OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Glossary of terms
## ADL

    Activities of Daily Living

## APM

    Active Physiological Movement

## BiPAP

    Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure

## CABG

    (pronounced cabbage) – Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

## CF

    Cystic fibrosis

## CPAP

    Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

## CPR

    Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation

## CVA

    Cerebro-vascular accident

## FH

    Family History

## ICU/ITU

    Intensive care unit

## OT

    Occupational Therapist/Therapy

## PAM

    Passive Accessory Movement

## PEP

    Positive Expiratory Pressure

## PMH

    Past medical history

## PPM

    Passive Physiological Movement

## PSH

    Past surgical history

## PT

    Physiotherapist/Physiotherapy/Physical therapist

## RA

    Rheumatoid arthritis

## SH

    Social history

## TIA

    Transient Ischaemic Attack
# Physiotherapy Assessment/Introduction

The assessment is probably the most important aspect of your work because without a good assessment, there is almost no way for you to get a handle on what's actually wrong with your patient. Many therapists will have many different ideas on what constitutes a good assessment and there are many different variations on what to do and when to do it.
This is an attempt to lay out a few basic principles of assessing patients. I'm going to use the ‘patient’ label because most of the people reading this book will probably be students who work in an acute hospital setting. I’ve also used the term ‘physiotherapist’ as opposed to ‘physical therapist’, the distinction being mainly a grammatical one with the United States using the latter and everyone else the former. Along the same lines, it may be important to note that physiotherapists are physical therapists who have respiratory therapy included in their training, while in the US, this is a separate profession.
You may find that the order of questions/techniques is different from what you've been shown before. You may find that I've left questions out, or included ones you've never seen. You should therefore bear in mind that this is only a guideline, something that you can use while you get comfortable with the idea of performing an assessment.
I was always told that in your subjective examination (interview), the answers you get should be used to initiate or guide the direction of the next question. It's not about learning the questions off by heart and then sitting down with a pen and saying, "Right, number one...” Your patient’s answers should be clues in your search for the cause of their pain or stiffness.
I've divided the book into several chapters, each focusing on a particular type of assessment. For example, Chapter 5 is a Respiratory assessment. I've divided them up for the sake of simplicity and ease of explanation. In reality there is no hard and fast dividing line for what type of assessment you'll use. In fact, you'll generally use a combination of all of them. Think about the 83 year old lady who's just had a stroke and also has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). You'll be doing a neurological assessment while taking note of her respiratory system, while possibly mentally scoring her on an Elderly Mobility Scale.
Note: While the subjective assessment is examined in detail in it's chapter, the objective assessment will be dealt with separately in each following chapter, as they will all be slightly different depending on the type of condition being assessed. Therefore each chapter after the subjective assessment will actually be an objective assessment of that type of condition i.e. the chapter on Respiratory assessments is actually a description of the objective assessment performed on a respiratory patient.
# Physics with Calculus/Thermodynamics/Entropy
## Definition

Entropy is a measure of how organised a system is. A system with low entropy is one with a organised, or unlikely configuration. For example: if you have a glass of water with average temperature 20 degrees, a low entropy state would be the top half 30 degrees and bottom half 10 degrees, whereas the highest entropy state is the entire glass 20 degrees.

## Mathematically

To quantify this, we find the total number of microstates(Ω); all the possible states the system could be in. For a coin: Ω = 2 (heads / tails), 2 coins: Ω = 4 (HH/HT/TH/TT), N coins: Ω = 2$^N$. If you have two systems with Ω$_1$ and Ω$_2$ microstates, Ω$_{total}$ = Ω$_1$Ω$_2$.
To apply this to a system of particles, use a volume V with N atoms. Classically, atoms can have an infinite number of states, making Ω infinite. But due to results from quantum physics, Ω is in fact finite. Given a total energy E and N atoms with mass m:
$\Omega ={\frac {c}{N!}}\left({\frac {V(2mE)^{3/2}}{h^{3}}}\right)^{N}$
c is a constant that depends on geometry.
h is Planck's constant.
A few notes here:
* It is possible to derive this from a pseudo-quantum argument, which says that there are only finite positions in the box equal to the volume divided by h$^3$ and number of possible momenta is the surface area of a hypersphere. But since these are both aphysical and irrelevant, I might as well just state the formula(learn quantum mechanics!).
* I put a constant in the formula, because we are mainly interested in how the number of states grow rather than the exact number.
* The N! is only for indistinguishable particles. This is another quantum effect that means nature can't tell two atoms of the same kind apart.
* The numbers that statistical mechanics works with are on the order of N = 10$^{27}$, so Ω is generally very, very big.
Entropy is defined as $S=k_{b}\ln(\Omega )$, where k$_b$ is Boltzmann's constant. So:
$S=k_{b}\ln \left({\frac {c}{N!}}\left({\frac {V(2mE)^{3/2}}{h^{3}}}\right)^{N}\right)=k_{b}(\ln c-\ln N!+N(\ln V+3/2\ln 2mE-3\ln h))$
Note: the units are fuddled in the last bit, it won't matter though. Stirling's approximation says for large N: $N!\sim N\ln(N)-N$. So:
$S=Nk_{b}(\ln(V)+{\frac {3}{2}}\ln(E)+D)$
Since the important part is the change, I put the constants into D(assuming particle conservation). Also, $E={\frac {1}{2}}fNk_{b}T$, so:
$\Delta S=Nk_{b}(\ln {\frac {V_{2}}{V_{1}}}+3/2\ln {\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}})$
$\Delta S=Nk_{b}\ln {\frac {V_{2}}{V_{1}}}$ at constant temperature.
$\Delta S=3/2Nk_{b}\ln {\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}$ at constant volume.
It is also useful to define temperature in terms of entropy:
$T={\frac {1}{\partial S \over \partial E}}={\frac {2E}{3Nk_{b}}}$
# Physiotherapy Assessment/General
## General information

