OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Colombia 1 – Preproduction

Colombia 1 - Preproduction
Armadilla had strong contacts with an NGO in Nicaragua. But before deciding to go there I wanted to have a wider view of the context in Latina America. So I decided to go first to Colombia. I was not yet thinking that we would have covered stories also from Colombia.
My first impression of Bogota’ was not very good. Too vast. Too impersonal. Marco, the friend at whose house I was staying, was living near the airport, far away from the old city centre. When he took me around I just sow residential areas and shopping centers. It was only when I decided to rent a car and move alone in smaller towns that I started to get the flavor of country.
I always wanted to see South America. But my love for Asia had taken me always back there each time I could effort a journey. And my professional assignments kept me going again there, where I had more expertise. I had started renouncing to the Idea that South America would have ever been a part of my life, until this journey. As I started moving in the small towns of Central Colombia, and then again in and the narrow lanes of Candelaria in old Bogota’ I felt that that is the place that now has something to teach me; something that take that would have balanced my world understanding after so many years of learning and working in South Asia. And that we really needed to include that in the documentary story.
So I renewed my efforts to get in touch with the local authorities to cover social projects in Colombia. The response was formidable. Bibiana who was in charge of social projects at the Alcandia of Bogota’ opened for the door and her colleagues had been so kind and open that they won me over. I decided I would have tried my best to convince the Armadilla colleagues to cover stories from Colombia. Francesco was with me on that, but we still needed to convince the colleagues of Armadilla, who would have preferred to save money by cutting down one of the four planned locations.
I liked Nicaragua also, but not Managua. The people I met them were very friendly, but I did not get any story as powerful as those I could get in Colombia. I decided that anyway we will cover both the countries. But later on the additional time that I spent in Syria drowned the budget and I had to renounce to Nicaragua, where I still have an open appointment with myself. I will go there again as soon as the main editing of the documentary will be over. Hopefully with some money of the initial distribution of the documentary done. Or even without the money yet, just to try to see if a new project could start from there. It is a promise I made to return there that I hope I will be able to fulfill.
Next ⇒ Aired TV7s
# Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Data, numbers and emotions

Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Should we propose 2 new MDGs ?
# Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Does Charity empower?

The KFI story
The second project was the story about the Krishnamurti Foundation. This was Gauri’s responsibility. It was her very first story she was directing. I was giving her some suggestions and cues from far away, but she had to make most of the strategic choices by herself. I told her to interview different stakeholders: the managers, the workers, beneficiaries, local politicians. It turned out that there was a strong disagreement amongst actors, especially between the managers of the charitable school and hospital and the village people who these charitable institutions were serving.
I asked Gauri to follow up this issue. Why was there a disagreement? It turned out that the villagers were actually more interested in occupying the vast portion of agricultural land that was under the control of the Krishnamurti Foundation. I thought that the dynamics was very interesting. And asked Gauri to go deeper in it.
How is it that a “charitable approach” does not generate consent on the counterparts? Gauri went on interviewing people and finally made an interesting 10 minutes story that she titled “Does Charity empower?” to which clearly she had answered a bIg “No! It doesn't!”. But then turn the question the other side and say "what is that brings about empowerment?”. That was quite too much for Gauri. Vrinda help was needed. And in fact she stepped in.
She tried to visualize all the problems and its determinants. And what solutions could be proposed. She hold discussions with all stakeholders. She was doing for the sake of making the documentary; but she did so well that the Foundation managers actually asked her to be an adviser to the foundation and help them to design a new program approach.
She accepted it. Krishnamurti foundation campus is really too nice. And the people who work there are really too refined and authentic. And the problem to be faced was really too interesting. She could not say no to such an interesting adventure.
And that turned to be a real boon for the handbook attached to the documentary. In fact a big section of it was on how to design, managing and evaluate programs and projects. We had prepared the instructional pages and developed a number of tools attached to them to make it more practical. But we had no videos for that portion. Because we had always filmed project a specific moment of their life circle. Here we finally had the possibility of filming all the steps of programme designing, step to step, as they occur. Because Vrinda was going to do it, Gauri could follow her in doing it.
Next ⇒ The boss is never happy (especially if it is a project manager)

