OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martinique

* Martinique is an overseas department or region of France with full political integration into the mother country.
* The meter stamps are identical to those used in continental France and differ only in the contents of the town marks. See FRANCE/Annex for more information.
# Maldives

* The former British dependency of The Maldive Islands obtained its independence in 1965.
* Only one postage meter is known to have been used in the Maldives. It was probably located at a window in the main post office.
1. Neopost “2205” (MV). [Quite scarce, few examples known]
    Upright rectangular frank with straight-line frame.
    Coat of arms at top center.
    “MALDIVES” and “POSTAGE PAID” vertical outside side frame lines.
    Without meter number.
    TM: BIC
    V/F: 000
# Marshall Islands

* The Republic of the Marshall Islands, along with the Federated States of Micronesia, were formerly part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands administered by the United States. Before 1988, meters of the United States were used.
* The earliest meter stamps are dated 1988.
* The single stamp design seen so is inscribed “RMI” (Republic of the Marshall Islands).
1. Postalia (MV), 1988. [$10]
    Upright frank with single-line border and panels at top and bottom.
    “RMI POSTAGE” in top panel, “POSTALIA” and “METER”/ (number) in bottom panel.
    Four stars at left of the value figures, unidentified shape, possibly a map of the islands, at right.
    TM: DC
    V/F: 0.00
# Mauritania

* A former French colony, Mauritania gained independence in 1960. For issues before 1960, see FRANCE Types AA3 and AB1 (with “FORT DE FRANCE” in town mark) and FRENCH WEST AFRICA.
1. Satas “D” (MV), 1960. [$25]
    The frank would be like Type 2 but with "SD" prefix to the meter number.
    It would have a straight-line town mark stretching out about 70 or 80 mm at bottom left of the frank.
    V/F: ★000
2. Satas “R” (MV). [$10]
    Inscribed “REPUBLIQUE/ ISLAMIC” at top, “MAURITANIE” at bottom above the meter number.
    M# with “SR” prefix.
                                                    A. "ISLAMIQUE" 15½ mm wide
                                                    B. "ISLAMIQUE" 13½ mm wide
    TM: SC
    V/F: ★000
3. Satas “P” (MV). [$25]
    The stamp would look similar to Type 2 but the meter number would have “SP” prefix.
    M# with “SP” prefix.
    TM: SC
                         V/F: ★000
4. Satus “J” (MV). [$15]
    As Type 2 but meter number with “SJ” prefix.
    TM: SC
    V/F: 0000
5. Secap “N” (MV). [$25]
    Inscribed “REP. ISLAMIQUE/ DE MAURITANIE” at top and "POSTES" above meter number at bottom.
    M# with “N” prefix.
    TM: SL below frank
    V/F: ★000
6. Unidentified (digital).
    This is a Post Office registration label that also includes the postage.
    Plain white label with bar code and registration number across the top, followed by:
                                                 - date and time
                                                 - post office identification
                                                 - value figures
                                                 - weight
                                                 - destination
    V/F: 000 Ouguiya
# Madeira Islands

* Also called Funchal or Funchal Islands, a group of volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean.
* Administratively they form the autonomous region of Madeira, a Department of Portugal.
* The meter stamps of PORTUGAL are used.
# Mario franchise strategy guide/Enemies/Whomp

A Whomp is a large, walking brick-like enemy in Super Mario 64 and Super Mario 64 DS. They seem to have received a recent injury to their backs, because they have bandages on their backs, they have also appeared in the later Mario Party.
# Mario franchise strategy guide/Enemies/Ukiki

