# Healthy eating habits/Getting to know your labels
## How to interpret a food label: Key things to look out for in healthy adult eating

By Deevya Gupta
Nutrition information panels (NIP) are found on most foods with the exception of some fresh foods, herbs, spices and foods in small packets.
What do parts of the NIP mean? (See Figure 1 for a detailed explanation)
* Servings per package
* Serving size
* Per serving (nutrient)
* Per 100g (nutrient)
Note: Serving sizes are determined by the manufacturer and unless you eat these serving sizes then may be of little help.

## % Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) panel

Most foods now come with the RDI panel (shown in Figure 2) at the front of the packaging to show approximately how much a serve of the product with contribute towards the % RDI for certain nutrients. These values are based on an average adult intake of 8700kJ. Your needs may be more or less than this.
An approximate energy intake value can be calculated at: http://www.tiptop.com.au/healthnutrition/healthy-eating/kj-intake-calculator.

## Nutrients

There are five main nutrients to look out for when shopping for foods:
* Energy (Kilojoules kJ)
* Fats (total, saturated and trans)
* Sodium (salt)
* Carbohydrates (sugars)
* Fibre

### Energy

Energy needs vary from person to person, try and stick to two snacks a day. The average intake on food packaging is rounded to 8700kJ.

### Fat

(Baker IDI, 2011)
Aim for foods with <10g/100g total fat and less than 2g/100g saturated fat. Trans fats should be as close to zero as possible. There may be some exceptions to total fat for example: milk, yoghurt, cottage/ricotta cheese, other cheeses, margarine and nuts and oils. Choose a food product that has the least amount of total, trans and saturated fat. Low fat products contain less than 3g/100g fat in the food.

### Carbohydrates (Sugars)

(Baker IDI, 2011)
Aim for <15g/100g of sugar in your selected food product. Exceptions may be products such as foods containing dried fruit which have naturally occurring sugar.

### Sodium (salt)

Aim for low sodium foods <120mg/100g (Heart Foundation 2013). Exceptions may be products such as stock which may have up to 400mg/100g. For foods that already have a high amount of sodium, avoid adding any extra salt (Baker IDI, 2011).

### Fibre:

Aim for 7.5g/100g or more (Baker IDI, 2011). Adults should aim for a total of 25-30g of fibre per day (Heart Foundation, 2013). Exceptions may be foods that do not contain fibre such as dairy foods.
Note: Ingredients used to make up fat, sugar or sodium may be listed as different names on the label.

## Nutrition claims

Take note of any nutrition claims made on packaging and make sure they are supported. Ensure that you look at the overall picture and do not get drawn in by one claim (e.g. lollies that are 99% fat free, does not mean it is good for you!)

## Symbols on packaging

Depending on your specific dietary requirements, you may like to be on the lookout for certain symbols (shown in photos beside) on packaging such as:
* Heart Foundation tick (Figure 3)
* Low GI-Certified (Figure 4)
* Vegan/vegetarian friendly (Figure 5)
* Other components of foods (Figure 6) e.g. Lactose-free, Gluten-free

## Food allergies

These are clearly listed on the packaging in bold.

## Additional useful resources:

* Printable NIP wallet card
http://www.foodauthority.nsw.gov.au/_Documents/consumer_pdf/NIP_wallet_card.pdf
* More information on label reading
http://www.healthyfoodguide.com.au/resources/label-reading-guide
http://www.bakeridi.edu.au/Assets/Files/Label%20Reading%202011%20PDF.pdf
* Calculate your approximate energy needs
http://www.tiptop.com.au/healthnutrition/healthy-eating/kj-intake-calculator
* Find your nearest Accredited Practising Dietitian for specific dietary advice
http://daa.asn.au/for-the-public/find-an-apd/
References used:
Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (2011). Label Reading. Retrieved 1st September 2013,
Heart Foundation (2013). Food Labels. Retrieved 1st September 2013,