OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Transportation Systems Simulation - A Tutorial for Multi-Modal Simulation Using VISSIM/Freeway: Improving Results

After the first simulation, you may have encountered unusual behavior. VISSIM v7 has tools to adjust a few driving parameters.

## Adjusting Driving Behavior

Every link and connector can have a unique Behavior Type. Under “Network Objects” Right Click “Links” and Select “Show List” (see Figure below). A new window will appear below the network editor. All Links and Connectors by default should be “Urban (motorized)” as the “LinkBehavType”.
TIP: VISSIM uses two types of models: Wiedemann 74 and Wiedemann 99.
       Wiedemann 74 is suitable for urban traffic and merging
       Wiedemann 99 is suitable freeway traffic with no merging
       You may need to change the “LinkBehavType” for some or all links/connectors
WARNING: Run the simulation first with default values. Only make the following adjustments if the first simulation does not accurately represent highway traffic behavior.

## Wiedemann Model (Following)

* To adjust specific parameters for each Wiedemann model, Select Base Data > Driving Behaviors from the top toolbar (see Figure below)
* A new “Driving Behavior” window will appear below the Network Editor
* Right Click your desired CarFollowModType and select “Edit…”
* A new window will appear and only adjust the following parameters
“Following” tab and Car following model: Wiedemann 74
* Look ahead distance
* Look back distance
* Average standstill distance
“Following” tab and Car following model: Wiedemann 99 (Figure 44)
* Look ahead distance
* Look back distance
* CC0 (Standstill Distance)
* CC1 (Headway Time)
* CC2 (‘Following’ Variation)
TIP: Only change parameter values in small increments if necessary. The table below shows the default value and the Suggested Range for each parameter.
CC0 (Standstill Distance): the average desired standstill distance between two vehicles or the desired rear-bumper to front-bumper distance (feet) between stopped vehicles, as shown in the Figure below.
CC1 (Headway Time): is the gap (seconds) which a driver wants to maintain at a certain speed. The higher the value, the more cautious the driver is as shown in Figure 46. Desired Safety Distance = CC1 +CCO.
CC2 (Following Variation): is the longitudinal oscillation during following conditions. It defines the additional distance (feet) from the desired safety distance a driver allows before he intentionally moves closer to the car in front. (see Figure below)

## Wiedemann Model (Lane Change)

* “Lane Change” tab and General behavior: “Free lane selection” or “Slow lane rule”
* Check the “Cooperative lane change” box (see Figure below)
WARNING: It is not recommended to adjust Lane Change parameters until all previous steps have been attempted.
After adjusting a few Driving Behavior Parameters, run the simulation again and calculate the GEH with your new Simulation volumes. Only adjust Driving Behavior Parameters one at a time and by 10% to 25%.
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# Introduction

House work is something that everyone in the world has to deal with. Whether that means doing it yourself, relying on a spouse or parent or other family member to do it for you, or paying a professional housekeeper to do it.
# The Holocaust/Perpetrators and collaborators

The killings were authorized by Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler, the main men responsible for the Holocaust and the two most powerful Nazi leaders. A mass of evidence suggests that sometime in the fall of 1941, Himmler and Hitler agreed in principle on the complete mass extermination of the Jews of Europe by gassing, with Hitler explicitly ordering the "annihilation of the Jews" in a speech on December 12, 1941. Prior to this, Himmler had methodically planned out the Holocaust and then told Hitler of the "Final Solution" plan, which Hitler agreed to. Having gotten approval to put his plan into motion, Himmler quickly began a programme of systematic state-sponsored murder of Jews, Gypsies, Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, homosexuals, people with disabilities, Jehovah's Witnesses and other political and religious opponents, which occurred regardless of whether they were of German or non-German ethnic origin. Himmler also ordered the Einsatzgruppen ("task forces") to be formed. These were were death squads which went by foot murdering Jews, Poles, Soviets, and just about anyone resisting Nazi rule. Anyone who escaped concentration or extermination camps were hunted down by these death squads.
As to who knew of the mass murders, the concentration and extermination camps, the death squads, and medical experiments that were going on is debatable. Certainly, Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler knew about everything that was happening. Hermann Göring is another high ranking Nazi official who knew, but didn't always approve of Himmler's ruthlessness. While Himmler was intent on murdering all "inferior sub-humans", Göring had always maintained that using the people for slave labor was far more beneficial to the Third Reich. Other Nazi's that knew of the killings were those directly subservient to Heinrich Himmler such as Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Reinhard Heydrich, Adolf Eichmann, Odilo Globocnik, and many SS doctors, guards and officers that worked directly in the camps like Rudolf Höss, Josef Mengele, and many others. The German people as a whole may not have known exactly the degree of mass murder that was going on, but most Germans were aware that non-Germans, especially Jews, were being taken away and persecuted. Most Germans turned a blind eye, and yet many others approved of the persecution of the Jews.
# The Housework Manual
## Table of contents

