OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# World Stamp Catalogue/Austrian Post Abroad
## Austrian Post Offices Abroad

* Postage stamps and postal history of Austria
* Austrian post offices in Crete
* Austrian post offices in Liechtenstein
* Austrian post offices in the Ottoman Empire
# World Stamp Catalogue/B
### B

* Baden
* Bahamas
* Bahawalpur
* Bahrain
* Bangkok
* Bangladesh
* Barbados
* Batum
* Bavaria
* Bechuanaland
* Belarus
* Belgian Congo
* Belgian Post Abroad
* Belgium
* Belize
* Benin
* Bergedorf
* Berlin
* Bermuda
* Bhutan
* Biafra
* Bohemia and Moravia
* Bolívar (Columbia)
* Bolivia
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Botswana
* Boyacá (Columbia)
* Brazil
* British Antarctic Territory
* British Central Africa
* British Columbia (Canada)
* British East Africa
* British Guiana
* British Honduras
* British Post Abroad
* British Virgin Islands
* Brunei
* Bulgaria
* Bulgarian Territories
* Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
* Burma
* Burundi
* Bushire
# World Stamp Catalogue/Bangkok
## Bangkok

* Postage stamps and postal history of Bangkok
# World Stamp Catalogue/Azerbaijan
## Azerbaijan

* Postage stamps and postal history of Azerbaijan
# US History/Keywords1
## Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracy (1800-1840)

strict v. broad interpretation (of Constitution) Revolution of 1800 Alexis de Tocqueville Monroe Doctrine Marbury v Madison Clay's American System Whig Party Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Haitian Rebellion Embargo Act impressments War of 1812 War Hawks Hartford Convention Era of Good Feelings cotton gin (Eli Whitney) Erie Canal Lowell factory system Transcendentalists Emerson Thoreau Hawthorne Seneca Falls Republican motherhood Horace Mann Dorothea Dix William Lloyd Garrison Monroe Doctrine

### Jackson

Jackson's Indian policy Indian Removal Act Supreme Court and the Cherokees Chief Justice John Marshall Trail of Tears Tariff of Abominations Nullification crisis in South Carolina (1832) Webster-Hayne Debates Force Bill (1833) Second Bank of the US

## Manifest Destiny and Sectionalism (1820-1860)

Republican Party Free-Soil Party "Bleeding Kansas"

### Treks

Gold Rush 49er Donner Party Joseph Smith Book of Mormon
← Keywords · Keywords2 →
# US History/Keywords2
## Civil War and Reconstruction (1860-1877)

Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln First Battle of Manasses (Bull Run) Second Battle of Manasses (Bull Run)

## New South, Old West, Gilded Age, Populism, Imperialism (1870-1900)

Jim Crow Ku Klux Clan Sinmiyangyo Charles H. Winfield

## 1900-WWI

aeroplane Silent Film RMS Titanic RMS Brittanic

## World War I

War to End All Wars World War Kaiser Hoch, hoch der Kaiser! von Hindenburg ist mein Vater! Tsar Austria-Hungary Flying Circus Trotsky Мы - We (Novel) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk The Lost Battalion
← Keywords1 · Keywords3 →
# US History/Keywords
## Pre Colonial America

Aztecs Incas Mayas human sacrifice tribe

## Nomads and Barbarians

Viking Goth Visagoth Vandal Conan Huns Kutriguri Joseph of Aramathea Britania Nordic Theory Iceland

## Colonial America (1600-1763)

Jamestown John Rolfe Captain John Smith Powhattan House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact Pilgrims Plymouth (Massachusetts Bay Colony) William Bradford Separatists Puritans John Winthrop Halfway Covenant Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson Deism Great Awakening George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards Old Lights v. New Lights
Indentured servitude Salutary neglect Enlightenment Glorious Revolution Leisler's Rebellion Sir Edmond Andros Bacon's Rebellion French and Indian War Proclamation of 1763 William Penn mercantilism Toleration Act of 1649 Navigation Acts Molasses Act Hat Act Iron Act Stamp Act

## American Revolution (1750-1800)

Proclamation of 1763 Paxton Boys Regulators Stamp Act Stact Congress Virtual v Actual Representation Samuel Adams Tea Act Boston Tea Party Intolerable of Coercive Acts Thomas Paine's Common Sense Sons of Liberty Patrick Henry Franco-American Alliance (1778) Treaty of Paris (1783) Shay's Rebellion

