# Basic Physics of Digital Radiography/The Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
| Contents | Basics | Source | Patient | Image Receptor | Computer | Image | Applications | Quiz | Index |
A
Absorbed Dose
Adaptive Array, CT Detectors
Adaptive Histogram Equalization
Adaptive Multi-Planar Reconstruction (AMPR), MDCT
Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR)
Added Filtration
Additional Filtration
Advanced Single-Slice Rebinning (ASSR), MDCT
Aliasing
Alpha Blending
AMBER
Ambient Light
Amorphous Selenium (a-Se)
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
Angiography
Angular Beam Modulation (ABM)
Anode Angle
Anthropomorphic Phantom
Antimony Trisulfide
Array Processor
Aspect Ratio
Atomic Number
Attenuation of X-Rays
Automatic Brightness Control (ABC)
Automatic Dose Rate Control (ADRC)
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), Mammography
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), MDCT
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
Axial Projection
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B
Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT)
Background Radiation
Back Projection
Backscatter
Bandpass Filter
Band Theory
Barium Contrast Media
Barium Fluorohalide
Beam Filtration
Beam Hardening
Beer-Lambert Law
Binding Energy
Biomolecular Damage
Bolus Chasing, DSA
Bone Attenuation
Bremsstrahlung
Brightness Gain
Bucky Factor
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C
Cadmium Selenide
Camera Control Unit (CCU)
C-Arm CT
C-Arm Systems
CCD, Mammography
CCD Video Camera
Cesium Bromide
Cesium Iodide
Chalnicon
Characteristic Radiation
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)
CMOS
Coherent Scatter
Collimator
Collimation, Virtual
Colour Look-Up Table (CLUT)
Composite MPR Display
Compression, Mammography
Compton Effect
Computed Radiography (CR)
Computed Tomography (CT)
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
Cone-Beam CT
Cone-Beam Reconstruction Algorithm (COBRA), MDCT
Contrast-Detail Evaluation
Contrast Enhancement
Contrast, Image
Contrast, Subject
Contrast, Scatter Effects
Conversion Efficiency
Convolution Filter
Coordinate Transfer Function (CTF)
Copper Filtration
Coronal Reconstruction
Cosmic Radiation
CT Fluoroscopy (CTF)
CT, Helical
CT Image Display
CT Image Reconstruction
CT-Number
CT, Spiral
Curved Reconstruction
Cut-Off Frequency
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D
Densitometric Analysis, DSA
Detection Efficiency
Detection of X-Rays
Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE)
Deterministic Health Risk
Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs)
DICOM
Digital Image Representation
Digital Images
Digital Image Processing
Digital Image Processor
Digital Radiography (DR)
Digital Radiography, Direct Receptors
Digital Radiography, Indirect Receptors
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)
DNA Damage
Dose-Area Product - Basics; Location; KERMA-Area Product (KAP); Application
Dose, Eyes
Dose Limits
Dose Reduction, Radiography
Dose Reduction, Fluoroscopy
Double Strand Breaks
DSA Image Processor
DSA Instrumentation
Dual-Energy CT (DECT)
Dual-Energy Radiography
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
Dual-Source CT (DSCT
Dynamic Range
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E
ECG_Gating, MDCT
Edge Enhancement
Effective Dose
Effective Doses, from Radiography
Effective Doses, from Fluoroscopy
Electromagnetic Radiation
Enhanced Visualization Processing (EVP)
Entrance Skin Dose (ESD)
Epidemiological Studies
Epilation
Equivalent Dose
Erythema
Exposure
Exposure Creep
Exposure Index (EI)
Extra-Focal Radiation
Eye Protection
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F
Feldkamp Algorithm
Fibre Optic Taper
Filament Cathode
Fill Factor
Filter, X-Ray Beam - Aluminium, Copper, Molybdenum, Rare-Earth, Rhodium, Spectral
