OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HyperText Markup Language/Layers

Layers are not a part of HTML 4.01 or XHTML. They were a proprietary element created by Netscape. You can achieve the same effect using CSS's z-index property.
Confusingly, Dreamweaver has a layers feature which is functionally similar but is based on div elements styled with CSS and optionally animated with Javascript.
# HyperText Markup Language/Conditional Comments

Conditional comments are a proprietary extension to Microsoft Internet Explorer for Windows (IE/win) version 4.0 and later. They are not available in Internet Explorer for Mac (IE/mac). They are a very useful way of handling the CSS bugs in the various versions of Internet Explorer.

## Syntax

An ordinary (X)HTML comment looks like this:
Conditional comments add additional syntax to comments. The simplest example is:
Browsers that don't understand the conditional comment syntax will process this as a normal comment, i.e. the content of the comment will be ignored.
Specific versions of IE/win can be targeted by changing the expression after the if. For example to target any version of IE/win with a major version of 5 use: <!--[if IE 5]> The major version number of this browser is 5. <![endif]--> The text will display in IE/win versions 5.0 and 5.5.
To target a specific version number, e.g. 5.0, the syntax is slightly quirky.
* <!--[if IE 5.0]> You are using IE/win 5.0. <![endif]-->
* <!--[if IE 5.5000]> You are using IE/win 5.5. <![endif]-->
* <!--[if IE 6.0]> You are using IE/win 6.0. <![endif]-->
Inequalities can be used in the expression by placing an operator before the IE. The operators are:

### lt

    less than (but at least version 5.0 which is the lowest version supporting conditional comments)

### lte

    less than or equal (but at least version 5.0 which is the lowest version supporting conditional comments)

### gt

    greater than

### gte

    greater than or equals
Example: <!--[if gte IE 6]> This text will be shown by IE/win ver. 6.0 and higher. <![endif]-->
All the expressions can be negated by prefixing with !, e.g. <!--[if !gte IE 6]> This text will be shown by verions of IE/win ver. below 6 that support conditional comments. <![endif]-->
<!--[if !IE]> This text will be not be shown by any version of IE/win that understands conditional comments. It won't be shown by any other browsers either because they will treat this as a normal comment. <![endif]-->
The second example may seem pointless but with a small tweak you can arrange to hide text from IE/win version 5 and above. <!--[if !IE]>--> This text will be not be shown by any version of IE/win that understands conditional comments. It will be shown by other browsers because they will treat this as text sandwiched between two normal comments. <!--<![endif]-->
The following HTML document is a working example.

## Use with CSS

Conditional comments can be used to pass additional stylesheets to IE/win. These stylesheets can provide fixes to layout bugs in IE/win. The basic idea is:

## External links

These tests for conditional comments on Position is Everything may help you understand the quirks of conditional comments.
# HyperText Markup Language/Glossary

This is a glossary of the book.

## E
### element

    A part of a document starting with an opening tag and ending with a closing tag, such as "<p><b>keyword</b> is important</p>".

## T
### tag

    The opening and closing sequence of characters of an element, such as "<p>" or "</p>". To be distinguished from element.
# Feng Shui/Setting Up A Geomantic Chart/Facing Palace

