OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metabolomics/Analytical Methods/Fluids/Serum

Back to Previous Chapter: Hormones Next Chapter: Computational Modeling of Metabolic Control
Next Category: Tissues Go to: Plasma

# Articles and Web Pages for Review and Inclusion

Effects of sample handling and storage on quantitative lipid analysis in human serum
Metabolomics. 2009 December; 5(4): 507–516.

#### Main Focus

       Identify the main focus of the resource. Possible answers include specific organisms, database design, intergration of information, but there are many more possibilities as well.

#### New Terms
##### New Term 1

    Definition. (source: http://)

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#### Summary

       Enter your article summary here. Please note that the punctuation is critical at the start (and sometimes at the end) of each entry. It should be 300-500 words. What are the main points of the article? What questions were they trying to answer? Did they find a clear answer? If so, what was it? If not, what did they find or what ideas are in tension in their findings?

#### Relevance to a Traditional Metabolism Course

       Enter a 100-150 word description of how the material in this article connects to a traditional metabolism course. Does the article relate to particular pathways (e.g., glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, steroid synthesis, etc.) or to regulatory mechanisms, energetics, location, integration of pathways? Does it talk about new analytical approaches or ideas? Does the article show connections to the human genome project (or other genome projects)?
# Metabolomics/Analytical Methods/Mass Spectrometry/Ion Trap MS

Back to Previous Chapter: Hormones Next chapter: Computational Modeling of Metabolic Control
Next Category: Sample Preparation Go to: Ion Mobility MS Go back to: MALDI-MS
Please add content and articles.

## Articles and Web Pages for Review and Inclusion

Peer-Reviewed Article #1:
Prediction of breast cancer by profiling of urinary RNA metabolites using Support Vector Machine-based feature selection
BMC Cancer 2009, 9:104'"

#### Main Focus

       Identify the main focus of the resource. Possible answers include specific organisms, database design, intergration of information, but there are many more possibilities as well.

#### New Terms
##### New Term 1

    Definition. (source: http://)

##### New Term 2

    Definition. (source: http://)

##### New Term 3

    Definition. (source: http://)

##### New Term 4

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##### New Term 8

    Definition. (source: http://)

##### New Term 9

    Definition. (source: http://)

##### New Term 10

    Definition. (source: http://)

#### Summary

       Enter your article summary here. Please note that the punctuation is critical at the start (and sometimes at the end) of each entry. It should be 300-500 words. What are the main points of the article? What questions were they trying to answer? Did they find a clear answer? If so, what was it? If not, what did they find or what ideas are in tension in their findings?

#### Relevance to a Traditional Metabolism Course

       Enter a 100-150 word description of how the material in this article connects to a traditional metabolism course. Does the article relate to particular pathways (e.g., glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, steroid synthesis, etc.) or to regulatory mechanisms, energetics, location, integration of pathways? Does it talk about new analytical approaches or ideas? Does the article show connections to the human genome project (or other genome projects)?
# Java Programming/Keywords/this

this is a Java keyword. It contains the current object reference.
* Solves ambiguity between instance variables and parameters .
* Used to pass current object as a parameter to another method .
Syntax:
Example #1 for case 1:
* public class MyClass
* private String value;
* public void setMemberVar( String value )
* this.value= value;
Example #2 for case 1:
* public class MyClass
* MyClass(int a, int b) {
* System.out.println("int a: " + a);
* System.out.println("int b: " + b);
* MyClass(int a) {
* this(a, 0);
* public static void main(String args) {
* new MyClass(1, 2);
* new MyClass(5);
# Java Programming/Keywords/throw

throw is a keyword; it 'throws' an exception. In a throw statement, the three types of objects that can be thrown are: Exception, java:Throwable, and java:Error
Syntax:
For example:
* public Customer findCustomer( String name ) throws '''CustomerNotFoundException'''
* Customer custRet = null;
* Iterator iter = _customerList.iterator;
* while ( iter.hasNext )
* Customer cust = (Customer) iter.next;
* if ( cust.getName.equals( name ) )
* // --- Customer find --
* custRet = cust;
* break;
* if ( custRet == null )
* // --- Customer not found ---
* throw new '''CustomerNotFoundException'''( "Customer "+ name + " was not found" );
* return custRet

