OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Horticulture/Chard

Chard :
| Binomial: | Beta vulgaris |
| Genus: | Beta |
| Family: | Amaranthaceae |
| Variety: | Cicla |
| Light requirements: | Full sun to light shade |
| Soil requirements: | light, neutral to slightly acid |
Chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla), also known as Swiss Chard, Silverbeet, Perpetual Spinach or Mangold, is a leaf vegetable, and is one of the cultivated descendants of the Sea Beet, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima. While used for its leaves, it is in the same species as the garden beet, which is grown primarily for its roots.

## Description

Chard has shiny green ribbed leaves, with stems that range from white to yellow and red depending on the cultivar. It has a slightly bitter taste. The leaves are generally treated in the same way as spinach and the stems like asparagus. Fresh young chard can also be used raw in salads.
Modern cladistic botanical taxonomic systems such as that of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group place chard and the other beets in family Amaranthaceae, but the older systems more likely to be encountered in horticultural sources place them in a family Chenopodiaceae.

## Growing Conditions

Chard will grow in ordinary garden soil but, like beets, it is best to keep the pH above 6. It may be planted in rows or in beds similarly to spinach but is not susceptible to bolting and can tolerate both hot and cold conditions.

## Varieties

Cultivars of chard include green forms, such as 'Lucullus' and 'Fordhook Giant', as well as red-ribbed forms such as 'Ruby Chard', 'Rainbow Chard', and 'Rhubarb Chard'.

## Uses

The leaves can be chopped,cooked and consumed as green vegetables or can be picked young and tender for making green salad

## Maintenance

Individual well grown plants can become quite large, with leaves two feet tall, but crowded plants will still produce well. The plant can be harvested, leaf by leaf, well into the fall and even after the first frosts.

## Propagation

Can be sawn directly from seeds that are planted 3–5 cm deep,15 cm between plants and 30–40 cm between rows. They can also be sawn on seedbeds and transplanted to permanent beds after 2–3 weeks from emergence.

## Harvest

This is done at around 3–4 months from emergence. The Mature leaves (depending on purpose of use: salad or green vegie) are pricked from the main plant and prepared accordingly for use. The plant is cabable of tillering hence the reason for pricking leaves to allow groth of new shoots than picking the whole plant.

## Pests and Diseases

This a more resistant plant to pests and diseases. It is in most cases susceptible to leaf diseases such as blight and rust. For prevention and control, use of resistant varieties and treated seeds is recommended and also uprooting of infected plants to prevent spread.
# Horticulture/Chionodoxa

Glory of the Snow :
| Genus: | Chionodoxa |
| Family: | Hyacinthaceae |
Chionodoxa (Glory-of-the-snow) is a genus of eight bulbous perennials in the family Hyacinthaceae. The blue, white or pink flowers appear early in the year making them valuable garden ornamentals.
Four species occur in West Turkey, one in Southwest Turkey, two in Crete and one in Cyprus. Some species (mainly Chionodoxa siehei and Chionodoxa luciliae) have naturalised from gardens outside of their native range. E. g. in Great Britain, Germany, Austria, The Netherlands. A natural hybrid of Chionodoxa siehei x Chionodoxa luciliae also occurs.

## Species

* Chionodoxa albescens (White Glory-of-the-snow) - Crete
* Chionodoxa forbesii (Forbes Glory-of-the-snow) - Southwest Turkey
* Chionodoxa lochiae (Loch's Glory-of-the-snow) - Cyprus
* Chionodoxa luciliae (Lucile's Glory-of-the-snow) - West Turkey
* Chionodoxa nana (Dwarf Glory-of-the-snow) - Crete
* Chionodoxa sardensis (Lesser Glory-of-the-snow) - West Turkey
* Chionodoxa siehei (Siehe's Glory-of-the-snow) - West Turkey
* Chionodoxa tmoli (Tmolus Glory-of-the-snow) - West Turkey
# Horticulture/Chemical Controls for Plant Pathogens

Many chemicals have been developed for the control of plant pathogens. The majority are fungicides, though antibiotics are also used for bacterial diseases. There are no chemicals for controlling viruses and viroids.
Many of these chemicals are permitted in organic agriculture and accepted in organic horticulture.
This page is a stub entry in Horticulture. Please see the Manual of Style for guidelines on how to expand it.
# Horticulture/Claytonia virginica

Spring Beauty :
| Binomial: | Claytonia virginica |
| Family: | Portulacaceae |
Claytonia virginica (Eastern spring beauty or fairy-spuds) is a flowering plant in the family Portulacaceae, native to eastern North America. It is found in moist woods and clearings.

