OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Introduction to Art/Introduction

Welcome to Art: The Wikibook.
This page is meant to introduce art. Art is a very abstract concept, and as such, it makes writing a book on the topic very difficult. Even more difficult is the introduction to such a book. So to start off, it is very important to discuss what this book plans to accomplish, and what it does not plan to accomplish.
What this book will not do:
# Introduction to Art/Painting Exercises
### A white object on a white object

In Old Masters paintings, a white plate is quite distinct from the tablecloth on which it rests. Obviously, the eye perceives very clear and distinct differences between the two. But what are they? Painting a white object resting on a white object is an extreme exercise to train your eye to see the myriad colors that reflect off white objects.
# Introduction to Art/Digital Art I

Let's divide Digital Art, meaning visual art using digital media into the following rough categories
* Imitation of traditional art (like Painter, ArtRage, ...)
* enhancing traditional work (like coloring scanned inkings or enhance colors of a scanned image)
* decontextualizing (using digital means for collages or seemingly real photographs)
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1950 07
## P.01 - Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.
1/6
Vol. 14 - No. 12; JULY 15, 1950

## P.03 - Contents Banner

THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS
VOL. 14 - July, 1950 - No. 12

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101
Representatives —
In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.
In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland
In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., Ulster Chambers, Regent St., London, W.1.
Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.
Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free
Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Printed by The Clyde Press, 608 High St., Thornbury, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Box 13, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS
Our HI-FI Party for Readers . . . . 5
A Novel Sound System . . . . 6
"The Farmer's Four" . . . . 9
"Hamlet Jnr." . . . . 15
A Switched Amplifier . . . . 17
V.F.O. with Power . . . . 19
Interesting T.R.F. Circuit . . . . 21
Ham Notes . . . . 22
Receiver Circuit Designs . . . . 23
For the Practical Man . . . . 30
Foreign Language Broadcasts . . . . 31
Speedy Query Service . . . . 34

## P.03 - Editorial

PERSONAL
As announced on page 5 of this issue, I have made arrangements for a get-together of those interested in the subject of quality reproduction. When it comes to the subject of sound reproduction, the laboratory of the Rola Company is probably the best-equipped in the Commonwealth. I have often visited there to hear the latest in speakers, to play around with the latest of imported gramophone outfits. These visits have always been of great interest and I have often said to myself that I would like all my readers to be able to share such pleasures. Now, through the co-operation of the Rola Company, it has become possible for me to extend to you an invitation to be present at a really fine demonstration which has been arranged for 3rd August. At this party I hope that it will be possible to get down to tin tacks on the subject of what is worth hearing and what is not. Reproduction of the highest fidelity, equal to anything yet done in any part of the world, will be demonstrated, as well as filtered effects to show what is lost in realism when the frequency response is restricted. A. G. HULL.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1950 08
## P.01 - Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.
1/6
Vol. 15 - No. 1; August 18, 1950

## P.03 - Contents Banner

THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS
Vol. 15 - August, 1950 - No. 1

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101
Representatives —
In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.
In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland
In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., Ulster Chambers, Regent St., London, W.1.
Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.
Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free
Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Printed by The Clyde Press, 608 High St., Thornbury, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Box 13, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS
New Radiotron Amplifier . . . . 5
Receiver Alignment . . . . 7
Home Light and Radio . . . . 11
Amongst Our Readers . . . . 13
The Superhet. Tuner . . . . 15
Time Delay Relay Switch . . . . 22
Amateurs' Activities . . . . 23
B.C.I. Filter For Domestic Receivers . . . . 26
The V.H.F. Man's Page . . . . 27
For Beginners . . . . 29
Emergency Operation . . . . 30

