OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Slovak/Introduction

Slovak is a Western Slavonic language spoken by about 5.6 million people in Slovakia and also in Canada, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Ukraine and the USA. Slovak is closely related to Czech, Polish, and Sorbian.
# Sloncinka

Hello and welcome to WikiBooks. Here, you'll learn the Sloncinka conlang created by Andrew Pereira. Here we go!

## CONTENTS
### Phonetics and Phonology

Phones Syllables Phonotactics Sandhi rules

### Grammar, Morphology and Syntax

Forms Nouns Verbs Adjectives and adverbs Derivation Clauses Alignement Voice Relative clauses Forming words

### History

Common sound changes Grammar changes Ethymology and word origins Basic words
# Slovak/Slovak alphabet
## Slovak alphabet (slovenská abeceda) & pronunciation

Slovak Alphabet
English Sound
Pronunciation Example
* A a a as in apple
* Á á aː as in father
* Ä ä æ, ɛ as in aerial
* B b b as in brother
* C c t͡s as in cats
* Č č t͡ʃ as in match
* D d d as in do
* Ď ď ɟ, dʲ as in dew
* Dz dz d͡z as in beds
* Dž dž d͡ʒ as in John
* E e e as in enter
* É é eː as in their
* F f f as in foot
* G g ɡ as in go
* H h ɦ as in house
* Ch ch x as in the German Bach
* I i ɪ as in sit
* Í í iː as in sea,
* J j j as in you
* K k k as in king
* L l l, l̩ as in love
* Ĺ ĺ l̩ː as in Luvre
* Ľ ľ ʎ, lʲ as in million
* M m m as in mother
* N n n as in net
* Ň ň ɲ, nʲ as in news
* O o ɔ as in orbit
* Ó ó ɔː as in door
* Ô ô u̯o as in won't
* P p p as in power
* Q q kv as in kvet
* R r r, r̩ as in rain
* Ŕ ŕ r̩ː as in Roma
* S s s as in star
* Š š ʃ as in shower
* T t t as in take
* Ť ť c, tʲ as in tube
* U u u as in tuna
* Ú ú uː as in fool
* V v v as in vision
* W w v as in water
* X x ks as in taxi
* Y y ɪ as in city
* Ý ý iː as in feel
* Z z z as in zebra
* Ž ž ʒ as in pleasure
# Sloncinka/Forms

Here we gonna discuss the way words can be altered to create new meanings.

## Morphological

The morphological ways of marking a word are often referred to under the collective term affixes. There are lots of different types of affixes and we'll look at some of the most common ones here.

### Prefixes and Suffixes

Prefixes and suffixes are small word fragments that are added to the beginning or end of a word in order to change its meaning. Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word and suffixes are added to the end.
Example:
Канне(dog) with the nominative plural suffix -ы becomes Канны(dogs)
Амбуляре(walk) with the 3rd person singular present tense suffix -ат becomes Амбулат(walks)
# Slovak/Numbers

* Zero Nula
* One Jeden, jedna, jedno
* Two Dva, dve
* Three Tri
* Four Štyri
* Five Päť
* Six Šesť
* Seven Sedem
* Eight Osem
* Nine Deväť
* Ten Desať
# Structural Biochemistry/PLC enzyme
## Overview

PLC, which stands for phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, is an enzyme that is linked to common signalling components for most cellular receptors for activation.
Some characteristics of PLC families include:
* complex
* modular
* multi-domain proteins
* cover broad spectrum for regulatory interactions

## PLC enzymes: Functions and Signaling Diversity

PLC enzymes can be found in eukaryotes. Some of their specific functions and functions of its components include:
* cleaving the phosphtidylinoitol 4,5-bissphosphate's polar head group using the enzyme's related group of proteins
* generating 2 second messengers, which are inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (this i second messenger that is universal in calcium mobilizing) and diacylglycerol (this activates several types of effector proteins). Second messengers helps in regulating a variety of biological functions such as cell motility, sensory transduction, and fertilisation.
* phosphoinositide species has an important role in targeting specific subcellular compartments. They target components that are important in control of cell movement and membrane trafficking.

