OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Strength of Materials

This book is a first course in the analysis of structures. Although most of the material should be accessible to all students who have had a mechanics course, a previous exposure to Engineering Mechanics would be useful. There are no mathematical prerequisites, though some elementary calculus would be useful in certain sections which can be skipped without affecting the flow of the book.

## Contents

* Introduction
* Introductory Concepts
* Axial Deformation of Bars
* Generalized Hooke's Law: Pressure Vessels
* Torsion
* Loading of Beams
* General State of Stress
* Yield and Fracture
* Elastic Stress Analysis
* Column
* Energy and Virtual Work
* Classical Energy Methods
* Elastic Analysis of Systems
* Plastic Limit Analysis
* Weakest link determination by use of three parameter Weibull statistics

## To do

* Create appropriate chapters for Unsorted topics
* General cleanup
* Move images to Commons and create SVGs

### Author Resources

The following are free resources available online that may be helpful in completing the writing of this text. Of course each source must be evaluated for accuracy and copyrights must be respected.

#### Strength of Material Textbooks

John P. Kottcamp (1919) Strength of Materials http://books.google.com/books?id=f580AAAAMAAJ&dq=strength%20of%20materials&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
James E. Boyd (1911) Strength of Materials http://books.google.com/books?id=07w0AAAAMAAJ&dq=strength%20of%20materials&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Arthur Morely (1913) Strength of Materials http://books.google.com/books?id=BT9DAAAAIAAJ&dq=strength%20of%20materials&pg=PR8#v=onepage&q&f=false

#### Open Courseware

MIT Opencourseware 3.11 Mechanics of Materials http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-11-mechanics-of-materials-fall-1999/modules/ Graduate level course. Includes multiple pdfs with over 300 pages of content.

#### Video Lectures

Prof. S.P. Harsha. Strength of Materials Lectures. NPTEL Indian Institute of Technology, Roorke http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2361/Strength-of-Materials. This includes 40 lectures averaging between 50 and 60 minutes long.
Prof. S.K. Bhattacharyya (2005) Strength of Materials Lectures. NPTEL Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=105105108 This includes 40 lectures averaging between 50 and 60 minutes long taught in the civil engineering department.
# Strength of Materials/Axial Deformation of Bars
## Examples

The analysis presented in this section is valid when the length of the object under analysis, say L, is much larger than other dimensions and when the applied load is in the direction of L. An example of such a case is a pin jointed truss. When a load is applied to a truss, its members carry compressive (or tensile) loads acting so as to shorten (or increase) the length of the truss member.
Let us consider a bar of length L, cross sectional area A and an elastic modulus E. It is fixed on one of its end and is acted upon a force P along its length.
# Straw Bale Construction/Techniques/Openings
## Openings

(Please help us write this section) This section could take as its starting point the discussion about waterproofing of window openings archived here: http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/GSBN-Greenbuilder/message/608
# Straw Bale Construction/Tools

Some tools are either seldom used in construction or very specific to straw bale construction. Here's a list of the most common ones.

## Splitting bales: the straw bale needle

When building with straw bales, you will often need to split bales. Pushing twine through the middle of the bale requires a bale needle.
A bale needle is a steel pin of about 80 cm long and 10 to 12 mm wide. It has two holes or hooks near the top, and a handle perpendicular to other end of the pin.

## Drawknife and shaving horse

Straw bale structures, especially load bearing structures, are often reinforced with hazel pins. It's important for these pins to be pointed and free of bark. That's where a drawknife and a shaving horse come in handy.

## Moisture meter

You want to know if your bales are sufficiently dry. A hay moisture meter can help you with that. Example: http://www.delmhorst.com/Moisture-Meters/Agriculture/Hay/FX-2000 .

## Big wooden hammer

A big wooden hammer is really handy for putting the bales in place.

## Plastic strapping tensioner

A plastic strapping tensioner is needed in load bearing wall construction to compress the bales between base and top plate into a more stable structure. plastic strap tensioner

## Stucco sprayer

Bales need to be protected from the elements as soon as possible. This can be done by hand, but a stucco sprayer is _so_ much faster to work with. Any hints on particular features you're looking for in a sprayer? Please add them here! Here's an image: http://imgur.com/C0AJNwp .

