# Na’vi–English

Confirmed Naʼvi words and affixes are listed here in alphabetical order. Ä, ì, rr, ll, ng (= g), ts (= c), kx, px, tx are ordered as distinct letters from a, i, r, l, n, t, k, p, t. Frommer's preferred orthography, with g for ng and c for ts, is included in parentheses to allow electronic searches. Stress is indicated in IPA transcription: The stress mark ‹ ˈ › appears before the stressed syllable, and syllable breaks are marked with a dot. Prefixes and adpositions which cause lenition are marked with a plus sign, ay+, −ro+. Infix slots of verbs are marked in italics by raised dots (•). Many of these slots are theoretical rather than attested. Stem-changing words (short plurals, verbal contractions, genitives) are included; many short plurals are assumed rather than attested.
Underlying /n/ is spelled 'm' before 'p' in compound words, as in txampay (txan-pay) "sea". However, before 'k' it is spelled 'n', as in zenke (zene-ke) "not need to", despite the fact that it is pronounced /ŋ/ and that this sound is spelled 'ng' before 'k' within a root such as pängkxo "chat".
The vocabulary can be greatly expanded through productive use of Naʼvi's word-building affixes, but such forms have not been included here unless they are attested in print or email from Paul Frommer.

## Abbreviations

    attr. attributive forms
    du. dual form
    infix infix positions
    tri. trial form
    pl. plural forms
    Parts of speech and classes of affix:
       ADJ. adjective
       ADP. adposition (functions as preposition and suffix)
       ADV. adverb
       AFF. affix (functions as prefix and suffix)
       CONJ. conjunction
       INF. infix
       INTJ. interjection
       MIM. mimesis
       N. noun
          N.PL. plural noun
       PART. particle
       PREP. preposition
       PN. pronoun
       PREF. prefix
       SUFF. suffix
       V. verb
          V.DAT. dative verb (takes intransitive and dative arguments, like lu 'have')
          V.DI. ditransitive verb (takes ergative, accusative, and dative arguments, like tìng 'give')
          V.IN. intransitive verb (takes intransitive argument only, like lu 'be')
          V.TR. transitive verb (takes ergative and accusative arguments, like tse'a 'see')

## Glottal series

Following are Na’vi words starting with the glottal lenition series of consonants: ’ (glottal stop) and the vowels A, Ä, E, I, Ì, O, U