## Description

It is a trailing plant growing to 5–40 cm long. The leaves are slender lanceolate, 3–14 cm long and 5–13 mm broad, with a 6–20 cm long petiole. The flowers are 7–14 mm diameter, with five pale pink or white (rarely yellow) petals, flowering is between March and May.

## Growing Conditions

Claytonia virginica is native to open woodlands with dry to moist soils, and performs best when these conditions are replicated in the garden. The foliage is somewhat ephemeral and becomes ratty by late summer, so it should either be planted in lawns or where taller plants will hide the dieback.
# Horticulture/Chelidonium majus

Greater Celandine :
| Binomial: | Chelidonium majus |
| Family: | Papaveraceae |
| Type: | Herbaceous perennial |
| Weediness: | Weedy, invasive in parts of North America |
| Pollination: | Insects |
| Toxicity and edibility: | Toxic to humans and livestock |
The greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is a yellow-flowering poppy, native to Europe and the Mediterranean basin. It is also widespread in North America, having been brought there by settlers as a herbal remedy for skin problems such as warts as early as 1672. The whole plant is toxic, containing a range of alkaloids, such as Chelerythrine; it may also cause contact dermatitis, particularly the latex.
The greater celandine is the only species in the genus Chelidonium, and is not closely related to the lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria).

## Description

Greater celandine plants may reach 80 cm high, with deeply divided, 30-cm long leaves. The flowers comprise four yellow petals, each about 1 cm long, and are produced from May to July. The seeds are small and black, and possess an elaiosome, which attracts ants to disperse the seeds (myrmecochory). A double-flowered variety, a naturally occurring mutation, also exists.

## Uses

The plant was formerly used by gypsies as a foot refresher; modern herbalists use its purgative properties. The plant is toxic and should not be used without supervision.

## References

* ↑ Howard, Michael. Traditional Folk Remedies (Century, 1987) p.146-7
* Blanchan, Neltje (2005). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
# Geometry Course/Polygon/Triangle/Area
## Area

The area of a triangle is defined by the formula ${\frac {1}{2}}bh$ , where $b$ is the base of the triangle and $h$ is the height of the triangle.
Now if you're finding the area of a right triangle , then using this formula is easy.
# Geometry for Elementary School
## Table of contents

* Introduction
* Concepts
** Points
** Lines
** Angles
** Plane shapes
** Solids
** Measurements
** Parallel lines
** Symmetry
** Transformation
** Coordinates
* Construction
** Our tools: Ruler and compasses
** Constructing equilateral triangle
** Copying a line segment
** Copying a triangle
** Copying an angle
** Constructing a triangle
** Why the constructions are not correct?
** Bisecting an angle
** Bisecting a segment
* Congruence and similarity
** Congruence
** The Side-Side-Side congruence theorem
** The Side-Angle-Side congruence theorem
** The Angle-Side-Angle congruence theorem
** The Side-Angle-Angle congruence theorem
** The Right angle-Hypotenuse-Side congruence theorem
** Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)
** Similarity
* Extras
** Some impossible constructions
** Pythagorean theorem
** A proof of irrationality
** Fractals
* What next?
* Glossary
* Conventions

## Feedback

Feedback is very important in many topics, especially when writing a book like this. We would like to learn from your experience using this book. What was the age of the child that used the book? What did he/she like most? Which topics did he/she have problem understanding? What ideas for improvements do you have?

## Help
### Questions & Answers

Have a question? Why not ask the very textbook that you are learning from?