## (optional) Straw (re)baler

Sometimes, you can't find sufficiently compressed bales. Or you need a different size or shape. That is when a straw baler can come in handy. Have a look at these plans: straw baler plans straw baler instructions
# Strength of Materials/Column

Structural speaking a column is the vertical member of a broader construction that has the function of transferring the load it supports downwards or as a load transfer structure, in the same direction. The load pass through the column in the direction of the gravitational pull.
# Sport Innovation/Corporate Tag Sevens/Rules

10 minutes per match, no half time or extra time, 4 group games per team. ‘Golden Try’ for Semi Finals and Final if extra time is required. Teams equal on points at the conclusion of pool games will be separated by:
Pool winners progress into Semi Finals.
# Sport Innovation/Corporate Tag Sevens

Rules
Background
Project Goals and Scope
Tasks and Lifecycle
Project Outcomes
References
# Sport Innovation/Corporate Tag Sevens/Background

As part of the 2012 Queensland Sevens Rugby Festival this past October; the Queensland Reds launched an inaugural business to business (B2B) corporate tag rugby sevens tournament which coexisted with the Gold Coast sevens fever pitch within the same weekend. The Gold Coast Sevens Fever Pitch is part of the acclaimed international HSBC Sevens World Series which featured 16 countries around the globe. The corporate tag rugby sevens tournament was a one day mock event of the Gold Coast sevens fever pitch tour with 24 corporate teams competing for the tag sevens title. This event took place Friday October 12, 2012 at Broadbeach on the Gold Coast with the fever pitch occurring the following 13th and 14th of October in Skilled Park.
# Sport Innovation/Corporate Tag Sevens/References

1. Reds Rugby/Queensland Reds. 2012. Reds launch B2B Corporate Tag Sevens on the Gold Coast. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.redsrugby.com.au/ArticleDetails/tabid/526/ArticleID/7647/Default.aspx. [Accessed 16 February 13].
2. Gold Coast Sevens Fever Pitch . 2012. Match Day Timings & Draw . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.goldcoastfeverpitch.com.au/GameDay/MatchDayTimingsDraw/tabid/2546/language/en-AU/Default.aspx. [Accessed 16 February 13].
3. ARU Media Unit, 2012. Australian Rugby Union announce Bond University as new Gold Coast Sevens Fever Pitch partner. rugby.com, [Online]. 1, 1. Available at: http://www.rugby.com.au/News/NewsArticle/tabid/1699/ArticleID/7839/Default.aspx [Accessed 16 February 2013].
# Sport Innovation/FIFA Testing Criteria for Goal-line technologies

FIFA have released the criteria they have developed in order to determine each of the nine technologies accuracy, reliability and instantaneousness. The nine technologies will be evaluated using a pass or fail assessment system with 100% accuracy required. The four criteria include:
* The technology applies solely to the goal-line and only to determine whether a goal has been scored
* The system must be accurate
* The indication of whether a goal has been scored must be immediate and automatically confirmed within one second
* The indication of whether a goal has been scored will only be communicated to the match officials (via the referee's watch, by vibration and visual signal)
During phase one all of the technologies will be tested with varying levels of lighting, speed of the ball, different angles of trajectory. Not only with the technology be tested with regards to the ball going through the goal posts but the ball will also be tested to determine if players will have the same control of the ball imbedded with the technology as one without.
Phase two of the testing will be more intensive and will take in various elements such as climatic conditions and receptiveness of referees' watches, which would receive the verdicts from the technology.
The findings from the testing will be presented by Empa to the International Football Association Board (IFAB). Those who meet the criteria will be voted on by the board which is comprised of the Football Association (FA), the Irish FA, the Welsh FA, the Scottish FA and FIFA. Each of the FA’s have one vote while FIFA who will act on behalf of the rest of the world, has four votes. The decision to implement one of the GLTs must be approved by three-quarters of the IFAB member.
# Sport Innovation/GPS Tracking
## Introduction to GPS Tracking

Advances in technologies available for on-field sports performance have increased immensely in recent years. The use of motion analysis technology allows for individual monitoring and gives useful feedback for coaches and fitness staff. GPS(Global Positioning System) technologies are amongst those offering good precision in performance analysis through position and velocity of motion.
In our discussion of GPS in sports, we are going to focus on the use of GPS tracking related to the FIFA World Cup 2014. The GPS tracking is a powerful and innovative tool already used by a lot of members of the football community around the world. In Football, GPS tracking can be used to monitor players, but also to monitor both players and the ball in conjunction – generally to determine more accurately an offside position which has been the subject to much controversy. Two market leaders supplying the technology, GPSports and Catapult Sports will be discussed in terms of their products, clients, and future missions. We are also going to talk about possible future trends and recommendations.
Back to On-field technology

