OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canne de Combat/Strength
## Strength and stretching exercises

It is important to have some strength and stamina for work. It can be developed with free sparring, but without a partner you have to do different exercises. In order to be able to do the lunges, you have to do some stretching exercises. There are people who are lucky, but the rest have problems with the lunges, who have stiff legs and so. The good news is that there are exercises for loosening the legs.
There is a really great problem with the stretching: the first, you cannot be sure that you have any kind of muscle problems, the second, that everybody has different "problems", so as sportsmen, we have to first identify what OUR problem is, and try to work on it. This is the case; that stretching should be really personal. It is primarily the teacher's (or the doctor's) responsibility to identify the problems (what should be worked on) and to show the exercises. The sportman's main responsibility is to understand her/his own problem, and to do the exercises regularly. There is lots of informations on the internet about stretching, however there is one book that I really recommend: it is the book from Pavel Tsatsoline: Relax Into Stretching.
In Canne de Combat we do lots of leg attacks, so, it is a good idea to work on the legs.
Exercises:
Step into avant. Hold yourself in a position that is comfortable. Try to increase the space between your legs with steps. Do it until you feel uncomfortable. This is the point, what you should have to hold. It must not hurt, you should just feel a little bit uncomfortable.
Contast breathing exercise:
Sit down, put your legs in as a large V form that you feel comfortable in. Take a deep breath, hold the air in for a few seconds, and tighten your body, especially your legs. Pay attention not to decrease your stretched legs. Suddenly let the air out. The breathing out will cause the decrease of the tension. (It is so in every case, this is the reason you should take care of your breath during the matches, too.) Try to mentally release the tension from your leg. It can help if you touch your leg with your hand, so you will get a much better feedback about your muscle tension. Hold this relaxed position a few seconds, then increase your stretch. Repeat the sequence.
# Canne de Combat/HandChange
## Hand change

In Canne de Combat it is a very good idea to change the hand during the match. There are more reasons of it: first, if you work only with one of your hand, it will very easy get tired and next you are able to attack with the help of the hand changes from unpredictable directions.
# Cantonese/Common phrases
### Chinese, Cantonese (Sinitic)

Note: Cantonese is a tonal language. Pronunciations provided below include numbers indicating tone. Tone 1 is high and level/falling; 2 is medium and rising; 3 is medium and level; 4 is low and falling; 5 is low and rising, 6 is low and level. The characters shown are Traditional Chinese characters. Pronunciation is given using Jyutping and IPA. However, non-use of the tones will not hinder comprehension for such simple phrases.
| Translation | Phrase | Jyutping | IPA |
| Cantonese | 廣東話 | gwong2 dung1 waa2 | /kwɔːŋ2 tʊŋ1 wɑː2/ |
| hello | 你好 | nei5 hou2 | /nei5 hou2/ |
| good-bye | 再見 | zoi3 gin3 | /tsɔːi3 kiːn3/ |
| bye-bye | 拜拜 | baai1 baai3 | /pɑːi1 pɑːi3/ |
| please | 唔該 | m4 goi1 | /m̩4 kɔːi1/ |
| thank you (for gifts) | 多謝 | do1 ze3 | /tɔː1 tsɛː3/ |
| thank you (for services rendered) | 唔該 | m4 goi1 | /m̩4 kɔːi1/ |
| sorry | 對唔住 | deoi3 m4 zyu6 | /dɵy3 m̩4 tsyː6/ |
| this one | 呢個 | ni1 go3 or nei1 go3 | /niː1 kɔː3/ or /nei1 kɔː3/ |
| that one | 嗰個 | go2 go3 | /kɔː2 kɔː3/ |
| how much/many? (ask for quantity) | 有幾多呀 | yau5 gei2 do1 aa3 | /jɐu5 kei2 tɔː1 ɑː3/ |
| how much? (ask for amount of money) | 幾多錢呀 | gei2 do1 cin2 aa3 | /kei2 tɔː1 ts̚in2 ɑː3/ |
| yes | 係 | hai6 | /hɐi6/ |
| no | 唔係 | m4 hai6 | /m̩4 hɐi6/ |
| correct/right | 啱 | am1 | /a:m1/ |
| incorrect/wrong | 唔啱 | m4 am1 | /m̩4 a:m1/ |
| I don’t understand | 我唔明白 | ngo5 m4 ming4 baak6 | /ŋɔː5 m̩4 mɪŋ4 bɑːk6/ |
| Where's the washroom (toilet, lavatory)? | 洗手間喺邊度呀？ | sai2 sau2 gaan1 hai2 bin1 dou6 aa3 | /sɐi2 sɐu2 kɑːn1 hɐi2 piːn1 tou6 ɑː3/ |
| Do you speak English? | 你識唔識講英文呀？ | nei5 sik1 m4 sik1 gong2 jing1 man2 aa3 | /nei5 sɪk1 m̩4 sɪk1 kɔːŋ2 jɪŋ1 mɐn2 ɑː3/ |
Note: Cantonese, like most of the other Chinese languages, does not actually have words for “yes” and “no”. Translations for “yes” and “no” given above actually mean “it is” and “it is not” and can be used for questions asking for confirmation. However, for certain yes/no questions, one would normally respond with the verb or the negation of the verb. For instance, to respond to a question such as “do you want to go?” one would respond with “want” or “not want”.
# Canne de Combat/WhatIsCDC
## What is Canne de Combat?

