OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Brewer K — Heinemann Themes in Psychology: Psychology and Crime (Heinemann Educational Secondary Division, 2000) ISBN 043580653X
Coolican H — Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology (Hodder Arnold, 2004) ISBN 0340812583
Harrower J — Applying Psychology to Crime (Hodder Arnold, 1998) ISBN 0340705566
Kapardis A — Psychology and Law: A Critical Introduction (Cambridge University Press, 2002) ISBN 0521531616
Milne R and Bull R — Investigative Interviewing: Psychology and Practice (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2007) ISBN 0470016272
Towl G J and Crighton D A — The Handbook of Psychology for Forensic Practitioners (Routledge, 1996) ISBN 0415128889

## Journals

Law and Human Behavior
Legal and Criminological Psychology

## Websites

The Internet Journal of Criminology.
New Criminologist Online Journal.
The Home Office.
Psychology Press.
# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Becker H S — Outsiders: Studies in Sociology of Deviance (Simon & Schuster Ltd, 1997) ISBN 0684836351
Kelling L and Coles C M — Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities (Simon and Schuster Inc, 1998) ISBN 0684837382
Matthews R and Young J — Rethinking Criminology: The Realist Debate (Sage Contemporary Criminology Series) (Sage Publications Ltd, 1992) ISBN 0803986211
Muncie J and McLaughlin E (editors) — The Problem of Crime (Sage Publications Ltd, 2001) ISBN 0761969713
Wilson J Q and Herrnstein R J — Crime Human Nature: The Definitive Study of the Causes of Crime (Free Press, 1998) ISBN 0684852667

## Journals

British Journal of Criminology 1980 volume 20: pages 136-147 Clarke RVG — ‘Situational’ Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice
British Society of Criminology
Civil Liberties Review, number 3 pages 23–35, Von Hirsch A, 1976, ‘Giving criminals their just deserts’
Home Office Statistical Bulletin, issue 21/98, London HMSO, Mirrlees-Black et al., 1998, The 1998 British Crime Survey

## Websites

The British Journal of Criminology.
Broken Windows Theory.
The Institute for the Study of Civil Society.
Crime Statistics for England and Wales.
Criminological Theory (Florida State University).
The Home Office.
The British Crime Survey.
# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Breithaupt J — New Understanding Physics for Advanced Level: Core Book AND Course Study Guide (New Understanding Physics) (Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2000) ISBN 0748743162
Duncan T — Electronics for Today and Tomorrow (Hodder Murray, 1997) ISBN 0719574137
Ellse M and Honeywill C — Electricity and Thermal Physics (Nelson Advanced Science: Physics) (Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2005) ISBN 074877663X
Johnson K et al — Advanced Physics for You (Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2000) ISBN 074875296X
Milward et al — Revise AS Physics for Salters Horners (Heinemann Educational Secondary Division, 2005) ISBN 043558345X
Milward et al — Revise A2 Physics for Salters Horners (Heinemann Educational Secondary Division, 2006) ISBN 0435582089

## Journal

New Scientist

## Websites

Electrical Engineers
National Grid
The Institute of Physics
Students’ research site
# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Bird J — Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology (Newnes, 2003) ISBN 0750665505
Bishop O — Electronics: Circuits and Systems (Newnes, 2003) ISBN 0750658452
Duncan T — Electronics for Today and Tomorrow (Hodder Murray, 1997) ISBN 0719574137
Floyd T L — Electronic Devices: Conventional Flow Version (Prentice Hall, 2004) ISBN 0131140809

## Websites

The Science Campus.
Electrical Engineering Training Series by Integrated Publishing.
# Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Chemistry for Biology Technicians
## Content

On completion of this unit a learner should:
    1. Be able to relate enthalpy changes to the bonding in a range of substances
    2. Be able to show how rates of reaction are affected by varying the reaction conditions
    3. Be able to interpret key features of equilibrium processes
    4. Be able to demonstrate the structure and properties of simple organic molecules.

# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Chapman C — Basic Chemistry for Biology (William C Brown, 1998) ISBN 0697360873
Fry M and Page E — Catch Up Chemistry: For the Life and Medical Sciences (Scion Publishing, 2005) ISBN 1904842100
Rockett B and Sutton R — Chemistry for Biologists at Advanced Level (John Murray, 1996) ISBN 0719571464
Sackheim G I — An Introduction to Chemistry for Biology Students (Benjamin Cummings, 2001) ISBN 0805330755

## Website

chemguide
# Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Course Structure and Assessment
## Unit Choice

The course is made of 53 units. Students take a maximum of 18:
| Certificate | 3 units | = 1 AS-level |
| Subsidiary Diploma | 6 units | = 1 A2-level |
| Diploma (90-Credit) | 9 units | = 1 A-levels Plus 1 AS-Level |
| Diploma | 12 units | = 2 A2-levels |
| Extended Diploma | 18 units | = 3 A2-levels |
Between the Certificate and Subsidiary Diploma Units 1, 2 and 4 are compulsory. Between the 90-Credit Diploma and Extended Diploma units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are compulsory.

## Method of Assessment

All units are assessed by written coursework, which is initially assessed by the school/college and then checked by Edexcel.

## Making the Grade

The work must be your own. Copying large chunks of text from a book or the internet is not allowed - even if you credit where you obtained the text.
Check the requirements of each unit and make sure your work meets those requirements. Work which is not on the syllabus will not improve your grade, so don't waste your time with it.
Tip: Use the specification to write headings for your assignments, and research material for each heading. This way you should cover all the topics required: It will be obvious which parts of your assignment need further work. Putting your research into headed sections will prevent you copying or paraphrasing a large chunk from one source, and then a large chunk from another source without comparing the two sources on what they say point-by-point.
Note every reference you use.
References:
* ↑ Even note sources you read, but didn't find helpful - it is evidence that you have researched thoroughly.
Definitive details from the Edexcel website.
# Author's Right, Copyright and Free Licenses for Culture on the Web/Web Tools/Podcast and Webinar
## 58. What is a podcast?

It is a recorded or live streamed audio, which can be archived, listened to or distributed via the Internet. It is a sort of web radio broadcast.

## 59. What is a webinar?

It is a recorded and / or broadcast seminar, even live, via the Internet.

## 60. What is a live or streaming podcast or webinar?

The podcast or webinar can be recorded and broadcast live on the Internet.

## 61. Can I freely create a podcast or webinar for the cultural institution for which I collaborate or work or do I have to agree with the management methods, contents and topic, the editorial line?

The podcast or webinar involves a series of preliminary activities to protect copyright. For example, gathering of a written waiver on the originality of the content disseminated by the speakers or interviewees, the specification of whether the speaker or interviewee speaks in a personal capacity or on behalf of the cultural institution. Therefore, careful verification of these aspects is required. It is then required by the legislation that regulates the activities of the cultural institution, or in any case it is appropriate and useful, to verify the prior consent of the director to the registration and broadcast of a podcast or webinar.

## 62. If I record a podcast or live or streamed webinar with other attendees, do I need to get their consent to broadcast?

The recording and archiving of audio or video content, in addition to raising questions regarding the treatment of personal data, requires the prior written consent of the participants. Written consent must be sought for any possibility of downloading the video by the participants in the event in future. The use of a video, for webinar or video lesson, in a streaming platform must be different from the use of video downloaded by anyone from the same platform. This relates to the permissions that the individual user has on the platform, but first of all from the permissions that participants grant authorizing the streaming but not the download of the video file.

## 63. In what form (written or oral) shall the consent obtained?

A written form is always recommended.
Author's Right, Copyright and Free Licenses for Culture on the Web
Introduction to the FAQs • I – Definitions II – Types of Content (Photographs • 2D-3D Reproductions • Texts • Databases • Open Data • Audio Content) III – Web Tools (Podcast and Webinar • Sharing • Websites • Domain Name • App • Social Network • Instant Messaging) IV – Licenses and Reuse (Data and Licenses • Images of Cultural Goods in Public Domain • Open Access and License) V – Problems and Solutions (Infringements • Contracts and Consents • Legal Notices • Exceptions)
# Author's Right, Copyright and Free Licenses for Culture on the Web/Web Tools/Domain Name
## 74. What is an Internet Protocol (IP) address? What is a domain name? What is a Domain Name System (DNS)?

