OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Postal Act
## History

From http://law.moj.gov.tw/eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=K0050001 :
* Promulgated on July 5, 1935.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on April 9, 1941.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on October 24, 1941.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on January 10, 1942.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on November 30, 1942.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on May 22, 1943.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on February 22, 1944.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on October 1, 1945.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on November 1, 1946.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on June 30, 1947.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on March 15, 1948.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on July 31, 1948.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on November 17, 1948.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on December 31, 1948.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on June 22, 1949.
* Amendment to Article 5~9,11~13,15,22~25,27~29,33,36,39,40,44~46,48,49 promulgated on December 6, 1952.
* Amendment to Article 4,5,7,25,34 promulgated on February 1, 1977.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on June 13, 1983.
* Amendment to Article 4 promulgated on July 15, 1988.
* Amendment to Article 5 promulgated on May 16, 2001.
* Amendment to 49 articles in all per Presidential Decree No.Hua-Zong-Yi-Yi-Zi-09100138680 dated July 10, 2002.Implemented on January 1,2003 per Executive Yuan Decree No.Yuan-Tai-Jiiao-Zi-0910060323 dated December 5, 2002.
* Amendment to Article 10, 49 and deletion of Article 20 per Presidential Decree No.Hua-Zong-Yi-Yi-Zi-10000079381 dated April 27, 2011;and implemented from announcement date.

## Wikibooks annotation

* ↑ This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Postal Act/Article 49

| ←Article 20 to Article 48 | Postal Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 49 | Article 50→ |

## Promulgated complete amendment on 2002-07-10

(Effective on 2003-01-01, from http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/news/news_detail.aspx?id=965 )

### Article 49

    The Executive Yuan shall set the date this Act goes into effect.

## Promulgated deletion on 2011-04-27

(From http://law.moj.gov.tw/eng/LawClass/LawSearchNo.aspx?PC=K0050001&DF=&SNo=49 retrieved on 2016-02-25)

### Article 49

    The Executive Yuan shall set the date this Act goes into effect.
    The revision of Article 10 and the elimination of Article 20 made on April 8, 2011 shall enter into force on the date of promulgation.
# A User's Guide to Serre's Arithmetic/The Theorem on Arithmetic Progressions
## Characters of Finite Abelian Groups
### Modular Characters

Proposition 5 uses a couple clever tricks:
* $\varepsilon :(2\mathbb {N} +1,\cdot )\to (\mathbb {Z} /2,+)$ is a monoid morphism
* $x\equiv 1{\text{ }}({\text{mod }}4l_{1}\cdots l_{k})$ implies $x\equiv 1{\text{ }}({\text{mod }}4)$ and $x\equiv 1{\text{ }}({\text{mod }}l_{i})$
# A User's Guide to Serre's Arithmetic

This wikibook is a companion guide to Serre's book on arithmetic. His proofs will be dissected, external references will be made, technique discussed, and computations made

## Finite Fields

In this chapter Serre studies the basic properties of finite fields. Of them, he gives uniqueness of finite fields $\mathbb {F} _{q}$ of characteristic $p$ and order $q=p^{f}$, gives the structure of the group $\mathbb {F} _{q}^{*}$, discusses solutions of polynomials over finite fields, and gives a necessary and sufficient condition for
    ${\frac {\mathbb {F} _{q}[x]}{(x^{2}-a)}}$
to be a field extension or the product ring $\mathbb {F} _{q}\times \mathbb {F} _{q}$.

## References

* Serre - A Course in Arithmetic
* https://people.ucsc.edu/~weissman/Math222A/SerreAnn.pdf
* https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-782-introduction-to-arithmetic-geometry-fall-2013/lecture-notes/
# A User's Guide to Serre's Arithmetic/Hilbert Symbol
## Local Properties
### Definition and First Properties

