OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Modern History/East Timor

The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste or East Timor is one of the newest independent countries in the world, located in Southeastern Asia. It consists of the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecussi-Ambeno, an exclave of East Timor situated on the northwestern side of the island, surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. The small country is located about 400 miles northwest of Darwin, Australia.
The name Timor is derived from timur, the Malay word for 'east', which became Timor in Portuguese. The Portuguese name Timor-Leste and the Tetum name Timor Lorosa'e are sometimes used in English. Lorosa'e means 'rising sun' in Tetum.
East Timor has the lowest per capita GDP (Purchasing Power Parity adjusted) in the world of only $400 (which corresponds to the 192nd, and last, position). However, regarding the Human Development Index, or HDI, it is in 140th place among the world's nations, which corresponds to medium human development.
Colonized by Portugal in the 16th century, East Timor was known as Portuguese Timor for centuries. It was invaded by Indonesia in 1975, which occupied it until 1999. Following the UN-sponsored act of self-determination that year, Indonesia relinquished control of the territory, which achieved full independence on May 20, 2002. With the Philippines, East Timor is one of only two majority Roman Catholic countries in Asia.
# Modern History

| Wikibooks Modern History Population, Governance, Philosophy, Invention, Weapons, Combat, Trade, Exploration | Edit template |
Current status: This book does not yet contain much content. Work for expansion is beginning. Creation of stubs linking to Wikisource and Wikipedia is in progress.
Contributors: If you copy (instead of link) content from elsewhere into this book, for example content from Wikipedia or public domain sources, then you MUST CREDIT the source of such copied text.

## Introduction

* Front Cover
* Introduction
* World in 1783

## The engines of change

* The abolition of slavery
* The agricultural and industrial revolutions
* Global commerce, competition and empire
* Trade unionism, socialism and marxism

## 19th century

* Independence in the Americas
* Queen Victoria
* Benjamin Disraeli
* Taiping Rebellion - Wikipedia:Taiping Rebellion
* Napoleon Bonaparte
* Schrammel accordion
* American Civil War
* Franco-Prussian War - Wikipedia:Franco-Prussian War
* Opium Wars - Wikipedia
* Need chapters that include topics:
** the Suez canal
** Perry goes to Japan
** the settlement of Liberia and the decline of African slavery outside Africa
** the construction of Railroads
* First Sino-Japanese War

## 20th century

* World at the Turn of the Century
* End of Imperial China
* Russo-Japanese War
* First World War
* Russian Revolution(Wikipedia)
* Rise of Fascism, Socialism and Communism
* Great Depression
* Second Sino-Japanese War
* Spanish Civil War (Wikipedia)
* Greco-Turkish War(Wikipedia)
* Second World War
* J.R.R. Tolkien(Wikipedia)
* Partition of India
* Beginning of the Cold War
* The Cold War
* Cold War (notes)
* Decolonisation
* Korean War
* Space Exploration
* Sino-Soviet Split
* Earl Lincoln Poole
* Vietnam War
* War over Kashmir and Bangladesh
* Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
* Fall of the Soviet Union
* Gulf War
* End of Apartheid
* Dawn of the Computer Age
* World at the end of the 20th Century
* Need a section on Nazi Germany

## 21st Century

* World at the Turn of the Millenium
* Wikipedia
* East Timor
* Bush's Administration
* Beaconsfield mine collapse

## Major People

The major people in this time frame are:
* Queen Victoria
* Benjamin Disraeli
* Mahatma Gandhi
* Benito Mussolini
* Mao Zedong
* Adolf Hitler
* Jawahar Lal Nehru
* Deng Xiaoping
* George W. Bush
* The Human Race

## Authors

* Kernigh
* Dr. C.J. (international relations articles-Cold War, First World War, American Civil War, Cuban Missle Crisis)
* Other and anonymous contributors
# Mapping on YouTube/Alt Recession Era

Date: August 14, 2016 - October 31, 2016

## Middle 2016

* August 14-15, 2016: First Rodeblur Alt Conflict. Rodeblur starts creating alts and attacking the wiki with them.
* August 26-31, 2016: Second Rodeblur Alt Conflict.) Rodeblur's ban has expired and is creating alts and attacking the wiki with them.

## Late 2016

* September 1, 2016: Monsoonjr99 creates a Know Your Meme page for Mapping / Alternate Future.
* September 2016 - December 2016: Second Rodeblur Alt Conflict. Rodeblur is creating alts and attacking the wiki with them. However it adbruptly ended mostly by the end of 2016 but occasionally return with some activity throughout 2017, moving his claim to be there until 2019.
# Mapping on YouTube
## Welcome!

