OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minecraft resource gathering/Sandstone
## Location

Sandstone is a block that can either be found in the desert or created by crafting. Sandstone is found 2-4 layers below the sand of a desert and on the frames of wells, desert temples and some desert village houses.

## Crafting

Sandstone is crafted by putting 4 sand in a square like how you would with a crafting table.
For more information on how to get sand (to craft sandstone) visit the page on sand.

## Usage

Unlike sand, sandstone does not fall in Minecraft, typically making it a better choice for permanent structures. Common techniques include using sandstone as the roof of a house.
# Minecraft resource gathering/Nether Wart

Nether wart naturally generates in nether fortresses. It requires soul sand to grow.
# Minecraft resource gathering/Preface

This book is intended to give instructions on the best ways to gather resources, like diamonds, in Minecraft.

## Versions

The book isn’t meant to be version specific. It gives info regarding older versions as well. For example, the page about diamonds will describe the best strategies for mining diamonds both prior to the Caves and Cliffs update and after.
# Minecraft resource gathering/Sculk

Sculk is a new Minecraft resource added in 1.19. You can get Sculk in 1 of 2 ways:
* Going to the Deep Dark and mining it with a Silk Touch pickaxe.
* Killing a Warden to get a Sculk Catalyst, then killing mobs near the Sculk Catalyst.
# Minecraft resource gathering/Snow

Snow occurs naturally in frozen biomes, and forms from snowfall in cold and frozen biomes. A shovel is required to collect snowballs, and Silk Touch is required for snow blocks. You can craft snow blocks using 4 snow balls.
Snow Golems produce snow wherever they walk, as long as they are in cold, frozen, or neutral biomes. If you are near a river, then you can build a Snow Golem inside an enclosed space, and continuously shovel the snow out from under the golem.
# Minecraft resource gathering/Netherite
## Acquisition
### Crafting

Netherite is something that can not be found by mining, but gotten by crafting. 4 ancient debris and 4 gold in a crafting table creates a netherite ingot and like other ores, an ingot in every slot creates a block.

### Bastions

Netherite can sometimes be found in bastion chests.

### Use

You use 1 netherite ingot on a smithing table with a diamond tool, weapon, or armor to get a netherite version, keeping enchantments and durability percetage. Netherite items have higher protection, attack, durability, and enchantibility than diamond.

## Notes

Netherite is a fictional material made specifically for Minecraft, and has no real world counterparts.
# Minecraft resource gathering/Redstone

You can find Redstone underground at y-level 32 or below. You must mine it with an Iron-tier or higher pickaxe or it will not drop anything. It will drop 4-8 Redstone Dust, which can be used for redstone cirucits.
Witches also drop up to six peices redstone Dust.
Redstone Dust can be used on a brewing stand with most potions to make the potion last longer.
# Minecraft resource gathering/Obsidian

Obsidian is a block formed by flowing water coming into contact with lava. It can only be mined with a diamond or netherite pickaxe, and cannot be blown up by TNT.

## Methods of obtaining
### Overworld

Obsidian occurs naturally in caves and ravines, when a waterfall comes into contact with lava. The player can create obsidian by pouring a bucket of water over the lava.
Obsidian generates as part of ruined portals, woodland mansions, and sometimes ocean ruins. It is also found in the chest loot for ruined portals and village weaponsmiths.
Obsidian is created when a player opens a nether portal from the Nether.

### Nether

Obsidian generates as part of ruined portals, and in the chest loot for ruined portals, bastion remnants, and Nether fortresses.
Obsidian is created when a player opens a nether portal from the Overworld.
Piglins have a chance of bartering obsidian when given gold.

### End

Obsidian generates as part of the pillars on the main End island, and in End cities.
Obsidian is created as part of the platform that generates when a player enters the End.

## Usage

Obsidian has three main uses:
* Explosion-proof structures
* Nether portals
* Enchanting tables
# Minecraft resource gathering/Sand
## Introduction

Sand is a common material and is one of few materials that fall when there is no blocks underneath it. This unique property makes sand somewhat dangerous to collect, but also an invaluable material when constructing some features.

## Locations

Sand can be found in deserts, but more commonly (in less amounts though) beaches and small patches around the world or in small rivers.