## ʼ

ʼampi v.tr. /ˈʔam.pi/, infix ʼ•amp•i $^{[.]}$
    touch
    ʼampirikx n. /ˈʔam.pi.ɾikʼ/ $^{[FE]}$ leaf pitcher plant (rikx move)
ʼango (ʼago) adj. /ˈʔa.ŋo/, attr. ʼangoa N. aʼango $^{[.]}$
    soft (of a sound)
ʼangtsìk (ʼagcìk) n. /ˈʔaŋ.tsɪk/, pl. angtsìk $^{[.]}$
    Hammerhead Titanothere (a rhino-like animal)
ʼaw num. /ˈʔau̯/, attr. ʼawa N. aʼaw $^{[.]}$
    one
    ʼawlie adv. /ʔau̯.ˈli.ɛ/ $^{[.]}$ once (in the past)
    ʼawlo adv. /ˈʔau̯.lo/ $^{[FE]}$ once, one time (now or in the future) (alo a turn)
    ʼawpo pn. /ˈʔau̯.po/, pl. awpo? $^{[.]}$ an individual
       tìʼawpo n. /tɪ.ˈʔau̯.po/ $^{[.]}$ individuality, self-centeredness, selfishness
    ʼawsiteng (ʼawsiteg) adv. /ʔau̯.si.ˈtɛŋ/ $^{[.]}$ together
       ʼawstengyem (ʼawstegyem) v.tr. /ʔau̯.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm/, infix ʼawstengy••em $^{[.]}$ join (yem put)
    ʼawve adj. /ˈʔau̯.vɛ/, attr. ʼawvea N. aʼawve $^{[.]}$ first
       nìʼawve adv. /nɪ.ˈʔau̯.vɛ/ $^{[.]}$ first
       trrʼawve n, adv. /tr̩.ˈʔau̯.vɛ/ $^{[.]}$ Sunday
    keʼaw adj. /kɛ.ˈʔau̯/, attr. keʼawa N. akeʼaw $^{[FE]}$ divided
       kaw− pref. /ˈkau̯/ $^{[.]}$ no- (see kaw-)
    nìʼaw adv. /nɪ.ˈʔau̯/ $^{[.]}$ only
       nìʼawtu adv. /nɪ.ˈʔau̯.tu/ $^{[.]}$ alone ("as one person")
    volaw num. /vo.ˈlau̯/, attr. volawa N. avolaw $^{[.]}$ nine (octal 11)
ʼawkx n. /ˈʔau̯kʼ/, pl. awkx $^{[.]}$
    cliff
ʼawm n. /ˈʔau̯m/, pl. awm $^{[.]}$
    camp
    tìʼawm n. /tɪ.ˈʔau̯m/ $^{[.]}$ camping
       tìʼawm si v. /tɪ.ˈʔau̯m si/, infix tìʼawm s••i $^{[.]}$ to camp
ʼäʼo n. /ˈʔæ.ʔo/, pl. äʼo $^{[FE]}$
    pitcher plant
ʼänsyem adj. /ʔæn.ˈsjɛm/, attr. ʼänsyema N. aʼänsyem $^{[.]}$
    whole, complete
ʼärìp v.tr. /ˈʔæ.ɾɪp/, infix ʼ•är•ìp $^{[.]}$
    move (cf. rikx)
    käʼärìp v.tr. /kæ.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp/ $^{[.]}$ push
    zaʼärìp v.tr. /za.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp/ $^{[.]}$ pull
ʼeʼal adj. /ˈʔɛ.ʔal/, attr. ʼeʼala N. aʼeʼal $^{[.]}$
    worst
ʼefu v. /ˈʔɛ.fu/, infix ʼ•ef•u $^{[.]}$
    perceive, sense, feel
    oe ʼefu som /ˈo.ɛ.ˈʔɛ.fu.ˈsom/ $^{[FE]}$ I am hot
    ʼefu nitram /ˈʔɛ.fu.nit.ˈɾam/ $^{[FE]}$ be happy"
    ʼefu ohakx /ˈʔɛ.fu.o.ˈhakʼ/ $^{[.]}$ be hungry
    tìʼefu n. /tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu/, pl. sìʼefu $^{[.]}$ feeling
       tìʼefumì oeyä /tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu.mɪ.ˈwɛ.jæ/ $^{[.]}$ in my opinion
ʼeko v. /ˈʔɛ.ko/, infix ʼ•ek•o $^{[.]}$
    attack
ʼekong (ʼekog) n. /ˈʔɛ.koŋ/, pl. ekong $^{[.]}$
    beat
    ʼekong teʼlanä /ˈʔɛ.koŋ tɛʔ.ˈla.næ/ the beat of the hearts
ʼel...
    ʼeleʼwll n. /ˈʔɛ.lɛʔ.wl̩/, pl. eleʼwll $^{[FE]}$ thorny paw plant (ʼewll plant)
ʼem v. /ˈʔɛm/, infix ʼ••em $^{[.]}$
    cook
ʼengeng (ʼegeg) adj. /ˈʔɛŋ.ɛŋ/, attr. ʼengenga N. aʼengeng $^{[.]}$
    even, level
    reyʼeng n. /ɾɛi̯.ˈʔɛŋ/ $^{[.]}$ balance of life