Thank you for checking out this Wikibook about mapping on YouTube! This book aims to help the reader understand the definition, history and practice of mapping.
Mapping is an internet fandom based on an animated, cartographic representation of historical, fictional or future events. People who create mapping content are self-dubbed mappers. Mapping content is shared on video platforms, such as YouTube, and its style sometimes involves countryballs, especially on fictional mapping. Mapping can also be seen with text and blank maps.
A section of the screen is usually set off to give information. On fictional mapping, it would revolve around a country, such as its official name and flag, and also has dialogue between interacting entities; while on videomapping it normally details sides of a military conflict and occurrences during events. Videos often contain music and other animation to increase the entertainment.
Mapping as a topic has many wikis about it, such as The Mapping Wiki, TheFutureOfEuropes Wiki and more.
It should be noted that mapping is not exclusive to YouTube, as many smaller platforms have got mapping communities of their own, including but not limited to: Amino, Snapchat, Facebook Messenger, Scratch and formerly Google+. However, this book focuses on YouTube as it houses by far the most mapping and mappers.

## References

* ↑ "Mapping". The Mapping Wiki. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
* ↑ "The Mapping Wiki". themapping.fandom.com. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
* ↑ "TheFutureOfEuropes Wiki". thefutureofeuropes.fandom.com. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
# Mapping on YouTube/2014/January 2014
## January 15, 2014
### Conflicts

* Seventh Wiki War Part 2 (Third Super War)
** ArceusFan2013 creates the UMU, and shortly after, Multi Mappers declares war on him, with Zephyrus Mapping joining Multi Mappers. ArceusFan2013 then says "You were stupid enough to do it...I had no choice...I will not let you guys take over! Brandon is the true Leader of this wikia and soon to be...This group!" in the comments section, and they start building nukes. Goldenrebel25 and MrOwnerandPwner then join the war with Multi Mappers.

## January 16, 2014
### Conflicts

* Seventh Wiki War Part 2 (Third Super War)
** The GMA, the UPMU, and the AAA are at war with the UMU, and ArceusFan2013 tries to claim that the side against him is the Axis, and he is the Allies. This causes confusion across the Wiki. Later, ArceusFan2013's page is vandalized, which angers Batran99. However, he then remains neutral.
# Mapping on YouTube/2014/May 2014
## May 19, 2014
### Conflicts

* Eighth Wiki War
** GanDaiMe11 jokingly declares that he wants to destroy the Wiki. Sunburn9000Epic, MrOwnerandPwner, and Disturbedfan1100 take it seriously, and after pressure, GanDaiMe11 removes the joke. Then, he says that the people who took it seriously are stupid. Many other users then debate with him on if it was a joke or not, and GanDaiMe11, thinking that they are trying to fight him, declares war on them. Sunburn9000Epic and Disturbedfan1100 then fight against him with tanks, with Percy (IhorPrTV) then declared emergency for the UMF. Sunburn9000Epic makes a blog post called Eight wiki war which details what happened in the war. GanDaiMe11 and Sunburn9000Epic debate in the blog post who declared war on each other, before most of the factions declared neutrality. Eventually, the war ends with GanDaiMe11 apologizing.

## May 20, 2014
### Conflicts

* Ninth Wiki War
** Goombasaurusrex, as the leader of the GDA, declares war on the HDA, lead by Happydance9. Happydance9 then allies with the NMU and the UPMU to fight against the GDA.

## May 21, 2014
### Conflicts

* Ninth Wiki War
** The thread War is created by Happydance9. He then invades the GCA with the UPMU. However, Mind1337 mapping invades the HDA and GMA back. Batran99 intervenes and suggests solving the war by playing a video game, like Team Fortress 2. However, Sunburn9000Epic and Disturbedfan1100 disagree, saying that they are not allowed to play violent video games. Eventually, EthanKoenigsbergand Happydance9 make a peace treaty. Goombasaurusrex intervenes and starts invading the HDA due to him thinking that the treaty is unfair, which provokes Happydance9. EthanKoenigsberg proposes that the HDA will cede some land to the GCA, which they both accept.
# Mapping on YouTube/2014/August 2014
## August 10, 2014
### Blog Posts

* User Sunburn9000Epic expresses his opinion about the community in a Blog post, saying that he is leaving the community and will not return until Batran99 switches his ideology to communism and becomes "good". He also claims that people are "betraying" him, and that their logic is "terrible", and that the Wikia sucks. His reception is met with negative comments, saying that he is wrong and that he should stop hating on the community, especially on Batran99.

