OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. b4/4...Bxb4/5. c3/5...Ba5
## Main information

5...Ba5 is the main retreat after the Evans Gambit 5.c3, and it is considered the best attempt to "refute the gambit." However, it is not as safe as the retreat 5...Be7. Now, the most aggressive move for White is to play 6.d4, when Black has two options:
-6...exd4
-6...d6
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe/Chapter 5

Title: Back on This Side of the Door
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe/Chapter 7

Title: A Day with the Beavers
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe/Chapter 8

Title: What happened after Dinner
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

← Prince Caspian | The Silver Chair →
For general information on this book, please see the Wikipedia article The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.

## Chapters

    Chapter 1: The Picture in the Bedroom
    Chapter 2: On Board the Dawn Treader
    Chapter 3: The Lone Islands
    Chapter 4: What Caspian Did There
    Chapter 5: The Storm and What Came Of It
    Chapter 6: The Adventures of Eustace
    Chapter 7: How the Adventure Ended
    Chapter 8: Two Narrow Escapes
    Chapter 9: The Island of the Voices
    Chapter 10: The Magician's Book
    Chapter 11: The Dufflepuds Made Happy
    Chapter 12: The Dark Island
    Chapter 13: The Three Sleepers
    Chapter 14: The Beginning of the End of the World
    Chapter 15: The Wonders of the Last Sea
    Chapter 16: The Very End of the World

## Overview

The third book published in the Narnia series, this book is written largely from the point of view of the two younger Pevensie children, and of their cousin Eustace. While its prime audience is children aged 8 to about 11, the story has enough depth to make it a satisfying, if short, read for even adult readers, and the characters show realistic development over the course of the book.

## Book Highlights

* New places visited: the Dawn Treader, the Seven Islands
* Title refers to: the Dawn Treader
# Chronicles of Narnia/Characters

To search for a character by alphabetical reference, try the Index. If searching the Index is not desired, use the groups below. Within each group, characters are sorted alphabetically by last name.

## The Pevensies

The four Pevensie children are the axis around which much of the series turns, even though they play no direct part in two of the books.
* Edmund Pevensie
* Lucy Pevensie
* Peter Pevensie
* Susan Pevensie

## Human visitors

Those who visit Narnia from our world, if only for a short while
* Jill Pole
* Eustace Scrubb
* Polly Plummer
* Digory Kirke
* Andrew Ketterly

## Sons of Adam

Residents of Narnia and the regions around it, these are humans whose ancestry started in our world.

### Original arrivals

* King Frank

### Calormen

* Emeth
* Rabadash
* Rishda Tarkaan
* Aravis Tarkheena
* Lasaraleen Tarkheena

### Telmarines

* Miraz
* Caspian

### Narnian humans

* Shasta
* Corin

## Narnians

The Narnians are the talking animals, fauns, nymphs, giants, dwarves, trolls, and (to a lesser extent) gods of Narnia in the books.
* Nikabrik
* Puddleglum
* Bree
* Hwin
* Reepicheep
* Mr. Tumnus
* Trumpkin
* Glimfeather
* Mr. and Mrs. Beaver

## Others

* Aslan

### Arrivals from other worlds

* The Empress Jadis
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe/Chapter 9

Title: In the Witch's House
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Magician's Nephew

← The Silver Chair | The Last Battle →
| The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe →
For general information on this book, please see the Wikipedia article The Magician's Nephew.

## Chapters

    Chapter 1: The Wrong Door
    Chapter 2: Digory and His Uncle
    Chapter 3: The Wood Between the Worlds
    Chapter 4: The Bell and the Hammer
    Chapter 5: The Deplorable Word
    Chapter 6: The Beginning of Uncle Andrew's Troubles
    Chapter 7: What Happened at the Front Door
    Chapter 8: The Fight at the Lamp-Post
    Chapter 9: The Founding of Narnia
    Chapter 10: The First Joke and Other Matters
    Chapter 11: Digory and His Uncle are Both in Trouble
    Chapter 12: Strawberry's Adventure
    Chapter 13: An Unexpected Meeting
    Chapter 14: The Planting of the Tree
    Chapter 15: The End of This Story and the Beginning of All the Others

## Overview

The sixth book published in the Narnia series, this book is written largely from the point of view of Digory Kirke and his friend Polly Plummer, and describes the initial creation of Narnia, including the arrival of Jadis. This is the second of only two books that does not in some way involve the Pevensie children. Being the creation of Narnia, chronologically it precedes all the other books in the series; however, it assumes so much initial knowledge about the land of Narnia that it is best read after The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. While its prime audience is children aged 8 to about 11, the story has enough depth to make it a satisfying, if short, read for even adult readers, and the characters show realistic development over the course of the book.

