OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Fabian Prewett
## Overview

Fabian Prewett was a member of the original Order of the Phoenix, and one of Molly Weasley's brothers.

## Role in the Books
### Philosopher's Stone

In their first meeting, Hagrid mentions to Harry that Voldemort killed some of the best wizards of the age such as the Prewetts, along with the Bones and the McKinnons.

### Order of the Phoenix

At the celebratory party at Grimmauld Place for Ron and Hermione's appointment as Prefects, Alastor Moody shows Harry a photograph of the original Order of the Phoenix. Fabian Prewett is in that photo, with his brother Gideon, and Moody says it took five Death Eaters to kill them.
Gideon and Fabian were Molly Weasley's brothers. It is in part because she has lost immediate family members to Death Eaters already that her greatest fear, as shown by the Boggart in that same chapter, is of her own family members dying. We suspect that her apparent fear that Harry will die is an indication that she feels Harry to be part of her family.

### Deathly Hallows

Apparently it is traditional to give a wizard a watch on their seventeenth birthday. When Harry turns 17, Mr. and Mrs. Weasley give Harry a watch. Mrs. Weasley apologizes profusely, saying it was Fabian's, and he hadn't always been terribly careful with his possessions, but Harry is very pleased by the gift, and tries to show it.
Harry is wearing this watch in the epilogue of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.

## Strengths

Apparently he was a skilled wizard as he and his brother apparently fought through multiple Death Eaters before they were finally killed.

## Relationships with Other Characters

Family-Molly Weasely(Prewett), Gideon Prewett
He was most likely friends with the marauders since they were all in gryffindor and went to school at the same time. Also in a lot of fanfictions, it is said that Fabien and Gideion were very good pranksters just like their nephews, Fred and George.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Introduction to Software Engineering/Other

This place is only to collect ideas of what is still needed and should be added at some point in time:
Topics still to cover (look for relevant Wikipedia articles):
* Software licenses
* Mind mapping
* GUI testing / Mock objects
* Risk management
Examples:
* use GreenFoot, e.g. the GUI builder as an example for a level editor
* use GreenFoot ants example for design patterns application
* use PacMan or Breakout as another simple example in the exercises
In the following chapters add topic on
* Deployment: talk about installers
* Planning: MindMapping
* Testing: GUI testing, Mock objects
Other topics we may still want to cover are:
* Round-trip Engineering: Wikipedia:Round-trip_engineering
* Reengineering: Wikipedia:Reengineering_(software)
* Links to SE: Wikipedia:List_of_software_engineering_topics

### Other Wikibooks

* LaTeX
* Control Systems
* An Introduction to Molecular Biology
# Introduction to Software Engineering/Preface
## Preface

When preparing an undergraduate class on Software Engineering, I found that there are a lot of good articles in Wikipedia covering different aspects related to software engineering. For a beginner, however, it is not so easy to find her or his way through that jungle of articles. It is not evident what is important and what is less relevant, where to start and what to skip in a first reading. Also, these articles contain too much information and too few examples. Hence the idea for this book came about: to take the relevant articles from Wikipedia, combine them, edit them, fill in the missing pieces, put them in context and create a wikibook out of them.
The hope is that this can be used as a textbook for an introductory software engineering class. The advantage for the instructor is that she can just pick the pieces that fit into her course and create a collection. The advantage for the student is that he can have a printed or pdf version of the textbook at a reasonable price (free) and with reasonable licenses (creative commons).
As for the philosophy behind this book: brevity is preferred to completeness, and examples are preferred to theory. If this effort was successful, you be the judge of it, and if you have suggestions for improvement, just use the ’Edit’ button!
My special thanks go to Adrignola and Kayau who did the tedious work of importing the original articles (with all their history) from Wikipedia to Wikibooks!
# Introduction to Software Engineering/Planning/Labs
## Labs
### Lab 1: XYZ (30 min)

Let us get started...

### References
## Questions

* What is 1+1?
# Old School RuneScape/Quests/Between a Rock...