Ukkiki, also frequently spelled "Ukiki," is a monkey from several Nintendo video games, most notably Super Mario 64 and Super Mario 64 DS. His main function in Super Mario 64 and Super Mario 64 DS is to steal the hat of the games' playable characters, Mario, Luigi, and Wario, causing them to take extra damage. In both Super Mario 64 and Super Mario 64 DS, Ukkiki is featured in the course "Tall, Tall Mountain," where he appears as a charcter in one of the course's playable episodes.
In this specific episode, the character-controlled player needs to retrieve a treasure, which is locked in a cage, and the only way to open is to retrieve a key to open it. The only such key that can do this is in the possession of Ukkiki, who lives on the mountain summit. After retrieving the key, Ukkiki will attempt to steal the hat of the player-controlled character. This can be serious, as Mario, Luigi, and Wario take twice as much damage when they do not have their hats. The only way to take the hat back is to find Ukkiki and physically wrest the hat from his grip, usually with a diving tackle. This can be dangerous, as Ukkiki frequents high mountain slopes, and players overzealously attempting to reclaim their lost headgear may inadvertently plunge over the side of the mountain. After being caught, Ukkiki returns the hat to the player with a minimum of additional problems. However, as soon as the player has their hat back, Ukkiki will not hesitate to steal it again.
Ukkiki has cameo appearances in other video games from the Mario series, including some of those from the Mario Party series. He usually plays a part in throwing bananas onto the game board during play, which may change the direction of player's motion. He also interferes in mini-games much the same way, with effects specific to each mini-game. He does not engage in hat-stealing activities in the Mario Party games, however. Finally, he has made some brief appearances in the Zelda games on the Gameboy.
# Mario franchise strategy guide/Games/Donkey Kong
## About the game

Donkey Kong is a video game launched by Nintendo on July 19th, 1981 on the Japanese arcade scene. It was later released on the 31st for the North American export market, in Europe on August 2nd, and in Oceania on November 22nd. The game (originally developed by Shigeru Miyamoto and Gunpei Yokoi has since been ported to various home computer and video game console platforms. Here are listed the more "mainstream" versions, thus excluding the 1994 Game Boy remake or the dedicated electronic games.
Donkey Kong is famous as the first appearances of "Jumpman" (later renamed "Mario") and the titular giant ape.

## Gameplay

The player controls Jumpman/Mario inside an in-construction building, trying to rescue his girlfriend Lady/Pauline from Donkey Kong. Donkey Kong is usually at the top of a level, throwing objects at Jumpman. Jumpman loses a life when being hit by Kong's barrels and other obstacles.
The principal objective of the game is for Jumpman to reach the point of the screen where Lady is, usually forming the shape of a heart between the two, only for her to be grabbed by Kong and taken one stage further in the building.

## Levels

Level 22 is the highest level reachable in many versions of the game, and is impossible to beat for most human players.

## List of versions

In alphabetical order:

### Amstrad CPC

* Developer: Arcana Software Design (original by Nintendo)
* Publisher: Ocean Software
* Release date:
** PAL: July 26th, 1986
* Requirements:
* Computer.
File:Donkey Kong flier.jpg

## Sources

* 1 2 https://www.mobygames.com/game/cpc/donkey-kong
* ↑ https://www.cpc-power.com/index.php?page=detail&num=741
# Mario franchise strategy guide/Items/1-up Mushroom

1-up Mushrooms are common items that appear in the Super Mario games. These mushrooms have green caps with white spots (originally orange caps with green spots). When Mario picks up one of these mushrooms, he will be given an extra try to beat the level (also known in video game terms as a 1-up).
These mushrooms appear in frequent Mario games, and are used for the same purpose in each game. They have also become used to represent advancement or gain in computer pop culture. The sound the game makes when Mario grabs the 1-up Mushroom has also become entrenched in pop culture, referenced by video-game players, alongside the sound made when Link picks up an item in a The Legend of Zelda game.
The 1-up Mushroom has also accumulated another connotation since the dominance of next-gen consoles like the PlayStation and the Xbox. It has come to represent identification with old school video gamers, a category of gamers who disavow the mainstreaming characteristics of next-generation game designers, licensors, and distributors, who have been accused of ignoring the fan base for the masses. Thus, the 1-up Mushroom is now part of an 8/16-bit lexicon that illustrates disapproval and resistance towards a perceived betrayal by the gaming industry and the standards by which 8 and 16-bit games should be judged. Shigeru Miyamoto wore a shirt at E3 2005 featuring the 1-up mushroom and text below it reading "1-up". These mushrooms are also known to appear in a wide variety of clothing and items. Some of these items include: shirts (and other forms of clothing), video-game console skins, and lanyards.
On April Fool's Day, 2006, online computer-geek store ThinkGeek offered a living version of this mushroom, supposedly imported from Kyoto, Japan. The spores packet claimed that eating this mushroom will grant immortality, although, of course, as an April Fool's joke, it was impossible to actually order one online.
Here is another take on the theme, discussing some of the philosophical issues regarding 1-up mushrooms.
# Horticulture/Pre-emergent Herbicides

