OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# LMIs in Control/Matrix and LMI Properties and Tools/Non-expansivity and Bounded Realness

This section studies the non-expansivity and bounded-realness of a system.

## The System

Given a state-space representation of a linear system
    ${\begin{aligned}\ {\dot {x}}=Ax+Bu\\\ y=Cx+Du\\\end{aligned}}$
$x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n},y\in \mathbb {R} ^{m},u\in \mathbb {R} ^{r}$ are the state, output and input vectors respectively.

## The Data

$A,B,C,D$ are system matrices.

## Definition

The linear system with the same number of input and output variables is called non-expansive if
    ${\begin{aligned}\int \limits _{0}^{T}y^{T}y(t)dt\geq \int \limits _{0}^{T}u^{T}u(t)dt\\\end{aligned}}$         (1)
hold for any arbitrary $T\geq 0$, arbitrary input $u(t)$, and the corresponding solution $y(t)$ of the system with $x(0)=0$. In addition, the transfer function matrix
    ${\begin{aligned}G(s)&=C(sI-A)^{-1}B+D\\\end{aligned}}$         (2)
of system is called is positive real if it is square and satisfies
    ${\begin{aligned}\ G^{H}(s)+G(s)\geq I\forall s\in \mathbb {C} ,Re(s)>0\\\end{aligned}}$         (3)

## LMI Condition

Let the linear system be controllable. Then, the system is bounded-real if an only if there exists $P>0$ such that
    ${\begin{aligned}\ {\begin{bmatrix}A^{T}P+PA&PB&C^{T}\\B^{T}P&-I&D^{T}\\C&D&-I\end{bmatrix}}<0\\\end{aligned}}$         (4)
and
    ${\begin{aligned}\ {\begin{bmatrix}PA+A^{T}P+C^{T}C&PB+C^{T}D\\B^{T}P+D^{T}C&D^{T}D-I\end{bmatrix}}<0\\\end{aligned}}$         (5)

## Implementation

This implementation requires Yalmip and Mosek.
* https://github.com/ShenoyVaradaraya/LMI--master/blob/main/bounded_realness.m

## Conclusion:

Thus, it is seen that passivity and positive-realness describe the same property of a linear system, one gives the time-domain feature and the other provides frequency-domain feature of this property.

## External Links

* LMI Methods in Optimal and Robust Control - A course on LMIs in Control by Matthew Peet.
* LMIs in Systems and Control Theory - A downloadable book on LMIs by Stephen Boyd.
* LMIs in Control Systems: Analysis, Design and Applications - by Guang-Ren Duan and Hai-Hua Yu, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013
# LMIs in Control/Matrix and LMI Properties and Tools/Iterative Convex Overbounding

Iterative convex overbounding is a technique based on Young’s relation that is useful when solving an optimization problem with a BMI constraint.

## The System

Consider the matrices $Q=Q^{T}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times n},B\in \mathbb {R} ^{n\times m},R\in \mathbb {R} ^{m\times p},D\in \mathbb {R} ^{p\times q},S\in \mathbb {R} ^{q\times r}andC\in \mathbb {R} ^{r\times n}$, where S and R are design variables in the BMI given by
    ${\begin{aligned}\qquad Q+BRDSC+C^{T}S^{T}D^{T}R^{T}B^{T}<0\qquad (1)\\\end{aligned}}$

## The LMI:Iterative Convex Overbounding

Suppose that S$_0$ and R$_0$ are known to satisfy (1). The BMI of (1) is implied by the LMI
       ${\begin{bmatrix}Q+\phi (R,S)+\phi ^{\text{T}}(R,S)&B(R-R0)U&C^{\text{T}}(S-S0)^{\text{T}}V^{\text{T}}\\*&W^{\text{-1}}&0\\*&*&-W\\\end{bmatrix}}<0\qquad (2)$
where Φ(R,S) = B(RDS$_0$+R$_0$DS-R$_0$DS$_0$)C, W>0 is an arbitrary matrix, D=UV, and the matrices U and V$^T$ have full column rank. The LMI of (2) is equivalent to the BMI of (1) when R = R$_0$ and S = S$_0$, and is therefore non-conservative for values of R and S and are close to the previously known solutions R$_0$ and S$_0$.
Alternatively, the BMI of (1) is implied by the LMI
       ${\begin{bmatrix}Q+\phi (R,S)+\phi ^{\text{T}}(R,S)&Z^{\text{T}}U^{\text{T}}(R-R0)^{\text{T}}B^{\text{T}}+V(S-S0)C\\*&Z\\\end{bmatrix}}<0\qquad (3)$
where Z > 0 is an arbitrary matrix, D = UV, and the matrices U and V$^T$ have full column rank. Again, the LMI of (4) is equivalent to the BMI of (2) when R = R$_0$ and S = S$_0$, and is therefore non-conservative for values of R and S and are close to the previously known solutions R$_0$ and S$_0$.

