OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1943 06
## P.03 - Contents Banner

The Australasian Radio World
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
All-Wave All-World DX News
Vol. 8 - JUNE, 1943 - No. 1

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Proprietor - A. G. HULL
Technical Editor - J. W. Straede, B.Sc.
Short-wave Editor - L. J. Keast
Manager - Dudley L. Walter
Secretary - Miss E. M. Vincent
City Office - 243 Elizabeth St., Sydney - For all correspondence: Phone MA2325
Office Hours - Week-days: 10 a.m. - 5 p.m., Saturdays: 10 a.m. - 12 noon
Editorial Office - 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney
Subscription Rates - 6 issues 5/3, 12 issues 10/6, 24 issues £1, Post free to any address
Service Departments - Back Numbers, 1/- ea., post free; Reply-by-mail Queries, 1/- each
Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," 117 Reservoir St., Sydney (Footnote P.28)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS:
CONSTRUCTIONAL -
Simple Battery Set . . . . 9
TECHNICAL -
Electronics in Medicine . . . . 5
Ideas from Modern Circuits . . . . 11
Television or Facsimile . . . . 13
Substitute Output Valves . . . . 14
Radio Step by Step . . . . 20
SHORT-WAVE SECTION -
Short-wave Review . . . . 21
New Stations . . . . 21
Notes and Observations . . . . 22
Allied and Neutral Countries Short-wave Schedules . . . . 24
THE SERVICE PAGES -
Answers . . . . 26

## P.03 - Editorial Notes

Editorial
Following on last month's editorial remarks about carrying on through strenuous times, we might also point out the debt which we and our supporters owe to those of our advertisers who have remained faithful. Some firms found that they were short of stock and they no longer needed to advertise to maintain their business. But they did NOT cancel their advertising. They realised that advertising can be something more than merely a bait with which to catch buyers. By maintaining their advertising they are doing an indirect, but none the less effective, service to their most valued clients, the technicians, servicemen and radio enthusiasts throughout the Commonwealth. We feel sure that we speak for all our readers, when we pledge ourselves to remember all this when peace returns and trading conditions return to normal.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Australasian Radio World/Issues/1943 07
## P.03 - Contents Banner

The Australasian Radio World
Devoted entirely to Technical Radio
and incorporating
All-Wave All-World DX News
Vol. 8. - JULY, 1943 - No. 2.

## P.03 - Publication Notes

Proprietor - A. G. HULL
Technical Editor - J. W. Straede, B.Sc.
Short-wave Editor - L. J. Keast
Manager - Dudley L. Walter
Secretary - Miss E. M. Vincent
City Office - 243 Elizabeth St., Sydney - For all correspondence: Phone MA2325
Office Hours - Week-days: 10 a.m. - 5 p.m., Saturdays: 10 a.m. - 12 noon
Editorial Office - 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney
Subscription Rates - 6 issues 5/3, 12 issues 10/6, 24 issues £1, Post free to any address
Service Departments - Back Numbers, 1/- ea., post free; Reply-by-mail Queries, 1/- each
Printed by Bridge Printery Pty. Ltd., 117 Reservoir Street, Sydney, N.S.W., for the proprietor of the "Australasian Radio World," 117 Reservoir St., Sydney (Footnote P.28)

## P.03 - Contents

CONTENTS:
CONSTRUCTIONAL -
Power Amplifier for Batteries . . . . 5
T.R.F. for Local Hi-Fi . . . . 7
Forty-Watt Amplifier . . . . 11
Battery Charger from Speaker Parts . . . . 13
Design for Transposed Aerials . . . . 15
TECHNICAL -
With Radiomen of the Air Force . . . . 6
Television . . . . 9
The Effects of Load Impedance . . . . 17
SHORT-WAVE SECTION -
Short-wave Review . . . . 21
Notes and Observations . . . . 22
New Stations . . . . 23
Allied and Neutral Countries Short-wave Schedules . . . . 24
THE SERVICE PAGES -
Answers . . . . 26

## P.03 - Editorial Notes

Editorial
It has been announced that a National Security order has been issued which provides that radio repairmen are to be licensed and zoned. All persons engaged in repairing or servicing radio sets who have not applied for a licence should do so before July 19. Applications should be addressed to the State Deputy Director of the Department of War Organisation of Industry at your capital city. It should be noted that those who do radio work in their spare time, or are capable of doing so, are invited to register and will be officially encouraged to carry on with work of this kind. At the moment of writing the full details of the scheme, and especially in regard to its control of radio component parts, have not been revealed, but it is evident that radio servicing is at last to receive the attention it warrants. We strongly advise all of our readers to make a point of sending in their names for registration immediately, as failure to register now may have far-reaching effects in the future.
# High School Physics/A brief look

This section is meant to briefly introduce each topic to you, what are we going to do under each topic and its application in real life. The purpose is to excite you.

## Motion

Things move. From baseball to comet, from F1 race car to falling feather. The physicist's dream is to know exactly how these things move. Where is it going to be at at a certain time? When is it going to be here? When is it going to be there? Where is the moon at a hundred days and one hour from today?
But things do not simply move from one place to another, translational motion, they also rotate; spinning around their own axis, a spinning wheel, or around other things, moon circling around (orbiting) the earth.

## Thermodynamic

This section will amuse the want-to-be-engineer the most. You will learn how the internal combustion engine (the cool stuff inside the car that make it run) works, how fridge and air conditioner works, and so forth. Yet, as a spoiler, this will also be the most disappointing section, because this will tell you that perfect machines (100% efficiency) are impossible.

## Fluids

Fun fact: There are more missions that send people into outer space than to Challenger's Deep at Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean, which has only been visited by humans once, in 1960 with a Bathyscaphe (a type of submarine) named Trieste. They found strange creatures beyond imagination there. Why is it so hard? It is because of the high water pressure at such depth: 100MPa. How bad is that? Well, the air pressure that we experience in daily life is around 101.kPa, that is, around one thousand time less. The pressure on the heel of a 60kg (132lbs) person wearing spike shoes is 12MPa. That will give you a good idea.

## Electric Current

In our daily life we use a lot of electrical appliances like television etc., that we our able to use with the help of electricity. Have you ever tried to think of of it i.e. What is Electric Current?
Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a medium like metals. It measured in Coulombs/second which is named as Amperes. In this section you will study about the rate of flow of charge, the resistance on it, voltage and a lot related the current.

## Gravitation

Have you ever imagined why are you landed on earth, why don't you just fly off into the space, why a ball always come back to earth after being thrown into air. You will get all your answers in this section of physics.
Its the gravitational pull of the earth that let it all happen, and not only earth but each and every particle of this universe attract each other. Newtons law of gravitation and Kepler's laws, all you will come across this section.
# High School Physics

This book will educate high school students in the concepts of physics and how they apply to everyday life. The eventual goal of this book is to help student to understand difficult concepts by breaking them down into smaller parts and using analogy. The goal is a Physics book that makes sense to anyone who desires to understand it. It should strive to use helpful diagrams and be entertaining. It should utilize the online format to take advantage of videos, animations, simulations and other tools not available in print media to aid understanding.

## Table of Contents
### How to use this book

* Newtons Apple: Using the bounty of the internet to expand upon concepts.

### Introduction

* Introduction to physics: Why physics is relevant and useful
* Si units and conversions: Things are only relative.
* A brief look: What are we going to study under each chapter.

### Translational Motion

* Vector Kinematics
* Force: Why sumo wrestlers tend to break tables and eat lots of food.
* Acceleration: The speed of competitive eaters.
* Velocity: Speed at its best.
* Projectile motion: Why Newton could not possibly catch the apple on his head.
* Momentum and Impulse: Energy and airbags.
* Gravitation: Why satellites are so predictable and gravity brings all object down at a constant acceleration (without air resistance)
* Simple Oscillation: The bouncing of springs.

### Rotational Motion

* Rotational Motion: How round can you spin?
* Energy: Why sumo wrestlers have so much endurance.
* Waves: Why things tend to wiggle and wobble.
** Optics: Light
** Acoustics: Sound

### Thermodynamics

* Temperature Scales: Lord Kelvin's battle with heat.
* Heat: The true nature of exploding things
* Concept Summary: All the concepts and equations in an easy to digest page.

### Fluids

* Fluids: Pressure: Can you handle the pressure?

### Electric Circuits

* Ohms law: Gloves and Toasters
* Voltage, Current: 24,000 volt schocker!
* Parallel, Series: To share or not to share.

### Appendices

* Index of physics equations: All the good stuff in one place.
* How to solve physics problems: our good friend the triangle and the doodle.
* Physical intuition: How to use real world observations and make reasonable predictions.
* Physics experiments: Readings based experiments.

### Supplemental Materials for learning

* Mid semester cheat sheet / equation reference: A printable page which will include physics equations. in very small print!
* Applied Physics Experiments: Experiments which are made with common household materials. Expands on concepts.
* Physics: The Cookbook Approach: At this level of understanding, all you need is your essential "equation" ingredients and the right know how of how to do it.
* The Beauty of Physics: How nature is expressed by such simple equations.
* Physics and Philosophy: How natural movement of such forces leads to the universal understanding of the cosmos.

## Contributors

* 146.244.137.105 — Toni Nguyen, San Diego State University
# High School Physics/Force

There is a reason why buffet owners cringe in the sight of a sumo wrestler, speaking in their walkie talkies "code 11...code11," preparing the special seats and the special food to handle such masses. As you may not know, people tend to gain weight while eating. As they eat, the net force of their body on the chair is thus changed. For example, if named Buffet owner does not prepare himself for such an arrival of such a hardcore bunch, then "normal" accommodations will simply fail. For example, as the sumo wrestler is too big for the chair and tends to eat food traditionally sitting down, he thus has to sit on the table citing that the floor is not pure enough for his presence. As the table is made of wood, and the sumo wrestler being the weight of 3 normal sized people, as the food wrestler consumes his food, his mass increases. Once the support of the table can not support his force anymore, the table breaks!
The simple reason why sumo wrestlers "break tables and eat lots of food" is because they are trained to exert a great "force" on other objects around it. The reason why Sumo wrestlers break tables is because due to their massive weight and the support of the table being smaller than their weight, the net force of the interaction results in the breaking of tables.
Many people say that Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity due to seeing a apple fall on his head (likely due to the interaction of the apple and the collision with his head)
The classic equation: Newtons Second law (from Newton's'Principa', published 1687, Cambridge)
Force = Mass x acceleration
From common experience, everybody knows is that if you exert a force on an object with a certain mass, it will definitely accelerate or move. Unfortunately, many people who have played sports have felt the force of the ball interact with some part of their body. Their testimony wil cite that the faster and the more massive an object is, the more force it will exert on the contact.
# High School Physics/Gravitation
## Orbit

Why do satellites follow a path around the earth when they are broadcasting MTV. Think about it this way, if they were going a bit slower, they would fall, and if they were going a bit faster, they would fly away.
The distance a satellite is orbiting at will be determined in much the same way as how far Shakira's hair will be from her head when she tosses it. The faster, the farther.
Newton made this observation in regards to the fact that the moon rotates around the earth as determined by the law of gravitation:
$F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}}$
$G$ = gravitation constant. $m_{1}$ = mass of first object. $m_{2}$ = mass of second object. $r$ = Radius from center of $m_{1}$ to center of $m_{2}$.
R is what we are concerned with here. The equation requires that the farther away from the gravitational force the satellite is, the slower it needs to go to stay in orbit.

## Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment

It is said that Galileo dropped two bowling bowls of different masses from the tower of pisa, but this is debated with many believing it only occurred as a thought experiment. The natural inclination is to believe that the heavier object would fall faster without air resistance, but this is not true, as it has been shown they both fall at the same time. The force equation above proves that the force is greater on the larger object all other things being equal ($m_{1}$ or $m_{2}$ is what we are concerned with here...they are interchangeable). We know that it requires stronger muscles to hold up a person than a feather. So why doesn't the object that is heavier fall faster? One word. Inertia. You may have noticed that it is easier to throw a baseball than a bowling ball. The same applies to the Earth. You may be under the impression that the same rules that apply to you do not apply to the earth, but they do. The earth has to pull twice as hard on an object with twice the mass in order to produce the same acceleration as it would something with half that mass, so the fact that the force is twice as large is cancelled by the inertia being twice as great as well. This is of course ignoring air resistance. It takes a lot more energy to throw a whiffle ball a given distance than it does a baseball because of this. Without air resistance (in a vacuum), a normal whiffle ball is easier to throw a given distance than a baseball as hard as that is to believe.
# High School Physics/Heat

"Students, as you do know, the reason why heat exists is because it is merely just another form of energy. When you say, that you would rather avoid the heat, than get out of this universe! Without the existence of heat, many things would simply not be able to exist in the real world. Heat is what makes those brownies crisp. Heat is also what makes that ice melt."
Concepts: -The 3 laws of thermodynamics. -Entropy and enthalpy.
Problems -the stable temperature when combining hot and cold water.
application: cooking.
# High School Physics/Applied Physics Experiments
## Si Units

Force → $newtons(N)$
Pressure → $pascals(Pa)$
Acceleration → $(meterpersecond)persecond({\frac {m}{s^{2}}})$
Work → $joule(J)$

## Force

Moving a block with your hand work done on the object

## Acceleration

riding a bike down a hill, slipping and falling

## Momentum

* inelastic collision (billiards type)
* elastic collision (both go together)

## Energy

* Kinetic energy (motion)
* Potential energy (stored motion)
* magnetic energy(attractive motion)

## Electricity

-Materials: batteries, wires,
* Current vs. Voltage: the pipe analogy
* Ohms law: metal (conductors) vs. rubber (insulators)
* Series circuits (part 1 of the circuits experiment)
* Parallel circuits (part 2 of the circuits experiment)
* Voltaic Cells - Making electrochemical batteries. (File: )
# High School Physics/Energy

In Mt. Volta, there lived two types of people. The ones who saved their money and were always "potential" candidates for robbery and the "kinetics," a gang of young electrons that always liked to steal the "jeules" from the calm, yet saving potential People. In a way, there always seemed to be the same number of jeules between the two because everytime the kinetics robbed from the potentials, they always seemed to spend jeules at the stores of the potentals.
Similarly, Potential energy is stored energy (people who like to save their jeules) and Kinetic Energy is energy being used.
Energy, when it is tranferred, can be thought about in the following ways:
Electrical energy-The type which runs your mp3 players and personal electronics Mechanical energy-What is takes to move something. Heat energy-The warmth in your cup of hot chocolate. Wave energy-These are the vibrations you feel from music or sound and make listening possible. More than sounds are wave energy.
in this case, you will be studying the energy involved with motion. In essence, their are two types of energy you will be studying:
Potential Energy (U)-The energy you store up. A measure of what could happen.
$Potential\,\,Energy={\frac {1}{2}}Mass\cdot (Velocity)^{2}$
$or\,\,\,\,\,U={\frac {1}{2}}m\cdot v^{2}$
Kinetic Energy (K)-The energy you use.
$Kinetic\,\,Energy={\frac {1}{2}}Mass\cdot (Velocity)^{2}$
$or\,\,\,\,\,K={\frac {1}{2}}m\cdot v^{2}$
Did you notice that both the equation are the same? Well you observed right because in the world their is this concept called "conservation of energy" which means no amount of energy is created or lost in the process. Similarly, we mentioned that Jeules always seemed to be saved and spent at the same time. So, can we say
Potential Energy = Kinetic Energy
of COURSE we can!!
# High School Physics/Electric Circuits

"Once upon a time, there were two types of people. The people of toaster town and the people of Glove town. Every so while, a person from each town would observe each others differences, perhaps wanting to move to live a lifestyle which is good for them. People from toaster town observed that people in glove town typically "had no energy." The people of the town were very slow moving and conservative. They tended to resist the advances in Toaster town because they thought "Energy will destroy the very meaning of our life." Thus, they enacted the "no moving electrons" law and thus all the people in the town stayed at home, preferring to abundantly stare at the wall.
Similarly, the people from Glove town observed that people in Toaster town tended to have "lots of energy." Being liberal, they embraced the concept of "energy" and typically have places called "Energy bucks" to give them energy to live their fast placed life. Everybody tended to walk very fast and seemed to work as delivery people, giving "current" to others and living their own happy lives.
${\text{Ohms Law}}:R={\frac {E}{I}}$
* (higher) resistances, (Less) current
* (lower) resistances, (higher) current
Similarly, the people of both the towns are there to represent a key point in electrical circuits: Ohm Law. What basically Ohms law says is that if the resistance is higher, than the current will be lower. Conversely, if resistance is lower, than the current will be higher. As you you can see, there are generally two types (in actuality there are more, but for the sake of learning) Inductors and conductors. Inductors, as represented as "glove" town, tend to have very high resistances and don't tend to pass too much electrons from one point to another. Conductors, as represented as "Toaster" town, tend to have lower resistances and pass electrons of current easier easier.
Atomic Representation of Inductors.
(ex) Heavy metal Concerts: no passes
Inductors are basically molecular "bouncers" that don't tend to accept electrons from one point to another.
Atomic Representation of Conductors.
(ex) Heavy Metal Concerts: with passes
Conductors are like the young, rich, electrons that pass freely through the metal gates and thus enjoy the concert freely.
Just in case you didn't know: Don't touch the inside of your computer without touching metal!!
The most apparent form of electricity for a majority of mankind has been this force called "static electricity." As young children, we used have fun and rub our feet over the carpet and thus shock our friends which this intense shock (though, not enough to harm you). As you have grown older, likely you would have gotten this shock when touching your car door. Here is an experiment in which you want to consider.
FEET (hippy like conductors) Try this experiment with no shoes and rub your feet across a carpeted area. Feel the shock!
Shoes (for conservative inductors)
Try this experiment with rubber boots. Now, rub your feet across the carpeted and feel....well nothing.
# High School Physics/How to solve physics problems

The triangle: Pythagoras will remind us of his famous formula: A^2 + B^2 = C^2
Algebra Concepts
/The pyramid of algebra
Joey Newton recent got into trouble by his parents. His parents, knowing that Joey was a strong kid with 9 Newtons of force, placed a 1 Kg bowling ball to his foot to prevent him from running away. To make things worse, Johnny has a really strong "anti-Escape" fan that exerts 3n on his foot.
From the following Problem, Figure out the answer given the following concepts:
A. What is the Force? (chapter 1:Force) B. What is the Acceleration? (chapter 2: Acceleration) A. W = Mass X gravity (chapter 4: Energy)
B. What is the net force of the problem, assuming his leg is "actually" the bowling ball.
The doodle/Diagram: Basically its there to visualize problems and see how the concepts and the picture is related. One of the best concepts in which can be gained by drawing out the diagrams is a better understanding of the materials. Usually by drawing such diagrams, the math to it can be vastly simplified.
To aid in solving a problem, always assign the numbers which are given with their respective value.
Keywords for solving physics problems The general keywords that usually appear in problems in "the object starts at rest" = The initual velocity (Vo) is 0 "the object stops at rest" = The final velocity (Vf) is 0 "goes faster" =Add "goes slower" = Subtract Distance, Displacement, Movement = the change from the final distance from the starting position. "north" "South" -They either want you to use the pythagorean theorem or use vector diagrams elongates, stretches = gets bigger
Also, try to imagine the 'physical situation' as given in the problem. for ex, if in the problem it is given that the 'wheel is rolling without slpping' try to imagine it in your head, and then go about solving the problems. Especially in mechanics it helps a lot.
# High School Physics/Acceleration

Acceleration: the topic in which speeding objects are able to go faster relative to their speed. There is a reason why Ferraris cost more. It is because they tend to accelerate faster than your standard Toyota, but at 20 times the price.
The classic equation: Newtons second law
    $Acceleration={\frac {Force}{Mass}}$
Acceleration as you may not know, is the measure of the velocity in relation to time. This is different from velocity in that velocity is the measure of the distance in relation to time.
Just in Case you didn't know: Applied to Cars
Distance-It's how far you go (just say in Miles) Speed-It's how far you go in a certain amount of time (the difference between 20 and 100 miles per hour) Acceleration-It's how your speed changes in relation to the time (as said, Ferrari vs. Toyota Corolla)