OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apache Ant/XML Summary
## Brief Overview of XML

This chapter has a summary of the things you need to know about XML to use Apache Ant. It is not a lot of information and users that are already familiar with HTML will pick up the concepts very quickly.
You do not need to know a lot about XML to use Ant. Just a few syntaxical items.
First, you must be very careful to match up the "begin" and "end" tags. Begin tags start with a "<" and end tags have the same name but start with a "</". Here is an simple example:
Train your eye to look for the </ that ends a tag. If it does not match up something is wrong. Tags that do not match up will cause errors.

### Data Element Nesting

All XML Data Elements must be paired using matching start and end tags:
Understanding this paired nesting structure is critical to creating working Ant build files.

### XML Attributes

The XML begin tag may also have attributes.

## Next Section

Getting Started
# Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney/Characters

This article only refers to the main characters. Phoenix Wright himself, Ema Skye, and The Judge are returning and recurring characters of this game (not including flashbacks). However, all of the other major characters of the Phoenix Wright games are entirely absent! Want proof? See for yourself below.

## Apollo Justice

Our new hero of the Ace Attorney series. A rookie attorney who is passionate and lively. However, once he is in court, he can easily be a bit helpless. He is much like Phoenix in HIS rookie years, stubborn, slow, and even reluctant.

## Trucy Wright

A young magician who happens to be Phoenix Wright's daughter! How Phoenix got her, that's for you to find out. Trucy usually makes performances at an unseen place with her puppet, Mr. Hat. She is also the CEO of what used to be the Wright & Co. Law Offices and is your perky assistant throughout the game.

## Phoenix Wright

Phoenix Wright is the former protagonist of the Ace Attorney series. He was what you would call a "legend" on the defense's bench when we last left him. However, 7 years prior to this game, Phoenix was forced to turn in his attorney's badge. Now he works at a bar as a pianist, though he doesn't play piano. Now Phoenix is still a legend of poker, undefeated in 7 years! The story in this game will revolve around Phoenix and his sudden disappearance from court.

## Klavier Gavin

Klavier is your common opponent in this game. He has two jobs, a prosecutor, and a rockstar legend. He performs rock concerts with his band all of the time and writes songs based on law. He has a cool attitude and unlike Phoenix's opponents, he is actually a fair prosecutor and is as determined to find the truth as Phoenix.

## Ema Skye

A young woman who is a detective. She actually wanted to be a scientific investigator when she was younger, and still does. She is as astounded to scientific stuff as ever and uses science to investigate. Phoenix once helped her sister get acquitted of murder when she was younger, as seen in Phoenix's first game.

## Kristoph Gavin

Klavier's brother, and Apollo's mentor. He is the best defense attorney in town and is calm, elegant, and collected. He plays quite an unexpected part in this game.

## Valant Gramarye

One of the greatest magicians in the past. Valant is the uncle of Trucy.

## Zak Gramarye

Partner of Valant who has gone missing seven years ago.

## Lamiroir

A singer who is mysterious in every way. Even she couldn't remember her past! Her singing voice makes you feel like you are seeing the world as she travels around the world herself.

## The Judge

Like the other games of the series, he looks over every case in this game. The Judge hasn't change since the last game. He is slow and can be easily manipulated.
# Apache Ant/XMLvalidate
## Motivation

You want a command-line interface to validate one or more XML files.
Instructors Note: This file is used as a lab exercise for an Apache Ant class that includes extensive use of XML.

## Method

You can use Apache ant to check a file or group of files for their validity. This is done by using the <xmlvalidate> Apache Ant task. The xmlvalidate ant task will use a standard ant <fileset> and go through and check each file. In the example below, we specify a directory called "in" using a property. We then use the fileset to find all XML files in that directory and all subdirectories of that directory. Each file is successfully checked for validity against an XML schema.

## Sample Ant Task to Validate All XML Files in a Folder

In the above example, we assume that each XML file has a directive that tells it where to get its XML Schema.
This target will run the default XML parser that comes with Ant (usually Xerces) and report any file that is not well-formed.

