OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1905A00008/Research

Summary: Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 - FRLI: C1905A00008, Act No. 8 of 1905, assented to 18 October 1905

### Hansard Websites

Australian Parliament - Hansard 1901 to Present
Tim Sheratt's Historic Hansard - 1901 to 1980

### In-line Citations

* ↑ https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1905A00008
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1915A00033
## Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915

The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 simply and concisely amended the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 to substitute all instances of "The Postmaster-General" with a generic reference to "the Minister for the time being administering the Act". This was necessary to accommodate the imminent transfer of control of matters pertaining to wireless telegraphy from the Postmaster-General's Department to the Department of Navy, as deemed necessary by the Government as a result of the commencement of the First World War. But also in the future, any further transfer of wireless control to any other Department.

### Resources

A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Research - Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 - Summary of research to date
* FRLI - Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 - Transcription of the instrument from the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments
* Transcriptions and Notes - Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 - More than 10 transcriptions and notes, primarily from the NLA's Trove
* Photos and other graphics - Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 - Nothing uploaded as yet, no material identified as yet
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 - Coming real soon now!

### Internet Material

No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 and in the public domain have yet been identified
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1915A00033/FRLI
### WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

No. 33 of 1915.
An Act to amend the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905.
[Assented to 6th September, 1915.]
BE it enacted by the King’s Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows:—

#### Short title and citation.

1.—(1.) This Act may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915.
(2.) The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905, as amended by this Act, may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915.

#### Substitution of “Minister for the time being &c.” for “Postmaster-General.”

2. Sections four, five, and six of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 are amended by omitting the words “The Postmaster-General” and inserting in their stead the words “the Minister for the time being administering the Act”.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1916L00212

Summary:Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 C1916L00212 SR 1916 No. 212, 6 September 1916 (in operation 1 September 1916)

## Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916

The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War.

### Resources

A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1916 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Research - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - Summary of research to date
* FRLI - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - Transcription of the instrument from the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments
* Transcriptions and Notes - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - More than 10 transcriptions and notes, primarily from the NLA's Trove
* Photos and other graphics - Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - Nothing uploaded as yet, no material identified as yet
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 - Coming real soon now!

### Internet Material

No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 and in the public domain have yet been identified

### In-line Citations

* ↑ https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1916L00212
# How to Play Violin/Techniques

* Arco is when you play with the bow.
* Vibrato is the slight movement back and forth of the finger to produce a wavy sound.
* Tremolo is the rapid movement of the bow, marked by three slashes through the note.
* Trill is a rapid playing of the marked note and the note one step above, marked by a wavy line above the note.
* Col legno is when you tap the string with the wood of the bow.
* Pizzicato is when you pluck the strings.
* Slur is when you play multiple notes on one bowing, marked with a curving line connecting the slurred notes.
* Double stop Playing multiple notes, usually two at once. When a player plays across three or four strings, the chord will not sound exactly together.
# How to Play Violin/Violin

For violin playing, it is recommended that lessons are the best way to learn violin. Violin is one of the hardest instruments to play, let alone teach yourself to play. Consider this: you might consider using videos, CD-ROMs, or other such multi-media channels for violin instruction, but remember: this is only a one-way form of instruction.
If your elbow isn't positioned properly, a video cannot correct you. The violin can do serious damage to the body if played incorrectly. If you are teaching yourself to play, and have strain or pain in your wrist, neck, shoulder, or elbow, stop playing immediately and pay for a few lessons to have a teacher correct your technique. Proper technique early on can prevent serious injury.
# How to Play Violin/Parts of the Bow

* The Stick of the Bow is the base of the bow. Modern bows are made from Hardwood, such as pernambuco and brazilwood. Cheaper bow sticks can be made from fiberglass, carbon fiber, or simply cheaper wood.
* The Screw is at the end part of the bow. It is used to loosen and tighten the hair. The hair actually comes from a horse's tail. The color of horse hair is commonly white, some can be black as well. Some prefer a bit of a mix of black and white, known as "salt and pepper".
* The Tip is the sharp looking part found at the end of the stick. It's the most fragile part of the bow.
* The Frog is the heaviest part of the bow. It is the part where the screw is located. While playing the violin, the bow is held at the Frog part when it is moving across the strings.

