OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sociological Theory/Postmodernism
## Postmodernism
### Michel Foucault

* Discipline
* Surveillance
* Bodies Of Knowledge

### Identities

* The dissolution of barriers between nation-states.
* Multiple identities providing individuality.
* Transformation from hierarchical state infrastructure to informal networks of institutions.
* The freer flow of information.
# Sociological Theory/Impression Management

In social psychology, impression management is the process through which people try to control the impressions other people form of them. It is usually synonymous with self-presentation.
The goal is for one to present themselves the way in which they would like to be thought of by the individual or group they are interacting with. This form of management generally applies to the first impression.
Impression management (IM) is the goal-directed conscious or unconscious attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. If a person tries to influence the perception of her or his own image, this activity is called self-presentation. Strategic interpersonal behavior to shape or influence impressions formed by an audience is not a new field; it has a rich history. Plato spoke of the "great stage of human life" and Shakespeare crafted the famous sentence "All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players" in the seventeenth century. Goffman (Goffman, 1959) also followed in his seminal book "The presentation of self in everyday life" a dramaturgical analogy. Impression management (IM) is situated in social psychology.
The audience can be real or imaginary. IM style norms, part of the mental programming received through socialization, are so fundamental that we usually do not notice our expectations of them. While an actor (speaker) tries to project a desired image, an audience (listener) might attribute a resonant or discordant image.
Source:
# Sociological Theory/Noted Contributors

This wikibook has been developed sporadically by various authors.
* Ryan T. Cragun contributed the initial layout and idea for the book.
* Chelsea Bender, Adeline Carothers, Sarah Friswell, Eric Louderback, Caitlin McGrath, Joseph Ranalli, and Amy Sevegny wrote the chapter on Conflict Theory for a class project in Spring 2011.
* Caroline Crowley, Christine Fernandez, Emily McLellan, Jillian Palmer, Cassandra Parks, Elizabeth Shults, and Astrid Skovamand wrote the chapter on Feminist Theory for a class project in Spring 2011.
* Theodore Jensen, Janelle Sanchez, Rachael Williams, and Stephanie Yeager wrote the chapter on Structural Functionalism for a class project in Spring 2011.
# Reaktor/Tutorials/Variable Slope
## Variable Slope Curves

The solutions to this are either, use the Multi-BP envelope Macro which provides a very flexible graphic breakpoint tool a bit like those in Absynth and FM7. (Under no circumstances attempt to understand how the internals of this module work without a packet of asprin).

### Alternative Solutions

Or take a regular envelope and raise the output to the power of something (numbers between 0 and 1 will make the envelope start more dramatically, numbers greater than 1 will produce a curve that starts gently then accelerates).
If you're working on a Mac, there's a very handy Grapher tool in the Utilities folder that you can plug equations into to experiment with.
# Reaktor/Varia/NTF file

NTF stands for "Native Table File", which contains values in a format acceptable by Event Table

