OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nursing Study Guide/nursing profession
### Definition of Nursing

According to the International Council of Nurses Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.

### Evolution

In Alesandro Manzoni's account of the black plague, the parabolani were described as a group of knights and monks who found themselves immune to plague and responsible for the care of survivors. The knights templar (an order of fighting monks involved in the crusades) have also been mentioned as the pre-cursors of nursing. The ministrations of religious figures in ancient times was piece-meal and restricted to a spiritual focus. Florence Nightingale is widely regarded as the mother of modern nursing. She abandoned her aristocratic heritage to embrace a patriotic fervor and is credited with applying statistics to petition the British parliament for infirm soldiers in the 1852 crimean war. Mary Secombe has recently found some notoriety as a contemporary of Nightingale and some authors ascribe the origins of nursing to Lutheran or Roman catholic origins. Victoire Larminier and other religious orders were practising modern nursing principles by the 1920's. Nursing history in the church

### Enlistment

A census of nurses from the late 1800's records several hundred nurses in the fledgling colony of Australia including untrained child and aboriginal female employees who were defined as caring for the sick. The first attempt to regulate nursing occurred shortly afterwards and was established in each of the states by the outbreak of 1914 war in Europe. In 2012 the state nursing authorities were disbanded and regulation was federalized in Australia so licenses became the responsibility of the commonwealth.
# Nursing Study Guide/Further Reading
## See Also

* Open Source Handbook of Nursing
* Community nursing in Ghana
* bed making
* Nursing Careers wikibook page
* AHPRA
* ACCCN
* ANZICS
* ACMHN
* RCNA
* ACORN
* Nursing Assistant Wiki

## Evidence Based Practice

* Cochrane
* JBI
* NHMRC
* Directory of open access journals 23 nursing titles

## further reading

Essentials of critical care nursing 2009
Anatomy and Physiology for nurses 2001 McGraw Hill
Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs - Tiziani 2010 epub only
Joanna Briggs Institute for Nursing Research
Australian Nursing Midwifery Board
Nursing Manifesto
Amnesty International Nurses and Huamn Rights
Humanistic Nursing by Josephine G. Paterson and Loretta T. Zderad 1972
United States Army Handbook of Nursing 1970
Essentials of psychiatric nursing 2010
Human Anatomy 6thEd Van De Graaf
Care, culture, and education nursing students' perceptions of care and culture: implications for practice (2010)dissertation paper

## veteran reading

Procedures in nursing : preliminary and advanced 1923 McCrae
Modern Methods in Nursing 1922
Texbook of Surgical Nursing 1921 Ralph & Manelva
Principles of surgical nursing: A Guide to Modern Surgical Technic 1918 Wanhuis
Genrwal Nursing 1917 Luckes
Elementary nursing procedures for training schools for nurses 1915 California Bureau
Practical nursing; a text-book for nurses 1914 Maxwell & Pope
Outlines of general and surgical nursing 1912 Lindsay
Notes on Nursing by Florence Nightingale (1880)
Diary of a Nursing Sister on the Western Front 1914-1915
The White Linen Nurse by Eleanor Hallowell Abbott (fiction 1913)
A text-book of nursing 1902 Week-Shaw
Our army nurses. American civil war nurses (1895)
Surgical Nursing 1899 Voswinkel
The Nursing sister : a manual for candidates and novices of hospital communities 1899
Manual of Nursing 1898 Cullingworth
Practical points in nursing for nurses in private practice 1897 Stoney
Nursing: its principles and practice. For hospital and private use 1893 Robb
Lectures on Medical Nursing: Delivered in the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow 1883
# OCR A-Level Computing New Syllabus/Unit 1.2.1 Systems Software

Interrupt handling
Vital that the CPU can be interrupted when necessary, interrupts can be sent to the CPU by software hardware devices or the CPUs internal clock.
Interrupt examples: I/O device sends an interrupt signal, the printer runs out of paper, an error occurs in a program, a scheduled interrupt from the internal clock, power failure
Using the stack, when interrupt detected, the processor stops fetching inst and instead pushes the current contents of its registers onto a stack. CPU uses interrupt service routine to process the interrupt. When processing finished, can be popped from the stack and reloaded into the CPU. Interrupt priority, have different priorities. Higher priority interrupt occurs whilst an interrupt is being processed, original interrupt’s registers will be pushed onto the stack as well. LIFO.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Eleanor Branstone
## Overview

Eleanor Branstone is a Hufflepuff who arrived at Hogwarts in Harry's fourth year.

