OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Soil Mechanics/Site investigation

The objective of a geotechnical investigation is to characterize the geologic environment. This may include;
1) The lateral distribution and thickness of the soil and rock strata.
2) Groundwater Conditions and quality.
3) Ground response to changing conditions such as surface loading from structures and unloading by excavations or extraction.
4) Physical properties of soils and rock formations.
5) Engineering properties of soils and rock formations.
6) Hazardous conditions such as unstable slopes, faults, flood plains, ground subsidence and heave potential.
The magnitude of the site investigation depends upon the geological variability of the site as well as the size (spatially and financially) of the planned project.
# Soil Mechanics/Soil phases, relationships and inter relationships
## Physical Properties of Soils

Soil is composed of solids, liquids, and gases. Liquids and gases are mostly water and air, respectively. These two (water and air) are called voids which occupy between soil particles. The figure shown below is an idealized soil drawn into phases of solids, water, and air.
# Reversi/Introduction

Back to Contents
Reversi and Othello are strategic boardgames which involve play by two parties on an eight-by-eight square grid with pieces that have two distinct sides. Pieces typically appear coin-like, with a light and a dark face.
Mattel produces Reversi equipment under the name "Othello". Anjar Co licenses the registered trademark "Othello" from Tsukuda Original.
The best Othello computer programs can easily defeat the best humans. As early as 1980, the program The Moor beat the reigning world champion, and in 1997, Logistello defeated the human champion Takeshi Murakami 6:0. This dominance is not seen in games like chess, where the best computers are about equal to the best humans (although the Hydra machine may soon change that), or Go, where even average human players trounce the best computers.
Human beings cannot generally win against computer intelligence in Othello because computers can look ahead much further than humans can. Analysts have estimated the number of legal positions in Othello as at most 1028, and it has a game-tree complexity of approximately 1058. Othello still remains unsolved, however - we don't know the result of the game with perfect play on both sides.
When generalizing Othello to play on an n-by-n board, the problem of determining if the first player has a winning move in a given position is PSPACE-complete.
Back to Contents
# Revit User's Manual/Drafting

Revit includes a series of drafting tools to complement the 3D modeling and database functions.
# Reversi/Origins

Back to Contents
The game derives from two different sources.
In the 19th century unknown authors in Europe invented "Reversi", which the well-known German games publisher Ravensburger started producing in 1898 as one of its first titles.
The modern rule set, now universally accepted (except by those who know only the still-produced Ravensburger edition) originated in Japan as "Othello" in the 1970s.
Goro Hasegawa, who wrote How to win at Othello, popularised the game in Japan in 1975. It took its name from the Shakespearean play Othello, the Moor of Venice.
Back to Contents
# Revit User's Manual/Area Plans
## Introduction

Unlike in drafting progams where areas are cacluated using poly-lines, a pad of paper and a calculator, Revit uses area plans and schedules. An area plan is a view of the model where you can associate area boundaries and choose the areas that these boundaries define. The area information automatically populates your area schedule.

## Area Types

Revit calculates areas based on the area type you choose when creating your area plan. For example, Gross Building area calculates to the exterior of the area walls, whereas Rentable area calculates to the interior. It is important to choose your area type appropriately; if you are trying to find out the footprint of a building, the Rentable area type would be the wrong one to choose.

## Scheduling Areas

As Gross Building area is often used to calculate both floor plate area (square footage) as well as site area, it is useful to use the comment parameter to keep track of these separately. You may want to use a comment such as "Square Footage" or "Above Grade" for your building areas, and then "Site" for your footprint and lot areas. When you set up your schedules, you can filter out the areas that don't have the appropriate comment. For example, your site schedule may have two areas, the site area and the building footprint. Make sure the comment field for both of these areas is "Site", and then set up a filter in the schedule properties to exclude any area that does not have the comment "Site". The schedule will then only report the relevant site areas. You may want to hide the comment field in the appearance tab because you are only using it to sort and doesn't actually need to appear in the schedule on the plans.
# Reversi
## Contents

