OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calculus/Sequences and Series
### Sequences

6.1 Definition of a Sequence
6.2 Sequences

### Series and Tests

6.3 Definition of a Series
6.4 Series
6.5 Divergence Test
6.6 Ratio Test
6.7 Limit Comparison Test
6.8 Direct Comparison Test
6.9 Integral Test

### Convergence

6.10 Absolute and Conditional Convergence

### Series and Calculus

6.11 Taylor series
6.12 Power series
6.13 Leibniz' formula for pi

### Exercises

6.14 Exercises
Navigation:
Main Page · Precalculus · Limits · Differentiation · Integration · Parametric and Polar Equations · Sequences and Series · Multivariable Calculus · Extensions · References
# Calculus/Resources
## Software
### Single variable calculus

* Derivative calculator with detailed steps
* Integral calculator with detailed steps
# English-Hanzi/Autumn

Autumn is the third season of a year.
秋天 是 一年 的 第三个 季节。
# English-Hanzi/Austria

Austria is a landlocked country in the central of Europe.
奥地利是欧洲中部的一个内陆国家。
# English-Hanzi/Baby

A baby is a living thing. It is a very young animal.
婴儿 是 生物。它是非常幼小的动物。
# English-Hanzi/Autonomous region

An autonomous region is a dependent territory of a country. It has a self-governance authority.
自治区是一个国家的附属领土。它拥有自治权。
# English-Hanzi/Avocado

Avocado is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed.
鳄梨在植物学上是一种含有单一大种子的大浆果。
# English-Hanzi/Axillary bud

Axillary bud is a embryonic shoot which is between the stem and petiole of a plant.
腋芽是一种胚芽，位于植物的茎和叶柄之间。
# English-Hanzi/Banana

Banana is the common name for a type of fruit and also the name for the herbaceous plants that grow it. These plants belong to the genus Musa. They are native to the tropical region of southeast Asia. There are about 110 different species of banana.
香蕉 是 一种 水果的 常见 名称，也是 生长 它的 草本植物的 名称。这些 植物 属于 Musa属。它们 原产于 东南亚的 热带地区。大约 有 110种 不同的 香蕉。
# English-Hanzi/Australia

Australia is the largest country in Oceania. Its population is 25 million. Its capital is Canberra.
Australia 是 大洋洲 最大 的 国家。它 的 人口 是 2500万。它 的 首都 是 Canberra。
# English-Hanzi/Axis

Special:search/axis prefix:English-Hanzi/
Axis is the centerline that an object rotates around it.
轴心 是 一个 物体 围绕 它 旋转 的 中心线。
# English-Hanzi/Bacteria

Bacteria are a kind of microorganisms. They can cause diseases to other living things.
细菌 是 一种 微生物。它们 可能 会 对 其他 生物 造成 疾病。
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Assault Causing Bodily Harm
## Legislation

   Assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm 267. Every one who, in committing an assault,
       (b) causes bodily harm to the complainant, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months.
   – CCC

## Application

    For general principles and factors of assault-based offences, see Assaultive Offences

## Kienapple

Many cases state that an accused cannot be convicted of Assault with a Weapon and Assault Causing Bodily Harm where they arise out of the same circumstances.
* ↑ e.g. R. v. Arnill, [1999] O.J. No. 332 (C.A.), 1999 CanLII 3188 (ON CA) R. v. Basilio 2003 CanLII 15531 (ON CA), (2003), 175 C.C.C. (3d) 440 (Ont. C.A.) R. v. Briscoe (1992), 17 B.C.A.C. 302, 1992 CanLII 938 (BC CA)

## Ancillary Orders

* DNA Order
* 109 Prohibition Orders
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Administering a Noxious Substance
## Legislation

   Administering noxious thing 245. Every one who administers or causes to be administered to any person or causes any person to take poison or any other destructive or noxious thing is guilty of an indictable offence and liable
       (a) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years, if he intends thereby to endanger the life of or to cause bodily harm to that person; or
       (b) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, if he intends thereby to aggrieve or annoy that person.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 229.
   – CCC
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Aggravated Assault
## Legislation

   268. (1) Every one commits an aggravated assault who wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the complainant.
   Punishment (2) Every one who commits an aggravated assault is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.
   – CCC

## Application

    For details on general principles and factors of assault-based offences, see Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Assaultive Offences

### Principles

Aggravated assault is the most serious of violent crimes short of homicide and so must include incarceration. General deterrence is the primary factor.
The types of offences includes a range with the high end including unprovoked attack with a weapon. While a consensual fight that escalates tends to be on the lower end.