## See also

* Java Programming/Keywords/throws
# Java Programming/Keywords/volatile

volatile is a keyword.
When member variables are marked with this keyword, it changes the runtime behavior in a way that is noticeable when multiple threads access these variables. Without the volatile keyword, one thread could observe another thread update member variables in an order that is not consistent with what is specified in sourcecode. Unlike the synchronized keyword, concurrent access to a volatile field is allowed.
Syntax:
For example:
* private volatile changingVar;
See also:
# Java Programming/Keywords/switch

switch is a Java keyword.
It is a branching operation, based on a number. The 'number' must be either char, byte, short, or int primitive type.
Syntax:
When the <integer-var> value match one of the <label>, then: The statements after the matched label will be executed including the following label's statements, until the end of the switch block, or until a break keyword is reached.
For example:
* int var = 3;
* switch ( var )
* case 1:
* System.out.println( "Case: 1" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* break;
* case 2:
* System.out.println( "Case: 2" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* break;
* case 3:
* System.out.println( "Case: 3" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* break;
* case 4:
* System.out.println( "Case: 4" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* break;
* default:
* System.out.println( "Case: default" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* break;
The output from the above code is:
The same code can be written with if-else blocks":
* int var = 3;
* if ( var == 1 ) {
* System.out.println( "Case: 1" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* } else if ( var == 2 ) {
* System.out.println( "Case: 2" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* } else if ( var == 3 ) {
* System.out.println( "Case: 3" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* } else if ( var == 4 ) {
* System.out.println( "Case: 4" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
* } else {
* // -- This is the default part --
* System.out.println( "Case: default" );
* System.out.println( "Execute until break" );
See also:
# Java Programming/Keywords/throws

throws is a Java keyword. It is used in a method definition to declare the Exceptions to be thrown by the method.
Syntax:
Example:
* class MyDefinedException extends Exception
* public MyDefinedException(String str)
* super(str);
* public class MyClass
* public static void showMyName(String str) throws MyDefinedException
* if(str.equals("What is your Name?"))
* throw new MyDefinedException("My name is Blah Blah");
* public static void main(String a)
* try
* showMyName("What is your Name?");
* catch(MyDefinedException mde)
* mde.printStackTrace;
# Java Programming/Keywords/try

try is a keyword.
It starts a try block. If an Exception is thrown inside a try block, the Exception will be compared to any of the catch part of the block. If the Exception matches with one of the Exceptions in the catch part, the exception will be handled there.
Three things can happen in a try block:
* No exception is thrown:
** the code in the try block
** plus the code in the finally block will be executed
** plus the code after the try-catch block is executed
* An exception is thrown and a match is found among the catch blocks:
** the code in the try block until the exception occurred is executed
** plus the matched catch block is executed
** plus the finally block is executed
** plus the code after the try-catch block is executed
* An exception is thrown and no match found among the catch blocks:
** the code in the try block until the exception occurred is executed
** plus the finally block is executed
** NO CODE after the try-catch block is executed
For example:
* public void method throws NoMatchedException
* try {
* throw new '''MyException_1''';
* } catch ( MyException_1 e ) {
* // --- '''Handle the Exception_1 here''' --
* } catch ( MyException_2 e ) {
* // --- Handle the Exception_2 here --
* } finally {
* // --- This will always be executed no matter what --
* // --- Code after the try-catch block
How the catch-blocks are evaluated see Catching Rule
See also:
* Java Programming/Keywords/catch
* Java Programming/Keywords/finally
* Java Programming/Throwing and Catching Exceptions#Catching Rule
# Java Programming/Keywords/void

void is a Java keyword.
Used at method declaration and definition to specify that the method does not return any type, the method returns void. It is not a type and there is no void references/pointers as in C/C++.
For example:
* public void method
* return; // -- In this case the return is optional
* //and not necessary to use public but some changes will be there
See also:
# Java Programming/Keywords/synchronized

synchronized is a keyword.
It marks a critical section. A critical section is where one and only one thread is executing. So to enter into the marked code the threads are synchronized, only one can enter, the others have to wait. For more information see Synchronizing Threads Methods or .
The synchronized keyword can be used in two ways:
* Create a synchronized block
* Mark a method synchronized
A synchronized block is marked as:
* Code section 1: Synchronized block.
* synchronized(<object_reference>) {
* // Thread.currentThread has a lock on object_reference. All other threads trying to access it will
* // be blocked until the current thread releases the lock.
The syntax to mark a method synchronized is:
* Code section 2: Synchronized method.
* public synchronized void method {
* // Thread.currentThread has a lock on this object, i.e. a synchronized method is the same as
* // calling { synchronized(this) {…} }.
The synchronization is always associated to an object. If the method is static, the associated object is the class. If the method is non-static, the associated object is the instance. While it is allowed to declare an abstract method as synchronized, it is meaningless to do so since synchronization is an aspect of the implementation, not the declaration, and abstract methods do not have an implementation.

