OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Principles of Plant and Soil Science
## Content

On completion of this unit a learner should:
    1. Understand the function of plant structures
    2. Understand the main processes of plant physiology
    3. Understand plant growth and development
    4. Know the principles of soil science.

# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Barnes C and Poore N — Plant Science in Action (Hodder Arnold, 1994) ISBN 0340600993
Cutler D, Botha T and Stevenson D — Plant Anatomy: An Applied Approach (Blackwell Publishing, 2007) ISBN 1405126795
Davies B, Eagle D and Finney B — Soil (Resource Management Series) (Farming Press, 2002) ISBN 0852365594
Graham I — Soil (Earth’s Precious Resources Series) (Heinemann Library, 2004) ISBN 0431115540
Green N P O, Stout G W and Taylor D J — Biological Science 1 and 2, 3rd Edition (Cambridge University Press, 1997) ISBN 0521561787
Hay R K M — Chemistry for Agriculture and Ecology (Blackwell Science, 1981) ISBN 0632006994
Hill-Cottingham P and Hill-Cottingham D — Plant Science (Biology Advanced Studies Series) (Blackie Schools, 1992) ISBN 0216930316
Lockhart J A R et al — Lockhart and Wiseman’s Introduction to Crop Husbandry, 7th Edition (Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, 1993) ISBN 0080420036
Raven P, Johnson G, Singer S and Losos J — Biology, 7th Edition (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2004) ISBN 0071111832
Ridge I — Plants (Oxford University Press, 2002) ISBN 0199255482
Roberts M, Reiss M and Monger G — Biology: Principles and Processes (Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2004) ISBN 0174481764
Soffe R — The Agricultural Notebook, 20th Edition (Blackwell Science, 2003) ISBN 0632058293
Stern K — Introductory Plant Biology, 9th Edition (McGraw-Hill Education, 2002) ISBN 0071199004

## Journals

Arable Farming
Crops
Crop Science
Landwards

## Websites

AgriFor.
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
Health and Safety Executive.
Botanical Society of America Online Image Collection.
Lantra.
Rothamsted Research.
The Science and Plants for Schools Website.
The Society for Experimental Biology.
# Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Science for Environmental Technicians
## Content

On completion of this unit a learner should:
    1. Be able to investigate soil and rock formation and understand the processes influencing their formation and those associated with the Earth’s atmosphere
    2. Understand the processes involved with the water cycle and our management of water
    3. Understand the factors associated with plant and animal energy usage and natural environmental balance
    4. Understand the uses and management of raw materials.

# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Boeker E and Van Grondelle R — Environmental Science: Physical Principles and Applications (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001) ISBN 0471495778
Jones A et al — Practical Skills in Environmental Sciences (Longman, 1999) ISBN 058232873X
Kent M — Advanced Biology (Oxford University Press, 2000) ISBN 0199141959 Pickering W R — Advanced Biology Through Diagrams (Oxford University Press, 2001) ISBN 0199141975
Waugh D — Geography: An Integrated Approach (Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2000) ISBN 017444706X
Waugh D — Geography — An Integrated Approach: Supplement (Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2005) ISBN 074879462X
Waugh D — The New Wider World (Nelson Thornes, 2004) ISBN 0748773762
Woodfield J — Ecosystems and Human Activity (A-level Geography Series) (Collins Educational, 2000) ISBN 0003266524

## Journal

New Scientist
# Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Practical Chemical Analysis/Case studies
## Morriston Hospital, Swansea

The Swansea NHS Trust serves 250,000 people and manages 1800 hospital beds. It is a teaching hospital trust with all major specialities including burns, renal, cardiac surgery and neurosurgery. There are two main hospitals, Singleton (600 beds) and Morriston (850), and 7 smaller hospitals. Morriston is on the northern outskirts of the city. Singleton is west of the city centre.
There are two main laboratories in the Swansea NHS Trust, one at Morriston and the other at Singleton. The Pathology Departments have concentrated most resources on one or other sites in order to maximise use of facilities. A comprehensive service is achieved despite this specialisation, by means of efficient IT and transport systems. The department has an annual budget of approximately £8.5 million.
The department is Clinical Pathology Accreditation (UK) Ltd (CPA) accredited. CPA is the key accreditation body for NHS pathology laboratories. Laboratories are required to apply CPA standards in all aspects of their daily operations.
CPA standards apply to the laboratory’s organisation, staffing, resources, analysis and examination methods and quality assurance.
more...

