OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Interlingual Energizers/Magic Objects

Facilitator :
| amount | 1, several for unexperienced groups |
| language level | (advanced) |
| Participants ||
| age | 10+ |
| group size | 5-20 |
| Setting ||
| materials | an object which can be used in several ways (e.g. a plastic back, a stick, a rope, a piece of paper) |
| space | free space, either outdoors or indoors |
| time | 5-15 min |
| Outcome ||
| encourages creativity, acting out pantomimes, introduction to theatre ||
The activity Magic Objects (Deutsch: Magische Objekte) is part of the collection of interlingual energizers. See a list of all activities.

## Introduction

The introduction is also available in 1 other languages: Deutsch
This game is about acting. An actress or an actor has to use her or his imagination to create a story out of the things around her/him. The things around as are not items which can be used in a single way, but they can have many different purposes.

## Rules

The rules is also available in 1 other languages: Deutsch
* Let's stand in a circle.
* Who ever has an idea goes in the middle, takes the object and shows us how one can use it. You are not allowed to use your voice.
* The others guess what she or he wants to show us.
* The first person who guesses goes in the middle.
* I'll show you an example.

## Possible extensions

* You can use this game for teaching words in a foreign language to the participants. You can introduce the rule that only a certain language can be used or that they not only have to say the name of the object but build complete sentences including the name and the action.
* You can bring two or more objects and make the participants interact with each other.
* The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsi­ble for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
# History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win
## History

The GPD Win launched in 2017.

## References

* ↑ Byford, Sam (21 December 2017). "The GPD Win is a miraculous gaming laptop that fits in your pocket" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/21/16804940/gpd-win-review-2-specs-features-price.
* ↑ "GPD Win gaming handheld is an assault on Nintendo Switch — and Windows 10". Windows Central. 17 March 2017. https://www.windowscentral.com/gpd-win-review.
# History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win 3
## History

The system was released generally in 2021.

## References

* ↑ Alderson, Alex. "The GPD Win 3 is now orderable from outside of Indiegogo" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/The-GPD-Win-3-is-now-orderable-from-outside-of-Indiegogo.537779.0.html.
* ↑ Klotz, Aaron (3 May 2021). "GPD's Win 3 Tiger Lake Gaming Handheld Goes On Sale This Month" (in en). Tom's Hardware. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/gpd-win-3-tiger-lake-on-sale.
# History of video games/Platforms/GPD XD
## History

The GPD XD was released in 2015.
A plus edition was announced in 2018.

## References

* ↑ "GamePad Digital GPD XD" (in en). Trusted Reviews. https://www.trustedreviews.com/reviews/gamepad-digital-gpd-xd.
* ↑ Solca, Bogdan. "GPD XD Plus Android handheld gaming system now available for pre-order" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/GPD-XD-Plus-Android-handheld-gaming-system-now-available-for-pre-order.279932.0.html.
# History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win Max
## Technology

Due to the powerful components used by the system, fans were used for air cooling.
The system weighs 850 grams (1.9 lb).

## References

* ↑ Judd, Will (3 March 2021). "GPD Win Max review: the world's best tiny gaming laptop" (in en). Eurogamer. https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/digitalfoundry-2021-03-03-gpd-win-max-the-worlds-best-tiny-gaming-laptop.
* ↑ Ngo, Allen. "GPD Win Max 2021 Handheld Gaming Laptop Review: Ryzen 7 Slower Than Core i7" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/GPD-Win-Max-2021-Handheld-Gaming-Laptop-Review-Ryzen-7-Slower-Than-Core-i7.556676.0.html.
# History of video games/Platforms/GP2X Wiz
## History

The GP2X Wiz was originally supposed to be released in late 2008 for $179. The Wiz was actually released in 2009.
The system faced significant competition from the Dingoo A-320, which performed similarly at half the cost.

## Technology
### Compute

The GP2X Wiz is powered by a MagicEyes Pollux VR3520F SOC containing an ARM926TEJ CPU clocked at 533 megahertz. The SOC has a 3D GPU capable of drawing 1.33 million polygons a second.
The GP2X Wiz has 64 megabytes of DDR SDRAM.

### Hardware

The system uses an AMOLED 2.8 inch touchscreen and a resolution of 320 by 240 pixels.
The GP2X Wiz has 1 gigabyte of built in flash storage.
The GP2X Wiz uses a Cirrus Logic 43L22 digital to analog converter for stereo audio and has a built in microphone.
The GP2X Wiz is powered by a lithium polymer battery rated at 2000 mAh, and lasting about 7 hours.

### Software

The GP2X Wiz runs GNU/Linux and is compatible with Flash 7.

