# Chinese (Classical Mandarin)/Transliteration and pronunciation

| Traditional name | Transliteration | IPA | Colloquial variation (IPA) | English approximation |
| | Onset consonants | | | |
| 幫 | p | p | | spy |
| 滂 | ph | pʰ | | pat |
| 並 | phh | pʰ⁽ʱ⁾ | pʰ | pat |
| 並 | b | b | p | b |
| 明 | m | m | | m |
| 非 | f | f | | f |
| 奉 | fv | fʱ | f | f |
| 微 | v | v | v~w | v |
| 端 | t | t | | stay |
| 透 | th | tʰ | | Thai |
| 定 | thh | tʰ⁽ʱ⁾ | tʰ | Thai |
| 定 | d | d | t | d |
| 泥 | n | n | | n |
| 精 | tz | ts | | tz |
| 清 | ths | tsʰ | | cats |
| 從 | thhs | tsʰ⁽ʱ⁾ | tsʰ | cats |
| 從 | dz | dz | ts | cards |
| 心 | s | s | | s |
| 邪 | sz | sʱ | s | s |
| 照 | č (before e/u/we) | tʃ | ts | |
| 照 | č (elsewhere) | tʃ | | tj |
| 穿 | čh (before e/u/we) | tʃʰ | tsʰ | |
| 穿 | čh (elsewhere) | tʃʰ | | chat |
| 牀 | čhh (before e/u/we) | tʃʰ⁽ʱ⁾ | tsʰ | |
| 牀 | čhh (elsewhere) | tʃʰ⁽ʱ⁾ | tʃʰ | chat |
| 牀 | dj (before e/u/we) | dʒ | ts | |
| 牀 | dj (elsewhere) | dʒ | tʃ | j |
| 審 | sh (before e/u/we) | ʃ | s | |
| 審 | sh (elsewhere) | ʃ | | sh |
| 禪 | shh (before e/u/we) | ʃʱ | s | |
| 禪 | shh (elsewhere) | ʃʱ | ʃ | sh |
| 見 | k | k | | sky |
| 溪 | kh | kʰ | | kite |
| 羣 | khh | kʰ⁽ʱ⁾ | kʰ | kite |
| 羣 | g | g | k | gum |
| 疑 | ng (before w/u/i/y) | ŋ | ∅ | |
| 疑 | ng (elsewhere) | ŋ | ŋ | hangar |
| 影 | ’ (before w/u/i/y) | ʔ | ∅ | |
| 影 | ’ (elsewhere) | ʔ | ŋ | |
| 曉 | h | h ~ ꭓ | | h |
| 匣 | hh | ɦ | h ~ x | h |
| 來 | l | l | | l |
| 日 | zh | ʒ ~ ɻ | | vision |
| | Rhymes | | | |
| 東 | ung | uŋ | | oong |
| | yung (after khh or ∅) | yuŋ | | yoong |
| | yung (elsewhere) | yuŋ | uŋ | yoong |
| 支 | e | ɨ | | sit |
| | ï | ɨ | i | |
| | i (after f/v) | i | i/ei | key |
| | i (elsewhere) | i | | key |
| | r | ɻ | | |
| 齊 | i | i | | key |
| 魚 | yu | y | | you |
| 模 | u | u | | cool |
| 皆 | ai | aɪ | | side |
| | wai | waɪ | | wise |
| | iai | iaɪ | | yikes |
| 灰 | ui | uɪ ~ weɪ | | way |
| 真 | en | ən | | pin |
| | un (after labials) | un ~ wən | ən | |
| | un (elsewhere) | un ~ wən | | win |
| | in (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | in ~ iən | | keen |
| | in (elsewhere) | in ~ iən | | keen |
| | yun (after k/kh/khh/g/h/hh/ʾ/∅) | y(u)n ~ yən | | yoon |
| | yun (elsewhere) | y(u)n ~ yən | un ~ wən | yoon |
| 寒 | won | wɔn | | won |
| 刪 | an | an | | Ann |
| | wan | wan | | |
| | ian | ian | iɛn | yen |
| 先 | ien | iɛn | | yen |
| | yuen | y(u)ɛn | | |
| 蕭 | iew/iau (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɛʊ | iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ | |
| | iew/iau (elsewhere) | iɛʊ | iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ | |
| 爻 | ao/aw | ɑʊ | | cow |
| | iao/iaw | iaʊ | iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ | |
| 歌 | o | ɔ | | awe |
| | wo | wɔ | | walk |
| 麻 | a | a | | bat |
| | wa | wa | | |
| | ia | ia | | yak |
| 遮 | ie (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɛ | | yes |
| | ie (elsewhere) | iɛ | | yes |
| | yue (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | y(u)ɛ | | |
| | yue (elsewhere) | y(u)ɛ | | |
| 陽 | ang | ɑŋ | | ong |
| | wang | wɑŋ | | Wong |
| | iang (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɑŋ | | yong |
| | iang (elsewhere) | iɑŋ | | yong |
| 庚 | eng | əŋ | | ung |
| | weng | wəŋ | | wung |
| | ing | iŋ ~ iəŋ | | |
| | yueng | y(u)əŋ | | |
| 尤 | ow | oʊ ~ əʊ | | |
| | iow (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | ioʊ ~ iəʊ | | |
| | iow | ioʊ ~ iəʊ | | |
| 侵 | em | əm | ən | limb |
| | im (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | im | in | limb |
| | im | im | in | deem |
| 覃 | am | am | an | lamb |
| | iam | iam | iɛn | yam |
| 鹽 | iem | iɛm | iɛn | yam |
| 屋 | uk | ʊʔ | | look |
| | yuk (after k/kh/khh/g/h/hh/ʾ/∅) | yʊʔ | | |
| | yuk (elsewhere) | yʊʔ | ʊʔ | |
| 質 | et | əʔ | | cut |
| | ut | ʊʔ | | put |
| | it (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɪʔ | | eat |
| | it (elsewhere) | iɪʔ | | eat |
| | yut | yʔ | | |
| 曷 | ot | ɔʔ | | caught |
| | wot | wɔʔ | | |
| 轄 | at | aʔ | | cat |
| | wat | waʔ | | |
| | iat | iaʔ | | |
| 屑 | iet (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɛʔ | | yet |
| | iet (elsewhere) | iɛʔ | | yet |
| | yuet (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | y(u)ɛʔ | | |
| | yuet (elsewhere) | y(u)ɛʔ | | |
| 藥 | ok | ɒʔ | ɔʔ | |
| | wok | wɒʔ | wɔʔ | |
| | iok (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɒʔ | iɔʔ | |
| | iok (elsewhere) | iɒʔ | iɔʔ | |
| 陌 | ek | əʔ | | |
| | wek | wəʔ | | |
| | ik (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɪʔ | | |
| | ik (elsewhere) | iɪʔ | | |
| | yuek | yuəʔ | | |
| 緝 | ep | əʔ | | |
| | ip (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) | iɪʔ | | |
| | ip (elsewhere) | iɪʔ | | |
| 合 | ap | aʔ | | |
| | op | ɔʔ | | |
| | iap | iaʔ | | |
| 葉 | iep | iɛʔ | | |
| | Tones | | | |
| 平 | a/ā | ˧ | | |
| | ȃ | ˨˩ | | |
| 上 | à | ˥˧ | | |
| | á' | ˨˦ | | |
| 去 | á | ˨˦ | | |
| 入 | a(-p/t/k)/ă | -ʔ | | |