OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radiation Oncology/SCLC/Extensive Stage

| Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials | Edit this |
| SCLC: Main Page | Overview | Anatomy | Limited Stage | Extensive Stage | PCI | Randomized | |
Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer

## Consensus guidelines

* American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria on Radiation Therapy for Extensive-Stage SCLC
** 2020 PMID 33011389 – Higgins KA et al., J Thorac Oncol
** Evidence-based guidelines for specific extensive-stage SCLC variants rated by multidisciplinary expert panel
** Conclusions:
** Current evidence supports either prophylactic cranial irradiation or surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging every 3 months for patients without evidence of brain metastases
** Patients with brain metastases should receive whole-brain radiation with a recommended dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions
** Consolidative thoracic radiation can be considered in selected cases with the recommended dose ranging from 30 to 54 Gy

## Consolidation Thoracic Radiotherapy

* Kragujevac, Yugoslavia (1988-1993) -- Consolidation chemoradiation vs consolidation cisplatin/etoposide
** Randomized. 210 patients treated w/ 3 cycles of cisplatin/etoposide (PE). Pts w/ distant-CR + local-CR/PR randomized to RT (54 Gy in 36 fx over 18 days) with concurrent carboplatin/etoposide followed by 2 more cycles of PE vs 4 additional cycles of PE.
** 1999 PMID 10561263 "Role of radiation therapy in the combined-modality treatment of patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer: A randomized study." (Jeremic B et al. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Jul;17(7):2092-9.)
*** Outcome: Median OS RT 17 months vs chemo 11 months (SS); 5-year OS 9% vs 4%. No difference in DMFS.
*** Conclusion: Patients with good response to initial chemo may have improved overall survival with consolidative RT
* Slotman (2009-2012) -- Consolidation chest RT vs no chest RT
** Randomized. 498 patients, 42 hospitals in Europe, treated w/ 4-6 cycles cisplatin/etoposide (PE). Pts w/ any response randomized PCI + thoracic RT vs PCI alone. PCI 20Gy/5fxs, 25Gy/10fxs, 30Gy/10,12,15 fxs (institution allowed only one regimen). Thoracic RT 30Gy/10fxs. PTV post-chemo volume +15mm margin, hilar and mediastinal nodal stations involved pre-chemo always included
** 2015 PMID: 25230595 "Use of thoracic radiotherapy for extensive stage small-cell lung cancer: a phase 3 randomised controlled trial" (Slotman BJ et al. Lancet 2015 Jan 3;385(9962):36-42)
*** Outcome: Median FU 24 months. 1 year OS thoracic RT 33% vs 28% no thoracic RT (p=0.066). 2 year OS 13% vs 3% (p=0·004). 6 month PFS 24% vs 7% (p=0·001)
*** Conclusion: "Thoracic radiotherapy in addition to prophylactic cranial irradiation should be considered for all patients with ES-SCLC who respond to chemotherapy."
# Radiation Oncology/SCLC/RTOG Lung

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
* RTOG Website
* Wikibooks list of RTOG trials
SCLC: RTOG OPEN TRIALS :
| Number | Title |
| 09-37 | Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Alone to Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation And Consolidative Extra-Cranial Irradiation for Extensive Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| 05-38 | (CALGB 30610) Phase III Randomized Study of Three Different Thoracic Radiotherapy Regimens in Patients With Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Cisplatin and Etoposide |
SCLC: RTOG CLOSED TRIALS :
| Number | Title | Publication |
| 06-23 | A Phase II Trial Of Combined Modality Therapy With Growth Factor Support For Patients With Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer | |
| 02-41 | Phase I Study Of Irinotecan And Cisplatin In Combination With Twice Daily Thoracic Radiotherapy (45 Gy) Or Once Daily Thoracic Radiotherapy (70 Gy) For Patients With Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer | |
| 02-39 | A Phase II Study Of Accelerated High Dose Of Thoracic Irradiation With Concurrent Chemotherapy For Patients With Limited Small Cell Lung Cancer | |
| 02-12 | A Phase II/III Randomized Trial Of Two Doses And two High Dose Schedules For Delivering Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation For Patients With Limited Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer | PMID 19386548 |
| 97-12 | A Phase I Dose Escalation Study of Thoracic Irradiation With Concurrent Chemotherapy For Patients With Limited Small Cell Lung Cancer | PMID 15890573 |
| 96-09 | Phase II Study of Phase II Study of Paclitaxel, Etoposide, and Cisplatin Chemotherapy Combined with Twice Daily Thoracic Radiotherapy For Patients With Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer | PMID 15939930 |
| 95-11 | Sclerosis of Pleural Effusions By Talc Thoracoscopy Versus Talc Slurry: A Phase III Study | PMID 15764775 |
| 88-15 | A Phase III Study of Cisplatin Plus Etoposide Combined with Standard Fractionation Thoracic Radiotherapy Versus Cisplatin Plus Etoposide Combined With Multiple Daily Fractionated Thoracic Radiotherapy For Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer | PMID 9920950 |
| 82-06 | Phase III Comparison of Local Field Irradiation with and without Single-Dose Hemibody Irradiation for Control of Symptomatic Bony Metastases | PMID 1374061 |
# Trainz/Tutorial for Blender/Tutorial to export a basic house: in 2.65

