OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Pulmonary Nodules

* State the definition of a solitary pulmonary nodule and a pulmonary mass
* Name the three most common causes of a solitary pulmonary nodule
* Name four important considerations in the evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule
* Name six causes of cavitary pulmonary nodules
* Name four causes of multiple pulmonary nodules
* State the indications for percutaneous biopsy of a solitary pulmonary nodule
* State the indications for percutaneous biopsy when there are multiple pulmonary nodules
* State the complications and the frequency with which complications occur due to percutaneous lung biopsy using CT or fluoroscopic guidance
* State the indications for chest tube placement as a treatment for pneumothorax related to percutaneous lung biopsy
* State the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule

### Work up of new or enlarged solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) in Chest X-ray or SPN on CT

Perform a High Resolution CT-scan (HRCT) study
* Benign calcification or shape: No further work-up is indicated.
* Fat (with or without calcification) : No further work-up is indicated.
* Indeterminate:
** 4–10 mm: Follow up with CT volumetrics studies in 6, 12, and 24 months.
** >10 mm:
*** ground glass opacity with or without a solid lesion: biopsy/resect
*** solid: CT with IV contrast, PET, or Biopsy
             In contrast CT, malignant lesions show an increase of greater than 15H after contrast (98% sensitive for 6-30 mm nodules)
             PET with Fluorine-18-labeled fleurodeoxyglucose is 97% sensitive, and 78% specific for nodules that are larger than 10 mm
             if negative: follow up in 6, 12, and 24 months
Doubling time (volume) of less than one month or longer than two years suggest a benign lesion.

## Notes

* ↑ Brant, William E. (2006). Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781761352. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Mediastinal Masses

* State the anatomic boundaries of the anterior, middle, posterior and superior mediastinum
* Name the four most common causes of an anterior mediastinal mass and localize a mass to the anterior mediastinum on a radiograph, chest CT and chest MRI
* Name the three most common causes of a middle mediastinal mass and localize a mass in the middle mediastinum on a radiograph, chest CT and chest MRI
* Name the most common cause of a posterior mediastinal mass and localize a mass in the posterior mediastinum on a radiograph, chest CT and chest MRI
* Name two causes of a mass that straddles the thoracic inlet and localize a mass to the thoracic inlet on a radiograph, chest CT and chest MRI
* Identify normal vessels or vascular abnormality on chest CT and chest MRI that may mimic a solid mass
* Name five etiologies of bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement
* State the three most common locations (Garland's triad) for lymph node enlargement to occur in the chest of patients with sarcoidosis
* List the four most common etiologies of "egg-shell" calcified lymph nodes in the chest
* Recognize a cystic mass in the mediastinum and suggest the possible diagnosis of a bronchogenic, pericardial, thymic or esophageal duplication cyst
# C++ Programming/Chapters/Fundamentals/Summary

* The code - includes list of recognized keywords.
** File organization
** Statements
** Coding style conventions
** Documentation
** Scope and namespaces
* Compiler
** Preprocessor - includes the standard headers.
** Linker
* Variables and storage - locality, scope and visibility, including source examples.
** Type
* Operators - precedence order and composition, , assignment, sizeof, new, delete, (arrays), * (pointers) and & (references).
** Logical operators - the && (and), || (or), and ! (not).
** Conditional operator - the ?:
* Type casting - Automatic, explicit and advanced type casts.
* Flow of control - Conditionals (if, if-else, switch), loop iterations (while, do-while, for) and goto.
* Functions - Introduction (including main), argument passing, returning values, recursive functions, pointers to functions and function overloading.
** Standard C Library - I/O, string and character, math, time and date, memory and other standard C functions
* Debugging - Finding, fixing, preventing bugs and using debugging tools.
# C++ Programming/Classes/Abstract Classes/Pure Abstract Classes
#### Pure Abstract Classes

An abstract class is one in which there is a declaration but no definition for a member function. The way this concept is expressed in C++ is to have the member function declaration assigned to zero.

