OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Griselda Marchbanks
## Overview

Griselda Marchbanks is the head of the Wizarding Examinations Authority, the board of independent examiners who examine fifth year Hogwarts students taking their OWLs (Ordinary Wizarding Levels). Marchbanks looks very old and short, and is a little deaf.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

Marchbanks arrives at Hogwarts together with the small group of other examiners to test the fifth years (including Harry) for their OWL exams. Draco Malfoy claims that his family's friendship with her will give him an edge on the exams. Neville disputes this, saying that Professor Marchbanks is a friend of Neville's grandmother and has never mentioned the Malfoys. He describes Marchbanks as "a bit like Gran".
Marchbanks claims that she has examined Albus Dumbledore personally when he did his NEWTs. This makes her older than Dumbledore, who is already of an advanced age; but another examiner, Professor Tofty, is described as older still.
Marchbanks tests Draco on the Charms OWL examinations. She oversees the Astronomy practical exam together with Professor Tofty.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Harper
## Overview

Harper, a Slytherin one year younger than Harry, is a replacement Seeker on the house Quidditch team.

## Role in the Books
### Half-Blood Prince

Ginny tells Harry that, as Draco Malfoy is too sick to play, they are going to put Harper in as Seeker in the Quidditch match between Gryffindor and Slytherin. Ginny says that Harper is in her year, and is an idiot.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Hassan Mostafa
## Overview

Hassan Mostafa is the referee for the Quidditch World Cup in Harry's fourth year.

## Role in the Books
### Goblet of Fire

Hassan Mostafa is introduced as the referee in the 422nd Quidditch World Cup. As expected of a referee, he keeps order on the pitch, but is at one point distracted by the Bulgarian team mascots, Veelas, who take the form of infinitely desirable young women. Recovering his senses, he orders that the team mascots be removed from the pitch, but is unsuccessful in this demand. Her returns to officiating, and continues until the game ends with Ireland defeating Bulgaria.

## Strengths

Quidditch at the World Cup level is an almost insanely fast sport, and Mostafa is apparently the sole official monitoring the game. (If he has linemen to assist him, they are not mentioned.) As such, he must be an exceptionally strong flyer, and additionally must be extremely observant. Further, he must be impartial in order to be a referee, but that may be situational rather than inherent in his character.

## Weaknesses

Mostafa's being ensnared by the Veela implies a weakness specific to a class of spells, specifically control and coercion spells such as the Confundus and Imperius curse. Many wizards seem to have this particular vulnerability, most notably Ron.

## Analysis

One might wonder what purpose is served by introducing this character for one chapter, as he does seem to fall off the stage even before the Irish team's victory lap. However, there is purpose in his adventures; notably, he is used to show just how powerful the attraction of the Veela can be. This attraction will prove to be an issue for Ron later in the fourth book, and will continue to be a problem as the granddaughter of a Veela ends up joining the Weasley family.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Hepzibah Smith
## Overview

Hepzibah Smith is a very old, very rich witch, still vain and convinced of her own beauty, who shows some valuable artefacts to a young Tom Riddle. He is hinted to be a regular visitor to her house, where he buys for Borgin and Burkes.

## Role in the Books
### Half-Blood Prince

In the memories of the house-elf Hokey, we see Hepzibah primping herself in preparation of a visit by Tom Riddle. Tom, acting as a buyer for Borgin and Burkes, is there to make an offer on some Goblin-made armour, but Hepzibah, charmed by him, shows him her two fondest possessions, a cup originally owned by Helga Hufflepuff, from whom she claims distant descent, and a locket owned by Salazar Slytherin. Tom recognizes the locket as being the one that his mother had sold to try and support herself. Shortly afterwards, Hepzibah Smith dies, apparently mistakenly poisoned by Hokey.

## Strengths

Hepzibah is incredibly rich and in possession of some very valuable, unique artefacts of wizarding history.

## Weaknesses

She is a vain character and is easily won over by Riddle's charm. In her fondness for him she does not seem to notice that he may be dangerous. We note that her house is cluttered, perhaps hinting that she is a disorganised character, at least in her old age.

## Relationships with Other Characters

Hepzibah has a lot of fondness for her house-elf Hokey, although Hokey (like most of her kind) does appear to be nothing but subservient - Harry notes that Hokey calls her appearance "lovely", despite the fact that she looks nothing of the sort. Hokey appears to be her company in her old age, so is something of a companion as well as a servant.
She has a very obvious crush on the handsome young Tom Riddle.

