OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Advertising/History
## Claude Hopkins

Claude Hopkins (1866–1932) was a pioneer who wrote the groundbreaking book Scientific Advertising. He developed the concept of "reason why" advertising. He first cut his teeth designing ads for the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Company.

## Helen Lansdowne

Helen Lansdowne (1886–1964) was a famous copywriter known for her work for Woodbury's Facial Soaps and Pond's Cold Cream. She was the first woman to present ads to the board of Procter & Gamble.

## Raymond Rubicam

Raymond Rubicam was the co-founder of prodigious ad firm Young & Rubicam. He managed to get pollster George Gallup to join Y&R, where he formed the first advertising research department.

## Rosser Reeves

Rosser Reeves (10 September 1910 – 24 January 1984) was a hugely successful American advertising executive and pioneer of television advertising. He believed the purpose of advertising is to sell. He insisted that an advertisement or commercial should show off the value of a product, not the cleverness of a copywriter. His most typical ad is probably that for Anacin, a headache medicine. The ad was considered grating and annoying by almost all viewers but it was remarkably successful, tripling the product's sales. In 7 years the 59-second commercial made more money than the movie Gone With The Wind had in a quarter-century.
# Advertising/Ethics
## Ethics

Advertisers, like lawyers, are sometimes criticized for the clients they accept, and the messages they send. Advertising is arguably a powerful tool that can be used to influence the masses to a large extent. Therefore, it is important that advertisers be made aware of their responsibilities to the public good.
# Advertising/Print
## Print

There are six types of print ads: One-Liner, News, Spiral, Story, Sermon, and Outline.
Print ads use a combination of headlines, subheadings, body text and/or images. Often, there is a logo or slug, for brand identification, as well.
To be effective, headlines must be attention-grabbing. They should "draw in" a viewer. A headline should also be a complete message.
Types of headlines are News, Questions, and Testimonials.
However, it has been estimated that only 10% of readers will actually read an ad. So, make sure the product appears in a picture or is mentioned in the headline.

## Direct Marketing

Direct Marketing is mailed to the target audience. One type of mailing is sent in a standard business envelope. The envelope-mailing has many parts: the Insert, Letter, Brochure, and BRE (Business Reply Envelope), as well as the Envelope itself. The mailing may have some of these elements, or all of them.
The first key to a successful envelope mailing is to get your target to open it. Obviously, if the target doesn't open the envelope and read some of the material, your money is wasted. The envelope may have exhortations to get the recipient to open the letter (e.g., "URGENT!").
The Insert is a small one or two-sided sheet of paper with a summary of the mailing. If you want to use bullet points, here's a good place to put them.
For the Letter, have a good first line that hooks them. Try to hit on a topic of discontent for the reader (which your product will solve). Avoid talking about the company or the product's history. Talk about the reader, and his/her interests. Make sure to sum up the product's main points in the first paragraph. Repeat those benefits often throughout the letter.
The "Lift" Note is a trifold pamphlet, often with testimonials extolling the worthiness of the product. It may end with a closer ("But wait...there's more!").
The Business Reply Envelope is a postage-paid, pre-addressed envelope to make it easy for the target to reply. You should use a BRE even if you supply a "more convenient" method of reply or payment.
A postcard is the most basic form of direct mail. The size can range from 4.25 x 6(minimum allowed by post office) up to a jumbo postcard (6 x 10). The larger the postcard the more visible it will appear in the mail. The typical postcard is printed four-color process on the front, and one-color black on the un-coated back side.
# Advertising/Basics

Advertisers refer to the standard communications model of a source transmitting a message through a channel (which contains a degree of noise) to a target. Feedback is received by the source in response to the message. Good feedback typically comes in the form of money spent on the product advertised.
Customer Relations Management (CRM) is concerned with (among other things) the conversion rate: percentage of customers who "try and buy" the product.
There are three types of appeals in advertising: logical, ethical, and emotional.
Advertising is just one way to spend your marketing dollar. There are a variety of ways to promote a product, collectively called Marketing Communications (MarCom). They are illustrated by the MarCom Matrix.
Marketing Public Relations (MPR) is an attractive alternative to advertising. MPR uses public relations techniques as part of a marketing campaign. PR tools used by marketers include newsletters, events, endorsements, demonstrations, contests, and interviews.
There are two main types of promotion: trade promotion and consumer promotion. The differences in ad strategies are characterized as "push" and "pull": trade promotions are designed to push the product (into the market), and consumer promotions are made to pull the product (into the shopping cart).

