OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radiation Oncology/Drugs/Ethnopharmacologic therapeutic agent/Catharanthus roseus

* Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae
* It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant, a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat cancer
* The species has long been cultivated for herbal medicine
** In Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) the extracts of its roots and shoots, though poisonous, are used against several diseases
** In traditional Chinese medicine, extracts from it have been used against numerous diseases, including diabetes, malaria, and Hodgkin's lymphoma
* Many of the vinca alkaloids were first isolated from Catharanthus roseus, including vinblastine and vincristine used in the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma
# Radiation Oncology/Drugs/Cell therapy

* Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy, cell transplantation, or cytotherapy) is a therapy in which viable cells are injected, grafted or implanted into a patient in order to effectuate a medicinal effect
- e.g. transplanting T-cells capable of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity in the course of immunotherapy
- e.g. grafting stem cells to regenerate diseased tissues
Stem-cell therapy
* Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition
* As of 2016, the only established therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
* This usually takes the form of a bone marrow transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood
* Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
* Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood
* It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin)
# DESCRIPTION:

Unprotects a word or block of words.
UNPROTECT is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- (Type: word block)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE for unset values.
UNSET? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- (Type: any-type)
# DESCRIPTION:

Updates the data related to a port.
UPDATE is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* port -- (Type: port)
# DESCRIPTION:

Download a new version of REBOL if available.
UPGRADE is a function value.
# DESCRIPTION:

Converts string of characters to uppercase.
UPPERCASE is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* string -- (Type: any-string char)

# REFINEMENTS

* /part -- Limits to a given length or position.
** range -- (Type: integer any-string)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE for url values.
URL? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- (Type: any-type)
# DESCRIPTION:

Evaluates a block until it is TRUE.
UNTIL is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* block -- (Type: block)
# DESCRIPTION:

Closes window views, except main view.
UNVIEW is a function value.

# REFINEMENTS

* /all -- Close all views, including main view
* /only
** face -- Close a single view (Type: object)
# DESCRIPTION

(undocumented)
UNLIGHT-TEXT is a function value.
# DESCRIPTION:

Unsets the value of a word.
UNSET is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* word -- Word or block of words (Type: word block)
# Pinyin/Include

See also
# Pinyin/Increase

See also
# Pinyin/Independent

See also
# Pinyin/In fact

See also
# Pinyin/Income

See also
# Pinyin/Including

See also
# Python Programming/Self Help

| Previous: Interactive mode | Index | Next: Creating Python programs |
This book is useful for learning Python, but there might be a topic that the book does not cover. You might want to search for modules in the standard library, or inspect an unknown object's functions, or perhaps you know there is a function that you have to call inside an object but you don't know its name. This is where the interactive help comes into play.

## Built-in help overview

Built-in interactive help at a glance:

## Navigating Help

To start Python's interactive help, type "help" at the prompt.
You will be presented with a greeting and a quick introduction to the help system. For Python 2.6, the prompt will look something like this:
Notice also that the prompt will change from ">>>" (three right angle brackets) to "help>" You can access the different portions of help simply by typing in modules, keywords, or topics.
Typing in the name of one of these will print the help page associated with the item in question. To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type "modules","keywords", or "topics". Each module also comes with a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word such as "spam", type "modules spam".
You can exit the help system by typing "quit" or by entering a blank line to return to the interpreter.

## Help Parameter

You can obtain information on a specific command without entering interactive help.
For example, you can obtain help on a given topic simply by adding a string in quotes, such as help("object"). You may also obtain help on a given object as well, by passing it as a parameter to the help function.

## External links

* help in 2. Built-in Functions, docs.python.org
| Previous: Interactive mode | Index | Next: Creating Python programs |
# Python Programming/Quiz 2

Chapter 2 Quiz, Python Programming from Wikibooks
* How can you send (output) text to the screen?
* What is a variable?
* What does the comma do when placed between items to be printed?
* What is a string?
* What do the + and * operators do to strings?
* How can you determine how long a string is?
* What function waits for the user to type some text and returns it?
* How can you prevent the output from making a new line?
* What would you use to convert values between str and int types?
# Python Programming/Scoping

| Previous: Functions | Index | Next: Classes |

### Variables

Variables in Python are automatically declared by assignment. Variables are always references to objects, and are never typed. Variables exist only in the current scope or global scope. When they go out of scope, the variables are destroyed, but the objects to which they refer are not (unless the number of references to the object drops to zero).
Scope is delineated by function and class blocks. Both functions and their scopes can be nested. So therefore
Now when this code is tested,
The name 'bar' is not found because a higher scope does not have access to the names lower in the hierarchy.
It is a common pitfall to fail to assign an object to a variable before use. In its most common form:
Here, to correct this problem, one must add y = before the for loop executes.
A loop does not create its own scope:

