OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Backgammon
## Contents

   * Introduction
   * History
   * General Rules and Gameplay
   ** Setup, Movement, and Doubling
   ** Sample Game
   * Opening Moves
   * Strategy
   * The Social Chouette Play
   * Authors
   * Glossary

## Literature

* Backgammon (also called "The Backgammon Bible") by Paul Magriel and Renee Magriel (Harwich Port: Clock & Rose Press, 2004) is the acknowledged best book on the game, particularly for beginning and intermediate players.
* Starting out in backgammon: An introduction to the gameplay and tactics for backgammon board game, Paul Lamford, 2001
* Beginning backgammon: Strategy and tactics for winning play, J. Du C. Vere Monlyneux, 1984
# Open Sicilian

The aggressive advance of White's d-pawn forms a classical centre (pawns on e4 and d4), a strong formation which threatens to gain a large space advantage by a subsequent d5 or e5. Black is therefore compelled to break up White's centre.
In the Sicilian, this is easily achieved with the exchange 3...cxd4, the control of d4 being the major reason the c-pawn was moved to c5 originally. With this natural move Black acquires a majority of central pawns and half-opens the c-file.
Their other means of attacking the centre pawns is with 3...Nf6, in an attempt to avoid the Maróczy Bind by tempting the b1 knight out, but White can simply take the c-pawn with quicker development.
3...Nc6 invites either d5 or dxc5 with a strong initiative.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4
| | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Main line | ... cxd4 | Nxd4 Nf6 | Nc3 e6 | = |
| | ... Nf6 | dxc5 Nxe4 | cxd6 Nc6 | ∞ |
| | ... Nc6 | d5 Ne5 | Nxe5 dxe5 | += |
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Open Sicilian

White's knight removes Black's d-pawn, freeing their f-pawn to advance, and radiates power in all directions from its central post.
The resulting exchanges have left White with a semi-open d-file and Black with a semi-open c-file. White has also swapped a central pawn for a wing pawn. According to Fred Reinfeld, if a center (d- or e-) pawn is worth about $1.00, a bishop's (c- or f-) pawn is worth about $0.90. Therefore, Black has, in effect, swapped a dollar for a dollar, but kept the ten cents as change! Fortunately, to compensate for this, White has a marked spatial advantage in the center, plus a small lead in development. Using their open d-file, White will attempt to pressure Black's d6-point. In some lines, Black voluntarily makes this pawn on d6 backward with the advance ...e7-e5 in exchange for dynamic play in the center and queenside. While it is true that Black does not always achieve this play in the center, they almost always get queenside play rolling with ...a7-a6 and ...b7-b5. If White castles queenside, these pawns will be a dangerous attacking force. However, if White castles kingside, the danger posed by these pawns is significantly less, although they are still part of a positional plan to expand on the queenside.
White has a pawn on the fourth rank. Nominally, it gains space, and many battles have been fought over whether this space advantage is relevant. However, in many variations of the Sicilian (particularly the Najdorf Variation), the e-pawn becomes a target. This can also be seen in the natural development of Black's pieces: ...b7-b5, ...Ng8-f6, and sometimes ...Nb8-d7-c5. When the neighboring pawn on f2 advances to the fourth rank, White gains more space on the kingside, getting good chances for attack there. In all, this adds up to a very sharp game, which is why the Sicilian Defence is the most popular opening today.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4
| | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Main line | ... Nf6 | Nc3 a6 | Be3 e6 | = |
| Accelerated Dragon | ... g6 | c4 Bg7 | +/= |
| | ... Nc6 | +/= |
| | ... a6 | +/= |
| | ... e6 | +/- |
| | ... e5 | +/= |
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. Nc3

3. Nc3 is a flexible choice, which leaves Black with the decision making process. White can still go for the Open Sicilian with d4 break, or a closed setup with g3, or something like the canal attack or rossolimo with Bb5.
# Open Sicilian

