OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Proteomics/Post-translational Modification/Cross-linking

Previous Section: Proteolytic Processing Next Section: Glycosylation
* Introduction
* Proteolytic Processing
* Cross-linking
* Glycosylation
* Amino Group Modification
* Carboxyl Group Modifications

## References

* Influence of intramolecular cross-links on the molecular, structural and functional properties of PEGylated haemoglobin
Previous Section: Proteolytic Processing Next Section: Glycosylation
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Abra

| Basic: Abra | Stage 1: Kadabra | Stage 2: Alakazam |

## Basic statistics

* National Index: 63
* Johto Index: 89
* Hoenn Index: 39
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 0.9 meters (3.0 ft)
* Weight: 19.5 kilograms (43 lb)
* Gender Distribution: 75% Male
* Ability: Synchronize/Inner Focus
* Type: Psychic
* Species: Psi
* Egg Group: Humanshape
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 200
* Base Experience: 73
* Max Experience: 1059860
* Hold Item in Advance: Twistedspoon (5%)
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | 25 | 20 | 15 | 90 | 105 | 105 |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 25 | 20 | 15 | 90 | 105 | 55 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 25 | 20 | 15 | 90 | 105 | 55 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | 253 | 138 | 128 | 278 | 308 | 308 |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 253 | 138 | 128 | 278 | 308 | 208 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 254 | 152 | 141 | 306 | 339 | 229 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Abra: bug, ghost, dark Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Abra: fighting, psychic

## How to Evolve

Abra evolves at level 16.

## Moveset

| Level | Red / Blue | Yellow | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire Emerald XD / Colosseum | Fire Red Leaf Green |
| Start | Teleport | Teleport | Teleport | Teleport | Teleport | Teleport |

### TM/HM

* RB/Y/GS/C/RS/FL: Double Team, Flash, Psychic, Rest, Toxic
* RB/Y/RS/FL: Reflect
* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Frustration, Hidden Power, Protect, Rain Dance, Return, Shadow Ball, Sunny Day, Thief
* RB/Y: Bide, Body Slam, Counter, Double-Edge, Mega Kick, Mega Punch, Metronome, Mimic, Psywave, Rage, Seismic Toss, Skull Bash, Submission, Substitute, Take Down, Teleport, Thunder Wave, Tri Attack
* GS/C: Curse, Dream Eater, Dynamicpunch, Endure, Fire Punch, Headbutt, Ice Punch, Nightmare, Psych Up, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Thunderpunch, Zap Cannon
* RS/FL: Calm Mind, Façade, Focus Punch, Iron Tail, Light Screen, Safeguard, Secret Power, Shock Wave, Skill Swap, Snatch, Taunt, Torment

### Breeding

* GS/C/RS/FL: Barrier, Encore
* GS/C: Light Screen
* RS/FL: Fire Punch, Ice Punch, Knock Off, Thunderpunch

## Trading Cards

* Base Set #43 - Abra
* Team Rocket #49 - Abra
* Gym Heroes #91 - Sabrina's Abra
* Gym Challenge #93 - Sabrina's Abra
* Gym Challenge #94 - Sabrina's Abra
* Expedition #93 - Abra
* Skyridge #46 - Abra
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Absorb

Absorb is a Grass-type move. This move is available in all versions.

## Type Matching

Template:GrassType

## Move effects

Base Damage: 20 Accuracy: 100% Special Effects: Template:AbsorbDamage

## Pokemon who learn the move

| Pokemon | Level | Version |
| Beautifly | evolving | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Cacturn | start | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Kabuto | 10 | Gold, Silver, Crystal |
| Kabuto | 13 | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Kabuto | 34 | Red, Blue, Yellow |
| Lotad | 7 | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Roselia | start | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Shroomish | start | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Sunkern | start | Gold, Silver, Crystal, Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Tangela | 10 | Gold, Silver, Crystal, Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Tangela | 27 | Yellow |
| Tangela | 29 | Red, Blue |
| Treecko | 6 | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |

## Pokemon Contests

Appeal type: Smart Appeal level: 2 Jam: 3
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Acid

Acid is a Poison-type move. This move is available in all versions.

