OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bartending/Drinkware/Storing glassware

The storage of glassware is an important aspect of any bar, be it commercial or in the home. Proper storage of glassware helps reduce breakage, keeps things readily accessible, and encourages good hygiene.

## General Principles

Glassware, regardless of the material of construction, should be stored face-down, either hung from appropriate supports (such as glass rails), or on anti-slip mats somewhere within easy reach of the bartender. This prevents both potentially dangerous chipping of the rim of the glass as well as the ingress of dust, dead insects and other detritus found in most every room. Glasses which do not nest should not be stacked, as the stack may collapse when unstable. Moreover, even if glasses are designed to stack they should not be stacked if they have just come out of the washer, as the warmer glasses may contract and shatter glasses they sit atop.
Glasses should be periodically inspected for chips or scratches, and those damaged glasses discarded immediately -- sudden heat from washers or sudden cold from bar ice or chilled drinks can cause structurally weakened glass to shatter, and chipped glass may cut drinkers.
Delicate stemware should be stored away from heavy-bottomed glasses, and more frequently-stored glasses (depending on the establishment) stored nearer the bartender and in greater quantity. Finally, glassware should be stored away from edges, elbows and other moving hazards.
# Bartending/Equipment/Utensils/Bottle opener

The lever mechanism of opening a traditional crown cap bottle is simple enough, although its applications into professional bartending have varied in implementation significantly. Today there are a wide variety of bottle openers and they can vary in function and fashion distinctly. Each design can provide advantages to its target work place and staff particularly with regards to speed of service.

## Bottle Openers
#### Standard Bottle Opener

At some point or another we have all come across the simple bottle opener. It's hard not to find one on just about any functional accessory these days. The design is simple and it's often easy to miss on your decorative keyring or new kitchen utensil. In a professional context the simple bottle openers don't have much of a place as they tend to be designed for domestic use only.

#### Waiter's Friend

A waiter's friend is a strange swiss army knife looking contraption that every waiter will know and most bartenders will have heard of. It is effectively an all in one bottle opener with each component fold-able out of the handle as and when it's needed. The small blade arm is designed to slice the plastic or paper covering from the rim of wine bottles. The corkscrew is used to pull out the cork and on some pieces the simple bottle opener doubles up as a lever to aid in the decorking of wine bottles.

#### Bar Blade

The bar blade or 'speed opener' is one of the most useful pieces of equipment to any bartender. It's sturdy and long design allows for effortless bottle opening through lever action and is easily pocketed after use. The clean cut edges of the blade itself also make it a useful tool for slicing through packing tape and prying open boxes of stock. It's not uncommon to be told that if the blade is not soaked in alcohol by the end of the shift, the bartender hasn't been working very hard. It is the most widely used design in professional bartending worldwide and is often used for a number popular bartending tricks.

#### Wall Mounted & Magnetic Openers

Wall mounted and magnetic openers are a recent invention that allows a standard bottle opener to be attached to a vertical or horizontal surface. This makes the opener static and a go-to point on the bar for bottle opening. Some models have a magnetic catch attachment where the caps are automatically collected after being popped.

#### Miscellaneous Bottle Openers

There a a number of alternate ways to open bottles that are now obsolete in light of recent implementations of the lever design although some old models are retained for sentimental purposes. A churchkey is a prime example of such a model that is somewhat outdated but is still widely collected and in some places still manufactured today.
A cork puller is an example of another form of outdated wine bottle opener but is now no longer used professionally apart from certain select establishments.
# Bartending/Garnishes

Book Citation: The following text on drinks and bartending contains information based on The Official Harvard Student Agencies Bartending Course, Third Edition, ISBN 0-312-25286-2
Garnishes include things like fruit wedges and onions.

## Lemon slices

A good supply of lemon slices is a must.Generally a slice of lemon is added to gin and tonics but can be requested for various other drinks.

## Lemon twists

You should cut up at least one peel for lemon twists at the beginning of each night.
Generally, you won't need many more than a peel's worth if that much. You should keep a few lemon wedges around as well, for the occasional lemony-fresh patron.
To use a lemon twist, twist the peel skin side down over the drink to release the essential oils into the drink and rub the skin side around the lip of the glass not the white part and drop it in the drink.

## Lime wedges

Cut your wedges from a Persian lime, the most common type, not a key lime which is smaller and yellower. The reason for this is because while they are similar, two different flavors are produced.
Always keep your limes refrigerated to ensure the customer, or friend for that matter, is getting the best quality lime. Also, cut the limes as you need them, not before hand. Unless you know you are going to need a lot, cutting them fresh is a must.