* Introduction

### Laundry

* Bringing in the Dry Laundry
* Separation and Washing

### The Kitchen

This is the place where most of our food is prepared and it needs to be kept spotlessly clean, otherwise we will have many diseases affecting us.
* Washing Dishes
# The Housework Manual/Laundry/Bringing in the Dry Laundry

A simple way to save time in bringing in dry washing is to do two things instead of simply unpegging clothes and throwing them in the basket:
* Sort the garments by unpegging them in some meaningful order or grouping, such as by room of the house and/or drawer they belong in. This saves you time, because you don't need to worry about sorting these out later, nor do you need to run between rooms in the house later when putting them away.
* Fold the garments as you put them in the basket. If you're spending the time actually handling these garments, you may as well fold them as you handle them. If folding was postponed instead, a lot of the time spent folding would be in picking garments up and putting them down, it would be a doubling of effort in those actions. Why not get the folding done as you're handling them by taking them off the clothes line anyway. This has the added advantage of saving room in your washing basket too, as folded clothes would presumably occupy less volume then unfolded clothes.
# Structural Biochemistry/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin B12
## Introduction

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a vitamin that is water soluble and has a key role in ensuring that the brain and the nervous system functions normally. It is also essential for the formation of blood. It is usually involved in the metabolism or all cells within the human body and it affects DNA synthesis and regulation. Vitamin B12 is noted as the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin. It is typically produced industrially through bacterial fermentation-synthesis.

## Medical Usage

Vitamin B12 is utilized to treat hereditary deficiency of transcobalamin II, cyanide poisoning, and vitamin B12 deficiency. It is also provided to detect pernicious anemia through the Schilling test. A sufficient amount of vitamin B12 levels can effectively protect elders from brain atrophy or shrinkage, which is linked to Alzheimer’s disease and impairment in cognitive function.
Typically, the recommended intake for vitamin B12 is approximately 2 to 3 micrograms per day. It is usually taken orally in amounts that do not exceed the recommended dietary allowance.

## Adverse Effects

* Even after an intake of enormous amounts, vitamin B12 does not necessarily appear harmful to individuals who are healthy due to its low toxicity.
* Treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency can result in the unmasking of polycythemia vera, which can be described as an increase in blood volume and red blood cells. Using vitamin B12 to correct megaloblastic anemia can cause fatal gout and hypokalemia.
* Vitamin B12 is contraindicated in early Leber’s disease. Leber’s disease is a hereditary optic nerve atrophy.

