OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Obliviate
## Overview

Obliviate is the verbal component of the Memory Charm, a spell which allows the erasure or modification of memory.

## Extended Description

First seen when Gilderoy Lockhart attempted to use it on Harry and Ron, this spell, when done correctly, apparently allows a substantial amount of control over the subject's memories. We see it used a number of times through the series. The most prominent times are:
* as mentioned above, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when Gilderoy Lockhart attempts to cast it on Ron and Harry so as to allow him to claim to have defeated the Monster in the Chamber. In this case, he is using a broken wand, which backfires; as a result, afterwards he is barely able to remember his own name.
* in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, when the Muggle keeper of the campground has his memory changed so that he forgets the odd magical things that he has seen the occupants of his campground doing.
* in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, where Kingsley Shacklebolt casts it on Marietta Edgecombe so that she forgets that there were previous meetings of Dumbledore's Army.
* in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Hermione casts this spell on a pair of Death Eaters and an innocent waitress so that they will not recall having seen Harry. She later uses it against Xenophilius Lovegood to make him forget the presence of Ron Weasley.
Like so many spells, a large part of the effect of this spell very likely depends on what the caster is thinking at the time the spell is cast. Presumably the caster must hold in their mind a representation of the memories needed to be changed, along with what the memories should be changed to.

## Analysis

Apparently, this spell is most often used to clean up any 'spillage' in front of Muggles. The International Statute of Wizardry is specifically designed to try and keep the Muggles unaware of the Wizarding world, so this spell is apparently reasonably often used on Muggles to keep them unaware of what the wizards have been doing.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
* Is there a way to reverse the effect of this spell?
# Mambo Open Source/Convert templates from 4.5 to 4.5.x

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous

## Convert templates from 4.5 to 4.5.x

A mambo template uses variables and operators in the Mambo core system, and some of these may change during the development of Mambo. Most templates created for version 4.5 of Mambo will work with the newer versions of 4.5.x, but there are some precautions to be aware of.
A 4.5.x compatible template will be 100% compatible with the future release of version 5.0. 4.5.x also has some functions that 4.5 templates doesn't, like the top-menu.

## How to upgrade
### Pathway

In 4.5 the pathway was a reference to a file called "pathway.php". 4.5.x is different here, and uses a function called "mosPathWay".
| 4.5 | 4.5.x |
| <?php include_once("pathway.php"); ?> | <?php mosPathWay; ?> |

### Mainbody

In 4.5 the mainbody was a reference to a file called "mainbody.php". 4.5.x is different here, and uses a function called "mosMainBody".
| 4.5 | 4.5.x |
| <?php include_once("mainbody.php"); ?> | <?php mosMainBody; ?> |

### Global variables

Some of the core config-variables have changed too, here they are:
| 4.5 | 4.5.x |
| $mosConfig_live_site | $GLOBALS['mosConfig_live_site'] |
| $mosConfig_absolute_path | $GLOBALS['mosConfig_absolute_path'] |
| $mosConfig_sitename | $GLOBALS['mosConfig_sitename'] |
| $mosConfig_offset | $GLOBALS['mosConfig_offset'] |

### Pathway-separator

4.5.x has a new feature for the pathway arrow. In the Mambo generated pathway of the "mosPathWay"-function, an arrow image appears between the pathway links. This can be a custom arrow for each template, and it is very simple to use this feature.
Simply create an image that you want for this, save it in .png-format, call it "arrow.png" and place it in the root folder of the template you want it in, the same as the "template_details.xml" and "index.php" files. If this doesn't work, try putting it in the images sub-folder. What the heck, put it in both places.
Remember to create a reference to this file in the "template_details.xml" file, so that it is uploaded when installing the template through the Mambo Template Installer.

### The head code

The head code has also been upgraded from 4.5.
If you don't use any custom functions and includes in the <head> tag, use this code:
# Mambo Open Source/Creating content

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
Content can be created or edited from both the frontend of your Mambo website or from the Administration backend. In both cases it is required that you have logged in. For basic explanations of content items, see content basics-article. You can also read the administration basics article

### From frontend

Browse to the content category were you want the article - e.g. "news > latest news". Here you can see a list of all the content items in the category, or a pagination or something similar. Somewhere on this page a "new"-icon shows up. Press this, and you enter the "new content item"-section.
Write the content as usual. On the bottom of this page, below the text fields, you can see some tabs and some parameters. Enter the parameters here as usual.
Press the save-button at the top of the page.