### Further Reading

* Geometry
# Geometry Course/Polygon/Triangle
## Triangle

A triangle is a two dimensional polygon that has three sides and three angles with the total sum of the angles equal to 180$^o$
    Three Points A, B, C
    Three sides AB, BC, CA
    Three angles $\angle A$ , $\angle B$ , $\angle C$
    The sum of Three angles $\angle A+\angle B+\angle C=180^{o}$

## Similar and Congruent Triangles
### Congruent Triangles

Two Triangles are equal or congruent when
* Two triangles have three sides are equal . Side by Side by Side (SSS)
* Two triangles have two sides and angle in between the sides are equal . Side Angle Side(SAS)
* Two triangles have two angles and the side in between the angles are equal . Angle Side Angle (ASA)
Note that there is no AAA congruence(Angle-Angle-Angle) , because then the sides can be different , making it unequal. It can be similar however.
If you were to transpose one congruent triangle with the other , they would superimpose exactly.

## Properties

* Perimeter
* Area

## Special Types of Triangle

* Right Triangle
* Isosceles Triangle
* Equilateral Triangle
* Scalene Triangle
# Geometry Course/Polygon/Triangle/Equilateral Triangle
## Equilateral Triangle

Equilateral Triangle is a triangle that has three equal sides and three equal angles equal to 60$^o$
    $\angle A=\angle B=\angle C=60^{o}$
    AB = BC = CA
# Geometry Course/Polygon/Triangle/Perimeter
## Perimeter

Perimeter is defined as the sum of all the sides in a triangle
# Geometry Dash/Leaderboard Top 1 History

Geometry Dash is a 2-D game developed for iOS, Android, and Steam. This is the history of the Top 1's on the global leaderboard.
Before we get to the main point, let's go over some background. Update 1.3 of Geometry Dash introduced stars, attainable through beating the official levels that the developer, RobTop made, or by playing rated levels people created. He also introduced a global leaderboard. People could obtain stars and go to the top of the leaderboard. Note that this will not cover the stars that the players had, but it will cover how long the players stayed at the top, and how they would basically battle for first place on the leaderboard. It will also only cover the first place, and not the other places behind it. Also some dates couldn't be listed here.
| Player name | Date |
| Mask | ? |
| Player (dbtkddn9402) | ? |
| seungjoon (possible hacker) | ? |
| wjsgustn6014 (possible hacker) | ? |
| pg1004 | December 25 2013 - December 28 2013 |
| PisMC | December 9 2013 - December 25 2013 |
| denm | December 28 2013 - January 5 2014 |
| saRy | January 10 2014 - February 3 2014 |
| Super Nova (MaJackO) | February 3 2014 - February 9 2014 |
| saRy | February 9 2014 - March 14 2014 |
| Cyclic (hacker) | March 14 2014 - ? |
| saRy | ? - March 27 2014 |
| Cyclic (hacker) | March 27 2014 - March 29 2014 |
| saRy | March 29 2014 - April 26 2014 |
| Cyclic (hacker) | April 26 2014 - May 2 2014 |
| saRy | May 2 2014 - December 20 2014 |
| LunarSimg | December 20 2014 - January 26 2015 |
From January 26 2015 - February 24, 2015, LunarSimg and the top player "3xotiC" would switch over and over again.
| 3xotiC (possible hacker) | January 26 2015 - ~March 2015 |
| zNymo98 | August 3 2015 - August 5 2015 |
| Michigun | September 8-9 2015 - April 21 2017 |
| shaggy23 | April 24 2017 - May 24 2017 |
| NoctaFly (hacker) | May 24 2017 - November 22 2017 |
| xMiguel007 | November 22 2017 - September 8 2018 |
| shaggy23 | September 8 2018 - ? |
| Cool Dash | ? - April 21 2019 |
| shaggy23 | April 21 2019 - May 23 2019 |
| Cool Dash | May 23 2019 - |
This list is uncomplete. You can help by fixing/adding information.
# ITTE Computing/Welcome
## Welcome to the ICT tutors support website

