OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# In-Depth General Biology/Foreword

We are all alive. We all breathe, eat, move, react, grow, reproduce and die. And that's something that extends to all living things on Earth and not only us, humans. Life extends everywhere, and some lifeforms are so small we can't even see them without a microscope aid. Life is a hard concept to define, no doubts about it. But life is something so aweinspiring and mesmerizing that pushes us to study every aspect of it and examine all its facets, ranging from the smallest virus of all, the most complex chemical reactions in cells and the transformation of species through space and time, to the interactions of living matter and energy, and the biggest of all trees.
The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive walkthrough of biology, the aptly named "science of life," through its current understanding, debates, and wonders. Whether it's used as a textbook for an introductory biology course, as a self-study guide, or simply for the joy of learning more about the complexity and beauty of life's processes, "In-Depth General Biology" offers an introduction to the principles and phenomena that govern the living world. We will delve into the chemical reactions that occur every second within our cells and the interactions between atoms. We'll explore how macromolecules interact to sustain life and comprehend the cellular organization of living beings. The transmission of genetic information, evolution through space and time, the relationships between organisms and their environments, and the diversity of life, aided by the study of form and function, will collectively reveal the grand panorama of life in all its glory.
The book is interconnected, so, you can explore all you want whenever you desire to do so. This will also give you a fresh glance into new perspectives of life. Good voyage in the beautiful study of life!
# In-Depth General Biology/UNIT 1. The Chemical Basis of Life

If you desire to understand life, you have to learn first what makes life and how it works at the smallest levels. From atoms to DNA, this first unit seeks for you to understand the principles of chemistry and physics tha will aid you in your journey.
In this Unit, you'll learn:
* The Inorganic Chemistry of Life
* Physics of Life
* Water and Living Things
* Carbon and Organic Chemistry
* Carbohydrates
* Lipids
* Proteins
* Nucleic Acids
# Incidents at Ballinalee/Battle of Ballinamuck
## Significance

The Battle of Ballinamuck marked the defeat of the main force of the French incursion during the 1798 Rebellion in Ireland.

## victory of General Humbert

The victory of General Humbert at Castlebar, despite gaining him c. 5,000 Irish recruits had not led to a renewed outbreak of the rebellion as hoped. A massive British army of some 26,000 men was assembled under the new Viceroy Lord Cornwallis and was steadily moving towards his forces. Abandoning Castlebar, Humbert moved towards Ulster with the apparent intention of igniting a rising there but after defeating a blocking force of British troops at Collooney in Sligo he altered course following reports that rebellions had broken out in Westmeath and Longford.
17 French soldiers were killed in the brief fight, 96 French officers and 748 men were taken. British losses were initially reported as 3 killed and 16 wounded or missing, but the number of killed was later reported as 12. Approximately 500 Irish lay dead on the field, 200 prisoners were taken in the mopping up operations, almost all of whom were later hanged, including Matthew Tone, brother of Wolfe Tone. The prisoners were moved to Carrick-on-Shannon, St Johnstown, today's Ballinalee, where most were executed in what is known locally as Bullys Acre.
Humbert and his men were taken by canal to Dublin and repatriated. The British army then spread out into rebel held Mayo in a brutal campaign of killing and house burning which reached its climax on 23 September when Killala was stormed and retaken with much slaughter. Members of the French inspired "Republic of Connaught" such as George Blake, were hunted down and hanged with many other suspected insurgents.
The catastrophe at Ballinamuck left a strong imprint on social memory and featured strongly in local folklore. Numerous oral traditions were later collected about this episode, principally in in the 1930s by the historian Richard Hayes and by the Irish Folklore Commission.
# Inclusive Data Research Skills for Arts and Humanities/Contributors

