OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arithmetic/Number Operations/Addition

Addition is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic. The operation is usually shown by the plus symbol (+). This is the act of combining two numbers into one. This operation may be used on any number, from natural numbers to complex numbers. For example, look at the following equation:
    $2+2=4$
This means "Adding two with two gives us four" or put more simply, "Two plus two equals four". In this example, both twos are terms (addends), the numbers being added together, while the 4 is the sum, the result of the addition.

## Properties of Addition
### Commutativity

When adding two numbers together, it doesn't matter what order the numbers are placed in, since the outcome will be the same. That is to say for any two numbers $x$ and $y$, $x+y=y+x$ For example, the two equations end up with the same result.
    $4+5=9$
    $5+4=9$

### Associativity

When adding multiple numbers together, the order in which you add the numbers doesn't matter, since the outcome will be the same. For any three numbers $x,y$ and $z$, $(x+y)+z=x+(y+z)$ For example, the two equations will end up with the same result.
    $(1+2)+3=3+3=6$
    $1+(2+3)=1+5=6$

### The Additive Identity

The number 0 is known as the additive identity. This means if you add any number with zero, you end up with that original number. For example:
    $4+0=4$
    $6.24+0=6.24$
# Arithmetic/Numbers Less Than Zero

Although we cannot have less than nothing in real life, we have to assume that since you can go all the way in one direction in counting up, that you can continue to count down in the other direction.
For example, when you're giving somebody apples, you can count those apples up; otherwise, if you take apples away from somebody, you carry out a negative action and, therefore, you should apply the negative counting. This way, such numbers are exactly called negatives, and they represent values less than zero.
If you have given somebody an apple, two apples, or three apples, your apple-giving may be assessed with the numbers 1, 2, or 3, respectively. But if you have taken 2, 4, or even 5 apples away from somebody, the actual "apple-giving" will deserve, indeed, negative assessment and, this way, may be represented by negative numbers, which are, in our case, -2, -4, and -5 respectively.

## Examples

-3 (pronounced "Negative Three" or "Minus Three")
-5
-10
-11
5 - 7 = -2
10 - 19 = -9
36 - 55 = -19
36 - 111 = -75
36 - 555 = -519
# Arithmetic/Number Operations/Multiplication

Multiplication is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic. The operation is usually shown by the times symbol (*). This is the act of taking a number and adding it to itself a certain number of times. Think of multiplication as a shorthand way of performing repeated addition. For example, the following equation:
    $5*4=20$
This means, "Multiplying five by four gives twenty," or put more simply, "five times four equals twenty." In this example, 5 and 4 are the factors, and 20 is the product, the result of the multiplication.

## Properties of Multiplication
### Commutativity

When multiplying two numbers together, it doesn't matter what order the numbers are placed in, since the outcome will be the same. That is to say for any two numbers $x$ and $y$, $x*y=y*x$ For example, the two equations end up with the same result.
    $3*7=21$
    $7*3=21$

### Associativity

When multiplying multiple numbers together, the order in which you multiply the numbers doesn't matter, since the outcome will be the same. For any three numbers $x,y$ and $z$, $(x*y)*z=x*(y*z)$ For example, the two equations will end up with the same result.
    $(2*3)*4=6*4=24$
    $2*(3*4)=2*12=24$

### The Multiplicative Identity

The number 1 is known as the multiplicative identity. This means if you multiply any number with one, you end up with that original number. For example:
    $4*1=4$
    $6.24*1=6.24$
# Arithmetic/Part I Review and Test
## Notes

Remember that:
Any time a number smaller than (LESS than) 0 is added to a number larger than (GREATER than) 0 you would use subtraction as shown below:
Any number subtracted from itself always equals 0.
Any number above 9 will always have more than one digit.
The number line is very important in calculating numbers smaller than 0.
# Arithmetic/Percents Decimals and Fractions
## Conversions between percents, decimals and fractions

The perhaps easiest way to convert from:
Decimal to fractions is by simply moving the period over 2 and putting it over a 100
(ex) Express .50 as a fraction
usually the best way to set it all up is the following
When reading decimals, it is similar to verbalizing a fraction. For example, 0.2 is spelled out as "two-tenths", hence 2/10, which simplifies to 1/5. What if you had the real number 0.002? Same principle: "two-thousandths" implies 2/1000, which reduces to 1/500.
Previous: Grammar Next: Simple symbolic manipulation Return to: Algebra Outline
# Arithmetic/Number Operations/Division

Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic. The operation is usually shown by the division symbol (÷). This is the act of taking a number, and fragmenting it by using another number. The objective is usually to find how many times a number can fit in another number.
How many times can 2 fit into 4? This operation would be written as:
4 ÷ 2
In this case, 4 is the number we want to divide, and 2 is the number we want to divide 4 with. Thus, 4 is the dividend and 2 is the divisor.
It's important to note that this is a type of division titled: partition division.
# Arithmetic/Number Operations/Subtraction

Subtraction is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic. The operation is usually shown by the minus symbol (-). This is the act of taking a number and taking away a certain amount of it. Think of it as the opposite of addition, an operation where a number is combined with another to form a resulting sum. For example, the following equation:
    $5-1=4$
This means, "Taking away one from five gives us four", or put more simply, "Five minus one equals four." In this example, the 5 is the subtrahend, the number being subtracted; the 1 is the minuend, the number it is subtracted from; and the 4 is the difference, the result of the subtraction.

## Properties of Subtraction
### Non-Commutativity

Unlike addition, the order in which two numbers are subtracted does matter. In other words, unless the subtrahend and minuend are equal to each other, they are distinct elements when subtracting and cannot be switched order wise. For example, the two equations end up with different results.
    $5-2=3$
    $2-5=-3$
Here is another example using numbers with decimals.
    $4.3-1.2=3.1$
    $1.2-4.3=-3.1$
Notice how the difference of the original expression is negative of the difference of the flipped expression. This is a specific type of non-commutativity known as anticommutativity. For any numbers $x$ and $y$,
    $x-y=-(y-x)$

### Non-Associativity

Unlike addition, when subtracting multiple numbers, the order in which you subtract the numbers matters. Subtracting numbers in different orders may, and likely will, result in different differences. For example, the two equations will not end up with the same result if the order of which you subtract is different, even if the expression itself is the same.
    $(1-2)-3=-1-3=-4$
    $1-(2-3)=1-(-1)=1+1=2$
# American Literature

This project discusses the entire field of American Literature, meaning literature produced in the United States or written by authors whose primary residence or background is from the United States, starting with the earliest explorers and settlers and ending at the present time. A synthesis of chronological perspective and literary schools is attempted within this text.

## Welcome

This Wikibook is written with the beginning college student in mind. The virtue of this format for presenting American Literature is that it is "thinner" than typical anthologies of the subject because it does not have to include entire original texts, but instead can link to them. Nor is this Wikibook obligated to provide synopses of major authors. Wikipedia already has these. This Wikibook, therefore, sets out to accomplish the third task of an American literature survey course textbook: to paint the picture of the trends in the periods of literature, and discuss how authors relate to one another.
For the earliest (before 1928) works of American literature, copyright issues are irrelevant. We provide the links to the works under discussion and urge the student to read enough of the work to obtain an appreciation for its intrinsic value. For later periods, copyright issues do still pertain, and the student will have to acquire copies of the works themselves, although I have quoted brief passages to illustrate the concepts discussed.
This book is still a work in progress. If you would like to help with it, please look at the suggested guidelines on the Talk Page. Thanks.

## Contents

* Colonial Period (1620s-1776)
* Enlightenment Period (1760s-1820s)
* Romanticism (1810-1861)
* Realism (1860s-1890s)
* Naturalism (1890s-1950)
* Modernism (1914-1945)
* Post-Modern Period (1940s-Current)
# American Literature/20th Century/Carl Sandburg
## Life

Carl August Sandburg was born on January 6, 1878 in Illinois to Swedish parents.

## Works

* Selected poetry collections
** In Reckless Ecstasy (1904)
** Chicago Poems (1916)
** Slabs of the Sunburnt West (1922)
** Good Morning, America (1928)
** Harvest Poems, 1910-1960 (1960) (poetry)
* Biography
** Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years (1926)
** Abe Lincoln Grows Up (1928)
** Mary Lincoln: Wife and Widow (1932) (biography)
** Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (1939) (biography)
* Novel
** Remembrance Rock (1948) (novel)
* Song collection
** Songs of America (1927)
* Children's story collection
** Rootabaga Pigeons (1923)