Filter, Digital Image Processing - Convolution, Kernel, Temporal, Spatial
Filtered Back Projection (FBP)
Flat Field Correction
Fluorescence
Fluorescent X-Ray
Fluorography Exposure
Fluoro Noise Reduction (FNR)
Fluoroscopic Loop
Fluoroscopy Burn
Fluoroscopy Exposure
Fluoroscopy, Pulsed
Fluoroscopy Systems
Flux Gain
Flying Focus XRT
Fly-Through
Focal Spot
Focal Spot, Effective Size
Focussing Cup
Fourier Filtering
Fourier Transform
Free Radicals
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G
Gadolinium Oxysulfate
Gamma
Gaussian Filter
General Radiography
Geometric Analysis, DSA
Geometric Magnification
Gray (Gy)
Grids
Grids, Mammography
Grids, Moiré Patterns
Greyscale
Greyscale Standard Display Function (GSDF)
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H
Half Value Layer
Heating Capacity, XRT
Heel Effect
Helical CT
High-Pass Filter
Histogram Equalization
Hounsfield Unit (HU)
HV Generator
HV Generator, Falling Load
HV Generator, Inverter
HV Generator, Inverter with AEC
HV Generator, Medium Frequency
HV Generator, Single Phase
HV Generator, Three Phase
HV Generator, Capacitative Discharge
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I
Image Compression
Image Contrast
Image Deconvolution
Image Display
Image Distortion
Image Fusion
Image Noise
Image Noise, DSA
Image Quality
Image Reconstruction, CT
Image Quantization
Image Registration
Image Sampling
Image Segmentation
Image Storage & Distribution
Image Superimposition
Imaging Geometry
Inherent Filtration
Input Phosphor
Integrated Mask-Mode DSA
Interlaced Raster Scan
Interpolation, Helical CT
Inverse Fourier Transform
Iodine Contrast Media
Ionizing Radiation
Inverse Square Law
Iterative Reconstruction
Iterative Reconstruction in Image Space (IRIS)
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J
Justification of Exposure
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K
K-Edge Effect
Kerma
KERMA-Area Product (KAP)
Kernel, Filter
Klein-Nishina Formula
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L
Landmarking
Last-Image-Hold (LIH)
Lead Apron
Lead Oxide
Lead Spectacles
Lens of the Eye, Injury
Light Beam Diaphragm
Limiting Spatial Resolution
Linear Attenuation Coefficient
Linear Interpolation, Helical CT
Line Focus Principle
Line Spread Function (LSF)
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Log-Median Index (LgM)
Logarithmic Transformation, CR & DR
Logarithmic Transformation, DSA
Lossless Compression
Low Frequency Drop (LFD)
Low-Pass Filter
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M
Mammography
Mammography, AEC
Mammography, Auto-kV
Mammography, CCD
Mammography, Compression
Mammography, Grids
Mammography, Magnification
Mammography, Photon Counting
Mammography, Scatter Reduction
Mammography, Screening
Mammography, Slot-Scanning
Mammography, Stereotactic Imaging
Mass Attenuation Coefficient
Matched Filtration
Matrix Array, CT Detectors
Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), 2D
Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), 3D
Median Filter
Minification Gain
Minimum Intensity Projection (MinIP)
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
Moiré Pattern
Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT)
Multi-Planar Reconstruction (MPR)
Multi-Slice CT (MSCT)
Multi-Slice Filtered Interpolation (MFI)
Multi-Slice Linear Interpolation (MLI)
Multiple Beam Equalization Radiography (AMBER)
Multi-Scale Image Contrast Amplification (MUSICA)
Mutual Information Maximization
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N
Noise, Image
Nyquist Frequency
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O
Oblique Reconstruction
Opacity, Volume Rendering
Optimization of Protection
Output Phosphor
Over-Couch XRT
Over-Ranging, MDCT
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P
Parallel Projection, 3D
Patient Dose, Radiography