### From backend

At the main page of the backend (the home-link), use the "All content items"-button in the quickicons-section. Here you get a list of all the content items available. Press the "new" button in the toolbar.
This takes you to the standard inputbox-view. Write content, and choose content section and category in the drop-down menus to the right of the items "title" and "alias"-fields.
The parameters box appear on the right of the inputs, and this should be configured the way you want it to.
# Mambo Open Source/Creating multiple pages per content item

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* Configuration
* Design
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* Miscellaneous
This article explains how to use the multi-page Mambot to create multiple pages with one single content item.

## What is it?

You have probably seen the "Mambo License Guidelines" text that comes with the standard mambo installation. There, you have a page with a table of contents, and a "next page" button at the bottom - within one content item.
This is done using the page break Mambot. The process is quite simple.

## How to use it

It work like all other Mambots - you insert a tag and the page breaks. To create a simple page break, do this:
{mospagebreak}
This creates a new page from the content post this tag. You can use multiple tags in one content item, to create multiple pages.
By default, the pages is named "Content item title", "page 2", "page 3" and so on. You can create your own title for each pagebreak by doing this:
{mospagebreak title=The title, and no quotes}
Insert any title you like here, but be sure to not use quotes (") anywhere in the tag.
# Mambo Open Source/Design

* Mambo Open Source - home
* Configuration | Design | Content | Development | Miscellaneous
* Resources
* Featured article(s)
* Create your own template
* Different ways of loading modules
These articles are about the subject of design and layout in Mambo, what is usually called "templates" in mambo terms.

### Tips & tricks

* Hiding pathway on front page
* Individual styling for each module position
* Different ways of loading modules

### Miscellaneous

* Convert templates from being 4.5 to 4.5.x compatible
* Create your own template
* Design basics
# Mambo Open Source/Create a simple module

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* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
This is an explanation on how to create a module. The functions of the module will be very limited, but this article shows you a little bit about the framework of modules.

## Creating the files

For this module you will need two files: mod_testing.php and mod_testing.xml. Create these two files and move on to the next step.
The PHP parameters are values that can be changed in Mambo's admin interface, with no need of coding etc.

## The XML file

The xml file is a reference file for Mambo that gives mambo info about author of the modules, the parameter list, installation guides and so on.
# Mambo Open Source/Configuration File

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
configuration.php is file (function)... located (path)...

## Example

by first installation probably You will receive the default file which looks like this: ...

## Making your Configuration editable

* Open FTP and go to your site root
* CHMOD configuration.php to 777

### Additional Notes on CHMOD [Permissions]

* For additional security return configuration.php to CHMOD 644 after making changes.

### Additional information on CHMOD and permissions

* http://catcode.com/teachmod , and also
* http://www.evolt.org/article/A_quick_and_dirty_chmod_Tutorial/18/541

## more on help

* Configuration File
# Mambo Open Source/Content

* Mambo Open Source - home
* Configuration | Design | Content | Development | Miscellaneous
* Resources
This chapter contains information about how to place content in mambo.

## Samples

This section contains tutorials about good strategies of setting up sites of certain types.
* Static info page
* Blog with news

## Misc

* Creating multiple pages per content item
* Content basics
* Creating content
* Content sections
* Dealing with images
# Mambo Open Source/Country locale

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
This article explains what country locale is, and is also a guide to what you should set as country locale.
# Mambo Open Source/Dealing with images

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
This article explains how to use the image function in mambo. The method is to use the mosimage bot, and not any editor.

## Uploading images

The uploading is done in Mambo's Media Manager, which you can find at "Site > Media Manager" in the backend menu. This takes you to a image uploading interface that is very self-explanatory and easy to use.
First, browse the image you want to upload by pressing "browse" next to the upload field - this field is right underneath the image and folder view. Then, use the upload-button in the toolbar (at the top of the page" to upload the selected image.
Note that the [mambo root]/images/stories folder need to be accessible for writing if this should work.

## Inserting images

The insertion of images is done with a mambot called mosimage. Most people use the editor to insert images, but there are sometimes issues with the embedded editor method.