## Uses

Sand is a key component in Sandstone. Sand can also be melted in a furnace to create glass. Sand can also be used to make TNT, which you can blow things up with.
# Introduction to Crochet/A set of coasters

Coasters are one of the simplest crochet projects to make.

## Materials

* Size G hook
* Cotton yarn in two colors

## Procedure

* Chain 16 stitches.
* Single crochet each row(on the first row ,crochet your first stitch into the second chain)until the item is square, about 18 rows.
* Switch to contrasting color. Half double crochet around the entire border.
* Work in loose ends.
Repeat until the desired number of coasters are complete.
The pictured example is displayed in a paper mache box. For a simpler way to complete the project as a gift, make a long chain stitch in the border color and use it to tie together the coasters in a bow.
# Introduction to Cost Models

Programming language constructs might have particular asymptotic complexities, which programmers should know, to produce efficient algorithms. In other words, even though an algorithm has some specific, well-known, computational cost, its implementation can have higher complexity, due to an implicit cost model that is part of that languages runtime environment. Furthermore, some programming languages miss features that might complicate the implementation of efficient algorithms. For instance, it will be hard to implement Bucket Sort without random access data structures. These minutia concern an aspect of programming languages' implementation that we call cost models.
In this chapter we will look into four cost models. The first concerns the use of lists in programming languages that follow the Lisp model. The second cost model concerns the invocation of functions in languages that support recursion. After that, we look into Prolog's unification model, trying to reason about the factors that cause unification to be more or less efficient. Finally, we discuss languages that support arrays, which are random access data structures.
← Unification · List Cost Model →
# Lesson 10.1: Future tense

The future tense is formed by adding the word θα before the verb:
| Θα κάνει ζέστη αύριο. | It will be hot tomorrow. |
Combining θα with the present tense gives the future continuous (εξακολουθητικός μέλλοντας, exakolouthitikos melondas, "future imperfect"), which implies that the action will continue, perhaps indefinitely:
| Θα καθαρίζω το σπίτι. | I will be cleaning the house. |
If we instead use the aorist stem, we have the future simple (στιγμιαίος μέλλοντας, stigmieos melondas, "future instantaneous"), which implies that the action will only happen once:
| Θα καθαρίσω το σπίτι. | I will clean the house (at a certain time). |
# Lesson 10.2: The Continuous Future
## Type I
## Summary

* We have learnt TBC

## Exercises

Now try the exercises here.
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Modern Greek/Lesson plan

The lessons shall focus on practical usage of Greek. According to the Bite-sized Language Lessons approach, not more than 15 mandatory new words shall be introduced per lesson, however there can be large sections of optional vocabulary that won't be required for the later lessons. The grammar section shall also be short and not introduce too much at once. Only use grammar terms if you have to or in such a way that the average person can understand the explanation even without having heard the term before.
Lessons and contents:
* Greetings and "How are you?" conversation. Grammar: είμαι, είσαι and/or είστε; forming questions: yes/no questions and question-word (πως) questions.
* Introducing yourself: name, nationality, profession... Grammar: the definite article (Nominative only). -ος and -α or -η (not both, to avoid confusion), possibly also -ο, as endings of names, nouns and adjectives.
* Introducing others / talking about others' situation. Maybe add sentence structure like "Είμαι απο την..." or "Είναι στο ...". the word μου to allow for a more interesting conversation. Grammar: the remaining forms of είμαι. δεν if it hasn't been introduced so far. Plural Nominative of adjectives if unavoidable.
* Talking about your hobbies or the languages you can speak. Grammar: a maximum of 3 forms of regular present tense, 1st or 2nd conjugation regular active, no Aorist.
* Talking about the weather. Grammar: the rest of regular present tense
* Asking for the way. Grammar: υπαρχει, indefinite articles
* In a cafe. Grammar: Accusative singular, maybe low numbers
* Shopping for fruit or the like. Grammar: Accusative plural, numbers
* Asking for / Telling the time. Grammar: numbers to 12 or 30.
* Regular activities. Days of the week, more about the time, κάθε
* A day in the life of ... . Grammar: regular reflexive / "mediopassive" verbs
* Asking somebody out. Grammar: Aorist
* Writing a post card or a letter home. Grammar: past tense.
This is not 100% definite yet, the order may have to be changed or new lessons inserted if there is too much of a jump in vocabulary / grammar from one lesson to the next. Particularly the later lessons are more of a rough estimate of how to use an aspect of grammar in a practical situation than. However, the content of the first few lessons is fairly confirmed and the others can only be confirmed once the previous ones have been written.
# Lesson 10.3: Future Perfect