## Type Matching

Template:PoisonTypeOld

## Move effects

Base Damage: 40
Accuracy: 100%
Special Effects: Template:ReduceDefence

## Pokemon who learn the move

| Pokemon | Level | Version |
| Arbok | 38 | Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Arbok | 43 | Gold, Silver, Crystal |
| Arbok | 47 | Red, Blue, Yellow |
| Bellsprout | 23 | Gold, Silver, Crystal, Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Bellsprout | 26 | Red, Blue, Yellow |
| Ekans | 32 | Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Ekans | 37 | Gold, Silver, Crystal |
| Ekans | 38 | Red, Blue, Yellow |
| Gloom | 24 | Gold, Silver, Crystal, Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Gloom | 28 | Red, Blue, Yellow |
| Lileep | 15 | Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Oddish | 23 | Gold, Silver, Crystal, Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Oddish | 24 | Red, Blue, Yellow |
| Tentacool | 19 | Gold, Silver, Crystal, Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Weepinbell | 24 | Gold, Silver, Crystal, Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Fire Red, Leaf Green |
| Weepinbell | 29 | Red, Blue, Yellow |

## Egg Move

| Cacnea | Ruby, Sapphire, Fire Red, Leaf Green |

## Pokemon Contests

Appeal type: Smart
Appeal level: 1
Jam: 4
# Pokémon/Items/Careless Sash

The Careless Sash is an item in the Pokémon games. It is a variation of the Focus Sash. This item is a hypothetical item, meaning it has yet to appear in any officially released Pokémon games.

## Effect

If the holder of the Careless Sash is at full HP prior to taking damage, the item allows the holder to survive an attack that would otherwise knock it out from full health. If an attack would cause the holder to faint, the holder will instead hang on with an amount of HP equal to the number of careless mistakes the human player of the game made during the previous X seconds, where X is the total HP of the affected Pokémon.
For example, suppose that you, the human user of the Nintendo console you are using to play the game, made 6 careless mistakes during the last 3 days (259,200 seconds). If your Pokémon has 259,200 HP and is at full health, no amount of damage will cause your Pokémon to faint from full health; instead, any attack that would normally KO it will instead leave it at 6 HP. In the Pokémon games, the HP bar displays two numbers separated by a slash, with the number on the right being the Pokémon’s total HP and the number on the left being the Pokémon’s current HP, so in our example, this will be denoted as “6/259200”. By default, a Pokémon is at full HP so the two numbers are the same. For example, Pokémon that hatch from eggs are born with full HP, and most Pokémon have eleven or twelve hit points at level one, so this is denoted “11/11” or “12/12”. These look like the dates November 11 and December 12, but in this context, the expressions are being used as fractions, not dates. The fraction 6/17 has a value of 6/17 = 0.35294117… so a Pokémon with a total HP of 17 that currently has six hit points remaining has 35.294% of its total HP.
The Careless Sash becomes increasingly more effective during time intervals that are clumsier than the average interval of like duration, as the floor number below which the Pokémon’s HP cannot fall is directly equal to the number of careless mistake seconds in the interval. However, in practice, the difference between 6 hit points and 10 hit points is negligible on the scale of thousands or millions, so trying to have clumsy intervals of time just so you can power up the item is highly discouraged.
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Abomasnow
## Description

A snowy plantlike pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Grass and Ice type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 400% of their damage to Abomasnow: fire Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Abomasnow: poison, flying, bug, fighting, rock, steel Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Abomasnow: water, grass, electric, ground
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Absol
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 359
* Johto Index: 359
* Hoenn Index: 152
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 1.2m/3'11"
* Weight: 47kg/104.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Pressure
* Type: Dark
* Species: Disaster
* Egg Group: Ground
* Hatch Steps: 6400
* Catch Rate: 30
* Base Experience: 174
* Max Experience: 1059860
* Hold Item in Advance: none
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 65 | 130 | 60 | 75 | 75 | 60 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 334 | 394 | 240 | 273 | 273 | 240 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Absol: fighting, bug, fairy Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Absol: ghost, dark Moves that deal 0% of their damage to Absol: psychic

