OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zelda franchise strategy guide/Items/Magical Sword

The Magical Sword is the most powerful sword Link receives in the original The Legend of Zelda. In the game, the Magical Sword is twice as strong as the White Sword and four times stronger than the regular Sword. According to the instruction manual to The Adventure of Link, Link carries an otherwise unnamed "Magical Sword" in the sequel, which may be this sword. The official English Zelda website claims that the Magical Sword is the Master Sword. This may cause some confusion because the Master Sword originally had a red hilt, despite the several aesthetic differences.
The Magical Sword also makes an appearance as a weapon for Link in Soul Calibur II (with a matching Magical Shield), but with a different design. In this game, it is a separate weapon from the Master Sword and deals damage even if the target is guarding or blocking.
# Zelda franchise strategy guide/Items/Kokiri Sword

The Kokiri Sword is the first sword Link receives in Ocarina of Time. It is a prized possession of the Kokiri. Once Link finds and claims the Master Sword, the Kokiri Sword is unavailable to him as an adult. It is listed as the initial sword in Majora's Mask but looks very different from its Ocarina of Time incarnation. It can be reforged into the Razor Sword and Gilded Sword.
# Zelda franchise strategy guide/Items/Wooden Sword

The Wooden Sword is Link's starting weapon in many Zelda titles, particularly the 2D iterations. It is composed of wood, and it is usually the weakest melee weapon that Link can obtain. The wooden sword often allows Link to perform a signature Spin Attack, but in some incarnations it cannot fire magical beams or smash pots. A sword with a brown blade is also the initial weapon in the original Legend of Zelda. It is identified as a normal "Sword", but is of a brown wood-like color. Link acquires a wooden sword very early on in Twilight Princess, but lends it to Talo shortly before Talo and the other children are kidnapped. The sword is later found snapped in two. In Twilight Princess, the wooden sword's appearance closely resembles a bokken, strengthening the implication that it was originally intended as a practice sword.
# Zelda franchise strategy guide/Locations/Castle Town

Castle Town is a recurring settlement in the Zelda series. It is typically located near Hyrule Castle, and is usually the largest settlement in the games where it is seen.
# XML - Managing Data Exchange/CSS/Answers
## Exercise 1

Here is one way you could do it:
To be able to hook up your external style sheet with your XML document you have to write: <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="excercise1.css"?> at the start of the document, under <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
Like this:
# XML Style Sheet

* <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
* <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
* <xsl:output method="html"/>
* <xsl:template match="/">
* <HTML>
* <HEAD>
* <TITLE>Tour Guide</TITLE>
* <STYLE TYPE="text/css">
* H2 {TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}
* .greenBackground {BACKGROUND-COLOR:LIGHTGREEN; TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}
* .yellowBackground {BACKGROUND-COLOR:YELLOW; TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER; FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD; FONT-SIZE:14pt;}
* .salmonBackground {BACKGROUND-COLOR:LIGHTSALMON; TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER; FONT-SIZE:12pt;}
* </STYLE>
* </HEAD>
* <BODY>
* <H2>Top Tourist Destinations</H2>
* <xsl:apply-templates select="tourGuide"/>
* </BODY>
* </HTML>
* </xsl:template>
* <xsl:template match="tourGuide">
* <TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%">
* <xsl:for-each select="city/country">
* <xsl:sort select="countryName"/>
* <xsl:if test="population &gt; 10000">
* <TR>
* <TD CLASS="greenBackground"><BR/>
* <xsl:text>Country: </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="countryName"/></TD><BR/>
* <TD CLASS="greenBackground"><BR/>
* <xsl:text>Population: </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="population"/>
* </TD>
* <xsl:for-each select="topDestination">
* <TD CLASS="yellowBackground"><BR/>
* <xsl:text>Top Destination: </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="destinationName"/>
* </TD>
* </xsl:for-each>
* <xsl:for-each select="destination">
* <TD CLASS="yellowBackground"><BR/>
* <xsl:text>Destination: </xsl:text><xsl:value-of select="destinationName"/>
* </TD>
* </xsl:for-each>
* </TR>
* </xsl:if>
* </xsl:for-each>
* </TABLE>
* </xsl:template>
* </xsl:stylesheet>
Table 4-3: XML style sheet for a one-to-one relationship – country_dest.xsl
The XML style sheet in Table 4-3 introduces the if statement as well as the ability to sort elements. The if statement executes code based on the evaluation of the condition given in the "test" attribute,e.g.
<xsl:if test="population &gt;= 10000">
    Big Town
</xsl:if> <xsl:if test="population &lt; 10000">
    Small Town
</xsl:if>
Possible expressions for the condition are
| Operator | Meaning |
| = | equality of two values |
| != | inequality of two values |
| &lt; | less than |
| &gt; | greater than |
| &lt;= | less than or equal |
| &gt;= | greater than or equal |
| and | logical and-conjunction |
| or | logical or-conjunction |
Output can be sorted based on the value of the select attribute of the <xsl:sort> element.
# 1. Business Intelligence and XML (Answers)
## Exercise 1