## Analysis

Hokey and Hepzibah here are used primarily as a means to highlight that Tom Riddle can be exceptionally charming when he chooses to be. Despite being present only as a buyer for a Dark magic store, and despite presenting what would apparently be a laughable offer for items Hepzibah is selling, he has managed to lower Hepzibah's defences to the point that she shows him her dearest treasures.
It may be that, having been exposed to two artefacts of the Founders at once, Tom decides here that the remaining four Horcruxes that he plans will be made of artefacts of the four Founders. We suspect that by this time, he knew where the Diadem of Rowena Ravenclaw was hidden, but may not yet have retrieved it or made it into a Horcrux.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Hermes
## Overview

Hermes is Percy Weasley's owl. Percy received Hermes as a gift in his fifth year (Harry's first year) for being made a prefect.

## Role in the Books
### Philosopher's Stone

Hermes is mentioned in passing, as Ron mentions that he has to put up with Errol, who has grown rather old.

### Chamber of Secrets

When Harry is staying at the Burrow just before school starts, Ron mentions that he had wanted to borrow Hermes to send some messages, but that Percy, who was staying shut up in his room all summer, would not loan him.
At the end of the book, we learn that Percy has been sending messages back and forth to Penelope Clearwater, his girlfriend, and that is why Hermes had been busy.

### Order of the Phoenix

Hermes appears at the window of the Gryffindor common room late at night on the Saturday of the first week of school. He is carrying a letter from Percy directed at Ron, which Percy had wanted delivered separately from the regular mail. Hermes leaves immediately, not waiting for a reply. The letter, full of the sort of pontification that Percy is known for, only makes Ron angry, though Harry and Hermione find it rather amusing, particularly the parts where Percy warns Ron that Harry may be mentally unstable.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Helga Hufflepuff
## Overview

Helga Hufflepuff was one of the four founders of Hogwarts and the creator of Hufflepuff House. She would teach any student that the other three would not, though the Sorting Hat mentions that Hufflepuffs are generally loyal, and Hufflepuffs have come to be known as the most equitable witches and wizards. She was wizard of the month for May, 2007 on J. K. Rowling's official website. Rowling's Wizard of the Month feature gives the text on a particular wizard's Famous Wizard card, which was also written by Rowling. Hufflepuff's card reads: "One of the four celebrated Founders of Hogwarts, Hufflepuff was particularly famous for her dexterity at food-related Charms. Many recipes traditionally served at Hogwarts feasts originated with Hufflepuff."

## Role in the Books
### Chamber of Secrets

Professor Binns, in speaking of the feud that resulted in Salazar Slytherin leaving the school, mentioned that Hufflepuff had agreed with Godric Gryffindor that all Wizards should be taught, regardless of parentage.

### Order of the Phoenix

At the Entrance Feast, the Sorting Hat's song is longer than usual, as it points up the dangers of inter-House rivalry and pleads for school unity. In that song, the Sorting Hat mentions Helga Hufflepuff and speaks of her character and the character of the students she preferred to teach.

### Half-Blood Prince

While Helga Hufflepuff does not play a direct role in this book, we see that her cup is one of the artifacts of the Founders that is deeply desired by Tom Riddle. We believe that Riddle, to steal that artifact and one other, murdered an old witch, Hepzibah Smith, and let her house elf, Hokey, take the blame, though not even Professor Dumbledore can prove that.

### Deathly Hallows

She does not have a direct effect on this story but her cup is central to the storyline, as Lord Voldemort used it to create a Horcrux that Harry Potter needs to destroy.

## Strengths

According to Pottermore, she was skilled at food related charms, and probably provided many recipes used even today in the Hogwarts kitchens.
Also according to Pottermore, she was skilled in transfiguration, and helped significantly in the construction of Hogwarts.