## Anchem Laboratories, Neath

Anchem Laboratories Ltd was established in 1983 to carry out a wide range of testing: asbestos consultancy, noise surveys, occupational hygiene work amongst other environmental and health and safety orientated services.
They are UKAS accredited for many aspects of the consultancy's work to ISO 17025. Anchem hold UKAS accreditation for asbestos surveys to meet the new Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2006. This accreditation meets the internationally recognised Standard ISO 17020. They hold MCERTS for stack emission testing offering an independent service to existing and new customers.Anchem home page.</ref>
more...

### References

* ↑ G Bishell GEM 3000 - The Swansea Story (An account of the introduction of a new blood gas analyser system)
* ↑ Description of Swansea Pathology Service for Medical students.
* ↑ Swansea Pathology Service Handbook (3rd edition, April 2005)
* ↑ D Stockwell, G Rooke, C Dancer, D Burnett (2004) An intranet based clinical laboratory quality manual and organisational information system. Healthcare Computing.
* ↑ United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS)
* ↑ The Environment Agency's Monitoring Certification Scheme (MCERTS)
# ASP.NET/Roles

A role is a group of users who are uniqely identified by the set of privileges they are given. A typical website has three roles:
* Administrator
* Power User
* User
An administrator has all privileges over the particular site while power user and ordinary users don't have.

## Creation of Roles

Roles can be created in various ways. The typical process of role creation involves using the Role Manager tag in Web.config
Example
Roles can also be assigned or modified programmatically using the Role class.

### Using the Website Administration Tool

Roles can be created in .NET 2.0 using the ASP.NET Website Administration tool. This tool is available in the Solution Explorer toolbar.
The tool allows the user to change
* Security settings
* Application Configuration
* Provider Configuration
A few snapshots of the tool are availabe below. These snapshots are self-explanatory:

## References

Role Class in C#, MSDN site
# AQA Information and Communication Technology/ICT6

ICT 6 is a module in AQA A2 syllabus. It is coursework based and has to be a system in MS Access should be a real end user, rather than a situation being 'fabricated'. Some students still choose to create an imaginary problem but often score very low marks in the 'Analysis' section.
# ASP.NET/Adding A Little Interactivity

Either
or
VB.Net code:
C# code:
# Development Tools

Many ASP.NET developers use Microsoft's Visual Studio to develop ASP.NET sites. But there are less expensive and free alternatives as well. Microsoft's Visual Web Developer Express Edition is free. Web Matrix is useful in that it also provides a simplified version of the Internet Information Services (IIS), Microsoft's web server. The version of IIS included with Web Matrix allows you to test locally hosted applications. Since January 2006 Microsoft has made available free Express Editions of Visual Studio, including Visual Web Developer, which uses the later ASP.NET 2.0, and also has the same local IIS (called Cassini). All require in addition the appropriate .NET framework also available from Microsoft, and for development the appropriate .NET framework SDK as well.
It is also possible to develop ASP.NET web applications using open source tools, or even simple text editors like Notepad.

# Hosting

While most ASP.NET web applications are hosted using Microsoft's IIS web server, the Mono Project provides a way to host ASP.NET projects on open source web servers such as Apache.

# Languages

An unusual feature of ASP.NET is that it supports more than one programming language. There is, in fact, no language called "ASP" but rather a programming platform . The two most popular languages for ASP.NET development are Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) and C# (pronounced "C sharp").

