# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Bats - Advanced

Bats - Advanced :
| Nature North American Division | Skill Level 2 |
| Nature North American Division | Year of Introduction: 2004 |

## 1. Earn the Bats Honor.

Instructions and tips for earning the Bats honor can be found in the Nature chapter.

## 2. What are caves, attics, bridges, or tunnels where bats hibernate called?

These places where bats sleep during the day or hibernate during the winter are called roosts.

## 3. Give three (3) examples of colonizing bats.

* Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
* Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus)
* Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
* Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis)
* Mexican Long-nosed bats (Leptonycteris spp.)
* Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus)
Other examples of colonizing bats include Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) and the southeastern myotis (Myotis austroriparius), which are not pictured.

## 4. Give three (3) examples of solitary roosting bats.

* Eastern Red Bat
* Western Red Bat
* Silver-haired Bat
* Hoary Bat
More information can be found at http://www.xpressweb.com/~talon/BatsinAz/furred.html

## 5. What is meant by delayed implantation?

Delayed implantation is a reproductive strategy used by close to 100 different mammals in seven different orders. In delayed implantation, the embryo does not immediately implant in the uterus, but is maintained in a state of dormancy. No development takes place as long as the embryo remains unattached to the uterine lining. As a result, the normal gestation period is extended, sometimes up to a year.

## 6. How long is the gestation period for bats?

The gestation period lasts from 44 days to 8 months.

## 7. What is bat guano and why was it important during the War of 1812 and the Civil War?

Bat guano is bat droppings (feces). Among bat colonies, thousands of pounds of guano can accumulate. During the American War of 1812 and the American Civil War, bat guano was used to make gunpowder, since the primary component of guano is saltpeter – the primary ingredient in gunpowder.

## 8. What disease can be contracted from large quantities of guano?

Histoplasmosis, also known as Darling's disease, is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease primarily affects the lungs. Occasionally, other organs are affected; this is called disseminated histoplasmosis, and it can be fatal if untreated. Histoplasmosis is common among AIDS patients because of their lowered immune system.
H. capsulatum grows in soil and material contaminated with bird or bat droppings (guano). The fungus has been found in poultry house litter, caves, areas harboring bats, and in bird roosts (particularly those of starlings).

## 9. What is the life-span of a bat?

Most bats live longer than most mammals of their size. The longest known lifespan of a bat in the wild is 30 years for a little brown bat.

## 10. Do all bats have rabies?

In regions where rabies is endemic, only 0.5% of bats carry the disease. However, of the few cases of rabies reported in the United States every year not caused by dogs, most are caused by bat bites. Those that are rabid may be clumsy, disoriented, and unable to fly, which makes it more likely that they will come into contact with humans. Although one should not have an unreasonable fear of bats, one should avoid handling them or having them in one's living space, as with any wild animal. If a bat is found in living quarters near a child, mentally handicapped person, intoxicated person, sleeping person, or pet, the person or pet should receive immediate medical attention for rabies. Bats have very small teeth and can bite a sleeping person without being felt.
Where rabies is not endemic, as throughout most of Western Europe, small bats can be considered harmless. Larger bats can give a nasty bite. They should be treated with the respect due to any wild animal.

## 11. How good is the vision of microbats and megabats?

Although the eyes of most microbat species are small and poorly developed, leading to poor visual acuity, none of them are blind. Vision is used to navigate microbats especially for long distances when beyond the range of echolocation. It has even been discovered that some species are able to detect ultraviolet light. They also have a high quality sense of smell and hearing. Bats hunt at night to avoid competition with birds, and travel large distances at most 800 km, in their search for food.
Most megabats have large eyes, allowing them to orient visually in the twilight of dusk and inside caves and forests. In contrast to the microbats, the fruit bats do not, as a rule, use echolocation (with one exception, the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus egyptiacus, which uses high-pitched clicks to navigate in caves).

## 12. What North American bat is pictured on the honor?

The Eastern Red Bat is depicted on the honor patch. They are widespread across eastern North America, with additional records in Bermuda. It is also scarce but widespread throughout many of the Bahamian islands.