# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular modernized/Exercises (2)

Lesson 7

## Section 1

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| si3(2)gang1 | sì-kang | 世間 | The world. |
| tin1ê6 | thinn-ĕ | 天下 | The world. |
| tin1 | thinn | 天 | Heaven. |
| di7 | tī | 地 | Earth. |
| suan1 | suann | 山 | A hill, a mountain. |
| hai2 | hái | 海 | Sea. |
| dua7hai2 | tūa-hái | 大海 | Ocean. |
| zui2 | tsúi | 水 | Water. |
| hai2(6)gin5 | hái-kînn | 海墘 | Sea-coast, sea-side. |
| tou5 | thôu | 土 | Earth, ground. |
| ciu7 | tshīu | 樹 | Trees. |
| hiêh8 | hîeh | 葉 | Leaves. |
| dua7ziêh8 | tūa-tsîeh | 大石 | Rocks. |
| ziêh8 | tsîeh | 石 | Stones. |
| ziêh8(4)bou6 | tsîeh-pŏu | 石部 | Stones. |
| sua1 | sua | 沙 | Sand. |
| nang5 | nâng | 儂 | Mankind. |
| da1bou1 | ta-pou | 丈夫 | Male. (only used of man.) |
| ze1niên5 | tsur-nîe | 諸娘 | Female. (only used of man.) |
| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| si3(2)gang1 gai5(7) nang5 si6(7) ag4 | sì-kang kâi nâng sĭ ak | 世間 個 儂 是 惡 | The people in the world are wicked. |
| tin1ê6 si6(7) kuah4 | thinn-ĕ sĭ khuah | 天下 是 闊 | The world is broad. |
| siang6(7)di3 do6(7) tin1, nang5 do6(7) di7 | sĭang-tì tŏ thinn, nâng tŏ tī | 上帝 在 天，儂 在 地 | God is in heaven, and men are on earth. |
| tin1 do6(7) ziên7, di7 do6(7) ê6 | thinn tŏ tsīenn, tī tŏ ĕ | 天 在 上，地 在 下 | Heaven is above, and earth is below. |
| suan1 si6(7) guin5, hai2 si6(7) cim1 | suann sĭ kûinn, hái sĭ tshim | 山 是 懸，海 是 深 | Mountains are high, and seas are deep. |
| dua7hai2 gai5(7) zui2 nam1 | tūa-hái kâi tsúi nam | 大海 個 水 藍 | The waters of the oceans are blue. |
| hai2(6)gin5 u6(7) nang5(7) gian1 | hái-kînn ŭ nâng kiann | 海墘 有 儂 行 | There are people walking on the sea-side. |
| tou5 bhoi6(7)bui5 | thôu bŏi-pûi | 土 𠁞 肥 | The soil is not fertile. |
| ciu7 bhoi6(7)huag4 | tshīu bŏi-huak | 樹 𠁞 發 | The trees do not grow. |
| hiêh8 do6(7) lug4, ciu7 ain3(2)si2 | hîeh tŏ luk, tshīu àinn-sí | 葉 在 落，樹 愛 死 | The leaves are falling, and the trees are withering. |
| do6(7) hai2(6)gin5 u6(7) dua7ziêh8 | tŏ hái-kînn ŭ tūa-tsîeh | 在 海墘 有 大石 | There are rocks on the sea-side; |
| u6 ziêh8(4)bou6, u6(7) sua1 | ŭ tsîeh-pŏu, ŭ sua | 有 石部，有 沙 | There are stones, and there is sand. |
| nang5 do6(7) si3 m7gu2 | nâng tŏ sì m̆-kú | 儂 在世 唔久 | Man is not long in the world. |
| da1bou1 ru2(6)zang3(2) guê3(2) ze1niên5 | ta-pou zú-tsàng kùe tsur-nîe | 丈夫 愈壯 過 諸娘 | Man is stronger than woman. |
| u6(7)gai5(7) ze1niên5 ru2(6)ghao5 guê3(2) da1bou1 | ŭ-kâi tsur-nîe zú-gâu kùe ta-pou | 有個 諸娘 愈𠢕 過 丈夫 | Some women are cleverer than men. |
| do6(7) zou2(6)gê1 u6(7) gê1gê1 ze1niên5, ghao5(7) guê3(2) da1bou1 | tŏ tsóu-ke ŭ ke-ke tsur-nîe, gâu-kùe ta-pou | 在 祖家 有 。。 諸娘，𠢕過 丈夫 | There are many ladies in England cleverer than men. |
| dng5(7)nang5-gai5(7) ze1niên5 ziê2(6)ziê2 bag4(8)ri7 | tn̂g-nâng-kâi tsur-nîe tsíe-tsíe pak-zī | 唐人個 諸娘 少少 捌字 | Very few Chinese ladies can read. |
| ung2-gai5(7) ze1niên5 long2(6)zong2 bag4(8)ri7 | úng-kâi tsur-nîe lóng-tsóng pak-zī | 阮個 諸娘 攏總 捌字 | Our ladies can all read. |

