OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mujje Tulye from Uganda/Finishing touches

The way food is presented on a plate contributes to how much someone will eat. A person can lose or gain appetite , depending on how food is presented.
Different cultures on Uganda serve food differently with some being more artistic than others. The trend continues from homes to restaurants where traditional cuisine is served and in contemporary cooking.
Among the Baganda, food was traditionally served in banana leaves.Sauce was served in luwombo put in a small basket. Food that included matooke, potatoes, cassava and rice, were served on a big banana leaf from where everyone scooped.
With modernity and the wide spread use of plates, food is now served on plates and in dishes, but with the luwombo still being served in banana leaves, but placed non a plate and not in a basket.
Among the Bayankole and Batoro, karo was served in small baskets that had covers. These baskets were decorated and the appearance encouraged someone to eat. This is still done today. The bayankole serve fermented millet (bushera) as a special drink on cultural functions in calabashes.
The culture of being artistic when serving food is still upheld even today. From road side stalls, ordinary restaurants, top restaurants and hotels, a lot of effort is put in presenting food.
At a road side side stall, when preparing a Rolex, the cook will cut tomatoes round and onions vertically then added some cabbages before wrapping it. A Rolex can be eaten without these but it is a final touch that is meant to satisfy a customer and make them come back again. Cassava, roasted maize and grass hoppers can be served either wrapped in a piece of paper, in a polythene bag or in a small disposable plastic container, especially for the grass hoppers. The ones in a container will cost more but people will buy since it is more hygienic and appealing.
In pork joints, pork is served with boiled cassava, avocado, and vegetable salad, all put on a tray. The additions to the pork are meant to give a customer something extra. It is these that the customer notice on top of the quality of the pork.
In ordinary restaurants, food is served on a separate plate from the sauce. Ugandans prefer to eat a variety of foods at a given meal. Yam, matooke, potatoes and rice will be arranged on a plate with none overlapping. If the main sauce is meat, a splash of beans or ground nut sauce, small portion of fried collard greens will be put on the plate of food to complement the meal.
Final touches on special occasions like weddings and parties, are a way to show case cultural richness and to add value to the event. They are part of food preparation and depending on the way they are done, they can ruin or make a meal.
# Mujje Tulye from Uganda/Photo Montage from Wiki Loves Africa photo contest

The theme for the 2014 photo contest was "Wiki Loves Africa Cuisine". In Uganda, the team focused on the various types of cuisine, both traditional and contemporary. We looked at the "foods", "dishes", "crops", "husbandry", "culinary art", "cooking methods", "utensils" and "food markets". The project was undertaken in a period of two months, from October 1 to November 30, 2014.
We visited markets, restaurants, schools of catering, gardens and homes, to capture every aspect of Ugandan cuisine. We looked at both the traditional and contemporary foods in Uganda and showcased the journey of Ugandan cuisine.
We uploaded 910 pictures that documented our journey through the two months from the food source to the plate.
# Mujje Tulye from Uganda/The Mujje Tulye collection
## Mujje Tulye – Celebrating local cuisine on a global platform

This WikiBook belongs to the Come and Eat collection, featuring Mujje Tulye (Come and Eat) from Uganda and Cote d'Ivoire. These two Mujje Tulye WikiBooks are the beginning of what we hope will be a series of similar WikiBooks that celebrates and provides recipes for local cuisine from different countries and cultures in Africa in a global format that is accessible to all.
The project started as a facet of WikiAfrica's Kumusha Takes Wiki project and was given impetus through the events that surrounded the Wiki Loves Africa 2014 competition. Wiki Loves Africa 2014 encouraged the donation of photos and media that illustrated all aspects of Cuisine from Africa including, but not limited to, production, procurement, processing, preparation, sales, and eating. During the competition volunteer groups in several countries, including Uganda and Cote d'Ivoire, held events such as cook-offs, cooking demonstrations, photo hunts, edit-a-thons and Wikipedia introduction sessions. The photos that you see illustrating this WikiBook were drawn from entries to the competition and from the work of the Wikipedians in Community in Uganda and Cote d'Ivoire who have gathered images from agrarian-based communities in their countries.

