OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# False Friends of the Slavist/Map storna

Semasiological map for *storna
R. страна(1), сторона(2), страница(4) • Blr. старонка • Ukr. сторона(2), сторінка(4) • Pol. strona • Ka. starna • LSo. strona • USo. strona • Cz. strana • Slk. strana • Sln. stran • Cr. strana • Bo. strana • Sb. страна • Mk. страна • Bg. страна(1,2,3), страница(4) •
| *storna | Meanings: ‘country’ ‘side’ ‘cheek’ ‘page’ ‘political party’ ‘area’   no such word (For areas without shading there is no information yet.) |
| *storna | Meanings | Meanings | Meanings | Meanings | Meanings | Meanings |
| *storna | country | side | cheek | page | political party | area |
| R. страна(1), сторона(2), страница(4) | + | + | | + | | |
| Blr. старонка | | | | + | | |
| Ukr. сторона(2), сторінка(4) | | + | | + | | |
| Pol. strona | + | + | | + | | + |
| Ka. starna | | + | | + | | |
| LSo. strona | | + | | | + | + |
| USo. strona | | + | | + | + | |
| Cz. strana | | + | | + | + | |
| Slk. strana | | + | | + | + | |
| Sln. stran | | + | | + | | |
| Cr. strana | | + | | + | | |
| Bo. strana | | + | | + | | |
| Sb. страна | | + | | + | | |
| Mk. страна | | + | | + | | |
| Bg. страна(1,2,3), страница(4) | + | + | + | + | | |
| < Index of semasiological maps | < False Friends of the Slavist Homepage |
# Configuring Sound on Linux

This book aims to teach you everything you need or want to know about Linux sound, and should cover enough ground to teach you how to get your sound functional.

## Table of Contents
### Pulse Audio

PulseAudio is a software mixing layer. It permits multiple streams to converge as one stream presented to a single hardware source.
* Pulse component programs
* Testing
* Troubleshooting
* Remote pulse server

### ALSA

ALSA is an abstraction layer for the raw hardware device. It permits a single API into numerous different audio hardware devices.
* Finding and confirming a HW Address
* Testing
* Troubleshooting
# Concurrent Engineering/Product Concept

TOOLS
# Confederate States Government
## Table of contents
### Secession

* Election of Lincoln
* Jefferson Davis
* Battle of Galveston

## External links

* THE RISE AND FALL OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT BY JEFFERSON DAVIS
* A Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, By John Esten Cooke
* Dixie's Constitution
# Confederate States Government/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Government

# Election of Lincoln
## Introduction

The U.S. presidential election of 1860 was a realigning election. The nation had been divided through most of the 1850's on the issue of slavery, with Northerners and Southerners disagreeing over whether or not it should be expanded to the territories, and fighting for each new state admitted to the Union. In 1860, this issue finally came to a head, bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican party to power, while it simultaneously fractured the formerly dominant Democratic Party in two.
The immediate result was the secession of seven southern states to form their own country and the outbreak of the American Civil War.

## Gallery

* Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln in 1860. At the time the Republican party was generally opposed to the expansion of slavery, but candidate Abraham Lincoln was opposed to risking succession by outlawing it where it was already practiced.
* John Breckinridge, photographed after the war. During this Election he was of the southern Democratic Party. Breckinridge was Vice President at the time of the election, and later served as the Confederate Army, eventually serving as their final Secretary of War.
* John Bell of the Constitutional Union party, which sought to avoid the dissolution of the Union.
* Stephen Douglas of the Democratic Party. Though he disagreed with Lincoln politically, he still sought to preserve the union following the election.
# Concurrent Engineering/Product Data Sheet

The mission of this wikibook is to create a living document that describes what concurrent engineering is and how it is useful. It is geared toward entry-level engineers in the work place. It is not intended to be a textbook. Rather, it is an intelligent guide to basic concepts of concurrent engineering plus references to sources of help and information.
Features include:
# Confederate States Government/Election of Lincoln
## Introduction

The U.S. presidential election of 1860 was a realigning election. The nation had been divided through most of the 1850's on the issue of slavery, with Northerners and Southerners disagreeing over whether or not it should be expanded to the territories, and fighting for each new state admitted to the Union. In 1860, this issue finally came to a head, bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican party to power, while it simultaneously fractured the formerly dominant Democratic Party in two.
The immediate result was the secession of seven southern states to form their own country and the outbreak of the American Civil War.