Pre-emergent herbicides are substances applied to the soil that prevent the successful germination of weed seeds. Timing is important when using these, as the applicator needs to know when to apply them: if applied too early, they may lose their effectiveness by the time weeds are germinating, if applied too late the weeds will already have grown beyond the point where they are vulnerable to this treatment.
This page is a stub entry in Horticulture. Please see the Manual of Style for guidelines on how to expand it.
# Horticulture/Pruning

Pruning is the removal of plant material in order to improve the shape and/or health of a plant.
Herbaceous plant pruning:
Woody plant pruning:
* Terms:
** Leader: A main branch, generally vertical and with side branches (laterals).
** Lateral: A horizonally held branch coming off a leader.
** Sucker: New stems or trunks emerging from therootstock of a tree or shrub.
** Water sprout: Vertical branches arising from a lateral.
** Crotch: Where two branches are connected at the base
** Included bark: Bark that is squeezed between two branches within a narrow crotch.
** Branch collar: A (generally raised) area on a large branch where the xylem and phloem go around a smaller branch.
** Cambium: The growing tissue between the bark and the wood.
** Dormant bud: Buds on branches or trunks that are not active and generally are not obviously visible on the bark.
** Bleeding: Loss of sap due to unhealed cuts and/or diseased tissues.
** Stub: Part of a branch that remains after the main part is removed by pruning or other causes.
* Types:
** Coppicing: Cutting a tree or shrub to the ground or nearly so.
** Thinning: Reducing the density of branches to allow air or light to penetrate the canopy.
** Fine pruning: A pruning technique where cuts are "hidden" as much as possible in order to leave the tree or shrub looking as if it naturally grew to the resulting form.
** Shearing: Cutting all the branches of a shrub or hedge back to a set line.
** Topping: Cutting the branches of large trees back to a set line
** Pollarding:
** Limbing
** Candling
* Order of business:
** Deadwood
** Damaged and diseased branches
** Rubbing branches
** Crossing branches
** Branches in the way
** Reduction
** Aeration
** Symmetry and form
# Horticulture/Predators and Parasites of Garden Pests

Effective control of many garden pests can be achieved by either attracting or introducing predators, parasites, and parasitoids.
This page is a stub entry in Horticulture. Please see the Manual of Style for guidelines on how to expand it.
# Horticulture/Protective Clothing

* Goggles
* Chaps

## Ear protection

* Plugs
* Muffs

## Masks

* Brush Masks
* Dust Masks
* Respirators

## Gloves

* Work Gloves
* Chemical Gloves

## Helmets

* Ground Crew Helmets
* Climbing Helmets
* Brush Helmets

## Boots

* Muck Boots
* Steel Tipped Boots
* Climbing Boots

## Climbing Equipment

* Harnesses
* Ropes
* Lanyards
* Spikes

## Spraying Equipment

* Respirators
* Coveralls
# Horticulture/Prunus 'Okame'

Okame Cherry :
| Binomial: | Prunus x incamp |
| Variety: | cv. 'Okame' |
| Type: | Small tree |
| Light requirements: | Full sun to part shade |
| USDA Hardiness Zone: | 6-9 |
| Pruning season: | Late winter (for forcing), or after bloom |
| Transplant: | Easily transplants |
| Bloom season: | Early spring |
| Pollination: | Insects |
| Shade cast: | Medium |
| Underplanting: | Can be underplanted |
Okame cherry is a hybrid tree, which is one of the earliest cherries to bloom, and thus is often planted in parks and gardens. The name "Okame" is Japanese, referring to a woman who is often depicted in statues.

