OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Supplemental Guide to Lord of the Flies/Shadows and Tall Trees

Ralph notices how long his hair is and how dirty and unclean he has become. He had followed the hunters across the island. On this other side of the island, the view is utterly different. Simon reassures him that he will leave the island eventually. Ralph is somewhat doubtful, but Simon says that it is simply his opinion. Roger calls for Ralph, telling him that they need to continue hunting. A boar appears; Ralph stabs it with a spear, but the boar escapes. Jack is wounded on his left forearm, so Simon tells him he should suck the wound. The hunters go into a frenzy and Jack says that someone should dress up as a pig and pretend to knock him over. Robert says that Jack wants a real pig so that he can actually kill, but Jack says that he could just use a littlun. The boys start climbing up the mountain once more, but Ralph realizes that they cannot leave the littluns alone with Piggy all night. Jack mocks Ralph for his concern for Piggy. Simon says that he can go back himself. Ralph tells Jack that there isn't enough light to go hunting for pigs. Out of the new understanding that Piggy has given him, Ralph asks Jack why he hates him. Jack has no answer. The boys are tired and afraid, but Jack vows that he will go up the mountain to look for the beast. Jack mocks Ralph for not wanting to go up the mountain, claiming that he is afraid. Jack claims he saw something bulge on the mountain. Since Jack seems for the first time somewhat afraid, Ralph says that they will look for it then. The boys see a rock-like hump and something like a great ape sitting asleep with its head between its knees. At its sight, the boys run off.
# Supplemental Guide to Lord of the Flies/The Sound of the Shell

A group of English schoolboys are left onto a plane during a crisis to escape from attacks of Britain. However, the plane is taken down by an unknown evil (in Chapter 10, a conversation with Ralph reveals the enemies are "Reds") aircraft and the boys find themselves stranded on a deserted island with the pilot killed in the crash. Two central characters, Piggy and Ralph are introduced. They walk down to the beach, Piggy finds a shell: a conch. He gives it to Ralph, who blows in it and they call an assembly of all of the children on the island.
At the assembly, a choir group led by a boy named Jack comes along the beach. Ralph suggests they pick a leader, and he is chosen by a group vote. Jack is not happy about this, although Ralph assures him that he will still be in charge of the choir, who become the hunters. Even at this point, it is hinted that the children are governed more by their emotions since as the book itself states "what intelligence had been shown was traceable to Piggy while the most obvious leader was Jack". After Ralph is elected, he explores the island with Jack and a boy named Simon. They come across a pig entrapped in the bushes. Jack draws his knife but hesitates to kill the pig, aware of the enormity of his actions. This allows the pig to escape. Jack, ashamed of this, resolves never again to hesitate to kill.
# Supplementary mathematics/Applied mathematics

Applied mathematics is a science that is used to apply mathematical methods in various fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science and industry. Therefore, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical sciences and specialized sciences. The term "applied mathematics" also describes a professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical and scientific problems by formulating, studying, and thinking about mathematical models.
In the past, practical applications have also motivated the development and progress of mathematical theories, which then led to the invention of the science of pure mathematics, where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake and have exceptional methods. Therefore, the activity of applied mathematics is closely related to research in pure mathematics. Applied mathematics has concepts that are used in specialized fields. This topic has even been used in mathematics itself, for example, physical objects in nature. can be mentioned in geometry, slope length in differential and integral calculus, etc. It can be said that applied mathematics by discovering in physics, theories, etc It can be used.
# Supplemental Guide to Lord of the Flies/The Shell and the Glasses

Ralph was afraid of the night before because he feared that Simon was killed on purpose and that Simon was actually dead. Ralph was also afraid that he may have contributed to the murder of Simon. Jack is guarding his fort at castle rock, where Roger is ready to use a lever to drop the boulder on intruders. Jack has a boy named Wilfred tied up and beaten for no reason. His face is always painted. Ralph, Piggy, Samneric and a couple of littluns decide to leave the fire and go to bed. They are woken up by unusual sounds-it's Jack and his group searching for the fire. Jack and his group break into the huts and begin to fight Piggy for his glasses. In the confusion Eric and Ralph break into a fight both thinking that they are fighting one of Jack's group. Whilst they were cutting and knocking teeth loose in the process-Jack and his group get Piggy's glasses, then return to castle rock.
# Supplementary mathematics/Analytic geometry

Analytical geometry (also vector geometry) is a branch of geometry that provides algebraic tools (mainly from linear algebra) to solve geometric problems. In many cases, it makes it possible to solve geometric problems purely by calculation, without using the visual aid.
On the other hand, geometry that justifies its propositions on an axiomatic basis without reference to a number system is called synthetic geometry.
The methods of analytical geometry are used in all natural sciences, but above all in physics, such as in the description of planetary orbits. Originally, analytical geometry dealt only with questions of planar and spatial (Euclidean) geometry. In the general sense, however, analytic geometry describes affine spaces of any dimension over any body.
# Science: An Elementary Teacher’s Guide/Physics Objectives
## Welcome to Unit 2: Physics!