### Find the image

First, find the item where you want images and edit it. Then, select the images you want to use in the "images" tab in the parameter list to the right of the editor field(s). This is done by first selecting the appropriate folder, then selecting the appropriate image, by clicking on its file name in the list that appears under the folder selection.
Then press the "add" button, and the image will be added to the content item. Repeat this procedure if you want to add multiple images.

### Place the image

To place the images, move the cursor to where you want it to appear and click. Then, click the little flower with an i on it at the bottom of the editor window. This inserts a {mosimage}-tag.
The principle with the {mosimage} is that everywhere that is present it will be replaced with the images chosen in the images tab of the content items parameters. If you have multiple images selected, they will appear in the order they were inserted. If you have two {mosimage} tags, the first will be replaced with the first image in the selection, and the second tag will be replaced with the second image in the selection.
The primary drawback of the [mosimage] tag is that you cannot reference pages using it externally from Mambo. If you want to send html-rich emails that link to graphics on your Mambo website, using the embedded editor's link to the Media Manager will allow you to insert absolute references that can work in your html-rich email marketing.
# ICT for Disaster Management/References

Acharya,Mahesh. 2005.‘Amateur Radio, A potential tool in emergency operations’, i4d Magazine,Volume 3, Number 1, January 2005, Centre for Science,Development and Media Studies,New Delhi, India. http://www.i4donline.net/jan05/amateur.asp
ADPC.Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) website: http://www.adpc.net/general/adpc_TEWS.html
AlertNet website: http://www.alertnet.org
Clothier, Julie. 2005.‘Dutch trial SMS disaster alert system’, CNN.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/11/09/dutch.disaster.warning/index.html
Convio website: http://www.convio.com
Daily News, 2006.‘Disaster alarm system to be set up soon’, 26 January 2006, Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd., Colombo, Sri Lanka.
De Silva, Chamindra, undated. Sahana FOSS Disaster Management System. http://www.linux.lk/~chamindra/docs/Sahana-Case-Study.pdf
DesInventar website: http://www.desinventar.org/desinventar.html
Dunnette, Roxana. 2006. ’Radio and TV Broadcasting for Disaster Relief and Public Warning’, Pacific Telecommunications Council ’06 Proceedings. http://www.ptc06.org/program/public/proceedings/ Roxana%20Dunnette_paper_t151%20(formatted).pdf
Gidley, Ruth. 2005.‘Covering conflicts and disasters: the media mandate’, Proceedings of the Asian Media Information and Communication Centre Annual Conference, Beijing, China, July 2005.
Putnam, Laurie, 2002. ’By Choice or by Chance: How the Internet Is Used to Prepare for, Manage, and Share Information about Emergencies’, First Monday,Volume 7, Number 11 (November 2002). http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_11/putnam/index.html
Sahana website: http://www.sahana.lk
Samarajiva, Rohan,Malathy Knight-John, Peter S. Anderson and Ayesha Zainudeen. 2005. National Early Warning System: Sri Lanka – A Participatory Concept Paper for the Design of an Effective All-Hazard Public Warning System,Version 2.1, LIRNEasia, Sri Lanka. http://www.lirneasia.net/2005/03/national-early-warning-system
Sarvodaya website: http://www.sarvodaya.org
Subramanian,T. S. 2005.‘Their own warning systems’, Frontline,Volume 22, Issue 02, 15-28 January 2005. http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2202/stories/20050128006701600.htm
# ICT in Education/About the Author
## About the Author

Victoria L. Tinio is Director for e-Learning of the Foundation for Information Technology Education and Development (FIT-ED), a non-profit organization based in Manila, Philippines. In that capacity, she designs and manages the national collaboration network of public secondary schools in the Philippines called Pilipinas SchoolNet, working directly with education policy makers, school administrators and teachers nationwide. Tinio has also worked with the e-ASEAN Task Force and other regional and international organizations on ICTs in education-related activities in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Viet Nam and Brunei Darussalam.
# ICT in Education/For Further Reading
## For Further Reading