The end user wants to read the report in Japanese language, so you have to add a variable for Japanese language.

## Answer

* -<variableList>
* - <variable name=”Variable1” type=”locale”>
* <expression>ReportLocale</expression>
* - <variableValueList>
* <variableValue value=”fr”/>
* <variableValue value=”ja”/>
* </varialeValueList>
* </variable>
* </variableList>
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Fundamentals of data structures
## Fundamentals of data structures

* Arrays
* Fields records and files
* Queues
* Stacks
* Graphs
* Trees
* Hash tables and hashing
* Dictionaries
* Vectors

### Algorithms

Algorithms for Graph traversal and Tree traversal can can be found in the following section Fundamentals of algorithms
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Fundamentals of data structures/Data structures

A data structure is the general term used for organised collections of data. Data structures contrast with atomic (or "primitive") data that represents only as single value.
Everyday examples of data structures are lists of items (such as shopping lists or to-do lists), a pile of marking, or a friend's contact details (name, address, phone number, email, etc.). Data structures may contain other data structures: for example, a to-do list may be a data structure that is a list of items, while each to-do item is itself a structure of task title, notes, due date, and so on.
Data structures are useful in programming as they can bundle related data items together, so they can be stored and manipulated together. Programs can operate on the data structure as a whole (such as copying a list from one place to another) as well as operating on elements within the structure.
Data structures also differ on the operations they support and make easy. When designing programs, it is often better to start by choosing and designing the appropriate data structures to store the data required for the program; the algorithms that manipulate those data structures are often obvious and largely dictated by the data structures.

### Key Data Structures

Although this will be covered in greater detail later, here are the key data types you should be aware of.
* Queues
* Lists
* Stacks
* Hash Tables
* Dictionaries
* Graphs
* Trees
* Vectors
Keep in mind that arrays are also an important data structure but will not actually be examined. They are like a list but have a set number of spaces for data to be stored in. Python does not incorporate this data structure but other well-known programming languages do such as Java.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Fundamentals of data representation/Bit patterns, images, sound and other data

A large part of using modern computers involves sending pictures and films to each other, along with using a graphical user interface. All of this involves computers saving and processing images. This section will cover the two main image types: vector and bitmap, along with some compression techniques.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Fundamentals of data representation/Comparison between vector and bitmaps

This image illustrates the difference between bitmap and vector images. The bitmap image is composed of a fixed set of dots (pixels), while the , that will run on a mobile phone and a home console. What type should you use and why?
Answer:Vector, as it allows for scaling without distortion and retaining its file size. You would only need one image to use on all the different systems.
You want to take an image of a local cat stuck in a tree. What type should you use and why?
Answer:Bitmap as it is better for photographs.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Fundamentals of data structures/Dictionaries

A dictionary is a general-purpose data structure for storing a group of objects. A dictionary has a set of keys and each key has a single associated value. When presented with a key, the dictionary will return the associated value.
For example, the results of a classroom test could be represented as a dictionary with pupil's names as keys and their scores as the values:
Instead of using the numerical index of the data, we can use the dictionary names to return values:
A dictionary is also called a hash, a map, a hashmap in different programming languages (and an Object in JavaScript). They're all the same thing: a key-value store.
The concept of a key-value store is widely used in various computing systems, such as caches and high-performance databases.
Typically, the keys in a dictionary must be simple types (such as integers or strings) while the values can be of any type. Different languages enforce different type restrictions on keys and values in a dictionary. Dictionaries are often implemented as hash tables.
Keys in a dictionary must be unique; an attempt to create a duplicate key will typically overwrite the existing value for that key.
Note that there is a difference (which may be important) between a key not existing in a dictionary, and the key existing but with its corresponding value being null.