## Birth of a Nation (1780s)

Articles of Confederation Northwest Ordinance of 1785 Shay's Rebellion Great Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise Federalists Anti-Federalists Federalist Papers Bill of Rights First Bank of the United States Alexander Hamiltion Federalist Party Judiciary Act of 1789 Pinckney Treaty Jay's Treaty Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Washington's Neutrality Proclamation Washington's Farewell Address XYZ Affair
← Authors · Keywords1 →
# US History/Keywords3
## Roaring 20s (Lost Generation)

Gay 80s Gay 90s Women's Suffrage Prohibition Red Scare Second International income tax "New Negro" Jazz Esperanto League of Nations (United Nations) Cheaper by the Dozen The Sun Also Rises Al "Scarface" Capone "Bugs" Muran Valentine's Day Massacre Bonnie and Clyde anti-Modernism

## Depression

Hoover Third Riff War Lina Medina Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)

### Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española)

Popular Front Francisco Franco Calros Garcias Pope Pius XII Ernest Hemingway For Whom the Bell Tolls Tierra Española

## World War II

Free World Slave World mind control Josef Stalin Adolf Hitler Emperor Hirohito Swastika Nazi fascist yellow star total war (totalier Kreig) SNAFU Winston Churchill D-Day Pearl Harbor Allies
← Keywords2 · Keywords4 →
# Teaching Elementary School Health Education/Personal Health and Physical Activity/Regular Physical Activity
## Health Benefits

* People who are usually inactive can improve their health and well-being by becoming even moderately active on a regular basis.
* Physical activity need not be strenuous to achieve health benefits.
* Greater health benefits can be achieved by increasing the amount of physical activity.

## Guidelines for Youth

* Children should accumulate at least sixty minutes and up to several hours of age-appropriate physical activity on all, or most days of the week.
* Children should participate in several bouts of physical activity lasting fifteen minutes or more each day.
* Children should participate each day in a variety of age-appropriate physical activities designed to achieve optimal health, wellness, fitness, and performance benefits.
* Extended periods of inactivity (more than two hours) are discouraged especially during the daytime.
# Teaching Elementary School Health Education/Personal Health and Physical Activity/Physical Examinations

A physical examination is a series of tests that measure health status.
Main Points
Physical examinations may be performed by a physician with assistance from other health care professionals.
A person should have a physical examination at least every two years. -Ideally school-age children should have a physical exam each year.
Physical exams are important because they give parents an opportunity to determine their child's growth and development.
A physician should be contacted when a person has any of the following symptoms:
* Shortness of breathe
* Loss of appetite for no obvious reason
* Blood in urine
* Blood in mucus or saliva
* A constant cough
* Swelling, stiffness, or aching in the joints
* Severe pain in any body part
* Frequent or painful urination
* Sudden weight gain/loss
* Dizziness
* Any warning signs of cancer
* Any warning signs of heart attach or stroke
# Teaching Elementary School Health Education/Personal Health and Physical Activity/Skill-Related Fitness

Fitness skills are skills that can be used in sports and physical activities.

## The Six Fitness Skills

* Agility - the ability to rapidly change the position of the body.
* Balance - the ability to keep from falling when in a still position or moving.
* Coordination - the ability to use the senses together with body parts during movement.
* Reaction Time - is the time it takes a person to move after hearing, seeing, feeling, or touching a stimulus.
* Speed - the ability to move quickly
* Power - the ability to combine strength and speed.
# Teaching Elementary School Health Education/Personal Health and Physical Activity/Eye Care

Eye examinations, correcting refractive errors, understanding eye conditions, and protecting eyes are important ways to preserve sense of sight.
People who have the sense of sight use it to acquire more than 80% of their knowledge.
Terms to know:
Correcting Refractive Errors
* Bifocals - (glasses) are lenses that correct for both close and distant vision.
* Radial keratotomy- is a type of surgery that improves myopia by changing the curve of the cornea.
* Photorefractive keratectomy -is laser surgery that reshapes the cornea to improve myopia.
# Teaching Elementary School Health Education/Personal Health and Physical Activity/Grooming

Grooming is keeping the body clean and having a neat appearance. Good grooming practices require the regular cleansing of hair, skin, nails, and feet, as well as wearing clean clothes.