## Role in the Books
### Goblet of Fire

Eleanor Branstone was Sorted into Hufflepuff House.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
* What qualities would Eleanor Branstone have or not have if she was sorted into Hufflepuff?
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Elladora Black
## Overview

Elladora Black was a pure-blood witch and an aunt to Sirius and Regulus Black. Apparently she started the tradition of cutting off the heads of house elves when they got to a certain age.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

While looking at the Black Family tapestry, she is one of the names Sirius points out to Harry and tells him that it was her who began the tradition of cutting off the heads of the family house-elves and stuffing them when they got too old to carry tea trays.

## Relationships with Other Characters

Judging by the way Sirius sarcastically refers to her as "Dear aunt Elladora" it seems that she did not get along with her nephew. At the very least he held her with as much contempt as he did the rest of his family.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.

## Greater Picture

Much like the Malfoys, she is a great example of how poorly many wizards, apparently especially pure-blood wizards, treat their house-elves, going so far as to outright murder them when they get too old.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Eloise Midgeon
## Overview

Eloise Midgeon may be a Hufflepuff; very little is mentioned about her, except that she is plagued by a terrible acne problem.

## Role in the Books
### Goblet of Fire

It is mentioned in passing, in talking about the medicinal effects of Bubotubers, that Eloise Midgeon had tried to jinx her acne off. "But Madam Pomfrey fixed her nose back on in the end."

### Order of the Phoenix

Immediately after publication of the Educational Decree banning student groups, Hermione tells Ron and Harry that nobody in the newly formed Defence Association could possibly have told Professor Umbridge about the group. She had had them all sign a piece of parchment that was charmed so that if anyone betrayed the group, they would get skin blemishes that would "make Eloise Midgeon's acne look like a couple of cute freckles".

### Half-Blood Prince

Eloise Midgeon is mentioned here as being removed from the school for reasons of her perceived safety, as a result of general fear and uncertainty spreading through the Wizarding population due to Lord Voldemort's return.

## Weaknesses

Whether it is a weakness, or simply an accident of nature, Eloise Midgeon is always used as an example of a person with really bad acne.
We gather that her judgment in dealing with her acne is somewhat suspect, as she apparently manages to charm her own nose off while trying to get rid of it.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Emmeline Vance
## Overview

Emmeline Vance is a member of the Order of the Phoenix.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

We see Emmeline Vance briefly; a stately witch, she is a member of the Advance Guard who comes to collect Harry Potter from the Dursley's house near the start of the book.

### Half-Blood Prince

In discussion between the Muggle Prime Minister and Cornelius Fudge, we learn that the Vance family has been brutally murdered, only a short distance away from the Prime Minister's home. In discussions between Severus Snape, Bellatrix Lestrange, and Narcissa Malfoy, we learn further that it was by means of information received from Snape that Lord Voldemort was able to have Emmeline Vance murdered.

## Relationships with Other Characters

She may possibly have been friends with Lily Evans, James Potter, Sirius Black, Dorcas Meadows, Remus J. Lupin, or Marlene McKinnon, as they were all in the original Order of the Phoenix. However, we have no direct information about this.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Elphias Doge
## Overview

Elphias Doge is a wheezy-voiced wizard who is a member of the Order of the Phoenix.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

We first see Elphias Doge when he arrives at the Dursleys' as part of the Advance Guard. He and several other Order members are Harry's escort as he travels to Number 12, Grimmauld Place by broom.

### Deathly Hallows

After the death of Albus Dumbledore, Elphias Doge writes a eulogy that is published in the Daily Prophet. In that eulogy, he mentions that he and Dumbledore had gone to school together, and that he had traveled the world afterwards while Dumbledore had stayed at home, caring for his family.
At the wedding of Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour, Elphias is quite indignant about what Rita Skeeter had written about Dumbledore and, to a lesser extent, about himself. He mentions in passing that Dumbledore had lived in Godric's Hollow, and Bathilda Bagshot, who was likely Rita's informant, lived there still. He also mentions that Godric's Hollow is named for Godric Gryffindor.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Eric Munch
## Overview

Eric Munch is a watchwizard at the Ministry of Magic.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

When Harry is entering the Ministry to attend his hearing, he must stop at the security desk, where the watch wizard, here identified only as Eric, must weigh his wand. Having done so, the wizard looks at Harry for the first time, and noticing his scar, seems to realize who Harry is. Before he can say anything else, Arthur Weasley, accompanying Harry, thanks him dismissively.
It is reported in the Daily Prophet that watchwizard Eric Munch was the one who had caught Sturgis Podmore attempting to break through a secure door at the Ministry of Magic on 31 August.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Ernie Prang
## Overview

Ernie Prang is the driver of the Knight Bus.

