OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920

* These are stamps from meters used in government sponsored tests in actual mailings before meters were approved for general public use.
* An early prototype meter developed by Elmer Wolf and William Scott of Dayton, Ohio was patented in 1898 but was never tested by the government. The Wolf/Scott stamp is cataloged as essay type ESY-A1.

#### Sub-group AA – Text in unframed rectangle

* Count Detalmo di Brazza Savorgnan of Rome, Italy received patents on 30 June and 28 July 1896 for a "coin-freed letter posting or stamping machine". Three and perhaps four di Brazza self-service machines were on public trial in New York City for several months during 1897. Their purpose was to provide mail service while post offices were closed.
AA1. Di Brazza (FV), 1897. [RRRR]
    Frameless rectangular design without value figures.
    “NEW YORK N.Y.” at top, “REGISTERED” at bottom.
    Impression counter number vertical at left with date vertical at right.
    M# with “M” prefix at lower right.
    This is the earliest meter stamp known used on actual mail anywhere in the world.
    Only a single mailed cover is known. A proof of the stamp exists in German postal archives.

#### Sub-group AB – Shield shaped frank

* These were the first true meter stamps used in the country to show indication of postage paid on private, commercial mail. Their use was experimental, limited to selected mailers for a short period of time.
AB1. Pitney Postal Machine Company (FV), 9-15 May 1912. [RRRR]
    Shield design, 35 x 35 mm, with rectangle in center containing 5-digit impression counter number.
    “1c. PAID” at top, “Washington, D. C. / Permit No. 42” at bottom.
    Printed in black.
    Used during the week of 9 May 1912 at the offices of the National Tribune newspaper.
    Eight impressions are known, three unaddressed souvenir covers and five cut-outs. No used covers exist.
    Value: 1¢
NOTE: A single two-cent value exists as a proof, located at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC.
AB2. American Postage Meter Company (successor to Pitney Postal Machine) (FV), 1913.
    Similar to Type AB1 but without the rectangle around the impression counter number.
    Eight machines were trialed in Chicago, Illinois from November 1913 to 28 May 1914. Over 850,000 pieces of third class mail were processed during the test but only 109 examples are known to survive. They include 24 unaddressed souvenir covers and five commercial covers. All the rest are cut-outs.
    The franks vary in size from 29 to 32 mm wide and 30 to 31 mm tall.
    Printed in black.
    Value: 1¢ (Permit nos. 2, 5, 867, 1041, 1081, 1165) [RR]
    Value: 2¢ (1041, 1182) [RRR]
NOTES:
* Fifty reprints in red were made in 1964 for the 50th anniversary of the test. They all have meter number 1165 and have transaction numbers 90000 and above.
* Eleven proofs in red are known from 1913 and 1919. These are from meter number 5 and have transaction numbers 14990 (one) and 28888 (ten).
# World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1962

Почта СССР
Here complete descriptions of 1962 USSR stamps are given. Здесь приведены полные описания почтовых марок СССР 1962 года.
* All available images of 1962 USSR stamps are on the Wikimedia Commons:
* Все имеющиеся изображения почтовых марок СССР 1962 года находятся на Викискладе:
* Stamps of the Soviet Union, 1962
   * You can also see standard images of 1962 USSR stamps on Wikimedia commons:
   * Типовые изображения почтовых марок СССР 1962 года можно также посмотреть на Викискладе:
   * Каталог ЦФА (2001-3000)
Attention! The stamps are sorted by CPA (Central Philatelic Agency) catalog numbers, not by dates of their issue! Внимание! Марки отсортированы по номерам каталога ЦФА, а не по дате выпуска!
The names of stamps and stamp series are made according to all used 7 catalogues. Названия марок и серий марок составлены по всем используемым 7 каталогам.
Names of articles of Wikipedia are whenever possible used in names of stamps and series.
В названия марок и серий по возможности использованы названия статей Википедии.

