OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Urban Traffic Operations/VISSIM
## VISSIM Introduction

VISSIM is a package used for transportation analysis and micro simulation. VISSIM provides various features to analyse different transportation models and produce results with traffic forecasts and simulations of traffic. It can model all modes of travel including all types of vehicles, public transport modes and pedestrainas. A detailed analysis of vehicles and network performance can be done using VISSIM. The models in VISSIM determines verious transportation problems like
* Travel Time analysis
* Service Time and Delay Analysis
* Level of Service
* Impact of Toll Booths and metered roads
* Required number of lanes
* Required number of toll booths etc.,

## Micro Simulation

VISSIM provides 3D visualizations of real time traffic. The analysed network can be transformed to real time elements by using various tools provided in vissim. The traffic simulation can be run by means of obtained results and the accident analysis, crash analysis, runnin time, congestions etc can be visualized in micro simulation. It is useful for testing of various Intelligent Transport Systems strategies like variable message sign boards, signal priorities, ramp metering, network analysis, corridor analysis and various control techniques that could be implemented in city traffic systems.

## Applications of VISSIM

There are vast applications of Vissim Software in Transportation and Urban Planning industries. The forecasting and modelling of future transport provides better planning strategies and retain for longer years. Some of the applications of VISSIM can be listed as follows:
* Traffic Impact Assesment
* Pedestraian Studies
* Parking Studies
* Vehicle Simulation
* Toll Plaza Evaluation
* Multi Model Interchanges
* Bus Rapid Transit Systems
* Traffic Management
* Wide Area Traffic Networks
* Interchanges
* Sensitivity Analysis
* Logistic Hubs
* Terminal Station Designs
* Pedestrian Simulation
VISSIM can simulate traffic of major developed countries and developing countries. It can be diversely used for various transport systems following across the world.
# Urdu/About
## Current Development

* General: the main talk page.
* Planning: Important Guidelines

## Downloadable and Print Versions

* Updating:
** If a lesson is added or the name of an existing lesson is changed, please update:
*** The print version
** It is not necessary to update these versions if the sections within these main lesson pages are altered.

## Templates

* All Templates
** Click here

## Authors

Active:
* Sultan Zahir Khan
Inactive:
Others:
* Others (add your name and thoughts here if you are a serious contributor)
* Other anonymous Wikibook contributers (see individual page histories).
* Numerous other Wikibooks contributors, especially those from the German Wikibooks.

## History

Under Construction
# Urban Traffic Operations/Traffic Flow Theory/Macroscopic Simulation
## Fundamental Diagram

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_diagram_of_traffic_flow

## The Cell Transmission Model (CTM) model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_Transmission_Model
# Urdu/Appendices

Urdu اردو :
| Reading & Writing ||
| Introduction Alphabet | Nasta'liq Transliteration |
| Lessons ||
| Basic Elementary | Intermediate Advanced |
| Exercises ||
| Reference ||
| Vocabulary Grammar | Dialects Linguistic Terms |
| Related Wikibooks ||
| Hindi | Persian |
| Miscellaneous ||
| Appendices | Random lessons |
Appendices to Urdu related articles.

## Online references

* Hindi-Urdu phrasebook on Wikivoyage
* Urdu wiktionary
* UrduWord Urdu-English dictionary
* A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English

## Books for learning Urdu
### Introductory

* David Matthews and Mohamed Kasim. Teach Yourself Urdu: Complete Audio Cd Program. ISBN 0071414568
* Khawaja M. Zakariya. Urdu for Beginners. ISBN 1567444482

### Grammar

* Ruth Laila Schmidt. Urdu: An Essential Grammar. ISBN 0415163811

### Dictionaries / Phrasebooks

* Salim Rahman (Editor) and Sara Naqvi (Translator). The Oxford English-Urdu Dictionary ISBN 0195793358
* Read Urdu Books Online
# Urdu/Basic Urdu

Using Subject and Predicate Logic
I am a student : main student hoon You are a soldier : tum sipahi hoo
Subject here is : Main, tum Predicate here is : student hoon, sipahi hoo

## To be (Auxiliary verb)

It is called Hoonaa in Urdu
Auxiliaries with respect to Present Tense
* hoon: Usage with first person
* hoo: Usage with second person informal
* hain: Usage in plural sense
These are our things: Yeh hamari cheezain hain
* What are you doing ? : Tum kya kar rahay hoo
* I am in trouble? : Main mushkil main ghira hoon
Auxiliaries with respect to Past Tense
* thaa : usage with masculine and singular
* thay : usage with plural and masculine
* thii : usage with singular and feminine
* thiin : usage with plural and feminine

