OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Japanese/Lessons/Existence

When you want to say that something exists, there two verbs you have to choose from depending on whether the subject is an animate- or inanimate object. The difference is not quite living/non-living, as plants would be considered inanimate (as they don't move ... well, most only really slowly). A fish swimming in its fish-bowl would be an animate object, but a dead fish (whether at the fish-mongers or — let's hope not — in its bowl) would be in-animate.
* For animate objects (humans and animals), use "いる" (polite present positive: "います").
* For inanimate objects, use "ある" (polite present positive: "あります").
Note that these can denote both presence or possession.
In the dialogues below, you may replace "います" with "あります".

## Dialogue
### The presence of no particular object

| Japanese | Japanese | English | English |
| {{{ja}}}: | 何かいますか。 | {{{en}}}: | Is something (animate) there? |
| {{{ja}}}: | <animate object> がいます。 | {{{en}}}: | There's a <animate object>. |
| {{{ja}}}: | 何もいません。 (なにも　いません) | {{{en}}}: | There's nothing. |

### To ask about the presence of a particular animate object

| Japanese | Japanese | English | English |
| {{{ja}}}: | <object> がいますか。 | {{{en}}}: | Is there a <animate object>? |
| {{{ja}}}: | はい、います。 | {{{en}}}: | Yes, it's there. |
| {{{ja}}}: | いいえ、いません。 | {{{en}}}: | No, it's not there. |
If the animate object in question is not present but something else is, you can suggest this by saying:
| Japanese | Japanese | English | English |
| {{{ja}}}: | いいえ、<animate object> はいません。 | {{{en}}}: | No, <animate object> is not there. |
Notice that this reply uses "は" instead of "が". The "は" particle can be translated as "as for such and such", while "が" directly marks the subject.

## Vocabulary

何(なに)か: "anything/something". 何(なに)も: "everything/nothing" (positive/negative depends on the verb)
# Japanese/Lessons/Introduction/Amerika-jin desu ka/Foreign loan words
## "Loan words" in Japanese

In Japan, several "loan words" from English are commonly used. You already know more Japanese than you think just by knowing English. "Loan words" from Portuguese, Chinese, Dutch, French, and Italian have also been incorporated into the language, though English remains the most common.

### About "loan words"

The pronunciation of foreign words has to be changed quite a bit in order to flow in Japanese.
* Some words' pronunciations are simply changed. For example, curtain becomes kaaten, hotel becomes hoteru, and elevator becomes elebeetaa.
* Some words are abbreviated slightly. For example, supermarket becomes supaa, kilometer-and kilogram- become kilo, etc.
* Some words do not correspond to their original meaning. For example, the Japanese manshon translates to condominium, not mansion.

### See also

* Loan words in Japanese
* Japlish- Growing collection of "loan words"
# Japanese/Lessons/Introduction/Ii tenki desu ne/Talking about the weather

The Japanese commonly chat about the weather in idle conversation.
* Japanese/Vocabulary/Dates
* Weather and seasons
* Japanese/Vocabulary/Adjectives
* (<time> は) <adjective>天気 ですね。
Words such as "いい" (good), "わるい" (bad), "あつい" (hot), あたたかい (warm), "すずしい" (cool), "さむい" (cold) and "ひどい" (terrible) are commonly used to describe the weather.
    いいてんきですね。 — Nice weather, isn't it?
    昨日、天気が寒かったです。 — Yesterday, the weather was cold.

## Grammar Patterns
### "~ですね。"

    When "ね" is added after "です", it translates similarly to "isn't it?", or "eh?".

### そうですね。

    A phrase that usually translates to "it is, isn't it" in this context.

## Examples

| Japanese | Japanese | English | English |
| としお: | きょうはいいてんきですね。 | Toshio: | It's nice weather today, isn't it? |
| きみこ: | そうですね。 | Kimiko: | It is, isn't it. |
# Japanese/Lessons/Days

