OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MIPS Assembly/MIPS Architecture
## The MIPS architecture

MIPS is a register based architecture, meaning the CPU uses registers to perform operations on. There are other types of processors out there as well, such as stack-based processors and accumulator-based processors.
Registers are memory just like RAM, except registers are much smaller than RAM, and are much faster. In MIPS the CPU can only do operations on registers, and special immediate values.
MIPS processors have 32 general purpose registers, but some of these are reserved. A fair number of registers however are available for your use. For example, one of these registers, the program counter, contains the memory address of the next instruction to be executed. As the processor executes the instruction, the program counter is incremented, and the next memory address is fetched, executed, and so on.

## Why MIPS?

The MIPS architecture is a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC). As a RISC architecture, it doesn't assign individual instructions to complex, logically intensive tasks. This is in contrast to complex instruction set computer (CISC) architectures like the DEC VAX, which had an instruction to multiply polynomials and another to perform a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), often used in TCP/IP. At the time, it was thought that implementing such instructions in hardware would result in performance increase for programs that used them, even if it resulted in highly complex processor design. MIPS and other RISC architectures were based on the philosophy that, among other things, by only implementing a small core (only a few dozen instructions, instead of several hundred) of the most common instructions, architects could simplify the design and speed up the majority of common instructions so much that the cost of implementing complex programs as multiple instructions would be hidden.
Much has been written on the RISC versus CISC debate, so for our purposes we shall focus on the consequences of the MIPS design choices:
* All MIPS instructions are 32 bits long.
** This makes hardware for accessing and decoding instructions straightforward.
** This also means there are a finite number of instructions.
* All MIPS instructions belong to one of three instruction formats. This makes decoding instructions simple for both humans and hardware. Since the instruction format is regular, it doesn't take much work to learn most of the MIPS instruction set.

## MIPS Philosophies

* Simplicity favors regularity
* Good design demands good compromise
* Smaller is faster
* Make the common tasks the fastest
* ↑ John Mashey on RISC/CISC
* ↑ RISC vs. CISC
* ↑ Patterson, D. A. & Ditzel, D. R. (1980). The Case for the Reduced Instruction Set Computer. SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, 8(6), 25-33.
* ↑ Clark, D. W. & Strecker W. D. (1980). Comments on 'The case for the reduced instruction set computer' by Patterson and Ditzel. SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, 8(6), 34-38.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Prisoner of Azkaban

← Chamber of Secrets | Goblet of Fire →

## Chapters

    Chapter 1: Owl Post
    Chapter 2: Aunt Marge's Big Mistake
    Chapter 3: The Knight Bus
    Chapter 4: The Leaky Cauldron
    Chapter 5: The Dementor
    Chapter 6: Talons and Tea Leaves
    Chapter 7: The Boggart in the Wardrobe
    Chapter 8: Flight of the Fat Lady
    Chapter 9: Grim Defeat
    Chapter 10: The Marauder's Map
    Chapter 11: The Firebolt
    Chapter 12: The Patronus
    Chapter 13: Gryffindor Versus Ravenclaw
    Chapter 14: Snape's Grudge
    Chapter 15: The Quidditch Final
    Chapter 16: Professor Trelawney's Prediction
    Chapter 17: Cat, Rat and Dog
    Chapter 18: Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs
    Chapter 19: The Servant of Lord Voldemort
    Chapter 20: The Dementor's Kiss
    Chapter 21: Hermione's Secret
    Chapter 22: Owl Post Again

## Overview

The third installment in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is written from the point-of-view of 13 year-old Harry Potter. The title refers to convicted criminal, Sirius Black, who has escaped Azkaban, a wizard prison. Black's life previously intersected with Harry's history and continues to do so in the present. Darker and more mature than the preceding entries in the series, the book shows Harry's darker side, exploring some of the darker places in his past, and introduces the Dementors. It is the only book in the series which does not feature Lord Voldemort.

## Book Highlights

* New places visited: Hogsmeade, Shrieking Shack
* Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher: Remus John Lupin
* Title refers to: Harry Potter, Sirius Black, Azkaban Prison
# Korean History
## Table of contents

* Prehistoric Era
* Gojoseon
* Buyeo
* Three Kingdoms
* Unified Silla and Balhae
* Korea Dynasty
* Joseon Dynasty
* Japanese Colony
* Divided Korea
# Ktorrent

KTorrent is an advanced BitTorrent client for the K Desktop Environment.

