OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Loglan/The Power of Little Words/Time and Space
## Time and Space

A simple sentience in Loglan only defines a relationship between the arguments but says nothing about where on when the relationship holds true. Unlike some natural languages, you can chose to add time and space to a sentence in Loglan or chose to leave it out.
The Loglan sentence, mi viska tu means I see you or I was seen by you or I will see you. English forces us to add in the time; was it past, present or future? But in Loglan mi viska tu can hold true if I see you now or I have seen you or even if I will see you at some point in the future. Loglan does not force you to refer to time or space.
Loglan treats time and space the same. That means you place a relationship in time the same way that you place it in space; you add one of three words for time and one of three words for space. Whatever you can do with time words you can do with space words.
For time we have the following three words:
* pa
* na
* fa
For space we have the following three words:
* vi
* va
* vu

### pa, na, and fa

If we want to add time into a sentence Loglan provides us with three little words to do that; pa, na and fa. You can add theses little words anywhere in the sentence.
The little word pa refers to the past and means before.
* mi vizka tu pa - I saw you
* mi pa vizka tu - I saw you
* pa mi vizka tu - I saw you
The little word na refers to now and means at the instance of.
* mi na vizka tu - I see you now
The last of the three, fa, refers to the future and means after.
* mi vizka tu fa - I will see you

### vi, va and vu

The little words vi, va and vu indicate place and work like the words for time; they go anywhere in the sentence.
The little word vi means here or close to this place
* mi viska tu vi - I see you here
* mi vi viska tu - I see you here
* vi mi viska tu - I see you here
The little word va means over there or nearby.
* mi vizka tu va - I saw you nearby
The last little, vu word refers to a place far away; over there or yonder.
* mi vizka tu vu - I saw you far away over there

### zi, za, and zu

You can add more details to the time and space words using the zi, za, and zu little words.
* zi - near or very short duration
* za - soon or a short duration
* zu - long time or long duration
so,
* fazi - very short time in the future
* vuzu - a very long distance away
* naza - in a little while
The context determines how long is long and how short is short. The existence of humans on Earth is a short time in geological ages but and hour might mean a long time to wait for a bus.

### Other Places and Other Times

The use of vi, va, vu and pa, na, fa defines time and place relative to the speaker. We can use the little word la to define a place or time relative to something else if we combine it with the place and time words.
* mi vizka tu lena kinkra - I saw you at the time of the convention
* mi lena kinkra gu vizka tu - I, at the time of the convention, saw you
* mi vizka tu lefa kinkra - I will see you at the time of the convention
* mi vizka tu levi kinkra - I saw you at the place of the convention
* mi vizka tu leva kinkra - I saw you near the place of the convention
# Loglan/Using Loglan
## Greetings

* Hello - loi
* Good bye - loa
* How are you? - tu he
* How do you feel? - ei tu djela
* What is your name? - hu namci tu
* My name is <name> - la <name> namci lemi

## Time

* What is the time? - hu jolkeo
* The time is <time> - le <time> jolkeo
* When? What interval of time? - nia hu
* When? At what point in time? - na hu

## Questions

* What did you say? Who? Which? - ie
* Why? What for? - moi hu
* What is it? - he
* How? By what means? Using what? - tie hu
* What is this? - ti ie
* What is that? - ta ie
* Is it true that ...? ei, ...
* Whatever - rabu, rabe, rabo, raba
* How did that happen? What caused that to happen? - kou hu
* How many? - ho
* How's it going? - tu ie nu vetci
* Why? For who? - dii hu
* Why? For what motivation? - moi hu
* Why? For what reason - rau hu?
* Why? To please whom? - lui hu
* Why? According to what premise? - soa hu
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/cammenà

cammenà : to walk
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/canóscere

Alsoː canoscr, conoscere, conoscr
Englishː To know
Italianː conoscere
IPAː /cə'noʃər(ə)/cə'noʃəl(ə)
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/dormì