Black captures White's d-pawn with cxd4 to reduce White's control of the centre, expecting the pawn to be recaptured.
White usually plays 4. Nxd4 so that the knight may subsequently move to b3 to assist in the defence of their king following queenside castling. A knight on d4 also eyes the f5 square and once the king is safe on the queenside can support the advance of a barrage of pawns at Black's castled position.
After 4. Qxd4 the White queen, while nicely centralised, is liable to be kicked around by Black and forced to retreat while the f3 knight is blocking the f-pawn from advancing to support a kingside attack. Provided Black avoids a transposition to the Rossolimo variation, White can have trouble activating their king's bishop after Qxd4. In general, though Qxd4 is solid enough, Nxd4 injects more life into the position, which 1. e4 players tend to be happy about.
Also in keeping with the position is the gambit 4. c3, usually transposing into the Morra Gambit. White obtains a lead in development and aims to fully open the c-file to counter Black's influence thereof.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4
| | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Main line | Nxd4 Nf6 | Nc3 e6 | +/= |
| Chekhover Sicilian | Qxd4 Nf6 | e5 Nc6 | Bb5 Qa5+ | = |
| Morra Gambit | c3 dxc3 | Nxc3 Nf6 | = |
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# 3. c3

White aims to block black's dark-square bishop from the long diagonal and support a d4 advance. Play can transpose into an Alapin.
# Open Sicilian

Moves: 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. Bb5+ Nd7
...Nd7 is a more defensive variant considered to grant White a minor advantage.
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Sicilian, Najdorf
### 3...Nf6
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Nf6
| | 4 | 5 |
| Sicilian, Najdorf | Nc3 cxd4 | |
| | dxc5 Nxe4 | |
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...Nf6/4. dxc5

dxc5 seems like an enticing move for white for a queen exchange and displacing black's king but is easily diffused in this line with Nxe4.
Nc3 is currently the preferred white move in the main line, however Bb5 or Bg5 are widely accepted but less played through openings.
# Sicilian Canal-Sokolsky (Rossolimo) Attack
### 3...Nc6
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bb5+ Nc6
| | 4 | 5 |
| Sicilian | O-O Bd7 | |
| | Bxc6+ bxc6 | |
| | d4 cxd4 | = |
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* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Irregular Queen's Pawn
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 c6 2.c4
| | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Slav Defence | c4 d5 | Nf3 Nf6 | Nc3 dxc4 | a4 Bf5 | e3 e6 | Bxc4 Bb4 | = |
| Indian Defence | ... Nf6 | Nc3 d5 | = |
| Dutch Defence | ... f5 | Nc3 Nf6 | ∞ |
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## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Queen's Bongcloud
## 2. Kd2??

2. Kd2? is thought to be the worst following move to 1. d4 d5 with the exception of 2. Bh6?? The problems with 2. Kd2? are that the King move prevents castling to protect the King, endangers the King, and ignores development. Unlike the normal Bongcloud Attack, this move has no redeeming qualities or potential whatsoever and is an obvious error.
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# Queen's Pawn Game: Chigorin Variation

The Chigorin Variation (Named after Mikhail Chigorin) is an opening that may often transpose to other lines. It is rarely played by masters and tournament players, as the c-pawn is blocked, disallowing it from contesting the d5-pawn. Nonetheless, this line is considered sound and leads to closed positions involving much slow, strategic maneuvering.
The main lines after this are the 2... Nf6 3. Bf4, the Jobava London System, and 2... Nf6 3. Bg5, the Richter–Veresov Attack (which transposes into the French Defense after 3... e6 or remains in independent lines after 3... Nbd7).
Black can also reasonably play 2... e6 (which likely leads to the aforementioned lines), 2... c6 (likely transposing to the Caro–Kann after 3. e4), 2... g6, 2... Bf5, or even 2... f5!? (the Dutch Variation), 2... c5!? (the Irish Gambit, which is a fairly unexplored option), or the unclear 2...e5!? (the Shaviliuk Gambit).
2... Nc6 transposes to the Nimzowitsch Defence after 3. e4, normally reached by 1. e4 Nc6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 d5 2. Nc3
| | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Nimzowitsch Defense | ... Nc6 | e4 dxe4 | d5 Nb8!? | Nxe4 c6 | = |
| Alburt Defense | ... Bf5 | Bf4 Nc6 | e3 e6 | g4 Bg6 | = |
| Jobava London | ... Nf6 | Bf4 a6 | e3 e6 | g4 Bb4 | = |
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# Closed Game
### 1...d5

