OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of video games/Platforms/Retro Duo
## History

The Retro Duo was available as a home console by 2009, and also as a portable console.
A second revision of the portable console was released by 2013.
A "Mascot Edition" of the home console was released in 2015.

## References

* ↑ McFerran, Damien (4 November 2009). "Retro Duo Console Review". Nintendo Life. https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2009/11/feature_retro_duo_console_review.
* ↑ McFerran, Damien (7 May 2013). "Hardware Review: Retro Duo Portable V2.0". Nintendo Life. https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2013/05/hardware_review_retro_duo_portable_v20.
* ↑ Damien, McFerran (4 March 2015). "Retro-Bit Is Releasing A Super Mario Edition Of Its RetroDuo Console". Nintendo Life. https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2015/03/retro-bit_is_releasing_a_super_mario_edition_of_its_retroduo_console.
# History of video games/Platforms/Razer Forge TV
## History

The Razer ForgeTV was released in early 2015 for $99.99 for the console alone, or $149.99 for a bundle including a controller.
The ForgeTV game store was discontinued on June 25th of 2019. However consoles could continue to use features dependent on Google Play.

## Technology

A Snapdragon 805 processor with a quad core Krait 450 CPU clocked at 2.5 gigahertz and Adreno 420 GPU powers the Razer ForgeTV.
The Razer ForgeTV has two gigabytes of RAM and 16 gigabytes of storage.
The ForgeTV has 2x2 802.11 Wi-Fi AC, Bluetooth 4.1 + HS, Gigabit Ethernet, a USB 3.0 port, and an HDMI 1.4 port.
Up to four controllers can be used at once.
At launch the Razer ForgeTV was based on a version Android TV running Android 5.0. Later the ForgeTV would be updated to run Android 5.1.

## Notable games

* Oddworld Munch's Oddysee
* Bomb Squad
* Towerfall Ascension
* Toto Temple Deluxe

## References

* 1 2 3 4 Savov, Vlad (6 January 2015). "Razer's Forge TV is an Android micro-console with PC gaming roots". The Verge. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
* ↑ Schoon, Ben (22 May 2019). "Razer Forge TV, OUYA will shut down for good next month". 9to5Google. https://9to5google.com/2019/05/22/razer-forge-tv-ouya-shut-down/.
* ↑ "Preservationists Are Racing to Save Ouya's Games Before They Disappear". www.vice.com. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 "Razer Forge TV hands-on: Android TV-based gaming supercharged". SlashGear. 9 January 2015. https://www.slashgear.com/razer-forge-tv-hands-on-android-tv-based-gaming-supercharged-09363084/. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Razer Forge TV - Android™ Gaming in Your Living Room". www2.razer.com. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/RetroN Sq
## History

The RetroN Sq was formally announced around January 2020, after having been briefly teased in 2017. It is publicly unknown what effect, if any, the COVID-19 pandemic had on the development and release of the video game console.
The Hyperkin RetroN Sq home console was released on March 25th, 2021 for $75. Following launch a number of firmware patches were released to fix severe issues with the framerate and aspect ratio of the video output.

## Technology

The system uses software based emulation to run Game Boy and Game Boy Advance games, with Game Boy compatibility being good and Game Boy Advance compatibility being flaky at launch.
The console outputs a 720p signal, using pillarboxing to maintain original aspect ratios.
The console was subject to a California Proposition 65 warning.

## References

* ↑ McFerran, Damien (2020-01-08). "This Cube-Like Console Play Will Play Every Game Boy Game On Your TV". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
* ↑ "Hyperkin RetroN Sq console lets you play Game Boy cartridges". SlashGear. 19 February 2021. https://www.slashgear.com/hyperkin-retron-sq-console-lets-you-play-game-boy-cartridges-18660181/.
* 1 2 3 "Is the RetroN Sq better than a Game Boy?" (in en). Input. https://www.inputmag.com/reviews/retron-sq-review-firmware-update-gba-fix-roms-hd-gaming-console.
* ↑ Grassl, Zion (18 May 2021). "Hardware Review: RetroN Sq - An Affordable Way To Play The Entire Game Boy Library On Your Big Screen TV". Nintendo Life. https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/05/hardware_review_retron_sq_-_an_affordable_way_to_play_the_entire_game_boy_library_on_your_big_screen_tv.
* ↑ "RetroN Sq: HD Gaming Console for Game Boy®/Game Boy Color®/ Game Boy Advance® (Black Gold) - Hyperkin". Hyperkin Lab. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Interfunctional design process
## Interfunctional design process (alpha = 0.7878)
### Items

* Direct labor employees are involved to a great extent (on teams or consulted) before introducing new products or making product changes.
* Manufacturing engineers are involved to a great extent before the introduction of new products.
* There is little involvement of manufacturing and quality people in the early design of products, before they reach the plant.
* We work in teams, with members from a variety of areas (marketing, manufacturing, etc.) to introduce new products.