Feng Shui | Flying Star | Geomantic Chart | Facing Palace | Facing Stars | Mountain Stars | Earth Base | 24 Mountains | Aquarium | Substitute Star | Xuan Kong Da Gua | Bazi & YiChing | Compass Location | 64 Hexagrams | River Map | 10-Combo | 1-Gua
The Facing Palace is determined by the facing direction of the house.
For example, for a house built during Period 6, and facing the direction "Wu", we look at the Period 6 chart, and look for "Wu" in the Inner Ring. In this case, "Wu" is found to be item (2) under 9-Purple, and if we move out from this Inner Ring to item (2) in the Outer Ring, we find "Tzu" which is under 1-White. Extracting the number 1 from 1-White, we look for Earth Base 1 in the Geomantic Chart, and this is the Facing Palace of the house.
The Period 6 Chart is reproduced below for ease of reference:
| Outer Ring | Inner Ring | Center | Inner Ring | Outer Ring |
| 8-White Chou (Yang) Ken (Yin) Yin (Yin) | 7-Red Keng (Yin) Yu (Yang) Hsin (Yang) | P6 | 3-Jade Chia (Yin) Mao (Yang) I (Yang) | 4-Green Chen (Yang) Sun (Yin) Ssu (Yin) |
| 7-Red Keng (Yin) Yu (Yang) Hsin (Yang) | 6-White Hsu (Yang) Chien (Yin) Hai (Yin) | P6 | 4-Green Chen (Yang) Sun (Yin) Ssu (Yin) | 5-Yellow Chi (Yang) Wu (Yin) Wu (Yin) |
| 2-Black Wei (Yang) Kun (Yin) Shen (Yin) | 1-White Jen (Yin) Tzu (Yang) Kuei (Yang) | P6 | 9-Purple Ping (Yin) Wu (Yang) Ting (Yang) | 1-White Jen (Yin) Tzu (Yang) Kuei (Yang) |
| 9-Purple Ping (Yin) Wu (Yang) Ting (Yang) | 8-White Chou (Yang) Ken (Yin) Yin (Yin) | P6 | 2-Black Wei (Yang) Kun (Yin) Shen (Yin) | 3-Jade Chia (Yin) Mao (Yang) I (Yang) |
On the opposite side of the Geomantic Chart is the Tzu Mountain, and this is the Sitting Direction (or Palace) of the house, as shown below:
| ~ | Wu Facing (Facing Palace) | ~ |
| 5 (1, 2) | 1 (6, 6) | 3 (8, 4) |
| 4 (9, 3) | 6 (2, 1) | 8 (4, 8) |
| 9 (5, 7) | 2 (7, 5) | 7 (3, 9) |
| ~ | Tzu Mountain | ~ |
Note: The Mountain and Facing Stars are enclosed within brackets. For example, in the above chart "5 (1, 2)" means that in that Palace, the Earth Base is 5, the Mountain Star is 1, and the Facing Star is 2.
In the traditional format, the table is formatted as follows (where the Mountain Star is represented as a superscript on the left-hand side of the Earth Base, and the Facing Star is the superscript on the right-hand side of the Earth Base):
| ~ | Wu Facing (Facing Palace) | ~ |
| $^1$5$^2$ | $^6$1$^6$ | $^8$3$^4$ |
| $^9$4$^3$ | $^2$6$^1$ | $^4$8$^8$ |
| $^5$9$^7$ | $^7$2$^5$ | $^3$7$^9$ |
| ~ | Tzu Mountain | ~ |
# Feng Shui/Setting Up A Geomantic Chart/Facing Stars

Feng Shui | Flying Star | Geomantic Chart | Facing Palace | Facing Stars | Mountain Stars | Earth Base | 24 Mountains | Aquarium | Substitute Star | Xuan Kong Da Gua | Bazi & YiChing | Compass Location | 64 Hexagrams | River Map | 10-Combo | 1-Gua
The Facing Stars refer to the "Facing Direction" of a house or building. The Facing Direction is frequently (but not always) determined by one's position when standing at the main door and looking out of the house. Facing Stars are filled into the Geomantic Chart in the following sequence:
* [Row 2, Column 2]
* [Row 3, Column 3]
* [Row 2, Column 3]
* [Row 3, Column 1]
* [Row 1, Column 2]
* [Row 3, Column 2]
* [Row 1, Column 3]
* [Row 2, Column 1]
* [Row 1, Column 1]
| [Row 1, Column 1] | [Row 1, Column 2] | [Row 1, Column 3] |
| [Row 2, Column 1] | [Row 2, Column 2] | [Row 2, Column 3] |
| [Row 3, Column 1] | [Row 3, Column 2] | [Row 3, Column 3] |
Notes:
* The first Palace to be filled in is [Row 2, Column 2], followed by [Row 3, Column 3], ... , and finally [Row 1, Column 1].
* For the Yang Direction, the numbers will be filled in in increasing order. In other words, if a number is n, then the next number will be n+1, except when n=9. If n=9, then the next number will be 1, followed by 2, 3,... that is:
| 8 | 4 | 6 |
| 7 | 9 | 2 |
| 3 | 5 | 1 |
* [Row 2, Column 2] = 9
* [Row 3, Column 3] = 1
* [Row 2, Column 3] = 2
* [Row 3, Column 1] = 3
* [Row 1, Column 2] = 4
* [Row 3, Column 2] = 5
* [Row 1, Column 3] = 6
* [Row 2, Column 1] = 7
* [Row 1, Column 1] = 8
For the Yin Direction, the numbers will be filled in in decreasing order. In other words, if a number is n, then the next number will be n-1, except when n=1. If n=1, then the next number will be 9, followed by 8, 7,... that is:
| 2 | 6 | 4 |
| 3 | 1 | 8 |
| 7 | 5 | 9 |
* [Row 2, Column 2] = 1
* [Row 3, Column 3] = 9
* [Row 2, Column 3] = 8
* [Row 3, Column 1] = 7
* [Row 1, Column 2] = 6
* [Row 3, Column 2] = 5
* [Row 1, Column 3] = 4
* [Row 2, Column 1] = 3
* [Row 1, Column 1] = 2
# Feng Shui/Setting Up A Geomantic Chart/Mountain Stars