## Book Highlights

* New places visited: Charn, The Wood Between the Worlds
* Title refers to: Digory Kirke
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe/Chapter 6

Title: Into the Forest
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Silver Chair

← The Voyage of the Dawn Treader | The Magician's Nephew →
← The Voyage of the Dawn Treader | The Last Battle →
For general information on this book, please see the Wikipedia article The Silver Chair.

## Chapters

    Chapter 1: Behind the Gym
    Chapter 2: Jill is Given a Task
    Chapter 3: The Sailing of the King
    Chapter 4: A Parliament of Owls
    Chapter 5: Puddleglum
    Chapter 6: The Wild Waste Lands of the North
    Chapter 7: The Hill of the Strange Trenches
    Chapter 8: The House of Harfang
    Chapter 9: How they Discovered Something Worth Knowing
    Chapter 10: Travels Without the Sun
    Chapter 11: In the Dark Castle
    Chapter 12: The Queen of Underland
    Chapter 13: Underland Without the Queen
    Chapter 14: The Bottom of the World
    Chapter 15: The Disappearance of Jill
    Chapter 16: The Healing of Harms

## Overview

The fourth book published in the Narnia series, this book is written largely from the point of view of Eustace and his friend Jill Pole, and tells of their adventures while they attempt to rescue Prince Rilian from the Lady of the Green Kirtle. This is the first of only two books that does not in some way involve the Pevensie children. While its prime audience is children aged 8 to about 11, the story has enough depth to make it a satisfying, if short, read for even adult readers, and the characters show realistic development over the course of the book.

## Book Highlights

* New places visited: Land of the Giants, the Underland
* Title refers to: Prince Rilian's enchantment
# Chronicles of Narnia/Books/The Silver Chair/Chapter 2

Jill and Scrubb end up on a cliff in Aslan's country, and while trying to save Pole from falling off the cliff, Eustace falls off instead. Aslan saves him by using his breath to transport him to Narnia. Later, after Jill stops crying, Aslan gives her 5 tasks to follow, then he transportes her there by his breath also.
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Boilers/Heat Pump
## Heat Pump

About
* "Industrial heat pumps are a class of active heat-recovery equipment that allows the temperature of a waste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more useful temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can facilitate energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible." - BestPractices Steam Technical Brief
Attachment
* Attached below is a technical brief on the importance of Heat Pumps, and how they can be used. Includes a detailed example on how to calculate savings
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Contributors

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .
The bulk of the information housed within this reference is the culmination of many individuals work at the Oregon State Energy/Efficiency Center (formerly the OSU Industrial Assessment Center)

## Oregon State University

* Michael Koch (talk)
* Cosmo Prindle (talk)
* Stephen Roderick - Refrigeration

## San Francisco State University

* Kevin Ng - Solar
# Energy Efficiency Reference/HVAC

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .

## HVAC

Example ARs/EEMs
* none yet uploaded
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Boilers & Steam

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .

## Boilers & Steam

Boiler & Steam System
* Heat Pump
Additional Info
* Water-Tube Boiler
* Fire-Tube Boiler - Scotch Marine is a Fire Type boiler
* Steam Basic Concepts
* Steam traps and Steam Trapping
* Other parts explained
** Diagram of a typical coal-fired thermal power station
Why to tune a boiler
* Combustion Analysis Basics
Boiler Manufacturers
* Miura Boiler - high efficiency, space saving boiler
'Steam Master
* SteamMaster Users Guide
Example ARs/EEMs
* none yet uplaoded
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Glossary

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .

## A

* Assessment Recommendation - AR - recommendation made during a plant visit by an energy efficiency expert (OSU)

## C

* Compact Fluorescent -

## E

* EER - Energy/Efficiency Reference, developed by the E/EC
* Energy Conservation Opportunity - ECO - recommendation made during a plant visit by an energy efficiency expert (SFSU)
* E/EC - Energy/Efficiency Center is part of the Oregon State University system, and main developer of the EETR

## F

* Fluorescent Bulb -

## T

* T5, T8, T12 -
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Incentives

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .
There are often federal, state and local tax and grant incentives that can help reduce the payback period for large projects.

## Databases

* DSIRE (Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency)

## State
### California

* Electric Utility Companies
** Pacific Gas & Electric Co, (PG&E)
** Southern California Edison (SCE)
** Modesto Irrigation District (MID)
* State
** California Solar Initiative (CSI)

### Oregon

* Oregon Department of Energy

### Washington

* Good to be Green
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Commercial

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .

## Resources

* Pacific Energy Center - offers educational programs, design tools, advice, and support
* Green Office @ Harvard - basic steps to green your office
* Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance - provides a list of various energy efficiency opportunities
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Compressed Air

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .

## Compressed Air Systems

Assessing Industrial Compressed Air Efficiency
* This guide serves as an aid for assessing industrial compressed air efficiency. This guide is organized into the following seven sections.
Technology Primer
* A concise overview of compressed air equipment systems and performance. Review this section before going to the plant a reminder of what to look for and why.
Walkthrough Checklist
* A checklist to use during the initial plant visit to identify potential compressed air system efficiency improvements. Only the most common of these are developed in the recommendation section: (Section 5).
Collecting Data
* Assessment Data and Tools: Specific data needed to analyze system improvements are described in this section along with how it is gathered. Included in this section are sample data sheet to in collecting the needed information.
Data Sheets
* Data sheets are included that you can use to collect the necessary data.
Power & Energy
* Common equations and relationships used to analyze the performance of compressed air systems are presented in this section.
Recommendations
* This section includes five common compressor related energy-savings recommendations. Each recommendation identifies data to collect, and presents a methodology for estimating savings.
Appendix
* Additional information on compressors, savings opportunities and analysis tools are presented in the appendix.
Additional Information
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Fume Hoods

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .

## Introduction

Fume hoods are self contained cabinets that are usually found in laboratories. They are used to discharge harmful gases from labs out into the atmosphere, and are generally run constantly to ensure that these harmful gases do not get inhaled by scientists. One fume hood consumes as much energy as if not more energy than a typical house, according to the Lawrence Berkeley Lab

## Data Collection

The following data should be collected about each fume hood to allow for the most thorough evaluation.
* cooling & heating degree days
** DegreeDays.net
* face velocity (fpm)
* face opening size (width by height)
* cfm
* W/cfm

## Assessment Recomendations

* coming!

## Additional Resources

* The Berkely Hood
* E. Mills and D. Sartor. 2003 Energy Use and Savings Potential for Laboratory Fume Hoods LBNL-55400. (PDF)
* http://hightech.lbl.gov/fh-calc.html
* Fume Hood Calculator
* ASHRAE Standard 110–1995
** ASHRAE 110-1995 & Increased Severity Challenge Tests
* Constant Volume vs VAV Fume Hoods

## References

* ↑ Berkeley Fume Hood Reduces Energy use by 50% http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/fume-hood-elec-movie.html
# General Astronomy/The Life of High Mass Stars

A red giant is a terminal stage for most stars. When the star starts to run out of available nuclear fuel, its core can no longer completely oppose the inward pull of gravity and shrinks. However, the shrinkage adds energy to the core, which results in a temperature rise. Meanwhile the increased temperature of the surface of the core produces such photon pressure that it pushes the outer layers of gas of the star outward and into a large gaseous atmosphere. The outer layers expand and cool and the star's color shifts toward red. The star has now become a red giant. A red giant star has a core that has reached a temperature of 100 million Kelvins, but whose outer layers are much cooler. Red giants are truly enormous. One with the mass of our Sun may expand outward past the orbit of the Earth.
Red giants live perhaps a 100 million years or so, by which time its core again begins to run out of available nuclear fuel. This is followed by a new core collapse. What happens now is dependent on the mass of the core. If the core is less than 1.44 times the mass of the Sun, the collapse crushes the core further into a white dwarf, and since the white dwarf cannot contract any further due to quantum mechanical reasons, outer layers of the star that are falling onto it rebound and are blown off into space to form a large and often beautiful planetary nebula.
However, if the star is significantly more massive than our Sun, and its core is more than 1.44 times the mass of the Sun, the final collapse is great enough to crush even the Earth-sized white dwarf, pushing electrons into protons to form neutrons and so liberate vast amounts of space. Thus the core crushes down to about the size of a city and becomes an almost unimaginably compact and dense object known as a neutron star.
A pulsar is a rapidly spinning neutron star. Other stars spinning this fast would explode, but the pulsar does not because its high gravitational attraction holds it together. Pulsars have a powerful electric field that throws off electrons. These stars get their name from the signal pulses that result from their rotation.
If the original star was much more massive than the Sun and its core more than 3 times the Sun's mass, then the force of gravity crushing it at this stage is so great that not even the neutrons can withstand it, and they too are crushed to become perhaps Nature's strangest creation, a black hole.
# General Astronomy/The Milky Way