## Sample XML Schema MyMessages.xsd

To test this you will need a small XML Schema file. The following file read a files of three messages:

## Sample Valid Data File

Here is a sample message file:
Note that the noNamespaceSchemaLocation attribute of the root element tells it to look in the current directory to find the XML schema file (MyMessages.xsd)

## Sample Invalid Data File

If you add a fourth message the file should fail validation according to the rules in the XML Schema above.
To test this example, add a folder called "in" and put several XML files in the folder that are not valid. In this case we created a invalid file called MyInputBad.xml. When we type "build" at the command line the following was the output:

## Sample Output

This is a sample output. Note that the error message does not indicate that you exceed a count of 3 data elements.

## Supplying an XML Schema definition file

If you are working in the null namespace add the following attribute:
If your documents have a namespace use the following:
If the XML files do not include their own schema, you can also create an ant task that includes where to find the XML schema. This is done using an special ant property.

## Schematron Validate

Apache ant also has an element to validate against a schematron rules file
See http://www.schematron.com/resource/Using_Schematron_for_Ant.pdf for more details.

## Navigation

Previous Chapter, Next Chapter

## See also

* XML Validate Task

## References

* Apache Xerces properties
# Apache Ant/XMLwellformed

You can use Apache ant to check a file or group of files for well-formedness. This is different from validation. Checking for well formedness simply checks for the consistency of begin and end tags. No XML Schema file is used.
This is done by using the <xmlvalidate> task. The xmlvalidate ant task will use a standard ant <fileset> and go through each file. In the example below, we specify a directory called "in" using a property. We then use the fileset to find all XML files in that directory and all subdirectories of that directory.
This target will run the default XML parser that comes with Ant (usually Xerces) and report any file that is not well-formed.
To test this example, add a folder called "in" and put several XML files in the folder that are malformed. In this case we created a mal-formed file called MyInputBad.xml. When we type "build" at the command line the following was the output:

## See also

* XML Validate Task
# Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney

Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney (逆転裁判4 Gyakuten Saiban 4 lit. Turnabout Trial 4 in Japan) is the fourth game in the Ace Attorney series, published by Capcom, and the first title in the series developed specifically for the Nintendo DS. It is also the first title to not feature Phoenix Wright as the main protagonist. Gameplay is the same as in previous entries to the series. However, because this game is specifically made for the Nintendo DS, it takes full advantage of the touch screen and microphone, and the 4 new cases use them heavily.
On the Nintendo 3DS, this game has been enhanced in similar fashion to the Phoenix Wright Trilogy. The graphics has been redrawn, the text has been fixed and improved, it kept the forensic gameplay aspect and has included features similar to both "Dual Destinies" and "Spirit of Justice". However, this version is only included in the Nintendo eShop in Europe and Australia.
As usual, you don't need to learn about the real life Court System to get any ideas of what to expect. This game pretty much speaks for itself. Each case after the first has 2 trial days. Your goal in each case is to find the truth that you save your clients, but mess up too much and it's GAME OVER!
It's a good idea to read through the Gameplay, Controls, and even the Characters before starting.

## Walkthrough

* Episode 1: Turnabout Trump
** Day 1 — Trial Former
** Day 1 — Trial Latter
* Episode 2: Turnabout Corner
** Day 1 — Investigation
** Day 2 — Trial Former
** Day 2 — Trial Latter
** Day 2 — Investigation
** Day 3 — Trial
* Episode 3: Turnabout Serenade
** Day 1 — Investigation
** Day 2 — Trial
** Day 2 — Investigation
** Day 3 — Trial Former
** Day 3 — Trial Latter
* Episode 4: Turnabout Succession
** Day 1 — Investigation
** Day 2 — Trial Former
** Day 2 — Trial Latter
** 7 Years Ago — Trial Former
** 7 Years Ago — Trial Latter
** MASON System — Investigation
** Day 3 — Trial
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Nausicaa/333
## Annotations

hauteur (French) haughtiness, arrogance; loftiness. This word is now a naturalized English word; it is often left unitalicized.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 385.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Nausicaa/335
## Annotations

petite (French) small. This word is now a naturalized English word when applied to a woman's build or stature; it usually carries a connotation of neatness or attractiveness, and is often unitalicized.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Nausicaa
## Contents