Feng Shui | Flying Star | Geomantic Chart | Facing Palace | Facing Stars | Mountain Stars | Earth Base | 24 Mountains | Aquarium | Substitute Star | Xuan Kong Da Gua | Bazi & YiChing | Compass Location | 64 Hexagrams | River Map | 10-Combo | 1-Gua
The Mountain Stars refer to the "Sitting Direction" of a house or building. Mountain Stars are filled into the Geomantic Chart in the following order:
* [Row 2, Column 2]
* [Row 3, Column 3]
* [Row 2, Column 3]
* [Row 3, Column 1]
* [Row 1, Column 2]
* [Row 3, Column 2]
* [Row 1, Column 3]
* [Row 2, Column 1]
* [Row 1, Column 1]
| [Row 1, Column 1] | [Row 1, Column 2] | [Row 1, Column 3] |
| [Row 2, Column 1] | [Row 2, Column 2] | [Row 2, Column 3] |
| [Row 3, Column 1] | [Row 3, Column 2] | [Row 3, Column 3] |
Notes: The first Palace to be filled in is [Row 2, Column 2], followed by [Row 3, Column 3], ... , and finally [Row 1, Column 1].

## Yang Direction

For movement in the Yang Direction, the numbers will be filled in in increasing order. In other words, if a number is n, then the next number will be n+1, except when n=9. If n=9, then the next number will be 1, followed by 2, 3,... that is:
| 8 | 4 | 6 |
| 7 | 9 | 2 |
| 3 | 5 | 1 |
* [Row 2, Column 2] = 9
* [Row 3, Column 3] = 1
* [Row 2, Column 3] = 2
* [Row 3, Column 1] = 3
* [Row 1, Column 2] = 4
* [Row 3, Column 2] = 5
* [Row 1, Column 3] = 6
* [Row 2, Column 1] = 7
* [Row 1, Column 1] = 8
The following table depicts the above Yang movement in the classical format, where "E" represents the Earth Base:
| $^8$E | $^4$E | $^6$E |
| $^7$E | $^9$E | $^2$E |
| $^3$E | $^5$E | $^1$E |

## Yin Direction

For movement in the Yin Direction, the numbers will be filled in in decreasing order. In other words, if a number is n, then the next number will be n-1, except when n=1. If n=1, then the next number will be 9, followed by 8, 7,... that is:
| 2 | 6 | 4 |
| 3 | 1 | 8 |
| 7 | 5 | 9 |
* [Row 2, Column 2] = 1
* [Row 3, Column 3] = 9
* [Row 2, Column 3] = 8
* [Row 3, Column 1] = 7
* [Row 1, Column 2] = 6
* [Row 3, Column 2] = 5
* [Row 1, Column 3] = 4
* [Row 2, Column 1] = 3
* [Row 1, Column 1] = 2
The following table depicts the above Yin movement in the classical format, where "E" represents the Earth Base:
| $^2$E | $^6$E | $^4$E |
| $^3$E | $^1$E | $^8$E |
| $^7$E | $^5$E | $^9$E |
# Feng Shui/Setting Up A Geomantic Chart/Year And Cycle

