OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A-level Computing 2009/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Skeleton code/2015 Exam/Section C
## Validation

* Error Checking
* Example Question
* Answer:
* Example Answer
* Ways to crash game
* In VB, if you type 18 then 08. The game crashes - fix this.
* Answer:
* Function CheckMoveIsLegal(ByVal Board(,) As String, ByVal StartRank As Integer, ByVal StartFile As Integer, ByVal FinishRank As Integer, ByVal FinishFile As Integer, ByVal WhoseTurn As Char) As Boolean
* Dim PieceType As Char
* Dim PieceColour As Char
* If FinishFile = StartFile And FinishRank = StartRank Then
* Return False
* End If
* PieceType = Board(StartRank, StartFile)(1)
* PieceColour = Board(StartRank, StartFile)(0)
* If FinishRank = 0 Or FinishFile = 0 Then 'This is the required if statement
* Return False
* End If

## Variables

* Variables
* What is this function for? (code in answer)
* Answer:
* If Asc(SampleGame) >= 97 And Asc(SampleGame) <= 122 Then
* SampleGame = Chr(Asc(SampleGame) - 32)
* End If
* This converts lowercase to uppercase by using ASCII values.
* {{CPTQuestion|What simple function can replace this code with? If Asc(SampleGame) >= 97 And Asc(SampleGame) <= 122 Then
* SampleGame = Chr(Asc(SampleGame) - 32) End If
* (Answer in Code)
* Answer:
* SampleGame = Ucase(SampleGame)
* Give the name of the identifier of a Constant
* Answer:
* BoardDimension
* Give the name of the identifier of a Fixed Value Variable
* Answer:
* SampleGame
* Give the name of a Most Wanted Holder Variable
* Answer:
* GetMove
* Give the name of the identifier of a Stepper Variable
* Answer:
* fileNo
* Give the name of the identifier of a Temporary Variable
* Answer:
* Board
* Give the name of the identifier of a Transformation Variable
* Answer:
* StartRank

## Loops

* Loops
* What is the difference between a repeat until loop and a for loop
* Answer:
* The 'for' loop will run a set number of times and finish when the count is complete. A repeat until loop will run until a condition has been met, the condition is checked at the end of the loop so it is possible for the loop to run once
* Example Question
* Answer:
* Example Answer
* Example Question
* Answer:
* Example Answer

## Sub Routines

* Sub Routine
* Give an example of a SubRoutine whose only role is to output
* Answer:
* DisplayWinner, displayWhoseTurnItIs

## Extra Stuff

* Extra Stuff
* Why is System.Math imported?
* Answer:
* To allow the use of Abs in the process of checking whether moves are legal.
* Why is Abs used?
* Answer:
* To return the absolute value. This is needed because the result of
* (FinishFile - StartFile) or (FinishRank - StartRank) may be a negative number, whilst the move is still legal.
* The Abs function returns the positive alternative, which prevents the program from crashing
# A-level Computing 2009/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Skeleton code/2014 Exam/Section C
## Validation

* Error Checking
* Example Question
* Answer:
* Example Answer

## Variables

* Variables
* State the name of an identifier for a variable that has a fixed value role
* Answer:
* Choice, PlayerName
* State the name of an identifier for a variable that has a gatherer role
* Answer:
* NoOfCardsTurnedOver

## Loops

* Loops
* State the name of a procedure with exactly two loops
* Answer:
* UpdateRecentScores, PlayGame

## Sub Routines

* Sub Routine
* State the name of a procedure which has the sole purpose of producing an output to the screen
* Answer:
* DisplayCard, DisplayEndOfGameMessage, DisplayCorrectGuessMessage,DisplayRecentScores
# A-level Computing 2009/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Skeleton code/2014 Exam

The exam questions are very hard to predict and this site is by no means going to give you everything you need for the questions you'll sit. The most important thing you should do is learn how to program, and learn how to program well!
The exam is split into 4 sections that must be completed on a computer:

## Section A

<35 minutes> Theory Questions based on the material you have covered for Unit 1. For an overview of what this might include see the AQA specification and this wikibook.
* Section A

## Section B

<20 minutes> Programming solutions to short problems, not based on the preliminary material or skeleton code.
* Section B

## Section C

<10 minutes> Theory questions about the preliminary material and skeleton code.
* Section C

## Section D

<55 minutes> Program solutions based around the preliminary code. The guidance below doesn't pretend to offer the actual questions that will be set in the exam, but by doing them you should hopefully get a better grasp of the code and be able to answer any questions thrown at you during the exam.
* Section D
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Hunter's bend

