OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Starting and Running a Wiki Website/Self-hosting

For more power and flexibility or for business applications, many people will want to serve their own wikis. This requires considerably more knowledge about how wikis work and especially about wiki software.

## Business Environments

Especially in business environments, administrators may be interested in wiki security. Many people believe that nobody who is granted read access should be denied write access or wikis lose their power, but there are times when administrators will want to restrict which users are allowed to access a wiki.
Another consideration in business environments and other large organizations is whether or not the wiki software can interface with other logins. E.g. Twiki can get the username from Windows NT, allowing users username level access without a login. Such schemes allow the benefits of usernames without discouraging users from participating by making them log in.
Businesses may choose to outsource the hosting of the wiki environment. For intranet installations, companies such as SocialText offer a hardware-based "appliance" solution. For customization, design or production of wiki projects, companies such as CiviHosting and Wiki Studios offer professional wiki services to business, non-profit organizations and branches of government.

## Customizing software

One of the benefits of hosting a wiki oneself is the ability to recode the wiki software. For an example of this, see Sensei's Library. The administrators of Sensei's added Go markup functionality to their software for easy illustration of Go boards and pieces.

## Choosing the wiki software

There are more than one hundred wiki engines available. Some good starting points are to read Comparison of wiki software, Top Ten Wiki engines, WikiMatrix comparison table. To decide what kinds of software you would want, list all the criteria that are important for you. Then sort the ones that are required and the ones that would be great to have. Start filtering all the wiki engines that don't feature your required criteria and sort the remaining wiki engines with the great criteria. The most important points could be:
* Which server can I use for it?
    -> On which server and hardware can it run?
* Am I ready to spend money on it and how much?
    -> Should it be free?
* Am I ready to use a tool entirely written in English only?
    -> Should it be i18n?
* Will the contributors be able to write in wikicode?
    -> Should it be WYSIWYG?
* Can I do all I want with only simple text?
    -> Should it feature extensions and advanced features?
* Will the contributors import content from other wikis?
    -> Should it have compatible format with other wiki or wiki engines?
* Is my project critical?
    -> Is it actively updated? Is there a large community of developers?
* Is my project very advanced?
    -> Can it be recoded? Open source?
* Should my project be attractive (commercial needs for example)?
    -> Is the display customizable?

### See Also

Previous page: Overview
Next page: Hosted Wikis
Skip to: Choosing a License
# Startups in the Philippines/A Survival Guide for Startups in the Philippines/Startup Stacks in the Philippines

The stacks that startups in the Philippines employ are some that may be commonly found elsewhere in the world, such as the startup community of Silicon Valley or many startup communities throughout the ASEAN region. But due to economic and cultural factors, the stacks more commonly found in the Philippines might differ slightly from those used by startups that are based in the States, the EU, and elsewhere.
Culturally, in the startup community, though "stacks" typically refer to SDKs and programming languages, the term has been more broadly applied to a "stack" of services that a startup might typically use to launch, which would cover the basic, sort of "universal" functions of any business: accounting and payroll, project and task management, cloud storage, office productivity, etc.
A growing trend in the utilization of bots in particular is of note. The Philippines is widely considered to be the BPO capital of the world, and with the automation that bot platforms such as Octane AI—which serve to streamline the more common tasks and functions of bots—the technology is quickly being adopted and found among the "stack" that startups typically deploy/employ in getting their business out to market.
Bear in mind that this segment on stacks is written within the larger context of surviving as a startup in the Philippines, and as a greater, more macro survey of startups (in general) in the Philippines.

## Bots

Bots are growing segment of the "startup stack" in the Philippines. To give you an idea of the applicative value of the bot, we'll publish some content on how some startups are using bots in the Philippines today. See this side note/appendix section that we're working on called, "Using Octane AI and other bot platforms," for detailed context.
# Startups in the Philippines/A Survival Guide for Startups in the Philippines/Startup Stacks in the Philippines/Using Octane AI and other bot platforms

If you've gotten here without first passing through the front end of the book, please be reminded that this content is being fleshed out within greater context of surviving as a startup in the Philippines—content which is a part of a greater book that is a macro survey of the state of startups in the Philippines, covering the economics thereof, cultural effects, and contributions to the global economy and community.