## References

* Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, et al. (2006). "Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease".The New England Journal of Medicine 354
* Yamada K, et al. (2008) "Degradation of vitamin B12 in dietary supplements." Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 78 (4-5): 195-203.
# Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions occur everyday in life, in our body, in the atmosphere, in oceans, etc. Understanding chemical reactions helps scientists understand how things works, such as how photosynthesis is achieved to something as simple as how NaCl (table salt) is made. Several factors effect the rate of chemical reactions such as concentration of reactants, pressure, temperature, catalyst, nature of reactants, orientation of reacting species, surface area, intensity of light, and nature of solvent. In general a chemical reaction will either be exothermic, releasing energy, or endothermic, gaining energy.
Factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions
Concentration
The more concentration of reactants one has the faster it will go, meaning the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants. It will go faster because there is a higher probability for the reactants to collide and interact with each other. Equation: rate (r)= c^n, where c=concentration and n=order of the reaction.
Pressure
This mainly affects the rate of reaction in gasses. In is very similar to the concentration that is if you increase the partial pressure of the gasses there is a higher probability for the gas molecules to collide and react.
Temperature
This affects the rate of reaction because the average kinetic energy of the molecules is higher thus there will be a higher frequency of the molecules to collide and react with one another.
Catalyst
Catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. It is not consumed or changed throughout the reaction.
Nature of reactants In general ionic bonds are formed faster than covalent bonds because in covalent compounds there has to be a bond breakage that will slow down the entire reaction, whereas in ionic bond it is more or less a substitution of ions.
Orientation of Reacting species If the reactants are more complex it will make it difficult and lower the probability for the reactants to collide with the correct orientation for the reaction to occur. Opposing that is simple reactants where the probability for the reactants to collide with the correct orientation is high. Therefore complex reactants will have a slower reaction time than simple reactants because the probability for the reactants to collide in the correct orientation and react is low.
Reference
http://www.adichemistry.com/physical/kinetics/factors/factors-affecting-rate-reaction.html
# Structural Biochemistry/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin B

Vitamin B is a group of vitamins that are able to be water dissolved. Usually, people thought vitamin B was one vitamin but in actuality vitamin B is a group of vitamins such as vitamin B12 and vitamin B6. These can be just called vitamin B complexes. Vitamin B is found in unprocessed foods because processed foods have lowered vitamin B. It has something to due with the creation. Vitamin B complexes are essential for overall health. They help promote growth and development throughout the body. Vitamin B complexes play a large roll in structural biochemistry in that it is needed for enzymes and proteins to control the chemical reactions in the body. This helps turn food into energy. Low vitamin B count can lead to increased chance to develop cancer. Vitamin deficiency has always been known to cause disease. Low levels of vitamin B also leads to digestion and growth problems.
# Structural Biochemistry/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin B6
### Introduction

Vitamin B6, a naturally found water-soluble vitamin, is one of the most useful and versatile coenzymes in the body, performing a wide variety of functions that involve over 100 enzyme reactions. The focus of Vitamin B6 is protein metabolism. One of the significant roles it plays is cognitive development through synthesis with neurotransmitters. It also participates in glycogenolysis, immune function, and hemoglobin formation. Vitamin B6 is widely found in a large variety of food, most especially in the fish, liver and plenty of other organ meats, starchy vegetables like potato, and even fruit. It is even available as supplement multivitamins to be included daily diet. There are some risks in deficiency and inadequacy but they are all fairly uncommon since it is so involved is our daily diets.

### Interactions with Medicine

Vitamin B6 has important factors to take notice when involved with medications. There are several types of medication that directly depend on the level of vitamin B6. For example, Cycloserine, used to take tuberculosis, can combine with Pyridoxine (Vitamin b6) and help prevent or make mild the severe seizures and neurotoxicity that may occur. For "Antiepileptic Medications", they increase catabolism rate of all vitamin B6s, which leads to a lower plasma PLP concentration and hyperhomoscyten. This could lead to increase of seizures and epilepsy. Another example is "Theophyline", which treats or prevents various breathing problems, such as wheezing or asthma.

##### CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Research has shown that certain levels of Vitamin B6 and B12 can have an affect on cardiovascular disease and in fact reduce it by lowering the homocysteine levels. Research is still in process currently, but various clinical trials have shown that there may be a relationship between the two, which can eventually lead to vitamin B6 to help reducing the risk and severity of cardiovascular disease.

##### CANCER

Other research has proved that low plasma vitamin B6 concentration is associated to an increased risk of various cancers.