ʼeoio adj. /ˈʔɛ.o.i.o/, attr. ʼeoioa N. aʼeoio $^{[F]}$
    ceremonious
    nìʼeoio adv. /nɪ.ˈʔɛ.o.i.o/ $^{[F]}$ ceremoniously
ʼeveng (ʼeveg) n. /ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ/, du. meveng, tri. pxeveng, pl. eveng, ayeveng $^{[.]}$
    a child
    ʼevi n. /ˈʔɛ.vi/, du. mevi, tri. pxevi, pl. evi, ayevi $^{[.]}$ kid (affectionate form of ʼeveng)
       −vi suff. /vi/ $^{[FE]}$ (suffix for the product/spawn of something larger)
ʼewan adj. /ˈʔɛ.wan/, attr. ʼewana N. aʼewan $^{[.]}$
    young
ʼewll n. /ˈʔɛ.wl̩/, pl. ewll $^{[.]}$
    plant
    −wll suff. /wl̩/ (suffix in various plant names)
       prrwll n. /ˈpr̩.wl̩/, pl. frrwll? $^{[.]}$ moss
ʼeylan n. /ˈʔɛi̯.lan/, du. meylan, tri. pxeylan, pl. eylan, ayeylan $^{[.]}$
    friend
    tìʼeylan n. /tɪ.ˈʔɛi̯.lan/ $^{[.]}$ friendship
ʼeyng (ʼeyg) v. /ˈʔɛi̯ŋ/, infix ʼ••eyng $^{[.]}$
    respond, to answer
    nìʼeyng (nìʼeyg) adv. /nɪ.ˈʔɛi̯ŋ/ $^{[.]}$ in answer, in response
    tìʼeyng (tìʼeyg) n. /tɪ.ˈʔɛi̯ŋ/, pl. sìʼeyng $^{[.]}$ an answer, a response
ʼiʼa v. /ˈʔiʔ.a/, infix ʼ•iʼ•a $^{[.]}$
    end, conclude
    tìʼiʼa n. /tɪ.ˈʔiʔ.a/, pl. sìʼiʼa $^{[FE]}$ (the) end
       tìʼiʼavay krrä /tɪ.ˈʔiʔ.a.vai̯ ˈkr̩.æ/ $^{[FE]}$ forever, until the end of time
ʼia v. /ˈʔi.a/, infix ʼ•i•a $^{[.]}$
    become absorbed, lose oneself
ʼit n. /ˈʔit/, pl. it $^{[.]}$
    a bit, a small amount
    ʼitan n. /ˈʔi.tan/, pl. itan $^{[.]}$ son
    ʼite n. /ˈʔi.tɛ/, pl. ite $^{[.]}$ daughter
    kawʼit adv. /kau̯.ˈʔit/ $^{[.]}$ not a bit, not at all
    nìʼit adv. /nɪ.ˈʔit/ $^{[.]}$ (do) a little, a bit
ʼìʼawn v. /ʔɪ.ˈʔau̯n/, infix ʼ•ìʼ•awn $^{[.]}$
    remain, stay
ʼìheyu n. /ʔɪ.ˈhɛ.ju/, pl. ìheyu $^{[.]}$
    spiral
       ìheyu sìreyä /ɪ.hɛ.ju sɪ.ɾɛ.jæ/ the spiral of lives
ʼìnglìsì (ʼìglìsì) n. /ˈʔɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ/ $^{[.]}$
    the English language
    nìʼìnglìsì (nìʼìglìsì) adv. /nɪ.ˈʔɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ/ in English
ʼok n. /ˈʔok/, pl. ok $^{[.]}$
    remembrance, memory
ʼong (ʼog) v.in. /ˈʔoŋ/, infix ʼ••ong $^{[.]}$
    unfold, blossom
ʼopin n. /ˈʔo.pin/, pl. opin $^{[.]}$
    color
ʼora n. /ˈʔo.ɾa/, pl. ora $^{[.]}$
    lake
ʼRrta n. /ˈʔr̩.ta/ $^{[.]}$
    Earth
    Trr ʼRrtayä n. /tr̩.ˈʔr̩.ta.jæ/ $^{[FE]}$
ʼu n. /ˈʔu/, pl. ayu $^{[.,FE]}$
    thing (abstract or concrete)
    ʼuo pn. /ˈʔu.o/ $^{[.]}$ something
    ʼupe, peu pn. /ˈʔu.pɛ, pɛ.ˈu/ $^{[.]}$ what (thing)
    fraʼu pn. /ˈfɾa.ʔu/ $^{[.]}$ everything
    keʼu pn. /ˈkɛ.ʔu/ $^{[.]}$ nothing, none
       keʼu adv. /ˈkɛ.ʔu/ $^{[.]}$ none at all, not at all
ʼul /ˈʔul/
    nìʼul adv. /nɪ.ˈʔul/ $^{[.]}$ more
       nulkrr adv. /nul.ˈkr̩/ $^{[.]}$ longer (time) (krr time)
       nulnew v. /nul.ˈnɛu̯/, infix nuln••ew $^{[.]}$ rather, prefer (new to want)
ʼupxare n. /ʔu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ/, pl. upxare $^{[.]}$
    message