The following list contains links to each of the thirty-five pages of the thirteenth episode Nausicaa. The pagination is that of the original edition of Ulysses, published in Paris on 2 February 1922.
Episode 13: Nausicaa
* Page 331
* Page 332
* Page 333
* Page 334
* Page 335
* Page 336
* Page 337
* Page 338
* Page 339
* Page 340
* Page 341
* Page 342
* Page 343
* Page 344
* Page 245
* Page 346
* Page 347
* Page 348
* Page 349
* Page 350
* Page 351
* Page 352
* Page 353
* Page 354
* Page 355
* Page 356
* Page 357
* Page 358
* Page 359
* Page 360
* Page 361
* Page 362
* Page 363
* Page 364
* Page 365
# American Ghost Towns/Ghost towns in Oregon/Ghost towns in Baker County/Copperfield

Copperfield was a former town on the west bank of the Snake River and the north bank of Pine Creek. Platted around 1898, the town saw in increase in population in 1910 due to nearby railroad construction. When construction ended in 1913, the town gained a reputation for lawlessness, prompting then-governor Oswald West to send his secretary, Fern Hobbs along with a state militia to impose martial law. The former site of Copperfield is currently occupied by a park managed by Idaho Power.
* Copperfield, Oregon in 1907.
* Bridge in Copperfield, Oregon in 1916.

## Page navigation

Previous page: Bourne
Next page: Cornucopia
# American Ghost Towns/Table of Contents

Main Page - Table of Contents
Table of Contents:
* Introduction
* What is a ghost town?
* Ghost towns in Alabama
* Ghost towns in Alaska
* Ghost towns in Arizona
* Ghost towns in Arkansas
* Ghost towns in California
* Ghost towns in Colorado
* Ghost towns in Connecticut
* Ghost towns in Delaware
* Ghost towns in Florida
* Ghost towns in Georgia
* Ghost towns in Hawaii
* Ghost towns in Idaho
* Ghost towns in Illinois
* Ghost towns in Indiana
* Ghost towns in Iowa
* Ghost towns in Kansas
* Ghost towns in Kentucky
* Ghost towns in Louisiana
* Ghost towns in Maine
* Ghost towns in Maryland
* Ghost towns in Massachusetts
* Ghost towns in Michigan
* Ghost towns in Minnesota
* Ghost towns in Mississippi
* Ghost towns in Missouri
* Ghost towns in Montana
* Ghost towns in Nebraska
* Ghost towns in Nevada
* Ghost towns in New Hampshire
* Ghost towns in New Jersey
* Ghost towns in New Mexico
* Ghost towns in New York
* Ghost towns in North Carolina
* Ghost towns in North Dakota
* Ghost towns in Ohio
* Ghost towns in Oklahoma
* Ghost towns in Oregon
* Ghost towns in Pennsylvania
* Ghost towns in Rhode Island
* Ghost towns in South Carolina
* Ghost towns in South Dakota
* Ghost towns in Tennessee
* Ghost towns in Texas
* Ghost towns in Utah
* Ghost towns in Vermont
* Ghost towns in Virginia
* Ghost towns in Washington
* Ghost towns in West Virginia
* Ghost towns in Wisconsin
* Ghost towns in Wyoming
# American Ghost Towns/Template

Main Page - Table of Contents
# American Government/Answer Key to Review Questions

To check your answers to the chapter review questions, see your chapter below. Don't cheat!