## Conclusion:

A benefit of convex overbounding compared to a linearization approach, is that in addition to ensuring conservatism or error is reduced in the neighborhood of R = R$_0$ and S = S$_0$, the LMIs of (2) and (3) imply (1). Iterative convex overbounding is particularly useful when used to solve an optimization problem with BMI constraints.

## External Links

A list of references documenting and validating the LMI.
* LMI Methods in Optimal and Robust Control - A course on LMIs in Control by Matthew Peet.
* LMIs in Systems and Control Theory - A downloadable book on LMIs by Stephen Boyd.
* Young’s Relation
# LMIs in Control/Matrix and LMI Properties and Tools/KYP Lemmas/Continuous Time

      * KYP Lemma (Bounded Real Lemma)
      * Positive Real Lemma
      * KYP Lemma for QSR Dissipative Systems
      * KYP Lemma witout Feedthrough
      * KYP Lemma for Descriptor Systems
      * Generealized KYP (GKYP) Lemma for conic Sectors
# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular modernized/Commercial-Piece-goods
## Lesson XXI. commercial.
### Piece-goods.

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| bou3pig4 | pòu-phit | 布疋 | Piece-goods. |
| bou3lou7 | pòu-lōu | 布路 | Piece-goods. |
| nin5 | nînn | 𦮴 | Woollen cloth. |
| ou1nin5 | ou-nînn | 烏𦮴 | Woollen cloth, black. |
| bêh8nin5 | pêh-nînn | 白𦮴 | Flannel. |
| zui2nin5 | tsúi-nînn | 水𦮴 | Tweeds. |
| rong5 | zông | 絨 | Velvet. |
| sia5bhung5 | siâ-bûn | 斜文 | Calico. |
| zu1bou3 | tsu-pòu | 朱布 | Gray shirting. |
| huang1bou3 | huan-pòu | 畨布 | Gray shirting. |
| bêh8bou3 | pêh-pòu | 白布 | White cloth. |
| ou1bou3 | ou-pòu | 烏布 | Black cloth. |
| cin2bou3 | tshínn-pòu | 青布 | Blue cloth. |
| ga1bou3 | ka-pùa | 膠𤿤 | Cotton cloth. |
| ruah8bou3 | zuâh-pòu | 𤍠布 | Grass cloth. |
| ciu7puê5 | tshiū-phûe | 樹皮 | Holland. |
| huê1bou3 | hue-pòu | 花布 | Chintz. |
| muan5bou3 | mûann-pòu | 蔴布 | Sack-cloth. |
| si1diu5ling5dng7 | si-tiû lîn-tn̄g | 𮈔綢綾綴 | Silk-goods. |
| si1 | si | 𮈔 | Silk. |
| dng7 | tn̄g | 綴 | Satin. |
| riou3sê1 | ziòu-se | 皺紗 | Crape. |
| u2sê1 | ú-se | 羽紗 | Camlet. |
| u2mon5 | ú-mônn | 羽毛 | Camlet. |
| u2lêng5 | ú-lêng | 羽綾 | Lasting. |
| nin5-gai5 bou3 | nínn--kâi-pòu | 柒個布 | Dyed cloth. |
| gung2diou5 | kún-tiôu | 綑条 | Tape, for dress. |
| dua3 | tùa | 帶 | Tape, for tying. |
| zêg8pig4 | tsêk-phit | 壹疋 | A piece of cloth. |
| zêg8gi1 | tsêk-ki | 壹枝 | A roll of cloth. |
# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular modernized/Commercial-Tailoring
### Tailoring.