### Keyword global

Global variables of a Python module are read-accessible from functions in that module. In fact, if they are mutable, they can be also modified via method call. However, they cannot be modified by a plain assignment unless they are declared global in the function.
An example to clarify:
Links:
* 6.13. The global statement, docs.python.org
* What are the rules for local and global variables in Python? in Programming FAQ, docs.python.org

### Keyword nonlocal

Keyword nonlocal, available since Python 3.0, is an analogue of global for nested scopes. It enables a nested function to assign-modify even an immutable variable that is local to the outer function.
An example:
Simulation of nonlocal in Python 2 via a mutable object:
Links:
* 7.13. The nonlocal statement, docs.python.org

### globals and locals

To find out which variables exist in the global and local scopes, you can use locals and globals functions, which return dictionaries:
Write access to locals dictionary is discouraged by the Python documentation.
Links:
* 2. Built-in Functions # globals, docs.python.org
* 2. Built-in Functions # locals, docs.python.org

### External links

* 4. Execution model, docs.python.org
* 7.13. The nonlocal statement, docs.python.org
* PEP 3104 -- Access to Names in Outer Scopes, python.org
| Previous: Functions | Index | Next: Classes |
# Python Programming/Sockets

| Previous: Threading | Index | Next: GUI Programming |

## HTTP Client

Make a very simple HTTP client

## NTP/Sockets

Connecting to and reading an NTP time server, returning the time as follows
| Previous: Threading | Index | Next: GUI Programming |
# Python Programming/Sorted Container Types

Python does not provide modules for sorted set and dictionary data types as part of its standard library. This is a concious decision on the part of Guido van Rossum, et al. to preserve "one obvious way to do it." Instead, Python delegates this task to third-party libraries that are available on the Python Package Index. These libraries use various techniques to maintain list, dict, and set types in sorted order. Maintaining order using a specialized data structure can avoid very slow behavior (quadratic run-time) in the naive approach of editing and constantly re-sorting.
Third-party modules supporting sorted containers:
* SortedContainers - Pure-Python implementation that is fast-as-C implementations. Implements sorted list, dict, and set. Testing includes 100% code coverage and hours of stress. Documentation includes full API reference, performance comparison, and contributing/development guidelines. License: Apache2.
* rbtree - Provides a fast, C-implementation for sorted dict and set data types. Based on a red-black tree implementation.
* treap - Provides a sorted dict data type. Uses a treap for implementation and improves performance using Cython.
* bintrees - Provides several tree-based implementations for dict and set data types. Fastest implementations are based on AVL and Red-Black trees. Implemented in C. Extends the conventional API to provide set operations for dict data types.
* banyan - Provides a fast, C-implementation for dict and set data types.
* skiplistcollections - Pure-Python implementation based on skip-lists providing a limited API for dict and set data types.
* blist - Provides sorted list, dict and set data types based on the "blist" data type, a B-tree implementation. Implemented in Python and C.

## External links

* SortedContainers, pypi.python.org
* rbtree, pypi.python.org
* treap, pypi.python.org
* bintrees, pypi.python.org
* Banyan, pypi.python.org
* skiplistcollections, pypi.python.org
* blist, pypi.python.org
# Important Mobs in the Nether

The Nether in Minecraft is a treacherous dimension filled with unique and dangerous mobs. These mobs pose significant challenges and offer valuable resources. Here are some of the important mobs you will encounter in the Nether:

## Ghasts

Ghasts are large, floating jellyfish-like mobs that spawn in the vast open spaces of the Nether. They are known for their distinctive cries and ability to shoot explosive fireballs from a distance. Ghasts are highly destructive and can cause massive damage to both players and structures. When defeated, they drop gunpowder, ghast tears, which are used for various crafting and brewing purposes.

## Zombie Piglins

Zombie Piglins are neutral mobs found throughout the Nether. These pig-like creatures are armed with golden swords and are initially neutral towards players. However, if provoked, they become hostile and attack in groups. Zombie Piglins can drop valuable items such as gold nuggets, gold ingots, and occasionally enchanted golden swords.

## Blazes

Blazes are hostile mobs that spawn in Nether fortresses. These floating, fiery creatures shoot fireballs at players and engage in close combat. They drop blaze rods upon defeat, which are essential for brewing potions and crafting blaze powder. Blaze rods are also used to create Eyes of Ender for locating Strongholds and accessing the End dimension.

## Wither Skeletons

Wither Skeletons are formidable hostile mobs found in Nether fortresses. They wield stone swords and possess the ability to inflict the wither effect, which rapidly drains the player's health. Wither Skeletons drop coal, bones, and wither skeleton skulls upon defeat. The wither skeleton skulls are a crucial component for summoning the powerful Wither boss.