Future Perfect is another future tense, which is formed with the word θα preceding the Perfect tense and signifies that in a moment in the future, an action will be a thing of the past. Its Greek name is συντελεσμένος μέλλοντας (syndelesmenos mellondas) and it is equivalent to the Future Perfect in English.
Note that in Greek there is no equivalent to the Future Perfect Continuous tense. Both meanings are expressed with Future Perfect and usually the actual nuance is derived from the neighboring words.
Due to the lack of Future Perfect Continuous, very often the phrase is changed to Future Continuous.
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Modern Greek/Lesson 11.1x
## Subjunctive

The subjunctive has two forms according to the aspect being perfective or imperfective:
Perfective Aspect:
| να καλέσω | να καλέσουμε |
| να καλέσεις | να καλέσετε |
| να καλέσει | να καλέσουν |
The perfective aspect uses the aorist stem, which can be one of -ησ-,-ασ-,-εσ.
Imperfective Aspect:
| να καλώ | να καλούμε |
| να καλείς | να καλείτε |
| να καλεί | να καλούν |
The imperfective subjunctive is conjugated exactly like the present tense (with the addition of να)
Examples:
| Θέλω να σε καλέσω στα γενέθλιά μου φέτος | I want to invite you to my birthday (party) this year. (perfective) |
| Πρέπει να με καλείς κάθε χρόνο, όχι μόνο φέτος | You should invite me every year, not only this year. (imperfective) |
# Modern Greek/Lesson 2x

This is the second lesson teaching you how to read, write and pronounce Greek. In the last lesson, you have already learned the letters alpha, iota, kappa, omicron, tau and rho. Now, we will slowly build on those, so that you can read more words. At the end of this lesson you will find the translations of the words. First try to find out the meanings on your own!
The next letter you should learn is Nu (this letter is pronounced ni in Greek):
Ν ν
Again the capital letter looks the same as in the Latin alphabet. The small letter looks similar to a lowercase V. It's still pronounced like a regular N (IPA [n]) though. It also appears in the following names that you should be able to read now:
ΝΑΤΟ (very difficult ;-) )
Άννα (a girl's name)
Ιράν (a country in the Middle East)
Κίνα (a country in the Far East)
Τίρανα (capital city of Albania)
Ανόι (capital city of Vietnam)
Next letter is Mu:
Μ μ
While the capital letter is identical again, the lower letter is decidedly different from the Latin one this time. It's very commonly used as a special symbol in various academic fields though. The pronunciation is just like a regular M (IPA [m]). Here are words with Mu:
μαμά (every child's call)
Μαρόκο (African country south of Spain)
Ομάν (Arabic country)
Αμμάν (capital of Jordan)
Μαρκ
Μαρία
Μόνικα
αρμονία
άτομο
μονοτονία
I'd also like you to meet the letter Epsilon:
Ε ε
Capital letter as in the Latin alphabet, small letter a variation on the capital letter. You have probably seen it before. Epsilon is pronounced approximately as in bet (IPA [ε]). German "Bett" and French "mère" are exactly the same as this Greek sound. Practise reading some more words:
Αρμενία
Κορέα
Κάρμεν
Κατερίνα
κέικ
κρέμα
κάμερα
Finally, here's the letter Lambda:
Λ λ
This is the equivalent of the letter L. It looks quite different, but you will probably be able to memorise it quickly anyway (anyone familiar with the Cyrillic alphabet will immediately notice its similarity with the letter Л). Be careful not to confuse a capital alpha with a capital lambda! Here are a few more words to practise, and of course this letter and all the others will frequently appear in the following lessons, too.
αλκοόλ
κιλό
Ιταλία
καραμέλα
That's it for this lesson! If you didn't have trouble reading the example words, you're ready to continue with lesson 3!
Solutions
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Modern Greek/Lesson 6x

