OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Visual Basic for Applications/Bubble Sort on One Key
## Summary

This page is intended for procedures that sort on two dimensions. Further, since some make use of multisort methods, this page is restricted to sorting on a single key. That is, using one column or row as the basis of the sort.

## Bubble Sort Arrays in VBA

* The procedure is for sorting a two dimensional array. This is perhaps the most common requirement. The options allow for column or row sorts, choice of sort index, and the choice of ascending or descending sorts. There is again, a choice of returning the sorted work in a different array with the input intact, or if not supplied, returning it with the original changed.
* The bubble sort's speed is suitable for most VBA projects, though faster sorting algorithms are used for more demanding applications. Although not available for Excel, those who are using MS Word might consider calling the SortArray function of WordBasic instead. In Excel the WorksheetFunctions might bear some study as to their sorting usefulness.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Bubble Sort on Multiple Keys
## Array Sort on Three Keys

* This rather long VBA code listing allows bubble sorting of an array on three keys. It is sometimes called an intersort.
* In case it is not clear what that means, suppose there are many names to sort; each with two forenames and a surname. The names records occupy a row each and their parts are in separate columns. The first key might sort the surnames column, but there could be many records called Smith. Then the second key sorts among the first forenames where the surnames were similar. And there might still be a lot of John Smith name records that are the same. The third key sorts the second forename column for those cases where there are records with the same surname and first forename combination.
* A similar function can be found on Excel worksheets in the advanced sort functions. Users unfamiliar with this sort type might well experiment there to better understand the process.
* The function here has options for ascending or descending sorts, row sort or column sort, and the option to return the sorted work in another array or the original. Up to three keys can be specified, though if there are unused keys, say, because only two intersorts are needed, it is assumed that Key1 and Key2 will be used before Key3. In any case, unreasonable settings will result in message box advice.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Character 1D Arrays
## Summary

* This VBA code module is intended for any Microsoft Office application that supports VBA.
* It allows strings to be loaded into one-dimensional arrays one character per element, and to join such array characters into single strings again.
* The module is useful in splitting the characters of a single word ,something that the Split method cannot handle.

## Notes on the code

Copy all of the procedures below into a VBA standard module, save the workbook as a xlsm type, then run the top procedure to show that the process is accurate.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Character Frequency Charts in Excel
## VBA Code Listings

At times it is useful to make an Excel chart from VBA. The code below makes a frequency bar chart based on a given string. It is shown in testing mode with a random string input. The user should replace that string with his own. There are various charting options.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Block Illegal Characters
## Summary

This VBA example can be run in any of the commonly used Microsoft Office applications. The examples show how to exclude illegal characters from text boxes while the keys are being pressed. In each of the two examples, the insertion point simply remains where it was when an illegal character is entered; accepted characters appear in the usual way. Both examples make use of the TextBox_KeyPress event; then first accepting only integers and a few other characters, and the second only letters and some supporting characters.

## The VBA Code
### For the UserForm1 Module

* Make sure that the ShowModal property of the user form is set to False, to allow normal code working and study with an open form.
* Copy the code below into the UserForm1 module, and type text into the boxes to see the results.
* Setting the parameter KeyAscii in code to the ASCI value of a non-printing character (eg: zero), prevents the display of the character that originated the event. Otherwise, KeyAscii is found to contain the ASCI value of the key that was pressed, and it is displayed.
* The KeyAscii value can be changed to any asci value, and provided that it is a printing character, it will be displayed.
* In each case code is added to restrict the permitted positions in the text. For example, a minus sign is valid only at the start of a number, and a hyphen is never expected at the start of a word.
# Windows Batch Scripting/Tips and Tricks

This page contains tips for when you are using the windows command prompt. Some of these tips will not be immediately obvious so it's worth giving this module a quick read.

## Continue a Line

The caret '^' is the escape character in cmd.exe. It can be used to continue a command across a line end if it is the last character on a line.
# Windows Movie Maker/Adding audio
## Importing audio

Click on the TASKS tab below HELP. Under CAPTURE VIDEO click on IMPORT AUDIO OR MUSIC.
Browse for your music or audio, and click IMPORT.