## Promotions

The three types of promotions are Win, Free, and Save.

### Win

Examples of "win"-type promotions are games and contests. Sweepstakes are probably the most popular "win" promotion. According to US law, purchase cannot be necessary to win a sweepstakes. If purchase were necessary, that would make it a lottery; and lotteries can only be conducted by the state.

### Free

A "free"-type promotion offers the consumer something for no charge. These are premiums (buy one product, get a second one free), bonus packs ("more for less"), and sampling (free samples). A continuity program is a free-type promotion that makes the consumer part of a "club". An example of this are coffee shops that give their customers a card that is punched or stamped each time they buy coffee; after a certain number of purchases are made, they are given a free coffee.

### Save

Examples of "save" promotions are coupons, rebates, and other money-saving ads. Some save promotions are a type of premium, where a customer can buy one (or more) items at the regular price and get an additional one at a reduced price (e.g. "Buy one, get the second 50% off"). Another type of save promotion is the FSI (Free-Standing Insert), a sheet of coupons typically inserted into newspapers.
# Advertising/Feminist Criticism
## Feminist Criticism

Social critics like Jean Kilbourne have blamed many of women's image problems on commercials. In her film series Killing Us Softly, Kilbourne argues that ads deliver powerful messages that shape women's self-images. She claims these ads equate romance and success with normalcy, and make it appear that beauty is the most important concern of women. Furthermore, ads perpetuate a stereotype of the "perfect" woman, implying that this goal is attainable by buying the right beauty products, diet aids, etc. In reality, only about 5% of women have model bodies. Kilbourne also points out that ads containing both sexes often have the male literally looking down on the female, implying a subtle sexism.
# Advertising/Radio
## Radio

Important aspects of a radio ad are duration and tempo. Some ways to use tempo include pausing for emphasis, and making the tone competitive or mellow. Radio advertisers try to make a "natural rhythm": using emphasis to create beats in words and phrases.

### Types

* Pitch - An announcer talking.
* Situation - A dramatization, or "story"
* Song
Other types of radio ads are combinations of these three:
* Bed - Pitch with a Song background.
* Donut - A Song with a Pitch in the middle.
* Tag - A Song with a Pitch at the end.
* Vignette - A Pitch, followed by a Situation, followed by a Song
The basic structure of a radio ad is Context (beginning), Content (middle), Conclusion (end).
# Advertising

Welcome to the Advertising wikibook, a free textbook that anyone can edit.

## Chapters

* History
* Basics
* Strategies
* Political
* Radio
* Print
* Television
* Ethics
* Feminist Criticism
# 4chan Chronicle/History
## The Prevalence of the Internet in History

Unlike archaeology or modern history, which enjoy plenty of physical evidence of their existence, the Internet operates on ephemeral, digital data that was never considered by most people to be worthy of keeping. Files, documents, websites, and entire communities can disappear off the Earth without anyone's notice. Digital files are easily dispensed of, be it a HDD failure or a simple lack of interest, and thousands of tales and cultures have been lost to history.
For someone to be able to tell the history of the Internet, he needs to be proactive. He must record and archive events as they happen, or they may disappear forever. Therefore, historians interested in the Internet are also forced to become archivists. Great projects like the Web Archive exist to ensure that anyone interested has access to information, and many independent groups exist to ensure it. On our end, we cover both grounds—we archive and record. The 4chan Chronicle and the 4chan Ethnography, among other works, are the result of it. They are shows of appreciation for the history of a culture that may otherwise disappear.
# 4chan Chronicle/Hacktivism