## A

a conj. /a/ $^{[.]}$
    which, that, who (relativizer and subordinator)
    −a− aff. /a/ $^{[.]}$ (links adjectives to nouns)
    alìm adv. /a.ˈlɪm/ $^{[.]}$ far away, at a distance (irregular from lìm be far)
    asim adv. /a.ˈsim/ $^{[.]}$ nearby, at close range (irregular sim be near)
Akwey n. /ak.ˈwɛi̯/ $^{[FE]}$
    (male name)
alaksi adj. /a.ˈlak.sɪ/, attr. alaksia N. alaksi $^{[.]}$
    ready
alìm adv. /a.ˈlɪm/ $^{[.]}$ far away, at a distance (lìm be far)
    ʼÌʼawn alìm! /ʔɪ.ˈʔau̯.na.ˈlɪm/ $^{[FE]}$ "Stay back!"
‹alm› inf. /al.m/
    compound past.pfv infix (in medial TAM position)
alo n. /a.ˈlo/ $^{[.]}$
    turn, instance, number of times
    alo oeyä /a.ˈlo ˈwɛ.jæ/ my turn
    fralo adv. /ˈfɾa.lo/ each time, every time
    ʼawlo adv. /ˈʔau̯.lo/ $^{[.]}$ once
    alo aʼaw (nìʼaw) /a.ˈlo.a.ˈʔau̯.nɪ.ˈʔau̯/ $^{[FE]}$ (just) one time
    melo adv. /ˈmɛ.lo/ $^{[.]}$ twice
    pxelo adv. /ˈpʼɛ.lo/ $^{[FE]}$ thrice
    alo apxey /a.ˈlo.a.ˈpʼɛi̯/ $^{[FE]}$ three times
    alo atsìng, tsìnga alo /a.ˈlo.a.ˈtsɪŋ, ˈtsɪ.ŋa.ˈlo/ $^{[FE]}$ four times
    alo amrr, mrra alo /a.ˈlo.a.ˈmr, ˈmr̩.a.ˈlo/ $^{[FE]}$ five times
alunta conj. /a.ˈlun.ta/ $^{[FE]}$ because (lun reason; cf. talun(a))
‹aly› inf. /al.j/
    compound fut.pfv infix (in medial TAM position)
‹am› inf. /a.m/
    past infix (in medial TAM position)
Amhul n. /am.ˈhul/ $^{[FE]}$
    (female name)
ampirikx n.pl. /ˈam.pi.ɾikʼ/
    Short plural of ʼampirikx. leaf pitcher plant
anìheyu n. /a.nɪ.ˈhɛ.ju/ $^{[FE]}$
    fibonacci plant (ʼìheyu spiral)
angtsìk (agcìk) n.pl. /aŋ.tsɪk/
    Short plural of ʼangtsìk. Hammerhead
apxa adj. /a.ˈpʼa/, attr. apxa N. apxa $^{[.]}$
    large
    apxangrr (apxagrr) n. /a.ˈpʼa. ŋr̩/ $^{[FE]}$ delta tree (ngrr root)
       tsawlapxangrr (cawlapxagrr) n. /ˈtsau̯.la.pʼa.ŋr̩/, pl. sawlapxangrr $^{[FE]}$ unidelta tree (tsawl tall)
‹arm› inf. /aɾ.m/
    compound past.ipfv infix (in medial TAM position)
‹ary› inf. /aɾ.j/
    compound fut.ipfv infix (in medial TAM position)
asim adv. /a.ˈsim/ $^{[.]}$ nearby, at close range (sim be near)
‹asy› inf. /a.sj/
    compound fut.intent infix (in medial TAM position)
atan n. /a.ˈtan/ $^{[.]}$
    light (source of illumination)
Ateyo n. /a.ˈtɛ.jo/ $^{[FE]}$
    (male name)
    Ateyitan n. /?/ "son of Ateyo" [to confirm]
atoki n.
    atokirinaʼ n. /a.to.ki.ˈɾi.naʔ/ $^{[.]}$ seeds of the great tree (rinaʼ "seed")
atxkxe n. /atʼ.ˈkʼɛ/ $^{[.]}$
    land
‹ats› (ac) inf. /a.ts/
    evid infix (affect; added to final syllable)
au n. /ˈa.u/ $^{[.]}$
    drum (made of skin)
au! intj. /a.ˈu/ $^{[.]}$
    no, it can't be! (expresses consternation)
aungia n. /a.ˈu.ŋi.a/ $^{[.]}$
    sign, omen
awaiei n. /a.wa.i.ˈɛ.i/ $^{[FE]}$
    banshee of paradise plant
aweykta conj. /a.ˈwɛi̯k.ta/ $^{[FE]}$ because (oeyk cause; cf. taweyk(a))
awkx n.pl. /ˈau̯kʼ/
    Short plural of ʼawkx. cliff
awm n.pl. /ˈau̯m/
    Short plural of ʼawm. camps
‹awn› inf. /au̯.n/
    pass infix (in initial valency position)
awnga (awga) pn. /au̯.ˈŋa/ $^{[FE]}$
    we (including you); alt. for ayoeng
    dat awngaru, awngar pn. /au̯.ˈŋa.ɾu, au̯.ˈŋaɾ/ $^{[FE]}$
    gen awngeyä pn. /au̯.ˈŋɛ.jæ/ $^{[FE]}$
‹ay› inf. /a.j/
    fut infix (in medial TAM position)
ay+ pref. /ai̯/ $^{[FM]}$
    (plural prefix) (causes lenition)
    ayfo pn. /ai̯.ˈfo, ˈai̯.fo/ $^{[.]}$ they (= fo)
    aylaru pn. /ai̯.ˈla.ɾu/ $^{[.]}$ to the others
    aynga (ayga) pn. /ai̯.ˈŋa/ $^{[.]}$ you all
    ayoe pn. /ai̯.ˈo.ɛ/ $^{[.]}$ we (exclusive)
    ayoeng (ayoeg) pn. /ai̯.ˈwɛŋ/ $^{[.]}$ we (inclusive)
       nìayoeng (nìayoeg) pn. /nai̯.ˈwɛŋ/ $^{[.]}$ like us (inclusive)