Counting the days of the month is really pretty simple — with a few exceptions. The first ten days generally follow the "native Japanese" counting stems. After the tenth of the month, all but the 14th, 20th and 24th follow the more basic Chinese-derived counting stems.
The first of the month is an exception, and simply must be memorized as such:
The second through tenth of the month follow the same native Japanese counting stems as used when counting generic items (一(ひと)つ,　二(ふた)つ,　三(みっ)つ, 四(よっ)つ) or people (一(ひ)人(とり), 二(ふ)人(たり)). The ending "〜か" is simply one of the readings for the character for "日".
* ２日　ふつか
* ３日　みっか
* ４日　よっか
* ５日　いつか
* ６日　むいか
* ７日　なのか
* ８日　ようか
* ９日　ここのか
* １０日　とおか
The rest of the days of the month, generally follow the normal pattern using the counters "いち", "に", "さん", etc., and the ending "〜か" is replaced with "〜にち". The numbers 14 and 24 use "〜よっか", not "〜よんにち" as one might assume from the pattern, and 20 uses "はつか", not "にじゅうにち".
| １日　ついたち ２日　ふつか ３日　みっか ４日　よっか ５日　いつか ６日　むいか ７日　なのか ８日　ようか ９日　ここのか １０日　とおか | １１日　じゅう いちにち １２日　じゅう ににち １３日　じゅう さんにち １４日　じゅう よっか １５日　じゅう ごにち １６日　じゅう ろくにち １７日　じゅう しちにち １８日　じゅう はちにち １９日　じゅう くにち ２０日　はつか | ２１日　にじゅう いちにち ２２日　にじゅう ににち ２３日　にじゅう さんにち ２４日　にじゅう よっか ２５日　にじゅう ごにち ２６日　にじゅう ろくにち ２７日　にじゅう しちにち ２８日　にじゅう はちにち ２９日　にじゅう くにち ３０日　さんじゅう にち ３１日　さんじゅう いちにち |

## Periods of days

* "前" (まえ), which generally means "before" or "in front of", is used to indicate an amount of time ago.
* "〜間" (かん) is used to indicate a length of time. It is usually dropped when unambiguous.
| ３日(みっか)前(まえ)に東京(とうきょう)に来(き)ました。 | I came to Tokyo three days ago. |
| 冬休(ふゆやす)みは１０日間(とおかかん)です。 | Winter holidays are ten days long. |
When periods of time are expressed in terms of "nights", the counter "泊" (はく) which means "night" or "overnight" in the context of staying somewhere, is affixed to the normal "いち", "に", "さん", etc.
The same character is also used for the word "泊まる" (とまる) which means "to stay" or "to stay over". As in English, this can be combined with "days", which is then read as the days of the week ("いっか", "ふつか", "みっか", "よっか, etc.).
| 旅館(りょかん)に２泊(にはく)した。 | I stayed at a ryōkan (Japanese-style inn) for two nights. |
# Japanese/Lessons/I-adjectives

There are two types of adjectives in modern Japanese: な- and い-adjectives. Both are descriptive and modify nouns. They describe nouns and form predicates differently.
The い-adjectives (形容詞, けいようし) are fairly simple creatures. Any い-adjective will end on an "い" in it's basic form and they behave very regularly. The only problem in differentiating between い- and な-adjectives comes from the fact that some な-adjectives also end on "い" (e.g. きれい and ゆうめい) or a syllable in the い-row (e.g. げんき).

## Watch and Listen

Listen to the teacher read the following phrases, or click here (needs soundbite) to listen on your computer.
| Adjective | Noun | Adjective and noun |
| 楽(たの)しい。 | ゲームだ。 | 楽(たの)しいゲームだ。 |
| 暑(あつ)い。 | 天気(てんき)だ。 | 暑(あつ)い天気(てんき)だ。 |
| 寒(さむ)い。 | 夜(よる)だ。 | 寒(さむ)い夜(よる)だ。 |
| 高(たか)い。 | 山(やま)だ。 | 高(たか)い山(やま)だ。 |
| 低(ひく)い。 | トンネルだ。 | 低(ひく)いトンネルだ。 |
| 安(やす)い。 | 本(ほん)だ。 | 安(やす)い本(ほん)だ。 |
| 軽(かる)い。 | かばんだ。 | 軽(かる)いかばんだ。 |
| 重(おも)い。 | 荷物(にもつ)だ。 | 重(おも)い荷物(にもつ)だ。 |

## Vocabulary

Nouns :
| Japanese | English | Reading | Notes |
い-adjectives :
| Japanese | English | Reading | Notes |

## Grammar

When they stand alone, い-adjectives don't take the copula, but when modifying nouns, they do. Otherwise they don't change.
<い-adjective> :
| <い-adjective> <noun> | です |
| <い-adjective> <noun> | だ |
# Japanese/Lessons/Assembling simple sentences

