OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Test Module 6

1. Below are some of the winning combinations of an "ideal" FLOSS trainer. Which one is not? Ability to engage participants and relate content to their situation.
* Winning personality and ability to communicate.
* Practical experience in FLOSS applications.
* Ability to program in Java and Visual Basics
2. Which one of the following is not one of the three types of training interventions for FLOSS Trainers discussed in module 6.1?
* Those who have the technical knowledge of FLOSS packages and have been using certain packages, but have not conducted any training of any nature.
* Those who have the knowledge and skills on how to conduct ICT training for adults which they might have acquired through self-learning or having had attended a course, but have not conducted any FLOSS training. Instead, they have conducted training in proprietary software.
* Those who have no jobs and they want to occupy themselves
* Those who have conducted FLOSS training courses and have the knowledge and skill on how to conduct training, but have not trained other trainers
3. Why is it important that trainers use the software they will be training?
* Helps them become conversant with features and functionalities that the software provides and can transmit this knowledge to their trainees.
* Helps them boast of the knowledge they have about the software
* Helps them deliver the training within the shortest time possible
* Helps them be liked by the trainees
4. Trainers should see training as a stage production: which of the following is not part of the stage production aspects?
* There is the audience (participants).
* There is a stage (training room).
* The performance by the actor (trainer conducting the course).
* The performance by the audience (Shouting)
5. Selection of candidates for FLOSS training can be done using the following criteria exceptelection of candidates for FLOSS training can be done using the following criteria except.....................
Please, contribute to the material! Click here “How to contribute”
6. Below are some of FLOSS certification recognisable in many countries. Which one is not very recognizable when it comes to FLOSS training?
Please, contribute to the material! Click here “How to contribute”
7. Below is a list of some of the steps involved in the design of a course/curriculum. Which one is weak compared to the others in the list?
Please, contribute to the material! Click here “How to contribute”
8. Why should the development of FLOSS training content take cognisance of the commercial world for proprietary software?
9. The Diverger is described by the following except:
Please, contribute to the material! Click here “How to contribute”
10. The Converger is described by the following except:
Please, contribute to the material! Click here “How to contribute”
# Ict@innovation: Training Guide on Linux System Administration, LPI Level 1
## Table of Contents
### System Architecture (101)

* 101.1 Determine and Configure Hardware Settings
* 101.2 Boot the System
* 101.3 Runlevels, Rebooting & Shutting down the system

### Linux Installation and Package Management (102)

* 102.1 Design hard disk layout
* 102.2 Install a boot manager
* 102.3 Manage shared libraries
* 102.4 Debian Package Management
* 102.5 RPM and YUM Package Management

### GNU and Unix Commands (103)

* 103.1 Working on the Command Line
* 103.2 Process text streams using filters
* 103.3 Perform basic file management
* 103.4 Streams, Pipes and Re-directs
* 103.5 Create, Monitor and Kill Processes
* 103.6 Modify Process Execution Priorities
* 103.7 Using Regular Expressions
* 103.8 Using Vi

### Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (104)

* 104.1 Create Partitions and Filesystems
* 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems
* 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
* 104.4 Manage Disk Quotas
* 104.5 Manage File Permissions and Ownership
* 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links
* 104.7 Finding and Placing Files within the File Hierarchy Standard

### Shells, Scripting and Data Management (105)

* 105.1 Customize and use the shell environment
* 105.2 Customize or Write Simple Scripts
* 105.3 SQL Data Management

### User Interfaces and Desktops (106)

* 106.1 Install and Configure X11
* 106.2 Set Up a Display Manager
* 106.3 Accessibility

### Administrative Tasks (107)

* 107.1 Manage User and Group Accounts
* 107.2 Automate System Administration Tasks
* 107.3 Localization and Internationalization

### Essential System Services (108)

* 108.1 Maintain System Time
* 108.2 System Logging
* 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics
* 108.4 Managing Printers and Printing

### Networking Fundamentals (109)

* 109.1 Fundamentals of Internet Protocols
* 109.2 Basic Network Configuration
* 109.3 Basic Network Troubleshooting
* 109.4 Configure client-side DNS

### Security (110)

* 110.1 Perform Security Administration Tasks
* 110.2 Setting Up Host Security
* 110.3 Securing data with encryption
# Identifying Rocks and Minerals

This book will help you to identify rocks and minerals.

