OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1.Nf3
### 1...Nf6

1...Nf6, keeping the position symmetrical, is the most flexible reply to 1.Nf3. At Grandmaster level this is a very popular move and has been the preferred response of both Anand and Kasparov.
From here, the game can go in a number of directions and there are plenty of transpositional possibilities into 1.d4 and 1.c4 openings.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.Nf3 Nf6
| | 2 |
| English Opening | c4 ... | = |
| King's Indian Attack | g3 ... | = |
| Indian Defence | d4 ... | = see 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 |
| Réti Opening | b3 ... | = |
| | e3 ... | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* Flank Openings (1990), Bruno Carlier, Trends Publications, No ISBN
# English Opening
## 3.g3
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3
| | 3 |
| Queen's Gambit Declined | ... d5 | to 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 d5 |
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# English Opening
## 2...e6
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 e6
| | 2 |
| Queen's Gambit Declined | d4 d5 | to 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 |
| English, Symmetrical | Nc3 c5 | |
| English | g3 d5 | |
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# English Opening
### 3.Nc3
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3
| | 3 |
| English, Symmetrical | ... c5 | g3 | to 2...c5 Nc3 3.e6 |
| Queen's Gambit Declined | ... d5 | d4 | |
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# Dunst Opening
### 1...e5
## Theory table

    1.Nc3 e5
| | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Vienna Game by transposition | e4 Nc6 | to 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 |
| | Nf3 Nc6 | d4 exd4 | Nxd4 Nf6 | = |
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## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# English, Symmetrical
### 3...e6
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.Nc3 e6 also 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5
| | 4 | 5 |
| English, Symmetrical | g3 b6 | = |
| Queen's Pawn Game | d4 d5 | = see 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. Nc3 |
| | e3 Nc6 | = |
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# Elements of Political Communication/Digital media guidelines

This section is divided as follows:
* Social media
* Websites
# Elements of Art/Two and Three Dimensions

Cover • Intro • Line • Shape • 2D & 3D

## Two and Three Dimensions

Dimensions, in art, can create some really interesting effects.
They are connected with perspective, which is often used in graphic design, especially one-point perspective and two-point perspective.

#### Two dimensions

The two dimensions are height and width.

#### Three dimensions

The three dimensions are height and width and depth. Depth is often applied by projecting a shadow. Three-dimensional shapes can often be created by extra lines, or by doing a net.

### Art forms that use two dimensions

Drawing Painting

### Art forms that use three dimensions

Sculpture Origami

### Art forms that use two and three dimensions

Provide examples Mixed-media.
# Elements of Political Communication

It is meant as a practical guide for anyone, regardless of political affiliation, and it is organized in such a way that a person new to political communication can learn to create convincing and thought-provoking op-eds, letters to the editor, press releases, social media posts, website content, and spoken messages.
* Introduction
* Background
* Style
* Spoken message guidelines
* Speeches
* Debates
* General guidelines
* Accuracy
* Audience
* Fairness
* Format
* Importance
* Sound
* Succinctness
* Traditional media guidelines
* Op-eds and letters to the editor
* Press releases
* Digital media guidelines
* Social media
* Websites
* Appendices
* References
* Further reading
# Elements of Political Communication/Background

This section is divided as follows:
* Background
* Style
# Elements of Political Communication/General guidelines

This section is divided as follows:
    Accuracy
    Audience
    Fairness
    Format
    Importance
    Sound
    Succinctness
# Elements of Political Communication/Further reading
## Writing

← References
# Ethnography of Fiddle/Noise Khanyile

Noise Khanyile & the Jo'burgm C is a Johannesburg, South Africa based ensemble produced by West Nkosi that has been critically acclaimed by scholars such as East African Standard musicologist John Storm Roberts. They exhibit a sophisticated multiply layered tapestry of Zulu inspired sound on his 1989 release Art of Noise. For instance, in the web-published track "Groovin' Jive No. 1" combining hand clap, drums, creative percussion with horn, harmonized vocals, special effects and fiddle in a distinctively contemporary sound. Baba Wami (Tribute Song) draws more explicitly upon tradition Some critics dispute use of the word "tradition". For instance, John Storm Roberts praises the liner notes accompanying Noise Khayile's CD but laments an unspecified "misuse of the word traditional -- an irritating inaccuracy that seems to be spreading."
The performances have been critically distinguished between traditional (Zulu) music and a style referred to a "township jive" or simply as "jive". His music, although rooted in folk tradition, is nevertheless described by some critics as "violin" rather than "fiddle". This music is often played in shebeens, an alternative to the pubs which had been closed to blacks under apartheid but which some assert are experiencing a renaissance as a form of cultural resurgence.