## Differences from similar data structures
### Arrays

    arrays and dictionaries both store collections of data, but differ by how they are accessed. Items in an array are accessed by position (often a number) and hence have an order. Items in a dictionary are accessed by key and are unordered.

### Sets

    Sets are groups of items, unordered with duplicates removed. The keys of a dictionary form a set, but each key has an associated value; these values could be duplicated within a dictionary.

## Main operations on dictionaries

Dictionaries typically support different operations:
* retrieve a value (depending on language, attempting to retrieve a missing key may give a default value or throw an exception)
* insert or update a value (typically, if the key does not exist in the dictionary, the key-value pair is inserted; if the key already exists, its corresponding value is overwritten with the new one)
* remove a key-value pair
* test for existence of a key
Most programming languages with dictionaries will also support iteration over the keys or values in a dictionary. Note that items in a dictionary are unordered, so loops over dictionaries will return items in an arbitrary order.
Given a dictionary results containing the class result above, these are examples of these operations:
| Operation | VB.net | Python 3 |
| Retrieve | results("Nova") | results['Nova'] |
| Insert | results.Add("Nova", 99) | results['Nova'] = 99 |
| Delete | results.Remove("Nova") | del results['Nova'] |
| Key existence | results.ContainsKey("Nova") | 'Nova' in results |
| Iterate over dictionary | For Each kvp As KeyValuePair(Of String, Integer) In results Console.WriteLine(kvp.Key, kvp.Value) | for pupil in results: print(pupil, results[pupil]) |
# 4chan Chronicle/Endless Summer

(Circa Jul 2007)
By 2007, 4chan’s Internet presence had reached the point where most of Internet culture had sprung from its womb. There wouldn’t be a corner of the Internet that hasn’t been touched by 4chan, be it in the form of memes or raids. An exponential growth led to a massive surge of newcomers during the American summer. This time, the quality of content dropped massively, and many users came from notoriously annoying sites such as AnimeZuki and Gaia Online. Even more came in expecting to find a hacker paradise. The age median dropped, going underage. Many aspects of 4chan culture, like GETs, have completely disintegrated. The Raid culture was severely distorted, from coordinated raids to simple zerg rushes of spam and memes, losing an important part of their effectiveness. Though there was a considerable amount of high-quality content in a self-fulfilling cycle, the sheer number of pointless threads, reposts, and spam made /b/ the equivalent of having to swim through an ocean of shit just to find the diamonds that glitter.
This upheaval of new users led many other *chans to despise /b/ even further and began to take precautions to keep them out of their forums, like entering partyhard mode every time /b/ or 4chan was down, commonly used by 7chan with the infamous partyhard.css and 420 with the rave mode.
Not long before this, increased migration to and from 4chan had pushed its culture memes into the forefront of Internet fame. Something Awful users emulating 4chan's Caturday sparked Eric Nakagawa to create I can haz cheezburger, which began, and later monetized, the meme industry outside of 4chan. On the fledgling site Youtube, 4chan users popularized Tay Zonday's Chocolate Rain and created an adaptation of the Duckroll for video, known as the Rickroll. The Rickroll would later become the most definitive meme of the era. 4chan trolls spread it across the Internet to cause rage. After the Fox News report on Anonymous, 4chan's /b/ eventually regains a strong raid mentality that the mods have given up on stopping.
The rise of the meme industry produced unwanted interest in the site that created it all. The social problems of population growth, quasi-mainstream appeal, and problematic subcultures reached their greatest crescendo during the “newfag summer”, and it’s seen by many users as 4chan's Eternal September.
# 4chan Chronicle/Breaking Point

