OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pinyin/Human bone

Search Pinyin human
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# Pinyin/Human body

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Search Pinyin body
# Pinyin/Hunan

Search Pinyin Hunan
Hurnarn
# Pinyin/Hubble telescope

Search telescope
# Pinyin/Human

Humans is the general name of people, which is the most advanced animals on the earth, and is the ruler of other species.
Rénlèi shì rén de zoongcheng, shì dìqiú shàng zuì xiānjìn de dòngwù, shì qítā wuhzhoong de toongzhihzhee.
# Pinyin/Human microbiota

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Human microbiota is a kind of parasitic bacteria. They form a symbiotic relationship with the host in a long-term evolutionary process, and therefore are harmless to the host. They include bacteria, fungi, and archaea. Studies have shown that the total number of microbial cells in a human body, can be up to 10 times the total number of cells of the host.
Rénlèi wēishēngwùqún shì 1-leih jìshēng xìjūn. Yǔ sùzhǔ zài chángqī d jìnhuà guòchéng zhōng xíngchéng gòngshēng guānxì, yīn'ér duì sùzhǔ wúhài. Tāmen bāokuò xìjūn, zhenjun, hé gǔjūn. Yánjiū xiǎnshì, réntǐ nèi d wēishēngwù xìbāo zǒngshù, kě gāodá sùzhǔ xìbāo zǒngshù d 10 bèi.
# Pinyin/Pedestrian

See also
# Pinyin/People

Search Pinyin people
    See also: Pinyin/Person

## Noun

* people: the plural of person
** rern'men: rern d fuhshuh
* people is all the persons who live in a particular place or belong to a particular country, race, etc.
** rernmirn shih juzhuh yur tehdihng dihfang huoh shuuyur tehdihng guorjia, zhoongzur, deeng d suooyoou d rern.
# Pinyin/Perceive

See also
# Pinyin/Perception

See also
# Pinyin/Period
## Noun

* a period is a particular length of time.
** qijian shih tehdihng d shirjian charngduh.
# Pinyin/Pepper

See also
# Pinyin/Perform

See also
to perform: to do something
quh zhirxirng: quh gahn mooushih
# Pinyin/Peripheral

See also
# Pinyin/Rain (2)

Rain
Rain are shy children, playing in the clouds everyday, sometimes carelessly fell down.
When thunder comes, they are willing to become partner with everything, willing to live together with the earth.
When the sun comes out to look for them, they quietly hide, and disappear.
yuu
yuu shih haihxiu d xiaoowar'wa, tiantian zaih yurn zhong warn, yooushir bu xiaaoxin diaohxiah.
dang leirgong lairlirn shir, ta'men cair yuahn yuu wahnwuh zuohbahn, yuahn yuu dahdih gohngcurn.
dang taihyarng chulair zhaao ta'men shir, ta'men jiuh qiaoqiao dy duoo qiilair, bujiahn'le.
# Pinyin/Raise interest rate

Search Pinyin interest rate
# Pinyin/Range

A range is a group of things of a particular type.
xihlieh shih 1-zuu tehdihng leihxirng d dong'xi.
# Pinyin/Radio

Radio is a system of broadcasting information and programs that people can listen to.
diahntair shih guaangbo xihnxi her jiermuh geei rern ting d xihtoong.
# Pinyin/Raindrops

See also
Raindrops
Raindrops are like the little naughty children, pulling parachutes, floating down freely.
Small raindrops playing slide on umbrellas, splashing on the stream...... They don't go back however their mothers call them on the sky.
Yǔdī
Yǔdī jiù xiàng yīgè xiǎo wánpí, lāzhe jiàngluòsǎn, zìyóuzìzài de piāoxiàlái.
Xiǎo yǔdī zài yǔsǎn shàng wán huáhuátī, zài xiǎohé shàng wán jiànshuǐhuā…… Tiānkōng shàng de māmā zěnme jiào yě jiào bù huíqù.
# Pinyin/Radiation, Ionizing