### Source

* Flynn et al. (1994): A framework for quality management research and an associated measurement instrument. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 339-366.

### Related Scales

* Cross-functional product design
# Handbook of Management Scales/Interorganizational altruism
## Interorganizational altruism (alpha = 0.702)
### Description

A scale for measuring interorganizational citizenship behaviors (ICBs) is developed. Four common ICBs are operationalized: interorganizational altruism, interorganizational tolerance, interorganizational loyalty, and interorganizational compliance.

### Items

* We go out of our way to help our supplier with business related issues if we sense that they are in need.
* We provide assistance to our supplier if they ever have a problem in an area where we have expertise.
* We sometimes volunteer our resources in order to lighten our supplier’s workload.

### Source

* Skinner et al. (2009): Some measures of interorganizational citizenship behaviors. Scale development and validation. The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 228-242.

### Related Scales

* Interorganizational compliance
* Interorganizational loyalty
* Interorganizational tolerance
# Handbook of Management Scales/Interorganizational compliance
## Interorganizational compliance (alpha = 0.916)
### Description

A scale for measuring interorganizational citizenship behaviors (ICBs) is developed. Four common ICBs are operationalized: interorganizational altruism, interorganizational tolerance, interorganizational loyalty, and interorganizational compliance.

### Items

* We attempt to meet or exceed any standards that our supplier is also required or expected to meet.
* When dealing with our supplier, we comply with expected standards of social behavior.
* We show respect for our supplier’s business policies and try to abide by them ourselves.

### Source

* Skinner et al. (2009): Some measures of interorganizational citizenship behaviors. Scale development and validation. The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 228-242.

### Related Scales

* Interorganizational altruism
* Interorganizational loyalty
* Interorganizational tolerance
# Handbook of Management Scales/Internal task routines
## Internal task routines (alpha = 0.76; 0.81)
### Description

To measure the construct, the authors relied on scale items previously used by Cameron & Quinn (1999), Cartwright & Cooper (1993), Datta (1991), Hofstede et al. (1990), O’Reilly et al. (1991), and Rodriguez (2005).

### Items

* The firm/partner has goal focused and achievement oriented employees. (0.76; 0.82)
* The firm/partner has employees with a strong work ethic (e.g., defy the 9-to-5 attitude, work overtime to get tasks done, willing to do whatever it takes to get the job done). (0.77; 0.84)
* The firm/partner gives autonomy and discretion to employees for making decisions. (0.76; 0.73)
* The firm/partner emphasizes teamwork and cooperation (e.g., collaboration among individuals from different business units, overcoming silo effects and pocket vetoes). (0.76; 0.80)

### Source

* Lavie et al. (2012): Organizational Differences, Relational Mechanisms, and Alliance Performance. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 33, No. 13, pp. 1453–1479

### Comments

The items are employee-oriented.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Internalized moral perspective
## Internalized moral perspective (alpha = 0.76)
### Description

Scales were developed and validated for four dimensions of authentic leadership: self-awareness, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective, balanced processing.

### Definition

The authors define authentic leadership as "a pattern of leader behavior that draws upon and promotes both positive psychological capacities and a positive ethical climate, to foster greater self-awareness, an internalized moral perspective, balanced processing of information, and relational transparency on the part of leaders working with followers, fostering positive self-development".
Internalized moral perspective refers to "an internalized and integrated form of self-regulation".

### Items

* Demonstrates beliefs that are consistent with actions.
* Makes decisions based on his/her core beliefs.
The authors reported two sample items of this scale only.