## Note:

KTorrent was last updated Jan 17 2013, and the original website, ktorrent.org, has been abandoned since.
Last Known Info:
Website: [ https://www.kde.org/applications/internet/ktorrent/ ]
Last Post: [ https://www.linux-apps.com/content/show.php?content=26353 ]

## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* What is BitTorrent?
* How do I download files using BitTorrent?
** Opening a New Torrent
** Importing a Torrent With Existing Data (a partial download)
* Configuring KTorrent
** Downloads
*** Queue Manager
*** Preferences
*** Attention/forward port
** General
*** Folders
*** system tray icon
*** Custom IP
*** DHT
*** Encryption
** Advanced
*** Performance
*** Data Checking
*** Networking
** Plugin Options
** ScanFolder plugin
** Log viewer plugin
** UPnP plugin
** Info widget
** Search plugin
** Webinterface plugin
** Scheduler plugin
** IP blocking filter
* Using KTorrent
** Starting a torrent
** A look into torrent statics
** Using the Queuemanager
** Info Widget
*** Status
*** Files
*** Peers
*** Trackers
** Controlling torrents
** Grouping panel
** Bandwidth scheduler
** Logviewer
** IP Filter
** Web interface plugin
* Command Reference
** The Help Menu
* Questions and Answers
* Credits and License
A. Installation
* How to obtain KTorrent
* Requirements
* Compilation and Installation
B. Meaning of used terms in this handbook
# Ktorrent/bandwidth

The bandwidth scheduler allows you to set up a download schedule for each day and/or time range
The bandwidth scheduler is great if you get free downloads from your ISP during off peak periods as it allows you restrict ktorrent to only download during your ISP's off peak period.
The bandwidth scheduler also allows you to control the upload and download speeds for each period.
To use the bandwidth scheduler you must first enable it in via Plugin page in KTorrent configuration (Settings|Configure KTorrent...|Plugins)
To set up a schedule click the 'Bandwidth Schedule' tab. Now click 'New Item' Enter the 'From' and 'To' times that you want to have the schedule applied to.
Note: in version 3.2.1 of KTorrent there appears to be a bug in that you can't set a 'From' time after 11:00am. To get around this create an item for 11:00am save it and then use your mouse to drag the item down to the required start time.
Select the desired dates that you want the item to apply to and then set the limits as required.
Example: Your ISP offers free downloads between 2:00am and 12:00pm (lunch time) and you only want to download during the free periods.
You will need to add three items to handle this schedule.
Example Schedule :
| Item | Start Time | End Time | Days | Limits |
| 1 | 00:00 | 1:59 | M,T,W,T,F,S,S | Select 'Stop all Torrents' |
| 2 | 02:00 | 11:59 | M,T,W,T,F,S,S | Use the bandwidth calculator to determine 'download limit' |
| 3 | 12:00 | 23:59 | M,T,W,T,F,S,S | Select 'Stop all Torrents' |
You may want to set a download limit for Item 2 depending on how much free data you get during the off peak period. You may also want to set an upload limit if you pay for uploads. If not then there is no need to set an upload limit unless you need other programs to access the Internet during this period.
Once you have setup a schedule you will need to restart ktorrent before it will take affect [Is this right?].
You can also save and load schedules but this isn't needed for normal operation.
You can use the following calculation to work out what upload or download limits to set.
Speed Limit (KiB/s)=(FreeGB/FreeHours/31/3600)*1024*1024
Where: FreeGB = the amount of free data, in Giga Bytes) you receive each MONTH. FreeHours = the total number of hours each DAY during which downloads are free.
For example: You have 30 GB in free downloads each month. Any downloads between 2am and 12pm are free. This means that you have 14 hours of free downloads per day.
So the above equation would be: Speed Limit (KiB/s)=(30/14/31/3600)*1024*1024
In this case the answer is 20 KiB/s. So you would set the download limit for 'Item 2' above to 20 KiB/s.
# Ktorrent/commands
## Chapter 6. Command Reference
#### The Help Menu