The Giant Dwarf quest is required to start this. In the end it allows players access to the Arzinian Mines, which contain 146 gold rocks.
# Old School RuneScape/Quests/A Fairy Tale Pt. 1

Required quests/skills: Lost City, Nature Spirit. High farming is good.
Needed items: pair of secaturs, bucket of super compost, uncut diamond, and volencia moss (found on Karamja), some good food, and a bunch of transport runes.
Start: talk to Martin the Master Gardner in Draynor village. He wants you to talk to other members of GAG to find out what's wrong. Talk to 5 other gardeners. Most gardeners will work for this, use the first option "Are you a member of GAG?"
The 5th gardener will tell you that Fairies are causing the problems. Go back and talk to Martin again. He'll want you to check it out, so go to Zanaris.
Go to where the throne is located. The queen's not there, so talk to the Fairy Godfather. He'll tell you that the Queen is sick, and go talk to Fairy Nuff.
Fairy Nuff is located back by the bank, just to the north. She'll give you a list of the Queen's symptoms and tell you to go see the head of the dark wizards, in the tower to the West of Falador. He'll help you, and want you to go talk to Morgas, who is the bumbling wizard along the highway south of Falador that keeps turning things in fungi. He'll help you with your quest by telling you how to kill the Tanglefoot. You need to take secaturs, super compost, volencia moss, and an uncut diamond to the Nature Spirit (in Morytania - from the Nature Spirit quest). Don't forget your amulet of ghostspeak!!
Once you get there, the Nature Spirit will enchant your secaturs. Simply make your way back to Zanaris. Head towards the Cosmic Temple Ruins, and there will be a crack in the wall you can squeeze through. Follow the path around until you get to the end. Attack the Tanglefoot (level 111) while wielding the secaturs. Once you kill him, he'll drop the Queen's secaturs. Take those back to the Fairy Godfather to complete the quest.
Reward: farming xp, magic xp, and 2 quest points
# Old School RuneScape/Low-level Monsters

Low level monsters are a vital part of the game, as basically all new players begin by training their melee skills on such creatures, as they stand a better chance against them than low/medium level monsters.
Such monsters include:
* Chicken
* Cow
* Goblin
* Man
* Woman
These creatures usually have bad drops, and it is advised that players move on to higher level creatures for better drops and possibly better experience.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Airplane

The airplane is one of the simpliest origami. This origami can glide! Take the airplane by the bottom and throw it in the air.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Chicken

The chicken is one of the most famous origami in the French culture. The chicken moves its wings when you pull the head and the tail.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Box

The box can contain objects. The box bottom will be four time smaller than the starting square paper.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Frog

Sorry, this frog is not based on the frog base. But this frog can jump! You can book-fold a square paper but the best way is to use a rectangular paper. You can do that with a business card.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Boat

The boat can float on the water! You should use a rectangular paper.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Spring

The spring can be compressed! This origami needs an A4 sheet with three quarters of the width. You can also make it with two thirds. The origami will be more flexible but it will have holes.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Crane

The crane is one of the most famous origami. You can make it flap its wings!
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Fortune teller

A fortune teller (also called a cootie catcher, chatterbox, salt cellar, or whirlybird), is a form of origami used in children's fortune-telling games. A player asks a question, and the fortune teller operator answers using an algorithm to manipulate the fortune teller's shape. Questions, answers, colors or numbers may be written on the fortune teller.
# Origami/Types/Action Origami/Windmill

The windmill can turn with the wind. Take it by the center and blow it.
# Origami/Types/Iso-Area Folding

Iso-area folding is the folding of a model so that equal portions of each side of the paper shows on the exterior of the model. A popular method of iso-area folding was developed by Toshikazu Kawasaki and is explored in Origami for the Connoisseur, by Kunihiko Kasahara by Toshie Takahama.
# ORCID Advocacy Toolkit/Audiences
## Who is your audience?

Are you promoting the benefits of ORCID to researchers or writing an elevator pitch to senior leadership?
The information you need will vary depending on your audience.
This section provides guidance based on the following audience types.

