OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Biblical Leaders/Elijah

Like David, Elijah fled to the wilderness to escape the wrath of the king. He lived by the brook Cherith for two years during a time of drought. The Lord provided his food, and his water was supplied by the brook. When the brook dried up, Elijah was sent to Zaraphath, and was present when the Lord performed a miracle for a widow and her son living there. Elijah lived with this widow until the drought ended.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Aluminum foil baking

There are many foods that can be wrapped in foil and dropped into a bed of coals for cooking, but potatoes spring to mind immediately. Corn on the cob is also very good. Simply wrap them in foil, place them in a bed of coals, and take them out after a while. It's that easy.
A tasty dessert can be made by coring an apple, stuffing it with marshmallows and a few pieces of cinnamon candy (such as Red Hots), wrapping it all in foil, and placing it in a bed of coals. Take it out after about 15 minutes and check that the marshmallow has melted. If it has, the apple is ready to eat.
You can also wrap vegetarian burger, thin slices of potato, carrot, and other veggies in foil. Add a tablespoon of olive oil, a pinch of salt (if desired), some pepper, and some garlic powder, seal, and place it in the coals. Check it after 30 minutes or so. When the potato is soft, it is ready to eat.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Axe safety

* Before chopping any wood, take a gentle practice swing to check that the axe will not catch on anything (such as an overhead branch).
* Consider what will happen if you miss whatever you are chopping at - will you accidentally hit a finger? A foot? A bystander? Leave plenty of margin for error.
* Make sure the axe head is firmly attached to the axe handle. If it is loose, you may tighten it by wetting the handle, by driving a hardwood wedge into the handle through the eye of the blade, or by rapping the axe handle vertically on a hard surface.
* Keep bystanders away by one arms length plus two axe-lengths.
* When handing someone an axe, present the handle to them rather than the blade.
* Walk with the blade facing away from you.
* Sheathe the axe when it is not in use.
* Always maintain firm footing when using or carrying an axe.
* Stop when you are tired and rest. Tired people are more prone to accidents and mistakes.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Bible study

You can get materials for Bible studies from any of the following:
* Amazing Facts
* It Is Written
* Voice of Prophecy
* Discover Online
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Biblical Leaders/John the Baptist

John lived in the wilderness before he began his ministry as "the Elijah to come."
    John's clothes were made of camel's hair, and he had a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey. Matthew 3:4 NIV
It takes a wilderness leader to be able to make clothing of this sort and to survive on his chosen diet.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Biblical Leaders/Moses

Moses lead the Israelites out of Egypt and lived in the desert for 40 years. During the whole of this time, he was their leader. Moses demonstrated both patience and wisdom. He cared for the people he led, and was constantly trying to help them both physically and spiritually.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Biblical Leaders/David

During the time of King Saul's reign, Saul was determined to kill David. As a result, David fled to the wilderness where he was joined by a band of men. David demonstrated patience, cunning, and forgiveness. He was willing to let the Lord place him on the throne in His own time rather than taking matters into his own hands.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Biblical Leaders/Joshua

When Moses died, Joshua took over as the leader of the Israelites. Joshua showed wisdom and patience as Moses did, and was faithful to Moses' legacy.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Biblical Leaders/Jesus

Jesus' ministry began with a trip to the wilderness where he was tempted by Satan (Matthew 4). First, Satan suggested that Jesus use His power to satisfy his physical hunger; this was a temptation to use His divine power to satisfy His own needs. Second, he suggested that Jesus leap from a high place, so that the angels would catch him; this was a temptation to use His divine power to glorify Himself. Third, he told Jesus that if He would worship him, he would release his claim on the world; this was the temptation to admit that Satan's charges were correct, and that God's law was unfair.
Jesus overcame the temptations, quoting scripture to refute Satan on each point. Jesus used the time He spent in the wilderness to commune with His Father, and to lay out His mission. We too can use time spent in the wilderness to do the same.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Bicycle Trip