Patient Dose, Fluoroscopy
Peak Skin Dose
Penumbra
Perceptual Oscillation
Perspective Projection, 3D
Phosphor, Structured
Phosphor, Unstructured
Photocathode
Photoconductor
Photoconductive Video Camera
Photoelectric Effect
Photoelectron
Photon Counting, Mammography
Photo-Stimulable Luminescence (PSL)
Pick-Up Tube (PUT)
Picture Archival & Communication Systems (PACS) - Basics; Details
Pitch, Grid
Pitch, Helical CT
Pixel
Pixelation
Pixel Value
Plumbicon
Point Spread Function (PSF)
Poisson Distribution
Polychromatic Radiation
Power Rating, XRT
Primary Photons
Primary Radiation
Progressive Raster Scan
Projected Thickness
Pulsed Fluoroscopy
Pulsed Progressive Readout (PPR)
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Q
Quantification, DSA
Quantization Error
Quantum Noise
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R
Radio-Adaptive Response
Radiation Biology
Radiation Dose
Radiation Dose Management
Radiation Hormesis
Radiation-Induced Bystander Response
RADs
Radiation Weighting Factor
Radiation Protection
Radiography Systems
Ramachandran & Lakshminarayana (Ram-Lak) Filter
Rare-Earth Filter
Raster Scan, Interlaced
Rebinning Algorithms, MDCT Reconstruction
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)
Recoil Electron
Recursive Filtration
Region Growth, Image Segmentation
REMs
Remasking
Reregistration
Retake Analysis
Roadmapping
Roentgen, unit
Roentgen, Wilhelm
Rotating Anode XRT
Rotating Envelope XRT
Rotational Angiography
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S
Sagittal Reconstruction
Sampling Frequency
Scanned Projection Radiography
Scatter Correction, Computerised
Scatter, Effect on Contrast
Scatter Reduction
Scatter Reduction, Mammography
Scattered Photons
Scatter-to-Primary Ratio (SPR)
Screening, Mammography
Scrub Frame
Secondary Electrons
Secondary Photons
Semiconductor Video Camera
Sensitivity Index (SI)
Shaded Surface Display (SSD)
Sharpening
Shepp-Logan Filter
Sievert (Sv)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
Skin Injury
Slot-Scanning
Smoothing
Sodium Iodide
Software
Spatial Domain Processing
Spatial Frequency
Spatial Frequency Processing
Spatial Period
Spatial Resolution
Spectral Filtration
Spiral CT
Square Wave Response (SWR)
Staff Dose
Stereotactic Imaging, Mammography
Stochastic Health Risk
Storage Phosphor
Subject Contrast
Surface Rendering
Sync Pulse
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T
Target, Video Camera
Temporal Filtration
Temporal Resolution
Thermionic Emission
Thermoluminescence
3D Visualization
3D Multi-Planar Reconstruction
Thick Slab Projection
Threshold Definition, Image Segmentation
Thyroid Shield
Time-Interval-Difference (TID) imaging in DSA
Tissue Attenuation
Tissue Damage
Tissue Weighting Factor
Total Filtration
True Cone-Beam Tomography (TCOT), MDCT
Transfer Characteristic
Tube Loading Curves, XRT
Two-Dimensional FFT
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U
Ultra-Fast Ceramic (UFC) Detectors
Umbra
Under-Couch XRT
Unsharp Masking
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V
Vascular Trace
Veiling Glare
Video Camera
Video Signal
Vidicon
Virtual Collimation
Virtual Colonoscopy
Virtual Endoscopy
Visualization, 3D
Volume Rendering, 2D
Volume Rendering, 3D
Volume Tomographic Angiography
Voxel
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W
Weighted Hyperplane Reconstruction (MHR), MDCT
Wiener Spectrum
Windowing
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X
XII-Video Systems
X-Ray Energy Spectrum - Basics; Details
X-Ray Image Intensifier (XII)
X-Ray Shadows
X-Ray Tube (XRT) - Basics; Details
X-Ray Tube Current (mA)
XRT Anode - Tungsten, Molybdenum, Rhodium
XRT, Cooling Curves
XRT, Heating Capacity
XRT, Heating Curves
XRT, Power Rating
XRT, Rotating Envelope
XRT, Tube Loading Curves
Y
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Z
z-Projection