OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Open Source Psychology
## Purpose

The purpose of this Wikibook is to provide psychologists (and other scientists) the resources and guidance necessary to produce quality research at minimal cost with or without traditional funding sources.

## Table of Contents

* Why Open Source
* Collaboration
* Funding
** Traditional Funding
* Setting up your Project
* Prior Research
** Starting a References File
* Research Design
* Finding Participants
* Data Collection and Storage
** Data Encryption
* Analysis
* Writing a Journal Article
* Creating a Poster
* Getting Published
* Index
# Open Source Psychology/Data Encryption

Some files that you will collect will need to be encrypted due to your Institutional Review Board Protocol, other regulations, or you simply want to protect your data so you can safely transfer it.
Encryption is the process of encoding your data so that even if an unauthorized person intercepts the data, they will be unable to access the raw data.

## De-identifying Data

If you simply want to change your data so that individuals can no longer be linked to their data, but that you still have all data points with unique user ids, you will need to de-identify your data.
Identifiable data is anything that can be used to link information back to a specific individual. This normally includes names, address, social security numbers, other identification numbers, etc., but can include much less obvious indicators of who the person is.
In R, open the 'digest' package
You will then want to 'salt' the unique values so that nobody can reverse the hash codes through brute force...
# Open Standards/ChoirWire distributed audio mixing

ChoirWire is a scalable, fault tolerant, distributed digital sound mixer system especially for life concert purposes.
A distributed sound mixing system is able to grow together with the choir or ensemble.
Aim of the project is to define an open standard for the physical and logical data layer so that different hardware and software projects worldwide by students or professionals can be established and work together.
Fig.1: Example of Use-Case of ChoirWire standard
ChoirWire is a definition for a low cost system with good performance and the possibility of high channel count. Goal is not to define state of the art. (Distributed audio mixers which are coupled via optical high speed communication are on the market for a few mio. Dollars.)
This KISS-standard shall be suitable for a stage audio system with 2-512 input channels, two main and up to four distributed monitor outputs and one remote mixing console. Every distributed input has its own adjustable logical address (0-255) on which it is identified. It doesn’t care on which socket an input is plugged in. The amount of data shall not be too high so that standard components with low cost can be used. Nevertheless a data main stream of 2x23bit is foreseen to make high quality as well possible as single chip solutions.

## Contents

   * Main principle
   * Definition of the ChoirWire standard
   * Conformity to ChoirWire standard
   * Application Examples
# OpenSCAD Tutorial/Introduction
## About OpenSCAD

OpenSCAD is a solid 3D CAD modelling software that enables the creation of CAD models through a scripting file. The domain specific language designed for this purpose allows the creation of fully parametric models by combining and transforming available primitives as well as custom objects.

## About this tutorial

This tutorial assumes zero programming or CAD knowledge and is designed to guide you step by step through examples and exercises that will quickly build your understanding and provide you with the right tools to create your own models. Emphasis is placed on parametric design principles that will allow you to rapidly modify your creations and build your own library of reusable and combinable models.
The majority of presented examples and solutions to exercises are available as separate OpenSCAD scripts here.
As of 29-11-2019 this tutorial as well as all accompanying material were completely developed as a Google Season of Docs project.
# OpenSCAD User Manual/3D to 2D Projection

Using the projection function, you can create 2d drawings from 3d models, and export them to the dxf format. It works by projecting a 3D model to the (x,y) plane, with z at 0. If cut=true, only points with z=0 are considered (effectively cutting the object), with cut=false(the default), points above and below the plane are considered as well (creating a proper projection).
Example: Consider example002.scad, that comes with OpenSCAD.
Then you can do a 'cut' projection, which gives you the 'slice' of the x-y plane with z=0.
You can also do an 'ordinary' projection, which gives a sort of 'shadow' of the object onto the xy plane.
Another Example
You can also use projection to get a 'side view' of an object. Let's take example002, and move it up, out of the X-Y plane, and rotate it:
Now we can get a side view with projection
Links:
# OpenSCAD User Manual/Building on Mac OS X

