# The Computer Revolution/Security/Attacks

As society becomes more dependent upon the technology of computers in this information age, the more vulnerable humans seem to be to cyberthreats. So much time, energy and resources are expended on fighting these cyberthreats that it would be wise to first understand what type(s) of threats have, do or potentially could exist.
Understanding threat(s) and the potentiality of attack on one's computer system should be one (and maybe the first) step in an attempt at warding off the damage and danger that could happen to you, the user. However, one must also be cognizant of the fact that some threats are beyond the everyday user's, and even the expert's, ability to prevent.
The attacks can happen without notice and without one's knowledge, but knowing how some of these attacks could take place, one maybe able to limit one's chances of being a statistic in the cyberworld. Don't be an uninformed target -- be ready and aware of the danger -- then undertake to implement security systems that maybe able to ward against such treats.
The following sections examine four cyberthreats, namely DOS or Denial-of-Service, Worms, Viruses and Trojan Horses.

## DOS: Denial-of-Service

Denial of Service (DOS) occurs on the internet. It is an attack where one is not allowed/denied service from a site where service is expected. The service becomes unavailable and temporarily loses network connectivity. Examples include: Email, or even being denied access into Blackboard. DOS attacks are dangerous because they have the ability to wipe out files and programs in a computer system. It can happen to websites that are used by millions of people daily therefore halting service and inconveniencing them. DOS attacks can be either intentional or accidental. There are different types of DOS attacks which include: viruses, teardrop attacks, and most commonly buffer overflow attacks. The buffer overflow attack is done by sending too much traffic to a particular network address than the programmers who produced its data buffers expected. There are different ways to do this and the results can be theft of information or security loss. These tend to cost the person responsible for the network time and/or money to get the system back to normal.

## Protecting Against Hardware Loss, Hardware Damage and System Failure

There are many different precautions that can be taken to protect the Computer from Hardware Loss or System Failure. Among them one of the ways is to Door and Computer Equipment Locks: which can be helpful to protect Computer from any hardware theft. These can be avoided by having proper door locking system or alarm system attached to any commercial environment. Biometrics or face recognition access could be one of the secured ways to access Computers to avoid unauthorized access. Another way would be the use of Cable Locks to lock the computer to the table or any other object, so that theft can be avoided in any schools environment and any commercial environment. Other ways to protect on such an activity is by using Security Slots, installing software application on portable computers so the unauthorized access to computer would sound a loud alarm and even use of security protocols to avoid any theft or unauthorized access.Another good way that someone can protect their computer against hardware and data loss is simple and you don't even have to pay for it. It's called simply putting a password on your computer. You can easily set this up buy clicking on the start button of your computer and going to the system settings of your computer. When you get to that screen there will be an option for security settings and you click on it. Then it will give you the option of putting a password on your computer so that nobody can go on it unless they know it. Make sure thought that the password is not easy to guess and your the only one that knows it. This is probably one of the safest and easiest ways to protect your computer. Even if someone is trying to get in you can tell the computer to turn off after a certain amount of missed tries.
There are numerous known and unknown viruses, as technology evolves hackers are creating more viruses. Norton is one of the most common anti-virus protection software available to date. The following are the top ten programs available:
Bitdefender Antivirus Plus
Kaspersky Anti-Virus
Panda Antivirus Pro
F-Secure Anti-Virus
AVG Anti-Virus
Avast! Pro Antivirus
G Data AntiVirus
BullGuard Antivirus
Avira AntiVir Premium
ESET NOD32 Antivirus

## Worms

A worm is a malicious software created by hackers to damage computer systems that can replicate itself repeatedly and continuously into the computer’s memory or local drive. Through the history, it has had famous worms like Cod Red that have intended to attack the White House website and public Pentagono websites. Generally, these worms tried to affect Microsoft Windows NT and 2000 systems. Also, others have infected computer running Microsoft’s database such as SQL Server 2000. How do worms spread? Typically, It can be acquired through spam or junk emails enclosing attachments infected with these worms. Once you open these infected emails, your computer is already being infected through its operating system like Windows, email-related software such as Outlook, or database software as SQL Server 2000. Using its powerful replica, it is duplicated itself and send copies out of itself to the contact’s names in your address books using either local email system or directly using SMTP. Those worms have caused hundreds of millions dollars in damage. The most well known and harmful worms are Love Bug, Code Red, and Blaster worms. For instant, The Love Bug worm flooded the Internet with e-mails in May 2000 with the subject, ILOVEYOU. That worm was masterminded by Onel de Guzman and caused billions of dollars in damages, retrieved November 30,2006, from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/computer_worms/famous.html

