OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# How to Make a Comic/Equipment

The type of equipment you need depends entirely on what type of comic you wish to create. Below are some basic guidelines for the type of equipment one may use to create comics.

## Hand Drawn Comics

For comics presented on a paper medium, you may need these tools for drawing:
* Pencil (different hardnesses are useful for guidelines)
* Paper
* Eraser
* Ruler
* Marker
* Fine liner (such as a sharpie pen)
Also, as a side note, some artists ink their comics (Going over, or tracing them with ink) after drawing them in pencil. In which case you may need additional materials such as (these are optional):
* Correction Fluid (such as white-out)
* A tool for inking (could be a marker, fine-liner or quill)
If you are coloring by hand you could use:
* Colored pencils
* Colored markers
* Pens
* Paints
* Chalk

## Digital Comics

If you would like to transform your paper-based comic into a web-based, online comic, you will need:
* Computer
* Scanner
For creating digital and web comics:
* Tablet PC
* or Graphics Tablet
* painting program on computer
You can also use a computer to color a scanned paper comic. For this you will need a graphics program. This can be as simple as Paint but better programs include:
* Photoshop
* Paint Shop Pro
* GIMP
* Krita
* Clip Studio Paint
# The Basics

Hello and welcome, new subject of the UK! This chapter should be a resource containing essential information you need to get started. We will start off with a discussion of money, and a brief overview of how the monetary system in the country works. This will be followed by sections that detail some of the types of food, transport, accommodation and conveniences that can be bought. Another section looks at the types of services provided by society, and then the established social structure within Britain is discussed.
# Food

Food, much much more often than not, is bought from a shop or restaurant. It may also be home-grown, a practice which has recently been on the increase, or hunted, gathered or scavenged for, but this happens much less often, and there are often legal restrictions on doing so. For example, it is illegal to kill a swan, and on specified land in Scotland and Wales, deer deliberately, especially for the purposes of consumption, without the permission of the appropriate authority.
Food enjoyed by the British is extremely varied, due to the history of the regions and more recently multiculturalism, and includes the following dishes (recipes for which can be found at Cookbook:Cuisine of the United Kingdom):

### Savoury

* Fish and Chips - battered fish deep fried accompanied by chips, often with a sauce such as gravy, mushy peas or curry sauce
* Pies - pastry casings containing meat and/or vegetables sometimes with gravy or jelly. Well loved varieties include :-
** Steak and Kidney pie
** Meat and potato pie
** Pork Pie
** Cornish Pasty
** Chicken and Mushroom pie
** Chicken and Bacon pie
* Sandwiches (with various fillings)
* Jacket Potatoes, also with various fillings
* Roast Meat (often Chicken, Lamb, Beef or Pork but others are also enjoyed) accompanied by roast, boiled or steamed vegetables and gravy
* Cottage Pie - a minced beef sauce covered with mashed potato often topped with cheese and then baked (Shepherd's pie if minced lamb/mutton is used, and fish pie when cooked with fish
* Bangers and mash
* Madras - a moderately hot sweet and sour dish
* Korma - a dish with a mildly spiced coconut sauce
* Dopiaza - a moderately hot onion-based dish

### Desserts

* Crumble
* Fruit Pie
* Summer Pudding
* Roly-poly pudding

## References

* ↑ from http://www.basc.org.uk/content/stalkingpractice
# How to Live in Britain

This book is a guide and resource for those who intend to live in the United Kingdom, not only for those that want to come to Britain from other countries and cultures, but also for those who are growing up in Britain and want to know more about the land in which they live. Relevant British laws, society, geography, traditions and values, among many other key aspects of life, will be approached from two angles; how to best integrate with and support British society and how to get the best from society for yourself.
This is not intended as a tourist's guide, though there is nothing to prevent it from being used in this manner. As English is the most commonly spoken language in the UK, knowledge of English is vital for substantial communication across the social spectrum, so to that end the book is written in English, and therefore at least conversational knowledge of English is required.
The book aims to be as neutral and non-judgemental as possible, while being a true and useful source of information. This is not necessarily a complete source of information, many of the chapters can and do have large numbers of books written about the subject they concern, but links and references will be provided where possible.
For those that do not wish to integrate with society in the UK, the choice remains with you whether to read this book and what to take from it. For those that do, I hope that you find this book a useful resource; please feel free to make suggestions or edit the book yourself if you feel something is missing.
| The United Kingdom | How to Live |
| The Basics Money Food Transport Housing Conveniences Services Social Structure Law Origins and Development of British Law How the Law Protects You How the Law Constrains You Common Punishments Geography The Member Nations Large Cities Outstanding Countryside Culture History Etiquette Literature Art Music Entertainment Beliefs Problems Crime Intolerance Inequality and Social Mobility Unemployment War Overindulgence Natural Disasters | Being Successful Education Companies Finding Work Making Your Own Work Retiring Making a Difference Health Care Armed Forces Volunteering Politics Education Academics Births, Marriages and Deaths - Personal Life Socialising Starting a Family Bringing up Children Preparing for Death |
# How to Make a Comic/Characterization