## Cherries

Use stemmed maraschino cherries, because they're easier to get out of the glass; some bar patrons may also enjoy tying the stems in knots inside their mouths. Do not get cherries soaked in rum or other alcohols; make sure your cherries are alcohol-free, as even small bits of alcohol can be extremely dangerous for drinkers with alcohol allergies.
Keep a lot of cherries around.

## Orange Flag

This is a cherry speared onto an orange slice. A "sex on the beach" uses this garnish as do many other mixed drinks.

## Olives

Olives should be green, pitted, and without pimento.
If Martinis are very popular at your bar, you want to keep a good supply of olives in stock.
Nowadays it is common to find olives stuffed with different cheeses, such as gorgonzola, blue cheese, and provolone. Jalapeño stuffed olives are also gaining popularity in the South-West region of the United States.

## Onions

Small cocktail onions, the size of marbles, are used for Gibsons. Not many people order Gibsons; you should make sure you're prepared, but not over prepared.

## Orange slices

Orange slices are another popular garnish.

## Mint Leaves

Mint leaves are required to make certain mixed drinks such as a Mojito and a Mint Julep. Mint leaves should be fresh, wrapped in a damp papertowel and refrigerated.

## Spices

Some drinks can use spices, such as cinnamon or nutmeg, as a garnish. These are particularly common in dairy-based drinks, like egg nogs, white russians, and alexanders, among others.
# Bartending/Help/How to add recipes
## Cocktails

This wikibook uses a simple format for cocktails:
The article should be entitled Bartending/Cocktails/Name_Of_Cocktail
# Bartending/Equipment/Utensils

A bartender requires many tools to work his magic. They include:
* Bottle opener
* Bottle sealers
* Can opener
* Corkscrew
* Cutting board and a sharp knife
* Electric blender
* Ice bucket with ice tongs
* Juice squeezer
* Long spoon
* Jigger or other types of measuring cups
* Mixing glass
* Muddler
* Shaker and strainer
* Towels
And of course, the glasses.
# Bartending/Glossary/Drink terms

* Apéritifs - an alcoholic beverage usually served before a meal to stimulate the appetite
* Dash
* Digestif - an alcoholic beverage served after a meal, in theory to aid digestion
* Dry - a property of that describes the lack of a sweet taste
* Neat - without ice
* On the Rocks - with ice
* Straight Up - an alcoholic drink that is shaken or stirred with ice and then strained and served without ice
# Biostatistics with R/Vital Statistics
## Summary of Formulars with R

| Formular Number | Name | Formular | Formular with R |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
# Blended Learning in K-12/Application of Blended Learning in K-12

While e-learning with no face-to-face contact may be a practical method of instructional delivery for college student, it is often not suitable for younger students. When implemented correctly, blended learning can provide the best of both traditional classroom learning and the use of web-based resources more appropriate for students in grades K-12. It should be noted, however, that in some cases, online learning for high school students is available, but also appropriate. In a traditional classroom, blended learning provides elementary and high school students with direct contact with a teacher, while also utilizing resources that extend the learning experience beyond what is available in the classroom. These resources include live synchronous experiences (video-conferencing, instant messaging, chat rooms, virtual classroom), asynchronous collaboration (e-mail, threaded discussions, online bulletin boards, listserve), and self-paced learning experiences (web learning modules, online resource links, simulations, and online assessment). School districts that encourage blended learning may realize benefits that include cost savings and the opportunity to provide unique learning opportunities to their students. The following pages describe blended learning techniques which vary in their application based on the grade level for which they are utilized.
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Using the sequencer to compile frames into an animation

| previous module: "Flying Through A Canyon" | • Table of Contents • Glossary | next module: "Further Rendering Options" |

## Preamble

When you render an animation, often it's a good idea to render the individual frames and then compile them into the animation. This has several benefits over rendering directly to a movie file. Some of them are these:
** If you discover a mistake in the render, you can modify sections of the animation and rerender those frames without having to rerender the whole animation.
** If the render crashes because the power went out or, (psst), blender crashed, you can pick up the render at the last rendered frame without having to rerender the whole animation

## Tutorial

* Open your animation in blender
Begin by opening blender to an animation that is ready to be rendered.
* If you don't have one and don't want to wait to long, just download the demo file from blender.org For You
* The output format should stay PNG. Though you can use any image format you want, I recommend PNG because it is lossless format.
* Set the file output location.
Set the location on your file system where you want all the frames to be saved to.
* Set Endframe to match the animation
If you animated 500 frames, set the end frame to that same number. the default is 250.
* Render the animation!
Simply press the "Render" button under the render tab.
* For "For You", you only need to click Num0 and go to "Render" in the menu bar. Then click on "OpenGL Render Animation". For exercise, 100 frames must be enough.