## P.03 - Editorial

PERSONAL . . .
I have not had time to prepare a full report of our Hi-fi Party for this issue. As announced in last month's issue, we offered our Melbourne readers a chance to hear some exceptional reproduction. We expected that we would get an audience of fifty or sixty enthusiasts, but the demand for reservations was so heavy that we were forced to hold four parties, each packed to capacity. Which was very heartening in its way, but brought home to me again so strongly that it is a tough battle to be a one-man organization in the publishing business. With assistance, there is no limit to what can be done with the old "Radio World". I have a wide following which has been built up over many years, but I cannot do everything myself. So I cannot take advantage of the many opportunities offering. Already I have to do all the office work, editorial work, and the many details connected with the publication. I cannot pursue the advertising as well. Yet if I could get more advertising revenue, I could afford to run much bigger and better issues. My rates for advertising have not been advanced since 1936, offering exceptional value to the keen businessman, but I need the services of good advertising representatives to place these facts before those concerned. If there is any person connected with the advertising business who can handle "Radio World", even if in spare time or part time, I will be pleased to make him a generous proposition. A. G. HULL
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1950 09
## P.01 - Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.
1/6
Vol. 15 - No. 2; September 18, 1950

## P.03 - Contents Banner

THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS
Vol. 15 - September, 1950 - No. 2

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101
Representatives —
In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.
In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland
In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., Chronicle House, Fleet St., London, W.1.
Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.
Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; POST FREE
Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Printed by The Clyde Press, 608 High St., Thornbury, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Box 13, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS
A Plan for F.M. . . . . 5
World of Radio . . . . 6
Hi-Fi Parties Crowded . . . . 7
Modern Commercial Circuits . . . . 9
Hum in Hi-Fi Amplifiers . . . . 11
Intermediate Frequency Circuits . . . . 14
Among Our Readers . . . . 20
More About the Morse Code . . . . 21
Amateur Activities . . . . 23
Going Up . . . . 25
Short Wave Review . . . . 28

## P.03 - Editorial

PERSONAL . . .
About four years ago, I started an experiment in de-centralization when I established a combined home and office in what was hoped would be inspirational surroundings. It has now been decided that the experiment was a failure. Without going into the many minor problems which arose, it finally became evident that I could not handle affairs properly by such remote control. So now I am making tracks back to the "Big Smoke". It is hoped that, by next month’s issue, I will be able to advise a city address; in the meantime, the old address is O.K. In response to a plea for assistance regarding the business side of the publication, I was fortunate enough to receive an offer from an ex-ham, who has a city office and keen sales staff. A working agreement comes into operation for the next issue. To safeguard the production end was the next problem, and so the latest in high-speed automatic printing presses was ordered from Sweden some months ago and is now on the water. When it arrives I expect to get a working arrangement for its priority operation by an established printer, or else to instal my own complete plant. The de-centralizing scheme was not all loss. The sojourn in the country was like a grand holiday, from which I now return with renewed vigour and a determination to improve the old Radio World until it is worthy of holding its place as the only magazine in Australia which is devoted exclusively to technical radio. — A. G. HULL
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1950 11
## P.01 - Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.
1/6
Vol. 15 - No. 4; November 20, 1950

## P.03 - Contents Banner

THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS
Vol. 15 - November, 1950 - No. 4

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101
Representatives —
In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.
In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland
In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., Chronicle House, Fleet St., London, W.1.
Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.
Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; POST FREE
Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Printed by The Clyde Press, 608 High St., Thornbury, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Box 13, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.35)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS
A Fine Radiogram . . . . 5
Farmer's 4-watt Amplifier . . . . 9
Valve Checker . . . . 15
Theory — Tone Control Circuits . . . . 19
Capacity Measurement . . . . 25
The Answer . . . . 27
Amateur Activities . . . . 28
Short-Wave Review . . . . 31
Speedy Query Service . . . . 34

