OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ruby Programming/Standard Library/Tracer
## Tracer

Ruby's built-in "tracer.rb" file shows you method by method which lines are called. To use it:
for example, the following code:
produces the following result:
# Ruby Programming/Standard Library/mkmf
## general usage

The general usage of mkmf.rb file is typically to be something like what autoconf/automake/configure are for Linux programs--it determines appropriate compile/link options, then compiles files against them.
Typically you'd have a
at the top of an extconf.rb file, within a gem.
The general usage is to then edit some global variables ("magic" variables), which will be used for the compile line.
and you'll possibly have to edit CONFIG['xxx'] to add more directives into the build process.
And then at the end of your extconf.rb file
This will create a file Makefile, which will compile all .{c,cpp} files in the current directory to .o files, then link them all together into name_of_final_lib.so
Note that within said name_of_final_lib.so file, it will have to have a method Init_filename, which will be run at load time when the .so file is first loaded.
There are more instructions here near the bottom for how to use it.
# Ruby Programming/Standard Library/Open3

You’ll notice there’s IO.popen but not IO.popen3. Do a require 'open3' to get that one (like Open3.popen3).
The difference between popen and popen3 is that popen3 provides you access to the input and output streams of the process. Note also that if one of the pipes passed to you get written to (by the process) a lot, it might block, so you'll need to read from those streams.
# Ruby Programming/Standard Library/Profiler
### Description

Ruby has a "pure ruby" profiler that comes with the standard lib.
To use it
or
somewhere in your script (it will profile after that point). See profile.rb file
to see an example of how it starts itself.
This will work with any version of Ruby, but doesn't accommodate for multiple threads, and it uses uses set_trace_func, which is slow.
If you're on MRI, checkout the ruby-prof gem as a C'ified profiler that works much faster and accommodates for threads. Jruby also has a jruby-prof gem.
# Ruby Programming/Standard Library/WIN32OLE

WIN32OLE
Is a helper class for windows OLE, which is used to control other programs like excel, etc.
See a tutorial.
Another example usage.
# Ruby Programming/Standard Library/Win32::Registry

The source code itself is also pretty useful.

# How to do a simple query (values)

With the win32 registry, keys mean “subkey” (like a folder), and values mean “subentry” (like file).
This example shows how to look at values:
or
which results in:
and this example shows you how to look at keys:
which results in:

# Default tutorial

This code is given in the registry.rb file (doesn’t show up in the normal rdocs for some reason)

# Win32::Registry.create

Note also that you can do nested creates in a single call, like “software\\classes\\*\\shell\\abc\\subdir\\subdir”

# How to write default values:

Write default values ("Default" in regedit) by passing nil as the name, ex:

## More complex example

This code adds an option to the context menu with you right click on any file.

### Related links

* http://rubyforge.org/snippet/detail.php?type=snippet&id=13
* ↑ https://github.com/jruby/jruby/blob/ec40f3789385a64b0286f2771b00c1b4217d409d/lib/ruby/stdlib/win32/registry.rb
# Pathname

To use it:
# Win32API

The Win32API is basically an easy way to designate the parameters and return value of a function in windows (for example, one contained in user32.dll), and call it.
Note that Win32API is deprecated in Ruby 1.9.2, but there will probably always be a Win32API gem around, or an ffi wrapper to it.
Note also that you may as well just use ffi, which has many windows examples available. Another option would be to use DL.

