OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Natural Disasters/Evacuation
## In advance

In many cases, there will be ample warning before a natural disaster actually reaches an area. In such cases, it's best to evacuate before the disaster reaches you rather then when the disaster reaches you. As some warnings for disasters that never strike are inevitable, many in disaster prone regions get complacent, and stop taking warnings seriously. It is important that you at least consider what would need to be done to get out while it is still easy. If authorities tell you to leave in advance, you should listen.

## Just in time

Sometimes there will be less advance warning, or it will become apparent that staying behind is not a good idea. In these cases evacuation is more difficult, because it's likely that others have also realized a need to evacuate at the same time. Still, even though evacuation can be more difficult, if you need to evacuate, then you need to evacuate. Follow official guidance on what to do if there is any.

## During

While a natural disaster is actively taking place, it may be best to shelter in place instead of evacuating if you are currently in a suitable shelter. Conditions outside are likely dangerous, and even short trips can be perilous. However if your shelter is unsuitable or compromised, evacuation may be necessary to ensure your safety. While the goal of an evacuation before a disaster is to remove yourself from an affected area, that may not be possible or safe while a disaster is ongoing. If removing yourself from the affected area is impossible or unsafe, then the next best thing is to seek a suitable shelter.
Remember, the goal of an evacuation is to get to a safe place. If the place you are at is already safe, it's best to hunker down, even if it's not necessarily as comfortable as you would like.

## Aftermath

While sheltering in place may get you through the active disaster, the aftermath may contain unsafe conditions that you should remove yourself from. Following a natural disaster, everyday comforts and even necessities are likely to either be stretched thin or are going to be non-existent. While evacuating following a natural disaster, it is important to be on the lookout for damaged infrastructure, and to give right of way to aid workers and first responders if they are present.
If you require urgent assistance or aid following a disaster, particularly medical aid, food, or water, it is important that you make your needs known to the proper authorities, charitable organizations, or other assisting group. However understand that depending on the circumstances, they may have a limited capability to assist, especially in the area affected by the disaster.
# Natural Disasters/Mitigation

Some natural disasters can be mitigated before they happen at all. While many mitigation strategies require large scale infrastructure, some do not.
Here are some general mitigation strategies which can be done on a personal level:
* Build away from active risks.
* Have a few days worth of emergency supplies.
** Keeping some non perishable and non refrigerated food, water, and protective equipment suitable for your area on hand is most important.
** Ideally, supplement this with a first aid kit, flashlight, and an emergency radio.
** If possible, have a power supply, such as a generator, or off the grid renewable source. If you don't have the means to have these on hand, consider at least keeping spare batteries for essential equipment.
** If you rely on a specific medication, always get it refilled at a pharmacy few days prior to running out, rather then just in time.
** Have a schedule to take inventory. Check to make sure your stored food, water, and batteries are still good.
# Natural Disasters/Preparation

* Have a bug out bag with all the supplies you need in one place. It should be easy to carry.
* Have a stock of water and non perishable food at home.

## Gallery

* Video showing how to make a emergency kit.
# Natural Disasters/Limnic Eruption
## Introduction

A limnic eruption is a dangerous but rare event in which certain lakes suddenly release accumulated gases, which leads to asphyxiation in the surrounding area.

## Remediation

It is possible to remediate the threat of a limnic eruption before one occurs through the use of degassing machinery on a lake of concern.

## References

* ↑ Wenz, John (15 October, 2020). "The African lake with explosive power". Knowable Magazine (BBC). https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20201009-lake-kivu-the-african-lake-that-could-explode-with-methane.
* ↑ "The Killer Lakes of Camaroon". globalchange.umich.edu. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
# Natural Disasters/Flash Flood
## Preperations

* Follow best practices if you must build in a floodplain.
* If there is adequate time before rainfall during a flash flood warning, evacuate to a safe area.

## During

* Flood water can be deceptive! It is difficult to determine the depth or speed of floodwater.
* Do not attempt to cross floodwater in an automobile.
** Even shallow water can disable or carry away heavy vehicles such as trucks.
** If you do find yourself in a automobile which is being carried away by floodwater, abandon it immediately - It is a lost cause.
* Do not directly touch floodwater if possible. Floodwater is rarely pure and may contain contaminants such as sewage, chemicals, electical hazards, or sharp debris. Because flood water is often murky, you may not be able to truly see what hazards are in the water.