Canne de combat is a French martial art that uses a weapon, the canne, which looks like a straight walking stick and is approximately 1m in length.
There is another weapon, that is used during the training, and it's the baton, a kind of quarterstaff.
The players of Canne de Combat are called cannists (whom are working with the canne), tireurs (firers) or batonists (whom are working with the staff). Sometimes we refer to Canne de Combat as Canne.
Canne is not just a martial art, but a sport, including free sparring with the stick, and competitions. During the sparring a padded suit and a fencing mask are worn for protection. There are rounds, time limits, scoring, and so on, we will talk about it later.
# Canne de Combat/Warmup
## Warmup exercises

This is very important to warm up, because you can very easily hurt yourself without it. I will describe some exercises, you should do before every training.
You hold the stick with your right hand. The stick is pointing down. You bring the stick behind your back, then get it with your left hand and brings to front. Then you grab your stick under the left hand, and take it to the right. As you do this movement fluent, the stick will move around your body.
Take the stick with two hands above your head and do a body turn to the left and to the right.
Take the stick with two and twist your body to the left and to the right.
The stick is before you and is horizontal. Grab it with both hands at the ends. Try to knee the stick with the left and with the right leg.
Lift up your leg and put the stick under your leg into your other hand.
Hold the stick with one hand. The end of the stick is on the floor. Release the stick, and try to step over the stick and grab it, before it falls. Do this exercise inwards and outwards too.
Put your stick behind your back with your left hand so, that it will point upwards. Get the stick with your right hand from up, like a ninja :) You can do it from the other direction, too.
Hold the stick at the ends. Put your stick behind your head horizontally , release it, and try to catch it before it falls.
- Try to draw an 8 form with your stick from up to down. (Stick twrist)
- Try to draw an 8 form with your stick from down to up. (Stick twrist)
- Throw the stick horizontally into the air, and try to catch it with palms up.
- Throw the stick horizontally into the air, and try to catch it with palms down.
- Throw the stick horizontally into the air, and try to catch it with one palm up and the other down. At every throw change your hands positions. (from upwards palm will be downwards, and from downwards, it will be upwards)
- Throw the stick horizontally into the air, clap your hands, and try to catch. Increase the number of claps.
Warmup exercises with lots of people
Everybody is running with his/her stick around in random directions.
Case 1:
- We meet with somebody, and hit our stick with her/him. - We meet with somebody, and change stick.
For a sign, we:
- stop, put the end of the stick to the floor, run around the stick as we are holding it. It can be done forwards and backwards, too.
# Canadian Criminal Law/News
## Updates
### Sept 11, 2015

All materials from the Canadian Criminal Law series of wikibooks have been migrated over to http://criminalnotebook.ca and greatly expanded upon. The current versions of the wikibooks located here have not been worked on in about 2 years. Readers interested in more accurate and up-to-date materials should consult the alternate website. --PullUpYourSocks (discuss • contribs) 18:17, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

### March 9, 2013

I have not added much to the Criminal Law series lately. I am currently exploring the possibility of migrating the articles onto a dedicated website. This may allow for some added features I have been thinking about. I expect this will likely be sorted out in the next few months. Feel free to contact me, if you had any input. --PullUpYourSocks (discuss • contribs) 01:17, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

### November 21, 2012

Now that all the provisions of the Safe Streets Act are now in force. I am updating all the references to reflect the changes made by the Act. This is quite time consuming since it effects so many offences, and I'm often inclined to miss some less obvious changes. Until I'm done there is a good chance that many penalties for child sexual offences, violent offences, and other serious offences may not be properly up to date on sentencing. Where possible I've included a history section to keep the old law for offences occurring before November 20th. -PullUpYourSocks (discuss • contribs) 23:39, 21 November 2012 (UTC)
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Aggravated Assault
## Legislation