### Credits

People involved in these Mujje Tulye projects :
* Florence - (Anthere) - France
* Erina - (Erinamukuta) - Uganda
* Samuel - (African Hope) - Côte d'Ivoire
* Isla - (Islahaddow) - South Africa
* Ivan - (Faintsmoke) - Uganda
# Mujje Tulye from Uganda/Preparation: a Bugisu tribe recipe: the malewa
## Gisu

The Gisu people, or Bagisu people of Bugisu sub-region, are a tribe of the Masaba people of eastern Uganda, closely related to the Bukusu people of Kenya. Bagisu live mainly in the Mbale District of Uganda on the slopes of Mount Elgon. The Gisu undergo a circumcision ritual called the Imbalu. The ritual is held every two years during August. According to the 2002 national census, the Bugisu sub-region was home to an estimated 1 million people at that time.
The Bugisu sub-region consists of the following districts: Bududa District, Bulambuli District, Manafwa District, Sironko District and Mbale District.
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisu_people

## Malewa

Malewa is smoked bamboo shoot which is dried for preservation. The bamboo trees grow in the wild in eastern Uganda around Mt. Elgon.
Malewa originated from Eastern Uganda in the Bugisu sub-region. It was original eaten as food and later it started to be cooked as a sauce when mixed with ground simsim (sesame seed) or peanuts. Malewa is a major part of ceremonies in Bugisu e.g. Nbalu (circumcision), traditional weddings.

### Ingredients

* Malewa
* Water
* Salt
* Peanut paste

### Preparation

Malewa is boiled in water to clean it and then the joints of the shoot are cut off leaving the middle parts which are cut into smaller pieces. Rock salt is added to the boiled malewa to make it more tender. Finally peanut paste and salt are added and the sauce is simmered to acquire taste. The mallow sauce is served with either matooke, cassava, sweet potatoes, rice or posho (ugali).

### Variations

Malewa can be served and consumed raw, steamed or boiled.
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malewa
# Levantine Arabic/Clothes
## Clothes

| تياب tyāb أواعي 'awāʕi | clothes |
| توب tōb | garment, item of clothing |
| قميص 'amīṣ كنزة kanze (N) | shirt, blouse |
| بلوزة blūze | blouse |
| بنطلون banṭalōn | trousers, pants |
| صبّاط ṣubbāṭ (N) كندرة kundara (S) | shoes (pair of) |

## Washing and ironing

| غسيل ḡasīl | laundry; washing |
| نشّافة naššāfe مجفّف mjaffef (N) | clothes dryer |
| مكوى makwa مكواي mikwāy | iron |
| جحش كوي jaḥš kawi | ironing board |
| غسّالة ḡassāle | washing machine |
# Levantine Arabic/Adverbs
## Degree

| شويّ šwayy | a litte, a bit |
| كتير ktīr | very |
| أنجق 'anja' / بالكاد bil-kād | hardly, barely |
| عالآخر ʕal-'āḵer / عالخالص ʕal-ḵāles | totally, extremely |
| لألله la-'alla | “to Allah” |

## Frequency

| دايمًا dāyman | always |
| كتير مرّات ktīr marrāt | often |
| مرّات marrāt | sometimes |
| عادةً ʕādatan / بالعادة bil-ʕāde | usually, normally |
| قليل ما 'alīl-ma | seldom, rarely |
| بالمرّة bil-marra / أبدًا 'abadan | never, not at all (negated phrase) |

## Modality

| يمكن yimken / بلكي balki | maybe, perhaps |
| أكيد 'akīd / بالتأكيد bit-ta'kīd | certainly, definitely, for sure |
| طبعًا ṭabʕan / بالطبع biṭ-ṭabᵉʕ | of course, naturally |

## Time

| هلّا halla / halla' (most common), هسّا hassa (South) regional: هلقيت hal'ēt (Jerusalem), إسّا 'issa (Galilee) | now |
# Levantine Arabic

Levantine Arabic is a group of mutually intelligible dialects spoken in the Levant region of Western Asia.
It can be divided in North Levantine (spoken in Syria, Lebanon and parts of Turkey) and South Levantine (spoken in Jordan, Israel and Palestine). Levantine is also known as Amiya (العامية, al-ʿāmmiyya, meaning "colloquial") or as Shami (شامي, šāmi, meaning "Levantine"). It can also be designated by the name of one of its main dialects: Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian, or Jordanian.
This beginners course covers the urban accents of both variants. Where words or the pronunciation differ, they are marked with (N) for North and (S) for South Levantine.
Lessons cover grammar and vocabulary so that you can learn Levantine from scratch.