For building OpenSCAD, see https://github.com/openscad/openscad/blob/master/README.md
# OpenSCAD Tutorial/examples/a cube with different side lengths

cube([20,30,50]);
# Radiation Oncology/Bladder/Staging

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Bladder Cancer Staging

## AJCC 7th Edition (2009)

Primary Tumor:
* Ta - non-invasive papillary carcinoma
* Tis - carcinoma in situ, "flat tumor"
* T1 - invades subepithelial connective tissue
* T2 - invades muscularis propria
** T2a - invades superficial muscle (inner half)
** T2b - invades deep muscle (outer half)
* T3 - invades perivesical tissue
** T3a - microscopically
** T3b - macroscopically (extravesical mass)
* T4 - invades other organs
** T4a - invades prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina
** T4b - invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall
Regional Lymph Nodes:
    Regional nodes include (primary nodal drainage): hypogastric, obturator, iliac (int/ext), perivesical, sacral, presacral
    Regional nodes (secondary nodal drainage): common iliac
* N0 - none
* N1 - single LN metastasis in the true pelvis (below common iliac)
* N2 - multiple LN metastases in the true pelvis (below common iliac)
* N3 - metastases to the common iliac LNs
Stage Grouping:
* Stage 0a - Ta N0M0
* Stage 0is - Tis N0M0
* Stage I - T1 N0
* Stage II - T2 N0
* Stage III - T3N0 or T4aN0
* Stage IV - T4b or any N+ or M1
Changes from 6th Edition:
* For T4 via prostate invasion, must invade prostate stroma. Subepithelial invasion of the prostatic urethra is not sufficient to qualify for T4.
* N-stages reclassified

## Older staging systems

AJCC 6th Edition (2002)
Primary Tumor:
* Ta - non-invasive papillary carcinoma
* Tis - carcinoma in situ, "flat tumor"
* T1 - invades subepithelial connective tissue
* T2 - invades muscle
** T2a - invades superficial muscle (inner half)
** T2b - invades deep muscle (outer half)
* T3 - invades perivesical tissue
** T3a - microscopically
** T3b - macroscopically (extravesical mass)
* T4 - invades other organs
** T4a - invades prostate, uterus, vagina
** T4b - invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall
Regional Lymph Nodes:
    Regional nodes are the nodes of the true pelvis below the common iliac.
* N1 - single LN, 2 cm or less
* N2 - single LN 2-5 cm; or multiple LN < 5 cm
* N3 - LN > 5 cm
Stage Grouping:
* Stage 0a - Ta N0M0
* Stage 0is - Tis N0M0
* Stage I - T1 N0
* Stage II - T2 N0
* Stage III - T3N0 or T4aN0
* Stage IV - T4b or any N+ or M1
AJCC 5th Edition (1997)
No changes compared to 6th Edition
AJCC 4th edition (1992)
* T1 (same), T2 (superficial muscle), T3a (deep muscle), T3b (perivesical fat), T4 (invades prostate, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, abdominal wall)
UICC Staging: 3rd Edition (1978)
* 3rd edition (1978) - T3 is deep muscle invasion (similar to T2b)
# Radiation Oncology/Biological Therapy Agents

(1) Biological therapy for cancer is a type of treatment that uses the body's immune system to kill cancer cells
(2) Biological therapy for cancer is used in the treatment of many types of cancer to prevent or slow tumor growth and to prevent the spread of cancer
(3) Biological therapy for cancer often causes fewer toxic side effects than do other cancer treatments
* Adoptive cell transfer
* Angiogenesis inhibitors
* Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy
* Biochemotherapy
* Cancer vaccines
* Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy
* Cytokine therapy
* Gene therapy
* Immune checkpoint modulators
* Immunoconjugates
* Monoclonal antibodies
* Oncolytic virus therapy
* Targeted drug therapy
# Radiation Oncology/Bladder

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Bladder Cancer
* Staging
* Overview
* Superficial bladder cancer
* Muscle-invasive bladder cancer
* RT Technique
* RTOG bladder trials
* Randomized evidence
* Official guidelines
# Radiation Oncology/Bile duct/Unresectable Disease/Brachytherapy