(Sept 2009 – Apr 2010)
The impact of Chanology and the media attention it got separated Anonymous as a group from the chanverse that gave it birth. With a much more passive (or ineffective) /b/ sustaining the Legion reputation, Anonymous came to be led by activist hacker groups. The last important action that came from 4chan’s notion of Anonymous was February 2010’s Operation Titstorm, the culmination of a series of bad vibes between the Internet and the Australian government that attempted to censor it, taking its origins from Operation Didgeridie.
From then on, almost all actions performed against any organization or government that attempted to attack free speech, piracy, or relevant matters were perpetrated by hacktivist groups, all claiming to be part of Anonymous. While activists posted image collages on the chans, detailing their raids and calling for action, the practice went out of fashion, and soon the whole collective came to be populated primarily by hackers. With Operation Payback, 4chan would slowly fade out from being the main cause of most Internet warfare, with various groups taking the spotlight. The previous Anonymous splinter group, the /i/nsurgency, faded into obscurity as most of its members grew out of it. The new hacktivist group Anonymous would proceed to attack government sites, Visa, MasterCard, and others in retaliation to the censorship attempts during Operation Payback and WikiLeaks’s loss of funding during Operation Avenge Assange. However, 4chan’s /b/tards weren’t completely inactive, as they proved in 2009 by filling YouTube with porn and getting moot selected as TIME’s Person of the Year and rigging the poll so it would spell “marblecake also the game”.
# 4chan Chronicle/Operation Payback

(Sept 2009–2012)
With /b/ delighting in its own decadence, there was little actual action or reaction from the community. The last major campaign on the board was February 2010's Operation Titstorm, the culmination of a series of bad vibes between the Internet and the Australian government that attempts to censor it, taking its origins from Operation Didgeridie.
From then on, almost all actions performed against any organization or government that attempted against free speech, piracy or relevant matter would be conducted by groups that called themselves "Anonymous". With Operation Payback 4chan would slowly fade from being the source of most Internet warfare, with various groups taking the spotlight. Since 4chan was constantly filled with spam, uninteresting threads, and trolls, the new groups migrated to their own communities to continue their campaigns. The new hacktivists, "Anonymous", would proceed to strike government sites, Visa, MasterCard and others in retaliation for censorship attempts during Operation Payback and WikiLeaks's loss of funding during Operation Avenge Assange.
# America's Army: Special Forces/The RoE and Rules

AASF ROE:
http://www.americasarmy.com/support/roe.php
Please Do not post any thing derogatory, racist, or even slightly offensive in this guide.
Many thanks to Phantom,
DesertFox_59 {X}
# America's Army: Special Forces/Tactical Maps

These images are just to give a rough overview of the map and point out important landmarks and tactics.

## Current Maps

Bridge Crossing SE

## Taking Map Screenshots

* In America's Army hit the "~" key to open the console
* Type "open " followed by the name of the map you want to load (check your americasarmy/maps/ folder for exact names).
* While still in the console, type "playerlock 0" then "fly". Now you should be able to move around and fly.
* Now, type "devmode 1" followed by "show fog". This toggles the fog, type again to turn on.
* Find a spot in the sky where you can get a good shot and hit "F9" to take a screenshot.
* Paste into your favorite graphics program and tidy it up. Be sure to play with the contrast so everything is easy to make out.
Important Note: Make sure you type "devmode 0" into the console before playing online. I'm not sure what will happen if you don't, but people have hinted that it won't be fun. :)
you will get kicked and banned if you forget this step--DesertFox_59 {X} 19:46, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
"show fog" no longer works as of 2.5 LezChap 07:26, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
# America's Army: Special Forces/Teams/Clans