## Table of Contents
### Basics and grammar

* Pronunciation
* Negation and confirmation
* Personal pronouns
* Asking questions
* Verbs (introduction and overview of tenses)
** Verbs/Past
** Verbs/Subjunctive
** Verbs/Present
** Verbs/Imperative
** Verbs/Participles

### Vocabulary

* Introduction and greetings (saying hello, goodbye, introducing yourself)
* Adverbs (now, often, never, very, maybe, really etc.)
* Countries and nationalities (where you live, where you're from)
* Colours
* Clothes
* Family
* Numbers
* Time (time of the day and telling time)
* Asking for the date (days, weeks, months, years, seasons)
* Food, drink, and restaurant
* Shopping and bargaining (asking for price, ask when shops are open, etc.)
* Transportation, travel, and directions
* Work and business
* Religion
* Parts of the body
* Weather
* Sports
* Hobbies, leisure, and activities
* House (furniture, rooms, etc.)
* Verbs of motion (come, go, return, enter; walk, run, swim, climb, etc.)
* Verbs of perception (see, hear, feel, understand etc.)
* Animals
* School, studies, and education
* Justice
* Emotions and feelings
* Health
* Politics and government
* Nature and ecology
* Arts and culture
* Science, digital, and technology

## References

* ↑ Also spelled Ammiya, Amiyya, Ammiyya, 'Ammiyya, 'Ammiya, Amiyah, Ammiyah, Amiyyah, or Ammiyyah

## Bibliography

* The Olive Tree Dictionary: A Transliterated Dictionary of Eastern Arabic (Palestinian), J. Elihay, 2012, ISBN 9789657397060
* The 101 Most Used Verbs in Spoken Arabic: Jordan and Palestine, Fridrik E. Tiedemann, 15 January 2015, ISBN 978-1-942844-41-9, 1942844417
* Levantine Arabic Verbs: Conjugation Tables and Grammar, Matthew Aldrich, 8 July 2017, ISBN 0-9986411-3-8, 978-0998641133
* Levantine Colloquial Arabic Vocabulary, Matthew Aldrich, 22 January 2016 , ISBN 0692622586, 978-0692622582

## See also

* Levantine Arabic Templates
# Levantine Arabic/Colours

| Singular | Plural | |
| لون lōn | ألوان 'alwān | colour |
Basic colours are "defect" adjectives. They have a special feminine and plural form.
| Masculine | Feminine | Plural | |
| أحمر 'aḥmar | حمرا ḥamra | حمر ḥumᵒr | red |
| أصفر 'aṣfar | صفرا ṣafra | صفر ṣufᵒr | yellow |
| أخضر 'aḫḍar | خضرا ḫaḍra | خضر ḫuḍᵒr | green |
| أزرق 'azra' | زرقا zar'a | زرق zirᵉ' (N) / zurᵒ' (S) | blue |
| أسود 'aswad | سودا sōda | سود sūd | black |
| أبیض 'abyaḍ | بیضا bēḍa | بیض bīḍ | white |
Other colours are Nisba adjectives derived from nouns.
| Masculine | Feminine | |
| بردقاني burd'āni أورانج 'ōrãnj (Leb.) | بردقانية burd'āniyye | orange |
| نهدي nahdi / ليلكي lēlaki موف mōv (Leb.) | نهدية nahdiyye ليلكية lēlakiyye | purple |
| بنفسجي banafsaji | بنفسجية banafsajiyye | violet |
| زهري zahri / زهر zahᵉr | زهرية zahriyye | pink |
| بني binni | بنية binniyye | brown |
| رمادي ramādi سكني sakani (S) | رمادية ramādiyye سكنية sakaniyye (S) | grey |
| كحلي kuḥli | كحلية kuḥliyye | navy blue |
| خمري ḫamri | خمرية ḫamriyye | dark red |
| فضي fiḍḍi | فضية fiḍḍiyye | silver |
| دهبي dahabi | دهبية dahabiyye | gold |
As أرانج ('ōrãnj) and موف (mōv) are loanwords, they are invariable and don't have a feminine form.
# Let’s code.

