OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Data Management in Bioinformatics/Exercise 1

Figures are here: http://pipe.cs.vt.edu/~pbutler/bi_and_db/ until I can upload them (takes 4 days to get confirmed for media upload).
* File:Problem1.svg Notes: 1) For each reservation, 1 <= # of drivers <= 10
* Notes:
** A book seller must have at least one store.
** A book store must be either web-based or brick, but not both.
* Maximum: n is the case where all n are one-to-one. Minimum: n-1 is the case where n-1 one-to-many
* File:Problem4.svg
* File:Problem5.svg
* FD Trivial $A\rightarrow B$ YES $B\rightarrow A$ NO $A\rightarrow C$ NO $C\rightarrow A$ NO $B\rightarrow C$ NO $C\rightarrow B$ YES MD Trivial $A\rightarrow \rightarrow B|A\rightarrow \rightarrow C$ YES $B\rightarrow \rightarrow A|B\rightarrow \rightarrow C$ NO $C\rightarrow \rightarrow A|C\rightarrow \rightarrow B$ YES
* Obvious
* $R(A,B,C,D,E,G)$ decomposes into $R_{1}(A,B,C)$, $R_{2}(A,C,D,E)$, $R_{3}(A,D,G)$ The FDs $B\rightarrow D$, $E\rightarrow G$ are not preserved. $R_{1}$ and $R_{2}$ are decomposed losslessly because $AC\rightarrow B$ $R_{2}$ and $R_{3}$ are decomposed losslessly because $AD\rightarrow E$ and $E\rightarrow G$ translates into $AD\rightarrow G$
* #6 redone
* There are several solutions to this: LHS RHS $B\cap C\rightarrow$ $A-C$ $B-C$ $B$ (superset) $B\cap C\rightarrow$ $A-B$ $C-B$ $C$ (superset)
# Data Management in Bioinformatics

The material of this book is aimed at graduate students with some formal background in computer science and the life sciences.

## Table of Contents

* Chapter 1: E/R Theory
* Chapter 2: Normalization
* E/R Theory and Normalization Exercises
* Chapter 3: Data Querying
* SQL Query Exercises
* Integrating SQL and Programming Languages
* Scratch Notes for Class
* Server Programming: Add programming language to PostgreSQL
# Data Management in Bioinformatics/Add Programming Language to PostgreSQL
## Examples of programming language in PostgreSQL

Function example in Python
Function example in pgSQL (equivalent of PL/SQL in postgres).

## Checking for language support

SQL query:
OR
createlang utility [params: -d DBNAMES, -U USER, -l is for listing]
Result:

## Adding language support

createlang utility [params: -U USER LANG DBNAME] *requires superuser access to database
Adding C/C++ support may be more involved as it requires compiling the source into ".so" on the server. More details here PostgreSQL: Server Programming
# Data Compression/grammar-based compression
## grammar-based compression

Grammar-based compression was proposed in 2000.
Several data compression methods can be viewed as grammar-based compression:
* The Sequitur data compression algorithm uses a context-free grammar to represent a string such as a data file. It is relatively fast (linear-time encoding and linear-time decoding).
* Longest Match
* Most frequent digram
* The Sequential data compression algorithm is an improvement on Sequitur.
* Although it pre-dates grammar-based compression, LZ78 and LZW (but not LZ77) can be interpreted as a kind of grammar.
* It has been shown that "a structured grammar" gives better compression than "an irreducible grammar".
When the output of the grammar transform is compressed with a zero-order entropy coder (such as a zero-order arithmetic coder), grammar compression outperforms the Unix Compress and Gzip algorithms.
The Re-Pair algorithm is a grammar based compression algorithm. Its decoder operates as follows:
FIXME: fill in details.

