OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Creating a Simple 3D Game with XNA/Introducing Blender's Interface
## First Screen

The biggest problem with Blender for new programmers is its learning curve. After a little practice and experience it does become fairly intuitive, but for this reason a gentle introduction to the opening screen and the basic interface is necessary before moving on to making your models.
The following three elements can be seen
* A cube, with a red cursor in the middle
* To the right of that, the light source (a pair of small circles)
* And to the lower right of the middle, the camera (a pyramid)
For purposes of XNA and this tutorial, we do not need to worry about the light source or camera, that will all be handled on the code side.

## Basic Controls

You can rotate this view around freely by holding down the middle button and moving the mouse, and can be zoomed in and out using a mouse wheel. The numpad can be used to rotate and zoom more uniformly;
* 1, 7, and 3 aligns the current view to an axis
* 4/6 and 8/2 rotates the display by 15 degrees on an axis
* '+' and '-' zooms in and out
The left key moves the cursor (a red and white circle with a crosshair around it) around the screen, by moving this you can change the current view (by pushing 'C' after moving it re-centers it to that position) and dictates the position where new shapes are placed.
The right key selects different objects on the screen, with the currently selected object highlighted in pink.

## Editing your Cube

Next, select the cube by right clicking on it, then change the view mode from the default object mode, to object editing mode by left clicking on the 'Mode' tab.
Change this to editing mode. While in this mode, you have the option of modifying the different physical aspects of the model, which can be split into three different types:
* Faces, the solid areas of the model, which are surrounded by...
* Edges, lines connected by...
* Verteces, which dictate the different positions of the edges.
This is probably best seen visually by changing between different select modes for these types using the below buttons, and selecting them on the cube.
When you select one of these parts (for the sake of the below example pics, one of the front facing faces), they can be edited in the following basic ways:
* Translate, which moves the selected element
* Scale, which allows you to increase the size of the selected parts (by default, around the centre of the selected area)
* Extrude, which acts similar to the above translate, but creates a new set of faces at the extrusion point (which is frankly, a lot easier to understand by seeing and playing with it then it is to describe it)
In any of these editing modes, they can be affixed to a particular axis by hitting the X, Y, and Z key.
Going through the rest of this tutorial, some of the more advanced facets of Blender, and the details behind these functions will be explored through examples, but this at least provides the framework for the creating any simple model.
# Creating a Simple 3D Game with XNA/Rendering Your Model
## Getting Started

First of all, open up Visual c#, and select 'File'/'New Project'. From there select to create a new C# project.
What you should see in front of you are the standard starting XNA starting code. Add the projects 'SkinnedModelPipeline' and 'SkinnedModelWindows' from the previously downloaded skinned model sample, and add a reference to them by entering using SkinnedModel; along with your other using statements and by right clicking on your project and selecting them under 'Add Reference'.
Plus ensure that the class is referencing the 'Game' class as below by changing the first line of your class.
And place the 'SkinnedModel.fx' file from 'SkinnedModelWindows' project into your projects content folder as your model will use it to render.

## Fish Renderer

Next up, create a new game component file called 'ModelRenderer'. From this, add the following class variables.
Change the constructor as follows.
This code, more or less taken from original sample, initialises methods which will eventually be used for the animation process.
Next, remove the code from the pre-made update method, and replace it with this.
The .Update method here will ensure that the animation currently playing by the method will be played in sequence and in time with everything else using the passed 'gameTime'.
The active ingredient of this class is the below Draw method:
We don't need to worry about this too much for the sake of this tutorial.
Add a new method which will be called from the parent file which will call elements of the pre-loaded 'SkinnedModel', playing the animation.
We will be adding to this code as we extend the logic of the actual gameplay (as its quite a convienent place to store instance variables on the fish we will be using), but for now this more than covers the basics which are needed for the system, and next we can worry about using it to render the model.