English- To Sleep
Italiano- Dormire
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/cantà

cantà- to sing (From the Italian cantare)
je/j' cànto
tu cànte
isso/essa cànta
nuje cantàmmo/àmm'
vuje cantàte
isse/lloro cantàno
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/chiagnere

chiagnere (also: chiàgnere)
English - to cry
Italiano - piangere
[Participio: chiagnùto | Gerunnio: chiagnènno]
1. Nnicativo
    a. presente
       io chiagno tu chiagne isso/essa chiagne nuje chiagnìmmo vuje chiagnìte isse/lloro chiàgneno
    b. mperfètto
       io chiagnévo tu chiagnìve isso/essa chiagnèva nuje chiagnévemo vuje chiagnìveve isse/lloro chiagnéveno
    c. 'o passato assaje
       io chiagnètto tu chiagnìste isso/essa chiagnètte nuje chiagnèttemo vuje chiagnìsteve isse/lloro chiagnètteno
    d. futuro semprice
       io chiagnarràggio tu chiagnarràje isso/essa chiagnarrà nuje chiagnarràmmo vuje chiagnarràte isse/lloro chiagnarrànno
3. Cunnizziunale
    a. mperfètto
       io chiagnésse tu chiagnìsse isso/essa chiagnésse nuje chiagnéssemo vuje chiagnìsseve isse/lloro chiagnésseno
4. Congiuntivo
    a. presente
       io chiagnarrìa tu chiagnarrìsse isso/essa chiagnarrìa nuje chiagnarrìamo vuje chiagnarrìsseve isse/lloro chiagnarrìano
5. Mperativo
       tu chiagne! nuje chiagnìmmo! vuje chiagnìte!
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/correre
## correre

* English: to run
* Italian: correre
To form the compound tenses add the auxiliary verb (essere) + past participle (curzo).

### Mperativo

    curre
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/ascì
## ascì

* (intransitive) to exit, go out; also figuratively, ascì pazzo- to go out of one's mind
1. Innecativo
    a. presente
       io esco tu iesce or jesce isso/essa esce nuje ascimmo vuje ascite isse/lloro esceno
Participio passato
       asciuto
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/avé
## avé

* English: to have
* Italian: avere
To form the compound tenses add the auxiliary verb (avé) + past participle (avuto).
1. Indicativo
    a. presente
       io aggio tu (h)aje, hê isso/essa ha, ave nuje avímmo vuje avíte isse/lloro hanno, àveno
    b. mperfetto
       io avévo tu avive isso/essa avéva nuje avévamo vuje aviveve isse/lloro avévano
    c. passato remoto
       io avétte tu aviste isso/essa avétte nuje avéttemo vuje avisteve isse/lloro avéttero, avétteno
    d. futuro sémprece
       io avarràggio tu avarràje isso/essa avarrà nuje avarràmmo vuje avarràte isse/lloro avarrànno
2. Cungentivo
    a. mperfetto
       io avésse tu avisse isso/essa avésse nuje avéssemo vuje avìsseve isse/lloro avésseno, avéssero
3. Cundiziónale
    a. presente
       io avarrìa tu avarrìsse isso/essa avarrìa nuje avarrìamo vuje avarrìsseve isse/lloro avarrìano
4. 'Mperativo
    a. presente
       tu agge vuje avite, aggiate
5. Participio passato
       avuto
6. Gerunnio
       avénno

## Usage

Avé is not completely interchangeable with the Italian verb avere, for most uses (though not auxiliary ones), tené is used.
# Neapolitan/501 Neapolitan verbs/chiammà

English- To call
Italiano- Chiamare
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Michael Corner
## Overview

Michael Corner is a Ravenclaw student in the same year as Harry.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

Michael Corner attends the first meeting of Dumbledore's Army (although that name hasn't yet been chosen) at the Hog's Head in Hogsmeade. After the meeting breaks up, Hermione tells Harry and Ron that Michael had been there because Ginny Weasley had attended. Ginny and Michael, she says, are currently going out together. This causes Ron to state that he doesn't trust Michael. Carefully, because she was aware that Harry and Ginny had been speculatively linked, Hermione goes on to say that Ginny had been waiting for Harry but had given up, and had met Michael at the Yule Ball in the previous year. They had started going out shortly after that.
As Harry is unable to play as Seeker on the Gryffindor Quidditch team, Ginny takes his place. The final match of the year pits Gryffindor against Ravenclaw; and when Ginny catches the Snitch out from under Cho Chang's nose, Michael sulks instead of congratulating his girlfriend. Ginny then "ditched him, and he went off to comfort Cho Chang instead." On the Hogwarts Express, when Ginny tells this to Ron and Harry, Ron hints that she might now be able to find someone better, implying that Harry would be that someone; Ginny says that she's going out now with Dean Thomas.