## Movelist

| Level | Ruby / Sapphire / Emerald XD / Colosseum | Fire Red Leaf Green |
| Start | Scratch | Scratch |
| 5 | Leer | Leer |
| 9 | Taunt | Taunt |
| 13 | Quick Attack | Quick Attack |
| 17 | Razor Wind | Razor Wind |
| 21 | Bite | Bite |
| 26 | Sword Dance | Sword Dance |
| 31 | Double Team | Double Team |
| 36 | Slash | Slash |
| 41 | Future Sight | Future Sight |
| 46 | Perish Song | Perish Song |

### TM/HM

* RS/FL: Aerial Ace, Attract, Blizzard, Calm Mind, Cut, Double Team, Facade, Fire Blast, Flamethrower, Flash, Frustration, Hail, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Ice Beam, Iron Tail, Protect, Rain Dance, Rest, Return, Rock Smash, Sandstorm, Secret Power, Shadow Ball, Shock Wave, Snatch, Strength, Sunny Day, Taunt, Thief, Thunder, Thunderbolt, Torment, Toxic, Water Pulse

### Breeding

* RS/FL: Baton Pass, Curse, Double-Edge, Faint Attack, Magic Coat, Substitute

## Trading Cards

* EX Dragon #1 - Absol
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Linux Install
## RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home (e)

    Overview
    Planning Your Time
    Events
    Creating Printed Lab Handbooks
    Local Manual of Style
    Bullpen (Newly Contributed Content)
    Expanded Table of Contents

#### Part I: Setting Up RAC

* Hardware and Windows Preparation
* Linux Install
* Create Cluster
* Grid Install (ASM)
* Grid Install (Shared Filesystem)
* RAC Install
* Create Database
* Rolling Patches

#### Part II: Exploring RAC

* Clusterware Testing
* Services, Failover and Load Balancing
* RAC SQL and PLSQL
* RAC Backups and Recovery
Prev: Hardware and Windows Preparation

## Linux Install

* Create VM
* Prep for OS Installation
* OS Installation
* Wrap-up OS Installation
* Create RAC Attack DVD
* Prep for Oracle
Next: Create Cluster
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Install Instant Client

Prev: Clusterware Testing
* Install Instant Client
* Service Failover
* Connection Failover
* Runtime Failover
* Client Load Balancing
* Server Load Balancing
Next: RAC SQL and PLSQL
In order to test failover it would be best to connect from a client outside the cluster, so we'll start by downloading and installing Oracle's Basic Instant Client (English-only) and the Instant Client SQLPlus package.
* Login to the node collabn1 as user oracle and open a connection to the database as SYSDBA and unlock the SH user account. Also grant DBA access. SQL> alter user sh identified by sh account unlock; User altered. SQL> grant dba to sh; Grant succeeded.
* Download Oracle's Basic (English-only) Instant Client and Oracle's Instant Client SQLPlus package. The lab instructor may have made them available, or they can also be downloaded from Oracle's website here: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/winsoft-085727.html The two files you need are:
** instantclient-basiclite-*.zip
** instantclient-sqlplus-*.zip
* Each archive contains a folder named "instantclient_11_2". Extract this folder (from both archives) into C:\. (In Explorer you can drag-and-drop or you can choose "Extract All" from the File menu.)
* Edit c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts and add IP addresses for the RAC nodes. Your database connections won't work without this - you can't just create a tnsnames that uses IP addresses. Try it out by doing step 4 a few times in a row before this step. Does step 4 sometimes just hang? Do you know why? We'll explore it more later... 192.168.78.250 collab-scan.vm.ardentperf.com collab-scan 192.168.78.61 collabn1-vip.vm.ardentperf.com collabn1-vip 192.168.78.62 collabn2-vip.vm.ardentperf.com collabn2-vip 192.168.78.51 collabn1.vm.ardentperf.com collabn1 192.168.78.52 collabn2.vm.ardentperf.com collabn2
* Test your Instant Client installation by connecting to the database. C:\instantclient_11_2> sqlplus sh/sh@//collab-scan/RAC.vm.ardentperf.com
* Create a TNSNAMES files and copy the RAC, RAC1 and RAC2 entries from either cluster database node. C:\instantclient_11_2> notepad C:\instantclient_11_2\tnsnames.ora RAC = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = collab-scan)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.vm.ardentperf.com) ) ) RAC2 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = collabn-scan)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.vm.ardentperf.com) (INSTANCE_NAME = RAC2) ) ) RAC1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = collabn-scan)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.vm.ardentperf.com) (INSTANCE_NAME = RAC1) ) )
* Test your TNSNAMES by setting the TNS_ADMIN environment variable and running SQLPLUS. C:\instantclient_11_2>set TNS_ADMIN=c:\instantclient_11_2 C:\instantclient_11_2>sqlplus sh/sh@RAC
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Install VMware Server

