OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Christianity/Origins of Christianity/The Historicity of Jesus of Nazareth

The primary sources for the life of Jesus are the Christian gospels, significantly the Gospel of Mark. Composed around 70 CE, Mark was evidently the first gospel written. The gospels of Matthew and Luke are thought to have been based on Mark as well as an unknown quote source, with the Gospel of John standing in contrast both in terms of content and its later dating (c. 100 CE).
Mark contains no virgin birth or post-resurrection appearances of Jesus, as opposed to Matthew and Luke, which also introduce contradictions related to Jesus's birth. It is assumed that prior to Mark's composition, details of Jesus's life were passed on by oral tradition. Non-Christian sources for Jesus's existence are dated later (the earliest c. 93 CE) and provide no original details of substance. Scholars argue that Jesus existed on the basis of his having a following, though only his baptism and death by crucifixion are widely considered to be definite historical events. Some hold that a family as poor as Jesus's would not have been significantly documented. Rome for its part indeed executed thousands by crucifixion, specifically targeting Jews in its 70 CE Siege of Jerusalem (which Jesus allegedly foresaw).
Alternative views suggest that Jesus was either largely or entirely mythical; though dismissed by mainstream scholars, these theories have gained traction online. Just as all religions draw from existing beliefs (e.g. Judaism's rewriting of Mesopotamian creation myths, Buddhism's incorporation of Hinduism, and Roman religion's robbery of Greek gods), Christianity provided a renewal of Judaism, declaring the identity of its Messiah—rewording Old Testament passages to fulfill claimed prophesies. A source of inspiration for the story of Jesus (the King of Kings) has been postulated as Julius Caesar (d. 44 BCE), whose deification led to his heir, another Caesar, becoming the first Roman emperor (27 BCE – 14 CE). Adjacent to spiritual teachings, Jesus endorses paying taxes to Rome.
In the early 4th century CE, the church declared baselessly that Jesus's birthday aligned with the winter solstice. In 525 CE, a Byzantine monk devised the enduring BC/AD dating system, doubtfully implying Jesus to have been born in 1 BCE/CE. The rise of fundamentalism in the United States (starting around the late 19th century) fueled beliefs regarding Jesus's divinity and the Bible's inerrancy. Subsequent secular scholarship has not supported those views.
# History of Computers/The Pursuit of Computation
## The Mechanical Age

Since the early ages of computer history there have been innovations that have led to the advancement of technology. The first computers were mechanical, and sometimes prone to errors. They were calculating machines.
Blaise Pascal (June 19, 1623, Clermont-Ferrand – August 19, 1662, Paris) built a numerical wheel adding machine in 1642 in order to help out his father, who was a tax collector. It was a heavy burden to add numbers by hand, and Pascal had seen it as a chance to relieve that burden. He built twenty of these machines (called the Pascaline).
In 1673 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, a German mathematician, built a calculator device that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. It provided more functions than Pascal's machine and allowed users of it to solve more problems. Yet both Pascal's and Leibniz's machines were not totally dependable and suffered from flaws.

## Mechanical Innovations

Joseph Jacquard, a French weaver, designed a punch card loom in 1805. A chain of punch cards in an certain order provided instructions for the loom's weaving pattern. The pattern could be changed by using different cards in different orders. This later lead to storing computer instructions on these cards.
Charles Xavier Thomas, another Frenchman, worked on a new mechanical computer. He called it the four-function machine and it was more reliable than Pascal's or Leibniz's machines. This was in 1820 as technology had progressed, and Thomas learned from Pascal's and Leibniz's works and flaws.

## Larger Scale Mechanical Computers and Logic

Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace made contributions since 1842. The Difference Engine, the machine that became the template for the Analytic Engine, was an automatic logarithm tabulator and printer. It had a memory unit, automatic printout, sequential program control and punch-card input. The punch card idea was borrowed from Jacquard's loom.
Babbage had worked with computers for 20 years with the British government, and the government was threatening to withdraw funds because it had nothing to show for its investments. The project needed someone new to help out, and enter Ada Lovelace, daughter of Lord Byron and Lady Annabella Milbanke. Lovelace corrected some of Babbage's mistakes in the instructions and became the world's first debugger. It was a milestone for women in computer history. Lovelace suggested a binary system of numbers be used, which set the standard of future computers to use.
Sadly the Difference Engine did not function properly. The technology to create proper gears and shafts was not good enough to provide accuracy. Yet it helped pave the way for future computers. Later the IBM Corporation was able to build a working model of the Difference Engine using modern parts.
# MagicJack/Support Resources/How-To/Exit Softphone