To characterise, you can write a list of things you need to know about your characters and pretend to have a conversation with them. This works best if you have an idea of what they are like already.
# How to Make a Comic

Welcome to the How to Make a Comic Wikibooks. This wikitext was written for those interested in learning more about comics, which have existed as a creative medium for hundreds of years. This wikibook aims to provide information on web comics, comic strips, comic books and graphic novels, and will include information about creating comics either as a hobby or professionally. The goal of this book is to aid those who wish to draw, write or simply learn about the process of creating one of the world's most versatile and beloved entertainment mediums: Comics. This wikitext aims to be useful as both a guide and a quick reference. If you feel something is missing please feel free to either add it in yourself or put a request on this text's discussion page.

## Basic Information

* History of Comics
* Types of Comics
* Workspace
* Equipment
* Format

## Story

* Plot
* Storyboarding
* Script
* Characterization

## Art

* Anatomy
* Clothing
* Setting

## Digitizing

* Scanning
* Colouring

## Publishing

* Online Publishing
* Self-Publishing
* Professional Publishing

## See also

* Art Tutorials
* Bookbinding
* Color Theory
* Creative Writing
* Printing
* Creative Writing/Comics
* Zine Making
# See also

* Art Tutorials/Traditional Media/Drawing/How to draw a face
* Introduction to Art/Drawing I
* Introduction to Art/Drawing II
* Introduction to Art/Drawing Exercises
# Money

This section is a quick overview of what the monetary system in the UK consists of and how money is used, obtained and spent. Currency itself is a fairly crude method of representing the value of human effort, but love it or loathe it, money is essential for life in the UK today. The use of money is a skill that becomes intuitive with practice; it is a game that is simple to learn but virtually impossible to master. The worth a currency holds relies on the trust of the people that use it that the currency is worth something.
Money in the UK is generally used in denominations of pounds and pence (International Symbol: GBP) represented physically, symbolically or electronically. One penny is currently the smallest amount of GBP you can have, and there are one hundred of these to a pound.

## How to use money

In holding money, either in physical form or in electronic or symbolic representations, you are using it. You consider the money to be worth a certain amount of food, human labour or comfort, and through this the money has a purpose in holding its own value. However this purpose becomes much more tangible when the use is actualised through the money being spent or invested in human labour or commodities.
In the medium to long term, money is typically held in electronic form in an account at a bank. Banks in the UK typically do not require you to pay them directly for this service; any money you deposit to the bank you can withdraw again. The banks gain from keeping some of the interest gained on the money held, and through penalty charges invoked by violation of a consumer agreement by customers.
Particularly in the short term, but also in the long term, money can be held in physical form as cash. The convenience of cash is that it is easily portable and accepted practically everywhere. Some people prefer to use cash over electronic payment methods such as debit or credit cards as these methods could potentially allow tracking of consumer usage and counteract anonymity. Due to its less traceable nature, cash can also be used to attempt tax evasion by disreputable tradespeople.

## How to spend money

Typically something on which money can be spent has an advertised value. This may be relatively fixed, as in the price of a loaf of bread, or fluctuate rapidly, as can happen with shares held in a company. To exchange money for commodities or services, an interaction has to take place. This can be in person, over a telephone conversation, electronically, or via a previous agreement.
The difference between spending and investing is almost transparent; that is, in spending the money, you intend to consume the resource that the money is spent on, whereas an investment is made in the hope of obtaining a monetary profit. However an argument could be made that any spending of money is also an investment. To give an example, a human needs to consume food to live. The economy of society would suffer slightly if the human died, and therefore the spending of money on food is a justified investment by society as a whole. This thought process can be extended to luxuries on the basis that happier people work more productively.
# Lua Programming/interpolation
## Variable names

There is no default support for automatic interpolation of variables names being used as placeholders within a string. However, interpolation can be emulated by using the [string.gsub] function:

## Literal characters

Interpolation of literal character escape sequences does occur within a string:
Bold text
# Lua Programming/truth

In lua, expressions of truth evaluate to a boolean value of true or false. In lua, all values are true, except nil and false.

## Lua provides keywords for true and false

The lua programming language provides the keywords true and false to represent values of truth in an expression.

