# Irish/Unit 2/Lesson 5

Lessons
Unit One: 1 2 3 4
Unit Two: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Unit Three: Lesson Index
Language Reference
Spelling and Pronunciation - Grammar
Wikiversity
More Irish language resources can be found at Wikiversity's Department of Irish Studies

# Food and Sickness
## Dialogue

    Seán: Tá ocras orm. Ar mhaith leat itheadh liom?
    Síle: Ba mhaith.
    Seán: Cén sort bialann ar mhaith leat?
    Síle: Is cuma liom, ithim gach cineál bia.
    Seán: Ceart go leor, ní ithim feoil.
    Síle: Ar mhaith leat deoch?
    Seán: Ba mhaith, caife dubh le do thoil.
    Síle: Cé mhéad sin?
    Freastalaí:Trí euro le do thoil.
    Seán: I'm hungry. Would you like to eat with me?
    Síle: I would
    Seán: What type of restaurant would you like?
    Síle: I don't mind, I eat every type of food.
    Seán: Ok, I don't eat meat.
    Síle: Would you like a drink?
    Seán: I would, a black coffee, please
    Síle: How much is that?
    Waiter: Three euro please

## Tá ocras orm - I'm hungry

This phrase literally means 'Hunger is on me'. In Irish, to express an emotional state, the preposition on is used.
Examples
    Tá tart orm - I'm thirsty
    Tá fearg air - He's angry
    Cuireann sé brón uirthi - It makes her sad (lit. It puts sadness on her)

### Ar - On

    orm - on me
    ort - on you (singular)
    air - on him
    uirthi - on her
    orainn - on us
    oraibh - on you (plural)
    orthu - on them

### Food Vocabulary

Where to find food
Cá bhfuil....? = Where is.....?
...an bhialann = the restaurant
...an t-ollmhargadh = the supermarket
...an tábhairne = the pub
...an chistin = the kitchen
...an freastalaí = the waiter
How to ask for things: method I
An féidir liom ... a bheith agam? = May I have...?
...bord = a table
...béile = a meal
...deoch = a drink
...biachlar = a menu
How to ask fo things: method II
Cad ba mhaith leat? = What would you like?
Ba mhaith liom... = I would like...
...(gloine) uisce = a (glass of) water
...(gloine) fíon ( bán / dearg) = a (glass of) (white / red) wine
...sú (oráiste) = a (orange) juice
...(pionta) beoir = a (pint of) beer
....(cupán) caife / tae = a (cup of ) coffee / tea
...(le /gan ) bainne = (with / without) milk
....siúcra = sugar
How to ask for things: method III
Beidh ... agam, le do thoil. = I will have ... , please.
... sailéad = a salad
...ceapaire = a sandwich
...(le / gan) maonáis, cáis = (with / without) mayonaisse, cheese
...arán (tosta) = (toasted) bread
...le him / gan im = with butter / without butter
...subh = jam
...muiceoil = pork
...mairteoil = beef
...iasc = fish
...sícín (friochta) = (fried) chicken
, agus ... freisin. = , and ... also.
...práta / prátaí = a potato / potatoes
...sceallóga = chips / french fries
...torthaí (úr) = (fresh) fruit
.....glasraí (áitiúil) = (local) vegetables
Likes, Wants
Níl .... uaim. = I don’t want...
...feoil = meat
...milseog = dessert
... anlann = sauce/dressing
Is veigeatóir / veigeán me. = I’m a vegetarian / vegan.
Tá ailléirge orm le .... = I have an allergy to ...
Ní maith liom... = I don’t like....
...cabáiste = cabbage
Is maith liom... = I like ...
...uachtar reoite = ice cream
Sin é an-blasta. = That is very tasty
Kinds of food
Cén cinéal ... atá agaibh? = What kind of .... do you have?
...anraith = (of) soup
...milseoige = of dessert
...glasra = (of) vegetable
piseanna = pea(s)
cáca / císte = cake
pióg (úll) = (apple) pie
bia mara = seafood
How to ask for things: method IV
Teastaíonn ... uaim. = I need ...
...pláta (eile) = a (another) plate
...forc (eile) = a (another) fork
...deoch (eile) = a (another) drink
...scian = a knife
... babhla = a bowl
...spunóg = a spoon
...an salann = the salt
...an piobar = the pepper
...tuilleadh caife = more coffee
....tuilleadh scealloga = more chips/fries
...an bille = the bill
Cé mhéid atá air? = How much is it?
Verbs
Tá mé ag ithe bricfeasta = I am eating breakfast.
Tá tú ag ithe lón = You are eating lunch.
Tá sé ag ithe dinnéar. = He is eating dinner.
Tá sí ag ól deoch. = She is drinking a drink.
Támid ag cócaireacht an béile. = We are cooking the meal.
Tá sibh ag ceannach an bhia. = You (plural) are buying the food.
Quantity
Ba mhaith linn... = We would like...
ceapaire, ceapairí = a sandwich, sandwiches
... dhá cheapaire = two sandwiches
gloine, gloiní = a glass, glasses
...trí ghloine... = three glasses (of...)
punta, puntaí = a pound, pounds
...ceithre phunta ... = four pounds (of...)
cileagram, cileagraim = a kilogram, kilograms
...cuig chileagram ... = five kg. (of...)
ubh, uibheacha = an egg, eggs
cupla ubh = a couple of eggs