## Gallery

* Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln in 1860. At the time the Republican party was generally opposed to the expansion of slavery, but candidate Abraham Lincoln was opposed to risking succession by outlawing it where it was already practiced.
* John Breckinridge, photographed after the war. During this Election he was of the southern Democratic Party. Breckinridge was Vice President at the time of the election, and later served as the Confederate Army, eventually serving as their final Secretary of War.
* John Bell of the Constitutional Union party, which sought to avoid the dissolution of the Union.
* Stephen Douglas of the Democratic Party. Though he disagreed with Lincoln politically, he still sought to preserve the union following the election.
# Concurrent Engineering/Tool Team
## Tool Team

* Collaborative Decision making techniques
** Decision Theories
** Decision making within the optimization domain
** Flexible Decision making
* Risk and Uncertainty Management and Communication
** Uncertainty Identification and Classification
** Uncertainty Assessment Methods
** Uncertainty Mitigation Techniques
** Uncertainty Modeling
** Uncertainty Communication
* Optimization techniques
** Robust-Decision Optimization
** Multi-objective Optimization (GA, etc.)
* Cost-Benefit Analysis
* Design requirements and resource allocation management
* Software/Hardware interface
* best practices tools
* continuous improvement process
# Configuring Sound on Linux/ALSA/Testing
## Testing Alsa on each channel

Modern versions of ALSA should include the utility speaker-test that permits you to test each channel of output, this is necessary to confirm modern systems are properly configured.
You can invoke this command on the ALSA Device:
# Fire on the Limestone Plains/Bush Fires/The 1979 Bush Fires
## The 1979 Bush Fires

On 13 February 1979 extreme fire weather conditions prevailed in the Territory. The following is from the 1978-79 Bush Fire Council Annual Report -
    A grassland fire danger rating of 70 (on a scale of 100) was calculated on the McArthur fire danger meter. Twelve fires were attended by Bush Fire Council units that day. The maximum temperature reached was 39 degrees Celcius. The major fire started at Sunny Corner near the Village of Hall. It was first detected by the fire towers at 2.59 pm. Fanned by winds gusting to 70 kilometers per hour, the fire burnt fiercely in a northward direction and quickly grew in size spreading at an estimated 8 kilometers per hour at its worst.
    At around 1540 hours the fire approached the Gundaroo Road, around 4 kilometers from the source. Around 1620 hours the fire had reached Gungaderra Homestead (about 7 kilometers from the source), the fire is running in fully_cured Phalaris grassland. The fire behaviour was erratic with flame bursts of 4 to 10 metres and huge fire whirls.
    The town of Sutton (N.S.W.) was evacuated about 5pm, when the fire reached the tops of nearby hills and began moving towards the town on a one-kilometer wide front. A major wind change to the south-west occurred at about 1730 hours, the fire broke out along the entire northern flank and burnt strongly to the north east. By the time the fire had been controlled, at about 4 am the next day, a total of 165 square kilometers (16 500 hectares) of land had been burnt in the A.C.T.(4 025 hectares) and New South Wales (12 475 hectares).
    The fire caused losses in the A.C.T. of two cottages, three sheds, machinery and stored fodder, about 5000 sheep, six horses and fencing worth $200 000. The fire was caused by a drop-out fuse from a high tension powerline.
    On the same day there were other major outbreaks in the A.C.T. at Mount Painter, Tuggeranong, near Kambah Pool and at Stirling where an A.C.T. Bush Fire Brigade Tanker was burnt out.
From the Canberra Times
* Two 12-year-old boys had been charged with starting a number of fires in the Stirling area, in one of which an ACT Bush Fire Council truck had been extensively damaged last week, ACT Police said last night. The boys had been arrested yesterday morning by Sergeant Blenn Mclnnes, from Woden, after allegedly attempting to start a fire next to Streeton Drive, Stirling. The boys would each be charged with three offences under the Careless Use of Fire Ordinance and one relating to malicious damage to a fire truck on February 13. Police would also charge two 11-year-old boys with lighting a fire in the Stirling area on Friday.