## Use the Sequencer to compile the images into a movie file

* Open a new blender and delete everything except the camera.
* Change the 3d window into the "Video Sequencer Editor" window.
* Add the images to the sequencer.
On the bottom of the sequencer window click Add>>Image then browse to the location where you saved the images, Press A to select all the images and finally press “Add Image Strip" on the top-right.
* Set final movie format.
* Set the location that the movie will be saved to by changing the output path.
* Change the End Frame.
* Render!
Just Press the Render "Animation" button and wait a few seconds till it's done. Browse to the location you saved your movie and enjoy the animation.
| previous module: "Flying Through A Canyon" | • Table of Contents • Glossary | next module: "Further Rendering Options" |
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Using Blender Libraries

You can append libraries in two ways. You can make a local copy of data blocks (like objects, meshes, ...) of the content of a .blend file in your .blend file (appending) or you can use data blocks from another .blend file (dynamic linking).
You can Append with the command in the 3d view File -> Append or SHIFT+F1. When you give this command a file browser window opens. There are two buttons Append and Link at the bottom of the window. The default action is appending. But you can use dynamic linking selecting the link button.
At this point select the .blend file to append. You can select one of the following data blocks type to append:
* Group
* Mesh
* Object
* Scene
* Text
* World
* (not complete yet)
Note that this is a complete list, when you append only block types present in the file will appear. Select the desired type. Now you can select the particular data block to append by selecting its id.

## Indirect linking

When you give an append or link command almost all relations between data blocks in Blender get expanded. For example, when you link (or append) a specific Group, all its objects, the meshes associated with the objects, the materials and the animations will be linked (or appended) too. That is called "indirect linking". When you use dynamic linking such indirect linked data is not stored when you save a .blend file, when you load the file again blender will look for the indirect linked data blocks in the library file.

## Groups

When you append a Group, blender will also create links in the current Scene to the objects that are part of the group. The Objects then become visible. However, when you decide to dynamic link a Group, it won't do that. To use the objects in your blender project you can use the group as a duplicator "SHIFT+AKEY -> Group menu -> group id to duplicate".

## See also

* http://www.blender.org/cms/Library_Linking.769.0.html
* http://www.blender.org/cms/Blender_Architecture.336.0.html
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Using an empty object for coordinates of the textures

Next page: Basic Animation Previous page: Intermediate Textures and Materials -- Back to Index
So, you've read the tutorials on how to model, or you've used Blender before... Cool. Now what? You've created a nice model, you know how to animate it, but you want your textures in a way that Blender won't let you use by default.
Well, don't despair. Blender's not out of resources for you just yet.
I'll take a simple model, and I'll assume you know how to set the camera, render settings to default and add an object.
I'm going to create a simple representation of our planet Earth. Images for that can be found on the web, and there's a finished blender file ready linked at the bottom of this tutorial which has the textures packed in it.
First you get rid of the cube from the default scene. Keep the light and the camera as is. Next add a sphere, go back to object mode and add an empty from the add menu (screenshot below).
Once you added it, you want to add a material to the sphere. Look at another page on how to do that. Once you have the material added, add a texture to the material. Once added, select the type, image.
Load the image (in this case the image is packed within the example blender file) as the texture. Use whatever options you want for the image to appear correct in the preview window.
Once the texture applies to the material, go back to the materials tab (red sphere). There, look for the Map Input tab, and open it. Select Object, and enter the name of the empty object. In this case it will be "Empty" (it is case sensitive, so watch out).
File:Object input.jpg
Now try and animate a rotation on the empty, say 360 degrees in 360 frames. (See another tutorial to learn how to do that). Don't move the sphere, and render the animation.
TADA! The earth seems to rotate, but the object doesn't... Now parent the empty to the sphere, so that when you grab the sphere you don't forget to move the empty accordingly. (alt-p after selecting first the empty then the sphere). You can now create really cool animations, where the earth rotates around the sun and on itself, but you only need to worry about the revolution of the earth, not its own rotation. I haven't done that part of the animation, but give it a try, and admire your skills at making earth go round around the sun... Or not!
Next page: Basic Animation Previous page: Intermediate Textures and Materials -- Back to Index
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Using proper copyright RE:Blender
## Blender and the GNU GPL license

Blender is free software, in the sense of liberty, not as in price (although Blender also comes without a cost, think "free speech" instead of "free beer"). Its source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (or the GNU GPL, for short). However, anything you create in Blender is considered your own work, and you can license it however you wish. For example, if you create a house in Blender, you can save it as a .blend file and license that individually, or render it and then sell the image.
The same goes for screenshots. Even though individual elements, such as the icons or the Blender logo, are licensed under the GNU GPL, you can still take screenshots of Blender and upload them under your own license! For more information, check out the Blender License page and the Blender FAQ page.