### Source

* Walumbwa et al. (2008): Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure? Journal of Management, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 89–126

### Related Scales

* Self-awareness
* Relational transparency
* Balanced processing
# Handbook of Management Scales/Intelligence dissemination
## Intelligence dissemination (alpha = 0.75)
### Description

In order to improve operationalization and psychometric properties, a market orientation scale (MARKOR) taken from Kohli et al. (1993) is modified. The resulting market orientation scale (MO) has three dimensions: intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination, and responsiveness.

### Items

* Marketing personnel in our business unit spend time discussing customers' future needs with other functional departments.
* Our business unit periodically circulates documents (e.g., reports, newsletters) that provide information on our customers.
* We have cross-functional meetings very often to discuss market trends and developments (e.g., customers, competition, suppliers).
* We regularly have interdepartmental meetings to update our knowledge of regulatory requirements.
* Technical people in the business unit spend a lot of time sharing information about technology for new products with other departments.
* Market information spreads quickly through all levels in this business unit.

### Source

* Matsuno et al. (2000): A refinement and validation of the MARKOR scale. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 527-539
# Handbook of Management Scales/Intelligence generation
## Intelligence generation (alpha = 0.65)
### Description

In order to improve operationalization and psychometric properties, a market orientation scale (MARKOR) taken from Kohli et al. (1993) is modified. The resulting market orientation scale (MO) has three dimensions: intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination, and responsiveness.

### Items

* We poll end users at least once a year to assess the quality of our products and services.
* In our business unit, intelligence on our competitors is generated independently by several departments.
* We periodically review the likely effect of changes in our business environment (e.g., regulation) on customers.
* In this business unit, we frequently collect and evaluate general macro-economic information (e.g., interest rate, exchange rate, GDP, industry growth rate, inflation rate).
* In this business unit, we maintain contacts with officials of government and regulatory bodies (e.g., Department of Agriculture, FDA, FTC, Congress) in order to collect and evaluate pertinent information.
* In this business unit, we collect and evaluate information concerning general social trends (e.g., environmental consciousness, emerging lifestyles) that might affect our business.
* In the business unit, we spend time with our suppliers to learn more about various aspects of their business (e.g., manufacturing process, industry practices, clientele).
* In our business unit, only a few people are collecting competitor information. (reverse coded)

### Source

* Matsuno et al. (2000): A refinement and validation of the MARKOR scale. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 527-539

### Comments

Cronbach's alpha is too low.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Interdependence
## Interdependence (CR = 0.78)
### Description

Hofstede's five cultural factors are reconceptualized as ten personal cultural orientations: independence, interdependence, power, social inequality, masculinity, gender equality, risk aversion, ambiguity intolerance, tradition, and prudence. A new 40-item scale is developed to measure these personal cultural orientations. Much effort has been invested in ensuring validity, reliability, and cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the new scale.

### Definition

Interdependence is defined as a personal cultural orientation associated with acting as a part of one or more in-groups, a strong group identity, a sense of belongingness, reliance on others, giving importance to group-goals over own individual goals, and collective achievement.

### Items

* The well-being of my group members is important for me. (0.77)
* I feel good when I cooperate with my group members. (0.75)
* It is my duty to take care of my family members, whatever it takes. (0.72)
* Family members should stick together, even if they do not agree. (0.69)

### Source

* Sharma (2010): Measuring Personal Cultural Orientations: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 787–806
# Handbook of Management Scales/Internal quality information usage
## Internal quality information usage (alpha = 0.80)
### Description

Through a detailed analysis of the literature, twelve constructs of integrated quality management strategies were identified: top management commitment, customer focus, supplier quality management, design quality management, benchmarking, SPC usage, internal quality information usage, employee empowerment, employee involvement, employee training, product quality, and supplier performance. Using a survey of 371 manufacturing firms, the constructs were then empirically tested and validated. For this purpose a confirmatory factor analysis approach was used.

### Items

* Scrap rates of our primary product are readily available.
* Rework rates of our primary product are readily available.
* Cost of quality data concerning our primary product is readily available.
* Quality information is displayed at most of the work stations.
* Progress toward quality-related goals is displayed in our plant.
* Information about defects is conveyed to the appropriate workstations.

### Source

* Ahire et al. (1996): Development and Validation of TQM Implementation Constructs. Decision Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 23-56.

### Related Scales

* Information sharing
* Information sharing quality
# Handbook of Management Scales/Internet quality
## Internet quality (alpha = 0.72)
### Items

All Scales rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) except where noted.
* Grocer X has a sufficient range of product choices (I can get what I want).
* The products are the same quality as I can get in the store.
* The number of substitutions or out of stock items is reasonable.

