OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carpentry/Framing/Walls

Framing walls begins with cutting the top and bottom plates to the desired lengths. If the wall is to be sheathed, the plates should be cut on 16" intervals, for example, the total length of the wall will be 26', the first plates should be cut at 16' and then the second set at 10', attached together at the ends. This ensures that once the stud spacing is laid out for the wall (every 16" on center in our example) a stud will land on the joint in our plates therefore supporting the joint. Having the plates together on edge and ensuring they are flush at one end, we hook our tape measure on to that end of our 16' set of plates and begin placing a mark every 16". This mark represents the center of our studs when we secure them.
Secure the studs to the one plate (perpendicularly) and then secure the other plate to the other end of the studs. A second top plate is often required. This second top plate will strengthen the joint in our original top plate and aid in securing our wall to other walls by overlapping as well as ensuring a proper load distribution from the trusses or joists above them to the studs of the wall being framed.
If sheathing or diagonally bracing the wall prior to raising, you must "square" the wall first. Secure the bottom of the wall(permanently or temporarily). Given that the length of the wall is the same at the top and bottom, and that the height is the same at both ends, a diagonal measurement is taken from one corner to the other, switch corners, shift the top of the wall side to side until both corner to corner measurements are equal. Secure top of wall temporarily to keep it square.
Begin sheathing from the same end you started laying out your studs so that the sheets break on the studs, or if the wall does not require sheathing, brace diagonally. Unsecure top of wall and raise wall until vertical.
# Carpentry/Hand Tools/Saws

There are several types of saws for cutting wood. Some are used to make straight cuts and others are used to make curved cuts.
The two main types of handsaws in the western world are the crosscut saw and the ripsaw. The teeth on a ripsaw are like a row of chisels, each used to sever a fiber of wood as they pass parallel to the grain. The teeth on a crosscut saw are like a row of knives, each used to slice across the wood fiber as they pass perpendicular to the grain. As its name suggests, a crosscut saw is used to cut wood perpendicular or at an angle to the wood grain. The crosscut saw typically has more teeth per inch than the ripsaw. A crosscut saw can also be used to cut plywood. The ripsaw is only used to cut wood in the same direction as the grain. The ripsaw makes a very rough and ragged cut when used to cut across the grain. The crosscut saw is a better all-purpose saw since you can cut with or against the grain. Although it can tend to follow the wood grain and make it harder to make a straight cut with the grain.
Both of these western handsaws cut on the push stroke. Japanese saws, on the other hand, cut on the pull stroke. The advantage of the Japanese saw is the width of the blade can be much thinner because you are using the steel in tension. Western style saws are much thicker because they will buckle if they are too thin. An exception is the backsaw used by cabinetmakers. This saw has a very thin blade with a high tooth count (for cleaner cuts) and a stiffener across the top of the blade to keep it from buckling.
The compass or keyhole saw is a short, narrow-bladed crosscut saw used for getting into tight spaces or for making circular cuts
The coping or fret saw has a narrow fine-toothed blade held in a c-shaped body and is used to make circular cuts and to for cope (trim) molding to fit snugly.
The hacksaw has a very fine-toothed, narrow blade and is used for cutting through metals.
# Carpentry/Cabinetry/Joints
## Biscuit Jointer

A biscuit jointer machines a groove of fixed depth & width into a piece of lumber. The grooves are of set standard sizes. An oval "biscuit" of pressed beech is placed into the groove. This biscuit expands when exposed to a water-based glue, thus strengthening the joint. In some cases biscuit jointing provides a stronger joint than traditional dowel joints.
# Carpentry/Framing

Framing walls begins with cutting the top and bottom plates to the desired lengths. If the wall is to be sheathed, the plates should be cut on 16" intervals, for example, the total length of the wall will be 26', the first plates should be cut at 16' and then the second set at 10', attached together at the ends. This ensures that once the stud spacing is laid out for the wall (every 16" on center in our example) a stud will land on the joint in our plates therefore supporting the joint. Having the plates together on edge and ensuring they are flush at one end, we hook our tape measure on to that end of our 16' set of plates and begin placing a mark every 16". This mark represents the center of our studs when we secure them.
Secure the studs to the one plate (perpendicularly) and then secure the other plate to the other end of the studs. A second top plate is often required. This second top plate will strengthen the joint in our original top plate and aid in securing our wall to other walls by overlapping as well as ensuring a proper load distribution from the trusses or joists above them to the studs of the wall being framed.
If sheathing or diagonally bracing the wall prior to raising, you must "square" the wall first. Secure the bottom of the wall(permanently or temporarily). Given that the length of the wall is the same at the top and bottom, and that the height is the same at both ends, a diagonal measurement is taken from one corner to the other, switch corners, shift the top of the wall side to side until both corner to corner measurements are equal. Secure top of wall temporarily to keep it square.
Begin sheathing from the same end you started laying out your studs so that the sheets break on the studs, or if the wall does not require sheathing, brace diagonally. Unsecure top of wall and raise wall until vertical.