* Hunter's bend
* Use: The Hunter's bend (aka Rigger's bend) is used to join two lines. It consists of interlocking overhand knots, and can jam under moderate strain.
* Hunter's bend is one of the most recent knots to be discovered. It appeared on the front page of The Times in 1978 and was credited to Dr. Edward Hunter. Dr. Hunter used it for years to tie broken shoelaces before discovering its originality through a friend in the 1970s. When it appeared on the front page, it led to much publicity for the knot and also to the foundation of the International Guild of Knot Tyers. However, the knot was presented in Knots for Mountaineering by Phil Smith ca. 1956.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Mooring hitch

* Mooring hitch
* Use: In order to secure the boat to a dock or secure a line to the boat you will probably use the cleat hitch.
* How to tie:
* Take the line to the ear of the cleat furthest from where the line comes from the boat (or load).
* Take one wrap around the base of the cleat and then start a figure eight across the top of the opposite ear.
* Finish with a half hitch turned under so that the line is coming away from the cleat in the opposite direction from which it came in.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Lark's head

* Lark's head
* Use: The lark's head is a knot (specifically, a hitch). Also called a cow hitch, it comprises two half-hitches tied in opposing directions. The cow hitch is often used to connect loop-ended lanyards to handheld electronic equipment, since it can be tied without access to the ends of the fastening loop.
* How to tie:
* When both the standing parts of the rope are available, the cow hitch can be tied in the following manner:
* Form a bight and pass it through the ring from the underneath.
* Pull the head of the bight downwards, and reach through it, grabbing both standing parts of the rope.
* Pull both standing parts of the rope through the bight.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Fisherman's loop

* Fisherman's loop
* Use: The fisherman's loop makes a non-slip loop at the end of a rope.
* How to tie:
* This knot is the same as a fisherman's bend, except that instead of joining two ropes together, a single rope is doubled over and then joined to itself forming a loop.
* Another way to tie it is to make a slip knot and then use the running end to tie an overhand knot around the standing end.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Halter hitch

* Halter hitch, Hitching tie
* Use: The halter hitch, sometimes called a hitching tie is used to tie the lead rope, which is attached to a horse's halter (or to a boat), to a post or hitching rail. The benefit of the halter hitch is that it can be released by pulling on one end of the rope. Even if there is tension on the horse-side of the rope it can still be release with ease.
* How to tie:
* Pass the working end of the rope over the standing part.
* Pass the working end behind the loop.
* Create a bight in the working end of the rope. The bight is then passed in front of the main loop and into the second loop.
* Tighten the hitch by pulling on the standing end and the bight. The hitch can be finished by passing the working end through the bight.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Lariat

* Lariat
* Use: A lariat knot is the loop knot commonly used in a lasso. Its round shape, especially when tied in stiff rope, helps it slide freely along the rope it is tied around.
* How to tie:
* Place an overhand knot in the end of the rope.
* Tie a second overhand knot, pass the rope end through it, and tighten.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Matthew Walker

* Matthew Walker knot
* Use: A Matthew Walker knot is a decorative knot that is used to keep the end of a rope from fraying. It is tied by unraveling the strands of a twisted rope, knotting the strands together, then laying up the strands together again. It may also be tied using several separate cords, in which case it keeps the cords together in a bundle.
* How to tie:
* A Matthew Walker knot is tied in a circular bundle of any number of strands. To tie the knot, the tier takes each strand and forms a loop around the rest of the bundle, then passes the end through the newly-formed loop to form an overhand knot. He then moves to the next strand over, moving around the bundle in the direction he passes the loops. Tying the first strand around the bundle is straightforward, but each subsequent end must be passed through the previously-formed loops in order to contain all of the other strands in its loop. When tightening, it may help to roll the knot along the bundle, especially when using only two strands. The final effect is a spiral knot vaguely resembling a section of a barber's pole.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Man harness

* Man harness knot
* Use: The Man harness is a knot with a loop on the bight for non-critical purposes. This knot is used when multiple people are to pull a load. Typically one end of the rope is tied to a load, and one man harness knot per puller will be tied along its length. Each loop is then pulled by a different person.
* How to tie:
* Lay the rope flat
* Make a loop in the rope with the running end going beneath the standing part.
* Pull the running end down so that it crosses over the loop.
* Pull the bottom of the loop through the gap between the top of the loop and the running end.
* WARNING: The Man harness knot must have the loop loaded or it will slip and contract easily.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Manger Knot