The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy which forms part of the Local Group. Although the Milky Way is but one of billions of galaxies in the universe, the Galaxy has special significance to humanity as it is the home of the solar system. Democritus (460 BC - 370 BC) was the first known person to claim that the Milky Way consists of distant stars and many planets, including our own.
The term "milky" originates from the hazy band of white light appearing across the celestial sphere visible from Earth, which comprises stars and other material lying within the galactic plane. The galaxy appears brightest in the direction of Sagittarius, towards the galactic center.
Relative to the celestial equator, the Milky Way passes as far north as the constellation of Cassiopeia and as far south as the constellation of Crux, indicating the high inclination of Earth's equatorial plane and the plane of the ecliptic relative to the galactic plane. The fact that the Milky Way divides the night sky into two roughly equal hemispheres indicates that the solar system lies close to the galactic plane.
The Milky Way Galaxy is about 80-100 thousand light years in diameter, about 3,000 light years in thickness, and about 250-300 thousand light years in circumference. It is composed of 200 to 400 billion stars (exact number not yet known). As a guide to the relative physical scale of the Milky Way, if the galaxy were reduced to 130 km (80 mi) in diameter, the solar system would be a mere 2 mm (0.08 in) in width.
The Milky Way's absolute magnitude, which cannot be measured directly, is assumed by astronomical convention to be −20.5.
# General Astronomy/The Kuiper Belt

The Kuiper belt is an area of the solar system extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to 50 AU from the Sun.
The objects within the Kuiper Belt together with the members of the scattered disk extending beyond, are collectively referred to as trans-Neptunian.
The interaction with Neptune (orbital resonance) is thought to be responsible for the apparent edge at 48 AU (a sudden drop in number of objects, see Orbit distribution below) but the current models have yet to explain this peculiar distribution in detail.

## Origins

Modern computer simulations show the Kuiper belt to have been strongly influenced by Jupiter and Neptune. During the early period of the Solar System, Neptune's orbit is thought to have migrated outwards from the Sun due to interactions with minor bodies. In the process, Neptune swept up, or gravitationally ejected all the bodies closer to the Sun than about 40 AU (the inner edge of the region occupied by classical Kuiper belt objects), apart from those which fortuitously were in a 2:3 orbital resonance. These resonant bodies formed the plutinos. The present Kuiper Belt members are thought to have largely formed in situ at their present position, although a significant fraction may have originated in the vicinity of Jupiter, and been ejected by it to the far regions of the Solar system.

## Hypothesis

The first astronomers to suggest the existence of this belt were Frederick C. Leonard in 1930 and Kenneth E. Edgeworth in 1943. In 1951 Gerard Kuiper suggested that the belt was the source of short period comets (those having an orbital period of less than 200 years). The belt and the objects in it were named after Kuiper after the discovery of (15760) 1992 QB1.

## Name

An alternative name, Edgeworth-Kuiper belt is used to credit Edgeworth. The term trans-Neptunian object is recommended for objects in the belt by several scientific groups because the term is less controversial than all others — it is not a synonym though, as TNOs include all objects orbiting the Sun at the outer edge of the solar system, not just those in the Kuiper belt.

## Pluto

The object Pluto, formerly considered a planet, is part of the Kuiper Belt. It has an orbital inclination of 17°. Pluto has 5 moons. Charon is the largest moon of Pluto. The other 4 moons are, Nix, Kerberos, Hydra, and Styx.
# General Astronomy/The Photosphere

The photosphere is the layer that we see when we look directly (foolishly) at the Sun. It is the sphere of light. It sometimes is referred to as the Sun's surface, but in fact the Sun has no solid surface such as that of the Earth. The photosphere merely represents the outer boundary of the region in which most solar energy has been converted into visible light.
Beneath the photosphere is the convective zone, a region in which huge columns of hot plasma rise and fall much like water boiling in a pot. On close inspection with properly filtered instruments, the photosphere appears as a great cauldron with the tops of these convective currents bubbling up in a seething sea. In certain wavelengths of light, the many convective columns give the Sun a slightly grainy appearance, sometimes referred to as granules or "rice grains," for its similarity to rice boiling in a pot.
Much cooler than the core of the Sun, the photosphere has a temperature of about 10,500 degrees F, or about 5800 K.
Immediately above the photosphere is a relatively thin layer called the chromosphere (sphere of color) and beyond that a large and very rarified outer atmosphere called the corona (crown). The photosphere is so vastly brighter than these two regions that they cannot be seen except with special instrumentation or during a total solar eclipse when the photosphere itself is blocked out.