## Uploading and using screenshots and other images in modules

You can take a screenshot in Blender by going to Window → Save Screenshot. You can then upload this screenshot (or other media files) to Commons by using their Upload Wizard, which will walk you through each step, or by using the form at Special:Wizard. You can include templates such as the {{Free screenshot}} template to specify more about using the file. After uploading, you can include the file in a module by using [[File:Image.png]] (replacing Image.png with the name of your file.
# Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/Pulsed field gradient

A Pulsed field gradient is a short, timed pulse with spatial dependent field intensity. Any gradient is identified by four characteristics: axis, strength, shape and duration.
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) techniques are key to magnetic resonance imaging, spatially selective spectroscopy and studies of diffusion via NMR. PFG techniques are widely used as an alternative to phase cycling in modern NMR spectroscopy.

## Common field gradients in NMR

The effect of a uniform magnetic field gradient in the z-direction on spin I, is considered to be a rotation around z-axis by an angle = γ$_I$Gz; where G is the gradient magnitude and γ$_I$ is the gyromagnetic ratio of spin I. It introduces a phase factor to the magnetizations:
Φ (z,τ) = γ$_I$zGτ
The time duration τ is of order ms.
# Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/Protomap (proteomics)

PROTOMAP is a recently developed proteomic technology for identifying changes to proteins that manifest in altered migration by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. It is similar, conceptually, to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and difference gel electrophoresis in that it enables global identification of proteins that undergo altered electrophoretic migration resulting from, for example, proteolysis or post-translational modification. However, it is unique in that all proteins are sequenced using mass spectrometry which provides information on the sequence coverage detected in each isoform of each protein thereby facilitating interpretation of proteolytic events.
PROTOMAP is performed by resolving control and experimental samples in separate lanes of a 1D SDS-PAGE gel. Each lane is cut into evenly spaced bands (usually 15-30 bands) and proteins in these bands are sequenced using shotgun proteomics. Sequence information from all of these bands are bioinformatically integrated into a visual format called a peptograph which plots gel-migration in the vertical dimension (high- to low-molecular weight, top to bottom) and sequence coverage in the horizontal dimension (N- to C-terminus, left to right). A peptograph is generated for each protein the sample (thousands of peptographs are generated from a single experiment) and this data format enables rapid identification of proteins undergoing proteolytic cleavage by making evident changes in gel-migration that are accompanied by altered topography.
PROTOMAP stands for PRotein TOpography and Migration Analysis Platform and was invented and developed by Ben Cravatt and colleagues at The Scripps Research Institute.

## References

* ↑ Johnson CE, Kornbluth S (2008). "Caspase cleavage is not for everyone". Cell. 134 (5): 720–1. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.019. PMID 18775303. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
* ↑ Dix MM, Simon GM, Cravatt BF (2008). "Global mapping of the topography and magnitude of proteolytic events in apoptosis". Cell. 134 (4): 679–91. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.038. PMC 2597167. PMID 18724940. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
# Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/Pulse sequence

In Fourier Transform NMR spectroscopy and imaging, a pulse sequence describes a series of radio frequency pulses applied to the sample, such that a free induction decay is induced whose signal can be recorded in the time domain. After applying a Fourier Transform, the signal can be represented in the frequency domain as the NMR spectrum. In Magnetic Resonance Imaging, additional gradient pulses are being applied by switching magnetic fields that exhibit a space-dependent gradient which can be used to reconstruct, after Fourier Transform, spatially resolved images.

## References

* ↑ Bernstein, M.A. (2004). Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences. Retrieved 2008-04-08. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
# Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/Probe electrospray ionization

Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a modified version of conventional electrospray ionization (ESI), where the capillary for sample solution transferring is replaced by a solid needle with a sharp tip. PESI was first introduced by Kenzo Hiraoka et al. in 2007. Compared with conventional electrospray ionization, high salt tolerance and direct sampling and low sample consumption can be found with PESI. Of course, PESI is not a continuous process at all. Normally, the needle for sampling and spraying can be driven up and down under a frequency of 3-5 Hz.

## References

* ↑ Hiraoka K.; Nishidate K.; Mori K.; Asakawa D.; Suzuki S. (2007). "Development of probe electrospray using a solid needle". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 21: 3139–3144. doi:10.1002/rcm.3201.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)