Bates, A.W. 2000. Managing Technological Change: Strategies for University and College Leaders.San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Brown, J.S. and P. Duguid. 2000. The Social Life of Information.Boston MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Carlson, S. and C. T. Gadio. 2002. “Teacher Professional Development in the Use of Technology”,in Haddad, W. and A. Drexler (eds). Technologies for Education: Potentials, Parameters, and Prospects. Washington DC: Academy for Educational Development and Paris: UNESCO.
Cuban, L. 2002. Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Daniel, J. 1996. Mega Universities and Knowledge Media:Technology Strategies for Higher Education. London: Kogan Page.
Haddad, W. 1994. The Dynamics of Education Policymaking: Case Studies of Burkina Faso, Jordan, Peru, and Thailand. EDI Development Policy Case Series, Analytical Case Studies No. 10. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Steffe, L. P. and J. Gale.1995. Constructivism in Education.Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Rusten, E. and H. Hudson. 2002. “Infrastructure: Hardware, Networking, Software, and Connectivity”,in Haddad, W. and A. Drexler (eds). Technologies for Education: Potentials, Parameters, and Prospects. Washington DC: Academy for Educational Development and Paris: UNESCO.
# ICT for Disaster Management/Notes
## Notes

JUNAID SHAZAD S/O MUHAMMAD AYUB D.I.T STUDENT 0341-8208971
1 Complete definition of disaster by UN/ISDR: A social crisis situation occurring when a physical phenomenon of natural, socionatural or anthropogenic origin negatively impacts vulnerable populations and their livelihoods, production systems infrastructure and historical heritage, causing intense, serious and widespread disruption of the normal functioning of the affected social unit.The impacts and effects cannot be overcome with the resources autonomously available to the affected society. Impacts are expressed in different forms such as the loss of life, health problems, the destruction, loss or rendering useless of the totality or part of private or collective goods and severe impacts on the environment.These negative impacts require an immediate response from the authorities and from the population in order to attend the affected and to re-establish acceptable thresholds of wellbeing and life opportunities. (Source: Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives, UN/ISDR).
2 A hazard may not necessarily result in a disaster. For example, an undersea earthquake might not result in the loss of any lives or damage to property, and a typhoon is not a disaster until heavy rain and wind cause damage or disruption to inhabited areas (to human life, infrastructure, production, etc.).
3 ICT4D is an initiative aimed at bridging the digital divide (the disparity between technological ‘have’ and ‘have not’, geographic locations or demographic groups) and aiding economic development by ensuring equitable access to up-to-date communication technologies. ICT includes any communications device – encompassing radio, television, mobile phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.
4 CDMA, D-AMPS, GSM and UMTS are popular mobile phone system standards used around the world. CDMA, D-AMPS and GSM are considered second-generation technologies, while UMTS is a newer third-generation system designed to replace GSM.
5 Information on GIS taken from: Jayaraman,V. 2006.‘Framework for Regional Cooperation on Space Technology Supported Disaster Reduction Strategies in Asia and the Pacific’. Presentation at the ESCAP Meeting of Eminent Experts, 3-4 August 2006, Bangkok, Thailand; Johnson, Russ. 2000.‘GIS Technology for Disasters and Emergency Management’, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. white paper. http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/disastermgmt.pdf; Northwest GIS Services, Inc. http://www.nwgis.com; Raheja,Naresh, Ruby Ojha and Sunil R Mallik.Role of internet-based GIS in effective natural disaster management. http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/gis/techgi0030.htm; and Space Technology, GIS and Disaster Management in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Information Management Service Project. http://www.aims.org.af/services/sectoral/d_m/space_tech_and_d_m/space_tech_and_d_m.html
7 First target under MDG 7: Ensuring environmental sustainability. junaid shazad dit student
# ICT in Education
## Table of Contents

* Preface
* Introduction
* Definition of Terms
* The Promise of ICTs in Education
* The Uses of ICTs in Education
* Issues in the Use of ICTs in Education
* Key Challenges in Integrating ICTs in Education
* For Further Reading
* About the Author
* Notes

## Information

This book is donated by UNDP Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme (UNDP-APDIP) to the community. The original publication by:
Author: Victoria L. Tinio © UNDP-APDIP, 2003, 32 pages is located at http://www.apdip.net/publications/iespprimers/eprimer-edu.pdf
This wikibook is available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License and Creative Commons Attribution License 2.5

## Notes

Numbers that are just placed in the middle of the sentence are citations, and should be linked to the Notes page. Do not delete these citation numbers! Use the {{ictecite}} template to link them instead.
# Mario Kart: Double Dash!!/Character combinations

