OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/Atomic emission spectrum

The Atomic Emission Spectrum the pattern of frequencies obtained by passing light emitted by atoms of an element is gaseous state through a prism; The emission spectrum of each element is unique to that element, no two have the same spectrum.
# Counterpoint/Dissonant Intervals

Dissonant intervals in counterpoint are:
* Second
* Fourth
* TRITONE - diminished fifth or augmented fourth
* Seventh
# Counterpoint/Forms

* Canon
* Fugue
* Invention
# Counterpoint/Passing Tone

A passing tone is a nonchordal tone (disonant tone) that breaks up a movement of a third into two seconds. The motion is in the same direction each time.
# Counterpoint/Second Species

In Second Species counterpoint, two tones are used against each note of the melody. It is important to note where one places the consonant and dissonant tones.
Accented beats on the counterpoint should create consonant intervals. The exceptions for this are that the perfect unison should only fall on unaccented beats until the last note of the song and the octave should be used sparingly on accented beats.
Dissonant tones can be used on the weak beats provided that it is used as a passing tone.
A rest may be used in place of the first beat for the counterpoint. This is the only place a rest is allowed. In this case, the unaccented beat must have a perfect consonant interval. If the cantus firmus is above, this would refer only to the octave or the prime. If below, it refers to the octave, the prime, and the fifth.
It is often best to start by writing the cadence first.

## Cadences

When writing the cadence in second species counterpoint, you have to think about whether you are writing your counterpoint above or below the Cantus Firmus.

### Writing cadences above the Cantus Firmus

If your Cantus firmus ends in 2-1, then your counterpoint will end with (6-7)-8. Often the 5 will proceed the 6.
If your Cantus Firmus ends in 7-8, then your counterpoint will end with (2-5)-P

### Writing cadences below the Cantus Firmus

If the cadence of the Cantus Firmus is 7-8 then the counterpoint will end with (5-2)-1.
If the cadence of the Cantus Firmus is 2-1 then the counterpoint will end with (6-7)-8.
# Coveillance.org

Coveillance is defined as the act of "watching the watchers."
This is a book about surveillance.

## Start Here!

* History of Surveillance
* Types of Surveillance
* Taking Action
** Legislative Action
** Personal Privacy Checkup

## Workshop Facilitator Guide

* History of Surveillance
* Workshop Activities
** Mapping Data Stories

## How to Contribute
### Creating a Page

Be sure to have "Coveillance.org/" prepended in front of your page title. Here is a handy link to create a new page.

### Editing an Existing Page

In the upper right hand corner, next to the search bar, you should see tabs that say "Read", "Edit", and "View History." Here is a longer description.
# Counterpoint/History

Much of the credit for the formation and organization of the rules of counterpoint is given to a single man by the name of Joseph Fux. His classic and groundbreaking work on counterpoint, Gradus ad parnassum, is regarded as the most important contribution to the advancement of the theories of counterpoint. It has been historically proven that great composers such as Haydn, Mozart, as well as Beethoven worked from the same book (giving much to say concerning the usefulness and importance of this method.)
# Counterpoint/Introduction

Counterpoint is a method of composing music. It is a set of "rules" that are traditionally followed in order to write music for two or more voices. It is organized into "types" of counterpoint known as species. They go in order from most restrictive to the least. The more voices there are in a musical score, the more freedom the voices have (less rules to follow).
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Advanced Planning and Scheduling/Functions

Advanced Planning and Scheduling has the following functions:
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Maintain Module Information

Some parameters and data tables are used by every module. These are maintained by Systems Administration. But, every module has some parameters and/or data tables that it alone uses. Systems Administration can change this information but each module has a function "Maintain Module Information" that can change it as well. This allows segments of systems administration to be delegated to the senior person in charge of a partucular module.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Advanced Planning and Scheduling

Advance Planning and Scheduling (APS) creates a detailed schedule of what is to be produced taking into account the capacity of the machines involved in the operations. It reviews inventory and issues planned purchases orders based on the lead times in the raw materials item records.
* Functions
* Reports
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Bill of Materials/Functions/Maintain Bill of Materials

Each line should be filled with Item Code, Quantity, Plan Scrap Quantity, Operation and Effective Date The BOM should avoid infinite loop. The ERP system should cover the function to detect the loop.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Bill of Materials/Functions

Bill of Materials has the following functions:
* Maintain Bill of Materials
* Show WHERE-USED
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Master Production Schedule