### References

* ↑ 1978-79 Bush Fire Council Annual Report
* ↑ The Hall / Sutton (Gold Creek) Fire 13th February 1979 http://www.firebreak.com.au/jeff_cutting-bushfires.html
* ↑ The Canberra Times Wednesday 21 February 1979
# Fire on the Limestone Plains/Bush Fires/The 1956-57 Bushfire Season
## The 1956-57 Bushfire Season

From December 1956 to January 1958 dry condition prevailed in the F.C.T. however there were no days of extreme fire danger. Bush fires were frequent and some reached 20,000 hectares in N.S.W. In the F.C.T. the largest was the Hall fire which burnt around 1,500 hectares.
   The Prescribed Bushfire Period commenced in 1 November 1956 and was closed on 28 February 1957 in the A.C.T.; However dry conditions set in early at Jervis Bay and the Prescribed Period declared on 4 October 1956.
   The 1956 winter and spring were marked with extremely heavy rainfall and mild temperatures which promoted prolific growth. A long dry spell was experienced from mid-November. A Total Fire Ban was imposed in the A.C.T. and Jervis Bay from 7 January through to 31 January 1957.
   There was very little rain during the autumn and winter of 1957, resulting in many outbreaks in the grass country, including Black Mountain on 11 May 1957 (2,500 acres) & Blue Gum Creek near Tharwa on 13 May 1957 (2,500 acres)
   There were a total of 70 fires attended by Bush Fire Council units, of which 15 were in adjoining N.S.W. and 4 at Jervis Bay. The major bush fires in N.S.W. included
   * Captain's Flat (N.S.W.) - 20 December 1956 (1,000 acres)
   * Narrangullen near Wee Jasper (N.S.W.) - Saturday 29 December 1956 (10,000 acres)
   * Kershaw's property, Gundaroo-Bungendore Road (N.S.W.) - Monday 31 December 1956 (6,500 acres)
   * 3 miles south of Williamsdale - west side of railway line (N.S.W.) - 4 January 1957 (2,000 acres + 300 sheep)
   * West of Brindabella near "Brokenheart" (N.S.W.) - Saturday 5 to 23 January 1957 (5,000 acres)
   * Gundaroo-Collector Road (N.S.W.) - 22 March 1957 (1,000 acres)

### References

* ↑ "Homestead And Truck Burned Near Sutton". The Canberra Times. 1 January 1957. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/91230866.
* ↑ "BUSH FIRES APPROACH TERRITORY". The Canberra Times. 16 January 1957. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/91232070.
* ↑ "Raging Grass Fire Sweeps 40,000 Acres". The Canberra Times. 21 January 1957. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/91232446.
* ↑ "Big Grass Fire Sweeps Farms At Ginninderra". The Canberra Times. 11 January 1957. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/91231774.
* ↑ Luke, R. H. (R. Harry); McArthur, A. G. (Alan Grant), 1923-1978; Australia. Forestry and Timber Bureau; CSIRO. Division of Forest Research (1978), Bushfires in Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service, ISBN 978-0-642-03990-3{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* ↑ A.C.T. Bush Fire Council Annual Report 1956-57
# Fire on the Limestone Plains/Bush Fires/The Christmas Bushfires of 2001

On Christmas Eve 2001 a series of fires threatened central Canberra. Bushfire outbreaks occurred at Huntly, Stromlo, Bruce Ridge, Red Hill, Oaks Estate and Wanniassa Hills.
The Huntly fire was the first significant fire reported on the 24th December 2001, (at 1331 hours by the One Tree Fire Tower). The point of origin was alongside the "Huntly" property on the Uriarra Road (GR805928M). This fire burnt out around 64 hectares, with a perimeter of 4.5 km.
The Stromlo fire was reported at 1335 hours by Coree Fire Tower. The point of origin was alongside the "Kallenia Rivers" property on the Coppins Crossing Road (GR845904M), a later ignition in Bluetts Pines had the two separate fires join as one. The fire reached the pine plantation at Greenhills, and spotted across the Tuggeranong Parkway, and burnt across Adelaide Avenue till it reached the Royal Australian Mint in Deakin. This fire burnt out around 1221 hectares, with a perimeter of 29.6 km.