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
=Animal Model
# Radiation Oncology/Bladder/Guidelines

Bladder Cancer Guidelines
Contouring:
# Rhetoric and Composition/Introduction
## Welcome

Dear Student, Educator, or Aspiring Writer:
Welcome to the Rhetoric and Composition Wikibook. This wikitext is designed as a full textbook replacement in first-year college composition programs. Feel free to use it in your classrooms and edit it as you see fit.
This free wikitext exists primarily as a free alternative to expensive commercial textbooks. Our desire is to make college writing instruction available to anyone with the desire to learn. Finally, we hope that readers like you will not only benefit from our work, but also contribute to its ongoing development. Whether you are a student, teacher, professor, professional writer, or anyone else interested in the subject--we invite you to join our multimedia composition by fixing mistakes, adding and editing content.
This book is written as a practical guide for students struggling to improve their writing to meet the standards expected of them by their professors, instructors, employers and co-workers. We have avoided complicated "textbook language" and jargon in favor of plain, easily understood language. Instead of complex theories of composition or linguistics, we have simply passed on what has worked well for us in our own experiences as college writers and instructors. This book is largely written by real college writers who know what it takes to earn an A on their writing projects.
You are encouraged to contribute to this book's development by editing whatever sections you feel you can improve upon. You should first, however, make liberal use of the "Discussion" tab on each page to offer suggestions or ask questions. If you do make substantial revisions, please consider adding your name and information to our Authors Page.
Thank you,
Rhetoric and Composition Wikitext Staff
# Rhetoric and Composition/Homonyms

Homonyms can be tricky to figure out! The following examples of common homonym mistakes prove that spell-check can only go so far in helping to error proof your document.
Remember that two words that sound the same don't always have the same meaning. If you are ever in doubt which one to use, check your dictionary.

### Affect, Effect

   * Affect is most commonly a verb, usually meaning 'influence'. (An easy way to remember this is that 'affect' starts with an "a", as does 'action'.) As a noun, it is a psychological term for emotion.
   * Effect is most common as a noun meaning 'result'. 'Effect' used as a verb means 'bring about' some kind of change.
   ** Example: The game affected the standings. Its effect was overwhelming. It effected a change in the affect of the winning team's captain.

### Afterward, Afterwards, Afterword

   * Afterward and afterwards are synonymous adverbs meaning that an event occurs later than another.
   * An afterword is an epilogue.

### Aid, Aide

   * Aid is a noun meaning 'assistance' or a verb meaning 'assist'.
   * An aide is a person who serves or offers assistance.
   ** Example: "The aide will aid the victim."

### It's, Its

   * It's is a contraction, short for either It is or It has.
   * Its is the possessive form of it. This usually means that the following noun phrase belongs to 'it'. It is important to recognise that 'its' the possessive form does not have an apostrophe - it is in the same category as 'his'.
   ** Example: "It's (It is) my dog." "The computer crashed a few minutes ago, and it's (it has) done it again!" "What is its name?"

### Lay, Lie

   * Lay is the action word.
   * Lie is the state of being or a telling someone something untruthful on purpose.
   ** Example: "I will lay the book on the desk."
   ** Example: "I plan to lay in bed most of Saturday."
   ** Example: "Jim will probably lie to get out of being punished for breaking the window."

### To, Too, Two

    Figuring out which of these three forms have stumped more than one person! You can find a quick way to tell them apart below:
   * To is generally used to describe a relationship between things. It is also used as an infinitive verb, as in "I love to eat."
   ** Example: "Matt is going to the doctor." "This gift is to you." "It is ten minutes to seven."
   * Too is usually used when you are describing an excess or is used when noting something is in addition
   ** Example: "I usually eat too much on Thanksgiving." or "Joe cleaned the house, washed the car, and mowed the lawn, too.
   * Two is the word you use for the number 2.
   ** Example: "You have two minutes left before class starts."

### Then, Than

   * Then indicates time.
   ** Example: "First we went to dinner, and then we went to the show."
   * Than is comparative.
   ** Example: "I would rather see the comedy than see the horror movie."