* Manger Knot
* Use: This knot should be use when tying a horse to a stationary object. Its main advantage is that it can be quickly untied, so if the horse starts to panic it can be quickly freed from the rope before it dangerously tangles itself.
* How to tie:
* Make a loop around whatever the horse is being tied to.
* Make a second loop in the running end and lay it on the standing part (that is, the end the horse is tied to).
* Make a bight on the free end, pass it beneath the standing part and through the second loop (made in step two).
* Tighten the second loop.
* Untie by pulling on the running end.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Miller's

* Miller's knot
* Use: A Miller's knot (also Sack knot or Bag knot) is a binding knot used to secure the opening of a sack or bag. Historically, large sacks often contained grains; thus the association of these knots with the miller's trade. Several knots are known interchangeably by these three names. Several variations are shown here.
* This is another depiction of the knot shown above.
* This knot is also a useful hitch and is known by the name Ground-line hitch when used for that purpose.
* This variation is noted as having better binding characteristics than the others.
# Bengali/Asking questions

In this chapter we shall discuss the basics of question-asking.

## কথা

| মানুষ | বাংলা | বলা | ইংরেজি |
| হাবিব | এই গাছের মধ্যে, এটা কি? | ei gachher môddhe, eţa ki? | In this plant, what is this? |
| বাপ্পা | জানি না, আমাকে দাও। কোথায় থাকে? | jani na, amake dao. kothai thake? | I don't know, give it to me. Where is it? |
| হাবিব | পাতার নিচে বসে। আমার জন্যে দাঁড়াও। | patar niche boshe. amar jônno dârao. | It sits beneath the leaves. Wait for me. |
| বাপ্পা | কতক্ষণ লাগে ওটা নাওয়া? | kôtôkkhon lage oţa nawa? | How long does it take, getting that out? |
| হাবিব | এখন ভুলে যাই। কেন উঠে না এই জিনিস? | ekhon bhule jai. keno uţhe na ei jinish? | Now I forget. Why doesn't this stand? |
| বাপ্পা | একি! কিভাবে তাড়াতাড়ি চলে যায়? | eki! kibhabe taŗataŗi chole jae? | Whoa! How does it go away so fast? |
| হাবিব | ওর ফুল রাখে; নাও ওটা। কখন আসে আমাদের গাড়ি? | or ful rakhe; nao oţa. kôkhon ashe amader gari? | It leaves its flower: take it. When does our car come? |

## মানে

We have inundated the dialogue with lots of question words, which we hope you caught on to; here's a rundown of what they are:
| বাংলা | বলা | ইংরেজি |
| কি? / কী? | ki? | what? |
| কে? | ke? | who? |
| কখন? | kôkhon? | when? |
| কোথায়? | kothae? | where? |
| কীভাবে? | kibhabe? | in what manner? |
| কতক্ষণ? | kôtôkkhon? | how long [in time]? |
| কেন? | keno? | why? |

## আর ক্রিয়াপদ - more verbs

The dialogue was also inundated with more verbs, some of whose simple present tense conjugations are given below. Remember the scheme we introduced in the last section.
| বাংলা | ধাতুরূপ | ইংরেজি |
| জানা | জানি জানিস জানো জানে জানেন | to know |
| ভুলে যাওয়া | (see যাওয়া) | to forget |
| দেওয়া | দেই দিস দাও দেয় দেন | to give |
| নেওয়া | নেই নিস নাও নেয় নেন | to take |
| থাকা | থাকি থাকিস থাকো থাকে থাকেন | to stay |
| চলে যাওয়া | (see যাওয়া) | to leave [a place] |
| ওঠা | উঠি উঠিস ওঠো ওঠে ওঠেন | to stand |
| রাখা | রাখি রাখিস রাখো রাখে রাখেন | to leave [in a place] |

## চর্চা

TODO
# Bengali/Alphasyllabry

The Bangla alphabet contains:
* Vowels: অ, আ, ই, ঈ, উ, ঊ, ঋ, এ, ঐ, ও, ঔ
* Consonants: ক, খ, গ, ঘ, ঙ; চ, ছ, জ, ঝ, ঞ; ট, ঠ, ড, ঢ, ণ; ত, থ, দ, ধ, ন; প, ফ, ব, ভ, ম; য, র, ল, শ, ষ, স, হ; ড়, ঢ়, য়
* Other: ঁঁ, ং, ঃ