First decide where you will go on the trip. Will you bike there and back, or will someone drop you off or meet you at the end? How long will the trip take? Will it be an overnight trip? If so, what will everyone need to bring? Will you camp along the way or find a place to stay indoors? These are all important considerations.
Be sure to take into account the abilities of the least-skilled person in your party, and tailor the trip to suit that person's needs. If you are banking on 80 miles per day, you had better be sure that everyone in the group can do 80 miles per day.
How much food will you need to take (if any). Will you replenish your water along the way or carry all you need? How much will you need?
Once you have figured out all these details, it is imperative that you share them with the people in your group. They also need to know what to bring and how far you expect them to go in a day. Their idea of what they can do might not agree with your idea.
# Two Knights Defence
### 9... e4

With the pawn under a attack, challenging the White Knight again is an obviously useful move here, as it gains a tempo.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4
* 10
* Ne5 -
* Ng1 -

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood Ne5 99%, Ng1 1%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 10...Bc5

A suggestion by America Master Steiner.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4 10. Ne5
| | 11 |
| 1 | c3 Bd6 |
| 2 | d4 Bxd4 |
| 3 | f4 - |
| 4 | O-O - |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood c3 79%, O-O 21%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 8. Bd3

Odd looking move, blocking in the d-pawn but the Bishop controls the e4 square for the Knight.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6
| 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Bd3 Nd5 | Ne4 f5 | Nec3 Nf4 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 10. Ne5.

The Knights moves to the center of the board, here it can easily be attacked again by Black, but White now has the opportunity to defend it with d4 or f4 or even consider retreating the Knight to g4 or c4.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4 10. Ne5
| | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 1 | Ne5 Bc5 | c3 Bd6 |
| 2 | ... Bd6 | d4 exd3 | Nxd3 Qc7 | b3 O-O | Bb2 Ne4 |
| 3 | ... Qd4 |
| 4 | ... Qc7 |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood Bd6 57%, Qd4 16%, Bc5 14%, Qc7 9%, Qd5 3%, Bb7 1%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 10...Bd6
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4 10. Ne5 Bd6
| | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 1 | d4 exd3 | Nxd3 Qc7 | b3 O-O | Bb2 Ne4 |
| 2 | f4 - |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood d4 75%, f4 23%, Ng4 2%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 8 ... h6

White now has two choices to place the knight either out of immediate play on h3 or the more normal f3 square where it can be provoked again with 8 ... e4

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6
| | 9 |
| Steinitz Variation | Nh3 - |
| Main Line | Nf3 - |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood Nf3 66%, Nh3 34%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 11. d4
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4 10. Ne5 Bd6
| | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 1 | d4 exd3 | Nxd3 Qc7 | b3 O-O | Bb2 Ne4 |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood exd3 78%, O-O 12% Qc7 10%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 9. Nf3

The Knight retreats but its still being chased around with no nice squares.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6
| 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Nf3 e4 | Ne5 Bc5 | c3 - |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood e4 100%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 11... exd3
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4 10. Ne5 Bd6 11 d4 exd3
| | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 1 | Nxd3 Qc7 | b3 O-O | Bb2 Ne4 |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood Nxd3 100%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Two Knights Defence
### 8. Be2

White retreats the bishop to the natural square. It also partly protects the King side position.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7. dxc6 bxc6
| 8 | 9 |
| Be2 h6 | Nf3 e4 |

## Statistics

Estimated next move likelihood h6 98.6%, Be7 0.7%, Bd6 0.7%
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Agriculture/Perma culture/Subsidies