For a fixed (local) field $k=\mathbb {Q} _{p},\mathbb {R}$ the Hilbert symbol of two $a,b\in k^{*}$ is defined as
    $(a,b)_{p}={\begin{cases}1&{\text{if }}ax^{2}+by^{2}=z^{2}{\text{ for some }}(x,y,z)\in k^{3}-\{(0,0,0)\}\\-1&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}$
If we replace $a,b$ by $ac^{2},bd^{2}$, then
    $z^{2}=ac^{2}x^{2}+bd^{2}y^{2}=a(cx)^{2}+b(dy)^{2}$
showing that if we multiply, $a,b$ by squares, then their Hilbert symbols does not change. Hence the Hilbert symbol factors as
    $(\cdot ,\cdot )_{p}:{\frac {k^{*}}{(k^{*})^{2}}}\times {\frac {k^{*}}{(k^{*})^{2}}}\to \mathbb {F} _{2}$
Serre goes on to prove that this is in fact a bilinear form over $\mathbb {F} _{2}$ in the next subsection.
After the definition he gives a method for computing the Hilbert Symbol in the proposition: It states that there is a short exact sequence
    $1\to Nk_{b}^{*}\to k^{*}{\xrightarrow {(\cdot ,a)_{p}}}\{\pm 1\}\to 1$
where $k_{b}=k({\sqrt {}b))$ and
    $N:k_{b}^{*}\to k^{*}$ sends $x+y{\sqrt {b}}\mapsto (x+y{\sqrt {b}})(x-y{\sqrt {b}})=x^{2}-by^{2}$
He then goes on to prove/state some identities useful for computation:
* $(a,b)_{p}=(b,a)_{p}$
* $(a,b^{2})_{p}=1$
* $(a,-a)_{p}=1$
* $(a,1-a)_{p}=1$
* $(a,b)_{p}=1\Rightarrow (aa',b)_{p}=(a',b)_{p}$
* $(a,b)_{p}=(a,-ab)_{p}=(a,(1-a)b)_{p}$
* $(aa',b)_{p}=(a,b)_{p}(a',b)_{p}$ is proven in the theorem

### Computation of $(a,b)$
## References

* https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-782-introduction-to-arithmetic-geometry-fall-2013/lecture-notes/MIT18_782F13_lec10.pdf
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Enforcement Rules of the Name Act

The Enforcement Rules of the Name Act administratively supplement the Name Act in Taiwan.

## History

From http://law.moj.gov.tw/eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=D0030012 :
* Promulgated and come into force on June 20, /1953, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.32492 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on June 28, 1955, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.71748 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on May 10, 1958, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.8378 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on J October 19, 1961, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.67693 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on March 11, 1985, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.298146 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on February. 12, 1992, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.8174535 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on February 5, 1997, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.8678274 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on October 18, 2000, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.8965863 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on October 11, 2001, by Tai-(90)-Hu-Zi No.9008838 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on January 29, 2004, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0930065809 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on March 21, 2008, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0970044904 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on January 7, 2010, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0980240949 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Amended and promulgated on April 11, 2011, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.10000653871 Order of the Ministry of the Interior

## Wikibooks annotation

* 1 2 This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Enforcement Rules of the Nationality Act

The Enforcement Rules of the Nationality Act administratively supplement the Nationality Act in Taiwan.

## History

From http://law.moj.gov.tw/eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=D0030022 :
* Adopted and promulgated on February 1, 2001, by Tai(90)-Nei-Hu-Zi No.9068204 Order of the Ministry of the Interior.
* Amended and promulgated on April 8, 2004, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0930004575 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Articles 8 and 10 amended and promulgated on December 30, 2005, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0940071434 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Partial articles amended and promulgated on February 14, 2008, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0970026017 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Article 7 amended and promulgated on November 14, 2008, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0970184578 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Partial articles amended and promulgated on December 30, 2009, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No.0980234924 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Articles 7 and 16 amended and promulgated on April 29, 2010, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No. 0990082147 Order of the Ministry of the Interior
* Article 8 amended and promulgated on December 30, 2014, by Tai-Nei-Hu-Zi No. 1031201951 Order of the Ministry of the Interior

## Wikibooks annotation

* ↑ This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Enforcement Rules of the Motion Picture Act

The Enforcement Rules of the Motion Picture Act administratively supplement the Motion Picture Act in Taiwan.