## Further reading

* 1 2 En-hui Yang and John C. Kieffer. "Efficient Universal Lossless Data Compression Algorithms Based on a Greedy Sequential Grammar Transform—Part One: Without Context Models". 2000.
* ↑ Richard Ladner. "Sequitur" p. 56. 2007.
* 1 2 Eric Lehman and Abhi Shelat. "Approximation Algorithms for Grammar-Based Compression". "Approximation Algorithms for Grammar-Based Compression". 2002.
* ↑ John Kieffer and En-hui Yang. "Structured grammar-based codes for universal lossless data compression". 2002.
* ↑ Matej Mežik. "Compression Using Context Free Grammars". 2011.
* Re-Store is a phrase browsing system based on the Re-Pair compression algorithm.
* ↑ Wan, R., Re-Store Software, archived from the original on 2015-07-21
# Stored Procedures

Stays in the database space
# Hawaiian Monarchs/Kamehameha IV

When Kamehameha IV died young, a power struggle ensured.

## References

* ↑ "Novemaba 30: Ka Make ʻana o Kamehameha IV – Punawaiola". blog.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
# Haxe Programming

This book is an introduction to Haxe, a high-level, open source programming language and compiler.

## About Haxe

Haxe is a high-level programming language that uses an ECMAScript-like syntax. It is heavily inspired by ActionScript. Haxe has the ability for a single code-base to compile into multiple targets.

## Getting Started

* Installing Read Me First!
* Start Using Haxe
# Hawaiian Monarchs/Kamehameha V

Established Kamehameha day.

## References

* ↑ "Kamehameha Day is steeped in history". www.ksbe.edu. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
# Haxorware Modem Firmware/Addresses
## Addresses

HFC MAC This is the Mac address your ISP will see for this modem. Changing this to a number that does not have factory certificates loaded will generate a self signed certificate. Most ISP's do not accept self signed certificate in BPI+ docsis 1.1 mode. Click copy from certificate to change back to mac for current certificate. Ethernet MAC This is the mac address your computer or router sees when querying the modem via ethernet USB MAC This is the mac address your computer or router sees when querying the modem via usb Serial Number This is the Serial number for the modem presented upon query

## Certificate generation

Certificate type When generating certificates this is the type of certificate preferred
# Haxe Programming/Basic
## Target Platforms

Below is a list of all of the platforms Haxe supports:
Targets :
* Name
* Flash
* Neko
* JavaScript
* ActionScript 3
* PHP
* C++
* Java
* C#
* Python

## "Hello, World!"

First off, we are going to write a "Hello, World!" program. This way of printing applies to all targets.
This code can then be interpreted by saving the file as Main.hx, then by using the command haxe -main Main --interp in any command-line.
# Haxe Programming/Installing

Haxe only has one compiler unlike most languages but, there is no reason to have multiple as the current one is all you need.

## Downloading & Installing
### Haxe

The first thing you will want to do is download the automatic installer(you can also install it from sources or binaries if you are running linux) here, after that just run the installer and follow the instructions in the installer.
Once you are done open your command line program(cmd, terminal, etc) and enter "haxe" without the quotation marks. If it prints a list of commands then you are done installing, if you get an error message try uninstalling and install it again.
If haxe crashes on windows/mac uninstall the program as above but if that doesn't work check if your haxe is up to date with the library your are trying to install

### Neko

Neko is not required but, it is a very helpful target.
You can download Neko here, just download the right version for your system and open the zip file with whatever you use and drag the Neko folder to be inside the same directory as your Haxe installation.

## Libraries
### Setup

Setting-up libraries/targets for Haxe is easy, just open your command line tools and enter "haxelib setup" after that it will ask you a question about the directory, just press enter and your done!

### Types

Haxe has support for installing libraries and targets through your command line. Some of the most famous include C++, NME, and OpenFL.
Once you've setup(above), the way you install thing is just by opening your command line and entering:
Just replace <name> with the name of whatever you want to install for example "hxcpp" which installs the c++ target. If you would like a list of all the targets and libraries you can install go here.
# Haxorware Modem Firmware

This book is intended to be a manual for Haxorware which is a custom cable modem firmware. This is a legal firmware change. This book is NOT intended to demonstrate or condone any illegal practices. DO NOT add information to this book regarding ANY theft of service!