You should bear in mind that there are many variables that can affect the outcome of your assessment. The following is a (by no means exhaustive) list of possible factors influencing the patient (and condition) at the time of the session:
* Time of day (are they tired after work or feeling fresh in the morning)
* Temperature (extremes of hot and cold affect pain and stiffness)
* Position (if sitting relieves their pain and they sit down for 20 minutes, it may have disappeared by the time you try to assess it)
* Demeanour (if you’re abrupt with them, they won’t be very open with you)
The list goes on and on and it’s something that you’ll probably only begin to take note of as you gain experience. For now, just be aware that there’s more to the overall picture than what the patient says. Try to take notice of their body language as well as their verbal replies.
It’s important to make the patient feel as comfortable and relaxed as possible, as this will have a direct bearing on how open they are in discussing the problem with you. Remember, you’re probably going to ask them to remove at least a few items of clothing and to get into positions that in any other circumstances would be highly inappropriate. Think carefully about what you’re saying, as while it may be technically correct to say to the patient, “Take off your pants and bend over” when assessing the range of lumbar flexion, it may not be socially acceptable.
Use the subjective assessment as a period in which to make the patient feel calm and to try and create an atmosphere of trust.
Your assessment will almost always fall into 2 categories; the subjective and objective assessment. The subjective assessment, or interview, is used to try and work out the nature and cause of the patient’s symptoms. A good clinician will be able to get a very good idea of what’s going on just by speaking to the patient. The objective assessment is used both to eliminate other possible causes as well as to verify the hypothesis formed during the interview.

### Personal details

Many outpatient settings will have their own forms for clinical notes. These differ greatly in layout but will always follow a similar sequence. The top of the form is usually reserved for the patient’s personal information, which is important to gather for the purposes of records. It usually consists of the following:
* Name and surname
* Date of birth
* Telephone number
* Address
* Date of referral
* Date of first appointment
* Referring doctor/consultant/physiotherapist
* There may be other information gathered, like medical chart number (if you're in a hospital setting), sex (‘male’ or ‘female’, not ‘often’), occupation and hobbies.
# Physics with Calculus/Thermodynamics/Intensive and Extensive Properties

Thermodynamic properties can be divided into two categories. Properties that are proportional to the size of the sample are extensive properties. Examples of extensive properties are number of molecules N, or moles n, sample mass m$_s$, volume V, internal energy U, and entropy S, among others. Extensive variables have definite values regardless of whether or not a sample is in a state of equilibrium.
Properties that are not proportional to the sample size are called intensive properties. Examples of intensive properties are pressure P, temperature T, density ρ, heat capacities C$_v$, C$_p$, and rms velocity v$_{rms}$. When a sample is in a state of equilibrium the values of all intensive properties will be uniform throughout the sample. However, when a sample undergoes a rapid transition from one equilibrium state to another, the value of intensive parameters can vary wildly from location to location and from instant to instant.
A quasistatic transition from one state to another is carried out gradually with intensive properties not varying from location to location. As the transition proceeds the intensive properties will change from their initial to their final values but the incremental changes are simultaneous at all locations in the sample. One can say that at each step along a quasistatic process, the sample is in equilibrium with itself.
Transitions are driven when the intensive parameters of the sample are not equal to those of the surroundings. An object at a low temperature exposed to a reservoir at a high temperature attempts to come to equilibrium by absorbing heat. A high pressure gas expands a piston against atmospheric pressure. A quasistatic process that is driven by only infinitesimal differences between the intensive parameters of the sample and surroundings is called a reversible process.
# Physics with Calculus/Thermodynamics/Pressure and Temperature

