OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Romilda Vane
## Overview

Romilda Vane is a fellow student of Harry Potter. She is in Gryffindor house, but is two years younger than Harry – in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, when Harry is in sixth year, it is mentioned that she is a fourth-year.

## Role in the Books
### Half-Blood Prince

Romilda is one of a group of fourth-year girls who try to get Harry to sit in their compartment of the Hogwarts Express, instead of with Luna Lovegood and Neville Longbottom. Harry rather disappoints them by saying he'd rather stay where he was.
Romilda has rather set her cap for Harry, to the extent of trying to get him to take her to Professor Slughorn's Christmas party, by slipping him some love potion; Hermione has warned him, however, and he sets the love potion, concealed inside chocolate cauldrons, aside in his dorm. Ron later takes these by mistake, damaging his relationship with Lavender Brown.
When Harry publicly announces the start of his romantic attachment to Ginny by kissing her at the Gryffindor Quidditch victory party, Romilda appears to be very angry.

## Strengths

Romilda is assertive and not afraid to approach Harry. She is probably the leader of her clique of fourth year girls.

## Weaknesses

Romilda is self-centered, vain and a bit ruthless. Her interest in Harry is strictly about prestige and peer approval rather than any genuine feelings for him.

## Analysis

Like so many characters in the Potter series. Romilda's character is echoed by her name. She is vain, trying to hook up with Harry not for anything that Harry has, but for what he can bring her: a measure of fame amongst the girls in the common room. In all of her plotting and scheming to get Harry to notice her and go out with her, notably absent is any idea of what Harry would like. The very first time we see her, we note that she is apparently quite willing to dismiss Harry's friends, in her attempt to be the force that brings Harry to their compartment.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Rabastan Lestrange
## Overview

Rabastan Lestrange is brother to Rodolphus Lestrange.

## Role in the Books
### Goblet of Fire

Rabastan is introduced when Harry, viewing Albus Dumbledore's pensieve, witnesses four Death Eaters, including Rabastan, on trial.
Shortly after Lord Voldemort's disappearance, Rabastan and three other young Death Eaters (his brother Rodolphus Lestrange, his brother's wife Bellatrix Lestrange, and Barty Crouch Jr.) attacked Aurors Frank and Alice Longbottom, torturing them with the Cruciatus Curse until their mental faculties were irreparably damaged. All four Death Eaters were sentenced to Azkaban prison.

### Order of the Phoenix

Rabastan was one of the ten Death Eaters to escape from Azkaban, even though he wasn't named his presence later in the book implies such.
Rabastan was later one of the Death Eaters who fought for the prophecy. During the chase he was partnered with Crabbe. He likely also took part in the battle in the room with the veil.

### Half-Blood Prince

Twice, Professor Dumbledore and Harry visit Horace Slughorn's memories of one particular night when Slughorn is meeting with Tom Riddle and his associates. In both of those memories, Slughorn notes to an Avery and a Lestrange, that they have an essay due, and would be given detention if he didn't have it ready. Note that we mention this Lestrange here because of the name; however, both Rodolphus and Rabastan were born a generation after Voldemort was at Hogwarts. The Lestrange mentioned would therefore most likely be their father.

## Analysis

It's interesting that Sirius Black did not mention Rabastan as one of the people who was part of the gang of future Death Eaters who Severus Snape associated with, even though both Bellatrix and Rodolphus were. It's possible that Rabastan was at least a few years older or younger than the other members of the group. Of course, Sirius just might not have named all members.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Roger Davies
## Overview

Roger Davies is the Captain of the Ravenclaw Quidditch team and is one of the Chasers. He is a talented player and seems to be considered very good looking - Fleur Delacour evidently liked him enough to allow him to escort her to the Yule Ball.

## Role in the Books
### Prisoner of Azkaban

Referred to only as 'Davis', Roger appears in the Gryffindor vs Ravenclaw Qudditch game, as he shakes hands with Gryffindor Captain Oliver Wood, telling us he's Captain of the Ravenclaw Qudditch Team.