# Approaches to Coding

ASP.NET pages can include their VB.NET or C# code inline with the HTML/CSS. We will explore this method of creating ASP.NET pages first. But ASP.NET pages also offer the ability to greatly separate the logic of the web application from the presentation layer of the page. In this latter style, the C# or VB.NET code is kept in a separate file (called a "code-behind" file). Thus, ASP.NET pages using the code-behind method will actually contain two files: one a fairly traditional HTML file and a second file containing the bulk of the page logic.
A significant advantage of using code behind is that the code behind file must be pre-compiled. Pre-compiling the file allows it to execute faster and forces the person designing it to fix errors at compile-time, rather than run-time.
# AQA Information and Communication Technology/ICT5/Software

In ICT5, we cover evaluation of software.
It is performed as part of the Analysis stage of the IS lifecycle.
Software should be evaluated against evaluation criteria to see if it meets the requirements it is needed for.
* Functionality - does the software do what is required, and what we want it to do? (i.e., does it meet the specification)
* Performance - does it do it efficiently and quickly?
* Usability - can the software be used effectively by the intended end-user?
* Compatibility - can it co-exist and work alongside our existing software/can it import data from the software we're replacing?
* Robustness - is the software stable?
* User support - do we have people to turn to if it goes wrong?
* Resource requirements - does it run on our existing hardware? Can our staff be training to use it?
* Upgradability - can we continue to use it in the future?
* Cost - is it cheaper than the alternatives? Can we afford it?
* Vendor quality - what kind of reputation does the vendor have?
* Flexibility - can we alter it to do exactly what we want? (especially relevant for generic as opposed to bespoke software)
Benchmarking is a good way of discovering whether the software is suitable or not. You give each criterion a weight, and then each product being evaluated a score. You multiply the weight by the score and add up all the criteria for that product and the one with the highest total score wins.

## Evaluation report

This is what should be written once evaluation is complete to be relayed back to the board of directors.
It should consist of the following sections:
* Introduction, who and why is the report being done?
* Methodology, how was the best software decided upon?
* Evaluation, an actual breakdown of each software package showing the results
* Recommendations, which product do the report writers think we should be investing in?
* Justification for this recommendation
# ASP.NET

ASP.NET is a web programming platform developed by Microsoft. It is the successor to Active Server Pages. The term "classic ASP" is often used to distinguish previous versions of Active Server Pages with the .NET (pronounced "dot net") versions.
This wikibook is an introduction to ASP.NET. It assumes no prior experience with web programming or with any particular web programming language or platform (including classic ASP), though we will often compare ways of doing things in ASP.NET with ways of doing them in other languages, especially PHP. We believe the differences between classic ASP and ASP.NET are substantial enough to merit separate treatment.

## Getting Started
### About ASP.NET

    About the ASP.NET Language

### Your First Page

    Building Your First ASP.NET Page

### Examining The Page Structure

    Examining ASP.NET's Page Structure

### Adding A Little Interactivity
## Adding Some Interactivity

So far, we haven't done anything we couldn't have done much more easily with straight HTML and a bit of CSS. But we have to start with the basics and work up, as in any subject.

## Advanced Topics

* Membership
* Roles
* Profiles
* Role-Based Security
* Cryptography
* Templating
* Database
* Data Access Layer and Business Logic Layer

## A Quick Summary

* Web Server Controls
* User Controls
* Custom Control
* Data Grid, Grid View (ASP.NET 2.0)
* Array, Collections
* Interoperability in referring any unmanaged assemblies into your Web Site
* AJAX & Atlas (Asynchronous Page development)
# ASP.NET/Data Access Layer and Business Logic Layer
## DAL (Data Access Layer) & BLL (Business Logic Layer)
### DataSet

Add New Item: DataSet Open the database viewer, drag and drop database tables into the DataSet viewer.
From the DataSet viewer, you can right click on the table, add new queries and configure them as per standard SQL using the wizard.