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| zam1 | tsam | 針 | A needle. |
| suan3 | sùann | 線 | Thread. |
| si1suan3 | si-sùann | 𮈔線 | Silk thread. |
| dang5zoin2 | tâng-tsóinn | 銅指 | A thimble. |
| ga1do1 | ka-to | 剪刀 | Scissors. |
| tin7san1 iêh8gui2 | thīnn-sann iêh-kúi | 縫衫藥鬼 | A sewing machine. |
| ciêh4 | tshieh | 尺 | A measure. |
| bou3ciêh4 | pòu-tshieh | 布尺 | A tape-line, or cloth measure. |
| tin7 | thīnn | 縫 | To sew. |
| nng5 | nn̂g | 𦂧 | To stitch. |
| cih4zuê7 | tsih-tsūe | 摺痕 | To them. |
| ga1 | ka | 剪 | To cut with scissors. |
| zo3san1kou3 | tsò-sann-khòu | 做衫褲 | To make clothes. |
| ga1san1kou3 | ka-sann-khòu | 剪衫褲 | To cut out a dress. |
| goih4 | koih | 裡 | Lining. |
| gung2 | kún | 綑 | To braid. |
| bou2 | póu | 補 | To patch. |
| kah4 ging2 | khah-kin | 太緊 | Too tight. |
| kah4 oih8 | khah-oíh | 太狹 | Too narrow. |
| kah4 kuah4 | khah-khuah | 太闊 | Too loose. |
# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular modernized/Commercial-Weights and Measures
### Weights and measures.

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| zin5 | tsînn | 錢 | Mace. |
| hung1 | hun | 分 | Candareen. |
| niên2 | niénn | 両 | Tael. |
| geng1 | kurng | 斤 | Catty. |
| dan3 | tànn | 担 | Picul. |
| cung3 | tshùn | 寸 | An inch. (Chinese.) |
| ziêh4 | tshieh | 尺 | A foot. (Twelve English inches.) |
| dng6 | tn̆g | 丈 | Ten feet. |
| bou7 | pōu | 步 | A pace |
| huah8 | huâh | X | A pace. |
| bha7 | bā | 碼 | A yard |
| bhê2 | bé | X | A yard. |
| siam5 | siâm | 尋 | A fathom. |
| niên3 | niènn | 量 | To measure. |
| si3bang1 | sì-pang | 四方 | A square. |
| san1gag4 | sann-kak | 三角 | A triangle. |
| dao2 | táu | 斗 | A bushel (rice.) |
| ziêh8 | tsiêh | 石 | Ten bushels. |
| li5cing3 | lî-tshìn | 厘秤 | A small scale. |
| tiêng1pêng5 | thien-phêng | 天平 | A small scale. |
| ca5cing3 | tshâ-tshìn | 柴秤 | A steelyard. |
| cing3tui5 | tshìn-thûi | 秤錘 | A weight. |
| dêng2 | téng | 頂 | To weigh. |
| dêng2siam2 | téng-siám | 頂減 | To cheat in weighing. |
| cing3cian3 | tshìn tshiànn | 秤。正 | A correct scale. |
| cing3siam2 | tshìn siám | 秤。細 | An incorrect scale. |
# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular modernized/Hostilities
## Lesson XXIII. hostilities.