The IP address identifies unique devices connected to the Internet according to the Internet Protocol standard.
The domain name is a sequence of letters and/or numbers combined by the registrant in a human-readable way for Internet users. It is unique, meaning that it is assigned to one entity only based on the “first come, first served” principle.
The Domain Name System (DNS) is used for the conversion of domain names (e.g. icom.museum) into Internet Protocol (IP) (e.g. 81.201.190.51) and vice versa.

## 75. Is the registry or domain registrant data public?

The registry is freely accessible but the registrant's data are protected and hidden in compliance with European legislation on data protection. To access this information, a reasoned request shall be sent to the registry (not to the reseller of the domains, called maintainers or registrars), which grants the use and assigns the ownership of the domain.

## 76. Who can register a domain?

There are some restrictions (e.g. subjective, geographical) applied by each Registry to free registration. If the word chosen as domain name is a dictionary name, not corresponding to a registered intellectual property right (e.g. trademark, domain name, trade name, display) or other prior rights, it can be registered by anyone.

## 77. Before the registration of a domain name do I have to or may I check if the domain name I intend to register is identical or confusingly similar with a third party’s prior rights?

There is no legal obligation but it is advisable to search in public and/or private databases to verify the existence of third party’s prior intellectual property rights.

## 78. May I request a third party to register the domain name used by me?

Yes, I can but it is advisable that the third party provides a written declaration with which he or she recognizes you as the owner of the registered domain.

## 79. Which is the applicable law to my domain?

The law of the country of residence or domicile of the registrant and the assignment rules of the domains of each registries (e.g. .org, .museum, .art).

## 80. Which is the best domain name for my cultural activity?

You are free to register the domain you deem most suitable. A national geographic domain (e.g. .it, .fr, .es) or a generic domain that expresses the cultural or non-profit nature and scope (e.g. .museum, .art, .org) of the entity using the domain.
Author's Right, Copyright and Free Licenses for Culture on the Web
Introduction to the FAQs • I – Definitions II – Types of Content (Photographs • 2D-3D Reproductions • Texts • Databases • Open Data • Audio Content) III – Web Tools (Podcast and Webinar • Sharing • Websites • Domain Name • App • Social Network • Instant Messaging) IV – Licenses and Reuse (Data and Licenses • Images of Cultural Goods in Public Domain • Open Access and License) V – Problems and Solutions (Infringements • Contracts and Consents • Legal Notices • Exceptions)
# Authoring Foreign Language Textbooks

While many foreign language books here on Wikibooks present their content in similar ways, each has its own approach determined by the authors' style and the characteristics of the language. This wikibook seeks to provide insight into the various issues specific to language books and help Wikibookians choose a style and structure to best aid the reader navigate the available contents and learn the material.
This book is meant to detail guidelines, not rules, on how to make an excellent wikibook teaching any language. You can pick and choose from all the suggestions this book has to offer and implement them in your wikibook to make it an effective and useful foreign language wikibook.

## Content

* Learning styles
* Learning curves
* Lesson plans
* Practice
* References
* Media
* Approaches
* Guidelines
* Useful tricks
* Quizlet and Memrise

## See Also

* Subject:Languages
* How to Teach a Language
# Author's Right, Copyright and Free Licenses for Culture on the Web/Web Tools/App
## 81. What is an App?

It is a software application dedicated to mobile devices (e.g. smartphone, tablet) providing functionalities\, images, sounds and interaction functionalities.

## 82. Which is the applicable law to an App?

The general terms and conditions of the App itself apply, which provide the applicable law. Usually, it is the domestic law of the company that owns the App and therefore it could be a different law from that of the user. If the user is a consumer, according to European legislation, European law applies to the latter and the more favorable one, if any, of the Member State of citizenship or residence or domicile of the consumer.

