OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mandelbulb3D/Reference
### Mandelbulb3D User Reference
#### Table of Contents

* Main Window
** Image display
** Top Toolbar
*** Plug-in windows (Navigator, Animation, etc.)
*** Open tab
*** Save tab
*** Save Pic tab
*** Tools tab
*** Prefs tab
**** Initial Directories window
**** Map Sequences window
**** Themes window
*** Viewing and Image settings
** Side Panel
*** Position and Rotation
*** Calculate 3D
*** Formulas, Lighting, and Postprocess windows
*** Quick Quality Settings presets
*** Internal tab
*** Calculation tab
*** Infos tab
*** Cutting tab
*** Julia Off/On tab
*** Camera tab
*** Coloring tab
*** Stereo tab
** Bottom Toolbar
* Formulas window
** Formula tabs
*** JIT (Just In Time) Compiled Formulas
** Formula types
** Formula hybrids
** Iterations
* Lighting window
** Light tabs
*** Global lights
*** Positional lights
*** Lightmap lights
** Object tab
*** Object color window
** Ambient tab
** Dynamic Fog tab
** Background Pic tab
** Gamma
** Lighting Files & Presets
* Postprocess window
** Recalculate a Selection
** Normals On Z-buffer
** Hard Shadows
** Ambient Shadows
** Reflections and Transparency
** Depth of Field
* Navigator window
** Parameter panel
** Adjustment panel
* Animation Maker window
* Bulb Tracer window
* MutaGen window
* Heightmap Generator window
* Scripts window
* M3P -> M3I Batch Processing window
* Big Renders window
* Voxelstack Export window
* Monte Carlo Rendering window
* Mandelbulb3D file formats
** .M3I Image + Parameter
** .M3P Parameter
** .M3D Big Render Parameter
** .M3F Formula
** .M3A Animation
** .MC3 Monte Carlo
** .PLY polygon mesh or point cloud
** .OBJ polygon mesh
** .JPG image
** .PNG image
** .BMP image
** .PGM image
** .M3V voxel stack
# Mandelbulb3D/Reference/Bottom Toolbar
### Bottom Toolbar

Mandelbulb3D's original method of 3D navigation was with the controls in the Bottom toolbar on the Main Window. These have been superseded by a much more intuitive interface, the Navigator window. However, the controls in the Bottom toolbar are still very useful for fast 2D renderings of slices through the 3D scene.

### See Also

* Navigator window
* Main Window
* Image display
* Top Toolbar
* Side Panel
# Mandelbulb3D/Reference/File Formats
### Scene Files

* .M3I Image + Parameter
* .M3P Parameter
* .M3D Big Render

### Scene Component Files

* .M3F Formula
* .M3A Animation
* .MC3 Monte Carlo

### 3D Model Files

* .PLY polygon mesh or point cloud
* .OBJ polygon mesh

### Image Files

* .JPG image
* .PNG image
* .BMP image
* .PGM image
* .M3V voxel stack
# Mandelbulb3D

Mandelbulb3D is a free, cross-platform desktop computer graphics application for calculating and rendering complex fractals in three dimensions.
Table of Contents
* Introduction
* Reference
# Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students/Yes/No answers

* Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students
* NOUNS - Pronouns - Nouns - Proper nouns
* VERBS - Activity verbs - Adjectival stative verbs - Non-adjectival stative verbs - Yes/No answers - Past tense - Future tense
* OTHERS - Negation - Questions - Adverbs - Conjunctions - Prepositions - Numbers - Phrases

## Yes/No answers
### Present (Examples)
#### 是 / shì / to be

| | | | 你是中国人吗 ? | nĭ shì Zhōngguó rén ma? | Are you Chinese? |
| 是 ◦ | shì. | Yes. | 我是中国人 ◦ | wŏ shì Zhōngguó rén. | I am Chinese. |
| 不是 ◦ | bù shì. | No. | 我不是中国人 ◦ | wŏ bù shì Zhōngguó rén. | I'm not Chinese. |

#### 知道 / zhī dào / to know

Verbs that consist of two words are treated the same way:
| | | | 你知道吗 ? | nĭ zhī dào ma? | Do you know? |
| 知道 ◦ | zhī dào. | Yes. | 我知道 ◦ | wŏ zhī dào. | I know. |
| 不知道 ◦ | bù zhī dào. | No. | 我不知道 ◦ | wŏ bù zhī dào. | I don't know. |
# Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students/Questions

* Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students
* NOUNS - Pronouns - Nouns - Proper nouns
* VERBS - Activity verbs - Adjectival stative verbs - Non-adjectival stative verbs - Yes/No answers - Past tense - Future tense
* OTHERS - Negation - Questions - Adverbs - Conjunctions - Prepositions - Numbers - Phrases

## Questions
### "Yes/No" questions
#### Final interrogative particle

| 吗 | ma | (final interrogative particle) |
| 你是美国人吗 ? | nĭ shì měiguó rén ma? | Are you American? |
| 你喜欢茶吗 ? | nĭ xĭhuān chá ma? | Do you like tea? |
| 你有小孩儿吗 ? | nĭ yŏu xiăo hái'er ma? | Do you have children? |

#### Verb-negation-verb

| 你是不是美国人 ? | nĭ shì bù shì měiguó rén? | Are you American? |
| 你喜欢不喜欢茶 ? | nĭ xĭhuān bù xĭhuān chá? | Do you like tea? |
| 你有没有小孩儿 ? | nĭ yŏu méi yŏu xiăo hái'er? | Do you have children? |

### "Or" questions

| 还是 | háishì | or |
| 你想喝茶还是啤酒 ? | nĭ xiăng hē chá háishì píjĭu? | Would you like to drink tea or beer? |
→ See also: Conjunctions

### Question words

| 呢 | ne | how about… | 你的先生呢 ? | nĭ de xiānshēng ne? | How about your husband? |
| 什么 | shénme | what | 你想吃什么 ? | nĭ xiăng chī shénme? | What would you like to eat? |
| 哪儿 | nǎr | where, where to | 她要去哪儿 ? | tā yào qù nǎr? | Where will she go? |
| 什么时候 | shénme shíhòu | when | 我们要什么时候去北京 ? | wŏmen yào shénme shíhòu qù Běijīng? | When will we go to Beijing? |
| 谁 | shéi | who | 他要跟谁一起 ? | tā yào gēn shéi yìqĭ qù Běijīng? | Along with whom will he go to Beijing? |
| 几点钟 | jī diăn zhōng | what time | 现在几点钟 ? | xiàn zài jī diăn zhōng? | What time is it (now)? |
| | | | 她是几点钟到达 ? | tā shì jī diăn zhōng dào dá? | At what time did she arrive? |
| 多少 | duōshăo | how much | 她有多少钱 ? | tā yŏu duōshăo qián? | How much money does she have? |
| | | | 一杯葡萄酒多少钱? | yī bēi pútaojiŭ duōshăo qián? | How much (money) is one glass of wine? |
# Mandelbulb3D/Introduction
### Introduction

Mandelbulb3D is a free application for rendering complex 3D fractal graphics. It is unlike traditional 3D applications in nearly every way. However, experience with other 3D programs such as Blender can be helpful when learning Mandelbulb3D. Many of the concepts are the same, but they may be implemented in curious or unfamiliar ways in Mandelbulb3D.

### Interoperability with other 3D programs

Although Mandelbulb3D's primary function is to render fractal images, it is also capable of importing and exporting some forms of 3D data. There is no direct support for rendering 3D models such as .OBJ, but 3D file formats can be converted to 2D heightmaps and combined with fractal formulas.
Mandelbulb3D can export 3D data as a stack of 2D images, as a mesh, or as a point cloud.

### External Links

* mandelbulb.com - central location for all things Mandelbulb3D
* fractalforums.com - where the mandelbulb was discovered and the Mandelbulb3D software was initially released
* Mandelbulb Maniacs Facebook group
# Mandelbulb3D/Reference/File Formats/BMP
### BMP Image File

Mandelbulb 3D can save to the Microsoft .BMP (Bitmap) image format. There is no compelling reason to use .BMP. It is uncompressed, meaning it consumes more storage, and it is not supported by web browsers. The .PNG image format is better, because it is losslessly compressed and supported by all operating systems and web browsers.

### See Also

* Mandelbulb3D file formats
* .JPG image
* .PNG image
# HydroGeoSphere/Variably-Saturated Subsurface Flow

As discussed in Section 2.1, one of the requirements for simulating variably-saturated flow is that we define the constitutive relationships that govern the relation between the pressure head, saturation and relative permeability. These relationships must be defined for the porous medium, discrete fractures and the dual continuum and, for each of these types of media, the choice is to use either pseudo-soil, functional or tabular relationships. Wells are a special case and are handled automatically by HydroGeoSphere.
Media specific instructions and default values for porous media, discrete fractures and dual continua are given in Section 5.8.3.1, Section 5.8.3.2 and Section 5.8.3.3 respectively.
General instructions for modifying the default functional and tabular relationships are given in Section 5.8.3.4 and Section 5.8.3.5 respectively.
# HydroGeoSphere/Wells

Well domains, can be set up using the following instructions, as outlined in Section 2.3.2.2 and in Equation 2.55. The variable radius corresponds to $r_{s}$, while the pumping rates $Q_{w}$, use the new boundary condition format as described in Section 5.7.