This is the last actual lesson teaching you how to read, write and pronounce Greek. After this lesson you will know all Greek letters and the only thing you'll still have to learn are a few letter combinations, which will be treated in the "Wrapping up" lesson.
The next letter you should learn is Theta:
Θ θ
Both the upper and lowercase letters look different from the Latin alphabet. This letter is pronounced as the th in thumb and coincidentally the IPA symbol for this sound is a lowercase Theta: [θ]. Here are some sample words that you should be able to read now:
μαθηματικά
κιθάρα (a musical instrument)
Θεσσαλονίκη
θεραπεία
απαθής
αθλητής
αμφιθέατρο
ανθολoγία
ανθρωπολογία
αντιπαθητικός
Now for a letter that looks somewhat familiar again:
Χ χ
This is the letter Chi. The uppercase letter looks exactly like an X and the lowercase letter is slimmer and drops below the baseline like an English y. The pronunciation is not like X though. It's either of two sounds: when Chi is followed by a 'light' vowel sound such as e or i, it sounds like the h in English huge, (IPA [ç]) (which is equivalent to the ch in German Ich). When it is followed by any other vowel sound or by a consonant, it is pronounced like the ch in the Scottish word loch or the German word Bach (IPA [x]).
Some words for practise:
τεχνολογία
Χιλή
συγχρονίζω
Χουάν (Spanish name) Χοσέ (another Spanish name) Κοπεγχάγη
Ζυρίχη
Νέο Δελχί
Στοκχόλμη
αραχνοφοβία
Now you're probably wondering how to write the x (ks) sound that is rather common in Greek. The answer is the letter Xi:
Ξ ξ
This letter looks unfamiliar, but it sounds exactly like the English x as in axe (IPA [ks]). Here are some examples:
ξενοφοβία
Μεξικό
Βρυξέλλες
εξάγωνο
Λουξεμβούργο
Αλέξανδρος
ορθόδοξος
λεξικό
οξυγόνο
The very last Greek letter to learn is Psi.
Ψ ψ
Psi is pronounced like ps as in apse (IPA [ps]). There are not that many English words with this letter combination, but in Greek it is more common. Practise reading:
ψυχολογία
ψυχίατρος
αποκάλυψη
αυτοψία
Solutions
Contents Lesson 1 • Lesson 2 • Lesson 3 • Lesson 4 • Lesson 5 • Lesson 6 • Lesson 7 • Lesson 8 • Lesson 9 • Lesson 10 Vocab 1 • Vocab 2 • Vocab 3 • Vocab 4 • Vocab 5 • Vocab 6 • Vocab 7 • Vocab 8 • Vocab 9 Alphabet • Grammar Credits
# Loglan/The Power of Little Words/how connected
## How Connected
### ha

For an OR operation to have a truth value of true only one item in the list need a truth value of true. So, the question "would you like sugar or milk in your coffee" has the answer "yes" if I would like sugar or if I would like milk or if I would like milk and sugar. It only has the answer "no" if I want neither milk nor sugar. Technically correct the answer "yes", but not very useful. If I answer "yes" do I want milk, sugar or both? To over come this, Loglan provides the little word ha to mean which if any.

#### Example

* ei, tu danza le sakta ha le malna kii letu skafi - Would you like sugar or milk with your coffee?
# Loglan/The Power of Little Words/mixing
## Mixing Things Together
### ze

Sometimes a composition forms something. For example, a black and white cat composed of both black fir and white fir. In loglan, if we say a black and white cat (le nigro ce blabi katmu) we mean the cat is both black and white at the same time, which not only forms and example of an impossibility but also we do not mean that. Loglan, however, does provide a word to mix things together.

#### Examples

* le nigro ze blabi katmu - black and white cat
* le redro ze vegri hasfa - The red and green house
# Loglan/The Power of Little Words/Modifiers
## Modifiers

The basic Loglan sentence just defines a relationship but Loglan allows you to add more information if you wish. These extra words we group together as:
* Sentence modifiers
* Argument modifiers
* Free modifiers

### Sentence Modifiers

Sentence modifiers include the time and space words and the logical contention words. They also include modal and causal relative operators. You can place a modal anywhere in a sentence but if they appear anywhere other than on the end of a sentence you might need a gu to say when the modeal ends and the remaining part of the sentence continues.