## Ä

−ä suff. /æ/
    Form of gen −yä. after a consonant and the vowels i, u, o.
äʼo n.pl. /ˈæ.ʔo/
    Short plural of ʼäʼo. pitcher plant
äie n. /æ.ˈi.ɛ/ $^{[.]}$
    a vision
Änsìt n. /ˈæn.sɪt/ $^{[FE]}$
    (male name)
‹äng› (äg) inf. /æ.ŋ/
    pej infix (affect; added to final syllable)
−äo− adp. /ˈæ.o/ $^{[.]}$
    below
‹äp› inf. /æ.p/
    refl infix (in initial valency position)
ätxäle n. /æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ/ $^{[.]}$
    a request
    ätxäle si v. /æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ.si/, infix ätxäle s••i to (make a) request

## E

ean adj. /ˈɛ.an/, attr. eana N. aean $^{[.]}$
    blue, green
    nìean adv. /nɪ.ˈɛ.an/ in blue
    eanean n. /ˈɛ.an.ˈɛ.an/ $^{[FE]}$ cheadle plant
‹ei› inf. /ɛ.i./
    approb infix (affect; added to final syllable)
ekong n.pl. /ˈɛ.koŋ/
    Short plural of ʼekong. beat
ekxan n. /ɛ.ˈkʼan/ $^{[.]}$
    obstruction, barrier, baricade
eleʼwll n.pl. /ˈɛ.lɛʔ.wl̩/
    Short plural of ʼeleʼwll. thorny paw plant
eltu n. /ˈɛl.tu/ $^{[.]}$
    a brain
    eltu si v. /ˈɛl.tu si/, infix eltu s••i $^{[.]}$ pay attention, quit goofing off
    eltungawng n. /ˈɛl.tu.ŋau̯ŋ/ $^{[.]}$ brainworm (hallucinogenic)
    eltu lefngap n. /ɛl.tu.lɛ.ˈfŋap/ $^{[.]}$ computer
emzaʼu v. /ɛm.ˈza.ʔu/, infix emz•aʼ•u $^{[.]}$
    to pass (a test for initiation) (= em "over" + zaʼu "come")
Entu n. /ˈɛn.tu/ $^{[FE]}$
    (male name)
−eo− adp. /ˈɛ.o/ $^{[.]}$
    in front of
‹er› inf. /ɛ.ɾ/
    ipfv infix (in medial TAM position)
etrìp adj. /ˈɛt.ɾɪp/, attr. etrìpa N. aetrìp $^{[.]}$
    auspicious, favourable
eveng (eveg) n.pl. /ˈɛ.vɛŋ/
    Short plural of ʼeveng. child
    evi n.pl. /ˈɛ.vi/ Short plural of ʼevi. kid
ewll n.pl. /ˈɛ.wl̩/
    Short plural of ʼewll. plant
eyawr adj. /ɛi̯.ˈau̯ɾ/, attr. eyawra N. aeyawr $^{[.]}$
    right, correct [check syll]
    keyawr adj. /kɛ.ˈjau̯ɾ/, attr. keyawra N. akeyawr $^{[.]}$ wrong, incorrect [syll differs]
    tìyawr n. /tɪ.ˈjau̯ɾ/ $^{[.]}$ correctness, being correct
       ngaru tìyawr $^{[.]}$ you're right
eyaye n. /ɛ.ˈja.jɛ/ $^{[FE]}$
    warbonnet fern
‹eyk› inf. /ɛi̯.k/
    caus infix (in initial valency position)
eyk v. /ˈɛi̯k/, infix ••eyk $^{[.]}$
    lead
    eyktan n. /ˈɛi̯k.tan/ $^{[.]}$ leader
eylan n.pl. /ˈɛi̯.lan/
    Short plural of ʼeylan. friend
Eytukan n. /ˈɛi̯.tu.kan/ $^{[FE]}$
    (male name)
Eywa n. /ˈɛi̯.wa/ $^{[.]}$
    Pandoran "World spirit" and Naʼvi deity, equivalent to Gaea
    Eywa ngahu /ˈɛi̯.wa ˈŋa.hu/ $^{[.]}$ good-bye (lit. "Eywa (be) with you")
    Eywaʼeveng (Eywaʼeveg) n. /ˌɛi̯.wa.ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ/ $^{[.]}$ Pandora (the Naʼvi world)