Feng Shui | Flying Star | Geomantic Chart | Facing Palace | Facing Stars | Mountain Stars | Earth Base | 24 Mountains | Aquarium | Substitute Star | Xuan Kong Da Gua | Bazi & YiChing | Compass Location | 64 Hexagrams | River Map | 10-Combo | 1-Gua
The Years and Cycles are divided into 3 Eras of 60 years each. Each 60 year cycle is based on the Chinese Hsia Calendar (夏历).
* Upper Era: 1864
* Middle Era: 1924
* Lower Era: 1984
The Eras are then divided into 3 cycles each, and each cycle lasts 20 years
* Cycle 1: 1864
* Cycle 2: 1884
* Cycle 3: 1904
* Cycle 4: 1924
* Cycle 5: 1944
* Cycle 6: 1964
* Cycle 7: 1984
* Cycle 8: 2004
* Cycle 9: 2024
# Fractals/Lyapunov fractal

Lyapunov fractal in wikipedia

## images

* images of Lyapunov fractrals in commons

## Video

* Lyapunov's Fractal (that Lyapunov knew nothing about) by Desdenova

## Programs

* creating Lyapunov images based on Mario Markus' algorithm from 1995 in the german science magazine Spektrum der Wissenschaft by Marc Meidlinger, July 2019
* lyapunov – a 2D/3D Lyapunov fractal generator in C++ by Lars H. Rohwedder RokerHRO
* haxe-shaderfun by Sylvio Sell (maitag) using HaxeUI ( free, open-source user interface toolkit)
* fractalforums.org : minuscule-source-code-for-lyapunov-images-ascii-style by marcm200
* Lyapunov fractal in Mathematica and C console program
* ↑ fractalforums.org : what-could-these-artifacts-be-on-my-lyapunov-fractal-renders
# Fractals/L-Systems
## Links

* Wikipedia article about L-Systems
* marek fiser : Lsystems-in-Haskell
* fractal curves
* L-System by anvaka - fast and easy to play
* L-system in Html5 by Kevin Roast
# Fractals/Koch's Snowflake

Koch's Snowflake is another geometric iterative fractal, based this time on an equilateral triangle. It was first published in 1906 by the Swede
The iterative step, like Cantor's Set, is applied to any remaining line segments. This step consists of splitting a line in 3, removing the middle third and replacing it with two copies of itself angled 60 degrees apart, to make a kink in the line similar to the equilateral triangle.
An interesting feature of this curve is how quickly it grows in complexity - the number of edges increases by 4 with every iteration, with the length of the perimeter increasing by 4/3. This means that the actual Koch Snowflake has an infinite perimeter.
# introduction

* Shrub model of Mandelbrot set
* parameter lane, wake 1/3 with rays landing on the principal Misiurewicz points

## key words definitions

Parts of the parameter plane
* shrub
* wake
* limb
* Misiurewicz point
** tip (point) = end point = branch tip = the tip of the spoke = terminal point of the branche = tip of the midget "A point in the Mandelbrot Set that is at the end of a filament (as opposed to a branch point); a point from which there is only one path to other points in the Mandelbrot Set."
*** The first tip = ftip = tip (end point) of the first and longest branch ( first when counting from the left to right)
*** the last tip = ltip = ( last when counting from the left to right)
* number
** binary
** decimal

## notation

* preperiod

# task

* find Misiurewicz point
** preperiod and period
** c value
* find angles of external ray that land on it

# algorithms
## Claude

Method by Claude
Steps of the algorithm:
* find angles of the wake
* find angles of principal Misiurewicz point M
* find angles of spoke's tips using: "The tip of each spoke is the longest matching prefix of neighbouring angles, with 1 appended"

### 1/3

3 angles landing on M:
The tip of each spoke is the longest matching prefix of neighbouring angles, with 1 appended
Check with program Mandel :

# examples
## 1/2

* tip of the main antenna ( 1/2 wake) $c=M_{1,1}$

## 1/3

Tips
* ftip = M_{2,1} = 0.01(0) = 1/4 = c = -0.228155493653962 +1.115142508039937 i
* ltip ??? (ToDo)
** $0.0(01)={\frac {1}{6}}=0.1(6)_{10}=M_{2,1}=c=i$
** $0.0011(0)_{2}={\frac {3}{16}}=0.1875=M_{4,1}$

## 1/5

* c = 0.444556879255044 +0.409933108300984 i period = 0 // landing of 1/16

## 2/5

* c = -0.636754346582390 +0.685031297083677 i period = 0 // landing of 5/16

## 12/25

* wake 12/25 of the main cardioid is bounded by the parameter rays with the angles
** 11184809/33554431 or p0101010101010101010101001 = 0.(0101010101010101010101001)
** 11184810/33554431 or p0101010101010101010101010
result :
which is

# See also

* What is the relation between period/preperiod of external angle of the ray landing on the tip and period/preperiod of the tip ( landing point) ?
All rays landing at the same periodic point have the same period: the common period of the rays is a (possibly proper) multiple of the period of their landing point; therefore one distinguishes: the ray period from the orbit period.

