OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Occupational Health

Occupational health deals with issues related to health states and diseases that are results of exposure to different factors in occupations, and work environment. This text will provide a brief overview of the field. The text will include chapters on industrial hygiene, occupational health services, safety training and related issues, occupational illnesses, occupational hygiene, safety audits, safety inspections, risk analysis (including HAZOP hazard and operability studies and fault tree analyses), work permits, preplacement examination protocols, periodic examination of workers, diseases due to specific agents in workplaces, and other issues. One of the encouragingly social impact topics.
Since it will take some time to develop, it will be written in bits and pieces. Please feel free to change as you like.

## Contents

* Definitions
* Occupational Hygiene - Summary of the field
* Occupational Health Services
* Safety Training
* Occupational Illnesses - Long-term diseases and pathogens
   * Occupational Injury - Rapid onset
* Safety Audits
* Safety Inspections
* Risk Analysis
** Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)
** Fault Tree Analyses
* Work Permits
* Preplacement Examination Protocols
* Diseases Due to Specific Agents in Workplaces
* Other Issues
* Contributors and Sources

## Medical Disclaimer

Wikibooks contains books on many medical topics; however, no warranty whatsoever is made that any of the books are accurate. There is absolutely no assurance that any statement contained or cited in a book touching on medical matters is true, correct, precise, or up-to-date. The overwhelming majority of such books are written, in part or in whole, by nonprofessionals. Even if a statement made about medicine is accurate, it may not apply to you or your symptoms.
The medical information provided on Wikibooks is, at best, of a general nature and cannot substitute for the advice of a medical professional (for instance, a qualified doctor/physician, nurse, pharmacist/chemist, and so on). Wikibooks is not a doctor.
None of the individual contributors, system operators, developers, sponsors of Wikibooks nor anyone else connected to Wikibooks can take any responsibility for the results or consequences of any attempt to use or adopt any of the information presented on this web site.
Nothing on Wikibooks.org or included as part of any project of Wikimedia Foundation Inc., should be construed as an attempt to offer or render a medical opinion or otherwise engage in the practice of medicine.
# Obstetrics and Gynecology/Menstrual Disorders
## Dysmenorrhea
### Definition

* Pain on menstruation.

### Epidemiology

* Over 70% of women experience dysmenorrhea at some point.

### Etiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology

Primary dysmenorrhea
* Results from production of prostaglandins within 48 hours of menstruation that stimulates the myometrial cells to contract.
Secondary dysmenorrhea
* The result of a pathologic condition
** Endometriosis, adenomyosis, cervical stenosis, vaginitis, psychological disturbance

### Management

* Birth control pill
* GnRH analogues
* NSAIDs (effective in 80% of women)

## Amenorrhea
### Definitions

* Primary amenorrhea: failure to menstruate by 16 years of age with secondary sexual characteristics; failure to menstruate by 14 years of age without sexual characteristics; failure to mensturate with 2 years of sexual maturation.
* Secondary amenorrhea: failure to menstruate for 6 months with formerly normal menses; oligomenorrhea with less than 9 cycles per year.

### Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Risk Factors for Amenorrhea

Etiologies include
* Müllerian agenesis (MRKH syndrome) in 10%
* Androgen insensitivity in 5%
* Imperforate hymen in 0.1%
* Transverse vaginal septum in 1/80000
* Ashermann's syndrome
* Enzymatic deficiency
* Premature ovarian failure
* Pituitary tumours
* FSH/LH mutations
* Pituitary space-occupying lesions
* Pituitary necrosis
* Inflammatory/infiltrative pituitary disease
* Pharmacologic prolactin stimulators
* Stress induced amenorrhea
* Isolated gonadotropin deficiency
* Infections
* Chronic disease
* Hypothalamic tumours
* Adrenal, thyroid, ovarian endocrine disease
* Metastatic carcinoma

### Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Approach

* Pregnancy must always be excluded.
* Measure FSH and prolactin
** If FSH is low or normal
*** Chronic anovulation
*** Anatomic defect (Müllerian agenesis)
** If FSH is elevated
*** Ovarian failure
** If prolactin is elevated
*** MRI head for prolactinoma
* Karyotyping may be performed for the following indications
** High FSH in a patient under 30 years of age
** Height <147cm
** Ambiguous genitalia (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
** Absent uterus

### Management

Primary amenorrhea
* Restore ovulation with estrogen and progesterone
* Reassurance
Secondary amenorrhea
* Treat the underlying cause
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Lickilicky
## Description

A bipedal pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Normal type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Lickilicky: fighting Moves that deal 0% of their damage to Lickilicky: ghost

## How to Evolve

Evolves from Lickitung.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Latios
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 381
* Johto Index: 381
* Hoenn Index: 197
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 2m/6'7"
* Weight: 60kg/132.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 100% Male
* Ability: Levitate
* Type: Dragon/Psychic
* Species: Eon
* Egg Group: Unbreedable
* Hatch Steps: 30720
* Catch Rate: 3
* Base Experience: 211
* Max Experience: 1250000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 80 | 90 | 80 | 110 | 130 | 110 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 364 | 306 | 284 | 350 | 394 | 350 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Latios:Bug, Dark, Dragon, Ghost, Ice Move types which are bad on Latios: Electric, Fighting, Fire, Grass, Psychic, Water
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Latios.

## Moveset

| Level | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Psywave | Psywave |
| 5 | Memento | Memento |
| 10 | Helping Hand | Helping Hand |
| 15 | Safeguard | Safeguard |
| 20 | Dragonbreath | Dragonbreath |
| 25 | Protect | Protect |
| 30 | Refresh | Refresh |
| 35 | Luster Purge | Luster Purge |
| 40 | Psychic | Psychic |
| 45 | Recover | Recover |
| 50 | Dragon Dance | Dragon Dance |

### TM/HM

* RS/FL: Aerial Ace, Attract, Calm Mind, Cut, Dive, Double Team, Dragon Claw, Earthquake, Facade, Flash, Fly, Frustration, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Ice Beam, Light Screen, Protect, Psychic, Rain Dance, Reflect, Rest, Return, Roar, Safeguard, Sandstorm, Secret Power, Shadow Ball, Shock Wave, Solarbeam, Steel Wing, Sunny Day, Surf, Thunder, Thunderbolt, Toxic, Water Pulse, Waterfall

## Trading Cards

* EX Dragon #94 - Latios ex
* EX Deoxys #106 - Latios ☆
* EX Delta Species #9 - Latios
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Leafeon
## Description

A plantlike quadraped pokemon.

## Base Statistics

A Grass type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Leafeon: fire, ice, poison, flying, bug Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Leafeon: water, grass, electric, ground

## How to Evolve

Leafeon evolves from Eevee. In some games this can be done with a leaf stone.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Larvesta
## Description

A larva-like Pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Bug and Fire type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 400% of their damage to Larvesta: rock Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Larvesta: flying, water Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Larvesta: fighting, ice, bug, steel, fairy Moves that deal 25% of their damage to Larvesta: grass
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Latias
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 380
* Johto Index: 380
* Hoenn Index: 196
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 1.4m/4'7"
* Weight: 40kg/88.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 100% Female
* Ability: Levitate
* Type: Dragon/Psychic
* Species: Eon
* Egg Group: Unbreedable
* Hatch Steps: 30720
* Catch Rate: 3
* Base Experience: 211
* Max Experience: 1250000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 80 | 80 | 90 | 110 | 110 | 130 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 364 | 284 | 306 | 350 | 350 | 394 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Latias:Bug, Dark, Dragon, Ghost, Ice Move types which are bad on Latias: Electric, Fighting, Fire, Grass, Psychic, Water
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Latias.