* Introduction
* Origins
* Gameplay
* Strategy
* Glossary

## Literature

* Othello: Brief and Basic, An introduction to strategy and tactics for the game of Othello, Ted Landau, 1987
* Othello: From Beginner to Master, Randy Fang, 2003
National Organizations
* The Australian Othello Federation
* The British Othello Federation
* The Danish Othello Association
* The French Othello Federation
* The Othello Club Germany
* The Italian Othello Federation
* The Malaysia Othello Association (MOA)
* The United States Othello Association (USOA)
# Revit User's Manual/Construction Documents
## Elevations

After modeling, elevations are not yet presentable. Lines will appear between walls and floors, and grade lines may not appear at the elevations. There are other ways to resolve the appearance of elevations, but please consider the following suggestions:
* If you are using an exterior cladding, make sure your floor sketch lines are on the outside line of the cladding, not the core.
* Paint the edge of the floor with the same material as your exterior cladding and then join the floors to the walls. Do not join and then paint, as your lines won't disappear. (If you did this, you can sometimes work around it by joining the walls above and below the floor together, and hitting ok when it warns that the objects do not touch one another.)
* Elevations looks best with the silhouetting turned on. Go into advance model graphics, and override the silhouette lines to Wide Lines.
* If you don't like some of the lines silhouetting, you can override them with the linework tool and the <not silhouette> setting.
* Make sure your pad (which carves out a hole for your building in the terrain) is drawn to the outside of your cladding. This will ensure that a grade line appears on your elevations.

## See also

* Electrical Plans
# Reversi/Play

Back to Contents
Each of the two sides corresponds to one player; we will call them light and dark after the sides of Othello pieces, but "heads" and "tails" would identify them equally as well, so long as each marker has sufficiently distinctive sides.
Originally, Reversi did not have a defined starting position. Later it adopted Othello's rules, which state that the game begins with four markers placed in a square in the middle of the grid, two facing light-up (indicated by o in our diagrams), two pieces with the dark side up (indicated by x). The dark player makes the first move.
Dark must place a piece with the dark side up on the board, in such a position that there exists at least one straight (horizontal, vertical, or diagonal) line between the new piece and another dark piece, with one or more contiguous light pieces between them. In the above situation, dark has the following options indicated by dots:
After placing the piece, dark turns over (flips, captures) all light pieces lying on a straight line between the new piece and any anchoring dark pieces. All reversed pieces now show the dark side, and dark can use them in later moves -- unless light has reversed them back in the meantime.
If dark decided to put a piece in the topmost location (all choices are strategically equivalent at this time), one piece gets turned over, so that the board appears thus:
Now light plays. This player operates under the same rules, with the roles reversed: light lays down a light piece, causing one or more dark pieces to flip. Possiblities at this time appear thus (indicated by dots):
Light takes the bottom left option and reverses one piece:
Players take alternate turns. If one player cannot make a valid move, play passes back to the other player. When neither player can move, the game ends. This occurs when the grid has filled up, or when one player has no more pieces on the board. The player with more pieces in the board at the end wins.
One difference between Reversi and Othello involves the supply of pieces. In Reversi each player owns 32 pieces at the start of the game. Once a player has placed 32 pieces (including the initial 2 pieces placed on the centre squares) that player may not make any further moves. He/she may not use any of the opponent's pieces. In Othello all the pieces belong to both players equally; they come from a pool, from which both may draw in order to make a move.
Back to Contents
# Pinyin/Governor

See also
# Pinyin/Good

See also
# Pinyin/Good friend

See also
# Pinyin/Government

See also
A government is a group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or a region.
zhehngfuu shih 1-zuu rern, fuhzer kohngzhih 1'g guorjia huoh dihqu.
# Pinyin/Gold

Gold is a yellow precious metal used for making gold coins, jewellery, decorative objects, etc.
huarngjin shih huarngseh d guihzhohng jinshuu, yohnglair zhihzaoh jinbih, zhubaao, zhuangshihpiin, deeng.
# Pinyin/Grain

Search Pinyin grain
Grain is a kind of grass seed. It includes rice, millet, barley, wheat, oat, rye, maize, sorghum and wild rice, etc. Grain mainly contains starch, followed by protein. It is a traditional food for people in many regions.
guuwuh shì 1-leih cǎo de zhǒngzǐ. Tā bāokuò dàmǐ, xiǎomǐ, dàmài, xiǎomài, yànmài, hēimài, yùmǐ, gāoliáng, yěmǐ děng. Gǔwù zhǔyào hán diànfěn, qícì shì dànbáizhì. Tā shì hěnduō dìqū rénmen de chuántǒng liángshí.
# Pinyin/Goods