### Source

* Boyer/Frohlich (2006): Analysis of Effects of Operational Execution on Repeat Purchasing for Heterogeneous Customer Segments. Production and Operations Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 229–242.
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Cid

Cid is a physical fighter with access to a variety of powerful weapons, though he cannot equip shields. He has the worst magic attributes in the game, even compared to other non-magic users like Kain.
* Main weapons: hammers
* Other weapons: swords, axes, bows
* Magic: none
* Abilities: Peep: Reveals information about a monster.
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Kain

Kain is a Dragoon of Baron and a close friend of the Dark Knight Cecil. The king assigned him to assist Cecil at the start of the game.

## Story

When Cecil complains to the King of Baron about the immorality of stealing Crystals from the innocent people of Mysidia, Kain supports Cecil. Both men are stripped of their position by the King and sent to hunt Summoned Monsters in Misty Valley and deliver a Package to the village of Mist.

## Stats

Like Cecil, he is a physical class, who has strong physical offensive and defensive stats. His only notable ability though is Jump, which does heavy damage only after a long period of time.
* Main weapons: spears
* Other weapons: swords, axes, daggers
* Magic: none
* Abilities: Jump: Leap into the air for a turn, and attack.
| Level | Experience | HP | Str | Agil | Vit | Wis | Wil |
| 10 | 2300 | | 9 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 12 |
| 11 | 3059 | | | | | | |
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/King of Baron

The King of Baron rules the empire from the capital city, Baron. He is a powerful leader, and desires to become even more powerful through acquisitions of Crystals. To this end, he orders Cecil and the Red Wings to attack Mysidia and take the Crystal of Water from that city.
When Cecil returns with the Crystal, the King is warned by Baigan that Cecil doubts the correctness of his orders. The King then strips Cecil of his leadership position, ordering him on a new mission to Mist to deliver a Package. When the Dragoon Kain protests, the King orders Kain to accompany Cecil.
Return to Characters Return to Final Fantasy IV
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Fusoya

Fusoya is a sage, but is a mixed bag, even by the game's standards. On one hand, he has access to every White and Black magic spell in the game, well before any other characters are likely to have mastered even one of those categories. On the other hand, his attributes are unremarkable and, like Tellah, his MP is limited.
* Main weapons: staves and rods
* Other weapons: none
* Magic: White, Black
* Abilities: Spirit Wave/Regen: Slowly regenerates party's HP. (Unavailable in the Super Nintendo version and Easy-Type)
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Palom

Palom is a black mage with an emphasis on magic at the cost of physical strength. He works best in a team with his sister, Porom.
* Main weapons: rods
* Other weapons: bows
* Magic: Black, Twin (attempts a binary spell with Porom for massive damage)
* Abilities: Bluff: Increases magic power. (Unavailable in the North American SNES release named Final Fantasy II and Final Fantasy IV: Easytype)
| Level | Experience | HP | MP | Str | Agil | Vit | Wis | Wil |
| 10 | (1957) | 100 | 50 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 15 | 10 |
| 11 | 2682 | | | | | | | |
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Cecil

Cecil is a Dark Knight and the captain of the Red Wings, the military airships of the empire of Baron.

## Story

Amidst dissent by his crew, unhappy with what they consider to be robbery from innocents, Cecil maintains order through insistence upon the correctness of the royal command. He orders the killing of three wizards that stand between his crew and the Crystal of Water in Mysidia.
As the leader of the Red Wings, Cecil is supplied with the destructive magical items FireBomb and Lit-Bolt.
After returning to Baron, Cecil airs his doubts about the Mysidian attack to Baigan, Baron's chancellor. Baigan reports on these doubts to the King of Baron, who dismisses Cecil from leadership of the Red Wings after Cecil gives him the Crystal. The King then gives Cecil a Package to deliver to Mist and orders him to hunt Summoned Monsters in the Misty Valley. Cecil's friend Kain comes to Cecil's aid, and is ordered to accompany Cecil on this mission.

