OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DarkBASIC Programming/Loops
### Day 10

Trust me loops are useful, they do tedious tasks and they're easy to work with.
Take for example a lottery program
The above way is for squares, and people without loop knowledge.
Done with a loop
Note from reader: You can't print "lottery(a)" as it does not exist, instead write this:
dim lottery(100) for a = 1 to 100 print a next a wait key
Using loops remember to indent it makes the program more human readable for others. With loops we can finally have more advanced input, input without variables, well some variables. Let's look at some loops then.
Repeat/Until
While/Endwhile
Do/Loop
Remember the only way to exit a loop is by quitting which is a no|no, the exit command which is the best way, or a gosub command. In some loops, the loop ends once a condition is met, and in others after a task is done it exits. If you paid attention you should know what I'm talking about. Day's over go eat, sleep, take a walk, whatever come back tomorrow!

### Day 11

This is the advanced input section, if we want a system key we can easily use commands like spacekey, etc. Go have a look at them, they are the easiest to understand, find out how to disable them from being able to be pressed in DarkBASIC also while you are there. For other keys there's two ways basically scancode(value) which is different per country's keyboard, a Spanish keyboard is different then a British one, and you have to find a value! Or you can use ASCII values, which has a humorous pronunciation(it's pronounced ass key :P). Find out what ASCII stands for at Wikipedia, just type it in the search box and there you go. You can find Wikipedia atCLICK HERE TO GO TO WIKIPEDIA in case your just curious because I forget I believe it's American Standard Code for Information Interchange. We will be using the ASCII because it's the same for every computer and no need to use numeric values.
Example:
Here's a key example
Remember A is different from a when using inkey$. Now the lesson's over with, for an assignment find out what ASCII stands for and experiment with the inkey$.
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Lizardo Garcia Ramis

Testimonials - Development Cooperation Handbook Steps and Tools
YouTube ⇒ playlist
Lizardo Garcia Ramis
Interview in Havana, Cuba on the 2 May 2015 by Carlo di Cicco for The Vrinda Project
Cuba Lizardo Garcia Ramis is a renown educationist in Cuba and the Director of the director del Central Institute of Educational Sciences (Instituto Central de Ciencias Pedagógicas - ICCP)
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Mercedes Del Carmen Ríos

Testimonials - Development Cooperation Handbook Steps and Tools
Interview on Youtube ⇒ playlist
Mercedes Del Carmen Ríos
Jefe Secretaría Distrital de Integración Social
Alcaldía Mayor De Bogotá D.C. Bogotá, Colombia , May 2011
Mercedes Del Carmen Ríos was interviewed by Francesco Brancatella (reporter of RAI - TG1 - Italy) and Stefano De Santis (TVP) in May 2011 in Bogotà
See also: Development Cooperation Stories in Colombia
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Lucas Lai

Testimonials - Development Cooperation Handbook Steps and Tools
Lucas Lai Artist - USA India, Varanasi, September 2010
On You Tube ⇒ playlist
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Megan Williams

Testimonials - Development Cooperation Handbook Steps and Tools
Interview on Youtube ⇒ playlist
Megan Willams Journalist
Varanasi, India December 2010
Megan Willams was interviewed in Varanasi in December 2010 by Vrinda Dar.
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Mahmoud Abul-Huda Alhussainy

