# Dutch/Lesson 3A

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* Beginner level: cycle 1
Lesson 3A ~ Lesson 3A
De tijd ~ The time
* • Het zwembad ~ The swimming pool
* • Fill in the blanks
* • Time telling
* • Poem

## Gesprek 3A; Het zwembad

Vocabulary :
| het zwembad | swimming pool |
| de fiets | bicycle |
| laat | late |
| het badpak | bathing suit |
| de handdoek | towel |
| meenemen | take with |
| zwemmen | swim |
| stom | stupid |
Jannie is going to school
    Mother: What time will you be home?
       Jannie: School finishes at 3:35, but I want to go swimming
    Mother: Not alone, I hope?
       Jannie: No, with Ineke and Gerda. We are going to the swimming pool at four.
    Mother: How are you going there?
       Jannie: On our bikes.
    Mother: And until when will you stay there to swim?
       Jannie: Until a quarter past five. Then I'll be home again just before six o'clock
    Mother: Have you got your bathing suit and your towel
       Jannie: Oh, no! I do have to take those with me... How stupid of me...

## Fill-in-the-blank 3A-1

* Op een middag gingen de vrienden tot één uur _____.
* Het _____ getal in de reeks 1 2 3 4 5 heet vijf.
* Drie plus zeven is _____
* Elf minus drie is _____
* Twee maal zes is _____
* Twaalf gedeeld door vier is _____
* Jannie komt om ____ weer thuis.
* De ____ van Mt. Everest is 8.848 meter.

## Fill-in-the-blank 3A-2

Put the following words in the right sentence:
    eigenlijk, gisteren, langzaam, nieuw, prettig, klokkentoren, liever, pak, kennis te maken, nu
    Vandaag is het de twaalfde Mei, dus ______ was het de elfde.
    Zij wilde _____ liever buiten zitten.
    Op de _____ zien ze dat het twee uur is.
    Ik kan hem goed verstaan. Hij praat ______
    Heb je een _____ fiets? Erg mooi!
    Hij is gisteren uit Engeland gekomen en hij is ___ hier op bezoek.
    Hij stelt zich voor en zegt : "Aangenaam met u _____!"
    Nee, geen thee voor mij. Ik heb _____ een biertje.
    De meneer in het restaurant zei: "Ik _____ even de menukaarten".
    Het was erg _____ buiten op het terras.

## Vocabulary

Go and practice your colors if you have not already. Then fill in the blanks:
| Deze kikker is ____. | Deze vogel is ____. | Dit cavansiet is ____ | Zwavel is ____. | Dit stuk biotiet is ____ |

## Pronunciation drill 3A

    Dat begrijp ik niet - I don't understand that
    Ik spreek geen Nederlands - I don't speak Dutch

## Exercise 3A-1: Gender

Put the correct definite article de or het in front of these nouns and translate:
    grootte
    heuvel
    kanaal
    lamp
    meisje
    mens
    doedelzak
    dorp
    golf
    eiland
    sloot
    piano
    thee
    toeter
    water
    week
    straat
    warmte
    de grootte - size
    de heuvel - hill
    het kanaal - canal
    de lamp - lamp
    het meisje -girl
    de mens - human being
    de doedelzak - bagpipe
    het dorp - village
    de golf - wave
    het eiland - island
    de sloot - ditch
    de piano - piano
    de thee - tea
    de toeter - claxon
    het water - water
    de week - week
    de straat - street
    de warmte - heat

## Some more about telling time
### Expressing pm versus am

In Dutch, rather than using am/pm, the 24 hours of a day are roughly divided in four 6 hour periods with four adverbial expressions. Click on the arrows to hear the pronunciation.
| 3am: | drie | uur | 's nachts |
| 9am: | negen | uur | 's morgens |
| 3pm: | drie | uur | 's middags |
| 9pm: | negen | uur | 's avonds |
Notice that each of these adverbial expressions start with 's. It is an abbreviation of the old genitive masculine of the article de: des. The nouns behind it also have an -s as ending. This too is an old fossilized genitive. Dutch no longer has a functioning system of case endings like German does, but there is plenty of relics still in daily use.
The nouns used are:
| de nacht the night | de morgen the morning | de middag the afternoon | de avond the evening |
Instead of "'s morgens" one can also use "'s ochtends"
The times 12pm and 12am are called
| de middernacht midnight | het middaguur noon |

### Parts of the hour

We have seen that "half" is used to show the half hour, but the usage is different by one whole hour
* Halftwee 's middags - Half past one in the afternoon.
The quarter hours are not so hard
* Kwart voor twee - 1h45
* Kwart over twee - 2h15
A few minutes before or after the hour go the same way:
* Vijf voor vier: 3h55
* Tien over vier: 4:10
However, closer to the half hours, the half hour can be taken as reference point:
* Vijf over half twee: 1:35
* Tien voor half zes: 5:20
In the latter case we can also use the closest whole hour as reference point:
* Twintig na vijf: 5:20

### Numbers after a preposition

When an approximate reference to an hour is given by just a numeral after a preposition, the numeral may have an ending -en. Once again this is a relict of the case endings, a dative in this case.
E.g. the last example could also be
* Twintig na vijven: 5:20
This is more common in sentences like
    Het is even voor drieën - It's almost three o'clock
    Het loopt al tegen tienen - It's running on ten o'clock
    Na zessen is het bureau gesloten - After six the bureau is closed.

## Time to sleep

Study the following poem by Willem Willink and then watch the video
    The sheep is sleepy
       The cow is tired
    The pig closes its little eyes
       The horse looks over the barbed wire and thinks: "It is awfully late".
    The hen softly says "tok" once again, and och, there she sleeps on her stick
       The farmer also crawls into bed, nice and snug next to the farmer's wife.
There is also a version with music by Harry Bannink.
In case you want to wish someone good night:
welterusten!

## Quizlet

The vocabulary of this lesson can be practiced at Quizlet (31 terms)

## Progress made

If you have studied the material above well you should
* know your colors
* be able to tell time 24 hours a day.
* have gained another 31 vocabulary terms
Cumulative term count
    Lessons 1: 226
    Lessons 2: 161
    Lesson 3: 44 3A: 31

### Grand total

    462 terms.