File, save before doing anything else.
Then File, export, Trainz export XML. If Trainz export XML is not an available option exit Blender and ensure that the Trainz exporter has been installed in the correct script folder. You will also need to ensure it is available in User preferences under import/export.
Click OK to export the mesh data. Technically you can also export an animation here or scale the export if you prefer to work in feet.
In this case the file being exported is called Leopold street, it will create both the "leopold street.xml" file and a "Leopold street.im" file. File names without spaces in them are easier to handle so you can change the suggested file name to body to create a body.im file which is simpler in the config.txt file.
The export is complete.
Now to get the asset into Trainz we need some red tape so
Download kuid:86627:1791 this is the cylinder scenery asset. Clone this asset. Then use edit, edit in explorer.
Then you copy the .im, the "terrace one.tga" and "terrace one.texture.txt" file into the cloned folder. Now we have to tell Trainz to look at the new .im file so open the config.txt file in notepad and change the following lines
name "cylinder scenery" trainz-build 1.5 asset-filename "cylinder" username "cylinder scenery"
name "test house" trainz-build 2.7 asset-filename "body" username "test house"
Save the config.txt file and commit <Ctrl>M.
Now look for "test house" in surveyor.
Before uploading it you will need to do a screenshot and resize it to 240 by 180 .jpg, either rename this reskin240.jpg or change the name in the config.txt file. You will also need to go through the config.txt file and put your name in as the author etc.
# Trainz/Transparent Windows using Blender

Scenery objects treat transparency differently to rolling stock. Only other scenery objects can be seen through transparent scenery objects.
For Blender settings see Torsten's comments in this thread in the Trainz forum labeled "Transparent and semi- transparent meshes with Blender 2.65":
http://forums.auran.com/trainz/showthread.php?98810-Transparent-and-semi-transparent-meshes-with-Blender-2-65&p=1113319#post1113319
Creating a transparent file in GIMP then painting it with opacity of around 30% seems to work.
# Trainz/Tutorial for Blender/Tutorial to build a basic house:2.65

Tutorial to build a basic house:
It is suggested that you save your .Blend files (Blender source file) under a slightly different name on each step just in case you do something wrong and want to go back. This new thumbnail format is best used by right clicking the thumbnail then open in new tab so you can come back and refer to the text as well as the image.
We start with the default screen in Blender.
By default Blender creates everything with double sided textures. This means twice as many polys for Trainz to render for no visual effect so untick the double sided box.
In Jan's words "On the properties bar find the icon 'Object Data', it's the little upside down triangle and in the normals section there uncheck double sided. Sadly this isn't persistent, so every time you add a new primitive (shift-Akey) it will come up as double sided by default and you have to remember to uncheck this one again. On a side note adding such a new primitive to an allready single sided mesh will promote it to single sided as well. In fact the settings of the last mesh selected with shift-rightmouseclick is the one with the persistent properties."
We want to be able to adjust the size easily and exactly so we need the properties on screen. Press the "n" key to show this. 2.65 has a super set of properties. Also note in 2.65 you may need to go to view menu and select view persp/ortho to select the ortho view.
Our basic house is going to be 18 feet wide, 30 feet deep and 18 feet high. It's simpler to work in meters with Blender so go to Google and type in "18 feet in meters to feet" the answer is 5.48, 30 feet is 9.144 so we type these numbers into the dim property tag. Z is height, y is width, and X is depth. For 2.65 these go into the dimensions:
Blender centers the object at 0,0,0 we want our house to be at ground level. So we divide the Z value (height) by two and put that number into the Z location field.
To make the roof we will first duplicate the house, so <shift D> followed by <escape>. Now we need to raise the roof by the height of the house so add in 5.48 to the existing Z value to give 8.22.
It's easier in wireframe mode so we'll switch the display.
Roofs are usually pointed so we need to edit our cube. We press "A" to deselect everything.
Next we switch into edit mode from object mode at the white arrow. Then we select the top corners by pressing B then drawing a box round the top corners. We merge them together by scaling the y axis to zero, "S","Y","0" <enter>. Now we eliminate duplicate vertices by pressing "W" then "remove doubles" from the menu. For 2.65 you may need to repeat this for the rear two vertices.
To adjust the shape go back to object mode and adjust the numbers in the properties tag to make the roof a little wider than the house giving it eaves by increasing the Y value and a little lower in height by reducing the Z value. We can also change the name of the cube to roof too make it a bit easier for us to keep track.
That is the basic house created. Now we need to texture it.
# Trainz/Tutorial for Blender/Tutorial to export a basic house:

