# Modern Photography/Printing processes
## Albumen Prints

A process using egg whites, salt and silver nitrate. Popular in the mid to late 1800s.

## Anthotype

A process of making an emulsion from crushing light sensitive flower petals and vegetables.

## Chrysotypes

Photographic images printed in pure gold. Both develop out and print out processes exist.
Develop Out
Robert Hunt described a develop-out chrysotype process in his book, A Manual of Photography, in the 1840s. The germane extract can be read at this link: http://bookdome.com/arts/Manual-Photography/Section-II-Chrysotype.html.
Hunt's essential formula is the exposure of paper coated with ammonium ferric citrate until an extremely faint image appears. The paper is then washed in a solution of gold chloride he describes as "about the colour of sherry wine."
Terry King much more recently announced the Chyrsotype Rex process. Mr. King has kept the formula proprietary, but it appears to be similar to Mr. Hunt's, possibly substituting ferric oxalate for the ammonium ferric citrate and requiring an 8% solution of gold chloride. King's website is http://www.hands-on-pictures.com.
Print Out
In 2012 Richard Eugene Puckett announced the Texas Chrysotype process. Puckett adds a small volume of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to ammonium ferric oxalate to create a solution of ammonium ferric-ferrous oxalate. His formula specifies a 10% solution of gold chloride be mixed with the ammonium ferric-ferrous oxalate at a usual ratio of 3 parts ammonium ferric-ferrous oxalate to 4 parts gold. The image prints out fully on dry paper and requires no humidification or development. Recommended papers are Arches Platine, Clearprint 1000H vellum, and any number of hot-pressed water color papers heavily sized with 3% arrowroot starch.
The Texas Chrysotype is not only the first dry print-out process for gold, but it is the first that yields gray-scale pictorial images rendering 9 to 11 or more stops with extremely fine to fine grain. Puckett has published several chryostype videos on youtube, including his presentation at the 2013 Alternative Photographic International Symposium in Santa Fe, New Mexico. His website is http://www.texaschrysotype.com.

## Cyanotypes

A process using Potassium Ferricyanide and Ferric Ammonium Citrate that results in a blue coloured print.

## Chemigram

Paint with chemicals before,during,after exposure,development,fixation and toning

## Lumen print process

POPtechnique invented bij Talbot around 1830. Development and exposure through sunlight with exposures ranging from half an hour to two weeks eaxample:

## Photosynthesis

Printing on leaves through sunlight. Place a negative on a leaf and let it develop in sunlight for one week

## Polaroid Emulstion Lifts

The emulsion lift is a Polaroid print that is soaked in hot water until the emulsion layer comes off the back of the Polaroid, the image is then transferred to a new surface.

## Polaroid image transfer process

The Polaroid development process is interrupted. Then the Polaroid's dyes are transferred to another surface. The desired image is taken with Polaroid film and after the 1st 12 seconds or so the emulsion is removed from the paper backing. Durning this time 100 lb or 90 lb watercolor paper has been soaked in water. Then the emulsion and the watercolor paper are joined together. You roll with a brayer 10 times in one direction and then 10 times in the opposite direction to make sure that you do not get air bubbles. When finished remove the emulsion and you will have the imaged transferred to the paper. Let dry.

## Polaroid SX70 manipulation

after exposure and eject of the time zero film manipulate the film with toothpicks and burnishing items. Push the film emulsion around. Can be done approx. 15 minutes after the photo was ejectedfrom the camera

## Polaroid interrupted development

AFter taking a photo cut open the filmsachet and insert liquids.

## Rhodiotype

Photographic images printed in rhodium. Only a dry print out process, announced by Richard Eugene Puckett in 2016, exists.

## Saltprints

The process of coating paper with salt and silver nitrate. similar to Albumen printing.