# References

* 2013-10-02 islands in the hairs by Claude Heiland-Allen
* 2013-02-01_navigating_by_spokes_in_the_mandelbrot_set by Claude Heiland-Allen
* ↑ Terminal Point by  Robert P. Munafo, 2008 Mar 9.
* ↑ mathoverflow question : Is there a way to find regions of depth in the Mandelbrot set other than simply poking around?
* ↑ G. Pastor, M. Romera, G. Alvarez, J. Nunez, D. Arroyo, F. Montoya, "Operating with External Arguments of Douady and Hubbard", Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, vol. 2007, Article ID 045920, 17 pages, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/45920
* ↑ H. Bruin and D. Schleicher, Symbolic dynamics of quadratic polynomials, Institut Mittag-Leffler, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 7.
# General Engineering Introduction/Error Analysis/Calculus of Error/multiplyDivide proof

Adding and subtracting proof
    if $y=x*z$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {(z\delta _{x})^{2}+(x\delta _{z})^{2}}}$
    if $y=x/z$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {\left({\frac {\delta _{x}}{z}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {x\delta _{z}}{z^{2}}}\right)^{2}}}$

## Algebra Proof

can not come up with one

## Calculus Proof

start with the formula: dependent equals constant times independent $y=x*z$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {\left(\delta _{x}{\frac {\partial {\left(x*z\right)}}{\partial x}}\right)^{2}+\left(\delta _{z}{\frac {\partial (x*z)}{\partial z}}\right)^{2}}}={\sqrt {(z\delta _{x})^{2}+(x\delta _{z})^{2}}}$
$y=x/z$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {\left(\delta _{x}{\frac {\partial {\left({\frac {x}{z}}\right)}}{\partial x}}\right)^{2}+\left(\delta _{z}{\frac {\partial ({\frac {x}{z}})}{\partial z}}\right)^{2}}}={\sqrt {\left({\frac {\delta _{x}}{z}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {-x\delta _{z}}{z^{2}}}\right)^{2}}}={\sqrt {\left({\frac {\delta _{x}}{z}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {x\delta _{z}}{z^{2}}}\right)^{2}}}$
# General Engineering Introduction/Error Analysis/Calculus of Error/addSubtract proof

Adding and subtracting proof
    if $y=x+z$ or $y=x-z$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {\delta _{x}^{2}+\delta _{z}^{2}}}$

## Algebra Proof

can not come up with one

## Calculus Proof

start with the formula: dependent equals constant times independent $y=x+z$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {\left(\delta _{x}{\frac {\partial {\left(x+z\right)}}{\partial x}}\right)^{2}+\left(\delta _{z}{\frac {\partial (x+z)}{\partial z}}\right)^{2}}}={\sqrt {\delta _{x}^{2}+\delta _{z}^{2}}}$
# General Engineering Introduction/Error Analysis/Calculus of Error/multiply proof

Multiplying by a Constant Proof
    if $y=C*x$ then ${\delta _{y}}=C*{\delta _{x}}$

## Algebra Proof

start with the formula: dependent equals constant times independent $y=C*x$ substitute the measured value of x (and x's error) and set equal to y plus the unknown error in y that we are interested in: $y+\delta _{y}=C(x+\delta _{x})=C*x+C*\delta _{x}$ subtract the top equation from the bottom: ${\cancel {y}}+\delta _{y}={\cancel {C*x}}+C*\delta _{x}$ and are left with the equation: error in y equals constant times error in x $\delta _{y}=C*\delta _{x}$