| Pêng'im | TL | Characters | English |
| nguang5suê3 | nguân-sùe | 元帥 | Commander-in-chief, |
| ziang3gung1 | tsiàng-kun | 將軍 | General, |
| zui2se1 ti5dog4 | tsúi-sṳ thî-tok | 水師提督 | Admiral, |
| bhu2guan1 | bú-kuann | 武官 | Officers, |
| bian1, ion2ziang3 | piann, ióng-tsiàng | 兵　 勇壯 | Soldiers, |
| bhê2bian1 | bé-piann | 馬兵 | Cavalry, |
| cao1liêng7 | tshau-liēn | 操練 | Drill, to, |
| liêng7 | liēn | 練 | Practise, to, |
| lêng6 | lĕng | 令 | Command, a, |
| mêng6 | mĕng | 命 | Command, to, |
| guang2 | kuán | 管 | Command, rule over, |
| gê1huê2 | ke-húe | 軍火 | Weapon, |
| giam3 | kiàm | 劍 | Sword, a, |
| cêng3 | tshèng | 銃 | Gun, a, |
| dua7cêng3, gong3 | tūa-tshèng, kòng | 大銃　𨫋 | Gun, large, |
| pah4cêng3 | phah-tshèng | 打銃 | Gun, to fire, |
| cêng3iêh8 | tshèng-iêh | 銃藥 | Gun-powder, |
| cêng3zi2 | tshèng-tsí | 銃子 | Shots, |
| tai5, ziêng3 | thâi, tsièn | 刣　戰 | Fight, to, |
| bhu7 | bū | 霧 | Bombard, to, |
| zing3 | tsìn | 進 | Advance, to, |
| to3 | thò | 退 | Retreat, to, |
| ui5 | uî | 圍 | Surround, to, |
| uang1ciu5 | uan-tshiû | 寃仇 | Enemy, |
| zin3 | tsìnn | 箭 | Arrow, |
| sia6zin3 | siă-tsînn | 射箭 | Arrow, to shoot, |
| biê1 | pie | 標 | Spear, |
| ding5bai2 | tîn-pâi | 藤牌 | Shield, |
| gian5 | kiânn | 行 | Travel, |
| bao1go2, hêng5li2 | pau-kó, hêng-lí | 包槁　 行李 | Baggage, |
| ian5buan5 | iânn-pûann | 營盤 | Camp, |
| cang3ian5 | tshàng-iânn | 創營 | Encamp, |
| siê1tai5, gao1ziên3 | sie-thâi, kau-tsièn | 相刣　 交戰 | War, a, |
| tai5ian5, ziên3ian5 | thâi-iânn, tsièn-iânn | 刣羸　 戰羸 | Victory, gain a, |
| tai5su1, ziên3su1 | thâi-su, tsièn-su | 刣輸　 戰輸 | Victory, lose a, |
| dig8 | tît | 直 | Settle, to, |
| buê5 | pûe | 賠 | Indemnify, to, |
| hua5 | hûa | 和 | Reconcile, to, |
| gian5hua5 | kiânn-hûa | 行和 | Negotiations, for peace, |
# K-12 School Computer Networking/Chapter 25

Please see the Discussion Page for more instructions on contributing to this chapter.

## Table of Contents -- Chapter 25

Distance Learning: Advanced Placement Case Studies -- Peter Chi
Designing a Distance Learning Seminar on Cyber-Ethics for Middle and K-12 Teachers and Administrators -- Dean J. Fusto
What is Distance Learning in a K-12 Environment? -- Lauren DeChant
Developing Faculty in the Information Age: Insights from Academia -- Ted Barco
Blogs and Wikis for K-12 Language and Literacy Development -- Daisuke Funai
Distance Learning as a Testing Tool for K-12 -- Peter Ko
Potential implications of "Edutainment," specifically game-based learning, in K-12 education-- Samuel Ahn
Creating a global classroom for the K-12 student through distance learning: An analysis of the impact of cross-boundary class membership on k-12 education -- Uzo Okolo
How can a K-12 educator create an effective distance learning environment? -- Claire Molony
Distance Learning and Change Management -- Lulu Xu
Using Distance Learning Techniques to Re-Invent k-12 Homework -- Philip Martin
Harnessing the power of YouTube for distance learning classrooms -- Marisa Panzani
The eLearning Pentad - Learning without the eBox --Deborah Elzie
Distance Learning and Inclusion --- Tabina Lyte
Distance learning in relation to cross-cultural connections-- Ajaya Williams
Distance Learning to Enhance current teaching practices in the K-12 classroom curriculum -- Sadaf Durrani
Distance Learning and Rural Education -- Yu Katsumata
Best Practice - 'Kkulmat.com', Korean Cyber Home Learning System (CHLS) -- Sejin Lee
Developing live classroom feeds: Interactive Zoo -- Kelly Stott
Case Study: Rural Hall Elementary School’s "Communications with Distance Learning" -- Nicole Fletcher
Performances of Understanding through Web 2.0 Technologies -- Cheryl Panzo
Quick Reference Music Education Websites-- Laura Smith
Distance Learning: Web 2.0, Mindtools and more
Implementing Web 2.0 and Distance Learning for K-12 Language and Literacy Development – An Overview of Some Benefits and Precautions
Project Idea - Using eReaders for DL -- Paul Acquaro
MSTU 4022 Are American k-12 ready for Mobile Learning? Observations of Mobile Learning in Japanese and American K-12 classes -- Akiko Matsumoto
Distance Learning and K-12 Feedback -- John Rogener
Using Distance Learning as a Platform for Assisting Homebound Students -- Maureen Kramanak
Virtual worlds and K-12 education --- Christina Wilson
Distance Learning and K-12 Music Education -- Catherine Corcoran
Distance Learning as a Support for Deaf Students -- Nicole Haller
'The Use of Distance Learning Environments to Support Students' Self-regulation' -- Anibal Cerda
'Using Distance learning to Support Students Career Development' -- Kyle Younger
Distance Learning and Extracurricular Activities - Christine Zaremba
Social Media tools and their role in Distance Learning - Peter Smith
# K-12 School Computer Networking/Chapter 23/Answer Key

