OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# K3D JavaScript Canvas Library/Introduction
## Introduction

CanvasK3D is a simple 3D $\rightarrow$ 2D projection and animation system written purely in JavaScript using the HTML5 canvas for rendering. It can display 3D objects generated from a set of 3D vectors and described as polygons in a simple JavaScript object structure. Multiple objects can be displayed as individual points, wireframe (lines), solid filled polygons or textured (image mapped) polygons, then shaded using either plain colour, depth cued (z-ordered) or light-sourced using a linear-additive lighting model with any number of coloured lights. Objects can be automatically animated around a point and moved to make simple demonstrations.
K3D does not support a "camera" as such. It does not generate a full 3D scene with a movable "observer" or "look at" vectors. Instead a very simple 2D perspective projection is used - a fixed observer looking down the Z-axis towards the origin. See also A2k0n's "donut math" for a description of the basic math behind 3D perspective rendering.
CanvasK3D runs on any modern HTML5 compatible browser. It does not use Web-GL so will also run on Android phones and Apple iOS devices. Recommend the use of Chome, Firefox, Safari, Opera or IE9 browsers.

### Further background

The code for the simple-but-fast K3D engine ("Kevs 3D", no relation to the k-3d C/C++ library of similar name) was originally written in C/C++ back in the coding dark-ages of 1996, converted to a very-nifty-for-the-time-thanks Java 1.0 Applet in 1998 (the first 3D in Java? - well before the Java3D APIs existed) and recently converted to modern JavaScript and HTML5 Canvas. The original inspiration for the engine (and some of the code!) came from a book: Real-time 3D Graphics for the Atari ST: A Practical Guide to 68000 Assembler Programming by Andrew Tyler.

### License

Tutorial →
# K3D JavaScript Canvas Library

The canvas K3D JavaScript programming library supports points, wireframes and polygons with depth-cue shading, simple animation with motion blur and texture mapping with a basic lighting model in three dimensions using HTML5 graphics. It does not require WebGL so it runs on most 2011 browsers including Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari, and many smartphones and tablets. CanvasK3D is available under a BSD-style license, where the author asks for a link back to his site or a mention of his name.

## Contents

* Introduction
* Tutorial
* Source files
* API Reference [needs controller section work and light source section]
* Glossary [empty]

## See also

* phoria.js - replacement for K3D written by the same author - now with full 3D camera, scene graph, particles, basic physics etc.
Also three.js has a canvas rendering for without web-gl.
* "Ultralight" demo
* other demos
* launchpad.net project
* a1k0n's "Donut Math" torus
* 3D on 2D canvas demos from Satoshi Ueyama (in Japanese)
* Learning WebGL (which doesn't work on most mobile devices as of 2011, but has a sophisticated shading model)
** GLSL Programming/HTML5
* Video showing automatic 3D polygon generation and texture mapping with Kinect depth camera
* three.js JavaScript library supports WebGL with fallback to canvas (demos)
* PDBhandler MediaWiki extension
# K3D JavaScript Canvas Library/Glossary
## Glossary

← API Reference
# Ktorrent/logview
## Log viewer plug-in

The log viewer tab has options to adjust the level of output in the log viewer panel. To adjust the logging output, you can choose from pre-defined profiles which can be set on any of the filters in system or plug-ins.
Use Rich Text For Log is a setting to make some messages to appear in gray. It can make the information inside the log viewer easier to read.
# Ktorrent/scheduler
## Scheduler plug-in

You can disable or enable this plug-in, and with the Edit Schedule button, you can load the current scheduling in a dialog with all the options needed to edit it properly.
# Ktorrent/ipblock
## IP blocking filter

The IP blocking filter tab allows you to configure the IP filter by using a downloaded filter file, converting the downloaded file to a binary file for better performance, and to select the location where the filter file is located.
# Ktorrent/scanfolder
## Scan Folder plug-in

The scan folder plug-in can monitor one or more directories for new torrent files to automatically load. One can use this plug-in to monitor any storage location, as long as the user account running KTorrent has read and write permissions to the location where the torrent file is saved.
There are three additional options for the user to choose from— open torrents silently, delete after downloading, and move to loaded directory.
The option Open Torrents Silently will remove the dialog which would normally request you to choose which files you want to download for a multi-file torrent. This option is useful if you want to upload a torrent from another computer with SSH in one of the configured paths and have KTorrent immediately load it.
The option Delete After Downloading is useful if you want to clean up the .torrent files once KTorrent has loaded them. If you like clean directories, you will love this option.
The option Move To Loaded Directory is an alternative to the previous option, of removing the torrent file. It makes an extra folder “loaded” in the monitored path and moves the loaded .torrent file there.
# Ktorrent/introduction
## Chapter 1. Introduction