## 83. How to protect the name and content of an App?

The name can be protected by registering it as a trademark or trade name. The content is protected by European Union and domestic copyright law.
Author's Right, Copyright and Free Licenses for Culture on the Web
Introduction to the FAQs • I – Definitions II – Types of Content (Photographs • 2D-3D Reproductions • Texts • Databases • Open Data • Audio Content) III – Web Tools (Podcast and Webinar • Sharing • Websites • Domain Name • App • Social Network • Instant Messaging) IV – Licenses and Reuse (Data and Licenses • Images of Cultural Goods in Public Domain • Open Access and License) V – Problems and Solutions (Infringements • Contracts and Consents • Legal Notices • Exceptions)
# Becoming a Private Pilot/Systems and Aircraft Components

In this segment we will cover the systems for a 1967 Cessna 150. We chose this aircraft because it is a fairly common training aircraft, and it has fairly simple systems. More complex aircraft require more study when it comes to systems.

## Flight Control Surfaces
### Elevator

The controllable surface, usually on the back of the horizontal stabilizer, which causes the airplane to pitch up or down when changes are made to the yoke or stick by pulling back or pushing in.

### Ailerons

The small controllable surfaces, typically on the outside of the back of each wing which causes the airplane to roll when changes are made via turning the yoke or moving the stick stick left or right. Ailerons move in opposite directions, one moving up while the other moves down, in order to create a change in the longitudinal axis.

### Rudder

The controllable surface, usually on the back of the vertical stabilizer, which steers the airplane left and right when changes are made via the rudder pedals.

### Flaps

About the size and shape and inboard of the ailerons are the flaps. These change the shape of the wing and increase the wing's lift but at the same time adding to the drag. They are used when landing to slow the plane down without causing change the pitch. The flaps move in the same direction unlike the ailerons. They are in the neutral position when they are retracted or in the up position.
# Becoming a Private Pilot/Background
## Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. To be a competent pilot, you will need to know and understand aerodynamics intuitively, and also scientifically. See lift.

## Why an airplane flies
### Lift

Lift is the upward force exerted by the wings pushing down the air around them. This counteracts weight.

### Drag

Drag is the backward force of the friction produced from the airplane moving through the air.
This slows the plane down.

### Thrust

This counteracts drag.

### Weight

Weight is the downward force on the aircraft produced by the Earth's gravitational pull.

### Maneuvering
## Axes of Flight

An airplane moves in three dimensions, or along three axes. When driving a car or boat, it which moves in two dimensions. Adding a third dimension makes the control much more complex. A banking, climbing turn requires skill and concentration.

### Pitch

Pitch is the change of attitude of flight about the transverse axis of the aircraft. It simple words it is nose down or nose up of the aircraft. The airplane climbs or descends by changing the pitch. Pulling back the yoke or stick results in a change in the elevator causing a downward force on it and resulting in an equal upward change in attitude of the nose about the vertical plane.

### Roll

Roll is the longitudinal axis causing one wing tip to go up while the other goes down. The airplane turns about this axis from the center of the nose through the center of the tail. During a roll the airplane turn like a kabob on a rotisserie. Turning the yoke or moving the stick left or right causes one aeleron to rotate up while the other simultaneously rotates down.

### Yaw

Yaw is the horizontal axis on which the airplane turns left and right. A left or right turn is a rotation of the airplane about an imaginary line through the center of the airplane from top to bottom. The rudder pedals are moved with the feet left and right to move the rudder which turns the airplane about the horizontal plane.
# Becoming a Private Pilot
## Table of Contents

* Getting Your Private Pilot License
* Background
* Standard Day
* Systems and Aircraft Components
* In the Cockpit Basics
* Take Off
* Landings
* Steep Turns
* Slow Flight

## Disclaimer

I take no responsibility for any of the data posted on this Wiki. This information may be a helpful training aid, but it cannot take the place of logged instructional time with an instructor. Thanks, and happy landings.
# Becoming a Private Pilot/Landings
## Standard

A standard landing is just that, standard. If the runway is well light, dry, smooth, and no obstructions at either end of the runway. Your landing would be standard.