Answer Key: 1. Taking charge of your career is important because: A: No job is secure B: I may want different challenges C: Who knows what will happen in the future D: School budgets are often not approved
1. Answer: All of the above
2. The difference between a proactive and reactive stance on your career is: A: Proactive is about sitting around and reactive is about taking charge B: Proactive is about taking charge and reactive is about sitting around C. Proactive makes you feel like you don’t have control, while reactive does D: Reactive is results in a great new job more than proactive
2. Answer: B
3. The four main areas of assessment are: A: Skills, ability, experience and desire B: Ability, skills, tasks, computer languages C: Who you know, where you are from, how much you like your job, what is next for you D: Skills, style, values and interests
3. Answer: D
4. What are the two distinct paths to Head of IT, as cited in the example? A: There is only one path B: Generalist and specialist C: Systems and programming D: Politics and networking
4. Answer: B
5. In terms of networking with people, individuals often: A: Think that they don’t have a network B: Believe that they have a robust network C: Think that they don’t have a robust network, when often they do D: Think that they have a robust network, when often they don’t
5. Answer: C
6. Resumes should: A: Be your be all to end all document B: Seen as a marketing tool C: Put away once completed D: Choices B & C
6. Answer: D
7. Networking only involves computers? F 8. Resume writing is the most important part of career progression? F 9. Assessment consists of 3 main areas? F 10. Proactive is better than reactive? T

## Chapter 24 Answer Key

You begin a grant by assessing the things that the school needs. (False)
There is a good bit of luck involved in grant writing. (True)
After you secure a grant, you have fulfilled your responsibilities. (False)
When you draft a grant, it is good to use technical jargon; so, the reader believes you're intelligent. (True)
# Micronesia

* The Federated States of Micronesia along with the Republic of the Marshall Islands were formerly part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and were administered by the United States. Before 1986, meters of the United States were used. The earliest meter stamps seen are dated 1996. All are inscribed “FSM”.
1. Francotyp-Postalia “PS4” (MV). [Scarce]
    Square frank with two palm trees at left and four stars at right.
    Bottom panel contains “POSTALIA” at left and the meter number with “METER” above.
    TM: DC
    V/F: 0.00
2. Francotyp-Postalia “9000” series (MV). [Scarce]
    Wide frank with one palm tree at right and four stars at left.
    Bottom panel contains “POSTALIA” at left and the meter number with “METER” above.
    TM: SC
    V/F: ≋.00≋
# Mongolia

* The country first declared its independence in 1911 but it was not until 1945 that it was formally recognized by the international community. Before that date it was heavily influenced by the Soviet Union which treated it as a province.
* Meter stamps with USSR inscriptions were used well after 1945, and it was not until 1996 when the first meter inscribed “MONGOLIA” was found.
* 1. Satas "Baby" (MV), 1996. [$100]
* Square frank with panel at top containing "MONGOLIA”.
* Postal logo (globe with wing?) at lower left.
* Large outlined letter “P” at left of value figures.
* Meter number with BA prefix at bottom.
* TM: DC
* V/F: 0000
* NOTE: Very few of these stamps are known. Meters BA0003 and BA0004 have been reported. Presumably meters BA0001 and BA0002 and perhaps others were also in use.
The image previously shown as Type 2 has been removed as it was from Inner Mongolia and is therefore a Chinese meter.
# Moldova