## Short descriptions / Краткие описания

C - Commemorative stamp (Коммеморативная марка)

### 7 1962.02.22 (Heroes of World War II)

7 Heroes of World War II (Heroes of World War II) Continuation of the series (CPA 2401-2402, 2547, 2591, 2663-2664, 2826-2827, 2828, 3002-3003, 3004-3005, 3148-3149, 3324-3326, 3462-3463, 3490, 3509, 3595-3597, 3727-3728, 3746, 3802, 3855-3856, 3976-3977) (33 stamps)
7. Герои Великой Отечественной войны. Продолжение серии :
| # | Vol. | Short description | CPA | SC | Liapine | Scott | Michel | SG | Yvert |
| #1962.10-7.1 C | 4k | World War II Hero Lieutenant of the Guard Waldemar Shalandin, Tanks and Yakovlev Yak-9T fighters | 2663 | 2572 | 2607 | 2570 (A1244) | 2576 (cdc) | 2664 | 2498 |
| #1962.11-7.2 C | 6k | World War II Hero Frigate Captain Magomet Gadzhiyev, K-3 Submarine and Sinking Ship | 2664 | 2573 | 2608 | 2571 (A1244) | 2577 (cdd) | 2665 | 2499 |

## Sources / Источники

* ↑ Stamps of USSR. 1918-1980. 2 volums. Editor M. I. Spivak. / Каталог почтовых марок СССР. 1918-1980. В 2 томах. Ред. М. И. Спивак. М.: ЦФА "Союзпечать" Минсвязи СССР, 1983.
* ↑ Zagorsky, Valeriy. "Standard Collection". / Валерий Загорский. Стандарт-коллекция. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
* ↑ Liapine, Viktor. Catalog of stamps of Russia (1856-1991). 2008. / Ляпин Виктор. Каталог почтовых марок России (1856-1991). М.: Издатель И. В. Балабанов, 2008.
* ↑ Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue. 2009. Volume 5 P-SL. Amos Press Inc., 2009. / Каталог Скотт за 2009 год. Том 5 P-SL.
* 1 2 Michel. Europa-Katalog. Band 7. 2009/2010. Osteuropa. Schwaneberger Verlag GMBH, 2009. / Каталог Михель за 2009/2010 год. 7-я книга из 7 книг Европы. Представлена восточная Европа.
* 1 2 3 Stanley Gibbons. Simplified Catalogue. Stamps of the World. 2006. Volume 4. Countries N-R. 71st Edition. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., 2005. / Стэнли Гиббонс. Упрощенный каталог. Марки мира. 2006. Том 4. Страны Н-Р. 71-я редакция. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., 2005.
* ↑ Yvert et Tellier. 1980. Tome 2. Timbres d'Europe. / Каталог "Ивер и Телье". 1980. Том 2. Почтовые марки Европы.
Почта СССР
# World Stamp Catalogue/Soviet Union/1965

Почта СССР
Here complete descriptions of 1965 USSR stamps are given. Здесь приведены полные описания почтовых марок СССР 1965 года.
* All available images of 1965 USSR stamps are on the Wikimedia Commons:
* Все имеющиеся изображения почтовых марок СССР 1965 года находятся на Викискладе:
* Stamps of the Soviet Union, 1965
   * You can also see standard images of 1965 USSR stamps on Wikimedia commons:
   * Типовые изображения почтовых марок СССР 1965 года можно также посмотреть на Викискладе:
   * Каталог ЦФА (3001-4000)
Attention! The stamps are sorted by CPA (Central Philatelic Agency) catalog numbers, not by dates of their issue! Внимание! Марки отсортированы по номерам каталога ЦФА, а не по дате выпуска!
The names of stamps and stamp series are made according to all used 7 catalogues. Названия марок и серий марок составлены по всем используемым 7 каталогам.
Names of articles of Wikipedia are whenever possible used in names of stamps and series.
В названия марок и серий по возможности использованы названия статей Википедии.

## Short descriptions / Краткие описания

C - Commemorative stamp (Коммеморативная марка)

### 1 1965.01.29 (Heroes of World War II)

1 Heroes of World War II (Heroes of World War II) Continuation of the series (CPA 2401-2402, 2547, 2591, 2663-2664, 2826-2827, 2828, 3002-3003, 3004-3005, 3148-3149, 3324-3326, 3462-3463, 3490, 3509, 3595-3597, 3727-3728, 3746, 3802, 3855-3856, 3976-3977) (33 stamps)
1. Герои Великой Отечественной войны. Продолжение серии :
| # | Vol. | Short description | CPA | SC | Liapine | Scott | Michel | SG | Yvert |
| #1965.1-1.1 C | 4k | World War II Hero Landing Seaman Ivan Sivko and Battle | 3148 | 3065 | 3100 | 2862A (A1444) | 3013 (cwh) | 3085 (1137) | 2911 |
| #1965.2-1.2 C | 4k | World War II Twice Hero Major General of the Air force Ivan Polbin and Air-Sea Battle | 3149 | 3066 | 3101 | 2862B (A1444) | 3012 (cwg) | 3086 | 2910 |