## Nouns

In Urdu there are only two genders namely Masculine and Feminine. It is very difficult for a new user to differentiate between the two genders easily; instead, the gender of each noun should be memorized. There are some helpful guidelines to determine them:
Masculine Nouns: Nouns ending in aa are normally masculine
* Dadaa : Grandfather
* Abaa : Father
* Bache: boy (child)
* Bakraa : Male Goat
Feminine Nouns: Nouns ending in ii are normally feminine
* dadii : grandmother
* bachii: girl (child)
* Bakrii: female goat
There may be some exceptions to these rules. For e.g friend or dost could be a girlfriend or boyfriend although the other part of the sentence may disclose the gender (e.g. from adjective or verb agreement).
It it also possible to make a noun out of a verb. All verbs are normally masculine where used as infinitives. Some endings may be used to derive a noun from them
1. ii, n, hat and waat' may be used to make a feminine noun of a verb
* muskaan : muskaraana : muskrarahat
2. oo, 'pan', may be used to make a masculine noun of a given verb
# Urdu/Adjectives

There are two kinds of Adjectives in Urdu
* Those who end end in consonant or any vowel excluding a
* Those who singular form for masculine ends in a
The first (those ending in consonants but excluding "a") does not inflect where as the second one inflects with respect to gender and the number of the qualifying noun.
This inflection for the second case is shown below (Tiwari, [1966] 2004).
| | Masculine | Masculine | Masculine | Masculine | Feminine | Feminine | Feminine | Feminine |
| | / نیلا / nīlā — blue | / نیلا / nīlā — blue | / نیلا / nīlā — blue | / نیلا / nīlā — blue | / نیلی / nīlī — blue | / نیلی / nīlī — blue | / نیلی / nīlī — blue | / نیلی / nīlī — blue |
| | Declined word | Declined word | Case suffix | Case suffix | Declined word | Declined word | Case suffix | Case suffix |
| | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Direct | نیلا / nīlā | نیلے / nīle | - | e | نیلی / nīlī | / نیلی / nīlī | - | - |
| Oblique | / نیلے / nīle | / نیلے / nīle | e | e | / نیلی / nīlī | / نیلی / nīlī | - | - |
| Vocative | / نیلے / nīle | /نیلے / nīle | e | e | / نیلی / nīlī | / نیلی / nīlī | - | - |
Note:
* If the noun to be qualified consists of multiple words of different numbers and genders, then the adjective must agree with that particular noun which it immediately precedes or follows.
* Some long ā ending adjectives do not undergo any inflection with respect to gender or number at all. These exceptions include adjectives ending in yā (e.g., / گھٹِیا / gʱaṭiyā — poor, دُودھِیا / dūdʱiyā — milky), vā (e.g., سوا / savā — quarter, بھگوا / bʱagavā — saffron), Sanskrit tatsams (e.g. مہا / mahā — great), Persian-Arabic words that originally ended in ah but as Hindī loanwords end in long ā (e.g. سالانا / sālānā — annual, تازہ / tāzā — fresh, مُردا / murdā — dead, مردانا / mardānā — manly etc.), and certain other adjectives (e.g. چؤکنّا / caukannā — alert, تنہا / tanhā — lonely etc.).
There is no definite article (the) in Urdu, although increased Arabization has brought in ال(ul) as a near substitute, an example being ul-burj (the building). The numeral ایک / ek (one) may be used for the singular indefinite article if it needs to be stressed.
There are many ways of making positive–comparative–superlative forms of adjectives:
* سے / se,
* کے مُقابلے / ke muqābale
* زیادہ / zyādā + adj.
* سب سے / sab se
* سب سے زیادہ / sab se zyādā
* سب سے کم / sab se kam
# Urdu/Adverbs
### Adverbs

Normally, the adverbs in Urdu are indeclinable. However, when present and past participles are used as adverbs, they must be declined like adjectives to agree with the number and gender of the subject. But when long-a ending adjectives are used as adverbs, the standard usage is that they must not be declined.
Pre-adjectives (adverbs that qualify adjectives and adverbs) are sometimes treated as a separate category. Such common words include /bohot/ (very), /zyadaa/ (much), /kuch/ (a little), etc.
# Urdu/Alphabet/Aliph

The letter aliph (sometimes also Latinised aleph or alif) is the first letter in the Urdu alphabet. The sound of the letter is that of an ‘a’ or ‘u’ in the English language especially as used in the words ‘art’ or ‘umbrella’. The voice is usually dependent on the context this letter is used in. For Urdu, this letter was borrowed from the Arabic language where also it serves as the first letter in the alphabet.
# What is leadership?