##### Example

A pure Abstract class has only abstract member functions and no data or concrete member functions. In general, a pure abstract class is used to define an interface and is intended to be inherited by concrete classes. It's a way of forcing a contract between the class designer and the users of that class. The users of this class must declare a matching member function for the class to compile.

##### Example of usage for a pure Abstract Class

Note that this is a bit of a contrived example and that the drawable objects are not fully defined (no constructors or data) but it should give you the general idea of the power of defining an interface. Once the objects are constructed, the code that calls the interface does not know any of the implementation details of the called objects, only that of the interface. The object GraphicalDrawingBoard is a placeholder meant to represent the thing onto which the object will be drawn, i.e. the video memory, drawing buffer, printer.
Note that there is a great temptation to add concrete member functions and data to pure abstract base classes. This must be resisted, in general it is a sign that the interface is not well factored. Data and concrete member functions tend to imply a particular implementation and as such can inherit from the interface but should not be that interface. Instead if there is some commonality between concrete classes, creation of abstract class which inherits its interface from the pure abstract class and defines the common data and member functions of the concrete classes works well. Some care should be taken to decide whether inheritance or aggregation should be used. Too many layers of inheritance can make the maintenance and usage of a class difficult. Generally, the maximum accepted layers of inheritance is about 3, above that and refactoring of the classes is generally called for. A general test is the "is a" vs "has a", as in a Square is a Rectangle, but a Square has a set of sides.
# C++ Programming/Charter

This book covers the C++ programming language, its interactions with software design and real life use of the language. Its presented as a introductory to advance course but can also be used as reference book. This is an open work, if you find any problems with terms or concepts you can help by contribute to it, your participation is needed and welcomed!. You are also welcome to state any preference, shortcomings or vision for the actual book content, structure or other conceptual matters, see this wikibook's discussion page for the right forum for participating.
# C++ Programming/Chapters/C++/Summary

* Introducing C++
* Programming languages
** Programming paradigms - the versatility of C++ as a multi-paradigm language, concepts of object-oriented programming (objects and classes, inheritance, polymorphism).
* Comparisons - to other languages, relation to other computer science constructs and idioms.
** with C
** with Java
** with C#
** with Managed C++ (C++/CLI)
** with D
# EverQuest/Strategies
## Soloing

* AE Kiting
* Aggro Kiting
* Chant Kiting (Bard only)
* Charm Kiting
* Cornering
* Fear Kiting
* Quad Kiting
* Root Rotting
* Swarm Kiting (Bard only)

## Grouping

* Power Leveling

## Raiding

* Raiding Advice
* Zerg Raiding
# EverQuest/Strategies/Charm Kiting

Charm kiting is primarily used by the enchanter class as a means of rapidly disposing of mobs far superior in hitpoints to themselves by taking temporary command of another mob with which to attack their target(s). Other classes also have charm at their disposal, to a greater or lesser extent, and these are: bards, druids and magicians, although their charm facilities are necessarily more limited than those of the enchanter. Charm kiting has however fallen out of favour with enchanters as a consequence of a major nerf of charm mob DPS in all charm mobs after the release of the Omens of War expansion.
Typically, in charming, an enchanter may also utilise a member of the snaring classes such as a druid or a ranger to impede the run speed of the charm mob in case of the chamr breaking at an inconvenient and often fatal moment, giving the enchanter time to recover the situation by recharming. In the absence of a snarer, an enchanter is highly reliant on a secondary line of defence such as rune tanking or stunning to recover the situation. It is customary for an enchanter to root (where possible) the target mob so in the event of a charm break he or she only has one angry mob to deal with immediately and not two.
A refinement on charm kiting is known as reverse charming where the charm mob is allowed to reach low hit points and then the enchanter will deliberately break charm with the intention of nuking down the charm mob and thus gaining loot and experience points for very little effort.
It is probably useful to point out that there is another form of charm available for the expenditure of AAs which guarantees a charm of virtulally unlimited duration on a mob of below level 46, this is Dire Charm.
# EverQuest/Strategies/Quadkiting
## Overview

Quad kiting is a strategy used by Druids and Wizards to kill from two to four monsters at a time. It is a quick way to gain experience, but can only be used when in wide spaces. Any "adds" will usually disrupt the kite.