Testimonials - Development Cooperation Handbook Steps and Tools
⇒ Playlist on YouTube
Dr. Mahmoud Abul-Huda Alhussainyi
The interview was taken on August 2011 in Aleppo, Syria Physician and a Sufi scholar Aleppo, Syria, Aug. 2011
In Syria now, it is a time of division, violence and suffering. When we were there in November 2010 and in August 2011, we recorded many stories of cooperation and development. Nowadays, only sad and violent stories are narrated about this wonderful country. What then shall we do with these stories we collected in Syria in what now seems to be a different "age" altogether? Well, we decided to re-edit the videos we had made, include them in the Handbook we are developing and share them through the Internet. These videos will help us remember what Syria was before the civil war. And we hope that these stories will help restore trust amongst communities in Syria, and build, amongst those who love this country, the motivation to do whatever they can to restore peace and cooperation.
Mahmoud Abul-Huda Alhussainy is an Syran Doctor and a Sufi scholar
The interview was taken on August 2011 in Aleppo, Syria We were introduced to him by Paolo Dall'Oglio who translated in Italian his interview
The NGOs that deal with organizing the prayer the study of Islamic sciences generally are "official" NGOs
These "official organizations are like cages that enclose the persons in roles and activities that have specific delimitation
instead the action space for the "non official" NGOs is much wider and tend towards universality
The charity. It is generosity, it is altruism it is capacity to enjoy the pleasure of sharing my possessions with others. Charity comes in me when the spirituality increases and enriches me with sense of responsibility for my neighbor.
When spirituality increases in me I become generous with those who are poor, with those who are ill, with those who do not have enough resources to live with dignity.
When spirituality increases the society becomes more harmonious, more just, more beautiful.
When spirituality diminishes conflicts increase.
Such a stand of solidarity with others is totally independent to any allegiance to any specific religion.
When my spirituality is solid, is well rooted in me it expresses itself as solidarity to others independently to their ethnic or religious identities.
It is very painful to take notice to the fact that some organizations like Al Qaida , that have a violent approach to religion are well organized international. while the organizations that are building what we really need that promote peace and spiritual are much less funded and do not receive international attention
Unfortunately in the majority of the cases Unfortunately in most the cases medias are not serving peace but the economical and political interests of those who are in power
What we need to do is an open accesses to the those media that work for peace education.

## External links

⇒ Abolhoda NGO web site ⇒ Free Halab:The Friday of Self Defence (January 2012) ⇒ Abolhodachannel
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Manoj Kumar

Testimonials - Development Cooperation Handbook Steps and Tools
Manoj Kumar, Country Director of Concern Worldwide, an International NGO .
The interview was taken on December 2010 at N 2 River, Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone
The interview has been used in the following development cooperation stories: ⇒ Mothers Preparing Mothers - Susan and Cline Bays ⇒ playlist ⇒ Women as Entrepreneurs - Petifu Chain ⇒ playlist

### What is Concern and what is the role of International NGOs in international development cooperation?

Concern empowers people to overcome poverty by helping them to produce more food, get access to a reliable food supply, reduce their vulnerability to droughts, improve their access to water and generate more income to spend on their children’s education and health care.
Its aim is to ensure access to quality education for the poorest and most marginalized people.
Our prime partners are the communities themselves. The entire focus of Concern is build capacities of the most vulnerable communities

### What is the learning that your gained while working on the ground ?

Sometimes the donors should be more flexible, because the contest in Sierra Leon is a very dynamic contest and they should respect the local contest and the local reality. Donors also need to give a sufficient time to aloud the community processes, to bring the changes which are long lasting and not just a quick change and when the donors support ended those changes collapse.
There is a lot of learning from the work of different organizations, NGO, donors, even agencies, but there is very less of sharing those learning. Very often you find the agencies reinventing the wills. There is some coordination, but is not very effective, it don’t goes beyond sharing those key learning and complementing each other to improve program quality, to improve the life of the people

## See also

⇒ Programme Web site: Concern - Sierra Leone
Two projects managed by Concern in Sierra Leone are covered in the Video Documentary
    ⇒ Mothers Preparing Mothers - Susan and Cline Bays ⇒ playlist
    ⇒ Women as Entrepreneurs - Petifu Chain ⇒ [playlist]
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Johnatan Nieto Blanco

Interview on Youtube ⇒ playlist
Johnatan Nieto Blanco
(journalist, Head of the Communication Office de la Secretaría Distrital de Integración Social
Alcaldía Mayor De Bogotá D.C. Bogotá, Colombia , May 2011
Johnatan Nieto Blanco (journalist, Head of the Communication Office , Alcaldia Mayor de Bogota' D.C, Colombia was interviewed by Francesco Brancatella (reporter of RAI - TG1 - Italy) and Stefano De Santis (TVP) in May 2011 in Bogotà
# Development Cooperation Handbook/Interviews/Jyoti Sapru