## I

iʼen n. /ˈi.ʔɛn/ $^{[.]}$
    stringed instrument
Iknimaya n. /ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja/ $^{[.]}$
    Hallelujah Mountains (Thundering rocks, Stairway to Heaven (floating mountains))
ikran n. /ˈik.ɾan/ $^{[.]}$
    Mountain Banshee (a pterosaur-like animal)
‹ilv› inf. /il.v/
    compound pfv.sjv infix (in medial TAM position)
‹imv› inf. /im.v/
    compound past.sjv infix (in medial TAM position)
−io− adp. /ˈi.o/ $^{[.]}$
    above
ioang (ioag) n. /i.ˈo.aŋ/ $^{[.]}$
    animal, beast
    hìʼang n. /ˈhɪ.ʔaŋ/ $^{[.]}$ bug (hìʼi little)
    payoang (payoag) n. /pai̯.ˈo.aŋ/, pl. fayoang $^{[.]}$ fish (pay water)
    talioang (talioag) n. /ˈtal.i.o.aŋ/, pl. salioang $^{[.]}$ sturmbeest
    yayo n. /ˈja.jo/ $^{[.]}$ bird (ya air)
irayo part. /i.ˈɾa.jo/ $^{[.]}$
    thank you
    ireiyo part. /i.ˈɾɛ.i.jo/ (Jake's pronunciation in the film) thank you
    irayo si v. /i.ˈɾa.jo si/, infix irayo s••i $^{[FE]}$ thank
       oe ngaru seiyi irayo /ˈo.ɛ ˈŋa.ɾu sɛ.i.ˈji i.ˈɾa.jo/ I thank you
‹irv› inf. /iɾ.v/
    compound ipfv.sjv infix (in medial TAM position)
−it suff. /it/
    acc case suffix, reduced to −t after a vowel. Also invariable −ti.
it n.pl. /ˈit/
    Short plural of ʼit. bit
    itan n.pl. /ˈi.tan/ Short plural of ʼitan. son
    ite n.pl. /ˈi.tɛ/ Short plural of ʼite. daughter
‹iv› inf. /i.v/
    sjv infix (in medial TAM position)
‹iyev› inf. /i.jɛ.v/
    compound fut.sjv infix (in medial TAM position)

## Ì

ìheyu n.pl. /ɪ.hɛ.ju/
    Short plural of ʼìheyu. spiral
−ìl suff. /ɪl/
    erg case suffix, reduced to −l after a vowel
−ìlä+ adp. /ˈɪ.læ, ɪ.ˈlæ/ $^{[.]}$
    along, via, following
    −kxamlä− adp. /ˈkʼam.læ/ $^{[.]}$ through (via the kxam middle)
ìley! intj. /ɪ.ˈlɛi̯/ $^{[.]}$
    alala! (battle cry)
‹ìlm› inf. /ɪl.m/
    compound rec.pfv infix (in medial TAM position)
‹ìly› inf. /ɪl.j/
    compound imm.pfv infix (in medial TAM position)
‹ìm› inf. /ɪ.m/
    rec past infix (in medial TAM position)
‹ìmìy› inf. /ɪ.mɪ.j/
    compound rec.imm infix (in medial TAM position)
−ìri suff. /ɪ.ɾi/
    top case suffix, reduced to −ri after a vowel
‹ìrm› inf. /ɪɾ.m/
    compound rec.ipfv infix (in medial TAM position)
‹ìry› inf. /ɪɾ.j/
    compound imm.ipfv infix (in medial TAM position)
Ìstaw n. /ɪ.ˈstau̯/ $^{[FE]}$
    (male name)
‹ìsy› inf. /ɪ.sj/
    compound imm.intent infix (in medial TAM position)
‹ìy› inf. /ɪ.j/
    imm future infix (in medial TAM position)
‹ìyev› inf. /ɪ.jɛ.v/
    Alternate of iyev.