## External References

an example a tutorial
# Sport Innovation/Power Plate® powerBIKE™/Pros and Cons

Pros and Cons
Pros
* time advantage: a major advantage of the powerBIKE™ lies in the tremendous time savings as endurance training is combined simultaneously with a strength training. The Power Plate® powerBIKE™ combines positive effects of an intense whole body vibration training with those of a cardiovascular endurance training.
* individual settings for all training levels: another big advantage is that all beginners, advanced and professional athletes can train with the powerBIKE™ as individual settings are possible. For beginners it is recommended to train about six minutes with active vibration, advanced athletes can instead train up to 12 minutes and professionals up to 18 minutes with the vibration. Also it is possible to switch the vibrations off at any time.
* higher intensive and more effective interval workouts: by using the vibrations it is possible to train with a much higher intensity in intervals and therefore achieve much faster the wanted results, e.g. loss of weight, increase of speed and strength in road cycling (road cyclists) and strength in mountain biking.
Cons
* limitations of training (contra-indications): before starting the training or therapy with the Whole Body Vibration Method it is recommended to clarify possible contra-indications amongst others imflammatory processes, thrombosis, hip-replacements, open wounds, operations less than 6 weeks, high-level osteoporosis, pregnancy, ongoing chemotherapy and cancer treatment.
* powerBIKE™ still in babyshoes: the first pilot studies have been run by the University of Greenwich, UK, but only with a small number of participants. Long-term effects of the powerBIKE™ use haven't been shown yet. For an effective training and therapy these effects are eligible.
# Sport Innovation/Recovery Techniques in Team Sports/Outcomes

Background
Background
Phases of Methodology
Outcomes
Firstly, the authors successfully induced a muscle damage following exhaustive simulated team sport exercise as indicated by the Likert scale and plasma CK levels (131% increase) 24 hours post exercise. Therefore a recovery process is necessary to regain performance standard, and the project has been validated. The aim of the project was to assess the efficacy of a certain type of recovery method, and given that there was team sport exercise induced muscle damage, recovery method could be associated with regaining optimal performance capabilities.
There were only 11 athletes in the study. This small sample size could limit the credibility of the scientific findings. A project involving a larger sample size and varied athletes within the sample would increase the support for the findings of this project. The sample of athletes was also undefined as to their level of sporting performance. The athletes were volunteers with team sport experience. This does not indicate that they are elite team sport players. Therefore it is difficult to assume that what has worked for these athletes, will work for elite players. They also do not acknowledge the effect of factors effecting recovery such as nutrition, compression garments or sleep. While these are factors that are very hard to control, if the athletes within a certain group varied on these factors then the regaining of performance capabilities can not be necessarily be attributed to the recovery modalities.
However, following the COLD recovery modality, 24 hours post, there were significant improvements in level of muscle soreness when compared to both the control and CWI recovery modalities. 48 hours post-exercise, the COLD group of athletes was the closest to their pre-exercise test scores, whereas the control group and the CWI groups had significantly lower test scores. Therefore, the authors succeeded in the aim of the project to determine the efficacy of cold-water immersion and contrast water immersion as a team sport exercise recovery modality. They also proved their hypothesis wrong, as they had suggested that the COLD and CWI would not be any different from each other in terms of their effect on regaining optimal performance capabilities and decreasing muscle soreness, when in fact the COLD modality had the greatest success in gaining both. This has allowed them to make more precise recommendations to the stakeholders in the project. Given that the main reason for research projects in the field of exercise and sport science is to improve the performance of athletes and allow them to gain the competitive edge for ultimate sporting success, despite a few limitations to the study, this project has assisted in determining a recovery modality that will improve performance in team sports. Therefore it could be said that the project was successful.
References
# Sport Innovation/Power Plate® powerBIKE™/Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions
    No, at the moment it is not yet possible to synchronise the powerBIKE™ with video footage of a particular course. Some ideas exist to run similar programs as the Indoor Cycling Group does with the Myride®.
    The expected price for the powerBIKE™ in Australia is ~ AUD 4.500. It isn't launched yet, instead of Germany where it was launched in spring 2012 for 3.980€.
    No, there everyone can use the powerBIKE™ according to their fitness level. See program examples.
    Yes, it is possible to operate the powerBIKE™ by oneself. The user only needs to choose the resistance and switch the vibrations on if needed. But it is recommended to first get a introductory training with a trainer and regard the contra-indications. It is then possible either to train on someone's own, in a small group or in a big group. Same ideas exist to run programs and classes as it is run with the Myride® program.
    The powerBIKE™ was developed for the elite sports, fitness and health market. One example was presented in 2011 when the Dutch professional cycling team Rabobank started the initial training on the powerBIKE™. For Power Plate® it was a big promotion being able to show the ‘extraordinary invention’ especially on elite athletes. Robert Gesink, leading Tour de France rider of the cycling team Rabobank, and the trainer Louis Delahaije presented numerous positive effects within the team. They say ‘the powerBIKE™ has quickly become an essential part of their training regime for the world’s most iconic cycling race.’ Other examples for the use are: gyms, fitness centres, physiotherapy centres, private use, personal trainers, elite sports groups.
# Sport Innovation/Power Plate® powerBIKE™/Method of Whole Body Vibration