## August 12, 2014
### Events and Holidays

* First Anschluss Tag
** MrOwnerandPwner surpasses Rebase in subscribers.
# Mapping on YouTube/2014/September 2014
## September 4, 2014
### Users

* Thumboy leaves the Wikia
* Thelolistan leaves the Wikia, only to return in February 2015.

## September 7, 2014
### Pages

* Goldenrebel25 deletes the page: "XXxMLGuseless to hell pagexXx" for being spam.
* MrOwnerandPwner deletes the page: "ADMIN" for being spam.

## September 8, 2014
### Pages

* MrOwnerandPwner deletes the page: "I HASVE A NEW LOOOOGOOOO ;;;;;;====-----))))))" for being spam.

## September 11, 2014
### Events & Holidays

* Mappers mourn 9/11 when Pezminer12 makes a comic for it.

## September 12, 2014
### Images

* Pezminer12 starts the first Emoticons on the Wikia, but it fails.
** Starring94 is inspired by this and makes his own plain emoticons.

## September 13, 2014
### Images

* Ironhand21 starts the Crusade Against Yamnu image.
** Several Mappers add on to it, showing their ON with weapons of any sort.

## September 15, 2014
### Events & Holidays

* Pezminer12 starts modern FoEmotes.
* TKAFan starts Tikojis.

### Pages

* Goldenrebel25 deletes the page: "Help Meh" for being an unneeded page.
* Goldenrebel25 deletes the page: "TTasty Nations" for being spam.

## September 16, 2014
### Images

* Several Emoticons images are made by Mappers, including JayLastname and Goldenrebel25.

## September 18, 2014
### Pages

* Goldenrebel25 deletes the page "Its here..." for being an unneeded page.

### Images

* Several mappers add on to the Live Chat Show short comic strip created by Pezminer12.

## September 19, 2014
### Videos

* MikiPL004 uploads: "REMOVE KEBAB 10 HOURS-0" which would be used in many occasions.

## September 20, 2014
### Pages

* Goldenrebel25 deletes the page: "FOE Videos" for being an unneeded page.

## September 21, 2014
### Pages

* Batran99 deletes the page: "IM JHON CULLEN!!! ;;;;;;;;;=;==;=;;===+++=+==+++=- ---))))))))))))))" for being spam.
* Batran99 deletes the page: "LOOK A NEW VIDO ;;;;;;;=========------D D DD D D D D DD))))))D)DDDDDDDD" for being spam.

### Images

* Several images are created for The Mappernautic Campaign, with several Mappers joining it.

## September 22, 2014
### Images

* Pezminer12 uploads an image which would start the comic strip about Pezminer12 and Lisastr67 hating each other.

## September 23, 2014
### Pages

* Ironhand21 moves the page: "HI I COME WITH VIDEO :DDDDDDD:D" to the page: "IN SOVIET RUSSIA Comics".

## September 24, 2014
### Pages

* Goldenrebel25 deletes the page: "The Grand Alliance of Anti-Vandalists (The GAAV)" because it was a faction.
** IngoMapping was warned by Goldenrebel25 of this 5 minutes later.

## September 27, 2014
### Images

* Pezminer12 uploads HappyDance9's FoEmotes, which would later cause The Mini FoEmotes Crisis.

## September 29, 2014
### Pages

* Heart's mapping game (Map Game) gets several updates with images of turns.

### Images

* Lisastr67 ends the comic strip about him and Pezminer12 hating each other.

## September 30, 2014
### Pages

* New Civs (Map Game) gets several updates with images of turns.
# Mapping on YouTube/(Fall of the)QMU Era

Date: None Listed

## Early 2014

* 99batran and MrOwnerandPwner are elected as new leaders of the UPMU.
* The Great Crisis, Communism vs anti-Communists where mappers choose sides.
* Arcy 2 Page was deleted to avoid tension and making it seem like there will be war.
* Spotty2012 becomes a mapper, Goldenrebel25 and Spotty2012 are friends in real life, making them the first confirmed mappers to know each other in real life.
* Percy proposes TCA, a council for the alliances, but it was never used.
* The Rogue alliance is formed by Gandaime11.

