OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of video games/Platforms/SMATCH Z
## History
### Steamboy

The original Steamboy, later renamed the Smatch Zero, was pitched in 2015 as a portable Steam Machine with a predicted release date in 2016.

### SMATCH Z

In 2019 the console design was revised to incorporate a superior AMD Ryzen CPU, with plans to ship later in the year. This revision of console hardware was playable at E3 2019. Later that year another CPU upgrade was announced.
Production issues lead to the console being delayed to 2020. The Smatch Z was then intended to release in 2020.
By 2021 the manufacturer of the still unreleased console faced bankruptcy.

## References

* ↑ "Smach Zero: portable Steam Machine pre-order date & price". HEXUS. 10 August 2015. https://www.hexus.net/tech/news/systems/85415-smach-zero-portable-steam-machine-pre-order-date-price/.
* ↑ McWhertor, Michael (10 August 2015). "The portable Steam Machine will cost $299, gets late 2016 release date". Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/2015/8/10/9128997/steam-machine-portably-smach-zero-steamboy.
* ↑ Walton, Mark (11 August 2015). "Smach Zero: A portable x86 Steam Machine for $300" (in en-us). Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/08/smach-zero-a-portable-x86-steam-machine-for-e300/.
* ↑ "Handheld gaming console Smach Z gets significant CPU upgrade". TechSpot. https://www.techspot.com/news/81598-handheld-gaming-console-smach-z-gets-significant-cpu.html.
* ↑ Alcorn, Paul (12 June 2019). "Hands-On With the AMD Ryzen-Powered Smach Z, Preorders Open, Ships This Year" (in en). Tom's Hardware. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/smach-z-handheld-pc-amd,39632.html.
* ↑ Alcorn, Paul; Freedman, Andrew (12 June 2019). "Hands-On With the AMD Ryzen-Powered Smach Z, Preorders Open, Ships This Year" (in en). Tom's Hardware. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/smach-z-handheld-pc-amd,39632.html.
* ↑ Liu, Zhiye (25 August 2019). "Smach Z Gets More Powerful Ryzen Embedded CPU, 32GB RAM and 480GB SSD" (in en). Tom's Hardware. https://www.tomshardware.com/news/smach-z-amd-ryzen-embedded-cpu-32gb-ram-480gb-ssd,40236.html.
* ↑ Alderson, Alex. "Smach Z gets delayed again after company fails to meet 2019 deadline; Q1 2020 looking unlikely too" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/Smach-Z-gets-delayed-again-after-company-fails-to-meet-2019-deadline-Q1-2020-looking-unlikely-too.454358.0.html.
* ↑ Alderson, Alex. "The Smach Z project goes quiet as Smach continues to issue refunds to backers" (in en). Notebookcheck. https://www.notebookcheck.net/The-Smach-Z-project-goes-quiet-as-Smach-continues-to-issue-refunds-to-backers.489498.0.html.
* ↑ "Smach Z maker admits it "might soon enter bankruptcy"". HEXUS. 17 May 2021. https://hexus.net/gaming/news/hardware/147814-smach-z-maker-admits-might-soon-enter-bankruptcy/.
# Live distro and Full Linux Install/Burning and Booting the live CD or DVD

These instructions work for both the CD edition and the DVD edition. (Note: for the CD edition you'll need a blank CD of at least 700MB, some are smaller!)

## Burning the distro image onto a disc
### On Linux

Burning a disc on Linux can be done with a lot of different applications. We recommend Brasero. First, insert an empty disc in your computers disc drive. After starting Brasero, choose Burn image. In the Image burning setup, click on path and select the puredyne iso file. After that press Burn.
If the burn button is not available, this means something is wrong. Perhaps the disc or DVD you inserted in your drive is not writable or has already got data on it. Check the disc and try again.

### On Windows

There are plenty of disc burning applications for Windows (such as Infrarecorder). Start your favourite disc burning application and choose to burn a disc image from an iso file. Select the Puredyne iso file and burn the disc.

### On Mac

Insert a blank disc. Start Disk Utility (it's in the /Applications/Utilities folder on most Macs). From the File menu, choose Open Disk Image and select the ISO to be burned. In the list of volumes, you will now see an item representing the ISO file. Select it. Click the Burn button and follow the instructions.

## Booting from the disc

To boot from disc, insert the disc into your disc-drive and (re)boot your computer. In most cases, your computer will automatically boot from the Puredyne disc. (On a Mac you may need to hold the "c" key while the Mac starts up, to boot from drive.) After about a minute the desktop should appear (it logs in automatically). You are ready to start using Puredyne.