## Using Your Renderer

Create a new folder under 'Content' in your project called 'Models', and add your fish model and all the .tga texture files. Now right click on the 'References' folder, and add 'SkinnedModelPipeline'. This will allow you to select the correct renderer for your model by going into your models properties and changing it to the new 'SkinnedModelProcessor'. If you are unable to select it, ensure that the two 'SkinnedModel' projects are built by right clicking on them and selecting 'Build'.
Now go back to your parent file. Add some new class variable;
And put it into use by going into your update method and adding the line
at the start of the method, and in the draw method adding
after your
line.
And finally, add the following in the start of your 'LoadContent' method.
Now, run your application, and everything should work.
# Creating a Simple 3D Game with XNA/Creating a Sky Sphere
## Creating Your World

A sky sphere is the boundary surrounding your world, projecting an image which appears to go into the horizon. Creating the sphere itself in Blender is easy. Just create a new UVSphere, with 16 segments and rings. Don't worry about the size for now, we can adjust this in XNA.
Next up, using the same process as with the eye previously, mark the seam down the middle of the sphere, and unwrap it.
With this, paint a simple sea texture onto the image.
And map it onto the sphere. Finally, with all the faces selected, push space and select 'Edit'/'Normals'/'Flip'.
What this will do is project the texture inside the sphere instead of outside as with a normal model, allowing you to see the texture if your camera is placed inside it.
Next, export it as before by selecting the object and using the FBX export script.
# Creating a Virtual Machine
## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* VM Design Considerations
* Register VM in C
* Register VM in Swift
* Adding Memory
* Additional Instructions
* Subroutines
* Creating a BIOS
* Loading a Binary File
* Running a Program From Disk
* Stack-Register VM in Java
* Symbolic Stack VM in Erlang
* Writing a Compiler
** A High-Level Language to Compile
# Computers for Beginners

Computers for Beginners is a book for people with little or no prior computer knowledge. It will teach basics moving slowly toward more advanced topics. The primary learning technique will be tutorial examples since they facilitate learning more effectively. There will be adequate theory prior to and explaining the examples so the user learns what the computer is doing instead of just memorizing keystrokes and mouse clicks.
The initial writing of this book will use mostly examples from Windows XP. However, the theories in the book are applicable to any modern operating system (ex: Linux, MacOS, etc); these operating systems will not be explained separately right now unless there are fundamental differences.

## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Buying A Computer
** Where to Buy
** Processor
** Etc.
* Flat Out Basics
** Setting Up and Turning on the Computer
** Free Software
** Proprietary Software
** Choosing my system - Priority "freedom"
** Moving the Mouse
** Familiarizing yourself with the keyboard
** Launching and Working with Programs and Windows
** Gooey GUI
* More Basics
** Files
** Installing Programs
** Uninstalling Programs
** Customizing
* Security
** Malware
** Firewall
* Office Programs
* Internet
** The Basics
*** What is the Internet?
*** The Internet and the World Wide Web
** Web Browsing
** Choosing a Password
*** Bad Passwords
*** Good Passwords
** Searching: Getting Here from There
** E-mail
*** Choosing a username and password
*** Utilizing the options
** Web-based E-mail Programs
** E-mail through a specialist program
* Multimedia
** Games
*** Playing Games
*** Modding/Making Games
** Images
*** File Types
*** Viewing
*** Editing
** Music
*** File Types
*** Listening
*** Editing
** Video
*** Media Types
*** File Types
*** Watching
*** Editing
* Networking
** Setting Up a Home Network
** Different Uses of Networks
*** Sharing Internet Connections
*** Sharing Files and Printer
*** Playing Multi-Player Games
* Tips&Tricks
** Truly Removing Log Off User
** Kill the Passport Balloon
** Kill the Animated Search Character
* Keeping your PC running Smoothly
* Programming
* Glossary
* Author(s)
# What is a Computer?

