OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Down'n'dirty Blacksmithing/References
## Blacksmithing in General

* Blacksmithing
* Bladesmith
* Sword making
* Japanese swordsmithing
* Heat treatment
* Differential heat treatment
* Surface hardening
* Sharpening
* Annealing
* Polishing
* Anvil
* http://www.celticknot.com/the-elektric-anvil.html
* http://www.iforgeiron.com/
* http://www.anvilfire.com/
* http://www.calsmith.org/resources/education/
* http://www.centaurforge.com/ Blacksmith Scene
* http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/NTESearch?storeId=6970&N=0&Ntk=All&Ntt=blacksmith%20tools&Nty=1&D=blacksmith%20tools&Ntx=mode%20matchallpartial&Dx=mode%20matchallpartial&cmnosearch=PPC&cm_ven=google_PPC&cm_cat=HandTools&cm_pla=generic&cm_ite=blacksmith%20tools&mkwid=s6zoLBGby&pcrid=15755106911&mt=e
* http://www.harborfreight.com/garage-shop.html?CatPath=All%2BProducts%252F%252F%252F%252FGarage%2B%2526%2BShop%2F%2F%2F%2FAnvils&RequestData=CA_CategoryExpand
* http://www.thecrucible.org/
* http://metalworking-blacksmithing.knoji.com/making-an-improvised-stake-anvil/
* http://makeprojects.com/Project/Car-Battery+Welding/1232/1#.UNTwe2ek8uI
* http://archive.org/details/RichardSheppardRoadsideBlacksmith-SriLanka
* http://ia700200.us.archive.org/14/items/kurlmaking/curlmakingotheanvil.ogv
* http://archive.org/details/forging-a-nail
* http://www.rosemill.com/v/html/msds/cherry_howto.pdf
* https://www.blacksmithsdepot.com/

## Amusing Bits

* http://archive.org/details/TheBlacksmith1922BusterKeatonMalcolmStClairUsa
# Down'n'dirty Blacksmithing/Pointing
## Pointing

Heat a piece of square stock up to forging heat. Place it on the anvil with the end of the stock lined up with the edge of the anvil. Point it down slightly toward the top of the anvil and strike it with the flat face of the hammer angled slightly further with respect to the anvil.
The effect is to pinch the end of the stock between the hammer and the anvil. We want the hammer to have room to go a bit past the edge of the anvil, so the center of the hammer face is striking the area to be pinched.
After a couple of strikes, rotate the stock by 90°, align and strike as before. Gradually the square stock will narrow into a skinny pyramid shape. Continue this until the stock stops glowing and cools down to the point it no longer flows with a smushy sound and feel, but springs back crisply and clangs.
It's time to reheat the end, just as at first. Continue with forging and reheating it until the end narrows to a point.
This is a basic point, used for fireplace pokers and all sorts of tools.
For a round point, rotate the stock by 45° and forge as before, with a few light strikes, then rotate by another 90° and forge a bit more. The 4-sided pyramid becomes an octagonal pyramid. By forging very lightly on the corners of the octagons, the shape will be close enough to round for most purposes.
Next Chapter: Exercise 2: Hot Cutting
# Down'n'dirty Blacksmithing/Drawing

(Note: Some smiths refer to a method of tempering medium sized objects by applying heat, as from a torch or hot object, directly to the part to be tempered, as "drawing.")
Drawing, or "drawing out" is the process of lengthening a piece by forging. This is one of the most basic operations in that it is very simple to explain and perform, at least in theory. It does, however, form the basis of many related operations that are not so well defined.
To "draw out" a work, it must first be heated to working temperature. This takes patience, and practice, to recognize the right color changes and other signs. Once that has been done, move the piece to the anvil and (assuming it is a flat sided piece) place it flat on the anvil face. you want to strike the piece squarely, so that the hammer face doesn't gouge into the piece. This takes practice.
It is very important to work quickly and above all carefully. You will want to really pound that metal, maybe make some sparks fly like on the USMC advertisements. Don't. It is much more important to control your strikes than to drive the hammer straight through to the anvil. Go easy, and work your way into it. Your arms and shoulders will thank you too.
Now a strike or two (maybe 5 or 6 if you are really taking it easy) and you may start to see some change. It's high time to change sides. I think it is probably best to strike once or twice, flip up to an adjacent side, then go to the opposite side, then the (former) "bottom". That's my opinion, and if you stay at it you'll soon find a method that works, both for you and for the metal.
Work your way down the length of the area to be drawn until you have the desired length and thickness.
There are several pitfalls to basic drawing out that make the practice much harder than the theory. One is the tendency of the metal to "turn." This is where, due to uneven striking, uneven metal qualities, or uneven cooling, the piece starts to bend while being drawn. This can usually be corrected if caught early, by simply adjusting where you are striking to even it out. Don't let it go on too long, though, before correcting.
Another common problem is bowing(?) which is where the metal on the striking face begins to mushroom. This often happens when the piece has a relatively narrow face adjacent to a broad face. (Rectangular for example). Again, catching this early is the key to salvaging it. Usually this is a direct result of striking too hard or spending too much time on the narrow face. Fix by alternating between broad faces for awhile until it smooths back out.
The worst problem, and the hardest to "fix" is gouging. striking at an angle and/or too hard will cause the edge of the hammer face to dig into the work. Slight indentations may be buffed out later, or hammered out now, but deep gouges are all too often unfixable.
Next Chapter: Exercise 4: Freehand bending
# Down'n'dirty Blacksmithing/Freehand bending
## Freehand Bending