Help->KTorrent Handbook (F1)
Starts the KDE Help system and loads the KTorrent help pages (this document).
Help->What's This? (Shift+F1)
Changes the mouse cursor to a combination arrow and question mark. Clicking on items within KTorrent with this cursor will open a small tool tip (if one exists for the particular item) explaining the item's function.
Help->Report Bug...
Opens the Bug report dialog where you can report a bug or request a “wishlist” feature.
Help->About KTorrent
This will display the version number of KTorrent installed on your computer and the author information.
Help->About KDE
This displays the KDE version and other basic information.
# Ktorrent/bittorrent
## Chapter 2. What is BitTorrent?

BitTorrent is a protocol allowing you to download files quickly by allowing other people downloading the file to upload (distribute) parts of it at the same time. BitTorrent is often used for distribution of very large and freely available files, as it is a lot cheaper, faster, and more efficient to distribute files using BitTorrent than a regular download.
For more information on the BitTorrent protocol visit the web site (http://www.bittorrent.org/introduction.html).
# Ktorrent/credits
## Chapter 8. Credits and License

kmyapplication
Program copyright 2005-2006 Joris Guison (... AT ktorrent.org) and Ivan Vasic (... AT ktorrent.org)
Contributors:
* This is for you to write guys.. (konqui AT kde.org)
* ... (tux AT linux.org)
Documentation Copyright (c) 2006 Joris Guisson(... AT ktorrent.org) and Ivan Vasic (... AT ktorrent.org)
This documentation is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
This program is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
# Ktorrent/advanced
## Advanced
### Performance

You can configure some advanced options such as memory usage, interface refresh time, data verification options while uploading, and the type of service field for networking.
In the first row, the setting for memory assignment has options for low, medium, and high. These settings are profiles for how much RAM should be assigned for torrents as they download. It is generally safe to say most users with 512MB RAM will want to set this to medium or high, and users with more than 512MB RAM will want to set it to high. Higher memory usage will help when the chunk size of a torrent is 2MB and higher.
Interface refresh time is to configure how many milliseconds KTorrent should wait before it refreshes the statics display.

### Data Checking

Data checking allows you to configure extra functionality which most other BitTorrent clients do not have. This functionality can be best described as an alternative to automated full rehashes on data when a download completes. It was introduced to KTorrent to allow the user to verify the data after a download completes, while trying to avoid the CPU intensive task a normal rehash on data takes. Basically, this feature will continuously verify every chunk a leecher requests on a torrent in uploading mode. Then if a chunk fails the hash verification test, it will be dropped and the torrent will revert to downloading mode to replace the corrupt data. It is recommended to use this feature, because it will continuously try to prevent uploading any bogus data into swarm.
The option Do a data integrity check after x corrupted chunks is an extra function on top of the normal data checking during upload mode. It is there if you want more aggressive prevention of uploading of bogus data.

### Networking

I honestly don't know what to tell users about TOS guys, so this i will leave for you.
"Maximum number of connection setups:" identifies ??? and if set too high will bog down other traffic if your router can not handle the number of concurrent open connections it creates. If you are having general performance issues, try setting this number to "10."
# Ktorrent/download1
## Chapter 3. How do I download files using BitTorrent?

Just like visiting a URL (e.g. kickass2.nz) to a web site and downloading a file, you will need a ".torrent file" (often referred to as a "torrent") to download content using BitTorrent. Most of the time, you will download torrent files from a web site, although you could also get the torrent from a friend or a CD. Many web sites offer torrents as an additional method of downloading files. For example, OpenOffice.org, a free office suite, can be downloaded using BitTorrent. Sites that offer torrent downloads are just repositories of torrents and usually do not actually create any of the content available. Once you have obtained the torrent file from wherever, you simply need to import it into your BitTorrent client. There are several ways of doing this with KTorrent.

### Opening a New Torrent

There are several ways to open a torrent in KTorrent, depending on your computer's configuration. The following methods of opening a torrent file into KTorrent are listed— choose your preferred method.
* Double-click the torrent file on the desktop (only works if .torrent files are associated with KTorrent), or…
* Right-click the torrent file on the desktop, choose Open With, and select KTorrent in the list (if KTorrent is not listed, select Open with Other Application to locate where KTorrent is installed), or…
* In KTorrent, click File, then Open… (or press CTRL+O) and locate the torrent file, or…
* In KTorrent, click File, then Paste Torrent URL, paste the torrent URL into the text box and click OK.