Ionizing radiation is the energy or particles (protons, electrons or neutrons) produced by unstable atoms of radioactive materials. It is present in the environment, as a result of both naturally occurring radioactive minerals and cosmic radiation arriving from outer space. Ionizing radiation is also produced by certain human activities, such as medicine and industry, and may result from accidents in nuclear facilities and nuclear bomb explosions.
When absorbed by the body, radiation produces toxic free radicals. Exposure to high levels of radiation can cause substantial damage to human body tissues, and may lead to death. Prolonged exposure to lower levels is also associated with increased risk of ill-health.
Diànlí fúshè shì yuánzǐ yǐ diàncíbō huò lìzǐ xíngshì suǒ shìfàng de yī zhǒng néngliàng. Rénmen suíshí dōuhuì jiēchù dào tiānrán diànlí fúshè yuán, pìrú, láizì yú tǔrǎng, shuǐ hé zhíbèi yǐjí X shèxiàn hé yīliáo qìxiè děng rénwéi zàochéng de fúshè.
Dāng fúshè jìliàng chāoguò yīdìng shuǐpíng shí, jiù huì gěi jiànkāng dàilái zhíjiē yǐngxiǎng, bǐrú pífū zhuóshāng huò jíxìng fúshè zònghézhèng. Dī jìliàng diànlí fúshè kěnéng huì jiādà chángqī yǐngxiǎng de fēngxiǎn, rú áizhèng.
# Pinyin/Rain

Rain
Ticktock-ticktock, Who cries quietly? Ticktock-ticktock, Crying less and less.
Yǔ
Dídā-dídā, shì shuí zài qiāoqiāo de kūqì? Dídā-dídā, kūshēng yuèláiyuè xiǎo.
# N64 Programming
## Table of Contents
### N64 reference

* CPU overview
* Video coprocessor
* Memory mapping

### Tutorials

* Compiling—Setting up a cross-compiler for the MIPS R4300
# N64 Programming/Video coprocessor

The RCP (VDP,PPU,video controller) is mainly interesting for polygon crunching and post-filter effects.
Formed from two components - RSP(Reality Signal Processor) and RDP(Reality Drawing Processor).
Texture cache and framebuffers are shared in RDRAM with the CPU.
Actual texture memory is only 4KB -- only allowed to operate on this amount at a time.

## RSP(Reality Signal Processor)

RSP is your transform and lighting unit (TnL). It manipulates world data and textures.
Mathematically, lots of matrices to transform from local data -> world space -> view space (projection w/ z-perspective correction).
Transform means scaling, translating and rotating for polygons, lighting normals, and texture UVs.
Creates primitive lists of triangles and lines for the RDP to render.

## RDP(Reality Drawing Processor)

RDP is the display unit.
Rasterizer, fog, environmental, color blending. Anti-aliasing effects.
Lower-level pixel handler.

## uCodes

The RCP has its own language, dubbed 'uCodes' (256 microcodes).
Think of modern vertex and fragment shaders from OpenGL or vertex and pixel shaders from Direct3D - both stages combined.
R4000 coprocessor (COP2). Each uCode is a string of ASM instructions run by the RSP. Also sets up the RDP batch renderer.
Display lists are a sequence of uCodes defined by the game. This is fed to the RSP.
Note: Emulator authors choose to translate uCodes into higher-level languages.
The programmers can define their own vertex / texture formats. Lighting methods. Overdraw detection and other flexible wizardry.
The microcodes are uploaded to the RCP at run-time. So each game has its own library of drawing functions (some are like DSP1 -> DSP1A -> DSP1B and others are akin to DSP2,DSP3).

## Texture variations

Games use custom formats. Furthermore, linear bitmaps can be any size (320x8, 48x13). 4/8/16/32-bpp is the norm.
The microcode libraries tend to define several 'accepted' formats.
This is a sample list from video plugin authors.
* 16-bit RGBA = 5551. Red,green,blue,alpha (transparency).
* 32-bit RGBA = 8888.
* 4-bit IA = 31. Grayscale intensity (luminosity,brightness) + alpha.
* 8-bit IA = 44.
* 16-bit IA = 88.
* 4-bit I = 40. Grayscale only.
* 8-bit I = 80. Grayscale.
* 16-bit I = (16)(0).
* 4-bit CI = 40. Palette lookup --> 16-bit RGBA or 16-bit IA.
* 8-bit CI = 80. Palette lookup --> 16-bit RGBA or 16-bit IA.
YUV = some other color format. Output is RGB (888) + Full alpha.
# Märklin Digital for English speakers/Digital components - Example Märklin 60831 m83 decoder

