OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Structural Biochemistry/Polarity
## The Structure of Water

Water consists of two hydrogen atoms connected with one oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms are connected to the oxygen in a covalent bond manner by sharing two electrons together. The structure of oxygen is that surrounding it there is the presence of two unpaired electrons. Oxygen is significantly more electronegative than Hydrogen, meaning that has a greater tendency to attract electrons.

## Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding

As a result of this uneven distribution of electron density, water is polar. Both of the hydrogens have a partial positive(Delta+) and oxygen has a partial negative (Delta-) due to oxygen holding the shared electrons closer to itself and away from hydrogen. This attraction between the partial positive and partial negative creates what is known as a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonding only occurs when hydrogen is bonded with electronegative atoms such as oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen, so this type of a bond is very unique. The oxygen carrying partial negative charge can form hydrogen bonds with two neighboring hydrogen atoms and each hydrogen atoms in the water molecule can form one hydrogen bond with other electronegative atoms. So typically each molecule of water is able to bond with four of the neighbors in the proximity to form what is known as a tetrahedron network.
Indissolubility of molecules and ions in water because of its polarity. Another unique characteristic of water resulting from hydrogen bonding is that water is lighter in the solid state. The reason for that is because the hydrogen bonds keep water molecules in certain distance away from each other when water freeze. When water is in liquid state, hydrogen bonds form and break, then reform again constantly in the space. Making the density of water higher in liquid state.
In fact, water is extremely polar solution because it has the polar O-H bond. Given that oxygen has an extremely high electron affinity compared to hydrogen, oxygen will tend to pull the electrons away from the hydrogen atoms in the molecule. The massive polarity of the O-H bond is the result of this electron affinity.
# TeX/copy
## Description

\copyN copies the content of box register N. The old contents remain.
# TeX/count
## Description

<number> is an integer from 0 to 255. For each <number>, \count<number> is a register that can hold an integer value. A \count register can be set to <integer> with the above form.
Various arithmetic operations can be performed on the \count registers; see \advance, \multiply, and \divide.

## Examples

Uses of the \count registers include keep track of section and equation numbering.
# TeX/chardef
## Description

Equivalent of \def\<name>{\char<charcode>}
# TeX/closein
## Description

Closes an additional input file, described by its number from 0 to 15. See also \openin, \read and \newread.
# TeX/cr
## Description

End of an alignment line in \halign. Or end of a table row too (not sure but if it helps somebody, then good)

## See also

* TeX/crcr
# TeX/cleaders
## Description

The contents of <object> (\hbox, \vbox, \vrule or \hrule) will be repeated as often as the following <skip> determines.
# TeX/closeout
## Description

Closes an additional output file, described by its file id, which is a number between 0 and 15. See also \openout, \write and \newwrite.
# TeX/countdef
## Description

Defines a symbolic name for a count register (0..255). For instance, plain TeX defines \countdef\pageno=0.
# The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Compton AF
## Compton, Alwyne Frederick
### “North Bedfordshire” (Spy), April 3, 1902

Born in the year of the Crimean War, he is naturally warlike; as he has shown in the Bedfordshire Yeomanry (of which he is Major) and in the House of Commons (to which he was returned by the Biggleswadians of Bedfordshire some years ago). For he has served with Compton’s Horse in South Africa, and has earned Mention in Despatches in spite of the fact that he is the third son of the fourth Marquess of Northampton. Naturally, of course, he joined the Foot Guards when he left Eton; and thence he migrated to the 10th Hussars and served in the Soudan Campaign of 1884-5 (when he got a Medal and a Star). As a wholesome Unionist, he began his political life by turning out the great G.W.R. (author of “Chestnuts”) from the representation of the Biggleswade onions [sic]; but between whiles he turned his sword into a Stock Exchange Year-Book, and still pervades Capel Court when not legislating for Bedfordshire. It is true that he does not often address Mr. Speaker, but, being goaded into action by the Leader of the House on the Vote of Censure, he lately read an edifying speech to the alleged Leader of the Opposition. He occasionally attends the Service Members’ Committee, though he is not always in time for Prayers; he cultivates a malmaison in his buttonhole, and he is the husband of a sportsman’s daughter.
Alwyne Frederick Compton (1855-1911) rowed in the Trial Eights at Eton with J.E. Bankes in 1872. In 1877, he rowed No. 3 for the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards in the Grand with H.F. Eaton and Alexander Fuller-Acland-Hood.
He lost his Parliamentary seat in 1906 but was returned in 1910 for the Brentford Division of Middlesex, only to resign a short time later for ill health.
# Reaktor/Modules/Signal Path
## Signal Path Modules

* Selector/Scanner
* Relay 1,2
* Crossfade
* Distributor/Panner
* Stereo Pan
* Amp/Mixer
* Stereo Amp/Mixer
# Reaktor/Modules/Snap Value
## Comments