## NTF file structure

The structure of NTF file was not officially published, so below information may be wrong.
| Data Type | Start Hex | Start Byte | End Byte | Len | Description |
| Int-32 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | Always zero? |
| Int-32 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 4 | Always zero? |
| Int-32 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 4 | Always One? |
| Int-32 | C | 12 | 15 | 4 | X-Size - Int32 |
| Int-32 | 10 | 16 | 19 | 4 | Y-Size - Int32 |
| Float-32 | 14 | 20 | 23 | 4 | Value Min |
| Float-32 | 18 | 24 | 27 | 4 | Value Max |
| Float-32 | 1C | 28 | 31 | 4 | Step Size |
| Float-32 | 20 | 32 | 35 | 4 | Default |
| Int-32 | 24 | 36 | 39 | 4 | Display Units, values = 0,1,2 |
| Int-32 | 28 | 40 | 43 | 4 | Always 0? |
| Int-32 | 2C | 44 | 47 | 4 | Always 0? |
| Int-32 | 30 | 48 | 51 | 4 | Always 0? |
| Int-32 | 34 | 52 | 55 | 4 | X-Units, values = 0,1,2,3 |
| Float-32 | 38 | 56 | 59 | 4 | Samples / Sec - in millisecond mode??? - Tied to pos 0x40 |
| Float-32 | 3C | 60 | 63 | 4 | BPM |
| Float-32 | 40 | 64 | 67 | 4 | Samples / Tick - in tempo ticks mode??? - Tied to pos 0x38 |
| Int-32 | 44 | 68 | 71 | 4 | Ticks / Beat |
| Int-32 | 48 | 72 | 75 | 4 | Always 4? |
| Int-32 | 4C | 76 | 79 | 4 | Always 0? |
| Float-32 | 50 | 80 | 83 | 4 | Always = 1? |
| Float-32 | 54 | 84 | 87 | 4 | Always = 1? |
| Int-32 | 58 | 88 | 91 | 4 | Y-Units values = 0,1 |
| Float-32 | 5C | 92 | 95 | 4 | Always = 48? (default samples/sec?) |
| Float-32 | 60 | 96 | 99 | 4 | Always = 120? (default BPM?) |
| Float-32 | 64 | 100 | 103 | 4 | Always = 1? (default samples/tick?) |
| Int-32 | 68 | 104 | 107 | 4 | Always 24 (0x18)? (default ticks/beat?) |
| Int-32 | 6C | 108 | 111 | 4 | Always 4? |
| Int-32 | 70 | 112 | 115 | 4 | Always 0? |
| Float-32 | 74 | 116 | 119 | 4 | Always = 1? |
| Float-32 | 78 | 120 | 123 | 4 | Always = 1? |
| float-32 | 7C | 124 | 127 | 4 | Start of table data stored as Float-32's. Data is saved by row. So...First row = (y0, x0), (y0,x1), (y0,x2)...(y1, x0), (y1,x1), (y1,x2)…etc |
# Reaktor/Wikibook - About

Reaktor Wikibook (URL: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Reaktor) is a project started after many discussions between users on Reaktor User Forum. Everybody agrees, that Reaktor is a very powerfull system, but unfortunately the documentation is poor and therefore it's difficult to learn and advance in Reaktor. Few people wanted to start a "tutorial", but there was no adequate media for it. Wikibook seems to be perfect.

### First time visitors should read this

* Wiki is a website that allows a user to add content, as on an Internet forum, but also allows that content to be edited by anybody.
* Wikibooks is dedicated to developing free, open content textbooks and other classroom texts like tutorials. Every book is open to revision and addition by anyone – even you.
* Wikipedia is a general encyclopedia

### First time editors should read this

* Please use neutral point of view
* How to edit a page?
* Wikipedia policies and guidelines

### Advanced contributors should read this

* Template messages/Links. Templates are necessary to develop easy navigation for a Book, which looks like this
# Reaktor/Tutorials/Where are the values?
## Where are the values?

Looking into the structure you see modules, connected by wires. But there are no variables whose values you could check. If you know a little bit about programming you might wonder: Where are the values in Reaktor?
Well, they're obviously travelling along the wires - and you can even see them doing that by pointing your mouse on a wire: If it's a primary level wire a small hint appears showing the actual value travelling along the wire (updated every second or so). In core level you have to activate the "debug mode" (within the context menu or by pressing the little bug in the header) to get these hints.
This way you can get a first overview of what's going on. If you have to analyse the values in more details there are a lot of panel elements available you can insert into the structure to have the values displayed within the panel.
# Reaktor/Varia

This is a section for all stuff, which doesn't fit anywhere else - yet. Feel free to add sections, ideas, as it will grow, we will put it somewhere into the book structure.
# Structural Biochemistry/Flagella
## Flagella

Flagella (singular=flagellum), are extensions of the cell commonly found in many Bacteria and Archaea, and even in some Eukaryotic cells. Cells that have flagella often use their flagella as their main method of motility. Most bacterial cells use their flagella to travel randomly, a process called random walk, unless there is a chemical signal present, in which the cell would travel to the attractant (or away from a repellant) through chemotaxis.