## Hair Care

Hair is properly washed by wetting it thoroughly with warm water and working shampoo into the hair with the fingertips until there is a good lather. Thorough rinsing removes suds and loosen scalp flakes. A towel is then used to squeeze extra water from the hair and pat it dry.

## Skin Care

* Skin is the body's largest organ.
* Skin protects the body from the invasion of microbial agents and ultraviolet rays.
* Excessively dry skin can be treated with various lotions.
* Excessively oily skin usually requires more frequent washing to remove collected oil and dirt from skin surface and pores.
* Proper application of sunscreen may be important to avoid harmful sun exposure and sunburn. While sunscreen may reduce sunburn, the effectiveness of sunscreens to prevent skin cancer has been questioned.
* Within the skin, there are millions of cells that make up nerve endings, blood vessels, and sweat glands.

## Nail Care

* The fingernails can collect dirt and bacteria.
* The nails should be trimmed regularly to keep them clean.
* Nails should be trimmed straight across and not too close to the skin.
* It is important to not bite or pick at fingernails or cuticles.
# Teaching Elementary School Health Education/Personal Health and Physical Activity/Rest and Sleep

Adequate rest and sleep are essential to keep mentally alert, maintain a good disposition, stay physically well, and maintain proper growth.

## Types of Sleep

* Rapid Eye Movement (REM) is the deepest stage of sleep.
* Nonrapid Eye Movement (NREM) period of sleep in which the eyes are relaxed.

## The Need for Sleep

Inadequate sleep and sleep loss can have serious effects.
* Increased risk of unintentional injuries
* Low grades and poor school performance
* Negative moods
* Increased use of stimulants
# Transportation Geography and Network Science/About

Transportation Geography and Network Science is a wikibook originated in the Spring 2011 by CE5180: Transportation Geography and Network Science at the University of Minnesota (instructor Prof. David Levinson). This wikibook introduces the intersections of theory and applications in Transportation Geography and Network Science. It covers the basics of networks and how transportation systems function on them. It describes how to characterize networks, (topology, hierarchy, morphology), and how that affects the use of those networks. The course is a mix between a lecture and a student-led seminar, with students responsible for researching and presenting on a number of the topics, as well as developing lecture notes in a wikibook format.
There are many excellent texts on Transportation Geography and several in the emerging field of Network Science. This book does not aim to duplicate them (though there is of course some overlap), but rather to connect these two fields which have separately emerged, as well as providing special topics on related fields.
Authors include:
* David Levinson
* Carlos Carrion
* Indrajit Chatterjee
* Xuan Cheng
* Mengying Cui
* Ahmed El-Geneidy
* Alireza Ermagun
* John Fahrendorf
* Yiheng Feng
* Jason Houle
* Arthur Huang
* Michael Iacono
* Fan Jia
* Elisha Langat
* Yuxuan Li
* Stephen Miller
* Brendan Murphy
* Shima Nassiri
* Nicklaus Ollrich
* Andrew Owen
* Chelsey Palmateer
* Pavithra Parthasarathi
* Shaker Rabban
* Jessica Schoner
* Milad Shaddelan
* Toshihiro Yokoo
* Stephen Zitzow
# Transportation Geography and Network Science
## Introductory Material

* About
* Introduction
* What can Transportation Geography and Network Science teach each other?

## Graphs

* Dijkstra's Algorithm
* Graph theory

## Analyzing Networks

* Spatial Econometrics

## Accessibility

* Accessibility

## Characterizing Networks

* Characterizing Graphs
* Mobility
* Centrality
* Circuity
* Topology
* Hierarchy
* Morphology
* Legibility
* Space syntax
* Connectivity

## Network Performance

* Reliability
* Resilience
* Robustness
* Vulnerability

## Network Topologies

* Scaling and size
* Random graphs
* Small-world network
* Scale-free network
* Hub and spoke network

## Transport Network Technologies

* Modal selection
* Road networks
* Public transit networks
* Freight rail networks
* Pipeline networks
* Taxi networks
* Shared micromobility networks
* Bicycle networks
* Last mile problem
* Last meter problem

## Electrical Network Technologies

* Electric grid
* Telephony
* Telegraphy
* Wireless networks
* Internet
* Broadcast networks