## Chapter 5: Public Opinion

* Government not intended to do "what the people want"; Popular rule was only one of several means toward these goals; Large nations feature many "publics" with many "opinions."
* Importance of wording of questions, affects answers; Questions may focus one side of an issue at the expense of another (benefits / costs); Instability of public opinion
* The role of the family; Religion; The gender gap; Schooling and information
* Personal traits: temperament, family, intelligence; Exposure to information on politics; Liberalism of professors
* 1. Social class: Noneconomic issues now define liberal and conservative; 2. Race and ethnicity: Social class becoming less clear-cut source of political cleavage; Impact of race and ethnicity is less clear; 3. Region: Southerners more conservative than northerners on military and civil rights issues but difference fading overall
* Ideology: patterned set of political beliefs about who ought to rule, their principles and policies; Most citizens display little ideology; moderates dominate; "Consistency" criterion somewhat arbitrary
* Economic policy: liberals favor jobs for all, subsidized medical care and education, taxation of rich; Civil rights: liberals prefer desegregation, equal opportunity, etc.; Public and political conduct: liberals tolerant of demonstrations, favor legalization of marijuana, and so on
* Pure liberals; Pure conservatives; Libertarians; Populists
* Definition: those who have a disproportionate amount of some valued resource; More information than most people and Peers reinforce consistency and greater difference of opinion than one finds among average voters
* Raise and form political issues; State norms by which to settle issues, defining policy options; Elite views shape mass views
# American Indians Today
## Table of contents

* Preface
* Introduction
* History of the American Indians from the 19th Century to the 21st

### Living conditions and information about the American Indians today

* Tribes, population and organization in and out the reservations
* Contemporary education and culture
* Economies and sources of income
* Current problems
* American Indian relief organizations

### Appendix

* Bibliography
* Annotations and quotations
# American Ghost Towns/Ghost towns in Oregon/Ghost towns in Baker County/Bourne

Bourne (originally named "Cracker City") was a former gold mining town. It lies on Cracker Creek within the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.

## Page navigation

Previous page: Auburn
Next page: Copperfield
# American Government

This Wikibook follows the coursework of American Government, Institutions and Policies, Ninth Edition by James Q. Wilson. If you use the book, the following table of contents will make a lot of sense when following the course. The table of contents follows the book, but the content does not come from the book. Rather, it is based upon it and can be used as a study guide.
Each chapter will include, when completed, vocabulary terms, conceptual terms, brief outlines, and review questions. Feel free to add any additional resources. If adding questions, make sure to add answers under Appendix A.

## Table of Contents
### Chapters

    Introduction
* Constitution
* Federalism
* American Political Culture
* Public Opinion
* Political Participation
* Political Parties
* Elections and Campaigns
* Interest Groups
* Media
* Congress
* Presidency
* Bureaucracy
* Judiciary
* Policy-Making Process
* Economic Policy
* Social Welfare
* Civil Liberties
* Civil Rights
* Foreign and Military Policy
* Environmental Policy
* Who Governs? To What Ends?

### Appendices

* Answer Key to Review Questions
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/124
## Annotations

Pardon, monsieur (French) Excuse me, sir. Lenehan is noted for his frequent use of French. Joyce's principal model for Lenehan was Michael Hart, a friend's of Joyce's father who died around 1900; Hart too had a habit of speaking French. See 657.20, where Bloom recalls the death of Hart.
anno Domini (Latin) in the year of our Lord. Lenehan is using the phrase Anno Domini in a Pickwickian sense, meaning years.

## References

* ↑ Ellmann (1982), p. 365
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 136.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/126
## Annotations

Thanky vous (French) Lenehan whimsically turns Thank you into French by translating you (vous) and replacing Thank with a French-sounding hypocorism. The phrase does also sound like the German equivalent, Danke schön, though Lenehan has no history of quoting German.
Imperium romanum (Latin) The Roman Empire.
Cloacae Sewers; drains. The word is the plural of the Latin cloaca. In some versions of Ulysses the word is emended to the italicized Cloacae or the unitalicized "Cloacæ", but the word has been adopted into English, with its Latin plural, so no emendation is required. When an earlier draft of this episode was published in The Little Review in October 1918, the word was italicized: Cloacae.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 137.
* ↑ The Little Review, Volume 5, Number 6, Page 37.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/128
## Annotations