## Middle 2014

* A 'revolt' occurres in the QMU.
* A Peace treaty is signed by HappyDance9, Ironhand21 and Phillip Mapping.
* After the revolt breaks from QMU and forms the NMA, the remaining QMU rename to HDA.
* NMA and HDA become allies after the revolt.
* GMA elections take place.
* Ethan purposes an idea on a new council called the UCMC.
* Ethan and Percy merge the ideas of the council into one.
* MUC is 'separated' from GCA (sort of) in the message that 99batran said. But isn't recognized yet or establish good relations of MUC.
* Vandalism spreads over the wiki on removing information on factions. The vandal is blocked. There might be a slight chance that the 'superiors' will take over the wiki as that user said. But it was a joke.
# Mapping on YouTube/2014/October 2014
## Tuesday, October 7th, 2014
### Wars

* The Anniversary War is declared by JayLastname thinking that Sunburn's wiki was a declaration of war.
** Sunburn happily joins in, but it causes chaos on the TFOE Wiki, having mappers leave and creating their own wikis, like Olimario. They came back after 5 hours.
# Music Theory/Korean

Traditional Korean music, called Gugak – literally “national music” – in Korean, is comprised of four broad genres: court, literati, folk and religious. Court and literati music is based on a concept called yeak sasang, which aimed to create harmony via proper behavior, and therefore was expected to be devoid of any emotion. Folk music was, on the contrary, expressive of both positive and negative emotions and varied widely from region to region
A distinguishing feature of Korean music is its standard use of three-four time, as opposed to two-four or four-four time found in Western, Chinese, or Japanese music. It utilizes variations on a pentatonic scale. Rather than harmonizing with chords, Gugak evokes a single melodic line with variations and rhythmic accents to bring out the various instrumental tones. Court, literati, and religious music were unimaginably slow to keep in line with yeak sasang, while folk music could be more expressive and was therefore faster. Folk music, and some literati music, has a strong tradition of improvisation, much like jazz music in the West. Folk music was also a communal experience, with musician and audience interacting throughout the performance.
* ↑ http://dh.aks.ac.kr/Korea100/wiki/index.php/Points_and_Curves_-_Traditional_Korean_Music
# Music Theory/Indian/Gāndhāra

Gāndhāra/Gandhar/Gandhara is the 3rd Svara from the 7 svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Gandhara is the long form of the syllable ग. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Gandhara is pronounced as Ga (notation - G). It is also called as गान्धार or गंधार.

## More information and importance of Gandhara

The following is the information about Gandhara and its importance in Indian classical music:
* Gandhara is the third svara in an octave or Saptak.
* Gandhara is the immediate next svara of Ṛiṣabha (Re).
* The svara of Gandhara is Komal and Shuddha.
* It is said that Sadja is the basic svara from which all the other 6 svaras are produced. When we break the word Sadja then we get, Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is 6 and ja is 'giving birth' in marathi. So basically the translation is :
So the svara Ga is formed from Sadja.
* The frequency of Gandhara is 300 Hz. The frequencies of the 7 svaras are also given below: Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Ga 300 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 400 Hz, and Ni 450 Hz, Sa 480 Hz (Taar Saptak) ........ (and so on).
Consequently, the Ga after the Re of 540 Hz (Taar Saptak) has a frequency of 600 Hz i.e. the double of the Lower octave Ga.
* There are Shruti's of Gandhara. Previously the main Shruti, not only for Ga but for all the other svaras, was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.
For example, if these are the 2 Shruti's of Ga then,
* All the other svaras except Sadja(Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be Komal or Tivra svaras but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called Achal Svaras , since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called Chal Svaras, since these svaras move from their original position.
* Ragas from Kafi That, Asavari That, Todi That and Bhairavi That, have Komal Gandhara.
* Ragas where Ga is the Vadi svara - Raga Kafi, raga Bageshri, raga Bhoopali etc. Ragas where Ga is the Samvadi svara - Raga Sohni, etc.
* Hypothetically speaking, Ga is said to be the Gandharvas, Gandharvas as in, the three main gods, Bhrama, Vishnu and Shiva were first created i.e. Sarkar (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then Gandharvas were created for singing. Ga is made the acronym of Gandharvas for showing the importance of the syllable Ga.
* Gandhara is said to be sourced from the bleating of a goat.
# Music Theory/Introduction
## What is music theory?

Music theory is the study of music; and while the term is often applied to the Western musical tradition (more on that later), there are also music theories in other traditions around the world.
It is of interest to the reader to know that music theory emerged after the actual production of music. There were people making music long before we had ideas of what a major third was, and there were groups singing tribal songs long before we got the idea of a "downbeat". Although these ideas were often practiced before they were understood, to have a knowledge of what they are and how they work reduces their difficulty and increases their potential and flexibility.