## Overview

Current Revision: 1.1 R39 Compatibility: All BCM3349 chipset based modems (Including SB5101/E/i, SB5102/E/i, Webstar DPC2100R2, RCA DCM425, Ambit 250/255/256) Versions: DIAG & LITE.
DIAG
* Might not perform optimally on a 8MB ram modem (16/32mb upgrade recommended).
* Based on sb5101u/n firmware (which includes diagnostic output, console and SPI support)
* Much more Verbose to troubleshoot issues.
* Standby button does not work
* Memory leak on SPI modems fixed in Rev39
LITE
* Based on sb5101e firmware
* Does not support SPI flash based modems.
* Crippled shell & much less diagnostic output in telnet/serial.
* Static IP option is missing because there is no ipconfig command in the shell anymore (and the entire /ip page is missing too).
* The standby button on a 5101 works in LITE
Once logged into the Haxorware modem At the top of every page you will see the Haxorware title, the version, and the Revision number. You will also see:
    Uptime: Lists how long the modem has been online
    Memory: Current free memory/In use memory (Percent Free memory)
    Status: Whether the modem is online and operational or other current status
    DS: Downstream signal strength in dBmV / Downstream Signal to Noise Ratio indB US: upstream signal strength in dBmV

## Installation Instructions

    Installation

## Haxorware Pages and Configuration

    Overview
    Signal
    Event Log Displays Events and errors in operation
    Configuration Settings
    Frequency
    Addresses
    Config File
    Baseline Privacy
    Static IP
    Stealth
    Downloader
    File Manager
    Web Shell
    Backup and Restore
    Firmware upgrade
    Factory Defaults - clears all dynamic settings such as preferred downstream frequencies, upstream channel IDs and their power levels.
    About - Information about Haxorware
    Reboot - Modem reboot page

## Relevant Links

* http://www.sbhacker.net
* http://www.haxorware.com
# Haxorware Modem Firmware/Backup and Restore

Here you can Backup either your nonvol information, or do a FULL firmware backup (2MB) to a file. When you click backup you get prompted with a file save dialog. You also can restore a previously backed up Nonvol here in case of issues
# Golf/Introduction

Golf is a game in which players use clubs to hit balls into holes. Eighteen holes are played during a regular round, with players usually starting on the first hole on the course and finishing on the eighteenth. The player who takes the fewest strokes, or swings of the club, to complete the course wins. The game is played on grass, and the grass around the hole is mown shorter and called the green.
The rules of golf allow for a maximum of 14 clubs. These include a Driver, wedges, putter, fairwaywood(s) and in some cases a hybrid. The governing body for the game of golf are the Royal and Ancient of St. Andrews Scotland and the United States Golf Association.
The were originally 13 "rules" for the game but there is also a decisions book covering what the rules do not cover. This one is nearly 600 pages thick! The most recent change to the rules is about anchoring the putter. You can read it here http://www.usga.org/news/2012/November/Proposed-Rules-Change-to-Prohibit-Anchoring/
There are basically two types of golfers, Amateurs and Professionals. On the Professional side there are also three types; 1. Club Professionals 2. Playing Professionals 3. Teaching Professionals. Club Professionals generally run the operations side of the golf course. Playing Professionals make their living by playing tournament golf for prize money and Teaching Professionals make their income from teaching others this game.
# Google Services And Products/Printable version
## Searching with Google

The most commonly used Google service or product is the search engine. To use simply do the following go to www.google.com or a local version of Google e.g. www.google.co.uk,type in a search query eg.wikibooks, press enter or click Google Search and wait for your search results page to load.