* Hardware and Windows Minimum Requirements
* Install VMware Server
* Setup Virtual Networks
* Setup Virtual Storage
* Download Oracle Enterprise Linux
Next: Linux Install
* These labs have been tested with version 2.0.1 of VMware Server. Go to the VMware Server website at http://www.vmware.com/go/getserver
* Register for an account if you don't have one already. These labs have been tested with version 2.0.1 of VMware Server.
** Write down your license number.
** If you are at home, then download VMware Server. If you are at a RAC Attack event then the instructor-provided Jumpstart Drive contains a copy of VMware Server, so that you don't need to download it. (However you still need a license number from the VMware website.)
* Run the VMware Installer
* Accept the license agreement and all default options during the installation process.
* Enter your license information, which is visible at the VMware website on the same page where you downloaded the software.
* Reboot your computer if you are asked by the VMware installer.
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Increase CRS Fencing Timeout (Shared Filesystem)

Prev: Create Cluster
* Setup OCFS2
* Cluster Verification Utility (Shared Filesystem)
* 11gR2 Bug Workaround
* Install Grid Infrastructure (Shared Filesystem)
* Increase CRS Fencing Timeout (Shared Filesystem)
Next: RAC Install
These steps are not necessary for a test or production environment. However they might make your VMware test cluster just a little more stable and they will provide a good learning opportunity about Grid Infrastructure.
* Grid Infrastructure must be running on only one node to change these settings. Shutdown the clusterware on collabn2 as user root. [oracle@collabn1 ~]$ ssh collabn2 Last login: Wed Mar 30 14:50:49 2011 Set environment by typing 'oenv' - default is instance RAC1. collabn2:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ su - Password: racattack [root@collabn2 bin]# crsctl stop crs CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'collabn2' CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'collabn2' CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'collabn2' ... ... ... CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'collabn2' has completed CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
* Return to node collabn1. As the root user, increase the misscount so that CRS waits 1.5 minutes before it reboots. (VMware can drag a little on some laptops!) [root@collabn1 ~]# crsctl get css misscount 30 [root@collabn1 ~]# crsctl set css misscount 90 Configuration parameter misscount is now set to 90.
* Increase the disktimeout so that CRS waits 10 minutes for I/O to complete before rebooting. [root@collabn1 ~]# crsctl get css disktimeout 200 [root@collabn1 ~]# crsctl set css disktimeout 600 Configuration parameter disktimeout is now set to 600.
* Restart CRS on the other node. [root@collabn1 bin]# ssh collabn2 [root@collabn2 bin]# crsctl start crs
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/OS Installation