## References

* ↑ http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/currentstudents/ug/projects/Kurzawa/background.htm
# Roblox Studio Tutorials/Day and night cycle

Have you ever wondered how to set the time of day? It is easy. Just go to Workspace -> Lighting, and change the property (clock time) to whatever you want (0:00 - 23:59). To make the time change in game, we just need to insert a script. Also, "_" in the script section is empty space. This is the simplest way to do it:__________________ while wait(1) do --change one to whatever speed you want. less is faster________ game.Lighting.SetMinutesAfterMidnight((+1)_________________________________end --30 is the minutes changed
# Roblox Studio Tutorials
## Table of Contents

* Beginning to build
* Effects and lighting
* Effects
* Treasure Hunt Simulator
* Beginning to script
* Ways to die in Roblox Natural Disaster Survival
* New spawns
* Day and night cycle
* Basic hinges and jump boost
# Roblox Studio Tutorials/Basic hinges and jump boost

This will be our final obby tutorial, we are going to move on to lighting and effects next. One basic hinge is a seesaw.
To build it, first we need to make two supporters for the seesaw. Make sure that the supporters have anchored true and CanCollide false so that the player don't just pass the level by jumping on the supporter. Now, make the part that the player have to balance on so they're not dumped into empty space. Make sure that the balancing part is NOT anchored. Go to models and select surface select hinge inside surface. Put hinges on the supporters and name them Hinge0 or something(If I'm wrong then I will say the correct name in discussion). And put hinges on the opposite sides of the seesaw and rename them Hinge1. Test your game and the seesaw should not fall into empty space(If it did I apologize for that and I will say the correct way in discussion). You can also make doors with this strategy too.
The other kind of hinge we are going to talk about is spinning blocks. (I think it is like this, if not, same thing, discussion)First, you make one supporter for the spinning block. Put the block that is going to spin on top of the supporter. Connect them using hinges again and change the hinge type to motor. Test your game and the block should spin! You can also use spinning lava too. Now it is time for jump boost. First, insert a new part, go to properties, expand velocity, change y velocity to something no bigger than 200. Test your game and your character should be able to jump very high!
# Roblox Studio Tutorials/Beginning to script

Oops. I forgot to tell you to go to models, then use the anchor tool to anchor everything. Do it right now. I apologize for that. But anyways, we are going to start scripting today! The first thing we are going to script is lava. Insert a new part then rename it "Lava" by clicking on its name, delete its current name, and type in "Lava". Now click on the plus sign on the right side of lava. search "Script" and click on script. Now type this in the script:
Test it by touching the lava. If you died, then the script is working. The other thing we are going to script is a conveyor that pushes players off. Make a new part and insert another script inside this one. Put the following script inside: while wait do script.Parent.Velocity=script.Parent. CFrame.lookVector*10 Change 10 to how fast you want the player to move on it. Don't forget to anchor everything!
# Roblox Studio Tutorials/Effects
## Campfire

You can make a cool campfire using effects! First, build the campfire with surroundings and a base and some logs. Then, add a fire effect by going to models>effects>fire. You will see a fire coming out from the base. The fire might be too small, but we can make it bigger by going to the properties of the fire. You can change the size of the fire by changing the size property. You can also change the brightness, and the color, also the range to make a cool campfire!

## Fountain

This one is a little bit harder than campfire. But it is really cool. First, add a ring of water, then, add surrounding and a middle. Add a part that would spray water into the air in the middle. Insert a ParticleEmitter inside the sprayer. You will see that the sprayer starts to "spray" out sparkles. But sparkles look nothing like water. We need water. Copy this smoke: wiki.roblox.com/index.php?title=File:Smoke.png&filetimestamp=20150731221157&
Add the new smoke file to replace the sparkles file. You should see smoke coming out of the sprayer. That still doesn't look like water though, we need to change the properties. Change Color>Start to light teal, then change LightEmission to 0.5, click on size and click ... and drag the right endpoint to the bottom. Do the same thing to transparency. But this time, drag the left endpoint to about in the middle. Now they look good but they don't fall. To make the particles fall, we need to change acceleration to 0,-10,0. Now for the finishing touches. Change RotSpeed to -90,90, change speed to 15, velocity spread to 5, rate to 200 and LifeTime to 4.
# Roblox Game Development/Notes

This page contains notes about development of the book.