## Short Field

With a short field landing, you have almost no room for error. Make sure you establish an approach with a low speed. For a Cessna 152, a steady 60kias will do. Sometimes it is necessary to slip your aircraft (Forward Slip), to lose altitude fast without increasing airspeed. As you cross over the threshold, reduce power to idle, after your flare, apply full brakes and back pressure.

## Soft Field

Would be the same as a Standard landing or a Short field landing expect once you flare. To prevent your wheels to dig in to a soft runway, like grass, sometimes you must extend your flare. When you flare, you might need to add a notch of power, to prevent your nose gear from digging in. Once all wheels are on the ground , retract flaps to 0.

## Go-Arounds

A Go-Around happens when a pilot aborts a landing. This might be due from a obstruction on the runway, or the pilot's approach being too high or too low. A Go-Around is also called a Balked Landing. To perform a go-around in a typical flight training aircraft, like a Cessna 152 or Cessna 172: FIRST advance throttle to full open, to prevent the aircraft of touching the ground, maintaining the ground separation, slowly retract flaps, continuing with a steady rate of climb and speed. Advice the tower or CTAF.
# Becoming a Private Pilot/Standard Day
## Clouds

Clouds are classified in four categories by height.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Lotus Eaters/079
## Annotations

vibrato (Italian) vibrated. In English vibrato is a technical term which describes the musical technique of quickly and repeatedly raising and lowering the pitch of a note by a small amount in order to impart an emotional expressiveness to the note. The practice is particularly associated with vocal music and string technique. Some types of organ can produce a similar effect by altering the pressure of the air passing through the pipes. Bloom is probably thinking of the vox humana stop on a church organ. This stop uses a tremulant (or tremolant) to achieve a vibrato effect. Vox humana is Latin for Human voice, so Bloom is justified in saying that, he knew how to make that instrument talk....
Stabat Mater (Latin) The Mother Stood. Stabat Mater are the opening words and traditional title of a 13th-century hymn to the Virgin Mary. The hymn is sometimes known as the Stabat Mater Dolorosa (The Sorrowful Mother Stood) to distinguish it from another work with the same opening. It recounts the suffering of Christ's mother during his Passion. It has been set to music several times.
Quis est homo? (Latin) Who is the man? These are the opening words of the third stanza of the Stabat Mater. In Rossini's setting, Quis est homo? is a duet for soprano and mezzo-soprano.
Gloria (Latin) Glory. The opening word and traditional title of the hymn Gloria in excelsis Deo (Glory to God in the highest), the Greater Doxology or Angelic Hymn which forms part of the Ordinary of the Latin Mass.
The Gloria in the spurious Mozart's Twelfth Mass is still a popular piece with amateur choirs.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 95. Thornton (1968) 85.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 95. Thornton (1968) 85.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 96. Thornton (1968) 85.
* ↑ YouTube
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Lotus Eaters/081
## Annotations

Aq. Dist. Fol. Laur. Te Virid. (Latin abbreviations) Aqua Distillata. Folia Lauri. Thea Viridis. (Distilled Water. Laurel Leaves. Green Tea.) Bloom is reading some of the labels on the apothecary's jars of ingredients. Several of these and similar jars are still on display in Sweny's Chemist.
Distilled water is used by pharmacists as a diluent.
Leaves of the bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) have several medicinal uses.
Thea viridis L. is one of the older scientific names for the Chinese tea herb from which green tea is made. Camellia sinensis is the currently preferred name. It too has medicinal uses.
Is Joyce's Te an error for The.?
Peau d'Espagne (French) Spanish skin. Peau d'Espagne is a perfume made of flower and spice oils. Presumably Bloom is mentally answering Martha Clifford's inquiry concerning Molly's perfume. In Penelope, Molly will recall using a cheap and inferior form of Peau d'Espagne when she was living with her father in Gibraltar.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 98.
* ↑ Distilled Water in Pharmacy.
* ↑ Laurel.
* ↑ Green Tea.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 98.