The method mentioned below is the "harsh" method of closing any process in windows. I have discovered that if you just use the command magicjack /exit either in a command line window, shortcut, or batch file then the MagicJack Softphone will shut down.
Windows
The MagicJack softphone does not have an "exit" option. Therefore, the proper way to exit the softphone is to use the "Safely remove hardware" tool in the task tray. (See FAQ answer: Should I just unplug my USB device?).).
However, there may be times when you simply want to exit the softphone (perhaps to restart it later) without safely removing and re-inserting the USB device. Or, some users choose to run MagicJack without the USB device. In this case, they have no way to exit the softphone without going into the Windows Task Manager (alt-cntl-delete to find it) and ending the magicjack.exe process. (See the How-To: MagicJack Without Dongle.).
In such cases, the following may be useful:
* Create a shortcut on your desktop named "Exit MagicJack."
** Right click on your Desktop, New, and Shortcut
* In the shortcut "Target" or "Location" field use the following: # XP uses "tskill" tskill.exe magicjack # Vista uses "taskkill" taskkill /f /IM magicjack.exe
* Select "Minimized" in the "Run" field
** You may have to finish creating the shortcut, then right click it, and choose Properties before having a chance to set this value.
Now, you should be able to double click that shortcut to cause your softphone to exit. Restart it using the icon on your desktop which MagicJack should have placed there when it first installed.
Warning: Be aware that killing the softphone may prevent it from communicating its new status to the MJ server. See the FAQ answer: Can I shut down my computer without removing the USB Device?
Credits: This information came from: http://www.phoneservicesupport.com/post28190.html#28190
# MagicJack/Support Resources/How-To/Assign Drive Letters

Windows
When the MagicJack USB device is inserted, two drives are created. One is a pseudo CD-Rom drive (read only). The other is a writable flash drive. In some cases, it may be necessary to force these drives to use other drive letters. This can be accomplished with the following instructions.
XP
* Start the Windows Computer Management tool by right clicking the "My Computer" icon on your desktop, and choose "Manage."
** Alternatively, this tool can be found in your Start->Settings->Control Panel->Administrative Tools.
* Navigate to Storage -> Disk Management. It may take a few seconds for it to query your system.
* In the list you will see a drive labeled "PHONE" and a drive labeled "magicjack."
* Right click on the drive labeled "PHONE" and in the subsequent pop-up window select "Change drive letter and paths."
* Click on the 'Change' button, select an available drive letter from the drop-down list, and click the "Ok."
* Repeat this process for the drive labeled "magicjack."
Remove the MagicJack device (using "Safely remove hardware), and plug it back it. It will start up using the new drive letters that you have assigned.
Credit: Taken from http://www.phoneservicesupport.com/change-mj-drive-letters-t4169.html
# MagicJack/Support Resources/How-To

How-Tos should be referred to as part of at least one FAQ answer. This page is intended to be a direct index to all How-Tos. When you add a How-To, please relate it to a FAQ question, and add it to this list.
* Assign drive letters
* Automate process priority
* Bypass splash screen
* Coexist with a VPN
* Configure and use QoS
** Tomato
* Exit the softphone
* Fix choppy/garbled voice
* MagicJack without dongle
* Proxy change
* Proxy find
* Remove MagicJack completely from your system
# MagicJack/Support Resources/How-To/Priority
## Windows