## Default Well Properties

Unless the user modifies the default values, all well zones in the domain will be assigned the default properties. The default values, Table 5.8, can be and are recommended to be modified to fit the model application.
Table 5.8: Default Values for Well Properties :
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
| Screen Radius | 1 × 10$^{−5}$ | m |
| Coupled Conductivity | 7.438 × 10$^{−5}$ | m s$^{−1}$ |
| Coupled Length | 1 × 10$^{−4}$ | m |
| Well Type | Hagen-Poiseuille | - |
| Manning’s Friction Coefficient | 0.0548 | m$^{−1/3}$ s |
| Hazen Williams Coefficient | 130 | m$^{0.37}$ s$^{−1}$ |

## Example Well Instructions

As an example, the following set of instructions, with prefix.wprops file Figure 5.12, could be inserted into the prefix.grok file to produce a pumping well:
The well domain example opens the property file prefix.wprops, shown in Figure 5.12, and creates a 20 m long screen located at x = 100 and y = 100 with a pump intake located at z = 0. The well one properties are read into grok and a steady pumping rate is set at -80 × 10$^{−3}$ m$^3$ s$^{−1}$. If the flowrate is set to zero, the well is passive but can still transmit water vertically through its screen.
    Figure 5.12: Sample well domain property file prefix.wprops

## Radius

Scope: .grok .wprops
* WellScreenRadius Well Screen Radius [L].
The radius of the screen interval of the well.

## Infilled

Scope: .grok .wprops
* WellPropsInfilled Infilled well properties name from .mprops file.
This command should be included in the input file for an infilled well. The default values are a sand as described in Table 5.7.

## Hagen Poiseuille

Scope: .grok .wprops
This command should be included in the input for the Hagen Poiseuille flow option.

## Hazen Williams

Scope: .grok .wprops
This command should be included in the input file for the Hazen Williams flow option.

## Manning

Scope: .grok .wprops
This command should be included in the input file for the Manning flow option.

## Friction

Scope: .grok .wprops
* well_friction Manning’s Well Friction.

## Hazen Williams coefficient

Scope: .grok .wprops
* well_hw_coeffient Hazen-Williams well coefficient.

## Saturated wells

Scope: .grok .wprops
This instruction causes wells to remain fully saturated.

## Dual nodes for wells

Scope: .grok .wprops
This instruction causes well flow scheme to use dual node approach.

## Coupling conductivity

Scope: .grok .wprops
* WellPropsCplCond Coupling conductivity for well [L T$^{−1}$].
Coupling conductivity parameter only required for the dual node approach for wells.

## Coupling length

Scope: .grok .wprops
* WellPropsCplLngth Coupling length for well [L].
Coupling length parameter only required for the dual node approach for wells.
# HydroGeoSphere/Zero-Order Source

A zero-order source is one in which the medium itself produces a solute. For example, some soils produce radon gas as a result of radioactive decay.

## Zero order source

* npanel Number of panels in the time-variable, zero-order source function. For each panel, enter the following:
       (a) ton_val,toff_val, (bc_val(j),j=1,nspeciesmob) Time on [T], time off [T] and mass of solute produced per unit volume of porous medium solids per unit time [M L$^{−3}$].
Nodes in the chosen zones area are assigned zero-order source boundary conditions.
A panel is a point in time at which the source term is set to a new value. The first panel would normally start at time zero. The source term given for the last panel will be maintained until the end of the simulation. You can assign a static source term for the duration of the simulation by setting npanel to 1, ton_val to 0.0 and toff_val to a large number.
Note that if nspeciesmob is greater than 1, additional values of bc_val should be included.
# Hydroculture/Aero/Bucket

This is how to build a simple aeroponic bucket.