### The Frog

* Most frogs on a bow have an in layer, the metal attachment with the bow hair to the left and the Frog to the right is the ferrule.
* Most frogs on a bow have an "eye". Which is basically a white dot in the middle of the Frog.
* The Pad and Wrapping on the stick part of a bow assists the player in playing and gives a cushion for the hand to rest when the bow is held properly.
# How to Play Violin/Parts of the Violin

* Front -- also called the top plate, table, or belly. It is the top of the violin when the strings are facing upward. The front is often carved from spruce.
* Back -- also called the back plate. This component is opposite the front. The back of the violin acts as a soundboard, resonating the vibrations from the instrument and bouncing the sound waves back to the front through the sound holes. The back is typically made of maple.
* Ribs -- are the walls connecting the front and back of the violin.
* Body -- of the violin refers to the front, back and ribs of the violin.
* Purflings -- are inlays running around the edge of the spruce top that provide some protection against cracks originating at the edge. It also allows the top to flex more independently from the rib structure.
* Scroll -- is the decoratively carved part above the pegbox.
* Pegbox -- holds the tuning pegs, and within it, each violin string is coiled around a tuning peg.
* Tuning Pegs -- are turned to tighten or loosen the violin string which raises or lowers the pitch of the string respectively. The tuning pegs are located on either side of the pegbox.
* Fingerboard -- is a wood piece under the strings that extends from the pegbox to the area before the bridge. A player's fingers press the string against the fingerboard to change the note being played.
* Neck -- is the area between the pegbox and the violin's body. A player's left hand reaches around the neck while playing.
* Bridge -- is a carved wood piece that suspends the violin's strings over the fingerboard. The top of the bridge, which holds the strings, is arced which allows the strings to be bowed individually. The bridge stands on two feet and has a heart-shaped hole in its center. It is set directly between the two center notches in the F-holes.
* F-Holes -- also called sound holes, they are f-shaped holes in the violin's front plate on either side of the bridge that allow the resonating sound inside the violin to escape.
* Tailpiece -- holds the strings. Its other end is attached to the button on the bottom of the violin. The tailpiece can be installed with fine tuners.
* Fine Tuner -- is a little screw mechanism that can be attached to the tailpiece and holds one end of a violin string. Fine tuners allow small adjustments to be made to the tension of the violin's strings in order to tune precisely. Not all violins have fine tuners installed. Advanced players may have a single fine tuner on the E string or none at all.
* Chinrest -- This is where the chin of the musician is placed. It is important to support the violin against the shoulder/collarbone of the musician. Chinrests can be made to be on either side of the tailpiece, or in the middle.
# How to Play Violin/Some Basic Music Theory

* Music theory is the study of the notes and symbols used when writing music and how they apply to playing. Generally, all instruments share much of the same concepts in music theory.
* Documents on which music are written are called sheet music. Sheet music that contains music for more than one instrument are called scores.
* Notes are written on five lines called a staff.
* Both the violin and the fiddle use the Treble Clef, which is used to write notes on higher-sounding instruments. The lines of the treble clef are from bottom to top: E, G, B, D, F; the spaces are from bottom to top: F, A, C, E. You can remember both of those with the following chant: Every Girl Buys Dad Fudge, tells what's on the treble line. F, A, C E, tells what's in the treble space.
* A time signature appears at the first line in every piece. It tells you how many beats are in a measure, and looks like a fraction; the top number tells you how many beats each measure has. Until a player steps up to the intermediate level, the bottom number will always be 4, and the longest measures will all have 4 beats.
* The type of note tells you how many beats it has. For example, most notes are quarter notes, which have one beat. A quarter note is filled in black and has a stem.
* Another example, a whole note is 4 beats, and is empty with no stem.
# How to Program a TI-83 Plus
## Table of Contents

* Foreword
* Intro
* Displaying Text
* Inputs
* Conditional Statements
* Authors & Contributors
# How to Program a TI-83 Plus/Authors & Contributors

This list is updated automatically by AuthorsAndContributorsBot. Please do not update it manually.
* Polyglotdawson (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* JackPotte (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
# How to Play Violin/Tips on Playing the Violin

* When holding the neck of your violin, ensure your wrist is curved and your posture is perfect in order to create a rich tone.
* Make sure your left wrist does not "collapse". You should support your violin with your neck and shoulder. Your left hand must be free to move, though you can bring your thumb underneath a bit to slightly counterbalance your fingers.
* Keep your fingernails trimmed short. This is important for a clear sound. You should depress the strings with the tips of your fingers on your left hand and you won't do that well with long fingernails. Also, a good vibrato will not be achieved with long fingernails.
* Hold the violin in a relaxed manner. The use of a shoulder rest will help. The shoulder rest prevents excessive tension in the shoulder.
* Keep your violin up high on your left shoulder with the scroll out to your left rather than directly out in front of you as this can make proper left hand positioning very difficult.
* Ensure that you look straight ahead, not down your strings as you play. This will have the effect that it's more the left side of your jawbone that rests on your "chinrest" than your chin.
* Your bow should move perpendicular to the strings. Lead your bow with your right wrist. The stick of the bow should be slightly tilted toward the fingerboard (away from your face).
* Be very careful to keep your pinky from "floating." Instead, make sure it's firmly on the nut or shaft of the bow but without being "buckled" or bent backwards.
* Your bow should move between the fingerboard and the bridge. When closer to the bridge, it will be louder. Play closer to the fingerboard to play more quietly. (For the beginner: the fingerboard is the long, black piece running down the center of the violin.)
* When playing quiet sections of music, keep using all the bow but press down lighter.
* Practice! Practice will help you progress because everything needs practice. 30 minutes is expected for young beginners. As a guide, college majors are recommended to practice roughly 2 to 4 hours per day. At least an hour a day should be expected as a bare minimum for serious practitioners.
# Horticulture/Glossary