## Section 2

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| rig8 | zîk | 日 | Sun. |
| ghuêh8 | gûeh | 月 | Moon. |
| cên1 | tshenn | 星 | Stars. |
| huang1 | huang | 風 | Wind. |
| hou6 | hŏu | 雨 | Rain. |
| hung5 | hûng | 雲 | Clouds. |
| kêng6 | khĕng | | Rainbow. |
| lui5 | lûi | 雷 | |
| lui5(7)gong1 | lûi-kong | 雷公 | Thunder, lightning. |
| huang1tai1 | huang-thai | 風颱 | Typhoon. |
| êng2 | éng | | Waves. |
| lao5(7)zui2 | lâu-tsúi | | Tide. |
| lao5(7)din6 | lâu-tĭnn | | Flood-tide. |
| lao5(7)ko2 | lâu-khó | | Ebb-tide. |
| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| rig8 cug4 a1bhuê7? | zîk tshuk a-būe? | 日 出 阿未？ | Has the sun risen? |
| bhuê7 | būe | 未 | Not yet. |
| ghuêh8 bho5(7) rig8 hiêh3(2)gng1 | gûeh bô zîk hìe-kng | 月 無 日 ～光 | The moon is not so bright as the sun. |
| ghuêh8 do6(7) pu5 | gûeh tŏ phû | 月 在 浮 | The moon is rising. |
| kuan1kuan1 guin5 | khuann-khuann kûinn | | It is getting higher and higher by degrees. |
| cên1 iab8(4)iab8(4)sih4 | tshenn iâp-iâp-sih | | The stars are twinkling. |
| huang1dua7 | huang-tūa | 風大 | The wind is blowing hard. |
| he2(6)zang5(7) dua7ciu7 koih4 huang1 cuê1 do2-ke3 | húr-tsâng tūa-tshīu khoih huang tshue tó-khùr | 許叢 大樹 乞 風 吹 倒去 | That large tree has been blown down by the wind. |
| hou6 ain3(2) lai5 | hŏu àinn lâi | 雨 愛 來 | The rain is coming. |
| lui5(7)gong1 dang2 | lûi-kong táng | | The thunder roars. |
| lui5(7)gong1 nih4(8)mag8, liou2 zian3(2)dang2 | lûi-kong nih-mâk, líou tsìann-táng | | The lightning flashes first, then the thunder roars. |
| hou6 dian7diêh8 si6(7) dua7 | hŏu tīan-tîeh sĭ tūa | 雨 定着 是 大 | The rain is sure to be a heavy one. |
| dng5(7)nang5 gang2(6)giu3(2) lui5(7)gong1 m6(7)dui3 | tn̂g-nâng káng-kìu lûi-kong m̆-tùi | 唐人 講究 雷公 唔對 | What the Chinese discuss about the lightning is not correct. |
| dng5(7)nang5 zi3(2)gai5(7) se7 m7hiou2 | tn̂g-nâng tsì-kâi sūr m̆-híou | 唐人 只個 事 唔曉 | The Chinese do not understand about this matter. |
| eng1gog4(8)nang5 ziu6(7)hiou2 | eng-kok-nâng tsĭu-híou | 英國儂 就 曉 | The English understand. |
| kêng6 u6(7) gê1gê1 sêg4 | khĕng ŭ ke-ke sek | | The rainbow has many colours. |
| u6(7) ang5, u6(7) bêh8, u6(7) nam5, u6(7) cên1, u6(7) ng5 | ŭ âng, ŭ pêh, ŭ nâm, ŭ tsenn, ŭ n̂g | | It has red, white, blue, green and yellow. |
| huang5(7)liou2(6) u6 | hûang-líou ŭ | | It has some more. |
| si6(7) ngia2(6)zai5 | sĭ ngía-tsâi | | It is very beautiful. |
| nang2 so2(6)u6-gai5(7) sêg4 si6(7) cong5(7) kêng6-go3 lai5 | náng só-ŭ-kâi sek sĭ tshông khĕng-kò lâi | | The colours which we have, come from the rainbow. |
| lao5(7)din6 a1si6(7) ko2? | lâo-tĭnn a-sĭ khó | | Is it high tide or ebb tide? |
| lao5(7) ko2 | lâu-khó | | It is ebb tide. |
| hai2 u6(7) êng2 mê7? | hái ŭ éng--mē? | | Are there any waves in the sea? |
| u6, êng2 bhoi7 dua7 | ŭ, éng bōi tūa | | Yes, the waves are not big. |
| huang1tai1 si6(7) hong1hiam2 | huang-tai sĭ hong-híam | | The typhoon is dangerous. |