### Changing the BIOS

If your computer doesn't automatically boot from disc, you need to change a setting in your computer's BIOS. Most PC's allow you to enter the BIOS settings quickly after you start your computer. You are usually prompted to press F12 or F2 to enter the BIOS (check your computers manual if no information is displayed at boot).
Once you entered the BIOS settings, look for the Boot Sequence. You should change the sequence so that the disc drive is first in the list, the hard drive later. It differs per computer how this is done, please check the manual of your computer if you are unsure how to change these settings.
# Live distro and Full Linux Install/Creating a live USB stick/Simpler instructions for creating a live USB stick if you already have one

How to create a bootable Linux distro USB Pen
You Will Need:
* A computer that boots from USB.
* A distro bootable USB stick- there are other methods of doing this, but I use one Puredyne stick to make more.
* A Linux-friendly internet connection (not a dongle).
* A distro iso file.
* An empty 4 gig (or greater) memory-stick to make the distro bootable.
Method
# Lithuanian/Cover

Lietuvių kalba ~ English
Learning the Lithuanian Language
# Lithuanian/Phrases

Lithuanian phrases:
* Lithuanian: Lietuviškai (“lietu'vishkai”)
* hello: labas (“lA-bas”)
* goodbye: sudie! (“sudiE'“)
* please: prašau(“prashau”)
* thank you: ačiū (“Ahchjooh”)
* that one: tas(masculine), ta(feminine)
* how much?: kiek? (“kjEk”)
* yes: taip (“taIp”)
* no: ne (“ne'“)
* sorry: atsiprašau (“atsiprashau”)
* what?: ką?
* I don’t understand: nesuprantu
* Cheers! (toast): į sveikatą! (“Ii sveikAtA!”)
* Do you speak English?: kalbi angliškai? (informal); ar kalbate angliškai? (formal)
* I love you: Aš tave myliu
* Where is (the center) ? Kur yra (centras)?
* You are a good friend. Tu esi geras draugas.
# Live distro and Full Linux Install

Some Linux distribution can run from a Live CD/DVD or a Live USB stick.

## Table of contents

Getting started:
* QuickStart (downloading and burning to booting)
Live DVD and Live USB:
* Burning and Booting the live CD or DVD
* Creating a live USB stick
* Booting a live USB stick
* Live distro - run it from CD/DVD/USB without overwriting anything on your hard drive!
Full Installation
* Running live system from Hard Disk
* Installing a full distro onto Hard Disk

## See also

* Linux Guide
# Live distro and Full Linux Install/Booting a live USB stick
## Notes on USB sticks

* Currently, some USB keys do not boot on Intel-based Apple Macintoshes - if you know why, please get in touch with us!

## Booting the distro from a USB stick

* Insert the USB stick into your computer and turn it on.
* Most computers will not automatically boot from the USB stick. If your computer does not, you need to change a setting in your computer's BIOS. Most PCs allow you to enter the BIOS settings quickly after you start your computer. You are usually prompted to press F1, F12 or F2 to enter the BIOS (check your computers manual if no information is displayed at boot). Once you entered the BIOS settings, look for the Boot Sequence page. You should change the sequence so that the USB pen drive is first in the list, the hard disk and CD-ROM/DVD drive later. It differs per computer how this is done, please check the manual of your computer if you are unsure how to change these settings. Also, some machines' BIOS offer a quick boot device selection menu like this during startup when pressing F12:
* After changing the boot options in your computers BIOS make sure to save the settings and reboot your machine.
* Once your computer has restarted you should be greeted with a boot menu. Press enter to begin booting the distro.
# Live distro and Full Linux Install/Live HDD