## References

* ↑ "EGLE - Floodplain Management FAQs". www.michigan.gov. https://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135-3313_3684_3725-11281--,00.html#9.
* ↑ "Flooding". Upper Iowa University. https://uiu.edu/experience/safety-security/emergency-preparedness/flooding/.
* 1 2 US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Severe Weather Awareness - Flood Safety" (in EN-US). www.weather.gov. https://www.weather.gov/mob/Severe_Flood.
* 1 2 US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Turn Around Don't Drown". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
* ↑ "Floodwater After a Disaster or Emergency | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 17 September 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
# Natural Disasters/Flood
## Preperation

* Build out of floodplains if possible.
# Natural Disasters/Hurricane
## Gallery

* Video: Preparing for a Hurricane.
* Video: Evacuating the Area of a Hurricane.
* Video: Electrical Safety During a Hurricane.
* Video: Know How to Stay Safe and Healthy After A Hurricane.
# Natural Disasters/Thunderstorm

Thunderstorms are a common weather event in many parts of the world. While dangerous, with proper preparation and precautions, they can be easily handled.

## Preparation
### Long Term

* Ensure your buildings have properly installed lightning rods, and ideally a complete lightning protection system.
* Be ready for strong winds associated with thunderstorms.

### Just before a storm

* Unplug electronics prior to storm, especially if they are ungrounded.
* Bring any animals inside, and ensure they are calmed.
* If outside, seek shelter immediately inside a building or metal roofed car.

## During
### What to do

Stay inside if possible.
Stay away from windows and avoid touching plumbing and electrical or gas appliances for the duration of the storm.

### Common Mistakes
#### Trees

Do not take shelter under a tree. While the tree will likely be a tall enough object to channel lightning, the resulting strike will likely harm anyone near the tree.

## References

* ↑ "Lightning Rods". www.weather.gov. US Department of Commerce - NOAA. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
* ↑ "Thunderstorms". Transport Canada. Transport Canada. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
* 1 2 3 "Lightning Myths". www.weather.gov. US Department of Commerce - NOAA. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
# Vertex shader1
## Input variables
## Output variables

* vec4 gl_Position : vertex homogeneous coordinates in projection space
* float gl_PointSize : using rendering points, size of the point

# Fragment shader
## Input variables

* vec4 gl_FragCoord : pixel coordinates (x,y) + fragment depth (z)
* bool gl_FrontFacing : is pixel facing the camera or the opposite direction? (used in two-sided lighting)
* vec2 gl_PointCoord : when using Point Sprites, position within the point

## Output variables

* vec4 gl_FragColor : RGBA color to use
* vec4 gl_FragData[gl_MaxDrawBuffers] : alternative to gl_FragColor when drawing to multiple buffers

# References

* "OpenGL ES Shading Language 1.0.17 Specification" (PDF). Khronos.org. 2009-05-12. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- Recent stats
< OpenGL Programming
# Introduction

When drawing a black line on a white background, a computer or GPU would, on the most basic level, just determine which pixels it should make black. This works very well for horizontal or vertical lines. However, if a line is diagonal, you will immediately see that the line is not smooth, but jagged. However if we would not just use black and white, but also strategically place grey pixels, we can fool our eyes and make the line look much smoother. This is called anti-aliasing. There are various ways to anti-alias lines, other shapes or even text. The oldest trick in the book is to draw a line twice as big, and then to scale down the resulting black-and-white image to the original size, taking the average of every group of 2x2 pixels. The resulting image will have 5 shades of grey (including black and white), and is a big improvement. Of course, you can also draw the line three, four or even more times as big (for 10, 17 or more shades of grey). This technique is called supersampling. It is very time consuming, since you have to render a much larger image, and it gives you only a limited amount of shades. However, the big advantage is that this technique is very simple, and works with *any* kind of image, whether it is a line, text, or a 3D scene.

# Supersampling using the accumulation buffer

We can implement the same technique using the accumulation buffer. The problem however is that the accumulation buffer is not larger than the normal color buffers, it has exactly the same size. Instead, we can render the same scene multiple times, but each time shifted a tiny bit. Suppose we start with the following code that sets up the model-view-projection matrix, and then renders a frame:
If we want to do 2x2 antialising, we shift the scene by (0, 0), (0.5, 0), (0, 0.5) and (0.5, 0.5) pixels respectively. This is easy to do; after we have applied the model-view-projection matrix to the vertices, we have screen coordinates, where (0, 0) corresponds to the bottom left, and (1, 1) to the top right of the viewport. So to shift by (0.5, 0.5) pixels, we need to apply a translation of (0.5 / w, 0.5 / h) units, where w and h are the width and height of the viewport in pixels. This is the result:

# Exercises

* Apply this technique to any of the previous tutorials.
* Try out 3x3, 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 pixel anti-aliasing. Where do you think is the point after which you gain nothing in quality?
* Is this really the same as rendering a larger image and then scaling it down? What about a line that is thinner than one pixel?
* Can you combine this technique efficiently with motion blur?
# OpenGL Programming/Team

