OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A-level Computing/AQA/Computer Components, The Stored Program Concept and the Internet/Structure of the Internet/URIs

Resources such as documents, files and folders sitting on the internet need a method to identify them and access them. URIs provide a way to linking to these resources. There are two types of URI, but you only need to know URL for the exam:
e.g. urn:isbn:0486419266 The URN for R.U.R. (1921 play), identified by its book number.
e.g. http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=85821 The project gutenberg page for the R.U.R. book

## Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A URL is a URI that, "in addition to identifying a resource, provides a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network location)". URLs allow us to specify the domain name and exact location of a resource on the internet. For example, the following links to a picture on wikicommons:
We can break this down into its constituent parts:
$\underbrace {http://} _{\text{protocol}}\underbrace {commons.wikimedia.org} _{\text{hostname}}\underbrace {/wiki/File:George_{-}Clausen_{-}WWI_{-}poster.jpg} _{\text{location on server}}$
We can therefore summarise a URL as follows:
$protocol://hostname/location_{-}of_{-}file$
* Exercise: Uniform Resource Identifiers
* Describe the difference between a URN and a URL
* Answer:
* URN gives the name of a resource, but not necessarily its location
* URL gives the location of a resource
* Give the 3 parts that make up a URL
* Answer:
* the protocol
* the hostname
* the file location
* For the following address:
* http://www2.example.gov.uk/
* describe the parts:
* http://
* www2
* gov.uk
* example
* Answer:
* http:// - the protocol being used
* www2 - the name of the host being used
* gov.uk - the domain name is registered in the uk, and is a governmental organisation
* example - the domain name of the government organisation

## References

* ↑ Tim Berners-Lee, Roy T. Fielding, Larry Masinter. (January 2005). “Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax”. Internet Society. RFC 3986; STD 66.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Computer Components, The Stored Program Concept and the Internet/Webpage Design/Webpage design

Web page design is an art and there is no way of guaranteeing your website will look fantastic, however there are some rules that you can stick to when attempting to make a professional looking website:

## The rule of thirds

There is an artistic theory that states when you split an image into thirds aligning the main components in this format then it looks better.
This theory has been adopted into web design and many websites you use will utilise this rule of thirds, splitting the information into 3 columns, or 1 column and another column taking up two thirds.

## Colour schemes

Three web page colour schemes you need to know are: monochromatic, analogous, complementary colour

### Monochromomatic

Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base colour, and extended using its shades, tones and tints (that is, a hue modified by the addition of black, grey (black + white) and white. Monochromatic color schemes may be considered boring unless there is diversity within the design

### Analogous

Analogous colors are colors that are adjacent to each other on a color wheel. Some examples are green, yellow green, and yellow or red, red violet and violet. Analogous color schemes are often found in nature and are pleasing to the eye.

### Complementary

In color theory, two colors are called complementary if, when mixed in the proper proportion, they produce a neutral color (grey, white, or black). In the diagram below they are the colours that are opposite each other. Examples of complementary colours include:
* red and green
* blue and orange
* yellow and violet
* Page Design
* Explain the rule of thirds:
* Answer:
* Separate the main components of your website into three columns and/or rows
* Name the three colour models that could be used on a webpage:
* Answer:
* Monochromatic
* Analogous
* Complementary
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 38-2

| ←Article 38-1 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 38-2 | Article 38-3→ |

## Promulgated addition on 2015-02-04, effective 2015-02-05
### Article 38-2

    Any detainee or his/her spouse, blood relative, legal representative, or sibling may verbally or file in writing a notice of motion or objection against the temporary detention order under Paragraph 1 of Article 38 during temporary detention and after receipt of the “Notice of Mandatory Temporary Detention,” with grounds to the National Immigration Agency; the National Immigration Agency shall make a written record if the notice is given orally.
    After receiving the notice of motion or objection, the National Immigration Agency shall conduct a review based on its mandate. If it agrees with the foregoing objection, the original temporary detention sanction may be revoked or repealed. If it doesn’t agree with the motion, the detainee shall be presented in court within twenty four (24) hours along with the objection letter, objection records, NIA-written report and case file. However, if the court decides to conduct remote proceedings in accordance with related provisions of the Administrative Litigation Law, it would be assumed that the National Immigration Agency has presented the detainee in court with the corresponding case file and documentation.
    In Paragraph 1 wherein a person files a notice of motion in court or against other authorities, the court or other authorities should immediately forward the objection to the National Immigration Agency. The date the NIA receives the notice, shall serve as the starting point for the objection proceedings against the detention order.
    The remedy procedures of filing an objection against the temporary detention should be followed. The aforementioned remedy procedures are not be applied to the remedies of revocation or confirmation of an appeal.
    The temporary detention deposition shall become invalid since the court ruling against such detention objection has been determined and this allows the release of the detainee.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 15

| ←Article 10 to Article 14 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 15 | Article 16→ |