* Snap Value saves its value on shut-down / start-up
# Reaktor/Modules/Step Filter

The step filter updates its output value only if the input value changed by a significant amount, specified by the threshold input. Incoming values thus update in "steps".
Sometimes a reaktor module sends out a lot of events with the same value, which you can't really see. In the case you want to trigger something each time the output changes its value, you have to use a stepfilter with a threshold of 0 to filter out the events with the same value.
# Reaktor/Modules/Substract

You can subtract signals or numbers in Reaktor with this module. subtraktion: $2-1=1$
# Reaktor/Modules/Subtract

You can subtract signals or numbers in Reaktor with this module. subtraction: $36-11=25$
36 is subtracted by 11 to get 25.
How to use column subtraction?
Example:
${\begin{aligned}{36}\\{\underline {-11}}\\{25}\end{aligned}}$
    ${\begin{aligned}{36}\\{5}\\{\underline {-11}}\\{20}\end{aligned}}$
    ${\begin{aligned}{36}\\{11}\\{\underline {-5}}\\{20}\end{aligned}}$
# Reaktor/Modules/Selector/Scanner
## Comments

* The difference between the Selector and Router is that when you change the Selector to a new position, it sends whatever value was last received there (even if it's not currently being received) - while changing the position on the Router only "opens that pathway" to allow something new to pass though (nothing is sent until new values arrive at that input).
* Selector module can be used to scale values from 0..1 range to any other range, defined by two input values, e.g. -10..40. See thread on User Forum
# Reaktor/Modules/Send

* The maximum number of Send modules in one instrument 128. From Leviathan User's Guide and Event Logic tutorial v2.0, page 30
* Send module can send audio and events within instument (not between different instruments). In comparison, the IC Send module can make cableless event connection within ensemble (i.e. between instruments)
# Reaktor/Modules/Sequencer
## Sequencer Modules

* 6-Step
* 8-Step
* 12-Step
* 16-Step
* Multiplex 16
# Reaktor/Modules/Snapshot
## Comments

* Snapshot Recall and Store ports won't always fire on switch pressing. They only fire when they should (ie when a snap is recalled or stored respectively)
# Reaktor/Modules/Square Root

Square root is the invert function of power. Example: ${\sqrt {16}}\ =4,4^{2}=16,{\sqrt {16}}\ =16^{1/2}$ , where ${\sqrt {4^{2}}}\ =4$ So in general: ${\sqrt {x}}\ =x^{1/2},{\sqrt[{n}]{x^{n}}}=x$
# The Computer Revolution/Application Software

Application Software
We all have some type of application software installed on our computers. Most of us don't even realize that these programs are called application software. Any program that enables you to do some specific task is considered application software. These tasks can range from writing an essay for an English class, playing games on your computer or creating spreadsheets and PowerPoint presentations. Application software can be considered commercial, shareware, freeware or free software (which are all defined in different sections of this wikibook). A program like Microsoft Word, is type of application software called word-processing software. Microsoft Excel is a type of spreadsheet application software. Microsoft Access is considered a type of database application software and Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation graphics application software. When all of these types of programs are bundled together, it's referred to as a software suite. An example of one of these is Microsoft Office, which includes all 4 programs listed above. Application software is not limited to the types of programs listed above. It can include the programs that enable you to listen to music on your computer and view web pages.
Reference: Morely, Deborah, and Charles Parker. Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow. Boston: Course Technology, 2011. Print.
Application software dedicates itself to specific tasks. There are different types of application software:
* Word-processing software: This type of software allows users to create or edit documents; examples of these are LibreOffice Writer, Microsoft Word and Notepad.
* Database software: This software enables users to have a structured collection of data, like Oracle, LibreOffice Base and Microsoft Access.
* Spreadsheet software: This software allows users to create spreadsheet containing mathematical calculations or formulas, like LibreOffice Calc and Microsoft Excel.
* Multimedia software: Application software like VLC, Media Player or RealPlayer allows users create or edit music/video files.
* Presentation software: This software allows users to create and edit presentations, and users are can also present slideshows, most commonly known is Microsoft PowerPoint and LibreOffice Impress.
Reference: Oak, Manali. “Different Types of Application Software” Buzzle. 24 Nov. 2011 http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-application-software.ht
# The Computer Revolution/Artificial Intelligence/AI use in business
## AI use in business

Banks usually use artificial intelligence systems to mange their properties and their daily operations. A medical clinic use artificial intelligence systems to organize bed schedules, make a staff rotation, and to provide medical information. Robots have also become more and more useful in many industries. They can do some jobs like people did before, but more accurately and efficiently.
# The Complete Encyclopedia of Self-Help Techniques/Hypnotherapy