With 1...d5, Black begins to fight for the center in the traditional fashion, by occupying it with pawns. 1...d5 opens a diagonal for the development of the light-squared black bishop, and it also discourages, though does not definitively prevent, an immediate 2. e4. If White plays e4 immediately, they initiate the Blackmar-Diemer gambit, which is considered dubious against best play.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. d4 d5
White's main options are now:
| | 2 |
| Queen's Gambit | c4 e6 | = |
| Zukertort Variation | Nf3 Nf6 | = |
| Mason Variation | Bf4 Nf6 | = |
| Levitsky Attack | Bg5 h6 | = |
| Chigorin Variation | Nc3 Nf6 | = |
| Queen's Pawn Game | e3 Nf6 | = |
| Blackmar-Diemer Gambit | e4 dxe4 | ⩱ |
| Amazon Attack | Qd3 | ⩱ |
| Queen's Bongcloud | Kd2? Nc6 | ∓ |
| London System Main Base Position with ...d5 | Bf4 | = |
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## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Levitsky Attack or Queen's Bishop Attack
### 2. Bg5

Bg5 is an immediate attack by white, in hopes of slowing black's development via pinning the pawn on e7. This position can be negated by black developing Nf6, or a pawn move f6. usually, the bishop cannot remain in its position for long, necessitating a loss of tempo.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 d5 2. Bg5
Black's main options are:
| 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ... Nf6 | Nc3 | = to 1...Nf6 2. Bg5 d5 |
| Bg5 h6 | Bh4 c6 | e3 Qb6 | = |
| ... f6 | Bh4? Nh6! | e3? Nf5 | -/+ |
| ... c5 | dxc5 f6 | Bh4 e5 | += |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Queen's Pawn Game
## 2...h6
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.d4 d5 2.Bg5 h6
* 3
* Bh4
* Bf4
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Queen's Pawn Game: Chigorin Variation, Alburt Defense

The Alburt Defense is a rare line of the Queen's Pawn Game. This line has only appeared 32 times in 365chess.com's Master Database of over 500,000 games (as of September 13, 2020).

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. d4 d5 2. Nc3 Bf5
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Bf4 Nf6 | e3 e6 | Bd3 Bxd3 | cxd4 Nc6 | =+/= |
| Nf3 e6 | Bf4 Nf6 | e3 Bd6 | Bxd6 Qxd6 | =+/= |
| f3 | | | | = |
| e4 | | | | = |
| e3 | | | | = |
| Bg5 | | | | = |
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Bg5/2...e6
## 2...e6??

This move is a blunder as it loses the queen with 3. Bxd8. This move is a bit popular because some players do not notice the pin, and lose on the spot.
1. d4 d5 2. Bg5 e6??
# Business Intelligence/Produce reports

* Purpose: Improve the reports and make sure they meets organization IS guidelines
* Input: Report prototype
* Activities: Produce reports according to production specifications
* Outputs: Finalized reports
* Documentation: Report Documentation and Manual
# Business Intelligence/Produce ETL system

* Input: ETL system
* Activities: Produce ETL system according to production specifications
* Outputs: Finalized ETL system
* Documentation: ETL system Documentation and Manual
* Purpose: Improve the ETL system and make sure it meets organization IS guidelines
# Business Intelligence/Link dashboard reports data mart

* Purpose:
* Input: Report prototypes, data mart prototype and information architecture
* Activities: Bring technical infrastructure together into one system
* Outputs: BI Frame Prototype
* Documentation: Finalized Frame BI Prototype
# Business Intelligence/Link dashboard and reports to data mart