#### Why Octane AI?

Is this an advertisement? No, obviously not. We'll cover whichever the most relevant platform is to date. As the authors of this book gain experience— And as the growing list of contributors and authors to this book grows— this section on bots and how they affect startups in the Philippines will evolve accordingly.
That said, adoption and growing use of Octane AI in the Philippines is a unique indicator.

###### What's Octane AI?

Some helpful places to go to for context:
* Octane AI's Angel List page; ProductHunt wall; etc.

## User Tips that Demonstrate the Applicative Value of Off-the-shelf Bots

To date, there isn't an auto-save feature to Octane AI's convos. This forces users of the platform to frequently save, re-save, close, open Convos, while generating the Convo content. In as much as Octane AI wants to be that easy-to-use platform for chatbot creation, enabling content creators to feed their manuals and other existing content out to these bots, then it just makes sense for the company to continue down the path of incorporating document editing type of features.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/Print Questions

* Can I get a hard copy of the questions?
Yes, Question Writer has the option to "Publish for Printing" which creates an HTML document. You can find out more about this in Publish for Printing.
An alternative approach is to start from the other end. If you write the questions in a Word document, you could reformat them slightly and save the document as a .txt or .rtf file then import the questions into Question Writer. See Text Format for more details on this.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/QWTracker

* What is Question Writer Tracker?
Question Writer Tracker is a free service from Question Writer. All users of Question Writer can register for the Question Writer Tracker service and use it to track and analyze the results for all your quizzes. By selecting to 'Send Results Via Website to E-mail' the quiz takers score and responses will, by default, be recorded and stored by the Question Writer Tracker system. You can select to turn this off if required. Question Writer Tracker also provides 100mb free webspace where you can upload your quizzes with a single click.
For more information on Question Writer read the Save and Publish chapter of this manual, and especially Results.   There is also a lot of information on Question Writer Tracker in our Blog - you can easily find relevant articles by entering Question Writer Tracker in the blog search box.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/Number of Questions

* What is the maximum number of questions I can have in a quiz?
You can have up to 100 questions with question feedback or 200 questions without question feedback in a quiz. Having too many questions in a quiz will slow down the performance and may cause unexpected problems with the quiz.
If you need more questions - a good idea is to split the quiz into parts of around 100 questions each and link each part automatically by adding a URL to the After Quiz option in Quiz Options - Web Settings. You can either do this invisibly or you can add some explanation and give the quiz taker the opportunity to have a comfort break - by adding some text into Finished Quiz Screen Text in Quiz Options - Other Labels.
This problem can also be overcome using Pages. You can have up to 200 pages in a quiz and those pages can have multiple questions per page. We don't recommend a quiz that large though! However you'll find for a 100 question quiz, it is usually better to have a quiz of 20 pages with 5 questions each for performance reasons.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/Pass or Fail

* Can I treat users differently at the end of the quiz, depending on whether or not they passed?
When you set a pass mark for the quiz you can customize the pass or fail messages that appear in the report screen at the end of the quiz. Enter your messages in Report Options.
If you want to refer your quiz takers to another website depending on how well they did in the quiz, and have a Professional license, you can use the Custom Feedback feature.
Otherwise you can add a link within the Pass/Fail messages in the Report Settings. The user will be able to click to go to the right location after the quiz.
Remember to switch on 'Use HTML to format text' in the Text Settings.
The HTML you need to use will look something like this:
<a href="http://www.yourwebaddress.com">Click Here To Continue</a>
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/Sorting Questions

* I have several large question banks and it is becoming difficult to sort out repeat questions from new entries. Is there a way to sort questions alphabetically within a quiz?
Unfortunately there is no automatic search feature. You can set up the questions in sections or some kind of section hierarchy which would help to find similar questions.
Another idea is to scan for duplicate questions. You can do this by opening the source file (the .qwz) in Word or a text editor and search for the search term - this will help you at least know if the question is present. (Do not resave in the text editor)
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/Preview

* Why is it that when I try to preview my quiz I only see one question?
When you press the preview button, you will get a preview of whatever you have got selected. If you just want to see how one question will appear when published, click on that question in the left hand pane (1) and then click on the preview button (2).
Question Writer caches older previews of questions and quizzes separately - updating a preview of a question will not update the preview of the whole quiz.
To preview the whole quiz, select the quiz by clicking on the green Quiz icon in the top left,(3) and then click preview.
Another point to note is that running the preview is not the same as publishing the quiz. The preview will show you how the quiz will look when it is published, but in order for the quiz to be read and used by other people you will need to Publish your Quiz.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/System Requirements