Goods are things that are produced to be sold.
huohwuh shih shengchaan lair maih d dong'xi.
# Pinyin/Good for

See also
# Pinyin/Grammar

Special:search/grammar prefix:Pinyin/
Grammar is the rules for composing sentences, clauses, phrases and words in a language. The term refers also to the study of such rules; and this field includes morphology, syntax and phonology; usually complemented with phonetics, semantics and pragmatics.
Yǔfǎ shì zǔchéng jùzi, cóngjù, duǎnyǔ hé dāncí de yǔyán guīzé. Zhège cí yě zhǐ zhèxiē guīzé de yánjiū; zhège lǐngyù bāokuò cífǎ, jùfǎ hé yīnyùnxué; tōngcháng fǔyǐ yǔyīnxué, yǔyìxué hé yǔyòngxué.
# Rutgers University/New Jersey

New Jersey is a densely populated, highly diverse state. Expect many arguments about North Jersey vs. South Jersey vs. Central Jersey (if it exists at all). One thing everyone agrees on is their scorn of TCNJ, and to a lesser extent, Princeton.
Students are generally very socially liberal, even by NJ standards. Youtube videos of the campus's reaction to Obama's election should be evidence enough.
# SAASTE Science/Ideas for Class Projects
## IDEAS FOR CLASS PROJECTS

Water quality testing of certain sectors of the Berg river/Palmiet river
* Field work -testing skills/analysis (biological/chemical)
* Out of the classroom experience
* Sensitize learners -environmental awareness/responsibility
* Promotes group work
* Learners formulate hypothesis
* Learners planning the sequence of activities/design experiments
* Interdisciplinary approach - biology, geography, physical science, mathematics, history, communication, technology
* Communication skills-written, verbal, graphical
* Data analysis and conclusions
Time management is critical when performing such a project. Additional information might be needed beforehand e.g. Topographical maps and information from the local municipality.
Comparing the effectiveness of different brands of commercial gastric antacids
* Identification of a problem
* Learners formulate hypothesis
* Literature survey
* Experiment design
* Conduct experiment
* Process skills -observation, time keeping, recording of data, measuring, variable identification and control e.g. temperature, referencing Data presentation
* Data analysis and conclusions
To investigate the conditions for fungi growth.This can be linked to sell by/use by dates on commercial perishable products.
* Identification of a problem
* Learners formulate hypothesis
* Literature survey
* Experiment design
* Conduct experiment
* Process skills -observation, time keeping, recording of data, measuring, variable identification and control e.g. temperature and moisture, referencing
* Data presentation
* Data analysis and conclusions
To investigate the insulation properties of different materials. This can be useful to determine the best way to keep foodstuffs cold or warm.
* Identification of a problem
* Learners formulate hypothesis
* Literature survey
* Experiment design
* Conduct experiment
* Process skills -observation, time keeping, recording of data, measuring, variable identification and control e.g. temperature , referencing
* Data presentation
* Data analysis and conclusions
To determine which soaps have the most suitable pH-levels for human use.
* Identification of a problem
* Learners formulate hypothesis
* Literature survey
* Experiment design
* Conduct experiment
* Process skills - observation, time keeping, recording of data, measuring, variable identification and control e.g. temperature, referencing
* Data presentation
* Data analysis and conclusions
* Mesothelioma
* Information Reference
# Rutgers University/Academics

As Rutgers is a state university, the main priority is research. This is good in that professors are experts in their fields. For example, the philosophy department consistently ranks in the top 3 in the United States. The negative is that teaching is not valued as much. Expect introductory classes to contain 200 or more students, with the professor using a microphone and homework graded by a TA.
# Rutgers University/Admissions

Rutgers is the third most competitive school in New Jersey in terms of undergraduate admissions, after Princeton and TCNJ. However, difficulty varies by program, with Pharmacy generally considered the hardest to get in. The application is online, and allows students to apply to up to three schools within Rutgers. An essay is recommended, but not mandatory unless applying for scholarships. Admitted students are generally in the top 20% of their class. The middle %50 have SAT scores of 520-630 for critical reading and 550-670 for math.
# Rutgers University/College Avenue
## Brower Commons
### Dining Hall

Run-of-the-mill college dining hall. Most days there is pizza, soup, a deli (lunch) and sushi (dinner). Every day there is salad, ice cream, cereal, hot and cold drinks. Other food varies by day.