### Half-Blood Prince

Michael Corner asks a question of Professor Slughorn during his and Harry's first potion class.

### Deathly Hallows

As he leads Harry, Ron, and Hermione into the school from the Hog's Head, Neville mentions that Michael Corner had gotten caught releasing a first-year student that the Carrows had chained up as punishment. Michael had gotten very badly beaten for that, which had slowed down the activities of the revived Dumbledore's Army; Neville, the one remaining leader, felt that they could not ask anyone else to go through what Michael had suffered.
When Harry returns to the school, Michael Corner is one of the students in the Room of Requirement waiting for his return. He does have a role in the ensuing battle, but we don't see much of him.

## Relationships with Other Characters

It is perhaps interesting that Michael and Harry have shared romantic interest in the same girls; Michael dated Ginny before Harry did, and dated Cho after Harry had done so.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Montague
## Overview

Montague is a Slytherin, probably one or two years older than Harry Potter.

## Role in the Books
### Prisoner of Azkaban

Montague is mentioned as being on the Slytherin Quidditch team, where he plays in the final against Gryffindor. He and team Captain Marcus Flint, between them, rack up a very impressive number of fouls. During the match, he scores Slytherin's second and last goal.

### Order of the Phoenix

It is mentioned that Montague is the new captain of the Slytherin Quidditch team, presumably replacing Marcus Flint. The commentary on the game lets us know that he is playing as one of the three Chasers again.
Dolores Umbridge appoints Montague to be on her Inquisitorial Squad. He attempts to dock House points from Fred and George Weasley, and they shove him into an old, broken Vanishing Cabinet. Some short time later, he reappears, apparently partly embedded in one of the toilets. He never seems to fully recover from this misadventure, and while his parents do visit at one point, he is still in the Hospital Wing at the school as OWL exams finish up in mid-June — when Harry goes to the Hospital Wing to speak with Professor McGonagall after his vision in the History of Magic exam, Madam Pomfrey is spooning blue potion into Montague's mouth.

### Half-Blood Prince

Draco Malfoy reveals that when he was trapped in the Vanishing Cabinets, Montague had found himself sometimes hearing things happening inside the school, sometimes hearing things happening inside Borgin and Burkes. Realizing that the two cabinets were linked, Draco had repaired the Cabinet at Hogwarts, and had used that to allow Death Eaters to enter Hogwarts.

## Strengths

It is mentioned that Montague is physically quite strong, and evidently he is a competent flyer.

## Weaknesses

It is strongly suggested by the author that after his shattering sojourn in the Vanishing Cabinets, and the bad landing from his Apparating out of that situation, that his mental abilities are impaired, as is his physical strength.

## Analysis

We are never actually told about Montague's strength, either mental or physical, after the events in the Vanishing Cabinet. We are, however, given some very strong hints.
On the mental acuity side, when we see him mid-June, Madam Pomfrey is spooning some blue potion into his mouth. The implication inherent in the word "spooning" is that Montague is not capable of steering the spoon himself. On the physical side, it is certain that Montague remained in the Hospital Wing from when the accident occurred, about April, to at least mid-June. Even for wizards as young and healthy as Montague, that much confinement must cause some muscle mass loss. One certainly gets a picture of a near-invalid, confined to the Hospital Wing for two months, and still unable to feed himself.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Mary Macdonald
## Overview

Mary Macdonald is a former Hogwarts student and friend of Lily Potter

## Role in the Books
### Deathly Hallows

Mary is mentioned only in passing, in the memories Severus Snape passes to Harry in the Shrieking Shack. Lily, talking to Severus, mentions something Dark that Severus' friend Mulciber had done to Mary. Later, when Severus is waiting outside the entrance to Gryffindor Tower, Lily says that it was Mary who had told her that he was waiting there for her.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Millicent Bullstrode
## Overview

Millicent Bullstrode (or Bulstrode) is a Slytherin student in Harry's year. "She was large and square and her heavy jaw jutted aggressively."