## Adding it to the video

Simply drag and drop the thumbnail representing the audio onto the timeline. To move it around, drag it left and right along the timeline while the cursor is in the shape of a hand. You can split and set the volume for individual audio tracks, so if you want to have different parts of the audio louder or quieter you can split the audio into chunks and individually set the volume for each. You can shorten audio by grabbing the end of the audio on the timeline and dragging it when the cursor changes to two red arrows. You can make audio fade in or out, which is useful when it the audio is longer than your video otherwise the music wouldn't end gracefully.
You can also set the volume for video clips' audio. Right click on the bars in the AUDIO row (the added audio/music's row is titled AUDIO/MUSIC).
# Windows Movie Maker/Capturing video from device

Windows movie maker can directly import video from a mini DV video camera.
* Connect your video device. Mini DV video cameras can be connected using a FireWire cable. For more on connecting video devices (which usually means video cameras or webcams), see Connecting video devices.
* Under the TASKS tab, and under CAPTURE VIDEO, click on CAPTURE FROM VIDEO DEVICE.
* This will bring up a wizard. Follow the instructions. When you choose your video settings, recommended is, well, recommended, because although the quality is fairy low, it takes up a minuscule amount of space. DV-AVI has the best possible quality, as it is uncompressed video. However, this means it takes up a lot of space, memory-wise.
* Your video will now appear in the form of lots of thumbnails, in the COLLECTIONS space (the main, biggest space in the centre of the screen).
# Windows Movie Maker/Finishing your movie
## Why save it like this?

The normal save you use (on the file menu) saves your work in Windows Movie Maker format, which cannot be uploaded to the internet, played in media players or burned to discs. So you must click on SAVE TO MY COMPUTER to save it in one of the 'proper' formats, such as WMV (Windows Media Video).

## Saving It

* If the movie tasks are not displayed (at the far left of the screen) then click on the TASKS tab below HELP.
* Under FINISH MOVIE, click on SAVE TO MY COMPUTER.
* Follow the instructions in the wizard. When selecting your format, take these things into consideration: if you transferred your video to your computer DV-AVI or wish to burn the finished video to DVD, then choose DV-AVI. If you captured your video and save it in DV-AVI the quality will be just as it was before you started - uncompressed. Otherwise, just choose RECOMMENDED.

## Note

If your video size exceeds your computer's available RAM, it will not save and the time estimate will be ridiculously large. Eventually, the computer will give up and display a message about Virtual Memory being too low. An example of one of movie maker's many shortcomings.
# 2. File and Directory Management

This chapter covers the following commands:
* ATTRIB - Displays or changes file attributes.
* CD, CHDIR - Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
* COPY - Copies one or more files to another location.
* DEL - Deletes one or more files.
* DIR - Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
* ERASE - Deletes one or more files.
* MD, MKDIR - Creates a directory.
* MOVE - Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.
* RMDIR - Removes a directory.
* REN, RENAME - Renames a file or files.
* POPD - Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.
* PUSHD - Saves the current directory then changes it.
* RD - Removes a directory.
* REPLACE - Replaces files.
* TREE - Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.
* XCOPY - Copies files and directory trees.

## The DIR, CD and MD Commands

* Open a cmd.exe window (see chapter 1.)
There are two names for the current directory command, CD and CHDIR. Both commands work in exactly the same way and from now on we will use the shorter name CD. The CD command displays the name of the current directory.
* Type CD:
The DIR command with no arguments list the contents of a directory.
* Type DIR:
There are two names for the make directory command, MD and MKDIR. Both commands work in exactly the same way and again we will use the shorter form in the examples.
We start by creating a new directory:
We will now use the CD command with an argument and make "C:\cmd_guide" the current directory.
Note that the current directory is shown in the command prompt.
You've now seen the basics of the CD, DIR and MD commands. We will now go on to look at these in more depth.
The CD command without and argument now show the C:\cmd_guide directory as the current directory.

### DIR Usage and Options

In the example above the MD command was used to create a single directory. We will look at this directory using the DIR command.
The standard output from the DIR command shows that the directory C:\cmd_guide has empty but it contains two directory references "." and "..". A single dot "." represents the current directory and ".." is the parent directory. The DIR command is shorthand for DIR .
Compare the outputs in the listings for DIR and DIR .
The command DIR .. will list the contents of the parent directory.
Make a directory, look at it use DIR /B and DIR /S /B

### MD Usage

Creating multiple directories.
Creating nested directories.