This is a glossary of botanical and horticultural terms used in Horticulture.

## Bulb

A bulb is an underground plant organ used for storing food by certain monocots. While often called a root, bulbs are actually made up of modified leaves.

## Rhizome

Under ground modified stem (eg) Ginger and Turmeric

## Stolon

A Stolon is a modified stem which grows either beneath the soil or along the soil surface usually to root at the nodes.
# Horticulture/Gourd Family
## Vegetables in the Gourd Family

These crops are actually fruits in the botanical sense, but are more often considered vegetables.

### Cucumber

    The cucumber is the edible fruit of the cucumber plant Cucumis sativus. The plant has been cultivated for 3000 years and is widely cultivated today. The cucumber plant has large leaves that form a canopy over the fruit. The vine is grown on the ground or on trellises, often in greenhouses.

### Summer Squash

    The summer squashes are the fruits of the squash plant Cucurbita pepo.

### Winter Squash

    The winter squashes are the fruits of one of 3 species of squash plants Cucurbita maxima, C.moschata, and C. pepo.
# Horticulture/Geranium

Cranesbills, Hardy Geraniums :
| Genus: | Geranium |
| Family: | Geraniaceae |
The cranesbills or "Hardy Geraniums" make up the genus Geranium 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in the eastern part of the Mediterranean.
Confusingly, "geranium" is also the common name of members of the genus Pelargonium, which were formerly classified in the cranesbill genus. In the United States, true Geraniums are frequently distinguished from the less hardy Pelargoniums as (rather redundantly) "hardy geraniums" by gardeners and in the horticultural trade. One can make the distinction between the two by looking at the flowers : Geranium has symmetrical flowers, while Pelargonium has irregular or maculate petals. Other former members of the genus are now classified in genus Erodium, including the plants known as filarees in North America.
One species of Geranium, Geranium viscosissimum is considered to be protocarnivorous.

## Description

The name "cranesbill" derives from the appearance of the seed-heads, which have the same shape as the bill of a Crane. The genus name is derived from the Greek word geranos, meaning 'crane'. The long, palmately cleft leaves are broadly circular in form. Their rose, pink to blue or white flowers have 5 petals.

## Growing conditions

Well drained soils, light requirements vary by species.

## Varieties

w:List of cranesbill species

## Uses

Most Geraniums are grown as ground covers, or as fillers in herbaceous and mixed borders.

## Maintenance

Deadhead both to encourage rebloom and prevent self-seeding (many species can become quite weedy).

## Propagation

Propagation is by semi-ripe cuttings in summer, by seed or by division in autumn or spring.

## Pests and diseases

Caterpillars
* Brown-tail
* Mouse Moth

## Gallery

* Geranium platypetalum
* Geranium sanguineum
* Johnson's Blue, garden hybrid of Geranium pratense
* Geranium maderense

## References

* Genus Geranium in North America : the annuals
* Genus geranium in North America: the perennials
# Horticulture/Girdling

Girdling is a technique for killing unwanted trees or large shrubs by cutting through the cambium layer around the circumference of the trunk.
This page is a stub entry in Horticulture. Please see the Manual of Style for guidelines on how to expand it.
# Horticulture/Geranium maculatum