## Stair Framing

Tread - The horizontal portion of a stair
Total Rise - the distance from top of finished floors that stairs span
Max and Minimums of Rise and Run :
| Stair Type | Rise, mm | Rise, mm | Run, mm | Run, mm | Tread Depth | Tread Depth |
| Stair Type | max | min | max | min | max | min |
| Service | No limit | 125 | 355 | No limit | 355 | No limit |
| Private | 200 | 125 | 355 | 210 | 355 | 235 |
| Public | 200 | 125 | 355 | 230 | 355 | 250 |
# Carpentry/Framing/Stairs
## Stair Framing

Tread - The horizontal portion of a stair
Total Rise - the distance from top of finished floors that stairs span
Max and Minimums of Rise and Run :
| Stair Type | Rise, mm | Rise, mm | Run, mm | Run, mm | Tread Depth | Tread Depth |
| Stair Type | max | min | max | min | max | min |
| Service | No limit | 125 | 355 | No limit | 355 | No limit |
| Private | 200 | 125 | 355 | 210 | 355 | 235 |
| Public | 200 | 125 | 355 | 230 | 355 | 250 |
# Carpentry/Hand Tools/Drills

A drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or driving tool attachment, usually a drill bit or driver bit, used for boring holes in various materials or fastening various materials together. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip, and sometimes edges, of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the target material. This may be slicing off thin shavings (twist drills or auger bits), grinding off small particles (oil drilling), crushing and removing pieces of the workpiece (SDS masonry drill), countersinking, counterboring, or other operations.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program/AS2022

AQA computer science 9x9 game
This is for the AQA AS Computer Science Specification.
This is where suggestions can be made about what some of the questions might be and how we can solve them.
Please be respectful and do not vandalise or tamper with the page, as this would affect pupils' preparation for their exams.

### Don’t allow 001 index value from being written to:

Describe the question here in more detail
C#:
C# (Dylan's Solution):
Delphi/Pascal:
Java:
Python:
Python (Filip's solution):
VB.NET:

### Print how many cells are left to go after user checks answers.

Describe the question here in more detail
C#:
Delphi/Pascal:
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Python (simpler solution):
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### Don't Allow User To Change Any Numbers In The Grid(Including New User Inputs And Original Numbers)

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### Don't allow user to change original numbers

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### Don't allow user to change original numbers (Tom's Version)

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### Don't allow user to change original numbers (Bradley's Version)

Describe the question here
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### Inadvertently Overwrite

Ask the user if they want to overwrite their save in order to prevent them accidently overwriting the file.
C#:
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### Don’t allow the user to change the original values in the original grid when loaded.

Describe the question here
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Delphi/Pascal:
Java:
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### Don't allow user to re-enter an already entered number

Check if the digit entered is already there in that row, that column or in that coordinate
[ACH]
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Bradleys Code ☺
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### Awards user with 1 point for correct answer and -1 point for an incorrect answer

Describe the question here
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### Summary of question

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### Give the user a hint, which can only be used once per grid

Describe the question here
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Big H
VB.NET:

### Call Graph of the Python version of the Skeleton Code.

Can help with understanding of the structure of the code, and useful for answering a question in part B.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program/AS2020

This is the AQA Computer Science Paper 1 discussion page, please do not vandalise the page as students use this for revision. Be sensible. Respect the page.
Possible questions based on the current ASCII Art scenario:

## Change Display Error sub routine to allow "codes"

Change the display error subroutine to allow text error messages to replaced by codes. For extensions you may add alternative or new error codes.
Python:
Java:

## Give the option to enlarge image

Add another menu option to scale up an image as specified by the user.
Python:

## Saving Image as ASCII or Graphics

Change the SaveFile subroutine to allow Graphics or ASCII files to be saved.
Python:
Java:

## Save Compressed images using RLE

Add option to save file as a compressed ASCII image. Adds another filetype
Python:

## Load Compressed Image

In Load subroutine pickup compressed file type and load into GRID
Python:

## Validate change symbol

In the editImage subroutine add a function to validate whether the chosen symbol to replace exists in current image. Create SymbolExist subroutine which returns a boolean values of TRUE or FALSE depending whether given symbol exists in image.
Java:

## Validate change symbol (Python)

In the editImage subroutine add a function to validate whether the chosen symbol to replace exists in current image. Create SymbolExist subroutine which returns a boolean values of TRUE or FALSE depending whether given symbol exists in image.
Python:
# A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Skeleton program/AS2021

This is for the AQA AS Level Computer Science Specification.
This is where suggestions can be made about what some of the questions might be and how we can solve them.
Please be respectful and do not vandalise the page, as this would affect students' preparation for exams!
Please do not discuss questions on this page. Instead use the discussion page.