## What is music?

Music can be many things, and while the subject of what constitutes music has been long debated and argued, we will not be spending considerable time on its definition. Like all art, music is highly subjective and traditional. It is hard to make sense of music from an alien culture or tradition. This book only deals with a subset of music; a very large subset though. We look at the Western Tradition of music as it has evolved from the ancient European civilizations with influences from Africa, the Middle East and Asia. We will also look primarily at written music, rather than music which is only ever performed, but we realize that music notation can almost never capture everything that makes a piece. Sheet music is a limitation that we live with. You will notice the words "sometimes", "usually", "probably", and other similar terms used frequently as music is highly subjective and many "rules" are broken.
Music usually has five basic aspects: rhythm, melody, harmony, dynamics, and timbre.

### Rhythm

    Concerns note length, speed and stress — the "time" aspect.

### Melody

    Concerns a series of notes — the "horizontal" aspect.

### Harmony

    Concerns notes played at once — the "vertical" aspect.

### Dynamics

    Concerns the volume of notes — the "volume" aspect.

### Timbre

    Concerns the physical sound of notes — the "texture" aspect.
Although the definition presented above may be valid to some, let's not forget the highly subjective nature of "music." That which is "music" to some is "noise" to others. Although we have many definitions, all definitions have their critics. Here is another definition of "music" that may be totally valid. "Music is a set of 'organized sounds' created from a human entity or human-created machinery."
One more definition of music may simply be the "process in finding the solution to the problem of creating an expression of emotion or disdain," which is more analogous towards mathematics. Despite the fact we don't have a universal (intracultural) definition of music we can all agree on, we can analyze music using music theory. Before we dive into music theory, we must first understand the preliminaries.
# Music Theory/Modes
## Modes

Modes are alternative tonalities (scales) that can be derived from the familiar major scale by starting on a different scale tone. Music that uses the traditional major scale can be said to be in the Ionian mode. For example, in the key of C, the Ionian scale would be C D E F G A B.
The other familiar mode is Aeolian. It can be derived by starting the Ionian (major) scale on the sixth scale tone. For example, A Aeolian would be A B C D E F G. This is the A natural minor scale.
The other modes can be derived similarly, by starting the major scale on the other tones. If we stick with only the white notes on the piano, we can derive seven different modes. These are:
| Ionian | C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C |
| Dorian | D | E | F | G | A | B | C | D |
| Phrygian | E | F | G | A | B | C | D | E |
| Lydian | F | G | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Mixolydian | G | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Aeolian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | A |
| Locrian | B | C | D | E | F | G | A | B |
As you can see, each mode denotes a unique set of intervals above the root tone. The result of this is that music written in each mode has a very distinct sound. Progressions that sound familiar in one mode may sound otherworldly in another mode.
The tonic chord alone sounds different in many modes. In Ionian, Lydian and Mixolydian, the tonic triad is major. In Dorian, Phrygian and Aeolian, the tonic is minor. In Locrian, the tonic is diminished. Because the diminished triad sounds so unstable, Locrian is the most rarely employed mode.
However, since the modes all contain the same set of notes, any or all of them can be used within a single piece without accidentals. A certain mode can be achieved simply by creating a section which resolves to or is based on the tonic of that mode. Again using the white keys of the piano to illustrate, a section resolving to A would be in the A Aeolian mode, while one resolving to C would be in the C Ionian mode.
The modes can also be written by noting their differences from the Ionian, i.e. what sharpened or flattened notes they contain. This approach yields the following (in order of increasing number of flats):
| Lydian | I | II | III | ♯IV | V | VI | VII |
| Ionian | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII |
| Mixolydian | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | ♭VII |
| Dorian | I | II | ♭III | IV | V | VI | ♭VII |
| Aeolian | I | II | ♭III | IV | V | ♭VI | ♭VII |
| Phrygian | I | ♭II | ♭III | IV | V | ♭VI | ♭VII |
| Locrian | I | ♭II | ♭III | IV | ♭V | ♭VI | ♭VII |
Thus the E Phrygian is an E Ionian (major) scale with flattened second, third, sixth, and seventh degrees. It can be observed that, for a constant tonic, each mode contains the same notes as the previous except for one note being lowered, and that the lowered notes appear in the following order: IV (natural, lowered from IV♯), ♭VII, ♭III, ♭VI, ♭II, ♭V. This is known as the "order of flats", and can be used as an aid for memorizing the modes.