File, save before doing anything else.
Then File, export, Trainz export XML. If Trainz export XML is not an available option exit Blender and ensure that the Trainz exporter has been installed in the correct script folder.
Click OK to export the mesh data. Technically you can also export an animation here or scale the export if you prefer to work in feet.
In this case the file being exported is called Leopold street, it will create both the "leopold street.xml" file and a "Leopold street.im" file. File names without spaces in them are easier to handle so you can change the suggested file name to body to create a body.im file which is simpler in the config.txt file.
The export is complete.
Now to get the asset into Trainz we need some red tape so
Download kuid:86627:1791 this is the cylinder scenery asset. Clone this asset. Then use edit, edit in explorer.
Then you copy the .im, the "terrace one.tga" and "terrace one.texture.txt" file into the cloned folder. Now we have to tell Trainz to look at the new .im file so open the config.txt file in notepad and change the following lines
name "cylinder scenery" trainz-build 1.5 asset-filename "cylinder" username "cylinder scenery"
name "test house" trainz-build 1.5 asset-filename "body" username "test house"
Save the config.txt file and commit <Ctrl>M.
Now look for "test house" in surveyor.
Before uploading it you will need to do a screenshot and resize it to 240 by 180 .jpg, either rename this reskin240.jpg or change the name in the config.txt file. You will also need to go through the config.txt file and put your name in as the author etc.
# Trainz/Tutorial for Blender/Tutorial to build a basic house:

Tutorial to build a basic house:
Note updating the images is awkward in wikibooks so 2.65 instructions have been simply added.
We start with the default screen in Blender. For 2.65 click on view menu lower left corner then select right.
We want to be able to adjust the size easily and exactly so we need the properties on screen. Press the "N" key to show this. 2.65 has a super set of properties. Also note in 2.65 you may need to go to view and select view persp/ortho to select the ortho view.
Our basic house is going to be 18 feet wide, 30 feet deep and 18 feet high. It's simpler to work in meters with Blender so go to Google and type in "18 feet in meters to feet" the answer is 5.48, 30 feet is 9.144 so we type these numbers into the dim property tag. Z is height, y is width, and X is depth. For 2.65 these go into the dimensions:
Blender centers the object at 0,0,0 we want our house to be at ground level. So we divide the Z value (height) by two and put that number into the Z location field.
To make the roof we will first duplicate the house, so <shift D> followed by <escape>. Now we need to raise the roof by the height of the house so add in 5.48 to the existing Z value to give 8.22.
Roofs are usually pointed so we need to edit our cube. We press "A" to deselect everything.
Next we switch into edit mode from object mode at the green arrow. Then we select the top corners by pressing B then drawing a box round the top corners. We merge them together by scaling the y axis to zero, "S","Y","0" <enter>. Now we eliminate duplicate vertices by pressing "W" then "remove doubles" from the menu. For 2.65 you may need to repeat this for the rear two vertices.
To adjust the shape go back to object mode and adjust the numbers in the properties tag to make the roof a little wider than the house giving it eaves by increasing the Y value and a little lower in height by reducing the Z value. We can also change the name of the cube to roof too make it a bit easier for us to keep track.
That is the basic house created. Now we need to texture it.
# Trainz/Trainz Routes collection

Back to the Top
| ← Prev TRS2004, Driver & TRS2006 | ↑ Versions and builds, Versions — Trainz versions ↓ | TC1&2, & TC3 Next → |
Glossary :
HKeys-CM :
HKeys-DVR :
HKeys-SUR :
HKeys-WIN :
Mouse use :
Notations :
Trainz Routes was an content expansion pack issued for TRS2004 and TRS2006. It installs in four patches, each of which needed launched from the CD by separate mouse click. The installer added to content put the routes, and whether it also patched JA files is unrecollected at this time (so we'll need to recreate, pardon the delay!).
# Trainz/Trainz Simulator Mac