## Viruses

A virus can be stored on a floppy disc, CD, or the computer's hard drive and it can cause unexpected damage to the PC, and in some cases destroy it. The virus attaches itself to the computer's hard drive and then damages the files, or erases them. Viruses can also attached themselves to a computer program, and every time the program runs, the virus also runs and reproduces itself. Computer viruses are called viruses, because just like the biological viruses can transfer from one body to another, a computer virus can transfer from one computer to another. In order for the virus to reproduce itself it has to be attached to a program. Some of the deadly viruses that caused a lot of damage to many companies, and even Microsoft, is back in 1999 the "Melissa Virus". In 2000 the virus "ILOVEYOU" damaged a lot of information. ("How Computer Viruses Work, retrieved November 21, 2006, from http://www.howstuffworks.com/virus.htm)

## Social Engineering

    Social Engineering is the art of gaining access to a building, system, or data by exploiting human interaction opposed to a technical approach such as hacking. Social engineering is a huge concern as it directly relates to personnel training where many companies just focus on having a robust technical security system. Social engineering examples include posing as a professional that is accessing the business for a pizza delivery or pest control, making phone calls posing as someone such as IT personnel at the company requesting your password, or simply by trying to go by unnoticed possibly by faking a hostile phone call as you enter the building. A vulnerability assessment is a preventative measure where a company will try to gain access via social engineering so that policy and training can be adjusted to prevent any successes from the social engineering test.Social Engineering Trick
* ↑ Morley, Deborah and Parker, Charles S. "Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow 13th Edition"

### Phishing

    Phishing is when people attempt to retrieve your private information such as bank statements, credit card numbers, or passwords by tricking you into going to their website. The method they use is tricking you by creating a false statement giving you reason to believe they are someone else and need your information. Usually email is the main method that phishers use. Another method however is by making you believe that you are on a trusted website while you are really on a fake web site created by them. This website will look identical to the correct website however it will be slightly different in the URL and the user may never know the difference. Be careful!

### Spear Phishing

    Spear phishing is an e-mail spoofing fraud attempt that targets a specific organization or individual. Its known this scheme typically appear to come from an organization or a person you know. Spear phishing seeks unauthorized access to your confidential data. It is important to learn to be suspicious of unexpected requests for confidential information, and not send personal information in response to an e-mail.

## Botnets

A bot is a computer that is controlled by a hacker; A group of bots that are controlled by somebody are called a botnet. The FBI estimates that there are around one million computers in the United States that are being used in botnets. Criminals use them to carry out things such as computer sabotage, spread malware, and launch denial of service (DoS) attacks. Criminals that use botnets are referred to as botherders. They sell their illegal services to send spam, launch attacks for their clients, and steal sensitive data from corporations or individuals to sell on the black market.
* ↑ Understanding Computers 13th Edition

## Man-in-the-middle

A man in the middle attack is as simple as the name implies. A person is in between you and the other party, this person performing the attack and is keeping track of your keystrokes, websites visited, and information entered on the computer. Such attacks are common in low level security work spaces. The person committing the attack may at times pretend to be you in order to fool the other party without you even noticing since the attacker has re-routed data to his own computer. This type of attack can cause serious damage to an individual and company with the potential for loss in sensitive information and data. With this type of attack the attacker can alter data to whatever degree he or she wishes.

## References

* ↑ Man-in-the-middle_attack in wikipedia
* ↑ Hjelmvik, Erik. NETRESEC. 27 03 2011. Print. 26 11 2012.

## Pharming

Pharming is a type of attack that uses spoofed domain names to get personal information about you. The person doing the pharming, reroutes all the traffic for one Web site to their spoofed Web site. The hacker does this by hacking into a company's DNS server and changing the IP address for a specific URL. The ending result is that all requests for the URL are now redirected to a different IP address. So, even though you may type in the correct URL, you are still taken to the spoofed site. The sites look virtually the same, so the user doesn't notice a difference and goes on with their business. Once the person enters their username and password, they get an error and they are sent back to the real Web site. Unfortunately, the person doing the pharming now has your user information and can gain access to your account.
Reference: Morely, Deborah, and Charles Parker. Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow. Boston: Course Technology, 2011. Print.