## Types of Flagella

There are three major types of flagella found among cells
Peritrichous flagella are a series of flagella that appear around the cell in all directions. Some examples of cells that have peritrichous cells are E.coli cells and salmonella cells.
Lophotrichious flagella are a group of flagella that are bundled together on one side of the cell.
Monotrichous flagella have only one flagellum attached to one side of the cell

## Form and Function

Bacteria/Archaea cells: The primary function of flagella is to allow for cell motility. The flagella are comprised of protein monomers called flagellin. The flagella are able to perform this by spinning in an either clockwise or counterclockwise direction. When the flagella (or flagellum, for monotrichous cells) are spinning in the counterclockwise direction, the flagella is driving the cell forward towards the attractant or away from the deterring signal. When the flagella is rotating clockwise, the entire cell stops the forward movement in order to change direction. The flagella is able to rotate in either direction by generating torque in the basal body. Within the basal body is a specialized protein called the mot protein, which generates torque to propel the circular flagellar motion. The basal body also acts as an anchoring system for the flagella, consisting of a set of rings known as the L, P, MS, and C rings. The flagella is able to switch between the clockwise and counterclockwise directions through Fli proteins, which senses where the attractant/deterrent is, and switches the direction of rotation for the flagella in response to the chemical signal (therefore performing chemotaxis).
Eukaryotic cells: Eukaryotic cell flagella differ from bacterial cells in terms of how the flagella move in order to propel the cell forward. Because eukaryotic cells are much bigger than bacterial cells, instead of a clockwise/counterclockwise direction, most eukaryotic cell flagella move in a “whip-like” motion which is fueled by ATP hydrolysis in the cell. Eukaryotic cells with flagella also have many more microtubules in the membrane to help aid in support during cell chemotaxis.

## References

Slonczewski, Joan, and John Watkins. Foster. Microbiology: An Evolving Science. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2009. Print.
# Structural Biochemistry/Fluorescence
## Overview

Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation. However, when the absorbed electromagnetic radiation is intense, it is possible for one electron to absorb two photons; this two-photon absorption can lead to emission of radiation having a shorter wavelength than the absorbed radiation. The emitted radiation may also be of the same wavelength as the absorbed radiation, termed "resonance fluorescence". The most striking examples of fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye, and the emitted light is in the visible region.

## Role in cell structure

Fluorescent stains reveal structures within the cell dramatically and can allow us to see cellular structure better which can lead to better understanding.

## References

* ↑ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Inside the Cell. September 2005. <http://www.nigms.nih.gov>.
# Structural Biochemistry/Fold.it
## Fold.it is an online game that combines human brain power and computer science together to solve one of the hardest problems in biology--the protein folding problem.

== This game was invented by protein researcher David Baker and his fellow computer scientists from University of Washington. The objective of fold.it is find the best structure(the one that is in the lowest energy level)for desire protein. Players use tools like building hydrogen bonds or rotating the structure around. They collect points as they lower the energy of the structure. Players of fold.it are mostly people who don't have knowledge in protein structures. However, these players has done a lot of amazing works in improving our knowledge of proteins. One of the biggest accomplishments they have done was finding the three dimensional structure of a virus that cause AIDS in monkey in 2011. While the supercomputer tried to solve this protein folding problem for 15 years,a group of gamer found the solution in as short as three weeks. This group of gamer didn't want to reveal their real names but their passion for the game has advanced protein study significantly. If you want to be part of this evolutionary game, you can go to http://fold.it/. The game has a clear interface and is very easy to start. As you learn how to use different tools you can use for the game, you also learn more about all the different amino acids interactions in real actions and see it happen in the game. For more information about professor David Baker and his research work, you can go to http://depts.washington.edu/bakerpg/drupal/. ==
# Toyota Prius/Specifications