## History

From http://law.moj.gov.tw/eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=P0040003 :
Approved via Executive Yuan Letter (73) Tai Wen No. 15019 on September 12, 1984
* Promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (73) Jing Ying I No. 13124 on September 15, 1984
* Revision promulgated via Executive Yuan Letter (74) Tai Wen No. 22260 on December 4, 1985
* Revision of Appendix III promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (74) Jing Ying I No. 16498 on December 9, 1985
* Revision of Article 14 promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (80) Ming Ying II No. 00599 on February 23, 1991
* Revision of Article 14 promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (83) Ciang Ying II No. 00002 on January 1, 1994
* Revision of Articles 10, 11 and 44 and Appendices I, II, III, IV, and V promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (83) Ciang Ying I No. 05707 on April 13, 1994
* Revision of Articles 10 and 16 and Appendices I, II, III, IV, and V promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (83) Ciang Ying I No. 20737 on November 30, 1994
* Revision of Articles 13, 15, 16, and 37, and Appendices I, II, and V, and deletion of Articles 5, 9, and 19 promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (86) Ci Ying I No. 05034 on April 23, 1997
* Revision of Article 14 promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (86) Wei Ying II No. 11633 on August 20, 1997
* Revision of Article 16 promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (90) Jheng Ying III No. 02885 on March 12, 2001
* Deletion of Article 14 promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (91) Jheng Ying II No.0910000017 on January 9, 2002
* Revision of Article 17 promulgated via Government Information Office Decree (91) Sin Ying III No. 0910006034 on April 3, 2002
* Revision of the Act and Appendices I, II, III, IV, and V promulgated via Government Information Office Decree Sin Ying III No. 0960002208Z on February 27, 2007

## Wikibooks annotation

* ↑ This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations Governing the Classification of Motion Pictures

The Regulations Governing the Classification of Motion Pictures administratively supplement the Motion Picture Act in Taiwan to classify the films.

## History

From http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=P0040007 :
* Promulgated on January 1, 1988, by the Government Information Office Decree (77) Min Ying II No. 00002.
* Revisions of Articles 2 and 9 promulgated on June 8, 1988, by the Government Information Office Decree (77) Min Ying II No. 07867.
* Revisions of Articles 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 promulgated on April 1, 1994, by the Government Information Office Decree (83) Ciang Ying II No. 04158.
* Revisions of Articles 1 ; deletion of Article 10 promulgated on December 23, 2002, by the Government Information Office Decree Sin Ying II No. 0910521473A.
* Revision promulgated on January 24, 2008, by the Government Information Office Decree Sin Ying II No. 0960521606Z.

## Wikibooks annotation

* ↑ This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations Governing the Classification of Motion Pictures/1988

The Regulations Governing the Classification of Motion Pictures of the Republic of China
* Approved on August 31, 1987, by the Executive Yuan Letter (76) Wen No. 20208, and promulgated January 1, 1988, by the Government Information Office Decree (77) Ming Ying II No. 00002.
* Revision approved on May 20, 1988, by the Executive Yuan Letter (77) Wen No. 13029, and promulgated June 8, 1988, by the Government Information Office Decree (77) Ming Ying II No. 07867.
* Revisions of Articles 2, 3, 5 and 11 approved on March 7, 1994, by the Executive Yuan Letter (83) Wen No. 8277, and promulgated April 1, 1994, by the Government Information Office Decree (83) Ciang Ying II No. 04158.
* Revision of Article 1 and repeal of Article 10 promulgated on December 23, 2002, by the Government Information Office Decree Sin Ying II No. 0910521473A.

## Article 2

* Restricted category (abbreviated as “R”): Viewing is not permitted for those under 18.
* Parental guidance category (abbreviated as “PG”): Viewing is not permitted for children under 12; attention and guidance from parents, teachers, or seniors are required for adolescent viewers between 12 and 17.
* Protected category (abbreviated as “P”): Viewing is not permitted for children under six; children viewers between six and 11 shall be accompanied and given guidance by parents, teachers, seniors, or adult relatives or friends.
* General audiences category (abbreviated as “G”): Viewing is permitted for audiences of all ages.

## Article 3

* It depicts in detail gambling techniques, drug abuse, drug trafficking, brothel visits, robbery, kidnapping, burglary, smuggling, gangster activities, or other criminal actions, which could induce imitation.
* Its plot heavily involves terror, bloodshed, atrocity, or psychological abnormality.
* It presents sexual obscenity through action, image, language, or sound.

## Article 4

* It involves sex, crime, violence or fights, bizarre or monstrous phenomena, or phenomena that reflect social aberrations, which could adversely affect the mental health of children.
* It uses obscene language or dialogue with unhealthy connotations.