Heat the work to forging heat. Within the limitations of your forge, try to heat the area to be bent evenly, without heating up the parts you don't want to bend. This sounds difficult, but in reality, just do the best you can. The more evenly you can heat the bend, the easier it will be to get an even bend; the less you heat up the parts that you don't want to bend, the easier it'll be to avoid undesired bending.
Then grab the ends on either side of the bend and bend away. With practice, you'll get a feel for how to apply the right kind of torque to put the bend where you want it.
Depending on the size and shape of the work and how it gets heated up, you'll want to try different ways to grab the stock. Tongs are most common, at least for one end, but for very long pieces, where one end is cool, it may work better to hold it directly. You'll also use vises, a bending fork hardy tool, or the holes, horns, or edges in your anvil. It often helps to use the hammer to tap the bend a bit to make the bend conform to your intention.
For twists (just another kind of bend), an old-fashioned monkey wrench is handy, if you find one at a garage sale. Welding a handle to the top of the wrench the same length as the handle it came with will make it easier to apply just twist, with no bending torque.
You can also unbend the bend you just made and try again. Cool the part of the bend you like, so it stays put, then you can bend the part that's still hot some more. You can bend steel that's cooled below forging heat, but generally you'll only get one bend before it's work-hardened too much for another. If you push it past that point, it's apt to break on you.
Bending over the round horn of an anvil:
Next Chapter: Project 1: A Simple "S" Hook
# Competitive Intelligence/Intelligence Process

A systematic CI process is usually considered cyclic. One such cycle may be:
Focus: Determine key business issues that need to be addressed
Collect: Efficiently search and collate information to resolve the issues under investigation
Analyze: Understand the future implications of emerging threats and Opportunities
Action: Disseminate and utilize the knowledge generated to minimize decision risk
Other cycles may include those from both public and private-sector intelligence organizations:
Planning and Direction - Clearly identify the problem and articulate appropriate Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) and Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs) including identification of sources of information internal to the organization (tacit or explicit), syndicated research availability, and knowledge gaps that may require primary research, including the use of third-parties.
Collection - Develop and exploit sources of information that answer the KIQs. Collection should be neither random (expecting the right information to fall into one's lap) nor should it be exhaustive. In the first place, random generation of intelligence may not answer, with any specificity, the KIQs nor address the KITs. It becomes "noise" in the intelligence process. In the second, exhaustive collection is resource-intensive and time-consuming. Not all information should be the subject of analysis to address a KIT or answer KIQs.
Processing and Exploitation: Following collection, the information obtained should be store and sorted to be better analyzed. This is raw intelligence that may require translation, fact-checking, or topical organization.
Synthesis, Analysis and Production: During analysis, the raw data is sorted for relevance (synthesized) and becomes the subject of a potential variety of analytical processes including, but not limited to, Porter's Five Forces, Porter's Four Corners, Analysis of Competing Hypotheses, PEST (and all of its variants), SWOT / TOWS, SPACE, Six Angles, and so on. Once the analysis is complete and an intelligence picture exists, production of the media for distribution can begin. In business, depending on the requirements, the material might be made into battle cards, white papers, patent work-product, strategy decks, or training material.
Dissemination: Distributing the material to the relevant stakeholders or internal constituency via presentation or technology-enabled means.
Regardless, there exists a significant body of work suggesting that the intelligence cycle is, at best, an analog to what actually occurs in the process of intelligence. One of the key problems identified is the fact that the cyclic nature of the process relies on the necessity of feedback between the requester and the collectors, analysts, and producers. In practice, this rarely happens and the process tends to appear more linear than cyclic.
# Competitive Intelligence/Key CI skillsets

There are two schools of thought in hiring someone for the CI role. Some believe that hiring someone with CI experience is the best other believe that its better to hire with industry experience and then train the CI skillsets.
Both approaches seem to work, though hiring a seasoned CI professional helps get a CI department up and running very quickly.
The Body of Knowledge in Competitive Intelligence defines a framework for the skills and competencies every CI-Professional should know.
# Competitive Intelligence/Analysis