### Takeout

* Monday - Subs
* Tuesday - Burgers and fries
* Wednesday - Pasta and Chicken Parmesan.
* Thursday - Subs
* Friday to Sunday - not available

## Dorms
### Demarest

Special interest housing groups. Music appreciation hall

### Brett

Brett Hall is one of the Honors Program dorms. Upperclassmen generally live on the singles on the (quiet) first floor, and underclassmen on the (loud) upper three floors.

## Schools and Departments

* Philosophy
* Linguistics
* Communication and Information
* Education
* Chinese
* Economics
* History
# Rutgers University/Money
## Tuition

Tuition is the same for 12 credits as it is for 18.

## Room and Board

* meal plans
# Rutgers University/Internet
## Bandwidth Limits

You cannot go over 2gb upload or 4gb download over any 7 day period, on either wireless or wired internet. If you do either of these on either connection, your internet on that connection only is blocked, but not necessarily for 7 days. It is only blocked until the past 7 days are under the limit.
Keep in mind that if you use a wireless router in your dorm room, it still counts as "wired". For this reason, you should put a password on your router so people don't steal bandwidth.
Unless you are using bittorrent or downloading entire movies from Netflix, bandwidth should not be a problem. Filesharing on the Rutgers DC++ servers does not add to your bandwidth total, so download as much as you want. It is also much faster than bittorrent.
University internet is now throttled by speed rather than by transfer.
# Rutgers University/RU Screw
## Rutgers is Big

28,000 students. And that's just undergrads.

## Rutgers is Impersonal

This is a state research university. Classes are huge, professors are mainly here for research, and if you don't make an effort you'll get lost in the crowd.

## Rutgers is Disorganized

Rutgers is sprawled across multiple towns, with the Raritan River right in the middle. There's a good reason why Rutgers has the second largest bus system in America, and the largest of any university.

## Put all that together...

And you get what is lovingly known as the "RU Screw".
# SAASTE Science
## Scientific Method

The best way to learn how the scientific method works is to engage, with an inquisitive attitude, in some scientific research broad enough to ensure that the special methods or techniques do not overshadow the general pattern.(Bunge, M. 1967)...
* Scientific Method

## Guidelines for Scientific Investigations

How do I go about selecting and initiating a suitable investigation for my learners?
The following is a suggested route for the educator to assist his/her learners in arriving at a suitable investigation:...
* Guidelines for Scientific Investigations

## Ideas for class projects

* Ideas for Class Projects

## Radon Project

Measurement of radon in Paarl
Paarl is situated about 60 km from Cape Town and is built on the slopes of a hill consisting granite rock. Granite rock typically has a higher than average uranium content. Radon is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas that is a decay product in the uranium decay chain in soil and rock.
Radon diffuses easily through cracks in walls and floors and may therefore accumulate in homes with poor ventilation. Radon gas has been found to be a major cause of lung cancer and contribute to at least 15 000 deaths in the United States annually. Radon measurements have been performed previously in Paarl and elevated levels were found in some older homes1. It was therefore proposed that further measurements are needed for a broader study of radon gas concentrations in soil and inside homes in Paarl....
* Radon Measurement

## Road Markings

This project involved ten committed educators from the EMDC, South Metropole (Mitchells Plain and surrounding areas). The objective of the project was to engage their learners in science process skills and empowering them in facilitating investigative skills in their classrooms. Educators from different schools were at different stages within their learning programmes. In order to choose a common topic to advance the project it was decided to select a topic that could easily be done in the different classes, without undue disruption of the learning programmes in progress.
* Road Markings
# Puzzles/Subdivisions

* Subdividing a triangle
* Subdividing a cornerstone
# Puzzles/Subdivisions/Subdividing a cornerstone/Solution

Subdividing a cornerstone Solution
Think of every square as a combination of 4 smaller squares like this one
This piece have 12 pieces so every identical piece must have 3 small squares.
Then the solution is
# Puzzles/Tower of Hanoi
## History

