OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Odyssey/2002/Change engine oil and filter
## Indications

* Owners manual indicates every 6000 km or 12000 km depending upon service conditions.

## Method 1 - Using Ramps

* Drive the vehicle on to a set of ramps. One of the risks with this method is overshooting the ramps. This happened to me once: the ramps, at 8 inches height skidded under the running boards but did no damage.
* Engage the parking brake. Place blocks behind the rear wheels.
* Place jack stands in a suitable location under the ramped vehicle. This minimizes another risk with ramps, that they can collapse. Possible locations for jack stands are the jack seam.
* Place drain pan under the vehicle and remove the drain plug with a 14 mm socket.
* Place the drain pan so that it collects the oil draining from the pan as well as covering the area under the filter.
* Remove the filter. Removing the filter on this vehicle will make quite a mess of the plastic shrouds in the passenger side fender. You can clean it with rags or try to avoid some of the mess by placing old plastic bags over the filter when removing. Good luck!
* Check that the filter gasket has been removed before installing a new filter. Lubricate the new filter before installation
* Install the drain pan plug. Honda will provide a new washer for the drain plug.
* Remove the filler plug. Add the recommended amount of oil. This is 4.3 litres of 5W-20. Secure the filler plug. Check the oil level with the dipstick. It should be close to right.
* Start the vehicle, remove it from the ramps, and place it on a level surface.
* Check the oil level and add as required.
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Accord/Oil Change

Performing an oil change on your own automobile can be a fun, albeit sometimes messy, and cost effective way to ensure long term reliability. Changing any given vehicles oil is a very basic procedure and, when done carefully, even the novice mechanic can complete the job in under 30-45 minutes. The first step to performing an oil change for the Honda Accord lies in the preparation. Ensure you have a quality floor jack with a weight rating of acceptable strength to lift the front of the vehicle. Once the vehicle is lifted jack-stands will also be needed to support the car. Some other tools needed to complete the task include an oil filter wrench, a catch bin to recover the drained oil, and a set of metric sockets with a ratchet, or metric wrenches.
Of course you will also need to purchase new oil and a new oil filter as well. Most four cylinder automobile engines will call for around four quarts but always be sure to check the Honda specifications for the precise amount required. As stated before a new filter is needed as well and should at least meet if not exceed OEM quality for its contaminant trapping ability. This simply refers to the filters ability to trap particles which if left to circulate the oiling system, could damage critical engine components.
Once you have all the tools and parts needed to complete the procedure it's time to get to work. Begin by finding a solid level surface where the job can be performed. Once the car is in position turn off the engine and engage the emergency brake. Next, slide the floor-jack under the front of the vehicle being careful not to scrape the front valance as it tends to hang low on accords, this is particularly true for body styles from 1994 and later. The floor-jack must be squarely situated on the frame or cross-member to support the weight of the vehicle when it is lifted.
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Civic
## Maintenance Job How-Tos

* Oil Change
* Radiator Flush and Fill
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Odyssey/1998

* Drive the vehicle on to a set of ramps.
* Engage the parking brake. Place blocks behind the rear wheels.
* Place jack stands in a suitable location under the ramped vehicle. This minimizes another risk with ramps, that they can collapse. Possible locations for jack stands are the jack seam.
* Place drain pan under the vehicle and remove the drain plug with a 17 mm socket.
* Place the draining pan so that it collects the oil draining from the pan as well as covering the area under the filter.
* Remove the filter. Located at the back of the engine about a 30cm above the exhaust pipe.
* Lubricate the new filter before installation
* Install the drain plug.
* Remove the filler plug. Add the recommended amount of oil. This is 4.3 litres of 5W-20. Secure the filler plug. Check the oil level with the dipstick. It should be close to right.
* Start the vehicle, remove it from the ramps, and place it on a level surface.
* Check the oil level and add as required.
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Odyssey/2002/Repair/Replace Front Rotors
## Indications