### Goblet of Fire

Roger appears at the Yule Ball as the date to Fleur Delacour, Triwizard Champion for Beauxbatons. Yule Ball.

### Order of the Phoenix

In this book Cho Chang claimed to Harry that Roger asked her to go out with him but she turned him down in favour of Harry instead. Later in the fifth book, Roger and his date for the afternoon, a pretty blonde girl, ended up in Madam Puddifoot's in Hogsmeade - the same tea shop as Harry and Cho (and many other student couples). Talking with Harry about this afterwards, Hermione suggests that Cho likely was trying to use Roger's interest in her to make Harry jealous, and thus gauge Harry's interest in her. However, it seems to have only succeeded in confusing him. Roger later plays in the Gryffindor vs. Ravenclaw Quidditch Match and manages to score at least one goal.

## Relationships with Other Characters

During the Triwizard Tournament, Roger Davies dated Fleur Delacour. He was Fleur's partner for the Yule Ball – we are led to believe that this was Fleur's choice.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Pinyin/Libya

Libya is a country in North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
Libya shih Beeifei guorjia, beeibuh yuu Dihzhong Haai, dongbuh yuu Egypt, xinarnbuh yuu Sudan, narnbuh yuu Chad her Niger, xibuh yuu Algeria her Tunisia xiangliarn.
it has an area of 1.8 million square kilometers, the 17th largest in the world.
miahnji 180 wahn pirngfang qianmii, shihjieh dih-17 dah.
Libya has a population of 6.4 million.
Libya rernkoou 640 wahn.
The capital Tripoli is its largest city with 1.7 million people live there.
shooudu Tripoli shih gai guor zuih dah cherngshih, rernkoou 170 wahn.
In 2009, Libya had the highest HDI in Africa and the fifth highest GDP per capita in Africa, behind Equatorial Guinea, Seychelles, Gabon, and Botswana.
2009 niarn, Libya yoou Feizhou zuih gao HDI, her zaih Chihdaoh Guinea, Seychelles, Gabon her Botswana houh, Feizhou dih-5 dah rernjun GDP.
Libya has the 10th-largest oil reserves in the world and the 17th-highest petroleum production.
Libya yoou shihjieh dih-10 dah shiryour curnliahng, shih shihjieh dih-17 dah chaanyourguor.
# Pinyin/Lift

See also
# Pinyin/Lift head

See also
# Pinyin/Lightning

Search lightning
Lightning is a powerful electrical discharge made during a thunderstorm.
shaandiahn shih leirbaoh shir shihfahng d qiarnglih diahnliur.
# Pinyin/Likely

See also
# Pinyin/Life

Search Pinyin life

## Noun

* life is the period of time from someone’s birth until their death.
** shengmihng shih chusheng zhih siiwarng d shirqi.
# Pinyin/Light

See also

## Noun

* light is the brightness from the Sun or from a light, which allows you to see things.
** guang shih lairzih Taihyarng huoh deng d guangmarng, rahng woo'men kahndaoh dong'xi.
# Pinyin/Ligament

In anatomy, a ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones. Ligaments are similar to tendons and fasciae as they are all made of connective tissue. The differences in them are in the connections that they make; ligaments connect one bone to another bone, tendons connect muscle to bone and fasciae connect muscles to other muscles. These are all found in the skeletal system of the human body. Ligaments cannot usually be regenerated naturally; however, there are periodontal ligament stem cells located near the periodontal ligament which are involved in the adult regeneration of periodontal ligament.
Zài jiěpōuxué, rehndaih shì gǔtou zhì gǔtou de xiānwéi liánjiēxìng zǔzhī. Rèndài lèisì jīnjiàn hé jīnmó, dōu shì liánjiēxìng zǔzhī; fēnbié shì rèndài liánjiē gǔtou zhì gǔtou, jīnjiàn liánjiē jīròu zhì gǔtou, jīnmó liánjiē jīròu zhì jīròu. Zhèxiē dōu zài réntǐ de gǔgé xìtǒng fāxiàn. Rèndài tōngcháng bùnéng zìrán zàishēng, dàn yázhōu rèndài fùjìn de yázhōumó gànxìbāo néng zài chéngnián shí zàishēng.
# Pinyin/Like