According to Sinclair leadership is the product of emotional and unconscious needs (Sinclair). Early experiences help aspire people to become leaders. One must also have leadership traits and skills that are more often viewed as masculine qualities. I believe this is one of the many reasons why we see so few females in leadership. (OE)
Leadership should be about qualities and attributes, not gender. Today’s society has distorted the image of a leader. Society has molded the image of leadership to whoever can be the most powerful and influential through whatever means possible. (OE)
# Wooden Boats: Building and Repair/Additional Resources/Periodicals
## USA

* Small Craft Advisor
* Wooden Boat

## UK

* Classic Boat

## France

* Le Chasse-Marée
# Wooden Boats: Building and Repair/Hand Tools/Overview

Hand tools of use to a wooden boat builder might include:
A jack plane e.g. Stanley #5
A small block plane e.g. Stanley #118 or Stanley #60½
A Japanese hand saw with flexible blade that cuts on the pull stroke.
An abundance of clamps is essential. Simple G-clamps are most useful.
# References

Sinclair, Amanda. "Doing Leadership Differently: Gender, Power, and Sexuality in a Changing Business Culture." Victoria, Australia: Melbourne Print. 1998.
Fountaine, Susan, and Judy McGregor. "Reconstructing Gender for the 21st Century: News Media Framing of Political Women in New Zealand." Web. 6 Aug. 2015.
# Society’s Influence

Females are under a lot of criticism from society, to look perfectly presentable, be seen but not heard, and “go with the flow”. An article on political women and media coverage of the women in New Zealand stated that in 2000 women comprised eighteen percent of news subjects (Fountaine & McGregor). What does this say about the news media? Does the news really not have anything else to cover besides women’s looks? (OE)
Fountaine and McGregor discussed framing theory and gender, which discusses how one can “frame” what they want covered in the media. One could think of framing theory as keeping secrets, you expose what you want people to see and know but keep other things hidden. For example, politicians, especially female politicians. The media criticizes them based on their appearance rather than what they have to say. This is an example of how the media is framing society to judge the female politicians by their looks instead of their beliefs and what they have to say. (OE)
# Wooden Boats: Building and Repair/Additional Resources/Books
## Beginners Boat Building Books
### Plank on Frame

Building Small Boats by Greg Rossel Hardcover: 288 pages Publisher: Wooden Boat Publications (December 15, 1998) ISBN: 0937822507
Wooden Boats to Build & Use by John Gardner Paperback: 261 pages Publisher: Mystic Seaport Museum (November 1996) ISBN: 0913372781
Building Classic Small Craft : Complete Plans and Instructions for 47 Boats by John Gardner Paperback: 560 pages Publisher: International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press; 2 edition (August 12, 2003) ISBN: 007142797X
More Building Classic Small Craft: How to Build 23 Traditional Boats by John Gardner Paperback: 241 pages Publisher: Intl Marine Pub; Reprint edition (March 1990) ISBN: 0877422745
Dory Book by John Gardner Paperback: 275 pages Publisher: Mystic Seaport Museum (June 1987) ISBN: 0913372447
Traditional boatbuilding made easy: Building Heidi, a 12 foot skiff for oar and sail by Richard Kolin Unknown Binding: 85 pages Publisher: WoodenBoat Books; 2nd [ed] edition (January 1, 1999) ASIN: B0006RA0TS

### Plywood

Devlin's Boatbuilding: How to Build Any Boat the Stitch-and-Glue Way
by Samual Devlin Paperback: 198 pages Publisher: International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press; 1 edition (October 25, 1995) ISBN: 0071579907
Clinker Plywood Boatbuilding Manual by Iain Oughtred Paperback: 174 pages Publisher: Wooden Boat Publications (March 1, 2000) ISBN: 0937822612