* What are the system requirements to run Question Writer?
For the quiz author, Question Writer requires:
* Windows XP / Vista (any version) / 7
* .NET 2+
* Flash 6+
We recommend:
* Processor of 1Ghz
* Ram of 1GB
We do not currently have a Mac version of the software, however some of our users have had success using the Parallels for Mac software with Windows XP and the latest version of Question Writer. You can read about this on our forum
People taking the quiz will need to have an internet ready pc with Flash 6 (Flash 7+ is recommended). Quiztakers using Macs should be able to access the quizzes online without any problems.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/New Version

* What do I need to do to load a new version of Question Writer?
To find out which version of the software you currently have, you can click on Help and About in the Question Writer Menu Bar, the version number will also appear on the top left of the application window.
To install a new version you have to take 2 steps:
* Uninstall the old version
* Download the new version

### Uninstall the Old Version

Before you can load a new version of the software you should uninstall your existing version. This can be done automatically via your computer's operating system (eg Windows Vista or Windows XP) or manually. We recommend that you try the automatic uninstall option first.

#### Automatic Uninstall

You can usually uninstall the software satisfactorily by using
Control Panel -> Add/Remove Programs (Windows XP / 2000)
Control Panel -> Programs -> Uninstall Software (Windows Vista)
Choose the 'Question Writer 4' entry and the software will be uninstalled.

#### Manual File Deletion

You should always try to automatically uninstall the software first when removing the software. Following that, you can also try to manually delete all the files associated with Question Writer.
You'll need to choose your system setting 'Show Hidden Files And Folders / System Files'. There are steps on how to do that here
Remove the following directories from your file system -
C:\Program Files\Question Writer 4
C:\Program Files\Question Writer 4 Basic
(Windows 2000 / Windows XP)
C:\Documents and Settings\Your Name\Local Settings\Application Data\Central Question Ltd
(Windows Vista)
C:\Users\Your Name\AppData\Local\Central Question Ltd
Replace 'Your Name' with your user name or the profile name with which Question Writer was installed.

### Download the New Version

This is relatively straightforward. You will find a link to the download on the newsletter or email that we sent informing you of the update, or on the relevant Blog article. In addition the download link on our website will always download the latest version of the software:
When you click on the link the download will start automatically (unless your browser prompts you to take some action). Once the file is downloaded, you can simply open or run the file and the Question Writer Installer will install the program - you will be prompted to answer some questions about where the files should be stored and who should be given access to the software (if there is more than one person using your pc.)
Question Writer will automatically detect if you have a valid license and install it. If your license is not valid for the upgrade, you can purchase an upgrade online.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/Randomization

* I would like to add a fun quizzes to my website to keep visitors coming back - how can I make sure they won't get the same questions everytime they log in?
You can have more questions in your quiz than are asked at each attempt. Use the randomization to select a number of questions from a larger bank of questions in the quiz on each attempt.
If you're asking 10 questions on each try - set the quiz up to ask 10 questions randomly selected from the 100 or 1,000. Or have sections containing 10 questions each, and randomly select one from each section.
The default for generating pre-randomized quizzes is set at 5 - you can increase this to, eg, 50-100 to ensure a good random spread for 10 from 1000.
# Question Writer Manual/Frequently Asked Questions/Survey

* How can I use Question Writer to create a survey?
It is easy to create a survey type questionnaire using Question Writer, using either multiple choice;
True/False;
or Essay type questions;
If you want to use the questionnaire to measure overall satisfaction numerically you could also use Partial Credit questions with variable scoring, eg
In the Quiz set up you need to
* Set feedback to “No Question Feedback”
* Untick Display Points Value for Questions in General Question Properties
* Disable the Display Report page
* Enter an appropriate message in End of Quiz
As with all Question Writer quizzes, the results can be sent to Question Writer Tracker and then downloaded to Excel if you want to do further analysis.
# Statistics/Summary/Quantiles
## Quantiles