Physics is a fundamental science that underlies chemistry, biology, and astronomy, and is actually an attempt to understand all aspects of the universe. Physics builds a theoretical model of the universe by understanding the smallest pieces and studying how those particles interact. Physics involves the study of matter and its motion and behavior through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.
and universal gravitation were major milestones in classical physics]]Much of what we think of with physics relates to "classical physics," which was largely developed by Sir Isaac Newton as he made observations about motion and began to understand the force of gravity (he also developed the mathematics of calculus as a way to understand changes in motion). However, modern physics has recognized that Newton's "Laws" do not work in all situations, which has led to advancements such as quantum physics (to study the incredibly small) or Einstein's Theory of Relativity (to study the incredibly vast or incredibly fast).

### Objectives

Our study of physics will include the following:
* Objects in motion. Objective: Be able to give examples of each of Newton's Three Laws of Motion, and explore the concept of "force."
* Energy, work, power, heat. Objective: Explain different types of energy and transformations between energy types.
* Mass, Weight, and Inertia. Objective: Understand inertia and why starting or stopping require more force than maintaining speed.
* Air and Water. Objective: Explain basic physical properties of air and water and how they are affected by temperature and composition.
* Simple machines. Objective: Understand mechanical advantages and properties of the six classical simple machines and find examples in everyday life.
* Light. Objective: Understand the electromagnetic spectrum, the properties of light and color, and explore how fundamental light is to our perceptions of reality.
* Sound. Objective: Distinguish between light waves and sound waves, understand how sound is created, transmitted, and perceived.
* Electricity and magnetism. Objective: Understand the direct relationship between magnetism and electricity and how to generate one from the other.
* Astronomy. Objective: Explore the vastness of the universe and become more familiar with our own solar system and its place in the galaxy.

### Getting Started

To help set the stage for our exploration of physics, I recommend watching this video from Khan Academy. I agree with Sal Khan that the most important prerequisite to studying physics is "an open mind, a desire to learn, and a willingness to accept that 90% of what you thought about the universe might be wrong." We may encounter some basic algebra, but don't get intimidated by the math or the jargon--PHYSICS IS PHUN! It can even help you understand how amazing Wonder Woman is for stopping bullets with her bracelets!
# Science: An Elementary Teacher’s Guide/Mass vs Weight

Mass
Mass is the quantity or property of matter. Mass is usually measured in grams and kilograms. The more mass an object has the harder the mass is to be moved it. Mass and weight does not have the same units.
Weight is related to gravitational field. The weight of an object depends on the mass. In some parts of earth the gravitational force can pull the weight making the weight heavier than in other parts of Earth. Weight can change according to where the object might be in Earth, but mass does not change. Weight also change from planet to planet. An object that is heavy on Earth will be much lighter in Mars.
Formula
W=mg
W= Weight m= Matter g=acceleration due to gravitaty
# Science: An Elementary Teacher’s Guide/Organic Molecules
## What is a Polymer?

A polymer (meaning "many parts") is a large molecule (a macromolecule), composed of many repeated subunits called monomers ("single parts"). Due to their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential roles in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene and nylon to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization, a chemical reaction where the monomers are joined to each other. Their consequently large molecular mass relative to small molecule compounds produces unique physical properties, including toughness, elasticity, and a tendency to form glasses and semicrystalline structures rather than crystals.

## Inorganic vs Organic

Polymers are of two types: naturally occurring and synthetic or man made.
Natural polymeric materials such as shellac, amber, wool, silk and natural rubber have been used for centuries. A variety of other natural polymers exist, such as cellulose, which is the main constituent of wood and paper.
The list of synthetic polymers, roughly in order of worldwide demand, includes polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber, phenol formaldehyde resin (or Bakelite), neoprene, nylon, polyacrylonitrile, PVB, silicone, and many more. More than 330 million tons of these polymers are made every year.
Most commonly, the continuously linked backbone of a polymer used for the preparation of plastics consists mainly of carbon atoms. A simple example is polyethylene, whose repeating unit is based on the ethylene monomer. However, other structures do exist; for example, elements such as silicon form familiar materials such as silicones, examples being Silly Putty and waterproof plumbing sealant. Oxygen is also commonly present in polymer backbones, such as those of polyethylene glycol, polysaccharides (in glycosidic bonds), and DNA (in phosphodiester bonds).
# Sport Innovation/AFL bid