Although Wikibooks has its own mechanisms for keeping track of editors and contributors, we warmly invite all Hackathon participants to add their name below in recognition of their work and contribution. You are also welcome to add your role and institutional affiliations(s) if you wish.
* Richard Nevell, Wikimedia UK
* Harry Solomons
* Huda Almazroua, PhD researcher at Chelsea College of Art, University of the Arts London.
* Nina O'Reilly, Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts London
* Junting Yang - Wimbledon College of Arts, University of Arts London
* Grace Cappy - Coventry University
* Christine Gibson - BIEA
* Pushpi Bagchi
* Annie Mackinnon
* Akriti Goel, MA User Experience Design, University of the Arts London
* Khanh Bao Tran, MSc Computing and Information Systems, Queen Mary University of London
* Syeda Sana Batool - PhD Researcher at Falmouth University
* Simon Banos, Central Saint Martins, UAL
* Chen Wang, PhD researcher at the University of the Arts London, London College of Communication.
* Fancheng Richard Meng, PhD researcher at London College of Communication, University of the Arts London.
* Lucy Xu
* Karen Hanrahan
* Laura Wain
* Aditi Bhatt, MA Design for Social Innovation & Sustainable Futures, University of the Arts London
* Maribel Hidalgo-Urbaneja, Transnational Art Identity and Nation (TrAIN) Research Centre, Chelsea College of Arts, UAL.
* Karen Hanrahan
* Claire Carroll
# Introduction to Software Engineering/Architecture/Labs
## Labs
### Lab 1: Architectural Styles (30 min)

For this lab you may want to work in pairs. Consider the following architectural styles. Use the internet or books, to find for each one of them one or two good example applications.
* Client–server model (2-tier)
* Three-tier model (An architecture with Presentation, Business Logic and Database tiers)
* Database-centric architecture
* Distributed computing
* Event-driven architecture
* Monolithic application
* Peer-to-peer
* Pipes and filters
* Service-oriented architecture
* Shared nothing architecture
* Software componentry

### Lab 2: GoF Design Patterns and StarUML (15 min)

Start StarUML and take a look at the ’Apply Pattern’ feature of StarUML: Create a new empty class diagram. Right-click in the white space, and select ’Apply Pattern’. There in the dialog that appears select ’Pattern Repository’ then ’GoF’ and then take the ’Factory Method’. Click next a couple of times, and you should get the class diagram for the Factory Pattern.

### Lab 4: Dynamic GUI Creator (30 min)

An interesting example of the Factory Method pattern is the dynamic loading of Swing classes at runtime. This could be used to build GUIs completely dynamically during runtime. This would be interesting for very large projects, when several 100 user interfaces need to be created. This could be used to generate GUI’s ’on the fly’.

### Lab 4: Anti-Patterns with SourceMonitor (30 min)

Pick a Java and a Cpp project. Install (or copy) SourceMonitor. The program is pretty self-explanatory. Make sure you get the following reports:
* Overall report for the project, write down the numbers you get and comare them with your neighbors (who hopefully does a different project)
* Right-click on the Baseline report and create reports for
** Checkpoint Metrics Summary
** Method Metrics
** Checkpoint Metrics Kiviat Graph
* Then double-click on the Baseline report, which will give you a report for every file. Use it to find the files/classes with
** The most/fewest statements
** The most/fewest methods per class (which Anti-pattern is this?)
** Max depth (what does this mean?)
** Maximum complexity
* Right-click on the file with the most statements and find
** Display File Metrics Details
** Display Method Metrics

### References
## Questions

* What is 1+1?
# Introduction to Software Engineering/Deployment/Labs
## Labs
### Lab 1: XYZ (30 min)

Let us get started...

### References
## Questions

* What is 1+1?
# Guitar/Campfire-Diploma Completion/Song Examples
### (8) Campfire-Diploma Completion

The following songs contain almost all the practice material for the campfire diploma With these songs you leave the beginner status. The songs are not particularly difficult. But they contain all the essential learning content of the campfire diploma. (6 chords G D C Em Am A Lagerfeuerschlag and the quick change of fingering)
* Ein Mann der sich Columbus nannt
* Hoch auf dem gelben Wagen
* Nikolauslieder
* YT American Pie (Don McLean) © Very demanding and almost impossible to play without a chord sheet. (G D) Em Am C Em D - (G D) Em Am C Em C D - Em Am Em Am (C G) Am C D (G D) Em C D (G D) Em C D (G C) G Ref:(G C)(G D)3x Em A Em D Strophe 2: G Am C Am Em D (G D) Em Am C Em A D - Em D Em D (C G) A C D (G D) Em C D Am C (G D) Em C D (G C)(G D) If you have practiced "When you say nothing at all" before this song, then the chorus is very easy. Practice the chord progression (G-D)-Em and (C-G)-Am or (C-G)-A dozens of times in a row beforehand until you can memorize this chord progression with a quick change of fingering.
* YT Your Song (Ellie Goulding/Elton John)
* Template:Youtube-Suche
* YT Always On My Mind (Elvis Presley)
* YT Let It Go (Demi Lovato)
* YT These Days (Foo Fighters)