* Toyota Prius - Contents
* Toyota Prius
* How it works
* 2004-2006 model
* Specifications
* Driving tricks
* Notable facts
* Rental/purchase
* FAQ
Shares components with:
* Toyota Kluger/Highlander Hybrid
* Lexus RX 400h/Toyota Harrier Hybrid

## Specifications

2004 & 2010 :
| Production: | 2004 to present |
| Class: | Midsize |
| Body styles: | 5-door hatchback |
| Engines: | Hybrid Synergy Drive Gas: 1.5 L Straight-4|I4 DOHC 16 valve VVT-i 57 kW (76 hp) @ 5000 rpm Torque: 115 newton metre|N·m (85 foot pound force) @ 4200 rpm Electric: 500 volt|V 50 kW (67 hp) @ 1200 to 1540 rpm Torque: 400 N·m (295 lbf·ft) @ 0 to 1200 rpm AT-PZEV Hybrid System Net Power: 110 hp (82 kW) |
| Length: | 4450 mm (175.33 in) |
| Width: | 1725 mm (67.97 in) |
| Height: | 1490 mm (58.71 in) |
| Curb weight: | 1325 kg (2921 lb) |
| Predecessor: | 1st Generation (Classic) Prius |
| Successor: | 3rd Generation Prius |
| Also known as: | 2nd Generation (HSD) Prius NHW20 |
| 2000 to 2003 ||
| Production: | 2000 to 2003 |
| Class: | Economy car |
| Body styles: | 4-door sedan |
| Engines: | Toyota Hybrid System Gas: 1.5 L Straight-4|I4 DOHC 16 valve VVT-i Compression: 13.0:1 52 kW (70 hp) @ 4500 rpm Torque: 110 N·m (82 lbf·ft) @ 4200 rpm Electric: 273.6 volt|V 33 kW motor 33 kW (44 hp) @ 1040 to 5600 rpm Torque: 350 N·m (258 lbf·ft) @ 0 to 400 rpm SULEV |
| Length: | 169.6 in |
| Width: | 66.7 in |
| Height: | 57.6 in |
| Curb weight: | 2765 lb |
| Predecessor: | 0th Generation (Original) Prius |
| Successor: | 2nd Generation (HSD) Prius |
| Also known as: | 1st Generation (Classic) Prius NHW11 |
| 1998 to 2001 ||
| Production: | 1998 to 2001 |
| Class: | Economy car |
| Body styles: | 4-door sedan |
| Engines: | Toyota Hybrid System Gas: 1.5 L Straight-4|I4 DOHC 16 valve Compression: 13.5:1 43 kW (58 hp) @ 4000 rpm Torque: 102 N·m (75 lbf·ft) @ 4000 rpm Electric: 288 volt|V 30 kW motor 30 kW (40 hp) @ 940 to 2000 rpm Torque: 305 N·m (225 lbf·ft) @ 0 to 940 rpm |
| Length: | 4275 mm (168.3 in) |
| Width: | 1694 mm (66.7 in) |
| Height: | 1491 mm (58.7 in) |
| Curb weight: | |
| Predecessor: | none |
| Successor: | 1st Generation (Classic) Prius |
| Also known as: | Original Prius NHW10 |
| This article is part of the automobile series. ||
# Toyota Prius/Rental

* Toyota Prius - Contents
* Toyota Prius
* How it works
* 2004-2006 model
* Specifications
* Driving tricks
* Notable facts
* Rental/purchase
* FAQ

## Incentives

Many governments, from the national to local levels, are offering tax and other incentives to encourage people to purchase hybrid and alternative/clean fuels vehicles.

### Carpool lane

Drivers of the Toyota Prius, or other Hybrid-Engine automobiles are allowed to drive by themselves in Carpool (High Occupancy Vehicle) lanes in some US states such as Virginia, California (requires $8 one-time fee for a decal), Florida (requires $5 per year decal), and Utah (requires Clean Fuel-Clean Air license plate).

### Parking

Los Angeles and San Jose, California and Salt Lake City, Utah allow free parking at meters for the Prius (and possibly other hybrids and clean vehicles) for the posted time limit.