Please list here (alphabetically) your AA Team/Clan web site. Include team name, tag, and URL.
* (1VB)
** 1st Veterans Battalion
* -=[10thSFG]=-
** 10th Special Forces Group
* [11-b]
** ElevenBeta Clan
* [2W]
** Second Wolf Battalion
* [75th]
** 75th Ranger Regiment
* [9thSF]
** 9th Special Forces
* [AO]
** Alpha Omega
* [ACA]
** American Canadian Alliance
* .AMp.
** American Pride
* -={aZ}=-
** Absolute Zero
* -={CIB}=-
** Coronado Island Boys
* {CS}
** Christian Soldiers
* DELTA
** Delta Operators
* -=DeToX=-
** South African AmericasArmy
* )x({[DOE]})x(
** Over Everbody
* [D.oh]
** Team D'oh
* }EoS{
** Element of Surprise
* [FD]
** Final Destination
*-Fear_This-
** Fear This Clan
* [FOCKER]
** The Focker Ownage Company
* [ForceNZ]
** ForceNZ, A New Zealand ArmyOps squad
* -{Free}-
** The Freelancers
* {IDS}
** International Death Squad
* =INS=
** Infiltrate, Neutralize, Secure
* -[KoH]-
** Knights Of Havoc
* [LB]
** Lost Battalion
* [Medic]
** AAO/AASF Medics
* -=MLK=-
** Moonlight Killers
* *MoG*
** Men of God International
* =NS=
** NaySayer Clan
* -[RedNeX]-
** RedNeX - AAOps Clan
* -[Ri051]-
** Ri051 Croatian Game Squad
* {S&S}
** Saints & Soldiers
* (SOD)
** Soldiers of Death
* [SOT]
** Special Operational Teams
* -[SWAT]-
** Special Weapons and Tactics
* {TAC}
** Terra Australis Corps
* -TAC^
** The Alpha Company
* (TECTA)
** The European Combat & Tactical Allience
* [[[TG]]]
** Top Guns
* {TR}
** Tunnel-Rats
* UCA_
** United Continental Army
* -=[USA]=-
** Ultimate Server Admins
* UsF^
** United Special Forces Clan
* =WFC=
** War Force Clan
* [XSHOK]
** South African AmericasArmy
* -{XFG}-
** Xtreme Force Gamez
# America's Army: Special Forces/Vintorez Sniper Rifle

This is perhaps the most interesting gun in the game. The key to the VSS is to always aim for the head. This gun does not have enough power to kill after even two body shots. You will find however that it is very easy to pull of a head shot with this gun. The other thing most people dont know about the VSS is that it has an automatic fire mode. This is really good if you have to engage some guy at close range. Just remember that it doesnt have many bullets. --Desertfox 59 20:01, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
-The VSS vintorez does exactly the same amount of damage as the RPK, believe it or not. Two body shots will take down an enemy.
RandomSAW
Keep in mind though that if you do go for the body shot, that a hit in the arms or legs does a very small amount of damage --Desertfox 59 20:01, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
You need to have a rough idea of where the crosshair is in CQB when using automatic mode, as there is no crosshair provided when out of zoom. – DarkSeedious
Key to the use of the VSS (and SPR) is that both weapons have the same scope movement as using an M4. With the sniper rifles, the scope moves a lot if you are not laying down with bipod. With these rifles, there is little difference from if you are laying down and standing, allowing a much wider range of hides. ~ETG
This is due to the fact that they are not true sniper rifles, rather modified rifles.
One good tactic with the VSS is to use auto fire, and aim for the torso or perhaps a little lower. The kick in any firing position will move the gun upwards, and thus several rounds will hit the OPFOR, almost guaranteeing a kill. This works best when OPFOR are running for cover, and you only have a split second to make the shot. ^UG^_Inferno
More information may be found at http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sn20-e.htm
# America's Army: Special Forces/Swamp Raid Tactics

In the Florida phase of Ranger training, you will conduct operations in swamps. Swamp Raid was made to reflect this. This is a nighttime MILES map, consisting of an island surrounded by swamp. Defense and assault have night vision goggles.
# America's Army: Special Forces/T-62

opfore tank found on snakeplain can be taken down by a jav shot
# America's Army: Special Forces/Tweaks

56K Tweaks
For those of you that are using WinXP, go to Start, Control Panel, Internet Options, Connections tab. You will see Add, Remove, and Settings button. Click settings and then go to properties towards the bottom. When it comes up you will see your modem at the top, click the Configure button right underneath it. In the drop down box set it to the highest setting, not the default 115200. Uncheck the modem error control box and hit Ok. For some reason mine unchecks modem compression too but that's ok, compression is still enabled in the Phone & Modem properties anyway.
Ok , so what this does is eliminate retransmission of data which is the cause of the lag or "warping effect" that dialup users experience due to your modem having to resend a request for data that is lost. Hence, it just goes right on with the data it has and you don't end up on the far side of the map then back again.
If for some reason you can't connect to your ISP, set the setting back to 115200, but mine lets me connect.
Note: may not work for everyone depending on what settings your Dialup server has with error control but I have pings of 120-130 and no warping effects with this setup.
Written by -Vengance-
Originally copied from: http://forum.americasarmy.com/viewtopic.php?t=62071
Also try this tweak guide from TweakTown: AA TweakTown Guide
# America's Army: Special Forces/The Future of AA

