OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Basics

Shortcut: E
Ellipse selection is similar to the rectangle one. The only difference is the fact that it has one option less - rounded corners, as it is elliptical selection so for what. As the name suggests it is made for creating elliptical and circle selections, with optional high quality antialiasing.
   * Modes - determines the way of creating the selection, whether it'll be combined with existing one and such
   * Antialiasing - causes the boundary of the selection to be drawn smoother
   * Feather edge - causes the boundary of the selection to be blurred
   * Expand from centre - expands selection, using starting point as the centre, instead for the corner
   * Fixed - allows you to modify the actual shape of rectangle
   * Position - placement of the selection
   * Size - size of the selection
   * Highlight - highlights the actual selection, by darkening everything that surrounds it
   * Guides - select the types of guides shown within of selection
   * Auto Shrink - shrinks the selection to the nearest rectangular shape available on the image layer
   * Shrink merged - if this option is enabled, then Auto Shrink will use the pixel information from the visible display of the image, rather than from the active layer

## Modes, Antialiasing and Feather Edges

    See Selection Tools#Modes for information about Modes
    See Selection Tools#Antialiasing for information Antialiasing
    See Selection Tools#Feather Edges for information about Feather Edges option

## All other options

See Rectangle Selection for information about the tool as everything works completely (or almost completely) the same. The only difference is existence of rounded corners option in Rectangle Selection - there is no need for it here.
← Rectangle Selection · Free Selection →
# Cascading Style Sheets/How to Turn the Page
## How to Turn the Page

The starting Wiki code for this page was generated by the Wikipage wizard using this book config on Wednesday, June 27, 2012.
# Cascading Style Sheets/Index

This is an alphabetical index, of all important index keywords, including properties.

## A

* Alignment
** text-align
** vertical-align

## B

* background
* background-attachment
* background-color
* background-image
* background-position
* background-repeat
* Bold
* border
* border-bottom
* border-bottom-color
* border-bottom-style
* border-bottom-width
* border-collapse
* border-color
* border-left
* border-left-color
* border-left-style
* border-left-width
* border-right
* border-right-color
* border-right-style
* border-right-width
* border-spacing
* border-style
* border-top
* border-top-color
* border-top-style
* border-top-width
* border-width
* bottom
* Box model

## C

* caption-side
* clear
* Centering
** text-align
** vertical-align
* Class
* clip
* color
* cursor

## D

* direction

## E

* empty-cells

## F

* float
* font
* font-family
* font-size
* font-style
* font-variant
* font-weight

## H

* height
* Hyperlink

## I

* important
* Italics

## L

* left
* Lengths
* letter-spacing
* line-height
* list-style
* list-style-image#list-style-image
* list-style-position#list-style-position
* list-style-type#list-style-type

## M

* margin
* margin-bottom
* margin-left
* margin-right
* margin-top
* max-height
* max-width
* Media Types
* min-height
* min-width

## O

* Oblique
* outline
* outline-color
* outline-style
* outline-width
* orphans
* overflow

## P

* padding
* padding-bottom
* padding-left
* padding-right
* padding-top
* page-break-after
* page-break-before
* page-break-inside
* position
* Positioning

## Q

* quotes

## R

* right

## S

* Selector

## T

* Table
* table-layout
* text-align
* text-decoration
* text-indent
* text-transform
* top

## U

* unicode-bidi
* Units

## V

* vertical-align
* visibility

## W

* white-space
* width
* widows
* word-spacing

## Z

* z-index
# Cascading Style Sheets/Hacks and Filters
### Browser Specific Filters
## Firefox 3.0+ CSS Filter
#### Legacy Browser Hacks

All web browsers are not equal and different rendering of the same code, even if the code is validated, can destroy a web page's presentation. To work around this a large community of browser hacks has been developed. These hacks should be avoided at all cost because they may break one's code in other browsers or slow down performance. However sometimes it is impossible to avoid the use of all of these hacks.
Be aware that constant browser updates may cause hacks to not work in the future.
* Caio Hack — hides rules from Netscape 4, even 'inline' CSS
# Cascading Style Sheets/Hyperlinks

The a selector matches hyperlinks. There are the four pseudo-classes that are commonly used with it: link, visited, hover and active. Rules using these pseudo-classes should be given in this order so that the dynamic effects take precedence over the visited/unvisited state. The following example will display a link that is black, changes to green when the mouse is over it, and changes to pink when active (whilst the mouse is pressed over it).
When the mouse is over an unvisited link both the a:link selector and the a:hover selector are matched. Since the hover rule appears last its color declaration takes precedence over the link rule's color declaration. Since the hover rule does not alter the background property the result is green text on a gray background.
The :link and :visited pseudo-classes can only be used with the a selector. CSS2.1 allows the :hover and :active pseudo-classes to be used with other elements. However, Internet Explorer only allows :hover on anchor elements.
# Cascading Style Sheets/Hacks and Filters/Caio Hack

Caio Hack is a simple CSS comments-based hack used in 'inline' and 'external' CSS declarations to hide information from Netscape 4. This hack is named after Brazilian Caio Chassot, the person who accidentally discovered this peculiar behaviour in the Netscape browser.