Click here to view the most recent contributions
The Modern OpenGL section was written by:
* Beuc: started the new section, wrote the Basics, Selected Topics, Post-Processing, Mini-Portal, Code Quality sections; adapted GLSL Lighting tutorials from GLSL wikibook
* Martin_Kraus: wrote the initial GLSL Lighting pages, later adapted to this wikibook
* Guus: wrote the Scientific Arc tutorials and Glescraft
- Recent stats
< OpenGL Programming
# Open Source Church

It is possible to try a demo of CRMchurch by connecting to http://demo.churchcrm.io with username: admin and password: changeme

## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Install
* Persons
* Families
* Groups
* Events
* Deposit
* Fundraising
* Data and Reports
# Open Source Church/Data and Reports

From the top menu, selecting Data/Report --> Query Menu, you can run the following Queries:
# Open Source Church/Families

A Family is a group of Person records. Individual records are grouped into Families to represent the idea of a Family within the Church and share information common to all family members, such as address, phone number, email, etc.

## Add a new family

1. From the top menu, select People --> New family. 2. Fill in the form, bearing in mind that up to ten family members can be entered directly from this form. 3. Complete the individual lines for each person, entering the surname only if different from the surname of the family. All persons entered this way will create a new Person tab which will be assigned to the designated Family tab. 4. Press Save when the form is complete.

## View a family

There are two ways to view a family: 1. Enter a name to search for in the search field at the top of the page under ChurchCRM and click the button next to "Family" by pressing enter. 2. From the top menu click People --> View Families...

## Add property

A family can have a property as a "single parent". To add a new property click from the top menu, People -->Admin--> Family properties and add or modify the existing ones. The created properties can be assigned in the card of the selected family.

## Add new member, note, donation or payment

View the card of the selected family and press the relative add and edit buttons.

## Remove a family

1. Filter the desired family and view the family view. 2. Select "Delete this family" . If this button doesn't appear, then either you don't have permission to delete records, or the Family still has Person records assigned to it. You cannot delete a family record until all person records have been deleted from it.
# Open Source Church/Groups

A group is a set of people who occupy roles within it. Groups can be used to represent organizational, educational, and social constructs within the church.
For example, a group could be "Friday Night Bible Study" or Mass Singers, Parish Choir, Elderly Group, Caritas - Help Center, Caritas - Food Bank, Church Reception, Musicians, Volunteers - Visiting the Sick, Scouts, etc. ..
The 'roles within a group can be Leader, Assistant Leader, Member etc. If 16 people are assigned to a group, 13 can fill the role of member, 2 can fill the role of assistant leader and 1 can fill the role of leader.
You can also create types of group (for example Bible Study, Manager, Team, Volunteer, Youth) by selecting from the top menu:
Groups --> Admin --> Group Types.

## Create a new group

1. From the top menu, click Groups -->List Groups --> Add New Group 2. Fill in the form by entering the group name, description, its roles and its type 3. Press _"Save"_. 4. When a new group is created, a "Member" role is automatically created and assigned as the default role for that group. (However, you can change the name of this role immediately.)

## Add people to a group

1. To add many people at the same time to a group, they can be added to the cart by viewing the list of people from the menu on the left: People --> View people and clicking on the cart corresponding to the person to add . When the cart is full of the chosen people, it must be opened by clicking on the cart icon at the top and then pressing the "Empty cart in group" button, in this way it will be possible to select the name of the group where to empty the cart.< br> 2. To add single people to a group, you can view the list of groups and click on the eye to open a group, at the bottom you can add single people by clicking the first 2 letters of the surname in Add group member. 3. People can be added to multiple groups at the same time.

## Edit a group

1. From the left menu, select Groups-->"Group List". 2. Click the pencil to the left of the group name. 3. Make your changes and save

## Change a person's role in the group

1. From the left menu, select Groups-->"Group List". 2. Click the eye to the left of the group name. 3. Find the desired Member and click on "Group Role". 4. Select the new role from the dropdown list. 5. Press "Ok".
# Open Source Church/Persons

A Person represents a single individual. People can be grouped into Families, can belong to Groups, can have Properties, Roles, classifications, Volunteer and can be made Users of the application. First of all it is necessary to write the properties, roles and classifications of a generic person: For the classifications from the left menu select People-->Admin-->Responsible for classifications and write into member, visitor, guest etc.
For the roles from the menu on the left select People-->Admin-->Family Roles and write into Head of Family, Wife, Son etc. For the properties from the menu on the left select People-->Admin-->Properties of people and write disabled and add, for example, people's needs and resources as properties: economic needs, need for companionship , need for physical assistance, need for professional help, need for help for specific skills, professional resources, economic resources, etc. For volunteering from the left menu select People-->Admin-->Volunteering Opportunities and create them in order to subsequently assign them to people.
Once this is done, it will be possible, for example, to search for people using queries by property, classification, role, etc. and send emails or contact only the people you find.