* to like
** xiihuan
* be like
** haaoxiahng
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Demiguise
## Overview

Located in the far east, the Demiguise is incredibly hard to find, as it will turn itself invisible if it feels threatened.

## Extended Description

It is mentioned in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows that many Invisibility Cloaks are actually woven out of Demiguise hair. It is also mentioned that these cloaks become opaque over time.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Deprimo
## Overview

Deprimo is a spell which blasts holes in things.

## Extended Description

We see this spell in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows when Hermione uses it to blast a hole in the floor of Xenophilius Lovegood's house, as she, Harry and Ron make their escape from Selwyn and Travers.

## Analysis

From the circumstances in which this is used, we can gather something about the spell. Hermione does not want to hurt the Death Eaters; she is trying to save Xeno from further torture at their hands, so she wants them to see that she and Harry were actually there, as Xeno had reported. She would have avoided a spell that would cause the floor to explode, which would have hurt her, Harry, and Ron, who were standing on it, as well as the Death Eaters. Similarly, a spell that would cause the floor to fall in might fall on the Death Eaters, and could also mask the presence of Harry. So the Deprimo spell almost certainly makes the floor vanish, and any explosion-like effects are caused by the remainder of the house as its already weakened structure is further damaged by the removal of a chunk of floor.
The effect is likely similar to the Reductor spell, which seems to be intended to turn objects to dust, rather than the Confringo or Expulso spells.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Diffindo
## Overview

Diffindo is a destructive spell. It can be used to make seams rip and books separate from their bindings; its effects can be reversed by the Reparo charm.

## Extended Description

Harry first uses this spell in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire to separate Cedric Diggory from a clutch of his friends, by causing the seam on his bag to split. Cedric has to stop to collect his books, which gives Harry a chance to speak to him privately.
In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry uses this spell to keep his copy of the Half-Blood Prince's Potions book. When his own copy of the book arrives from Flourish and Blotts, Harry uses the Diffindo charm to separate the covers from the text of both his new book and the Prince's book, swaps covers, and then uses Reparo to repair both. In this way he can return a book to Professor Slughorn that looks like the one he borrowed, but keep the incredibly useful marginal notes of the Prince.

## Analysis

Hermione is, of course, scandalized at any use of magic for destructive purposes; in particular, when this spell is used on a book, she is horrified.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Deletrius
## Overview

The Deletrius charm ends the display of previously-cast spells from a wand, that was previously triggered by use of the Prior Incantato charm.

## Extended Description

In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the House Elf Winky is found Stunned, holding a wand, shortly after the Dark Mark is cast. The Prior Incantato charm is used to determine that it was, in fact, the wand that was found with Winky that was used to cast the Dark Mark. Once it is confirmed, the Deletrius charm is used to end the display.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Devil's Snare
## Overview

Devil's Snare is an extremely dangerous plant that will, as suggested by its name, ensnare wizards when disturbed. It strangles those who approach it by wrapping them in its (usually dark, and in a developed plant thick) tendrils. Possibly this is a magical variant of the Muggle Venus Flytrap or pitcher plant, that capture insects for food. We suspect that in the wild it can also capture and consume larger animals such as cows. If this is the case, "playing dead" is not a defence; lying still may prevent it from strangling you, but will trigger the plant's attempts to start growing roots into you, and the strangling will resume as soon as you try to get away.

