# Miskito/Subject index

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Use this index to look up any grammatical point or term, prefix, suffix or other grammatically relevant item (in Miskito or English) covered in the course. Just click on the first letter below and then scroll down until you find the item you are looking for in the alphabetical list on the left. On the right-hand side you will see a brief specification or explanation of the point. Hover the mouse pointer over an item in the alphabetical list to see which lesson covers it. For more information, clicking on the link will take you to the relevant section.
A
a
kum
-a
ligature
a-verbs
conjugation
ai
his, her
-aia
infinitive
-aisa
future tense
aisaia
irregular: aisaras
an
kum
and
bara
-an
past tense
ani
which
ani wina
where from
anira
where
ditto
where to
anything
diara
apia
no
apia kaia
negation of kaia
apia sa
isn't/aren't
are
sa
at
ra
au
yes
aula
comes (present)
auya
goes (present)
B
ba
the
baha
determiner
ditto
that
baha wina
from there
bahara
there
balaia
come (irregular)
ditto
come (present)
banghwaia
plural auxiliary
bara
and then, and so
bara sa
there is/are
be
infinitive: kaia
ditto
present: sna, sma, sa
C
compound nouns
use of ligature in
ditto
prias watla
compound verbs
hilp munaia
ditto
laik/nu/want kaia
connectors
bara
D
definite article
ba
demonstrative determiners
naha, baha
demonstrative pronouns
naha, baha
dia
what
diara
anything
direct object
-ra with animates
E
exclusive vs. inclusive
yang nani, yawan
F
from
wina
future tense
-aisa
ditto
-aisna, -aisma, -aisa
G
gender
no grammatical gender distinctions
genitive
use of ligature
H
here
nahara
hilp munaia
compound verb
I
I, me
yang
-i
my
-i participle
imperfect (-i kan)
ditto
present tense formation
ditto
with banghwaia
i-verbs
briaia, piaia
ditto
conjugation
imperfect
-i kan
in
ra
inclusive we
yawan
inclusive vs. exclusive
yawan, yang nani
infinitive
-aia
is
sa
-isa
present tense
-isa, -isma, -isna
present tense
isn't
apia sa
K
-ka
ligature
kaia
be (infinitive)
ditto
be (present)
ditto
compound verbs with ~
ki
question particle
kum
a, an
kum kum
some
L
laik kaia
to like
li
ligature: laya
ligature
-ka
ditto
-(y)a
loan words
hilp munaia
ditto
laik/nu/want kaia
M
-m
your
mairin
irregular ligature form
man
personal pronouns
man nani
you (plural)
my
-i
N
na
this
naha
determiner
ditto
this
naha wina
from here
nahara
here
nani
plural marker
nani (with personal pronouns)
plural marker
negation
apia sa
ditto
-ras
negation
-ras + kaia
no
apia
nothing
diara
nu kaia
know
O
on
ra
other
wala
P
pali
very
past tense
-an
past tenses
simple past, imperfect, negative
personal pronouns
yang, man, witin, yawan
personal pronouns (plural)
yang nani, man nani, witin nani
plural
nani
plural personal pronouns
yang nani, man nani, witin nani
plural verbs
same forms as singular
ditto
auxiliary banghwaia
postpositions
ra
prepositions
→ postpositions
present tense
-isa
ditto
-isna, -isma, -isa
prias watla
compound noun
Q
questions
ki
R
ra
in, on, at
ditto
to
ditto
object marker
-ras
negative verb form
-ras + kaia
negative
S
sa
are
ditto
is
ditto
often omitted
simple past
-an, vs. imperfect
sma
(you) are
sna
(I) am
some
kum kum
subject
omission of
ditto
position of
T
takaia
lan/wark ~
that
baha
ditto
baha ... -ka
the
ba
there
bahara
there is/are
bara sa
they
witin nani
this
na
ditto
naha
ditto
naha ... -ka
to
ra
tuktan
irregular ligature form
V
very
pali
W
waia
go (irreguar)
ditto
go (present)
wal
with
wala
other
wan
our (inclusive)
want kaia
want
we
exclusive: yang nani
ditto
inclusive: yawan
what
dia
where
anira
who
ya
whom
yaura
wina
from
with
wal
witin
he, she
ditto
personal pronouns
witin nani
they
word order
verb-final
Y
ya
who
-ya
ligature
yang
I, me
ditto
personal pronouns
yang nani
we (exclusive)
yaura
whom
yawan
we (inclusive)
ditto
personal pronouns
ditto
versus yang nani
yes
au
you
man
ditto
plural: man nani
your
-m :