## Piglins

Piglins are neutral humanoid mobs that inhabit bastions and other Nether structures. They are armed with crossbows or golden swords and will become hostile if the player opens a chest or attacks them. Piglins are known for their affinity for gold items and can be bartered with using gold ingots. They offer valuable trades, including obsidian, ender pearls, and enchanted books.

## Conclusion

The Nether is a hostile and unforgiving dimension, inhabited by a variety of dangerous mobs. Understanding their behaviors, drops, and combat strategies is essential for surviving and thriving in this harsh environment. These mobs provide valuable resources and unique challenges that await players who venture into the fiery depths of the Nether.
# Important Biomes in the Nether

The Nether in Minecraft is a dangerous and otherworldly dimension filled with treacherous terrain and unique biomes. These biomes, distinct from those in the Overworld, present formidable challenges and valuable resources for intrepid adventurers. Here are some of the notable biomes you can encounter in the Nether:

## Nether Wastes

Nether Wastes is the most common and barren biome in the Nether, characterized by vast expanses of crumbling terrain, lava lakes, and towering basalt columns. It is a desolate and dangerous place, with hostile mobs such as zombie piglins and ghasts lurking about. Nether Wastes provide a steady source of netherrack, gravel, and glowstone, which are crucial for various Nether-related crafts and building projects.

## Soul Sand Valley

Soul Sand Valley is a haunting biome filled with towering basalt pillars, soul sand, and blue flames. The air is thick with a bluish mist, and ghasts frequently roam the area. Skeletons and wither skeletons also spawn here, presenting additional challenges. Soul Sand Valley is renowned for its unique vegetation, including soul sand, soul soil, and twisting vines. Players can also find fossils buried beneath the soul sand.

## Crimson Forest

Crimson Forest is a vibrant and eerie biome characterized by towering crimson stems, twisting vines, and dense foliage. It is inhabited by hostile piglins and hoglins. Nether wart, a crucial ingredient for brewing potions, thrives in this biome, along with crimson fungi and warped fungi. Players can harvest these resources and also encounter the imposing hoglins, which drop valuable items like leather and porkchops.

## Warped Forest

Warped Forest is a surreal and otherworldly biome filled with warped fungi, warped stems, and warped nylium. It emanates an ethereal blue glow and is home to passive endermen. This biome offers a peaceful respite in the dangerous Nether, allowing players to collect warped fungi and shroomlights. Warped Forests are also known for their unique warped wart blocks, which can be used for decorative purposes.

## Basalt Deltas

Basalt Deltas is a harsh and volcanic biome consisting of vast fields of basalt, blackstone, and lava. It is a treacherous environment with frequent lava falls and magma cubes. Basalt Deltas provide a bountiful supply of basalt and blackstone, which can be used for construction and crafting purposes. Players must exercise caution due to the abundance of lava and hostile mobs like ghasts and skeletons.

## Conclusion

The Nether's biomes offer a perilous and distinct environment from the Overworld, presenting unique challenges and rewards for brave explorers. Navigating through these biomes allows players to gather valuable resources, encounter dangerous mobs, and unlock new crafting possibilities. Understanding the characteristics of each Nether biome is crucial for survival and successful traversal within the enigmatic dimension of Minecraft.
# Simple Guide to Minecraft/Hardcore

Hardcore mode in Minecraft offers the most intense and challenging gameplay experience for expert players. It is designed to test the limits of a player's skill, survival instincts, and decision-making under high-pressure circumstances.
In Hardcore mode, the game mechanics and difficulty level closely resemble that of Hard difficulty. Hostile mobs are significantly stronger and deal substantial damage, posing a constant threat to the player's survival. To endure and thrive in this merciless environment, players must exercise caution, precision, and strategic thinking at all times.
One of the defining features of Hardcore mode is its permanent death mechanic. If a player dies in Hardcore mode, they are permanently locked out of the world, unable to respawn or continue playing on that particular save file (except in spectator mode). This creates a sense of high-stakes and forces players to approach every action with great care. A single mistake, be it an ill-fated encounter with a hostile mob or a misjudgment during exploration, can abruptly end the game.
The permanent death consequence in Hardcore mode heightens the tension and raises the stakes, pushing players to their limits and demanding their utmost focus and skill. It offers a unique and unforgiving challenge that appeals to hardcore gamers seeking the ultimate test of survival and dedication.
With its brutal difficulty and permanent death consequence, Hardcore mode provides a truly demanding and exhilarating Minecraft experience for those brave enough to take on the challenge.
# Important Mobs in the Overworld

The Overworld in Minecraft is home to a variety of mobs that play significant roles in the gameplay experience. These mobs can provide valuable resources, present challenges, or offer unique interactions. Here are some of the important mobs you will encounter in the Overworld:

## Creepers

Creepers are iconic and notorious mobs known for their explosive nature. These green, four-legged creatures silently approach players and hiss before detonating, dealing substantial damage and potentially destroying nearby structures. Players must exercise caution and maintain a safe distance when encountering creepers. Creepers drop gunpowder, a key ingredient for crafting explosives and potions.