## Lua provides a boolean datatype

The boolean datatype can be used to hold a boolean value.
# Lua Programming/luac

The luac compiler can be used to precompile programs into bytecode.
Bytecode in lua is portable to all architectures with the same word size, even if the byte endian order is different. Note however that bytecode for different word size platforms is not portable to systems that use a different word size, so precompiled bytecode created for a 16 bit platform cannot be used on a 32 bit platform.
# Lua Programming/print
## Usage
### print ( [ LIST ] )

The print function is variadic and is used to produce simple standardized output. A comma separated list of items for output is provided in the argument list.

## The newline is automatic

In lua, the print function automatically outputs a newline, so there is no need to embed a newlineescape sequence into the output string.

### Supression of the automatic newline

The write command provides the same functionality as the print function, but does not automatically output the newline character.
# Lua Programming/stringlib
## Facilities
### string.len
#### Usage
#### Description

The string.len function returns the length of the string argument.

##### Embedded nul characters

Embedded nul characters do not terminate the string and are also counted by this function.

##### The length operator can also be used to determine the length of a string

The lua programming language provides a length operator, which can also be used to determine the length of a string:

### string.reverse
#### Usage
#### Description

The string.reverse function can be used for reversing string and returns the string with its character order reversed:

### string.sub
#### Description

The string.sub function returns a substring of the string argument from a start position, and an optional end position.

##### The start position cannot be omitted, but the end position may be omitted

Note that the start position is not optional, so for substrings starting at the first position, a parameter of one must be provided:

#### The end position can be omitted or negative

Without an end position, the substring continues to the end of the string:

#### String positions may be negative

The end position can be negative. A negative value indicates the number of characters from the end, with -1 meaning the last character, -2 meaning the last but one character, etc:
# Lua Programming/length operator
## Length operator

The unary # symbol is used to obtain the length of a string or table. The length operator returns the number of bytes for strings. The length operator returns the last numeric key whose value is not nil for tables starting from 1. The length operator returns zero for tables when the first numeric key is nil or there are no numeric keys.
Note that the string library provides the string.len function, which can also be used to determine the length of a string:
# Lua Programming/library/middleclass

The middleclass library provides objectoriented facilities from within lua.

## External Links

The middleclass library documentation
# Lua Programming/luabash

The luabash tool is a dynamically loadable module for the bash shell that provides a bridge between the bash shell and the lua scripting language. This enables complex embedded code segments to be replaced with efficient lua code and the speed of shell scripts to be increased without the drastic need to rewrite existing code.
# Biggest sins of Lua

* object:method -- Did you notice the second dot, aka. colon? It's just as easy to forget, as You have to tell explicitly this is a method, not just a function reference stored in a field.
* local array={1,2,3} ; for i,value in ipairs(array) do .. end -- Iterators save creating a real iterator object, passing 2/3 values instead, like a tuple (no tuples, so multiple return values).
* global by default: /run local count=0 ; for k,v in pairs(_G) do count=count+1 end ; print("Variables in global namespace:", count) -- Run in the most widespread game with embedded lua: prints 48680 ... that is 48 thousand.
* ` ~= ` -- Once you figure out what this is, you will know why it's here.

# Common Mistakes in Lua Programming

* object.method -- Used to js/java/python/ruby/scala/ceylon/kotlin/youNameIt?
* local array={1,2,3} ; for i,value in array do .. end -- Error: attempt to call a table value. Note: array is the table. It really does call it, thus a __call metamethod can return the iterator function, just to fool and confuse lua beginners even more.
* Forgetting to separate function arguments with comma symbols
* Missing a closing bracket from an argument list or expression
* Using spaces in identifier names for variables and functions
* Don't mix up 'nil' with 'false' - ie. 'nil' does NOT equal 'false'.
# Lua Programming/userdata

The userdata datatype can be used to store raw memory data in variables.

## Userdata values can only be created or modified via the application interface

In lua, it is not possible to create or modify userdata except via the C application interface.

## Predefined operations

The only predefined operations that can be performed against userdata is assignment and identity testing. It is possible to define operations for userdata by using metatables

## There are two forms of userdata

The datatype userdata takes two forms: Light Userdata and Heavy Userdata.
# Inclusive Data Research Skills for Arts and Humanities
## Welcome

The DAReS project aims to develop an inclusive data and digital skills curriculum for the arts and humanities, which can inform a scalable regional or national pilot. This Hackathon is part of the DAReS project, funded by the AHRC as part of the IDAH Digital Skills Network, lead by the London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, with the Creative Computing Institute, King’s College London, Leeds University, Roehampton University, and partners, CRAC/Vitae and Wikimedia UK.