## See in the handbook

⇒ Learning to share learning

## Video clips

First cut by Gauri ⇒ Does Charity Empower ?
Playlist of all interviews ⇒ Krishnamurti Foundation - Rural School and Hospital
On Wikimedia Commons ⇒ Learning to share learning - edited version

## Interviews

P. Krishna - Director Krishnamurti foundation school - playlist
# Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Community as distributor

So far we used Internet to reach out directly to the public. Why do not we try to use also a means for distribution?
We decided to create a Google+ community specifically dedicated to distribution, and we started building the partnerships for distribution and broadcast of the edited episodes. Which we continued to edit as the story of the documentary moved on in overcoming the distribution challenges. Thanks to the feedback from the distributor-community and of the users of this Wikibook, we got new ideas for improvement and customization of the documentary for specific target audiences.
Wilma, who was the first of the members of the producing team to share the efforts for distributing the documentary posed an important question. But which broadcaster would be interested to distribute on the "small screen" something that is being already "aired" through the Internet? I had not thought to it, since for me these are different medias and surely is interesting to make a film of something that already has been seen in theaters and read in books. Internet and TVs have different audiences and are seen through a different relational pragmatics. They can well coexist. But the mentality of Television is generally very narrowly confined to self centered stereotypes and they want to be "the news", which for them often means "the first" (as if the whole people were watching the whole palimpsest of all the televisions all the time!) .
I suggested her to challenge this self centered notion of the televisions, And actually present to the television the fact (that was true) that we were narrating (in the television) the story of how a group of people had created an Internet channel and a wikibook on the International Cooperation of development. It was the story of that adventure, which we collected in the videos and that we were presenting to the TV audience for the first time.
Wilma decided to contact one of the Directors she interviewed at the Biografilm Festival, an Italian Documentary Festival focused on Lives/Biographies. Wilma found out that in fact now TV broadcasts do not care about the presence or not of the products on the Internet because TV audience in altogether a different one. They only care what the other broadcasters have in their shelves.
She said that what we needed to do was finding out a good sales agent or distributor. She took responsibility of searching for one.

## See also

⇒ The Vrinda project Documentary
On Youtube ⇒ Utilization of collected resources for TV broadcast
⇒ TVP Community for distributing the media products ⇒ The challenge of distribution
On Wikipedia ⇒ Distribution (business)
⇒ The Vrinda Project Channel
⇒ Days of Miracles and Wonders, Bluindaco@2013) ⇒ Biografilm Festival ⇒ Propaganda
# Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Colombia 2 – Production

Colombia 2 – Production
I have never received such an hospitality as I received from Bibiana and her colleagues at the Alcandia of Bogota’. In just 3 days we covered extensively three projects. They also organized a conference for us. The interview with the Secretaria was also very good.
I just wanted one more story outside Bogota’. And I got in contact with an NGO working in La India with the “desplasados”.
I was really satisfied with the images we had collected.
Francesco reached me later, because he had problems obtaining the visa. We had agreed that we would have done without Franco the cameraman; formally to save money; in reality to save us from his arrogant laziness. Francesco went to Cartagena for some reason that he did not tell us. And that was good so I was free to work in my way. The only problem was that the cameraman from Bogota’ did not have much experience. Some images are shaky and even out of focus. But I really enjoyed over there where for some time I did not have to manage my team of very motivated, but quite undisciplined colleagues. I like very much the dimention of team work. But also sometimes I like the diminution of being a lonely bear. In fact, what I like most, is mixing the two. Sometimes in a clan; sometimes alone; sometimes in the crowds, sometimes in hermitage.
Next ⇒ At Brussels