To form a Japanese sentence, you just need to remember few simple rules:
* Personal pronouns are mostly omitted, or replaced with names:
    すき　だ - I like it/you
    ほんだくん　が　すき　だ - I like you (when talking to Honda-kun)
* A normal (full) sentence always ends with a verb (even if it is an attributive verb, usually called verbal adjectives or the Japanese true adjective; we will discuss this more thoroughly later) and, optionally, special sentence-ending particles (mostly used to convey emotions and emphasis) after it. One verb alone may be treated like a full sentence. No other parts of speech can form a sentence alone. To end a sentence which does not have any action, and simply describes qualities of objects ("a person is sitting" is not a description of a quality, but rather a continuous action), copula verb で　ある (or any of its forms, including だ) must be used.
    すごい - It's great
    いく　ぞ - I am going
    これ　は　ほん　だ - This is a book
** Note that there are some exceptions when another particles are overtaking the だ copula (this note only applies to this only copula verb form; other で　ある forms do not have such exceptions) functions (for example, だ　か cannot end sentence, か is considered to possess verbal functions in this case).
    それ　は　ほん　か - Is that a book?
** Another exception is that the subject of the sentence may sometimes be placed right after the end of a sentence (after the verb with all sentence-ending particles), but no particles may be added afterwards. This construction although rarely used, is acceptable in spoken language for emphasizing the person you are talking to or talking about:
    すごい　ねえ, ほんだくん - It's great, Honda-kun!
* If you want to give focus to an object or expression, put a が after it. If you want to give focus to what an object or expression does (to an action), put a は after it:
    ぼく　は　いく　ぞ - I'm *going*
    ぼく　が　いく　ぞ - It's *me*, who is going
    わたし　は　あなた　が　きらい　だ - I hate you.
* Time of the events is usually put at the beginning of the sentence:
    きょう　とうきょう　に　いく - Today I am going to Tokyo.
# Japanese/Lessons/Basic

| Japanese | Links to the interesting stuff go here ... once they have been compiled and the pages checked. |
Proposed syllabus
* Making friends, expressing opinions
** Discourse topic marker は
** います・あります
** noun の noun
** Interrogatives and Demostratives
** Kanji 日 本 人 友 天 元 田 中 気 何
** 先輩 senpai and 後輩 kouhai and other honorifics.
* Getting around, expressing movement and direction
** Direct object marker を (tegami o kaku, hon o yomu, michi o aruku)
** Destination marker に
** Direction marker へ
** Site marker で　（"heya de benkyou suru"）
** Point in time marker に
** Particles から, まで
** 行く・来る・帰る with an emphasis on proper usage
       "Where are you going?" "I'm going to ...".
       "Are you coming to my house?"
       "I'm leaving (kaeru) now."
** Kanji 行 来 帰 北 南 東 西 京
* Talking about the future
** Days of the week (「きょうはなんようび？」「げつようびだよ」)
** て and 穏便 onbin
** Vector and verbs of movement (Aruite iku, aruite kuru, aruite kaeru, etc.)
** Kanji 月 火 水 木 金 土 曜
* Talking about family and possessions, describing what one can see or hear with 見える and 聞こえる
** いる and ある
** Subject marker が
** Making distinctions with が
** 見える and 聞こえる
** Plugging particles into predicates
** Kanji 読 書 考 言 話 見 聞 待
* Counting and telling time
** Counting from one to one hundred
** Counter words つ・人（nin）・本（hon）・杯（hai）・個（ko）・時（ji）・回（kai）・円（en）・枚（mai）
** Ordinals （〜目・〜番目）
** だろう, でしょう
** Telephone numbers
** Kanji 一 ・（ichi) 二・（ni) 三・（san) 四・（shi/yon) 五 ・（go) 六 ・（roku)七・（shichi) 八 ・（hachi)九・（kyu) 十・（jyu) 百 ・（hyaku)目 （番 号）
* Talking about the present, shopping, lists
** Stative verbs and action verbs
** 〜ている
** 〜てある
** Exhaustive list marker と
** List of examples marker や
** Kanji 買 持 食 飲 杯 個 時 回 円
* Asking for favors, giving and receiving
** Vector and verbs of favor
** くれる・あげる・もらう・polite and humble forms）
** (〜んですが）
* Talking about the past
** 〜た
** 〜たことがある
* Talking about hypothetical situations, expressing wishes and desires
** 〜ば
** （もし）〜たら　「お金があったら買う」
** 〜ばよかった
** 〜たい
* more to come, will allow the student to say most things he/she may want to say
** hoshii
** potential verbs
** imperatives, etc
** nominalizers の and こと
# Japanese/Lessons/Giving directions
## Dialogue

| Japanese | Japanese | English | English |
| エーさん: | ビーさん、シーさんの家はどちらですか。 | Mr. A: | Where is Mr. C place, Mr. B? |