## Search Results

After your search results page has loaded you will notice several things. The most important of these is the search results, listed down the page. For each result it shows the URL or Uniform Resource Locator, a snippet of the text of the page with your search terms in bold, a title for the web page

## Search Operators

* OR Google finds one of two or more search terms e.g. Services OR Products
* "" Google Searches for the exact phrase eg. "Google Services and Products"
* - Searches for things matching other search terms without a certain word e.g. -wikibooks
* link: Shows links to a web page e.g. link:www.wikibooks.org
* related: Shows related pages e.g. related:www.wikibooks.org
* site: only searches within a given website eg.google site:en.wikibooks.org
* intitle: searches within titles of web pages e.g. intitle:wikibooks
* allintitle: like intitle: but restricts results to web pages that have all of the search terms in their title e.g. allintitle:wikibooks
* inurl: searches within the urls of pages e.g. inurl:wikibooks
* allinurl: like inurl: but restricts results to web pages that have all of the search terms in their url e.g. allinurl:wikibooks

## Authors and other contributers

Please add your name here if you have helped out with this Wikibook.
* Arsenalfan - Original Author
* Ncusa367 (talk)
# Google Services And Products

Google is the world's most popular search engine. Receiving several billion search queries a day it is the place many people turn to for information fast. But many do not know that there are other Google services and products that are constantly being developed with a focus on innovation. This Wikibook will show the user how to use these services and products for both basic computer user and the advanced user.

## Contents

Completion
Before each target there is an image with a subjective indication of how complete that target is:
    Means that there is little information or the information there may not be reliable.
    Means that there is some information, but it's not very detailed or extensive.
    Means that much of the information is there, but it needs to be touched up or organized. This is still usable.
    Means that the information is basically complete. However, more detail can always be added.
* Search
* Authors

## See also

* Gmail
* How To Search/Google
# Google Services And Products/Authors
## Authors and other contributers

Please add your name here if you have helped out with this Wikibook.
* Arsenalfan - Original Author
* Ncusa367 (talk)
# English-Hanzi/White foods are less nutritious

White foods (such as foods made with white rice, white flour or white sugar) are less nutritious, lack of fiber, and easier to make too much blood sugar in the body, can lead to diseases of heart, liver, kidney, and etc.
白色食物（如 用 白米，白面粉 或 白糖 制成 的 食物）营养 较少，缺乏 纤维，更容易 在 体内 产生 过多的 血糖，可 导致 心脏，肝脏，肾脏 等 疾病。
# English-Hanzi/White pasta is similar to white bread

White pasta is similar to white bread because white pasta is made from refined flour and has fewer nutrients than unrefined flour.
白面食与白面包相似，因为白面食是由精制面粉制成的，营养成分少于未精制面粉。
# English-Hanzi/White blood cell

White blood cells are the white color cells in the blood. They kill bacteria, viruses, and cancer.
白血球 是 血液 中 的 白色 细胞。它们 杀死 细菌，病毒，和 癌症。
# English-Hanzi/Whitening toothpaste cannot change the natural color

Whitening toothpaste cannot change the natural color or discolor the teeth through surface stains or decay.
美白牙膏不能通过表面污渍或腐朽改变天然颜色或使牙齿变色。
# English-Hanzi/White bread and closely related foods made from white flour

White bread and closely related foods made from white flour (including biscuits, pastries and cereal breakfast) is one of the main white foods to be eliminated.
白面包和由白面粉制成的密切相关的食品（包括饼干，糕点和谷物早餐）是要消除的主要白色食品之一。
# English-Hanzi/White rice

Special:search/white rice prefix:English-Hanzi/
Special:search/rice prefix:English-Hanzi/
Special:search/starch prefix:English-Hanzi/
Special:search/carbohydrate prefix:English-Hanzi/
White rice is a kind of rice that the outer husk and the bran layer are removed. Because the outer layer is completely removed, therefore most of the nutrients are gone and nearly only remains starch. Eating white rice for a long time can cause obesity, diabetes, and etc.
白米 是 外壳 和 麸皮层 都 被 去除 的 一种 米。因为 外层 被 完全 去除，所以 大部分 营养 物质 都 消失了，几乎 只 剩下 淀粉。长 时间 吃 白米饭 可 导致 痴肥，糖尿病 等。
# English-Hanzi/White rice usually adds some nutrients