Analysis is important for putting together the relevant information to really start understanding the implications of the intelligence.
Common analytical techniques in CI are:
Macro economic analysis
* PESTEL analysis - refers to looking at the four most common macro economic factors to understand their interactions. The factors are: Political, Economic, Social, Technological changes, Ecology and Legislation.
* Scenario planning
Industry analysis
Company analysis
* Value chain analysis
* Four corners
* Marketing mix (4Ps)
# Competitive Intelligence/Authors

Arjan Singh, Lecturer, Strategy, Paul Merage School of Business, University of Califormia, Irvine
Prof Leonard Lane, Paul Merage School of Business, University of Califormia, Irvine
Kristian Erik Hermansen, Paul Merage School of Business, University of Califormia, Irvine
Tim Patz, Senior Product Manager, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA
# Competitive Intelligence

Competitive Intelligence is the art of analyzing competition — their historic and current moves and predicting how they are likely to behave in the future. It's a critical component for understanding how to create and maintain competitive advantage in the market.

## Introduction to CI

* Definition of Competitive Intelligence
* Type of intelligence
* Intelligence Process
* Key CI skillsets
* Key Intelligence Topics (KITs)

## Toolkits and Best Practices in CI

* Research
* War Games
* Analysis
* Web Research
* CI structure

## Papers

* On Recent Trends in Competitive Intelligence via Technical Virtuosity

## About the Book

* Authors
This book was initially started as a collaboration effort of the Competitive Intelligence class at UC Irvine's Paul Merage School of Business. All business schools academics and practitioners are invited to contribute to this book to make this a practical guide. Thank you for your contributions!
# Competitive Intelligence/CI structure

Key components for a successful CI operation are:
The Right Skills - people with conceptual and strategic thinking, good rapport with the top mgm’t. Analytics expertise, Good communication skills and cross linking within the enterprise.
Best Practice examples:
* Competitor shadow teams
* Central CI department
* Central co-ordination of the CI effort with distributed nodes
There are four stages of development of a CI capability /structure, it runs from stick fetching to world class.
- Stick fetching: When everything is reactive
# Children's Authors/Christopher Myers
## Biographical Information

    Write an introduction to the author that includes biographical information. What is the relationship between the author’s life experiences and his/her books? Gather biographical information about the author or illustrator that you feel will be of interest to children. Use at least three sources, one of which must be an article in an educational journal.

## Books of Interest

    Select and briefly critically annotate 6 books you feel are representative of his/her work. This will consist of 3-5 sentences that highlight the books’ qualities that meet the criteria of excellence discussed in class, and 1-2 sentences describing how you think the book will invigorate and engage readers. (Be sure that your annotations primarily refer to the way the book is written and/or illustrated– its literary and artistic merits – and not just to what the book is about.)
    Compare and contrast the books you have selected. Describe the author’s style, any recurrent themes and other distinguishing characteristics of the author’s work. What generalizations would you like students to be able to make about the books?

## References

    Be sure to provide complete citation information including author, title, illustrator, publisher, copyright date. Other resources should also be cited appropriately.
# Economic Sophisms/218

<pagequality level="3" user="Zoeannl" />style="background: #ececec; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em; font-weight: bold;" class="table-rh"Template:Hwe on the banks of the Seine, turned into meadows and copses.
FATHER: While towns are spread over the provinces, Paris is turned into green fields. What a deplorable revolution! And this terrible calamity has been brought upon us by three magistrates, backed by public ignorance.
SON: Pray relate to me the history of this change.
FATHER: It is short and simple. Under pretext of planting in Paris three new branches of industry, and by this means giving employment to the working classes, these men got the commune to prohibit the entry into Paris of firewood, butter, and meat. They claimed for themselves the right of providing for their fellow-citizens. These commodities rose at first to exorbitant prices. No one earned enough to procure them, and the limited number of those who could procure them spent all their income on them, and had no longer the means of buying anything else. A check was thus given to all other branches of industry and production, and all the more quickly that the provinces no longer afforded a market. Poverty, death, and emigration then began to depopulate Paris.
SON: And when is this to stop?
FATHER: When Paris has become a forest and a prairie.
SON: The three magistrates must have made a large fortune?
FATHER: At first they realized enormous profits, but at length they fell into the common poverty.
SON: How did that happen?
FATHER: Look at that ruin. That was a magnificent mansion-house surrounded with a beautiful park. If Paris had continued to progress. Master Peter would have realized more interest than his entire capital now amounts to.
SON: How can that be, seeing he has got rid of competition?
FATHER: Competition in selling has disappeared, but competition in buying has disappeared also, and will continue every day to disappear more and more until Paris becomes a bare field, and until the copses of Master Peter have no more value than the copses of an equal extent of land in the Forest of Bondy. It is thus that monopoly, like every other system of injustice, carries in itself its own punishment.
SON: That appears to me not very clear, but the decadence
# Economic Sophisms/223