## Sources / Источники

* ↑ Stamps of USSR. 1918-1980. 2 volums. Editor M. I. Spivak. / Каталог почтовых марок СССР. 1918-1980. В 2 томах. Ред. М. И. Спивак. М.: ЦФА "Союзпечать" Минсвязи СССР, 1983.
* ↑ Zagorsky, Valeriy. "Standard Collection". / Валерий Загорский. Стандарт-коллекция. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
* ↑ Liapine, Viktor. Catalog of stamps of Russia (1856-1991). 2008. / Ляпин Виктор. Каталог почтовых марок России (1856-1991). М.: Издатель И. В. Балабанов, 2008.
* ↑ Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue. 2009. Volume 5 P-SL. Amos Press Inc., 2009. / Каталог Скотт за 2009 год. Том 5 P-SL.
* ↑ Michel. Europa-Katalog. Band 7. 2009/2010. Osteuropa. Schwaneberger Verlag GMBH, 2009. / Каталог Михель за 2009/2010 год. 7-я книга из 7 книг Европы. Представлена восточная Европа.
* ↑ Stanley Gibbons. Simplified Catalogue. Stamps of the World. 2006. Volume 4. Countries N-R. 71st Edition. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., 2005. / Стэнли Гиббонс. Упрощенный каталог. Марки мира. 2006. Том 4. Страны Н-Р. 71-я редакция. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., 2005.
* ↑ Yvert et Tellier. 1980. Tome 2. Timbres d'Europe. / Каталог "Ивер и Телье". 1980. Том 2. Почтовые марки Европы.
Почта СССР
# Voter's Guide/Australia/Issue Guide/Economy

Economy is an issue in the 2004 election.
The person responsible for the economy is the Treasurer, who makes a budget every year in May.
# Voter's Guide/Australia/Issue Guide/Aged Care

Aged care emerged as an issue in the 2004 election in Australia when Opposition Leader Mark Latham announced and costed a policy for aged care, which was for the Government to take care of people over 75.
This has become an issue because the baby-boomers (the generation born from 1942 to 1967) will be in the senior age group, some of them in the next four years.
The policy for aged care included both public and private hospital care, as well as care for the elderly at home.
The person responsible for such a policy is the Minister for Health and the Minister for Aged Care.
# Volcanoes

Hello, reader. You have come to the right place if you wish to learn about volcanoes. An excellent resource on volcanoes is Wikipedia's article on volcanoes, which will provide interesting information about different kinds of volcanoes. You might be curious what a volcano is. According to Wiktionary, a volcano is "a mountain that contains a magma chamber attached to the mantle of the planet or moon and which periodically erupts forth, usually explosively, with lava and volcanic gases." There are many volcanoes, both active or dormant and extinct. You will find very few entries in this book pertaining to specific volcanoes, although you can head to Wikipedia for any volcano you wish to know about.
This book covers volcanoes, how they erupt, where you can find them, and other interesting things about volcanoes.

## Contents

* Plate Tectonics
* Basics of Volcanoes
* Volcanic Eruptions
* The Volcanologist
* Special Topics
* Volcanism Note: this is the former book Volcanism. If you were redirected here, no worries. This is the book.

## Resources

* Earthquakes—Volcanoes and earthquakes are commonly seen together. You ought to check it out, for some ground to dig.
* Volcanology course at Wikiversity
* The USGS—The USGS studies, among other things, volcanoes and earthquakes.
* e-explore.earth—The DK E-guide to Earth. This is the section on volcanoes.
# Volcanism

There are three (3) major types of lavas formed by volcanoes: Mafic, Intermediate, and Felsic. Mafic (Basaltic)
Intermediate (Andesitic)
Felsic (Rhyolitic)
An interesting exception to this classification is the carbonatite volcanoes. These volcanoes have a significant amount of calcium/magnesium carbonates in their magma. While low in Silica and with a low viscosity, which would place these lavas in the mafic class, they are also low in iron and vary in their magnesium. The origin of the CO (typically CO3) in these magmas is a geologic puzzle at present. Is it present in the original magma coming up from the mantle or has it been incorporated by the melting of rocks that the magma has passed through? Solving this puzzle is made harder since there is only one volcano known to have carbonitite lava eruptions in recent times, Ol Doinyo Lengai in the East African Rift Valley. This volcano has a gentle eruptive behavior today but in the past has been explosive. The fossil footprints of Laetoli, Kenya (showing bipedal hominids existing 3.7 million years ago) are preserved in a carbonitite ashfall.
An interesting, though very technical, article showing how geologists are using chemistry to try to determine the origins of carbonitite magmas is at
# Voter's Guide

