# False Friends of the Slavist/Kashubian
## Kaszëbsczi jãzëk (Kashubian)

| kòło | is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish; is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian and for 10 million native speakers of Czech. | map |
| kòło | The Kashubian meaning ‘bicycle’ is shared by Cz. and Sln. kolo. The meaning ‘circle’ (krąg) is attested in Pol. koło. | map |
| kòło | [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Slk., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk., Bg.] | map |
| lëst | has additional meanings in the language of about 340.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 327.5 million speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. | map |
| lëst | The Kashubian meaning ‘letter’ is shared by Blr. ліст, пісьмо, Ukr. лист, Pol. list, Slk. list. The Kashubian meaning ‘leaf’ is shared by R. лист, Blr. ліст, Ukr. лист, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист. The meaning ‘sheet of paper’ (cedélk) is attested in R. лист, Blr. ліст, аркуш, Ukr. лист, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист. | map |
| lëst | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| mir | has additional meanings in the language of about 298 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech; is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian. | map |
| mir | The Kashubian meaning ‘peace’ is shared by R. мир, Pol. mir (arch.), pokój, zgoda, Cz. mír, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир. The Kashubian meaning ‘quiet, stillness’ is shared by R. мир, покой, Pol. mir (arch.), spokój, Cz. mír, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир. The meaning ‘world’ (swiat) is attested in R. мир, свет. The meaning ‘hist. municipality, parish, commune’ (gmina) is attested in R. мир, Cz. mír, občina. The meaning ‘authority, prestige’ (uwôżanié) is attested in Pol. mir. | map |
| mir | [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.] | map |
| pòkùj | is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian; has additional meanings in the language of about 298 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech; does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 320 million speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Croatian. | map |
| pòkùj | The Kashubian meaning ‘quiet’ is shared by R. покой, Cz. pokoj, Slk. pokoj, Sln. pokoj, Sb. покој, Mk. покој, Bg. покой. The Kashubian meaning ‘peace’ is shared by Pol. pokój, Slk. pokoj. The meaning ‘room’ (jizba) is attested in R. покой (arch.), комната, Blr. пакой, Pol. pokój, Cz. pokoj. | map |
| pòkùj | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo., Bo.] | map |
| pamiãtnik | does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 339 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Bulgarian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian. | map |
| pamiãtnik | The Kashubian meaning ‘monument’ (pamiãtnik, pomnik) is shared by R. памятник, Ukr. пам&#146;ятник, Slk. pamätník, Bg. паметник. The Kashubian meaning ‘diary’ (dniewnik, wspomnik, pamiãtnik) is shared by Pol. pamiętnik. | map |
| pamiãtnik | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| pôłnié | does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 332.5 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish. | map |
| pôłnié | The Kashubian meaning ‘south’ is shared by Blr. поўдзень, Ukr. південь, Pol. południe. The Kashubian meaning ‘noon’ is shared by R. полдень, Blr. поўдзень, Pol. południe, Cz. poledne, Slk. poludnie, Sln. poldan, Cr. podne, Bo. podne, Sb. подне, Mk. пладне, Bg. пладне. | map |
| pôłnié | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| prosto | has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish; is a true friend for about 295.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. | map |
| prosto | The Kashubian meaning ‘simple, simply’ is shared by R. просто, Blr. проста, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto, Cz. prostě, Slk. proste, Sln. prosto, Cr. prosto, Bo. prosto, Sb. просто, Mk. просто, Bg. просто. The meaning ‘straight on’ (prost, na prost, za prost) is attested in Blr. проста, прамо, наўпрост, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto. | map |
| prosto | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| pùpa | is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. | map |
| pùpa | The Kashubian meaning ‘doll’ is unique. The meaning ‘bottom, buttocks’ (rzëc, slôdk) is attested in Pol. pupa. | map |
| pùpa | [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk., Bg.] | map |
| rujan | is a complete false friend for about 6 million native speakers of Croatian; is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. | map |
| rujan | The Kashubian meaning ‘October’ is shared by Cz. říjen. The meaning ‘September’ (séwnik, zeptember) is attested in Cr. rujan. | map |