### Importing a Torrent With Existing Data (a partial download)

* In KTorrent, click File, then Import Torrent. Fill in the Torrent: text box with the location of torrent file and fill the Data: text box with the location of the existing downloaded data.
* Do it without the torrent importer and just open the torrent file in the folder of the partially downloaded data by any of the methods described in Opening a New Torrent. KTorrent will automatically recognize the existing downloaded data by file name and start rehashing the data to verify the data integrity.
# Packing & Moving Household Goods/Safety of the article being moved and the surfaces involved

Generally speaking, prior to being carried or dollied out of your residence, most household goods should be blanket wrapped or boxed up in order to prevent damages to them while they are being transported.

## Boxing items

All goods that can be packed in boxes should each be thoroughly bubble wrapped or paper wrapped in such a manner that they won't clank or roll around loose inside the box. If bubble wrap is unavailable wrap items in paper and use crushed paper all around the box and in between each item for further protection. Actually, bunched up paper is the best cushioning for boxed goods, even better than bubble wrap because the bubbles can break within the bubble wrap, especially along the edges of things so it can lose its cushioning property.
As the box is being filled, the things inside should be further protected with additional bubble wrap or bunched up paper on the bottom, on the sides and on the top of the box. Then close and well seal the box with tape. Don't just slide the four flaps on the top and bottom together because they can come loose as it's being handled and breakables can fall out of the box. Instead, again not sliding the flaps together but just closing them, always use at least 3 runs of tape to seal each end of the box. Run the tape from the middle of the side of the box up and over or down and under it and down / up the other side finishing by overlapping the top and bottom tape ends in the middle of the side of the box so that they won't come loose. Run your hand over all of this taping to make sure that it is stuck tightly to the box sealing it well.

## Padding furniture

All furniture should be completely and snugly blanket wrapped top and bottom. This protects the furnishing from scuffing, scratching or scraping. Moving pads can be rented with your truck from the truck rental facility.

## Items that can't be protected

Any thing that cannot be padded for protection like bicycles, long floor lamps, rolled up big rugs, etc. should be very carefully carried and loaded somewhere in the truck where nothing will damage it. If this is not possible, you should put it into someone's car. The key consideration when relocating your home, after the mover's safety of course, is to do the move without damages to your goods or furnishings.
# Packing & Moving Household Goods/Small Items

Special care must be taken with small items so as not to lose them within the packing materials in a box. Taping over their wrapping is a good technique to highlight a small item (like the top of a sugar bowl) as not being merely a piece of bunched up paper (use brightly colored tape if available). Also, you could tape several of those small packets together into one bigger, heavier package that will stand out in the wrappings.
Wrap loose, small things such as silverware in bundles. Don't leave them loose in the box to clank around. Consider using sealable bags (With extra standard wrap for certainty during transit) for such items for easier sorting during the unpacking.
# Paint.NET/Contributors

The "Thank you" section

### Major contributors

If you created more than one of the pages here, your name should be here.
* Rick Brewster- Creating the program and writing some of the articles!
* usedHONDA- Started the Wikibook and created some of the key pages.
* cjmcguinness- Created the Tutorials page and some of the tutorials listed there.

### Other contributors

Happens to have a tutorial linked here, created a page, or edited a couple of grammatical errors/typos.
* Hellfire010- Tutorial on how to make an animated GIF in Paint.NET.
* six- Created the page "A list of keyboard shortcuts".
* Tom Jackson- Creator of great tutorials and another programmer of Paint.NET.
* david.atwell- Created the visual example for layers, found here, as well as the three associated images.
# Packing & Moving Household Goods/Start Packing Early