This decoder is used to switch point motors, signals and uncoupler tracks. It supports both the Märklin and DCC digital protocols. The M83 controls 8 separate outputs. identified by coloured LED's
The m84 is therefore capable of controlling 4 points (switches in US?) each point needing to use 2 outputs, or it can control 8 uncouplers or a mixture of these. The address of each unit is best set by dip switches leading to 4 in sequence addresses per decoder.
The m83 decoder derives it electrical power by:
* being directly connected to the powered track
* having a separate power supply powering it (citation needed)
* being plugged into an already powered m83 or m84 unit
M83 maximum current load = 3 amps
The m83 decoder is capable of replacing four 74461 under the track decoders, and at current prices of approx 30 Euros for the m83 and approx 20 Euros for just one under the carpet decoder that makes using the m83 considerable saving.
Effectively each point motor 74461 is wired back to the m83 with three wires - a common and two others for either straight through or to the turning.
The m83 when directed by the mobile station hand controller sends a brief pulse to effect the switch. Continued pressing of the controllers button, does not lead to an extended pulse. The pulse settings can be updated from the mobile station controller
# NCEA Level 1 Economics/Basics
## Scarcity

The economic problem or scarcity is an issue all of us face. We have limited means: limited time, skills and money. We have limited time in that there are only so many hours in a day and many of these hours will be occupied by other activities we do. Limited skills is also an issue: this means that we do not have the required ability in order to all the tasks we may wish to. For example you may want to work as an economist; however there are certain skills you must first have in order to do this. You will not be able to work in this type of role without prior training and the capacity and analytical skills to cope. We also have limited money. Even the Bill Gates and Warren Buffets of this world do not have unlimited money and as a result cannot simply buy anything. We have unlimited wants and needs and we do not have the means to fulfill all of our desires.

## Choices

As a result of limited means we have to make a choice as how to best use our limited resources. For instance you may wish to play on the computer but you need to do a lot of homework. As a result of your limited time you are not able to do both of these. As a result you will need to make a choice. If you decide to do homework you will not be able to to play on the computer. This means that playing on the computer will be the opportunity cost of your decision - the next best alternative not chosen. We make these choices according to our values. These values are the principles that are important to us: if you place a high importance on hard-working this will probably mean you choose to do your homework. Other such values include honesty, integrity, fair-dealing and so on. Our values differ depending on various factors such as our peer-group, up-bringing, religion, socio-economic group and age.
# Märklin Digital for English speakers/Contents

Contents
* Good reasons for going digital
* The simplest Märklin digital layout
* Digital components - Example Märklin 60831 m83 decoder
# N64 Programming/Compiling

The N64 is by no means resource limited, so writing software for it in C is perfectly reasonable. One thing you must keep in mind, though: coding for the N64 requires extensive knowledge of both C and MIPS R4K assembly. However, assembly will only have to be used in small routines that initialize the N64 (or handle exceptions). You also have to be familiar with the GNU toolchain (binutils and gcc namely).

## Initial Steps

Choose a directory that you want the compiled binaries, set this to $PREFIX, and ensure that it exists. For example,
Next, set $GCC to the compiler you are going to use. For example,

## Building binutils

Download the binutils source code (we will use version 2.35.1), and extract it.
Create an out-of-tree build directory, and change into it:
Then run the following commands:
Hopefully everything went well, and now you'll have a binutils package targeting MIPS. Move back to your working directory and now it is time to build GCC.

## Compiling GCC

GCC needs to use some of the binaries that you compiled above, so do the following:
This will make GCC be able to find them.
As with binutils, download the the gcc source (we will use version 10.2.0) and extract it.
Create an out-of-tree build directory, and change into it:
Then run the following commands:
The mips64 toolchain should now be installed in your chosen $PREFIX/bin.