   268. (1) Every one commits an aggravated assault who wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the complainant.
   Excision (3) For greater certainty, in this section, “wounds” or “maims” includes to excise, infibulate or mutilate, in whole or in part, the labia majora, labia minora or clitoris of a person, except where
       (a) a surgical procedure is performed, by a person duly qualified by provincial law to practise medicine, for the benefit of the physical health of the person or for the purpose of that person having normal reproductive functions or normal sexual appearance or function; or
       (b) the person is at least eighteen years of age and there is no resulting bodily harm.
   Consent (4) For the purposes of this section and section 265, no consent to the excision, infibulation or mutilation, in whole or in part, of the labia majora, labia minora or clitoris of a person is valid, except in the cases described in paragraphs (3)(a) and (b).
   – CCC

## Proof of Offence

In addition to the essential elements of time, location, and identity, the prosecution should also prove:
* that an assault occurred (e.g. intentional application of force with no consent)
* the injuries sustained
* the injuries amounted to the victim being (See Injuries):
** wounded,
** maimed,
** disfigured, or
** had life endangered
* that there was no provocation

## Interpretation

"Wound" refers to any break in the skin.
"Maiming" refers to "a hurt to the body that causes a person to be less able to fight". This includes breaking of bones.
"Disfigure" refers to injuries that amount to "more than a temporary marring of the figure or appearance".
* ↑ R. v. Littletent, 1985 ABCA 22 (CanLII), AJ No. 256
* ↑ R. v. Schultz, [1962] 133 C.C.C. 174 (Alta. S.C. App. Div.)
* ↑ R. v. Innes and Brotchie, [1972] 7 C.C.C. (2d) 544 (B.C.C.A.)

### Endangering life

The "endangerment" of life refers to the consequence of the injuries received (a product of wounds, maiming or disfigurement) and not simply the risk created by accused assaultive behaviour. No injuries are not necessary.
* ↑ R. v. De Freitas 1999 CanLII 14071 (MB CA) at 11 and 12

### Discharging a firearm

Where the aggravated assault arises from the discharge of a firearm, the crown must prove:
* that the accused intentionally applied force or intentionally threatened to apply while having the ability to carry it out;
* that a reasonable person in the accused's position would have been able to foresee that pointing or firing the firearm would subject the victim to a risk of bodily harm; and
* that actual wounding, maiming, or disfigurement resulted.
* ↑ R. v. Foti, 2002 MBCA 122 (CanLII)

## Common Defences

* Self-Defence
* Defence of Another
* Defence of Property
* Reflex
# Canadian Criminal Law/Introduction
## Preface

This text was written as a reference on the proof of Criminal Code offences, as well as the legal doctrines that can be applied in proving offences, and the available defences. The audience for this text will be mostly criminal law practitioners, police officers, and law students, who need a convenient way to look up principles and case law. Where possible there are links to cited cases on CanLII for ease of reference.

## Organization of Book

This book is organized into five Chapters. The first three chapters, Proof of Elements, Doctrine of Liability, and Principles of Interpretation are intended to provide coverage of the basic principles and elements that make up the proof of fact in a criminal context.
The remaining two chapters, Offences and Defences, cover the legal interpretation and application of particular criminal code offences as well as the available defences recognized in Canadian law.
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Aggravated Sexual Assault
## Legislation

   Aggravated sexual assault 273. (1) Every one commits an aggravated sexual assault who, in committing a sexual assault, wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the complainant.
   R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 273; 1995, c. 39, s. 146; 2008, c. 6, s. 29; 2009, c. 22, s. 11; 2012, c. 1, s. 27.
   – CCC

## Proof of Offence

* Elements of Sexual Assault:
** the accused assaulted the victim (e.g. non-consentual touching)
** the sexual nature of the contact;
** the absence of consent;
** the age of the complainant;
** the age of the accused;
** the relationship between the complainant and accused;
** medical evidence (if any)
* Elements of Aggravated Assault:
** the injuries amounted to the victim being (See Injuries):
*** wounded,
*** maimed,
*** disfigured, or
*** had life endangered

## Interpretation

This offence is a straight indictable offence. Under s.536(2), the accused can elect the mode of trial.