## Civil Engineering Networks

* Physical structures
* Water and wastewater distribution

## Social Networks

* Social networks

## Flows and Walks

* Flows on Networks
* Spatial Interaction
* Agglomeration

## Evolving Networks

* Network grammars
* Network formation
* Network growth models
* Network design problem (NDP)
* Network flexibility and adaptability

## Networks and Travel Behavior

* Time Geography
* Telecommunications networks and travel behavior
* Social networks and travel behavior
* Wayfinding

## Networks and biology

* Networks and animal behavior
* Epidemics on networks
* Circulatory system
* Neuronal networks

## Conclusions

* Conclusions

## Related Wikibooks

* Fundamentals of Transportation
* Transportation Economics

## Useful Off-site Resources

* SONG: Simulator of Network Growth
* SONIC: Simulator of Network Incremental Connection
* CLUSTER: Clustered Location of Urban Services, Transport, and Economic Resources
* ABODE: Agent Based Origin Destination Estimator
# Technology Supported Learning & Retention/Moodle FAQs

Moodle FAQs represents a collection of questions that have come up during the Technology to Support Student Learning & Retention (TSSLR) course that are related to the Moodle technology itself, rather than directly relating to instruction practices.
Catalyst / Moodle
Catalyst is the local name for our course management system which is actually Moodle. This is in line with our view that learning and instruction are key, technology is simply a catalyst.
cat·a·lyst /ˈkætlɪst/ –noun 1. Chemistry. a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. 2. something that causes activity between two or more persons or forces without itself being affected. 3. a person or thing that precipitates an event or change: His imprisonment by the government served as the catalyst that helped transform social unrest into revolution. 4. a person whose talk, enthusiasm, or energy causes others to be more friendly, enthusiastic, or energetic.
[Origin: 1900–05; cataly(sis) + (-i)st] Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.

### Frequently Asked Questions

* General functions - discussions, resources, wiki
* Student functions - assignments, quizzes, grades
* Administration functions - course structure, appearance, student tracking, grading

## General functions

General functions - discussions, resources, wiki

### wiki
## Student functions

Student functions - assignments, quizzes, grades

### grades
## Administration functions

Administration functions - course structure, appearance, student tracking, grading
# Technology Supported Learning & Retention/ePortfolio

ePortfolio
ePortfolio - a collection of products and processes selected and organized to highlight specific aspects of the portfolio creator and his or her work
Learning outcomes
* products - may contain photos, graphics, videos, written narratives and hypertext
* process - use technology to create, collect, organize, present, distribute
* literacy - competence
Consideration
* scope - course, school, lifelong
* audience - faculty, classmates, employers
* duration
* media - hosted service, removable media DVD
* reflection - personal information, privacy
Infrastructure requirements
* digital repository - content organization, management, access control
* content creation - applications, hardware
* media reformat
* instruction - why, what, how
* support
Assessment: Student Portfolios
A student portfolio is a collection of products and processes selected and organized to highlight specific aspects of the portfolio creator and his or her work. What goes into the portfolio depends on its purpose and usually includes reflection on the materials included and the portfolio as a whole. Portfolios may be required for a course, a major, or a career goal. Electronic portfolios may contain photos, graphics, videos, written narratives and hypertext links to organize the material.
The links provide information on portfolio development and examples of student portfolios. The links in the section on electronic portfolios could prove useful to students as they develop their own portfolios. http://fod.msu.edu/OIR/Assessment/portfolios.asp
NLIEE Report on the Use of ePortfolios in Higher Education
This white-paper is an overview of ePortfolio implementation. Three types of e-portfolios are described in this report: student e-portfolios, teaching e-portfolios, and institutional e-portfolios. E-portfolios can support student advisement, career preparation, and credential documentation; the sharing of teaching philosophies and practices; department and program self-studies; and institutional and program accreditation processes. This report defines and categorizes e-portfolios, offers examples of higher education e-portfolio implementations, reviews e-portfolio technology, and addresses adoption issues. http://connect.educause.edu/library/abstract/AnOverviewofEPortfol/39335
Becta Research Report http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=14007
Helen Barrett, E-Portfolios for Learning Helen Barrett links to and discusses the Becta report, Impact study of e-portfolios on learning , and in particular, displays an interesting graphic of “the three distinct components of an e-portfolio system: the digital archive (repository of evidence), tools to support different processes, and different presentation portfolios developed for different purposes and audiences.” http://electronicportfolios.org/blog/2007/07/becta-research-report.html
# Telecommunications Theory