## PLC enzymes: Structural Elements

An N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain is part of a conserved core architecture that PLC families share. They also share a C-terminal domain, a TIM barrel that is catalytic, and a series of EF hands. A conserved domain in the PLC isoforms are TIM barrel. They are both functionally and structurally conserved. In other domains, properties in ligand binding can vary. Due to the findings of the core structure from PLC g1, it is revealed that inter-domain interactions are extensive. The domains of EF hands, C2 domain, and TIM barrel probably has similar structures as the N-terminal PH domain of PLCs.

## PLC Families

They have six families consisting of thirteen isoforms in humans. These six families are PLCb, g, d, e, z and h. Compared to other families, PLC b and PLC g have had their regulatory interactions more extensively characterised. In heterotrimeric G proteins, PLC g isoforms has had its regulation through receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases distinguished from PLC b isoforms' regulation. It has been found that the Ras Family has small GTPases that directly regulates PLC e. The Rho Family has small GTPases and heterotrimeric G protein subunits can stimulate the enzyme activity of PLC e. This shows that there is an unlikely chance that PLC g isoforms mediates tyrosine kinase linked receptors to stimulate PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis. Also, it is unlikely that the PLC b isofroms are the only enzymes that activate G protein coupled receptors. There is a possibility that PLC e may also participate in PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis which tyrosine kinase receptors and GPCRs can trigger.

## References

PLC regulation: emerging pictures for molecular mechanisms. Bunney TD, Katan M. Trends Biochem Sci. 2011 Feb;36(2):88-96. Epub 2010 Oct 1. Review.
# Structural Biochemistry/Ovarian Cancer
### What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer which abnormal cells begin to grow in one or both of a woman's ovaries. An ovary is a small gland, located on both sides of the uterus; it is known for producing and storing eggs.

### Causes of Ovarian Cancer

There is no known cause of ovarian cancer, however researchers know that DNA chances can play a factor into cancer causing cells.

### Signs & Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

In several cases, ovarian cancer is not diagnosed until it is in its later stages. However, the most common symptoms of ovarian cancer are:
* Frequent bloating
* Pelvic or abdominal pain
* Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
* Bloating or swollen belly area
If these symptoms persist daily for more than 2 to 3 weeks, it is best to consult a doctor.
There are other symptoms that occur with ovarian cancer, but are not necessarily a sign of cancer. They consist of:
* Fatigue
* Indigestion
* Back pain
* Pain with intercourse
* Constipation
* Menstrual cycle changes

### Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer

Unfortunately, ovarian cancer is often not detected in its earlier stages. However, some tests are done if a patient is showing signs of ovarian cancer.
Some exams that are used to diagnose ovarian cancer include:
* Biopsy
* Physical exams, including a pelvic exam and a Pap test
* Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) test to measure amount of protein found on cancer cell surfaces
* Pelvic and transvaginal ultrasounds
* Pelvic or abdominal CT scan or MRI

### Treating Ovarian Cancer

At the moment, surgery is used to treat all stages of ovarian cancer. Surgery can involve either:
* Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy)
* Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes
* Partial or complete removal of the omentum (the fatty later that covers and cushions the organs in the abdomen)
* Examination, biopsy, or removal of the lymph node and other tissues in the pelvis and abdomen
Surgery in ovarian cancer has been known to show a high success rate.
Chemotherapy is also an option to treat any remaining cancerous cells after surgery.