### Ranges

In BC, it has been stated that the "range of sentence for similar offences [namely aggravated assault] was described as being between 16 months and six years” Further it has been stated as "18 months to six years" and "two years less a day to six years".
It is suggested that aggravated assault where a knife is involved is in the range of 3 to 6 years.
* ↑ R. v. Marsman, [2007] NSCA 65; R. v. Keshane, [2005] S.J. No. 97
* ↑ R. v. Perlin, [1977] NSJ No. 548, R. v. Dzikowski, [1990] NSJ No. 353; R. v. King, [1999] NSJ No. 331
* ↑ R. v. Craig, 2005 BCCA 484, in para. 10
* ↑ R. v. Craig, 2005 BCCA 484, 201 C.C.C. (3d) 495 R. v. Johnson, 1998 CanLII 4838 (BC CA), (1998), 131 C.C.C. (3d) 274 (B.C.C.A)
* ↑ R. v. Willier, 2005 BCCA 404
* ↑ R. v. Biln, 1999 BCCA 369
* ↑ R. v. Wheeler, [2011] N.J. No. 391 at para. 72

## Ancillary Orders

* Weapons Prohibition Orders
* DNA Orders
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Agree or Arrange a Sexual Offence Against Child

Note: this offence has not come into force yet.

## Legislation

   Agreement or arrangement — sexual offence against child 172.2 (1) Every person commits an offence who, by a means of telecommunication, agrees with a person, or makes an arrangement with a person, to commit an offence
       (a) under subsection 153(1), section 155, 163.1, 170 or 171 or subsection 212(1), (2), (2.1) or (4) with respect to another person who is, or who the accused believes is, under the age of 18 years;
       (b) under section 151 or 152, subsection 160(3) or 173(2) or section 271, 272, 273 or 280 with respect to another person who is, or who the accused believes is, under the age of 16 years; or
       (c) under section 281 with respect to another person who is, or who the accused believes is, under the age of 14 years.
   (2) Every person who commits an offence under subsection (1)
       (a) is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of one year; or
       (b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 18 months and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of 90 days.
   (3) Evidence that the person referred to in paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c) was represented to the accused as being under the age of 18, 16 or 14 years, as the case may be, is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof that the accused believed that the person was under that age.
   (4) It is not a defence to a charge under paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c) that the accused believed that the person referred to in that paragraph was at least 18, 16 or 14 years of age, as the case may be, unless the accused took reasonable steps to ascertain the age of the person.
   (5) It is not a defence to a charge under paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c)
       (a) that the person with whom the accused agreed or made an arrangement was a peace officer or a person acting under the direction of a peace officer; or
       (b) that, if the person with whom the accused agreed or made an arrangement was a peace officer or a person acting under the direction of a peace officer, the person referred to in paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c) did not exist.
   – CCC

## Application

    For general principles on sentence for sexual offences, see Sexual Offences
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Abduction of a Young Person
## Legislation

   Abduction of person under sixteen 280. (1) Every one who, without lawful authority, takes or causes to be taken an unmarried person under the age of sixteen years out of the possession of and against the will of the parent or guardian of that person or of any other person who has the lawful care or charge of that person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years. ... R.S., c. C-34, s. 249; 1980-81-82-83, c. 125, s. 20.
   Abduction of person under fourteen 281. Every one who, not being the parent, guardian or person having the lawful care or charge of a person under the age of fourteen years, unlawfully takes, entices away, conceals, detains, receives or harbours that person with intent to deprive a parent or guardian, or any other person who has the lawful care or charge of that person, of the possession of that person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 250; 1980-81-82-83, c. 125, s. 20.
   Abduction in contravention of custody order 282. (1) Every one who, being the parent, guardian or person having the lawful care or charge of a person under the age of fourteen years, takes, entices away, conceals, detains, receives or harbours that person, in contravention of the custody provisions of a custody order in relation to that person made by a court anywhere in Canada, with intent to deprive a parent or guardian, or any other person who has the lawful care or charge of that person, of the possession of that person is guilty of
       (a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; or
       (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.
   ... R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 282; 1993, c. 45, s. 4.
   Abduction 283. (1) Every one who, being the parent, guardian or person having the lawful care or charge of a person under the age of fourteen years, takes, entices away, conceals, detains, receives or harbours that person, whether or not there is a custody order in relation to that person made by a court anywhere in Canada, with intent to deprive a parent or guardian, or any other person who has the lawful care or charge of that person, of the possession of that person, is guilty of
       (a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; or
       (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.
   ... R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 283; 1993, c. 45, s. 5.
   – CCC
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Aggravated Sexual Assault
## Legislation