The Master Production Schedule represents the business's high-level decisions about what is to be produced during a given time period. It states what finished goods are to be produced by date and in what quantity. It is based on customer orders and forecasted demand over a planning interval (months or even years). The Master Production Schedule is used to drive the rest of the Manufacturing module.
* Functions
* Reports

## Data Exchange

Master Production Schedule does not exchange transactions with other modules.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Master Production Schedule/Functions

Master Production Schedule has the following functions:
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Quality

Delivering a quality product gives an enterprise a critical competitive edge. Quality helps users define quality standards, manages the physical testing of items, and issues Quality Alerts if standards are not adhered to. Quality is an integral part of ISO 9000 certification (ISO 9000 is a quality standard issued by the International Standards Organization).
* Functions
* Reports
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Shop Floor Control

Shop Floor Control implements the plan created by APS (Advance Planning and Scheduling). It issues work orders to individual work centers, requests raw materials from Inventory and, when the finished items are complete, issues stocking requests to Inventory for them. It records the actual time used to complete the tasks so accurate costing can be done, errors can be corrected and realistic standards maintained. Shop Floor Control feeds hours of operation for machines to Service Management so that maintenance can be scheduled.
* Functions
* Reports
# ERP Internals/Modules/Manufacturing/Bill of Materials

A bill of materials (BOM) lists the quantity of raw materials and parts that are required to manufacture a product. Often the BOM includes the quantity of operations (cutting, welding, machining, etc.) that is required as well. Each line on a BOM can itself be a BOM.
Normally an Engineering Change Order (ECO) is required to change a BOM. This keeps a complete track of the changes made to the BOM and may come with an effective date.
The BOM sub-module comes with a WHERE-USED functions that lets the user find out when a specific BOM is used in other products and BOMs.
* Functions
* Reports

## Data Exchange

Bill of Materials does not exchange transactions with other modules.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3/8...Nxg3/9. hxg3
## 9. hxg3

Black must be careful here. If 9...Qxc4, 10. Nxh8 and Black runs out of steam. If 9...Qxg3+, 10. Qf3 and the queens are traded. Therefore, 9...Qd4+ must be played first.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3/8...Nxg3/9. hxg3/9...Qd4
## 9... Qd4+

Black cannot be allowed to capture the c4 bishop with check so 10. Kf3 is the only move.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3/8...Nxg3
## 8...Nxg3

White must capture back. A move like Nxh8 leads to mate in 2.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3/8...Nxg3/9. hxg3/9...Qd4/10. Kf3
## 10. Kf3

Here, Black's plan is to castle, targeting the knight, followed by d5, cutting off the bishop from the knight. It is actually impossible to save both minor pieces, and Black appears to be closing in on gaining back their -4 material advantage.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3
## 8. g3

The Black queen and knight are double attacked. However, Black has Nxg3, opening a discovery attack on the c4 bishop.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3/8...Nxg3/9. hxg3/9...Qd4/10. Kf3/10...O-O
## 10... O-O

White must play 11. Rh4 to prevent d5 and Black's numerous checkmate threats.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3/8...Nxg3/9. hxg3/9...Qd4/10. Kf3/10...O-O/11. Rh4
## 11. Rh4

Black can fortunately gain a tempo and protect their queen with 11...e4 here.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Ke3/7...Qh4/8. g3/8...Nxg3/9. hxg3/9...Qd4/10. Kf3/10...O-O/11. Rh4/11...e4
## 11...e4

After Kg2, Black can finally capture with Qxc4 and the Traxler Counterattack is proved to have merit. Black has an obvious attack on the White king but White can finally start developing their pieces, starting with moving their f7 knight back.
Finally, it should be noted that 12. Rxe4 is a mistake because after 12...Ne5+ 13. Rxe5 Qxc4, White has no way to defend their knight.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Kg1
## 7. Kg1!?

Black continues with their plan of Qh4.
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...Bc5/5. Nxf7/5...Bxf2/6. Kxf2/6...Nxe4/7. Kg1/7...Qh4
## 7... Qh4

Checkmate with Qf2 is threatened. Surprisingly, the three strongest defenses, Qe2, g3, and h3 all give Black a perpetual draw (see below).
   * 8. Qe2 Nd4 9. Qe3 Nxc2 10. Qe2 Nd4 11. Qe3 Nc2
   * 8. g3 Nxg3 9. Nxh8 Nd4 10. hxg3 Qxg3+ 11. Kf1 Qf4+ 12. Kg2 Qg5+ 13. Kf1 Qf4+
   * 8. h3 d5 9. Bxd5 Qf2+ 10. Kh2 Qg3+ 11. Kg1 Qf2+
This makes 8. Qf3 White's most popular move, although Black gains a strong initiative after Rf8 and with plans of rerouting their knight to g4.
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# Creative Commons: An overview/Attribution types