### References

* http://www.webmd.com/ovarian-cancer/default.htm
* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001891/
# Structural Biochemistry/P63

p63, also known as TP63 (tumor protein p63), is encoded by the TP63 gene. It is also part of the p53 family along with p53 and p73. It was discovered in 1998 as a p53-related ortholog in mouse and human cells. Similarly to p53 and p73, p63 also has domains that are highly conserved across the family. Because of this homology, it is believed that the three genes in the p53 family have the same functions. However, after studying the genes more specifically and carefully, it was been shown that even though the genes may performs some of the same functions, they each have unique physiological roles. p63 has been associated more with have a developmental role rather than a tumor suppressing role. All three genes can cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but like p73, there is alternative splicing for p63 that produces different isoforms of p63. α forms contain the sterile alpha motif (SAM) that is responsible for mediating protein-protein interactions.

## Structure

The structure of p63 seems to be more similar to the structure of p73 than to p53. p63 has a long transactivation domain (TA), a DNA binding domain (DBD) and an oligomerization domain (OD) that are all highly conserved with the corresponding domains in p53 and p73. The protein is composed of 15 exons and various isoforms of protein exist. Isoforms containing the long transactivation domain as known as TA forms and are the full-length protein TAp63, while isoforms that do have only the short (~15-18 amino acid residues) transactivation domain are called ΔN forms, ΔNp63. Each form can undergo alternative splicing that produces three different C-termini forms, α, β, or γ Additionally, both TAp63α and ΔNp63α also have a sterile alpha motif (SAM) interacting domain at its C-terminus that is responsible for mediating protein-protein interactions. The ΔNp63 isoform of p63 (like the ΔNp73 isoform of p73) does have only the short N-terminal TA domain and this p63 isoform seems to be the main negative inhibitors of TAp63 isoforms as well as other family members of the p53 family, similar to role of the ΔNp73 isoform.

# Reference

* 1 2 3 4 Little, Natalie A; Jochemsen, Aart G (2002). "p63". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 34 (1): 6–9. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00086-3.
* 1 2 3 Graziano, Vincenzo; De Laurenzi, Vincenzo (2011). "Role of p63 in cancer development". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1816 (1): 57–66. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.04.002. PMID 21515338.
* ↑ Melino, G (2011). "P63 is a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis interacting with mutant p53". Cell Death and Differentiation. 18 (9): 1487–99. doi:10.1038/cdd.2011.81. PMC 3178431. PMID 21760596.
* ↑ Nekulova, Marta; Holcakova, Jitka; Coates, Philip; Vojtesek, Borivoj (2011). "The role of P63 in cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells". Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters. 16 (2): 296–327. doi:10.2478/s11658-011-0009-9. PMID 21442444.
# Wampanoag/Seasons of the Year