Method of Whole Body Vibration
The Whole Body Vibration is the method which powerBIKE™ is equipped with.
The original Whole Body Vibration Training (WBV) stands for the transfer of mechanical vibrations onto the body via a WBV platform.
Currently the most common WBV platforms used are Power Plate® and Galileo. Initially WBV training was mainly used in the fitness industry, but has been expanding into the wellness sector, professional sports sector (e.g. Formula 1, Golf), physical therapy and rehabilitation (Kelderman, 2001) as either a supplement to the regular treatment and training or main equipment.
The average WBV machine consists of a vibration platform (e.g. Power Plate® pro5™ 87 cm by 107 cm, Galileo Advance 65 cm by 61 cm) and mostly handlebars. The vibrations are generated by motors underneath the platform and then transmitted to the exerciser standing on or in front of the machine. During these vibrations the exerciser is either holding static poses or performing dynamic exercises, depending on the individual training goal: stretch, balance, core, strength, massage or full workouts.
The intensity of the Whole Body Vibration platforms is defined by the frequency, amplitude, magnitude and direction and might vary between the common WBV brands.
The effects of WBV have been discussed and voluminous research has been going on since the 60s (see ‘History of WBV). Numerous studies show:
* positive effects on the neuromuscular system and blood circulation,
* increased muscle strength,
* positive influence on the mobility, muscular tension and passive structures,
* faster results when compared to conventional training methods (Link to study and Advertisement PP),
* massive reduction of pain caused by arthritis,
* increasing hip bone mineral density in road cyclists
History of Whole Body Vibration
In the 60s the first scientific effects have been shown by Prof. Dr. Biermann (Ex-DDR). In the 70s ongoing development was achieved by researchers and scientists in the Sowjet Union (Dr. Nasarov) and it was published that Russian cosmonauts, who used vibration training technology, had stayed for 420 days outer space; American cosmonauts, who didn’t use vibration training technology, only 120 days. 1999 on Guus van der Meer, trainer of various national sports teams in the Netherlands developed the Power Plate® Classic. From then on Power Plate®’s popularity has been increasing and it became known as a machine used in the fitness, beauty, wellness and anti-aging industry. Famous sports clubs are equipped with the Power Plate®, for example the German National Soccer Club, the Paralympic Skiteam Alpin and the German Ski National Club.
# Sport Innovation/Recovery Techniques in Team Sports

Introduction
Background
Phases of Methodology
Outcomes
References
# Sport Innovation/Recovery Techniques in Team Sports/Background