An agricultural subsidy is a governmental subsidy paid to farmers to supplement their income, help manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and bolster the supply of such commodities on international markets. Examples of such commodities include wheat, feed grains (grain used as fodder, such as maize, sorghum, barley, and oats), cotton, milk, rice, peanuts, sugar, tobacco, and oilseeds such as soybeans.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture is required by law to subsidize over two dozen commodities. Between 1996 and 2002, an average of $16 billion/year was paid by programs authorized by federal legislation dating back to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, the Agricultural Act of 1949, and the Commodity Credit Corporation, among others.
The beneficiaries of the subsidies have changed as U.S. agriculture changes. In the 1930s, about 25% of the U.S. population resided on the nation's 6,000,000 small farms. By 1997, 157,000 large farms accounted for 72% of farm sales, with only 2% of the U.S. population residing on farms.
Proponents of agricultural subsidies argue that they are necessary because of the unusual nature of the agricultural industry. For one, a big part of crop yield, and therefore price, is based upon the weather both at home and abroad in remote parts of the world. Because of the uncertain nature of the weather, price subsidies are necessary to ensure that farmers receive a liveable wage.
One criticism of subsidy comes from conservatives and libertarians arguing that subsidies are against the will of the free market. For example, poor store owners don't receive relief from the market, and therefore neither should poor farmers. Furthermore, justification of subsidies from the uncertain nature of the weather can be countered by considering that many other areas of economy experience equivalent risks for which the free market can provide solutions, e.g. insurance.
Economists strongly rebuke the benefits of reduced retail prices derived from subsidising over-production. If the government were to subsidize car manufacturers to produce more cars then this would indeed lower the showroom price, but it would be the consumer's own money collected through taxes that would be used to fund the over-production. It would be impossible for the lower retail costs to outweigh the additional production costs, otherwise the manufacturers could simply implement this technique themselves.
# Agrodatabase/202 - Topics, Units and Valuations

* Valuations
* Units
* Topics
# Agrodatabase/202 - Topics, Units and Valuations/Topics

| Id-SCA | - | TOPICS |
| 270.000 | - | FOOD COMPOSITION |
| 311.000 | - | TEMPERATURE |
| 311.100 | - | SOIL TEMPERATURE |
| 311.200 | - | AIR TEMPERATURE |
| 312.000 | - | LIGHT |
| 312.100 | - | LUMINOSITY |
| 312.200 | - | PHOTOPERIOD |
| 314.000 | - | WATER-RAIN |
| 314.200 | - | QUALITY OF THE WATER IRRIGATION |
| 314.400 | - | TOXICITY SPECIFIED-TOLERANCE |
| 321.000 | - | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SOIL |
| 321.100 | - | TEXTURE |
| 321.300 | - | STRUCTURE |
| 321.500 | - | SOIL DEPTH |
| 322.000 | - | SOIL WATER |
| 322.100 | - | WATER LEVEL |
| 322.300 | - | WATER MOVEMENTS |
| 322.400 | - | HYDRIC BALANCE |
| 324.000 | - | PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
| 324.300 | - | SOIL REACTION-pH |
| 324.400 | - | SALINE AND ALKALINE SOILS |
| 325.000 | - | THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT |
| 325.200 | - | ORGANIC MATTER- HUMUS |
| 327.000 | - | NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS |
| 327.100 | - | CHEMICAL ELEMENTS |
| 327.300 | - | FERTILITY |
| 327.400 | - | SOIL ANALYSIS |
| 327.600 | - | SHEET ANALYSIS |
| 328.100 | - | EXTRACCIONES-SUPERFICIE |
| 328.300 | - | EXTRACTIONS-PRQDUCTO |
| 330.000 | - | FERTILIZATION |
| 331.000 | - | Kg-FERTILIZER UNIT / HECTAREA |
| 336.000 | - | FERTILIZER UNIT-PRODUCT |
| 339.500 | - | TEMPORARY DISTRIBUTION |
| 621.000 | - | SEEDING-PLANTING |
| 621.100 | - | FEATURES MATERIAL PLANT |
| 621.200 | - | TEMPORARY FACTORS SEEDING-PLANTING |
| 622.000 | - | NURSERY PLANTS AND CUTTINGS |
| 623.100 | - | MODALITY (SEED-PLANTING) |
| 623.200 | - | DENSITY (SEED-PLANTING) |
| 623.300 | - | DEPTH-WIDTH |
| 623.400 | - | THINNING (SEED-PLANTING) |
| 623.500 | - | TRANSPLANT |
| 630.000 | - | WORK |
| 631.100 | - | SOIL PREPARATION |
| 632.000 | - | CROP-WEEDING |
| 640.000 | - | FARMING OPERATIONS |
| 641.000 | - | FASTENING, TUTORING AND DEFENSE |
| 646.100 | - | PRUNING TRAINING |
| 660.000 | - | HARVESTING WORK |
| 661.000 | - | BEGINNING HARVEST |
| 663.000 | - | PRODUCTION |
| 664.000 | - | HARVEST TEMPORAL ASPECTS |
| 670.000 | - | POSTHARVEST-MARKETING |
| 671.000 | - | PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION |
| 672.000 | - | STORAGE-TRANSPORTATION |
# Agrodatabase
## Contents