## Zombies

Zombies are common hostile mobs that wander the Overworld, typically appearing at night or in dark areas. These undead creatures slowly shuffle towards players, dealing damage through melee attacks. They possess the ability to break down doors and convert villagers into zombie villagers. Players can defend themselves with weapons or engage in ranged combat. Zombies drop various items, including rotten flesh, which can be used as food or in the creation of potions. Occasionally, they may drop armor or weapons.

## Skeletons

Skeletons are hostile mobs armed with bows and arrows, making them formidable ranged attackers. They are usually found in dark areas or during nighttime. Skeletons skillfully shoot arrows at players from a distance, posing a significant threat. Players should approach them cautiously or engage in melee combat to avoid their projectiles. Skeletons drop bones, which can be used for bone meal or crafting purposes, as well as arrows. Occasionally, they may drop their enchanted bows upon defeat.

## Illagers

Illagers are hostile humanoid mobs that include various types such as vindicators, evokers, and pillagers. They are typically found in woodland mansions, pillager outposts, or raids. Illagers engage in combat with players using different attack patterns and abilities. Defeating them can yield valuable loot, including emeralds, crossbows, and totems of undying. These mobs provide a challenge for players seeking adventure and rewards in the Overworld.

## Villagers

Villagers are peaceful humanoid mobs found in villages scattered throughout the Overworld. They engage in various professions such as farmers, blacksmiths, librarians, and more, offering a wide range of trades. Players can interact with villagers to trade resources, obtain valuable items, and unlock rare enchanted books. Villagers are a vital source for acquiring items that are otherwise challenging to obtain through traditional crafting or exploration.

## Conclusion

These mobs in the Overworld provide unique challenges and opportunities for players to gather resources, engage in combat, and interact with villagers and illagers. Understanding their behaviors and drops will aid players in their exploration and survival in the dynamic world of Minecraft.
# Simple Guide to Minecraft/Enderdragon

The Ender Dragon is the final boss and the most powerful mob in Minecraft. It resides in the End dimension and poses a significant challenge to players seeking to complete the game's ultimate objective. Defeating the Ender Dragon requires careful preparation, strategy, and combat skills.

## Encounter

The Ender Dragon is found at the center of the End Portal, which can be accessed by collecting and placing Eyes of Ender in the frame blocks of the End Portal structure. Upon entering the End, players will find themselves on a small obsidian platform with Ender Crystals placed on top of obsidian pillars scattered throughout the landscape. Destroying these Ender Crystals is crucial to weaken the dragon.

## Abilities and Attacks

The Ender Dragon possesses a range of abilities and attacks that make it a formidable foe. It can charge at players, dealing significant damage upon impact. The dragon can also shoot purple fireballs, known as dragon's breath, which cause damage and lingering potion effects. It will occasionally perch on the obsidian pillars, making it difficult to attack directly.

## Strategy and Tips

To defeat the Ender Dragon, players must employ effective strategies and tactics:
1. Destroy the Ender Crystals: Start by destroying the Ender Crystals found on top of the obsidian pillars. These crystals heal the dragon, so removing them weakens its defenses.
2. Endermen and Obsidian: Avoid looking at Endermen to prevent provoking them. Bring blocks of obsidian to create safe shelters to hide from both the dragon's attacks and Endermen.
3. Ranged Attacks: Utilize a bow and arrows to attack the dragon from a distance. Aim for the dragon when it is airborne or when it swoops towards the platform.
4. Ender Pearls and Chorus Fruits: Bring Ender Pearls for quick teleportation and Chorus Fruits for emergency healing.
5. Beds and Explosives: In newer versions of Minecraft, beds can be used as explosive weapons against the dragon. However, be cautious as the explosion can be fatal if not adequately prepared.

## Rewards

Upon defeating the Ender Dragon, players are rewarded with a significant amount of experience orbs and access to the End Gateway, which allows them to explore outer islands in the End dimension. In addition, the dragon drops the Dragon Egg, which serves as a trophy, and dragon's breath (collected with bottles), a key ingredient for brewing potions.

## Conclusion

The Ender Dragon is the ultimate challenge in Minecraft, serving as the culmination of the game's progression. Defeating this fearsome creature requires strategic planning, combat skills, and resource management. Prepare yourself carefully, gather your allies, and embark on the quest to conquer the Ender Dragon and complete your Minecraft adventure.