White rice usually adds some nutrients that have been removed during processing.
白米通常会添加一些在加工过程中已去除的营养物质。
# English-Hanzi/White bread and similar foods made from refined grains

White bread and similar foods made from refined grains have higher carbohydrate content and lower nutrient content. Try to replace them with whole grain foods.
由精制谷物制成的白面包和类似食品的碳水化合物含量较高，而营养成分含量较低。 尝试用全谷物食品代替它们。
# English-Hanzi/White rice is the rice that the husk, bran, and germ is removed

White rice is the rice that the husk, bran, and germ is removed. This changes the flavor, texture and appearance of the rice and helps prevent spoilage and extend its storage life.
白米是去除了外壳，麸皮和胚芽的大米。 这可以改变大米的味道，质地和外观，并有助于防止变质并延长其存储寿命。
# English-Hanzi/White rice without added vitamins

White rice without added vitamins can cause beriberi due to lack of vitamin B1.
没有添加维生素的白米由于缺乏维生素B1会引起脚气病。
# Verbs

No sentence in any language is complete without at least one verb. In Hawaiian, some verbs (like to be verbs) are omitted, but are still implied. In this language, the order of words is Verb + Subject + Direct Object, therefore, the verb comes first.
    Ex) They dance at the school. This would be translated as "Dance they at the school." (Hula lākou i ke kula.)
Here are a few verbs for you to play around with and make new sentences with:
Sleep - Moe
Go - Hele
Come - Hele mai
Listen - Hoʻolohe
Work - Hana

## Practice

Now, after looking at those verbs, can you translate this sentence: Ho'olohe ke kika i ke kāne.
Of course you can! When we break it down, Hoʻolohe is to "listen", ke kika would be a "tiger" as the subject of this sentence, and what is the tiger doing? Well it's listening. If a period were there, it would be just fine: Hoʻolohe ke kika- The tiger listens. But there is an extra part there, and it says, i ke kāne. This can easily be translated as "to the man".
There now. Put it all together, and we end up with, "The tiger listens to the man." Wasn't that easy!
Now we'll try a harder one: Hele ia i ka hale me nā manu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Can you read that?
Hele ia - He or she goes,
i ka hale - to the house,
me nā manu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. - with the green birds.
Does breaking it down into three parts help? The only thing that you might have had trouble with was the word "nā". It simply means the, like ke or ka, but as a plural. That is how we can distinguish "the green bird" from "the green birds". Also keep in mind that the adjective goes after the noun it relates to.

## Grammar

Next, if you hadn't noticed, the person doing the action comes after the verb as the subject. Unlike a lot of languages like Spanish, French, Latin, Greek, etc. Hawaiian does not change the endings of its verbs to describe who is doing the action.
    Ex. Spanish- Saltar (to jump) changes to "Salto" for "I jump" or "Saltamos" for "we jump."
To say "I sleep", it would just be, Moe au.
       Note: For list of pronouns, see Lesson Two under "Pronouns".

## More Practice

Translate the following into Hawaiian:
The father sleeps.
My father works.
A black cat comes.
I sleep on the water.
You work with the pink turtle
Today, I go to church (ka hale pule).
# Introduction

"He Aha Sentences" are statements that tell what something is. For example, one could ask, "What is this?" or "What is that?" and the person spoken to would respond, "This is an apple." "That is a dog." or whatever.
This extremely simple sentence is easy to form, and very helpful. To ask the question, one says:
    He aha kēiā?
       "He" means "A/an"
       "Aha" means "What"
       "kēiā" means "this"
Literally: "A what, this?"
Kēiā, of course, can always be substituted for kēlā (that), or any personal pronoun.
One would respond with:
    He hale kēiā. He wai kēiā. He kamaʻa kēiā.
    (This is a house. This is water. This is a shoe)
Literally: A house, this. Water, this. A shoe this.