### London congestion charge

Prius drivers in London, UK, are exempt from the £8 ($14) daily London congestion charge (requires £10 per year registration).

## Sales

* In January 2005, the Prius became available in South Africa.
* Toyota will increase production by an additional 50% for 2005, now producing 15,000 cars per month, and will import 100,000 into the United States for that model year.
* In June 2004, the Wall Street Journal reported that the backlog for 2004 Prius has reached 22,000 in the US.
* As of April 2004, the expected delivery time for Prius in the Netherlands is one year.
* As of March 2004, the waiting list at a Sonoma County, California dealership was over 100 people long.
* As of February 16, 2004, Toyota USA is not taking new internet orders for the 2004 Prius.
* As of December 14, 2003, the waiting time in Dallas, Texas, USA, was 6 months.

## Car rental

Many Toyota dealerships offer car rentals, allowing prospective buyers to try the Prius. Furthermore, most of the major rental car agencies in the United States are offering hybrid cars for rent. Enterprise Rent A Car has the largest fleet of hybrid cars available, with more than 4000 scattered throughout the country.$^1$ EV Rental Cars, in partnership with Fox Rent-a-Car, offers the Prius for rent at the airports in Phoenix, San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Orange County, Los Angeles, and San Diego.
In Australia, all the major car rental companies have the Prius in their rental fleets. This includes Avis, Budget, Europcar, Hertz heathrow and Thrifty. Availability at a given location varies and largely depends on demand, which is high, and the size of the rental location. It is advisable to book well in advance.
$^1$ Source: www.Hybrid-Rental-Car.com
# Tagalog/Bahay Kubo
## Lyrics
### Tagalog

Bahay kubo, kahit munti, ang halaman doon ay sari-sari, Singkamas at talong, Sigarilyas at mani, Sitaw, bataw, patani; Kundol, patola, upo't kalabasa at saka mayroon pa Labanos, mustasa Sibuyas, kamatis, bawang at luya sa paligid-ligid ay puno ng linga.
# Tagalog/Appendix E
## Tagalog/Filipino common phrases