## Promulgated amendment on 2015-02-04, effective 2015-02-05
### Article 10

    The National Immigration Agency shall deport a national without household registration in the Taiwan Area and restrict his/her reentry if he/she has entered the State without permission or has overstayed his/her visit or period of residence, or has overstepped the deadline of mandatory exit.
    When a national without household registration overstays the period of his/her residence for less than thirty (30) days but has a valid purpose of residence indicated in the original application, he/she can re-apply for residence at the National Immigration Agency, subject to penalties for violations pursuant to Subparagraph 4 of Article 85. However, the accumulated period of residence in the Taiwan Area will be reduced by one (1) year when applying for permanent residence.
    An alien awaiting deportation stated in Paragraph 1 may be temporarily detained by the National Immigration Agency if a compulsory exit order is difficult or impractical to enforce. This period shall not exceed 15 days from the date of temporary detention. Upon exiting, the alien shall have his/her entry permit or other entry permit document cancelled and revoked by the National Immigration Agency. The provisions of the three preceding Paragraphs shall also apply to individuals who have entered the State before the present Act was enforced.
    The provisions of Paragraphs 3 and 4, Article 36 and Paragraph 6, Article 38 shall apply to the deportation process mentioned in Paragraph 1. The temporary, continued and extended detention mentioned in Paragraph 3 shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Article 38 and Article 39.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 38

| ←Article 37 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 38 | Article 38-1→ |

## Promulgated amendment on 2015-02-04, effective 2015-02-05
### Article 38

    "An alien who is sentenced to forcible deportation and falls under any of the following circumstances may be temporarily detained by the National Immigration Agency if a compulsory exit order is difficult or impractical to enforce. The duration of temporary detention may not exceed 15 days. The alien shall be allowed to submit claims before the temporary detention order is implemented:
    1. Without relevant travel documents to enforce the deportation order."
    2. With whereabouts unknown or intention to escape or unwillingness to leave the country
    3. Wanted by a foreign government
    After allowing an alien to submit claims in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph and circumstances stated in the preceding paragraph that deem temporary detention unnecessary, the National Immigration Agency may permit him/her to find a national with household registration in Taiwan or a representative of a charitable organization/ NGO or embassy, consulate, or authorized organization in the ROC who can provide bail or pay a specific amount of bail bond, in compliance with part or all of the following conditions of detention alternative sanction, and to facilitate the execution of forcible deportation:
    Report regularly on one’s life activities at designated Specialized Operation Corps of the National Immigration Agency;
    Restrict his/her place of residency in designated locations;
    Accept inspections at designated places;
    Provide contact information and telephone, and respond promptly when being contacted by any personnel of the National Immigration Agency
    In case an alien who is temporarily released from detention violates the aforementioned conditions, the National Immigration Agency may forfeit the bail bond as stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 38-1

| ←Article 38 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 38-1 | Article 38-2→ |

## Promulgated addition on 2015-02-04, effective 2015-02-05
### Article 38-1

    An alien who falls under any of the following circumstances, may have his/her detention sanction temporarily suspended:
* Is mentally impaired or physically sick, and the detention could affect treatment or endanger his/her life
* Has been pregnant for five (5) months or longer, or has given birth or had a miscarriage for less than two (2) months
* Children under 12 years old;
* Has contracted an infectious disease indicated in Article 3 of the Communicable
* Is unable to take care of himself/herself due to senility or physical or mental disability
* Has been banned from exiting the State at the request of judicial authorities
    Based on the preceding paragraph revoking temporary detention, the National Immigration Agency would desist or cease from detaining an alien in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Article 38-7, and may impose an alternative to detention in line with Paragraph 2 of the preceding Article, as well as notify registered social welfare institutions that provide social welfare medical resources and shelter.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 21

| ←Article 16 to Article 20 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 21 | Article 22 to Article 23→ |

## Promulgated full amendment on 2007-12-26, effective 2008-08-01
### Article 21

    National Immigration Agency shall ban an alien from exiting the State if he or she meets one of the following circumstances:
    1. Has been banned from exiting the State at the request of a judicial authority.
    2. Has been banned from exiting the State at the request of a tax authority.
    National Immigration Agency shall ban an alien who is under investigation for other cases in accordance with laws from exiting the State after the concerned authorities have requested the imposition of such a ban.
    National Immigration Agency shall notify the concerned alien in writing with reasons for the banned exit.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 37

| ←Article 36 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 37 | Article 38→ |