* One indicator for repair or replacement of the rotors on this vehicle may be wobble or vibration that is felt in the steering wheel or the vehicle when the brakes are being used. A warpage in the rotors will cause the vibration.
Method 1 - Using Jack Stands
* Place the vehicle on a level surface and engage the parking brake.
* Loosen the lug nuts on the front wheels.
* Place a floor jack with a piece of wood under the seam (below the running boards). The seam on this vehicle is shrouded with the plastic running board cover. However, by using a block of wood, the vehicle can be lifted without any damage to the plastic.
* Lift one wheel of the vehicle until it is off the ground. Place a jack stand at the reinforced jack stand point adjacent to this wheel. Repeat for all wheels.
* I choose to jack stand all 4 wheels since the front wheels will need to be removed for this repair and I didn't want any risk of the vehicle rolling.
* Place extra jack stands under the control arms just in case, but not let them bear any significant weight.
* Remove front wheels.
* Using 19 mm socket, remove the bolts that secure the front caliper.
* Slid the front caliper off the rotor and suspend it, providing strain relief to the brake hose. This can be done by wiring it to the mcpherson strut.
* The rotors on this vehicle are secured with #3 philips machine screws and they can be tight ones to remove.
* Remove rotors. It may be necessary to employ a dead blow or rubber mallet to disengage the rotors.
* Have a reputable shop machine the rotors to remove any warp. If the warp cannot be removed while still maintaining the minimum rotor thickness, the rotors will need to be replaced.
* Reinstall the rotors.
* Install the caliper and torque (spec?) the caliper bolts.
* Install the wheels.
* Remove the front jack stands and drop the front wheel with a floor jack until it bears enough weigh to allow the lug nuts to be tightened.
* Tighten lug nuts.
* Repeat on the other front wheel.
* remove jack stands from rear of vehicle.
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Civic/Radiator Flush and Fill

According to the service manual, the 1992-1995 Civic engine has a drain plug for the coolant system on the side of the block, in addition to the drain at the bottom of the radiator; it is approximately in the center of the front side of the engine, beneath the exhaust manifold. This plug is extremely tightly seated, has a very shallow head, and direct access is blocked; making it almost impossible to remove, even with an appropriately sized 6 point socket (if it is successfully removed, the head is usually severely rounded off in the process, thus it is advisable to have a new replacement on hand before the job is begun).
In practice, therefore, very few mechanics (even in dealer service areas) attempt to open this drain during a coolant replacement, relying instead on the radiator drain and flushing the old coolant out with water. In fact, many dealer service mechanics and part departments do not even know of the existence of this block drain until it is shown to them in the manual. However, since the block cannot be completely drained without removal of the plug, and since Honda coolant is sold pre-diluted and ready for use rather than in concentrated form, there remains the choice of diluting the new coolant with the water remaining in the block, or wasting some expensive coolant flushing the remnants of the water out of the block. Most mechanics who have attempted to remove the plug from the block, however, will choose one of these two alternatives in future.
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Odyssey/2002
## Repairs

* Change engine oil and filter
* Change Transmission Fluid
* Change Cabin Filter
* Repair/Replace Front Rotors
* Replace Front Brake Pads
* Lubricate sliding doors
# Automobile Repair/Honda/Odyssey

see Odyssey

## Model Years

* 1998
* 1999
* 2000
* 2001
* 2002

## Maintenance Job How-Tos

* Oil Change
* Radiator Flush and Fill
# Afrikaans/Practical

Here is a list of newspapers in South Africa and Namibia.

## Suid-Afrikaanse koerante (Afrikaans), South African newspapers

* https://www.netwerk24.com/beeld/ - Beeld
* http://www.dieburger.com/ - Die Burger
* https://www.netwerk24.com/volksblad - Volksblad
* https://www.netwerk24.com/rapport - Rapport
* http://www.dieson.co.za/ - Die son

## Namibiese koerante (Afrikaans), Namibian newspapers

* http://www.republikein.com.na/ -Republikein
# Afrikaans/Lesson 08

Afrikaans Les 8
Ontkenning
iemand - niemand
êrens - nêrens
iets- niks
ooit - nooit
al ooit - nog nooit
Oefening
By ontkenning word die dubbele "nie" gebruik.
•Iemand weet hoe om dit te doen.
Niemamd weet hoe om dit te doen nie.
•Ek kan sien dat iets verkeerd is.
Ek kan nie sien dat iets verkeerd is nie.
•Hulle weet presies wat gebeur het.
Hulle weet nie presies wat gebeur het nie.
# Afrikaans/Lesson 06

