# French/Lessons/Recreation

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Lessons · Vocabulary · Grammar · Appendices · Texts
    Aimez-vous ce film ? Oui, je l'aime.
    Nous jouons aux cartes.
and possibly understand:
    Je lui donne le livre.
    Il adore jouer aux jeux vidéo.

## Grammar · Regular -er verbs · Les verbes en -er
### Formation

Most French verbs fall into the category of -er verbs. To conjugate, drop the -er to find the stem or root. Add endings to the root based on the subject and tense.

### Pronunciation, elision and liaison

The -e, -es, and -ent endings all have the same silent pronunciation. The -er and -ez endings are pronounced /e/ (help·info), and the -ons ending is pronounced /ɔ̃/ (help·info).
In all conjugations, je changes to j ' when followed by a vowel or silent h:
    J'aime…$^{Ilike…}$
    J'habite…$^{Ilive…}$
In all plural forms, the s at the end of each subject pronoun, normally unpronounced, becomes a z sound and the n of on becomes pronounced when followed by a vowel.

### Supplementary vocabulary · Common -er verbs
## Vocabulary · Places

* la bibliothèque  ( /bi.bli.jɔ.tɛk/)
* le parc  ( /paʁk/)
* la piscine  ( /pi.sin/)
* la plage  ( /plaʒ/)
* le restaurant  ( /ʁɛs.to.ʁɑ̃/)
* la salle de concert
* le cinéma  ( /si.ne.ma/)
* le casino  (/ka.zi.no/)
* la salle de jeux  (/sal.də.ʒø/)
* le stade  ( /stad/)
* le théâtre  ( /te.atʁ/)

## Grammar · Direct object pronouns le, la, and les

The direct object pronoun le ( /lə/), meaning it or him, replaces masculine singular direct objects:
    Je donne le livre au prof. (I'm giving the book to the teacher.)
    Je le donne au prof. (I'm giving it to the teacher.)
La ( /la/), meaning it or her, replaces feminine singular direct objects:
    Je donne la calculatrice au prof. (I'm giving the calculator to the teacher.)
    Je la donne au prof. (I'm giving it to the teacher.)
Les ( /le/), meaning them, replaces plural direct objects:
    Je donne les livres au prof. (I'm giving the books to the teacher.)
    Je les donne au prof. (I'm giving them to the teacher.)
Le and la become l' before a vowel:
    Aimez-vous le concert ? Oui, je l'aime. (Do you like the concert? Yes, I like it.)
Le, la, and les can replace either people or things:
    Aimez-vous le film ? Oui, je l'aime. (Do you like the film? Yes, I like it.)
    Aimez-vous l'acteur ? Oui, je l'aime. (Do you like the actor? Yes, I like him.)

### Examples
## Vocabulary · Sports, games, and instruments

The verb jouer /ʒwe/ is a regular -er verb meaning to play. It can be used to refer to sports, games, and instruments.
When referring to sports or games, jouer à … is used; recall that au /o/ replaces à le, and aux /o/ replaces à les:
    Je joue au baseball.$^{I'mplayingbaseball.}$
    Nous jouons aux cartes.$^{Weareplayingcards.}$
When referring to instruments, jouer de … is used; recall that du /dy/ replaces de le, and des /dɛ/ replaces de les:
    Je joue du piano.$^{I'mplayingthepiano.}$

### Supplementary vocabulary · Sports

* le baseball  (/bɛz.bol/)
* le basket  (/bas.kɛt/)
* le football  ( /fut.bol/)
* le football américain  (/fut.bol a.me.ʁi.kɛ̃/)
* le golf  (/gɔlf/)
* le tennis  ( /te.nis/)
* le volley  (/vɔː.le/)

### Supplementary vocabulary · Games · Les jeux

* le jeu vidéo  (/ʒø vi.deo/)
* le jeu de société  (/ʒø də sɔ.sje.te/)
* les cartes  ( /kaʁt/)
* les dames  
* les échecs  ( /e.ʃɛk/)
* les dés  ( /de/)

### Supplementary vocabulary · Instruments

* la clarinette  (/kla.ʁi.nɛt/)
* le piano  ( /pja.nɔ/)
* la guitare  ( /ɡi.taʁ/)
* le violon  ( /vjɔ.lɔ̃/)
* la batterie  ( /batʀi/)

## Supplementary grammar · Indirect object pronouns lui and leur

The indirect object pronoun lui /lɥi/ means to him or to her:
    Je lui donne le livre.$^{I'mgivingthebooktohim/her.}$
    Je lui donne un coup de main.$^{I'mgivingahandtohim/her.}$
Likewise, the indirect object pronoun leur /lœʁ/ means to them:
    Je leur donne le livre.$^{I'mgivingthebooktothem.}$
    Je leur donne un coup de main.$^{I'mgivingahandtothem.}$
Lui replaces à [person]:
    Je parle à Jean.$^{I'mspeakingtoJean.}$
    Je lui parle.$^{I'mspeakingtohim.}$
Likewise, leur replaces à [people]:
    Je parle à Jean et Marie.$^{I'mspeakingtoJeanandMarie.}$
    Je leur parle.$^{I'mspeakingtothem.}$
Lui and leur usually only refer to people; they will sometimes also be used in reference to things.

### Examples
## Supplementary grammar · Conjugated verb + infinitive

Like in English, some verbs can be followed by infinitives. Three -er verbs used in this manner are aimer, adorer, and détester:
    Nous aimons jouer aux cartes.$^{Weliketoplaycards}$
    Je déteste jouer au golf.$^{Ihateplayinggolf.}$
    Il adore jouer aux jeux vidéo.$^{Helovestoplayvideogames.}$

### Examples
## Supplementary grammar · To have fun · S'amuser

The verb s'amuser means to have fun in English. It is a type of pronominal verb (a verb that includes a pronoun as part of it) called a reflexive verb, which means that the action of the verb is reflected back onto the subject. Literally translated, the verb means To amuse oneself.

### Examples

Je m'amuse avec mes amis.$^{I'mhavingfunwithmyfriends.}$
T'est en train de t'amuser.$^{You'rehavingfun.}$
Il a l'air de bien s'amuser.$^{Lookslikehe'shavingfun.}$
Nous sommes en train de nous amuser.$^{We'rehavingfun.}$
Vous avez l'air de bien vous amusez.$^{Itlookslikeyou'rehavingalotoffun.}$
Ils s'amusent avec ce ballon.$^{They'rehavingfunwiththisball.}$

## Exercises

(Highlight or hover over a line to show the answer.) Fill in each blank with the correct form of jouer.
(Highlight or hover over a line to show the answer.) Translate from French to English.
(Highlight or hover over a line to show the answer.) Translate from English to French.

## Supplementary exercises

(Highlight or hover over a line to show the answer.) Translate from French to English.
(Highlight or hover over a line to show the answer.) Translate from English to French.
(Highlight or hover over a line to show the answer.) Fill in each blank with the correct form of the -er verb in parentheses.
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