## Role in the Books
### Prisoner of Azkaban

When Harry falls into the street, after tripping over his trunk, the Knight Bus appears to pick him up. Ernie, the driver, is sitting in an armchair in front of the steering wheel, but he evidently is either not very familiar with its operation, or naturally careless, as Harry sees the bus mounting the pavement and watches, amazed, as mailboxes, lampposts, and occasionally entire houses leap out of the way of the bus. Harry sees a picture of Sirius Black on the cover of Stan Shunpike's newspaper, and recognizes him as the mass murderer who has been mentioned on the Muggle news. Stan and Ernie discuss the circumstances of Sirius' arrest twelve years before, thus bringing Harry up to speed on what is happening in the Wizarding world.

### Order of the Phoenix

Nymphadora Tonks summons the Knight Bus to take Harry, Ron, Ginny, Hermione, and the twins back to Hogwarts. Although we don't talk to him and don't see him, we can assume that Ernie is still driving, as Stan Shunpike is still the conductor, and the driving style has not changed.

## Strengths

Ernie drives the Knight Bus and, although his driving does not appear to have much accuracy to it, he never hits anything due to the bus' magical nature. At the very least, he does get the bus to the exact location the passenger requests, so he is successful in that regard.

## Weaknesses

He is a relatively careless driver, although that doesn't matter in the case of the Knight Bus.
Ernie is also shown to occasionally be easily startled; when Harry mentions Voldemort's name, he loses control of the wheel and the bus veers so far off-course that a whole farmhouse has to jump out of its way.

## Relationships with Other Characters

Ernie knows and works with Stan, and they appear to have an amiable relationship, although it is Stan who does most of the talking. It is a reasonable guess that Ernie is familiar with some denizens of the wizarding world, particularly those who travel on the Knight Bus.

## Analysis

Given that Ernie seems to be uncertain of the operation of a steering wheel, it is perhaps reasonable that his surname "Prang" is British slang for an automobile accident.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
* For how long has Ernie been driving the Knight Bus?
* Would the bus still be operating during Voldemort's rise to power in Harry's seventh year?
* If the bus is operational for twenty-four hours a day, when and where does Ernie sleep?

## Greater Picture

Ernie serves as a gentle reminder that the wizarding world is not too different from the Muggle world in some aspects - most of the adults we see are teaching at a school of magic, working in magical shops or regulating the use of magic in government, but in Ernie, we have a familiar sight to Muggles and wizards alike - a bus driver.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Errol
## Overview

Errol is the Weasleys' owl. He is rather old and has a tendency to crash into things.

## Role in the Books
### Chamber of Secrets

Errol appears at the Burrow a couple of days after Harry's arrival there, when Percy Weasley nearly sits on him at breakfast. Harry initially thinks it's a moulting grey feather duster, but then notices it's breathing. Ron says that he's finally brought an answer from Hermione, that Ron had told her that they were planning to rescue Harry. Ron tries to put Errol on a perch by the door, but he just flops off, so eventually, he leaves Errol on the draining board. Hermione suggests in the letter that Ron should probably try to find a different owl, the trip seems to have almost killed this one.
We next see Errol when he brings a Howler for Ron on the first day of school. He falls into the jug on the table, spraying milk on Hermione. Ron seems horrified, so Hermione points out that Errol is still breathing, but it is the Howler that Ron is scared of.

### Prisoner of Azkaban

Errol delivers a birthday present to Harry from Ron, or tries to. The first we see of Errol, he is being essentially dragged through the sky by Hedwig and one of the school's barn owls, having tried to fly all the way from Egypt and not been up to the task. Harry tries to put Errol on the perch in Hedwig's cage, but he falls right off again. A few hours later, when Harry gets up, Errol has recovered enough that he is able to stand on the perch, and he and Hedwig are both asleep. Shortly, though, Harry has to send them both away to The Burrow, as he has agreed to act entirely normal for a week while Aunt Marge is there.