Back to the Top
| ← Prev TS2009, TS2010 - TS10 | ↑ Versions and builds, Versions — Trainz versions ↓ | TS2012 - TS12, TSMac2 Next → |
Glossary :
HKeys-CM :
HKeys-DVR :
HKeys-SUR :
HKeys-WIN :
Mouse use :
Notations :
* <img src="http://images.n3vgames.com/ecommerce/headers/18.jpg" height="350" width="200">

## Trainz on MAC

Trainz requires Macs with graphics card hosted nVidia or ATI graphics chipsets. The game may seem to launch correctly on systems with Intel integrated graphics chipsets, e.g. Intel GMA X3100, but the simulator will likely crash, possibly due to lack of OpenGL features in Mac embedded systems.
This 'problem' is not isolated to Mac laptop and notebook computers lacking a 3rd party video card, Trainz is unsupported and not guaranteed to work on any laptop computer. Only the partial Trainz releases written for notebook and Pad-style computers are aimed at these computers.

### Minimum Specification

Mininums for Trainz Mac I
* OS: MacOS X 10.5
* Memory: 2GB
* Graphics: nVidia or ATI graphics card
* Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo
* Hard Drive: 20GB Free Space

## Notes and footnotes

* ↑ Trying to run Trainz on computers lacking a large screen and full keyboard is rather like trying to get a bicycle up to speed lacking handlebars (screen) and pedals (keyboard). One might do without one or the other, for some parts of Trainz, but never both.

### Footnotes

* ↑ Trainz Simulator Mac TB version is v3.6, N3V Wiki Trainz-build page table: Trainz Simulator Mac entry.
* 1 2 Trainz-Simulator-Mac Trainz Simulator Mac on Trainz Portal specifies the min spec as "nVidia or ATI graphics card" for Trainz Mac 1. According to version manager James Moody, in an response email April 06, 2015 it certainly rules out the Intel GMA X3100 on two counts - "not made by nVidia or ATI", and the chip set is "not part of a graphics card" ... to which he added: "we don't support integrated graphics of any kind.
# Trainz/Trainz Simulator Mac2

Back to the Top
| ← Prev TS2012 - TS12 | ↑ Versions and builds, Versions — Trainz versions ↓ | TANE-CE, TANE, TANE-Mac Next → |
Glossary :
HKeys-CM :
HKeys-DVR :
HKeys-SUR :
HKeys-WIN :
Mouse use :
Notations :
* <A img=http://images.n3vgames.com/ecommerce/headers/480.jpg></A>
3.9 Trainz/Trainz A New Era: Community Edition - TANE-CE 4.0 Trainz/Trainz A New Era TANE

## Notes and footnotes
### Footnotes

* ↑ Trainz Simulator 2 (Mac) TB version is v3.8, N3V Wiki Trainz-build page table: Trainz Simulator 2 (Mac) entry
# Structural Biochemistry/Copy Number Variants

Copy Number Variants (CNVs) are a type of genetic mutation that results in an abnormal number genes or regions on a specific chromosome. CNVs contrast with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, which result in only a single mutated nucleotide. The development of SNPs outnumber CNVs by three orders of magnitude, their significance and contributions to variations are roughly similar. This is due to the fact that CNVs affect tens or thousands of kilobases, and thus its mutation impacts are large.

## Importance of CNVs

Since CNVs contribute to a significant amount of differences between human genomes, they have been found to be important in both human disease and drug response. A better understanding of CNVs and how they work may help scientists better understand drug targets as well as human genome evolution.

## Mutation Mechanisms

CNVs can arise from four different mechanisms: Nonallelic Homologous Recombination, Nonhomologous End-Joining, Fork Stalling and Template Switching, and Retrotransposition.
Nonallelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR), most commonly occurs during meiosis when two homologous chromosome pairs in the genome line up for crossing over. The positions of these chromosomes affect the rate at which a CNV mutation occurs. A slight mismatch of homologous chromosomes may result in the extra copy of a specific gene. Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) occurs when an abnormal repairing of a break of the DNA strand occurs. The repair results in either a deletion or more commonly a duplication of a segment in the genome. Forkstalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS) is induced by errors during DNA replication processes. These variants vary in both size and complexity. Retrotransposition of a DNA element may also result in an abnormal number of genes on a chromosome.
According to the 1000 Genomes Project, approximately 70.8% of deletions were attributed to NHEJ and 89.6% of small insertions were attributable to retrotransposition activity.

## Clinical Significance

Most genetic mutations are benign. However, there have been few clinical studies showing that some of these genetic mutations may contribute to the onset of diseases. CNVs have been related to onsets of a prevalent amount of neuropsychiatric diseases, as a good proportion of schizophrenia, autism and bipolar cases are linked to CNVs. CNVs have also been found as an underlying cause elevated cancer cells.