* 1. 0 - Introduction
* 2. 10 - Agricultural classification system
20 - Crop Prontuary
* 201 - Group crops
* 202 - Topics, Units and Valuations
* 21 - Crop Prontuary - Data
* 22 - Crop Prontuary - Valuation
40 - Pathogens
* 41 - Pathogens scientific name
* 42 - Pathogens - Taxonomy
* 43 - Taxonomy - Pathogens
* 43 - Pathogens synonymous scientific name
54 - Agricultural Pharmacology
* 541 - Active substances - Properties
* 542 - Properties - Active substances
* 544 - Crops - Pathogens
* 545 - Crops - Pathogens - Active substances
55 - Fertilizers
* 551 - Fertilizer tables
71 - Tropical Pasture Prontuary
* 711 - Tropical Pastures Prontuary - Data
* 712 - Tropical Pastures Prontuary- Assessment
91 - Pan-European Agricultural Products Dictionary
* 911 - Classification of agricultural products by groups
* 912 - Spanish - European language
* 913 - European language - Spanish
92 - Web agrochemical companies
* 921 - Country - Agrochemical companies
* 922 - Agrochemical companies - Country
93 - AgroWipedia
* 931 - Wikipedia Crops
* 932 - Wikipedia pathogens
* 933 - Phytosanitary Substances Wikipedia
# Agrodatabase/201 - Group crops

| Id UE | - | Vegetables |
| 15200 | - | Strawberries |
| 21000 | - | Tuber |
| 21100 | - | Potatoes |
| 21200 | - | Tropical tuber |
| 21201 | - | Cassava |
| 21202 | - | Sweet potatoes |
| 21203 | - | Yams |
| 21300 | - | Root |
| 21302 | - | Carrots |
| 21308 | - | Radishes |
| 21311 | - | Turnips |
| 22000 | - | Bulb |
| 22001 | - | Garlic |
| 22002 | - | Onions |
| 23000 | - | Fruiting vegetables |
| 23101 | - | Tomatoes |
| 23102 | - | Peppers |
| 23103 | - | Aubergines |
| 23201 | - | Cucumbers |
| 23203 | - | Courgettes |
| 23301 | - | Melons |
| 23302 | - | Pumpkins |
| 23303 | - | Watermelons |
| 23306 | - | Chayote |
| 24000 | - | Brassica vegetables |
| 24101 | - | Broccoli |
| 24102 | - | Cauliflower |
| 24202 | - | Head cabbage |
| 24301 | - | Chinese cabbage |
| 25000 | - | Leaf vegetables |
| 25102 | - | Lettuce |
| 25103 | - | Scarole |
| 25201 | - | Spinach |
| 25203 | - | Beet leaves |
| 25603 | - | Celery |
| 27000 | - | Stem vegetables |
| 27001 | - | Asparagus |
| 27005 | - | Globe artichokes |
# Agriculture/Pesticides

A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest (epa.gov). Pests can be defined as any organism that causes plant diseases. Agricultural pesticides are then those chemicals that are used by farmers to prevent the effectivity of the pests on the growth and productivity of agricultural crops.
Pesticides are either restricted or unclassified.
- Restricted means it can cause harm to humans or the environment.
- Unclassified refers to all other pesticides.
Pesticides are made up of active and inert ingredients. There are certain labeling requirements for the commercial distribution of products that used agricultural pesticides. The active ones are those which do the damage to the pest, federal law mandates that these ingredients be clearly labeled on the packaging. Inert ingredients are not required to be labeled as they do not cause harm, they are usually present as a solvent in the solution. (inert ingredients are not necessarily non-toxic). All pesticides must be registered with the EPA before they can be sold or distributed. There are many tests and requirements concerning the potential effects of the pesticides in order to be approved.
Pesticides became common after the second World War as part of the war effort was scientific research into a way to end hunger, i.e. pesticides and the increasing productivity and availability of food production with their help. Currently an estimated 3.2 million tons of pesticides are used each year.
Pesticides are wasted in environments where the farmer has little knowledge or care for the detrimental effects of the pesticides. Without regulations and enforcements these pesticides can easily be spread farther than their intended area. This is especially common in developing countries. With misuse the pesticides can easily be picked up by the rainwater and washed into the streams as runoff.
Pesticides can be transported to humans or other organisms in a variety of ways. It is near to impossible for the pesticide to only affect its targeted crop.
-Wind is one transportation method. The wind picks up the pesticides and can blow them onto other farms or into rivers.
-It can be absorbed into the soil and then taken up by other organisms or can contaminate the surface and groundwater that run over/through it.
- Pesticides are then absorbed by the plants which is detrimental to the growth of the plants.
- That which is not absorbed usually remains on the surface and flows into streams as surface runoff. It is dissolved into the water and then can be taken in by plants and animals. The streams would then be considered a reservoir of pesticides with a relatively high abundance level.
# Agriculture/Tillage