On 4chan, a massive announcement is made titled “NEWS POST: The Next Chapter, aka moot’s retirement” is made, where moot announces he will permanently retire from 4chan’s main administrator position. He declared that his last two years of activity on the site were made with the idea of 4chan surviving him in mind. He gives some data and info regarding the site and declares that it’s economically sound enough to give power over the site to someone else. moot’s successors are three of his most trusted senior mods: the main coder and server administrator (Mr. VacBob), the moderator manager (RapeApe), and an unknown third staff member would take the reins of the site from then on. He also indicates that he will probably return to the site as an Admin Emeritus. His favourite boards, /b/ and /a/ get music embedded on them, and /a/ in particular is renamed to “It /a/ll comes to nothing.” Finally, he announces that he plans a final livestreamed Q/A session on Friday afternoon. On Friday 23, a special board, /qa/ - Questions & Answers was made for people to ask questions for moot’s livestream. The stream lasts 8 hours all the way into Saturday. When the Q/A session finished and moot said his final farewells, the mods put the board on archive. For weeks, the entire site mourns the loss of their leader.
The reasons for moot’s departure are several. Since August, he has been on a non-stop onslaught of stress, having to deal with massive events like the Fappening and GamerGate happening at the same time, dealing with Jlaw’s lawyers in real life, and dealing with GG trolls on the site. On top of that, he has been having, as per the #janiteam leaks, serious disagreements with the staff. Chief among them was forbidding the staff from modposting, which was unanimously disapproved of. His constant disagreements with the staff forced him to realize he became far too impersonal and behind closed doors when giving orders. The final straw probably came with the wave of resignations on January 16, when moot informed the staff they now had to sign a legal non-disclosure agreement. It should be noted that the plan was not just to quit as an administrator but also as a CEO, leaving the site entirely. The site would pass into the hands of the aforementioned senior mods who banded together in the form of a society, giving ownership of 4chan to it. It still remains to be seen whether or not moot’s departure will lead to changes in the way the moderation works. Judging by the leaks, it’s a possibility.
# 3D Printing/Slicing Software
## Slicers

A slicer converts a 3D model of an object into layers that a 3D printer can understand.
Many slicers include convenience features. A common example includes printer and material presets. Some FFF slicers include uncommon features that help with complex geometry and print reliability.
SLA slicers produce different support structures from FFF slicers.

## Infill

Infill determines the amount of material on the inside of a print.
A number of creative infill patterns can be used for different purposes, such as 3D infills and gradient infills.

## GCode

Many 3D printers use GCode for instructions on operation. However not all generated GCode is the same.
There are a number of software packages oriented around GCode. Some software analyses GCode and provides helpful information about a print. GCode post processors can improve print speed and quality. Non-planar GCode can also improve 3D printing results.

## Slicer features
### Layer height

Some slicers support variable layer height, allowing for the printer to slow down on detail heavy areas for better quality, and speed up printing for less detailed areas.

### Pausing

Some slicers allow prints to be paused to allow operators to swap materials partway through, or to add things like magnets to the internals of the print.

## References

* ↑ "PrusaSlicer - Prusa3d.com - 3D printers by Josef Prusa". Prusa3D - 3D Printers from Josef Průša. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
* ↑ "Pathio: New 3D Slicer From E3D". Hackaday. 24 February 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
* ↑ "How to slice 3D objects for the Original Prusa SL1 [updated with video guide]". Prusa Printers. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "3D Internal Structure For Better 3D Printed Objects". Hackaday. 10 June 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "Gradient Infill Puts More Plastic Where You Want It". Hackaday. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "GCode Analyzer/Visualizer by hudbrog". www.thingiverse.com. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "This GCode Post-Processor Squeezes Lines Into Arcs". Hackaday. 3 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "3D Printering: Non-Planar Layer FDM". Hackaday. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "makertum/non-planar-layer-fdm". 6 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* 1 2 "PrusaSlicer 2.2.0 is out! Hollowing, support for 3rd party printers and more!". Prusa Printers. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "Change Filament At Z Cura Plugin by rawlogic". www.thingiverse.com. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
# 4chan Chronicle/AnonTalk
## Sources