One of the requirements of copyright law is that content must be attributed unless prior permission from the copyright holder. Attribution is the act of giving credit to the original author. Often times many people copy work without attribution. Attribution can become very complex, because there are several ways to attribute, and when needed to attribute. When an original work is created and a user wants to re-use it and redistribute it freely, they must attribute. Attribution is not a very easy thing to do. The most simplistic way to attribute is to simply put the authors name. This can be different, depending on the type of work. "Ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country." -John F. Kennedy. In this quotation I attributed with a dash and the original spokesperson's name (in this case John F. Kennedy). If I wanted to I could've been more specific, par following the quotation's dash and citation of the spokesperson; I could change it to John F.Kennedy's Inaugural Address to be more specific. Alternatively I could've added on the title of John F.Kennedy as President, and could've combined it with the addon of the Inaugural Address. Furthermore I could've been specific to what country was he president of, or what year was this quote spoken, and could've combined all of those together. Also, you need to attribute, a copy of ones work, to the original author as well, as the source in which you got it from. In this case I would write "'Ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.'"'- Wikiquotes, citing John F.Kennedy. Again all the same decorations to the attribution can be added, as well as additional ones for the secondary source.
# Creative Writing

Creative writing is a massive and inexact field. Telling stories by ways of poetry, short stories, novels, and other media can be complex, intimidating, and extremely difficult to take up. However, it also has so much potential to be rewarding and enjoyable for writers and readers alike. In this Wikibook, we'll go over some of the principles of writing practices, and proceed with advice and tips on how to write best. The goal is to provide as much understanding to writing as possible, and to portray fiction as elegantly as one can possibly put.
The fundamentals explain the subject of creative writing and should apply to all media covered below.

## Fundamentals

* Introduction
* Peer Review
* Fiction technique
* Publication

## Media

* Free-Verse Poetry
* Short Stories
* Sonnets
* Novellas
* Novels
* Plays for the theater
* Comics
* Screenplays (Screenwriting)
* Autobiographies
* Mini Sagas (Flash Fiction)

## Recommended

* Conworld - An expansive guide to worldbuilding.
# Creative Writing/Fiction technique/Deus Ex Machina

Deus ex Machina is a technique used primarily in drama but not limited to the stage; translated, it means: "God out of the Machine". A deus ex machina ending to a play or book is when the plot builds up so hopelessly and dramatically that it seems that it cannot be resolved by any means, only for a sudden improbably solution to appear.
# Creative Writing/Mini Sagas

A Mini saga is a very short story. It is limited to only 50 words, no more no less.
A good mini saga should be interesting.
For example:
A Banana Grower
While visiting a small village along the Thai-Myanmar border province of Kanchanaburi, Thongdee helped a Karen man from going to jail. The acquitted man gave him a big plot of land. The man helped him plant bananas. The plantation was successful; he quit his job and became a banana grower.
(Janpha Thadphoothon)
A Surprise Birthday
“I have a special gift for your birthday tonight,” my sexy secretary spoke softly to my ear. After work, I waited in a hotel room she booked for ‘us’. When knocked, I opened the door, seeing my wife, colleagues and her with a gigantic cake. But I stood there, naked! (Yongyuth Khamkhong)
# Creative Writing/Publication

Looking to get published? It can be a daunting task. But in the information age, this is both easy and difficult to do now that access to publishers is much easier.
First, you'll want to compile a list of the books similar to yours and research their publishers. If a majority of them come from the same publishing house, then your best bet is to start there. If not, find more books like yours and repeat.
Second, see the submission guidelines posted on the publisher's website. These need to be followed as carefully as possible, in order to show editors professionalism and seriousness in your intent. Get hold of a guide for information on how to write a cover letter, query, and format your manuscript. Keep in mind many publishers will not accept unsolicited manuscripts, especially novels. They may ask for a query instead, but in the case where publishers don't accept unsolicited queries either, you will need an agent to submit to that house. Unfortunately, finding an agent can be as tough as finding a publisher.
Third, wait. This step can be stressful to the author and the urge to submit to multiple publishing houses may arise, but pay attention to a publisher's policy on simultaneous and exclusive submissions. Not doing so can be harmful to your relations with a publishing house. Fortunately, publishers are becoming more accepting of simultaneous submissions it can potentially take six months or longer for them to respond to an author. Publishing houses that accept simultaneous submissions are a valuable asset to authors and should not be abused. Do not submit wherever it could be inappropriate to.
You will most likely get rejected. It happens all the time and is a part of being a writer. Having gotten a response is an accomplishment on its own, and should serve as an opportunity to refine your work. Most rejected submissions receive a form letter, and if an editor takes the time to comment specifically on your submission, that is a major accomplishment.
After that, repeat the process and don’t give up. In the event that you do, try another field of publishing.
# Catholicism