Lesson 6: Woordsoorte
1. Selfstandige naamwoorde
2. Byvoeglike naamwoorde
2.1) Trappe van vergelyking
* Oortreffend- nouste
* Vergrotend- nouer
* Stellend- nou
2.2) Letterlike en figuurlike
* Die jakkals hardloop in die veld.
* Jan is ń jakkals.
2.3.1) Attributief
Die MOOI meisie sing ń lied. -voor selfstandige naamwoord
2.3.1) Predikatief
Die meisie wat MOOI is sing ń lied. -na s.nw
2.4) Intensiewe vorm
Bloedjonk, popmooi, stokoud, moddervet, bloedrooi, ens. -Alle intensiewe vorme is een woord, behalwe wawyd wakker en wawyd oop.
3. Lidwoorde Daar is twee lidwoorde, naamlik die en ń. "DIE" is die bepaalde lidwoord en "Ń" die onbepaalde lidwoord.
* die- bepaalde- Die rooi rok.
* ń- onbepaalde- ń Rooi rok.
4. Werkwoorde (handeling) -Selfstandige of hoofwerkwoord. -Staan op sy eie, bv. Staan!
# Afrikaans/Lesson 07

Les 7: Klankleer; Spraakklanke
•Ons het 3 spraakklanke nl. vokale, konsonante en diftonge.
1. Vokale
* Word gevorm deurdat lug vrylik na buite beweeg.
* Alle vokale is stemhebbend.
* a, e, i, o, u, ie, eu, oe
* a~e~o= kort vokale
2. Konsonante
* Word gevorm deurdat dit deur een of ander spraakorgaan(Tande, tong, lippe, kleintong, neus of verhemelte) versper word.
* Nie alle konsonante is stemhebbend nie, sommige is stemloos.
Deur die neus gevorm.
* Frikatiewe;v,f,w,z,s,g,c=wrywingsklanke tussen die tande en lippe
* Eksplosiewe/ploffers; b,d,k,t,p
* Affrikaat; ts- tsetsevlieg
3. Diftonge Samesmelting van 2 vokale wat as een uitgespreek word.
* oei~ koei
* ei~ lei
* ooi~ nooit
* ui~ lui
* aai~ kraai
* ai~ baie
* eeu~ leeu
* y~ly
* oi~ noientjie
# Afrikaans/Lesson 05

granny - ouma
Grandpa- oupa
Mother - moeder
mom - ma
Brother- broer (or boetie)
Sister - suster (or sussie)
Baby - baba
Uncle - oom
Aunt - tannie
Nephew - neef
Father - vader
dad - pa
niece - niggie
cousin - niggie / neef
# Afrikaans/Phrasebook

Phrasebook :
| Afrikaans | English |
| Hand vir jou mond, sê die hoender vir die hond. | Hand for your mouth, says the rooster for the dog. |
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel/Core 1/Graphs and transformations
## Graphs

For C1 it is important to be able to draw graphs and labelling points of intersection between graphs, as well as axes intersection points i.e., where the graph crosses the x-axis and the y-axis. You must be familiar with the equation y = mx + c which is the equation for any straight line graph. For drawing a line graph, you must be able to put any linear equation into the above form and work out the gradient (m) and the y-intercept (+c) For example, the line y + x = 7, we must put it into the y = mx + c form, so we get y = -x + 7. From here we can see that the gradient is -1 and the line crosses the y axis at 7. We can substitute in anotehr x value, say 1, to get another y value (-1 + 7 = 6) so we have a gradient, -1, a y-intercept = 7, and a co-ordinate (-1,6) so now we can draw the line. To draw a quadratic graph, we must be familiar with factorizing (see relevant page) and from here we get the roots of the graph. The general shape for a quadratic is the parabola which is a U shape for a positive quadratic, and an upside-down U shape for a negative one. We can substitiue x = 0 into the equation of the quadratic to get the y-interecept.

## Transformations

There are 4 basic types of transformations y = f(x)+a - movement up by a units y = f(x-a) - movement along by a units (for f(x+a) it would be a movement along by -a units) y = af(x) - a vertical stretch of sf a y = f(ax) - a horizontal stretch of sf 1/a
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel/Core 1/Sequences and Series

* Introduction to sequences
* The nth term of a sequence
* Sequences generated by a recurrence relationship
* Arithmetic sequences
* Arithmetic Series
* The sum to n of an arithmetic series
* Using sigma notation
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel

Welcome. This is a wikibook about the Edexcel A-level course for mathematics. Whilst it is aimed at students studying the course, it may be of interest to other readers, especially those taking other mathematics courses or considering taking an A-level mathematics course.
This maths specification is now outdated and the curriculum follows a DIFFERENT structure
This book is intended a revision aid. It is recommended that you use a textbook as well as this, as this may not cover the entire course. This wikibook is NOT endorsed by Edexcel.
More information about the course can be found in Edexcel's course specification