## Coding examples

While coding C for the N64 is no different than any other platform (except that you don't have any libraries at your disposal), you may, at times, have to write to memory mapped registers. The following example (which utilizes DMA) demonstrates this:
You may also have to use inline assembly a fair bit. The function below sets a breakpoint on a region of memory:

## Links

* GCC 10.2.0
* Binutils 2.35.1
# N64 Programming/Memory mapping

Naturally, we'd like to keep our data in registers (1 clock cycle).
Having the CPU execute from CDROM would be slow (8 cycles). Even cartridge memory is faster.
Most likely, the game will copy the important code and data to RDRAM to decrease load times. And improve execution.
This is done via Direct-Memory Access (DMA), speedy transfer.
Note that you may also find self-modifying code since we're running from RAM.
Because the code is run off of memory, it is compiled from RAM and not ROM addresses.
Think of 8-bit NES/SMS/GB page offsets.

### Examples

is at ROM $554C (Fushigi no Dungeon 2).

## Memory map

Our memory map goes from $0000:0000-FFFF:FFFF.
COP0 can touch $2000:0000 upwards. Meaning it can change the physical addresses pointed at 24-bit offsets (16 MB). Or 8MB down to 4KB pages.
Generally,
    $0000:0000 = ROM.
    $1000:0000 = ROM.
    $8000:0000 = RDRAM. Code.
    $A000:0000 = RDRAM. Data.
    $A400:0000 = PI,SI. DMA registers.
    $B000:0000 = ROM (DMA, LD).
You'll see this as 'Translation Look-aside buffer' (TLB).

## PI DMA

DMA is a function of all modern systems to quickly move data between different components without involving the CPU. It is important to note that PI DMA memory transfers are done in 64-bit blocks. We can DMA from:
* RDRAM to/from Cartridge (ROM,SRAM,FlashRAM,..)
* RDRAM to/from RCP
DMA registers:
    $A460:0000 = RAM address (address & 0x00FFFFFF)
    $A460:0004 = ROM address (address & 0x1FFFFFFF)
    $A460:0008 = Transfer size (from RAM to cartridge)
    $A460:000C = Transfer size (from cartridge to RAM)
    $A460:0010 = DMA Status
The last two addresses accept the DMA copy length (minus 1--BPL loop) and start the transfer. Which length register you write to depends on the transfer direction you want. Once the transfer has been initiated, the status of the transfer can be checked by reading the status register. The following flags can be used to check the status:
* DMA_BUSY = 0x00000001
* DMA_ERROR = 0x00000008
Below is some example C code to utilize the N64's DMA functions:
# N64 Programming/CPU overview

Processor: 93.75 MHz NEC VR4300 , based on MIPS R4300i-series 64-bit RISC CPU (info)

## Registers

32 general registers, of which Nintendo has given a naming convention.
    R0 = always zero. Any attempts to modify this register silently fail.
    T0-T9 = scratch registers. CPU RAM.
    S0-S7 = registers saved upon function protocol. Trash at will if you know how.
    A0-A3 = parameter passing to subroutines. Formal but not rigid.
    RA = return address from subroutine. Not pulled from 'stack'. Change at convenience.
    V0-V1 = arithmetic values, function return values.
    SP = stack pointer. Informal.
    AT = assembler temporary. Free use.
These are formal definitions but not strictly enforced, save for R0 which is hardwired.
Instructions are WORD sized (32-bits).

## Coprocessors

In addition to the CPU, there are three other coprocessors.
* COP0 = memory management unit (MMU). Better known as 'virtual memory'.
* COP1 = floating-point unit (FPU).
* COP2 = video coprocessor (RCP).

## Branch delays

When performing branches, a 1-cycle delay is incurred. This means a branch instruction such as beq r0,r0,8006D234h would also execute the instruction following it. There is a limit on which opcodes can be placed in the delay slot.
Note that 'beq r0,r0,TARGET' is effectively 'bra TARGET'.

