# Information Technology and Ethics/Freedom of Expression

Since the internet allows people to connect around the world, it gives people the ability to communicate information, ideas, and other forms of speech.It is an inexpensive way to reach a large audience in a short amount of time. Government and other organizations have tried to create laws and policies which help people to make ethical decisions about how to use this ability.
In the U.S., the first amendment protects the right to freedom of expression and religion. The definition of the first amendment has been expanded to include other forms of communication as well, such as nonverbal, visual and symbol communications. The first amendment also protects the right to speak anonymously. When people do not reveal their identity when they are expressing their opinions, it is called anonymous expression. Anonymous expression is used when people fear reprisal for opinions that may be unpopular. This is especially true for people who live in countries that may not allow free speech. The first amendment does not protect a few forms of speech including the following: perjury, fraud, defamation, obscene speech, incitement of panic, incitement to crime, fighting words and sedition. Defamation is either a written or an oral statement of alleged fact that is false and harms another person. The harm caused may either be financial, affect a person's ability to work in a certain field, or make it difficult or impossible for them to run in an election.
The freedom of expression on the Internet is an important concept because the Internet allows people all over the world to connect efficiently and quickly. The concept of freedom of expression on the Internet is dictated by the government and the rights of the people. The first amendment prevents Congress from creating laws that restrict the freedom of expression, not only verbally but also virtually, visibly, non verbally, and symbolically. Oftentimes on the internet people will express their ideas using an anonymous identity if they reside in a country that restricts the freedom of expression. In the United States, the first amendment does not protect free speech if it defames or tries to harm other individuals or organizations.
Businesses are, however, allowed to file John Doe Lawsuits, which are lawsuits that are filed against temporarily anonymous defendants. The lawsuit may allow the plaintiff to seek the identity of the defendant with the permission of the judge and a subpoena. If the subpoena is granted, they may subpoena information from an Internet service provider or web hosting firm. If the identity of of the user(s) is ever discovered, the complaint is then modified to show the correct name(s). Businesses may file John Doe lawsuits in order to discover those who may be revealing secrets or criticizing their company.
John Doe Lawsuits can be used as a means of filing lawsuits on individuals that are not known for the time being. Following the lawsuit, a subpoena can be used to request information from Internet service providers to identify anonymous individuals on the Internet. John Doe lawsuits are often used by individuals and organizations to find out who is trying to defame them.
Internet filters such as Net nanny block access to sites deemed inappropriate. This software is used by families, schools, and other public institutions to control what is viewed on a networked computer. Internet service providers have the ability to block websites, which works by blocking specific URLs and known hosting services. There is also software that filters hate sites.
Internet filters can be used at the personal level to block users from viewing inappropriate content. Also, internet service providers have the ability to block websites and content. This is done by blocking specific URLs. However, in the United States they don't have the right to do so because it would be a violation of people’s rights.