#### Already playable with tricks
##### individual chords must be simplified

* YT Boulevard of broken Dreams (Green Day) © Em G D A (several times) Chorus C G D A (3x) C G B7- (B7 can also be played as a D' without the ring finger, if only the lower 3 strings are struck). On C in the chorus, only perform two downbeats and only play the campfire strumming pattern again on "shadow".
# Guitar/Campfire Diploma/ Navi Introduction

I. Introduction: Before we start • Chord Diagrams & Tablatures • Accessories • Storing
# History of video games/Platforms/Fire TV
## History

The Fire TV is a series of consumer media consumption devices that include some gaming functionality. While most focused on non-interactive media, a special Amazon Fire TV Gaming Edition placed greater emphesis on gaming.

## References

* ↑ "Amazon Fire TV Gaming Edition Streaming Media - Consumer Reports". www.consumerreports.org. https://www.consumerreports.org/products/streaming-media-34794/streaming-media-devices-36862/amazon-fire-tv-gaming-edition-384648/.
# History of video games/Platforms/FunKey S
## History
### Development

Prototype cases were made with 3D printing.

### Launch

The system cost about $70.

## Technology
### Compute

The system used a ARM Cortex A7 architecture processor clocked at 1.2 gigahertz. The system has 64 megabytes of DDR2 RAM.
The system ships with a 32 gigabyte microSD card, which can be user upgraded.

### Screen

The FunKey S has a screen with a resolution of 240 pixels by 240 pixels, a size of 1.52 inches, and a refresh rate of 50 hertz.

### Hardware

The system is powered by a battery with a capacity of 410 mAh, lasting under two hours. The system uses MicroUSB for charging.
Production cases were injected molded.

### Software

The system runs FunKey OS, which is a custom OS based on Linux.

## Refrences

* 1 2 3 "Funkey S Review - The Mini Gameboy Advance SP". Retro Dodo. 18 May 2020. https://retrododo.com/funkey-s/.
* 1 2 3 4 5 "My Eyes Hate Me for Loving This Impossibly Tiny Game Boy Clone" (in en-us). Gizmodo. https://gizmodo.com/my-eyes-hate-me-for-loving-this-impossibly-tiny-game-bo-1846624976.
# History of video games/Platforms/Fly Pentop Computer
## History
### Legacy

Metro news listed the Fly Pentop Computer as a top Christmas toy in 2006.

## Technology
### Compute

The pen had 64 megabytes of "memory", which could be doubled to 128 megabytes through an 64 megabyte upgrade.

### Interface

Games were interfaced with through making gestures with the pen.

## References

* ↑ Lindsay, Duncan (25 November 2015). "Each year's best Christmas toy revealed from 1980 to now - how many did you own?" (in en). Metro. https://metro.co.uk/2015/11/25/each-years-best-christmas-toy-revealed-from-1980-to-now-how-many-did-you-own-5525285/.
* ↑ "LeapFrog Fly Fusion Pentop Computer Review - The Gadgeteer". 28 November 2009. https://the-gadgeteer.com/2009/11/28/leapfrog-fly-fusion-pentop-computer-review/.
* ↑ McHugh, Josh. "LeapFrog's Wild Ride". Wired. https://www.wired.com/2005/11/leapfrog-2/.
# History of video games/Platforms/Fitbit
## History

Despite not being a gaming focused product, a number of small games were released for Fitbit products, typically as a way of exergaming.

## Games

Some more traditional video games such as Snake were made for particular Fitbit models.

## References

* ↑ "FitRPG Turns Your Fitbit Into a Game You Play with Friends" (in en-us). Lifehacker. https://lifehacker.com/fitrpg-turns-your-fitbit-into-a-game-you-play-with-frie-1602140820.
* ↑ "Fitbit Versa 3 Review" (in en). PCMAG. https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/fitbit-versa-3.
# History of video games/Platforms/G3x
## History

The G3x was a gaming platform developed by Qualcomm meant to be produced by other OEMs, shown in 2021. Because of it's developer oriented nature, the device was not meant for mass market consumer sale.

## Technology

The system had a high refresh rate OLED display, operating at 1080p resolution at 120 hertz.