## Materials

All component materials should be nonhazardous/noncancerous. For tools and supplementary instructions see: hydroculture DIY
* 5 gallon bucket with lid
* pump: fountain
* pex tubing
* sprinkler head: grass type
* plastic grommet: larger than plug socket depending on configuration

## Process

Modification on the bucket is optional. Cut holes in the lid for net pots. Then cut a hole for a grommet, either in the lid or close to the top of the bucket. This is to protect the wire from damage that could cause an electrical hazard.
The water pump can be super-glued or tie wrapped to a heavy object to keep it from moving. Place water pump inside the bucket, thread the wire through the grommet. Water can spill out of here, so keep electrical connections higher than and away from this. The remaining space between the wire and the grommet can be filled in, without a material that can scratch or otherwise damage the electrical wire: cut a slit in a smaller grommet to fit around wire.
Fit pex tubing on water pump connector. Some grass sprinkler heads will fit inside of the pex tubing.
Now it is time for finishing touches.
# Hydroculture/Aqua

* Introduction Historical | Root zone | Nutrition DIY | Aquaponic | Passive

### Tweaks

Add a second tote solely for the fish. (leave the lid off of this tote). Obviously both containers are to be at the same level. Run a tube with required o-rings and threaded connectors between totes. Place halfway between bottom and water level, in case of a failure, not all of the water will drain out. Make sure this setup is watertight and ready before adding fish. Water will transfer passively. A second air pump and a aeration stone is required in this setup.
To make this system even fancier, have a pipe with a diameter enough for fish to travel between both totes.
Alternatively like in typical aquaponic systems, use a pump to periodically transfer water between totes.
Other tweaks include: having separate timers for the air-lift pumps, water pumps, and lighting. Running DC made components on solar power is another tweak.
# Hydroculture/Aqua/Bin

This is a guide to modify a cylindrical container into an aquaponic fish or aquatic animal tank for inclusion in a hydroculture system. A barrel, over-sized bucket or new container (garbage) bin can be used to make this aquatic tank: containers that are over 30 gallons are ideal for this project. The purpose is to use ornamental fish waste to fertilize plants. Here are project assembly components to choose from.

## Components

All component materials should be nonhazardous/noncancerous. For tools and supplementary instructions see: hydroculture DIY
* cylindrical plastic container: new plastic recycle bin, barrel or over-sized bucket
* o-rings
* threaded elbow
* corresponding threaded adapters
* water pump
* washer with screen
* Additional pipe, o-rings and connectors: use 1/2in to 1in pipe and smaller tubing for water flow.
** smaller size tubing and pipes are suitable for drainage. 1in piping offers less restriction, and larger sizes are unnecessary for water flow.
* pipe primer and cement

## Aquatic tank

For an outdoor aquatic tank an overflow connection with a screen must be installed close to the top. Use two threaded fittings, with a washer with screen in between: it may not be necessary for this connection to be especially watertight.

## Water pump

High voltage water pumps can be a hazard if damaged or mishandled. BLDC pumps are efficient and usually operate on a much safer voltage. An airlift pump may also work, if the aquaponics system doesn't require high water pressure. Use wider diameter pipe to carry the water above the height of the tank, then it can be diverted into multiple smaller channels. No electrical connections or not watertight components may be exposed to water. Plug components higher than water-level or have a drip loop, so water does not drip into an electrical socket or other connection. The choices of how to transfer water from the aquatic tank to the plants are as follows.

### External

For an external water pump, a hole has to be cut into the side of the cylindrical container, 1/3 way from the bottom. This must b

### Internal

Make connections from water pump connection to wider diameter pipe, using proper connectors. The pump's electrical wire must be long enough, and it cannot be exposed to potential damage, and the connection away from potential water contact. On the side top of the aquatic tank, drill a hole to insert a threaded plug and o-ring from the outside. From the inside fit on pvc threaded snap tee, o-rings to the threaded plug. The snap tee is to hold the pipe attached to the pump vertically inside the tank.

### Airlift pump

For an airlift pump, smaller diameter pipe keeps air and water pressure higher allowing water to flow further. This can limit the height a water-flow can reach and water-flow pressure. Micro-sprinklers may be useful as micro-drippers in this case.

## Options
### Connect to other hydroculture systems

This aquaponic setup can be connected to an aeroponic or hydroponic system.

### Growbed

If the growbed or plant container is to be lower than the tank, a check valve and additional water pump is required.
# Hydroculture

This demonstrates the fundamentals and advanced topics of hydroculture gardening including: aquaponics, hydroponics, aquascaping/aquatic gardening, aeroponics, passive-hydroponics, plus hydroculture related gardening. Symbiotic aquatic animals are for ornamental purposes, since this book's focus is horticultural.
Food production for consumption, medicinal value and horticultural aesthetics are purposes for building a hydroculture garden. Also included are root zone and aeration basics, along with plant nutrition fundamentals. Ranging in this book is from low cost simple ways to highly complex expensive ways of growing soil-less or water-based gardening. Projects can be used for self-sustainability to reducing food costs, supplementing food, medicinal implementation, aesthetic value or growing food where there is scarcity of resources or income (for example in developing nations).
There is a section on DIY hydroculture projects. The easiest method of maintaining the nutrient solution is to use aquaponics, which can be combined with any other form of hydroculture. Other methods may leave little room for error, and may require expertise in automation, measuring equipment, maintenance and chemistry knowledge.