Tower of Hanoi is actually a puzzle game widely popularized by French mathematician Édouard Lucas in year of 1883.See pic 1 It can be also known by other names such as Tower of Brahma or The Lucas Tower. The origin of history is often disputed but most of the oral history mentions of Brahmin monks who are given a divine order from God to move 64 discs from smallest on top to largest of bottom to move through 3 towers guarding a Vietnamese temple. If they managed to complete the puzzles, the world would end.
The Tower of Hanoi consists of 3 sticks , 3 disc of varying sizes (big, middle and small) sizes.See pic 2
At the start of the game, one of the rods is stacked with the rings, starting from the smallest to the biggest ring. The challenge lies in moving this conical arrangement to another rod.

## Rules of Tower of Hanoi

There are 3 general rules in solving the puzzles
* Only one disk can be moved at a time.
* Only the topmost disk can be removed.
* No disk can be placed on top of the smaller disk

## Solutions

Below is the step by step guide on how Tower of Hanoi (4 discs) is solved.

## Gallery

* Pic 1: Édouard Lucas, first proposer to the Hanoi Tower Puzzles
* Pic 2: The standard Tower of Hanoi with 3 disks

## Bibliography

* http://www.towerofhanoi.org/
* http://historyrocket.com/miscellaneous/2010/4/History-of-Towers-of-Hanoi.html
* http://www.cs.wm.edu/~pkstoc/page_1.html
# Puzzles/Two-player games/Picking game/Solution

The puzzle as stated doesn't quite state how a "tie" is possible, unless you can refuse to draw. If we assume you -must- draw 1 or 2 matches on your turn, then:
* 1 match left - Draw 1 and win (winning state)
* 2 matches left - Draw 2 and win (winning state)
* 3 matches left - Drawing 1 or 2 matches puts your opponent in such a state that (s)he will win (losing state)
* 4 matches left - Drawing 1 puts your opponent into state 3, where no matter what (s)he draws (s)he loses (winning state)
* 5 matches left - Drawing 2 puts your opponent into state 3, where no matter what (s)he draws (s)he loses (winning state)
* 6 matches left - Drawing 1 or 2 matches puts your opponent in a winning state (losing state)
* 7 matches left - Drawing 1 puts your opponent into state 3, where no matter what (s)he draws (s)he loses (winning state)
* 8 matches left - Drawing 2 puts your opponent into state 3, where no matter what (s)he draws (s)he loses (winning state)
* 9 matches left - Drawing 1 or 2 matches puts your opponent in a winning state (losing state)
Basically, if there are 3n matches, you're in a losing state, because no matter what you choose, your opponent can leave you in a state 3(n-1) by choosing the opposite (IE 1 + 2 == 3 or 2 + 1 == 3). When n = 1, this 3(n-1) = 3(0) = 0 and your opponent wins because (s)he has drawn the last match. If there are 3n+1 or 3n+2 matches, you choose 1 or 2 respectively, and always leave your opponent 3m matches and you will win, and by the same logic you will win.
So basically, if you both play perfectly, the first player can only win if n Matches mod 3 is nonzero.
Alternatively, if you can refuse to draw a match (possibly intended by the question) you would always draw n mod 3 matches - if it's a multiple of 3 you refuse to draw, otherwise you draw leave a multiple of 3 matches.
# Puzzles/Subdivisions/Subdividing a cornerstone

Can you subdivide the following outline into four identical pieces (if you consider the border to be a straight line and '|'s and '__'s to be the same length)?
Alternatively you can think of the above figure to be a square of size 4 units from which the upper right corner, a square of size 1, has been discarded.
solution
# Puzzles/Subdivisions/Subdividing a triangle

Consider an equilateral triangle.
* You intend to subdivide it into 3 identical parts. How can you do so?
* If the parts are to be triangles again, can you still find a solution?
* Can you demonstrate all possible solutions and prove that you have found them all?
# Puzzles/Two-player games/Picking game

There is a heap of $n$ matches. 2 players take turns to pick 1 or 2 matches. The winner is the person who picks the last match.
* Who wins for 5 matches (if no player misses a chance to win or draw)?
* Is there a general strategy for any number of matches (to force a win or a tie for either side)?
* What is the strategy if existing?
Solution