### Versus, Verses

   * Versus indicates opposition.
   * Verses is the plural of verse, as related to poetry.
# Rhetoric and Composition/Hyphens and Dashes

Dashes ("—", "–") are used to mark an interruption within a sentence, while hyphens ("-") are used to join two parts of a compound word, or to indicate that a word has been split at the end of a line. A dash is approximately as long as two hyphens.

## Dash

Dashes are minus-shaped characters used to mark an interruption within a sentence. They are used in much the same way as parentheses.
There are two kinds of dashes: em dashes looking like "—", and shorter en dashes looking like "–". It is usual to either use em dashes without spacing, or en dashes with spacing, but not em dashes with spacing, as shown in the following two examples:
    Example: Three unlikely companions—a canary, an eagle, and a parrot—flew by my window in an odd flock.
    Example: Three unlikely companions – a canary, an eagle, and a parrot – flew by my window in an odd flock.
In most word processors, there is a keystroke combination that will produce an em-dash:
* Windows: em-dash: Alt-0151.
* Windows: en-dash: Alt-0150.
* Mac: em-dash: shift-option-dash.

## Hyphen

A hyphen joins two parts of a compound word.
    Example: governor-elect, twenty-five, half-baked.
Hyphens can also be used to make compound words more understandable. Consider these words:
* Man-eating dog
* Man eating dog
The first example describes a particular type of dog (man-eating). The second example, alas, suggests that a man is eating a dog.
Or consider the case of the flaming-red pickup truck, as opposed to its more alarming cousin, the flaming red pickup truck.
In general, if the first of two adjectives is describing the second, and not the noun following, you should use a hyphen: deep-blue water, good-tasting hamburger, happy-faced child.

## Width Difference

The em dash is roughly as wide as two hyphens. In the days of typewriters, it was actually written as two hyphens. An en dash is shorter than em dash while wider than a hyphen.

## Bibliography

* W:Dash
* W:Hyphen
← Quotation Marks · Parentheses →
# Rhetoric and Composition/Know your patterns

Elsabeth Belecaw Belecaw 1
Professor Dahlen
June 14, 2020
shows me his car. Then he helps me to put my stuff in his car and we start going to his house. On the way, we talk about the weather and about my flight with broken English.
easier And, I start enjoying life in Dubai. I think I was lucky because I heard many problems with other housemaids. Like, not get enough food from their employer, late payment
# Rhetoric and Composition/Index

This is an alphabetical index of the book. See also Detailed TOC.

## A

* Anxiety
* Annotated Bibliography
* APA
* Argument
* Articles
* Audience
** Determining
** Considering

## B

* Bibliography
* Brackets
* Brainstorming

## C

* Capitalization
* Citations
** Citations and Plagiarism
* Clustering
* Collaborating
* Colons
* Commas
* Comma Splice

## D

* Dangling modifier
* Dashes
* Deduction
* Description
* Drafting

## E

* Editing
* Exposition

## F

* Figures of Speech
* Freewriting

## G

* Grammar

## H

* Hyphens
* Humanities, Writing in the

## I

* Induction

## L

* Logic
** Deductive logic
** Inductive logic
* Logical fallacies
* Logical fallacies 2

## M

* Mechanics
* MLA

## N

* Narration
* Non sequitur

## O

* Outlining

## P

* Parentheses
* Peer review
* Planning
* Presentation, Oral
* Prewriting
* Publishing
* Punctuation

## Q

* Quotation marks

## R

* Researching
* Reviewing
* Revising
* Rhetorical analysis

## S

* Sciences, Writing in the
* Semicolons
* Sentence structure

## T

* Thesis
* Title

## W

** Web, Writing for the
# Rhetoric and Composition/Mechanics
## What is Mechanics?

The word "mechanics" refers primarily to spelling and punctuation; in short, aspects of writing that are not shared by speaking. When and where should you use a comma? What are the rules for semicolons? Questions like this..
* Punctuation
Periods, colons, semi-colons, commas, question marks, apostrophes, hyphens, parentheses, brackets, and dashes.
# Rhetoric and Composition/Lack of agreement between noun and pronoun
## Rules

