# Models and Theories in Human-Computer Interaction
## Goal

We will develop content for a new wikibook where we critically assess models and theories relevant to the field of Human Computer Interaction.

## Foreword

Being that the nature of the field of Human Computer Interaction is that it is interdisciplinary, theories and models proceed and are adapted from many other disciplines. There are but a few of which we could call "genuinely native" HCI theories and models. To complicate matters, computerized systems change at a vertiginous pace and changes are often surreptitious. It seems as if Kurzweil was not as far off from fact with his predictions. Through this course, we will learn, critique, apply, and expand theories and models to make them relevant to the state of the field.
Looking through the Association of Computer Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer Human Interaction's (SIGCHI) repository, this researcher has not been able to zero in on a book that addresses the needs of a course in models and theories for our discipline. Therefore, we will use our textbook and articles to guide our discussion and we will collaborate in documenting the state of matters through this WikiBook.
Dr. Z

## Table of Contents
### Introduction

* HCI Fragmentation

### Chapter 1: What’s a Model

* Introduction to Models and Theories in HCI
* Framework: Computer as Human, Human as Computer: Perception-Input, Thinking- Processing, Action- Output
* Human Computer Interaction is Ubiquitous (Hieu Quach)

### Chapter 2: Mechanical models: Human as machine, how to make humans more effective/efficient in the workplace?

* Historical Roots
* Mechanical model for the new age (Sivabalan Umapathy)* Predictive (models of performance): Fitts
* Descriptive (how to think about): GOMS
* GOMS and Human Nature
* Fitts' Law in Touch Screen Age (Qing Guo)
* Human Meets Machine - We are the Metaphore
* GOMS may be useful, but is it practical? (Cindy Marinak)
* Perception: Needs biological considerations of human(Israt Ali)
* Can Fitts’ Law be used in modern world? (Rajan S Thangiachalam)
* GOMS and it's unpredictability (Shaun M Broyhill)
* Analysis of GOMS model (Israt Ali)
* Fitts' Law in Entry-Based Systems (Briana Bettin)
* GOMS Useful but Imperfect (Alex Whigham)
* Fitts Law for Cell Phone Keyboards (Sheena Bove)
* The investigation based on a single theory (Fitts' Law) might not help for the success. (Jieun Lee)

### Chapter 3: Computer Systems Innovation

* Diffusion Innovation and TAM
* TAM in software updates
* Diffusion as a reliable predictor (Steven Campbell)
* TAM vs. Diffusion at prediction success in enterprise CMS replacement (Richard Lee)
* Criticisms of TAM and Diffusion (Dan Giranda)
* DoI for You and I (Daniel Pardock)
* Diffusion of Innovation - ERP Implementation (Cindy Riley)
* The Economics of TAM (Harold Kevin Glover)
* How intrinsic motivation may factor into TAM (Michael Morgan)
* Diffusion of Innovation - ExactEmerge (Valerie Van Ee)
* TAM - a useful predictor of user adoption (Andrea Mastrosavas)
* Diffusion of Innovation - Adopter categories (CheeKang Tan)
* TAM proponent of perceived intention but not behavioral intention (Thomson Lukose)
* The Pace of Innovation and Adoption Is Changing (Nicholas Sturtz)
* Diffusion of Innovations and the Adoption of Smartphones (Tamara Sutton)
* Diffusion of Innovation for both individuals and businesses (Lawrence Greer)
* Diffusion of Innovations and Technology (Cara MacLaughlin)
* TAM as an Outline in Need of Thoughtful Modifications (Breann Bowe)
* Diffusion of Innovation – Knowledge base adoption (Karen Darko)
* TAM in the Workplace (Jeff Bazer)
* Social Importance of Diffusion (Bethany Burdt)
* Diffusion of Innovations theory too simplistic? (Brian Roller)
* The importance of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use in TAM (Hieu Quach)
* Diffusion of Innovation and Adopters (Jason Ugie)
* Diffusion of Innovation and Transmedia (Karen Doty)
* Critique on Diffusion of Innovation model (Luda Shashua)
* Limitations of the Diffusion of Innovation Model (Meriesa Elliott)
* TAM and Engineering (Sheena Bove)
* Consolidating Diffusion of Innovation and TAM (Hestia Sartika)