## Vocabulary

| Japanese | English | Reading |
| まっすぐ行って | Go straight | massugu itte |
| 〜へ曲(ま)がる | Turn to the 〜 | he ma garu |
| 次の (つぎ　の) | "(at the) next" | tsugi no |
| 角 (かど) | "corner" | ka do |
| 左 (ひだり) | "left" | hidari |
| 右 (みぎ) | "right" | migi |
| 曲がって (まがって) | "turn" | magatte |
See Japanese/Vocabulary/Direction for more vocabulary.

## Grammar

The grammar here is pretty straight forward.
* 「まっすぐ行ってください。」 "Please go straight."
Please go to the left/right.
| 左 右 | へ行ってください。 |
* "Please go to the left/right."
Please turn left/right at the next corner.:
| 次の角を | 左 右 | へ曲がってください |
If you are in a taxi and want to let the driver know when and where to stop and not throw you out the door, you say:
* 「あそこで止まってください。」 "Please stop there."
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metro Rail/Metro Purple Line

The Metro Purple Line is one of the 5 lines of the Los Angeles County Metro Rail. Part of it shares route with the Red Line.
| Name of Line | Purple Line |
| Route Number | 805 |
| Route Direction | East-West |
| North/East Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| South/West Terminus | Wilshire/Western |
| Transfer Stations | Los Angeles Union Station (Gold Line, Metrolink/Amtrak), 7th Street/Metro Center (Blue Line) |
| LRT/HRT | HRT (Heavy-Rail Transit) - Subway |
| Operated By | LACMTA |
| Opened | January 30, 1993 |
| Route Length | 6.4 mi (10.3 km) |
| Stations | 8 |
| Fleet | Ansaldobreda A650 |

## Stations

| Station | Notes |
| Los Angeles Union Station | Transfer to Gold Line, Metrolink, Amtrak / Eastern Terminus / Concurrency Terminus with Red Line |
| Civic Center | Concurrency with Red Line |
| Pershing Square | Concurrency with Red Line |
| 7th Street/Metro Center | Transfer to Blue Line and future Expo Line / Concurrency with Red Line |
| Westlake/MacArthur Park | Concurrency with Red Line |
| Wilshire/Vermont | Concurrency Terminus with Red Line |
| Wilshire/Normandy | |
| Wilshire/Western | Western Terminus |

## Stations

| Station | Connections | Date Opened |
| Union Station | Red Line Gold Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Gold Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line El Monte Busway Metro Rapid: 704, 728, 733, 740, 745, 770 Foothill Transit: Silver Streak (bus)|Silver Streak Amtrak Metrolink (Southern California)|Metrolink | January 30, 1993 |
| Civic Center | Red Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line Metro Rapid: 728, 730, 733, 740, 745, 770, 794 Foothill Transit: Silver Streak | January 30, 1993 |
| Pershing Square | Red Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line Metro Rapid: 720, 728, 730, 740, 745, 753, 770, 794 Foothill Transit: Silver Streak Angels Flight | January 30, 1993 |
| 7th St/Metro Center | Red Line Blue Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Blue Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line Harbor Transitway Metro Rapid: 714, 720, 753, 760, 770 Metro Express: 450X Foothill Transit: Silver Streak | January 30, 1993 |
| Westlake/MacArthur Park | Red Line Metro Rapid: 720 | January 30, 1993 |
| Wilshire/Vermont | Red Line Metro Rapid: 720, 754 | July 13, 1996 |
| Wilshire/Normandie | Metro Rapid: 720 | July 13, 1996 |
| Wilshire/Western | Metro Rapid: 710, 720, 757 | July 13, 1996 |
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metro Rail/Metro Red Line

The Metro Red Line is one of the 5 lines of the Los Angeles County Metro Rail. Part of it shares route with the Purple Line.
| Name of Line | Red Line |
| Route Number | 802 |
| Route Direction | East-West |
| North/East Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| South/West Terminus | North Hollywood |
| Transfer Stations | Los Angeles Union Station (Gold Line, Metrolink/Amtrak), 7th Street/Metro Center (Blue Line) |
| LRT/HRT | HRT (Heavy-Rail Transit) - Subway |
| Operated By | LACMTA |
| Opened | January 30, 1993 |
| Route Length | 16.4 mi (26.4 km) |
| Stations | 14 |
| Fleet | Ansaldobreda A650 |