## Repair

Boatowner's Mechanical & Electrical Manual: How to Maintain, Repair, and Improve Your Boat's Essential Systems by Nigel Calder, Charlie Wing Hardcover: 592 pages ; Dimensions (in inches): 1.08 x 11.12 x 8.74
Publisher: International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press; 2nd edition (November 1, 1995)
ISBN: 007009618X
Marine Diesel Engines: Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Repair by Nigel Calder Hardcover: 224 pages ; Dimensions (in inches): 0.81 x 9.54 x 7.54
Publisher: International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press; 2nd edition (December 1, 1991)
ISBN: 0070096120
Wooden Boat Renovation: New Life for Old Boats Using Modern Methods by Jim Trefethen, Clint Trefethen (Illustrator)
Hardcover: 302 pages ; Dimensions (in inches): 1.06 x 9.57 x 7.64
Publisher: International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press; (January 1, 1993)
ISBN: 0070652392
Frame, Stem & Keel Repair (The WoodenBoat Series) Edited by Peter H Spectre Paperback: 133 pages Publisher: Wooden Boat Publications (September 1996) ISBN: 0937822426
Planking and Fastening (The WoodenBoat Series) by Peter Spectre & Maynard Bray Paperback: 170 pages Publisher: Wooden Boat Publications (September 1996) ISBN: 0937822418
Painting and Varnishing (The Woodenboat Series) Edited by Peter H. Spectre Paperback: 146 pages Publisher: Wooden Boat Publications (October 1995) ISBN: 0937822337
The Boatwright's Companion: Repairs Below the Waterline by Allen Taub Paperback: 161 pages Publisher: International Marine Publishing (January 1986) ISBN: 0877421986
Repairs by Walter Simmons
Guidance on Inspection, Repair, and Maintenance of Wooden Hulls - U.S. Coast Guard
# Wooden Boats: Building and Repair/Additional Resources/Websites
## Important Resources

* WoodenBoat Magazine

## Individual Projects

* "Victorious" - Restoration Project
* "Rocquette" - Restoration Project

## Schools and Courses
### USA

* The Wooden Boat School

### UK

* Boat Building Academy - Lyme Regis
* International Boat Building Training College
* Falmouth Marine School
# Wooden Boats: Building and Repair

This project is an attempt to create an easy to use reference book on building and repairing wooden boats.

## Table of Contents

* What is a wooden boat?
* History

### Hand Tools

* Overview
* Description and Use
* Maintenance and Restoration

### Power Tools

* Overview
* Description and Use
* Maintenance and Restoration

### Painting and Varnishing

* Overview
* Brushes
* Brushing Liquid (thinning varnish)

## Additional Resources

* Websites
* Books
* Periodicals
# Visual Basic .NET/Operators
## Operators

Programming languages have a set of operators that perform arithmetical operations, and others such as Boolean operations on truth values, and string operators manipulating strings of text. Computers are mathematical devices, but compilers and interpreters require a full syntactic theory of all operations in order to parse formulae involving any combinations correctly. In particular they depend on operator precedence rules, on order of operations, that are tacitly assumed in mathematical writing.
Conventionally, the computing usage of operator also goes beyond the mathematical usage (for functions). In Visual Basic.NET, New, AddressOf and CType are operators. You can also define your own uses for operators. When an operator is alphanumeric rather than a punctuation character, it is sometimes called a named operator.
So operators are special symbols that are used to represent for example simple computations like addition and multiplication. Most of the operators in VB.NET do exactly what you would expect them to do, because they are common mathematical symbols. For example, the operator for adding two integers is +.
# Assemblies and Manifests

A Microsoft.NET Assembly is an exe or dll. Assemblies are the basic unit of deployment. An assembly consists of 4 components:
* Assembly Metadata (also known as Assembly Manifest)
** This is sort of like a packaging list of everything that is required for this assembly to work. A manifest contains:
*** Version requirements
*** Security Identity
*** Scope of assembly
* Type Metadata
* IL (Intermediate Language)
* Resources
# Visual Basic .NET/Objects

OBJECTS The world is full of objects,such as motor cars,dogs,cities,people,customers,cash registers and so on.We can also consider an object to be a container for data,with attributes,and the operations needed to manipulate that data.Objects function well as software modules because they can be created, used and maintained independently of one another.
# Visual Basic .NET/Security

There are two types of security in .NET
* Code Access Security - security access that a program may have, independent of the user
* Role-based Security - security access that a particular user account has

### Permission

A Permission is the ability to do something, for example delete a file.
There are three sorts of permission:
* Code access permission - access to a resource or ability to perform an operation. E.g. Access to a file, ability to delete a file
* Identity permission -
* Role-based security permission - whether a user is a particular user, or belongs to a particular user group. e.g. a successful login.