## O

−o suff. /o/
    (indefinite suffix)
       lu ketuwongo nìʼaw $^{[FE]}$ "it's just some alien"
       ayupxareo $^{[FE]}$ "some messages"
    ʼuo pn. /ˈʔu.o/ $^{[.]}$ something
    tuteo pn. /ˈtu.tɛ.o/ $^{[.]}$ somebody
    tsengo (cego) adv. /ˈtsɛ.ŋo/ $^{[.]}$ somewhere
    trro adv. /ˈtr̩.o/ $^{[FE]}$ one day, some day
    ? oeyk n. /o.ˈɛi̯k/ $^{[.]}$ cause
oe pn. /ˈo.ɛ/, du. moe, tri. pxoe, pl. ayoe $^{[.,FE]}$ /ˈmo.ɛ, ˈpʼo.ɛ, ai̯.ˈo.ɛ/ [stress trial? syll. pl?]
    I, we (but not you)
       erg oel pn. /ˈwɛl/, du. moel, tri. pxoel, pl. ayoel /ˈmo.ɛl, ˈpʼo.ɛl, ai̯.ˈwɛl/
       acc oeti pn. /ˈwɛ.ti/, du. moeti, tri. pxoeti, pl. ayoeti /ˈmo.ɛ.ti, ˈpʼo.ɛ.ti, ai̯.ˈwɛ.ti/
       gen oeyä pn. /ˈwɛ.jæ/, du. moeyä, tri. pxoeyä, pl. ayoeyä /ˈmo.ɛ.jæ, ˈpʼo.ɛ.jæ, ai̯.ˈwɛ.jæ/
       dat1 oeru pn. /ˈwɛ.ɾu/, du. moeru, tri. pxoeru, pl. ayoeru /ˈmo.ɛ.ɾu, ˈpʼo.ɛ.ɾu, ai̯.ˈwɛ.ɾu/
       dat2 oer pn. /ˈwɛɾ/, du. moer, tri. pxoer, pl. ayoer /ˈmo.ɛɾ, ˈpʼo.ɛɾ, ai̯.ˈwɛɾ/
       top oeri pn. /ˈwɛ.ɾi/, du. moeri, tri. pxoeri, pl. ayoeri /ˈmo.ɛ.ɾi, ˈpʼo.ɛ.ɾi, ai̯.ˈwɛ.ɾi/
       oehu pn. /ˈwɛ.hu/? with me
    oeng (oeg) pn. /ˈwɛŋ/, tri. pxoeng, pl. ayoeng $^{[.,FE]}$ /ˈpʼo.ɛŋ, ai̯.ˈwɛŋ/ [stress trial?]
       we two (you and I), all of us
          erg oengal pn. /wɛ.ŋal/ [stress?]
          acc1 oengat pn. /wɛ.ŋat/ [stress?]
          acc2 oengati pn. /wɛ.ŋa.ti/ [stress?]
          gen oengeyä pn. /wɛ.ŋɛ.jæ/ [confirm form]
       nìayoeng (nìayoeg) adv. /nai̯.ˈwɛŋ/ $^{[.]}$ like us
    awnga (awga) pn. /au̯.ˈŋa/ $^{[FE]}$ we (you and us: alt. for ayoeng)
    ohe pn. /ˈo.hɛ/, du. mohe, tri. pxohe, pl. ayohe $^{[.,FE]}$ /ˈmo.hɛ, ˈpʼo.hɛ, ai̯.ˈo.hɛ/
       I (deferential or ceremonial form)
    ohe ngengasì (ohe gegasì) pn. /ˈo.hɛ ŋɛ.ˈŋa.sɪ/ $^{[FE]}$ we two (inclusive & formal)
       gen ohengeyä (ohegeyä) /o.hɛ.ŋɛ.jæ/ our (inclusive dual & formal) [stress?]
oeyk n. /o.ˈɛi̯k/ $^{[.]}$
    cause (eyk to lead)
    oeyktìng (oeyktìg) v. /o.ˈɛi̯k.tɪŋ/, infix oeykt••ìng $^{[.]}$ explain, say why
       tìoeyktìng (tìoeyktìg) n. /tɪ.o.ˈɛi̯k.tɪŋ, tɪ.ˈwɛi̯k.tɪŋ/, pl. sìoeyktìg $^{[FE]}$ explanation
    taweyka, taweyk conj. /ta.ˈwɛi̯.ka, ta.ˈwɛi̯k/ $^{[.]}$ because (English clause order)
    aweykta conj. /a.ˈwɛi̯k.ta/ $^{[FE]}$ because (opposite clause order)
ohakx adj. /o.ˈhakʼ/, attr. ohakxa N. aohakx $^{[.]}$
    hungry
    tìohakx n. /tɪ.o.ˈhakʼ/ $^{[.]}$ hunger
    ʼefu ohakx /ˈʔɛ.fu.o.ˈhakʼ/ $^{[.]}$ be hungry
oìsss! intj. /o.ˈɪsː/ $^{[.]}$
    (hiss, snarl; expresses anger)
ok n.pl. /ˈok/
    Short plural of ʼok. memory
‹ol› inf. /o.l/
    pfv infix (in medial TAM position)
oloʼ n. /o.ˈloʔ/ $^{[.]}$
    clan
    oloʼeyktan n. /o.lo.ˈʔɛi̯k.tan/ $^{[.]}$ clan leader
Omatikaya n. /o.ma.ti.ˈka.ja/ $^{[F]}$
    the Blue Flute Clan
    gen Omatikayaä /o.ma.ti.ˈka.ja.æ/ $^{[FE]}$ (irregular)
omum v. /ˈo.mum/, infix •om•um $^{[.]}$
    know
    nìawnomum adv. /nɪ.au̯.ˈno.mum/ $^{[.]}$ as is known
ontu n. /ˈon.tu/ $^{[.]}$
    nose
opin n.pl. /ˈo.pin/
    Short plural of ʼopin. color
ora n.pl. /ˈo.ɾa/
    Short plural of ʼora. lake
Otranyu n. /ot.ˈɾan.ju/ $^{[FE]}$
    (clan name)