## Stations

| Station | Notes |
| Los Angeles Union Station | Transfer to Gold Line, Metrolink, Amtrak / Eastern Terminus / Concurrency Terminus with Purple Line |
| Civic Center | Concurrency with Purple Line |
| Pershing Square | Concurrency with Purple Line |
| 7th Street/Metro Center | Transfer to Blue Line and future Expo Line / Concurrency with Purple Line |
| Westlake/MacArthur Park | Concurrency with Purple Line |
| Wilshire/California Ave. | Concurrency Terminus with Purple Line |
| Vermont/California Ave. | |
| Vermont/Santa Monica | |
| Vermont/Sunset | |
| Hollywood/Western | |
| Hollywood/Vine | |
| Hollywood/Highland | Located in the heart of Hollywood, where most tourist attractions are |
| Universal City | Gateway to Universal Studios |
| North Hollywood | Transfer to Metro Liner Orange Line (bus) / Western Terminus |
| Station | Connections | Date Opened |
| Union Station | Purple Line Gold Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Gold Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line El Monte Busway Metro Rapid: 704, 728, 733, 740, 745, 770 Foothill Transit: Silver Streak (bus)|Silver Streak Amtrak Metrolink (Southern California)|Metrolink | January 30, 1993 |
| Civic Center | Purple Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line Metro Rapid: 728, 730, 733, 740, 745, 770, 794 Foothill Transit: Silver Streak | January 30, 1993 |
| Pershing Square | Purple Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line Metro Rapid: 720, 728, 730, 740, 745, 753, 770, 794 Foothill Transit: Silver Streak Angels Flight | January 30, 1993 |
| 7th St/Metro Center | Purple Line Green Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Blue Line Silver Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Silver Line Harbor Transitway Metro Rapid: 720, 753, 760, 770 Metro Express: 450X Foothill Transit: Silver Streak | January 30, 1993 |
| Westlake/MacArthur Park | Purple Line Metro Rapid: 720 | January 30, 1993 |
| Wilshire/California Ave. | Purple Line Metro Rapid: 720, 754, 920 | July 13, 1996 |
| Vermont/Beverly | Metro Rapid: 754 | June 12, 1999 |
| Vermont/Santa Monica | Metro Rapid: 704, 754 | June 12, 1999 |
| Vermont/Sunset | Metro Rapid: 754 | June 12, 1999 |
| Hollywood/Western | Metro Rapid: 757, 780 | June 12, 1999 |
| Hollywood/Vine | Metro Rapid: 780 | June 12, 1999 |
| Hollywood/Highland | Metro Rapid: 780 | June 24, 2000 |
| Universal City | Metro Rapid: 750 | June 24, 2000 |
| North Hollywood | Orange Line | June 24, 2000 |
Template:Bombardier A650
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/91 Line

The 91 Line is one of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. It connects Los Angeles Union Station with downtown Riverside to the east, roughly following the route of State Route 91 (hence the line's name). Trains on the San Bernardino Line have 700-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 7). The route operates on weekdays only (Monday-Friday).

## Demographics

| Name of Line | 91 Line |
| Route Direction | East-West |
| Inbound Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| Outbound Terminus | Riverside-Downtown |
| Rail 2 Rail? | No |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | No |
| Rail Connections | Metro Gold, Red, and Purple Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Antelope Valley, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange County, 91, and Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Riverside and 91 Lines at Riverside-Downtown |
| Number of Stations | 8 |
| Length of Line | 61.6 miles |
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/Antelope Valley Line

The Antelope Valley Line is one of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. It connects Los Angeles Union Station with Palmdale and Lancaster to the north, roughly following the route of the Interstate 5 and State Route 14. Trains on the Antelope Valley Line have 200-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 2). The route operates 7 days a week.