|NQuittaqúnnegat.| `One day.' |Neesqúnnagat.| `2 dayes. ' |Shuckqunóckat.| `3 dayes.' |Yowunnóckat|, &c. `4 dayes.' |Piuckaqúnnagat.| `10 dayes.' |Piuckaqunnagat nabnaquít.|- `11 dayes.' |Piuckaqúnnagat nabneeze|0, &c. `12 dayes.' |Neesneechektashuckqunnóckat.|0 `20 dayes.' |Neesneechektashuckqunnockat-nabnaquít.|0- &c. `21 dayes.' |Séquan.| `The Spring.' |Aukeeteámitch.| `Spring, or Seed-time.' |Néepun|, {&} |Quaqúsquan.| `Summer.' |Taquònck.| `Fall of leafe and Antumne.' |Papòne.| `Winter.' |Saséquacup.| `This Spring last.'
Yo <66> <T{he seasons of the Yeare}.>
|Yo neepúnnacup.| `This Summer last.' |Yò taquónticup.| `This Harvest last.' |Papapôcup.| `Winter last.' |Yaúnedg.| `The last yeere.' |Nippaúus.| `The Sunne.' |Munnánnock.| |Nanepaúshat.| `The Moone.' |Nqnitpawsuckenpaúus.|- `1 Moneth.' |Neespausuck npaúus.| `2 Moneths.' |Shwe pausuck npaúus|- &c. `3 Moneths.' |Neesneáhettit| `2 Moneths.' |Shwinneáhettit.| `3 Moneths.' |Yowinneáhettit|, &c. `4 Moneths.'
{Obs.} They have thirteen {Moneths} according to the severall {Moones}; and they give to each of them significant names: {as},
|Sequanakéeswush.| `Spring moneth.' |Neepunnakéeswush.| `Summer moneth.' |Taquontikéeswush.| `Harvest moneth.' |Paponakéeswush|, &c. `Winter moneth, &c.' |Nquittecautúmmo.| `1 Yeere.' |Tashecautúmmo?| `How many yeeres?' |Chashecautúmmo cuttáppemus?| `How many yeeres since you were borne?' |Neesecautúmmo.| `2 Yeere.' |Shwecautúmmo.| `3 Yeere.'
Yowecau- <67> <F 2> <T{he seasons of the Yeare}.>
|Yowecautúmmo.| `4 Yeere.' |Piukquecautúmmo.| `10 Yeere.' |Piuckquecautúmmo, nabnaquít|, &c. `11 Yeere; &c.'
{Obs.} If the yeere prove drie, they have great and solemne meetings from all parts at one high place, to supplicate their gods, and to beg raine, and they will continue in this worship ten dayes, a fortnight; yea, three weckes, until raine come.
|Tashìnash papónash?| `How many winters?' |Ahauqushapapòne.| `A sharpe winter.' |Kéesqush keesuckquâi.|- `By day.' |Náukocks nokannáwi.|- `By night.'
# Wampanoag/The heavens and heavenly lights

|Kéesuck.| `The Heavens.' |Keesucquìu.| `Heavenward.' |Aúke, Aukeeaseìu.| `Downwards.' |Nippâwus.| `The Sun.' |Keesuckquànd.| `A name of the Sun.'
({Obs.}) By which they acknowledge the Sun, and adore for a God or divine power.
|Munnánnock.| `A name of the Sun.' |Nanepaùshat|, {&}} `The Moone.' |Munnánnock.| } |Wequáshim.| `A light Moone.' |Pashpìshea.| `The Moone is up.' |Yo wuttúttan.| `So high.'
{Obs.} And so they use the same rule, and words for the course of the Moone in the {Night}. as they use for the course of the Sun by {Day}, which wee mentioned in the Chapter of the Houre, or time of the Day concerning the Sunnes rising, , course, or Sunne setting.
|Yò Ockquitteunk.| `A new Moone.' |Paushésui.| `Halfe Moone.' |Yo wompanámmit.|
{Obs.} The Moone so old, which they measure by the setting of it, especially when it shines till |Wómpan|, or day.
|Anóckqus: anócksuck.| `A Starre Starres.'
{Obs.} By occasion of their frequent lying in the Fields and Woods, they much observe the Starres, and their very children can give Names to many of them, and observe their Motions, and they have the same words for their rising-courses and setting, as for the Sun or Moone, as before.
|Mosk| or |Paukúnawaw| the great Beare, or {Charles Waine}, which words |Mosk|, or |Paukúnnawwáw|- signifies a Beare, which is so much the more observable, because, in most Languages that signe or Constellation is called the Beare.
|Shwishcuttowwáuog| `The Golden Metewand.' |Mishánnock.| `The morning Starre.' |Chippápuock.| `The Brood-hen', &c.
# Wampanoag/Parts of the Body