## Section 3

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| bian1sng1 | piann-sng | | Ice. |
| soh4 | soh | | Snow. |
| mong5(7)ing1 | mông-ing | | Mist. |
| lou7zui2 | lōu-tsúi | | Dew. |
| pag8 | phâk | | Hail. |
| gou1 | kou | | Mould. |
| tin1si5 | thinn-sî | 天時 | Weather. |
| si3(2)kui3 | sì-khùi | 四季 | The four seasons. |
| cung1 | tshung | 春 | Spring. |
| hê7 | hē | 夏 | Summer. |
| ciu1 | tshiu | 秋 | Autumn. |
| dang1 | tang | 冬 | Winter. |
| Pêng'im | TL | English |
| bian1sng1 si6(7) ngang5(7)zai7? | piann-sng sĭ ngâng-tsāi? | Ice is very cold? |
| soh4 gan2(6)si(7) ru2(6)ngang5 | soh kánn-sĭ zú-ngâng | Snow is perhaps colder. |
| nang2 ziê2 hang2(6)diĝ4 u6(7) soh4 | náng tsíe háng-tik ŭ soh | We seldom have snow at our place here. |
| rig8 zêg8(4)ê7 cug4(8) mong5(7)ing1 ziu6(7)suan3 | zîk tsêk-ē tshuk mông-ing tsĭu-sùan | When the sun rises the mist disperses. |
| ciu7 bho5(7) lou7zui2 bhoi6(7) uah8 | tshīu bô lōu-tsúi bŏi uâh | The trees will not grow without dew. |
| hoh4(8)gu2 nang2-ciê2 m7bag4(8) u6(7) loh8(4)pag8 | hoh-kú náng-tshíe m̆-pak ŭ lôh-phâk | For a long time we have not had hail here. |
| dang1tin1 kiou1gian2(6)nang5 si6(7) ci1cam2 | tang-thinn khiou-kiánn-nâng sĭ tshi-tshám | In Winter the poor are miserable. |
| bu3(2)-gai5(7)nang5 li1 cêng7 siê1 | pù-kâi-nâng li tshēng sie | But the rich are warmly clad. |
| dang1tin1 cing3(2)zai7 | tang-thinn tshìng-tsāi | In Winter it is very cold. |
| hê7tin1 ziu6(7)ruah8 | hē-thinn tsĭu-zûah | But in Summer it is hot. |
| zêg8(4)nin5 u6(7) si3(2)kui3 | tsêk-nî ŭ sì-khùi | There are four seasons in a year. |
| do6(7) zou2(6)gê1 hê7tin1 bho5(7) ziê2 hiên3(2)ruah8 | tŏ tsóu-ke hē-thinn bô tsíe hìenn-zûah | In England the Summer is not so hot as here. |
| dang1tin1 ru2(6)cing3(2) ziê2 | tang-thinn zú-tshìng tsíe | In Winter it is colder than here. |
| do6(7) zou2(6)gê1 zêg8(4)nin5 cung1tin1 si6(7) siang7ho2 | tŏ tsóu-ke tsêk-nî tshung-thinn sĭ sīang-hó | In England Spring is the best of the year. |
| cung1tin1 gao3(2)lai5, cao2 long2(6)zong2 huag4 | tshung-thinn kàu-lâi, tsháu lóng-tsóng huak | When Spring comes, all the grass grow. |