## Moveset

| Level | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Psywave | Psywave |
| 5 | Wish | Wish |
| 10 | Helping Hand | Helping Hand |
| 15 | Safeguard | Safeguard |
| 20 | Dragonbreath | Dragonbreath |
| 25 | Water Sport | Water Sport |
| 30 | Refresh | Refresh |
| 35 | Mist Ball | Mist Ball |
| 40 | Psychic | Psychic |
| 45 | Recover | Recover |
| 50 | Charm | Charm |

### TM/HM

* RS/FL: Aerial Ace, Attract, Calm Mind, Cut, Dive, Double Team, Dragon Claw, Earthquake, Facade, Flash, Fly, Frustration, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Ice Beam, Light Screen, Protect, Psychic, Rain Dance, Reflect, Rest, Return, Roar, Safeguard, Sandstorm, Secret Power, Shadow Ball, Shock Wave, Solarbeam, Steel Wing, Sunny Day, Surf, Thunder, Thunderbolt, Toxic, Water Pulse, Waterfall

## Trading Cards

* EX Dragon #93 - Latias ex
* EX Deoxys #105 - Latias ☆
* EX Delta Species #8 - Latias
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Lechonk
## Description

A black piglike Pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A normal type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Lechonk: fighting Moves that deal 0% of their damage to Lechonk: ghost

## How to Evolve

Lechonk evolves into Oinkologne.

## Notes

Introduced in Pokémon Scarlet and Violet.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Ledyba
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 165
* Johto Index: 30
* Hoenn Index: 320
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 1m/3'3"
* Weight: 10.8kg/24.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Swarm/Early Bird
* Type: Bug/Flying
* Species: Five Star
* Egg Group: Bug
* Hatch Steps: 3840
* Catch Rate: 255
* Base Experience: 54
* Max Experience: 800000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 40 | 20 | 30 | 55 | 40 | 80 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 40 | 20 | 30 | 55 | 40 | 80 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 283 | 138 | 158 | 208 | 178 | 258 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 284 | 152 | 174 | 229 | 196 | 284 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are very good on Ledyba: Rock Move types which are good on Ledyba: Electric, Fire, Flying, Ice Move types which are bad on Ledyba: Bug Move types which are very bad on Ledyba: Fighting, Grass
Move types which don't effect Ledyba: Ground
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Ledyba.

## How to Evolve

Ledyba evolves at level 18.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Tackle | Tackle | Tackle | Tackle |
| 8 | Supersonic | Supersonic | Supersonic | Supersonic |
| 15 | Comet Punch | Comet Punch | Comet Punch | Comet Punch |
| 22 | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard |
| 29 | Baton Pass | Baton Pass | Baton Pass | Baton Pass |
| 36 | Swift | Swift | Swift | Swift |
| 43 | Agility | Agility | Agility | Agility |
| 50 | Double-Edge | Double-Edge | Double-Edge | Double-Edge |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Dig, Double Team, Flash, Frustration, Giga Drain, Hidden Power, Protect, Rest, Return, Solarbeam, Sunny Day, Thief, Toxic
* GS/C: Curse, Dynamicpunch, Endure, Headbutt, Ice Punch, Rollout, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Sweet Scent, Swift, Thunderpunch
* RS/FL: Aerial Ace, Brick Break, Facade, Focus Punch, Light Screen, Reflect, Safeguard, Secret Power