   Aggravated sexual assault 273. (1) Every one commits an aggravated sexual assault who, in committing a sexual assault, wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the complainant.
   Aggravated sexual assault (2) Every person who commits an aggravated sexual assault is guilty of an indictable offence and liable
       (a) if a restricted firearm or prohibited firearm is used in the commission of the offence or if any firearm is used in the commission of the offence and the offence is committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with, a criminal organization, to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of
          (i) in the case of a first offence, five years, and
          (ii) in the case of a second or subsequent offence, seven years;
       (a.1) in any other case where a firearm is used in the commission of the offence, to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of four years; and
       (a.2) if the complainant is under the age of 16 years, to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of five years; and
       (b) in any other case, to imprisonment for life.
   Subsequent offences (3) In determining, for the purpose of paragraph (2)(a), whether a convicted person has committed a second or subsequent offence, if the person was earlier convicted of any of the following offences, that offence is to be considered as an earlier offence:
       (a) an offence under this section;
       (b) an offence under subsection 85(1) or (2) or section 244 or 244.2; or
       (c) an offence under section 220, 236, 239 or 272, subsection 279(1) or section 279.1, 344 or 346 if a firearm was used in the commission of the offence.
   However, an earlier offence shall not be taken into account if 10 years have elapsed between the day on which the person was convicted of the earlier offence and the day on which the person was convicted of the offence for which sentence is being imposed, not taking into account any time in custody.
   Sequence of convictions only (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the only question to be considered is the sequence of convictions and no consideration shall be given to the sequence of commission of offences or whether any offence occurred before or after any conviction.
   R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 273; 1995, c. 39, s. 146; 2008, c. 6, s. 29; 2009, c. 22, s. 11; 2012, c. 1, s. 27.
   – CCC

## Application

    For general principles on sentence for sexual offences, see Sexual Offences
# Esperanto/Family
## Familio (Family)
### The Suffix -IN

In most languages there are separate words for items of different sexes. For example, in English a female bovine creature is a "cow" and a male bovine creature is a "bull" or "steer". This of course leads to much memorization of separate words, which is tedious and frustrating. Fortunately, Esperanto does away with this with two glorious letters: "in". Adding -in to the end of a noun's root transforms that word into a female version of the root. For example, the Esperanto word for a bovine creature ("bull", "steer" or "cow") is bovo. Adding -in to the root results in the word bovino, which translates to "cow". With only a few exceptions (those roots implicitly male or female), if a noun does not have the suffix -in, then the sex of the noun is unspecified. If one wants to emphasize that something is masculine, one may use the root vir- as a prefix, but this is rarely done.

### The Prefix GE-

In Esperanto, the prefix ge- is used 1) to indicate the presence of both sexes in a group described by a male or female root (Esperanto does have a very few such words) or 2) to emphasize the presence of both sexes in a group. For example, Pedro has two friends: Esmerelda and Johano. When referring to them, Pedro could call them either amikoj or geamikoj, because amiko is simply a "friend". But his brother and sister must be his gefratoj, because frato is the word for "brother").
Examples words using the prefix ge- :
* gelernejo - co-ed school
* gepatroj - father(s) and mother(s)
* gefratoj - brother(s) and sister(s)
* genevoj - nephews(s) and niece(s)

### Exercises

Translate the following sentences to/from Esperanto using what you know and the Vocabulary List below.
* Mi malamas la bebojn, ĉar ili venas el Usono.
* Our sister's name is Allison.
* Ŝia avino amas la kuzon de Mario.
* Is his aunt eating an apple or a banana?
* Saluton. Ĉu vi estas mia patrino?
* My uncles are thirsty.
* La gepatroj estas koleraj, ĉar ilia filino estas malbela.
* The unhappy woman is dying.
Vocabulary/ Vortlisto

### Answers

* I dislike the babies, because they come from the USA.
* La nomo de nia fratino estas Allison.
* Her grandmother loves Mario's cousin.
* Ĉu lia onklino manĝas pomon aŭ bananon?
* Hello. Are you my mother?
* Miaj onkloj soifas.
* The parents are angry, because their daughter is ugly.
* La malfeliĉa virino mortas.

## What You Need To Know

* The suffix -in comes after a noun's root and denotes a female.
* The prefix ge- precedes a noun's root and denotes the presence of both sexes.
# Esperanto/Dialogues/Bus stop
## Dialogue

(En bushaltejo)
* Petro: Saluton, vi scias kio estas la sekva buso al la placo?
* Johano: Mi ne scias tion, sed mi havas mapon kun la horaro de la busoj. Unu minuto.
* Petro: Dankon.
* Johano: Kio estas la nomo de la placo al kiu vi deziras iri?
* Petro: Mi deziras iri al la Verda Placo, ĝi estas en la nordo de la urbo.
* Johano: Mi vidos... Nu, la buso tricent dek kvar vinos en du minutoj, kaj ĝi iros al la Granda Strato.
* Petro: Ĉu tiu strato estas apud la Verda Placo?
* Johano: Jes, jes, vi simple bezonos marŝi por cent metroj!
* Petro: Cent metroj? Dankon!
* Johano: Ne dankinde, vi bezonas kromaĵon?
* Petro: Ne, dankon. Ĉaŭ!
* Johano: Ĉaŭ!

## Translation

(In a bus stop)
* Petro: Hello, do you know what is the next bus to the square?
* Johano: I don't know, but I've got a map with the schedule of the buses. A minute.
* Petro: Thanks.
* Johano: What's the name of the square where you want to go?
* Petro: I want to go to the Green Square, in the north of the city.
* Johano: I'll see... Well, the bus 314 arrives in two minutes, and it goes to the Great Street.
* Petro: Is that street next to the Green Square?
* Johano: Yeah, yeah, you'll simply have to walk for a hundred metres!
* Petro: A hundred meters? Thanks!
* Johano: You're welcome, do you need something else?
* Petro: No, thanks. Bye!
* Johano: Bye!
# Esperanto/Electronic Communication

Internet communication has been a boom to the already healthy and growing Esperanto movement.

## Communicating Electronically with Esperanto
### Esperanto and ASCII

ASCII does not include any of the supersignoj (special Esperanto letters). Because of this, there are a few ways to represent them. The most popular is the X System. Since each letter in Esperanto has at most two version of itself, its variant can be represented using only one extra character.

#### X System

In the X System, supersignoj are indicated by an X placed after the letter. It has the advantage of being unambigious, and it usually sorts words in correct alphabetical order. It does, however, require an extra letter not normally found in Esperanto.
Ĉ - Cx Ĝ - Gx Ĥ - Hx Ĵ - Jx Ŝ - Sx Ŭ - Ux

#### Apostrophe System

The Apostrophe System is the exact same a the X System, except it uses an apostrophe instead of the letter X.
Ĉ - C' Ĝ - G' Ĥ - H' Ĵ - J' Ŝ - S' Ŭ - U'

#### H System

The H System is the system proposed by L. L. Zamenhof for use when accented letters were unavailable. It has the advantage of being easily recognizable by native English speakers. It, however, unlike the other systems, is ambiguous for three reasons.
* H is a letter used in the normal Esperanto alphabet.
* H could be used in a non-h-system way. For example, "Jacho" could either be Jac-ho or Ja-ĉo.
* The letter U is used to represent both U and Ŭ.
These are the combinations for the H System:
Ĉ - Ch Ĝ - Gh Ĥ - Hh Ĵ - Jh Ŝ - Sh Ŭ - U

### Esperanto and Unicode

Unicode contains all of the letters of Esperanto. One still needs, however, a method of typing them.

### Esperanto and Keyboards

There is no standard Esperanto keyboard layout, however many have been put forward. Many people use tools that allow them to type Esperanto letters by holding down a modifier key, or automatically converting the X System into supersignoj.

### Esperanto and Browser Plug-ins

Some browsers have support for downloadable plug-ins that allow input of supersignoj, such as abcTajpu for Firefox. By specifying what key transforms what keystrokes into supersignoj, you can type them on the fly in your browser.

## SMS Texts

* Cxu vi estas ankoraux hejma? (Are you still at home?)
* La supersignoj ne funkcias! Mi devas uzi la X-sistemon! (The Esperanto letters aren't working. I have to use the X system.)