## Contents

* Introduction
* What's the difference between rocks and minerals?
* Types of Rocks
* Properties useful in identifying rocks and minerals
* Hardness
* Cleavage
# Identifying Rocks and Minerals/Hardness

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material. It was created in 1812 by the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs and is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science.
Mohs based the scale on ten minerals that are all readily available. As the hardest known naturally occurring substance, diamond is at the top of the scale. The hardness of a material is measured against the scale by finding the hardest material that the given material can scratch, and/or the softest material that can scratch the given material. For example, if some material is scratched by apatite but not by fluorite, its hardness on the Mohs scale is 4.5.
The Mohs scale is a purely ordinal scale. For example, corundum (9) is twice as hard as topaz (8), but diamond (10) is almost four times as hard as corundum. The table below shows comparison with absolute hardness measured by a sclerometer.
| Hardness | Mineral |
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 3 | Calcite |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase Feldspar |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
On the Mohs scale, fingernail has hardness 2.5; copper penny, about 3.5; a knife blade, 5.5; window glass, 6.5; steel file, 6.5. Using these ordinary materials of known hardness can be a simple way to approximate the position of a mineral on the scale.
Some mnemonics traditionally taught to geology students to remember this table are "The Girls Can Flirt And Other Queer Things Can Do" or "To Get Candy From Aunt Fanny, Quit Teasing Cousin Danny". Another Mnemonic is "Two Gypsies Called Flo And Fred Queued To Cut Diamonds."
An alternative table is shown below which has been modified to incorporate additional substances that may fall in between two levels.
Source: American Federation of Mineralogical Societies: Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness
| Hardness | Substance or Mineral |
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 2.5 to 3 | pure Gold, Silver |
| 3 | Calcite, Copper penny |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 4 to 4.5 | Platinum |
| 4 to 5 | Iron |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase |
| 6.5 | Iron pyrite |
| 6 to 7 | Glass, Vitreous pure silica |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 7 to 7.5 | Garnet |
| 7 to 8 | Hardened steel |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
| 11.1 | Aggregated diamond nanorods |
| 15.8 | Lonsdaleite |
To test the hardness of a specimen take it and try to scratch it with the first rock in your hardness kit, Talc. If it is scratched then the rock you're testing is hardness 1. If not then try to scratch the Talc with your rock. If the rock scratches the Talc then it is harder than the Talc. You should now repeat this process with the next rock in your hardness kit, Gypsum. Continue until you find a rock that scratches the specimen you're testing. The hardness of the rock that scratches your specimen is the hardness of your specimen.
← Properties used to identify · Cleavage →
# History of video games/Platforms/Video Pinball series
## History

The Video Pinball consoles were a series of Atari consoles. The first of the consoles was released in 1977.

## Technology

The Video Pinball consoles contained RAM.

## Gallery

* Version 1 of Atari Video Pinball
* Atari Video Pinball C-380
* Sears Tele-Games Pinball Breakaway

## References

* ↑ "Video game console:Atari Video Pinball - Atari, Inc". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
* ↑ "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
# History of video games/Platforms/Video Challenger
## History

The Video Challenger was a VHS based console released in Japan in 1987. The Video Challenger was released in other countries under different brands. The system was oriented around light gun games.

## Technology

The Video Challenger uses a Hitachi 8-bit HD401010 processor clocked at four megahertz, with access to 32 bytes of RAM.

## Notable games

* After Burner II by Sega
* Turtle Challenge - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles game.
* Sky Wars
* Thunder Storm by Data East
* Road Blaster by Data East
* Space Challenge
* Godzilla Challenger 1
* Godzilla Challenger 2

## External Resources

* Video Game Kraken - Video Challenger page with photo and marketing information.
* Video Game Console Library - Video Challenger page with model and spec info.

## References

* ↑ "Video Challenger Road Blaster (Japan)". 1 January 1987. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
* ↑ "Video Challenger by Select Merchandise – The Video Game Kraken". Retrieved 27 November 2020.
* ↑ "Video Challenger • Takara • 1987 : RAM OK ROM OK". Retrieved 31 October 2020.
* ↑ "Home Page". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Video Challenger". Wikipedia. 19 January 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/View-Master Interactive Vision
## History
### Development

The View-Master Ideal Group was the result of serval mergers of the View-Master company.

### Launch

The View-Master Interactive Vision was released in 1988 by the View-Master Ideal Group at a cost of $130.

### Legacy

The View-Master Ideal Group was acquired in 1989.

## Technology

The system was primarily used to generate graphic overlays on VHS tapes, creating interactive experiences where players could determine the outcome of scenes. The VHS tapes used by the system contains the software to run the system.

### Compute

The View-Master uses a TMS9128NL chip for video.

## Notable games

All the games for the View-Master Interactive Vision are either based on Sesame Street, The Muppets, or Disney.
* Muppet Madness
* Muppet Studios Presents: Your the Director
* Sesame Street: Let’s Learn to Play Together
* Sesame Street: Let’s Play School
* Sesame Street: Magic on Sesame Street
* Sesame Street: Oscar’s Letter Party

## Gallery
### Console

* View-Master Interactive Vision console from the front left.
* View-Master Interactive Vision console from the front right.
* View-Master Interactive Vision console from the back left.
* View-Master Interactive Vision console from the back right.
* View-Master Interactive Vision console from the back, showing console IO.

### Controller

* View-Master Interactive Vision controller laid flat.
* View-Master Interactive Vision controller from the left.
* View-Master Interactive Vision controller from the right.

### Internals

* The circuit board of the Interactive Vision fits the irregular shape of the console.
* This side of the circuit board houses components
* A large RF Shield is kept around the circuitry.