### Type safety

Type safety in the .NET security context refers to the permissions that computer programs (rather than users) have, in particular it indicates how much of the computer's memory it can access. A program that is verifiably type safe can only access memory related to itself, and only in the correct manner. It is an advantage to write verifiably type safe programs because they won't trigger those annoying confirmation messages in Windows Vista, and users are more likely to download them because they are much less likely to be malware.

### Evidence

Evidence is a piece of information, e.g. a password, electronic signature or certificate, that the framework uses to establish what permissions are available to the user or program.

### Identities, Roles and Principals

An Identity is analogous to a user account. A Role is similar to a user group (e.g. "Administrator"). A Principal is something like the concept of "the currently logged in user". It represents the totality of the access currently available to the program from the combination of code access security and the Identity and Role being used. The Principal is the computer program, acting on the user's behalf. Different identities can also used by the Principal, through impersonation. e.g. a website might perform file operations that the user of the website might not be allowed to perform directly.
# Visual Basic .NET/Style Guide

This is the style guide for the Visual Basic .NET wikibook. Please try to follow it when making changes or additions to this book. If you find a page that does not follow this guide please change it.

## Code

When adding code examples, please color it as it would appear in VB .NET. Use the span HTML Tags to do this. Example:
produces:
    Apologies I just stumbled across this and have been updating some of the pages using the <syntaxhighlight lang="vbnet"> tag. Please feel free to revert Pluke (discuss • contribs) 15:15, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
# Visual Basic .NET/NET Framework overview

The .NET Framework is a common environment for building, deploying, and running Web Services, Web Applications, Windows Services and Windows Applications. The .NET Framework contains common class libraries - like ADO.NET, ASP.NET and Windows Forms - to provide advanced standard services that can be integrated into a variety of computer systems.

## Introduction

VB.NET is a language in itself. It can perform mathematical and logical operation, variable assignment and other expected traits of a programming language. This in itself is not flexible enough for more complex applications. At some stage, the developer will want to interact with the host system whether it be reading files or downloading content from the internet.
The .NET framework is a toolset developed for the Windows platform to allow the developer to interact with the host system or any external entity whether it be another process, or another computer. The .NET platform is a Windows platform specific implementation. Other operating systems have their own implementations due to the differences in the operating systems I/O management, security models and interfaces.

## Background

* .NET was originally called NGWS(Next Generation Windows Services).
* .NET does not run IN any browser. It is a RUNTIME language (Common Language Runtime) like the Java runtime. Microsoft Silverlight does run in a browser, but has nothing to do with .NET.
* .NET is based on the newest Web standards.
* .NET is built on the following Internet standards
** HTTP, the communication protocol between Internet Applications
** XML, the format for exchanging data between Internet Applications
** SOAP, the standard format for requesting Web Services
** UDDI, the standard to search and discover Web Services
# Visual Basic .NET/The Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment

An integrated development environment (IDE), also known as integrated design environment and integrated debugging environment, is a type of computer software that assists computer programmers to develop software. In the case of Visual Basic .NET, that IDE is Visual Studio.

## IDE Contents

The Visual Studio IDE consists of several sections, or tools, that the developer uses while programming. As you view the IDE for a new project you generally have three sections in view:
* The Toolbox on the left
* The Solution Explorer on the right
* The Code / Design view in the middle

### Toolbox

The Toolbox is a palette of developer objects, or controls, that are placed on forms or web pages, and then code is added to allow the user to interact with them. An example would be TextBox, Button and ListBox controls. With these three controls added to a Windows Form object the developer could write code that would take text. We can easy to access those things while using IDE.

### Solution Explorer

This is a section that is used to view and modify the contents of the project. A Visual Studio Windows Application Project will generally have a Form object with a code page, references to System components and possibly other modules with special code that is used by the application.

### Properties Windows

The properties window shows all the control (like Textbox) properties to be changed at design time. Most of these properties can be also changed with code at run time, but basically most properties change the way the control is displayed on your application.

### Object Browser

By pressing F2 or selecting it into the View menu, it's possible to explore all the available objects of the libraries (types, functions...).

## Review

The Visual Studio IDE is a complex and exciting work space for developers, providing many enhancements and upgrades from the days of Visual Basic 4.0 or the introduction of C++. This section only serves as a mere introduction to this multi-functional interface.