Setting the priority of the magicjack.exe process is performed manually like this:
* Alt-Ctrl-Delete to get into Task Manager.
* Locate the magicjack.exe process.
* Right click that process, and set the priority to High.
This can be automated in one of the following ways:
* Use Prio, a commercial product which is free for personal use. It has other useful features.
* Use Process util, a free tool.
* Script it as follows:
   * Notes:
   * Remove the line breaks on the "cmd.exe" line.
   * Keep all the quotes.
   * Replace the bracketed values with values that match your installation.
      * You can find your mjusbsp folder using dir mjusbsp /s from a command (DOS) window, at the root directory (cd \) of each drive.
      * The ""magicJack" at the end of the cmd line refers to a hidden folder on one of the two drives created when you insert the MagicJack device. You may have to enable "hidden folders" to see it. Google for instructions on how to see hidden folders in Windows.
Warning: MagicJack chat support has instructed Windows users to give priority to all background processes by right clicking on My Computer, and changing a setting somewhere in there. That's a bad suggestion. It will give equal priority to the very things that are probably causing CPU-related choppiness. All it does is slow down your foreground activities (interactive, screens). Giving priority explicitly to magicjack.exe is a much better solution.
Credits: The above info was taken from:
* http://www.phoneservicesupport.com/post25088.html#25088
* http://www.phoneservicesupport.com/post25136.html#25136
# MagicJack/Support Resources/How-To/QoS

QoS is a router function to give priority to some internet traffic at the expense of other traffic. For example, giving higher priority to VOIP (voice) traffic so web browsing and file transfers don't interfere. A basic primer on QoS is available.
QoS can dramatically improve voice quality, fixing the oft-reported "choppy voice" problem. However, if not configured properly, it can make things much worse.
There are a few ways to obtain the benefits of QoS. They are described below.

## QoS and Tomato

See this How-To: Configuring the free Tomato router firmware QoS for MagicJack.

## Other routers

Some consumer routers provide (often minimal) QoS capabilities. The more detailed how-to articles (above) may help you understand what to look for, or how it should be configured.

## QoS with no pain

For those who don't want to get too involved in true QoS, see the following simplified solutions. Be aware that these solutions sacrifice flexibility and efficiency for ease of use. Router firmware provides finer control over prioritization, and may have more advanced capabilities like regulating incoming traffic (which, as described in the Tomato QoS How-To, isn't really QoS but a custom feature of the firmware).

### Hawking Broadband Booster

Hawking Broadband Booster is a "QoS-in-a-box" product which automatically configures itself. MagicJack users have reported good results using this.

### Software

A software solution is appropriate if you have no other computers sharing your network connection.
Windows
Netlimiter commercial software tool.
cFosSpeed commercial software tool.
# LMIs in Control/Click here to continue/Time-Delay Systems

Time-Delay Systems
* Continuous Time
** LMI for Time-Delay system on delay Independent Condition
** LMI for Time-Delay system on delay Dependent Condition
** LMI for Stability of Retarded Differential Equation with Slowly-Varying Delay
** LMI for Robust Stability of Retarded Differential Equation with Norm-Bounded Uncertainty
** Bounded Real Lemma under Slowly-Varying Delay
** LMI for L2-Optimal State-Feedback Control under Time-Varying Input Delay
** LMI for mu-Analysis
* Discrete Time
** Stability Condition for Discrete-Time TDS
# LMIs in Control/Click here to continue/Software for LMIs and Optimization

Software for LMIs and Optimization
We will be Majorly using these softwares for solving the LMIs' problems:
Gurobi :
       -You can download the program from this link https://www.gurobi.com/.
       -Try logging in using the University's email id.
       -If you cannot proceed with downloads using your personal wifi, it may be required for you to download the program using University's wifi.
       -Once downloaded, install it in the path where your MATLAB is installed.
       -Upon successful installation, you should be able to run a demo code from the Gurobi dome code files.
Sedumi :
       -You can download the program from this link https://sedumi.ie.lehigh.edu/?page_id=58.
       -Try logging in using the University's email id.
       -Once downloaded, install it in the path where your MATLAB is installed.
       -Upon successful installation, you should be able to run a demo code from the Sedumi dome code files.
       -This is the most commonly used solver for the LMIs in Control course.
       -You can use this solver to solve linear programming problems as well.
Cplex :
       -This is the solver from IBM
       -You can download the program from this link https://www.ibm.com/academic/topic/data-science
       -Try logging in using the University's email id.
       -It may take a day or two to get your license approved. Once approved you can use the link to download the program.
       -Once downloaded, install it in the path where your MATLAB is installed.
       -Upon successful installation, you should be able to run a demo code from the IBM Cplex dome code files.
MOSEK:
       -You can download the program from this link https://www.mosek.com/products/academic-licenses/
       -Try logging in using the University's email id.
       -Once downloaded, install it in the path where your MATLAB is installed.
       -Upon successful installation, you should be able to run a demo code from the Mosek dome code files.
SOSTOOLS:
       -This tool helps us to solve non-linear systems
       -The download link for the tool is provided here: http://control.asu.edu/sostools/
       -Once downloaded, install the tool in your MATLAB path.
       -Try running a demo code from the list of demo codes in the sostools folder.
# History of video games/Platforms/Retroid Pocket 2
## Technology

The Retroid Pocket 2 shipped with Android 6.0 as an operating system.