### BLL (Business Logic Layer)

Add New Item: Class Naming Convention is to suffix the class name with BLL for example 'CustomersBLL'
# Budget Watch Collecting/How to buy and sell watches

Budget Watch Collecting/Buying on Ebay
Budget Watch Collecting/Selecting a watch
Budget Watch Collecting/Picking Watches for Resale
Budget Watch Collecting/Selling a Watch on the Internet
# Budget Watch Collecting/Plastic crystal polishing

If a watch has a scratched up plastic crystal, chances are very good that it can be cleaned up easily.
Materials:
Wet sandpaper in 600 and 400 grit, 320 optional for really bad crystals like this one. Grits are approximate, different brands might not have exactly the same ratings. Padded mouse pad, optionally a soft cloth if the mouse pad doesn't have an appropriate soft cloth texture. Brasso or Wright's Silver polish Water
Water is to keep the sandpaper from clogging with plastic residue. You may want to skip the water if using more sandpaper is less objectionable than getting the watch wet.
Wet the coarsest sandpaper you'll be using and place it over the mouse pad. Check the height of the crystal, the angle you'll need to sand, and make sure you won't sand the bezel--If that's a danger, tape it up or remove the crystal. Sand in one direction, across the direction of the worst scratches by moving the crystal back and forth over the paper.
You may decide to leave some traces of very severe scratches, or scratches around the edges if removing them might make the crystal too thin.
The result:
Continue with successively finer grades of sandpaper until you get to 600. With each new grade, sand across the direction of the old one, and stop when the old scratches are no longer visible. You'll need to dry the crystal to check progress.
The first time you use it, put a small amount of polish on your damp cloth or mouse pad. If you re-use the same cloth or pad without cleaning it, you may not need fresh polish every time, just re-wet. If using a cloth, place it over the pad. Polish in a circular motion, again concentrating on the edges until the crystal is clear. Again, you'll need to dry it to check progress.
The results:
(Note that this case was floating around in my parts, and there is still a visible scratch at 7--That's on the inside. unusual to find an inside scratch on a complete watch, and they are a bear to remove. Not gonna bother here, since it's not going to be used.
An alternate method of sanding crystals is to use sanding sticks of decreasing coarseness followed with a polishing compound. These sticks may be purchased in hobby shops and have the advantage of being flexible. This allows them to conform to the shape of the crystal when polishing. The method used is to place the crystal on a suitable surface (I use a mousepad) face up and sand holding the sanding stick in the thumb and first two fingers of the hand. Using this method there is no danger to the bezel since the crystal has been removed. My results have been quite favorable.
Another method I had good results with is, for the final polish I use 1200 wet and dry sandpaper and wet it with some penetrating oil, to prevent clogging. When done with that, I turned the paper over and use the back side with some liquid metal polish like Brasso or Silvo. The results are really very good.
# Budget Watch Collecting/Horological Theory

Fancy sounding name, right? This section is meant to get into the engineering and theory of timekeeping, without getting deep into the math.
Budget Watch Collecting/Jewels
Budget Watch Collecting/Shock Protection
Budget Watch Collecting/How a Watch Works
Budget Watch Collecting/Automatic Winding
# Budget Watch Collecting/Other Budget Watch resources

Discussion forums:
National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors Lots of practical info on watch repair
alt.horology Google's view of the alt.horology newsgroup.
WatchUSeek watch forums
Seiko-Citizen watch forum for discussion of all Asian watches
Timex Watch Forum, the inspiration for this wiki
Poor Man Watch Forum for discussion of all watches under $1000 USD (mostly Budget watches)
# Budget Watch Collecting/Identifying movements

Most movements have a caliber number-In most cases this will be below the balance wheel. In some cases it will be on one of the bridges, and occasionally it will be on the dial side, only visible by removing the dial. There may be several designations--It is common for the visible indications to mention the brand of the watch company, while the semi-hidden marks will tell who actually made the movement. Bulova has its own movement codes, and generally have this code on a bridge. Often however this Bulova movement was made by someone else and only minorly updated, this will usually have the maker's marks in their usual place under the balance. Ranftt.de has a very good online database of movements, searchable by number, with pictures and a varying amount of info.
# Budget Watch Collecting/Learning to fix watches