### Video clips

On YouTube ⇒ Los derechos de la hospitalidad - playlist
On YouTube ⇒ Barrio Rafael Uribe Uribe - playlist
On YouTube ⇒ ⇒ Jan Pablo II - playlist
On YouTube ⇒ Muisca Indigenous Heritage - playlist
On YouTube ⇒ ⇒ Desplazados - playlist
On YouTube ⇒ Alcandia of Bogota - playlist

### Interviews

Johnatan Nieto Blanco

### Stories

⇒ Barrio Rafael Uribe Uribe
⇒ Los derechos de la hospitalidad para las personas sin hogar - Bogotà
⇒ Community at Work - Ciudad Bolivar - Jan Pablo II
⇒ Muisca Indigenous Heritage
⇒ Desplazados - Santander
# Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Distribution as a another story

Distribution as a another story
We decided to continue to narrate our story including the effort we were taking for finding a distributor.
In a sense the story of how a media product is distributed can never be a part of the story of the product itself, because it has to be completed before you go for distributing it. But this is really a deficiency of the story. Because distribution is the main challenge. Everything gets sense only as far as distribution is a success. So how can we miss in the story the most important part of it?
In many cases the logic of distribution dictates all the terms to the logics of production and postproduction. In such cases there is no real sense to tell the story of the distribution because it is first pre-conceived and then super-imposed on the whole product.
But in our case it is different. We had a research to do which was independent from any distribution logics. We follow an organic thread that we did not know where it will lead to. We did not know if we will get the right answers to our search. Then we did not know is we would have been able to rearrange the whole answer in a meaningful product. And surely we do not know now if we would be successful in the distribution effort. So we need to put the distribution challenge at the core of our story.
So we decided to keep on producing and editing this portion of the story until the end. We wanted to include in the documentary also “the faces” of the distributors. This was in line with the whole spirit of our documentary where we challenged the false plenteousness of “news neutrality” or news “objectivity” and we highlighted the value of the subjectivity of all actors taking part in the project. We wanted a documentary which does not pretend to present “facts” to a passive viewer, but a documentary that is an an “act”. We wanted to make an invitation to the viewer not to be passive, but put his subjectivity also on board and take a side in the challenges of creating a healthier communication environment amongst the nations. That is the meaning of “Vrinda” , i.e. "choice". Make your "subjective" choice. And that is what makes history. We do not need dead and mummified "facts"; but living and sharable "acts". And that is why we need the Vrinda Project approach.
Next ⇒ Community as distributor

## See also

⇒ The Vrinda project Documentary
On Youtube ⇒ Utilization of collected resources for TV broadcast
⇒ TVP Community for distributing the media products ⇒ The challenge of distribution
On Wikipedia ⇒ Distribution (business)
⇒ The Vrinda Project Channel
# Electronics/LR

Electronics | Foreword | Basic Electronics | Complex Electronics | Electricity | Machines | History of Electronics | Appendix |

## LR Circuits

An LR circuit has an inductor and a resistor.
When the circuit is turned on the inductor will initially oppose the flow of electrons and no current will flow. Over time the inductor will stop opposing the current and will act as a short allowing current to flow unhindered.
Once the current is shut off the inductor will oppose the decrease in current. This only happens if there is a resistor to bleed off the current.
# Electronics/MOSFET
## Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

CMOS , Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor is not a type of transistor. It is a logic family, based on MOS transistors.