* CATHOLICISM
* ONE ✝ HOLY ✝ CATHOLIC ✝ APOSTOLIC
* Placeholder • Placeholder • Placeholder • Placeholder
* About •
* Where to start? •
* Students •
* FAQ •
* Discussion •
* Help
Introduction to Catholicism
Basics
Brief Overview
Holy Books Books
Catholic Church History · Infallibility
Salvation Grace, Faith, and Good Works
Communion of Saints Mary · Saints · Martyrs
Sacraments Baptism · Confession · Confirmation
Misconceptions & FAQ Cross of Saint Peter · Placeholder
Miscellaneous Placeholder · Placeholder :

## Topics

Beliefs and Practices Summaries and Index Holy Days and Holidays Liturgical Year
Mass and Worship Placeholder · Placeholder
Prayers and Devotions Placeholder · Placeholder
Sacraments and Life Events Placeholder · Placeholder
Sacred Space Ecclesiastical Buildings · Catholic Home · Shrines Sacramentals Rosary · Scapular · Crucifix · Icons Saints and Martyrs Mystics · Placeholder
Signs and Symbols Placeholder · Placeholder

## Appendix

Glossary Terms · Phrases · Abbreviations Languages Latin · Italian · Spanish · Others Timeline History of the Catholic Church

## Documents

Catechism of the Catholic Church Compendium · Simplified · Baltimore Catechism Codex Iuris Canonici (Code of Canon Law) 1983 CIC · 1917 CIC
# Catholicism/Glossary

Glossary Terms · Phrases · Abbreviations

## Terms
### Numerical

* 7 Deadly sins
* 7 Gifts of the Holy Spirit
* 7 Sacraments
* 8 Beatitudes
* 10 Commandments

### Activities

* Apostolic voyage - International travel by the Pope to visit Catholics worldwide
* Catechesis (often called catechism) - Catechesis is an education in the faith of children, young people and adults which includes especially the teaching of Catholic doctrine from a catechism book
* Event - World Youth Day is an example of a Catholic event
* Marches and Protests - March for Life and Protests at Abortion Clinics which often include prayer
* RCIA - RCIA stands for: Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults - a Catholic class for converts to Catholicism
* Retreats - Withdrawal for a period of time form one's usual surroundings and occupation to a place of solitude for meditation, self-examination, and prayer

### Sacred Spaces

* Basilica
* Cemetery
* Church
* Pilgrimage site
* Scriptorium
* Shrine

### Items in a Catholic Church

* Alcove - a small space in a room, formed by one part of a wall being farther back than the parts on each side
* Aspersory - a brush or small perforated container with a handle that is used for sprinkling holy water in a liturgical service
* Baptismal font - tub which serves as a receptacle for baptismal water used for baptism
* Ciborium - a goblet-shaped vessel for holding eucharistic bread
* Cruet - a small container for the wine or water to be used in the celebration of the Eucharist
* Genuflection - lower one's body briefly by bending one knee to the ground, typically in worship or as a sign of respect
* Monstrance - an open or transparent receptacle in which the consecrated Host is exposed for veneration
* Orans - outstretched arms and palms up in a gesture of prayer
* Palm branch - a symbol of the victory of the faithful over the enemies of the soul
* Pew (with Kneeler) - a long bench with a back, placed in rows in the main part of some churches to seat the laity
* Procession - a number of people or vehicles moving forward in an orderly fashion, especially as part of a ceremony
* Sacristy - A room in a church where sacred vessels, books, vestments, etc. are kept. Sometimes also used by clergy to prepare for worship or for meetings
* Stained glass - colored glass used to form decorative or pictorialdesigns, notably for church windows, both by painting and especially by setting contrasting pieces in a lead framework like a mosaic
* Stations of the Cross - a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' progress from his condemnation by Pilate to his crucifixion and burial, before which devotions are performed in many churches
* Tabernacle - a fixed, locked box in which the Eucharist is stored
* Thurible - a metal censer suspended from chains, in which incense is burned during worship services
* Vatican City Flag

### Terms of Opposition

* Apostate
* Concupiscence
* Heretic

## Phrases

* Deo gratias
* Mea culpa
* Quis ut Deus?

## Abbreviations

* USCCB (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops)