# Manchu/Lesson 4 - Numerals
## Dialogue & Translation

| Dialogue 1 | Dialogue 1 |
| be oci mafa gurun i ilha | We are the fatherland's flowers |
| ajige orho i eme oci amba na, | The mother of the small grass is the large land, |
| ajige nimaha i eme oci amba mederi, | the mother of the small fish is the large sea, |
| usiha i eme oci abka i untuhun, | the mother of the stars is the heavens, |
| meni eme oci mafa gurun---jungg’o. | Our mother is our fatherland --- China. |
| be oci mafa gurun i ilha, | We are the fatherland's flowers, |
| fuldun fuldun ilha mafa gurun be miyamimbi, | All these bunches of flowers decorate the fatherland, |
| mafa gurun membe ujime hvwaxabuha, | The fatherland raised us, |
| be mafa gurun be hairambi. | We love the fatherland. |
| Dialogue 2 | Dialogue 2 |
| A) gucu te udu erin oho? | A) Friend, what time is it? |
| B) juwan erin oho. | B) It is 10:00. |
| A) baniha. si oci Xiao Wang i tacin gucu inuo? | A) Thank you. Are you Xiao Wang's fellow student? |
| B) inu. bi Xiao Wang i emgi emu minggan uyun tanggv nadanju sunja ci aniya oros gisun be taciha | B) Yes. I studied Russian with Xiao Wang in 1975. |
| A) si ya tacikv de oros gisun be taciha? | A) What school did you study Russian at? |
| B) Qinghua amba tacikv de | B) At Qinghua university. |
| A) si ere aniya udu se oho? | A) How old are you this year? |
| B) bi susai juwe se oho. | B) I am 52 years old. |
| Dialogue 3 | Dialogue 3 |
| A) sinde udu indahvn bio? | A) How many dogs do you have? |
| B) uheri tofohon indahvn bi. tofohon i ilan ubu i emu boode | B) Altogether i have 15. One third of them are at home. |
| A) tuttu oci boode udu indahvn bio? | A) In that case, how many dogs do you have at home? |
| B) boode sunja indahvn bi. | B) There are 5 dogs at home. |

## Vocab

| Manchu Vocabulary | English Translation | Manchu Vocabulary | English Translation |
| abka | Heaven/sky | abka i untuhun | The heavens |
| ajige | Small | amba | Big |
| amba tacikv | University (大学) | aniya | Year |
| be | We | emgi | With |
| erin | Time | fuldun | A bunch of (flowers) |
| gurun | Country | hairambi | To cherish, to love |
| hvwaxabumbi | To raise | ilha | Flower |
| indahvn | Dog | jungg'o | China |
| mafa | Ancestor | mafa gurun | Fatherland, homeland |
| mederi | Ocean/sea | miyamimbi | To put on make up, to decorate |
| na | Land | nimaha | Fish |
| oho | To have become (past tense of ombi) | orho | Grass |
| oros | Russian | se | Years old (岁) |
| tacikv | School | tacin gucu | Fellow student (同学) |
| tuttu oci | In that case | ubu | (Times) see numerals for explanation |
| udu | How many/how much | uheri | Altogether |
| ujimbi | To raise | untuhun | The heavens, empty |
| usiha | Star | ya | What |

## Grammar
### Numerals
#### Manchu cardinal numerals

The cardinal numbers in Manchu are:
| emu (emke) | 1 | juwan jakvn | 18 |
| juwe | 2 | juwan uyun | 19 |
| ilan | 3 | orin | 20 |
| duin | 4 | orin emu | 21 |
| sunja | 5 | gvsin | 30 |
| ninggun | 6 | dehu | 40 |
| nadan | 7 | susai | 50 |
| jakvn | 8 | ninju | 60 |
| uyun | 9 | nadanju | 70 |
| juwan | 10 | jakvnju | 80 |
| juwan emu | 11 | uyunju | 90 |
| juwan juwe | 12 | tanggv | 100 |
| juwan ilan | 13 | juwe tanggv susai emu | 251 |
| juwan duin | 14 | minggan | 1,000 |
| tofohon | 15 | tumen | 10,000 |
| juwan ninggun | 16 | juwan tumen | 100,000 |
| juwan nadan | 17 | tanggv tumen | 1,000,000 |
Note: the number for 15 is irregular

#### Manchu ordinal numerals

Ordinal numbers in Manchu are formed by adding ‘-ci’ to the end of the cardinal form of the number. In the case of numbers that end in an ‘n’, the final n is dropped (except for in the case of juwan and tumen). E.g:
* emuci (First)
* juwe tanggv susai emuci (251st)
* ningguci (Sixth)
* minggaci (One thousandth)
* juwanci (Tenth)
* tumenci (Ten thousandth)
* juwan duici (Fourteenth)

#### Manchu distributive numerals

Distributive numerals can be formed by adding the suffix ‘-ta’, ‘-te’ or ‘-to’ depending on the rules of vowel harmony. E.g.:
* ilata (one of three)
* tofohoto (one of 15)
* emte (one each).

#### Manchu multiplicative numerals

As for multiplicative numerals, one can either use the word ‘ubu’ (times), or use one of the postpositions such as ‘mudan’ (time), ‘jergi’ (time). E.g.:
* juwe ubu (twice)
* juwe mudan (twice)
* juwe jergi (twice)

#### Manchu fractions

Fractional numerals can be formed by either using the genitive or ablative case, or by using the dative/locative case in combination with the word ‘ubu’ (times). E.g
* sunja i emu (1/5)
* sunja ci emu (1/5)
* sunja ubu de emu ubu (1/5).
Lesson 3 (Pronouns) ---- Contents ---- Lesson 5 (Adjectives)