In its most basic and most conceptual form, pressure is force per unit area. Of course, we all have a basic intuition about what pressure is. However, it's a little more slippery to define rigorously because we could in principle have a different pressure at every point, then it's not really force per unit area on a macroscopic scale. Furthermore, what force and what area are we even talking about?
What we really mean is that if we draw a small closed surface (like a sphere) around some point in a fluid, then the pressure is the outward force from the fluid inside the surface divided by the area or the surface. Of course, the surface must be orientable (you can't draw a Klein bottle around it), but more importantly, as the surface you draw gets smaller (say you choose a sphere, then shrink the radius), the pressure calculated must get closer to a definite value. Of course, these are all mathematical subtleties, and there are many more, all of which may be ignored.
One thing you should realize is that for any given surface, the total force on it is the surface integral of the pressure. Equivalently, for a small surface (infinitesimal), the force is merely the pressure times the area.
Notice also that pressure cannot produce a shear force, only a normal force.
Now, imagine a small rectangular prism of fluid of dimensions dx, dy, dz. Let's look at the two opposite sides normal to the x axis, let's call them A, and A'. Now, we want to find out the total force on this cube from the fluid surrounding it. The total force in the x direction is the force on A' minus the force on A. The force on A is the pressure at A times the surface area, let's call it dy dz, so P(x) dy dz. The force on A' is not quite the same; if we take the linear approximation, which becomes exact as dx, dy, and dz become smaller, then it is
$P(x)\,dy\,dz+{\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}\,dx\,dy\,dz$. All the higher order terms can be neglected because when they are divided by dx dy dz, they will become zero.
The force in the x direction is then
${\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}}\,dx\,dy\,dz$.
Repeating the process for the other faces gives us
$d{\vec {F}}=\left({\frac {\partial P}{\partial x}},{\frac {\partial P}{\partial y}},{\frac {\partial P}{\partial z}}\right)\,dV$
Dividing through by dV (strictly speaking, we should be using delta's instead of d's, but you get the same result), and changing notation, we get
${\vec {F}}=\nabla P$
where ${\vec {F}}$ is force density.
# Physiotherapy Assessment/Contents
## Table of Contents

* Chapter 1 - Introduction
* Chapter 2 - General information
* Chapter 3 - Subjective assessment
* Chapter 4 - Respiratory
* Chapter 5 - Neurology
* Chapter 6 - Neuromusculoskeletal
* Chapter 7 - Paediatric
* Chapter 8 - Glossary
# Pinyin/Guanyin

Guanyin is the Goddess of Mercy. She is usually shown as female but sometimes shown as male. Her full name is Guanshiyin which means "Observing the Sounds (or cries) of the World."
Guānyīn shì Cíbēi Nǚshén; tōngcháng xiǎnshì wéi nǚxìng, yǒushí wéi nánxìng; quánmíng Guānshìyīn, yìsī shì “Guānchá Shìjiè de Shēngyīn (huò kūshēng).”
Many Buddhists agree that Guanyin came from the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. Before the arrival of Buddhism to China, Guanyin was shown as a male in India where she was known as Avalokitesvara. When Buddhism came into China and became popular, many Buddhists transformed Avalokitesvara into a female named Guanyin.
Hěnduō Fójiàotú rènwéi, Guānyīn yuánzì Avalokitesvara púsà. Fójiào chuánrù Zhōngguó qián, Guānyīn zài Yìndù yuánběn xiǎnshì wéi nánxìng, yuánmíng Avalokitesvara. Fójiào zài Zhōngguó liúxíng hòu, hěnduō Fójiàotú bǎ Avalokitesvara gǎiwéi nǚxìng, mìngmíng Guānyīn.
# Pinyin/Guesthouse

Search Pinyin guesthouse
# Pinyin/Guizhou

See also
# Pinyin/Guangzhou

Special:search/Guangzhou prefix:Pinyin/
Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province in southern China. It is situated in the Zhu Jiang Delta. Guangzhou has an area of 7,434.4km$^2$, with a population 14,080,500. Its GDP per capita is CNY111,333. It is the biggest city in Guangdong Province, and one of the Five National Central Cities. Guangzhou is an important national transportation center and trading port.
Guǎngzhōu shì ZG nánbù Guǎngdōng Shěng shěnghuì, wèiyú Zhū Jiāng Sānjiǎozhōu, miànjī 7434.4km$^2$, rénkǒu 1408'0500, rénjūn shōurù CNY11'1333. Guǎngzhōu shì Guǎngdōng Shěng zuìdà chéngshì, "Wuu'g Guójiā Zhōngxīn Chéngshì" zhīyī, shì zhòngyào d guójiā yùnshū zhōngxīn hé màoyì gǎngkǒu.
# Pinyin/Guiyang

See also
Guiyang is the capital of Guizhou province. It is the political, economical, cultural, educational, transportational and tourism service center of Guizhou. It is a transportation and communication center of the southwest region in China linking Zhu Jiang Delta and Chang Jiang Delta. It is an eco-tourism city. It is an economically divided city. Guiyang is located in the central part of Guizhou, in the east of Yunan-Guizhou Plateau, and in the region where Chang Jiang basin and Zhu Jiang basin is diverged. The highest above sea level of Guiyang is 1,762m, and the lowest is 506m. It has an area of 8,046km2, with a population of 4,600,000+.
Guihyarng shih ZG Guihzhou Sheeng sheenghuih. ta shih Guihzhou zhehngzhih, jingjih, wernhuah, jiaohyuh, jiaotong her lvvyour furwuh d zhongxin. ta shih ZG xinarn dihqu goutong Zhu Jiang Sanjiaaozhou her Charng Jiang Sanjiaaozhou jiaotong tongxuhn d zhongxin. ta shih shengtaih lvvyour cherngshih. ta shih 1'g pirnfuhxuarnshu d cherngshih. Guihyarng weihyur Guihzhou zhongbuh, Yurnnarn-Guihzhou Gaoyuarn dongbuh, Charng Jiang Liuryuh her Zhu Jiang Liuryuh fenshuiiliing dihdaih. Guihyarng haaibar zuihgao 1762m, zuihdi 506m. ta d miahnji 8046km2, rernkoou 460'0000+.
# Pinyin/Gunman

See also
# Pinyin/Gun

A gun is a weapon that is used for firing bullets.
qiang shih yohnglair fasheh ziidahn d wuuqih.
# Pinyin/Gun injure

See also
# Pinyin/Suicide

Search Pinyin suicide
Suicide is the act of deliberately killing oneself. Risk factors for suicide include mental disorder (such as depression, personality disorder, alcohol dependence, or schizophrenia), and some physical illnesses, such as neurological disorders, cancer, and HIV infection.
Zìshā shì gùyì shāsǐ zìjǐ d xíngwéi. Zìshā d gāowēi yīnsù bāokuò jīngshén zhàng'ài (lìrú yìyùzhèng, réngé zhàng'ài, jiǔjīng yīlài huò jīngshén-fēnlièzhèng) yǐjí mǒuxiē shēntǐ jíbìng, lìrú shénjīngxìng zhàng'ài, áizhèng hé àizī bìngdú gǎnrǎn.
# Pinyin/Such as

See also
# Pinyin/Sugar

Search Pinyin sugar
# Pinyin/Suggestion

A suggestion is an idea or plan that you offer for someone to consider.
jiahnyih shih geei moourern kaaolvh d yihjiahn huoh jihhuah.
# Pinyin/Suggest

See also
* jiahnyih
* zhiichu
# Reconstruction/Mold Treatment/Safety

'Mold Safety'
* Read and understand all that your getting into.
* Wear a dusk mask for air protection.
* Make sure you use strong safety goggles, while working.
* Provide air flow in house by opening windows.
* With mold debre dispose of it into trash bags away from housing
* Use an mop, an mild detergent to clean area when finish.
# Reconstruction/Reconstruction/Insulation

The process by which Thermal Insulation is installed.

### Materials

* Fiberglass Insulation
* Vapor Barrier
* Staples
Note: R-13 recommended for exterior walls. R-19 recommended for ceilings.

### Suggested Tools

* Tape Measure
* Utility Knife
* Dust Mask
* Staple Gun
* Ladder
Note: Only install insulation on exterior walls. Paper side facing the interior of the house.

### Installation

* Measure height of wall or length of ceiling
* Measure and cut length of insulation equal measurement from step 1
* Place cut piece between studs
* Cut around outlets, light-switches, and other fixtures
* Repeat steps 2-4 for each gap between studs throughout house
* Staple all flaps to face of studs
* Staple vapor barrier to face of studs
Note: R-13 Wall insulation is typically produced as a continuous roll. R-19 ceiling insulation is typically produced in 7 ft sections. Multiple pieces may be used to fill a gap. Gaps are typically 15 inches wide.
# Reconstruction/Mold Treatment/Mold Treatment/Scrub and Spray

The two part process by which wood is treated in order to kill mold and treat wood against future mold growth.