### Filtering/Searching with the DIR Command

Match an exact number of letters.

## DIR Text From Book Page - Needs Reviewing

This command displays the contents of directories. To get help on the dir command type dir /?:

### Examples

The DIR command on its own list the contents of the current working directory.
The /S switch list the subdirectories and their contents.
# Interactive Commands

This chapter covers the following commands:
* CLS - Clears the screen.
* COLOR - Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
* DOSKEY - Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.
* HELP - Provides Help information for Windows commands.
* PROMPT - Changes the Windows command prompt.
* TITLE - Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.

## The COLOR COMMAND

The COLOR command sets the default console foreground and background colors.
The COLOR command sets ERRORLEVEL to 1 if an attempt is made to execute the COLOR command with a foreground and background color that are the same.
# Windows Movie Maker
## Introduction

This book will teach you the basics and more advanced essentials of Windows Movie Maker (WMM). It assumes you have at least a simple knowledge of the Windows operating system.
Users of Windows Movie Maker can create, edit, and import photos, music, and video. They can be combined and modified to create a movie. The user can also add captions, slides, and special effects to the movie. Using the share option, the movie can be shared across other applications and social media. Apart from this Windows Movie Maker also gives users the option to record their own narration and add them to the slides. The movie maker comes with a variety of transitional effects for the slides and themes for the movie.
There is an option to record real-time video using a webcam. The user can also add pre-loaded visual effects to the pictures and slides.

### Movie Maker Pros and Cons
#### Pros

* Freeware, costing no money
* Relatively easy to use compared to other editors
* Multiple web publishing options
* Depending on the version, it's presets can create nostalgic effects evocative of the 2000's.

#### Cons

* It crashes quite often, sometimes forcing you to start over!
* Pretty bad video quality
* Can't save huge movies you've edited
* No longer supported.
So basically, Movie Maker is good for you to get started with making films, but if you're going to get serious with making low-budget feature films, then you might want to buy a commercial program, which naturally yields better results.

## Guides
### Basics

* Capturing video from device
* Organising collections
* Making titles and credits
* Splitting video clips
* Adding audio
* Finishing your movie
* Video transitions
* Video effects
* Muting and fading in and out

### Advanced

* Editing YouTube videos
* Uploading video to the Internet
* Taking a photo
* Burning video to DVD

## Contributors

* Li
* Maggiena
# Windows Movie Maker/Connecting a video device

Webcams are commonly linked up through USB ports.

## Mini DV

Mini DV video cameras are linked up to computers via FireWire cables. These come in three varieties:
* 4 pin/4 pin 4 pin (left) and 6 pin (right) connectors
* 4 pin/6 pin
* 6 pin/6 pin
Cameras commonly have 4 pin sockets. Computers, however, commonly have 6 pin sockets and laptops sometimes have 4 pin or none!
A laptop with no FireWire ports but a PCMCIA card slot can use a PC card with 2 6-pin FireWire sockets. However, it is more convenient to connect it straight to the computer.
# Windows Movie Maker/Editing YouTube videos

Many video edit programs are available these days. Vegas Movie Studio Platinum, Adobe Premiere Elements, etc. Windows Movie Maker is one of them. It is usually preinstalled in your Windows XP and located on C:\Program Files\Windows Movie Maker. You can use it to edit video clips from your digital camera or phone, or even use it to make your own home movie. It is not the best one. However, it is the most prevalent one for the conveniently accessible as well as free of charge.
Although with many advantage, Windows Movie Maker only supports a limited amount of file formats like WMV, AVI. If you want to produce your own home movie with video clips catch your fancy in YouTube, a couple of things are necessary. Download the YouTube video and then edit it in Windows Movie Maker

## Use a Firefox plug-in to download video from YouTube

Several solutions can be taken for this process. Input "YouTube download tool" in a search engine, and you will find huge amount of tools. If you use the Firefox browser, the free plug-in, named Easy YouTube Video Downloader, can help you do that job. In Firefox, go to Tools > Add ons, find “Easy YouTube Video Downloader” and download it. After installation, you can see a small icon on the status bar at the bottom of the Firefox window. Click it to download the video you are watching. In Video download window, click “download link”, then you can download the video in the MP4 format.