## Construction & Operation

CMOS is made of two FETs blocking the positive and negative voltages. Since only one FET can be on at a time, CMOS consumes negligible power during any of the logic states. But when a transition between states occurs, power is consumed by the device. This power consumed is of two types.
Short-circuit power
    For a very short duration, both transistors are on and a very huge current flows through the device for that duration. This current accounts for about 10% of the total power consumed by the CMOS.
Dynamic power
    This is due to charge stored on the parasitic capacitance of the output node of the device. This parasitic capacitance depends on the wire's area, and closeness to other layers of metal in the IC, besides the relative permittivity of the quartz layer separating consecutive metal layers. It also depends (to a much smaller extent) upon the input capacitance of the next logic gate. This capacitance delays the rise in the output voltage and hence the rise or fall in the output of a gate is more like a that in a resistor-capacitor (RC) network. Thus the dynamic power consumed due to switching action in one gate is given by:
$P_{d}=CV_{d}^{2}f$
# Electronics/LC transient

For a series LC consists of one capacitor connected with one coil in series in a closed loop

## Circuit Impedance

In Polar Form
    $Z=\omega L\angle 90+{\frac {1}{\omega C}}\angle -90$
In Complex Form
    $Z=j\omega L+{\frac {1}{j\omega C}}$

## Circuit at equilibrium

    $L{\frac {dI}{dt}}+{\frac {1}{C}}\int Idt=0$
    $L{\frac {dI}{dt}}+{\frac {1}{C}}\times It=0$
    $L{\frac {dI}{dt}}=-{\frac {It}{C}}$
    ${\frac {dI}{dt}}=-{\frac {It}{LC}}$
    ${\frac {dI}{dt}}+{\frac {It}{LC}}=0$
    ${\frac {d^{2}I}{dt^{2}}}+{\frac {I}{LC}}=0$

## Time Constant

    T = -1/LC

## Phase Difference

Phase: A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes.
A phase should be used as a problem yet to be discovered. With a tool measuring the distance BC we can for example discover that a certain peculiarity a difference in single circuits theory causes the diagram to carry out its function. Such is the case with AB the same process may take place except a difference in diagram causes a difference in phasing. MAGNETIC coils as mentioned in singularity gives an engineer the means to figure how or where the short might be located. Of course on the basis of general phase the assumed starting point of electricity is found within an oscillation, a point of contact this contact appears different depending on the schematic drawing. In a mathematical notation you can determine using calculus how much power there is in a closed loop. The only problem is to figure a way when the loop is open in what other method can you use to make that solution possible?
# Electronics/Laplace Transform pairs

Electronics | Foreword | Basic Electronics | Complex Electronics | Electricity | Machines | History of Electronics | Appendix |
| $f(t)$ | $F(s)$ |
| $\delta (t-t_{0})$ | $e^{-st_{0}}$ |
| $u(t)$ | ${\frac {1}{s}}$ |
| $e^{-\alpha t}u(t)$ | ${\frac {1}{s+\alpha }}$ |
| $\sin(\beta t)u(t)$ | ${\frac {\beta }{s^{2}+\beta ^{2}}}$ |
| $\cos(\beta t)u(t)$ | ${\frac {s}{s^{2}+\beta ^{2}}}$ |
| $e^{-\alpha t}\sin(\beta t)u(t)$ | ${\frac {\beta }{(s+\alpha )^{2}+\beta ^{2}}}$ |
| $e^{-\alpha t}\cos(\beta t)u(t)$ | ${\frac {s+\alpha }{(s+\alpha )^{2}+\beta ^{2}}}$ |
| $2e^{\alpha t}(a\cos {\beta t}-b\sin {\beta t})u(t)$ | ${\frac {a+jb}{s+\alpha -j\beta }}+{\frac {a-jb}{s+\alpha +j\beta }}$ |
| $t^{n}$ | ${\frac {n!}{s^{n+1}}}$ |
| $t^{n}f(t)$ | $(-1)^{n}{\frac {d^{n}F(s)}{ds^{n}}}$ |
| ${\frac {df(t)}{dt}}$ | $sF(s)-f(0)$ |
| $\int _{0}^{t}f(x)dx$ | ${\frac {1}{s}}F(s)$ |
| $u_{-1}(t-t_{0})f(t-t_{0})$ | $e^{-t_{0}s}F(s),t_{0}\geq 0$ |
| $h(t)*f(t)=\int _{0}^{t}h(t-\tau )f(\tau )d\tau$ | $H(s)F(s)$ |
| $f_{1}(t)f_{2}(t)$ | $F_{1}(s)*F_{2}(s)$ |
# Electronics/Magnetic Materials