### Researchers

Researchers can be divided both by subject / discipline and career stage -
The Researcher Audience section looks deeper into those profiles, at the differing messages and appropriate means of communication
# ORCID Advocacy Toolkit/Platforms that integrate with ORCID
## Symplectic Elements

Symplectic is a Certified Service Provider for ORCID
Elements offers a range of ways researchers can connect their ORCID account to streamline workflows and share data between the two systems.
* Automatically claim publications that include your ORCID
* Write selected records from Symplectic Elements to your ORCID account
* Write your affiliation to the University of Leeds to your ORCID account
On logging in to the system researchers are prompted to ‘Connect your ORCID iD’ from the ‘My Actions’ list on the homepage to establish a link from Elements to their ORCID account using OAuth. If you don’t have an ORCID iD yet, you may register for one now.
Once linked, Elements will periodically search ORCID for “works” containing a DOI, PubMed ID or Scopus ID and collect trusted metadata from some of other data sources including PubMed, Scopus and CrossRef and automatically associate this harvested data with a researcher’s Elements account.
You can manage or revoke permission at any time from Symplectic Elements via: Menu > My Profile > Settings > ORCID Settings, and then clicking on the ‘Revoke authorisation’ link. Revoking authorisation will prevent Symplectic Elements from interacting with ORCID, and your permissions will be changed to 'only use my ORCID iD to support automatic claiming'.
* 1 2 3 4 Guest, Natalie (2020-12-02). "Symplectic Elements now an ORCID Certified Service Provider". Symplectic. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
* ↑ University of Leeds (n.d.) ORCID iD quick start guide for Symplectic, https://library.leeds.ac.uk/downloads/download/73/orcid_id_quick_start_guide_for_symplectic

## EPrints

EPrints is a Legacy Certified Service Provide for ORCID.
There are two plugins available which allows users to connect their repository and ORCID accounts.
ORCID Support: Basic functionality, providing minimum requirements for storing ORCIDs.
ORCID Support Advance: Integration with orcid.org through member API. This requires the ORCID Support plugin to be installed and ORCID membership. This plugin offers the following enhanced features:
* Import works from ORCID
* Export works to ORCID
* Write your affiliation as Employment activity to your ORCID account
Users can manage their permissions and connections within the ManageOrcid screen. Users can Create or Connect their ORCID iD to establish the OAuth connection.
The documentation is hosted in the EPrints Wiki: https://wiki.eprints.org/w/ORCID_Support
# ORCID Advocacy Toolkit/Advocacy Toolkit Sprint
## Agenda (timing from start of event)

10:00 Introductions
10:15 Overview of aims
10:30 Discussions of wikibooks / sprint goals / task selection - team formation
11:00 Session to create / curate – Teams open
14:00 Reconvene : Review 1
14:20 Session to create / curate – Teams open
16:00 Reconvene : Review 2
16:30 Round up
16:45 Discuss next steps – close
The day is broken up into 3 parts. You’re welcome to participate in as much as you are able. We’re aware that setting aside a whole day can be a challenge.
From 10-11 we’ll cover the basics of the day – what we hope to achieve, where and how we’re working.
Then there will be 2 sessions to work the main focus of the day – you are free to attend one or both.
We WILL run a round up and next steps at EXACTLY 16:30 ;)
I hope that encourages some of you that were a bit concerned / daunted about a whole day (although we’d be so grateful to have as many as you contribute for as much as you can)

# Platforms

Teams advocacy channel for communication during the day
We've created a Jamboard for ideas and teams
Wikibooks is the wikimedia eBook platform – it allows the creation of a granular set of pages which you can then edit together into an output / book. This means you can have web pages as wiki pages or exports. You can also export as PDF / ePub (for kindle etc) and ODT (for Word etc). You can also refer to wikipedia and wikidata if you need to…
Wikimedia2LaTeX means that you can do the final part of production – you can export to LaTeX, import to OverLeaf to produce high quality output. Either for distiller / PDF or to any one of their output formats (slides etc…)
# ORCID Advocacy Toolkit/Audiences/Researchers
### Researcher Audiences

Question: are there enough differences between the sub-audiences in this section that you need dedicated subsections/messages