## Extended Description

A plant of the dark and dank, it reacts to heat and light by retreating. When Harry, Ron, and Hermione are trapped in it, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Hermione remembers this sensitivity, and, when prompted by Ron, manages to create fire that makes the plant retreat.
Devil's Snare appears again in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Here, Harry, Hermione, Ron, and Ginny see a small specimen delivered as a gift to one Broderick Bode, a long-term spell-damage patient at St. Mungo's Hospital. Hermione later reads in the Daily Prophet that Bode, encouraged to tend this plant as part of his healing, had been strangled by it.

## Analysis

Given their previous experience of the plant, one must wonder why Harry, Ron, and Hermione did not recognize it when they saw it delivered to Bode. Harry does admit to being made uneasy by the potted plant's swaying tendrils. It is possible that they had simply been distracted by their encounter with Gilderoy Lockhart.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Defodio
## Overview

Defodio, a gouging spell, is used to cut channels or grooves in solid material.

## Extended Description

Hermione uses this spell to carve space into the tops of tunnels as the Trio escape from Gringotts on the back of a dragon. Harry and Ron follow her lead, cutting away parts of the passages that the dragon is trying to get through as it finds its way out of the cellars of Gringotts.

## Analysis

It is interesting that spells are so very specific; it is noted that there are several different cleaning spells, Evanesco for inside containers, Scourgify for surfaces, and Tergeo for dust. Here we see that there is a specific spell for gouging surfaces; while it is similar to the other destructive curses, like the Reductor curse and Deprimo, it is not the spell that Hermione uses in this instance.
A large part of ability in Charms, then, must be the ability to remember the specific spell that would provide the wanted effect, out of a list of possibly hundreds or thousands, along with the ability to associate the correct gestures and mental state with it.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Densaugeo
## Overview

Densaugeo apparently causes the teeth of whomever it hits to grow rapidly.

## Extended Description

Draco Malfoy uses it first in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire; he had goaded Harry into dueling with him. The spell hit Harry's Furnunculus jinx and ricocheted, hitting Hermione in the mouth. As a result of this, Hermione's front teeth grew to a length of over a foot long.

## Analysis

In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, we learn that combining jinxes can have unexpected effects. We can't be certain that the extreme growth of teeth was the intended effect; the spell may well have been modified by hitting the Furnunculus spell. Additionally, as this spell does not seem to be used elsewhere, it is hard to know what its normal effect would be. We can't even really tell whether the spell would cause growth of whatever it hit, or is specific to teeth; the word used seems to be related to teeth ("dens" from the French "dents", "augeo" from the same root as "augment"), but without another example of the spell in action, this must be purest speculation.
Given the apparent effect of this spell, it is hard to imagine what Draco's intent would be in casting it; the effect would seem more likely to enrage the victim, rather than incapacitate him, although one supposes that the lisp resulting from having teeth overlapping one's chin could render verbal spell-casting ineffective.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.

## Greater Picture

While the spell and its use here seem almost pointlessly trivial, this is a demonstration of the fact that spells, like physical projectiles, will be reflected by other spells. This proves to be a useful point at the climactic battle in the cemetery at the end of this book, and in battles in later books as well.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Descendo
## Overview

The Descendo jinx is used to knock over piles of things. It is apparently not an instantaneous action; using it on a tall pile of stuff, for instance, will cause the pile to start to fall, but it can still be stopped with a properly timed Finite charm.

## Extended Description

We first see this jinx used near the end of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Harry, Ron, and Hermione have entered the Room of Requirement, and have split up to search for the lost Diadem. Harry is trapped by Draco, Crabbe, and Goyle. Hearing Ron, Crabbe uses the Descendo jinx to try and drop a 50-foot pile of stuff onto Ron; Harry stops it with the Finite charm, and Draco then prevents him from using it again.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# LPI Linux Certification/Packaging Software
## Detailed Objective