KTorrent is an application for KDE which allows you to download files by making use of the BitTorrent protocol. It enables you to run multiple torrents at the same time and comes with extended features to make it a full-featured client for BitTorrent.
Key features of KTorrent include the following:
* Queuing of torrents
* Global and per-torrent speed limits
* Previewing of certain file types (video and audio)
* Importing of partially or fully downloaded files
* File prioritization for multi-file torrents
* Selective downloading for multi-file torrents
* Kick/ban peers with an additional IP Filter dialog for list/edit purposes
* UDP tracker support
* Support for private trackers and torrents
* Directory scanner to automatically load torrents from certain directories
* Support for µTorrent's peer exchange
* Support for protocol encryption (compatible with Azureus)
* Support for creating trackerless torrents
* Support for distributed hash tables (DHT, the Mainline version)
* Support for UPnP to automatically forward ports on a LAN with dynamic assigned hosts
* System tray integration
* Tracker authentication support
* Connection though a proxy
In addition to the built-in functionality, the following plug-ins are available for KTorrent:
* Searching for torrent files with popular search engines
* Web interface to support the control from a web browser
* RSS to keep up with new released torrents
* Bandwidth scheduling
* IP Blocking filter
* Infowidget which shows you seeders/leechers, a file selection part, webseed tab with edit functionality, chunks information and a trackers tab also with edit purposes.
* Logviewer to get up with the protocol and networking messages
So you see KTorrent can be configured by enabling or disabling plug-ins which extend KTorrent. We hope these plug-ins will help provide freedom for our users. Experienced users but also new users should feel at home with KTorrent.
Our goal is to make KTorrent...(guys?)
If you are uncertain about something, or just have random questions, you may always submit a question on the KTorrent forums (http://ktorrent.org/forum/).
KTorrent's homepage can be found at http://ktorrent.org. You will also find some frequently asked questions on the web site and some packages for different GNU/Linux distributions.
Please report any problems or feature requests to the KDE Bug Tracking system (http://bugs.kde.org) or alternatively to the KTorrent forums (http://ktorrent.org/forum/).
We hope you will enjoy using KTorrent!
Would you like to make a comment or contribute an update to this page? Send feedback to the KDE Docs Team
# Ktorrent/iwidget1
## Info widget

The info widget tab contains options that allow you to configure how much the info widget should be extended. The three options here extending the info widget panel with tabs for Status, Files, Peers, Chunk, and Trackers.
These last three can be disabled by using the check boxes in the screen shot above.
Users are free to prevent all tabs from displaying by disabling the info widget plug-in from the plug-in tab.
# Ktorrent/plugoptions
## Plug-in Options

The plug-in tab allows you to load or unload one or more KTorrent plug-ins. As you load or unload plug-ins, configuration tabs are added or removed in the preferences dialog. If memory is an issue on your computer, disabling unused plug-ins will free memory.
# Ktorrent/search
## Search plug-in

The search tab allows you to edit, remove, or add search engines to KTorrent. After you add your favorite torrent search engine, you can use the search panel (located to the left of the normal KTorrent interface) to search for torrents using your selected search engine.
The external browser section allows you to configure which browser should be opened by default when you do a search and Open External web browser is set. Use default browser will use your computer's default web browser.
# Ktorrent/installation
## Appendix A. Installation
### Note:

KTorrent was last updated Jan 17 2013, and the original website, ktorrent.org, has been abandoned since. As the original website has since been purchased by someone else, all references to it have been removed from this document.

### How to obtain KTorrent

KTorrent is part of the KDE project http://www.kde.org/.
KTorrent can be found in the kdenetwork package on ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/, the main FTP site of the KDE project. Your distribution may also provide packages.

### Requirements

In order to successfully use KTorrent, you need KDE 1.1. Foobar.lib is required in order to support the advanced KTorrent features. KTorrent uses about 5 megs of memory to run, but this may vary depending on your platform and configuration.
All required libraries as well as KTorrent itself can be found on The KTorrent home page.
http://www.kde-apps.org/content/show.php/KTorrent?content=26353
You can find a list of changes at http://apps.kde.org/KTorrent.

### Compilation and Installation

[Section incomplete, please add what worked for you based upon your build.]

#### Download

You can find the downloads of all versions of Ktorrent at:
* Downloads
There are instructions for Mac OS X and additional notes there as well.