The simplest types of magnets are permanent (aka hard) magnets and soft magnets. Permanent magnets retain their magnetization after they are removed from the magnetic field that magnetizes them. Soft magnets lose their magnetization after they are removed from the magnetic field that magnetizes them. This naming came about because in the nineteenth century, when magnetic materials first were studied seriously -- for application to electrical transformers -- it was found that iron, a softer material, was magnetically soft, and carbon steel, a harder material, was magnetically hard.
# Electronics/Mesh Analysis

Electronics | Foreword | Basic Electronics | Complex Electronics | Electricity | Machines | History of Electronics | Appendix |

## Meshes

A 'mesh' (also called a loop) is simply a path through a circuit that starts and ends at the same place. For the purpose of mesh analysis, a mesh is a loop that does not enclose other loops.

## Mesh Analysis

Similar to nodal analysis, mesh analysis is a formalized procedure based on KVL equations. A caveat: mesh analysis can only be used on 'planar' circuits (i.e. there are no crossed, but unconnected, wires in the circuit diagram.)
Steps:
* Draw circuit in planar form (if possible.)
* Identify meshes and name mesh currents. Mesh currents should be in the clockwise direction. The current in a branch shared by two meshes is the difference of the two mesh currents.
* Write a KVL equation in terms of mesh currents for each mesh.
* Solve the resulting system of equations.

## Complication in Mesh Analysis

1. Dependent Voltage Sources
Solution: Same procedure, but write the dependency variable in terms of mesh currents.
2. Independent Current Sources
Solution: If current source is not on a shared branch, then we have been given one of the mesh currents! If it is on a shared branch, then use a 'super-mesh' that encircles the problem branch. To make up for the mesh equation you lose by doing this, use the mesh current relationship implied by the current source (i.e. $I_{2}-I_{1}=4mA$).
3. Dependent Current Sources
Solution: Same procedure as for an independent current source, but with an extra step to eliminate the dependency variable. Write the dependency variable in terms of mesh currents.

## Example

Given the Circuit below, find the currents $I_{1}$, $I_{2}$.
The circuit has 2 loops indicated on the diagram. Using KVL we get: Loop1: $0=9-1000I_{1}-3000(I_{1}-I_{2})$
Loop2: $0=3000(I_{1}-I_{2})-2000I_{2}-2000I_{2}$
Simplifying we get the simultaneous equations: $0=9-4000I_{1}+3000I_{2}$ $0=0+3000I_{1}-7000I_{2}$ solving to get: $I_{1}=3.32mA$ $I_{2}=1.42mA$
# Electronics/Microwave
## Microwave

Microwaves are defined to be waves having frequency greater than 1 GHz. While some books put the upper limit of 30 GHz to microwaves, some literature consider the upper limit to be up to 300 GHz. At such high frequencies, the behaviour of the devices used commonly is no longer predictable by general rules and new design issues need to be considered. Even short leads of devices act as inductances and may possess capacitances.
A magnetron emits microwaves at 2450 MHz λ = 12.24 cm A microwave is a Faraday cage, so waves can't escape openings smaller than 6.12 cm. Microwaves work by bombarding atoms from all sides with an electric field. This causes the dipole to keep realigning itself and the food heats up. Most effective on water, metal deflects microwaves. Containers survive because they do not absorb many microwaves relative to the food.
# Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Should we propose 2 new MDGs ?

Development Cooperation Handbook/The video resources linked to this handbook/The Documentary Story/Should we propose 2 new MDGs ?
9 - New Goals 1 - Recognize and protect our diverse identities and our common heritage 10 - New Goals 2 - Improve the health of the global communication climate