You have to put the arrow in the box. The arrows are ↑, →, ←, and ↑. You have to get the dot to the flag. My code is:
__________________________________________________________________
Pages of the book are listed here. Press the words below the code.
# Levantine Arabic/Date
## Days

| يوم yōm | day |
| إيام 'iyyām / أيام 'ayyām | days |
| اليوم il-yōm | today |
| مبارح mbēreḥ / mbāreḥ | yesterday |
| أول مبارح 'awwal mbēreḥ/mbāreḥ | day before yesterday |
| بكرة bukra | tomorrow |
| بعد بكرة baʕd bukra | day after tomorrow |
| بعد تلات إيام baʕd tlāt 'iyyām (N) بعد تلت ايام baʕd talatt iyyām (S) | in three days |
| قبل ... إيام 'abᵉl ... (')iyyām من ... ايام min ... (')iyyām | ... days ago |
مبارح (mbēreḥ/mbāreḥ) is one of the few words that is often pronounced with "ē" even in South Levantine.
In South Levantine the numbers have a special form before a few words including the plural form of "days" and "months". A "t" sound is added and the hamza is removed from the next word.

## Weeks

| أسبوع 'usbūʕ / جمعة jumʕa | week |
| أسابيع 'asābīʕ / جمع jumaʕ | weeks |
| هالأسبوع hal-'usbūʕ هادا/هيدا الأسبوع hāda/hayda l-'usbūʕ | this week |
| الأسبوع الجاي il-'usbūʕ il-jāy | next week (lit. "the coming week") |
| الأسبوع الماضي il-'usbūʕ il-māḍi | last week (lit. "the past week") |

## Days of the weeks

| الأحد il-aḥad | Sunday |
| التنين it-tanēn / il-ᵉtnēn | Monday |
| التلاتا il-talāta | Tuesday |
| الأربعا il-'irbʕa (N) / il-'arbʕa (S) | Wednesday |
| الخميس il-ḫamīs | Thursday |
| الجمعة il-jumʕa | Friday |
| السبت is-sabᵉt | Saturday |

## Months

In colloquial speech, the names of the months are often replaced by cardninal numbers.
| Number | Month name | |
| | شهر šahᵉr | month |
| | أشهر 'ašhor | months |
| 1 | كانون التاني kānūn it-tāni | Janurary |
| 2 | شباط šbāṭ | February |
| 3 | أذار 'azār / أدار 'adār | March |
| 4 | نيسان nīsān | April |
| 5 | أيار 'ayyār | May |
| 6 | حزيران ḥazīrān | June |
| 7 | تموز tammūz | July |
| 8 | آب 'āb | August |
| 9 | أيلول 'ēlūl | September |
| 10 | تشرين الأول tišrīn il-'awwal | October |
| 11 | تشرين التاني tišrīn it-tāni | November |
| 12 | كانون الأول kānūn il-'awwal | December |

## Seasons

| فصل faṣᵉl | season |
| ربيع rabīʕ | spring |
| صيف ṣēf | summer |
| خريف ḫarīf | autumn |
| شتا šite (N) / šita (S) | winter |

## Years

| سنة sine (N) / sane (S) | year |
| سنين snīn | years |
# Linear Algebra/Topic: Cramer's Rule/Solutions
## Solutions
### Problem 1

Use Cramer's Rule to solve each for each of the variables.
* ${\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}x&-&y&=&4\\-x&+&2y&=&-7\end{array}}$
* ${\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}-2x&+&y&=&-2\\x&-&2y&=&-2\end{array}}$

### Answer

* $x=1$, $y=-3$
* $x=-2$, $y=-2$

### Problem 2

Use Cramer's Rule to solve this system for $z$.
    ${\begin{array}{*{4}{rc}r}2x&+&y&+&z&=&1\\3x&&&+&z&=&4\\x&-&y&-&z&=&2\end{array}}$

### Answer

$z=1$

### Problem 3

Prove Cramer's Rule.