## Druid Strategy

First, the Druid must find and snare four MOBs that are of the same species. The Druid then circles around the MOBs until they are so close together, the graphics are overlapping. The Druid then uses one of his Lightning based spells. The Lightning spell will hit all 4 MOBs. The Druid then backs up until he is out of range of casting the spell, and waits for the MOBs to get in range. He repeats until all four MOBs die.

## Wizard Strategy

I have never played a Wizard. Could someone else please write thise?
Very similar to the Druids really, with few exceptions:
* Wizzies (AE) Snare only last 3 mins max
* Wizzie have a variety of AE's to choose from: Fire, Magic and Ice.
* Wizzies have one AE, which even affects 5 mobs (Vengeance of Al'Kabor, L59 spell), but this one is real mana hog...
* Wizzies who plan on quadding should complete Staff of Temporal Flux (http://everquest.allakhazam.com/db/quest.html?quest=459 and http://www.graffe.com/quests.php?id=14) and then Elemental Flux upgrade (http://everquest.allakhazam.com/db/item.html?item=45290). Instaclick debuff stick. Great for pulling, checking range, and of course debuffing.
* http://www.graffe.com/library.php - Quadding Guides for various levels
# EverQuest/Strategies/Rot Rotting

Root Rotting is a technique used by classes who get the Root line of spells. Basically, you root the monster, rendering it immobile and then proceed to damage it via spells. This is most effective with damage over time spells (DoTs) rather than direct damage spells, as DD spells tend to break the root and the monster will come running to kill you. If that happens, you cast your root spell again and continue to do damage until the monster is dead.
Handy spells to use in conjunction with root rotting are snare spells and slowing spells. Snares reduce the movement rate of the monster. These are helpful when the root breaks (which inevitably happens), as they slow the monster down so that you have a chance to either run away or recast your root spell. Slows are spells which increase the time in between swings that the monster takes at you ie. instead of being able to hit you once every 4 seconds (or quad you once every four seconds), he can only have a chance to hit you once every 6 seconds or 8 seconds, depending on the level of the monster and the slow. Once again, this gives you additional time to move out of the way, cast a spell or re-root the monster.
# EverQuest/Servers/Firiona

Firiona Vie is nominally a role playing server, although there are few genuine role players in evidence. It differs from all the other servers in a couple of key respects notably that
* players may only have one toon per account on Firiona Vie, and not the usual panoply of support alt characters which most servers experience
* as a consequence many items which are No Drop on other servers as a rule tend to be tradeable on Firiona Vie.
# EverQuest/Servers

1 - Firiona Vie — Roleplaying preferred Server
2 - Legends — Premium Server
3 - Normal server — Normal Servers
4 - Player versus Player (PvP) - Zek's
5 - Mac Server "Al'Kabor": Only has the expansions up to PoP
6 - proposed progression server - ext. link: http://progression.inquisition-eq.com/index.php
# EverQuest/Spells/Spirit of Wolf

Spirit of Wolf is more commonly known by its acronym SoW.

## Casting

The casting of this spell is limited to members of the Beastlord, Druid, Ranger and Shaman character classes. Beastlords are able to cast SoW at level 24, Druids at level 10, Rangers at level 28 and Shamans at level 9. Players of every class can have this spell cast upon them at any level.

## Effect

The purpose of this spell is primarily to accelerate the rate of movement at which a character can walk or run (Increases Movement by 34% (Level 9) to 55% (Level 50)). This is especially important when trying to escape high level mobs that a player is having trouble killing, and also aids in speeding up run time from zone to zone.