## Course Structure

A-level courses generally last for two years. In the first year, you are most likely to take Core Mathematics 1 and 2, and one applied module. This will get you your Advanced Subsidiary (AS) qualification. In your second year, you will take Core Mathematics 3 and 4, and another applied module. This will get you your A-level qualification.
If you are doing the Further Mathematics A-level, you will probably do the above in the first year, and in the second year, you will do Further Pure Mathematics 1, either or both of Further Pure Mathematics 2 and 3, and three or four more applied modules. The AS qualification is restricted to Further Pure Mathematics 1 and one of any other unit not used in Mathematics. There is also a Further Mathematics (Additional) AS and A-level, available on top of the Further Mathematics A-level.
There is also an A-level in Pure Mathematics alone, composed of Core Mathematics 1 to 4 and Further Pure Mathematics 1, and one unit out of Further Pure Mathematics 2 and 3. Its AS contains Core Mathematics 3, unlike the Mathematics A-level which include Core Mathematics 3 as part of the A2 section. The AS and A-level in Pure Mathematics cannot be combined with any other mathematics-related qualification.
The Further Pure units and Decision units have been revised with effect from the January 2009 examinations. The former Further Pure units will only continue until January 2010, overlapping with the introduction of the new Further Pure units; the former Decision units have been replaced by the new.

## Modules

These are the modules I aim to have written for eventually. There are more, so if anyone is kind enough to help, please do.

### Core Mathematics

* Core Mathematics 1
* Core Mathematics 2
* Core Mathematics 3
* Core Mathematics 4

### Further Pure Mathematics

* Further Pure Mathematics 1 (Further Mathematics only)
* Further Pure Mathematics 2 (Further Mathematics only)
* Further Pure Mathematics 3 (Further Mathematics only)

### Mechanics

* Mechanics 1
* Mechanics 2
* Mechanics 3 (Further Mathematics only)
* Mechanics 4 (Further Mathematics only)
* Mechanics 5 (Further Mathematics only)

### Statistics

* Statistics 1
* Statistics 2
* Statistics 3 (Further Mathematics only)
* Statistics 4 (Further Mathematics only)

### Decision Mathematics

* Decision Mathematics 1
* Decision Mathematics 2
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel/Core 1/Algebra/Expressions, Terms and Simplifying Equations

The ability to simplify and manage algebraic equations is a fundamental tool you will need in order to successfully complete your studies. You will have covered many of what is going to be described below in earlier courses. However it will serve as a useful reminder tool when it comes to working on equations in later modules.
Some of you may already know this and may decide to skip sections. However it will serve as a tool for finding out where certain parts of any examples have gone if more than 1 step is combined.

## Expressions and Terms

All algebraic equations can be considered as a series of expressions. On each side of the equals '=' sign there will be an expression. For example:
$5x+2x=7$
contains the expressions $(5x+2x)$ and $(7)$
Within each expression, there will be a number of terms. A term is any variable, number, or algebraic letter. In the equation above we can say that there are three terms. These three terms are:
$5x$ $2x$ and $7$
Now what is key to all equations is simplifying what they say, that is reducing the length of the expression by collecting like terms together. We have seen that the equation above technically has three terms. Let us break down a term further.
The term $5x$ has a coefficient of $5$ and a variable of $x$
When you simplify an expression, you simply collect the like terms together. In other words, you collect the terms with the same variables together.
So taking our very first equation: $5x+2x=7$ we can see that the terms $5x$ and $+2x$ contain the same variable $x$. They can therefore be added together to obtain $7x$
So, From above we can see that like terms can only be collected together in order to simplify an expression and hence an equation. Terms which do not contain identical variables cannot be simplified. The exaples below show collecting like and unlike terms together.

### Example 1

Simplify the expression $5x^{2}+2x+3x+5+7$
The Table to the right shows the number of terms with each variable.
| Variable | Number of Terms |
| $x^{2}$ | 1 |
| $x$ | 2 |
| No Variable | 2 |
Reading this table we can see that:
* There is only 1 term in $x^{2}$ ($5x^{2})$) and so it cannot be simplified.
* There are two terms in $x$ ($+2x$ and $+3x$) so these can be added.
* There are two terms with no variable $+5$ and $+7$ and these can be added.
Therefore, after simplifying the expression we finish with $5x^{2}+5x+12$

### Example 2

Simplify the expression $3x^{2}+2x+2y-4y-3x+x^{2}-xy$
Using the rules stated above the expression can be simplified to:
$4x^{2}-x-2y-xy$

### Single Variables

In example 2 above we ended up with the term $-x$. It is important to note that when there is just a variable, with no apparent coefficient, the coefficient is in fact 1.
* $-x$ is the same as $-1x$
* $xy$ is the same as $1xy$
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel/Core 1

Core Mathematics 1 (C1), is the first A-level mathematics module, and provides a foundation for the other modules. It is also the only module in which calculators are not allowed, so it is important to ensure you understand this module. The examination consists of one 1½ hour paper of around ten questions. The main company that writes these questions are Edexcel.

