OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Becoming a Private Pilot/Take Off

The basic point behind take off is simple. Get the airplane in the air without crashing into anything! There are a couple of standard ways to do this:

## Standard

The standard way to take off is fairly simple. Advance the throttle to full, and start off down the runway. Once your speed has sufficiently built (this should be your Vy speed) you pull back slightly on the stick, and raise the nose gear off of the runway. The airplane should, at this point, fly itself off the runway and into the air. Keep the airspeed at that Vy speed until you have finished climbing.

## To Clear a Fifty Foot Obstacle

Climb out at Vx, to clear a 50 foot obstacle at the end of the runway.

## Soft Field

With a soft field take off, the aircraft needs to get off the ground as soon as possible. Adjust flaps to 10degree, full aft on the yoke, and advance throttle full. You will prematurely lift off due to ground effect. Stay within ground effect (about the length of your wing span), and build your speed to Vx. Climb out at Vx.
# Beekeeping/Bee Brush

A bee brush is a soft bristled brush that can be used to gently, and harmlessly, remove bees from a surface. The bee brush is best used in small scale to move fewer bees per session, if the desired goal is to move bees quickly, in quantity the bee blower may be the proper tool. Bee brushes are made with long, soft, non-ridged bristles, which are gentle enough for moving bees off of delicate comb and firm enough to remove bees from old frames, equipment or the beekeeper. When used properly, a bee brush will not injure bees.

## Usage

To remove bees from a surface, carefully and quickly brush the bee brush perpendicular from the surface to be cleaned. Do not press too hard, especially on open brood cells and open honey cells, as you may either injure brood or make a mess of the honey.
Bee brushes may be used to clear honeycomb of bees, so to harvest the honey, however this may be a time consuming and difficult task. If the intention is to remove bees quickly from the honey super there exist sever options including use of a bee blower, a fume board, or a bee escape.

## Selecting a Bee Brush

Though useful, some beekeepers stay clear of a ready-made brush, and use a clump of grass, leaves or large feathers. Despite the bee brush’s many available competitors, having a ready to use bee brush at an instants notice is indispensable.

## Buying a Brush

Don't be tempted to purchase other generic brushes to be used as a bee brush. Bee brushes are made with very soft bristles so as not to harm bees. Know the approximate firmness of a brush before purchasing one.

## Maintenance

* Occasionally a bee brush will come in to contact with honey or propolis, in such a case it is advised to clean it with warm water and a gentile detergent, such as Dawn, if necessary.
# Beekeeping/Bee Suit
## Bee Suit

Most beekeepers wear special clothing to protect themselves from bee stings while they work. They should always wear a hat and veil to avoid stings around the face and eyes, but they can also wear special pants, plus a jacket and gloves. During honey removal, in unfavourable weather and late season, it's most important to be well protected, since bees may be more defensive or aggressive. The suit is usually white, since lighter colours are more calming to bees. Beekeeper gloves, usually made of leather or canvas, are very thin and pliable to allow the beekeeper more dexterity in working with bees and to reduce the likelihood of accidentally harming them.
# Beekeeping/Bottom Board

The bottom board is the floor of the hive that supports the weight of the entire hive. It typically has a 3/8 - 3/4 inch rim around three sides to allow the bees to enter the hive. It also usually extends 2 inches in front of the boxes to provide a landing board for the bees.
# Chess Guide for the Intermediate Player/Some basics for openings/Answer for Exercise 1

| Nf7 or Nc4 | This is a good move, but it's not checkmate - Black can escape to c6. Look for another check... |
| Qxd7 | Yikes - did you notice that Black can capture your queen with his bishop or queen? |
| Qe6 | Yikes - did you notice that Black can capture your queen with his king? |
| Qf6 | Yikes - did you notice that Black can capture your queen in three different ways? |
| Qg6 | This is not a bad move, but it's not checkmate - Black can block the check with his knight or e-pawn. Look for another check... |
| Nb5 | Checkmate! Excellent job! Notice how White is still occupying and controlling the center! |
| Other move | That doesn't even put Black in check, so how can it be checkmate? Try again... |
# Chess Guide for the Intermediate Player/Some basics for openings/Answer for Exercise 2