Prev: Hardware and Windows Preparation
* Create VM
* Prep for OS Installation
* OS Installation
* Wrap-up OS Installation
* Create RAC Attack DVD
* Prep for Oracle
Next: Create Cluster
* Click the Console tab. You might see a message saying that the Remote Console Plug-in is not installed. If you see this message then click Install plug-in and follow the directions before continuing. (Note: you may be asked to restart your computer during this process.)
* When the plugin is installed, you should see a large “play” button in the center of the console. Click on the play button to start the VM.
* When you see the square boxes, click anywhere to open a console window.
* A new window will now open - outside of your web browser. If you opened this window soon after starting the Virtual Machine, then you will see the boot screen of the Oracle Enterprise Linux installer. At first, this new console window will ignore your keyboard and mouse. Click inside the new console window and it will begin accepting your keyboard and mouse. Anytime your keyboard and mouse are stuck in the VMware Virtual Machine, you can press CTRL and ALT together to move them outside the VM. If you still see the boot screen then you may press enter to continue, or just wait for it to automatically continue.
* Choose to SKIP the media test.
* Choose NEXT when the first installer screen comes up.
* Accept the default English language and choose Next.
* Choose US English keyboard layout and click Next.
* Select YES to initialize the drive.
* Accept the default layout (with no encryption) and choose NEXT.
* Choose YES to remove all partitions.
* Set the hostname to collabn1.vm.ardentperf.com and leave DHCP enabled before choosing NEXT.
* Choose the timezone where you are located! Let the system clock run on UTC though.
* Set the root password to racattack
* Choose Customize Now – but don't choose any "additional tasks". Then click NEXT.
* Select only these package groups, then click NEXT to continue: CategorySelections Desktop EnvironmentsGnome Desktop Environment ApplicationsEditors Graphical Internet Text-based Internet DevelopmentDevelopment Libraries Development Tools ServersServer Configuration Tools Base SystemAdministration Tools Base System Tools X Window System Do not choose Cluster Storage or Clustering.
* Choose NEXT to start the installation.
* Choose REBOOT when the installation is complete.
* After the machine reboots – when you wee the Welcome screen – choose FORWARD.
* ACCEPT the license and choose FORWARD.
* DISABLE the firewall and choose FORWARD. Confirm by clicking YES.
* DISABLE SELinux before choosing FORWARD. Confirm with YES.
* Leave Kdump disabled and choose FORWARD.
* Leave the clock alone (with the wrong time) and click FORWARD.
* Don't create a user; click FORWARD. Choose CONTINUE to confirm.
* Choose FORWARD to skip sound card config.
* Choose FINISH to close the installer. Click OK to reboot.
* After reboot you will see a login screen.
# Practical Electronics/Glossary
## A

* Astable. An astable is a device that has no stable state, and oscillates continuously between the on and off states. An example is the 555 Timer IC in astable mode.

## B

* Bistable. A bistable has two stable output state - on and off. Either state can remain indefinitely until reset or changed. An example is a flip-flop.

## C

* Capacitance. This is the amount of charge that a capacitor or other device stores per volt of charging potential. It is measured in farads (F).
* Capacitor. A capacitor is a component that stores electric charge.
* Cycle. One complete repetition of a periodic signal.

## D

* Diodes. A diode is a semiconductor device that allows charge to flow in one direction only.

## F

* Farad. This is the unit of capacitance. One farad means that for every volt of charging potential, one coulomb of charge is stored on the capacitor's plates.
* Frequency. The frequency of a signal is the number of times it repeats per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz).

## G

* Graticule. The grid overlay on the screen of an oscilloscope.

## H

* Hertz. The unit of frequency. One hertz means one cycle per second.

## I

* Impedance.

## J

* Joule. The joule is the unit of energy. It is equal to the energy require to lift a weight of one newton one metre in a gravitational field of ten metres per second per second (m s$^{-2}$)

## M

* Monostable. A monostable is a device that has a stable state, and if disturbed from this state, it will revert back to the stable state after a given time.
* Multivibrator. Any of a class of digital circutis used to implement a variety of two-state systems like monostables, astables, flip-flops, etc.

## O

* One-shot. A one-shot multivibrator is another name for a monostable.

## P

** Pull-up/Pull-down Resistors. These are resistors connected between a power rail and a logic input to ensure a valid input voltage is present under all conditions.

## Q

* Quiescent current. This is current that flows though a device when there is no load present and which contributes nothing to the circuit's function. It is usually on the order of microamperes or milliamperes. It is also called leakage current. CMOS ICs have particularly low quiescent currents.

## T

* Thermistor. A resistor which chances in resistance depending on its temperature.
* Thyristor. A transistor that latches on once activated.
* Transient. A transient is a very short voltage change introduced into a circuit through poor voltage regulation or as a side effect of certain other techniques.
* Transistor. An electronic switch that is widely used in most aspects of electronics.

## V

* Volt. The unit of potential difference. A potential difference of one volt means that each coulomb of charge has one joule of energy.
* Voltage. Another, less exact but more common, term for potential difference.

## W

* Watt. The unit of power. One watt means that one joule of energy is used per second.