Pronouns (words such as it, her, them, this, someone, who, him, they, themselves, herself, etc.) replace specific nouns (persons, places, or things) so you don't have to keep repeating them. Like subjects and verbs, pronouns and nouns need to agree in "number": in whether they are singular or plural. They also need to agree in gender: masculine, feminine, or inclusive (both).
Errors in noun-pronoun agreement usually simply result from writing quickly and not editing closely enough. Three specific instances, though, can cause problems:
* The nouns each, and one are all singular and take singular pronouns; either or neither is singular unless it specifically refers to plural alternatives.
* When using singular nouns that refer to both sexes or for which the gender is not known, use both masculine and feminine pronouns together (him or her, he or she, himself or herself, his or her) or rewrite the sentence to make the noun and the pronoun both plural. (If all of the members of a group are of one gender, it is acceptable to use the male or female pronoun, as in "Each member of the football team will take his gear onto the bus.")
* Some nouns can be either singular or plural: audience, group, team, unit, class, and others. Use a singular pronoun if the group is acting as a unit, as in "The audience expressed its appreciation with loud applause." Use a plural pronoun if the group is acting as individual members, as in "The team went their separate ways, some showering, some leaving the stadium, some drinking champagne, and some going home to sleep." [In the second example, it's a good idea to write "team members" to be clear.]
* The words "They" and "Their" are third-person plural personal pronouns in Modern English. The "singular" they and their is used as a gender-neutral singular rather than as a plural pronoun, but the correctness of this usage is disputed.

## Examples

* Every one of the studies indicated their its methodology.
* Neither Jackson nor Juarez believed they he had been represented unfairly.
* Each researcher included a control group with their his his or her test group.
* By 1999, the lacrosse team had outgrown their its space.
* Neither a crocodile nor a lion are is a suitable pet.
* Either Ed or Bill are is a plumber.
But --
* Neither crocodiles nor lions is are suitable pets.
* Either Ed and Bill or Ted and Jeff is are plumbers.
# Rhetoric and Composition/Lack of agreement between subject and verb

Subject agreement is that the agreement of subjects and verbs

## Examples

* Singular: The whale, which doesn’t mature sexually until six or seven years old and which has only one calf per year, is at risk for extinction because it reproduces so slowly.
* Plural: During election season, several civic groups sponsor public debates in which candidates present their views and audience members ask questions.
* Singular: Digging a few inches into the dunes, even at 750 feet above the valley floor, reveals wet sand.
* Plural: The dunes comprise small rocks and dry, sandy soil that constantly form strange designs under the ever-present wind.

## What is subject-verb agreement?

Subject-verb agreement is something most native speakers know pretty automatically, but we can make mistakes when writing, especially when several words separate a particular subject and verb. As you can see in the following examples, “of” phrases can be misleading, too. The trick is to find the “root” noun: the one actually performing the action of the verb. There are two easy ways to spot the subject of a sentence: 1) Find the verb and ask the question, "Who or what is performing this act?" 2) Cross out all prepositional phrases. These simply tasks should lead you right to the subject of the sentence.

## Examples

* Characteristics of the middle child often include an equitable temperament and high feelings of security and self-esteem.
* The opportunity cost of loaning out the funds is usually reflected in the interest rate.
* A certain percentage of the cars produced by major manufacturers meets stricter emission standards in order for the company to sell their products in regulated regions.

## Other guidelines

Other guidelines for making subjects and verbs agree include:
* Noncount nouns — those that don’t have a singular or plural form, such as furniture, baggage, poetry, melancholy — take a singular verb.
* Two or more singular nouns joined by an “and” take a plural verb: A timely, relevant topic and an environment of trust produce a good class discussion.
* When two nouns differing in number are joined by “or,” the verb should take the form of the noun closest to it: Most viewers of the painting assume that either the monkey’s antics or the handler’s chagrin causes the young men’s laughter.
If you struggle with problems in subject-verb agreement, leave time to edit your paper once through just for that error: go through each sentence, underlining each subject and verb pair and checking that they agree.