## Na hUimhreacha - Numbers

Numbers on their own are called ordinal numbers, e.g. one, two three. In Irish, the numeral partical 'a' is placed in front of the number when using the number on its own.
Examples:
    A hAon - One
    A Dó - Two
    A Trí - Three
    A Ceathar - Four
    A Cúig - Five
    A Sé - Six
    A Seacht - Seven
    A hOcht - Eight
    A Naoi - Nine
    A Deich - Ten
When we use numbers with a noun, however (e.g. four cups, two euro), we don't use the numeral particle, and we use a different form of one and two. Also, the numbers 1-6 lenite the next word (add a h), while the numbers 7-10 add an urú. Also, ceathar becomes ceithre and you use the singular form of the noun, not the plural.
Examples:
    Aon chupán amháin - One cup (the 'aon' here is optional)
    Dhá chupán - Two cups
    Trí iasc - Three fish
    Ceithre phrátaí - Four potatoes
    Cúig ghloine - Five glasses
    Sé deoch - Six drinks
    Seacht bhfreastalaí - Seven waiters
    Ocht mbiachlár - Eight menus
    Naoi euro - Nine euro
    Deich mbialann - Ten restaurants
On top of this, their is a different form of the numbers used when counting people, as follows.
    Duine (amháin) - One person
    Beirt - Two people
    Triúr - Three people
    Ceathrar - Four people
    Cúigear - Five people
    Seisear - Six people
    Seachtar - Seven people
    Ochtar - Eight people
    Naonúr - Nine people
    Deichniúr - Ten people

## Dialogue

    Seán: Níl mé ag mothú go maith
    Síle: Cad é atá ort?
    Seán: Tá pian i mo bholg agam.
    Síle: A chréatúir, suigh síos ansin.
    Seán: Go raibh maith agat
    Síle: An bhfuil sé níos fearr?
    Seán: Tá, go raibh maith agat.
    Seán: I don't feel well
    Síle: What's wrong?
    Seán: I have a pain in my stomach
    Síle: You poor thing! Sit down there
    Seán: Thanks
    Síle: Is it better?
    Seán: Yes, thank you

## Níos fearr - Better

To compare something to something else, we use the words 'níos' and 'is', for example, 'níos fearr' means better as we saw above and 'is fearr' would mean 'best'. Another example is bright, which is 'geal' in Irish. This becomes 'níos/is gile' - 'brighter/brightest'. 'gile' here is the feminine genetive form of the adjective. We will discuss nouns and adjectives and their cases more in the next lesson, but the genetive will not be dealt with until later modules. For the moment, here are some examples of adjectives and their comparative forms.
Examples:
    Deas - Níos/Is deise - Nice - Nicer/Nicest
    Mór - Níos/Is mó - Big - Bigger/Biggest
    Beag - Níos/Is lú - Small - Smaller/Smallest
    Olc - Níos/Is measa - Bad - Worse/Worst
    Ard - Níos/Is airde - Tall - Taller/Tallest
    Sean - Níos/Is sine - Old - Older/Oldest
    Óg - Níos/Is óige - Young - Younger/Youngest
    Álainn - Níos/Is áille - Beautiful - More/Most beautiful
    Mall - Níos/Is moille - Slow. - Slower/Slowest

## Mo - My

The words 'my, your, his, her, etc' are called possessive pronouns. In Irish they are as follows:
    Mo - My
    Do - Your (singular)
    A - His
    A - Her
    Ár - Our
    Bhur - Your (plural)
    A - Their
Mo, Do and A when it means 'his' are all followed by lenition (adding 'h' to the following word). 'A' when it means her does not modify the following noun and Ár, Bhur and A when it means 'their' are all followed by eclipsis (adding an urú to the following word).
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