## The problem with Netscape 4.x

The Netscape 4.x browser has had a reputation of having an extremely buggy CSS capability and support and as a result people discovered quirky functionalities within the CSS interpretor and used them as exploits in cross-browser CSS compatibility.

## How it works

The Caio Hack makes use of a rather peculiar behaviour in the browser's CSS comments' interpreter. Consider the following code:
To hide, for instance, the selector foo2, we would need to delimit it in the special comments as below:
Not just selectors, but individual properties can also be hidden from the NS4 engine.
# Cascading Style Sheets/Introduction

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) describe the visual style and presentation of a document, most commonly web sites. One purpose of CSS is to separate the presentation of a document from the structure and content (although it is possible to embed CSS within the structure as well). This separation is a W3C standard recommendation. Separation of style from structure and content increases maintainability for the author(s) of a document as well as accessibility for the audience. CSS is commonly applied to HTML, XHTML and XML documents, though it is possible, albeit rare, to apply it to other types of documents as well.
The styles described by CSS include the colors, fonts, layout, and other presentation aspects of a document. A single CSS file can describe a common style for many HTML, XHTML, and XML documents. Typically, a particular element in a XHTML file has a "cascade" of CSS style rules that can be applied to it. The highest priority style rule is applied to each element.

## Why use CSS?

CSS is a powerful tool that gives web designers flexibility and modularity in the presentation layer of a web site.
CSS allows you to have every format rule defined for later use (here "format" means how things appear). So if you are writing a large website and you want a consistent appearance for every title, sub-title, how examples of code appear, how paragraphs are aligned, etc. then CSS is the way to go.
Let's say you have a 1200 page website that took you months to complete. Then you decide to change the font, the size, the background, the appearance of tables, etc. everywhere on the site. If you engineered your site appropriately with CSS, you could do this by editing one linked CSS file that has all your appearance (format) rules in one place. If you had put the styles into the HTML, you would have to adjust each and every one of your 1200 HTML pages. By using CSS, changes can be made fast and easy simply by editing a few rules and lines in the global stylesheet. Before CSS, these changes were more difficult, expensive, and very time-consuming.
Some server-side template systems can largely be used for the same purpose. Unlike CSS, however, they most often separate the structure from the content and instead of separating the presentation from the structure. Such templates make it much more difficult for users to disable or ignore styling or use alternate structures for the same content.
# Fractals/other

Other ( not made by iteration) fractal types
* Real-world fractals
* Lyapunov fractal
* L-Systems
* Midpoint displacement algorithm , plasma fractals
* Diamond-square algorithm
* a limit set of a Kleinian group
** Apollonian fractals
* Fractal mountains
* IFS
* Flame fractals/
* cellular automata
* Strange attractors
* fractal-clusters or groups of circles
# Fractals/mandelbulber
## Images

* Category:Created with Mandelbulber in commons

## files
### JPG

The channels (color, zbuffer, alpha, diffusion, world, normal, stereoscopic) can be saved as compressed JPG file.

### PNG

The channels can be saved as lossless PNG (with(out) alpha channel) file.

### FRACT

Fractal parameters and settings can be saved as texteditor-readable fract file.

### EXR

The channels can be saved as EXR (with(out) linear colorspace) file.

### TIFF

The channels can be saved as TIFF (with(out) alpha channel) file.

### PLY

A fractal (with(out) colors) can be saved as PLY file.

### TXT

Settings can be saved as TXT file.

## Coloring methods

Coloring concerning the fractal can be varied in the material editor. Properties like luminosity, transparency, specular reflection, roughness, reflectivity and iridescence can be set.
# Field Remedies/Introduction

In many old stories, folk tales, and even fantasy games, many mystical figures from sages to witches to elves used odd concoctions of strange liquids and plant distillates to produce magical effects. Even though these are purely children's stories, all myths are in some way rooted in fact. Perhaps you can't bring the dead to life with a concoction of wolf's bane and mandrake; but you can cure a stomach ache with a light tea made from steeped ginger root.
The Field Remedies Wikibook is the documentation of just that. Any distillates, teas or other herbal remedies may be documented here, offering the valuable knowledge of simple remedies for a range of potential conditions. The information here should be generally useful, enriching, and enlightening to the serious study or casual Wikibooks browser.
Originally the title "Potionology" was chosen for this Wikibook for entertainment value; we also wanted to avoid the term "medicine," which implies greater authority than we care to claim. You should definitely seek medical attention for anything worse than a minor cold; don't try fixing that spreading green infection on your hand with a few herbs that you found listed in some online site. That being said, there is some valuable information contained within.
Once again, the Field Remedies Wikibook is meant to provide practical knowledge, not medical training; it is not a scientific or medical journal, and should not be taken as such. Factual accuracy and sometimes even safety are suspect throughout this Wikibook; although we'd like to try to keep things at least menially correct here. These remedies are likely not effective in treating serious conditions, and in some cases may be downright dangerous; please be mindful.