* Uppaquóntup (The head)
* Nuppaquóntup (My head)
* Wésheck (The hair)
* |Wuchechepúnnock.| `A great bunch of hayre bound up behind.'
* |Múppacuck.| `A long locke.'
* |Wuttíp.| `The brain.'
* |Mscáttuck.| `The foreheed.'
* |Wuskeésuck-quash.| `Eye, or eyes.'
* |Tiyùsh kusskeésuckquash?|- `Can you not see, or where are your eyes?'
* |Wuchaún.| `The nostrills.'
* |Wuttóvwog, guàsh.| `Eare, eares.'
* |Wuttòne.| `The mouth.'
* |Wéenat.| `The tongue.'
* |Wépit-teash.| `Tooth, teeth.'
* |Pummaumpiteùnck.| `The tooth-ake.'
{Obs.} Which is the onely paine will force their stout hearts to cry; I cannot heare of any disease of the stone amongst them (the corne of the Countrey, with which they are fed from the wombe, being an admirable cleanser and opener:) but the paine of their womens childbirth (of which I shall speake afterward in the Chapter of {Marriage}) never forces their women so to cry, as I have heard some of their men in this paine.
In this paine they use a certaine root dried, not much unlike our {Ginger}.
* |Sìtchipuck.| `The necke.'
* |Qúttuck.| `The throat.'
* |Timeqúassin.| `To cut off or behead.'
* |Mapànnog.| `The breast.'
* |Wuppìttene énash.| `Arme, Armes.'
* |Wuttàh.| `The heart.'
* |Wunnêtu nittà.| `My heart is good.'
{Obs.} This speech they use when ever they professe their honestie; they naturally confessing that all goodnesse is first in the heart.
* |Mishquìnash.| `The vaines.'
* |Mishquè, néepuck.| `The blood.'
* |Uppusquàn.| `The backe.'
* |Nuppusquànnick.| `My back, or at my back.'
* |Wunnìcheke.| `Hand.'
* |Wunnickégannash.| `Hands.'
* |Mokássuck.| `Nayles.'
* |Wunnáks.| `The bellie.'
* |Apòme, Apòmash.| `The thigh, the thighs.'
* |Mohcònt, tash.| `A legge, legs.'
* |Wussète, tash.| `A foot, feet.'
* |Wunnichéganash.| `The toes.'
* |Tou wuttìnsin.| `What manner of man?'
* |Tou núckquaque.| `Of what bignesse?'
* Wompésu, Mowêsu, and Suckêsu (White, Black, or Swarfish)
For, |Sucki| is black, and |Waú acone|, one that weares clothes, whence {English, Dutch, French, Scotch}, they call |Wautaconâuog|, or {Coatmen}.
* |Cummìnakese.| `You are strong.'
* |Minikêsu.| `Strong.'
* |Minioquêsu.| `Weake.'
* |Cummìniocquese.| `Weake you are.'
* |Qunnaúqussu.| `A tall man.'
* |Qunnauqussìtchick.| `Tall men.'
* |Tiaquónqussu.| `Low and short.'
* |Tiaquonqussìchick.| `Men of lowe stature.'
* |Wunnêtu-wock.| `Proper and personall.'
# Wampanoag/Time of Day