## Article 11

Note: This is a translation from the Chinese text of the regulations. In case of any discrepancy between the Chinese and English texts, the Chinese text shall govern.
Template:PD-TW Source: http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/Fnews/FnewsContent.asp?msgid=589&msgType=en
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Breach of Undertaking, Recognizance, or Probation
## Breach of Undertaking, Recognizance, or Probation

| Case | Citation | Sentence | Summary |
| R. v. Murphy | [2011] N.J. No. 43 (C.A.) | | 1 to 3 mo for breaches |
| R. v. Power | [2010] N.J. No. 331 (P.C.) | | |
| R. v. Oxford | [2010] N.J. No. 232 (C.A.) | | 1 mo starting point |
| R. v. Lavers | [2010] N.J. No. 390 (C.A.) | 3 months | |
| R. v. Suarak | (2006), 262 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 230 (N.L.S.C.) | 1 year | breach of 810 order; also sentenced on domestic violence |
| R. v. S.G. | 2006 NLTD 144 | fine and probation | breach of youth probation as well as assault and mischief. |
| R. v. Bennet | 2004 CanLII 21438 (NL PC) | 60 days | consent contact |
| R. v. J.R.B. | [2004] N.J. No. 39 (P.C.) | 60 days | two failures to report to the police as required by the undertaking |
| R. v. Spellacy | 1995 CanLII 9898 (NL CA) | 60 days | also convicted of mischief |
recognizance
| Case | Citation | Sentence | Summary |
| R. v. Warren | 1999 CanLII 2205 (ON C.A.) | 12 months for 4 counts | out on sexual assault; long record |
| R. v. Watson | (1991), Alta. CA | 1 month concurrent | domestic assault; contact breach |
probation
| Case | Citation | Sentence | Summary |
| R. v. Jorgensen | 2007 BCPC 206 | 20 days after 8 days credit | |

## Failure to Appear or Attend

| Case | Citation | Sentence | Summary |
| R. v. Cox | [2009] N.J. No. 333 (P.C.) | | |
| R. v. Williams | [2007] N.J. No. 97 | | |
| R. v. Sheppard | [2006] N.J. No. 116 (P.C.) | 3 months (each) | failed to attend court 4 times, also convicted of other offences for a total of 19 months |
| R. v. Gale | [2006] N.J. No. 87 (P.C.) | | |
| R. v. Giovannini | [2005] N.J. No. 94 (P.C.) | 60 days | also charged with refusal and fail to report |
| R. v. Banks | 2005 ABCA 55 | 6 months | Offender charged in relation to a sophisticated chop shop. Fled in stolen car before sentencing. |
| R. v. J.E.M. | [2004] N.J. No. 117 (P.C.) | 1 month | failed to attend court, also charged with many other offences |
| R. v. R.J.S. | 1994 Alta. Prov. Ct. | 1 day consecutive | |
| R. v. Dupont | 1990 YT Terr. Ct. | $150 fine | |
Failure to attend for Identification
| Case | Citation | Sentence | Summary |
| R. v. Giovanninni | [2005] N.J. No. 94 (P.C.) | 60 days | |
| R. v. O'Keefe | [2006] N.J. No. 290 (P.C.) | dishcarge | also charged with mischief, no record |
| R. v. Pardy | [2009] N.J. No. 321 (P.C.) | 1 month | |
| R. v. Whiteway | [2010] N.J. No. 141 (P.C.) | S/S | |
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases

List of Sentencing Case Digests
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Common Assault (also assault with a weapon and CBH)
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Aggravated Assault
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Kidnapping and Unlawful Confinement
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Break and Enter
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Child Pornography
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Child Luring
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Drug Possession
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Drug Production
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Drug Trafficking
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Fraud
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Mischief
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Theft
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Possession of Stolen Property
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Perjury
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Homicide
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Impaired Driving, Over 80 and Refusal
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Impaired Driving, Over 80 and Refusal Causing Bodily Harm or Death
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Robbery
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Sexual Assault
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Arson
* Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/LTO and DO Applications
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Cases/Counterfeiting
## Counterfeiting