## Contents

Section 1 - Introduction
* Title page
* Historic
Section 2 - Physiology
* Root zone
* Aeration
* Disease - Prevention, phytopathology, root rot
* Substrates
* Propagation
* Aquatic organisms - Aquaculture subsystem: aquaponics, aquascaping. hydrophytes, semi-aquatic plants, symbiotic animals.
Section 3 - Plant nutrition
* Minerals and pH
* Nutrition appendments
Section 4 - Construction projects
* Project construction basics
* Aeroponic bucket
* Simple aquaponics setup
* Aquaponic cylinder bin
* Growbed construction
* Passive hydroponic setup
* Passive hydroponics for orchid cultivation
* Nonmechanical biofilters
Only pages that are largely incomplete are marked. Pages that are 75% percent or more complete are not marked.

## Interwiki links

* Horticulture
* w:Hydroculture
* v:Hydroculture (fundamentals)
# HydroGeoSphere/Variably-Saturated Flow

By default, HydroGeoSphere uses the upstream weighting scheme (weighted harmonic mean) for relative permeability, with an upstream weighting factor value of 1.0. The default behaviour can be changed using the following commands:

## Upstream weighting factor

* upwfactor Upstream weighting factor.
Assigns a new value for the upstream weighting factor, which defaults to 1.0. This value should be in the range from 0.5 (central weighting) to 1.0 (upstream weighting).

## Central weighting

Causes HydroGeoSphere to use central weighting (weighted arithmetic mean) instead of upstream weighting.

## Primary variable switching

Causes HydroGeoSphere to use the primary variable substitution technique outlined in Section 3.13.3.
If desired, the default values of $tol_{f}$ and $tol_{b}$, the upper and lower limits for variable substitution (see Equation 3.99) can be changed using the following commands:

## Upper limit

* switch_t Upper limit of the variable substitution approach, tol$_f$ in Equation 3.99. The default value is 0.99.

## Lower limit

* switch_f Lower limit of the variable substitution approach, tol$_b$ in Equation 3.99. The default value is 0.89.
# How To Search/Journal database list

The following list contains indexing and abstracting journal databases that are described in this book.
* PubMed
* BioMed Central
# How To Search/Library of Congress

Library of Congress - (still incomplete)
* Purpose: Make its resources available and useful to the Congress and the American people and to sustain and preserve a universal collection of knowledge and creativity for future generations.
* Audience: See the Purpose.
* Scope: "The Library of Congress Online Catalog is a database of records representing the vast collection of materials held by the Library. In addition to these records, the Online Catalog provides cross-references, notes, and circulation status, as well as information about Library materials still in the acquisitions stage."
* Refresh Rate:
* Further Information: The Library of Congress (LOC) online catalog allows for a variety of search types. Boolean operators and search limits are only available when using certain search types.

## Search Types

This section is not part of most search pages in the How to search wikibook. It is specific to the LOC.
* Title
* Author/Creator Browse
* Subject Browse
* Keyword
* Command Keyword - Boolean searches available.
* Call Number Browse
* LCCN-ISSN-ISBN
* Series/Uniform Title Browse
* Author/Creator Sorted by Title Browse

## Boolean Operators

Only available in the Command Keyword type of search.
| Boolean Operator | Syntax | Example |
| AND | AND | skunk AND tomato |
| OR | OR | skunk OR tomato |
| NOT | NOT | skunk NOT tomato |
# How To Search/MOBIUS Consortium

MOBIUS
* Purpose: MOBIUS makes available "a virtual collection of the approximately 14 million items in the libraries of Missouri's colleges and universities and creates a single user interface that allows faculty and students to request library materials using any personal computer in any location with access to the Internet."
* Audience: Students and employees of institutions which are part of the MOBIUS consortium.
* Scope: All cataloged material from MOBIUS member institutions.
* Refresh Rate: Item records are made available as they are purchased and catalogued by librarians.
* Further Information: MOBIUS uses the Millennium library system. Further searching information can be found at Millennium-III. Most of the items found in the MOBIUS catalog are available via Inter Library Loan from your local library if you live in the United States.

## Boolean Operators

See Millennium-III

## Other Operators

See Millennium-III

## Search Fields

See Millennium-III