# Ethnography of fiddle/Klezmer fiddle

Klezmer (Yiddish:Klezmer (Yiddish כליזמר or קלעזמער, pl כליזמר ,כליזמרים, from Hebrew כלי זמר vesssel of song") is a genre of fiddle music rooted in the medieval shtetl (villages) of Eastern Europe where wandering Ashkenazi musicians (Klezmorim) played at bar mitzvahs,weddiongs and holidays (simkhes).ritual of rabbinic Judaism.

## Influences
### Antecedents

Some academic musicology suggests that ancient Semitic traditions preceded and influenced, along with Tanahk hymns, Greek Pythagoran music praxis. (It was a blend of dance tunes, liturgy and meditative chant (nigunim). In Archeomusicology of the Ancient Near East, Richard J. Dumbrill of City University of New York traces evolution of Jewish harp, balags, lyre, lute and aerophone instrumental music.. Following the destruction of the second Temple, all rejoicing and use of musical instruments was banned, with the exception of occasional use of the Rams Horn (Shofar).

### Medieval

Traditions blended ikn medieval klezmer include Greek, “Gypsy”, Turkish, Slavic and in the later phase, Jazz. Some modern bands| incorporate " gospel, punk, and Arab, African, and Balkan rhythms"

### Fusion

As per the above description, all klezmer is eclectic and thus the term fusion, as used with reference to combinations of disparate genres, may be redundant, but some klezmer musicians combine the specific eclecticism of klezmer with very specific genres such as rock, dub or reggae.
Amsterdam Klezmer Band ft. Shantel - Sadagora Hot Dub

## Style

Dissonance is frequently employed, harmonically, and klezmer uses accidentals quite freely, creating its signature mood tones.

## See also on WikiBooks

* Music_Theory/Eastern_European
* Compendium of Fiddle Styles

## Bibliography

* Wiltrud Apfeld (Red.): klezmer. Hejmisch und hip. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2003, ISBN 3-89861-379-8 (Ausstellungskatalog mit 1 CD)
* Alex Jacobowitz: Ein klassischer Klezmer. Reisegeschichten eines jüdischen Musikers. 2. Auflage. Tree of Life, München 2002, ISBN 3-00-003226-6.
* Rita Ottens, Joel Rubin: Jüdische Musiktraditionen (Musikpraxis in der Schule; 4). Verlag Gustav Bosse, Kassel 2001, ISBN 3-7649-2694-5.
* Rita Ottens, Joel Rubin: Klezmer-Musik. Bärenreiter, Kassel 2003, ISBN 3-7618-1400-3.
* Seth Rogovoy: The essential klezmer. A music lover's guide to Jewish roots and soul music. Algonquin Books, Chapel Hill, N.J. 2000, ISBN 1-56512-244-5.
* Joan Sfar: Klezmer Band 1 Die Eroberung des Ostens. Avant-Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-939080-17-6.
* Mark Slobin (Hrsg.): American Klezmer. Ita roots and offshoots. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif. 2002, ISBN 0-520-22718-2.
* Georg Winkler: Klezmer. Merkmale, Str*Fiddler on the Move : Exploring the Klezmer World by
Mark Slobin

## External links

* Michael Levy traces the roots of Hebrew music in the ancient past, which is the "root of the olive tree".

# references

* ↑ Hankus Netsky, "American Klezmer: A Brief History" from American Klezmer: Its Roots and Offshoots Ed. Mark Slobin, p.13
* ↑ ref name=/borzykowski|KLEZMER MUSIC IN A FEW WORDS|http://borzykowski.users.ch/EnglMCKlezmer.htm
* ↑ ref name= Haupt|http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/klezmer/Klezmer%20frame.html
* ↑ refname=Dumbrill|The Archaeomusicology of the Ancient Near East |Professor Richard J. Dumbrill|City University of New York||Preface|2005
* ↑ Old Testament/Tanahk|Book of Psalms|Attributed to King David and others|1000-2500[?]b.c.e.|King James Authorized Version|c.1600|Britain
* ↑ Dumbrill, p.179-386
* ↑ source= The Klezmatics| type=Online encyclopedic article|lang=German|source=German Wikipedia|url=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Klezmatics
* ↑ Liner notes|The Klezmatics|Album=Jews With Horns"Nign"|Jada Jen|June 21,2010
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOg6LkCaA38&feature=related
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TreiNNjc8EY&feature=related