| Case | Citation | Amount | Sentence | Summary |
| R. v. Flynn | 2012 BCPC 313 (CanLII) | $184,830 and $1,148,700 | 3.5 years | two separate incidents of counterfeiting |
| R. v. Khaira | 2011 ABPC 340 | 14,000 counterfeit credit cards 6,000 counterfeit driver's licences | 14 months | importing |
| R. v. Homeniuk | 2011 BCPC 114 | one U.S. counterfeit $50 | 3 mo CSO | |
| R. v. Cardinal | 2011 ABCA 373 | | 15 months | forged bank draft for gambling |
| R. v. Ijam | 2007 ONCA 597 | $8000 | 21 mo CSO | |
| R. v. Rafuse | 2004 SKCA 161 | five Canadian $100 bills | 6 months after remand | past record for theft |
| R. v. Christophersen | 2002 ABPC 173 | | 2 years | |
| R. v. Al Saidi | 2006 NBPC 22 | | 17 months | |
| R. v. Dunn | [1998] O.J. No. 807 (Ont. C.A.) | | 30 months | |
| R. v. Desrochers | [1998] A.Q. No. 934 (Quebec Court Crim. Div.) | $998,080 in Cdn bills | 3 years | |
| R. v. Germain | [1995] A.Q. No. 254 | | $3000 fine | |
| R. v. Rachid | [1994] O.J. No. 4228 (Ont. Prov. Div.) | 20$ bill x 18 | 5 months jail | |
| R. v. Le | [1993] B.C.J. No. 165 (C.A.) | $8000 counterfeit | 9 months jail | |
| R. v. Bruno | [1991] O.J. No. 2680 (Ont. Gen Div.) | one million+ dollars of counterfeit U.S. bills | 30 months | |
| R. v. Leung | [1985] B.C.J. No. 2165 (B.C.C.A.) | $65,000 U.S. counterfeit traveller’s cheques | 14 years | |
| R. v. Sonsalla | (1971), 15 C.R.N.S. 99 (Que. C.A.) | 24,100 counterfeit $20 bills | 4 years | |
# Beekeeping/Editing Guide
## Request for Help

Beekeeping is designed as a collaborative book based on beekeeping and apiary practices. It exists as a guide to both beginners and experts alike. However if there are any experts in the audience we ask that you donate some of your time to help this project out by submitting some text or media. Every additional amount of text is helpful, whether it be a simply adding missing punctuation or the addition of great body of text. This book cannot evolve on its own; it requires your help. Please don’t be discouraged even if you are not an expert; if you have something to add then please do so. Any help is appreciated.

## Submitting Text

Articles can be submitted in the same manner as any other Wiki submission, with one minor difference. Article links must be formed with a prefix of “Beekeeping” followed by a slash “/”. In example to submit a link about beekeeping fashion you must do the following
Linking is done similarly to that of Namespace linking, in essence Beekeeping functions similarly to a namespace while not actually being one.
For a general reference guide of editing Wiki pages visit the How_to_edit_a_page page.

## New Book

Beekeeping is a new book. Because of this you will see a rather copious amount of red text, please help us by adding a missing article.

## If It’s Missing Add It

If at any time you see that an article is missing, feel free to add it or add a request for it. Occasionally subjects can be overlooked and may not be added, other times no one has simply taken the time to add one, take the initiative and do so.

## Stand Back and Take a Bow

If you have submitted anything to Beekeeping please add your name and any comments you might have to the Contributors list. Any added info you can relay in regards to your experience or background with bees would be an added plus.
# Beekeeping/Food Recipes

There already exists a free Wiki Cookbook. At the moment there is no reason not to visit them for recipes. This however, may change in the future, as recipes may become more specialized. Wiki Cookbook Honey Page

## A Few Select Recipies

A quick sampling of recipes involving honey, courtesy of the Wiki Cookbook follows:
* Honey Taffy
* White Bread
* BBQ Spare Ribs

## For More Recipes

For more Honey and Honey Relate recipes visit Honey related recipes on the Wiki Cookbook.
# Beekeeping/Gloves

Beekeeping gloves are, as the name suggests, special gloves made for beekeeping. They are made of leather and other tough but flexible materials. The gloves extend to the elbows, where they are tied. Many experienced beekeepers do not use gloves as bees will generally not sting unless provoked. For beginners, however, both because they are more likely to make mistakes and because they aren't so used to being around bees, gloves are definitely a good idea.
Some people use thin nitrile gloves as an alternative to heavy duty leather gloves. These gloves are more sensitive and therefore result in less chance that bees will get inadvertently crushed. In addition, bees don't perceive the nitrile gloves as skin so they tend not to sting through the gloves.