## References

* ↑ "Retroid Pocket 2 Review" (in en). PCMAG. https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/retroid-pocket-2.
* ↑ McFerran, Damien (2 July 2021). "Hands On: Retro Handheld Face-Off - Anbernic R351 Vs Retroid Pocket 2". Nintendo Life. https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/07/hands_on_retro_handheld_face-off_-_anbernic_r351_vs_retroid_pocket_2.
# History of video games/Platforms/Roku
## History

While gaming is not the main focus of the Roku line, a number of smaller games were developed for the system.
Roku did make some pushes towards the gaming market, such as with the release of the Roku Gaming Remote around 2011.

## References

* ↑ "10 Amazing Roku Games You Should Be Playing". MUO. 26 December 2016. https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/amazing-roku-games-should-playing/.
* ↑ "Getting your game on with the Roku Game Remote". 9 August, 2011. https://www.roku.com/blog/getting-your-game-on-with-the-roku-game-remote.
# History of video games/Platforms/Retroid Pocket 2+
## Technology

The Retroid Pocket 2+ shipped with Android 9 as an operating system. The version of Android for the console was called "Retroid OS".

## References

* ↑ McFerran, Damien (1 April 2022). "Review: Retroid Pocket 2+ - A Vast Improvement Over Its Forerunner". Nintendo Life. https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2022/04/review-retroid-pocket-2plus-a-vast-improvement-over-its-forerunner.
* ↑ Brookes, Tim. "Emulate Classic Consoles With Portable Retro Handhelds". How-To Geek. https://www.howtogeek.com/771850/emulate-classic-consoles-with-portable-retro-handhelds/.
# History of video games/Platforms/Retroid Pocket Flip
## History

The system cost $170 at launch.

## Technology

The Retroid Launcher served as the system UI.

## References

* ↑ Saltalamacchia, Brandon (26 April 2023). "Retroid Pocket Flip Review". Retro Dodo. https://retrododo.com/retroid-pocket-flip/.
* ↑ Grannell, Craig (26 May 2023). "Retroid Pocket Flip review: decades of games in your pocket". Stuff. https://www.stuff.tv/review/retroid-pocket-flip-review/.
# History of video games/Platforms/Roshambo Retro Gaming Kit
## History

The system was announced on March 15, 2019.
The kit was sold later that year in 2019 for $33.00 (Without a computer board).

## Technology

Kits were sold with either a Rock64 or Rock64Pro board.
The system used cartridges to contain SSDs. The system featured a working eject button for these cartridges.

## References

* ↑ "Upcoming Product: Roshambo Retro Gaming Kit" (in en). ameriDroid. https://ameridroid.com/blogs/ameriblogs/upcoming-product-roshambo-retro-gaming-kit.
* ↑ "Roshambo Retro Gaming Case review" (in en). www.electromaker.io. https://www.electromaker.io/blog/article/roshambo-retro-gaming-case-review.
* ↑ "Roshambo Retro Gaming Console Kit Features Rock64 or RockPro64 Board - CNX Software". CNX Software - Embedded Systems News. 9 May 2019. https://www.cnx-software.com/2019/05/09/roshambo-retro-gaming-console-based-on-rock64-or-rockpro64-board/.
* ↑ "Roshambo Retro Gaming Kit : Du rétro gaming bien emballé" (in fr-FR). MiniMachines.net. 10 May 2019. https://www.minimachines.net/actu/roshambo-retro-gaming-kit-78289.
# History of video games/Platforms/SG-1000
## History
### Background

Sega has its origins in Standard Games, a Honolulu, Hawaii based American amusement company founded in 1940. Sega, a shortened version of Service Games, would form into a Japanese amusement company in a roundabout way as American legislation banned coin operated gambling games in their primary markets.