To run the Live distribution (either CD or DVD) from a hard drive:
1. Copy the folders from the CD or DVD to your hard drive.
2. Enter the following text in your /boot/grub directory, member menu.lst if you use the old version of grub:
This is for when it's on the hard drive your system thinks of as 'first' - for /dev/sda1 you'd enter hd0,0 for root, for /dev/sda2 you'd enter hd0,1, for /dev/sdb1 you'd enter hd1,0 etc.
I don't know how to set up Grub 2 - the developers de-simplified it. A friend tells me that for Grub 2 there is now a set of templates in a grub directory under /etc which can be edited, and the last of these (they are named starting with 10, 20, etc) is for free-form old style grub instructions like the above. Good luck with it.
3. boot, and select the distro from the menu.
HOWEVER - if you just do it this way, any changes you make will NOT persist between sessions. To set up persistent storage, you must also have a Linux partition labeled live-rw
This is easiest on a flash drive. Get a flash drive you can re-format that has a fair amount of space - at least 4 GB. 8 or 16 is better, if you're going to do a lot of new installs. You can use a USB stick, an SD card, whatever you have. Use Gparted or some other utility to re-format it as:
With this persistent storage on a flash partition, you can boot the distro from a CD or DVD at a friend's house and have your environment right there, or use it on your computer or laptop to have the same persistent environment.
CAUTIONS -
If you boot up and none of your changes are there - the system for some reason didn't recognize your flash drive. Unplug it, re-plug it, and reboot.
BACK UP THE CONTENTS OF YOUR FLASH DRIVE REGULARLY to your hard disk or somewhere - you don't want to lose those directories. You can format a new flash drive with the label live-rw and copy the contents to that, too - two copies of your personal environment.
# MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Toolboxes and Extensions/MATLAB Compiler
## Overview

Use the MATLAB Compiler to convert MATLAB programs to applications and libraries that you can distribute to end users who do not have MATLAB installed. You can compile M-files, MEX-files, or other MATLAB code. MATLAB Compiler supports all the features of MATLAB, including objects, private functions, and methods. Using MATLAB Compiler version before 3 you can generate
* Standalone C and C++ applications on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh platforms.
* C and C++ shared libraries (dynamically linked libraries, or DLLs, on Microsoft Windows).
MATLAB Compiler version 4 no longer provides these capabilities on Windows and Linux and you can generate
* Standalone application on Linux and Windows based on Java/JIT methods
* Shared libraries on Linux and DLLs on Microsoft Windows

## Known Problems

Matlab Compiler version 4.1, distributed with Matlab 7 (R14SP1) for Solaris has a bug in the buildmcr function. This can be fixed by following these instructions:
* Quit MATLAB.
* Rename the following M-file:
Rename the file to buildmcr.m.old
* Download the following files from the MATLAB website:
** buildmcr.m
** cftcreatezip.mexsol
If for some reason you can't get the se files, get this fixed version of Buildmcr.m and this fixed version of ctfcreatezip.mexsol available as text and uuencoded text, respectively.
Place the new files in $MATLAB\toolbox\compiler.
* Restart MATLAB.
# MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Object Oriented Programming
## Object Oriented Programming

MATLAB as well as Octave have object oriented capabilities. Yet, technically it is not fully an object oriented language.
An Object Oriented Language(OOL) has three components: 1. Polymorphism 2. Inheritance 3. Encapsulation
Octave can be extended by adding new objects. Those objects can overload the operators like e.g. assignment, slicing, comparison.
While in MATLAB, this can be done with m-script, in Octave new objects are implemented as C++ classes. A simple example of how objects can be added to Octave can be found here.
# MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Object Oriented Programming/MATLAB Classes

MATlab stores methods (separate M-file) in class directories not on the standard search path. The two minimum things needed in order to create a class are the constructor and display M-files.
# MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Toolboxes and Extensions

[MATLAB Programming\|/MATLAB Programming]m]
Chapter 1: MATLAB ._.
    Fundamentals of MATLAB
    MATLAB Workspace
    MATLAB Variables
    *.mat files
Chapter 2: MATLAB Concepts
    MATLAB operator
    Data File I/O
Chapter 3: Variable Manipulation
    Numbers and Booleans
    Strings
    Portable Functions
    Complex Numbers
Chapter 4: Vector and matrices
    Vector and Matrices
    Special Matrices
    Operation on Vectors
    Operation on Matrices
    Sparse Matrices
Chapter 5: Array
    Arrays
    Introduction to array operations
    Vectors and Basic Vector Operations
    Mathematics with Vectors and Matrices
    Struct Arrays
    Cell Arrays
Chapter 6: Graphical Plotting
    Basic Graphics Commands
    Plot
    Polar Plot
    Semilogx or Semilogy
    Loglog
    Bode Plot
    Nichols Plot
    Nyquist Plot
Chapter 7: M File Programming
    Scripts
    Comments
    The Input Function
    Control Flow
    Loops and Branches
    Error Messages
    Debugging M Files
Chapter 8: Advanced Topics
    Numerical Manipulation
    Advanced File I/O
    Object Oriented Programming
    Applications and Examples
    Toolboxes and Extensions
Chapter 9: Bonus chapters
    MATLAB Benefits and Caveats
    Alternatives to MATLAB
    [MATLAB_Programming/GNU_Octave|What is Octave= (8) hsrmonic functions]
    Octave/MATLAB differences