Introduction
Background
Project Feasibility
Through research, the authors could identify a gap in the scientific literature in regards to the effective recovery methods and periods in team sports. This could affect an athlete’s performance, and their ultimate success. Therefore it was necessary to investigate this gap in the scientific literature, to better improve the performance capabilities during competition of team sports athletes.
Project Specification
By researching what other authors have done in the area of recovery modalities and recovery time periods following exhaustive exercise, the authors could distinguish their aim for the project. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of both COLD and CWI as recovery methods in the 48-hour period following simulated team sport exercise.
They then had to determine the objectives of the project. These were:
* To determine the effects of COLD and/or CWI as part of post exhaustive exercise recovery modality.
* To determine if these effects are different after participating in simulated team sports compared with basic exercise (as reported in the literature).
* To identify if 48 hours is sufficient for COLD and/or CWI recovery techniques to return to optimal performance capability.
The authors would be able to successfully evaluate the success of their project based on these objectives. The authors hypothesized that COLD & CWI would be better than the control group at returning athletes to their pre exhaustive exercise performance capabilities, but not better than each other.
Stakeholders
The key stakeholders that stand to benefit from this project are essentially team sport athletes. If this research paper can successfully prove a better way to recover in terms of muscle damage and return to optimal performance capability, then this will assist athletes to perform better than they could previous to this project. Another key stakeholder in this project is the University of Western Australia, as they are the financiers. They are providing all the resources for the project, with the exception of the Department of Biochemistry at Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, who are providing the testing of markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Therefore, they would desire the successful completion of the project. The authors also needed to find a suitable sample for the project. They decided on males aged 27.5±6.0 years that have team sport experience and agreed to voluntarily participate in the study. This is cost effective.
Priorities Performance is the preferred priority for this project, with time being fixed. The testing of the athletes needs to be completed within a certain time frame. The cost of this project is flexible, as the scientific controls of the study need to be of the highest standard to ensure the validity of the project. However, the cost of this project would mostly be based around the payment of the project staff as well as payment for the biochemical testing, since the university is providing the equipment and venues. Phases of Methodology
# Solitaire card games/Betsy Ross

This game is largely similar to Calculation except that there isn't a tableau, and there is only one waste pile instead of four

## Play

To begin the game, four cards (regardless of suit) are removed from the deck and placed in a row: an ace, a two, a three, and a four. Another four cards are placed in a row below those four cards: a two, a four, a six, and an eight. The table below shows how this is arranged:
| A | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
The cards on the second row compose the foundations themselves, while the cards on the row above denote how the cards should be built on the foundations. The foundation placed under the ace starts with the two and it is built in ones. The foundation under the two starts with the four and it is built in twos, and so on. The table below shows how the foundations should be built:
| Signs & Foundations | A | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | J | Q | K |
| Signs & Foundations | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | Q | A | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | J | K |
| Signs & Foundations | 3 | 6 | 9 | Q | 2 | 5 | 8 | J | A | 4 | 7 | 10 | K |
| Signs & Foundations | 4 | 8 | Q | 3 | 7 | J | 2 | 6 | 10 | A | 5 | 9 | K |
The game is won when every card from the stock is built on the foundations. The game is lost, however, if it ends with cards still on the wastepile that cannot be transferred to the foundations.
# Solitaire card games/Baroness

This game is also known as Five Piles and Thirteens. The object of the game is to remove pairs of cards that add up to 13

## Rules

* Five cards are dealt in a row; they will form the bases of the five piles, the top cards of which are available for play.
* In order to win, one has to remove Kings and pairs of cards that total 13. In this game, spot cards are taken at face value, Jacks value at 11, Queens 12, and Kings 13. So the following combinations of cards are discarded:
* Queen and Ace
* Jack and 2
* 10 and 3
* 9 and 4
* 8 and 5
* 7 and 6
* Kings on their own.
* When gaps occur, they are filled by the top cards of the other piles; but when there are not enough cards to do this (less than five), cards from the stock are used.
* When gaps are filled and no kings and/or pairs of cards totalling 13 are present, five new cards are dealt from the stock, one onto each pile. Game play then continues, with the top cards of each pile, as mentioned above, are available. This cycle of discarding and dealing of new cards goes on until the stock has been used up.
* The game is won when all cards have been discarded.
# Solitaire card games/Bowling

This game was invented by Eurogame design legend Sid Sackson in the 1970s (Doctorow). It is a unique and fun solitaire game using one deck of playing cards. The object of the game is to try to fill as many Pins as possible for each of the ten frames.