## Comments

It is common to see Druids and Shamans offering to cast SoW to other players for a small donation of platinum (the in-game EverQuest currency) in a central location such as the Plane of Knowledge. For several years this was the most sought after buff in the game.
Other buffs (beneficial spells) that increase movement rate include "Spirit of Eagle" (Increases Movement by 57% (Level 54) to 60% (Level 60) plus Levitation, See Invisible, and Infravision) and various Bard songs.
# EverQuest/Strategies/AE Kiting

AE kiting is a soloing technique in which non-targeted point-blank area of effect (PBAE/PBAoE) damage spells are used to kill a large number of mobs while they are kited by the player. Due to the limited range of most non-targeted AE damage spells, timing is critical, and mistakes are usually fatal. To be effective, the mobs must be the range of the AE when it finishes casting, yet the mobs must never be allowed within melee range of the player. Also, as with almost all kiting techniques, the mobs must not be able to summon the player. Overall, this is a technique with very high risk, but also very high rewards if executed successfully.
AE kiting was once commonly employed by the bard class due to their ability to move while casting a song, which is the bard's version of a spell. By continuously running in circles, the mobs will aggregate into one large clump. If the player runs at the right speed and in a circle of appropriate radius, the player can maintain the proper distance for AE kiting to be effective. Once this kiting path is established, the player can continue to twist a number of PBAE DoT songs to gradually kill the entire mob kite. It was common for AE kites of 20+ mobs, although there have been accounts of AE kites exceeding 100 mobs. Due to the unbalanced power of this technique, and its tendency to disrupt zone behavior when players pulled very large numbers of mobs, this technique has been nerfed so as to be unusable by bards. As part of a patch, shortly after the release of the Omens of War expansion, bard AE songs now no longer affect moving mobs.
# EverQuest/Races/Wood Elf

The wood elf is the earthier of the two elven races, and more of a fighter than a caster of magics. They start in the tree city of Kelethin over the Greater Faydark. A wood elf can play a bard, druid, ranger, rogue or warrior. Because of their conection to the woods, all wood elves are able to forage for food and hide from their enemies. Wood elves also have excellent eyesight and can see in the dark.
Experience Modifier: ?
# EverQuest/Strategies/Root Rotting

Root Rotting is a technique used by classes who get the Root line of spells. Basically, you root the monster, rendering it immobile and then proceed to damage it via spells. This is most effective with damage over time spells (DoTs) rather than direct damage spells, as DD spells tend to break the root and the monster will come running to kill you. If that happens, you cast your root spell again and continue to do damage until the monster is dead.
Handy spells to use in conjunction with root rotting are snare spells and slowing spells. Snares reduce the movement rate of the monster. These are helpful when the root breaks (which inevitably happens), as they slow the monster down so that you have a chance to either run away or recast your root spell. Slows are spells which increase the time in between swings that the monster takes at you ie. instead of being able to hit you once every 4 seconds (or quad you once every four seconds), he can only have a chance to hit you once every 6 seconds or 8 seconds, depending on the level of the monster and the slow. Once again, this gives you additional time to move out of the way, cast a spell or re-root the monster.
# Exercise as it relates to Disease/Aerobic Exercise Benefits on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
## Aerobic Exercise Benefits on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
### Background

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a medical disorder characterised by long term disabling, unexplained fatigue accompanied by several other specific symptoms, occurring over a minimum time period (6 months for adults/3 months for children). The exact cause of CFS is not understood, the symptoms are not caused by continued exertion, are not relieved by rest and are not a product of other medical conditions. There are theories on how the syndrome may develop, it is considered to have a complex and multifactorial aetiology.
CFS is more prevalent in adults than children and adolescents, and affects more women than men. CFS significantly impacts on the quality of life, health, happiness and productivity of affected individuals. It prevents most sufferers from being able to carry out daily activities.