## Section C Predictions

The 2021 paper 1 will contain x questions worth y marks.
* Question here.
* Question here.
* Question here.

## Section D Predictions

Programming Questions on Skeleton Program
* The 2020 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 6 mark, an 8 mark question, a 11 mark question and one 12 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s), so the likely marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.
* The 2019 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, an 8 mark question, a 9 mark question and one 13 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s), so the marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.
* The 2018 paper 1 contained one 2 mark question, a 5 mark question, two 9 mark questions, and one 12 mark question - these marks include the screen capture(s).
* The 2017 paper 1 contained a 5 mark question, three 6 mark questions, and one 12 mark question.
Current questions are speculation by contributors to this page.

### Summary of question

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### Summary of question

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# Applicable Mathematics/Sets

A set is a collection of items which have something in common. They are usually designated by upper case letters. The members of the set are called elements.
The number of elements in set A = n(A) or |A|
$2\in A$; 2 is an element of set A.
$2\not \in C$; 2 is not an element of set C.
$B\subset A$; B is a subset of A which means every element of B is an element of A. $B\not \subset A$; B is not a subset of A.
U; universal set and varies for each collection under construction.
$\emptyset$ is the empty set and has no elements in it. $n(\emptyset )=0.$
Operations on Sets:
$A\cap B$; Intersection between sets: elements common to both sets.
$A\cap B=\emptyset$; A and B are said to be disjoint if they have no common elements.
$A\cup B$; The union between the sets A and B is the set of all the elements found in either A or B.
The complement of set A is the set of all elements in the universal set that are not found in A. A’ or . *Note: the complementation must be done in the context of the universal set.
For sets A and B; $n(A\cup B)=n(A)+n(B)-n(A\cap B)$
Venn Diagrams:
The relationship between sets and the operations performed on them can be represented graphically by using Venn Diagrams.
In Venn Diagrams, rectangles are usually used to represent universal sets and sets are usually defined on them represented by shaded circles or ovals.
Complement of a set:
Complement of set A is the set of all elements in the universal set NOT set A; A’ or .
Subsets:
Every element of a subset is also in the set. The set itself is also considered a subset. The empty set is also considered a subset.
Rules:
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)
n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A  B) – n(A  C) – n(B  C) + n(A  B  C)
# Applicable Mathematics/Transformations

A transformation of a given figure changes its size, position, or shape. Lines of reflection, angle measurements, and distances are used to describe transformations according to the type of transformation that occurred. Not only can you transform shapes and figures, but you can also transform functions. Piecewise functions can be transformed through the application of transformations to each piece individually. Different ways to transform functions are: horizontal and vertical translation, reflection across the x- and y-axis, and horizontal and vertical stretch/compression.
# Applicable Mathematics/Univariate Data
## univarite statistics

a basic introduction (not complete)
$\Sigma$: "sigma" which means "sum of"
example:
$\sum _{i=2}^{4}1\times i$
(considering numbers 1 to 10)
sum of numbers from 2 to 4 by factor of 1 ($1\times i$)
4
Σ 1x$_i$ = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
i=2
the mean ($X$) = sum of all scores / number of scores = Σx / n
also:
standard deviation (§)
variance (v)(§$^2$)
box plots
-quartiles
stem plots
class limits, boundaries, classmarks
transformations on data sets
Standard scores (z)
# Applicable Mathematics/Probability Distributions
## Probability Distribution

Some experiments have numerical outcomes, like rolling a die for instance. A variable whose value is the numerical outcome of a random event is called a random variable. Take rolling a die, for example. We can let the random variable D represent the number showing on the die when rolling the die. Then, D equals either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
A function that puts together a probability with its outcome in an experiment is known as a probability distribution. Or, another way of putting it is that it is a function that maps the sample space to the probabilities of the outcomes in the sample space for a particular random variable. The numbers below illustrate the probability distribution for rolling a die.
D = roll 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6
P(D = 4) = 1/6
A uniform distribution is a distribution where all of the probabilities are the same. The probability distribution above has uniform distribution.
The use of a table of probabilities (or a graph) can help you visualize a probability distribution. Such graphs are known as relative- frequency histograms.

