# Horticulture/Verbena

Verbena :
| Genus: | Verbena |
| Family: | Verbenaceae |
| Type: | Annuals, Perennials |
| Pollination: | Insects |
Verbena (Verbena or Vervain) is a genus of about 250 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the Verbenaceae. The majority of the species are native to the New World from Canada south to southern Chile, but a few also native in the Old World, mainly in Europe (V. officinalis, V. supina).

## Description

The leaves are usually opposite, simple, and in many species hairy, often densely so. The flowers are small, white, pink, purple or blue, with five petals, and borne in dense cymes or panicles.
The stems are square in cross section. Roots are fibrous.

## Uses

Grown for the showy flowers and generally good foliage, but some species are used as medicinal and culinary herbs.

## Propagation

Propagated by seed, division, or summer cuttings.

## Pests and diseases

Bacterial Wilts
* Pseudomonas solacearum
Powdery Mildew
* Erisiphe chichoracearum
Leaf Spots
* Septoria
Flower Blights
* Botrytis cinerea
Stem Rots
* Macrophomina phaseoli
* Pellicularia filamentosa
* Phymatotrichum omnivorum
* Thielaviopsis basicola
Rusts
Nematodes
* Aphelenchoides olesistus
* Meliodgyne hapla
Aphids
* Foxglove Aphid: Acyrthosiphon solani
* Melon Aphid: Aphis gossypii
* Green Peach Aphid: Myzus persicae
Whiteflies
* Greenhouse Whitefly: Trialeurodes vaporariorum
* Silverleaf Whitefly: Bemisia argentifolii
Scales
* Cottony Cushion Scale: Icerya purchasi
Bugs
* Tarnished Plant Bug: Lygus lineolaris
* Greenhouse Orthezia: Orthezia insignis
Thrips
* Western Flower Thrips: Frankliniella occidentalis
* Flower Thrips: Frankliniella thricti
* Greenhouse Thrips: Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis
Beetles
* Clematis Blister Beetle: Epicauta cinerea
Maggots
* Vervain Leaf Miner: Agromyza artemesiae
Caterpillars
* Oblique Banded Leafroller: Choristoneura rosaceana
* Yellow Woolybear Caterpillar: Diacrisia virginica
* Vervain Bud Moth: Endothenia hebesana
* Morning Glory Leaf Cutter: Loxostege obliteralis
* Garden Webworm: Loxostege similalis
* Tobacco Budworm: Heliothis virescens
Mites
* Broad Mite: Rhizoglyphus echinopus
* Cyclamen Mite: Steneotarsonemus pallidus
* Two-spotted Spider Mite: Tetranychus urticae

## References

* Ann Fowler Rhoads and Timothy A. Block (2000). The Plants of Pennsylvania: An Illustrated Manual. Anna Anisko, illustrator. Morris Arboretum, University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 698–699. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
* Christopher Brickell and Judith D. Zuk (1997). The American Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. DK Publishing. pp. 1044–1045. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
* Staff of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium (1976). Hortus Third: A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada. Cornell University Press. pp. 1148–1149. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
* Pirone, Pascal P. (1978). Diseases & Pests of Ornamental Plants (Fifth Edition ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 527–528. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
* Cranshaw, Whitney (2004). Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs. Princeton University Press. p. 625. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
* Pippa Greenwood, Andrew Halstead, A.R. Chase, Daniel Gilrein (2000). American Horticultural Society Pests & Diseases: The Complete Guide to Preventing, Identifying, and Treating Plant Problems (First Edition ed.). Dorling Kindersley (DK) Publishing, inc. p. 201. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)