### General tips for researchers

https://web.archive.org/web/20230131191333/https://blog.research-plus.library.manchester.ac.uk/2016/01/04/seven-tips-for-promoting-orcids-to-busy-academics/ (written in 2016 but just as valid today)

### Messages to researchers

List of institutional guides which show some of the below are in other sections of this wiki [add links]
* Benefits of ORCID
* How to connect to organisational systems
* How we use your ORCID at our organisation
* Clarifying what the internal systems do and don't will the CRIS update your ORCID record? will it do this automatically?
* Other steps to take to keep your ORCID record up to date
https://vimeo.com/495762735
* Info about academic profiles/online presence

### Responding to researcher concerns/reservations

Why do I need an ORCID profile when I have researchgate/other profile?
What does ORCID do/allow me to do that the other profiles don't?
What happens if I leave the institution?
See https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/orcid/files/2015/02/ORCID-Advocacy-Toolkit-BLOG-VER.pdf section with 3 questions [copy questions here?]
# ORCID Advocacy Toolkit/Resources
## Special ORCID Promotions (competitions/prizes)

University of Reading Orchid for an ORCID
University of York Customised Mug
University of Western Australia ORCID iD Competition
ORCID Competition 2017 in Cambridge

## Customised promotional materials/swag

University of Glasgow ORCID Postcard
University of Kent (materials as part of their Advocacy Toolkit including postcards, business cards, badges and fluffy bugs)
University of York Postcard
Description: - Used the ‘Distinguish Yourself’ tagline (as used within ORCID’s own registration page) and this proved successful. Other promotional materials contained a duck motif which was designed by a member of the Research Support team. ‘Duck density’ is a notable feature of the University, so the design worked well in the York context

## Resources from ORCID

Outreach resources
I'm a Member Now What Webinar on advocacy (May 2023)

## Resources from UK ORCID consortia members

Liverpool John Moores University
University of Bath
University of Birmingham
University of Bristol
University of Oxford
University of Reading
University of Westminster

## Resources from other international ORCID consortia

Australian Access Federation: ORCID Communication and Outreach Resources
# Molecular Simulation/Hydrophobic Solvation

Placeholder page.

## See Also

Wikipedia:Hydrophobic effect
# Molecular Simulation/Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using NAMD

A NAMD simulation is initiated by running the program namd2 with the input file as its argument. namd2 input.conf > output.log
# Molecular Simulation/Interfacial properties
## Surface Tension

The surface tension (γ) of a liquid is defined as, $\gamma =\left({\frac {\partial G}{\partial A}}\right)_{T,p,N}$, where G is the Gibbs energy and A is the surface area of the liquid. At equilibrium, the surface tension of liquid is positive, indicating that the Gibbs energy of the system would increase if the surface area were increased. The SI unit for surface tension is N/m, but dyn/cm is sometimes reported instead.
Physically, this reflects that molecules at the liquid-vapor interface have fewer neighbors than molecules in the bulk liquid. This generally means that the intermolecular interactions the molecule engages in are weaker. Increasing the surface area would result in more molecules being at the interface, so this is thermodynamically disfavored. The surface tension is an indicator of the degree to which it is disfavored. This effect is particularly strong in associated liquids like water, which becomes more ordered and has fewer hydrogen bonds at the water-vapor interface.
The surface tension of a liquid can be calculated in a molecular simulation by measuring differences in the averages of the pressure tensor for an NVT simulation where the simulation contains a slab of the liquid surrounded by vapor layers along the z axis,
$\gamma ={\frac {1}{2}}L_{z}\left[\langle P_{zz}\rangle -{\frac {1}{2}}\left(\langle P_{xx}\rangle +\langle P_{yy}\rangle \right)\right]$

## See Also

Wikipedia:Surface_tension
# Molecular Simulation/Membrane permeability

The flux of a solute across a membrane is calculated from its permeability coefficient, P, and the concentration gradient across the bilayer (ΔC)
    $J=-P\cdot \Delta C$
P can be calculated using molecular simulation using the solubility-diffusion model,
    ${\frac {1}{P}}=\int _{-L}^{L}{\frac {e^{w(z)/{k_{B}T}}}{D(z)}}dz$
w(z) is the potential of mean force of the solute along the transmembrane axes, z. D(z) is the diffusion coefficient profile. The interval [L,-L] spans the membrane.