## Layout

Bowling has ten Pin Piles. The Deck is located at the right and turns up one card at a time. There are two Ball Piles located below the Deck. The two Ball Piles can contain up to three cards each. The scoring frame is located either above or below the gameplay.

## Rules

To begin playing, turn up one card at a time. The card turned up must be planted on one of the Pin Piles, or placed onto one of the Ball Piles. All the Pin Piles should be filled in order from lowest ranking cards (towards the bottom) to the highest ranking cards (towards the top right). There are only ten Pins, but there are thirteen ranks of cards. The difficult part of this game is anticipating what ranks will not be drawn from the Deck.
Here is an example of a possible arrangement (Tesseract Mobile):
Only a ten or a Jack can be placed onto the empty Pin between the nine and Queen. Only a six can fill the empty space between the five and seven. Place multiple cards of the same rank into the same piles. If a three or an eight is drawn, they must be put in the Ball Pile because it cannot be placed with the Pins. Bowling solitaire is scored the same way regular Bowling is scored (Bowling SoliTaire!). To get a Strike, fill all the Pins before placing a card in the Ball Pile. To receive a Spare, fill all Pins before placing cards into the second Ball Pile. After both Ball Piles have been filled with three cards each, that round of the game will end. The game consists of ten rounds.
# Solitaire card games/Amazons

This single-deck game requires you to remove some cards from the deck. This game is so named because if the game is won, all queens are shown on full view.

## Play

* Remove all 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and K's from the deck.
* Deal four cards. They would be the reserve.
* Above it is a space for the foundations.
* Once an ace is available, it is placed on the foundations and each ace should be placed in order on which they become available.
* The first four cards dealt are the bases of the reserve piles, the top card of each being available only to the foundation immediately above it.
* The exception to this rule is a queen can be moved to its foundation from any pile.
* The order of placing is A-7-8-9-10-J-Q.
* When play goes on a standstill, four more cards are then dealt, one on each reserve pile, and stop to see if any of the cards dealt can be placed on the foundations.
* Spaces are not filled until the next deal.
* This process is repeated until the stock runs out.
* When it does, a new stock is formed by placing each pile over its right-hand neighbor, turn them face down and deal; this should be done without reshuffling.
* The process of dealing the cards, building to the foundations, and redealing, is repeated without limits until the game is won or lost.
* The game is won when all cards are built onto the foundations, with the queens at the top.`
# Solitaire card games/Baker's Dozen

This game is so called because there are 13 columns in the game.

## Rules

* Deal the cards cards are dealt into columns of four on the tableau, resulting in 13 columns.
* Any King that is in the top or middle of each column must be placed on the bottom before the game starts. Two Kings that are mixed into one column are placed on the bottom without changing their order
* The object of the game is to build all the cards onto the four foundations.
* You must first free up the four aces and if one of them is found, it is placed on the foundation.
* Building on the foundation is up by suit, each from ace to king.
* Only the top cards of each column can are available, and cards on the tableau, if they cannot be placed on the foundations yet, can be built down regardless of suit.
* Furthermore, once all cards are taken out of a column, the column can never be filled.
* The game is won when all cards end up in the foundations.

## Variations

Here are some variations of Baker's Dozen:
* In Spanish Patience, foundations are built up regardless of suit.
* Castles in Spain is akin to Spanish Patience, but the cards in the tableau are built down by alternate color.
* In Good Measure, two aces are taken out and placed on the foundations while the rest of the deck is shuffled and laid out in columns of five cards, resulting in 10 columns. Like in Baker's Dozen, Kings that are at the top or in the middle of their respective columns are placed at the bottom and the game proceeds in the process stated above.
* Portuguese Solitaire is halfway between Baker's Dozen and Spanish Patience because empty columns can only be filled with Kings.