## Role in the Books
### Philosopher's Stone

The Sorting Hat places Millicent Bulstrode into Slytherin House, the first new one for the school year.

### Chamber of Secrets

Millicent Bullstrode, identified by last name only ("Miss Bullstrode"), is partnered with Hermione Granger in the Dueling Club. While we don't see exactly what happens in their duel, the end result is that Millicent has Hermione in a headlock, which Harry ends up breaking. Hermione later tries to use a hair that Millicent left on her in a Polyjuice potion to turn into Millicent and sneak into the Slytherin common room; unfortunately this fails as the hair is not in fact one of Millicent's own.

### Order of the Phoenix

Millicent is one of the Slytherin students who are appointed to the Inquisitorial Squad by Professor Umbridge.
Millicent pins Hermione to the wall of Umbridge's office after Harry and the others are captured while trying to contact Sirius Black. We are led to believe that it was Millicent who captured Hermione, although we can't be sure because this action happens off stage.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Miriam Strout
## Overview

Miriam Strout is a motherly-looking Healer who works in a long-term resident's ward for spell damage (the James Thickey ward) at St. Mungo's.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

We first meet Miriam Strout when Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Ginny happen to run into Gilderoy Lockhart at St. Mungo's. He has temporarily escaped the locked ward where he usually lives, and although she is not named in this section, Miriam Strout is the one who rounds Gilderoy back up and takes him back to his ward. Her cheerful assumption that the four friends are there to visit with Lockhart results in the four of them spending some time visiting. In the course of this visit, they see Miriam distributing gifts; Broderick Bode receives a potted plant, among other items. This also leads to Hermione, Ron, and Ginny becoming aware of the plight of Neville Longbottom's parents, who are there on the ward as well.
A short news article in the Daily Prophet tells how Broderick Bode was killed by a potted plant. He had been encouraged to tend it himself, and it had turned out to be Devil's Snare. The healer in charge of the ward, Miriam Strout, could not explain how it had gotten past Hospital security, and was on paid leave until the investigation was complete.

## Analysis

We can see that much healing in the Wizarding world is done by means of plants and plant extracts; note the reliance on the healing powers of Dittany in the sixth and seventh books, along with the description of the uses of Bubotubers and Mandrake root. As such, it is a safe assumption that Miriam Strout, as a trained Healer, should have been able to recognize the potted plant as Devil's Snare. Why she doesn't recognize it is never completely explained.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.

## Greater Picture

We will later find out that Bode had received his spell damage several months earlier, while under the Imperius charm, carrying out the orders of Lucius Malfoy. By the time we see him, his condition has already improved, to the point that the Death Eaters must be beginning to be worried that he might sufficiently regain his faculties to explain what he was doing in the Hall of Prophecies and why. Thus, by this time it was becoming necessary to end Bode's life. It is possible that Miriam Strout had been placed under the Imperius Curse, or perhaps had simply been Confunded, to ensure that the plant reached its victim and remained there; it is not likely that Death Eaters would leave something that important to chance.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Miles Bletchley
## Overview

Miles Bletchley is an older student in Slytherin House; he is the keeper for the Slytherin Quidditch team.

## Role in the Books
### Philosopher's Stone

Miles Bletchley is mentioned as being the Keeper of the Slytherin house team in the game against Gryffindor.

### Prisoner of Azkaban

In the Quidditch Final, Slytherin against Gryffindor, it is mentioned that Marcus Flint, team captain, has juggled the lineup in favour of brawn versus skill. The keeper in that match is never named, so we may assume that it is probably not Bletchley, who is named in earlier and later matches where he is Keeper.