<pagequality level="3" user="Zoeannl" />style="background: #ececec; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em; font-weight: bold;" class="table-rh""Why?"
"Because if the sum of satisfactions which the country at present enjoys could be obtained with one-tenth less labour, no one can enumerate the new enjoyments which men would desire to obtain from the labour left disposable. One man would desire to be better clothed, another better fed, another better educated, another better amused."
"Explain to me the mechanism and the effects of protection."
"That is not an easy matter. Before entering on consideration of the more complicated cases, we must study it in a very simple one."
"Take as simple a case as you choose."
"You remember how Robinson Crusoe managed to make a plank when he had no saw."
"Yes; he felled a tree, and then, cutting the trunk right and left with his hatchet, he reduced it to the thickness of a board."
"And that cost him much labour ?"
"Fifteen whole days' work."
"And what did he live on during that time?"
"He had provisions."
"What happened to the hatchet?"
"It was blunted by the work."
"Yes; but you perhaps do not know this: that at the moment when Robinson was beginning the work he perceived a plank thrown by the tide upon the seashore."
"Happy accident! he of course ran to appropriate it?" "That was his first impulse; but he stopped short, and began to reason thus with himself:—
"'If I appropriate this plank, it will cost me only the trouble of carrying it, and the time needed to descend and remount the cliff. 0 "'But if I form a plank with my hatchet, first of all, it will procure me fifteen days' employment; then my hatchet will get blunt, which will furnish me with the additional employment of sharpening it; then I shall consume my stock of provisions, which will be a third source of employment in replacing them. Now, labour is wealth. It is clear that I should ruin myself by
appropriating the shipwrecked plank. I must protect my Template:Hws
# Economic Sophisms/22

<pagequality level="4" user="Zoeannl" />style="background: #ececec; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em; font-weight: bold;" class="table-rh"houses, the officers of justice by lawsuits and quarrels. Ministers of religion derive their distinction and employment from our vices and our death. No physician rejoices in the health of his friends, nor soldiers in the peace of their country; and so of the rest."
Hence it follows that if the secret wishes of each producer were realized, the world would retrograde rapidly towards barbarism. The sail would supersede steam, the oar would supersede the sail, and general traffic would be carried on by the carrier's waggon; the latter would be superseded by the mule, and the mule by the pedlar. Wool would exclude cotton, cotton in its turn would exclude wool, and so on until the dearth of all things had caused man himself to disappear from the face of the earth.
Suppose for a moment that the legislative power and the public force were placed at the disposal of Mimeral's committee, and that each member of that association had the privilege of bringing in and sanctioning a favourite law, is it difficult to divine to what sort of industrial code the public would be subjected?
If we now proceed to consider the immediate interest of the consumer, we shall find that it is in perfect harmony with the general interest, with all that the welfare of society calls for. When the purchaser goes to market, he desires to find it well stocked. Let the seasons be propitious for all harvests; let inventions more and more marvellous bring within reach a greater and greater number of products and enjoyments; let time and labour be saved; let distances be effaced by the perfection and rapidity of transit; let the spirit of justice and of peace allow of a diminished weight of taxation; let barriers of every kind be removed;—in all this the interest of the consumer runs parallel with the public interest. The consumer may push his secret wishes to a chimerical and absurd length, without these wishes becoming antagonistic to the public welfare. He may desire that food and shelter, the hearth and the roof, instruction and morality, security and peace, power and health, should be obtained without exertion, and without measure, like the dust of the highways, the water of the brook,
# Economic Sophisms/222

<pagequality level="3" user="Zoeannl" />style="background: #ececec; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em; font-weight: bold;" class="table-rh"
"What is restriction?"
"It is partial prohibition."
"What is prohibition?"
"Absolute restriction."
"So that what holds true of the one, holds true of the other?"
"Yes; the difference is only one of degree. There is between them the same relation as there is between a circle and the arc of a circle."
"Then, if prohibition is bad, restriction cannot be good?"
"No more than the arc can be correct if the circle is irregular."
"What is the name which is common to restriction and prohibition?"
"Protection."
"What is the definitive effect of protection?"
"To exact from men a greater amount of labour for the same result."
"Why are men attached to the system of protection?"
"Because as liberty enables us to obtain the same result with less labour, this apparent diminution of employment frightens them."
"Why do you say apparent?"
"Because all labour saved can be applied to something else."
"To what?"
"That I cannot specify, nor is there any need to specify it"