| Bxf7 | WRONG | Nice try, but Black can play 4. ... Kf7. You need to checkmate in 1 move! |
| Qxe5 | WRONG | The e5 pawn is defended by Black Knight on c6, so he can take your Queen now! Try again! |
| Qxf7 | RIGHT | That's right! Now we see a game that ends in 4 moves. So if you are playing a game, remember to keep f7 safe! We'll see more ways to defend it later. |
| Others | WRONG | That isn't a check! Please look for check. |
# Dunst Opening
### 1...c5
### Statistics
## Theory table

    1.Nc3 c5
| | 2 |
| Closed Siclian | e4 Nc6 | to 1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 |
| | Nf3 Nc6 | to 1.Nf3 c5 2.Nc3 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
# Dunst Opening
### 1.Nc3 d5
### Statistics
## Theory table

    1.Nc3 d5
| | 2 |
| Richter-Veresov Attack | d4 Nf6 | to 1.d4 d5 2.Nc3 |
| Caro-Kann, Two Knights, 3...Bg4 | e4 dxe4 | to 1.e4 d5 2.Nc3 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...Bb4/4. Bc4
## 4. Bc4

Black has a few options here:
* 4... O-O
* 4... d6
* 4... Bxc3
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Petroff Three Knights Variation
### 3...Bb4
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3.Nc3 Bb4
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Nxe5 | |
| Bc4 | |
| Bd3? Bxc3 | dxc3 d6 | h3 Nc6 | 0-0 Ne7 | Bg5 Ng6 | Qd2 h6 | Bxf6 Qxf6 | Bc4 Ng4 | =+ |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Petrov's Defence, Vladimir Variation

This is the Vladimir Variation of the Petrov's Defence. It is considered dubious for these reasons: It wastes tempo by moving the same knight again which is considered time-consuming. It also moves the knight to an awkward square, so it can easily be attacked. Finally, the knight on g4 isn't that effective and it is in danger of getting trapped.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nc3 Ng4
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...exd4/4. Nxd4/4...Qh4
## Scotch Game, Steinitz Variation
### 4...Qh4

5. Nf5 Qxe4+ 6. Ne3. White will follow with Nc3 to prepare a longer building development. (MasPur08)
The Main Line is:
5. Nc3 Bb4 White's pawn on e4 is almost overloaded 6. Be2 ... End of Main Line Scotch Game, Steinitz Variation.
6. Be2 appears to lose a pawn after 6 ... Qxe4 or 6...Bxc3 7. bxc3 Qxe4
But White can reply with a powerful attacking idea 8. Nb5, with slight edge. +- Template:Charles S. Bloodworth Jr. Novice-Player
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...exd4/4. c3
## Scotch Game/Göring Gambit

Similar to the Danish Gambit.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4.c3
| 4 | 5 |
| c3 d5 | exd5 Qxd5 | = |
| ... dxc3 | Nxc3 Bb4 | = |
| ... Nf6 | e5 Ne4 | = |
| ... d3 | Bxd3 d6 | += |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Konstantinopolsky Opening
### 3. g3?!

A rarely seen and usually illogical move, because the light squared bishop can already develop easily. White can fianchetto the bishop, but it is not always ideally placed here, and if he moves it along the f1-a6 diagonal, then the g2 and h3 squares easily become weak due to the compromised pawn structure.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. g3?!
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
# Trébuchet Gambit
### 4. Bxf7+?