### Resources for contributors

* How to create an account
* What is Wikibooks
* How to add a chapter
* The outreach dashboard
* Guidance on accessibility and good practice
* Agenda for the Day

## Contents
### About the Project

* About the DAReS project
* Project Team
* DAReS Codesigners
* Contributors
* Self-Sustaining Community of Researchers

### DAReS Hackathon Code of Conduct

* Purpose, values, code and consequences

### Session 1: Data skills: What works for arts and humanities?

* What counts as data?
* Data Visualization
* Data practices

### Session 2: Data epistemologies and decolonising data tools and skills

* Introductory context: How we came to data epistemologies and decolonial approaches
* Deconstructing Data Methods and Decolonising Approaches
* Data Agencies
* Data Inequalities and Power

### Session 3: Hacking the Research Journey

* What is the research journey?
* What kinds of research can data-oriented arts and humanities researchers do and what are the possible challenges?
* What should a research goal be?
* Who can potential collaborators, partners and team be?
* How do you get funding?

### Reflection and Comments
## Outreach dashboard

This book was collaboratively written by members of the DAReS project and attendees at the hackathon on 26 January 2024. A list of contributors can be found on the outreach dashboard.
Contributors Included:
Karen Hanrahan
Claire Carroll
# Inclusive Data Research Skills for Arts and Humanities/About the DAReS project

The DAReS project is a 12 month project (April 2023-March 2024) that came to be in response to systemic inequalities in many academic related sectors (e.g. tech and computing, higher education, and research) and how these are amplified at the intersection of arts and humanities research, data and digital skills, and research, especially for under-represented groups. The key question for us was not ‘why are under-represented groups not engaging data skills?’ but ‘why are there so few approaches prioritising inclusion’ and ‘what does an inclusive approach look like?”. Thus, rather than developing a skills training programme for under-served groups, the DAReS project aimed to work with such groups to co-design an inclusive data skills curriculum. Taking an ethical co-creation approach, the DAReS project aims to develop an arts and humanities focused and inclusive data and digital skills curriculum which can inform a scalable regional or national pilot.
This Hackathon comes in the last phase part of the DAReS project, which is funded by the AHRC as part of the IDAH Digital Skills Network, lead by London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, with the Creative Computing Institute, King’s College London, Leeds University, Roehampton University, and partners, CRAC/Vitae and Wikimedia UK. The DAReS project is officially titled ‘Transforming the Gap: Inclusive Digital Arts and Humanities Research Skills’ (DAReS), AHRC AH/X007510/1.
More information is on the DAReS web page: https://www.arts.ac.uk/colleges/london-college-of-communication/research-at-lcc/dares.
# Inclusive Data Research Skills for Arts and Humanities/About the Project

The DAReS project
The DAReS project is a 12 month project (April 2023-March 2024) that came to be in response to systemic inequalities in many academic related sectors (e.g. tech and computing, higher education, and research) and how these are amplified at the intersection of arts and humanities research, data and digital skills, and research, especially for under-represented groups. The key question for us was not ‘why are under-represented groups not engaging data skills?’ but ‘why are there so few approaches prioritising inclusion’ and ‘what does an inclusive approach look like?”. Thus, rather than developing a skills training programme for under-served groups, the DAReS project aimed to work with such groups to co-design an inclusive data skills curriculum. Taking an ethical co-creation approach, the DAReS project aims to develop an arts and humanities focused and inclusive data and digital skills curriculum which can inform a scalable regional or national pilot.
This Hackathon comes in the last phase part of the DAReS project, which is funded by the AHRC as part of the IDAH Digital Skills Network, lead by London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, with the Creative Computing Institute, King’s College London, Leeds University, Roehampton University, and partners, CRAC/Vitae and Wikimedia UK. The DAReS project is officially titled ‘Transforming the Gap: Inclusive Digital Arts and Humanities Research Skills’ (DAReS), AHRC AH/X007510/1.
https://www.arts.ac.uk/colleges/london-college-of-communication/research-at-lcc/dares
# Inclusive Data Research Skills for Arts and Humanities/Agenda for the Day
## Inclusive Data Research Skills Hackathon for Arts and Humanities (DAReS)

Thank you for signing up to our Hackathon on Friday 26th January 2024. We look forward to welcoming you on the day, and to collaborating on co-creating a Wikibook on inclusive data skills and materials for arts and humanities researchers with Wikimedia UK and the DAReS project team.
You can find out more about the DAReS project here
Agenda
* 9:00-10:00 Coffee and breakfast
* 10:00-11:00 Welcome and orientation
* 11:30-13:00 Parallel sessions Data skills Data Epistemologies and Decolonial Approaches Hacking the research journey
* 13:00-14:00 Lunch
* 14:00-15:30 Parallel sessions continued
* 16:00-17:15 Wrap up
* 17:15-18:00 Optional social