### Order of the Phoenix

Alicia Spinnet goes to the Hospital Wing with her eyebrows growing so thick and fast that they obscure her vision and obstruct her mouth. Despite fourteen eye-witnesses who saw Miles Bletchley, here identified as the Slytherin keeper, jinx Alicia from behind as she worked in the library, Professor Snape insists that she must have tried a hair-thickening charm on herself.
In the only game that Harry plays, against Slytherin, Bletchley is mentioned as being Keeper.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Nimrod Programming/Loops
## Loopings

So, next thing we are going to see are loops. What are loops? You might ask. Well, it's simple, it's a repetition of instructions, repeated as long as a certain condition is met or inside a set of values, that sounded way too complicated ... put simply it will start to repeat a series of instructions (e.g:variables creation and assignation, ifs, function, more loops ...) indicated by you (the programmer), when it will stop it's a matter of which type of loop we use.
In Nim there are two types of loops, we call them for and while:

### While

We'll start with the easier one. As you may guess, while will be repeating until a certain condition is met. Let's see how it will look. <syntaxhihglight lang="nimrod"> var languageName = "Nim" while languageName == "Nim":
</syntaxhihglight> Now, you should try to guess what this will do, don't worry take your time, I'll be waiting here.
Done? You might have ended up reading again without really knowing what this does , then, don't worry it might be difficult, however, if you got it CONGRATULATIONS!!!!! Now, what this does is to repeat forever "Hey! I'm using Nim!", why? Because we set language languageName (remember with var we create a variable and with one equal sign '=' we set a value to it ) and then, we check it's equal to "Nim" (as mentioned in the if part, == it's for checking whether both sides are equal ) and execute echo "Hey! I'm using Nim!" forever given that there's no single line that changes it. Now, if for any reason we went and changed var languageName = "Nim" to anything else , like var languageName = "My name's Ralph", the code inside the while wouldn't execute, not even once, because languageName == "Nim" will be false and the CPU will skip that part.

### For

We already know while, now we are going to meet for. In a nutshell, what it means is "for every element in this set, follow these instructions", as easy as that. But what kind of good book, we would be if we didn't show an example? <syntaxhihglight lang="nimrod"> for a in 0..10: for a in 0..10:echo "this is ", a, " step"
</synyaxhighlight> We'll play the guess game again, you know the rules right? Now, let's get started.
Done? Nice, what this does is that it will print "Hey!I'm the number 0" and will print the same for every number in the 0 to 10 sequence, how is this possible? Thanks to & what it does is to take two string and join them together, in other words, it concatenates them (note: you may remove the & and it still would work, due to the fact echo will print every argument, and if the & is removed and the space is kept it will detect those as separate arguments).
Well, we are finished with loops, if understood everything, nice if not ,try to read it once again , those are basic concepts and should not be very difficult to understand.
# Nimrod Programming/Blocks
## So many blocks it seems like Minecraft

Now we will introduce a feature so fundamental there's few major languages without this it. This feature is the block. Before we know what this does let's try to understand the problem it solves. If you look at past examples you will see we have been only giving one command for if/elif/else, so we solve it by using blocks. Blocks aren't entirely new to us as we have seen them in the last chapter:
As you may see nimrod's blocks are fairly easy as they are a new line and then add an indentation ( space preceding the code) of two spaces, tabs ( that keyboard key with two arrows ) can't be used and they will be traten as an error.
Blocks have one particularity, anything declared outside them will be available inside them , however, anything declared inside them it's not available outside! Check this code:
Now, if you try to execute that what you will get from the compiler is an error because it can't access secondVariable because it is inside the block.
Finally, blocks can be nested ( put one inside another ) for doing so you will only need to sum the indentation to the existing one. If you want to close a block just reduce in two spaces the indentation.
Finally if we want to create our own blocks we can do this way:
As you can see you make a block and put a label in this case we named it myBlock, though the label is completely optional.
# Nimrod Programming/Installing Nimrod

As nim is a compiled language , we of course need the compiler on the system that we are on , so lets install it .now the installation procedure depends on your system.
https://nim-lang.org/install.html
and if you want to compile from source then after downloading the source tarball
sh build.sh
bin/nim c koch
./koch boot -d:release
./koch tools
# Nimrod Programming/Chapter 2
## Starting

Hey! You made it! Congratulations!
We now have a basic understanding what a programming language may do for you. Now we are going to broaden that knowledge, so that you know everything which is basic for programming.