During August 2008, the CG Continuum had appointed Guy Mckenna as the head Coach. In on October 2009 his Coaching contract was extended until 2012. On the 15th May 2009 it was announced that Travis Auld, previous Essendon administrator, would be the CEO of GC17. Shaun Hart and Marcus Ashcroft were appointed to the coaching panel. Since moving to the Gold Coast from Geelong, Gary Ablett was appointed captain in January 2011.
Since the Gold Coast football Club was starting from the beginning, the club needed players. During the 2009 Draft, the Gold Coast was allowed to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992. During the 2010 season, the Gold coast football club was given the following concessions allowing them enough players to commence the following year
-ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs
-zones access to 5 Queensland players prior to the AFL draft
-First pick in every round plus additional first picks at number 2, 3, and 5,7,1,13,15 of the 2010 AFL draft.
-The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for AFL draft or were previously listed with an AFL club.
-First 5 selections of the rookie draft
-An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38)
# Sport Innovation/Accelerometers in Running/Application to endurance running

Introduction
Mechanism
APPLICATION TO RUNNING
Most of traditional performance analysis of endurance and been done in the laboratory setting. There are differences in kinematics between treadmill and over ground running may affect the accuracy of analysis (Fellin, Manal & Davis, 2010). Field testing made possible with the advent of technology such as accelerometers would be more realistic and natural to the athlete; enabling coaches improve analysis of performance.
Parameters like pace, stride length and speed maybe monitored closely during training to endure that are progressing as planned. Overtraining, a syndrome commonly suffered by endurance athletes, may be more accurately detected because performance would be easily tracked with the use of accelerometers
Race profiles may also be captured. Traditionally, coaches are unable to monitor pace, speed and other parameters during a race. With the use of accelerometers, coaches are able to profile the runner’s entire race. Data on exactly when and where speed or pace is quickened or slowed down may modify training to enhance performance. Athletes may also be able to monitor their progress during a race with real time feed back. This would enable them to increase or decrease their speed accordingly as they would be able to predict their finishing time.(see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FfmFVkUVpg)
The next benefit is that energy expenditure can be more accurately estimated with accelerometers as found by Chen and Sun (1997). This would affect the ability to prescribe nutrition precisely. Nutrition is an important component of endurance sports. Over nutrition would affect body mass and adversely, while under nourishment would also affect athlete’s performance. Nutrition can also be administered that precisely the right moment. For instance, if a marathon runner consistently reduces power output only after a certain mileage during training, supplies can be made available exactly when needed.
The use of accelerometers has certainly improved the training of endurance runners. In present times, accelerometers are not often used in isolation. Other technologies such as heart rate monitoring are often used in combination with accelerometers that provide a greater ability for analysis of athletes.
FAQs
References
# Sport Innovation/Accelerometers in Running/Mechanism

Introduction
MECHANISM
The simple way to understand how an accelerometer works is to imagine a mass connected to a spring, with the end of the spring connected within the case vertically. When the case moves downwards, the spring would compress. Conversely, when the case moves upwards, it stretches. The displacement of the spring, caused by the mass is measured and thus, acceleration along the vertical axis is obtained(see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZVgKu6v808&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL51F0B264DBD7A65F). ) Running involves movement in all three planes. Most modern accelerometers are able to measure acceleration along all three axes using piezo-electric elements and a seismic mass. These components are contained within a case with sensors. Accelerometers like the Polar S1 foot pod is designed to be worn on the dorsum of the foot secured with the shoe lace (see http://www.polar.fi/en/products/accessories/S1_foot_pod). During calibration, reference to the ground is made. When a runner takes a step, the foot lifts off from the ground. Displacement of the seismic mass causes the piezo- electric component to be displaced and resulting in a voltage being discharged (Hodgins, 2004). The voltage corresponds directly to acceleration, with a different signal for each axis. Information of direction and amplitude of acceleration is therefore obtained and calculated based on the reference made with the ground during calibration. Other data such as speed, velocity, and angles can also be obtained with integration. The information is subsequently transmitted to a computer via radio frequency to provide the user. Data can also be stored and downloaded for analysis (Hodgins, 2004). See fig 1 for summary.
Fig.1
Application to endurance running
FAQs
References
# Sport Innovation/AFL bid/AFL Criteria/ Governance structure