#### Dependencies

You will need several modules installed prior to being able to compile and install Ktorrent.
In general you will need:
make (KT 2.x) or cmake (KT 3.x)
For specific variations of Linux you will need:
For Ktorrent 2.x
For Ktorrent 3.x on KDE 3
Ubuntu, Suse [Please list other flavours]
* build-essential
* kdelibs5-dev
* libqca2-dev
* libgmp3-dev
* kdebase-workspace-dev
* libplasma-dev
* kdepimlibs
* libboost-dev
Mandriva [Please list other flavours]
* gcc
* gcc-c++
* gcc-cpp
* kdebase4
* mandriva-kde4-config
For Ktorrent 3.x on KDE 4

#### Compilation

For Ktorrent 2.x
For Ktorrent 3.x
For Specific flavours and KT versions:
Howto: Compile 3.2beta1 under Ubuntu-Intrepid (gnome)]

#### Installation and First Startup

[blank at the moment]

#### Original Text

[Not sure what to do with it. George, can you review this and delete it as appropriate?]
In order to compile and install kmyapplication on your system, type the following in the base directory of the kmyapplication distribution:
Since kmyapplication uses autoconf and automake you should have no trouble compiling it. Should you run into problems please report them to the KDE mailing lists.
# Heat Transfer/Appendices

Appendices
# Heat Transfer/Bibliography

Bibliography
Introduction to thermodynamics and heat transfer, Yunus A. Çengel, McGraw-Hill
Principles of heat transfer, Frank Kreith, McGraw-Hill

## For further reading

* Physics
* Engineering Thermodynamics
# Heat Transfer/Convection

Convection

#### Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Laminar Flow: Smooth uninterrupted flow determined by a low Reynolds number. The Reynolds number for a Newtonian fluid is defined as:
$N_{Re}={\frac {Dv\rho }{\mu }}$
where D is a characteristic diameter (such as the diameter of a cylindrical pipe), v is the fluid velocity, $\rho$ is the density, and $\mu$ is the (dynamic) viscosity. There are several other ways of writing it as well (based on volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate, and the like) depending on what is known. Flow in a cylindrical pipe is laminar if the Reynolds number is less than 2100.
In laminar flow in a pipe, the velocity profile is parabolic; the maximum velocity occurs at the center and the velocity is zero at the wall of the pipe.
Turbulent flow: This is flow characterized by movement in random directions, so that the net result is that all the flows cancel and the velocity on average is approximately constant everywhere in the pipe. Turbulent flow occurs when the Reynolds number is greater than 4000.
Transition regime: In the region between Turbulent and Laminar flow ($2100<N_{Re}<4000$), we cannot say much about the flow, except by emprical experimentation. The pattern is not linear in general but carries no distinct pattern in this region.

#### Dimensionless Parameters

In addition to the Reynolds number, $N_{Re}$, there are several other dimensionless parameters that are important in correlations involving convection. These include the Prandtl number, the Nusselt number, and the Grashof number. The Prandtl number is a dimensionless combination of three properties of a material: heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity:
$N_{Pr}={\frac {C_{p}\mu }{k}}$
Since it is a material property, the Prandtl number depends only on the conditions (temperature and pressure) that a material is held at, not the system in which it is placed.
The Nusselt number tells us how important convection is compared to conduction. It is defined as:
$N_{Nu}={\frac {hD}{k}}$
In contrast to the Prandtl number, the Nusselt number involves a heat transfer coefficient and a characteristic length, both of which depend on the type of system one is using, so this number must be individually evaluated for each system for maximum accuracy (or an estimate for similar systems can be used).
Finally, the Grashof number is a dimensionless parameter generally used to model natural convection (in which the surrounding fluid is relatively still except very close to the object receiving or losing heat by convection). This number is defined as:
$N_{Gr}={\frac {L^{3}{\rho }^{2}g{\beta }{\Delta }T}{\mu ^{2}}}$
It is used instead of the Reynolds number in natural convection modelling, since the surrounding environment is not at a high velocity, unlike in forced convection.

#### External Flow

External Flow, means flow over a surface.

#### Internal Flow

flow inside a closed,hollow,body.The cross section may be of circular,rectangular, or may be of any shape.

#### Free Convection

Also called natural convection. Results from a temperature difference between two media in contact.
# Heat Transfer/Heat Transfer with Phase Change

Heat Transfer with Phase Change

#### Boiling

In general, means heating thus increasing the temperature of the substance to its boiling temperature and above. The heat required to change a mass m of a pure substance from a liquid to a vapor is generally given in terms of a latent heat of vaporization as:
$Q=m{\Delta }H_{vap}$ and science
Latent heats are in general functions of pressure; they are usually given at 1 standard atmosphere (or 1 bar) in standard texts. For many applications the pressure dependence of latent heats is neglected.

#### Condensation

Condensation means lowering the temperature of the vapour substance to its boiling/vaporising temperature. For example, water at 120 deg. Celsius, at atmospheric pressure, will be in vapour state. when its temperature is lowered below 100°C, at the same pressure, vapour gets condensed to liquid state.
The heat released when one condenses a liquid is the same magnitude as the amount required to vaporize the same mass of the liquid. It will just have a negative sign rather than a positive one (because when something condenses, it releases heat).