## External links

* The Carl Sandburg Home in North Carolina (National Park)
* Carl Sandburg at Poets.org
< < < Previous Page: Theodore Dreiser
> > > Next Page: Jack London
# American Literature/20th Century/Jack London
## Life

Jack London was born January 12, 1876, in San Francisco. He was a voracious reader as a child, borrowing book after book from the public library. By age 14 he left home and became a wanderer. He worked aboard a ship for awhile and also spent time hopping trains.
By continuing his childhood practice of reading library books, he educated himself and eventually enrolled at the University of California at Berkeley when he was 19 years old. He had already begun to write seriously and hoped to make a living at it.
During his travels London had adopted socialist views and in 1901 ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Oakland, California, as the Socialist Party candidate. He was writing steadily, producing numerous novels, short stories, and essays in a span of just a few years.
In 1910 he purchased a tract of land in Sonoma County, California, and poured his time and energy into his home there, which he named Beauty Ranch. In 1913 it was destroyed by a fire, and London discovered that he was in very bad health. His few remaining years were bleak, and he died on November 22, 1916.

## Works

* Selected novels
** A Daughter of the Snows (1902)
** The Call of the Wild (1903)
** The Sea-Wolf (1904)
** White Fang (1906)
** The Mutiny of the Elsinore (1914)
* Short story collections
** Tales of the Fish Patrol (1906)
** Smoke Bellew (1912)
** The Turtles of Tasman (1916)
* Memoirs
** The Road (1907)
** John Barleycorn (1913)
* Nonfiction and essays
** The People of the Abyss (1903)
** Revolution, and other Essays (1910)
** The Cruise of the Snark (1913)
** How I became a socialist
* Plays
** The Acorn Planter: a California Forest Play (1916)

## External links

* The Jack London Online Collection at Sonoma State University contains a biography, images, texts, audio files, and other research aids.
< < < Previous Page: Carl Sandburg
> > > Next Page: Willa Cather
# American Literature/20th Century/Theodore Dreiser

Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (August 27, 1871 – December 28, 1945) was an American naturalist author known for dealing with the gritty reality of life. He was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, to Sarah and John Paul Dreiser, a strict Catholic. John, his father, was a German immigrant and Sarah was from the Mennonite farming community near Dayton, Ohio; she was disowned for marrying John and converting to Catholicism. Theodore was the twelfth of thirteen children (the ninth of the ten surviving). The popular songwriter Paul Dresser (1859–1906) was his older brother. From 1889–1890, Theodore attended Indiana University before flunking out. Within several years, he was writing for the Chicago Globe newspaper and then the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. After proposing in 1893, he married Sara White on December 28, 1898. They ultimately separated in 1909, but were never formally divorced.

## Works

* The Financier
* Sister Carrie: a Novel
* The Titan
* Twelve Men

## External links

* DreiserWebSource at University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* Works by Theodore Dreiser
< < < Previous Page: Mark Twain
> > > Next Page: Carl Sandburg
# Building Haycocks/Aftercare

After the haycocks have been built in the fields and before they are gathered for hay to be transferred to a long term storage facility such as a hayshed or into a large hayrick there is need for ongoing maintenance and gathering. Especially at first the haycock will settle and shrink and ropes will need to be re-tightened, possibly within a day or top and especially if there are large winds. Ropes are re-tightened by pulling the rope taut and re-knotting/tucking over the original attachment point. Sometimes a top of a haycock can slide down and can simply be judiciously pushed back into position by judicious use of the pitchfork.
Should it appear the haycocks are not in a safe location, perhaps in a part of field susceptible to flooding, it may be wise to move them to a safer location. This will be done my equipment used for gathering as described in the next section.
# Budget Watch Collecting/Watch battery interchange