To differentiate the field of Communication into sub classes may include a split from Communication Theory of Telecommunications theory. Communications has excellent subclasses already (small group communication, face-to-face communication, rhetoric and others) but the predominance and pervasive reality of mass media suggests at least a new field of study.
This book will build on the Communication Theory book already being worked on. For this book, we will deal exclusively with mass media messages mediated through technological forms. This covers telegraph, telephone, radio, television and the networked computer. In this case the channel in the standard communication model (transmitter – channel – receiver) will always be technologically related.
Like the Communication Theory book, this book approaches telecommunication theory from a biographical perspective, in an attempt to show theory development within a social context. Many of these theorists would not actually consider themselves "telecommunication" researchers. Like communications, the field of telecommunication study is remarkably inclusionary, and integrates theoretical perspectives originally developed in a range of other disciplines.
Sections to include:
* Reasons why telecommunications theory is needed
* Perspectives on Theory

## Theorists and Approaches to Telecommunications

To gain a comprehensive view of telecommunications theory, each approach theory or model will need its own page covering major points of the theory, its origin, criticisms and current state.
* Hypodermic Needle Theory
* Modeling and Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication
* Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP)
* Cultivation
* Constructions of Social Reality
* Accessibility Theory
* Media Dependency
* Agenda Setting Framing Priming
* 3rd Person Effect
* Uses and Gratifications
* Flow - Presence - Transportation Theory
* Diffusion and Gap Theories
# Technology Supported Learning & Retention/Suggestions

Reader / Participant Suggestions
If you have some ideas but don't want to "touch" the main text, please feel free to leave your suggestions here. They will be given careful consideration and rolled into the appropriate section of the text.
And, Thanks. We appreciate all the help we can get.
Here is a list of things we need help with if you are looking for a place to start. Further instructions can be found on the Notes to authors page. If you are also new to editing Wikis, then please register on Wikibooks, and read through this editing help page. Thanks for coming--we hope you stay and actively contribute!

## Your suggestions

just add your text here
don't worry about formatting - we will take care of that

## List of things we need help with

* Moodle groups function - how to use it, combinations of settings and what the results are in practice
* interesting questions to kick-start discussions about controversial teaching practices
* identifying errors and omissions
* good stories about some teaching practices

## Notes to authors

* don't be shy - we really appreciate any help
# TripleA/Units and their Special Abilities Overview
## Basic Units

The unit stats and special abilities here are Revised and later from a well known period game. Consult the game notes for the map you are playing (Help -> Game Notes...) for specifics. The 'Attacks at' and 'Defends at' combat values determine the chance the unit will score a hit in a round of combat. For each unit in combat, a six-sided die is rolled. If the result is less than or equal to the combat value, then it is a hit. Otherwise it is a miss. For example, when defending, infantry defends at 2. A roll of 1 or 2 would be a hit and a roll of 3-6 would be a miss.
| Name | Attacks at | Defends at | Movement | Special Abilities |
| Infantry | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| Artillery | 2 | 2 | 1 | When attacking with an infantry unit, that infantry unit will hit on 1 or 2 instead of just 1. |
| Tank | 3 | 3 | 2 | Can 'Blitz' through an empty, enemy-controlled territory with its first movement point and move on to another territory with its second movement point. |
| Fighter | 3 | 4 | 4 | Can land on Aircraft Carriers. |
| Bomber | 4 | 1 | 6 | Can also strategically bomb industrial complexes. |
| Submarine | 2 | 2 | 2 | Shoots before other units in combat. Casualties caused by Submarines do not get to return fire. Can submerge at any time (including before a battle begins). Can move past hostile ships but does not block hostile ships. |
| Transport | 0 | 0 | 2 | Can carry any one land unit, plus one infantry. See Revised Edition cargo rules. Does not fire in combat, and chosen as a casualty only if there are no other eligible units. |
| Destroyer | 2 | 2 | 2 | Negates all enemy Submarine special abilities when in the same territory as an enemy Submarine. |
| Cruiser | 3 | 3 | 2 | Can conduct shore bombardment in amphibious invasions. |
| Aircraft Carrier | 1 | 2 | 2 | Can carry two Fighters. |
| Battleship | 4 | 4 | 2 | Can conduct shore bombardment during amphibious attacks (when land units on transports unload to attack a territory). In most versions it takes 2 hits to destroy a Battleship. |