Self hypnosis: therapy steps into getting started
/For self hypnosis therapy use a script./think write goals to achieve.//think write your reason to start a program for self hypnosis.///
1.enter your hypnosis therapy close your eyes of course get comfortable and just put your mind to sleep relax rid of any stress, anxiety or fear of past or future thought. Take deep slow breathing enter nose exit mouth. Keep your mind awake in deep thoughts. Now think how your vision of a perfect life without no negativity would be put yourself vision this and keep visioning thinking about that perfect life and how you got there in mechanical steps and how you are feeling like you are on top and financially free, sickness free.do this for about 15 minutes continuously over again. Don't overwhelmed yourself 2 significant changes are fine but thought as a whole collection is imperative that your already there as a whole mind and being perceptively.
2. Pray for forgiveness to any wrong you've done and pray for your god to guide you tell your god that your sacrifices are only to higher being on this life to learn and live eternal after this life.
3. Take slow and deep breathes enter nose exit mouth. Imagine all bad from your written list has been exited and your transformed to your perfect being you want. Tell yourself that you will be in hypnosis only for this only and nothing else after awake.
4. Now awake open your eyes, stand up and continue your physical day. Finish your daily self help hypnosis therapy written notes.
# The Complete Encyclopedia of Self-Help Techniques/Neuro-Linguistic Programming

Nero-Linguistic Programming or NLP is a form of mental therapy with a large number of scientific detractors. Many have also proposed its use as a sales or persuasion technique.
# The Complete Encyclopedia of Self-Help Techniques/Reiki
### Reiki

Reiki (霊気, /ˈreɪki/) is a Japanese form of energy healing, a type of alternative medicine. Reiki practitioners use a technique called palm healing or hands-on healing through which a "universal energy" is said to be transferred through the palms of the practitioner to the patient in order to encourage emotional or physical healing.
Reiki is a pseudoscience, and is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. It is based on qi ("chi"), which practitioners say is a universal life force, although there is no empirical evidence that such a life force exists.
Clinical research does not show reiki to be effective as a treatment for any medical condition, including cancer, diabetic neuropathy, anxiety or depression; therefore it should not replace conventional medical treatment. There is no proof of the effectiveness of reiki therapy compared to placebo. Studies reporting positive effects have had methodological flaws.
# The Computer Revolution/Artificial Intelligence/Around The Home

There are currently a few great products that utilize artificial intelligence for home use. Many monotonous chores can be replaced by such technologies and give the individual more time to pursue other activities.

## Robot Vacuum

One such product is the robotic vacuum made by IRobot. This vacuum will automatically release itself from itself charging craddle and proceed to automatically vacuum your carpet or hardwood floors. One charge is good for 45min of vacuuming and it will let you know when it needs to be emptied out. A similar product by the same manufacturer will wash your hardwood floors. With the use of sensors and infrared tracking beams it will avoid carpets and will cover a 12 foot by 12 foot kitchen in 45 min. There is also an industrial version of this used in warehouses and industry shops. Needless to say that this is just a sure sign of great things to come with the implementation of AI being used to make jobs easier.

## RoboMower®

RoboMower® is as the name implies. It is a robotic lawn mower that actually does the mowing for you. The charger station is also set up so that your mower is charged. This mower comes supplied with a wires and pegs and a charger station. Set up your charger station to make sure your mower is powered up and ready to go. Next, you lay the wire and pegs around the perimeter of your lawn. Sensors in the mower make sure the mower does not but your neighbors lawn as well. The idea is that the wire sinks into the lawn and becomes unnoticable. The Romomower crisscrosses the lawn to make sure the whole lawn is as short as you like it. All you need to do next is set the schedule of operation (which can be rescheduled any time) and let your dog chase it around all summer long (not recommended for safety reasons though).
Reference:http://www.friendlyrobotics.com/robomow/howitworks/ January 16, 2007

## Robo pets

Another application of Artificial Intelligence around the home can be found in the increasing number of "Robo pets" that are being marketed to a market segment in search of a low maintenance relationship. While this sector is still in the earliest stages of development, some of these toys, like Tamagotchis(little egg-shaped virtual pets that require constant care and nurturing in order to be kept alive), have had a great success. Another example is the AIBO dog developed by Sony a few years ago having seeing eyes and stereo ears. It has programmed emotions and can recognize words as it "grows". Researchers are now trying to develop a pet prototype that would be sensitive to human emotions.
# The Complete Encyclopedia of Self-Help Techniques/Anti-Depressants
## Why might this help?

If you suffer from a low mood that is affecting your ability to work and/or enjoy life, Anti-depressants may be able to help.

## How do I get them?

Antidepressants can only be prescribed by a GP, Physician or Doctor, and are likely to be included with some sort of talking therapy. Higher doses are usually only available with the supervision of a Psychiatrist.