Testimonials - Development Cooperation Handbook Steps and Tools
Youtube ⇒ playlist
Jyoti Sapru Social scientist New Delhi India, 12th February 2011
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Pulmonary Infection

* Name the radiographic manifestations of primary pulmonary tuberculosis
* Name the three most common segmental sites of involvement for reactivation tuberculosis in the lung
* Define Ranke complex and Ghon lesion; recognize both on a radiograph and CT
* Name and describe the four types of pulmonary Aspergillus disease
* Identify an intracavitary fungus ball on chest radiography and chest CT
* State the radiographic appearances of Cytomegalovirus pneumonia
* Name the major categories of disease causing chest radiograph or chest CT abnormalities in the immunocompromised patient
* Other than bacterial infection, name 2 important infections and 2 important neoplasms to consider in patients with AIDS and chest radiograph or chest CT abnormalities
* Describe the chest radiograph and chest CT appearances of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
* Name the 4 most important etiologies of hilar and mediastinal adenopathy in patients with AIDS
* Describe the time course and chest radiographic appearance of a blood transfusion reaction
* State the radiographic appearances of mycoplasma pneumonia
* Describe the radiographic and CT appearance of a miliary pattern and provide a differential diagnosis
* Name the diagnostic considerations in a patient who presents with recurrent or persistent pneumonias
* Name the endemic mycoses, the specific geographic regions where they are found, and their radiographic manifestations
* State the most common pulmonary infections seen after solid-organ (i.e. liver, renal, cardiac) transplantation
* Describe the radiographic and CT findings of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Chest Trauma

* Identify a widened mediastinum on a trauma radiograph and state the differential diagnosis (including aortic/arterial injury, venous injury, fracture of sternum or spine)
* Identify the indirect and direct signs of aortic injury on contrast-enhanced chest CT scan
* Identify and state the significance of chronic traumatic pseudoaneurysm on a chest radiograph, CT or MRI
* Identify fractured ribs, clavicle, spine and scapula on a chest radiograph or chest CT
* Name five common causes of abnormal lung opacity on a trauma radiograph or CT
* Identify an abnormally positioned diaphragm or loss of definition of a diaphragm on a trauma chest radiograph and suggest the diagnosis of a ruptured diaphragm
* Identify a pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum on a trauma chest radiograph
* Identify the fallen lung sign on a radiograph or chest CT scan and suggest the diagnosis of tracheobronchial tear
* Identify a cavitary lesion on a post-trauma radiograph or chest CT and suggest the diagnosis of laceration with pneumatocele formation, hematoma or abscess secondary to aspiration
* Name the three most common causes of pneumomediastinum in the setting of trauma
* Recognize and distinguish between pulmonary contusion, laceration and aspiration
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Congenital Lung Disease

* Name the components of the pulmonary venolobar syndrome
* Recognize venolobar syndrome on a frontal chest radiograph, chest CT and chest MRI, and explain the etiology of the retrosternal band of opacity seen on the lateral view
* Recognize a mass in the posterior segment of a lower lobe on a chest radiograph and chest, and suggest the possible diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration
* Explain the differences between intralobar and extralobar sequestration
* Recognize bronchial atresia on a radiograph and chest CT, and state the most common lobes of the lungs in which it occurs
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Interstitial Disease