The Wikibooks Voter's Guide is a project designed to educate potential voters on how to vote, as well as the possible benefits and disadvantages of voting in particular ways. Though this is the English Wikibooks project and all Voter's Guides contained herein should be in English, there should be intense cooperation and interlinking to ensure that voters can access a Voter's Guide for their country and in their native language. To this end, the English project should have English language guides to elections in countries like the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom and Jamaica, guides should also be made available in English for any country, even non-Anglophone lands like China, Japan and France.
* Australia
* Canada
* New Zealand
* United Kingdom
* United States
Each Voter's Guide should have several sections (using the US as an example):
* Brief stuff to be given out at polling stations:
** Voter's Guide/United States/Candidates/Presidential: Brief information, short enough to be given out at polling stations and read just before voting, on the platforms of the candidates for President of the United States
** Voter's Guide/United States/Candidates/Congressional: Brief information, short enough to be given out at polling stations and read just before voting, on the platforms of the candidates for Senator or Representative, divided by state (e.g. Voter's Guide/United States/Congressional candidates/Alaska)
* In-depth info, too long to be portable or easily distributable
** Voter's Guide/United States/Elections/Congressional: More in depth information on the candidates and issues behind the election; information on how and why (and why not) strategic voting can be harmful or beneficial
** Voter's Guide/United States/Democratic Party: Information on the platform and history of the Democratic Party (this is an example of one Party Guide)
** Voter's Guide/United States/George W. Bush: Simple biographical information, followed by long list of positions taken, bills supported/opposed, promises made (with info on if kept) (this is an example of one Candidate Guide)
# Volcanoes/Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων, tektōn "builder" or "mason") is a theory of geology that has been developed to explain the observed evidence for large scale motions of the Earth's lithosphere. The theory encompassed and superseded the older theory of continental drift from the first half of the 20th century and the concept of seafloor spreading developed during the 1960s.
The outermost part of the Earth's interior is made up of two layers: above is the lithosphere, comprising the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle. Below the lithosphere lies the asthenosphere. Although solid, the asthenosphere has relatively low viscosity and shear strength and can flow like a liquid on geological time scales. The deeper mantle below the asthenosphere is more rigid again. This is, however, not because of cooler temperatures but due to high pressure.
The lithosphere is broken up into what are called tectonic plates — in the case of Earth, there are seven major and many minor plates (see list below). The lithospheric plates ride on the asthenosphere. These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries: convergent or collision boundaries, divergent or spreading boundaries, and transform boundaries. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along plate boundaries. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of 5 - 10 cm/yr.
# System Fundamentals For Cyber Security/Networking/Wireless

Wi-Fi (also spelled Wifi or WiFi) is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards". However, since most modern WLANs are based on these standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general English as a synonym for "WLAN". Only Wi-Fi products that complete Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing successfully may use the "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED" trademark.
A device that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video-game console, smartphone, tablet, or digital audio player) can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves or as large as many square miles — this is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.
Wi-Fi can be less secure than wired connections (such as Ethernet) because an intruder does not need a physical connection. Web pages that use SSL are secure but unencrypted internet access can easily be detected by intruders. Because of this, Wi-Fi has adopted various encryption technologies. The early encryption WEP, proved easy to break. Higher quality protocols (WPA, WPA2) were added later. An optional feature added in 2007, called WPS, had a serious flaw that allowed an attacker to recover the router's password. The Wi-Fi Alliance has since updated its test plan and certification program to ensure all newly certified devices resist attacks. The use of WPS greatly reduces the time required to gain access by the use of so called "brute force" attacks.