Dominus! (Latin) Lord! Some versions of Ulysses emend this to the vocative Domine!
KYRIE ELEISON (Greek) O Lord, have mercy. Kyrie eleison is a Latin tranliteration of a Greek prayer, the only piece of Greek to be retained in the Christian liturgy. In the Latin Tridentine Mass, which was still performed in 1904, the Kyrie was said or sung between the Introit and the Gloria.
Kyrios (Greek) Lord. This is a Latin transliteration of the Greek Κύριος.
Kyrie (Greek) O Lord, the vocative case of Kyrios. This is a Latin transliteration of the Greek κύριε.
Kyrie eleison (Greek) See KYRIE ELEISON above.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 138.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 139. Thornton (1968) 116.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 139.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/125
## Annotations

mazurka A mazurka is a lively Polish country dance in triple time; the dancers mark the heavy accent on the third (or sometimes the second) beat of each bar by tapping their heels or stamping their feet. Joyce's use of the noun as a verb is analogous to the similar treatment of the names of other dances, e.g. waltz, tango.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/127
## Annotations

Entrez, mes enfants (French) Enter, my children. Lenehan, as usual, cannot resist lapsing into French.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 138.
# Arimaa/Resources

* Official Arimaa website
* Arimaa Wiki
* Arimaa on Wikipedia
* Academic papers and presentations
* David Fotland's Arimaa program
* The Arimaa Public License
* Arimaa videos
* First official hand-crafted Arimaa set
* Play Arimaa game on the iGoogle homepage
* Play Arimaa game online at boardspace.net
Arimaav • d • e :
| | Overview · Playing the game · Introduction to tactics · Introduction to strategy |
| Concepts | Camel hostage · Other hostages · Frames · Trap control · Distribution of force · Rabbit advancement · Elephant blockade · Relative value of pieces · Advanced tactics |
| Execution | Setup · Race positions · Attack/Overview · Attack/Positioning · Attack/Techniques · Attack/Camel attacks · Attack/Against a camel trap · Attack/ED example · Lone elephant attacks |
| | Sample games · Challenge history · Glossary · Resources |
# Arimaa/Sample Games

* Omar vs. Fritzlein, 2005 Postal Championship
* Browni vs. Fritzlein, 2015 World Championship
* risteall vs. ChrisB (2018)

## Other resources

* Audio commentary (2014–2016 championships)
* Videos
** 'Think Out Loud' Match (2010): Live commentary from the players.
* The Arimaa Wiki has commentaries on some tournament games:
** 2009
** 2010
** 2011
** 2012
** 2018
* There have been three One vs. Mob games, with a single player against a team who discussed moves in the forum. The Ones were:
** chessandgo: game | forum
** Fritzlein: game | forum | Fritzlein's commentary
** bot_sharp (with the assistance of sharp's author, lightvector): game | forum | lightvector's commentary
* Big reversals: list of games where the players in worse positions came back and won (click on "Comments" if a direct game link doesn't work)
* Game archive: all games played on arimaa.com
Arimaav • d • e :
| | Overview · Playing the game · Introduction to tactics · Introduction to strategy |
| Concepts | Camel hostage · Other hostages · Frames · Trap control · Distribution of force · Rabbit advancement · Elephant blockade · Relative value of pieces · Advanced tactics |
| Execution | Setup · Race positions · Attack/Overview · Attack/Positioning · Attack/Techniques · Attack/Camel attacks · Attack/Against a camel trap · Attack/ED example · Lone elephant attacks |
| | Sample games · Challenge history · Glossary · Resources |
# Arithmetic Course/Expression
## Mathematical Expression

Mathematical representation of an arithmetic operations on variables
Example
    Ax + By + C = 3