## Classes
### Dark Knight

A Dark Knight is a physically oriented character that uses dark swords. He combines physical power with impressive defense. However, he is mostly useless against the undead, and levels up slowly. At the beginning of the game, Cecil starts as a Level 10 Dark Knight with 3000 experience.
* Main weapons: swords, dark swords
* Other weapons: none
* Magic: none
* Abilities: Dark: A multi-target attack that hits all monsters at the cost of 1/8 of his health points. (Unavailable in the North American SNES release named Final Fantasy II)
| Level | Experience | HP | Str | Agil | Vit | Wis | Wil |
| 10 | 3000 | 200 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 3 |
| 11 | 3334 | 220 - 222 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 3 |
| 12 | 4520 | 240 - 244 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 3 |
| 13 | 6006 | 260 - 266 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 3 |
| 14 | 7840 | 280 - 288 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 7 | 3 |
| 15 | 10073 | 300 - 310 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 7 | 2 |
| 16 | 12761 | 320 - 332 | 18 | 14 | 15 | 8 | 2 |
| 17 | 15954 | 340 - 354 | 19 | 14 | 15 | 8 | 2 |
| 18 | 19744 | 360 - 376 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 2 |

### Paladin

After reaching a certain point in the story, Cecil begins again as a level 1 paladin, a physical class with white magic. This class starts strong, can use basic White Magic, and retains the strong offense and defense of the Dark Knight. His chief weakness is his limits as a magic user and his incompatibility with any of his old equipment.
* Main weapons: holy swords, swords
* Other weapons: axes, daggers, bows
* Magic: White
* Abilities: Cover: Protects a given party member. Also activates automatically if a party member is critically wounded.
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Edge

Edge is a ninja that has the ability to wield two weapons at once. Though his armor is light and defenses are low, he makes up for it using his high attack power, speed, and evasion. Furthermore, his Ninjutsu abilities make him an adequate substitute for a black mage.
* Main weapons: katanas, shurikens, boomerangs
* Other weapons: daggers, claws
* Magic: Ninja
* Abilities:
** Sneak: Steals an item from the enemy.
** Throw: Throws an item at an enemy for increased damage.
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Edward

Edward, named Gilbert in the original version, features low stats across the board and lacks access to heavier equipment. However, his physical prowess is greater than that of a typical mage, while his various abilities can be useful in many battles. After level 70 Edward's attributes skyrocket.
Edward, the prince of Damcyan, was in love with Tellah's daughter, Anna. He joins the party when the castle gets bombed by the Red Wings.

## Stats

* Main weapons: harps
* Other weapons: daggers
* Magic: none
* Abilities:
** Sing: Casts a random status effect on a target (such as sleep, silence, and confusion).
** Hide: Hides from the battle. May automatically activate if critically injured.
** Heal/Salve: Uses a potion on all party members. (Unavailable in the North American SNES release named Final Fantasy II and Final Fantasy IV: Easytype)
| Level | Experience | HP | Str | Agil | Vit | Wis | Wil |
| 5 | (388) | 60 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 7 |
| 6 | 625 | 71 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 7 |
| 7 | 933 | 81 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 8 |
| 8 | 1243 | 91 | 7 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 8 |
| 9 | 1880 | 102 | 7 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 8 |
| 10 | 2570 | 113 | 8 | 12 | 4 | 9 | 9 |
| 11 | (3576) | 128 | 8 | 12 | 4 | 9 | 9 |
| 12 | 4428 | 143 | 9 | 13 | 5 | 9 | 9 |
| 13 | 5864 | 159 | 10 | 13 | 5 | 10 | 10 |
| 14 | 7488 | 175 | 10 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 10 |
| 15 | 8431 | | | | | | |
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Elder

The Elder is the leader of the city of Mysidia and the protector of the Crystal of Water that the city holds. He is injured in the attack by Cecil and the crew of the Red Wings, but survives.
Return to Characters Return to Final Fantasy IV
# Final Fantasy IV/Characters/Porom

Porom is a White Mage with an emphasis on magic at the cost of physical strength. She works best in a team with her brother, Palom.

## Stats

* Main weapons: staves
* Other weapons: bows
* Magic: White, Twin (attempts a binary spell with Palom for massive damage)
* Abilities: Cry: Makes it easier to flee the battle. (Unavailable in the North American SNES release named Final Fantasy II and Final Fantasy IV: Easytype)
| Level | Experience | HP | MP | Str | Agil | Vit | Wis | Wil |
| 10 | (1957) | 110 | 50 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 15 |
| 11 | 2682 | | | | | | | |