## Demographics

| Name of Line | Antelope Valley Line |
| Route Direction | North-South |
| Inbound Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| Outbound Terminus | Lancaster |
| Rail 2 Rail? | No |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | Yes |
| Rail Connections | Metro Gold, Red, and Purple Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Antelope Valley, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange County, 91, and Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Lines at Los Angeles Union Station |
| Number of Stations | 11 |
| Length of Line | 76.6 miles |
# Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Samwise Gamgee

Samwise "Sam" Gamgee was Frodo's loyal and devoted gardener, and companion after the breaking of the Fellowship, traveling with him all the way to Mount Doom. Sam was often Frodo's physical and emotional support, and played a vital role in the destruction of the Ring, through the selfless and loving assistance he readily gave to Frodo on the long and hard journey.
# Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Thorin Oakenshield

Thorin II, also called the Oakenshield, was the King under the Mountain during the time of the Lord of the Rings
# Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Ori

Ori was a member of Thorin's Company of Dwarves. He, alongside his brothers Dori and Nori, are remote kinsman of Thorin.

## Appearance in the Books and Films
### In the books

* The Hobbit (First appearance)
* The Fellowship of the Ring (novel) (As corpse)

### In the films

* The Hobbit 1977 film
* The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
* The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
* The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
* The Fellowship of the Ring (film) (Appears as corpse)
* The Hobbit (2003 video game)

### Voice Dubbing actors

| Foreign Language | Voice dubbing artist |
| Spanish (Latin America) | Moisés Iván Mora |
| Spanish (Spain) | Enrique Hernández |
| Portuguese (Brazil) (Television/DVD) | Marcelo Garcia |
| Italian (Italy) | Edoardo Stoppacciaro |
| German | Nic Romm |
| French (France) | Adrien Larmande |
| Czech (Czech Republic) | Petr Neskusil |
| Slovak | Roman Matisko |
| Hungarian | Péter Takátsy |
| Polish | Rafał Fudalej |
| Ukraine | Dmytro Buzynskyy |
| Japanese | Kouki Miyata |

## Translations around the World

| Foreign Language | Translated name |
| Amharic | ዖሪ |
| Arabic | وري |
| Armenian | Որի |
| Belarusian | Орі |
| Bengali | ওরি |
| Bulgarian | Ори |
| Chinese (Hong Kong) | 歐力 |
| Dari | وری |
| Georgian | ორი |
| Greek | Ορι |
| Gujarati | ઑરિ |
| Hebrew | ורי ? |
| Hindi | ॐरि ? |
| Japanese | オリ |
| Kazakh | Орі |
| Korean | 오리 |
| Kurdish | ۆری |
| Kyrgyz | Ори |
| Macedonian | Ори |
| Mongolian | Ори |
| Nepali | ॐरि |
| Norwegian | Ori |
| Pashto | وری |
| Persian | اوری |
| Russian | Ори |
| Sanskrit | ॐरि |
| Serbian | Ори (Cyrillic) Ori (Latinised) |
| Sinhala | ඕරි |
| Tajik | Ори |
| Tamil | ஓரி |
| Telugu | ఓరి |
| Tigrinya | ዖሪ |
| Uyghur | ورى |
| Uzbek | Ори (Cyrillic) Ori (Latinised) |
| Yiddish | ױרי |
# Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Introduction/Beginner
## Included Content

Beginner readers are not expected to have explored much of the storyline. They are presumed to have read a large part of at least one of The Lord of the Rings books or The Hobbit. Pages marked for Beginners contain short synopses of the book plots, introductions to some key characters in the series and overviews of several important locations.

## Excluded Content

Much of The Lord of the Rings has not yet been explored. Much of the character list and all of the chapter summaries are beyond Beginner level.
# Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Peregrin Took

Peregrin "Pippin" Took was Merry's best friend, and a relative of Frodo. Though originally a prankster, overly curious and an occasional source of frustration for Gandalf, he matures as the story progresses, eventually actively participating in the War of the Ring. One of his major functions is to serve as comic relief, alongside Merry.
# Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Sauron
## Sauron

Sauron is a the Lord of the Rings. Also known as the Necromencer in The Hobbit. Sauron created the Ruling Ring but lost it long ago. In The Lord of the Rings he is searching his lost ring. For in it lies his own former power and the will to rule Middle-Earth.He is also a very evil person, he uses his powers for bad things; his main goal is to get back the ring he lost.

## Name

Sauron is the Quenya term for "the Abhorred". In Sindarin, it is translated as Gorthaur from gor ("horror, dread") and thaur ("abominable, abhorrent").
# Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Introduction/Advanced
## Included Content

Advanced readers should be knowledgeable in all areas of The Lord of the Rings. Everything is accessible, including the Greater Picture.

## Excluded Content

Advanced readers can view anything.