{Obs.} THey are punctuall in measuring their {Day} by the {Sunne}, and their {Night} by the {Moon} and the {Starres}, and their lying much abroad in the ayre; and so living in the open fields, occasioneth even the youngest amongst them to be very observant of those {Heavenly} Lights.
|Mautáubon, Chicháuquat wompan.|- `It is day.' |Aumpatâuban.| `It is broad day.' |Tou wuttúttan?| `How high is the Sunne?' that is, `What is't a clocke?' |Páspisha.| `It is Sunne-rise.' |Nummáttaquaw.| `Fore-noone.' |Yáhen Páushaquaw.| `Allmost noone.' |Páweshaquaw.| `Noone.' |Quttukquaquaw Panicómpaw.| `After dinner.'
Naw <63> <Of {the time of the day}.>
|Nawwâuwquaw.| `After-noone.' |Yo wuttúttan.| `The Sunne thus high.' |Yáhen waiyàuw.| `Allmost Sun-set.' |Wayaàwi.| `The Sun is set.' |Wunnáuquit:| `Evening.' |Póppakunnetch, auchaugotch.|- `Darke night.' |Túppaco|, {&} `Toward night.' |Otematìppocat.| |Nanashowatìppocat.| `Midnight.' |Chouóeatch.| `About Cockcrowing.' |Kitompanisha.| `Breake of day.' |Yò tàunt nippéean.| `The Sun thus high, I will come.'
{Obs.} They are punctuall in their promises of keeping time; and sometimes have charged mee with a lye for not punctually keeping time, though hindred.
|Yo tàunt cuppeeyâumen.|- `Come by the Sunne thus high.' |Anamakéesuck.| `This day.' |Saúop.| `To morrow.' |Wussâume tátsha.| `It is too late.' |Tiaquockaskéesakat.| `A short day.' |Quawquonikéesakat.| `A long day.' |Quawquonikeesaqútcheas.|- `Long dayes.'
Nquit- <64> <Of {the time of the day}.>
|Nquittakeesiquóckat,| } `One dayes walke.' |Nquittakeespúmmishen.|-} |Paukúnnum.| `Darke.' |Wequâi.| `Light.' |Wequáshim.| `Moon-light.'
# Wampanoag/Painting

Colours :
| Wómpi | White |
| Mówi-súcki | Black |
| Msqùi | Red |
| Wesaûi | Yellow |
| Askáski | Green |
| Peshaúi | Blue |
* Mìshquock (Red Earth)
* Métewis (Black Earth)
* Aunakêsu (He is painted)
* Aunakéuck (They are painted)
* Tawhítch aunakéan? (Why do you paint yourself?)
* Chéskhosh (Wipe off)
* Wussuckhòsu (A painted Coat)
* Culture Observation
* They paint their Garments, etc... The men paint their faces in War. Both men and women for pride, etc...
# Nouns
## Plurals
#### -wr and -wyr

If a noun ends with -wr (meaning "man"), as in "milwr" (soldier), change the stem into -wyr.
Examples
| Singular | Plural | English |
| Milwr | Milwyr | Soldier - Soldiers |
| Helwr | Helwyr | Hunter - Hunters |
| Saethwr | Saethwyr | Archer - Archers |
You can make a -wr noun feminine by changing it into -wraig. For the plural, change this into -wragedd.
Examples
| Singular | Plural | English |
| Milwraig | Milwragedd | Soldier - Soldiers (f) |
| Helwraig | Helwragedd | Hunter - Hunters (f) |
| Saethwraig | Saethwragedd | Archer - Archers (f) |

## The Genitive
#### Indefinite

To turn a word into an indefinite genitive (of a...), simply write:
object subject
For example, if the object was "milwyr" (soldiers), and the subject was "Cymru" (Wales), the sentence would be "milwyr Cymru" (Soldiers of Wales).

#### Definite

To turn a word into a definite genitive (of the...), simply write
object y/yr subject
For example, if the object was "carreg" (rock), and the subject was "mynydd" (mountain), the sentence would be "carreg y mynydd" (Rock of the mountain).
Note that "y" causes a soft mutation before a feminine noun
For example, if the object was "gwallt" (hair), and the subject was "merch" (girl, feminine noun), the sentence would be "gwallt y ferch" (Hair of the girl, the girl's hair).
# Welsh/Sylfaen/Gwers 2
## Gramadeg

| Pronoun | Form | Pronoun | Form |
| Fi | Roeddwn i | Ni | Roedden ni |
| Ti | Roeddet ti | Chi | Roeddech chi |
| Fe / hi | Roedd e / hi | Nhw | Roedden nhw |