## References

* ↑ http://www.firebreak.com.au/Xmas_2001_article.html
* ↑ ACT RFS - Fire report for the Huntly fire
* ↑ ACT RFS - Fire report for the Stromlo fire
# Fire on the Limestone Plains/Bush Fires/The January 1939 Bushfires

In Victoria bush fires of 13 January 1939, known as the Black Friday bush fires,[41] saw almost two million hectares was burned, with 71 people losing their lives and whole townships destroyed. Both N.S.W. and the F.C.T. were also impacted by significant bush fires at this time. The Australian Alps National Parks produced a map in May 2006 as part of its Fire history of the Australian Alps – Prehistory to 2003 of the areas burnt in the bush fires of Black Friday 1938–1939.
Late Friday night (January 13) the fires reached the F.C.T. in three main tongues: one near Mt Franklin, one at Two Sticks Road (near Mount Coree) and the third near Horseshoe Bend along the northern boundary of the A.C.T.
# Fire on the Limestone Plains/Bush Fires/The Gudgenby Bush Fire 1983
## The Gudgenby Bush Fire 1983

In early January 1983 a severe bush fire started near My Kelly, in the South-West corner of the A.C.T.
From the 1982-83 ACT Fire Council Annual Report -
    One of the largest and most difficult fires ever experienced in the A.C.T. started near My Kelly, in the South-West corner of the A.C.T., on the evening of 8 January 1983 or early the following morning. The cause is unknown. Initial detection of the fire was seriously delayed because of poor visibility caused by heavy dust in the area on the morning of 9 January. A helicopter was dispatched immediately after the fire was reported, by the time the fire was located it had already burnt 400 hectares and was spreading rapidly into inaccessible terrain.
    Although most damage occurred in the first 24 hours, rugged terrain and difficult access often prevented fire fighters from taking advantage of periods of favourable weather conditions. This resulted in the fire continuing and causing additional suppression problems when the weather conditions again worsened.
    The main fire was finally contained 22 days later on 30 January, within 140 kilometers of new and existing firetrails where backburning had been carried out. Apart from two spot fires which caused problems, the fire was successfully held within these breaks.
    Although the fire burnt 360 square kilometers (36 000 hectares), it did not assume the characteristics of what is known as a disaster fire - there was no loss of life or substantial economic loss (the only real economic loss was 300 hectares of pine plantation), however, there was a major cost with the labour component of the prolonged suppression effort.

### References

* ↑ A.C.T. Bushfire Council Annual Report 1982-83
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Listening and Feedback/Becoming a Better Listener

Steps and Tools
There are several concrete guidelines that a manager/leader can follow to become a better listener. First, there are several things you can do in general to help you be better prepared to listen in general:

## See also

* in other sections of this handbook
* on Wikipedia
* on other Wikibooks
* in Devcopedia - EuropeAid Wiki
* External links
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Listening and Feedback/Effective and Poor Listening

Steps and Tools
One of the fundamental aspects of effective communication is good listening. Listening shows that leaders value employees and their opinions. When subordinates see that their advice and opinions are taken into account they are further encouraged to share and often feel motivated to innovate and contribute in ways that they may not have otherwise. Listening to external stakeholders is also essential. The more you understand what external stakeholders need, the better able you will be to meet their needs. The primary method for gaining understanding is listening effectively. For example, if you do not listen to the needs and or concerns of your beneficiaries in a effective market, they will look elsewhere to find a utility that will meet their needs.  Listening is crucial at every level of the organization. Everyday you may be required to listen to any number of internal (superiors, subordinates, colleagues, and labor representatives) or external stakeholders (government officials, media, stockholders, or members of the financial community) regarding Organization, its problems, concerns, new ideas, assignments and more. With this in mind, let’s look at the listening situations that impact the productivity of any organization:
| Poor Listening And Communication | Effective Listening And Communication |
| Talk | Listen |
| Persuade others to act | Discern other’s needs |
| Focus on work issues | Focus on “big picture” |
| Cultivate impersonality | Cultivate face-to-face contact |
| Assign next task | Celebrate completed task |
| Direct message to “head” | Direct message to whole person |
| Answer questions | Ask questions |
| Control information flow | Share information freely |