## Twitter and other Microblogs

* Saluton Havajo! Mi iras de ferioj. Adiaŭ Nov-Jorko. Revido! (Hello Hawaii! I'm going on vacation. Goodbye New York City. See you soon!)

## Email

* Short "emails" like some of 'letters' used as translation exercises in Teach Yourself EO.

## Esperanto and Your Electronic Devices

* Tajpi
* Ek
# Federal Rules of Evidence

The Federal Rules of Evidence are the ground rules for trials in the United States federal court system. This text presents the rules in order, along with examples and commentary on key points of the law of evidence.

## Table of contents

* Introduction - Scope - Mechanics
* Judicial Notice
* Presumptions in Civil Actions - Burden of going forward - Burden of persuasion
* Relevancy - Unfair prejudice - Character evidence - Habit - Policy exclusions - Sex offenses
* Privileges
* Witnesses - Competency - Credibility - Impeachment
* Opinions - Lay opinions - Expert opinions
* Hearsay - Rule - Confrontation Clause - Exceptions
* Authentication
* Documents
* Miscellaneous Rules

## Other law sources

* Canadian Criminal Evidence
# Fedena/User Management

Before you start rolling out Fedena in your campus you should create user id's for your staff. Choose "Manage Users" from the dashboard. Click "Add New" and create users. Assign the "Employee" role to all users you create.
# Final Fantasy/Armor/Iron Armor

| Armor Type | Armor |
| Bought At | Pravoka Elfland |
| Price | 800 G |
| Absorb Bonus | 24 |
| Evade % Bonus | 23 |
Iron Armor is a form of solid plate mail made entirely of iron. It is much stronger than Chain Mail, but is still somewhat malleable and vulnerable to damage. Iron Armor does deflect many blows but solid hits tend to dent the armor, which reduces the effectiveness of the armor's absorption of blows.
Iron Armor may be worn by:
* Fighter / Knight
* Ninja
Final Fantasy Origins: Steel Plate
# Final Fantasy/Armor/Wooden Armor

| Armor Type | Armor |
| Bought At | Coneria Pravoka |
| Price | 50 G |
| Absorb Bonus | 4 |
| Evade % Bonus | 8 |
Wooden armor is an extremely primitive form of protection widely used before the advent of metal-working. It is made of thin planks of wood and covers the torso but not the arms or other parts of the body. Some modern cultures retain it as ceremonial garb as all forms of metal armor are superior both in protection and flexibility to wooden armor. However, the armorers of Coneria still produce a number of sets of wooden armor, along with Chain Mail, intended for combat use.
Thieves and Black Belts find Wooden Armor the best starting armor.
Wooden armor may be worn by:
* Fighter / Knight
* Thief / Ninja
* Black Belt / Master
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
Final Fantasy Origins: Leather Armor
# Final Fantasy/Black Magic

Black Magic is primarily concerned with damage and destruction. Spells that directly affect the caster or his allies are extremely rare.
Black Magic is cast by Black Mages, Black Wizards, Red Mages, Red Wizards, and Ninjas.

## Level 1

* Fire
* Lightning (Bolt)
* Sleep
* Lock (Focus)

## Level 2

* Ice
* Dark (Fog)
* Temper (Steel)
* Slow

## Level 3

* Fire2
* Hold (Bind)
* Lightning2 (Bolt2)
* Lock2 (Focus2)

## Level 4

* Sleep2
* Fast (Haste)
* Confuse (Muddle)
* Ice2
# Final Fantasy/Armor/Chain Mail

| Armor Type | Armor |
| Bought at | Coneria Pravoka |
| Price | 80 G |
| Absorb Bonus | 15 |
| Evade % Bonus | 15 |
Chain mail is the hallmark of the young warrior just setting out to make a name for himself. It is a functional, if awkward, suit of armor that is worn over a tunic. It consists of many small metal rings chained together to make a shirt. Chain mail covers the torso and arms as well as often hanging for a distance below the waist. The nature of the rings leads to an ability to deflect many blows that would have landed, but the rings provide very little protection from bludgeoning attacks or thrusting attacks that slip into the holes in the rings.
Chain Mail is the best starting armor for Fighters and Red Mages, as the weak monsters in the early parts of the game do almost no damage to a Chain Mail-clad warrior.
Chain Mail may be worn by:
* Fighter / Knight
* Ninja
* Red Mage / Red Wizard