This website is for newly appointed tutors to initial teacher training
The purpose of this website is to provide you with information, guidance, support and advice to help you make the transition from teaching school pupils to training prospective teachers of ICT.
The resources on this website are organised as follows:
* Sources of support - information on induction and research support offered by ITTE, the Teacher Training Resource Bank, other associations offering support and on keeping up to date
* Tutor Issues - information and ideas to help you develop the knowledge and skills needed to train inexperienced teachers
* Teaching and Learning - information and resources you can use with trainees on teaching ICT
* Assessment - information and resources to help you assess trainees and teach them how to assess their students
* Research - guidance on how to become an accomplished researcher, plus information on research relevant to your new role
* Resources - useful links and information on materials you might need as a teacher trainer
* Glossary - abbreviations and acronyms associated with ICT and ITT
This site was developed as part of a project (funded by the Training and Development Agency for Schools (TDA) 2004 to 2009) to improve the quality of initial teacher training in ICT, with a particular focus on supporting new ICT tutors in the UK.
Please help us to meet your needs by telling us what you think of it so far and giving us your suggestions for improvements or additions. Also, if you have queries that are not answered here, contact us and we will do our best to resolve them.

### Contact us

Please contact us with your comments, suggestions or questions using the feedback form.
# IT Service Management/Organization

ITIL recommendations for IT Service Management organization structure include the major functions and standard roles, the relationship between functions and processes, and how roles could be properly allocated.
Major functions include:
* Service Desk
* Technical Management
* Application Management
* IT Operations Management
The Service Desk provides a single point of contact between the organization and its users, serving as a hub for internal communications. The Service Desk usually owns and handles the Incident Management process, and also processes such items as inbound incidents, service requests, and change requests.
Basic configurations:
* Local
* Centralized
* Virtual
* Follow-the-Sun
A Local Service Desk keeps users and support staff in the same location.
A Centralized Service Desk services multiple user locations at a single support location.
A Virtual Service Desk services multiple user locations at multiple support locations which use technology to appear and respond as a single support entity.
A Follow-the-Sun Service Desk is effectively a Virtual Service Desk organized to service users during support staff shifts held at normal daytime hours in all time zones.
Technical Management procures, develops, and manages the technical skill sets and resources needed to support the IT infrastructure and service management, with the primary objective of ensuring that the Service Provider has the right specialized skill sets available to deliver the services offered.
Typical specialty divisions include:
* Database
* Networking
* Security
* Storage
* Servers
Application Management handles the end-to-end management of applications, cultivating the required specialized skill sets to support these applications. Application Management works on and is supported by various core processes.
Supporting core processes include:
* Incident Management
* Problem Management
* Change Management
* Availability Management
IT Operations Management handles the day-to-day maintenance of the IT infrastructure and facilities.
Main sub-functions:
* Operations Control
* Facilities Management
Operations Control handles regular maintenance cycles associated with infrastructure management. Key activities include backup and restore, batch jobs, console management, and media management.
Facilities Management handles the IT operations facilities, such as call centers, data centers, and development facilities. Its responsibilities may include facilities access, electricity, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), and fire suppression.
The RACI model (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed model) ensures that all roles are appropriately covered with or filled by processes.
* Responsible - execute or perform the given task or activity; there may be more than one party in this role
* Accountable - own and answer for a task or activity; this role can only be held by one party
* Consulted - review, advise, and authorise a task or activity
* Informed - receive updates on task or activity progress
# IT Service Management

This book is an introduction to IT service management, as given by the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Foundation.

## Table of Contents

* Core Concepts
* Organization
* Resources
# ITTE Computing/Transition from School to HE

"It was like I had to shift the lens ……. of the way I look at teaching I mean. I've had to shift from thinking about how I taught in school to how my students are learning to teach from me here in this place, and that's what I really had to learn in the first year; well no, the first two years here, if I'm honest." Sonia – on transferring from teaching in school to training teachers in university (Murray, 2004)
The transfer from being a successful teacher in school to training prospective teachers in higher education is an exciting experience. There are some similarities to teaching pupils, but the differences in the methodology, focus, structure, philosophy, expectation and outcome in preparing students to become teachers can initially prove to be quite daunting. This Tutor Issues section aims to provide you with some information and ideas to help with the transition.
This section includes the following:
* teaching approaches and the role of the tutor;
* ideas for delivering high quality training;
* the Standards for QTS;
* an overview of the various routes into teaching.
Other sections of this website cover related issues such as:
* the expectation that you will engage in research;
* the assessment of trainees against the Standards.
author: Richard Bennett
# IT Service Management/Resources
## Resources
### Official Resources