White sacrifices a bishop to lure Black's king into the open, and then possibly checkmate or win material through Black's poor king safety. While this gambit is unsound, it can be employed in blitz games where Black may be likely to blunder. This opening is similar to the Jerome Gambit.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Bc4 Nxe4 4. Bxf7+
| 4 | 5 | |
| ... Kxf7 | Nxe5+ Kg8 | − + |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Corps-Style Marching/Technique/Principles

Corps-style marching technique aims to serve four basic purposes:
* Eliminate the disruptions to airflow and embouchre (for wind players) or rhythmic and dynamic accuracy (for percussionists) that can be caused by a non-fluid motion along the ground
* Ensure that the sound of all players is focused in generally the same direction, towards the audience on one side of the field
* Make all movements crisp, precise, and defined so as to make marching formations easier to read and more pleasant to watch
* Give the performer an air of assured confidence
A normal walking gait, as well as so-called "Big Ten"-style marching, involves the foot impacting the ground rather forcefully. For wind players especially, this can cause problems with maintaining a steady sound akin to the problems one experiences when talking while driving in a car down a rough gravel road. Corps-style marching aims to eliminate this by minimizing the force with which the foot impacts the ground. It does this in two ways:
* Minimizing the total amount of force the ground is impacted with
* Minimizing the component of that force that is normal to the ground
Specifically, the goal is to achieve a gliding or rolling motion in the foot that smooths out the natural jolts and bumps experienced, especially when performing on rough ground.
# Corps-Style Marching

Since the late 1970s, corps-style marching has replaced so-called "Big Ten-style" marching as the dominant technique classification among competitive high school marching bands. Its rise to pre-eminence among high schools, along with modern drum & bugle corps where it has always been dominant and a small but growing number of college bands, has raised the demand for instructors well-versed in all facets of technique, and familiar with all the variants of the general style. This book is geared towards:
* The instructor who wishes to gain a greater understanding of the stylistic and physiological concepts behind corps-style marching, and to understand the variants which he may be asked to teach but was never exposed to in his own performing career
* The performer who wishes to pursue an understanding of what he is doing beyond the instruction provided to him by his visual caption staff.

## Contents
### Authors & Contributors

This book has been written and edited by those listed on the Authors & Contributors page.

### Part 1: Technique

* Principles
* Posture
* Body Carriage
* Horn Carriage
* Horn Movements
* Commands
* Mark Time
* Timing and Tempo
* High Mark Time
* Forward Step
* Backwards Step
* Crab Step
* Flanking
* Sliding
* Direction Change Technique
* Step Sizes

### Part 2: Parade Marching

* The Block
* Dress and Cover
* Maintaining Spacing
* Turning Corners
* Timing

### Part 3: Drill Marching

* Basic Formations
* Coordinates
* Form and Interval
* Dress, Cover, Set, and Guide
* Maintaining Forms
* Maintaining Tempo
* Odd Meters

### Part 4: Appendices

* Construction and Use of a Foot Guide
# Corporate wiki

A corporate wiki is a wiki for business use.

## Uses

A wiki can be used to collaborate and track changes to various documents (such as written policies and procedures), while keeping all previous versions on file in case of need to refer back to them later. Wikis have a lot of useful collaboration tools like version control, watchlists, etc. that software like MS Word lacks.
Usually the problem with written procedures and policies is that they go out of date almost immediately. Therefore, a company may have some documents on the shared drive that are so outdated as to be misleading. However, the alternative is that updates to procedure are announced by email, and then if someone new comes on board, they might not have that information because the email was sent out before they were hired.

## Steps for establishing a corporate wiki

Possible steps for establishing the wiki could include:
* Bring up the idea with co-workers, and find out people’s level of interest in the idea, experience/skill with wikis (creating pages, editing templates, performing sysop actions, etc.), and what role in the wiki they'd want to have (reader, editor, sysop, etc.).
* Figure out who will be on the wiki leadership team in charge of administering the wiki. Ideally, this should be a cross-departmental team.
* Get someone with some clout (e.g. a supervisor or manager) to submit the request to IT to set up the wiki.
* IT will need to identify an IT person who knows (or will learn) how to install, configure, and upgrade MediaWiki.
* After the wiki is set up, create a few wiki pages explaining how to use the wiki, what its purposes are, a brief set of policies/guidelines for content and collaboration, etc.
* Have a "soft launch" in which the wiki leadership team, and others whom they tell about the wiki, begin adding useful content to the wiki, so that the wiki isn't completely empty when the company has the hard launch, and so that other employees can follow the example of what already exists when they create their own content.
* Have a "hard launch" in which the chair of the wiki leadership team sends out a corporate-wide email announcing the wiki's existence and purpose, and providing a few links to useful resources, and contact information for people on the wiki leadership team who are able and willing to provide assistance and answer questions about the wiki.