## Derivation

The solubility diffusion model can be derived from the Nernst-Planck equation,
    $J(z)=-D(z){\frac {{\textrm {d}}C(z)}{{\textrm {d}}z}}-C(z)D(z){\frac {{\textrm {d}}\left(w(z)/k_{B}T\right)}{{\textrm {d}}z}}$
In this equation, J(z) is the flux of the solute through the membrane at the depth z . C(z) is the concentration of the solute. w(z) and D(z) are the potential of mean force and diffusivity, respectively.

## References

* ↑ Marrink, Siewert-Jan; Berendsen, Herman J. C. (1994). "Simulation of water transport through a lipid membrane". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 98 (15): 4155–68. doi:10.1021/j100066a040.
* ↑ Awoonor-Williams, Ernest; Rowley, Christopher N. (2016). "Molecular simulation of nonfacilitated membrane permeation". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1858 (7): 1672–87. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.014.
# Molecular Simulation/Induced Polarization

When a molecule is exposed to an electric field ɛ, electron density is polarized away from the nuclei. A dipole is thus created due to the asymmetric distribution of electron density. The induced molecular dipole created is proportional to the strength of the electric field (ɛ) as well as the polarizability of the molecule, α.
Polarizability allows us to better understand the interactions that occur between non polar atoms and molecules and other electrically charged species. In general, polarizability correlates with the interaction between electrons and the nucleus.

## Units of Polarizability

Dimensional analysis of induced polarization.
$\mu _{ind}=\alpha \epsilon$
$\alpha ={\frac {\mu _{ind}}{\epsilon }}$
$\alpha ={\frac {Cm}{Vm^{-1}}}$
$\alpha =(\mathrm {C} \cdot \mathrm {m} ^{2}\cdot \mathrm {V} ^{-1})$
For convenience we will let:
$\alpha ^{'}={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}\alpha$
$\alpha ^{'}={\frac {1}{CV^{-1}m^{-1}}}(\mathrm {C} \cdot \mathrm {m} ^{2}\cdot \mathrm {V} ^{-1})=m^{3}$
Polarizability has units of volume, which roughly correspond to the molecular volume. A large polarizability corresponds to a "soft" cloud of electron density, which is easily distorted by electric field.

## Polarizability in Intermolecular Interactions

When we consider the effect that a charge (Q), has on a neutral atom at distance r, an induced dipole is created:
$\mu _{ind}=\alpha \epsilon =q\Delta r$
Where the electrostatic force is defined by:
$f=(charge)\times E$
Charge-induced dipole electrostatic force can be approximated by the electrostatic force between $Q$ and $q^{-}$ minus the force between $Q$ and $q^{+}$.
$f\approx q\Delta r{\frac {d\epsilon }{dr}}$
Since the electric field at distance r from a point charge Q:
$\epsilon ={\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}r^{2}}}$
Take the derivative
${\frac {d\epsilon }{dr}}=-2{\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}r^{3}}}$
$\epsilon {\frac {d\epsilon }{dr}}=\left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}r^{3}}}\right)\left(-2{\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}r^{3}}}\right)$
$\epsilon {\frac {d\epsilon }{dr}}=-2\left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}}\right)^{2}{\frac {1}{r^{5}}}$
Therefore:
$f=\alpha \epsilon {\frac {d\epsilon }{dr}}$
$f=-2\alpha \left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}}\right)^{2}{\frac {1}{r^{5}}}$
We can thus get the intermolecular potential by integrating this force over r:
${\mathcal {V}}(r)=-\int _{\infty }^{r}f(r)dr$
${\mathcal {V}}(r)=\int _{\infty }^{r}-2\alpha \left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}}\right)^{2}{\frac {1}{r^{5}}}dr=-{\frac {\alpha }{2}}\left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \epsilon _{0}}}\right)^{2}{\frac {1}{r^{4}}}$