## Relationships with Other Characters

She was best friends with Rowena Ravenclaw

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Movie Making Manual/Subtitles

Subtitles help viewers of the movie understand what's happening or if the movie is in another language the maker of the movie lets the viewers see subtitles.
# Movie Making Manual/Super 8mm Film

This Module is part of the Movie Making Manual wikibook
Taken from wikipedia as starting point...please edit to make more relevant to filmmakers....
Super 8mm film is a motion picture film format that was developed in the 1960s by Eastman Kodak as an improvement of the older 8mm home movie format. The film, 8mm wide, comes in plastic cartridges containing a 50-foot reel (about 3 minutes, depending on the film speed). Color stocks were available only in tungsten (3200K), and cameras were required to come with a built-in daylight filter, allowing for both indoor and outdoor shooting.
Amateur usage of Super 8 has been largely replaced by video, but the format is sometimes used by professionals trying to imitate the look of old home movies, or create a stylishly grainy look. Many independent filmmakers such as Derek Jarman have made extensive use of 8mm film with remarkable results, and it appears to have made something of a minor comeback in both the art and experimental film world. Oliver Stone, for example, loves to use it in his more recent films, such as The Doors Natural Born Killers, Nixon, U Turn, and JFK where his DP Robert Richardson employed it to evoke period or to give a different look to setups within a scene.
Until 1999, the University of Southern California's famous School of Cinema-Television required students to shoot their initial projects using Super 8, but the dwindling availability of equipment and processing facilities eventually forced the school to switch these classes to Digital Video. However the film is still used elsewhere by film students who wish to learn the basics of shooting film.
Super 8 is supplied in a light proof cartridge, the design of which allows it to be inserted into a camera without directly threading the film, which made the format even more user-friendly.
Kodak (as of 2004) still manufactures several color and black-and-white Super 8 films, and even introduced new emulsions since year 2002. The most popular Kodak stocks usually have been either Kodachrome or Ektachrome, and usually tend to be quite slow, usually around ISO 25, although there are known stocks that go up to ISO 100 and higher.
The Japanese company Fuji produced another variant called Single 8. The film was exactly the same as Super 8, but used a different design of magazine.
# Movie Making Manual/Submitting Music Videos

* Submit a copy on DVD to the record label for them to view
* For broadcast, the standard is DigiBeta. See the Movie Making Manual/Submitting to a broadcaster page for details of time codes, bars, tones etc.
* More and more labels are putting their music videos on-line. See the Movie Making Manual/Sales and Exhibition/Putting Videos Online section.
* You could also try to pursuade the label to put your video on any CD / DVD release. The guidelines for encoding a video for CD release are similar to the guidelines for putting a video online.
# Movie Making Manual/The Art of Flirting
## The script

The script is a basic layout of the scenes, dialogue and actions in the film.
# Movie Making Manual/Stock footage

Stock footage, and similarly, archive footage, library pictures and file footage are film or video footage that is not custom shot for use in a specific film or television program. Stock footage is of beneficial use to filmmakers as it is far cheaper than shooting new material. A single piece of stock footage is a "stock shot" or a "library shot".

## Where can I acquire stock footage?

There are many ways to acquire stock footage; a partial list of websites to acquire such footage is available here.
# Movie Making Manual/Submitting to a broadcaster

This Module is part of the Movie Making Manual
When submitting to a broadcaster, you should check with them to ask what format they prefer. Often, the required format is:
* DigiBeta
* 4:3 FHA (full height anamorphic)
* clocked
* colour bars for 1 minute, 30 sec clock, 3 sec black before the first frame of audio or video
* ensure that your colourspace is legal for broadcast
One possible way of configuring your timecode:
* 09 57 45 00 = Black
* 09 58 00 00 = Bars & Tone
* 09 59 00 00 = Black
* 09 59 20 00 = 40 Second clock
* 09 59 57 00 = Black
* 10 00 00 00 = Programme Start
* Plus at least 1 minute of black on end.
# Movie Making Manual/Staff/Unit Production Manager

Unit Production Manager: Player; (UPM) In a nutshell, the administrator of the production: hires the crew and manages the resources.
# Movie Making Manual/Stills Photography

This Module is part of the Movie Making Manual

# Introduction

Stills photography involves taking photos of the filmmaking process. These are often used for promoting the film and as a documentary record. This area of film production is often overlooked on smaller budget films or some photographs are taken by members of the crew, but for promotional and documentary uses; good quality and professional images are a must. If the film budget can't stretch to a professional photographer, many photographers will do work to use in their portfolios, and for the experience.
Alternative names
* Production stills
* Unit stills

# Equipment

Both film and digital have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Digital photography provides instant results, and combining this with a notebook computer means the results can be viewed instantly by the photographer, crew and cast. The choice often comes down to personal preference, but is sometimes dictated by the stills photographer's brief. Medium and large format cameras are often used for a higher quality image although 35mm is usually sufficient, and is often used for speed and ease of use. Large format cameras - considered superior in terms of image quality - is a slower medium, and often hard to use on a busy set. Generally the equipment will suit the type of shots required. If the shots are "reportage" style, then 35mm is advantageous. High-quality cast / set shots can be taken on medium/large especially for very large poster/billboard reproductions.