### Breeding

* GS/C/RS/FL: Bide, Psybeam
* GS/C: Light Screen
* RS/FL: Silver Wind

## Trading Cards

* Neo Genesis #63 - Ledyba
* Neo Genesis #70 - Ledyba
* Skyridge #72 - Ledyba
* Skyridge #73 - Ledyba
* EX Team Rocket Returns #64 - Ledyba
| Basic: Ledyba | Stage 1: Ledian | (No Stage 2) |
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Larvitar
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 246
* Johto Index: 244
* Hoenn Index: 381
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 0.6m/2'0"
* Weight: 72kg/159.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Guts
* Type: Rock/Ground
* Species: Rock Skin
* Egg Group: Monster
* Hatch Steps: 10240
* Catch Rate: 45
* Base Experience: 67
* Max Experience: 1250000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 50 | 64 | 50 | 41 | 45 | 50 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 50 | 64 | 50 | 41 | 45 | 50 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 303 | 226 | 198 | 180 | 188 | 198 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 304 | 249 | 218 | 199 | 207 | 218 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are very good on Larvitar: Water, Grass Move types which are good on Larvitar: Fighting, Ground, Ice, Steel Move types which are bad on Larvitar: Fire, Flying, Normal, Rock Move types which are very bad on Larvitar: Poison Move types which don't effect Larvitar: Electric
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Larvitar.

## How to Evolve

Larvitar evolves at level 30.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Bite Leer | Bite Leer | Bite Leer | Bite Leer |
| 8 | Sandstorm | Sandstorm | Sandstorm | Sandstorm |
| 15 | Screech | Screech | Screech | Screech |
| 22 | Rock Slide | Rock Slide | Rock Slide | Rock Slide |
| 29 | Thrash | Thrash | Thrash | Thrash |
| 36 | Scary Face | Scary Face | Scary Face | Scary Face |
| 43 | Crunch | Crunch | Crunch | Crunch |
| 50 | Earthquake | Earthquake | Earthquake | Earthquake |
| 57 | Hyper Beam | Hyper Beam | Hyper Beam | Hyper Beam |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Dig, Double Team, Earthquake, Frustration, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Protect, Rain Dance, Rest, Return, Sandstorm, Sunny Day, Toxic
* GS/C: Curse, Detect, Endure, Headbutt, Mud-Slap, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger
* RS/FL: Brick Break, Facade, Rock Smash, Secret Power, Taunt, Torment

### Breeding

* GS/C/RS/FL: Ancientpower, Focus Energy, Outrage, Pursuit, Stomp
* RS/FL: Curse, Dragon Dance

## Trading Cards

* Neo Discovery #57 - Larvitar
* Neo Destiny #69 - Larvitar
* Expedition #116 - Larvitar
* Aquapolis #89 - Larvitar
* EX Team Rocket Returns #62 - Larvitar
* EX Team Rocket Returns #63 - Larvitar
| Basic: Larvitar | Stage 1: Pupitar | Stage 2: Tyranitar |
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Ledian
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 166
* Johto Index: 31
* Hoenn Index: 321
* Stage: Stage 1
* Height: 1.4m/4'7"
* Weight: 35.6kg/78.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Swarm/Early Bird
* Type: Bug/Flying
* Species: Five Star
* Egg Group: Bug
* Hatch Steps: 3840
* Catch Rate: 90
* Base Experience: 134
* Max Experience: 800000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 55 | 35 | 50 | 85 | 55 | 110 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 55 | 35 | 50 | 85 | 55 | 110 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 313 | 168 | 198 | 268 | 208 | 318 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 314 | 185 | 218 | 295 | 229 | 350 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are very good on Ledian: Rock Move types which are good on Ledian: Electric, Fire, Flying, Ice Move types which are bad on Ledian: Bug Move types which are very bad on Ledian: Fighting, Grass
Move types which don't effect Ledian: Ground
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Ledian.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Tackle Supersonic | Tackle Supersonic | Tackle Supersonic | Tackle Supersonic |
| 8 | Supersonic | Supersonic | Supersonic | Supersonic |
| 15 | Comet Punch | Comet Punch | Comet Punch | Comet Punch |
| 24 | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard | Light Screen Reflect Safeguard |
| 33 | Baton Pass | Baton Pass | Baton Pass | Baton Pass |
| 42 | Swift | Swift | Swift | Swift |
| 51 | Agility | Agility | Agility | Agility |
| 60 | Double-Edge | Double-Edge | Double-Edge | Double-Edge |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Dig, Double Team, Flash, Frustration, Giga Drain, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Protect, Rest, Return, Solarbeam, Sunny Day, Thief, Toxic
* GS/C: Curse, Dynamicpunch, Endure, Headbutt, Ice Punch, Rollout, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Sweet Scent, Swift, Thunderpunch
* RS/FL: Aerial Ace, Brick Break, Facade, Focus Punch, Light Screen, Reflect, Safeguard, Secret Power