## Scrubbing

Materials:
* Five Gallon Bucket
* Water
* Bleach
* Original Pine-Sol
* Large, Heavy-Duty Sponge (one per person)
Suggested PPE:
* 3M Half-face respirator with p100 filters
* Rubber or Latex Gloves
Procedure:
* Fill the 5 gallon bucket with approximately 4.5 gallons of water.
* Pour 3 ounces of Pine-Sol and 9 ounces of Bleach into the water. Stir well.
* Soak a sponge in the solution.
* Scrub sponge against wood areas, including walls, beams, and staircases. Apply generously so that solution has visibly soaked into the wood.
* Re-wet sponge as necessary to ensure that there is enough solution being applied.
* Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all areas are covered. If solution runs out, repeat steps 1 and 2 to create more.
* Let wood dry before beginning the following spray process.

## Spraying

Materials:
* Five Gallon Bucket
* Water
* Timbor Solution
* 16oz. Scoop
* Stirring Rod
* Sprayers
Suggested PPE:
* 3M Half-face respirator with p100 filters
* Rubber or Latex Gloves
Procedure:
* Fill the 5 gallon bucket with approximately 4.5 gallons of water
* Slowly pour in a 16oz. scoop of Timbor, while continually mixing, assuring that all particles are dissolved
* Repeat for a total of ten scoops.
* Fill mixture into sprayers.
* Spray all wood areas so that they are coated in the Timbor solution.
* Refill sprayers and remix Timbor solution as necessary.
* Continue process until all wood areas are covered.
# Reconstruction/Mold Treatment/Prep

Suggested Tools:
* Shop-Vac with hepa filter
* Push broom
* Dust pan
* Hammer
* Flat bar
# Reconstruction/Reconstruction/Re-wiring

Suggested Tools:
* Wire cutters/strippers
* Power drill
* ? inch bit
* Flashlight
* Permanent Marker
* Hammer
# Reconstruction/Reconstruction/Painting

Suggested Tools:
* Paint roller with roller covers
* Roller pole
* Paint tray
* Paint brush
* Drop-cloth
* Ladder
# Reconstruction/Mold Treatment/Mold Treatment/Bleach and Baking Soda

'Disinfect Surfaces'
* Wear gloves when using disinfectants
* disinfect the area with 10% household bleach (e.g., 1 1/2 cup bleach per gallon of water)
* with spraying large areas, a garden hose and nozzle can be used
* disinfecting a large structure, make sure the entire surface is wetted (floor, joists, and posts)
* let disinfected areas dry overnight, making sure all molded areas are killed
* Keep effected areas soaked in bleach for 15mins
* brush in a large amount of baking soda and leave for three or four days over molded area
# Reconstruction/Reconstruction

The process of reconstruction includes all elements necessary to restore a house to functionality in order to be inhabited.

### Section III: Reconstruction

* Evaluation
* Permits and Licenses
* Roofing
* Re-wiring
* Plumbing
* Insulation
* Walls
** Drywall
** Wood Panels
* Door Instalation
* Trim Work
* Cabinet Installation
* Painting
* Flooring
# Reconstruction/Reconstruction/Door Instalation

'Materials/Tools'
* measuring tape
* pry bar
* hammer
* chisel
* hammer
* screwdrivers
* drill, with drill bits and driver bits
* utility knife
* circular saw
* hacksaw or reciprocating saw with metal-cutting blade
* miter saw
* wooden shims
* caulk gun with butyl caulk
* pre-hung door
* exterior trim
* weather stripping
* safety glasses
* work gloves
# Pinyin/Top

A top is the highest part of something.
diingbuh shih moouwuh d zuih gao buhfehn.
# Pinyin/Touch

Search Pinyin touch
Touch is one of the 5 main senses that animals have. It can be called the sense of body or the sense of touch. The system also includes some internal sensory receptors, and includes sensing temperature and pain. There is a special area in the brain for processing input of touch. It is in the middle region of the outer layer of cerebrum.
Chùjué shì dòngwù 5 gè zhǔyào gǎnjué zhīyī. Tā kěyǐ bèi chēngwéi shēntǐ de huò chùjué de gǎnjué. Gāi xìtǒng hái bāokuò yīxiē nèibù de gǎnjué jiēshōuqì, bìngqiě bāokuò gǎnjué wēndù hé téngtòng. Nǎobù yǒu yīgè tèshū de qūyù, zhuānmén yòngyǐ chǔlǐ chùjué de shūrù. Tā shì zài dànǎo wàicéng de zhōngbù qūyì.