# Publishing stills photos online

If you have your own webspace then it's very easy to install a free gallery package and publish your photos online. Some excellent free gallery packages include:
* Gallery
* Coppermine Photo Gallery

## References

* ↑ Gallery.menalto.com

## Examples of production stills

* Skip Bolen - Movie Stills Photographer
* Scott Krycia - Movie Stills Photographer
* Kelly Kruschel - Movie Stills Photographer
* Bernadette Truell - Unit Stills Photographer
* Ed Araquel - Commercial, Gallery & Unit Stills Photographer
* Behind the Scenes with Jason Boland, Movie Stills Photographer
* Jack Kelly's film production stills gallery
* FiN Photography, Norma Masip still photographer
* Alex Bailey - Movie Stills Photographer
* Michael Moriatis - Unit Stills Photographer
* Angus Young - UK Production Stills Photographer
* Terry Thomas - Atlanta-based Unit Stills Photographer
# LMIs in Control/pages/Switched Systems Pole Placement

Pole Placement for Switched Systems
This LMI lets you provide specifications of the switched system closed loop poles. Note that arbitrarily switching between stable systems can lead to instability whilst switching can be done between individually unstable systems to achieve stability.

## The System

Suppose we were given the switched system such that
    ${\begin{aligned}{\dot {x}}(t)&=A_{i}x(t)+B_{i}u(t)\\y(t)&=C_{i}x(t)+D_{i}u(t)\end{aligned}}$
where $A_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{mxm}$, $B_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{mxn}$, $C_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{pxm}$, and $D_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{qxn}$ for any $t\in \mathbb {R}$.
$i\in 1,...,k$ modes of operation

## The Data

In order to properly define the acceptable region of the poles in the complex plane, we need the following pieces of data:
      * matrices $A_{i}$, $B_{i}$
      * desired closed loop pole bound ($\alpha$)
Having these pieces of information will now help us in formulating the optimization problem.

## The Optimization Problem

Using the data given above, we can now define our optimization problem. We first have to define the acceptable region in the complex plane that the poles can lie on. Assume that $z$ is the complex pole location, then:
       $Re(z)\leq \alpha$

## The LMI: An LMI for Pole Placement

Suppose there exists $P>0$ and $Z$ such that
       ${\begin{aligned}A_{i}P+B_{i}Z+(A_{i}P+B_{i}Z)^{T}+2\alpha P&<0,\end{aligned}}$
for $i=1,...,k$

## Conclusion:

The resulting controller can be recovered by
$K=ZP^{-1}$.

## Implementation

The implementation of this LMI requires Yalmip and Sedumi /MOSEK

## External Links

A list of references documenting and validating the LMI.
* LMI Methods in Optimal and Robust Control - A course on LMIs in Control by Matthew Peet.
* LMI Properties and Applications in Systems, Stability, and Control Theory - A List of LMIs by Ryan Caverly and James Forbes.
* LMIs in Systems and Control Theory - A downloadable book on LMIs by Stephen Boyd.
# LMIs in Control/pages/Switched Systems Rise time

Rise time Specification for Switched Systems
This LMI lets you specify desired performance (rise time). Note that arbitrarily switching between stable systems can lead to instability whilst switching can be done between individually unstable systems to achieve stability.

## The System

Suppose we were given the switched system such that
    ${\begin{aligned}{\dot {x}}(t)&=A_{i}x(t)+B_{i}u(t)\\y(t)&=C_{i}x(t)+D_{i}u(t)\end{aligned}}$
where $A_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times m}$, $B_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times n}$, $C_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{p\times m}$, and $D_{i}\in \mathbb {R} ^{q\times n}$ for any $t\in \mathbb {R}$.
$i\in 1,...,k$ modes of operation

## The Data

In order to properly define the acceptable region of the poles in the complex plane, we need the following pieces of data:
      * matrices $A_{i}$, $B_{i}$
      * rise time ($t_{r}$)
Having these pieces of information will now help us in formulating the optimization problem.