### Answer

Determinants are unchanged by pivots, including column pivots, so $\det(B_{i})=\det({\vec {a}}_{1},\dots ,x_{1}{\vec {a}}_{1}+\dots +x_{i}{\vec {a}}_{i}+\dots +x_{n}{\vec {a}}_{n},\dots ,{\vec {a}}_{n})$ is equal to $\det({\vec {a}}_{1},\dots ,x_{i}{\vec {a}}_{i},\dots ,{\vec {a}}_{n})$ (use the operation of taking $-x_{1}$ times the first column and adding it to the $i$-th column, etc.). That is equal to $x_{i}\cdot \det({\vec {a}}_{1},\dots ,{\vec {a}}_{i},\dots ,{\vec {a}}_{n})=x_{i}\cdot \det(A)$, as required.

### Problem 4

Suppose that a linear system has as many equations as unknowns, that all of its coefficients and constants are integers, and that its matrix of coefficients has determinant $1$. Prove that the entries in the solution are all integers. (Remark.
This is often used to invent linear systems for exercises. If an instructor makes the linear system with this property then the solution is not some disagreeable fraction.)

### Answer

Because the determinant of $A$ is nonzero, Cramer's Rule applies and shows that $x_{i}=\left|B_{i}\right|/1$. Since $B_{i}$ is a matrix of integers, its determinant is an integer.

### Problem 5

Use Cramer's Rule to give a formula for the solution of a two equations/two unknowns linear system.

### Answer

The solution of
    ${\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}ax&+by&=&e\\cx&+dy&=&f\end{array}}$
is
    $x={\frac {ed-fb}{ad-bc}}\qquad y={\frac {af-ec}{ad-bc}}$
provided of course that the denominators are not zero.

### Problem 6

Can Cramer's Rule tell the difference between a system with no solutions and one with infinitely many?

### Answer

Of course, singular systems have $\left|A\right|$ equal to zero, but the infinitely many solutions case is characterized by the fact that all of the $\left|B_{i}\right|$ are zero as well.

### Problem 7

The first picture in this Topic (the one that doesn't use determinants) shows a unique solution case. Produce a similar picture for the case of infintely many solutions, and the case of no solutions.

### Answer

We can consider the two nonsingular cases together with this system
    ${\begin{array}{*{2}{rc}r}x_{1}&+&2x_{2}&=&6\\x_{1}&+&2x_{2}&=&c\end{array}}$
where $c=6$ of course yields infinitely many solutions, and any other value for $c$ yields no solutions.
The corresponding vector equation
    $x_{1}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}}+x_{2}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}2\\2\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}6\\c\end{pmatrix}}$
gives a picture of two overlapping vectors. Both lie on the line $y=x$. In the $c=6$ case the vector on the right side also lies on the line $y=x$ but in any other case it does not.
# Molecular Simulation/Free Energy Methods

Free energy perturbation and thermodynamic integration are molecular simulation methods to calculate the relative free energies (i.e., Gibbs or Helmholtz) of two states.
# Molecular Simulation/Definition of variables

| Variable | Quantity |
| ${\mathcal {V}}$ | potential energy |
| ${\mathcal {T}}$ | kinetic energy |
| H | enthalpy |
| U | internal energy |
| G | Gibbs energy |
| A | Helmholtz energy |
| $\mu$ | dipole moment |
| $\Theta$ | quadrupole moment |
| $q$ | charge |
# Molecular Simulation/Diffusion Coefficients
## Einstein Equation

$\langle |r(t)-r(0)|^{2}\rangle =6Dt$

## Green-Kubo Theory

The diffusion coefficient of a liquid can be calculated from the velocity autocorrelation function of an MD simulation in the canonical ensemble,
    $D=\int _{0}^{\infty }\langle v(t)\cdot v(t+\tau )\rangle d\tau$
where v(t) is the velocity of the particle at time t. Note that care must be taken in using an MD simulation with a stochastic thermostat, which introduce an external source of friction and random force.