History of Computers
What can a computer do for me?
The computer's original function was calculation. A computer is incredibly fast at mathematical accounting - what would take a human hours to complete can be done in seconds. It is wonderful for keeping track of a budget, planning a savings account or performing thousands of other tasks.
A computer can improve efficiency, streamline productivity, and facilitate communication as well as entertain.
In the work environment, a computer is used to perform a plethora of tasks. A primary function is word processing. A word processor is considered to be a virtual pen and paper; it saves the document on a computer and allows instant editing. It also includes tools to review your grammar and to check your spelling, ensuring higher quality written work!
Another productivity use for computers is creating databases. These databases are easily created and can store information for quick access and retrieval. For example, if you have a large address book and want to get a person's address to send them a letter, you can use an address book application. This application uses a directory, or database, to store the contact information of the people you input into it. Then you can use a search feature that lets you look for a person's name (or part of their name) to quickly find their address, instead of flipping through endless pages of an actual address book.
Computers also be great entertainers. Computers can view photos, play video games and music. In addition, if you have a decent Internet connection, you can watch one of the many TV shows and movies available online for your viewing pleasure.
One of the most utilized features of computers is the gateway it provides to communication. Even a slow Internet connection will make communication easier.
You can e-mail friends and family.
Electronic-mail, unlike regular mail, provides instant delivery to the recipient. Also, if both of you are simultaneously connected to the Internet, some programs will allow instant messaging. This is a means of communicating in real time. This can help save on phone bills. Many communication programs allow phone and video calls over the Internet as well, and most of them are free!
A computer also provides a gateway to the web. A huge library filled with billions of pages that are packed with knowledge and games!
NEXT>> Computers for beginners/buying a computer
# Computers for Beginners/Authors
## EuropracBHIT

The last time EuropracBHIT could say she had 'never used a computer' was in 1990, when an IBM-compatible computer running MS-DOS version 3.1 came into her home. She studied Information Technology from 1996 to 2000, which is the sum of her theoretical knowledge, as well as a course in Desktop Publishing in 2003, where she crystallised high skills in PageMaker and Photoshop, versions of which she had been exploring for the previous ten years first on Macintosh and subsequently on Wintel platforms. Practically, she reads all the manuals before she opens a piece of software, and help files and PDF files. And she plays and has fun, ferreting out what a piece of hardware and its comicontant software can do and testing out its limits. Her principal contributions will be in Internet and Multimedia, as she believes these are the most fun and challenging ways of using a computer in the consumer and education arenas for which this book is targeted. She recommends tutorials because they are a form of 'doing as I do': imitating an experienced computer user as opposed to 'doing what I say' which is following the instructions and feeling very foolish. She thinks that people feeling foolish is the greatest reason why they do not learn to use their computers more efficiently and get out their maximum potential with this and other related technology. In the fifteen years she has been using computers, she has had to tutor and help many people of all ages and skill levels. She thinks the best way to meet the computer's 'mind' is to be logical. However, computers, in her view, do stir passions and emotions, and it is important to deal with these positively, critically and constructively.

## Deviance99

Deviance99 has had a home PC running Microsoft Windows since he was 9 years old. He has been consulting friends, family, and neighbors since age 15. He started dabbling in Q-Basic computer programming at age 12, and started building his own computers at 14, and discovered Linux at age 17 (23 now). He's been designing webpages since his sophomore year in high school, and has had several jobs making websites. He studied Information Technology from 2001-2005 with a speciality in Multimedia Design, and is current the System Administrator of the Physics Department at the local university.
Most of his knowledge of computers is self-taught and complimented with theory from the University. He is an expert using Windows, while an advanced user of Linux with experience setting up and maintaining webservers, mail servers, files servers, clusters, active directory, and a network environment. He just bought his first Apple computer and is virgerously learning it.
# Computers for Beginners/Office Programs

Office programs can accomplish many daily home office tasks, and are one of the most commonly used programs of average computer people.
There are several programs in the Microsoft Office suite, the most common being
* Word, a word processor
* Excel, a spreadsheet program
* PowerPoint, a presentation program
Office suites are not made only by Microsoft. Some companies have taken their own stab at making these handy bundles of programming, and many have succeeded. If you don't want to shell out serious cash (hundreds of US dollars) for the latest version of Microsoft Office, you should take a look at LibreOffice, a free, open-source office suite which offers almost all the features of Microsoft Office and then some. Several online services like Google Workspace (Google Docs etc.) also let you create and edit office documents.
* LibreOffice Writer 7.1.2
* LibreOffice Calc 7.1.2
* LibreOffice Impress 7.1.2
* LibreOffice Draw 6.0.7.3
* LibreOffice Writer 7.2.4.1 (Dark theme)
Once you learn how to use one office program, you can figure out the basics of the other ones without much effort.
# Downloading Files from IRC/Other Questions
## Where do the files download to?