## Add a new person

There are two ways to add a new person:
From the left menu, click on "Add a new person"
Complete the form and press "Save" or "Save and add". This will add the person and create a new blank form to add another person (useful for large amounts of data entry). However, to insert a new family with its people it is better to use the Family Editor.

## How to search and edit a person

In the left menu under ChurchCRM type the first 2 letters of a person's last name, the list of all people with those 2 letters will appear. After selecting it, its tab will appear, where it is possible to assign one or more properties, groups, volunteer opportunities, notes, etc. and you can also make the person a user who will have privileges on site editing, writing etc.

## Enter a person's age

ChurchCRM automatically calculates age based on the given date of birth. Age will be calculated as best as possible with the information provided. At least one year of birth must be entered. Even if you don't know a person's year of birth, you can always make an estimate until that information is available.

## Remove a person

1. Filter for the person you want and view their Person View. 2. Select "Delete this record" If you don't see this link, you don't have permission to delete records 3. Confirm deletion

## Send emails to many people

1. Choose People --> View all people.
2. In the **Filter and cart** area, enter a name in the search field and choose *Apply filter*.
3. In the **List** area, click on the Cart icon corresponding to the people to add.
4. Continue adding people to your cart as described in the previous steps.
5. Choose the shopping cart icon in the header bar at the top of the screen.
6. Click on the *Email Cart* button. Your default email program will open which will include emails from your contact persons
# Open Source Church/Deposit

ChurchCRM has a finance function to track pledges and donations.
The software keeps track of the following information:

## Create a new deposit

For example, if you want to renovate the bathrooms, you can create a new "Bathroom Renovation" deposit. You can proceed as follows:
1. From the top menu, select Repository --> View All Repositories
2. Write Bathroom Renovation in the Comment Deposit.
3. Click on "Add new deposit".

## Enter a payment from the deposit

1. From the top menu, select Repository --> View All Repositories
2. Click on the magnifying glass of the deposit to be deposited and then on add payment. 3. Type the first 2 letters of the donor family's last name
4. Enter the amount and save.

## Enter a donation or payment from the family view

1. From the top menu, click on People -->View families.
2. Click on the magnifying glass icon next to the family to edit it.
3. Click on the "Add new payment" or "Add new donation" button. 2. Enter the information
3. Click on "Save".
# Open Source Church/Events

ChurchCRM allows you to create events that will appear in your church calendar. Events can be recurring (like a weekly church service) or one-time (like a community awareness day). To establish the recurrence or non-recurrence of an event, an event type must be defined.

## Creating an event type

Event types act like templates that define parameters for events you'll create in the future. Event types allow you to set details such as recurrence and the default start time an event can have.
You can also identify the type of people you want to count towards participation in the optional "Frequency Count" field. This field is arbitrary, it has no relation to the ChurchCRM database itself.
To create an event type:
1. Choose from the top menu Events –-> List event types
2. Choose Add event type.
3. Make your entries and choose Save Changes.

### Example

You want to create some type of event to support the "Newcomer Luncheon" that you host from time to time at your church. The luncheon does not take place regularly and you want to be able to know the number of regular faithful (whether they are members or not), as well as the newcomers who attended this luncheon.
To do this, you will add a new event type and define the following settings:
- **Event Type Name**: Newcomers Lunch - **Recurrence pattern**: none - **Default start time**: 12:30 - **Count of attendance**: regular believers, newcomers

## Creating an event

Events inherit some properties from event types. You can also define the event title, description, date range, event sermon (if any), and status.
To create an event:
1. Choose Events --> Add Church Event .
2. Select an event type.
3. Make your entries and choose *Save Changes*.

## Joining an event

During an event, you can keep track of people's attendance.

## =To add an existing person to an event:

1. Choose People --> View all people*.
2. In the **Filter and cart** area, enter a name in the search field and choose *Apply filter*.
3. In the **List** area, click on the *Add to cart* icon corresponding to the people to add.
4. Continue adding people to your cart as described in the previous steps.
5. Choose the shopping cart icon in the header bar at the top of the screen.
6. Choose *Empty cart for event*.
7. Select your event and choose *Add Cart to Event*.

## Generating attendance reports for an event

You can generate reports based on the attendance history for an event. The types of people monitored are defined in the event type.
** To generate a report:**
1. Choose *Data/Reports -> Reports menu*.
2. Choose an event type from the *Event Attendance Reports* area.
3. Choose a person type corresponding to the event you want to generate a report for.