There are many exciting features that are in store for the entire AA community.
Stay tuned to SitReps on the AA Site: SitRep
Here are two good places to look for future info.:
1. Future AA Projects/Features
2. DataBank on the Future
# Artificial Intelligence/The Singularity

The history of AI has had some embarrassingly optimistic predictions, particularly in the early years. In short, AI researchers severely underestimated the difficulty of some of the problems. Though there was success with designing programs that could play chess, it turned out that recognizing the chess pieces in video was much more difficult.
Futurist Ray Kurzweil continues to publish optimistic predictions. He has popularized the term "singularity" as it applies to AI (though the term was coined by Vernor Vinge for this purpose.) The singularity is the point in time when Artificial Intelligence can automatically improve on itself faster than humans where previously able to. The reason it's called the singularity is because it is very difficult to know what will happen afterward, since the future will then depend on the decisions of beings more intelligent than we are.
Kurzweil's predictions are based on a number of observations about the exponential growth in certain fields, such as nanotechnology, computational power, genetic analysis, and accuracy of brain scanning. Very basically, his argument is as follows: Brain scanning technology is getting better at an exponential rate. Therefore, soon we will be able to scan entire brains at the level of detail necessary to understand everything, physically, we need to know to create a simulation of a brain in software. The exponential growth of computational power will allow future computers to be able to process all of this data. Having a brain in software will allow us to rapidly test and understand how intelligence works in human beings (as well as other animals.) It will then be a short time before we can improve on it.
Kurzweil predicts that the singularity will occur at approximately 2041.
# Artificial Intelligence for Computational Sustainability: A Lab Companion
## Preamble

{This laboratory companion is designed to introduce students of artificial intelligence (AI) to problems of environmental and societal sustainability, together with projects and problem sets at the intersection of AI and sustainability. The lab text can accompany any primary AI textbook, or can be used independently, though the material in it will typically assume selected knowledge of AI at an undergraduate level. The material in the text is organized primarily around AI topics, and includes explanatory and illustrative material concerning specific sustainability problems, together with projects (of several weeks duration), assignments (of duration on the order of a week) and exercises (on the order of minutes to hours). Indexing into the text is also available through sustainability topics; in addition to describing "open" problems in the sustainability area for which authors feel there is an AI connection, albeit not yet elaborated, this alternative indexing will point to the existing exercises and background material on the sustainability area as it is distributed throughout the AI-centric material. There is also ample cross-referencing between chapters.
Please see how you can contribute: Guide for Contributors
Author: Douglas H. Fisher (AIProf)
* 0. Preface for educators and learners
* 1. Introduction to Computational Sustainability
* AI Chapters
* 2. State Space Search
* 3. Constraint-Based Reasoning and Optimization
* 4. Knowledge Representation
* 5. Reasoning Under Uncertainty
* 6. Machine Learning for Prediction
* 7. Deterministic Planning and Problem Solving
* 8. Planning Under Uncertainty
* 9. Machine Learning for Planning and Problem Solving
* 10. Multi-Agent Systems
* Sustainability Chapters
* In these chapters, sustainability problems can be described independent of the AI approaches that might be relevant to address them, thus giving students the opportunity to explore and decide upon the AI approaches that are most appropriate. Background and exercises on given sustainability areas that were found through the computational themes of the AI chapters above, can also be found cross-referenced through the following chapters.
* 11. Agriculture
* 12. Behavior and Consumerism
* 13. Biodiversity and Conservation
* 14. Climate and Ocean modeling and observation
* 15. Design, Life-Cycle, and Materials
* 16. Energy, including Smart Grids
* 17. Fresh Water Ecosystems and Resources
* 18. Transportation and Urban Design

## Additional Resources

List of Computational Sustainability Courses Alan Mackworth's List of Resources