## How do they work?

They effect chemicals in the brain to do with transferring information, however they are not completely understood. Basically this theory of depression involves the chemicals not having time to be transferred before they are recycled; so anti-depressants prevent them being recycled for a while longer.
Because the brain takes time to get used to the tablet's effect, it can take up to a month before they work properly. You can feel very tired over this month. This is because the brain isn't used to the flood of chemicals the medication results in, so it needs to adjust.

## How do I use them?

Antidepressants are usually taken once or twice a day with a drink (preferably with water). There are no other steps, although you do need to make sure you take it at the same time everyday, or it may leave you feeling funny for a few days.

## User Reviews

(Please finish review with four tildes. If you wish to remain anonymous, sign out and leave your review, then sign back in again. Discussion of the page content should be made on the discussion page, not here!).
I have been on and off of anti-depressants for nearly 6 years. They were prescribed to me when I was misdiagnosed with depression, and led to a worsening of my symptoms of Bipolar Disorder. I feel they have had no help other than making me addicted to them, as it is very difficult to come off them without side effects. Better effects to my life were only made after different lifestyle changes. However, anti-depressants are the most tested medication you can get, and are approved by the medical community. Rating: 2/5 Gwatts88 (talk) 18:06, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
* ↑ An antidepressant is a type of medication that is used to treat people with mood disorders including depression. There are different types of antidepressant such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Antidepressants work to improve the mood. Doctors think that when someone is depressed, the chemicals in their brain are not working properly. In theory, antidepressants balance these chemicals, lifting the depression.
# The Computer Revolution/Artificial Intelligence/ASIMO

ASIMO is a humanoid robot which can simulate the motions of the human body. ASIMO is designed by the Honda corporation and has been under development since 1986. ASIMO initially started off as a set of legs to simulate walking and since than has come under change into a complete robot with legs, a core unit, arms and head.
ASIMO moves through the use of a Prediction Movement Control system. This system allows ASIMO to anticipate its next step and even shifts its center of gravity to maintain balance; these adjustments can all occur within real time. Although ASIMO’s legs are important, they are not the only part which enables ASIMO to move dynamically. The hips which ASIMO uses are specially designed to flex for quick adjustments in movements.
Other functions of ASIMO include climbing stairs, face recognition, voice recognition and the ability to grasp objects. All of these functions have been developed over years of modification to ASIMO. The current development is the ability for ASIMO to run and maintain balance. Even though the pace of the run is quite slow compared to a person, ASIMO can run at a pace of 5.9 miles per hour.
The future of ASIMO is further development into complete dynamic movements along with prolonged battery life. ASIMO is expected within the next thirty to forty years to be released to the public for everyday use and assistance. Already ASIMO has been incorporated into specific companies and museums as greeters, and has made its way over into North, where it currently is involved in a fifteen-minute show that introduces ASIMO to people and the benefits of ASIMO’s capabilities.
# The Computer Revolution/Artificial Intelligence/Genetic Algorithms

Genetic Algorithms- an AI system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.
Genetic Algorithms use 3 concepts of evolution:
* Selection or the survival of the fittest. The key to selection is to give preference to better outcomes.
* Crossover or combining portions of good outcomes in the hope of creating an even better outcome
* Mutation or randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome.
Genetic Algorithms are best suited to decision-making environments in which thousands, or perhaps millions, of solutions are possible. Genetic algorithms can find and evaluate solutions intelligently and can get through many more possibilities more thoroughly and faster than a human can.
# The Computer Revolution/Artificial Intelligence/Translators

Reserved Group 6

## Introduction

There are many resources you can use when you need a word translated for you. The internet is always a good source for sites, but if you require one for on the go, you may purchase different types of translator from stores or offline places such as Ebay. When you purchase a translator check and see if the translator you purchased is capable of translating in the language of your choice.

## Types
### pocket

There are pocket translators such as the PDAs, or the Yishen888(Super). There are many options to choose from with the ability to translate multiple languages. These translators can cost at least $100 CDN. The TG470Plus can translate phrses in 12 different languages is around $100 CDN.

### Online

Many sites that are able to provide free translation. There are sites such as babelfish, and of course freetranslations.com. The easiest way to find sites is just to search for translators through any search engine.
Free online multilingual translation software for English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish languages. This is another great link for translation.
www.translation2.paralink.com

## Weakness

Translators as helpful as they are some obstacles that they need to overcome. When dealing with slang and idioms, translators are unsure of what the saying is really suppose to be so they often choose words that can confuse an origional saying. There is also a problem, that I have encountered, is the grammar from online sites. I have most commonly seen people trusting sites to translate perfectly, but have problems when it comes to the grammar. Hopefully someone can figure out how to overcome these problems so it is easier.