## Singleton example

As an example, we can show a thread-safe version of a singleton:
* Code listing 1: Singleton.java
* * The singleton class that can be instantiated only once with lazy instantiation
* public class Singleton {
* /** Static class instance */
* private volatile static Singleton instance = null;
* * Standard private constructor
* private Singleton {
* // Some initialisation
* * Getter of the singleton instance
* * @return The only instance
* public static Singleton getInstance {
* if (instance == null) {
* // If the instance does not exist, go in time-consuming
* // section:
* synchronized (Singleton.class) {
* if (instance == null) {
* instance = new Singleton;
* return instance;
# Java Programming/Keywords/transient

transient is a Java keyword which marks a member variable not to be serialized when it is persisted to streams of bytes. When an object is transferred through the network, the object needs to be 'serialized'. Serialization converts the object state to serial bytes. Those bytes are sent over the network and the object is recreated from those bytes. Member variables marked by the java transient keyword are not transferred; they are lost intentionally.
Syntax:
For example:
* public class Foo implements Serializable
* private String saveMe;
* private transient String dontSaveMe;
* private transient String password;
See also:
* Java language specification reference: jls
* Serializable Interface. Serializable
# Java Programming/Keywords/while

while is a Java keyword.
It starts a looping block.
The general syntax of a while, using Extended Backus-Naur Form, is
For example:
* while ( i < maxLoopIter )
* System.out.println("Iter=" +i++);
See also:
* Java Programming/Statements
* Java Programming/Keywords/for
* Java Programming/Keywords/do
# Nuclear Energy

NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear energy has been one of the most important actions and discoveries of mankind. The nuclear reactor, the use of nuclear fission, the extraction of nuclear lava, etc. are among the most important things in nuclear energy. This book is about nuclear energy.

# Items
## Introduction

* Introduction

## branches

* atom
* Atom components
* Elements
* Definition of nuclear energy
* Nuclear technology
* nuclear reactor
* Uranium enrichment
* nuclear medicine
* nuclear program
* Nuclear fuel
* Atomic mathematics
* Atomic physics
* Quantum physics
# Novial/UIL Novial
## Novial

In disi spesial parte me riska skisa novi interlingue kel me ha proba konstrukte per li base de vivo-longesal studio de diversi national lingues e per studio, komensat in 1903, del maxim bon projetes de artifisial lingues. Me ha trova ke li probleme es extremi komplexi, e non pove afekta relat chaki detale ye ha deskovra li maxim bon solutione. Men positione ha es li sientali ye non deklara proklamationes, ma kontru ye konstata argumentes vor unque me devia fro men presederes. A disis me deba , naturim, grandi debatu, et pro montro a me praktikal vies e negativim pro sekuo vietes kel ye men opinione vud dukte nus a non-pasajes. Me povud ha kontentisa me per kritika antei projetes e jeta kelki disperset novi propositiones, ma me pensa ke es plu valorosi ye montra qualim men idees fita kune kom integri totu. Me ha dunke dona sat nombre de spesimenes por ke li lektere forma idee del aspektos e suones del unesmi interlingue irgitem unque deskriptet da profesional linguiste. Mid novi tretes me pove mentiona li perfekti konkordo relat flekto inter substantives e pronomines, li uso del funde-forme de verbes in li perfekti tempus e pasive, li eliminatione de c e z, e li e/a/o vordes. Kelkes ek men sugestiones pove bli aksepta singlim e integrate en altri projetes, ma altres es talim intimim trikotat kune ke les mus bli prenda o refusa junktim.
Quankam me ha proba labora tam multim kam posibli sientialim, t.e. objektivim, non ha bli totim posibli exkluse individual gustes e preferos; men espero es ke ti kose kel unesmin pove aspekte desplesanti sal bli trova min talim ye plu proxim inspektione; tu, irgiman , ha es men propri experientie kun kelkes ek men formes. Relat kelki koses me ha hesita multim ante desise li forme proposit dislok, e me es totim komplesi aksepta kritiko e novi sugestiones: quankam, kom me ha dikte in Parte I, nus proximeska periode de konkordo pri li prinsipes de lingue-konstruktione, ti periode non ha ankore ariva, e interlinguistes mus dunke montra li maxim larji toleratione de mutun sistemes e provisorim agnoska alternativ formes, kel sal deve bli parproba in praktike ante ke li malis finalim sal bli sarkla. Me sal es felisi si on rekognisa ke me ha kontribu ye kelki mikri gradu por produkte li venko del general idee e por dona lun final forme al International Auxiliari Lingue del future.
In disi parte li sekuenti abreviationes ha bli usa:
# Novial/Hound main