##### COGNITIVE FUNCTION

Several studies have presented that there also may be a correlation between the vitamin B6 level status and cognitive decline, especially in the brain function of the elderly. Memory, mood, and other bodily functions are all effected by the levels of Vitamin B6.
Citation: Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B6; Office of Dietary Supplement National Institutes of Health. 2011 15 09. <http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/>
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Momentum and Conservation of Momentum

A block of mass m = 3.5 kg, moving on a frictionless surface with an initial speed Vo = 5.4 m/s, makes a perfectly elastic collision with a block of mass M at rest. After the collision, the 3.5 kg block recoils with a speed of V = 0.4 m/s. In Figure 8.2, the blocks are in contact for 0.20 s. The average force on the 3.5 kg block, while the two blocks are in contact, is closest to:
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Motion in Two Dimensions

If a body falls freely from rest, how far does it moves during the 15th second of fall?
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Newton's Third Law

Two crates with the masses of 50kg and 85kg. (Same material) µs= 0.630 and µk=0.350. And using acceleration due to gravity. What is the minimum horizontal force that Jeffery needs to apply to the crates in order to get them moving.?
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Newton's Law of Gravitation and Weight

taif helium at a pressure of 1500 psi in a 100l cylinder is transferred to a 150l cylinder what is the pressure on the new cylinder?
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Work and Energy

A car of mass 1000 kg is parked on a level road with its handbrake on. Another car of mass 1500kg travelling at 10ms-1 collides with the back of the stationary car. The two cars move together after collision in the same straight line. They travel 25m before finally coming to rest. Find the average frictional force exerted on the cars as they come to rest.
# The Physics Problem Solver/Electromagnetism/Resistance

Two resistors connected in parallel across a 100 VDC supply take 10 amperes from the line. The power dissipated in one resistor is 600 ohms resistor. What is the current drawn when they are in connected in series across the same supply?
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Kinematics

an object is fired straight up into the air with an initial velocity of 50 m/s. What is the displacement of the object when t= 7.0 seconds?
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Motion in One Dimension

An arrow is fired horizontally from the top of a cliff with a speed of 22 meters per second. if the arrow lands 180 meters away from the base of the cliff, how high is the cliff?
# The Physics Problem Solver/Mechanics/Projectile Motion

In all parabolic motion examples, where you're given an initial velocity, and an angle, there's always a simple way to solve it.
    1) Break the initial velocity into x and y components. V_y = V*Sin(theta), V_x = V*Cos(theta)
    2) Find how long it will be in the air, using d = v_i*t + 1/2*a*t^2, (d will be 0, since it the total displacement in the height is 0) and solve for t.
    3) Using that 't', use d = vt, where v is the x component of the velocity, and t is the time you calculated before. This 'd' is the total distance traveled horizontally.
    4) To get the speed at the end, use vf = v + at, where a is gravity, and t is the calculated time. This is the vf for the y component.
    5) Then, use V_total = sqrt(v_x^2 + v_y_f^2) to find the speed it's moving at as hits the ground.
# Web applications in React, Bootstrap, MongoDB, Express/Create a MongoDB database locally

* 2) Create a folder named mongo_database on proprio pc and a subfolder under it named data_items
* 3) Open a terminal in the mongo_database folder and type:
in this way the MongoDB server is started in the url 127.0.0.1 at port 27017
In this way the database we will use will be called: db_items
# Webots Odor Simulation

The Webots Odor Simulation is a physics plugin for Webots. Webots is a commercial 3D robotics simulator, and the odor simulation plugin allows to simulate wind and odor, and to use wind and odor sensors on the robots or in the environment.