## See also

* mw:EMWCon
* mw:Enterprise hub
* mw:Manual:Deciding whether to use a wiki as your website type

## External links

* http://lifehacker.com/5636982/stop-repeating-yourself-set-up-a-workplace-wiki
* http://spf13.com/post/implementing-a-corporate-wiki
* https://bloomfire.com/blog/corporate-wikis-are-dead/
* http://www.pcworld.com/article/156066/corporate_wiki.html
* http://www.industryweek.com/research-amp-development/seven-strategies-implementing-successful-corporate-wiki
* https://blog.ldodds.com/2006/07/27/embracing-the-wiki-way-deploying-a-corporate-wiki/
# Corps-Style Marching/Authors & Contributors

List of Contributors to Corps-Style Marching:
Deus Trombonae ????
Kevin Lakhani - Contributor, has written one page so far.
# Corset

Corsets have a curious history. Western women of the upper class wore them for centuries. Women have protested the use of corsets, saying their restrictive nature is un-feminist. Still, people wear corsets to this day. This wikibook aims to provide information about the history, making and cultural significance of corsets. New contributors welcome!

## The Corset Book

* History
** The Stays
** The French Corset (whalebone and sewing machine)
** The classic Victorian corset (steelbone and belly)
** The Edwardian corsets (hollow back.)
* Tightlacing in Corset
** Tightlacing/Affect
* Make a Corset
* Against Corset
* Books About Corsets
* Corsets in popular culture
* Dictionary
** Dictionary/Floating ribs
** Tightlacing/Edwardian

## See also

* Costume History
# Corps-Style Marching/Parade/The Block

The Block, or "Basic Block" is the standard and most basic way in which a group of people (especially a Marching Band or similar ensemble) march during a parade. The Block may consist of a variable amount of rows or columns as long as it maintains its rectangular grid, shape, with the exception of when the group of marchers makes a turn.

## Maintaining the Block Formation

The Block formation is maintained by each marcher "dressing" his or her column, row, and diagonal. In other words, all marchers must make sure that the column and row they are in form straight lines and that there is a diagonal line is formed with marchers in the rows ahead of them.

### Straight Columns

In order to keep each column straight, each marcher in the Block should aim to place themselves in a position in which the only person in their column whom is visible is the person directly in front of them. If a marcher can see every person in his or her column, the marcher knows he or she is out of place and must reposition him/herself.

### Straight Rows

Each row in the Block must be as straight as possible. This is achieved by each marcher in a row using his or her peripheral vision to align themselves with each other.

### Correct Diagonals

Diagonals play a major part in perfecting the Block. Diagonals create a pleasing geometric form by making each row and column have even spacing with each other. To understand how this is done, imagine that each marcher is a point on a coordinate plane. On this coordinate plane, each marcher should form a diagonal line which has a 1/1 ratio.
# Corps-Style Marching/Technique/Commands

Although commands may slightly vary from one marching ensemble to the next, the commands are generally the same or are normally recognizable to those familiar with commands. There are standing, moving, and turning commands.

## Standing Commands
### To the Ready

This command is meant to tell the group of marchers that they are about to be given commands, such as being called to attention. The person giving this command will say something along the lines of "Band, To the Ready" after which there should be silence and each marcher should prepare themselves for the commands which will follow soon after.

### Parade Rest

Parade Rest is the stance in which the group of marchers stands with feet apart, hands at their sides, and heads usually toward the ground. This command is used just before calling the ensemble to attention or, alternatively, to call the ensemble out of attention. Usually, the individual giving commands will say "Band, Pa-rade Rest!" to give this command.