## U

ukxo adj. /u.ˈkʼo/, attr. ukxoa N. aukxo $^{[.]}$
    dry
ulte conj. /ˈul.tɛ/ $^{[.]}$
    and (joins clauses)
ultxa n. /ul.ˈtʼa/ $^{[.]}$
    meeting
    ultxa si v. /ul.ˈtʼa.si/, infix ultxa s••i $^{[FE]}$ meet, have a meeting (use hu for 'with')
    ultxarun v. /ul.ˈtʼa.ɾun/, infix ultxar••un $^{[FE]}$ encounter, meet (by chance; run find)
unil n. /ˈu.nil/ $^{[.]}$
    dream
    uniltaron n. /ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon/ $^{[.]}$ Dream Hunt (initiation ceremony)
    uniltìrantokx n. /ˈu.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ/ $^{[.]}$ an avatar (dreamwalker body) (tìran to walk, tokx body)
    uniltìranyu n. /ˈu.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju/ $^{[.]}$ dreamwalker
−uo− adp. /ˈu.o/ $^{[.]}$
    behind
upxare n.pl. /u.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ/
    Short plural of ʼupxare. message
−ur suff. /uɾ/
    dat case suffix, from *−uru; reduced to −ru (and frequently shortened to −r) after a vowel
‹us› inf. /u.s/
    actv infix (in initial valency position)
utral n. /ˈut.ɾal/ $^{[.]}$
    tree
    −ut suff. /ut/ $^{[SG]}$ (suffix in various tree names)
    Utral Aymokriyä n. /ˈut.ɾal ai̯.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ/ $^{[.]}$ Tree of Voices (mokri voice)
    Vitrautral n. /vit.ˈɾa.ut.ɾal/ $^{[.]}$ the Tree of Souls
uvan n. /u.ˈvan/ $^{[.]}$
    a game
    uvan si v. /u.ˈvan.si/, infix uvan s••i $^{[.]}$ play a game
‹uy› inf. /u.j/
    form infix (affect; added to final syllable)