* ITIL Official Website

### Reference Manuals

* UC Santa Barbara - IT Service Management Toolkit

### Video Training

* CSU ITI597 - IT Service Management
No longer available

### Exam Preparation

* ILX Group - Free ITIL Resources
* Taruu - ITIL v3 Foundation Study Guide
* ITIL Exam Preparation 2011 - ITIL 2011 Foundation
* Quizlet - ITIL Foundations Flashcards

### Practice Exams

* Datajar ITIL Campus - Free Mock Exam
* ITIL Dumps - Sample Questions
* IT Service Today - Free Exam Paper
* ITIL Weblog - Free Online Sample Exam
* Accelerated Ideas - Free Practice Exam
* Cert College - Practice Exams Demo
* Process Symphony - Free Mock Exam

### Related Publications

* The IT Skeptic Blog - ITIL
# ITunes
## Contents

* Introduction
* Installation
* A First Look at iTunes
* Using iTunes to Acquire Music
* Using iTunes to Play Music
* Using iTunes to Organize Music
* Using iTunes with an iPod
* Advanced Techniques
** Ogg in iTunes
# ITTE Computing/Teaching at Post 16

There are a variety of Computing qualifications available at post 16.
# Git/Obtaining Git

Git is available for *nix operating systems, as well as MacOS and Windows.

## Binary
### Linux
#### Debian-based distributions (.deb)

Git is available on Debian, and derivatives like Ubuntu. It is currently packaged as git. More recent packages of git are available from the Ubuntu Git Maintainers' PPA. You may also want to install some extended git functionality, for example git-svn, which allows two-way interoperability with Subversion, or git-email which provides utility functions for sending and receiving git data (primarily patches) via email.

#### RPM-based distributions (.rpm)

Linux distributions using the RPM package format can use yum to get git:

### macOS

A graphical installer can be found at Google code. Alternative, if you have MacPorts installed, you can do
git is also included in the com.apple.pkg.Core package:

### Windows

Git for Windows is available as a precompiled binary msysGit. This includes the command line utilities, a GUI, and an SSH client.
Additionally, those with Cygwin can use its setup to obtain Git.

## Source
### Tarball

You can obtain a copy of the newest stable git from the git homepage at: git.or.cz. In addition, daily snapshots of git are provided by Dave Jones.
Below is an example of how to compile git from source, change "git-1.5.3.4.tar.gz" to the version you downloaded:
Without the added --prefix argument git will currently install to ~/bin. This may or may not be what you want, in most distributions ~/bin is not in the $PATH. Without the --prefix, you might have to explicitly state the path to the component programs on invocation, i.e.: ~/bin/git-add foobar. You can set --prefix to whatever better suits your particular setup.

### Git

The source can additionally be acquired via git using:
Or in the event you have problems with the default Git port of 9418:

## First configuration

To avoid to reenter one's credential during each sync, register the account:
To check the config:
To avoid the password in Linux, it's necessary to store it in plain text into:
With (ex: for github.com):
Please note that GitHub no longer use's Username and Password for authentication since September 2021. Instead, GitHub uses Authentication Tokens generated on https://github.com/settings/tokens. A replacement for the above example would be:

## Other Git clients

Some integrated development environments like NetBeans or PhpStorm also provide or complete Git client.
TortoiseGit allows to access to its Git commands by right-clicking on the concerned files and folders.

## Footnotes

* ^ One effort to amend the lack of consistency through modern distributions and ~/bin, has been addressed by the Ubuntu developers which seeks to patch PAM, the authentication mechanism, to set up the environmental variable $PATH. You can find more information out about this at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pam/+bug/64064.
# Git/Rebasing
## Principle

If you want to change the commit messages, the order or the number of commits, use:
where HEAD can also be any other branch you are on and you can work on any number of commits, not just 3. You can delete commits, merge them together with "squash" or change their order. If something goes wrong, use
Note that this will change all the commit-ids in the moved commits. These are because the commit-id also takes the commit's history in to account and the same change in a different place is considered a different commit by git. Rebasing shared changes can make combining those changes down the track difficult - you will not normally want to rebase any changes which has been incorporated in to somebody else's or a shared repository.