## Example of Probability Distribution

Suppose 2 dice are rolled. The table shows the distribution of the sum of the numbers rolled.
S = Sum 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Probability 1/36 1/18 1/12 1/9 5/36 1/6 5/36 1/9 1/12 1/18 1/36
a. Use the table to find P(S = 10). What other sum has the same probability?
The probability of the sum of 9 (according to the table) is 1/12. The other sum of 4 has the same probability of 1/12.
b. What are the odds of rolling a sum of 8?
Step 1 Identify s and f.
Step 2 Find the odds.
So, the odds of rolling a sum of 8 are 5:31.
# Application Development with Harbour/Database Connectivity
## How to Create and Fill a DBF File

Step 1: Create a file DbTests.prg
Step 2: Write the following code in that file DbTests.prg:
Step 3: Compile and run DbTests.prg
This code in Clipper displays a message on the screen and creates a new database structure file named testdbstructure - you should see that a testdbstructure.dbf is created in the same directory as DbTests.prg, this DBF file is a where columns names of other dbffiles are described in rows
The columns of this testdbstructure are FIELD_NAME, FIELD_TYPE, FIELD_LEN, FIELD_DEC.
Step 4: Create 3 rows which has a FIELD_NAME, FIELD_TYPE, FIELD_LEN, FIELD_DEC and then close the current dbf file
The code uses the APPEND BLANK command to add three new blank records to the table.
The code then uses the "->" operator to access the fields in the table and define the field values. For example, the command "FIELD->FIELD_NAME := "ContactId"" sets the value of the "FIELD_NAME" field in the first record to "ContactId". The other two commands define the values ​​of the "Name" and "Email" fields in the remaining records.
Finally, the "Main" procedure ends with the "CLOSE" command, which closes the table, and the "RETURN" command, which returns control to the main program or procedure that called it.
Tip: to view the contents of a DBF file you can use GNumeric (http://www.gnumeric.org/) or LibreOffice Calc (http://www.libreoffice.org/) - most spreadsheet programs support DBF files.
Step 5: Create a dbf file with the name contacts.dbf from the testdbstructure.dbf. The columns of contacs.dbf are now the FIELD_NAME rows of testdbstructure.dbf. And then put in some testdata in Contacts.dbf
Use LibreOffice Calc to open and see the content of the file Contacts.dbf.

## RDDs and Database Connectivity

https://harbourlanguage.blogspot.com/2010/06/understanding-harbour-rdd.html
# Application Development with Harbour

Cross platform application development is a challenging task. Many script languages are designed to run on interpreters that are available for many operating systems. The harbour-project has a different approach. It is capable of compiling native applications for many operating systems like MS-DOS, Windows (32 & 64), Windows CE, Pocket PC, OS/2, GNU/Linux and Mac OS X and you only write one source code. The Harbour Project is a Free Open Source Software effort to build a multiplatform Clipper language compiler.
If you know nothing about harbour, you will get step-by-step instructions and many working code samples that help you get started so you can feel the power

## Contents

* Introduction
* Installation
* Harbour Overview
* Control Structures
* Programming with Functions
* Object Oriented Programming
* Database Connectivity
* Understanding Workareas
* GUI Programming
* HbIDE
* Multi Thread
* OS Specific
* Debugging
* Reference

## Note to editors

Right now, this is just a rough draft. Feel free to add as much to this book as you like. If you feel that you do not know enough to contribute, don't worry! Most pages are blank. Just fill them with what you know. It will evolve into something bigger.
Don't be afraid to make mistakes! We will clean up after you. So if your English is not perfect. No problem. Most of the users and developers are not native English-speakers. Just type it in. Others who know better English will edit.

### Style of writing

Many people who read this book may not be perfect in English. So using simple words is better than complicated words. Short sentences are better than long ones.
Everything in this book is licensed under the Creative Commons License. So please don't use any copyrighted material without asking the rightful owner.

## Useful Links

* http://www.harbour-project.org/
* http://www.xharbour.com/
* http://groups.google.com/group/harbour-users/web/how-find-harbour-info-link
Massimo Belgrano has a very large website. We can use his content because he has agreed to the Creative Commons License:
* http://harbourlanguage.blogspot.com/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbour_(programming_language)
# Application Development with Harbour/HbIDE

From https://hbide.vouch.info/: hbIDE is an open-source, multi-platform Integrated Development Environment (IDE) hosted inside Harbour's SVN repository.
The revision number is displayed in the titlebar of the main window, and according to the download page https://hbide.vouch.info/downloads.htm the most recent version is v1.0 r17110 09Nov2011, which makes it almost 12 years old now, yet it implements many functionalities eliminating the need of switching between multiple tools and a consistent interface.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Outdoor Industries/Poultry/Emden

Embden Goose :
* Description: The breed is pure white with a light orange, short, bill, and orange feet and shanks. They are fast growing birds and will quickly reach about 20lb for the Goose, and 30lb for the Gander. The Embden's legs are fairly short. The head is oval-shaped and they have a long and graceful neck. The eyes are blue. The body is bulky and well rounded, having a long back and a short tail. The wings are very strong and of a good length. The feathers are close and very hard. The breed’s habits are to forage for tidbits in the grass and water. They are a very hardy breed. The adult bird will commence laying eggs fairly early in the year, in February as a rule, laying 30 to 40 eggs. The bird is an excellent table bird.