#### Modal Operators

Modal operators add information on who or in what way something relates to something else. They all come in CVV form.
* kii - With as in mi godzi kii tu (I walk with you)
* tie - using tool as in Da pa tie leda najda gu kutla de (someone, with a knife, cut something. Note the use of gu to end the modal)
* hea - with help as in mi kamla le hijra hea tu (I came here with your help)

#### Causal Operators

Causal operators work just the same way as modal operators. Causal operators give the reason why a relationship holds.
* kou - because of physical reason as in mi cetlo kou le crina (I am wet because of the rain)
* moi - because of motive as in mi kamla le hijra moi lepo mi danza lepo mi vizka tu (I came because I wanted to see you)
* rau - because of reason as in mi fundi tu rau lepo tu minspu (I like you because you are clever)
* soa - because of premise as in letu kukreo gu denro soa lepo ra dortau gu denro (your rifle is dangerous because all weapons are dangerous)

### Argument Modifiers

Argument modifiers adds additional information to an argument such as making claims or identifying the argument.
* ji - adds more information to identify the argument as in lemi hasfa ji le redro hasfa, gu snire (my house - the red house - is close)
* ja - makes a claim and adds more information about the argument as in lemi hasfa ja le redro hasfa, gu snire (my house, which is a red house, is close)

### Free Modifiers

Theses modifiers add more information about the writer / speaker or about the sentence as a whole. They can go anywhere in a sentence without effecting the sentence (except after le, la and the others in that group). Loglan contains a number of different types of free modifiers, which includes.
* Attitude
* Discursive
* Parenthesis

#### Attitude

These all have a VV form and form groups depending on the first letter. The 'a' series deals with intention, 'e' with requests, 'i' with conviction, 'o' with obligation and 'u' with motive. The second letter deals with degree with 'a' as positive, 'i' mid way and 'u' as negative. Some examples:
* ua - satisfaction
* ui - happy
* uo - anger
* uu - sorrow
* oa - must / feel obliged to do so
* ou - Doesn't matter
* ia - agree
* ii - maybe
* iu - don't know
* ei - is it so
* eo - please
* eu - assume
* ai - intend
* au - don't care
# Loglan/The Power of Little Words/Numbers and Letters
## Numbers

Loglan has a set of numbers composed of 10 little words which represent a single digit each:
* 0 - ni
* 1 - ne
* 2 - to
* 3 - te
* 4 - fo
* 5 - fe
* 6 - so
* 7 - se
* 8 - vo
* 9 - ve
All odd numbers end in e and all even numbers end in o. You can form larger numbers though combining words in the same way we combine digits.

### Examples

* 10 - neni
* 123 - netote

## Sequences

You can add fi on to the end of a number to describe a sequence such as first, second, third.

### Examples

* Nefi - first
* tofi - second
* tefi - third

## Letters

Loglan has away to refer to each letter. You might want to do this when using letters as variables. You just need to add an ending to the letter depending on weather you use a Latin of Greek letter, vowel or consonant. NB Loglan does not use the letter c or w for Greek letters as Greek has no corresponding sounds (c = sh and w = eu in Loglan).
* -ei for lower case Latin consonant letters
* -si for lower case Latin vowel letters
* -ai for upper case Latin consonant letters
* -ma for upper case Latin vowel letters
* -eo for lower case Greek consonant letters
* gao- for upper case Greek consonant letters
* -fi for lower case vowel letters
* gao,- for upper case Greek vowel letters

### Examples

* A - Ama
* a - asi
* B - Bai
* b - bei
* Alpha - gao,afi
* alpha - afi
* Beta - gaobeo
* beta - beo
# Loglan/The Power of Little Words/Logical Operators and Connections/no
## The Inverse Operator
### no

We use the little word no to invert or negate a relationship. I can mean slightly different things depending exactly where it appears in a sentence.

#### Examples

* no, mi vizka tu - It is not the case that I see you (no relationship between you and me)
* mi no vizka tu - I don't see you (but there is a relationship between you and me but its not seeing. I could hear you instead, for example)
* mi vizka no tu - I don't see you (I see something but its not you)
# Loglan/The Power of Little Words/Start of a Sentence
## Start a Sentence
### i

The little word i indicates the start of a sentence. We can also combine i with other operators to produce sentence combining forms such as ica (i + ca).

#### Examples

* mi vizka tu. i tu vizka mi - I see you. You see me.
* mi fleti la Romas. i tu stolo le livhao - I fly to Rome. You stay at home.