Weight: 1
Description:
Candidates should be able to build a software package. This objective includes building or rebuilding both RPM and DEB packaged software.
* Key knowledge area(s):
** RPM description, software and commands
** DEB description, software and commands
** SPEC file format
** debian/rules file format
* The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
** rpmbuild
** The contents of /var/lib/rpm and /usr/lib/rpm/
** var/cache/debconf/
** dpkg-deb
** dpkg
# LPI Linux Certification/Perform Basic File Editing Operations Using Vi
## Detailed Objectives

(LPIC-1 Version 5.0)
Weight: 3
Description:
Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text. It also includes awareness of other common editors and setting the default editor.
Key Knowledge Areas:
* Navigate a document using vi.
* Understand and use vi modes.
* Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text in vi.
* Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.
* Configure the standard editor.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
* vi
* h,j,k,l
* i, o, a
* d, p, y, dd, yy
* ZZ, :w!, :q!
* EDITOR

## vi

When using X-Windows, you can use mouse oriented editors such as xedit. In a cross-development environment, users use their favorite editor. On a non-windowing system, you only need a keyboard editor such as vi. The vi editor on Linux is the same as on any Unix systems. vi has two modes:
* Command mode: Anything you type will be interpreted as a command
* Input mode: Anything you type will be inserted into the file
To transition from Command mode to Input mode, use the i, I, a, A, o, and O keys. To transition from Input Mode to Command Mode, use the ESC key.
The default starting mode is the Command mode.
The file configuration .exrc can be created in your home directory to set up some vi behaviors.
To perform basic file editing using vi, use the following keys:
* Move cursor
** l one space right
** h one space left
** j one line down
** k one line up
** $ end of line
** ^ start of line
** w next word
** e end of word
* Enter Input Mode
** i before cursor
** I at start of line
** a after cursor
** A at end of line
** o open line below
** O open line above
* Delete
** dw delete word
** dd delete line
** D delete to end of line
** x delete char at cursor

## Exercises

* Use vi from any directory to begin editing an empty buffer.
* Enter a few lines of text into this buffer.
* Save the contents of the buffer to the directory.
* Open the file again with vi.
* Create a new line beneath what you typed earlier. (Without using i from command mode.)
* Exit vi without saving these changes.
* Exercises results
# LPI Linux Certification/Perform Security Administration Tasks

Weight: 3
Description:
Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies.
# LPI Linux Certification/Perform security administration tasks
## Detailed Objective

(LPIC-1 Version 5.0)
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies.
Key Knowledge Areas:
* Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
* Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
* Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
* Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
* Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.
* Basic sudo configuration and usage.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
* find
* passwd
* fuser
* lsof
* nmap
* chage
* netstat
* sudo
* /etc/sudoers
* su
* usermod
* ulimit
* who, w, last
# LPI Linux Certification/Persistent network configuration
## Detailed Objectives

(LPIC-1 Version 5.0)
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to manage the persistent network configuration of a Linux host.
Key Knowledge Areas:
* Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration.
* Configure ethernet and wi-fi network using NetworkManager.
* Awareness of systemd-networkd.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
* /etc/hostname
* /etc/hosts
* /etc/nsswitch.conf
* /etc/resolv.conf
* nmcli
* hostnamectl
* ifup
* ifdown
# LPI Linux Certification/Patching A Kernel
## Detailed Objective

Weight: 1
Description:
Candidates should be able to properly patch a kernel to add support for new hardware. This objective also includes being able to properly remove kernel patches from already patched kernels.
* Key knowledge area(s):
** Kernel Makefiles
* The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
** patch
** gzip
** bzip2
# LPI Linux Certification/Predict Future Resource Needs
## Detailed Objectives (200.2)

(LPIC-1 Version 4.5)
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to monitor resource usage to predict future resource needs.
Key Knowledge Areas:
* Use monitoring and measurement tools to monitor IT infrastructure usage.
* Predict capacity break point of a configuration
* Observe growth rate of capacity usage
* Graph the trend of capacity usage
* Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Icinga2, Nagios, collectd, MRTG and Cacti
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
* diagnose
* predict growth
* resource exhaustion