## Module content

* Algebra and Functions
* Expressions, Terms and Simplifying Equations
* Fractions, Signs and Brackets
* Graphs and transformations
* Coordinate Geometry
* Sequences and Series
* Differentiation
* Integration
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel/Core 1/Coordinate Geometry

The vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD has coordinates A(-1, 5), B(7, 10), C(5, -3), D(3, -1). Show that the quadrilateral is a rectangle.
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel/Core 1/Integration
## Basics of integration

Integration is the opposite of differentiation. For a power of x, you add 1 to the power, divide by the new power and add c, the constant of integration. Note that this rule will not work when the power of x is -1, this requires more advanced methods. The constant of integration is required because if a constant (i.e. a number without x in it) is differentiated it will become zero, and from just integration there is no way to determine the value of this constant.
For example:
    $\int 2x\,\,dx$
becomes:
    $\displaystyle y=x^{2}+c$

## Integrating fractions

Fractions with an x term in the denominator cannot be integrated as they are; the x term must be brought up to the working line. This can be done easily with the laws of indices.
For example:
    $\int {\frac {2}{x^{2}}}\,\,dx=\int 2x^{-2}\,\,dx$

## Determining the value of c

You may be given a point on a curve and asked to determine the value of the constant of integration, c. This is quite simple, as the point is given as $(x,y)$; the values of x and y can be plugged in and the equation solved for c.
Worked example:
    The gradient of the curve c is given by ${\frac {dy}{dx}}=2x$.
    The point $(3,12)$ lies on c. Hence, find the equation for c.
    $y=\int 2x\,\,dx$
    $y=x^{2}+c$
    Plug in values x = 3, y = 12.
    $12=3^{2}+c$
    $12-9=c$
    $3=c$
    $y=x^{2}+3$
# A-level Mathematics/Edexcel/Core 1/Differentiation

Differentiation is the opposite to integration and you use dy/dx. To differentiate an equation, you drop the power in the front of the equation and you decrease the power by 1.
E.g. $y=3x^{2}+4x^{5}$ becomes
${\frac {dy}{dx}}=6x^{1}+20x^{4}$ or ${\frac {dy}{dx}}=6x+20x^{4}$
By substituting x values into dy/dx, you are able to find the gradient at a certain point on a graph.
${\frac {dy}{dx}}$ is known as the first deriative of an equation. ${\frac {dy}{dx}}$ is known as the second deriative. It is first deriative differentiated a second time.
Continuing from the example above,
${\frac {dy}{dx}}=6x+20x^{4}$ becomes
${\frac {d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}}=6+80x^{3}$
The deriatives can be displayed in a few different ways in questions. It can be presented as dy/dx or f'(x).
# Contents of Book

* Algebra and Functions
* The Sine and Cosine Rule
* Exponentials and logarithms
* Coordinate geometry in the (x, y) plane
* The Binomial Expansion
* Radian Measure
* Geometric Sequences and Series
* Graphs of Trigonometric functions
* Differentiation
* Trigonometric identities and simple equations
* Integration

# Notes

* The Book Comprises 198 pages including answers, index, list of symbols and formulas that they would give you in the C2 exam.
* The book was made by:
** Greg Attwood
** Alistair Macpherson
** Bronwen Moran
** Joe Petran
** Keith Pledger
** Geoff Staley
** Dave Wilkins
# Algorithm Implementation/Miscellaneous/N-Queens

The eight queens puzzle is the problem of putting eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard such that none of them is able to capture any other using the standard chess queen's moves. The queens must be placed in such a way that no two queens would be able to attack each other. Thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal. The eight queens puzzle is an example of the more general n queens puzzle of placing n queens on an n×n chessboard, where solutions exist only for n = 1 or n ≥ 4.

## C++

A fully commented backtracking implementation in C++

## C

A backtracking depth-first search (DFS) solution in C:
# Algorithm Implementation/Pseudorandom Numbers/Chi-Square Test
## VB.NET

The following is a program to calculate the chi-square value for N positive integers less than r.
# Algorithm Implementation/Search

* A*
* Binary search