## References

* ↑ Peters, Jay (1 December 2021). "Qualcomm’s new G3x platform could usher in a new wave of Nintendo Switch-alikes" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2021/12/1/22789752/qualcomm-g3x-chip-platform-android-razer-developer-kit.
* ↑ "Super-powered Android gaming consoles are on the way, but do we need them?". Android Authority. 12 December 2021. https://www.androidauthority.com/android-gaming-consoles-3073935/.
* 1 2 "I played with Qualcomm's Switch-like G3x game console and I wish I could buy it". Android Police. 4 December 2021. https://www.androidpolice.com/hands-on-with-qualcomms-switch-like-g3x-game-console/.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1939 12
## Link to Issue PDF

WorldRadioHistory.com's scan of Australasian Radio World - Vol. 4 No. 7 - December 1939 has been utilised to create the partial content for this page and can be downloaded at this link to further extend the content and enable further text correction of this issue: ARW 1939 12
In general, only content which is required for other articles in this Wikibook has been entered here and text corrected. The material has been extensively used, inter alia, for compilation of biographical articles, radio club articles and station articles.

## Front Cover

The Australasian Radio World
DECEMBER 1, 1939; Vol. 4 - No. 7; Price, 1/-
Registered at the G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a periodical
Cover Photo: The 165' steel tower on top of the new A.W.A. building in York St., Sydney (see page 8).
Highlighted Contents: More About the "Vulcan Shortwaver": Multi-Meters and Oscillators: Beam-A-Scope: Loop Portable Three: "Air-Scout Comm. Six": Latest World S.-Wave News: B.C. D.X. Contest

## P.02 - Editorial Notes

"Radio World" Change of Address
Readers are asked to note that, early in December, "Radio World" headquarters will be shifted to a building now being erected for the Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., at 117 Reservoir Street (off Elizabeth St., near Central Railway Station). As from December 11, all correspondence should be addressed as follows: "Australasian Radio World," 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W. The new "Radio World" telephone number - FL2842 - appears in the current directory.

## P.02 - Contents Banner

The Australasian Radio World
Incorporating the
All-Wave All-World DX News
Managing Editor - A. Earl Read, B.Sc.
Vol. 4. - DECEMBER, 1939 - No. 7.

## P.02 - Contents

CONTENTS:
Loop Portable Three . . . . 3
The Story of R.C.S. Radio (1) . . . . 6
R.C.S. Releases Five-Band Coil Assembly . . . . 8
Mullard World-Master Consolette Gives Outstanding Performance . . . . 10
Junior Class "B" Amplifier . . . . 13
Air-Scout Communications Six . . . . 15
Service Equipment (2) . . . . 18
Beam-A-Scope Noise-Killer Aerial . . . . 23
The Vulcan Shortwaver . . . . 26
What's New In Radio . . . . 27
Two New Amplion Speakers . . . . 31
Shortwave Review . . . . 32
"Radio World" All-Wave Oscillator . . . . 37

## P.02 - Publication Notes

The "Australasian Radio World" is published monthly by Read Publications. Editorial offices, 214 George Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Telephone BW6577. Cable address: "Repress," Sydney. Advertisers please note that copy should reach office of publication by 14th of month preceding that specified for insertion.
Subscription rates: 1/- per copy, 10/6 per year (12 issues) post free to Australia and New Zealand.
Note: Address of Editorial offices after December 10, 1939, will be 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney.
Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 214 George Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietors of the "Australasian Radio World," 214 George St., Sydney (Footnote P.40)
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1943 01
## P.03 - Contents Banner

The Australasian Radio World
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
All-Wave All-World DX News
Vol. 7 - JANUARY, 1943 - No. 8

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Proprietor, Publisher, Editor - A. G. HULL
Technical Editor - J. W. Straede, B.Sc.
Editorial Offices -
117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, Phone M4078 - M4079 and
187-193 Berkley St. Carlton, Victoria - Phone F4136
Office Hours - Week-days: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Not open Saturday morning
Subscription Rates - 6 issues 5/3, 12 issues 10/6, 24 issues £1, Post free to any address
Service Departments - Back Numbers, 6d. ea., post free; Reply-by-mail Queries, 1/- each; Laboratory Service, 2/6 per set
Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," 117 Reservoir St., Sydney (Footnote P.28)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS:
CONSTRUCTIONAL -
Standard 4-Watt Amplifier . . . . 5
TECHNICAL -
Interesting Ideas in Circuits . . . . 7
Modern Gramophone Pick-ups . . . . 9
Substitute Valve Arrangements . . . . 11
Evolution of the Detector . . . . 13
Another Quality Set Design . . . . 14
A Dictionary of Radio Terms . . . . 16
Radio Step by Step - Part 10 . . . . 20
The "Magneto" Spacelicker . . . . 23
SHORT-WAVE SECTION -
Short-Wave Review . . . . 21
New Stations . . . . 22
Loggings of the Month . . . . 24
THE SERVICE PAGES -
Answers . . . . 26