By default, mIRC sends new incoming files to the: "C:\Program Files\mIRC\download" directory.

## What is the number letters string (CRC) at the end of the filename for?

The random, 8-character, number letter string at the end of some filenames is their CRC32 value. It is used to ensure that the file was transferred from one person to another without being corrupted in the process.
For example, the file:
[CAT]_Cooking_fish_howto_video_[CA732D8B].avi
is supposed to have a CRC32 hash of "CA732D8B". To ensure the copy I downloaded hadn't been corrupted in the process, I would run a hash check on the file and make sure its CRC32 value matches the one found in the file name. Some good hash checkers you could use are:
* RapidCRC (Windows)
* HashTab (Windows)
* CheckSum (Mac OS X)
# Downloading Files from IRC

* Newbie Notice:
* Getting files over IRC is a waiting game that requires patience, a stable connection, and a decent IRC client. It may also involve the use of some basic DOS / Bash like commands to search through different servers to find the file you want.
* Still interested?
* If you are completely new to IRC, I suggest having a look at the Some Notes for Beginners section and the Setting Up Your IRC Client for Downloading Files section as well before going through the rest of this guide. Reading them first may save you some trouble in the long run.

## Terminology

The meaning of some terms used in this guide:
* IRC client: Program to access an IRC network
* fServ or file server: An add-on for your IRC client, lets other people browse and download files off of your hard drive.
* PM (Private Message): A message that only the sender and receiver can see.
* Packlist: List with all the files an XDCC bot is serving and their send numbers

## Contents

* Some Notes for Beginners
* Setting Up Your IRC Client for Downloading Files
* File Server (fserve) Guide
* XDCC Bot Guide
* Other Questions
   TODO
# Downloading Files from IRC/Setting Up Your IRC Client for Downloading Files
## This is is a mini-guide for beginners to set up an IRC client to receive files.
### mIRC

* When mIRC is opened, the options menu should pop up:
example
* In the "Category:" window under "Connect", click on "Options", and put a check mark next to "Reconnect on disconnection"
image
* Next, click on the "DCC" category. And click on the "\/" to the right of "If file exists:" and select "Resume". Also for "On chat request:", select "Auto-accept" and check "minimize"
image
* If your confronted with the "Auto-Get Warning", click yes and enable the feature. Enabling auto-get does not mean viruses will takeover your computer, just don't be an idiot and open files sent to you that you didn't request.
image
* Now click on the "+" sign next to "DCC" to open up the sub menu.
image
* Now we are going to click on the "Ignore" in the sub-category that just opened up and click on the "\/" to the right of "Method:". Select disabled and un-check the box next to "turn ignore back on in:"
image
# Downloading Files from IRC/Some Notes for Beginners

This is meant to be a beginner's survival guide for using IRC, more of a quick summary of some important points than an in-depth guide.

## Terminology

* IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat
* IRC Channel a channel is a group (or chatroom) related to a particular subject matter, Channel names are preceded by the "#" sign, for example: #lounge
* Topic the text displayed when entering a channel, usually the channel's description
* On-Join message usually a welcome message or other text
* Op or Moderator a channel's boss, sets and enforces the channel rules and have the ability to kick and/or ban users from the channel.
* Idle to sit in the channel and not discuss anything. (this would probably describe what most IRC user's do....)
* Kick to remove someone from the channel
* Ban to remove a user's ability to rejoin a channel
* Bot a nick that is run by a script or program
* Nick the name you use to chat with