## Adolygu

* The imperfect tense is used for actions one 'used to' do or other past tense functions, such as recounting a story or time period.
* In addition, some verbs do not even have preterite past tense forms, such as 'gwybod' (to know)
# Welsh/Sylfaen/Gwers 5
## Gramadeg

| | Affirmative statement | Negative statement | Interrogative | Yes | No |
| Fi | dylwn i | ddylwn i ddim | ddylwn i? | dylwn | na ddylwn |
| Ti | dylet ti | ddylet ti ddim | ddylet ti? | dylet | na ddylet |
| Fe/Hi | dylai e/hi | ddylai e/hi ddim | ddylai e/hi? | dylai | na ddylai |
| Ni | dylen ni | ddylen ni ddim | ddylen ni? | dylen | na ddylen |
| Chi | dylech chi | ddylech chi ddim | ddylech chi? | dylech | na ddylech |
| Nhw | dylen nhw | ddylen nhw ddim | ddylen nhw? | dylen | na ddylen |

## Adolygu

The stem dyl- with the endings of the conditional tense is used to express 'should'/'ought to'.
* Dylwn i fod yn y gwely - 'I should be in bed'
# Welsh Number System

Welsh, being a Celtic language, traditionally used the base 20 (vigesimal) system. This system is common among adults, but not so common among children (who now use the newer base 10 system).

## Vigesimal System

Using a base of 20 means that numbers start counting again when you reach 20 instead of the modern (and common) 10. A few vestiges of this type of system exist in English (e.g Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address: Four score and seven years ago...) as well as in other languages (French 80 quatre-vingts, lit. four twenties)
The numbers (1-20):
| 1 | Un | 11 | Unarddeg |
| 2 | Dau | 12 | Deuddeg |
| 3 | Tri | 13 | Tri ar ddeg |
| 4 | Pedwar | 14 | Pedwar ar ddeg |
| 5 | Pump | 15 | Pymtheg |
| 6 | Chwech | 16 | Un ar bymtheg |
| 7 | Saith | 17 | Dau ar bymtheg |
| 8 | Wyth | 18 | Deunaw |
| 9 | Naw | 19 | Pedwar ar bymtheg |
| 10 | Deg | 20 | Ugain |
(Note deunaw literally means "two nines" - 18)
From this point, we count the same, only adding ar hugain (on twenty) at the end
| 21 | Un ar hugain |
| 22 | Dau ar hugain |
| 23 | Tri ar hugain |
| 24 | Pedwar ar hugain |
| 25 | Pump ar hugain |
| 26 | Chwech ar hugain |
| 27 | Saith ar hugain |
| 28 | Wyth ar hugain |
| 29 | Naw ar hugain |
| 30 | Deg ar hugain |
| 31 | Unarddeg ar hugain |
| 32 | Deuddeg ar hugain |
| 33 | Tri ar ddeg ar hugain |
| 34 | Pedwar ar ddeg ar hugain |
| 35 | Pymtheg ar hugain |
| 36 | Un ar bymtheg ar hugain |
| 37 | Dau ar bymtheg ar hugain |
| 38 | Deunaw ar hugain |
| 39 | Pedwar ar bymtheg ar hugain |
| 40 | Deugain |
- This system repeats itself until 60 (note, 50 on its own is often called Hanner cant - half a hundred), and on again until 80
* Trigain - 60
* Pedwar Ugain - 80
When we get to 100, we use cant. This time, we use cant a/ac, thus:
* Cant ac un - 101
* Cant ac un ar hugain - 121 (literally One hundred and one on twenty)

## Further numbers

* Mil - 1000
* Deg Mil - 10,000
* Can Mil - 100,000
* Miliwn - 1 Million
* Biliwn - 1 Billion

## Decimal System

As Welsh language education took off, the difficulties of using a base 20 number when trying to teach children maths became apparent (three score and eleven minus three, anyone?), so a decimal system in common with other Indo-European languages was set up to make the teaching in Welsh simpler. This system has become common among the younger generation, in the same way the metric system has taken hold in the UK as a whole. The decimal system is very simply sum-of-parts: 34 is "three 10 four" tri deg pedwar, 20 is "two 10" dau ddeg.