SR=Silver Oxide LR=Alkaline. Silver can always be substituted for Alkaline, with a longer life. In some applications alkaline will not substitute for silver.
Older batteries made a distinction between low drain and high drain. Modern quality batteries can be used for either.
BUTTON BATTERY INTERCHANGE :
| AG | | silver | alkaline | Timex |
| AG0 | 379 | SR521 | LR521 | JA |
| AG1 | 364 | SR621 | LR621 | T |
| AG2 | 396, 397 | SR726 | LR726 | N,V |
| AG3 | 392 | SR41 | LR41 | K |
| AG4 | 377 | SR626 | LR626 | BA,MA |
| AG5 | 393,309 | SR754 | LR754 | C,F |
| AG6 | 371,370 | SR920 | LR920 | Z |
| AG7 | 395,399 | SR927 | LR927 | W |
| AG8 | 391 | SR1120 | LR1120 | LA,L |
| AG9 | 394 | SR936 | LR936 |
| AG10 | 389 | SR1130 | LR1130 | M |
| AG11 | 362 | SR721 | LR721 | S |
| AG12 | 386,301 | SR43 | LR43 | D,H |
| AG13 | 357,303 | SR44 | LR44 | A,J |
| | 343*, 344 | SR42 | | B* |
*1.35v mercury battery, no longer made--Silver and Alkaline are 1.5v, usually work.
Note: If you've got more interchange information feel free to add it as plain text, someone will come and format it later.
# Building Haycocks/Building/Base

The diameter of the base of a haycock sited on a field will be approximately 2 metres wide, and can be judged by sight or by the length of a pitchfork. In general those planned for move horse and cock-shifter may be larger than those planned for move by small tractor, e.g. Ferguson 20, with rear prong attachments where balance issues may result.
The actual site of the haycock must be chosen with a little care. It should not be in a dip where water and dampness may gather as the haycock seasons in the field.
# Building Haycocks/Building/Ropes

After a haycock has been built it is essential to secure it with ropes tied at the bottom and going over the apex. If this is not done securely the haycock will likely lose its top and have to be rebuilt. Specialist twine is generally used for the purpose, through a rope may also be constructed from hay. Two ropes are generally required which should cross at right angles over the top; a single rope may be used as a temporary measure though this has some risk. Roping is generally a two-person job and a third may be required if conditions are windy to hold the top of the haycock from blowing away.
One person holds the end of the twine at the base of the haycock and the spool tossed or passed or guided over. For the second rope it should be at 90 degrees to the first. To another person directly the other side. The twine is coaxed into the optimal position on the top by re-guiding by pitchfork. Having established the require length the person with the spool cuts the twine. Both persons reach into the butt of the cock and from about a couple of feet in grab a fistful of hay that they twist and tug with medium force to ensure it is secure. Both then simultaneously and evenly pull down on the rope over haycock and then simultaneously knot it to the tuft pulled from the but of the haycock.

### Creating a hay rope

If twine is unavailable for some reason it is possible to construct a rope out of hay, this requires two people. It is necessary for one person be near a supply of hay to make the rope, the other will operate a rope spinning handheld tool; though it is possible to use a smooth stick or pitchfork instead. A fistfull of long hay is placed round the machines hook (or stick) and the operator steadily spins the rope while the other person feeds hay into his hand which is gently holding the other end of the rope. Providing the spinning rate is constant and feed of hay at the other constant a well formed and strong rope will be formed, however failure to maintain an even place will cause the rope to have bits of thin diameter which will easily break
# Building Haycocks

Building Haycocks encompasses manual and semi-manual methods and techniques for saving hay. Haycock is often shortened to cock in common usage while pike is an alternative name.
If you wish to participate in the writing or editing of Building Haycocks, or if you have an idea as to how this book can be improved, please see the "to-do" list. You may also add your name to the list of contributors.

## Table of Contents
### Introduction

Preface
Safe harbour

### Chapters

* Overview
* Tools
* Ground selection and preparation
** Drainage
** Rolling
** Fertilizing
** Weeding
* Cutting
** Timing
** Implements
** Execution
* Haymaking
** Shaking
** Turning
** Rowing
** Lapping
** Gathering
* Building
** Base
** Tramping
** Topping
** Ropes
* Aftercare
* Gathering

### Appendices

* Glossary
* Contributors
* Author guidelines

## External Links

* Template:Wikisource-inline
* Hay Harvesting in the 1940s instructional films, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Library
# Budget Watch Collecting/Watch Identification