During August 2008, the CG Continuum had appointed Guy Mckenna as the head coach. In October 2009 his coaching contract was extended until 2012. On the 15th May 2009 it was announced that Travis Auld, previous Essendon administrator, would be the CEO of GC17. Shaun Hart and Marcus Ashcroft were appointed to the coaching panel. Since moving to the Gold Coast from Geelong, Gary Ablett was appointed captain in January 2011.
Since the Gold Coast Football Club was starting from the beginning, the club needed players. During the 2009 Draft, the Gold Coast was allowed to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992. During the 2010 season, the Gold Coast football club was given the following concessions allowing them enough players to commence the following year
•ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs
•zone access to 5 Queensland players prior to the AFL draft
•First pick in every round plus additional first picks at number 2, 3, and 5, 7, 1, 13 and 15 of the 2010 AFL draft.
•The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for AFL draft or were previously listed with an AFL club.
•First 5 selections of the rookie draft
•An expanded main list of 48 players (clubs are usually allowed 38)
Tasks and Phases Involved
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/ AFL Criteria/ Community/Tasks and Phases Involved

Next, the club looked at engaging the community, and involving them in the club through community programs and partnerships. The main goal of this phase was to engage the whole community in the aim of defining an agenda for the social and community programs. The two main tasks involved in this phase were to establish particular partnerships with schools, surf clubs, local AFL clubs and other community groups within the community, and completing a community needs analysis in order to be able to create a community program strategy that can link with AFLQ programs.
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# Sport Innovation/AFL bid/ AFL Criteria/governance structure

During August 2008, the CG Continuum had appointed Guy Mckenna as the head Coach. In on October 2009 his Coaching contract was extended until 2012. On the 15th May 2009 it was announced that Travis Auld, previous Essendon administrator, would be the CEO of GC17. Shaun Hart and Marcus Ashcroft were appointed to the coaching panel. Since moving to the Gold Coast from Geelong, Gary Ablett was appointed captain in January 2011.
Since the Gold Coast football Club was starting from the beginning, the club needed players. During the 2009 Draft, the Gold Coast was allowed to recruit 12 players born between January and April 1992. During the 2010 season, the Gold coast football club was given the following concessions allowing them enough players to commence the following year
-ability to sign one uncontracted player from each of the 16 AFL clubs
-zones access to 5 Queensland players prior to the AFL draft
-First pick in every round plus additional first picks at number 2, 3, and 5,7,1,13,15 of the 2010 AFL draft.
-The capacity to pre-list 10 players who had previously nominated for AFL draft or were previously listed with an AFL club.
-First 5 selections of the rookie draft
-An expanded main list of 48 players ( clubs are usually allowed 38)
# Sport Innovation/Accelerometers in Running

Accelerometers in Running
This project will discuss the use of accelerometers in running. The contents are arranged as follows:
Introduction
Mechanism
Application to endurance running
FAQs
References
# Sport Innovation/Accelerometers in Running/Introduction

INTRODUCTION
The application of accelerometers can be found in bridges, aircrafts, automobiles, helmets, computers and even mobile devices. Since the turn of the century, accelerometers are increasingly being widely used in sport. This has improved the capability to improve sport performance like never before. This project will explore the technology and implications it has to running.
Accelerometer
   * An accelerometer is a device that measures acceleration (Williams & Rawat, 2008). Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and is proportional to the resultant force acting on a mass, according to Newton’s second law of motion. The SI unit of acceleration is meters/second$^2$ (m/s2), however it is also commonly expressed in g- force (g).
Background
   * George Atwood invented the very first accelerometer in the 1700s. The Atwood machine, as it was called, consists of masses on springs where the velocity is calculated based on displacements experienced. Over the years, technology has evolved to the use of resistance-bridge type accelerometers in the early 1920s, followed by the use of piezoelectric accelerometers commonly used today (Walter, 1999). More on the mechanism can be found here.
Mechanism
Application to endurance running
FAQs
References
# Sport Innovation/AFL bid/AFL Criteria/ Governance structure/Tasks and Phases Involved

The next stage looked into the actual football side of the project, and had the main objectives of appointing key people to execute the football building strategy that occurred over 2008-2010, which would then be ready to enter the AFL competition in 2011. The main tasks within this phase were to appoint a development coach, a talent manager, a list manager and to sign seven local players. This phase was important in order to establish the base players and key staff within the football club.
The final phase of the project was based on the organisation and governance of the AFL team. The main objective within this final phase was to establish the best governance structure in order for a successful community based club to be established. This phase involved four critical tasks, that needed to be completed in order for the club to be established. The first task involved appointing leaders to be on the board. Secondly, the search for a club CEO had to be commenced. A business plan and governance model related to becoming a member’s based club was required to be created and finalised by this stage in the project. Finally, to complete this phase, and thus the project, direct relationships with the Government and Council had to be established.
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