## Mathematical Operations

* Addition
* Subtraction
* Multiplication
* Division
# Arithmetic Course/Non Linear Function/Circular Function
## Circular Function
### Real Number

    ${\frac {x^{2}}{a}}+{\frac {y^{2}}{b}}=1$
When x = 0
    $y=\pm {\sqrt {b}}$
When y = 0
    $x=\pm {\sqrt {a}}$
Further, when
    a = b . The function above is a Circular Function
    a > b . The function above is a Elliptical Function
    a < b . The function above is a Elliptical Function

### Complex Number

    ${\frac {x^{2}}{a}}-{\frac {y^{2}}{b}}=1$
When x = 0
    $y=\pm {\sqrt {-b}}$
    $y=\pm j{\sqrt {b}}$
When y = 0
    $x=\pm {\sqrt {-a}}$
    $y=\pm j{\sqrt {a}}$
The function above is a Circular Function in a Complex number
# Arithmetic Course/Differential Equation/First Order Equation
## First Order Equation

The general form of First Order Equation
    $A{\frac {df(x)}{dx}}+Bf(x)=0$
Which can be writte as
    ${\frac {df(x)}{dx}}=-{\frac {B}{A}}f(x)$
has one root of the exponential function form
    $f(x)=Ae^{-{\frac {B}{A}})t$

## Proof

Equation is an expression of one variable such that
    $A{\frac {df(x)}{dx}}+Bf(x)=0$
    ${\frac {df(x)}{dx}}+{\frac {B}{A}}f(x)=0$
    ${\frac {df(x)}{f(x)}}=-{\frac {B}{A}}dx$
    $\int {\frac {df(x)}{f(x)}}=-{\frac {B}{A}}\int dx$
    $Lnf(x)=-{\frac {B}{A}}t+C$
    $f(x)=e^{-{\frac {B}{A}}t+C]$
    $f(x)=e^{C}e^{-{\frac {B}{A}})t$
    $f(x)=Ae^{-{\frac {B}{A}})t$
# Arithmetic Course/Differential Equation/Second Order Equation
## Second Order Differential Equation

Second Ordered Differential Equation has the general form
    $A{\frac {d^{2}f(x)}{dx^{2}}}+B{\frac {df(x)}{dx}}+C=0$
Which can be expressed as
    ${\frac {d^{2}f(x)}{dx^{2}}}+{\frac {B}{A}}{\frac {df(x)}{dx}}+{\frac {C}{A}}=0$

## Solving 2nd Ordered Differential Equation

    $A{\frac {d^{2}f(x)}{dx^{2}}}+B{\frac {df(x)}{dx}}+C=0$
    ${\frac {d^{2}f(x)}{dx^{2}}}+{\frac {B}{A}}{\frac {df(x)}{dx}}+{\frac {C}{A}}=0$
    $s^{2}+{\frac {B}{A}}s+{\frac {C}{A}}=0$
    $s=(-\alpha \pm {\sqrt {\alpha ^{2}-\beta ^{2}}})x$
    $s=(-\alpha \pm \lambda )x$

### Case 1

    $\lambda =0$
    $\alpha ^{2}=\lambda ^{2}$
    $s=-\alpha x$
    $f(x)=e^{-\alpha x)$

### Case 2

    $\lambda >0$
    $\alpha ^{2}>\lambda ^{2}$
    $s=-\alpha x\pm \lambda x$
    $f(x)=e^{\alpha x)[e^{-\alpha x)+e^{-\alpha x)]$
    $f(x)=Ae^{\alpha x)Cos\lambda x$
    $A={\frac {1}{2}}e^{\alpha x)$

### Case 3

    $\lambda <0$
    $\alpha ^{2}<\lambda ^{2}$
    $s=-\alpha x\pm j\lambda x$
    $f(x)=e^{-\alpha x)[e^{\alpha x)+e^{-j\alpha x)]$
    $f(x)=Ae^{\alpha x)Sin\lambda x$
    $A={\frac {1}{2j}}e^{\alpha x)$