## Consonants

Bangla consonants do not have special names. They are known by the sound they represent followed by the vowel অ [ɔ]. For example: ক is pronounced [kɔ], গ is pronounced [gɔ], etc.
This অ is present in every consonant unless it is replaced by a different vowel. Hence, this অ present in every consonant is called the inherent vowel.
The Bengali script is arranged in a logical sequence. Characters of similar sounds are grouped together.
| consonant (with inherent vowel) | syllabic forms with other vowels | related consonant conjuncts |
| ক | কা কি কী কু কূ কৃ কে কৈ কো কৌ | |
| খ | খা খি খী খু খূ খৃ খে খৈ খো খৌ | |
| গ | গা গি গী গু গূ গৃ গে গৈ গো গৌ | |
| ঘ | ঘা ঘি ঘী ঘু ঘূ ঘৃ ঘে ঘৈ ঘো ঘৌ | |
| ঙ | ঙা ঙি ঙী ঙু ঙূ ঙে ঙৈ ঙো ঙৌ | |
| চ | চা চি চী চু চূ চৃ চে চৈ চো চৌ | |
| ছ | | ছা ছি ছী ছু ছূ ছে ছৈ ছো ছৌ।। |
| জ | | জা জি জী জু জূ জৃ জে জৈ জো জৌ |
| ঝ | | |
| ঞ | | |
| ট | | |
| ঠ | | |
| ড | | |
| ঢ | | |
| ণ | | |
| ত | | |
| থ | | |
| দ | | |
| ধ | | |
| ন | | |
| প | | |
| ফ | | |
| ব | | |
| ভ | | |
| ম | | |
| য | | |
| র | | |
| ল | | |
| শ | | |
| ষ | | |
| স | | |
| হ | | |
| য় | | |
# Bengali/Animals

A list of wild and domestic animals is given below in both English and Bengali:
| English | Transliteration | Bengali |
| Cat | biṛal | বিড়াল |
| Goat | chagol | ছাগল |
| Cow | goru | গরু |
| Donkey | gadha | গাধা |
| Dog | kukur | কুকুর |
| Sheep | bhera | ভেড়া |
| Tiger | bagh | বাঘ |
| Lion | śiṅho | সিংহ |
| Ox | śãṛ | ষাঁড় |
| Fox | śiẏal | শিয়াল |
| Serow | bonchagol | বনছাগল |
| Hen | murgi | মুরগী |
| Duck | patihãsh | পাতিহাঁস |
| Cattle | goru-mohiś | গরু-মহিষ |
| Chimpanzee | śimpanji | শিম্পাঞ্জি |
| Cockroach | telapōka | তেলাপোকা |
| Crow | kak | কাক |
| Deer | horin | হরিণ |
| Elephant | hati | হাতি |
| Dolphin | śuśuk | শুশুক |
| Whale | timi | তিমি |
# Analytical Chemiluminescence/Detection of chemiluminescence
## D1. Detection of chemiluminescence

The detector of choice for chemiluminescence is the photomultiplier tube, a development of the vacuum phototube that permits considerable amplification of the signal. Figure D1.1 shows how the photomultiplier works. The surface of the cathode supports a photoemissive layer that ejects electrons in direct proportion to the intensity of the incident light; several electrons are emitted for each photon and are attracted towards a positively-charged dynode. When the electron beam meets the dynode several electrons (E in figure D1.1) are ejected for each incident electron and these are attracted to a second dynode at a higher positive potential. This process is repeated along a series of dynodes, the intensity of the electron beam increasing continually until when it reaches the anode (at the greatest positive potential) there are over a million electrons for each photon incident at the cathode. The resulting current can be amplified electronically. In the absence of light, the photomultiplier generates a dark current, chiefly due to thermal emission. Thermal dark currents can be eliminated by cooling to ─30 °C.
Figure D1.1 – Principle of the photomultiplier (see text).
Diodes are also used for chemiluminescence detection, especially in low-cost applications. Photographic detection was also used in very early work.

#### References

* ↑ Hayashi K, Sasaki S, Ikebukaro K and Karube I, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996, 329, 127-134.
* ↑ Ueno K, Analytical applications of chemiluminescence - photography, Senryo to Yakuhin, 1991, 36, 100 (in Japanese) and Anal. Abst., 1992, 10C83
# Analytical Chemiluminescence/Chemiluminescence detection in high performance liquid chromatography
## D10. Chemiluminescence detection in high performance liquid chromatography

