# Introduction to Software Engineering/Deployment

Software deployment is all of the activities that make a software system available for use.
The general deployment process consists of several interrelated activities with possible transitions between them. These activities can occur at the producer site or at the consumer site or both. Because every software system is unique, the precise processes or procedures within each activity can hardly be defined. Therefore, "deployment" should be interpreted as a general process that has to be customized according to specific requirements or characteristics. A brief description of each activity will be presented later.

## Deployment activities
### Release

    The release activity follows from the completed development process. It includes all the operations to prepare a system for assembly and transfer to the customer site. Therefore, it must determine the resources required to operate at the customer site and collect information for carrying out subsequent activities of deployment process.

### Install and activate

    Activation is the activity of starting up the executable component of software. For simple system, it involves establishing some form of command for execution. For complex systems, it should make all the supporting systems ready to use.
    In larger software deployments, the working copy of the software might be installed on a production server in a production environment. Other versions of the deployed software may be installed in a test environment, development environment and disaster recovery environment.

### Deactivate

    Deactivation is the inverse of activation, and refers to shutting down any executing components of a system. Deactivation is often required to perform other deployment activities, e.g., a software system may need to be deactivated before an update can be performed. The practice of removing infrequently used or obsolete systems from service is often referred to as application retirement or application decommissioning.

### Adapt

    The adaptation activity is also a process to modify a software system that has been previously installed. It differs from updating in that adaptations are initiated by local events such as changing the environment of customer site, while updating is mostly started from remote software producer.

### Update

    The update process replaces an earlier version of all or part of a software system with a newer release.

### Built-In

    Mechanisms for installing updates are built into some software systems. Automation of these update processes ranges from fully automatic to user initiated and controlled. Norton Internet Security is an example of a system with a semi-automatic method for retrieving and installing updates to both the antivirus definitions and other components of the system. Other software products provide query mechanisms for determining when updates are available.

### Version tracking

    Version tracking systems help the user find and install updates to software systems installed on PCs and local networks.
   * Web based version tracking systems notify the user when updates are available for software systems installed on a local system. For example: VersionTracker Pro checks software versions on a user's computer and then queries its database to see if any updates are available.
   * Local version tracking system notifies the user when updates are available for software systems installed on a local system. For example: Software Catalog stores version and other information for each software package installed on a local system. One click of a button launches a browser window to the upgrade web page for the application, including auto-filling of the user name and password for sites that require a login.
   * Browser based version tracking systems notify the user when updates are available for software packages installed on a local system. For example: wfx-Versions is a Firefox extension which helps the user find the current version number of any program listed on the web.

### Uninstall

    Uninstallation is the inverse of installation. It is the removal of a system that is no longer required. It also involves some reconfiguration of other software systems in order to remove the uninstalled system’s files and dependencies.

### Retire

    Ultimately, a software system is marked as obsolete and support by the producers is withdrawn. It is the end of the life cycle of a software product.

## Deployment roles

The complexity and variability of software products has necessitated the creation of specialized roles for coordinating and engineering the deployment process. For desktop systems, an end user is frequently also the "software deployer" when they install the software package on their machine. For enterprise software, there are many more roles involved. Additionally, the roles involved typically change as the application progresses from test (pre-production) to production environments. The typical roles involved in software deployments for enterprise applications are:
* Pre-production environments
** Application developers: see Software development process
** Build and release engineers: see Release engineering
** Release managers: see Release management
** Deployment coordinators: see DevOps
* Production environments
** System administrator
** Database administrator
** Release coordinators: see DevOps
** Operations project managers: see Information Technology Infrastructure Library

## Examples

* FAI OpenSource Software Linux
* M23 OpenSource Software Linux
* Open PC Server Integration (opsi) OpenSource Software Windows
* RPM with YUM OpenSource Software Linux
* MS SCCM Microsoft Windows
* HP OpenView (Hewlett-Packard)
* Tivoli Provisioning Manager and IBM Tivoli Intelligent Orchestrator
* DX-Union (Materna)
* Novell ZENworks (Novell) Zero Effort Networks
* Garibaldi (Software) (INOSOFT AG)
* Client Management Suite (Baramundi Software AG, Augsburg)
* Blackberry MDS Suite Research In Motion (RIM)
* Intellisync Mobile Suite Nokia
* Mobile Device Manager 2008 Microsoft
* ubi-Suite ubitexx
* Java Web Start

## External links

* Standardization efforts
** Solution Installation Schema Submission request to W3C
** OASIS Solution Deployment Descriptor TC
** OMG Specification for Deployment and Configuration of Component-based Distributed Applications (OMG D&C)
** JSR 88: Java EE Application Deployment
* Articles
** The Future of Software Delivery - free developerWorks whitepaper
** Carzaniga A., Fuggetta A., Hall R. S., Van Der Hoek A., Heimbigner D., Wolf A. L. — A Characterization Framework for Software Deployment Technologies — Technical Report CU-CS-857-98, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Colorado, April 1998. http://serl.cs.colorado.edu/~carzanig/papers/CU-CS-857-98.pdf
* Resources
** Windows client deployment resources and documentation at Microsoft Docs