* Moot Speaks Out Against Kimmo Alm and AnonTalk - Moot's famous announcement on 4chan. Archived by the Bibliotheca Anonoma, along with the wiseguy.zip file.
# 4chan Chronicle/Design
## Historiography

History is, by definition, an argument about the past. Even though the events may have happened years or even decades ago, they still affect the way we live today, especially since most people involved in Internet History are still around. Most of all, the presentation of the past will affect a society's future.
And as such, history can be a landmine of controversy. It is absolutely critical to cite sources for all claims, understand the context of an artifact, and take the responsibility to write about events in an unbiased, just manner.
While directly citing evidence is not necessary for the Chronicle, all sources must be listed, and if necessary, archived and uploaded, in order for anyone interested to verify them.
* Trinity College - Writing History in the Digital Age
* Teaching History - Historian's Infographic Poster
# Actually Applicable Application Problems and Brainteasers/The Nines Trick for Digit Sums
## Overview

To be honest, this is a bit of a brainteaser or party trick. You can Actually Apply it as a step any time you need to know digit sums, such as for divisibility rules.

## General Method

When adding up a number's digits, you can eliminate the digit 9. For example, starting with the number 295, 2+9+5=16 and 1+6=7, and 2+5=7.
You can also eliminate pairs or groups of digits that add up to 9, like the 4 and 5 in 425 or the 1, 2, and 6 in 1,726.

### A note about why this works

The reason this trick works has to do with equivalency classes mod 9, an alternative number universe which is based on remainders when dividing by 9 in which adding 9 is the same as adding 0.

## Problems
### Divisibility

Is 438 a multiple of 3?
Is 362 divisible by 9?

### Make Your Own Problem

Find any number and add up its digits, using the nines trick to make it faster. This can be a good way to pass time in a car because you usually have a steady supply of numbers such as other cars' licence plates.
# Actually Applicable Application Problems and Brainteasers/Sales Tax
## Overview

Many countries, states, and locations within states charge sales tax, which is a small percentage added onto each purchase (or each purchase of some kinds; some types of purchases, such as prescription medicines, are often exempt). The store is required to contribute this money to the government's budget on a regular schedule, such as quarterly. This is definitely an Actually Applicable type of application problem since it deals both with what you pay for things you need and how the government pays for things it needs.

## General Method

* Convert the tax percentage to a decimal.
* Multiply the subtotal by the tax decimal to find the tax charge.
** Round the tax charge to dollars and cents, if necessary.
* If you are need the total amount paid, add the tax charge to the subtotal.

## Problems

For a subtotal of $37.48, if the sales tax rate is 7.5%, how much sales tax is charged? What is the total amount paid?
For a subtotal of $14.37, if the sales tax rate is 9.25%, how much sales tax is charged? What is the total amount paid?

### Make Your Own Problem

Choose something you would like to buy and find out what its cost will be, including sales tax.
Next time you buy something, check the receipt for the sales tax and verify that it was calculated correctly.
# Actually Applicable Application Problems and Brainteasers/Simple Interest
## Overview

The simple interest formula is used by banks and lenders routinely to calculate interest payments to be deposited into savings accounts or charged against loan accounts. This is definitely a real application problem in and of itself, as well as the foundation of the compound interest formula which is used to predict growth of accounts over longer periods of time.

## General Method

The formula used to calculate simple interest is I=Prt, where the variables mean:
* I: interest
* P: Principal
* r: rate (usually APR, "annual percentage rate")
* t: time (usually in years)
The formula used to calculate the balance of an account after a simple interest payment or charge is A=P+Prt, where the other variables are the same and A means "amount," which is the total value of the account.

## Problems
### Savings Account

A savings account has $374 in it when it is time for the bank to make its scheduled monthly payment at 2% APR. How much interest will be paid? How much will be in the account afterward?

### Credit Card

A credit card user is carrying a balance of $1,347 with an 11% APR. How much will her next monthly interest charge be?

### Make Your Own Problem

Open a savings account and ask what the account's APR is. Deposit some money in it and calculate what your next interest payment will be.