Figure D10.1 – Flow chart of high performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection.
High performance liquid chromatography consists of the injection of a liquid sample into a liquid mobile phase which is passed through a column of solid or supported liquid stationary phase. Separation is the result of partition, adsorption, size exclusion or ion exchange between the stationary and mobile phases and the separated constituents of the sample are usually detected by an ultra-violet absorption detector. A flow chart of the typical instrumentation used is illustrated in figure D10.1.
Coupling with chemiluminescence detection adds the sensitivity of this technique to selectivity of a powerful separation method. It requires measurement of the emitted light due to a post-column reaction between the analytes in the column eluents and the chemiluminescence reagents, which are delivered by additional pumps with the incorporation of devices for rapid mixing. Measurement of the chemiluminescence intensity at its maximum requires optimization of the transit time (dependent on length of tubing and flow rate) between the mixing point and the detector. The most important problem in designing the coupling instrumentation is ensuring compatibility between the conditions necessary for efficient chromatographic separation and those needed for intense chemiluminescence. Separation depends heavily on mobile phase composition, whereas chemiluminescence emission is known to be affected by solvent, pH, reaction temperature and the presence of enhancers and/or catalysts.
Figure D10.2 – Post-column instrumentation for measuring chemiluminescence after derivatization of analytes (PMT = photomultiplier tube; REC = recorder).
Interfaces between chromatography columns and chemiluminescence can become very complex. For example, peroxy-oxalate chemiluminescence is frequently coupled with HPLC. As it detects only fluorescent analytes (see chapter B5), successful detection depends on derivatization of the analytes eluted from the column before the addition of the chemiluminescence reagents. Figure D10.2 shows part of the post-column arrangements used for the determination of catecholamines by peroxy-oxalate chemiluminescence after reaction with ethylene diamine, which produces fluorescent derivatives. For simplicity, the arrangements for different temperatures in different parts of the system have not been shown.

##### References

* ↑ Gámiz-Gracia L, Garcia-Campaña A M, Huertas-Pérez J F and Lara F J, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, 640(1-2), 7-28.
* ↑ Tsunoda M and Imai K, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 541, 13-23.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/130
## Annotations

OMNIUM GATHERUM (Dog Latin) An omnium-gatherum is a confused collection of persons or things of various sorts, a hotchpotch. The expression is Dog Latin, comprising an imaginary neuter noun gatherum (a gathering) and the genitive plural omnium (of everyone).
on the shaughraun (Hiberno-English) Out of work. Shaughraun is an Anglicized form of the Irish seachrán, which means: wandering, straying; error, deception, delusion. Ar seachrán (On [the] shaughraun) can mean: wandering, astray, out of work.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 140.
* ↑ Dinneen (1934) 995.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/138
## Annotations

Fuit Ilium! (Latin) Troy has been! The quotation is from Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid 2:325:
Aeneid 2:325-326 :
| ...: We Trojans are no more, Ilium is no more, nor the great Glory of the Teucrians; | ...: fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum; |
Ilium is a Latinized form of Ilion (Ἴλιον), another name for the legendary city of Troy, whence the title of Homer's Iliad. The Trojans were sometimes known as Teucri (Teucrians) after Teucer, earliest ancestor of the Trojans.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 150. Thornton (1968) 126.
* ↑ Aeneid H. R. Fairclough's Translation
* ↑ Aeneid 3:104 ff.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/129
## Annotations

imperium (Latin) empire; imperial government. MacHugh is contrasting a spiritual empire with a political one.
matinée (French) A theatrical performance taking place in the afternoon. Lenehan, as usual, cannot resist using a French term, though matinée is now a naturalized English word.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 139. Imperium.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/134
## Annotations

ITALIA, MAGISTRA ARTIUM (Latin) Italy, Mistress of the Arts. There may be an allusion to the Master of Arts or Magister Artium, a postgraduate degree awarded by universities for excellence in the humanities. In the Middle Ages the arts in question were the Seven Liberal Arts, but new subjects were gradually added to the curriculum.
lex talionis (Latin) law of talion; law of retaliation in kind. The lex talionis is the Latin form of the Mosaic principle of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, in which the punishment inflicted upon a criminal is similar to the crime he committed.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 146.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 146. Thornton (1968) 123. Exodus 21:23-25
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/136
## Annotations

IMPROMPTU An improvisation; a composition created on the spot without preparation. Here, the reference is to Taylor's speech, which Professor Mac Hugh believes was unprepared.
# Canadian Criminal Law/Offences/Weapons Offences
## Introduction

Firearms and other weapon offences is set out in Part III of the Criminal Code.
Lawful possession of firearms is governed by the Firearms Act.
On April 5, 2012, the Long-Gun Registry was eliminated removing the requirement that non-restricted firearms be registered.

## Weapons-related Offences

* Use of Firearm in Commission of an Offence (85)
* Unsafe Storage of a Firearm (86)
* Pointing a Firearm (87)
* Possession of a Weapon for a Dangerous Purpose (88)
* Carrying a Concealed Weapon (90)
* Unauthorized Possession of a Firearm (91)
* Possession of Unauthorized Firearm (92)
* Possession of a Restricted or Prohibited Firearm (95)
* Weapons Trafficking (99, 100)
* Possession of a Weapon Contrary to an Order (117.01)