### References

* ↑ What is Wi-Fi? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
* ↑ http://sviehb.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/viehboeck_wps.pdf
# System Monitoring with Xymon
## Contents

* User Guide
* Administration Guide
* Developer Guide
* Other Docs : FAQ, HOWTO, SLIDES
# System Fundamentals For Cyber Security/Networking/Overview

The Learning outcomes of this section include:
- Describe the purpose of networking
- Describe common network hardware
- List common network protocols
- Application Layer
- Lower levels
- Describe network addressing
- Explain the difference between physical and logical addressing
- Explain the difference between public and private address space
- Explain how network addresses get assigned
- Explain which devices look at different address pieces
- Describe network topologies
- Describe the levels of the OSI model and their mapping to TCP/IP
# ZK/How-Tos/Sample-Applications

    Updated to ZK3.0.x uses Spring, Hibernate and Maven. Makes use of the spring variable resolve and ZK databinding annotations
    http://www.zkoss.org/smalltalks/foodtogo/zkfoodtogo.dsp
    A ZK 3.0 application that implements a file explorer with a tree and basic operations to edit/rename/delete files on the server
    http://zkforge.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/zkforge/trunk/zlora/
# Issues
## Upgrade Issues

* how to resolve javax.servlet.ServletException: Only one layout servlet is allowed in one context
* please remove the older jar of ZK first.
* put the new zk jar into web-inf\lib
* also check there is any zk jar files in the common/shared lib of the application server.
    Below is the core zk jar list of different version.,
To make sure there are no other conflicts. For example, two mysql jdbc drivers in the tomcat/lib makes this exception, too.

## Server Issues
### Web Servers that don't support JSP 2.0
#### ZK 3.0 or later

ZK allows developers to use EL expressions, but it doesn't require the Web server to support JSP 2.0. ZK actually doesn't depend on JSP any more.

#### ZK 2.4 or earlier

For those who use older version of ZK (before 3.0), it is possible to configure an old Web server to support JSP 2.0 as described MyFaces's Installation.
The basic idea is to copy jsp-api.jar to the proper directory, which depends on the Web server. For example, the directory is common/lib if Tomcat 4.1.x is used.
If you find a way to enable ZK on an old Web server, don't hesitate to share the information with us by adding them the proper section above.
The jsp-api.jar file can be found in Tomcat's download, or ZK Subversion.

## Browser Issues
### Firefox
##### Cursor lost in overlapped over a Div with "overflow:auto"

This issue existed in Firefox's bugs-list for a long time. -- input field over div with overflow has no input cursor
Hope
# ZZT-OOP
## Contents

* Introduction
* Syntax
* Basic Commands
* Advanced Commands
* Techniques
# Zelda II: The Adventure of Link
## Table of Contents
### Introduction

* Intro
* Differences from Zelda I

### Plot

* Story

### Gameplay

* Controls
* Walkthrough
* Items

### Meta

* Releases
* About
# Zelda II: The Adventure of Link/About
## Book History

Production of this book started by October 25th, 2005 with an import from Wikipedia covering the story of the game. The book had begun development at StrategyWiki by 2006.
This book was moved to Wikibooks from StrategyWiki through the transwiki process on June 28th, 2021.
# ZK/How-Tos/Component Development
## Component Development
### Grid
#### How do develop an expanding grid with a pop-up window to add new rows to the grid

First setup the page that has the grid that you want to expand:
There is quite a lot going on there. First off there is a static array called "values". This is simply there to demonstrate that we can use a forEach="${values}" to output a list of rows. Realistically that data would have been pulled from a database. The next thing to notice is that the <rows> tag with the id "rows" has a "use" attribute that specifies that a subclass of org.zkoss.zul.Rows is used to implement that xul element. It is in this custom sub-class that we can add a custom method to insert a new row into the grid:
So if we can get a zscript function to call that method then a new row will be appended into the grid. This logic is in the pop-up window in the file menu-items-popup.zul:
In that model dialogue window we have two textboxes one for the name and one for the price. If the user clicks 'Add' the button calls a zscript function doAdd passing the two textbox values. doAdd then does an IDSpace lookup for the <rows> element in the main page. <rows> has an id "rows" within the IDSpace of the window with id "food-to-go-delegate" on the page "main-page" which we write out with the syntax "//page/window/id". Once we have a reference our custom sub-class element we just invoke our custom method 'addRow'.

### Using Preference Attribute for Customization
#### How to access the preference specific to a component

If you want to develop a component that is configurable by zk.xml, then you have to
1) Define a preference name that a deployer can use to configure in WEB-INF/zk.xml. For example,
2) Access it with the getPreference method of the org.zkoss.zk.ui.util.Configuration class.
However, there is one Configuration instance per Web application, and a component can belong to any Web application if ZK libraries (e.g., zk.jar) are shared by several Web applications. Thus, you can access the preference only if a component is attached to a page. A good moment is when the component is rendered. For example,
If you want to provide a static method to set the default (overrides the preference):