## How to Add Entries

When adding entries, be mindful of the following:
* Use a lot of references. If you claim something, make a reference to something else, such as Wikipedia. Use w: links, such as w:Green tea, to reference Wikipedia. Any claims made by your own experience should be noted, such as "in the experience of User:Bluefoxicy..."
* Be realistic. Don't put down that a mixture of garlic and wolfsbane will keep vampires away. That's just immature.
* Place warnings on dangerous pages. Certain things will cause nasty side effects, such as dangerous blood pressure increases from excess Licorice; this is dangerous and it needs to be noted that you can kill yourself this way. Don't tell someone to mess with Mandrake root without warning that just uprooting the plant can release a fatal cloud of narcotic gas, or that small doses can cause irreparable cases of death.
* Notate works in progress. It's perfectly okay to note that ingredient X has desired effect Y, but that you need another ingredient you can't yet find, or haven't found the right potency, or whatnot. Concoctions of various herbs are interesting.
# Field Guide/Wild Carrot

Wild Carrot (Queen Anne's Lace) :
| Image ||
| Location ||
| Habitat | Fields, grassy area, roadsides |
| Range | Most of North America and Europe |
| Flowers ||
| Color | Small and white, atop flat umbel; central flower pink or purple |
| Umbel | 15 cm. (6 in.) across, flat-top |
| Flowering | May–September |
| Notes | Umbels curl inward in older plants |
| Stems ||
| Description | Lacy-leafed |
| Texture | Smooth |
| Leaves ||
| Description | Lacy blades; 5–15 cm. wide (2-6 in.); Pinnate |
| Width | 5–15 cm. wide (2-6 in.) |
| Fruit ||
| Description | Oval with very small barbed prickles |
# Field Guide/Wildflowers/Amazon Rainforest

There are thousands of different flowers in the Amazon rainforest.
# Field Guide/Wildflowers/Western Europe and the British Isles
## A

* Alpine Forget-me-not

## B

* Bilberry
* Bindweed (Field Bindweed, Possession Vine)
* Bird's Foot Trefoil
* Bittersweet (Bitter Nightshade, Fellonwort, Poisonberry, et al.)
* Brown Beak-sedge

## C

* Carnation Sedge
* Common Dandelion
* Common Skullcap
* Cow Clover
* Creeping Lady's Tresses
* Creeping Thistle

## D

* Devilsfoot Scabious
* Dodder
* Dog Violet

## E

* English Daisy

## F

* Field Milkvetch
* Fringed Water Plantain
* Fewflower Spikerush
* Field Mouse-ear
* False Lily of the Valley (May Lily)

## G

* Golden Yarrow

## H

* Heartleaved Bittercress
* Hoary Cress (White Top)
* Hog Potato (Camote de Raton)

## I

* Indian Pink

## J

* Jackass Clover

## K

* Kinnikinnick (Bearberry)

## M

* Morning Glory

## N

* Narrow Goldenrod
* Nuttall's Pussytoes

## O

* Orange Sneezeweed (Owlclaws)

## P

* Pondweed
* Purple Prairie Clover

## R

* Red Clover
* Roundleaved Sundew

## S

* Scotch Broom (Common Broom)
* Shepherd's Purse
* Showy Milkweed
* Snakeweed (Matchweed, Matchbush, Broomweed, Turpentine Weed)
* Southern Adderstongue
* Spreading Fleabane
* Strawberry Clover
* Sweet Fennel
* Sweet-scented Heliotrope

## T

* Tawny Sedge
* Threadleaf Groundsel

## V

* Vanilla Grass

## W

* Water Hemlock
* Watercress
* Western Marsh Orchid
* White Deadnettle
* White Clover
* White Rhododendron
* White Sweet Clover
* Wild Garlic (Ramsons)
* Wild Tulip
* Windflower
* Wood Anemone
* Wood Forget-me-not

## Y

* Yarrow (Milfoil)
# Field Remedies
## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Healing remedies
* Strength enhancement
* Appendix
** Preparation