### HIV Infection

The Crown must prove as an essential element to proving the offence in a case of HIV infection that the victim's consent to intercourse was vitiated by the accused's fraudulent concealment of his infection. Specifically, the crown should prove:
* dishonest act to hide HIV status or failure to disclose HIV status;
* the victim's lack of awareness of the infection
** knowledge that would have allowed her to refuse sex and
** intercourse would be a significant risk of bodily harm
* ↑ R. v. Mabior, 2012 SCC 47

## Defences

* Consent

## Typical Motions or Orders
### Witness motions

* Exclusion of public from court (486)
* Prohibition of self-represented accused from Cross-examining a witness under the age of 18 years (486.3)
* Sexual Offence Publication Ban (486.4)
* Publication Ban of in relation to victims, witnesses or justice system participants (486.5)
* Witness Screen (486.2)
* Testimony by Video (714.1)
# Canadian Criminal Law/Jurisdiction and Time
## Introduction

The elements of jurisdiction and time are essential elements for all offences that must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. While they are usually trivial to the case as a whole, they are still necessary in any case.
These elements establish that the court has both geographic and temporal authority over the matter and that the evidence is specific enough to meet the described offence found in the charging document--the information or indictment.

## Jurisdiction

The charging document will state a geographic region in which the alleged offence is to said to have been committed. For the court to be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that it has authority over the matter, there must be evidence establishing that the offence alleged "occurred" in a specific county/region and province.
In a simple case, this can be accomplished by having the eye-witness to the offence or the investigating officer testify to their presence in the county, region, and province at the time of their investigations or observations.
See: Canadian Criminal Procedure and Practice/Jurisdiction and Election#Jurisdiction

## Time

The charging document will state a specific date or range of dates in which the offence is said to have occurred. For the court to be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the offence occurred within the specific date(s), there must be evidence establishing the date. Since the charging documents never get so specific as mentioning the actual time, in terms of hours and minutes, of the alleged offence, it is not required to be that specific.
In a simple case, this can be accomplished by having the eye-witness to the offence or the investigating officer testify to the date and time of their investigations or observations.
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Administering a Noxious Substance
## Legislation

   Administering noxious thing 245. Every one who administers or causes to be administered to any person or causes any person to take poison or any other destructive or noxious thing is guilty of an indictable offence and liable
       (a) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years, if he intends thereby to endanger the life of or to cause bodily harm to that person; or
       (b) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, if he intends thereby to aggrieve or annoy that person.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 229.
   – CCC

## Proof of the Offence

* identity of accused
* date and time of incident
* jurisdiction (incl. region and province)
* the accused administered a substance to the victim
* the substance was noxious

## Interpretation

The crown does not need to prove that the accused knew the substance was noxious.
* ↑ R. v. Burkholder, 1977 ALTASCAD 8 at 32
# Aros/Developer/Docs/Examples/HelloWorld

* Navbar for the Aros wikibook
* Aros User
* Aros User Docs
* Aros User FAQs
* Aros User Applications
* Aros User DOS Shell
* Aros/User/AmigaLegacy
* Aros Dev Docs
* Aros Developer Docs
* Porting Software from AmigaOS/SDL
* For Zune Beginners
* Zune .MUI Classes
* For SDL Beginners
* Aros Developer BuildSystem
* Specific platforms
* Aros x86 Complete System HCL
* Aros x86 Audio/Video Support
* Aros x86 Network Support
* Aros Intel AMD x86 Installing
* Aros Storage Support IDE SATA etc
* Aros Poseidon USB Support
* x86-64 Support
* Motorola 68k Amiga Support
* Linux and FreeBSD Support
* Windows Mingw and MacOSX Support
* Android Support
* Arm Raspberry Pi Support
* PPC Power Architecture
* misc
* Aros Public License

## Description

This is an example 'Hello World' program to demonstrate the basics of using c under AROS

## The Code

Save this as a plain text file named 'helloworld.c'. Inside AROS you can do this by opening a shell (e.g. hit RightAROSKey* + w in Wanderer), typing 'edit helloworld.c', entering the code above, hit RightAROSKey + w to save it, hit RightAROSKey + q to quit editing.
(*on most keyboards RightAROSKey is the Windows key on the right side)

## Making It Compile

If you've created 'helloworld.c' inside AROS, compile it with:
To cross-compile it from linux, provided you've got a proper SDK installed, making the executable helloworld program on AROS-linux-hosted takes this step:
In both cases, the result will be an executeable called 'helloworld', which should run under AROS.