## Promulgated amendment on 2015-02-04, effective 2015-02-05
### Article 37

    The National Immigration Agency can request concerned departments or organizations for assistance or necessary information that would help investigate nationals without registered permanent residence and are involved in any of the cases mentioned in Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 15, as well as aliens who are involved in any of the cases indicated in Paragraph 1 of the preceding Article. The requested departments or organizations must not reject the request except for justifiable reasons.
    When nationals without registered permanent residence or aliens have served out their sentences or will be released for a reason, the prison facility, vocational training facility, drug rehabilitation center, reform school, or correctional school should notify the National Immigration Agency.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Immigration Act/Article 16

| ←Article 15 | Immigration Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 16 | Article 17 to Article 21→ |

## Promulgated amendment on 2009-01-23, effective 2009-01-23
### Article 16

    Non-citizen ROC nationals who have to reside or reside for citizenship in the Taiwan Area due to the special circumstances of their overseas residing area may apply for residency or residency for citizenship to the competent authority that may submit such applications to the Executive Yuan for review pursuant to the regulations enacted to govern the residency and residency for citizenship granted to non-citizen ROC nationals from specific countries or areas, without being subjected to the restrictions of the provisions of Articles 9 and 10.
    Stateless people or non-citizen ROC nationals from Thailand, Myanmar, or Indonesia who have entered the country before this Act was enforced and cannot be repatriated may be allowed to reside in the Taiwan Area by the NIA.
    Stateless people and non-citizen ROC nationals from Thailand or Myanmar who have been allowed to enter the country for the purposes of attending school or receiving technical training by the Ministry of Education or the Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission between 21st May 1999 and 31st December 2008 and cannot be repatriated may be allowed to reside in the Taiwan Area by the NIA.
    Stateless people from India or Nepal who have entered the Taiwan Area between 21st May 1999 and 31st December 2008 and cannot be repatriated may be allowed to reside in the Taiwan Area by the NIA if their status has been identified by the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.
    The stateless people who have obtained the ROC nationality or non-citizen ROC nationals who have been granted residency in the Taiwan Area as specified in the preceding three paragraphs may apply to the NIA for residency for citizenship if they have continuously resided in the Taiwan Area for three years, or have resided in the Taiwan Area for five years during which the residency in the Taiwan Area shall be over 270 days each year, or have resided in the Taiwan Area for seven years during which the residency in the Taiwan Area shall exceed 183 days each year.
    Non-citizen ROC nationals who have left the country during the residency specified in the preceding paragraph shall not be deemed to have interrupted their residency but the period of their absence from the Taiwan Area shall not be calculated as part of their residency in the Taiwan Area if their overseas trips have been assigned or approved by the government and such assignment or approval can be proved in writing.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Immigration Act". Immigration Office (Taiwan). 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/One-pot meal

A one-pot meal is any meal that can be cooked entirely in one pot. Often, dehydrated foods are used for this, as they are extremely space and weight efficient. You can buy many dehydrated food packages at an outdoor outfitter, but the selection is limited for the observant Adventist. Many of these foods contain unclean meats (Lev 11) or wine, but there are a few that meet Adventist dietary requirements. If one turns from the outfitters and looks in a grocery store, even more choices are available. Many rice mixes are ideal candidates as one-pot meals (red beans and rice, dirty rice, etc.). Soup mixes also work well, as do pastas, macaroni and cheese, etc.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Participate in a weekend campout

Weekend campout are a lot of fun, especially if the campers have some knowledge of camping! Once every five years, Seventh-day Adventist Divisions hold a division-wide camporee, where people from all over their division attend. Many clubs from outside the division also attend. In 2009, the North American Division held a camporee in Oshkosh Wisconsin, and it was attended by 33,000 Pathfinders! The NAD also held camporees in Oshkosh in 1999 and in 2004, and at other locations prior to that.
Within the Divisions are Unions, and many of them hold camporees every five years as well. Union Camporees are held between Division Camporees. Divisions are made up of local Conferences. Many Pathfinder clubs attend Conference Camporees every year - and some conferences have camporees twice a year (once in the fall, and again in the spring). In addition to these camporees, some clubs go camping by themselves as a club. This is a special bonding time for members of the local Pathfinder club. Of course, Pathfinders also like to camp with their friends and families, and those trips can also be used to meet this requirement. Remember, the more you know about camping, the more fun it is!
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Purify water
## Boiling

    Water can be purified by boiling for five to ten minutes.