## Basic Etiquette

* When joining a channel, before you do anything, read the channel's topic and on-join messages, along with (if listed in the topic) any website and/or "!rules" trigger
* IRC started as a means for people to chat with one another in real time over the internet. A majority of IRC channels are still the same way today, as a means to chat with other people. IRC is not purely for downloading files.
* All IRC channels ARE NOT the same. What might be acceptable in one channel may be completely off limits in another. This could include using certain triggers, idling and even the language used inside the channel, among other things.
# Drafting

At sea aboard USS Kearsarge, Illustrator Draftsman 1st Class Steven Rodgers designs a training slide
Welcome to the Wikibook on
Drafting
The Objectives of Drafting as an Explanatory Practical Arts Course
The general objectives of drafting as an explanatory practical arts course are as follows:
* To acquire essential skills in freehand drawing and lettering, in creating simple structural and decorative designs, in sketching pictorial drawings, and in making orthographic working sketches
* To get acquainted with the technical and related general knowledge concerning the general drafting trade
* To be able to read and interpret working sketches and working drawings
* To develop one's power of observation and visualization
* To form good habits of work such as cleanliness, accuracy, neatness, orderliness, speed and industry
* To appreciate good draftsmanship
Tools and Materials Needed
The following tools and materials are needed in freehand drawing and in technical sketching:
* Drawing pencils (F, HB, B and 6B) are generally used in sketching all required drawing plates
* Soft rubber eraser
* Ruler (metric)
* Drawing and lettering pens with a pen holder (e.g., Gillott, Staedtler, Speedball)
* Drawing papers, 23 cm x 30 cm, 23 kg (50 lb) book or Oslo paper and bristol board (cartolina)
* Sketch book, 23 cm x 30 cm (9" x 12"), with cross-perpendicular lines
* Pocket knife or NT knife and sharpening pad
* Flexible steel measuring tape 2 m long
* Large envelope, 30 cm x 40 cm (12" x 16")
* Lecture notebook
* India ink, 22 cc (3/4 oz) bottle
* Water color set with pointed sable brush (Prang or equivalent)
* Tempera colors (6 bottles to a set)
* Wax crayons (16 colors)
* Tracing paper, 1/2 m long

## Contents

* Introduction
* Freehand Drawing
* Designing
* Lettering
* Orthographic Sketching
* Pictorial Drawings
* Dimensioning
* Working Sketches
* Representation of Materials
* Blueprint Reading
* Commercial Art
* Bibliography
* Glossary of Technical Terms

## Appendices

* Other Blueprint Reading Problems
* List of Operations or Skills to be Learned
* Conversion Table of English Linear Measurements into Metric
# Dutch
### 2...Nf6
## Theory Table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.d4 f5 2.Nf3 Nf6
| | 3 | 4 |
| Dutch | g3 g6 | to 2.g3 Nf6 3.Nf3 |
| Dutch | c4 e6 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Staunton Gambit
### 2. e4

The type of approach one might expect to be successful against the Dutch in view of the weak h5-e8 diagonal. Practice has shown that Black has adequate resources and it difficult for white to show much after a skirmish to recover the pawn sacrifice.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. d4 f5 2. e4
| | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| | e4 fxe4 | Nc3 Nf6 | Bg5 c6 | f3 d5 | fxe4 dxe4 | Bc4 Bg4 | = |
| | ... ... | ... ... | ... Nc6 | d5 Ne5 | Qd4 Nf7 | Bxf6 exf6 | = |
| Kingston Defence by transposition | ... e6 | exf5 exf5 | Bd3 Nc6 | Nf3 | | | += |
| Balogh Defence by transposition | ... d6 | Nc3 Nf6 | Bd3 fxe4 | Nxe4 Nxe4 | | | += |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Dutch Defence
## 2. g3
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.d4 f5 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 e6 4.c4 c6 5.Bg5 d5 6.c5 Nbd7 7.Nf3 Be7 8.0-0 0-0
| | 2 |
| Dutch | ... Nf6 | Bg2 |
| | ... g6 | Bg2 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.