Note: The more polite or formal forms of some phrases — those which make use of the word pô — should generally be used when speaking to persons of authority and seniority, or to show reverence to the person to whom spoken. With friends and in casual situations, pô need not be used. Also, in modern written Filipino/Tagalog, diacritical marks are not essential, and are omitted.
| Translation | Phrase | IPA | Pronunciation |
| Tagalog | Tagalog | /tɐ"galog/ | (ta-GA-log) |
| Filipino | Pilipino | /%pili"pino/ | (pi-li-PI-no) |
| Hello/How are you? | Kumustá/Kumustá ka? | /kumus"ta (ka)/ | (ku-mus-TAH (KA?)) |
| I’m fine, and you? | Mabuti namán, ikáw? | /mɐ"butɛ nɐ"man, ʔi"kaʊ̯/ | (ma-BU-ti na-MAN, iKAW?) |
| Good-bye | Paalam (pô) | /pɐ"ʔalam (poʔ)/ | (pa-AH-lam (PO)) |
| Please | pakí-(verb) (pô) | /pɐ"ki (poʔ)/ | (pah-KI (PO)) |
| Thank you | Salamat (pô) | /sɐ"lamat (poʔ)/ | (sa-LAH-mat (PO)) |
| You're welcome | Waláng anumán (pô) (literally, “No problem”) | /ʊɐ"laŋ ʔɐnu"man (poʔ)/ | (wa-LANG a-nu-MAN (PO)) |
| That one (object far from person spoken to) | Iyon (pô) [demonstrative] Ayun (pô) [reflective] | /ʔi"jon (poʔ)/ | (i-YON (PO), a-YUN (PO)) |
| That one (object near to/held by person spoken to) | Iyan (pô) [demonstrative] Ayan (pô)" [reflective] | /ʔi"jan (poʔ)/ | (i-YAN (PO)) |
| How much? | Magkano (pô)? | /mɐg"kano (poʔ)/ | (mag-KAH-no (PO)?) |
| English language | wikang Ingglés | /ʔɪŋ"glɛs/ | (ing-GLES) |
| Yes | Oo / Opò (polite form) | /"oʔo/, /"opoʔ/ | (O-o) / (O-po) (all o's pronounced neutral) |
| No | Hindî | /hɪn"diʔ/, /hɪn"dɛʔ/ | (hin-DI) or (hin-DE) |
| No (polite form) | Hindí pô | /hɪn"di (poʔ)/ | (hin-DI PO) |
| Where's the bathroom? | Nasaán ang banyo? | /%nasɐʔan ʔaŋ "banjo/ | (NA-sa-AN ang BAN-yoh?) |
| What is your name? | Anó ang pangalan mo? | /ʔɐ"no ʔaŋ pɐ"ŋalan mo/ | (ah-NOH ang pa-NGA-lan MOH?) |
| Sorry | Paumanhín (pô) | /pɐʔuman"hin (poʔ)/ | (pa-u-man-HIN (PO)) |
| I don’t know | Hindí ko (pô) alám | /hɪn"di ko (po) ʔa"lam/ | (hin-DI ko (PO) a-LAM) |
| I don’t understand | Hindí ko (pô) naíintindihan | /hɪn"di ko (po) na"iɪntindihan/ | (hin-DI ko (PO) na-I-in-tin-di-han) |
| Nakalimutan ko. | I forgot. | |
| Welcome/Generic toast | Mabuhay! (literally, “Long live!”) | /mɐ"buhaɪ/ | (ma-BU-hai) |
| I am sick | Masamâ (pô) ang pakiramdám ko (literally, “I’m not feeling well”) | /masɐ"maʔ (po) ʔaŋ pɐkiɾɐm"dam ko/ | (ma-sa-MAH po ang pa-ki-ram-DAM ko) |
| Do you speak English? | Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Ingglés? | /mɐ"runɔŋ ka baŋ mɐgsali"ta naŋ ʔɪŋ"glɛs/ | (ma-ROO-nong ka BANG mag-sa-li-TA nang ing-GLES?) |
# Tagalog/Appendix D

The following appendix contains information about the salawikain, or traditional Filipino proverb. The salawikain, also known as the kasabihan ("saying"), is part of a rich Filipino cultural tradition, many of which are very old and date back to pre-colonial or colonial times.
The salawikain is a very important part of Philippine history, since it is one of the contributions early Filipinos have made to Philippine history and culture.

## Mga Salawikain (Proverbs)

Here are some examples of the salawikain:
Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan. "He who does not look back from where he came will never reach his destination."
Ang isda ay hinuhuli sa bibig. Ang tao, sa salita. "Fish are caught by the mouth. People, by their word."
Ang hindi magmahal sa kaniyang wika ay mahigit pa sa hayop at malansang isda. (José Rizal)
"He who doesn't love his language is worse than an animal or a rotten fish."
Nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa. "God has compassion, man has action."
Magbiro lamang sa lasing, huwag lang sa bagong gising. "Joke around with someone who is drunk, but not with someone newly awoken."
Magsama-sama at malakas, magwatak-watak at babagsak. "United we stand, divided we fall."
Aanhin pa ang damo kung patay na ang kabayo. "What's the use of grass when the horse is already dead."
Habang may buhay, may pag-asa. "While there is life, there is hope."
Ang maaabot nang paupo, huwag nang kunin nang patayo. "What can be reached by sitting down, do not get by standing up."
Ang bahay mo man ay bato kung ang nakatira'y kuwago, mabuti pa ang isang kubo kung nakatira'y tao. "Your house may be stone if an owl lives in it, but good is a hut when a person lives in it."
Anak na di paluin, ina ay paluluhain. "A child that will not be spanked will make the mother cry."
^ Table of Contents ^ | <<Appendix C: Slang | Appendix D: Proverbs