### Examples

The following machine code is found in Mario Golf.
NOP (no operation) is executed before the next instruction is fetched from memory.
An ADDU (add unsigned) is executed as the program counter is set to address 800B035C.
For our hobbyist purposes, it is much safer to always inefficiently waste a NOP (no operation) in the slot, and optimize later if necessary.

## Signed Addition

Care is required when using the unsigned family of MIPS instructions as the signedness refers to only whether the instruction will generate a trap on overflow. MIPS will sign-extend an operand regardless of whether ADDI or ADDIU is used:
Essentially when adding a value greater than 0x7FFF, even with the unsigned addition instructions, the effect is as if the value were negative. This also affects relative addressing, e.g.:
# Pinyin/Speed

Speed is the rate at which someone or something moves.
suhduh shih moourern huoh moouwuh yirdohng d suhlvh.
# Pinyin/Spermatozoon

Spermatozoons are the reproductive cells of men or other male animals. When spermatozoons and ovum combined, zygote is formed, which then develop into embryo.
Jīngzǐ shì nánxìng huò qítā xióngxìng shēngwù de shēngzhí xìbāo. Jīngzǐ yǔ luǎnzǐ jiéhé cóng'ér xíngchéng shòujīngluǎn, jìn'ér fāyù wéi pēitāi.
For offsprings, each cell have two pairs of chromosomes, which is known as a diploid. Spermatozoon provide approximately half of the genetic material. In mammals, the sex of the offsprings is determined by spermatazoons. Spermatozoons with Y copy of chromosome developed into male offsprings (XY chromosome type) when inseminated. Spermatozoons with X copy of chromosome developed into female offsprings (XX chromosome type) when inseminated. Ovum only provide X copy of chromosome. Spermatozoons are first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1677.
Duì hòudài (èrbèitǐ) éryán, jīngzǐ xìbāo tígōng dàyuē yībàn de yíchuán wùzhì. Zài bǔrǔdòngwù zhòng, hòudài de xìngbié yóu jīngzǐ juédìng: Hányǒu Y rǎnsètǐ de jīngzǐ shòujīng hòu fāyù wéi nánxìng/xióngxìng hòudài (XY xíng), hányǒu X rǎnsètǐ de jīngzǐ shòujīng hòu fāyù wéi nǚxìng/cíxìng hòudài (XX xíng), luǎnzǐ zhǐ tígōng X rǎnsètǐ. Jīngzǐ zuìchū yóu Antonie van Leeuwenhoek yú 1677 nián guānchá dào.
# Pinyin/Spice

See also
A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetable substance, mainly used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.
xiangliaoh shih gan de zhoongzii, shuiiguoo, shuhgen, shuhpir, huoh shucaih, zhuuyaoh yohngyur shihwuh de tiaorweih, tiaorseh huoh farngfuu.
Spices are different from herbs, which are leafy plants used for flavoring or decorating.
xiangliaoh butorng xiangcaao, xiangcaao shih yohngyur tiaorweih huoh zhuangshih de duo-yeh zhirwuh.
Spices not only just excite your taste buds but are composed of an impressive list of phyto-nutrients, essential oils, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins that are essential for overall wellness. Spices have been part of our food since centuries. Thanks to the Arab and European explorers, whose contributions in spreading them from their place of origin to the rest of the planet has immensely broaden their use and popularity all over the world.
Xiāngliào bùjǐn cìjī wèilěi, hái hányǒu fēngfù de zhíwù-yíngyǎngsù, jīngyóu, kàngyǎnghuàjì, kuàngwùzhì hé wéishēngsù, duì zhěngtǐ jiànkāng bìbùkěshǎo. Jǐgè shìjì yǐlái xiāngliào yīzhí shì wǒmen de shíwù. Yóuyú Ālābó hé Ōuzhōu tànxiǎnjiā de gòngxiàn, shǐ xiāngliào cóng yuánjídì chuánbō dào shìjiè qítā dìqū, jídàdi tuòkuān qí shǐyòng hé pǔjí shìjiè.
# Pinyin/Spelling

Spelling is the correct way of writing a word.
pinxiee shih shuxiee ciryuu d zhehngqueh fangshih.
# Pinyin/Speech

Speech is the language used when speaking.
koouyuu shih shuohuah d yuuyarn.
# Pinyin/Special