## References

Malhotra, Dheeraj, and Jonathan Sebat. "CNVs: Harbingers of a Rare Variant Revolution in Psychiatric Genetics." Cell 148.6 (2012): 1223-241. CNVs: Harbingers of a Rare Variant Revolution in Psychiatric Genetics. 16 Mar. 2012. Web. 15 June 2012. <http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(12)00277-2>.
Daar AS, Scherer SW, Hegele RA. Implications for copy-number variation in the human genome: a time for questions. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2006, 7:414
# Umbraco/Plugins And Extensions
## Plugins and Extensions

* umbracoUtilities For 2.1
* E-Commerce Server
* Commerce4umbraco
* Language Packs
* Foldout Menu
* Log Viewer
* Umbraco Stats
* Flat URL's for TextGen.aspx
* Upload progress bar
* Static HTML export
* Blog Package - http://web.archive.org/web/20061126102545/http://umbraco.bruunebonen.com/media/440/umbracoblog.zip
# Umbraco/Plugins And Extensions/Language Packs
## Language Packs

The interface language in umbraco can be extended by editing small xml files and placing them in the /umbraco/config/lang folder.
The following languages can be downloaded from http://old.umbraco.org/frontpage/download/languagepacks.aspx (besides the default english language)
* German - Translated by Christian Langreiter
* Italian - Translated by Stevie B. Gibson
* Spanish - Translated by Gustavo Martinez
* Dutch - Translated by Boris Leenaars
* Danish - Translated by Niels Hartvig / umbraco
* Swedish - Translated by Toft Stade
* Portuguese/Brazil - Translated by George Justo / KnowledgeCenter
* Norwegian - Translated by Thøger Amundsen / Doorway Consulting
There are also alternate language packs that have been translated or modified by Umbraco users.
* Updated Norwegian - download. Translated by Ove Andersen / 3D Design Media
# Umbraco/Help Out
## Help Out

How to help out with Umbraco.

### Report Bugs

Information on reporting bugs and defects in Umbraco can be found at http://www.umbraco.org/frontpage/documentation/bugs.aspx
The bugreporting page at umbraco.org is not working so here is a link to http://bugs.umbraco.org/Issues.aspx?m=1

### Make a Donation

Information on donating to the Umbraco project can be found here http://www.umbraco.org/frontpage/about/donate.aspx
Donations are needed to finish Umbraco V3 - http://umbraco.org/frontpage/sponsorumbracov3.aspx

### Contribute to the Wiki

Need I explain?
* Typical errors
# Umbraco/Installation
## Requirements

Current system requirements can be seen on the Umbraco website.

## Existing installation tutorials

An installation guide is available at the Umbraco website.
A hosted cloud version is also available from Umbraco, which eliminates the need for local installation.

## Post install

You may wish to employ a method to disable the output of Debugging information when you install a production instance of Umbraco. See the Reference section for more details.
# Umbraco/Plugins And Extensions/Foldout Menu
## Foldout Menu

From http://www.rtk-cv.dk/projects/umbraco-cms.aspx you can download a foldout menu
The readme
1. Copy tree.js into your root dir
2. Copy minus.gif and plus.gif into /images/
3. Go to Umbraco developer section and create a macro and xslt node.
4. Paste in the Menu.xslt code into your new xslt node
5. Insert the macro in your template and it should work
end of readme
Note. Inside the xslt You need to change 1045 to your the topnode id? The node id is where the Menu should start. You can find the ID, by holding the mouse over the node in umbraco, and looking in your browsers status-line. You should see javascript:openContent(1045), where 1045 is the node-id. You can also look it up in your database, in the table cmsDocument
Also to include the tree.js file to your <header>. and at last add a doc.gif file to images
# Umbraco/GetMedia
## Umbraco.library.GetMedia

The method is used to get information of files in the media library - such as filename, size, height, width.
Parameters
GetMedia(int MediaId, bool Deep);
Return value
The method returns a XPathNodeIterator with the information of selected file.
Usage
# Umbraco/Plugins And Extensions/Commerce4umbraco
## Commerce4Umbraco

Shopping cart software for umbraco.
See here for more info: http://www.codeplex.com/commerce4umbraco or Paul Sterling's blog http://motusconnect.com/blog.aspx
The Umbraco Store is also based on the Commerce for Umbraco extension: http://store.umbraco.org
# Umbraco/Links

Blogs and pages about umbraco - a free open source .NET content management system.
* Official Umbraco blog
* Official Umbraco documentation
* Umbraco CMS on Github