## Description

More or less vase-shaped crown, densely covered in pink flowers before the leaves emerge in the spring.

## Growing conditions

Full sun to medium shade, often does fine under high canopies. The plant prefers deep, fertile soils. Somethat drought tolerant after established.

## Uses

As a specimen or patio shade tree. Forces well, so can also be grown for cut flowers.

## Maintenance

Pruning for crossing branches should be done every 2-4 years. The tree is often grafted, so basal suckers should be removed if present.

## Propagation

Generally grafted.

## Harvesting

For forcing, cut branches just as the buds begin to expand.

## Pests and diseases

Usually problem-free. See Prunus for a list of pests and diseases.
# Lisp Programming/Overview

An overview, eh? So, very quickly, here are the nuts and bolts;
tail-end recursion... creating a factorial function.
lists, what lisp is named for, and a few functions that get at lisp.
if you must, you can also do:
but you can't compose it (ex have doing car cdr be cadr)
and yay, macros...
by this time, we're kind of getting in over our heads, but hey!
I couldn't figure out a way to incorporate all four types of function arguments into one (you can't, and it's generally a bad idea to combine more than 2 of them.)
There's also the CLOS (common lisp object system) and a whole lot of other stuff that you probably should know about, but if you want to really, you better work through a good tutorial.
So hey, that's kind of a rough gist of Lisp. Have fun lisping!
# Lisp Programming/Syntax

Lisp has no syntax. Or very little to speak off.
is pretty close to the syntax of Lisp. An Operator acts on the Arguments provided.
# Lisp Programming/History

Lisp was developed by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1958. He believed that the Turing model of computation was too crude, and designed, as a theoretical exercise, a language with nine operators. These included such things as an if-like statement (the first language to have one), functions to manipulate lists, and a lambda operator for creating functions. This notation and idea were largely from lambda calculus developed by Alonzo Church.
A student of McCarthy implemented Lisp on one of the college computers, something which McCarthy never intended. Despite this, Lisp soon became popular in the MIT environment, and soon attracted enthusiasts, including a certain Richard Stallman. Richard Stallman, and other hackers, such as Eric Raymond, often term Lisp their favorite language.
Lisp has always remained something of a niche language, but, most programmers who code in it regularly speak of it in glowing terms. Its low popularity and high customer satisfaction are probably explained by the fact that it is difficult to learn at first, or at least appears that way.
# Lisp Programming/Introduction

After Fortran, Lisp is the oldest programming language still in use today. It is a functional, imperative, dynamically strongly typed language, but markedly different from virtually every other language in existence. It can be compiled or interpreted, with good compilers producing code that runs almost as fast as C. The name "Lisp" is a contraction of List Processing, but, in the words of Paul Graham, Lisp is no more for processing lists than polo shirts are for polo.
Lisp has become known as a language for Artificial Intelligence systems, which was admittedly its original purpose. It has proven itself, however, to be a very versatile language, used in applications as diverse as web-applications, CAD software, and the Emacs text-editor.
Lisp code is very strange to look at at first, mainly because of its prefix notation. In infix notation, an expression is written with each binary operator between two operands:
In prefix notation, operators can take any number of operands, not just two. The operator comes first, followed by the operands:
The parentheses are always required because they show where the arguments to the function start and end. This form of expression is known as an s-expression.
Function calls in Lisp also take the form of s-expressions: the first token in the parentheses specifies the function, and the remaining tokens and expressions in the parentheses are the arguments. For instance, a Lisp Hello, World program could be written:
(The function to print to standard output is called something other than print in some dialects of Lisp.)
# Lisp Programming/Beginning Lisp