## References

* 1 2 3 4 "Gampark's GP2X Wiz handheld now available". Engadget. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
* ↑ "Handheld video game console:GP2X Wiz Game System - GamePark Holdings". Google Arts & Culture.
* ↑ "GamePark GP2X Wiz Review". Retro Games Collector. 23 March 2010.
* 1 2 "GP2X Wiz". www.pocketgamer.com.
* ↑ "GPH GP2X Wiz specs (Meet Gadget)". www.meetgadget.com. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Irrlicht Engine • View topic - Irrlicht 1.4 GP2x Caanoo". irrlicht.sourceforge.net.
* 1 2 3 "GP2X WIZ GAME SYSTEM". www.play-asia.com.
# History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win 4
## Technology

The system was based on the Ryzen 7 6800U processor.

## References

* ↑ Coke, Chris (23 May 2023). "GPD Win 4 Review" (in en). IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/gpd-win-4-review.
# History of video games/Platforms/GPD Win 2
## History

The GPD Win 2 was released in 2018.
A new improved model of the GPD Win 2 was released in 2019.

## Gallery

* System packaging
* Unboxing
* Top of system
* Bottom of system
* Inputs

## References

* ↑ Byford, Sam (15 January 2018). "GPD Win 2 pocket gaming laptop announced for $649" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/1/15/16892268/gpd-win-2-announcement-specs-price-release-date.
* ↑ Alderson, Alex. "The GPD Win 2 receives a Core m3-8100Y refresh; redesigned motherboard, improved speakers and costs US$775" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/The-GPD-Win-2-receives-a-Core-m3-8100Y-refresh-redesigned-motherboard-improved-speakers-and-costs-US-775.427193.0.html.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Joseph Brown
### Joseph Brown

Joseph Brown was a prominent amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, amateur club administrator from the mid 1930s through 1980s. He was a broadcast technician in the Postmaster-General's Department working at 7ZL and later the Hobart ABC TV station. His station callsign was 7BJ (7=Tasmania, B=Brown, J=Joseph) and he operated from Hobart, Tasmania. A summary biography has not yet been prepared however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Transcriptions and Notes - Joseph Brown - More than 10 transcriptions and notes
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Joseph Brown - Nothing uploaded as yet
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Leslie Edward Tilney/Research

To date all research has been very largely limited to NLA's Trove, and further to Trove, Newspapers & Gazettes
In the National Library of Australia's Trove website, 394 articles (Newspapers & Gazettes) as at 28 November 2021 have been tagged as "Leslie Edward Tilney" (search publictag:Leslie Edward Tilney)
The main searches used to identify articles for tagging are as follows:
* With phrase "Leslie Edward Tilney" (initially about 50 hits, now all tagged articles will be found)
* With word "Tilney", category "Family Notices" (not yet fully researched)
* With phrase "L. E. Tilney", about 774 hits, high proportion being duplicated war reports and advertisements by Tilney as Commissioner for Repatriation
* With words "Tilney" and "Wireless", (about XXX hits)
Key articles relating to Watkins and wireless, also Watkins' family history, have been identified for text correcting and inclusion in Transcriptions and Notes - Leslie Edward Tilney. Articles transcribed for Notes are tagged: "!Wikibooks Tilney" (10+ articles). Articles reviewed and considered either duplicates of other articles or not of sufficient importance for inclusion are tagged: "!Wikibooks Tilney Not" (10+ articles).
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Leslie Edward Tilney
## Leslie Edward Tilney

Leslie Edward Tilney is most well known in the radio world as the officer in charge of the Applecross, WA wireless station (callsign MNS during testing, then POP, then VIP) from the time of handover from the Australasian Wireless Co to the Postmaster-General's Department 1912-1914. Only a year after the G. A. Taylor / Kirkby / Hannam military wireless tests at Easter 1910, Tilney was assisting Cox Taylor at South Head Fort signalling to pilot steamer Captain Cook at Easter 1911. More widely Tilney was renowned as a hero of Gallipoli in 1915. He left Australia with the original 16th Battalion and later commanded the 13th Battalion. He was badly injured and invalided home, but soon recovered to the point he could take charge of the Blackboy Hill training camp at Perth where new recruits learned their skills prior to despatch to the battlefields of Europe. After WW1 he was appointed Deputy-Commissioner of Repatriation for Western Australia, then transferred to a similar role in Victoria and held this role till retirement in 1932.

### Resources

A comprehensive biography of Leslie Edward Tilney has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Research - Leslie Edward Tilney - Summary of research to date
* Transcriptions and Notes - Leslie Edward Tilney - More than 10 transcriptions and notes
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Leslie Edward Tilney - Nothing uploaded as yet, but several photos identified
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Leslie Edward Tilney - Coming real soon now!