Don't save all your packing for the last day! This is one of our major packing and moving tips! Begin packing items that are not normally needed well in advance because packing gets more and more tiresome over time. So it is wise to jump-start the packing endeavor as much as possible while you are enthused about it.
Basically, use common sense when packing. Pack heavier things like books and canned goods in smaller boxes, and pack lighter things in progressively larger boxes. Never make a box heavier than the lady of the house can handle, since she may be the one who ends up moving it around before or after the move. A book box full of books or records or paperwork will weigh approximately 40 to 50 pounds (18 to 23 kg) This is quite heavy so don’t make bigger boxes heavier than that.
# Packing & Moving Household Goods/Suitcases

These should be used for holding special things because they are so easily identifiable in the clutter of move day. Things like winter / summer clothing or linens / sweaters are things that could be packed into them. Don't put CD's that could be shattered or heavy books into them.
# Packing & Moving Household Goods/Toolbox

Don't pack your toolbox, you may need some of your tools on move day.
Useful items may include:
* Flathead screwdriver
* Phillips screwdriver
# Packing & Moving Household Goods/Walk Through

After the truck has been loaded with your residence’s contents, everyone should do a walk through to check for missed things. Double-check all cabinets, drawers, closets, pantries, bins, nooks, crannies, stairways, attic, basement, garage, or storage lockers. Make sure you have all hardware to disassembled pieces so that it can easily be located. Look at all inside or outside places where things can be left sitting (including window sills).
# Paint.NET
## Table of Contents
### The Basics

Learn the tools, effects, keyboard shortcuts and more! Contains in-depth information and screenshots to create a solid foundation for you to work on.
* Tools
* Effects
* Layers
** A Visual Example of Layers
* Keyboard Shortcuts

### Tutorials

* Simple Round Glass Buttons
* Realistic Fire
* Lightsaber

### Appendices

* Contributors
* License
# Paint.NET/Effects

There are a lot of different effects in Paint.NET that you may use for the benefit of your image (or not). At any time you may press Ctrl+F to repeat the last effect you applied, with the same settings.

## Effects Menu

The effects menu is where all of the different effects will show. Some are packaged with Paint.NET; others must be downloaded and extracted into the Paint.NET\Effects\ folder. Only the default effects will be dealt with here.

### Blurs

There are six default blurs.

#### Gaussian Blur

Gaussian Blur is just your average blurring. Mostly, it is used as a softener to remove overly sharp edges, or pixelation.

#### Median

This blur reduces noise. As of the 3.20 Release, it's now under 'Noise' instead of 'Blurs'.

#### Motion Blur

This blurs the image in a way that makes it look like it is moving in a certain direction.

#### Radial Blur

Blurs the image like it is spinning around the center of the image.

#### Unfocus

Makes it appear like you are seeing it, but not looking at it. Seeing is believing (Use it and you'll know what I mean).

#### Zoom Blur

Makes it appear that you are zooming past the image. Once again, seeing is believing.

### Distort

There are four different default distortions.

#### Bulge

Bulges the image out at the center. Like a pot belly.

#### Polar Inversion

Um. Just use it. I don't think it's really useful.

#### Tile Reflection

Sort of cuts it into tiles and makes it look like it's reflecting off those tiles. Looks really cool, please try it.

#### Twist

Could be a KoRn song. Twists your image around the center. The maximum value is 100, which is NOT 100 degrees.

## Effects Menu II

The effects after the popouts.

### Add Noise

Creates a static effect. The intensity is the amount of static, and the saturation is how color-ish it is.

### Clouds

Creates clouds using your primary and secondary colors. How simple and self-explanatory.

### Edge Detect

Detects edges and colours the edges in various colours, the inside is then coloured black.

### Emboss

The good old emboss effect. It... embosses stuff. Somewhat self-descriptive.

### Frosted Glass

Have YOU ever looked through Frosted Glass? It makes stuff look like your looking at it through a layer of Frosted Glass.

### Glow

Lets you have a glow on an image.

### Oil Painting

Makes it look like an Oil Painting.

### Outline

Takes every pixel in the whole image, then adds an outline onto it.

### Pencil Sketch

Makes the whole image look like a Pencil Sketch. Very effective, but only black and white.

### Pixelate

Expands the pixels in a similar fashion to the zoom tool in MSPaint.

### Red Eye Removal

Only put this here to make sure you know it exists. It really needs no explaining.

### Relief

Makes the image a relief of itself. Think of it as making your image 3D, then making it look really bad.

### Sharpen

Think unblurring, but ineffective.