## Toolboxes and Extensions

In vanilla MATLAB , you may have some difficulties of running certain type of computations yourself . Hence, therefore to make your computation job easier , why not try to use some of the free open source & free toolbox.
*Note that some of the toolbox are developed with the official toolbox from MATHWORKS , hence if you didn't have paid for the toolbox, it may not be working as intended.
*The list here is not exhaustive and you may add them here to promote your own toolboxes that you created yourself.

### Legacy Toolboxes

* GUIDE allows the creation of interactive user interfaces.
* Simulink is for modeling, simulating and analysing systems.

### Neuroscience

* Psychtoolbox aids in researching for vision and neuroscience research.
* EEGLAB aids in processing electrophysiological data
* Rigbox runs neurophysiological experiments and managing data

### Image Processing

* Advance Image Processing have image processing toolbox can be used for free
TBD
Symbolic Toolbox
Image Processing Toolbox
MATLAB Compiler
Psychtoolbox is a set of tools that aid in vision research
# MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Numerical Manipulation/Partial Differential Equations

c=3
d=0.002
m=(1/d*log(2))^(1/c)
# MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Object Oriented Programming/Struct arrays

[MATLAB Programming\|/MATLAB Programming]m]
Chapter 1: MATLAB ._.
    Fundamentals of MATLAB
    MATLAB Workspace
    MATLAB Variables
    *.mat files
Chapter 2: MATLAB Concepts
    MATLAB operator
    Data File I/O
Chapter 3: Variable Manipulation
    Numbers and Booleans
    Strings
    Portable Functions
    Complex Numbers
Chapter 4: Vector and matrices
    Vector and Matrices
    Special Matrices
    Operation on Vectors
    Operation on Matrices
    Sparse Matrices
Chapter 5: Array
    Arrays
    Introduction to array operations
    Vectors and Basic Vector Operations
    Mathematics with Vectors and Matrices
    Struct Arrays
    Cell Arrays
Chapter 6: Graphical Plotting
    Basic Graphics Commands
    Plot
    Polar Plot
    Semilogx or Semilogy
    Loglog
    Bode Plot
    Nichols Plot
    Nyquist Plot
Chapter 7: M File Programming
    Scripts
    Comments
    The Input Function
    Control Flow
    Loops and Branches
    Error Messages
    Debugging M Files
Chapter 8: Advanced Topics
    Numerical Manipulation
    Advanced File I/O
    Object Oriented Programming
    Applications and Examples
    Toolboxes and Extensions
Chapter 9: Bonus chapters
    MATLAB Benefits and Caveats
    Alternatives to MATLAB
    [MATLAB_Programming/GNU_Octave|What is Octave= (8) hsrmonic functions]
    Octave/MATLAB differences

# A struct as defined and used in Octave

A structure in Octave groups different data types called fields in a single object. Fields are accessed by their names.

## Declaring a structure

A structure is declared by assigning values to its fields. A period (.) separates the name of the field and the name of the structure:
The fields of a structure and their values can be displayed by simply entering the name of the struct:

## Manipulating structures

A structure can be copied as any objects:
In most circumstance, the fields of a structure can be manipulated with the period operator. The value of a field can be overwritten by:
In the same way, the value of a field can be retrieved by:
The function isstruct can be used to test if object is a structure or not. With the function fieldnames all field names are returned as a cell array:
To test if a structure contains the a given field named, the function isfield can be used:
The value of a field can be extract with getfield:
or using
In a similar way, the value of a field can be set with setfield:
The functions isfield, getfield and setfield are useful when the names of a structure are determined during execution of the program.
You can remove a field of a struct array with the rmfield function.
would remove the 'name' field from the city struct and copy the result back onto the original structure.
# MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Toolboxes and Extensions/Simulink
## Sample Time Colors

By selecting Format->Sample Time Colors, you can get Simulink to color code signal lines according to their sample times. Colors are only updated when the model is updated or simulated.
The most common colors are:
| Magenta | Constant |
| Black | Continuous |
| Red | Fastest Discrete Sample Time |
| Yellow | Hybrid/Mixed Sample Time |
For the rest of the colors and other information, see Enabling Sample Time Colors (the Mathworks website)
Note: Constant sample time will only be displayed if Inline Parameters is checked in the Advanced Tab of Simulation->Simulation Parameters. This is because constant blocks can have variables as their arguments.
# IB Biology Practical Investigations/Statistics/Generating Data: 'Rotator Cuff Stamina'
## GENERATING AND MANIPULATING DATA: ROTATOR CUFF STAMINA