## Practice

Translate the following (be sure to use the standard orthography in your response, i.e. ʻokina a me kahakō):

# Vocabulary

There now, you see? Not that difficult at all! Now for the new vocab for this lesson.

## Colors

If you have time in your busy schedule, check out this link to a song on Youtube of children learning their colors. It's a little silly, but it's a good song to get stuck in your head when learning the colors!
[Song!]
| Hawaiian | English |
| ʻulaʻula | Red |
| Melemele | Yellow |
| Poni | Purple |
| Polū | Blue |
| ʻEleʻele | Black |
| ʻAkala | Pink |
| ʻAlani | Orange |
| Keʻokeʻo | White |
| Ahinahina | Grey |
| Omaʻomaʻo | Green |
| Palaunu/Makuʻe | Brown |
# Hawaiian/Lesson 4.5

It seems a bit silly to give this short little topic its own page of notes, but yet most of the items on this page are review and practice for the learner.
First of all, making a sentence negative, if you hadn't figured it out, inserts the words "not" or "no", as in... I do not make my bed. or I have no money. This, in Hawaiian, is possible with the word for no, which is a'ole. This word works a lot like it does in Spanish.
Ex) No hablo a nadie.- I don't talk to anyone.
       No tengo dinero.- I don't have (any) money.
                El no quiere ir.- He doesn't want to go.
When using this word, it is positioned at the beginning of the sentence, followed by a pronoun if there is one, and the rest of the sentence stays the same. To explain this, we will translate: I do not work at the library.
For starters, the negation goes first:
    A'ole...
Then, the pronoun if there is one. In this case, there is: I.
    A'ole au...
Next, the verb:
    A'ole au hana...
And finally, the rest of the sentence:
    A'ole au hana ma ka hale waihona puke.
Note: Hale waihona puke means library.
# Hawaiian/Lesson 2

This lesson will focus on broadening your vocabulary, allowing you to say short sentences and understanding the structure of Hawaiian.

## Vocabulary
### Nouns

ka pua -flower
ke kula -school
ka ‘ohana -family
ka lani -heaven/sky
ke kanaka -man
ke aloha -love
ka wahine -woman
ka honua -earth
ka makua -parent
ka wai -water
ke keiki -child
ka haumana -student

### Adjectives

li‘ili‘i -little
nui -big
nani -pretty
pupuka -ugly
hau‘oli -happy
kaumaha -sad
māluhiluhi -tired
ma‘i -sick

### Verbs

hele -go
‘ai -eat
hele mai -come
moe -sleep
hana -work
holo -run

## Review

As you have learned in lesson 1, "Aia" is placed at the beginning of a sentence to show the subject's location (when or where).
Next, let's look at, "Nani ke keiki". This means, the girl is beautiful, but literally translates to, "Beautiful the girl" because the adjective is in front. For future references, note that the adjective comes after the noun it describes.

### Ke vs. Ka

In Hawaiian, there are two ways to express the definite article (the). Ka is used most of the time, before every word not starting with k, e, a, or o.

### Pronouns

Wau or au translates as I, ‘oe means you (singular), and ‘o ia means he, she or it.

## Noun Announcers

Noun announcers basically come before a noun in a sentence, announcing that it is coming. Every noun is preceded by a noun announcer, most of the time, it being "ka" or "ke". Along with ka and ke, other announcers include 'o, kēia (this), kēlā (that), ko'u (my), kou (your), and kona (his/her).

## Practice Phrases

Translate into Hawaiian for practice:
| ʻŌlelo Pelekane | ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi |
| The good flower | Ka pua maika'i |
| I go. | Hele au. |
| The pretty child runs. | Holo ke keiki nani. |
| The sick parent | Ka makua ma'i |
| The woman is tired. | Mālohilohi ka wahine. |