## The Optimization Problem

Using the data given above, we can now define our optimization problem. We first have to define the acceptable region in the complex plane that the poles can lie on using the following inequality constraints:
Rise Time: $\omega _{n}{\leq }{1.8 \over t_{r}}$
Assume that $z$ is the complex pole location, then:
       ${\begin{aligned}{\omega _{n}}^{2}=\|z\|^{2}&=z^{*}z\\\end{aligned}}$
This then allows us to modify our inequality constraints as:
Rise Time: $z^{*}z-{1.8^{2} \over {t_{r}}^{2}}{\leq }0$

## The LMI: An LMI for Rise time Specification

Suppose there exists $P>0$ and $Z$ such that
       ${\begin{bmatrix}-rP&&A_{i}P+B_{i}Z\\(A_{i}P+B_{i}Z)^{T}&&-rP\end{bmatrix}}<0$
for $i=1,...,k$

## Conclusion:

The resulting controller can be recovered by
$K=ZP^{-1}$.

## Implementation

The implementation of this LMI requires Yalmip and Sedumi /MOSEK

## External Links

A list of references documenting and validating the LMI.
* LMI Methods in Optimal and Robust Control - A course on LMIs in Control by Matthew Peet.
* LMI Properties and Applications in Systems, Stability, and Control Theory - A List of LMIs by Ryan Caverly and James Forbes.
* LMIs in Systems and Control Theory - A downloadable book on LMIs by Stephen Boyd.
# LMIs in Control/pages/Switched systems Hinf Optimization

LMIs in Control/pages/Switched systems Hinf Optimization
Switched Systems $H_{\infty }$ Optimization

## The Optimization Problem

This Optimization problem involves the use of the State-feedback plant design, with the difference of optimizing the system with a system matrix which "switches" in properties during optimization. This is similar to considering the system with variable uncertainty; an example of this would be polytopic uncertainty in the matrix $A$. which ever matrix is switching states, there must be an optimization for both cases using the same variables for both.
This is first done by defining the 9-matrix plant as such: $A\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times m}$, $B_{1}\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times n}$, $B_{2}\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times p}$, $C_{1}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times m}$, $D_{11}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times n}$, $D_{12}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times p}$, $C_{2}=I$, $D_{21}=0$, and $D_{22}=0$. Using this type of optimization allows for stacking different LMI matrix states in order to achieve the controller synthesis for $H_{\infty }$.

## The Data

The data is dependent on the type the state-space representation of the 9-matrix plant; therefore the following must be known for this LMI to be calculated: $A\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times m}$, $B_{1}\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times n}$, $B_{2}\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times p}$, $C_{1}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times m}$, $D_{11}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times n}$, $D_{12}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times p}$, $C_{2}=I$, $D_{21}=0$, and $D_{22}=0$. What must also be considered is which matrix or matrices will be "switched" during optimization. This can be denoted as $A(\delta )$.

## The LMI: Switched Systems $H_{\infty }$ Optimization

There exists a scalar $\gamma$, along with the matrices $X>0$ and $Z$ where:
       ${\begin{aligned}||S(P,K(0,0,0,F))||_{H_{\infty }}\leq \gamma \\\\{\begin{bmatrix}XA(\delta )^{T}+Z^{T}B_{2}^{T}+A(\delta )X+B_{2}Z&B_{1}&XC_{1}^{T}+Z^{T}D_{12}^{T}\\B1_{1}^{T}&-\gamma I&D_{11}^{T}\\C_{1}X+D_{12}Z&D_{11}&-\gamma I\end{bmatrix}}&<0\\\end{aligned}}$
Where $F=ZX^{-1}$ is the controller matrix. This also assumes that the only switching matrix is $A$; however, other matrices can be switched in states in order for more robustness in the controller.

## Conclusion:

The results from this LMI gives a controller gain that is an optimization of $H_{\infty }$ for a switched system optimization.

## Implementation

* Hinf switched state-feedback optimization example

## External Links

* LMI Methods in Optimal and Robust Control - A course on LMIs in Control by Matthew Peet.