## Convert YouTube video to Windows Movie Maker for edition

Windows Movie Maker often supports video files like asf, avi, .m1v, mp2, .mp2v, mpe, .mpeg, mpg, mpv2, wm, wmv. Edit YouTube video In Windows Movie Maker, we should to convert YouTube video to those video formats that can be compatible in Windows Movie Make. VLC is the all-in-one video file format converter that can be used to convert YouTube video formats to Windows Movie Maker for edition. Once downloaded and installed on Windows XP, you can select your WMV or AVI file to convert for use in Windows Movie Maker.
Be free to open Windows Movie Maker, import the converted YouTube video to start a new project. Enjoy the digital life and share your own home movie around!
# Yiddish for Yeshivah Bachurim/Introduction
## Intended audience

Though the Yiddish language took a heavy toll during the Holocaust, when most of its speakers were lost, the language is still commonly used to give shiurim or mussar shmuessn in yeshivos. Unfortunately, many English-speaking yeshivah-students, though they already know many Yiddish words, and even incorporate them into their English, are unable to understand a full shiur given in Yiddish.
The purpose of this guide is to teach enough vocabulary and grammar to understand a Yiddish shiur.
Because of this intended purpose, this booklet differs from typical Yiddish lessons in two ways. First of all, it is assumed that the reader is already familiar with the large number of Yiddish words that most yeshivah bachurim already know. If you understand the following sentence, you should be okay: The Rambam holds that it’s a machlokes hasugyos, but other rishonim are meyasheiv the stirah.
The other difference between this book and others is the type of Yiddish that is taught. The goal of this kuntres is to enable the reader to listen to a shiur in Yiddish, not to buy a washing machine in Meah Shearim. If you want to learn the more everyday words of Yiddish, consider reading the other Yiddish Wikibook.
That being said, the grammar and much of the vocabulary presented here would be useful to anyone learning Yiddish. At the time of writing, the regular Yiddish Wikibook has very little content and this book may serve as a temporary substitute.

## Sections

The book is divided into two sections. The first section is about some basic grammar rules. It avoids going into any boring details that are unnecessary for someone whose sole purpose is to understand Yiddish, not to speak it. The second section is a list of words, divided into categories, which are commonly used in Yeshivos, together with examples.
The two sections are more or less independent of each other. You can read either section first, or both at the same time. If you are already more familiar with the vocabulary (as is common with people who have been learning in Yeshivah for a long time), you may want to concentrate more on the grammar section. If you already know the basic grammar (which is, in any case, similar to English and easy to pick up), you may wish to concentrate on the vocabulary section. One suggested reader order is first to read the Reading Yiddish section, followed by the section about Some very common words, followed by the rest of the grammar section, and finally the remainder of the vocabulary section.
The book may be freely copied and distributed. Please be mezakeh the rabim by doing so.
# Yet Another Haskell Tutorial/Type basics/Solutions
## Simple Types

* String or [Char]
* type error: lists are homogenous
* Num{a} => (a, Char)
* Int
* type error: cannot add values of different types

## Polymorphic Types

The types:
* (a,b) -> b
* [a] -> a
* [a] -> Bool
* [a] -> a
* [[a]] -> a

## Function Types
### Lambda Calculus
### Functional Arguments

The types:
* a -> [a]. This function takes an element and returns the list containing only that element.
* a -> b -> b -> (a,[b]). The second and third argument must be of the same type, since they go into the same list. The first element can be of any type.
* (Num a) => a -> a. Since we apply (+) to a, it must be an instance of Num.
* a -> String, or a -> [Char]. This ignores the first argument, so it can be any type.
* (Char -> a) -> a. In this expression, x must be a function which takes a Char as an argument. We don't know anything about what it produces, though, so we call it a.
* Type error. Here, we assume x has type a. But x is applied to itself, so it must have type b -> c. But then it must have type (b -> c) -> c, but then it must have type ((b -> c) -> c) -> c and so on, leading to an infinite type.
* (Num a) => a -> a. Again, since we apply (+), this must be an instance of Num.

## Data Types
### Pairs

The definitions will be something like:
The code, with type signatures, is:
We note here that there are only two type variables, a and b associated with Quadruple.