#### See also

* in other sections of this handbook
* on Wikipedia
* on other Wikibooks
* in Devcopedia - EuropeAid Wiki
* External links
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Listening and Feedback/Guidelines for Providing Feedback

Steps and Tools
Feedback consists of the messages we send to a person (or a group) which gives that person information about how we react to their messages and how s/he affects others. Feedback helps an individual consider and alter his/her behavior and thus better achieve his/her goals. Additionally, feedback is central to building understanding and establishing trust, two of the cornerstones of effectively motivating employees.
Feedback serves two primary functions for a leader/manager:
* Feedback is a sign to others that a leader has truly attended to their concerns, needs or ideas.
* Feedback from others offers a leader an opportunity to learn about the concerns, needs and ideas of co-workers or subordinates.
Here are several guidelines for providing effective feedback:

#### See also

* in other sections of this handbook
* on Wikipedia
* on other Wikibooks
* in Devcopedia - EuropeAid Wiki
* External links
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Plan

Template: Communication Plan
This communication plan describes our strategy for keeping the project’s stakeholders sufficiently informed to avoid any disappointment regarding cost, schedule, or quality goals.
Remember to consider before the preparation of
Project Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities
Stallholders Responsibility Matrix
| Stakeholder who needs information | Information needs | Date within which information is needed | Frequency of updates | Documents, events or other communication that satisfy the information needs | Team member or other stakeholders who will provide the information | Communication methods | Expected Responses, feed-backs and behaviors |
| name | type of information | dd/mm/yy | weekly/monthly | medium | name | top-down? participated? | describe |
| name | type of information | dd/mm/yy | weekly/monthly | medium | name | top-down? participated? | describe |
| name | type of information | dd/mm/yy | weekly/monthly | medium | name | top-down? participated? | describe |
| name | type of information | dd/mm/yy | weekly/monthly | medium | name | top-down? participated? | describe |
| name | type of information | dd/mm/yy | weekly/monthly | medium | name | top-down? participated? | describe |
| name | type of information | dd/mm/yy | weekly/monthly | medium | name | top-down? participated? | describe |
# Electronics/History/Chapter 7

Radio Astronomy: Looking at space

## Schumann Resonance

The phenomenon is named after W. O. Schumann, who predicted this phenomenon in the 1950s, and helped detect its existence.

## CBR

The CBR was predicted by George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, and Robert Hermann in the 1940s and was accidentally discovered in 1964 by Penzias and Wilson, who received a Nobel Prize for this discovery. The CBR had, however, been detected and its temperature deduced in 1941, seven years before Gamow's prediction. Based on the study of narrow absorption line features in the spectra of stars, the astronomer Andrew McKellar wrote: "It can be calculated that the 'rotational' temperature of interstellar space is 2 K."
Of these experiments, the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite that was flown in 1989-1996 is probably the most famous and which made the first detection of the large scale anisotropies (other than the dipole). In June 2001, NASA launched a second CBR space mission, WMAP, to make detailed measurements of the anisotropies over the full sky. Results from this mission provide a detailed measurement of the angular power spectrum down to degree scales, giving detailed constraints on various cosmological parameters. The results are broadly consistent with those expected from cosmic inflation as well as various other competing theories, and are available in detail at NASA's data center for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) [ed. see links below],
A third space mission, Planck, is to be launched in 2007. Unlike the previous two space missions, Planck is a collaboration between NASA and ESA (the European Space Agency).
CBR and Non-Standard Cosmologies
During the mid-1990's, the lack of detection of anisotropies in the CBR led to some interest in nonstandard cosmologies (such as plasma cosmology) mostly as a backup in case detectors failed to find anisotropy in the CBR. The discovery of these anisotropies combined with a large amount of new data coming in has greatly reduced interest in these alternative theories.
Some supporters of non-standard cosmology argue that the primodorial background radiation is uniform (which is inconsistent with the big bang) and that the variations in the CBR are due to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect mentioned above (among other effects).
# Electronics/Humor

Sample joke: (rough draft)
Q: How do you tell the difference between elementary particles? A: Protons are positivists, electrons are negativists, and neutrons have no opinion.
Two atoms are walking down the street. The first atom says to the second atom "I think I lost an electron!" The second says "Are you sure?" To which the first states "I'm positive!"