## Calculus Proof

start with the formula: dependent equals constant times independent $y=C*x$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {\left(\delta _{x}{\frac {\partial {\left(C*x\right)}}{\partial x}}\right)^{2}}}=\delta _{x}*C{\frac {\partial x}{\partial x}}=\delta _{x}*C=C*\delta _{x}$
# General Engineering Introduction/Error Analysis/Calculus of Error/power proof

Multiplying by a Constant Proof
    if $y=x^{C}$ then ${\delta _{y}}=C\delta _{x}x^{C-1}$

## Algebra Proof

can not figure one out

## Calculus Proof

start with the formula: dependent equals constant times independent $y=x^{C}$ then $\delta _{y}={\sqrt {\left(\delta _{x}{\frac {\partial {\left(x^{C}\right)}}{\partial x}}\right)^{2}}}=C\delta _{x}x^{C-1}$
# General Engineering Introduction/FAQ

What is engineering? Doing things first. What else is engineering? Design and Problem Solving.
What is engineering design? Science, Business and Art.
What is Science? Really serious playing.
What is Business? Making Money.
What is Art? Improving the quality of life.
How is design different than Science? Design plays on paper or in a computer.
How is design different than Business? Design focuses on the book of nature rather than human behavior. How is design different than Art? Design focuses on pattern and patterns within patterns rather than emotion.
What makes science different than playing? A Notebook. Documentation so others can repeat what you have done. What makes engineering business different from making money? Money is a necessary by-product, not an end in itself. What makes engineering different than Art? Nothing. It is where artists can make a good living.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Time savings
## Time savings (inter-item correlation = 0.20)
### Items

* The time to place an order becomes much shorter as I use the system more.
* The total time (including travel time to and from the store) to place an order and pickup groceries at the store.
The first item rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The second item asked customers to rate their experience with Online ordering vs. their experience with a “traditional” store. The specific question asked was: Please rate the degree of change when using the Internet for ordering groceries through Grocer X in comparison to shopping in a neighborhood store (i.e. an Albertsons, Kroger, Safeway, Sainsbury’s etc.). The question was rated on a scale from 1 (much worse than in-store shopping) to 4 (about the same) to 7 (much better than in-store shopping).

### Source

* Boyer/Frohlich (2006): Analysis of Effects of Operational Execution on Repeat Purchasing for Heterogeneous Customer Segments. Production and Operations Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 229–242.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Total productive and preventive maintenance
## Total productive/preventive maintenance (alpha > 0.7; composite reliability = 0.77; average variance extracted = 0.45)
### Description

The research takes a step toward clarifying the concept of lean production and develops and validates a multi-dimensional measure of lean production. The 10 distinct dimensions of a lean system are continuous flow, customer involvement, employee involvement, JIT delivery by suppliers, pull, set up time reduction, statistical process control, supplier development, supplier feedback, and total productive/preventive maintenance.

### Definition

Lean production is an integrated socio-technical system whose main objective is to eliminate waste by concurrently reducing or minimizing supplier, customer, and internal variability. This dimension of lean production is about addressing equipment downtime through total productive maintenance and thus achieve a high level of equipment availability.

### Items

Please indicate the extent of implementation of each of the following practices in your plant. (1) no implementation; (2) little implementation; (3) some implementation; (4) extensive implementation; (5) complete implementation.
* We dedicate a portion of everyday to planned equipment maintenance related activities
* We maintain all our equipment regularly
* We maintain excellent records of all equipment maintenance related activities
* We post equipment maintenance records on shop floor for active sharing with employees

### Source

* Shah/Ward (2007): Deﬁning and developing measures of lean production. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 785-805.

### Comments

Average variance extracted is too low. The last item might not measure the construct.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Training
## Training (alpha = 0.90; composite reliability = 0.90)
### Description

Eight quality management practices were identiﬁed by the authors: customer focus, employee relations, management leadership, process management, product/service design, quality data and reporting, supplier quality management, and training.

### Items

* Speciﬁc work-skills training (technical and vocational) given to hourly employees throughout the organization. (0.79)
* Quality-related training given to hourly employees throughout the organization. (0.91)
* Quality-related training given to managers and supervisors throughout the organization. (0.89)
All items were adapted from Saraph et al. (1989).

### Source

* Kaynak/Hartley (2008): A replication and extension of quality management into the supply chain. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 468–489.

### Related Scales

* Employee training