See also
# Pinyin/Special Region

See also
# Nineteen Eighty-Four/Part 1

In part one, we are introduced to the bleak world of Winston Smith, an Outer Party member of Ingsoc living in London. Winston has committed Thoughtcrime by writing in a diary. He is curious about two people -- the first being a dark-haired girl who's name we still do not know, and an Inner Party member known as O'Brien.
# Nineteen Eighty-Four/Part 1/Chapter 1

In the first chapter we are introduced to the world of Winston Smith, an Outer Party worker in Oceania. The quality of his life is meager, and he is secretly dissatisfied with Big Brother. He buys a diary from a Proletariat shop and starts writing in it. This action is considered a "Thoughtcrime", and those accused of it are never seen again. Nobody knows what happens to them. During Two Minutes Hate, a traitor to the party known as Emmanuel Goldstein appears on the telescreen, and is subject to the hatred of the government workers. For some reason, an Inner Party member, O'Brien, catches his eye as someone who's "political orthodoxy was not perfect." Meanwhile, Winston subconsciously writes "DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER" in his diary, and despairs because the Thought Police would find out and punish him.
# Nineteen Eighty-Four/Part 1/Chapter 2

Winston visits a neighbor in the Victory Mansions, Mrs. Parsons. Although her apartment is bigger than Winston's, it holds a family of four and reeks of sweat. Mr. Parsons was not home at the time. Mr. Parsons and his kids are strong supporters of the Party. In fact, the kids play with Winston and accuse him of treachery because they could not see the hanging of Eurasian war criminals. Mrs. Parson, on the other hand, looks helpless in controlling her children, who in a few years, would probably be spying on her for the Party. Back in his apartment, Winston remembers a dream seven years ago in which he heard O'Brien's voice, saying, "We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness." He wrote in his diary again, wondering who it should be addressed to. It was unlikely that anyone else would ever read it, but he continues to write, hoping that the diary will be discovered by someone in the future.
# Nimrod Programming/Why learn Nimrod?
## Why Learn Nim?
### What is Nim?

Nim is a programming language used to interact with a computer. Programming languages can't be used to pass information for that you would need a normal language, instead they pass instructions, they are like grandma's recipes, they tell people (in this case computers) how to achieve a set of things.

## Nim's description as a programming language

Nim is a statically typed compiled systems programming language. It combines successful concepts from mature languages like Python, Ada and Modula.
So its more like a shortcut for the developer , being high level and also being low level, meaning its closer to the hardware

## Nim's objectives

Nim meets the following objectives as in this order of priority
* Efficient
* Expressive
* Elegant
# Nineteen Eighty-Four/Essay Questions

How does the dystopian view of George Orwell's future connect to the certain totalitarian governments of the past?
What initial message was Orwell trying to express in 1984?
# Nineteen Eighty-Four/Part 1/Chapter 4

In this chapter we see an average day at the Records Department of the Ministry of Truth (Minitrue) where Winston works. Winston is one of many Outer Party members whose job is to "rectify" history. As Winston puts it, "[It] was not even forgery. It was merely the substitution of one piece of nonsense for another." One of Winston's current jobs was to edit out references in an old newspaper to a man known as Withers, as he was now an "unperson" (dead).
# Nineteen Eighty-Four

This is a study guide for the book Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. The book is now out of copyright in many nations since January 2021, so free versions may be available online.

## Table of Contents

* Background Information
* Part 1
   * Chapter 1
   * Chapter 2
   * Chapter 3
   * Chapter 4
   * Chapter 5
   * Chapter 6
   * Chapter 7
   * Chapter 8
* Part 2
   * Chapter 1
   * Chapter 2
   * Chapter 3
   * Chapter 4
   * Chapter 5
   * Chapter 6
   * Chapter 7
   * Chapter 8
   * Chapter 9
* Part 3
   * Chapter 1
   * Chapter 2
   * Chapter 3
   * Chapter 4
   * Chapter 5
   * Chapter 6
* Characters
* Setting
* Themes, Motifs, and Symbols
* Important Terms
* Quiz
* Essay Questions