* List and identify on a chest radiograph and chest CT four patterns of interstitial lung disease (ILD)
* Make a specific diagnosis of ILD when supportive findings are present in the history or on radiologic imaging (e.g. dilated esophagus and ILD in scleroderma, enlarged heart and a pacemaker or defibrillator in a patient with prior sternotomy and ILD suggesting amiodarone drug toxicity)
* Identify Kerley A and B lines on a chest radiograph and explain their etiology
* Recognize the changes of congestive heart failure on a chest radiograph - enlarged cardiac silhouette, pleural effusions, vascular redistribution, interstitial and/or alveolar edema, Kerley lines
* Define the terms ìasbestos-related pleural diseaseî and ìasbestosis;î identify each on a chest radiograph and chest CT
* Describe what a "B" reader is as related to the evaluation of pneumoconiosis
* Identify honeycombing on a radiograph and high resolution chest CT (HRCT), state the significance of this finding (end-stage lung disease), and list the common causes of honeycomb lung
* State the radiographic classification of sarcoidosis
* Recognize progressive massive fibrosis/conglomerate masses secondary to silicosis or coal worker's pneumoconiosis on radiography and chest CT
* Recognize the typical appearance of irregular lung cysts and/or nodules on chest CT of a patient with Langerhanís cell histiocytosis
* List four causes of unilateral ILD
* List three causes of lower lobe predominant ILD
* List two causes of upper lobe predominant ILD
* Identify a secondary pulmonary lobule on HRCT
* Identify lymphangioleiomyomatosis on a chest radiograph and HRCT
* Identify and give appropriate differential diagnoses when the patterns of septal thickening, perilymphatic nodules, bronchiolar opacities ("tree-in-bud"), air trapping, cysts, and ground glass opacities are seen on HRCT
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Chest Signs

Be able to define, identify and state the significance of the following on a radiograph:
* air bronchogram - indicates a parenchymal process, including non-obstructive atelectasis, as distinguished from pleural or mediastinal processes
* air crescent sign - indicates a lung cavity, often due to fungal infection
* deep sulcus sign on a supine radiograph - indicates pneumothorax
* continuous diaphragm sign - indicates pneumomediastinum
* ring around the artery sign (around pulmonary artery on lateral chest radiograph) - indicates pneumomediastinum
* fallen lung sign - indicates a fractured bronchus
* flat waist sign- indicates left lower lobe collapse
* gloved finger sign - indicates bronchial impaction, which can be seen in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
* Golden S sign - indicates lobar collapse with a central mass, suggesting an obstructing bronchogenic carcinoma in an adult
* luftsichel sign - indicates upper lobe collapse, potentially due to an obstructing bronchogenic carcinoma in an adult
* Hampton's hump - indicates a pulmonary infarct
* silhouette sign - loss of the contour of the heart or diaphragm used to localize a parenchymal process (e.g. a process involving the medial segment of the right middle lobe obscures the right heart border; a lingula process obscures the left heart border; a basilar segmental lower lobe process obscures the diaphragm)
* cervicothoracic sign - a mediastinal opacity that projects above the clavicles is retrotracheal and posteriorly situated while an opacity effaced along its superior aspect and projecting at or below the clavicles is situated anteriorly
* tapered margins sign - a lesion in the chest wall, mediastinum or pleura will have smooth tapered borders and obtuse angles with the chest wall or mediastinum while parenchymal lesions usually form acute angles
* figure 3 sign - abnormal contour of the descending aorta, indicating coarctation of the aorta
* fat pad sign or sandwich sign - indicates pericardial effusion on lateral chest radiograph
* scimitar sign - an abnormal pulmonary vein in venolobar syndrome
* double density sign - contour projecting over the right side of the heart, indicating enlargement of the left atrium
* hilum overlay sign and hilum convergence sign -used to distinguish a hilar mass from a non-hilar mass
Be able to define, identify and state the significance of the following on a chest CT:
* CT angiogram sign - enhancing pulmonary vessels against a background of low attenuation material in the lung
* halo sign - suggesting invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a leukemic patient
* split pleura sign - a sign of empyema
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Pulmonary Neoplasms