## See Also

    Wikipedia:Einstein relation (kinetic theory)
    Wikipedia:Diffusion
# Molecular Simulation/Dielectric constants

The dielectric constant of a liquid can be calculated from the magnitude of the variance in the net dipole moment of a cubic simulation cell, M,
    $\epsilon =\epsilon _{\infty }+{\frac {4\pi (\langle M^{2}\rangle -\langle M\rangle ^{2})}{3\langle V\rangle k_{B}T}}$
where V is the volume of the simulation cell. $\epsilon _{\infty }$ is the infinite frequency dielectric constant. For non-polarizable models, this term is equal to 1.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Liberacorpus
## Overview

Liberacorpus is the countercharm to Levicorpus.

## Extended Description

This spell was invented by the Half-Blood Prince and recorded in the his copy of the Advanced Potion-Making textbook. Harry uses it after casting Levicorpus on a sleeping Ron Weasley, to release him.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Legilimens
## Overview

The Legilimens spell initiates Legilimency, the process of reading thoughts and feelings from a subject.

## Extended Description

Harry first encounters this spell when learning Occlumency from Professor Snape. Legilimency is the process of reading thoughts and feelings from a subject. A wizard or witch may use Legilimency to tell if someone is lying to them. Lord Voldemort is especially skilled at detecting lies using Legilimency. This may be countered by a wizard or witch if he or she is a skilled Occlumens, that is, skilled in Occlumency. Professor Snape appears to be proficient at legilimency and is definitely an accomplished Occlumens, even able to lie to Lord Voldemort.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Levicorpus
## Overview

Levicorpus levitates a victim in the air by their feet.

## Extended Description

This spell is one of the spells that Harry Potter learned from the Half-Blood Prince's Advanced Potion-Making textbook.
Harry first sees his father, James Potter, use this spell on Severus Snape in one of Snape's memories. Harry later attempts this spell on Ron not knowing what it would do.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Lobalug
## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Locomotor
## Overview

Used in the form "Locomotor object", e.g. "Locomotor trunk", this causes the named object to lift up and move as though the wizard casting the spell were carrying it.

## Extended Description

This spell is used numerous times in the books; it is used whenever a wizard needs to carry a large load at about a walking pace. When the spell is cast on an object (usually a trunk), the object lifts, and follows the spell-caster.

## Analysis

The Locomotor spell seems to be speed limited: in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Tonks uses this spell to bring Harry's trunk downstairs to where the rest of the Advance Guard are waiting; but it is then strapped to a broom for the high-speed journey to London, which probably means that the Locomotor spell is not strong enough to keep the trunk with Tonks at speed. It is apparently capable of lifting things up stairs, as Professor Flitwick uses this spell to help him carry Sybill Trelawney's trunks back up to her tower room, after Professor Umbridge sacks her in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.

## Greater Picture

Curiously, despite the apparent similarity to the spell Locomotor Mortis, first seen in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the latter is the Leg-Locker jinx, meaning that the "locomotor" in that case must refer to the victim's legs. Clearly there must be some mental component that changes the effect from that of causing a body to move, as we would expect from a casual inspection of the jinx. We also note that the equivalent for moving a body, as seen in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, is Mobilicorpus.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Locomotor Mortis
## Overview

Locomotor Mortis is the "leg-locker" curse. Similar in effect to the body bind, this spell causes only the legs to be bound together.

## Extended Description

We see this spell used only a very few times. Draco Malfoy uses it on Neville in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, though that is done off-stage and we only hear about it from Neville after he manages to hop into the Gryffindor Common Room. Harry Potter attempts to use it against Draco Malfoy in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince during their duel in the bathroom, but misses, shattering a cistern.

## Analysis

This spell is of limited utility as it leaves the target's wand arm free, so that he can either free himself or retaliate. It is likely to be useful only on a disarmed opponent or one without developed magical abilities. As such, it is probably a classic first-year sort of jinx, one that impedes the opponent but does not harm him particularly.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.