## Medical Disclaimer

Wikibooks contains books on many medical topics; however, no warranty whatsoever is made that any of the books are accurate. There is absolutely no assurance that any statement contained or cited in a book touching on medical matters is true, correct, precise, or up-to-date. The overwhelming majority of such books are written, in part or in whole, by nonprofessionals. Even if a statement made about medicine is accurate, it may not apply to you or your symptoms.
The medical information provided on Wikibooks is, at best, of a general nature and cannot substitute for the advice of a medical professional (for instance, a qualified doctor/physician, nurse, pharmacist/chemist, and so on). Wikibooks is not a doctor.
None of the individual contributors, system operators, developers, sponsors of Wikibooks nor anyone else connected to Wikibooks can take any responsibility for the results or consequences of any attempt to use or adopt any of the information presented on this web site.
Nothing on Wikibooks.org or included as part of any project of Wikimedia Foundation Inc., should be construed as an attempt to offer or render a medical opinion or otherwise engage in the practice of medicine.
# Field Remedies/Healing remedies

There are many healing remedies which can be sought by distilling certain plants.

## List of remedies
### Nausea

Mild to severe stomach aches and nausea can be easily corrected.
* Ginger tea
While mild nausea may be corrected with small sips of ginger tea (or flat ginger ale), You should give it in tablespoon size amounts every five mnutes. This is important to minimize the chance of vomiting. Continue clear liquids only for 4 hours. If vomiting continues despite this regimen, evaluation by a health care professional is advisable. Dehydration or electrolyte imbalance could occur and have dire consequences.
Mild stomach pain can often be managed at home especially if it is intermittent and associated with nausea or diarrhea. However it can also have a more serious cause. If stomach pain interferes with your normal activity, is constant rather than intermittent, or lasts more than than two hours, you need to be evaluated by a medical professional. Sooner then two hours if very painful. Possibilities include but are not limited to: infection of almost any abdominal organ, appendicitis, pancreatitis, liver disease, severe constipation (NEVER attempt to self treat severe somach pain with laxatives!) plus many other possible diseases. Seek a professional's advice or care and do not risk your life or well being by attempting to treat severe pain at home.

### Infections

There are certain configurations that may help heal from infections. These may increase immune response or simply dampen certain diseases.
* Licorice
# Field Guide/Wildflowers

* Western US and Canada
* Eastern US and Canada
* Western Europe and the British Isles
* Eastern Europe
* Alpine Region
* Scandinavia
* Australia and New Zealand
* Mexico and Central America
* Caribbean
* Northern South America
* Amazon Rainforest
* Southern South America
* Andean Region
* India
* Japan
* Indonesia and Malaysia
* Middle East
* North Africa
* Southern Africa
* West Africa
* Horn of Africa
* Siberia
* Central Asia
* Caucasus
# Chess/The Endgame/King and Queen vs. King

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Delivering checkmate with a king and queen against a lone king is quite easy. The basic technique involves driving the king to the edge of the board, which the queen can do by herself. It's faster if you use your king and queen together, but this increases the probability of a stalemate, so beginners should do it without the king. The technique described below will accomplish the mate in about 10 to 15 moves.
Here's an example (see diagram on right):
1.Qb5
Cutting the black king off along the fifth rank.
1...Ke6
1...Kc7 2.Qa6 limits Black's king to the last two ranks.
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2.Qc5 (see diagram)
During this phase, notice how White's queen always stays a knight's move away from the black king, and how no checks are necessary (or even desirable). Moves like 2.Qc6+? only allow Black's king more freedom after 2...Ke5.
2...Kf6 3.Qd5 Kg6 4.Qe5 Kf7
After 4...Kh6 5.Qg3 White's goal has been achieved: the black king is trapped on the edge. White will then bring his king to f6 to force mate.
5.Qd6 Kg7 6.Qe6 Kh7
Black's king is forced to the edge of the board no matter what he does, e.g. 6...Kf8 7.Qd7.
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7.Qg4 Kh6 8.Kb2 (see diagram)
Now that Black's king is stuck, the white monarch comes in to finish off his adversary.
8...Kh7 9.Kc3
9.Qg5 doesn't spoil anything, but it isn't necessary. Unlike the king and rook vs. king mate, here Black's king doesn't have to be trapped in the corner.
9...Kh8 10.Kd4
10.Qg6?? stalemate was what Black was hoping for. Beware of this trap!
10...Kh7 11.Ke5 Kh8 12.Kf6 Kh7 13.Qg7#.
A detailed analysis of this endgame based on the computer-generated database is in Analysis of KQK Endgame. This shows that for any "King and Queen vs. King" endgame, white to move can force checkmate in at most ten moves.
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# Chess/The Endgame/Rook and Minor Piece Endings
## Arabian Mate

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## Rook, knight, and bishop checkmate

This checkmate came up during the so-called "Game of the Century" between Donald Byrne and Bobby Fischer.
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