## Bibliography

* Allingham, Rob. "Nation of Voice". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 638–657. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0

## References

* ↑ "... a man who played with most of the big names of the time. This has to rank as one of the best reissues of down-home '70s sounds so far"|http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/store/artist/album/0,,139624,00.html%7C John Storm Roberts|All Music Guide
* ↑ Audio CD (December 27, 2004)|Original Release Date: 1989|Number of Discs: 1|Format: Original recording reissued, Import|Label: Globe Style UK|ASIN: B000008IZY
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kszcLyAg8
* ↑ http://www.topix.com/forum/world/lesotho/T78QGFRTU7QTLAJNM
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h1pe9TTkM8&feature=related
* 1 2 http://www2.bowed.org/011/nk.html
* ↑ Stanley-Niaah, Sonjah. "Mapping of Black Atlantic Performance Geographies: From Slave Ship to Ghetto." In Black Geographies and the Politics of Place, ed. by Katherine McKittrick and Clyde Woods, pp. 193–217. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2007.
# Ethnography of Fiddle/Ethnochoreology

Ethnochoreology (also dance ethnology, dance anthropology) is the study of dance through the application of a number of disciplines such as anthropology, musicology (ethnomusicology), ethnography, linguistics, sociology, etc. The word, itself, is relatively recent and means, literally, “the study of ethnic dance”, which is a reflection of not just folk dance, but all forms of dance that exist in the world. Thus, ethnochoreology reflects the relatively recent attempt to apply academic thought to why people dance and what it means. It is not just the study or cataloging of the thousands of external forms of dances—the dance moves, music, costumes, etc.— in various parts of the world, but the attempt to come to grips with dance as existing within the social events of a given community as well as within the cultural history of a community. Dance is not just a static representation of history, not just a repository of meaning, but a producer of meaning each time it is produced—not just a living mirror of a culture, but a shaping part of culture, a power within the culture:
    “The power of dance rests in acts of performance by dancers and spectators alike, in the process of making sense of dance… and in linking dance experience to other sets of ideas and social experiences.” ( John Blacking. (1984) “Dance as Cultural System and Human Capability: An Anthropological Perspective.” in Dance, A Multicultural Perspective. Report of the Third Study of Dance Conference, ed. J. Adshead, 4-21, Guildford, University of Surrey. Cited in Giurchescu (2001), below)
Ethnologic dance is native to a particular ethnic group. They are performed by dancers associated with national and cultural groups. Religious rituals (ethnic dances) are designed as hymns of phrase to a god, or to bring in good fortune in peace or war.

## External links

* Congress on Research in Dance
* Review of Nettl's 2005 revised edition of "The Study of Ethnomusicology"
* Master's Degree in Ethnochoreology
# Sicilian, Closed
### 3...e6
## Theory table

1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 e6
| 4 | 5 |
| Bg2 | |
| Nge2 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Closed Sicilian
## 3.g3
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 e6 3.g3
| | 3 |
| Sicilian, Closed | ... Nc6 | Bg2 | to 2...Nc6 3.g3 e6 |
| Sicilian, Closed | ... d5 | exd5 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Sicilian, Closed
### 3...d6
## Theory table

1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 d6
| | 4 | 5 |
| Sicilian, Closed, 6.Be3 | Bg2 g6 | |
| | Nge2 Nf6 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Closed Sicilian
## 2...e6
## Statistics

Estimated next move popularity: Nf3 59%, g3 17%, f4 13%, Nge2 8%, Bc4 1%, d3 1%, other moves less than 1.0%.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. e4 c5 2. Nc3 e6
| | 3 |
| Sicilian, Taimanov | Nf3 Nc6 | to 2. Nf3 e6 3. Nc3 |
| | g3 Nc6 | |
| Sicilian, Closed | f4 Nc6 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Open Sicilian
### 2. Nf3