### Internet Material

A marvellous biography of Tilney has recently (2021) been prepared by the Maryborough Military Museum and needs only a little expansion on his wireless activities.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Louis Edward Walker
### Louis Edward Walker

A comprehensive biography of Louis Edward Walker has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Transcriptions and Notes - Louis Edward Walker - More than 10 transcriptions and notes
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Louis Edward Walker - Nothing uploaded as yet
* Frank Randell Bradley's 1934 article on the History of the Electric Telegraph in Australia - Essentially complete excepting formatting
* B. McMahon's 1939 article on "The Early History of the Telegraph Electrical Society, Melbourne"
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Louis Edward Walker - Not yet started
In the National Library of Australia's Trove website, more than 200 articles (Newspapers & Gazettes) have been tagged as "Louis Edward Walker" (search publictag:Louis Edward Walker)
A search in Trove on "Louis Edward Walker", "L. E. Walker", "Louis E. Walker", "Captain Walker" identifies more than 200 articles, the majority of which refer to Louis Edward Walker. Those tagged to date are a quick review to identify the most important for this Wikibook. Articles transcribed for Notes are tagged: "!Wikibooks LE Walker". Articles reviewed and considered either duplicates of other articles or not of sufficient importance for inclusion are tagged: "!Wikibooks LE Walker Not"
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Lewis George Pimblett
### Lewis George Pimblett

Lewis George "Lou" Pimblett, together with W. Jewell, established an experimental broadcasting station at Wagga Wagga in 1923, apparently under the auspices of the amateur licence of 2ZE (Frank John Federal Laker), Deniliquin. The station was owned by their business "Riverina Wireless Supplies." It broadcast regular concerts and special programming in 1923 and 1924. A company was formed in 1924 with substantial capital, to take over the business and to hold a B class broadcasting licence. The licence was granted in 1924, but by this time financial support had been lost and the B Class station never operated on air.
A comprehensive biography of Lewis George "Lou" Pimblett has not yet been prepared for this Wikibook, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Research - Lewis George Pimblett - Summary of research to date
* Transcriptions and Notes - Lewis George Pimblett - More than 10 transcriptions
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Lewis George Pimblett - Nothing uploaded as yet, no relevant QSLs held
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Lewis George Pimblett - Coming real soon now!
Key internet links:
A comprehensively researched and well illustrated article about the life of Lew, but with only brief reference to the Riverina Wireless Supplies days: Lewis George Pimblett - Inventor Of Harbord + Mona Vale: Toymaker Of 'Pim's Toys' + First Speaking Robot Maker Of 1952
First World War Embarkation Roll - Lewis George Pimblett
Bubble Pipe Patent
* ↑ https://www.pittwateronlinenews.com/Lewis-George-Pimblett-Mona-Vale-Toymaker-Robotics.php
* ↑ https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/R1973432
* ↑ https://patents.google.com/patent/US2396433A/en
# Horn/Repertoire/Brass Quintets

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors
Music for Brass Quintets
# Horn/Repertoire/Excerpts/Wagner, R. - Siegfried-Idyll

The Siegfried-Idyll was written by Richard Wagner as a gift to his second wife, Cosima. This particular horn excerpt is meant to be played with a "ping"-type articulation.
# Horn/Repertoire/Horn and Vocals

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors
Music for Horn and Vocals
# Horn/Repertoire/Concertos

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors
* Mozart Horn Concerto No. 2
* Mozart Horn Concerto No. 3
* Mozart Horn Concerto No. 4
* Strauss Horn Concerto No. 1
* Strauss Horn Concerto No. 2 (very difficult)
* Haydn Horn Concerto No. 1
* Haydn Horn Concerto No. 2
* Glière Horn Concerto
* Mercadante Concerto for Horn
Among others.
# Horn/Repertoire/Etudes/Kopprasch/op6-1

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors
1. Moderato
# Horn/Repertoire/Horn and Piano

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors
| Composer | Title | Year | Approximate Length (min) |
| Beethoven, Ludwig van | Horn Sonata, Op.17 | 1800 | 15:00 |
| Bozza, Eugène | En Forêt, Op.40 | 1941 | 7:00 |
| Hindemith, Paul | Horn Sonata | 1939 | - |
| Nielsen, Carl | Canto Serioso | 1913 | 4:00 |
| Poulenc, Francis | Élégie | 1957 | 10:00 |
| Saint-Saëns, Camille | Romance, Op.36 | 1874 | 3:30 |
| Schumann, Robert | Adagio and Allegro, Op.70 | 1849 | 9:00 |
| Strauss, Franz | Nocturno, Op.7 | 1864 | 6:00 |
# Horn/Repertoire/Chamber

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors
Chamber Music
# Horn/Repertoire/Etudes/Kopprasch