Spotted Geranium :
| Binomial: | Geranium maculatum |
| Family: | Geraniaceae |
Geranium maculatum, the Spotted Geranium, Wood Geranium, or Wild Geranium is a woodland perennial plant native to eastern North America, from southern Manitoba and southwestern Quebec south to Alabama and west to Oklahoma and South Dakota. It grows in dry to moist woods and is normally abundant when found.
It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing to 60 cm tall, producing upright usually unbranched stems and flowers in spring to early summer. The leaves are palmately lobed with five or seven deeply cut lobes, 10–12.5 cm broad, with a petiole up to 30 cm long arising from the rootstock. They are deeply parted into three or five divisions, each of which is again cleft and toothed. The flowers are 2.5–4 cm diameter, with five rose-purple, pale or violet-purple (rarely white) petals and ten stamens; they appear from April to June in loose clusters of two to five at the top of the stems. The fruit capsule, which springs open when ripe, consists of five cells each containing one seed joined to a long beak-like column 2–3 cm long (resembling a crane's bill) produced from the center of the old flower. The rhizome is long, and 5 to 10 cm thick, with numerous branches. The rhizomes are covered with scars, showing the remains of stems of previous years growth. When dry it has a somewhat purplish color internally. Plants go dormant in early summer after seed is ripe and dispersed.
The plant has been used in herbal medicine, and is also grown as a garden plant.

## References

* ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Geranium maculatum
* 1 2 BorealForest: Geranium maculatum
* ↑ Missouriplants: Geranium maculatum
* ↑ Gleason, H. A. (1952). The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, Vol. 2, page 457. Hafner Press, New York. 63-16478.
* ↑ Plants for a Future: Geranium maculatum
# Horticulture/Grazing as a Weed Control

While not appropriate for garden situations, the use of animals for weed control is sometimes appropriate for wooded areas, meadows, and even lawns. Goats, sheep, and rabbits can be used for this purpose.
This page is a stub entry in Horticulture. Please see the Manual of Style for guidelines on how to expand it.
# Guadeloupe

* Guadeloupe is an overseas department or region of France with full political integration into the mother country.
* The meter stamps are identical to those used in continental France and differ only in the contents of the town marks. See FRANCE/Annex for more information.
# Guinea

* The Republic of Guinea gained its independence in 1959. All stamps have REPUBLIQUE DU GUINEE in the frank. For meter stamps that came into use before 1959, see FRENCH WEST AFRICA.
1. Satas “D” (MV). [$25]
    Upright frank with simulated-perforation outer border with breaks in the sides.
    M# with “SD” prefix.
    TM: straight line
    V/F: ★000F
2. Havas “M” (MV), 1961. [$25]
    Wide frank with double outer frame line.
                                                                         A. M# with “M” prefix
                                                                         B. M# with “MG” prefix
    TM: straight-line
    V/F: ★000F
3. Satas (MV), 1996 or earlier.
    Post Office stamp.
    Frank similar to Type 1 but slightly wider and without breaks in the sides.
    "POSTES" at bottom above the meter number is straight rather than curved
    Two meters reported, numbers G1842 and SJ 1844.
    TM: SC
    V/F: 000 oo
# Haiti

Meter stamps from this adhesive-stamp issuing country are not known to exist.
# Honduras

* The first meter stamps seen are from 1961. All stamps inscribed “HONDURAS”.
* NOTE that catalog values are provided with caution. The stamps are not common, but demand is light.
1. Satas “P” (MV), 1961. [$20]
    Upright frank with single line, simulated perforation border broken at center of sides.
    Hour figure between TM and frank.
    TM: SC
    V/F: 00.oo
2. Pitney Bowes “R” (MV), 1963. [$5]
    Frank without outer border.
    Coat of Arms between TM and value box.
    Value box with lines at bottom and sides.
    L# with “Lic” prefix below coat of arms.
    One flower at top left and another at top right of TM.
    TM: SC
                                           V/F: ≋00:
3. Pitney Bowes “5300” (MV), 1966. [$5]
    Similar to Type 2 but without lines at sides of value box, and with two flowers at top left of TM.
    L# with “Lic” prefix.
    TM: SC
    V/F: ≋00 ≋.00 ≋0.00
4. Pitney Bowes-GB “5300” (MV), 1972. [$5]
    With lines at sides of value box as with Type 2, but with two flowers at top left of TM, as with Type 3.
    TM: DC
    V/F: ≋0.00
# Guinea-Bissau

* Guinea-Bissau gained its independence from Portugal on 10 September, 1974. The stamps are inscribed GUINE-BISSAU, both with and without the hyphen.
1. Hasler “Mailmaster” (MV), 1992. [$20]
    Post Office stamp.
    Horizontal single-line rectangular frank with “CORREIOS” at top, the “C” of which is made up of small envelopes.
    Country name at bottom.
    M# with “H” prefix at center left, two meters known: H-1 and H-2.
    TM: DC
    V/F: 0000.0
2. Hasler “Mailmaster” (MV). [$20]
    Post Office stamp.
    Horizontal, single line rectangle with inner box around value figures.
    “CORREOS DE” above value box and country name below.
    Large star at center left.
    M# without prefix at lower left.
    TM: DC
    V/F: 000.00