* Name the four major histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma, and state the difference between non-small cell and small cell lung cancer
* Name the type of non-small cell lung cancer that most commonly cavitates
* Name the types of bronchogenic carcinoma that are usually central
* Describe the TNM classification for staging non-small cell lung cancer, including the components of each stage (I, II, III, IV, and substages), and the definition of each component (T1-4, N0-3, M0-1)
* State the staging of small cell lung cancer
* Name the four most common extrathoracic sites for non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer to metastasize
* State which stages of non-small cell lung cancer are potentially resectable
* Recognize abnormal contralateral mediastinal shift on a post-pneumonectomy chest radiograph and state five possible etiologies for the abnormal shift
* Name the most common location for adenoid cystic and carcinoid tumors to occur
* Suggest the possibility of radiation change as a cause of new apical opacification on a chest radiograph of a patient with evidence of mastectomy and/or axillary node dissection
* Describe the acute and chronic radiographic and CT appearance of radiation injury in the thorax (lung, pleura, pericardium, esophagus) and the temporal relationship to radiation therapy
* State the role of MR in lung cancer staging (e.g. chest wall invasion, superior sulcus or Pancoast tumor)
* State the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in lung cancer staging
* Describe the TNM classification for staging esophageal carcinoma, including the components of each stage (I, II, III, IV) and the definition of each component (T, N and M)
* State the role of imaging in the staging of esophageal carcinoma
* State which stages of esophageal carcinoma are potentially resectable
* State the classification of lymphoma, the role of imaging in the staging of lymphoma, and the typical and atypical manifestations of thoracic lymphoma
* Define primary pulmonary lymphoma
* Describe the typical chest radiograph and chest CT appearances of Kaposi sarcoma
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Chest Wall

Disorders of the Chest Wall
* Recognize and name four causes of a large unilateral pleural effusion on a radiograph or chest CT
* Recognize a pneumothorax on an upright and supine chest radiograph
* Recognize a pleural based mass with bone destruction or infiltration of the chest wall on a radiograph or chest CT and name four likely causes
* Recognize pleural calcification on a radiograph or chest CT and suggest the diagnosis of asbestos exposure (bilateral involvement ) or old TB or trauma (unilateral involvement)
* Recognize the typical chest radiographic appearances of pleural effusion, given differences in patient positioning
* Recognize apparent unilateral elevation of the diaphragm on a chest radiograph and suggest a specific etiology with supportive history and associated chest radiograph findings (e.g. subdiaphragmatic abscess after abdominal surgery, diaphragm rupture after trauma, and phrenic nerve involvement with lung cancer)
* Recognize a tension pneumothorax and understand the acute clinical implications
* Recognize diffuse pleural thickening, as seen in fibrothorax, malignant mesothelioma and pleural metastases
* State and recognize the radiographic and CT findings of malignant mesothelioma
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Other Lung Disease
## Atelectasis, Airways and Obstructive Lung Disease

* Recognize partial or complete atelectasis of the following on a chest radiograph:
** right upper lobe
** right middle lobe
** right lower lobe
** right upper and middle lobe
** right middle and lower lobe
** left upper lobe
** left lower lobe
* Recognize complete collapse of the right or left lung on a chest radiograph and list an appropriate differential diagnosis for the etiology of the collapse
* Distinguish lung collapse from massive pleural effusion on a frontal chest radiograph
* Name the 4 types of bronchiectasis and identify each type on a chest CT
* Name 5 common causes of bronchiectasis
* Recognize the typical appearance of cystic fibrosis on a radiograph and chest CT
* Name the important things to look for on a chest radiograph when the patient history is "asthma"
* Define tracheomegaly
* Recognize tracheal and bronchial stenosis on chest CT and name the most common causes
* Name the 3 types of pulmonary emphysema and identify each type on a chest CT
* Recognize alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency on a chest radiograph and chest CT
* Recognize Kartagener's syndrome on a chest radiograph and name the 3 components of the syndrome
* Define the term giant bulla, differentiate giant bulla from pulmonary emphysema and state the role of imaging in patient selection for bullectomy
* State the imaging findings used to identify surgical candidates for giant bullectomy and for lung volume reduction surgery