## Section 4

| Pêng'im | TL | English |
| mêng5(7)ki2 | mêng-khí | Morning. |
| rig8(4)tao5 | zîk-thâu | Noon. |
| mên5(7)hng1 | mênn-hng | Evening. |
| ziên7gua3 | tsīenn-kùa | Forenoon. |
| ê6(7)gua3 | ĕ-kùa | Afternoon. |
| mên5(7)hng1gian2 | mênn-hng-kíann | To-night (early.) |
| gê1mên5 | ke-mênn | To-night (rather late.) |
| rig8 | zîk | Sun or day. |
| ghuêh8 | gûeh | Moon or month. |
| rig8-gua3 | zîk-kùa | In the day. |
| mên5-gua3 | mênn-kùa | In the night. |
| rig8 uan3 | zîk-ùann | Late in the day. |
| rig8 am3 | zîk-àm | Late in the night. |
| buan3(2)mên5 | pùann-mênn | Midnight |
| san1gê1buan3(2)mên5 | sann-ke-pùann-mênn | Third watch or midnight, (meaning a very late hour at night.) |
| Pêng'im | TL | English |
| mêng5(7)ki2 u6(7) nang5(7) lai5 a1bho5? | mêng-khí ŭ nâng lâi a-bô? | Did any body come this morning? |
| le2 zai1 a1 m7zai1? | lúr tsai a-m̆-tsai? | Do you know or not? |
| ua2 m7zai1 | úa m̆-tsai | I don't know. |
| rig8(4)dao3 ua2 m7do6(7) ziê2 ziah8 | zîk-tàu úa m̆-tŏ tsíe tsîah | I am not going to take dinner here at noon. |
| ua2 rig8(4)dao3 ain3(2)ke3(2) koih4 nang5(7)cian2 | úa zîk-tàu àinn-khùr khoih nâng tshíann | I am invited out for noon. |
| le2 diang1si5(7) zian3(2)ain3(2) dng2-lai5? | lúr tiang-sî tsìann àinn tńg-lâi? | When will you come back? |
| mên5(7)hng1 ziah2(6) dng2-lai5 | mênn-hng tsíah tńg-lâi | I shall not be back until to-night. |
| ba1lag4 ê6(7)gua3 ia7 m7zai1 | pa-lak ĕ-kùa iā m̆-tsai | Perhaps in the afternoon, but I don't know. |
| gê1mên5 i1 m7do6 | ke-mênn i m̆-tŏ | He shall not be at home to-night. |
| mên5(7)hng1-gian2 i1 ain3(2)lai5(7) ua2-go3 | mênn-hng-kíann i àinn-lâi úa-kò | He is coming to my place to-night. |
| ua2 cian2 i1 | úa tshíann i | I have invited him. |
| i1 zoh4(8) u6(7) riêh8(4)zoi7 rig8(4) gang1? | i tsoh ŭ ziêh-tsōi zîk kang? | How many days' work has he done? |
| i1 zoh4(8) u6(7) zêg8(4)gai5(7) ghuêh8 | i tsoh ŭ tsêk-kâi guêh | He has worked one month. |
| i1 rig8-gua3(2) zoh4, mên5-gua3 ia7 zoh4 | i zîk-kùa tsoh, mên-kùa īa tsoh | He worked in the day, and he also worked in the night. |
| i1 gai5(7) kang1kuê3 si6(7) dang3-zai7 | i kâi khang-khùe sí tàng-tsāi | His work is very heavy. |
| rig8(4) bhuê7-am3 | zîk būe àm | It is not yet dark. |
| le2 ug8(4)gao3(2) rig4(8) hiên3(2)uan3 zian3(2) zao2(6)ki2 | lúr ûk-kàu zik hìenn-ùann tsìann tsáu-khí | You have slept far into the day, before you got up. |
| ê6(7)rig4(8) le2 m7mon2(6) ug8(4)gao3(2) hiên3(2)uan3 | ĕ-zik lúr m̆-mó ûk-kàu hìenn-ùann | For the future, you must not sleep so late into the day. |
| rig8am3 diêh8(4) ke3(2)ug8 | zîk-àm tîeh khùr-ûk | When it is late at night, you must go to bed. |
| main3(2)gao3(2) buan3(2)mên5 zian3(2) ke3(2)ug8 | màinn kàu pùann-mênn tsìann khùr-ûk | Don't let it be midnight before you go to bed. |
| san1gên1buan3(2)mên5 main3(2) ke3(2)kao2 | sann-kenn-pùann-mênn màinn khùr-kháu | Don't go out at such a late hour at night. |