* Purpose: bring the infrastructure of the frame together and complete the frame
* Input: Data mart, reports and dashboard
* Activities: Bring technical infrastructure together into one system
* Outputs: Finalized BI Frame
* Documentation: Finalized BI system, including technical infrastructure, documentation and manuals
Once the system is completed the infrastructure needs to be completed along with the documentation and user manuals.
# Business Intelligence/Produce data mart

* Purpose: Improve the data mart and make sure it meets organization IS guidelines
* Input: Data mart prototype
* Activities: Refractor data mart according to production specifications
* Outputs: Finalized data mart
* Documentation: Data mart Documentation and Manual
# Business Intelligence/Project charter

* Purpose: Clearly identify the objectives of the BI project. The goals of the project must be made clear to the stakeholders.
* Input: All documentation
* Activities: Consolidate Documentation from planning stage
* Outputs: Acceptance of project charter by frame stakeholders
* Documentation: Project charter
It is assumed that a project proposal has been delivered and accepted. The next step is to develop a project charter. The project charter is usually a short document that refers to more detailed documents such as a new offering request or a request for proposal. The project charter establishes the authority assigned to the project manager. This is a project management tool used to define the scope, objectives and participants in a project. See wikipedia section on Project Charter or .

## Purpose

The purpose of the project charter is to document:
* Reasons for Project
* Objectives and constraints
* Directions concerning the solution
* Identities of the main stakeholders

## Charter contents

The charter should contain:
* Preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities
* An outline of project objectives
* Identities of the main stakeholders
* Project manager's authority
* References to important project documents

## Uses

The three main uses of the project charter:
* To authorize the project - using a comparable format, projects can be ranked and authorized by Return on Investment.
* Serves as the primary sales document for the project - ranking stakeholders have a 1-2 page summary to distribute, present, and keep handy for fending off other project or operations runs at project resources.
* As a focus point throughout the project - for example: project as people walk in to team meetings and use in change control meetings to ensure tight scope management.
# Business Intelligence/Produce dashboard

* Purpose: Improve the reports and make sure they meets organization IS guidelines
* Input: Dashboard prototype
* Activities: Refractor dashboard according to production specifications
* Outputs: Finalized dashboard
* Documentation: Dashboard Documentation and Manual
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/311
## Annotations

patois (French) a regional or substandard dialect. The word patois originally meant: incomprehensible speech, or rude language, which is the point the Citizen is making about English.
cabinet d'aisance (French) water closet, toilet.
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen is a quotation from Thomas Gray's "Elegy written in a Country Churchyard"
Conspuez les Anglais! Perfide Albion! (French) Down with the English! Treacherous England. Conspuez derives from the Latin conspuere (to spit on), though the primary meaning in French is to boo. The latter phrase, Perfidious Albion, is of obscure origin. Variants of this phrase have been used a byword for English fickleness since the 13th century, while the familiar form was probably coined by Augustin, Marquis of Ximenez in 1793. See also 316.26-27.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 349.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 349.
* ↑ Thornton (1968) 278-279.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/307
## Annotations

compos mentis (Latin) A legal expression meaning of sound mind, sane.
A pishogue, if you know what that is. Clearly, the Citizen does not know what that is. A pishogue is a magic spell. The Hiberno-English word he is looking for is pithogue, from the Irish piteog, which means an effeminate man, a dandy, a sissy, or (in modern usage) a homosexual, which is possibly what lies behind the Citizen's insult. The term pishogue is never applied to individuals.
It is possible that the mistake is Joyce's rather than the Citizen's. The two words occur on the same page of Father Dineen's Irish-English Dictionary (first edition). Joyce certainly knew this work; it was first published in 1904, the year in which Ulysses is set, and Dineen appears in Scylla and Charybdis (202.31-32 and 206.30). If the mistake is the Citizen's, it is another indication that he is not as fluent in the Irish language as he would have us believe. See also 301.24.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 345.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 345. Gifford, in common with most annotators, does not appreciate the Citizen's mistake.
* ↑ Dineen, Patrick S. (1904). Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla: An Irish-English Dictionary. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son Ltd. p. 508.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/309
## Annotations

in re (Latin) A legal term meaning in the matter of, with regard to.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/310
## Annotations