Budget Watch Collecting/Timex date codes
Budget Watch Collecting/Timex model names
Budget Watch Collecting/Timex movements
Budget Watch Collecting/Timex related brands
Budget Watch Collecting/Unknown Swiss Made
Budget Watch Collecting/Identifying movements
Budget Watch Collecting/Bulova Caravelle date codes
Budget Watch Collecting/Identifying by style
Budget Watch Collecting/Seiko serial numbers
Budget Watch Collecting/Types of Movements
Waltham serial number lookup
Elgin serial number lookup
Movement Database Mostly jeweled mechanical
Seiko Movement Table
Identifying a vintage watch can be frustrating. Only a few have any easy means of identifying when a particular watch was made. Timex mechanicals and electromechanicals after 1962 have a model number on the dial, the last two numbers correspond to the year made. Bulova brands after 1948 have a 2 character code-The first digit is the decade, the second is the year. Waltham and Elgin have serial number databases on-line covering early watches. For some watches the only clues are the movement and the overall style--Even the brand name may not explain anything.
# Building Haycocks/Building

The perfect traditional starting point for building a haycock in a field is the exact right amount of hay gathered round in a circle approximately slightly over three metres in diameter with the surrounding ground having been raked cleaned of any remaining hay. This would have been prepared by the gathering team ready for the specialist haycock builders to build the haycock from the gathered hay. Any wet, damp or rough hay would be have been separated to its own location for use in the very base or on the top.
# Aros/Developer/AROSAppPackages

AROS Application Packages are presently only a basis for "per application" management.
It is the AROS Devs intentions to be able to provide a proper package file for installing/updating/distributing software at some time in the future of AROS.

## Environment Variable Settings

Installed Packages have an Environment variable in ENV:SYS/Packages which points to the location in which they are installed.
i.e.:
AROSTCP's env variable is ENV:SYS/Packages/AROSTCP and contains "SYS:Extras/Networking/Stacks/AROSTCP" by default - the normal install location from the AROS ISO.
Other Packages should use the same convention for their environment variables - ENV:SYS/Packages/<Package Name>

## Package Control Files

Inside the drawer the package is installed to you will find a script ("s/") folder.
This contains scripts which are used to perform startup/cleanup functions for packages.
currently there are the following files

### PackageStartup

    This script is run during boot to perform actions necessary to make the package available for use.
    It may perform normal script operations just as code that gets inserted into startup-sequence/user-startup however it is easier to control its use on a package basis if done using these scripts.

### PackageShutdown

    This script is used to close down a package completely. It should undo all things performed in PackageStartup if necessary
# Aros/Developer/Basic/Basic4SDL

* Navbar for the Aros wikibook
* Aros User
* Aros User Docs
* Aros User FAQs
* Aros User Applications
* Aros User DOS Shell
* Aros/User/AmigaLegacy
* Aros Dev Docs
* Aros Developer Docs
* Porting Software from AmigaOS/SDL
* For Zune Beginners
* Zune .MUI Classes
* For SDL Beginners
* Aros Developer BuildSystem
* Specific platforms
* Aros x86 Complete System HCL
* Aros x86 Audio/Video Support
* Aros x86 Network Support
* Aros Intel AMD x86 Installing
* Aros Storage Support IDE SATA etc
* Aros Poseidon USB Support
* x86-64 Support
* Motorola 68k Amiga Support
* Linux and FreeBSD Support
* Windows Mingw and MacOSX Support
* Android Support
* Arm Raspberry Pi Support
* PPC Power Architecture
* misc
* Aros Public License

## Introduction

It's supposed to be B4GL using an SDL backend support but since the Basic4SDL project was never completed it will act as a site containing tutorials, advice & downloads for the Basic4GL community as well.

## Examples

* Basic4GL tutorials
* Basic4GL tutorials
* Tile Gfx

## References

* Basic4GL Language Guide
* Basic4GL Programmers Guide
* Basic4GL Blog
* Basic4GL forum
* Windows Basic4GL website
# C++ Language/Std/Stl/CollectionClasses

In STL, there are many collection classes the programmer could choose from. Some of them organize their items as a linear sequence. Other collection classes organize their items based on the sorting of a "key".
* Sequence Collections
* Sorted Collections
# C++ Language/Std/Stl/CollectionClasses/SequenceCollections

These collection classes are stored in a linear sequence from some beginning item (the "front" of the collection) to some ending item (the "back" of the collection).
* Vector
* Vector of Bool
* STL-Array
* Deque
* List
* Forward-List
# C++ Language/Std/Stl/CallableObjects/Lambda

Just like an int has a literal form (e.g., 123), a callable-object has a literal form called a "lambda". In this example, the literal is being assigned to a callable-object variable: std::function<int(int,int)> DoMath; DoMath = (int x, int y) { return x + y; };
Additional information about lambdas (includes interactive examples)