### Evolution

* GS/C/RS/FL: Bide, Psybeam
* GS/C: Light Screen
* RS/FL: Silver Wind

## Trading Cards

* Neo Genesis #39 - Ledian
* Neo Destiny #24 - Light Ledian
* Skyridge #H14 - Ledian
* Skyridge #15 - Ledian
* EX Team Rocket Returns #23 - Ledian
| Basic: Ledyba | Stage 1: Ledian | (No Stage 2) |
# Practical Electronics/IC/4008

4008 :
| Logic Type | Combinatorial |
| Function Family | Arithmetic (Adder) |
| Description | 4-Bit Binary Full Adder |
| Pins | 16 |
| Pinout ||
| Functional Diagram ||
The 4008 is a 4-bit full adder that takes two 4-bit binary numbers, A[3:0] and B[3:0] and carry-in signal, C$_{in}$ and adds them to produce a 5-bit result, made up of a sum, S[3:0] and a carry-out.
Thr 4008 uses full carry lookahead to generate the carry-out bit. This means that when several 4008s are used in ripple configuration, the inter-chip carries are generated that they would be if one had to wait for the previous chips's summation to complete. While not as fast as full lookahead across all bits, this is significantly faster than a plain ripple counter would be.
Truth table of a single adder (1 of 4) :
| C$_{in}$ | A | B | C$_{out}$ | S |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
# Practical Electronics/IC/4011

4011 :
| IC Family | CMOS |
| Function Family | Logic |
| Description | Quad 2-Input NAND Gate |
| Pins | 14 |
| Pinout ||
| Functional Diagram ||
| Basic TTL Counterpart | 7400 |
| Truth Table (One Gate) ||
| AB Q 00 1 01 1 10 1 11 0 ||
The 4011 is a member of the 4000 Series CMOS range, and contains four independent NAND gates, each with two inputs. The pinout diagram, given on the right, is the standard two-input CMOS logic gate IC layout:
* Pin 7 is the negative supply
* Pin 14 is the positive supply
* Pins 1&2, 5&6, 8&9, 12&13 are gate inputs
* Pins 3, 4, 10, 11 are gate outputs
The truth table for one of the four gates is shown to the right. For more information about the NAND gate in general, see this module.
This chip is widely available, and usually comes in a DIL-14 or SOIC-14 package.
This chip is different in pinout to the TTL 7400, but can fulfill its function if the wiring is modified.
# Practical Electronics/IC/4002

4002 :
| Logic Type | Combinatorial |
| Function Family | Logic |
| Description | Dual 4-Input NOR Gate |
| Pins | 14 |
| Pinout ||
| Functional Diagram ||
The 4002 is a member of the 4000 Series CMOS range, and contains two independent NOR gates, each with four inputs. The pinout diagram, given on the right, is the standard four-input CMOS logic gate IC layout:
   * Pin 7 is the ground supply (GND)
   * Pin 14 is the positive supply (V$_{DD}$)
   * Pins 2-5 and 9-12 are gate inputs for the two gates
   * Pin 1 and 13 are gate outputs
   * Pin 6 and 8 are not connected
The truth table for one of the two gates is shown below. For more information about the NOR gate in general, see this module.
| A | B | C | D | Q |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
This chip is widely available, and usually comes in a DIL-14 or SOIC-14 package.
This chip is different in pinout to the TTL 7425, but can fulfill its function if the wiring is modified.