## P.03 - Editorial

PERSONAL . . .
Here is the important announcement which I have been leading up to for some issues past. As and from 1st December, "The Australasian Radio World" will be taken over and published by a new Company. As I mentioned in a recent editorial, the publishing of Radio World has been a bit too much of a job for a one-man business, and I have long felt that I was not doing full justice to the wide circle of keen enthusiasts who have supported me. The new Company will have it’s headquarters in Sydney, with Mr. Lay. W. Cranch, A.M.I.R.E., M.W.I.A., as Managing Editor, well known as one of Australia's leading Radio Engineers. With their greater facilities, including overseas tie-ups, the new Company will enable the production of bigger and brighter issues with a much wider appeal. It is planned that the whole production will be more of a team job than it has been in the past, plus closer contact with the radio trade in the various capitals, so that every new development will be covered in detail as soon as it reaches the market. The old features, will, to a large extent be retained, and many new ones added, including television, which will be given greater attention, especially the practical side, thus paving the way for the time when a thorough knowledge of this subject will be highly desirable. Please note the change of address — Room 302, 17 Bond St., Sydney. This is not exactly a farewell, as I hope to continue, one way or another, a close association with the new Company. — A. G. HULL
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1950 06
## P.01 - Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.
1/6
Vol. 14 - No. 11; June 15, 1950

## P.03 - Contents Banner

THE AUSTRALASIAN RADIO WORLD
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
ALL-WAVE ALL-WORLD DX NEWS
VOL. 14 - June, 1950 - No. 11.

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Published by the Proprietor — A. G. HULL, Box 13, Mornington, Vic. Phone: Mt. Martha 264.
Short-wave Editor — L. J. KEAST, 7 Fitzgerald Rd., Ermington, N.S.W. Phone: WL1101
Representatives —
In Queensland: John Bristoe, Box 82, Maryborough, Q.
In New Zealand: H. Barnes & Co., 4 Boulcott Terrace, Wellington & S.O.S. Radio Ltd., 283 Queen St., Auckland
In England: Anglo Overseas Press Ltd., Ulster Chambers, Regent St., London, W.1.
Distributed throughout the World by Gordon & Gotch (A/asia) Ltd.
Subscription Rates: 12 issues - 16/-; 24 issues - 30/-; To N.Z. and Overseas - 12 issues, 18/-; Post free
Address for all correspondence - Australasian Radio World, Box 13, Mornington, Vic.
Printed by The Clyde Press, 608 High St., Thornbury, for the Proprietor of the Australasian Radio World, A. G. Hull, Box 13, Mornington, Victoria (Footnote P.36)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS
Reliable Tuning Unit . . . . 5
The Parry Cathamplifier . . . . 7
Resistor Troubles . . . . 13
Testing Small Motors . . . . 15
A Sectional Analysis . . . . 19
Our Technical Directory . . . . 26
Among Our Readers . . . . 28
Short-Wave Review . . . . 31
Speedy Query Service . . . . 34

## P.03 - Editorial

EDITORIAL
I read in the "Newspaper News" that broadcasting station 2UE decided to increase their advertising rates (their first rise since 1940) as from April 1st. They advertised this fact, then found that it was impossible to get a printer to print the new rate cards, so they had to postpone the increase until May 3rd. That is not a joke. It is a fair summary of the printing game as I have found it for some time past. To get any printing done at all seems to call for more than mere love or money. To get a printer to tie himself up to a regular monthly periodical seems to be tougher than winning the lottery. All of which is the start of the alibi for the late arrival of this issue. After much battling, quite by accident, I came across a printer fellow who was civil to me. It took some time to recover from the shock, but now he is on the job, and it looks as though it will be possible to have a June issue out on time, if we skip the April and May issues! A sad state of affairs, but the prospects are much brighter. For years past the printing job and its economics have been like the sticky stuff on the fly-paper, holding back any possibility of turning out the sort of periodical I know you would appreciate; so let’s all join in wishing the new printer lots of luck. Yours faithfully, A. G. HULL.
# Indonesian Reader
## Perkenalan (Introduction)

This book is rather different. The system used here focuses on vocabulary, and exposes how words are used and sentences are formed through direct examples. In each lesson, you'll be introduced to only 10 new words. Additional word forms (using various affixes) and phrases are also introduced. The sentences, dialogs, and readings show how these words are used in context. After studying the 10 new words, you should be able to understand all the sentences, dialogs, and readings. Sentence structures will range from simple to complex.