## Section 5

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| za2 | tsá | 早 | Early. |
| za2(6)za2 | tsá-tsá | 早早 | Very early. |
| tin1gng1 | thinn-kng | 天光 | Day-break, dawn. |
| gian2(6)rig8 | kíann-zîk | | To-day. |
| man(2)ki2 | mánn-khí | | To-morrow. |
| ao6(7)rig8 | ău-zîk | 後日 | Day after to-morrow. |
| dua7-ao6(7)rig8 | dūa-ău-zîk | 大後日 | A day later than above. |
| za1rig8 | tsa-zîk | 昨日 | Yesterday. |
| za1mên5 | tsa-mênn | 昨暝 | Last night. |
| rig8(4)rig8 | zîk-zîk | 日日 | |
| bai5(7)rig8 | pâi-zîk | 排日 | Every day. |
| mên5(7)nin5 | mênn-nî | | Next year. |
| ni5(7)nin5 | nî-nî | 年年 | |
| bai5(7)nin5 | pâi-nî | 排年 | Yearly. |
| zong1gu2 | tsong-kú | | Always. |
| zua7zua7 | tsūa-tsūa | | |
| ê7ê7 | ĕ-ĕ | 下下 | Every occasion. |
| Pêng'im | TL | English |
| man3(2)-mêng5(7)ki2 le2 diêh8(4) za2(6)za2 zao2(6)ki2 | mànn-mêng-khí lúr tîeh tsá-tsá tsáu-khí | To-morrow morning, you must get up very early. |
| le2 m7mon2(6) ug8(4)gao3(2) rig8-uan3 zian3(2) zao2(6)ki2 | lúr m̆-mó ûk-kàu zîk-ùann tsìann tsáu-khí | You must not sleep until late in the day before you get up. |
| diêh8(4) za2(6)zê7 | tîeh tsá-tsē | You must be early. |
| dan1, le2 diêh8(4) ig4(8)dig4 | tann, lúr tîeh ik-tik | Now, you must remember. |
| m7mon2(6) m7 ig4(8)dig4 | m̆-mó m̆ ik-dik | Don't forget. |
| ho2, ua2 tin1gng1 ziu7 ain3(2) zao2(6)ki2 | hó, úa thinn-gng tsīu àinn tsáu-khí | Very well. As soon as day-break I will get up. |
| gian2(6)rig8 ua2 m7oin1 | kiann-zîk úa m̆-oinn | I am busy to-day. |
| man3(2)ki2 zian3(2)lai5 | mànn-khí tsìann-lâi | Come to-morrow. |
| man3(2)ki2 ruang7 diang1si5 | mànn-khí zūang tiang-sî | Any time to-morrow. |
| ho2-lo7, le2 ho2(6)ke3 | hó-lō, lúr hó-khùr | That will do, you may go. |
| ua2 gian2(6)rig8 tang3(2)rig8 do6(7) lai5 | úa kíann-zîk thàng-zîk tŏ lâi | I am at home all to-day. |
| man3(2)ki2 ua2 m7do6 | mànn-khí úa m̆-tŏ | I shall not be at home tomorrow. |
| le ming2(6)êng7 lai5 | lúr míng-ēng lâi | You need not come. |
| ao6(7)rig8 ua2 ziu6(7) dng2-lai5 | ău-zîk úa tsĭu tńg-lâi | I shall be back the day after to-morrow. |
| ua2 zua7zua7 lai5(7)gao3(2) cuê7 le2 m7do6 | úa tsūa-tsūa lâi-kàu tshūe lúr m̆-tŏ | On every occasion of my coming, I could not find you. |
| ua2 za1rig8 lai5, za1mên5 ia7 lai5 | úa tsa-zîk lâi, tsa-mênn īa lâi | I came yesterday, and last night as well. |
| i1 zong1gu2(6) si6(7) ziên3(2)sên1 | i tsong-kú sĭ tsìenn-senn | He is always like this. |
| i1 si6(7) duan6, zo3(2)se7 cing3(2)cai2(6) zo3 | i sĭ tŭan, tsò-sē tshìng-tshái tsò | He is idle, and does things carelessly. |
| le2 ê6(7)rig8 m7mon2(6) ziên3(2)sên1 | lúr ĕ-zîk m̆-mó tsìenn-senn | You must not be like this for the future. |
| le2 diêh8(4) ziên3(2)sên1 muêh8 | lúr tîeh tsìenn-senn mûeh | You must do it like this. |
| diêh8(4) gi3(2)dig4, rig8(4)rig8 diêh8(4) ziên3(2)sên1 | tîeh kì-tik, zîk-zîk tîeh tsìenn-senn | You must remember, and every day do like this. |
| ua2 nin5(7)nin5 diêh8(4) dng2-ke3 | úa nî-nî tîeh tńg-khùr | I must go home every year. |
| ua2 mên5(7)nin5 ain3(2) dng2-ke3 | úa mênn-nî àinn tńg-khùr | I shall go home next year. |
| zêg8(4)nin5 nan7si6(7) bho5(7)dng2-ke3 ziu6(7) m7zo3(2)dig4 | tsêk-nî nā-sĭ bô-tńg-khùr tsĭu m̆-tsò-tik | It will not do, unless I go home once a year. |