White's move 2. Nf3 increased their control of the d4 square, enabling them to play d4 next move. Black cannot hope to resist White's plan any further, and should go about their own development.
2...d6 is the most popular move, controlling e5 for a potential advance of the e-pawn and letting the queen's bishop out, while also holding down the c-pawn should White go down a different path.
2...e6 is an older, though still popular move freeing the king's bishop, although d6 will often follow soon.
2...Nc6 is the most traditional move, and still played often today. It reserves options in the centre and keeps an eye on d4, as does 2...g6 (the Hyper-Accelerated Dragon) with ...Bg7 to follow, and 2...a6 (the O'Kelly Variation) which can restrain some of White's longer-term plans and provide the springboard for a b5 advance, though it neglects the centre.
There are many slightly different Sicilians with similar plans for Black, in which various combinations of these moves may turn up in almost any order.
The one significant departure from the main lines is 2...Nf6, evoking Alekhine's Defence by attacking the e-pawn to tempt it forward.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. e4 c5 2. Nf3
| | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Open Sicilian with 2...d6 | ... d6 | d4 cxd4 | Nxd4 Nf6 | Nc3 e6 | +/= |
| Open Sicilian with 2...e6 | ... e6 | d4 cxd4 | Nxd4 a6 | Bd3 Nf6 | +/= |
| Open Sicilian with 2...Nc6 | ... Nc6 | d4 cxd4 | Nxd4 Nf6 | Nc3 e5 | = |
| O'Kelly Variation | ... a6 | c3 d5 | exd5 Qxd5 | d4 e6 | +/= |
| Hyper-Accelerated Dragon | ... g6 | d4 cxd4 | Qxd4 Nf6 | Bb5 Nc6 | = |
| Nimzowitsch Variation | ... Nf6 | e5 Nd5 | Nc3 e6 | Nxd5 exd5 | +/- |
| Katalimov Variation | ... b6 | d4 cxd4 | Nxd4 Bb7 | Nc3 d6 | +/- |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Sicilian, Closed
### 3...g6
## Theory table

1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6
| | 4 | 5 |
| Sicilian, Closed | Bg2 Bg7 | |
| | d3 Bg7 | |
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# Sicilian, Closed
## 2...a6
## Statistics

Estimated next move popularity: Nf3 36%, g3 30%, f4 16%, Nge2 8%, a4 7%, d3 1%, g4 1%, Bc4 1%, other moves less than 0.4%.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1. e4 c5 2. Nc3 a6
| | 3 |
| Sicilian, Kan, 5.Nc3 | Nf3 e6 | to 2. Nf3 a6 3. Nc3 |
| | g3 b5 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Closed Sicilian
## 2...d6

This move is a perfectly reasonable move, often favored by Najdorf players to avoid some move-order tricks like 2...Nc6 3.Nf3 when White firmly avoids the Najdorf, but has the downside that ...d5 would cost a tempo since Black has already played ...d6.
Estimated next move popularity: Nf3 32%, f4 29%, g3 17%, Nge2 16%, Bb5+ 2%, d4 2%, Bc4 1%, d3 1%, other moves less than 0.5%.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 d6
| | 3 |
| Sicilian | Nf3 Nc6 | to 2.Nf3 d6 3.Nc3 |
| Sicilian, Closed | f4 Nc6 | |
| Sicilian, Closed, 6.Be3 | g3 Nc6 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Closed Sicilian
## 3...d5
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 e6 3.g3 d5
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Field Guide/Animal Tracks/Cat (Domestic)

domestic cats have oval shaped toes unlike mountain lions they have tear drop shaped toes.
# Fermat's Last Theorem/Paul Wolfskehl
## Paul Wolfskehl