Quantiles are statistics that describe various subdivisions of a frequency distribution into equal proportions. The simplest division that can be envisioned is into two equal halves and the quantile that does this, the median value of the variate, is used also as a measure of central tendency for the distribution.
When division is into four parts the values of the variate corresponding to 25%, 50% and 75% of the total distribution are called quartiles. The difference between the 1st and 3rd quartiles is called the inter-quartile range. It embraces the central 50% of the distribution and gives a measure of the dispersion of the distribution. The 2nd quartile is just the median under another name.
Other quantiles that may be encountered include quintiles (distribution divided at 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%), deciles (inter-decile range from 1st decile to 9th decile holds 80% of the distribution) and percentiles.
Division into irregular-sized quantiles can be encountered in a "normal quantile plot", used as a graphical test for the "Normality" of a sample.
# PHP Programming/Reserved words
## PHP words

List of the 72 reserved words by alphabetical order:

## PHP7 news

Several composed operators can reduce the usual syntax:
* ??: null coalescing operator. Equivalent to a ternary operator with an is_null.
* <=>: spaceship operator. Equivalent to a switch with three cases: inferior, equal and superior.
* intdiv: integer division. Equivalent to / + intval.
Moreover, we can now use:
* several classes in the same use declaration.
* define to set an array of constants.

## Extensions

List of the 48 native PHP 5.5.0 libraries with EasyPHP:
# PHP Programming/PHP PEAR
## Installing PEAR in a Shared Server

The PHP Extension and Application Repository, or PEAR, is a repository of PHP software code.

## References

* ↑ https://pear.php.net/
# PHP Programming/PHP Include Files
## Includes

There are two methods of including a file in PHP: include and require.
They both perform essentially the same function, but have one major difference: include will only throw a warning if there is a problem during the include process; require, however, will halt execution in this scenario. Therefore, a script's dependencies will often be called with require.
Prior to version 4.0.2, require also attempted to read a file, regardless of whether the code in that file was executed or not. This means that if a file did not exist, an error would be thrown even if it would never be interpreted. The following code:
would therefore fail on the first require in versions before 4.0.2, and the second in all other versions.

### Include Once

Additionally, there exist many code libraries, class definitions, and variable declarations that you will want to separate into an include file, but that should only be called into the current script once. To ensure that these libraries are only included once, php includes the include_once and require_oncefunctions.
Each time one of these functions is called, the php parser remembers which file it has called. If another include_onceor require_once attempts to load the same file, the parser will simply skip the command. It will produce no error or warning, it will simply act as though the command had executed successfully. This is because, in fact, it has.
IMPORTANT: If you include a file once with include_once and then later using include, the file will be included a second time. If a file is included using include_once and a call to the same file is made by require_once, it will not be included again. Include_once and require_once have the same 'memory,' as it were.
# PHP Programming/PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is another popular database you can use with PHP.
If you are already familiar with how to interface with MySQL in PHP, then the following chart should make the conversion to PostgreSQL much easier.

## Functions

    Connecting: mysql_connect takes three arguments (server, username, password) while pg_connect takes a single connection string argument.
       mysql_connect Example: $db = mysql_connect('localhost', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_pass');
       pg_connect Example: $db = pg_connect('host=localhost user=pg_user password=pg_pass dbname=my_database');
    Database Selection: In MySQL, you have to separately specify the name of the database you wish to connect to, while in PostgreSQL it is built into pg_connect's connection string.
    Querying: mysql_query and pg_query behave in the same manner.
       mysql_query Example: $grab_people = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM people WHERE id_num = 3761832");
       pg_query Example: $grab_people = pg_query("SELECT * FROM people WHERE id_num = 3761832");
    Fetching Associative Results: mysql_fetch_assoc and pg_fetch_assoc behave in the same manner.
       mysql_fetch_assoc Example: $person = mysql_fetch_assoc($grab_people);
       pg_fetch_assoc Example: $person = pg_fetch_assoc($grab_people);
    Grabbing Errors: While MySQL makes use of mysql_error, PostgreSQL uses pg_last_error.
       mysql_error Example: $error = mysql_error;
       pg_last_error Example: $error = pg_last_error;
    Closing Database Connection: mysql_close and pg_close behave in the same manner.
       mysql_close Example: mysql_close($db);
       pg_close Example: pg_close($db);
    Freeing Results: mysql_free_result and pg_free_result behave in the same manner.
       mysql_free_result Example: mysql_free_result($grab_people);
       pg_free_result Example: pg_free_result($grab_people);

## For More Information

* PHP PostgreSQL manual
* PostgreSQL homepage and documentation