Novial home
Contents
* 0. Pronunciation Guide
| 1. The Hound of the Baskervilles | - | Li Hunde del Familie Baskerville |
   * Personal Pronouns: Subject, Object and Possession.
   * Verb: Present Tense, Imperative, Infinitive and Negative.
   * Articles, Plural Nouns and Nouns with Natural Sex.
   * Adjectives.
   * Questions.
| 2. The Curse of the Baskervilles | - | Li Malediktione del Baskervilles |
   * Verbs: Past and Conditional Tenses.
   * Numbers: Cardinal and Ordinal.
   * The Indefinite Preposition.
   * The Reflexive Pronoun.
   * Adjectival Suffix -AL.
   * Substantival Suffix -ESO.
| 3. The Legend | - | Li Legende |
   * Verbs: Future Tense.
   * Adverbs from Adjectives.
   * This and That: Pronouns from Adjectives.
   * Verbal Suffixes –ISA and -IFIKA.
   * Verbal Suffix –ERE.
| 4. The Captive | - | Li Kaptate |
   * Pluperfect Tense.
   * Prepositions and Adverbs from Prepositions.
   * Prepositions before the Infinitive.
   * Infinitive Clauses.
   * Comparative and Superlative.
| 5. The Hound of Hell | - | Li Hunde de Inferne |
   * Present and Past Participles.
   * Conjunctons from Prepositions plus KE.
   * The Reciprocal Pronoun MUTU.
   * Anaphoric Adjectives.
   * The Prefix DES-.
   * The Adjectival Suffix -OSI.
   * The General Suffix -ET-.
| 6. The Inquest | - | Li Inquesto |
   * Passive of Being.
   * Sexless Nouns Ending in –U.
   * E/A/O Words.
   * The Prefix NON–.
   * The Prefix RI–.
   * The Suffix –AD–.
| 7. The Footprints | - | Li Pede-printatus |
   * Passive of Becoming.
   * Impersonal Verbs.
   * Conditional Perfect and Future Perfect.
   * Future in the Past.
   * The Suffix –IV(I).
   * The Suffix –FOY.
   * The Suffix –(T) IONE.
   * The Suffix –ARI.
   * The Suffix –ESKA.
* Appendix 1. Prefixes
* Appendix 2. Suffixes
# Novial/UIL Introduktione

da profesore Otto Jespersen, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D. (1869-1943)

## Introduktione

Disi libre es intentet kom pledo por un artifisial international auxiliari lingue, e komensim sal es bon vido tu kel es implikat per disi adjektives. Artifisial, t.e. fat konsiosim da un home o grupe de homes, kontrastant konter tali natural lingues kom anglum, fransum ets., kel on ha parla durant generationes e kelen developo ha primim eventa sin ke li individus es konsiosi pri chanjos. Ma li termine artifisial inklina krea prejudiko konter li lingue pri kel nus sal trakta, e men taske in disi libre sal es montra quam tre natural tali lingue pove es; dunke me sal prefera parla pri “konstruktet” lingue, e insted termina li existant lingues kom natural me sal usa li plu apti termine national lingues.
Li sekuenti adjektive esed international. Tu signifika ke on intente ke li lingue bli usa non da uli singli natione o uli singli lande, ma da individus kel, quankam les apartena a diferanti nationalesos, have kelku kel les voli komunika a mutu.
Triesmi: auxiliari. Disu implika ke on intente ke nusen international lingue es nur sorte de substitute de national lingues kand unque disus non es kapabli serva kom moyene de komunikatione. On non intente ke novi lingue devud remplasa li existanti lingues: nule kun sobri senses vud kreda ke es posibli forsa ke omni nationes oblive sen propri lingues e konkorda pri un singli substitute por omni funktiones. Ma tu kel tre multi sensosi viros e femas in multi landes ya kreda es laborindi, es stando de aferes in kel edukat angle, kand lo renkontra edukat spane o holandane o bulgare, vud es altigrad serti pri bli komprendat si lo vud parla a lo in konstruktet lingue adoptat por ti eme – stando de aferes anke in kel on vud kondukte international konferos e kongreses pri politikal o siential o komersal questiones liberim sin besono de interpreteres, e on vud sirkula omni ofisial dokumentes kel relate plu kam un state in singli lingue.
Dunke, tu pri kel nus interlinguistes pensa, non es tu kel Schleyer fad kom li fanfaronanti moto de sen Volapük, "Menade bal, püki bal" (A un homal rase, un lingue), ma kontrastim tu kel altri inventere de un artifisial lingue, Bollack, prendad kom sen moto: Li duesmi lingue por omnes. Li novi interlingue non vud viola li sakri jures del patral lingue, ma vud bli usa nur kand du o plu multi persones, non-savant mutun lingue, vud have okasione por parla o skripte a mutu.¹
¹In disi libre me ofte usa li abreviatione I.A.L. por International Auxiliari Lingue, anke kelkifoy I.L.