## Contents

This is a currently ongoing research project. The plugin as well as the documentation are still under development.
* Download and Installation
* Model
* Using the Wind and Odor Sensor on Robots
* Deploying Odor Sources
* Changing Model Parameters
# Web applications in React, Bootstrap, MongoDB, Express

In three tier architecture of a web application there is a presentation layer that represents the Front-end of the application made in Javascript, Css, Html or in the current javascript frameworks: React, Angular, Vue etc. and CSS framework: Bootstrap, Bulma etc. The presentation layer connects with the business logic layer or web server built in Java, Ruby, Phyton, Php etc. or with Node Express and the related Node modules. Finally, the business logic layer connects with the data access layer, i.e. with the MySql, Postgresql or MongoDB database, constituting the Back-End of the application and returning the requested information to the client, i.e. the Front-End of the application.
In this book, we will build a React-Bootstrap front-end, which connects to a Node Express web server, which in turn connects to a MongoDB database of stock items thus creating a three tier architecture.

### Table of Chapters

* Introduction
* Create a MongoDB database locally
* Create a Node Express web server locally that connects to a MongoDB database
* Use the Postman program to perform read, create, update, delete operations on a MongoDB database through a Node Express web server
* Create a React app with Bootstrap that performs read, create, update, delete operations on a MongoDB database via a Node Express web server
* Enter a general user and administrator authentication system on the Node Express web server
* Deploy a MongoDB database on Atlas MongoDB
* Deploy a Node Express web server on Heroku
* Deploy a React application on Firebase or Heroku
# Web applications in React, Bootstrap, MongoDB, Express/Create a React app with Bootstrap that performs read, create, update, delete operations on a MongoDB database via a Node Express web server

Now we will create the Front end in React-Bootstrap that connects to the Node Express web server and through Rest API acts on the MongoDB database with GET, POST, PUT, DELETE operations on the items in a warehouse:
and use the program.
# Web applications in React, Bootstrap, MongoDB, Express/Use the Postman program to perform read, create, update, delete operations on a MongoDB database through a Node Express web server

* 4) Open the Postman program and create a new item in the database via the POST method:
* 5) Change the item via the PUT method and the item ID:
* 6) View the data in the database via the GET method:
* 7) Delete the item by the DELETE method and the item ID
# Web applications in React, Bootstrap, MongoDB, Express/Create a Node Express web server locally that connects to a MongoDB database
## Installing Node.Js and Express Generator

* 1) Node.Js is a Javascript framework that also allows you to write server-side code and therefore, in particular, allows you to create an Express web server. npm (short for Node Package Manager [2]) is the default package manager for the Node.js JavaScript runtime environment. It consists of a command line client, also called npm, and an online database of public and private packages, called the npm registry.
* 2) Install Node.js on your PC from here: https://nodejs.org/
* 3) In the terminal type:
to verify that both node and npm have been installed correctly on your system.
* 4) Install the express-generator package via npm by typing in the terminal:
* 5) Open the terminal in Documents and type:
* 6) In the ItemsServer folder, type in the terminal:
* 7) In the ItemsServer folder type in the terminal to start the server:
* 8) In the browser at the link http://localhost:3000/ the message "Welcome to Express" will appear.A Node Express web server is done !

## API REST and MONGOOSE

The requests that the client makes to the server are made through the REST API. For example, if you are making a GET request, you are asking the server to return a resource. If you make a POST request, the server is being asked to create a new resource. If you are making a PUT request, you are asking the server to update an existing resource. And if you issue a DELETE request, the server is being asked to delete the resource identified by the particular URI. The exchange of data between client and server takes place in JSON format, which represents the standard with which Javascript objects are built. For example, the URL http://localhost:3000/items/234 means that the client asks the server to act on item 234, on which it is possible to perform GET, PUT or DELETE operations. To implement REST API calls on the MongoDB database you need to install mongoose:
* 1) In the ItemsServer folder open a terminal and type:
* 2) Create a mongoose schema for the document items of the MongoDB database and insert it in the items.js file inside the models sub folder of the ItemServer folder
* 3) In the subFolder routes of ItemServer, create the file itemRouter.js :
* 4) Edit the app.js file in the ItemsServer folder :
* 5) We created a Node Express web server that connects locally to a MongoDB database.