### Multiple Constructors

The code:
The code:
Here, we use embedded Eithers to represent the fact that there are four (instead of two) options.

### Recursive Datatypes

The code:

### Binary Trees

The code:
The code:
or:
The first elements2 is simply a more compact version of the second.
The code:

### The Unit type
## Continuation Passing Style

It mimicks neither exactly. Its behavior most closely resembles foldr, but differs slightly in its treatment of the initial value. We can observe the difference in an interpreter:
Example:
Clearly it behaves differently. By writing down the derivations of fold and foldr we can see exactly where they diverge:
Essentially, the primary difference is that in the foldr case, the "initial value" is used at the end (replacing), whereas in the CPS case, the initial value is used at the beginning.
The function map in CPS:
Point elimination:
The function filter in CPS: (needs to be double checked)
# Yiddish for Yeshivah Bachurim/Phrases that do not fit into other lessons

אַ נײַ װאָרט - A new word :
| The word | װאָס הײסט? | What’s going on? |
אַ נײַ װאָרט - A new word :
| The word | דאכֿט זיך | I think |
| Example | ס'איז אַ ריטב"א אין שבּת דף ל"ט., דאכֿט זיך. | It’s a Ritva on Shabbos 39a, I believe. |
אַ נײַ װאָרט - A new word :
| The word | אויפֿן אָרט | on the spot |
| Example | רש"י אויפֿן אָרט איז מסבּיר. | Rashi on the spot explains. |
# Yiddish for Yeshivah Bachurim/Conjugating verbs
## Present tense

Most verbs are conjugated in the same form in present tense, though there are some exceptions. The subject usually comes before the verb (like in English), but sometimes the order is reversed (like Hebrew) to change the tone (most notably, in questions). Here is an example of a regular verb:
* הערן – hear
* איך הער – I hear
* דו הערסט – you hear
* ער הערט – he hears
* זי הערט – she hears
* עס הערט – it hears
* מיר הערן – we hear
* איר הערט – you (plural or formal) hear
* זיי הערן – they hear
Verbs that come from Hebrew are usually conjugated together with the word זײַן to be, similar to in Yeshivish (they are Modeh; he is Meyasheiv the Stirah; they are Mechaleik between them). Here is an example:
* מסכּים זײַן – agree
* איך בּין מסכּים – I agree
* דו בּיסט מסכּים – you agree
* ער/זי/עס איז מסכּים – he/she/it agrees
* מיר/זיי זײַנען מסכּים – we/they agree
* איר זײַנט מסכּים – you agree

## Past tense

Past tense is conjugated by adding the helping verb האָבּן have, and (usually) adding the letters גע to the verb. This is similar to some past tense words in English ("I have done that.") For words which come from Hebrew, זײַן becomes געווען. Here are some examples:
* האָבּן געהערט - Had
* איך האָבּ געהערט – I had
* דו האָסט געהערט – you had
* ער/זי/עס האָט געהערט – he/she/it had
* מיר/זיי האָבּן געהערט – we/they had
* איר האָט געהערט – you had
* האָבּן מסכּים געווען – agreed
* איך האָבּ מסכּים געווען – I agreed
* דו האָסט מסכּים געווען – you agreed
* ער/זי/עס האָט מסכּים געווען – he/she/it agreed
* מיר/זיי האָבּן מסכּים געווען – we/they agreed
* איר האָט מסכּים געווען – you agreed

## Future tense

Similar to past tense (and future tense in English), future tense is expressed by adding the helping verb װעלן will. Here are the (now familiar) examples:
* וועלן הערן – will hear
* איך װעל הערן – I will hear
* דו װעסט הערן – you will hear
* ער/זי/עס װעט הערן – he/she/it will hear
* מיר/זיי װעלן הערן – we/they will hear
* איר װעט הערן – you will hear
* וועלן מסכּים זײַן – will agree
* איך װעל מסכּים זײַן – I will agree
* דו װעסט מסכּים זײַן – you will agree
* ער/זי/עס װעט מסכּים זײַן – he/she/it will agree
* מיר/זיי װעלן מסכּים זײַן – we/they will agree
* איר װעט מסכּים זײַן – you will agree