The works of Kummer on the factorisation of complex numbers threw a general mistrust on the possibility of finding a proof of Fermat’s theorem in a reasonable time. The researches also halted because of the birth of new branches of mathematics that drew the studious away from the theory of numbers. Wolfskehl was a German industrialist from Darmstadt who came from a very rich family dedicated to patronage of the arts. Paul had studied at mathematical university and, although he had greater success in business than in mathematics, his contribution was decisive in reawakening interest in the theorem. Wolfskehl at that period was in love with a woman who refused his every attention. Driven by despondency Wolfskehl had decided to commit suicide at the stroke of midnight, but being a meticulous and precise person he had planned everything and had provided an adequate arrangement of his affairs and a salutation of his closest friends by means of letters. Wolfskehl had finished the preparations before midnight and in order to pass the time began to thumb through some texts on mathematics. In particular thumbing through the work of Kummer he noted an unproved assumption. If that assumption revealed itself in reality false perhaps it would have reopened the possibility of proving Fermat’s theorem with the method of Lamé or of Cauchy. Wolfskehl worked all night and finally succeeded in proving that the assumption was true and therefore the proof was correct. This was bad news for the mathematician but Wolfskehl was so happy to have been able to correct the great Kummer that he regained faith in himself. He abandoned the proposal of suicide and instead wrote a second will according to which he would have left a good part of his patrimony to whoever was able to prove Fermat’s theorem. The will became operative in 1908 and the Royal Society of Science of Göttingen became the organisation proposed for the verification of proofs that aspired to the prize. The prize was announced by all the European mathematical publications and thousands of aspiring mathematicians choked the university of Göttingen with presumed proofs of Fermat’s theorem. Unfortunately the prize did not attract many serious mathematicians, given that these were well aware of the extreme difficulty of the problem and therefore it did not produce a real turn-about in the field of mathematics, but it had the merit of rendering the problem of Fermat’s last theorem famous to the public at large.
# Field Guide/Animal Tracks

* Amphibians
* Birds
* Mammals
* Reptiles
# Fermat's Last Theorem/The Theorem
## The Last Theorem

Fermat's Last Theorem can be stated simply as follows:
    It is impossible to separate any power higher than the second into two like powers,
or, more precisely:
    If an integer n is greater than 2, then the equation a$^n$ + b$^n$ = c$^n$ has no solutions in non-zero integers a, b, and c.
If you let n = 2, the equation takes the form used in the Pythagorean Theorem.
Since this equation can be satisfied by non-zero integers, the requirement that n be greater than 2 is necessary.
# Fermat's Last Theorem/Pierre de Fermat
## Pierre de Fermat

Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665) - French Magistrate.
Although his work as a magistrate was very demanding, Fermat found the time to dedicate himself in a most profitable way to the study of Mathematics. Even though he was not a professional mathematician by training Fermat made important contributions in the study of functions and of the theory of numbers. Fermat conducted an intimate correspondence with various mathematicians of the era, but his natural reserve together with a notable reluctance in making known his discoveries resulted in his genius being discovered a long time after his death, when his son decided to collect his father’s papers and make them public. The famous enigma was idealised by Fermat while he was studying the Arithmetica of Diophantus of Alexandria, mathematician 212 A.D. to 298 A.D. Diophantus’ book collected together many elegant proofs of complete solutions to problems that mathematicians had faced over the course of centuries; reading the part concerning the Pythagorean triads, one supposes that Fermat may have had the idea of extending the power of 2 to a generic n. Fermat wrote in note in the book the enunciation of his famous theorem and then added:
    [I have discovered a truly marvellous proof of this, which however the margin is not large enough to contain.]

## The unresolved theorem

Fermat was accustomed to annotating his books: many theorems were found in their margins, generally without proof. The proof of these theorems was in some cases simple while in other cases it required hard work. The last theorem in fact takes its name from the fact of being the last of Fermat’s theorems to be proved, not from the fact of having been the last to be enunciated. To be precise, rather, its name was incorrect: until 1994 when it was proved, rather than a theorem it was strictly speaking a conjecture. The majority of mathematicians however used this name: in fact they held it true though not being able to prove it, given that the majority of the affirmations of Fermat had proved themselves true. It goes without saying that these facts are not sufficient to render a conjecture a theorem, but the majority of mathematicians in this particular case passed over this detail without too many problems.
# Field Guide

* Animal Tracks
* Bats
* Birds
* Clouds
* Constellations
* Frogs
* Insects
** Beetles
** Butterflies and Moths
** Caterpillars
** Dragonflies and Damselflies
* Mammals
* Mushrooms
* Newts and Salamanders
* Reptiles
* Rocks and Minerals
* Scat
* Scorpions
* Sea Mammals
* Sea Shells
* Sharks
* Snakes
* Snakes of Europe
* Spiders
* Plants
** Cacti
** Edible Wild Plants
** Mosses
** Lichens, Liverworts, and Mosses
** Trees
** Wildflowers