TEACHING OBJECTIVE:
* To work through the assessment criteria as a class and learn about how to generate data and process them using the t-test.
TASK OUTCOMES:
* By the end of this activity, students will be able to design a fair, controlled and reliable investigation and use the t-test to assess the significance of the differences between datasets.
TIME REQUIRED:
* 90-120 minutes
INTRODUCTION:
Write a brief introduction to your activity
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT:
OTHER RESOURCES NEEDED:
INSTRUCTIONS:
SAFETY/ RISK ASSESSMENT
IDEAS FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION
SOURCES AND REFERENCES:
This IB Biology Practical Investigation was uploaded by:
* replace this text with your name and school.
# IB Biology Practical Investigations/Statistics/Mythbusting: 'Girls can't catch'
## MYTHBUSTING: GIRLS CAN'T CATCH

TEACHING OBJECTIVE:
* Students develop their own method of investigation, based on the knowledge that they will need to use the T-test to analyse their results.
TASK OUTCOMES:
* By the end of this activity, students will be able to:
** design and evaluate a method of investigation based on scientific conventions.
** apply the T-test to a set of data generated in an investigation
** present their data in an appropriate format, using scientific conventions
TIME REQUIRED:
* 90 minutes - 2 hours
INTRODUCTION:
Is there really a difference between boys' and girls' catching abilities? The boys will surely say there is, the girls the opposite. Here's a chance to find out.
Teams will work together to design a method for testing the null hypothesis: 'there is no difference between boys and girls in terms of catching ability'. Their method should allow them to test their data using the T-test and present their results appropriately.
This task will allow exploration of many of the fundamentals of research science, including sample sizes, fair tests, application of statistics, evaluation of methods, limitations of results, presentation of data. It is a bit silly, but statistics needs an injection of fun.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT:
* balls
* measuring tape/ sticks
* other equipment as groups require
OTHER RESOURCES NEEDED:
* Prior knowledge of the T-test and basic scientific method/ fair testing required
INSTRUCTIONS:
* Put students into small, mixed-gender groups.
* Set the research question: 'Is there a difference between boys and girls in terms of catching ability?'
* Allow the groups time to develop a simple method for testing the hypothesis, which will allow them to utlise the T-test.
* Once methods have been approved, allow sufficient time for groups to collect enough data.
* In the next lesson/ at home, students apply the T-test to their data, make a poster of their results and present it to the class.
* As a class, discuss the limitations of each group's method, datasets and data analysis. How can this investigation help students plan more scientifically in the future?
SAFETY/ RISK ASSESSMENT
* Ball-throwing outside, in plenty of space.
* First-aid supplies ready for the boys who make inappropriate comments about girls' coordination.
IDEAS FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION
* Ask students to brainstorm other areas of science that could be explored using the T-test.
* Refer back to this activity when sampling populations in Ecology.
SOURCES AND REFERENCES:
# IB Biology Practical Investigations/The Chemistry of Life
## TEACHING IDEAS

Practical investigations or activities included in this section are intended as a teaching resource rather than an assessment tool. Although all practical hours recorded may be counted on the form 4/PSOW, these activities are probably not suitable for assessment of the IA criteria.
Chemical Elements and Water
Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
* Chemsketch - modeling biological molecules
Enzymes
DNA Structure and Replication
* Simple DNA Extraction
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
* Protein Synthesis Running Dictation
Cell Respiration
Photosynthesis

## ASSESSMENT IDEAS

These ideas are included as a starting point for teachers planning investigations in this topic. Investigations included here are not endorsed by the IBO and may not match the criteria precisely. Please exercise caution and judgement when selecting IA topics for submission.
* Virtual Elodea Lab 1 (DCP)
* Candy War: Smarties vs M&Ms (All criteria)

## RECOMMMENDED TEXTS: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

* Further Investigations in Biology (Vol 1): Cells and Biochemistry. Billiet, P. et al. IBID Press, 2002. ISBN 1 876659 068
* Instant Notes: Chemistry for Biologists. Fisher, J and Arnold, JRP. BIOS Scientific, 2000. ISBN 1 85996 241 6