This is a table of all 190 Mario Kart: Double Dash!! character combinations. A character cannot be with himself/herself at the same time. For example, Mario cannot be with Mario.
M = Mario | L=Luigi | DK=Donkey Kong | DI=Diddy | W=Wario | WL = Waluigi | P=Peach | D=Daisy | Y=Yoshi | BR = Birdo | BM = Baby Mario | BL= Baby Luigi | K=Koopa | PT = Paratroopa | BO = Bowser | BJ = Bowser Junior | T=Toad | TE = Toadette | PP = Petey Piranha | KB=King Boo
| M-L | M-DK | M-DI | M-W | M-WL | M-P | M-D | M-Y | M-BR | M-BM | M-BL | M-K | M-PT | M-BO | M-BJ | M-T | M-TE | M-PP |
| L-DK | L-DI | L-W | L-WL | L-P | L-D | L-Y | L-BR | L-BM | L-BL | L-K | L-PT | L-BO | L-BJ | L-T | L-TE | L-PP | L-KB |
| DK-DI | DK-W | DK-WL | DK-P | DK-D | DK-Y | DK-BR | DK-BM | DK-BL | DK-K | DK-PT | DK-BO | DK-BJ | DK-T | DK-TE | DK-PP | DK-KB |
| DI-W | DI-WL | DI-P | DI-D | DI-Y | DI-BR | DI-BM | DI-BL | DI-K | DI-PT | DI-BO | DI-BJ | DI-T | DI-TE | DI-PP | DI-KB |
| W-WL | W-P | W-D | W-Y | W-BR | W-BM | W-BL | W-K | W-PT | W-BO | W-BJ | W-T | W-TE | W-PP | W-KB |
| WL-P | WL-D | WL-Y | WL-BR | WL-BM | WL-BL | WL-K | WL-PT | WL-BO | WL-BJ | WL-T | WL-TE | WL-PP | WL-KB |
| P-D | P-Y | P-BR | P-BM | P-BL | P-K | P-PT | P-BO | P-BJ | P-T | P-TE | P-PP | P-KB |
| D-Y | D-BR | D-BM | D-BL | D-K | D-PT | D-BO | D-BJ | D-T | D-TE | D-PI | D-KB |
| Y-BR | Y-BM | Y-BL | Y-K | Y-PT | Y-BO | Y-BJ | Y-T | Y-TE | Y-PP | Y-KB |
| BR-BM | BR-BL | BR-K | BR-PT | BR-BO | BR-BJ | BR-T | BR-TE | BR-PP | BR-KB |
| BM-BL | BM-K | BM-PT | BM-BO | BM-BJ | BM-T | BM-TE | BM-PP | BM-KB |
| BL-K | BL-PT | BL-BO | BL-BJ | BL-T | BL-TE | BL-PP | BL-KB |
| K-PT | K-BO | K-BJ | K-T | K-TE | K-PP | K-KB |
| PT-BO | PT-BJ | PT-T | PT-TE | PT-PP | PT-KB |
| BO-BJ | BO-T | BO-TE | BO-PP | BO-KB |
| BJ-T | BJ-TE | BJ-PP | BJ-KB |
| T-TE | T-PP | T-KB |
| TE-PP | TE-KB |
| PP-KB |
# Mario Kart: Double Dash!!/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mario_Kart:_Double_Dash!!
# Mario Kart 64/Characters

There are eight playable characters: Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach, Toad, Wario, Bowser, Yoshi, and Donkey Kong. Each character falls into one of three weight classes:
* Light: They have high acceleration, but poor speed and handling. Their light weight means they are easily pushed around, but do not lose much speed when they go off-road. (Members: Peach, Yoshi, Toad)
* Middle: Middleweights are supposedly average in top speed, acceleration, weight, and handling, but their acceleration and speed is in fact just as bad as heavyweights. They can make lightweights spin-out within two bumps in collisions, but can be spun out within two bumps in a collision with a heavyweight. (Members: Mario and Luigi)
* Heavy: They have weak acceleration, but great speed and handling. Their heavy weight means they can ram lighter characters, but lose a lot of speed they go off-road. Heavy characters can to spin out middleweights in two bumps and lightweights within a single bump in collisions. Because of their low speed and handling, they are not often used by players in races. However, they are a favourite for many Battle Mode players. They can make lightweights and middleweights lose a balloon when they run into them or when they get run into. (Members: Donkey Kong, Wario, Bowser)