## Pelajaran (Lessons)
### Unit 1

* Lesson 1
* Lesson 2
* Lesson 3
* Lesson 4
* Lesson 5
* Lesson 6
* Lesson 7
* Lesson 8
* Lesson 9
* Lesson 10
* Lesson 11
* Lesson 12
* Lesson 13
* Lesson 14
* Lesson 15

## Lihat juga (See also)

* Indonesian - another Wikibook for learning Indonesian.
# Indonesian Reader/Unit 1/Lesson 3
## Vocabulary

* baik: good; well
* di: on; at; in
* jumpa: to meet (with)
* kabar: news
* kasih: affection; love
* malam: night
* nanti: afterwards; later
* saja: only; merely
* sampai: to arrive; up to; till
* terima: acceptance
* berjumpa: to meet (with)
* bermalam: to stay (to pass) the night
* menerima (me- + terima): to accept; to receive
* menerimanya: to accept it; to receive it
* menjumpai (me- + jumpa + -i): to meet with
* apa kabar: how are you
* baik-baik saja: fine
* nanti malam: tonight
* malam nanti: tonight
* sampai jumpa: good bye
* sampai nanti: good bye; see you later
* selamat malam: good night
* terima kasih: thank you

## Sentences

* Anda bermalam di mana?
* Anda dari mana saja?
* Nanti malam saya bermalam di London.
* Apakah Anda menerima kabar dari saya?
* Halo, apa kabar? Saya baik-baik saja di New York.
* Terima kasih. Sampai berjumpa nanti malam.
* Dari pagi sampai malam saya berjumpa orang-orang.
* Ada kabar baik apa?

## Translation

* Where are you staying the night?
* Where do you (come) from?
* Tonight I('ll) stay in London.
* Have you received news from me?
* Hello, how are you? I am fine in New York.
* Thank you. See you tonight.
* From morning until night I meet with people.
* Is there some good news?

## Dialogues

A: Halo, apa kabar? B: Baik-baik saja. Terima kasih. A: Apa Anda menerima kabar dari saya? B: Ya, saya menerimanya. A: Di mana Anda bermalam? B: Saya tidak bermalam di Indonesia. A: Nanti malam Anda di mana? B: Saya di London nanti malam. Sampai jumpa. A: Sampai jumpa.
A: Halo, selamat malam. B: Selamat malam. Maaf, apakah Anda orang Indonesia? A: Ya, saya orang Indonesia. Saya bisa berbicara bahasa Indonesia. B: Maaf, di Inggris sedikit orang bisa berbicara bahasa Indonesia. Apa Anda bisa bahasa Inggris? A: Bisa. Apa Anda bisa? B: Ya, saya bisa sedikit.

## Readings

Halo, apa kabar? Saya di London baik-baik saja. Saya menerima kabar dari Anda. Saya mengerti Anda tidak bisa bahasa Inggris. Saya mengerti sedikit bahasa Indonesia. Saya bermalam di London sampai 1 April. Sampai jumpa April nanti di Indonesia. Terima kasih.
Halo, selamat sore. Apakah Anda malam nanti menjumpai Budi? Budi tidak bisa berbahasa Inggris. Apakah Anda bisa sedikit bahasa Indonesia?
April nanti = next April
# Indonesian Reader/Unit 1/Lesson 7
## Vocabulary

* air
* apel
* buah
* ini
* itu
* jeruk
* jus
* kopi
* putih
* siang
* makan pagi
* makan siang
* makan malam
* malam ini

## Sentences

* Air ini kotor
* Minum kopi di siang hari

## Translation

* This water is dirty
* Drink coffee in midday
# Indonesian Reader/Unit 1/Lesson 5
## Vocabulary

* bapak
* dan
* dengan
* ibu
* ke
* kenal
* pergi
* salam
* senang
* tempat
* bersalaman (ber- + salam + -an)
* bersenang-senang (ber- + senang-senang)
* bu
* kenalan (kenal + -an)
* mengenal (me- + kenal)
* pak
* perkenalkan (per- + kenal + -kan)
* tempat-tempat

## Sentences

* Bapak dan ibu nanti malam pergi ke Amerika.
* Ibu bersalaman dengan bapak.
* Saya senang menerima kabar dari Anda.
* Ibu saya bukan orang Amerika.
* Bapak saya belum kenal dengan Anda.
* Apakah Pak Budi sudah menjumpai Anda di Amerika?
* Apakah Anda sudah mengenal Pak Budi?
* Saya dan ibu saya akan pergi ke tempat Anda.
* Senang berkenalan dengan Anda.