## Writing and style

* All headers and titles, except the title of the book itself, should use sentence case.
* The book should be self-contained, but it's fine to add links to other books or Wikipedia, as long as these links are only used for supplementary material.
# Roblox Studio Tutorials/Beginning to build

Every Roblox PC or Mac player already has Roblox Studio downloaded. So just open Roblox Studio, then click install. Once that is done, log in to your Roblox account. You should now be on the templates page. We are going to start an obby now. Click on baseplate, a new place should be opened. Select "Baseplate" then use CTRL+X to delete it. Click on part and a new block should spawn in the middle of your screen. Click on scale and make the block look like a floor. Insert three new blocks and scale them like walls that fits the floor. Use the move tool to move your walls in the right spot. Select your floor and click on duplicate. Use the move tool and move it on top of the walls. Now we just need a spawn so the players will spawn in your lobby. Go to models and click on spawn. move the spawn in your lobby. The lobby for your obby is now finished(VIP doors are in future tutorials). Click next again and your game should be saved.
# Stardew Valley/Dumpster Diving

Dumpster diving is a good way to obtain items early on, since it offers more consistent locations than foraging with a wider item variety. There are eight different garbage cans around town that occasionally will give items when clicked on.
Items gained while dumpster diving tend to be linked to the buildings near where they are located. For example, food items can often be found at the trash can of the Stardrop Saloon on lucky days. On unlucky days, typically only trash can be found at most locations. Some items in the trash can only be found after completing certain achievements.
Every character, except Linus, does not like dumpster diving, and their opinion of the player will be reduced if they see them looking in the trash, voicing their displeasure.
One rare item you can get is a trash can lid, a wearable hat, with the description A trash can lid, "upcycled" into a hat.
# Stardew Valley/Combat

The Stardew Valley combat system is quite simple compared to most modern games. You press the left mouse button (If you are playing on a computer) and your character attacks in the direction you're facing.
# Stardew Valley/Cooking

You can start cooking after complete the first farmhouse upgrade. In order to cook you need the recipe, which can come from different sources, and the ingredients. The monetary value of the result is usually less than the ingredients, so cooking is not a good way to increase your profits. But cooking does increase the food value of the ingredients, and many prepared dishes give you buff useful for fishing, mining, etc. Many dishes make good gifts as well.

## The Queen of Sauce

The main source of recipes is watching The Queen of Sauce on your television. This airs with a new episode every Sunday for the first 2 years, and then episodes are re-run after that. Randomly selected re-runs are shown on Wednesdays.
Living of the Land :
| Year | Season | Date | Recipe |
| 1 | Spring | 7 | Stir Fry |
| 1 | Spring | 14 | Coleslaw |
| 1 | Spring | 21 | Radish Salad |
| 1 | Spring | 28 | Omelet |
| 1 | Summer | 7 | Baked Fish |
| 1 | Summer | 14 | Pancakes |
| 1 | Summer | 21 | Maki Roll |
| 1 | Summer | 28 | Bread |
| 1 | Fall | 7 | Tortilla |
| 1 | Fall | 14 | Trout Soup |
| 1 | Fall | 21 | Glazed Yams |
| 1 | Fall | 28 | Artichoke Dip |
| 1 | Winter | 7 | Plum Pudding |
| 1 | Winter | 14 | Chocolate Cake |
| 1 | Winter | 21 | Pumpkin Pie |
| 1 | Winter | 28 | Cranberry Candy |
| 2 | Spring | 7 | Pizza |
| 2 | Spring | 14 | Hashbrowns |
| 2 | Spring | 21 | Complete Breakfast |
| 2 | Spring | 28 | Lucky Lunch |
| 2 | Summer | 7 | Carp Surprise |
| 2 | Summer | 14 | Maple Bar |
| 2 | Summer | 21 | Pink Cake |
| 2 | Summer | 28 | Roasted Hazelnuts |
| 2 | Fall | 7 | Fruit Salad |
| 2 | Fall | 14 | Blackberry Cobbler |
| 2 | Fall | 21 | Crab Cakes |
| 2 | Fall | 28 | Fiddlehead Risotto |
| 2 | Winter | 7 | Poppyseed Muffins |
| 2 | Winter | 14 | Lobster Bisque |
| 2 | Winter | 21 | Bruschetta |
| 2 | Winter | 28 | Stir Fry (repeat) |

## Recipes from friendly villagers

Most of the villagers send you recipes after reaching certain levels of friendship with them. You receive the recipe in the mail overnight.