Lisp syntax is very simple and easy to understand. A list is a series of atoms surrounded by parentheses, and the first atom of a list is a function. Any atoms after the first are parameters of the function. An example Lisp expression to add the numbers 1 and 2 together might look like this:
As you can see, the expression is a list. The first atom is +, which is also a function to be evaluated. 1 and 2 are the parameters of the + function.
You can also use a list as a parameter of a function like this, which adds the numbers 1 and 2 together, but somewhat more fancily:
In this example, the second parameter of the + function is a list. The first atom is a function: +. So the inner list is evaluated to two (1+1=2), and then that result is used as the second parameter of the outer list, which then gives the result 3.
There are of course many other functions in Lisp. Some of the most basic are these: +, -, /, *, quote, set, and cons. It should be obvious what the +, -, *, and / functions do and how they work.
The quote function returns its first argument, unevaluated. This is useful for passing a form (expression) to a function, without first evaluating that form (expression).
would return
quote can also be abbreviated as '.
' goes "outside" the list that it acts on. So
would return
just like in the first example.
The cons function constructs a list by adding an item to a list. Adding an item to the empty list ' creates a new list.
returns
returns
Many of the attributes of Lisp are due to the fact that lists are constructed of conses.

## Variables

In Lisp, there are several ways to set a variable. Here are the most common.
Setq sets a variable to a given value. If the variable doesn't exist, then it is created. All variables created with setq are global. Setq works like this:
An example bit o' code using setq would be this:
Which should print "I am a camel!" when it executes.
# Lisp Programming/External Links

* http://www.paulgraham.com/onlisp.html
* http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/
* http://www.schemers.org/
* http://www.transys.us/lisp.htm
# Listen and Learn Science
## Designed for Visually Impaired students

Guide for Visually Impaired Students

## Physics
### Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

### Atomic units

Atomic Units

### Linear Motion

Linear Motion

### Force

Force

### Energy

Energy

### Sound

Sound

### States of Matter

States of Matter

### Heat

Heat

### Light
## Chemistry
### Elements

Elements

### Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions

## Biology
### Cells

Cells

### Microbes

Microbes

### Taxonomy

Taxonomy

### Food
## Ecology
### Environment

Environment

### Natural Resources

Natural Resources
# Listen and Learn Science/Atomic Units
## Atomic Units.
### Gram Molecular Mass.

Template:Listen and Learn Science
# Models and Theories in Human-Computer Interaction/Social Anonymity

When understanding group systems and analyzing the computer mediated communication ideology (CMC), one basic concept to understand is social impacts that these mediums have. One area of key focus is the social anonymity that is associated with CMC and its impact on society as a whole. As users begin to more frequently rely on computer based communications versus human based interactions, it can begin to appear to users that they are no longer communicating with another person but rather with a machine.
As mentioned by Kiesler, Siegel, and McGuire (1984), “Messages are depersonalized, inviting stronger or more unihibited text and more assertiveness in return. It might be especially hard to communicate liking or intimacy without writing unusually positive text.” This demonstrates that when communicating with other users with CMC, it is difficult to pass meaning, emotion, sarcasm or other human like behavior. This causes users to depersonalize their communication efforts, and could cause others to misinterpret the full meaning of the message being presented.
As techonolgy and research advances new ideas are being presented to bring humanization to CMC. Advanced video conferencing, sound, and emoticons demonstrate a few of these techniques that are beginning to bring the user back to interacting to other users as humans versus as machines. This allows a higher capacity of demonstrating emotion and feeling in communication which will bring more context to the written text.
Works Cited Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., & McGuire, T. W. (1984). Social Psychological Aspects of Computer-Mediated Communication. American Psychologist, 39(10), 1123-1134.