## P.03 - Editorial Notes

Editorial
From what we can gather there has been an order issued which prohibits the manufacture of radio sets. Up till now we have not been able to find out whether the order will apply to those of us who assemble a set for ourselves once in a while, but it is only reasonable to expect that the prohibition will apply to all. The idea is to conserve stocks of component parts and make them available for the maintenance of existing receivers. With such a difficulty facing the radio trade it might be opportune to reassure our readers that there is little likelihood of the order affecting the progress of "Australasian Radio World." It is now some months since it was possible to order a kit of parts for a set and obtain them without difficulty. Yet over this period our little magazine has enjoyed unexpected popularity. Sales have risen steadily and, for our October issue, represent a peak in the seven-years' history of the publication. As might be expected, our advertising section is not as strong as in the good old days, but we still have a valuable list of loyal supporters. Annual subscriptions are as solid as ever. As a result, we have decided upon a policy of improvement and expansion starting with the appointment of Mr. J. W. Straede to the position of Technical Editor. Mr. Straede is a Bachelor of Science, and a radio engineer with a nicely blended balance between the theoretical and the practical and plenty of bright ideas. We are confident that his contributions will be even more popular in the future than in the past.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1943 04
## P.03 - Contents Banner

The Australasian Radio World
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
All-Wave All-World DX News
Vol. 7 - APRIL, 1943 - No. 11

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Proprietor - A. G. HULL
Technical Editor - J. W. Straede, B.Sc.
Advertising Manager - Dudley F. Walter
Secretary - Miss E. Vincent
City Office - 243 Elizabeth St., Sydney Phone MA2325
Office Hours - Week-days: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m., Saturdays: 9 a.m. - 12 noon
Editorial Office - 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney
Subscription Rates - 6 issues 5/3, 12 issues 10/6, 24 issues £1, Post free to any address
Service Departments - Back Numbers, 1/- ea., post free; Reply-by-mail Queries, 1/- each
Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," 117 Reservoir St., Sydney (Footnote P.28)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS:
CONSTRUCTIONAL -
The "S.R.L. Special" Amplifier . . . . 5
TECHNICAL -
Audio Frequency Coupling Methods . . . . 7
Ideas in Circuit Design . . . . 10
Gremlins Now Troubling Radio . . . . 12
Evolution of the Radio Valve . . . . 13
Are Deaf Aids Radio Business? . . . . 15
Can There be Radio to the Planets? . . . . 18
Radio Step by Step - Part 13 . . . . 19
SHORTWAVE SECTION -
Shortwave Review . . . . 20
New Stations . . . . 22
Loggings of the Month . . . . 23
THE SERVICE PAGES -
Answers . . . . 26

## P.03 - Editorial Notes

Editorial
One of the outstanding features of this war has been the way in which rumours have been proved to be so dangerous. The power of suggestion is capable of wreaking havoc, even with people who would normally show reasonable discrimination. Which might lead you to think that we are going to tell you not to listen-in to the powerful Jap signal which romps in on the short-wave bands, or to repeat the oft-told tale of Station Ananias. Actually, however, our aim is more to dispel the many rumours about the difficulty of obtaining parts for the maintenance of receivers. There are many shortages and it would be futile to assert that all types of valves are readily available. On the other hand, things are not nearly as bad as they might be, and we have a long way to go before conditions will be as difficult as they are in England, where it has been estimated that more than a million receivers are silent for want of replacement parts. Strangely enough, some parts which might be expected to be scarce are readily available, and surprising results can sometimes reward a little scouting around the shops. We made an outsize in errors in the Queries page of last month's issue, by suggesting that certain old-type battery valves would be unobtainable, only to be corrected by the Mullard people, who happen to have handy stocks of many valves of types of which little has been heard for several years.