### Launch

The SG-1000 was launched on July 15, 1983 in Japan on the same day as the Nintendo Famicom launch.
The improved Mark III was launched in October of 1985.
The SG-3000 model added a keyboard, and proved to be more popular in Japan then the original SG-1000.
By 1985 the SG-1000 sold about two million units. The SG-1000 was followed by the Sega Master System.
The Dina game console was also related to the SG-1000.

## Technology

The SG-1000 CPU uses a 8 bit Zilog Z80A clocked at 3.58 megahertz.
The SG-1000 uses a Texas Instruments TMS9928A for graphics processing, and a Texas Instruments SN76489 for sound processing.

## Notable Games
### 1984
#### Girl's Garden

Released in either 1984 or 1985.
Read more about Girl's Garden on Wikipedia.

## Gallery
### SG-1000

* The front of the SG-1000.
* The front of the SG-1000.
* The back of the SG-1000 with ports visible.
* The back of the SG-1000 with ports visible.

### SG-1000 III

* The MKIII has two controller ports on the front of the console - A design decision also used on the Master System.

### Telegames Personal Arcade

* The Telegames Personal Arcade, a ColecoVision and Sega SG-1000 compatible console.
* The console, also known as the Dina 2 in 1, could dock controllers on the side.
* The console rear hosted I/O ports.
* The controller for the Telegames Personal Arcade.

## References

* ↑ "Your Turn: A brief history of Sega". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 August 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* 1 2 "Meet The Four Americans Who Built Sega". Kotaku. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* ↑ "Service Games, Hawaii". Sega Retro. 5 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* ↑ "Sega History - Zippia". www.zippia.com. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* ↑ McGuire, Keegan (23 October 2020). "The untold truth of Sega's first console". Looper.com. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
* ↑ "HISTORY SEGA 60th Anniversary". SEGA 60th Anniversary site. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
* ↑ "The Story of Sega's First Console, Which Was Not The Master System" (in en-us). Kotaku. https://kotaku.com/the-story-of-segas-first-console-which-was-not-the-mas-5888800. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
* ↑ "Feature: A Look Back At the SG-1000, Sega's First Ever Home Console". Nintendo Life. 25 June 2018. https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2018/06/feature_a_look_back_at_the_sg-1000_segas_first_ever_home_console. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
* 1 2 "Playing the SG-1000, Sega's First Game Machine" (in en-us). Wired. https://www.wired.com/2009/10/sega-sg-1000/. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/SHG Black Point (FS 1003/FS 2000)

* An SHG Black Point type FS 1003 and two controllers.
* An SHG Black Point type FS 2000.

## History

The SHG Black Point (type FS 1003/FS 2000) was developed by SHG, a company based in the city of Munich in West Germany.
The SHG Black Point was released in West Germany in 1982 at a cost of 168 Deutschmarks. Two compatible PC-50x models of the Black Point were released: the type FS 1003 and the type FS 2000. There are other two incompatible Black Point consoles: the "Black Point Multicolor FS 1001" (four fixed pong games, no cartridges) and the "Black Point 10 Tele Sports FS 1002" (ten fixed pong games, no cartridges).

## Technology

The two consoles lacks a processor and the game is entirely implemented in cartridges like all PC-50x family first generation consoles. These cartridges contain an AY-3-8xxx chip from General Instrument.

## Notable games

* Zehn elektronische Fernsehspiele in Farbe
* Motorradrennen
* Schützenspiel
* Seekrieg
* Grand Prix
* 1000-Treffer-Spiel

## References

* 1 2 "SHG black point [BINARIUM]". binarium.de. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
* 1 2 "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
* ↑ "SHG Blackpoint". Retrieved 3 December 2020.
* ↑ https://20thcenturyvideogames.com/index.php?action=vermodelos&submenu=&tipo=2&sistema=BlackPointSHG&verletra=B#BlackPointSHG
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "SHG Black Point". Wikipedia. 14 January 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/Retroid Pocket 3
## History

The system cost between $119 and $160.

## References

* ↑ Dunn, Jeff (16 December 2022). "What we bought: The Retroid Pocket 3 is my own personal retro-game museum". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/retroid-pocket-3-irl-153508438.html.
# History of video games/Platforms/Retroid Pocket 3+
## History

The system was released in September 2022.

## References

* ↑ Saltalamacchia, Brandon (26 April 2023). "Retroid Pocket Flip Review". Retro Dodo. https://retrododo.com/retroid-pocket-flip/.