### Chapter 4: Theories of systems

* Communications and Networks: Shannon and Nyquist
** Digitizing the World Around Us (Brian Buehler)
** The Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem (CheeKang Tan)
* Wiener’s Cybernetics
** Wiener’s Cybernetics: Life Through the Cybernetic Lens
** Predicable Outcomes
** Wiener's Cybernetics (Mike Morgan)
** Sci-Fi in the Not-So-Distant Future? (Daniel Pardock)
** What is Cybernetics? (Israt Ali)
** Cybernetics: Not what I thought it meant (Meriesa Elliott)
** Wiener’s Cybernetics Vs Artificial Intelligence (Rajan S Thangiachalam)
** Cybernetics: A grand and ambitious theory (Karen Darko)
** Wiener's Cybernetics and an Ecological-Materialist Approach in Anthropology (Breann Bowe)
** Cybernetics and Feedback (Alex Whigham)
** Cybernetics and Systems Theory (Lawrence Greer)
** Cybernetics in Intelligent Systems (Bethany Burdt)
* Latour ‘s Actor Network Theory
** The master model (or mind)?
** Examining System of Systems (Harold Kevin Glover)
** Electricity in Water (Daphne Mintz)
* Norman’s Affordances
** The Paradox of Technology
** Affordances Make the Design
** Affordances vs Conventions (Natasha Sukhinina)
** Norman's Affordances (Cindy Marinak)
** Norman's Affordances - Visibility and the 7 Stages of Action (Cindy Riley)
** Norman's Affordances and Use in Design (Jeff Bazer)
** Stages of Action as Design Aids (Tim O'Brien)
** Affordances and Conceptual Models (Briana Bettin)
** Norman's Affordances and Mapping (Fei Yang)
** Norman's Affordances and Principles of Design (Sheena Bove)
** Norman's Principles of Design (Hieu Quach)
* Kurzweil’s Accelerated Returns
** Business forecasting with Accelerated Returns
** Accelerating returns and Singularity (Dan Giranda)
** Accelerated Returns
** Accelerating towards Singularity
** The Law of Accelerating Returns (Brian Finn)
** Accelerating Returns and Singularity (Thomson Lukose)
** Reverse engineering the brain (Brian Roller)
** Kurzweil’s Law of Accelerating Returns – The future will be here faster than we know it (Cara MacLaughlin)
** Biological and Nonbiological Evolution (Jason Ugie)
** Understanding Kurzweil's Singularity (Hestia Sartika)
** Kurzweil & Future of Human Evolution(Karen Doty)
** The Law of Accelerating Returns - Resistance Is Futile?(Nick Sturtz)
** Doubting double-exponential growth rate(Luda Shashua)
** Technology and us - Kurzweil's law of accelerating returns(Jieun Lee)

### Chapter 5: Human Centered

* Mental Models
* Information Foraging

### Chapter 6: Groups/Systems/Social Focus

* Distributed Cognition and CSCW
** D.Cog and WikiBooks Tyler Liechty
** Distributed Cognition and a Macro Focus (Danielle Washburn)
** dCog : A foundation for interface evaluation ? (Sivabalan UMAPATHY)
** A mix of CogSci and SocSci (Dan Giranda)
** Braindfood Through dCog (Eric Andren)
** D.Cog as Applied to WikiBooks (Chris Vermilya)
** A Turn to the Social (Nick Sturtz)
** DCog Analysis of Wikibooks (Valerie Van Ee)
** WikiBooks as an Example of D.Cog Natasha Sukhinin
** Communication and Collaboration of Distributed Knowledge (Sara Mikulic)
** CSCW and DCog (Jason Ugie)
** Understanding Dis.Cog, CSCW and Its Restriction (Hestia Sartika)
** Finding right fit between group tasks and software (Luda Shashua)
* Activity Theory
** We Are Not Only Users (Qing Guo)
** Intertwined Systems Daniel Gorsuch
** Increasing Collaborative Transparency Through the Externalization of Discussion (Amara Poolswasdi)
** A Route of Understanding and Analyzing a Phenomenon - Activity Theory (Steven Campbell)
** Keeping the Conversation Going (Daniel Pardock)
** The Active Wiki (Brian Buehler)
** The Wiki and the Active User (Jeff Bazer)
** Activity Theory through the use of tool: Wikibook (Rajan S Thanigachalam)
** Activity Theory and Platforms Like Wikibook (Meriesa Elliott)
** Is This Technology Helpful? (Brian Roller)
** Activity Theory and Cultural Artefacts (Briana Bettin)
** WikiBooks and Social Interaction on the Web (Cara MacLaughlin)
** Analysis of Wikibook based on activity theory (Fei Yang)
** WikiBook Contributors, Readers, and the Art of Conversation (Daphne Mintz)
** Wikibooks and Action Theory, Subject and Object (Karen Doty)
* CMC
** Problem of undercontribution to online collaborative platform (Wei-Ting Yen)
** Social Loafing and Collaboration (Zack Stout)
** Avoiding Social Loafing (Tim O'Brien)
** Collocated Teams's Wiki Usage (Richard Lee)
** Social Loafing and WikiBook Collaboration (Brian Finn)
** CMC and Face-to-Face (Thomson Lukose)
** Collective Effort and Wikibook (Hieu Quach)
** Social translucence system and Knowledge Management as a Social Phenomenon (CheeKang Tan)
** Social Anonymity (Shaun Broyhill)
** Coordination and Social Loafing (Lawrence Greer)
** Social Loafing and Distributed Collaboration (Bethany Burdt)
** Social Psychological Theory and the wiki platform (Tamara Sutton)
** WiKi book increasing group motivation and nudge social Loafing (Israt Ali)
* CSCW
** CSCW and the collaborative wiki platform (Andrea Mastrosavas)
** Input-process-output framework and the collaborative wiki platform (Michael Morgan)
** Working hard (or hardly working) in a collective wiki effort (Cindy Marinak)
** A Meta Analysis on WikiBooks and CSCW in Context (Harold Kevin Glover)
** The Key is a Visual Metric (Cindy Riley)
** WikiBook Transparency Increases Accountability, Decreases Social Loafing (Karen Darko)
** CSCW and Wikibook - A Successful Example of Distributed Collaboration (Jessica Ashdown)
** Easy to Collaborate but Difficult to Coordinate (Breann Bowe)
** Input-Process-Output Model for Online Collaboration (Alex Whigham)
** Input-Process-Output Model and Distributed Group Work (Sheena Bove)
** Wikimedia as a CSCW, and how its transparency influenced group performance (Jieun Lee)

### Chapter 7: Design centered

* Participatory Design