### Deathly Hallows
## Strengths
## Weaknesses

Being an old owl, Errol is always exhausted after delivering mail. On at least one occasion, he is unable to complete his delivery unaided; tasked with bringing Harry a birthday present, he ends up being dragged in through Harry's window by Hedwig and one of the school's barn owls.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Euan Abercrombie
## Overview

Euan Abercrombie is Sorted into Gryffindor house in Harry's fifth year.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

At the Sorting Ceremony, Harry notes that one of the first years is looking particularly frightened, and this reminds him of his own Sorting and how scared he was then. The boy turns out to be Euan, who is Sorted into Gryffindor as soon as the noise following the Sorting Hat's song has faded.

### Deathly Hallows
## Strengths
## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-b
## The -b keyword

-b is a file test that tests, if the file is a block special file.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -b returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-f
## The -f keyword

-f is a file test that tests, if the file is a plain file.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -f returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-W
## The -W keyword

-W is a file test that tests if the file is writable by effective uid/gid.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -W returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-c
## The -c keyword

-c is a file test that tests, if the file is a character-special file.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -c returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-e
## The -e keyword

-e is a file test that tests, if the file exists.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -e returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-R
## The -R keyword

-R is a file test that tests, if the file is readable by real uid/gid.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -R returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-S
## The -S keyword

-S is a file test that tests, if the file is a socket.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -S returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-d
## The -d keyword

-d is a file test that tests, if the file is a directory.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -d returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-T
## The -T keyword

-T is a file test that tests if the filehandle is opened to a TTY.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if something is true about it. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -T returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).

### See also

* -B
# Perl Programming/Keywords/-X
## The -X keyword

-X is a file test that returns true, if the file is executable by real uid/gid.
It takes one argument, either a FILENAME, a FILEHANDLE, or a DIRHANDLE to test the associated file to see, if the file has zero size. If the argument is omitted, it tests $_. -X returns 1 for true and an empty string for false. If the file doesn't exist or can't be examined, it returns undef and sets $! (errno).
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Permanent Sticking Charm
## Overview

The Permanent Sticking Charm is used to permanently fasten one object onto another.

## Extended Description

Although we are never informed how to perform this charm, we do see its results; and we are led to believe that it is effectively irrevocable.
We first see this charm used, in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, in the entrance hall of Number 12, Grimmauld Place. Sirius tells Harry that his mother had affixed her portrait to the wall with a Permanent Sticking Charm, and Sirius has been completely unable to remove it.
Sirius Black later tells Harry about the tapestry showing the family tree of the "most Ancient and Honourable House of Black." This tapestry is also affixed to the wall with a Permanent Sticking Charm.
Fred and George threaten to fasten Ron's Prefect badge to his forehead with a Permanent Sticking Charm when he seems unable to decide where to keep it.
In the first chapter of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the Muggle Prime Minister recalls his efforts to remove a portrait in a distant corner of his office. From the description of his efforts and how they had failed, we can guess that this portrait, which is a Wizarding portrait used for communications between the Ministry of Magic and the Prime Minister's office, is affixed to the wall of the office with a Permanent Sticking Charm.
Finally, when Harry visits Sirius' room for the first time in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, he finds that many pictures and tokens of Sirius' stay in Gryffindor House had been attached to the walls with Permanent Sticking Charms. One assumes that Sirius had done this to irritate his parents. Perhaps curiously, Regulus' room, similarly decorated with Slytherin memorabilia, is not described as having had that charm used; perhaps Regulus, as he was not rebelling against his parents, did not fear that his decorations would be disturbed.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Pepper-Up Potion
## Overview

Pepper-Up Potion is a restorative potion. It seems to have the side effect of making steam come out the drinker's ears.

## Extended Description

We first see this potion used after the Second Task of the Triwizard Tournament. Madam Pomfrey is administering this potion to all of the Champions and their "treasures" (hostages to the Merpeople) as they emerge from the lake. Harry does indicate that he feels much warmer once the potion has been administered.
There is a Wizard candy, Pepper Imps, that apparently also makes steam come out the ears; likely it is based on this potion.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.