Decree nisi (Latin) A legal term from the Latin nisi (unless), denoting a court order that will become absolute at a specified date unless cause can be shown why it should not. In British law the term is most commonly applied to the initial stage of divorce proceedings, the divorce becoming absolute six months later. J. J. O'Molloy, a solicitor, is jocosely suggesting that the adultery of Derbforgaill and her paramour Diarmait Mac Murchada might have been used by her husband Tigernán Us Ruairc as grounds for a divorce.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 348.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/312
## Annotations

Lamh Dearg Abu (Errata) The correct form is: Lámh Dhearg Abú.
Lámh Dhearg Abú (Irish) Red Hand to Victory. The Red Hand of Ulster (Lámh Dhearg Uladh) has been a traditional symbol for the province of Ulster and its legendary figures since pagan times. Lámh Dhearg Abú was the war-cry of the O'Neills, who ruled large tracts of Ireland (including Ulster) since the 5th century.
The Red Hand was also depicted on the labels of bottles of Allsop's ale, so the phrase was also used as a drinking cry. See 314.33-35.
Raimeis (Errata) This should read: Ráiméis.
Ráiméis (Irish) Rubbish, Poppycock. The Irish word ráiméis derives from the Norman-French Romance, referring to the far-fetched tales of Medieval literature. It became a household word for empty hypocritical talk or cant in the first decade of the 20th century thanks to its regular use by the journalist D. P. Moran in The Leader.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 349. Thornton (1968) 279.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 349-350.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/313
## Annotations

en masse (French) in a single body or group.
# Chinese Stories
## Table of Contents

* Introduction

### Mythology

* Pangu
* Nüwa
* Houyi and Change
* Jade Rabbit
* Wu Gang
* Yu the Great

### Historical

* The Battle of Muye
* Tricking the lords
* Qu Yuan
* Burning books and burying Confucian scholars
* Calling a deer a horse
* The Feast at Hong Gate
* Chu songs from four directions
* Borrowing arrows

### Fiction/Fables

* Waiting for the rabbit
* The frog of the well

### Appendices

* List of characters
* Bibliography
* Further reading
* Authors
# Chinese Stories/Introduction

China is an emerging country. With 5000 years filled with exciting events, terrfic tales and sad stories, China has all it has to offer in stories. From mythology to history, philosophers' fables to works of fiction, China provides a wide variety of stories for all to enjoy. This book will try not only to present the story, but also provide relevant information, such as its history, variations, etc.
And remember, this is a Wikibook, which means every single person on the planet can revise and edit it. If you find an inaccuracy somewhere, click on the 'edit this page' tab to edit it. If you have any trouble regarding the editing, you can always go to the talk page of the book, Talk:Chinese Stories, to ask a question. Alternatively, you can ask one of the authors personally. Of course, after making a significant change to this book, you should add your name to the authors page!

## How to use this book

Every chapter contains the story first. The story is not necessarily told in a neutral, six-o'clock-news sort of manner, but in the traditional perspective, even if that perspective is biased or factually inaccurate. For example, most people despise Guy Fawkes and regard him in the Stuart perspective, so that perspective will be used. Alternative viewpoints will be mentioned in later sections, or in the footnotes at the end of each chapter. Many important Chinese stories have been made into idioms, so this and other miscellaneous pieces of information will also be included.
# Chinese Medicinal Formulas/Warm-natured Prescriptions for Inducing Resuscitation
## Prescriptions

* Suhexiang Wan
* Zijin Ding
# Chinese Stories/Authors

If you have made a significant contributions to this book, please sign your name with three tildes below.