## Running It

In case you've cross-compiled from linux, move the executable into the AROS-linux-hosted installation tree, e.g. like this (assuming 'AROS/' is the root directory of AROS-linux-hosted, which corresponds to the 'System' partition inside AROS):
Inside AROS, find and run your executable via Wanderer, in our case: double-click 'System' icon on Wanderer desktop, double-click 'helloworld' icon (you might have to hold right mouse button and select 'Window -> View -> All Files' to see it). A window will be opened displaying the program's output.
Or, to run it from AROS' shell, assuming you are still in the same directory where you compiled it, just type its name:
# Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Mouse

* Navbar for the Aros wikibook
* Aros User
* Aros User Docs
* Aros User FAQs
* Aros User Applications
* Aros User DOS Shell
* Aros/User/AmigaLegacy
* Aros Dev Docs
* Aros Developer Docs
* Porting Software from AmigaOS/SDL
* For Zune Beginners
* Zune .MUI Classes
* For SDL Beginners
* Aros Developer BuildSystem
* Specific platforms
* Aros x86 Complete System HCL
* Aros x86 Audio/Video Support
* Aros x86 Network Support
* Aros Intel AMD x86 Installing
* Aros Storage Support IDE SATA etc
* Aros Poseidon USB Support
* x86-64 Support
* Motorola 68k Amiga Support
* Linux and FreeBSD Support
* Windows Mingw and MacOSX Support
* Android Support
* Arm Raspberry Pi Support
* PPC Power Architecture
* misc
* Aros Public License

## See rom/hidd/keyboard and rom/hidd/mouse in AROS source code.

CMD_HIDDINIT private function from keyboard.device and gameport.device has been removed and now these devices use a new keyboard and mouse HIDDs as an underlying level. Actual driver HIDDs may be plugged in or removed at any time using AddHardwareDriver and RemHardwareDriver.
The API can be further expanded if one day we want to implement OS4 amigainput.library or something like that.
There can be multiple input drivers (feeders) and now there can also be multiple input listeners.
So, lowlevel.library can also work on top of the new API and receive events on its own, independently of keyboard.device and gameport.device.

## References

To debug: dump mouse events when they are fed to supplied handler. You may also write hidd.mouse client which reads and prints mouse events. This way you'll be able to monitor how events are passed through top-level mouse.hidd. Also introduced top-level "hubs" for mouse and keyboard events.
* May be ps2mouse.hidd sends malformed events.
# Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Kbd

* Navbar for the Aros wikibook
* Aros User
* Aros User Docs
* Aros User FAQs
* Aros User Applications
* Aros User DOS Shell
* Aros/User/AmigaLegacy
* Aros Dev Docs
* Aros Developer Docs
* Porting Software from AmigaOS/SDL
* For Zune Beginners
* Zune .MUI Classes
* For SDL Beginners
* Aros Developer BuildSystem
* Specific platforms
* Aros x86 Complete System HCL
* Aros x86 Audio/Video Support
* Aros x86 Network Support
* Aros Intel AMD x86 Installing
* Aros Storage Support IDE SATA etc
* Aros Poseidon USB Support
* x86-64 Support
* Motorola 68k Amiga Support
* Linux and FreeBSD Support
* Windows Mingw and MacOSX Support
* Android Support
* Arm Raspberry Pi Support
* PPC Power Architecture
* misc
* Aros Public License
See rom/hidd/keyboard and rom/hidd/mouse.
I've thrown away private CMD_HIDDINIT from keyboard.device and gameport.device, now these devices use new keyboard and mouse HIDDs as underlying level. Actual driver HIDDs may be plugged in or removed at any time using AddHardwareDriver and RemHardwareDriver.
The API can be further expanded if one day we want to implement OS4 amigainput.library or something like that.
There can be not only multiple input drivers (feeders), now there can be multiple input listeners. So, lowlevel.library can also work on top of the new API and receive events on its own, independently of keyboard.device and gameport.device.
# Aros/Developer/Docs/Examples/SimpleWindowIntuition

Opening a simple window using AmigaOS3.1 style API

# Result

(under AROS nightly build of 20080703)

# See also

As Zune is the preferred AROS GUI toolkit, see this page on how to do it with Zune: Zune development guide
# Aros/Developer/Docs/Examples/StackSwap

The AmigaOS StackSwap function isn't designed to be reliably used from C code. This is why AmigaOS 4 has the NewStackRun function f.e.
Here's a solution that uses CreateNewProc: