# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular modernized/A list of introductory verbs
## Lesson IV. A List of Introductory Verbs.

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| tin1 | thinn | 添 | Add, |
| ring7 | zīn | 認 | Admit, (as a fault.) |
| ing3 | ìn | 應 | Answer, |
| boh4; a3 | poh, à | 駁　辯 | Argue, |
| gao3 | kàu | 到 | Arrive, |
| ziên6 | tsiĕnn | 上 | Ascend, |
| to2 | thó | 討 | Ask, (demand.) |
| mng7 | mn̄g | 問 | Ask, (enquire.) |
| nain6 | năinn | 奈 | Bear, (to suffer.) |
| pah4 | phah | 打 | Beat, |
| keg4; kiu5 | khurt, khiû | 乞　求 | Beg, |
| ki2 | khí | 起 | Begin, |
| sing3 | sìn | 信 | Believe, |
| ga6 | kă | 咬 | Bite, |
| cuê1 | tshue | 吹 | Blow, (as wind.) |
| ziêh4 | tsieh | 借 | Borrow, |
| pua3 | phùa | 破 | Break, |
| kiêh8; dua3 | khiêh, tùa | 持　帶 | Bring, |
| coin2; ciu3 | tshóinn, tshiù | 筅　刷 | Brush, |
| bhoi2 | bói | 買 | Buy, |
| giê3; ham3 | kiè, hàm | 呌　喊 | Call, |
| ziên2; guang1gu3 | tsién, kuan-kù | 掌　觀顧 | Care, |
| dan1 | tann | 擔 | Carry, (between two equal weights.) |
| gng1 | kng | 扛 | Carry, (one weight by two persons.) |
| bi3 | pì | 負 | Carry, (over the shoulder.) |
| guan6 | kŭann | 携 | Carry, (with the hand, as a bucket.) |
| kia3 | khià | 騎 | Carry (on the shoulder, as a basket,) |
| liah8 | liâh | 掠 | Catch, |
| uan7 | uānn | 換 | Change, |
| riou7 | ziōu | 追 | Chase, |
| piêng3 | phièn | 騙 | Cheat, |
| suang2; doh8 | suán, tôh | 選　擇 | Choose, |
| muêh8cêng1kih4 | muêh-tsheng-khih | 修清潔 | Clean, |
| ze2; bu5 | tsúr, pû | 煮　烳 | Cook, |
| goi2 | kói | 改 | Correct, |
| sng3 | sǹg | 算 | Count, |
| kao3 | khàu | 哭 | Cry, |
| poi1; guah4; zoih8 | phoi, kuah, tsoîh | 切　割　截 | Cut, |
| gan2 | kánn | 敢 | Dare, |
| êng5di1; tu5 | êng-ti, thû | 延遲 | Delay, |
| loh8 | lôh | 落 | Descend, |
| si2 | sí | 死 | Die, |
| si1diou3; sng3hiah4 | si-tiòu, sǹg-hiah | 亂丢　算歇 | Dismiss, (from service.) |
| zo3; muêh8 | tsò, muêh | 做　物 | Do, |
| mang7gin3 | māng-kìnn | 夢見 | Dream, |
| pag8 | phâk | 曝 | Dry, (in the sun.) |
| ziah8 | tsiâh | 食 | Eat, |
| giê3 | kiè | 呌 | Engage, (servants.) |
| cian2 | tshiánn | 請 | Engage, (as a literary man, a teacher.) |
| sung5; cê5 | sûn, tshê | 巡　查 | Examine, |
| kao2 | kháu | 考 | Examine, (literature.) |
| buah8 | puâh | 拔 | Fall, (as a person, animal.) |
| ga1laoh8 | ka-laûh | 跌落 | Fall down, (as things.) |
| gian1; ui3 | kiann, ùi | 驚　畏 | Fear, |
| siê1pah4 | sie-phah | 相打 | Fight, (with the fists.) |
| cuê7-diêh8 | tshūe--tiêh | 覔着 | Find, |
| buê1 | pue | 飛 | Fly, |
| haon3 | hàunn | 好 | Fond, |
| dig8-diêh8 | tit--tiêh | 得着 | Get, |
| bung1; koih4 | pun, khoih | 分　乞 | Give, |
| huag4 | huat | 發 | Grow, |
| iêh4 | ieh | 約 | Guess, |
| diou3 | tiòu | 吊 | Hang, |
| lou5 | lóu | 惡 | Hate, |
| tian1 | thiann | 聽 | Hear, |
| huan7; kiêh8-dian7 | hūann, khiêh--tiānn | 執　携定 | Hold, (to take.) |
| siên3 | sienn | 傷 | Hurt, |
| cian2 | tshiánn | 請 | Invite, |
| kng3 | khǹg | 藏 | Keep, |
| gui6 | kŭi | 跪 | Kneel, |