## Iodine

    Iodine is added to water as a solution, crystallized, or in tablets. The iodine kills many—but not all—of the most common pathogens present in natural fresh water sources. Carrying iodine for water purification is an imperfect but light weight solution for those in need of field purification of drinking water. There are kits available in camping stores that include an iodine pill and a second pill that will remove the iodine taste from the water after it has been disinfected.

## Chlorine

    Chlorine-based bleach may be used for emergency disinfection. Add 2 drops of 5% bleach per liter or quart of clear water, then let stand covered for 30 to 60 minutes. After this it may be left open to reduce the chlorine smell and taste.

## Filtering

    Water filters are also used to make water potable. These filters are usually small, portable and light (1-2 pounds), and filter water by working a hand pump. Dirty water is pumped via a tube through the filter, then out into another flexible tube and directly into a water bottle. These types of filters work to remove bacteria, protozoa and cysts, all of which can cause disease. These water filters should not be confused with devices or tablets that are water purifiers. Water purifiers satisfy higher EPA standards, and also remove viruses, such as hepatitis A and rota virus, among others.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Safe water

When camping in an area that does not have running water and toilets, you must either bring water with you, or bring along the means for purifying water you collect when you arrive. Do not assume that because a stream or lake looks clean that it is OK to drink. In general, it is not, and drinking it without treating it carries a high risk of causing diarrhea or vomiting.
When camping in an area that does have running water, make sure that it is OK for drinking. If you see a sign that says "Non-potable Water," that means that it is NOT OK to drink. Rather, non-potable water is only suitable for flushing toilets and washing hands.
Do not brush your teeth, cook with, or drink non-potable water without purifying it first.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Personal gear

Personal Gear
* Sleeping bag
* Foam ground pad or air mattress
* Flashlight
* Pocket knife
* Quarter roll of toilet paper
* Coins (for campground showers)
* Bible
* Camera
* Notepad and pencil
* Toiletries (Toothbrush, toothpaste, shampoo, etc.)
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Reflector oven baking

A reflector oven is as simple as a cardboard box lined on the inside with aluminum foil. Run wire through the box to create an oven rack. Make sure the rack is horizontal when the box is placed on its side. Put the box next to a bed of hot coals with the opening facing the heat, but not so near as to ignite the box. Put whatever you wish to bake on the rack. Heat from the coals will bake whatever you put inside the box. There are countless variations on this theme, including the practice of completely removing one side of the box and tilting it at a 45° angle. You can prop the box up with rocks or logs, or build legs into it.
You can also construct an oven out of sheet metal, aluminum flashing, or large tin cans as shown below. This tin can oven was constructed by a Pathfinder leader, and tested by Pathfinders in the field.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Sanitation

If camping at a facility that has toilets, use them. If camping in the wilderness, you will have to either build a latrine or use cat holes. Do "your business" at least 60 meters away from any source of water (such as a spring, river, or lake), and at least 30 meters away from your camp. Dig a shallow hole 7-10cm deep and go there. Then bury it (and any toilet paper). At this depth, there is a lot of bacteria in the soil to quickly compost your waste. Digging deeper will make it take longer.
Just because you are camping does not mean you are at liberty to skip personal hygiene. Wash your hands before you eat and after you answer "nature's call." Brush your teeth before you go to bed and after breakfast. Wash your face and clean your fingernails.
Keep your kitchen clean too, and wash your dishes as soon as you finish eating. Dishes should be washed with hot, soapy, potable water. A few drops of bleach should be added to your rinse water. It's a good idea to heat dish washing water while preparing meals so that it is ready to use as soon as there are dirty dishes to wash. Be sure the water is not hot enough to scald anyone's hands. Cold water and boiling water can be mixed half-and-half for a comfortable washing temperature.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Simmering

Simmering is a cooking technique where food is cooked in liquid that is almost hot enough to boil. Simmering allows the outdoor chef to cook foods longer to soften them without overcooking them and without using excess fuel. On a backpacking trip, this is especially important, as fuel is generally carried in the pack (and more fuel equals more weight).
Tough vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, turnips, and dried vegetables (such as beans and peas) are ideal candidates for simmering. Simply fill a pot with water (about half way), and add the vegetables. When the water begins to bubble, back off the heat (turn down a camp stove, or raise the pot higher over an open fire). Soup mixes are also ideal for simmering.