| rujan | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| sklep | is a complete false friend for about 40 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian; does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 260 million speakers of Russian, Czech; is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian. | map |
| sklep | The Kashubian meaning ‘cellar’ is shared by Ukr. склеп, Cz. sklep. The Kashubian meaning ‘tomb, vault’ is shared by R. склеп, Ukr. склеп. The meaning ‘decision’ (rozsądzënk, udba) is attested in Sln. sklep. The meaning ‘shop’ (króm) is attested in Pol. sklep. | map |
| sklep | [NB: No information yet for Blr., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk.] | map |
| słowensczi | is a complete false friend for about 28 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 350.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Bulgarian. | map |
| słowensczi | The Kashubian meaning ‘Slovenian’ is shared by R. словенский, Blr. славенскі, Ukr. словінський, Pol. słoweński, LSo. słowjeński, USo. słowjenski, Sln. slovenski, Cr. slovenski, Bo. slovenski, Bg. словенски. The meaning ‘Slovak’ (słowacczi) is attested in Cz. slovenský, Slk. slovenský. The meaning ‘Slavonic’ (słowiańsczi) is attested in Sb. словенски, Mk. словенски. | map |
| słowensczi | [NB: Information complete.] | map |
| stolëca | is a complete false friend for about 37.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; is a true friend for about 341 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Bulgarian. | map |
| stolëca | The Kashubian meaning ‘capital’ is shared by R. столица, Blr. сталіца, Ukr. столиця, Pol. stolica, Bg. столица. The meaning ‘chair’ (stółk) is attested in Cz. stolice, Slk. stolica, Cr. stolica, Bo. stolica, Sb. столица, Mk. столица. The meaning ‘professorship’ (katédra) is attested in Sln. stolica. | map |
| stolëca | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| strona | is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian; has additional meanings in the language of about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian. | map |
| strona | The Kashubian meaning ‘side’ is shared by Ukr. сторона, Pol. strona, Cz. strana, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна, Bg. страна. The meaning ‘country’ (krôj) is attested in R. страна, Bg. страна. The meaning ‘cheek’ (obraza) is attested in Bg. страна. The meaning ‘page’ (starna) is attested in Cz. strana, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна. The meaning ‘political party’ (partëjô) is attested in Cz. strana, Slk. strana. | map |
| strona | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| szina | is a complete false friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian; has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian; is a true friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Slovak, Slovenian. | map |
| szina | The Kashubian meaning ‘rail’ is shared by Ukr. шина, Pol. szyna, Cr. šina, Bo. šina, Sb. шина, Mk. шина. The meaning ‘tyre’ (gumowi réf, mańtel, przëkriwk) is attested in R. шина, Blr. шына, Ukr. шина, Bg. шина. | map |
| szina | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| w prawo | is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian; is a true friend for about 349 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak; does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian. | map |
| w prawo | The Kashubian meaning ‘to the right’ (w prawo, w prawą) is shared by R. направо, Blr. направа, Ukr. направо, Pol. na prawo, Cz. napravo, Slk. napravo. The meaning ‘straight on’ (prost, na prost, za prost) is attested in Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. (на)право, Bg. (на) право. | map |
| w prawo | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
| zgniełi | is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish. | map |
| zgniełi | The Kashubian meaning ‘lazy’ is unique. The meaning ‘rotten’ (strëpiałi) is attested in Mk. гнил, Pol. zgniły. | map |
| zgniełi | [NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Bg.] | map |
| żëwot | is a complete false friend for about 39 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovenian; has additional meanings in the language of about 296 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Polish; is a true friend for about 43.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian. | map |
| żëwot | The Kashubian meaning ‘life’ (żëwot, żëcé) is shared by R. живот (arch.), жизнь, Blr. жывот (arch.), жыццё, Pol. żywot, życie, Cz. život, Slk. život, Cr. život, Bo. život, Sb. живот, Mk. живот, Bg. живот. The meaning ‘belly, body’ (brzëch, żót) is attested in R. живот, Blr. жывот, Ukr. живіт, Pol. brzuch, żywot, Sln. život. | map |
| żëwot | [NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.] | map |
* For additional information on false friends, see the On-line hypertext bibliography by Daniel Bunčić and Ryszard Lipczuk.
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