#### Freezing and melting

Freezing is the act of lowering the temperature of a system enough to change a substance from a liquid to a solid. Melting is the change from a solid back to a liquid.
The heat required to melt or solidify a pure substance is calculated in the same manner as that required to vaporize or condense that substance, except a different latent heat called the latent heat of fusion is used. it is used to freeze things

#### Sublimation

At a certain range of pressures, rather than melting, a solid will be transformed directly into a gas, and vice versa. The latent heat of sublimation is the sum of the heats of vaporization and fusion, assuming the effect of pressure changes is negligible:
${\Delta }H_{sub}={\Delta }H_{Vap}+{\Delta }H_{Fus}$
# Heat Transfer/Radiation
## Radiation

    The process by which heat is transferred from a body by virtue of its temperature, without the aid of any intervening medium, is called radiation.
# History of Woodford and the Surrounding Community
## Table of Contents

* Beginning of Woodford
* Early Occupations and Industries of Woodford Community
* Early Government of the Woodford Community
* Present Day Woodford

## Read More

* Woodford, Oklahoma on Wikipedia.
# History of Woodford and the Surrounding Community/Present Day Woodford

The present population of Woodford has decreased very much in the last few years. The people of Woodford have settled down to an almost strictly farming district. There are a few more different occupations here; Mr. Greer owns a “goobernut plant”, this gives Woodford a manufacturing plant.
At present there are two churches in Woodford, a post office, two stores, and a garage.
Woodford has an accredited high school. There are five teachers in the school system.
Two miles north from Woodford there is a lake built by the city of Ardmore. This lake supplies Woodford and Ardmore with water.
# History of Woodford and the Surrounding Community/Early Government of the Woodford Community

The first laws in the Woodford community were the gun laws. Later the United States marshals came here, some of them were from Fort Worth while others were from Paris. The Federal officers were the first enforcement of laws of this community. Some of the other officers were Mr. Holmes Akers first sheriff, Mr. A. W. Speake first County Commissioner, Mr. Jerdy Akers was the delegate to the Constitutional Convention from Woodford. Other officers were J. F. McCants first representative to the State Legislature. Bird Pruitt was the Justice of the Peace, Williams was the first constable of the Woodford community.
The early roads from Woodford to Ardmore were southeast in a straight line from Woodford. These roads were poorly constructed. When the roads were improved the people had to do it themselves.
In the early days the people had to pay taxes according to the business in which they were engaged. The people who were engaged in farming and other forms of small business did not have to pay as much taxes as those who were engaged in a larger business. Harris McClane was the first tax collector for the Chickasaw Nation.
As soon as District 36 was organized the people of the Woodford community voted bonds to build an addition to the old schoolhouse in order to have a high school. The schoolhouse was built in 1921.
Doctor Taylor and Mrs. Speake served on the first school board. Mrs. Taylor was one of the early school teachers; while she was teaching school here Doctor Taylor got acquainted with her and later they were married.
Both of the churches of Woodford were built in 1907, while the Methodist Church was rebuilt in 1929.
The first doctor of the Woodford community was Doctor Miller, later Doctor Taylor came to Woodford and began his practice. Doctor Amerson was another doctor who practiced medicine in Woodford.
# Laptop Computer Models/Palmax

* Palmax PD-1000
* Palmax PD-1000 Plus
* Palmax PD-1100
# Satori Series
## CPU

* CPU:

## Memory

* Memory:
* Memory Type:

## Video Graphics Display

* Video Graphics Chipset: Nvidia GeForce 9800M GTX (???MB)
* Screen Size:
* Maximum Screen Resolution:

## Audio

* Audio Chipset:

## Pointing Device

* Pointing Device Type: Touchpad
# Laptop Computer Models/One Laptop Per Child

    OLPC XO
    OLPC XO-1
# OLPC XO
## CPU

* CPU: Via Technologies 433MHz

## Memory

* Memory: 256MB (Maximum )
* Memory Type: DDR333-166Mhz

## Video Graphics Display

* Video Graphics Chipset: Via Technologies
* Screen Size:
* Maximum Screen Resolution:

## Audio

* Audio Chipset:

## Pointing Device

* Pointing Device Type: Touchpads
# Laptop Computer Models/Packard Bell

    GN45
# Toshiba DynaBook A2/580 PMC
## CPU

* CPU: Pentium III 800MHz

## Memory

* Memory: 192MB
* Memory Type:

## Video Graphics Display

* Video Graphics Chipset: S3 Savage IX8 (8MB)
* Screen Size: 15 inch
* Maximum Screen Resolution: 1024 x 768 (XGA)

## Audio

* Audio Chipset:

## Pointing Device

* Pointing Device Type: Touchpad
# Laptop Computer Models/Philips

    Freeline X10
    Freevents X51
    Freevents X53ES
    Streamium X57
# Laptop Computer Models/Sager

    Sager NP4750
    Sager NP6690
    Sager NP9261
    Sager NP9860