### 3 heart recipes

* Caroline - Parsnip Soup
* Clint - Algae Soup
* Demetrius - Fried Mushroom
* Emily - Salad
* George - Fried Eel
* Gus - Salmon Dinner
* Jodi - Fried Calamari
* Kent - Crispy Bass
* Lewis - Spaghetti
* Linus - Sashimi
* Marnie - Pale Broth
* Pam - Cheese Cauliflower
* Pierre - Blueberry Tart
* Shane - Pepper Poppers
* Willy - Chowder

### 7 heart recipes

* Caroline - Vegetable Stew
* Clint - Bean Hotpot
* Demetrius - Autumn's Bounty
* Emily - Red Plate
* Evelyn - Rice Pudding
* George - Spicy Eel
* Gus - Cranberry Sauce
* Jodi - Ice Cream
* Kent - Super Meal
* Lewis - Eggplant Parmesan
* Linus - Fish Taco
* Marnie - Rhubarb Pie
* Pam - Stuffing
* Robin - Pumpkin Soup
* Sandy - Tom Kha Soup
* Willy - Fish Stew
* Shane - Strange Bun
In addition, Willy sends you Escargot at 5 hearts and Lobster Bisque at 9 hearts. Evelyn gives you a recipe for Cookie in person in a cutscene that can take place after you reach 4 hearts.
# TI-Basic Z80 Programming

    See also: TI-Basic 84 Programming and TI-Basic 89 Programming
This book covers the Z80 processor's version of TI-BASIC.

## Overview

TI-BASIC is a simple programming language used on Texas Instruments (TI) graphing calculators. The language is quite simple, and integrates many normal graphing calculator commands (such as storing variables or graphing) into its code.
TI-BASIC is very easy to program, especially when compared to assembly, which is the other main language that can be used to program TI graphing calculators. Also, programs written in TI-BASIC can have small file sizes, since common functions can be programmed with just one character (1-2 bytes), such as If or Menu(. However, this makes execution of TI-BASIC programs very slow, since each line of code must be read and parsed before execution. Despite the crawling speed of TI-BASIC, it's appropriate for many simple programs.

## Versions of TI-BASIC

There are two main versions of TI-BASIC in use today:
* The TI-BASIC that comes with the TI-89, TI 89 Titanium, TI-92, TI-92 Plus and Voyage 200 calculators. This is the more powerful version of TI-BASIC.
* The TI-BASIC that comes with the TI-83, TI-83+, TI-83+ Silver Edition, TI-84+ and TI-84+ Silver Edition calculators. This is a less powerful version of TI-BASIC, but is still fairly versatile. This Wikibook covers this version.
Please note that within these two versions of TI-BASIC, there are slight variations.

## Table of Contents

This table of contents arranges the sections in the best order possible for those who are trying to learn the language. However, if you are already familiar with TI-BASIC, you may decide to skip certain sections.
* Introduction - What this book covers and how to read it
* Necessary Items - What you need to begin programming
* Hello, World! - How to write your first program
* Basic Variables - How to use reals, strings, and lists
* Output - How to display values and strings to the screen
* Input - How to get and use user input
* Conditional Statements - How to dynamically change the program
* Loops - How to repeat sections of code
* Advanced Variables - How to use other variable types
* GetKey - How to use precise user input via keypresses
* Goto and Lbl - How to jump to different sections in code
* Menus - Display several options for user selection
* Errors - How to handle when a program encounters an error
* Tips, Tricks and Optimizations - Use these tricks to reduce your code's footprint
* Advanced Programming - How to apply advanced tricks to your program
* Programming Games - How program simple games
* Appendix A: List of Commands

## External Links
### Learning and Programming TI-BASIC

Here are the manuals that come with TI calculators from the Texas Instruments website, which can be used to learn TI-BASIC.
* TI 83 (See Chapter 16)
* TI 83 Plus (See Chapter 16)
* TI 83 Plus Silver Edition (See Chapter 16)
* TI 84 Plus (See Chapter 16)
* TI 84 Plus Silver Edition (See Chapter 16)
* TI 89 (See Chapter 17)
* TI 89 Titanium (See Chapter 18)
* TI 92 Plus (See Chapter 17)
* Voyage 200 (See Chapter 18)