Tillage is mechanical manipulation of soil to create favourable soil conditions for better seed germination or subsequent crops growth. For this purpose different tools are required.
Tillage is an Anglo saxon word.
# Digital Electronics/Logic Gates/Logic Gates Summary
## Logic Gates Summary

The table below summarize all the Basic Digital Gates and their characteristics
    Basic Logic GatesSymbolMathmatical FormulaTruth Table BufferQ = AA Q 0 0 1 1 NOTQ = NOT AA Q 0 1 1 0 ANDQ = A . BA B Q 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 NANDQ = A . BA B Q 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 ORQ = A + BA B Q 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 NORQ = A + BA B Q 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 XORQ = A + BA B Q 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 XNORQ = A + BA B Q 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
# Digital Electronics/Logic NOR
## Logic NOR

NOR gates are one of the two basic logic gates (the other being NAND gates) from which any other logic gates can be built. Due to this property, NOR and NAND gates are sometimes called "universal gates". However, modern integrated circuits are not constructed exclusively from a single type of gate. Instead, EDA tools are used to convert the description of a logical circuit to a netlist of complex gates (standard cells) or transistors (full custom approach).

## Combinational Gates
### NOT

A NOT gate is made by joining the inputs of a NOR gate. Since a NOR gate is equivalent to an OR gate followed by a NOT gate, joining the inputs of a NOR gate leaves only the NOT part.
Truth Table :
| Desired Gate | NOR Construction |
| Truth Table Input AOutput Q 01 10 ||

### AND

If the truth table for a NOR gate is examined or by applying De Morgan's Laws, it can be seen that if any of the inputs are 0, then the output will be 1. However to be an AND gate, only when both inputs are 1, the output is 1. Therefore, if the inputs are inverted, both high inputs will trigger a high output.
Truth Table :
| Desired Gate | NOR Construction |
| Truth Table Input AInput BOutput Q 000 010 100 111 ||

### OR

An OR gate is simple a NOR gate with an inverted output (a NOT gate). The NOT gate is simply a NOR gate with its inputs tied together. Therefore a cascade of two NOR gates, the second one with its inputs connected together will result in an OR gate.
Truth Table :
| Desired Gate | NOR Construction |
| Truth Table Input AInput BOutput Q 000 011 101 111 ||

### NAND

A NAND gate can be implemented by inverting the output of an AND gate.
Truth Table :
| Desired Gate | NOR Construction |
| Truth Table Input AInput BOutput Q 001 011 101 110 ||

### XOR

An XOR gate is constructed using five NOR gates. Three of the gates are connected in an AND topology. A logical expression for this arrangement is ((A AND B) NOR (A NOR B)).
Truth Table :
| Desired Gate | NOR Construction |
| Truth Table Input AInput BOutput Q 000 011 101 110 ||

### XNOR

An XNOR gate is made by connecting four NOR gates as shown below. This effectively represents the formula: (A NOR (A NOR B)) NOR (B NOR (A NOR B)).
Truth Table :
| Desired Gate | NOR Construction |
| Truth Table Input AInput BOutput Q 001 010 100 111 ||

## Reference

* Floyd, Thomas, L. (1997), Digital Fundamentals (6th ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0133984885.