* After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the constituent countries, including Moldova, returned to their former separate and independent status or gained independence for the first time. Soviet inscribed stamps (“CCCP”) continued to be used without alteration for many years. (See UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS for these issues.) Except for the provisional issue (Type 1) stamps of independent Moldova are inscribed “MOLDOVA”, “MOLDOVEI” or “R M”.
* Catalog values are not provided for Moldova although the stamps seem to be quite scarce.
0.1. Perm (MV).
    Provisional issue.
    Upright octagon blank except for the value figures in center rectangle.
    Value figures stacked and date figures vertical.
    TM: DC with inner circle flat at top and bottom
    The stamp can be identified only by the presence of a Moldovan town and/or post code in the town mark or slogan area.
    V/F: 000
1. Perm (MV).
    Upright octagon with single line border and inner box around value figures.
    “POSTA” stacked at left and “R M” stacked at right.
    Eagle logo at top, blank at bottom.
    Date and value figures horizontal.
    TM: SC with boxed date
    V/F: 000
2. Perm (MV).
    Frank with "POSTA" stacked at left and “MOLDOVA” stacked at right.
    Eagle logo at top.
    Value figures stacked and date figures vertical.
    TM: SC with boxed date
    V/F: 000
3. Perm (MV).
    As Type 2 but blank at top.
    TM: SC with boxed date
    V/F: 000
4. Perm (MV).
    As Types 2 and 3 but with three horizontal parallel lines at top and bottom.
    TM: SC
    V/F: 000
5. Perm (MV).
    Frank is upright rectangle with simulated perforation border.
    “POSTA” at top and “MOLDOVEI” at bottom.
    Value figures stacked and date figures vertical.
    TM: SC
    V/F: 000
6. Pitney Bowes "A900" series (MV), 2013 or earlier.
    Horizontal frank with scalloped frame lines at bottom and right side.
    Circular postal logo at upper left of frank with meter number at lower left.
    "POSTA / MOLDOVEI" above value figures above "LEI".
    M# with "PB" prefix.
    TM: SC
    V/F: 00,00
7. Frama "Sensonic" (digital), 2009 or earlier.
    Horizontal rectangle with circular postal logo at upper left and "Posta / Moldovei" at upper right.
    "LEI" centered at bottom.
    Without meter number
    TM: SC
    V/F: 000.00
NOTE: This meter is used by the Moldova Supreme Court. If no non-government users of the frank type exist then it would be an "Official Mail" stamp.
9. Neopost (digital), 2017.
    Frank similar to Type 8 but open at the sides and with larger "POSTA / MOLDOVEI" in capitals.
    "Lei" and the value figures in thick characters.
    At bottom are the date and time above the meter number.
    M# with NE8 prefix.
    At left outside the frank are the town name above a small square 2D bar code matrix with various codes to its right.
                                                 Printed in blue.
                                                 TM: SC
                                                 V/F: 0000,00
# International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/Meter Stamp Collecting Societies
## Meter Stamp Collecting Societies

Several stamp societies have been formed for meter stamp collectors. The groups listed below are currently active:
* Meter Stamp Society (MSS, USA), publisher of the Quarterly Meter Stamp Society Bulletin. www.meterstampsociety.com
* Association des Collectionneurs D’Empreintes de Machines a Affranchir (ACEMA, France), publisher of the ACEMA Bulletin. Email: joeleroux@club-internet.fr
* Associazione Italiana Collezionisti di Affrancature Meccaniche (AICAM, Italy), publisher of Aicam News. Email: info@aicam.org, mdemin40@gmail.com www.aicam.org
* Forschungsgemeinschaft Post- und Absenderfreistempel e.V. (Germany). www.fg-freistempel.de
* Canadian Meter Stamp Study Group. hwww.meterstampsociety.com/CMSGNewsletter/CMSG.html
* United Kingdom Meter Franking, a web site maintained by Alistair Nixon, successor to the British Meter Stamp Study Group. Publisher of the online Meter News. http://www.meterfranking.co.uk/
* Meter Stamp Unit of the Japan Philatelic Society, Japan Philatelic Society, Foundation 4th floor, Philatelic Museum, Mejiro 1-4-23, Tokyo 171-0031, PHONE: +81-3-5951-3311 FAX: +81-3-5951-3315
* In The Netherlands a study group exists: www.frankeerstempel.nl
* In Belgium the study group “Werkgroep Mecanotelie” exists: http://www.evergem.be/vereniging/23/werkgroep-mecanotelie
# Mayotte

* Previously administered as part of the French territory of Comoros, in 1975 it separated from Comoros and remained under French control when Comoros gained its independence. Although the United Nations in 1979 declared Mayotte to be under Comoros sovereignty, in all practical terms the island remained a French possession and in fact became a fully integrated department (province) of France in 2001. For stamps used in Mayotte before 1975, see COMOROS.
* Only one stamp type has been found that has “MAYOTTE” in the frank. All other stamps used since 1975 have frank dies indistinguishable from those of France. See France: Annex for these issues.
1. Satas “P” (MV), 1976. [$40]
    Small upright frank with “MAYOTTE” at top.
    Date figures tall with hour figure between the town mark and frank.
    Meters “SP 1890” and “SP 1981” known.
    TM: SC
    V/F: ★000