The best way to learn to fix watches is obviously with a good teacher, however that can be difficult to find.
Gather a minimum toolset.
Gather mechanical movements. Bridged movements are best, but for educational purposes very low quality movements are fine. Avoid full plate or 3/4 plate movements as found in Timex, Westclox and similar inexpensive watches--These are extremely difficult to work with in a way that will teach skills needed for "normal" watches. A bigger movement is better, but a small bridged movement is preferable to a large full-plate. Women's movements are more plentiful, but harder to reassemble. They may be worth the attempt, just in learning to handle parts. Fewer complications (calendar, auto-wind) are better, and to some extent even badly damaged movements can be useful.
An old wind-up alarm clock can be useful in learning how a movement works--These usually beat a bit slower, and have larger parts that make it easier to visualize and follow what is happening. It can also be useful to study a working old 400-day/Anniversary clock, the type usually under a glass dome, with a slowly-rotating pendulum. Most of these have a visible escapement, and the slow rate allows you to see the different steps of the escapement.
Try to disassemble and reassemble a movement without breaking pivots or shooting parts across the room. Test the train before reinstalling the pallet, this will let you see if the train works properly
Next, try to clean and oil a movement.
Once you have successfully cleaned and oiled a movement, you may be ready to clean and oil the movement in a wearable watch.
Movement types in rough order of difficulty
Timex These are odd cases--A Timex is very difficult to completely tear down, however they were designed to be cleaned and lubricated with minimal disassembly. The official factory procedure has you remove the balance and some of the winding system, the rest is placed intact in the cleaner. In some cases, they will start running again just by swishing them around in lighter fluid.
Generic Swiss bridged time-only.
Seiko "magic lever" automatic--Without calendar is easier, but Seiko's calendar system is generally much easier than Swiss.
Swiss automatic--Variable, but generally more complex than Seiko.
Swiss Calendar--While some of these are reasonably simple, some were designed by a close relative of Rube Goldberg. I've frequently found a non-quickset date only to be more difficult than a Seiko with quickset day and date.
Chronograph. Many professional watchmakers refuse to work on these.
# Budget Watch Collecting/Plastic crystal replacement

Most watches with domed, round crystals (known as plexis in some areas) use a crystal lift to remove and replace the crystal. Note that some watches use a different attachment method--if the watch has a bezel ring, a lift will not work.
A crystal lift is a tool that evenly compresses the rim of a plastic crystal to allow it to fit in a watch bezel.
To remove a crystal, adjust the knob of the tool so the fingers are slightly larger than the crystal. Make sure the fingers are grasping only the crystal, and not the bezel.
Slowly tighten the screw, while gently pulling the watch case away from the crystal. First the crystal will become loose. With another partial turn of the screw, the case will easily snap off the crystal. Be careful that you control the case so nothing touches the dial or hands when it comes loose.
The crystal will be attached to the lift in the proper position to re-insert. If you will be replacing the same crystal, you may want to leave it in the lift.
If you need to remove the crystal from the lift, unscrew the knob.
To replace a crystal, you will need a jig to properly position the crystal in the lift, with enough of the rim sticking out to fit in the case. There are different types of jigs. One version has an adjustable slide, you place the crystal in the jig and close the slide, then grasp the crystal with the lift fingers resting on the slide. This type has multiple concentric steps.
Find the step that most closely matches the size of the crystal and place it inside. The fingers of the lift will rest on the next step up.
Tighten the tool enough so that it securely grasps the crystal.
Place on the bezel of the watch, and tighten slowly until it snaps in place.
Once it snaps in place, unscrew the knob until the tool releases.
# Budget Watch Collecting/Modern old American brands

Most of the famous old American brands are now owned by other companies.
Hamilton is now owned by the Swatch group, still makes mechanicals.
Elgin is owned by MZ Berger, makes cheap quartz watches, mostly with Chinese manufacture.
Gruen was an American brand using mostly Swiss parts, is now owned by MZ Berger, mostly cheap quartz. Recently experimented with a Swiss Automatic, but failed.
Waltham is now two separate brands. MZ Berger owns the rights to the name in North America, Waltham International SA owns the brand in the rest of the world, concentrating on Japan. Waltham International was established by the original American Waltham.
Timex is still basically the original company, Norwegian ownership, US headquarters, worldwide production.
Bulova has had several ownership changes, but is still around, although with no US manufacturing.
Accutron--Bulova moved the Accutron name to standard quartz watches, and now makes mechanical Accutrons.