| ka3 | khà | 扣 | Knock, |
| zai1 | tsai | 知 | Know, (as a fact.) |
| bag4 | pat | 識 | Know, (as a person.) |
| nain6 | năinn | 耐 | Last, |
| ciê3 | tshiè | 笑 | Laugh, |
| oh8 | ôh | 學 | Learn, |
| hiah4 | hiah | 歇 | Leave, (service.) |
| ziêh4 | tsieh | 借 | Lend, |
| suê3 | sùe | 稅 | Let, (a house.) |
| huê1niou5 | hue-niounn | 花話 | Lie, (to tell an untruth.) |
| do2 | tó | - | Lie down, |
| diam2 | tiám | 點 | Light, (lamps.) |
| kia7ki2; diu7 | khiā-khí, tiū | 居住 | Live, (reside.) |
| m6gin3; sig4loh8 | m̄-kìnn, sit-lôh | 不見　失落 | Lose, |
| siêh4 | sieh | 惜 | Love, |
| zo3; muêh8 | tsò, muêh | 做　物 | Make, |
| ngo6 | ngŏ | 遇 | Meet, (a person.) |
| kui1 | khui | 開 | Open, |
| guê3 | kùe | 過 | Pass, |
| sng2; tig4to5 | sńg, thit-thô | 耍　遊玩 | Play, |
| doh8 | tôh | 擇 | Pick up, |
| diah4 | tiah | 摘 | Pluck, |
| rih8; dêh4 | zîh, teh | 壓 | Press, |
| sang3 | sàng | 送 | Present, |
| ing3 | ìn | 印 | Print, |
| dui2; tua1 | túi, thua | 挽　拖 | Pull, |
| bang3 | pàng | 放 | Put, |
| siê1mên7 | sie-mēnn | 相罵 | Quarrel, |
| tag8 | thâk | 讀 | Read, (aloud.) |
| toin2ze1 | thóinn-tsur | 看書 | Read, (mentally.) |
| siu1; zih4 | siu, tsih | 收　接 | Receive, |
| m6haon3 | m̃-hàunn | 不好 | Refuse, |
| bang3 | pàng | 放 | Release, |
| ig4dig4; gi3dig4 | it-tit, kì-tit | 憶得　記得 | Remember, |
| buan1 | puann | 搬 | Remove, (residence.) |
| zian2li2 | tsiánn-lí | 整理 | Repair, |
| hiah4 | hiah | 歇 | Rest, |
| dng5 | tńg | 轉 | Return, (home.) |
| hoin5 | hôinn | 還 | Return, (give back.) |
| ciu3; cig4 | tshiù, tshit | 拭 | Rub, |
| zao2 | tsáu | 走 | Run, |
| giu3 | kiù | 救 | Save, |
| cuê7 | tshūe | 覔 | Search, |
| toin2 | thóinn | 看 | See, |
| bhoi7 | bōi | 賣 | Sell, |
| iên6 | iĕ | 搖 | Shake, |
| soi1; riang2 | soi, ziáng | 嘶　嚷 | Shout, |
| guên1 | kuenn | 閉 | Shut, |
| zo6 | tsŏ | 坐 | Sit, |
| ug8 | ût | 睡 | Sleep, |
| pin7 | phīnn | 鼻 | Smell, |
| dan3 | tànn | 呾 | Speak, |
| so2hui3; sai2 | só-hùi, sái | 使費　使 | Spend, |
| muêh8diou3 | muêh-tiòu | 壞丢 | Spoil, |
| kiu6 | khiŭ | 站 | Stand, |
| diam7diam7 | tiām-tiām | 靜靜 | Stop, (silence.) |
| hiah4 | hiah | 歇 | Stop, (discontinue.) |
| sao3 | sàu | 掃 | Sweep, |
| siu5 | siû | 氽 | Swim, |
| kiêh8 | khiêh | 携 | Take, |
| ga3 | kà | 教 | Teach, |
| dan3 | tànn | 呾 | Tell, |
| ba1loi2; de5 | pa-lói, tûr | 擾亂　除 | Tease, (annoy.) |
| siên6 | siĕnn | 想 | Think, |
| gag8 | kâk | 丢 | Throw, (as stones.) |
| gag8diou3; sêg4diou3 | kâk-tiòu, sek-tiòu | 抛丢　丢去 | Throw away, |
| pag8 | pâk | 縛 | Tie, |
| hiou2; mêng5bêh8 | hióu, mêng-pêh | 曉　明白 | Understand, |
| tao2 | tháu | 解 | Undo, untie, |
| êng7 | ēng | 用 | Use, |
| sung5 | sûn | 巡 | Visit, |
| dang2; tai7 | tán, thāi | 候　待 | Wait, |
| gian5 | kiânn | 行 | Walk, |
| dag4nng7 | tak-nn̄g | 荒喪 | Waste, |
| cêng7 | tshēng | 穿 | Wear, (clothes.) |
| gua3 | kùa | 掛 | Wear, (jewels.) |
| ga2 | ká | 絞 | Wind, (as a clock.) |
| zoh4; zoh4gang1 | tsoh, tsoh-kang | 作　作工 | Work, |
| sia2 | siá | 寫 | Write, |