## Dialogues

Ibu: "Pak, ibu nanti malam pergi ke Amerika." Bapak: "Ya." Ibu: "Apa bapak senang ibu pergi?" Bapak: "Ya, Bapak senang pergi dengan ibu." Ibu: "Ibu tidak pergi dengan bapak. Ibu pergi dengan seorang kenalan ibu." Bapak: "Apa bapak kenal dengan kenalan ibu?" Ibu: "Ya, bapak sudah kenal." Bapak: "Bapak tidak mengerti, apa ibu tidak senang pergi dengan bapak?" Ibu: "Malam nanti bapak pergi dengan kenalan bapak saja. Ibu akan bersenang-senang di Amerika." Bapak: "..."

## Readings

Saya berasal dari Jakarta. Ibu saya orang Jakarta dan bapak saya orang Bali. Saya nanti malam akan pergi dengan ibu dan bapak ke Amerika. Saya belum mahir berbicara bahasa Inggris. Bapak sudah mahir, ibu belum. Di Amerika, tidak banyak orang bisa berbicara bahasa Indonesia. Saya nanti di Amerika akan berbicara bahasa Inggris saja. Saya senang bisa pergi dengan bapak dan ibu. Saya bisa mengenal tempat-tempat di Amerika. Saya dengan ibu dan bapak akan bersenang-senang.
# Indonesian Reader/Unit 1/Lesson 2
## Vocabulary

* dari: from
* halo: hello
* mana: where; which; what
* mengerti: to understand
* orang: man; person
* pagi: morning
* sedikit: a little; a few
* selamat: congratulations; safe
* sore: afternoon
* tahu: to know; to understand
* manakah = mana
* tahukah = apakah tahu
* dari mana: from where
* di mana: where, at where
* orang Indonesia: Indonesian (people)
* orang-orang: people
* selamat pagi: good morning
* selamat sore: good afternoon

## Sentences

* Apa anda orang Indonesia?
* Apakah anda mengerti bahasa Inggris?
* Apakah anda tahu saya orang Indonesia?
* Saya mengerti sedikit bahasa Inggris.
* Dari manakah anda?
* Sedikit orang tahu saya dari Inggris.
* Saya tahu anda mengerti bahasa Indonesia.

## Translation

* Are you Indonesian?
* Do you understand English?
* Do you know (that) I am Indonesian?
* I understand a little English.
* Where do you (come) from?
* Some people know (that) I am from England.
* I know (that) you understand Indonesian.

## Dialogues

A: Selamat pagi. B: Selamat pagi. Apa anda orang Indonesia? A: Ya, saya orang Indonesia. Apa anda bisa bahasa Indonesia? B: Ya, sedikit. Apa anda bisa bahasa Inggris? A: Maaf, saya tidak bisa.
A: Halo, selamat pagi. B: Selamat pagi. Anda dari mana? A: Saya dari New York. Apa anda tahu New York? B: Ya, saya tahu.
A: Selamat sore. B: Selamat sore. Apa anda bisa bahasa Inggris? A: Sedikit. Apa anda dari Inggris? B: Ya, saya dari Inggris. Dari mana anda bisa tahu?
Dari mana anda bisa tahu? = How did you know (that)?

## Readings

Halo, selamat pagi. Saya Budi. Saya orang Indonesia. Saya bisa berbahasa Indonesia. Saya mengerti sedikit bahasa Inggris. Tahukah Anda, sedikit orang Inggris mengerti bahasa Indonesia.
Selamat sore, Anda dari mana? Maafkan saya. Saya tidak tahu Anda orang Inggris. Apakah Anda tahu bahasa Indonesia? Apakah Anda bisa mengerti saya?