### Attention

Attention is used to bring a group of marchers out of parade rest. This is a sharp movement and, when done correctly, is an eye-grabber for the audience. To call a group to attention, the person giving commands will usually say "Band, Ten Hut!" and as the marchers go into their attention stance
(feet together,head up, good posture) they will respond "Hut!"

### Right/Left Face

The command given to execute this move is either "Left face!" or "Left Hace!" (directions either being left or right as needed). Your response to their command will be "one, two", which will have to follow the tempo in which the command was given. On "one", you will pivot 90°, on your heel, with the foot corresponding to the command(if it was "right face", right foot, or left foot if it was "left face"). This step will leave you on the heel of one foot and the other on the ball of the foot, and both sets of toes facing in the direction to which you were commanded to turn. Now, on "two", your other foot(the one where you were left standing on the ball of the foot), will join your first foot and resume attention.
# Could Sherlock Holmes Have Been a Good Geologist?/Introduction

Observation is the basis of all the empiric procedures and is the most elemental form of the scientific knowledge. There isn't any specialty or branch of the sciences where measurements, descriptions or observations in the broad sense of the word, are not carried out. The correct observation of a phenomenon contributes to its better comprehension, also allowing a more rational and effective orientation of the investigation.
A scientific observation not only should supply information about the investigated object, but it must also provoke the formulation of new problems or should reveal new facets of the same problem.
In this paper, we show that observation is an interpretive process and we argue its cyclical character, suggesting the steps to follow during the observation of a phenomenon. We believe it is imperative that the researcher possesses at least an hypothesis or initial idea about of the process under study before beginning its analysis. This way the objective of the observation is reduced to verify the certainty of the hypothesis, on the basis of only a few observations.
Now, the question that needs to be answered is "How can I achieve a correct observation?"
# Costume History/Greek
## Greek Costume Design
### Types Of Clothing

Peplos- The peplos was a made of a large square piece of cloth. The cloth was folded double on the upper body, and the entire piece of cloth was folded around the body, and fastened over each shoulder. The ionic or laconic peplos was open on the side of the body, while the Doric peplos was sewn shut like a tube. Usually a belt was worn over the peplos. In Greece the peplos was mostly worn before the 5th century BC.
Chiton- the chiton was a large square of cloth. During the Doric era the cloth was folded and then wrapped around the body then held in place with pins. During the Ionic era the cloth was first sewn into a tube. Both eras used bets around the waist.
Himation- the himation was a large piece of cloth that was placed over the left shoulder and around the back then under the right arm. The cloth usually reached the knees but could be longer, and it was usually very heavy and used as a cloak against cold weather.
Chlamys- the chlamys was a shorter version of the himation worn only by men and soldiers.
Colors- contrary to popular belief Greek clothing came in many different colors and shades not cream or white.

### Women

Women would wear any of these items except the chlamys. They also wore cosmetics. Using ashes as eye shadow, white lead was used to make skin paler, the juice of the alkanet root was used like rouge, they even used lipstick. Perfume was also very important. Hair was styled to show marital status and held in stylized locks by diadems or headbands.

### Men

Men, in general, wore simpler clothing than women. They did not wear the peplos and their chiton was shorter and only wrapped around one shoulder.

### Shoes

At home the Greeks generally went bare foot but in public they would strap a piece of leather to their foot to make a sort of sandal.

### Accessories

Jewelry was seen as a form of art to wear and had no class standing but was limited by what one could afford. It was also used as offering to the gods and was sometimes buried with the dead.

### Time Periods

There were three main time periods during ancient Greece; the Doric era which took place in the sixth century BC, Ionic in the Fifth, and Hellenistic during the Fourth. Doric and ionic set the stage for Greek fashion while Hellenistic was the time during which Greek culture was at its peak.

## Gallery

* Ancient Macedonian mosaic depicting a lion hunt. Alexander the Great wears a kausia on his head and both hunters wear kausia.

## References

* http://www.fjkluth.com/hair.html
* http://www.annaswebart.com/culture/costhistory/ancient/
* http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing_in_Ancient_Greece#Types_of_clothing
* http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Jewelry/
* http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/HELLGREE.HTM