### Symptoms

CFS is characterised by persistent fatigue, accompanied by other specific symptoms including:
* Mental and physical exhaustion
* Post exertional Malaise
* Unrefreshing Sleep
* Muscle and joint pain
* Increased sensitivity to light, sound and smell
* Headaches
* Sore Throat
* Depression or other psychological problems
* Cardio-respiratory problems
* Cognitive difficulties such as impaired memory or concentration

### Treatments

Some treatments currently used to improve or manage the symptoms of CFS include Cognitive behavioural therapy, Pacing, Flexibility, pharmaceuticals.
# Animals

| Name | Photo |
| dog | GermanShep1_wb.jpg |
| cat | Cat02.jpg |
| cow |
| ant |
| bear |
| goat |
| horse |
| deer |
| duck |
| elephant |
| fish |
| frog |
| butterfly | Viceroy Butterfly.jpg |

# House

| Name | Photo |
| kitchen | Generic kitchen.jpg |
| bedroom | Bild:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_135.jpg |
| bathroom | A typical American bathroom.jpg |

# Automobiles

| Name | Photo |
| bus | CTA-articulated-bus.jpg |
| car | Berlina.jpg |
| bicycle | Kusuma bike large.jpg |
| van | Ramvan.jpg |

# Fruits

| Name | Photo |
| apple | Apple red delicius flower end.jpg |
| banana | Banana.arp.750pix.jpg |
| orange | OrangeBloss wb.jpg |
| cherry | Cherry closeup.jpeg |
# English in Use/Verb Usage

A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action ("bring", "read"), occurrence ("to decompose" (itself), "to glitter"), or a state of being ("exist", "live", "soak", "stand"). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (what we usually call subject, object, etc.).
Verbs can be conveyed in many ways. Lets look in particular at the word "wear"
She wears a pink dress - This sentence is made up of three main parts, she, being the noun. Wears, being an action or 'doing' word. Pink, describing the noun about to be added to the sentence and, Dress, the noun which pulls all these words together (giving them all one key point) to complete the sentence.
# Animals

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |
| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |
| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |

# House

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |

# Automobiles

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |

# Human
## body

* Wikipedia - wiktionary

## Domestic technology
### Cleaning

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |

### Food preparation

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |

### Food storage

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |

# Fruits

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |
| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | |
| Wikipedia - wiktionary | | Wikipedia - wiktionary |

# Places

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |
| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |
| Wikipedia - wiktionary |

# Consumable things

| Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary | Wikipedia - wiktionary |
| Wikipedia - wiktionary |
# English in Use/Vocabulary/Adjectives
## Adjective

A describing word.
An adjective is a word that describes how or what something else is. Examples include hot cold, and fluffy. The adjective usually goes before the object in English, for example:
A fluffy duck."
However, it can also be used in the following way:
"My hamster is sick."
# English in Use/Vocabulary Nouns

English in Use :
| General | Contents • Introduction |
| Parts of speech | Articles • Nouns • Verbs • Gerunds and participles • Pronouns • Adjectives • Adverbs • Prepositions, Conjunctions and Interjections |
| Other topics | Orthography • Punctuation • Syntax • Figures of Syntax • Glossary |
| External | Resources |

## Noun

"A Naming word."
A noun, or noun substantive, is a word or phrase that refers to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality. Nouns are parts of speech and can be classified in different ways such as proper nouns (e.g. "Janet") versus common nouns (e.g. "girl"), or collective nouns (e.g. "bunch", "herd"). Nouns can be substituted by pronouns (e.g. "she" and "which"). The word noun derives from Latin nomen meaning "name" (as a noun can be considered an object, person, or concept's name).
Further classifications include the distinction between concrete nouns and abstract nouns. Concrete nouns refer to definite objects (e.g. chair, apple, Janet) and abstract nouns refer to ideas or concepts (e.g. justice, liberty). While sometimes useful, the boundaries between these two are not always clear.
In sentences, nouns occur in several different ways, the most common being as subjects (performers of action), or objects (recipients of action). In the sentence "John wrote me a letter", "John" is a subject; "me" and "letter" are objects (of which "letter" is a noun and "me" a pronoun).