# Western Music History/Old Country Music

Introduction
Old country music traces back to the early 20th century. The music itself emerged from multiple unique musical traditions in the Southern United States. Its origins can be found in folk music, blues, gospel, and Appalachian music. Old country music is a large blend of elements from these diverse influences. During the early years of old country music, all the way from the 1920s through the mid-20th century, America experienced significant challenges. These challenges were social, economic, and cultural changes that were harshly happening during this time. The era itself was defined by the Great Depression, rural life, migration, technological advancements like radio and the recording industry that made the music become more popular. The southern “cowboy” lifestyle also influenced the sound. Old country music both romanticized and highlighted the challenges of rural life. The music also reflected social issues such as gender roles and patriotism. It was a time of hardship and resilience.
Folk Music
The influence of British folk music on the development of southern old country music is significant. Many settlers in the southern United States mainly in the Appalachia, were of British descent. Many of these settlers brought many musical traditions that would later merge with other influences to form what is now known as old country music. British folk music also has a large emphasis on storytelling with simple instrumentation and themes of everyday life that provide a foundation on which old country music would continue to build. Folk musics oral tradition also influenced how old country songs were shared with artists, adding their own touches to traditional sounds or creating new ones inspired by folk melodies.
Gospel Music
Gospel music provided a unique influence on old country music. This became evident in their shared roots in African American spirituals that were similar to blues and folk traditions. They also related similarly to the musical style and lyrical themes. There are many groups that influenced old country. One of these groups being The Dixie Hummingbirds. The Dixie Hummingbirds were a gospel group that dates back to the 1930s and had a significant impact on old country music despite mainly belonging to the gospel genre. While their main focus was gospel, they also occasionally collaborated with country artists. They showcased their multiple talents and strongly crossed genre boundaries. With their unique harmonies and dynamic stage presence, the Dixie Hummingbirds brought together large audiences from various musical backgrounds. Through these collaborations and shared performances they played a significant role in connecting gospel and country music which had left a lasting impression on the landscape of old country music.
Blues and Jazz
Blues and jazz played large roles in shaping the evolution of old country music during its developmental years in the early 20th century. Their impact was clear in multiple factors of the genre. The distinct 12-bar chord progressions and emotional melodies of blues heavily influenced the structure and tonality of many old country songs. Elements of jazz, such as improvisation and syncopation were starting to make their way into the musical arrangements and performances of popular country musicians. Blues introduced the slide guitar, this instrument became a defining feature of old country recordings. Occasional jazz instruments like the trumpet and saxophone added variety and sophistication to the music. Through Jazz and Blues, the cultural exchange between African American communities and white rural communities began. Both communities contributed to the artists and ideas which had blurred the boundaries between genres. This exchange enriched the musical landscape as well as fostering collaborations and inspiring new sounds within old country music which ultimately shaped its evolution over time.
Harmony
Old country harmony is characterized by simple yet highly emotional vocal arrangements that often feature tight harmonies and close intervals. The harmonies in traditional old country music typically consist of two or three voices blending together to create a rich heartfelt sound. The harmony parts usually follow a traditional chord structure. This will often complement the melody while also adding depth and texture to the overall sound. Unlike more complex vocal arrangements found in genres like cappella, old country harmony tends to prioritize authenticity over technical precision. Many old country songs leave many mistakes and voice cracks in their music to leave a realistic feel to the song. This approach allows the emotional content of the lyrics and melody to shine through which creates a timeless and everlasting musical experience for listeners. Artists that are similar to The Carter Family are known for their talent because of the use of harmony in old country music. Many artists to this day follow their lead in harmonizing.
Dynamics and Rhythm
Old country music is strong in storytelling where artists expressed the experiences and emotions of everyday people through simple instrumentation and a strong emphasis on meaningful lyrics. The sound itself showcased acoustic guitars, fiddles, banjos, and harmonicas. The simplicity of these instruments added more emotion and character to the songs. These narratives were often tales of love and heartbreak to reflect on the struggles and joys of rural Southern life in America. Old country songs often favored memorable tunes that were easy to sing along with. It offered a diverse range of tempos from slow melancholic ballads to lively fast tunes. Some songs brought in elements of call and response which adding depth and texture to the storytelling. The dynamics and rhythm of old country music created a rich tapestry of sounds and emotions that continue to relate with audiences.
Hank Williams
Hank Williams was born by Hiram King Williams and was one of the most influential American singer songwriters of the 20th century. He was particularly popular within the realm of country music. He was born on September 17, 1923 in Mount Olive, Alabama, and grew up to become a strong musician and performer. William’s contributions to old country music include iconic songs such as "Your Cheatin' Heart" and "Hey Good Lookin'". He is often renowned for shaping the honky tonk style and is considered one of the pioneers of the genre. William’s career was unfortunately cut short when he died at the age of 29 on January 1, 1953. His impact on music continues to be felt to this day as his songs continue to be covered by thousands of artists.
Conclusion
In conclusion, old country music still exists as a powerful reflection of early 20th century America. Its impact still being felt today. As the sound has evolved into modern country, it stayed true to its original roots. The sound is influenced by a unique blend of folk, blues, gospel, and jazz music. This mix of genres not only shaped its unique sound but also brought communities together through shared experiences. To this day, many iconic artists have made and will make significant contributions within country music.
References
1. Bertrand, Michael T. Southern History Remixed: On Rock 'n' Roll and the Dilemma of Race. University Press of Florida, 2023.
2. Dallin, Leon. Folk Songster. W.C. Brown Co. 1967.
3. Library of Congress. "Dolly Parton and the Roots of Country Music." In Dolly Parton and the Roots of Country Music: Articles and Essays, Country Music Timeline. 2021.
4. Alexander, Otis. "Dixie Hummingbirds (1928- )." Black Past, December 18, 2021
5. Wallenfeldt, Jeff. "Hank Williams." In Encyclopedia Britannica. April 16, 2012.
6. Wald, Elijah. "Blues and Country Music." In The Blues: A Very Short Introduction, by Elijah Wald, 95. Oxford University Press, June 2010.
7. Buar, Pat. "Country Music." The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. April 17, 2020.
8. Peacock, Kenneth, and Carmelle Bégin. "Folk Music." Published Online February 7, 2006.