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors

## Op. 6 (for Cor Basse)

| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 |

## Op. 5 (for Cor Alto)

| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 |

### External links

* Articles on the Kopprasch etudes by John Q. Ericson
# Horn/Repertoire/Horn Ensembles

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors
Music for Horn Ensembles
# Horn/Repertoire/Etudes

* Horn
* Introduction
* General Information
* Playing Technique
* Repertoire
* Etudes
* Music for Unaccompanied Horn
* Music for Horn and Piano
* Music for Horn and Vocals
* Sonatas
* Concertos
* Music for Horn Ensembles
* Music for Woodwind Quintets
* Music for Brass Quintets
* Chamber Music
* Music for Multiple Horns and Orchestra
* Orchestral Audition Excerpts
* Glossary
* Partial List of Authors

## Etude Collections

* Kopprasch
* Maxime-Alphonse
* Pottag
* Gallay
# Introductory Agrometeorology/Human Influence on Climate
## Articles

Read articles from wikipedia.
← Agroclimatic Regionalization
# Introductory Agrometeorology/Wind and Humidity
## WIND

It is defined as the horizontal movement of air relative to earth surface caused by difference in pressure between two regions. Two types air movements:
* Vertical Movement of air: called current
* Horizontal movement of air: called wind.
Wind is the essential part of the thermodynamic mechanism of atmosphere, which serves as means of transporting heat, moisture and other properties from one part of the earth to other.

## Wind Measurement

Anemometer Anemograph Wind vane

#### Beaufort Scale
## Effect of Wind In Crop

-High speed wind, high temperature and high humidity leads to desiccation of crops. -hot and dry wind and low soil moisture (water stress in plant, stunted growth, early maturity) -Heavy Wind:destruct the internal physiology of crops, lodging and shattering of crop, dropping of the pre-mature fruit, interfere pollination which hampers seed formation. -Mild Wind: Good for crops -help in pollination which results good fruit setting -help in agriculture operation (cleaning, winnowing)

# Humidity

* water vapor content of air at any time and place
Vapor Pressure Saturation deficit Absolute Humidity Specific Humidity Mixing Ratio Relative humidity Dew Point

### Measurement of Humidity

RH is measured by using a. Dry and wet bulb thermometer b. Psychrometers c. Hair Hygrometer

## Significance of RH in crops

Low RH, high temperature, high wind – desiccation, water stress, more ET
High humidity – fungal infection, low transpiration
High RH + High T - more occurrence of pest and disease incidence
Low RH + low T- more occurrence of pest and disease incidence
High RH + low T - more occurrence of pest and disease incidence
Low humidity – more demand of irrigation Extremely low humidity – plant get wilted and killed
← Soil moisture · Evaporation and Precipitation →
# Introductory Agrometeorology/Atmospheric Temperature
## Diurnal and seasonal variation of air temperature

* The minimum air temperature occurs at about sunrise after which there is a constant rise till it reaches to maximum.
* The maximum air temperature is recorded between 1300 hrs and 1400 hrs although the
maximum solar radiation is reaches at the noon.
* A steady fall in temperature till sunrise is noticed after is attains maximum. Thus the daily March displays one maximum and one minimum. The difference between the two is called the diurnal range of air temperature.
* The diurnal range of air temperature is more on clear days while cloudy weather sharply reduces daily amplitudes.
* The diurnal range of temperature is also influenced by soils and their coverage in addition to seasons.
* Addition of daily maximum and minimum temperature divided by two is daily mean / average temperature.
* In northern hemisphere winter minimum occurs in January and summer maximum in July.

## Ambient temperature

the temperature of surrounding medium of given location at certain time is ambient temperature.

## Measurement of Temperature

* Mercury or alcohol in glass thermometer
* Maximum-Minimum thermometer
* Bimetallic Thermograph
* Thermocouples
* Thermistors

## Signifiacnce
### Low temperature

* Low temperature damages the tender leaves and flowers.
* Rapidly growing and flowering plants are severely affected.
* Low temperature and wet soil increases the amount of toxic substances in the plant cells. The accumulation of toxic substances increases with the increasing wetness.
* Extremely low temperature with snowfall(freezing and thawing) causes plants to get uprooted themselves.
* Low night temperature increases the sugar content in plants. At optimum temperature (25 degree Celsius), sugar translocation in maximum.

### High temperature

* High temperature with high humidity is the cause of various plant diseases.
* High night temperature increases the growth of leaves but decreases the growth of fruits, cambium, stolons, etc, causing imbalance in growth rates of various plant parts.
* Temperature of 50-60 degree celsius is called thermal death point. At this range of temperature, plants die due to excessive heat.
* High temperature results in desiccation, inhibits seedling growth and causes premature drop of fruits due to lack of starch.
← Solar radiation · Atmospheric Pressure →