## References

* 1 2 "60 Years of View-Master History from Sawyers to Mattel". www.viewmaster.co.uk. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
* 1 2 "[View-Master Interactive Vision] Muppet Madness". 1 January 1988. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
* ↑ "What is the View-Master Interactive Vision? YoExpert Q&A". classic-video-games.yoexpert.com. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
* ↑ Personal Computing. Personal Computing Magazine. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
* ↑ "Only In The 80's Would They Put Video Games On A VHS Tape" (in en-us). Kotaku. https://kotaku.com/only-in-the-80s-would-they-put-video-games-on-a-vhs-tap-5786220. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
* ↑ Paul, Franzen (1 October 2008). "Dear Readers: View-Master Interactive Vision". GameCola. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
* ↑ "The motherboard of a View-Master Interactive Vision, a sorta gaming, edutainment console from 1988. This is the flat view, and is shown with the RF shielding removed. The following is some chip data and information copied from the board:". 14 June 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/VTech Socrates
## History

The VTech Socrates was preceded by the VTech CreatiVision.
The VTech Socrates was released in 1988 at a cost of $130. Marketing for the system emphasized it's educational value. The system featured a robot mascot named Socrates, who borrowed its name from the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates.

## Technology
### Compute

The VTech Socrates uses either a 8-bit TMP Z84C00AP-6 CPU, which is based on the Z80 and is clocked at 3.58 MHz or a similar Zilog Z84C0004PSC.
The VTech Socrates had 64 kilobytes of RAM.

### Input

The system came with a wireless keyboard, and an optional touchpad and optional wireless mouse and mouse pad were made available.
A voice cartridge add on was available for the system.

## Notable games

* Amazing Mazes - Maze game
* Around the World - World geography software
* CAD Professor - Uses the mouse add on.
* Facts 'N Fractions - Math software
* Game Wizard - Logic
* Hodge Podge - Word games
* Memory Mania - Memory game
* Numbers, Shapes, and Letters - Uses the touchpad add on.
* State to State - United States geography

## Gallery
### Wireless Inferred Controller

* This keyboard uses an ABCD layout
* Vowels are highlighted in red.
* The Inferred communication system is visible on the back.
* A light near the top of the keyboard indicates when communication occurs.

### Internals

* The right side of the motherboard contains both the Zilog Z80 CPU, and the game cartridge connector.
* The connector on the left can be populated with a voice cartridge.
* The game cartridge connector is directly mounted on the motherboard.
* Ample edge plating protects the sides of the motherboard.
* A top down view of the motherboard. The smooth curves of the traces suggest a hand drawn design.

## References

* 1 2 3 "ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: Socrates : Free Software : Free Download, Borrow and Streaming : Internet Archive". archive.org. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
* ↑ Dines, Gail; Humez, Jean M. Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text-Reader. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-8039-5163-1. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
* ↑ "ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: Socrates : Free Software : Free Download, Borrow and Streaming : Internet Archive" (in en). archive.org. https://archive.org/details/socrates_library.
* 1 2 "68k Mentat - VTech Socrates". new.68kmentat.com. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
* ↑ "The motherboard of the Socrates, an educational entertainment ("edutainment") video game console released in 1988 by VTech. Powered by a Zilog Z80 processor, the board has two expansions for a voice cartridge and game cartridge. The system is comparatively weak, due to being designed to run off 6 D batteries". 18 November 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "VTech Socrates". Wikipedia. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/VTech Variety
## History

The VTech Variety was released in 1983. Little more is known about the history of the console.

## Technology

The CPU and LCD for the System is located on the cartridge.

## Notable games

At least six games were released for the VTech Variety. Some game cartridges had dual layer LCDs to contain two games in one package, increasing portability.

## External Resources

* Handheld Museum - VTech Variety

## References

* 1 2 3 4 "Video Game Console Library". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ "Vtech Variety". www.handheldmuseum.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ Manikas, Pantelis. "VTech Variety". The voice of the gaming community gamemedium.com. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/VideoBrain Family Computer
## History
### Launch

The VideoBrain Family Computer was launched in December of 1977.

### Legacy
## Technology
### Compute

The system sported a Fairchild F8 clocked at 1.79 megahertz. The system had 1 kilobyte of RAM.

### Hardware

The system was manufactured in the United States of America.

## Gallery

* Front view
* Cartridge slot open.
* Rear view
* Unit view
* Cartridge packaging
* Cartridge bottom.
* VideoBrain Traveling Prototype unit.

## References

* 1 2 3 "VideoBrain Family Computer". oldcomputers.net. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
* ↑ "VideoBrain Family Computer | 102757397 | Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/VTech 3D Gamate
## History

Not to be confused with the later, but unrelated Gamate.
The VTech 3D Gamate was released in 1983, and featured a screen designed for stereo viewing.
Little more is known about the console, however it holds a distinct role as an early stereoscopic gaming device.

## Technology

The 3D Gamate uses cartridges. The Cartridges themselves contain the stereoscopic screens.

## Notable games
### Released

Three official games were released for the 3D Gamate.
* Escape
* Formula 500
* Death Corridor

### Unreleased

* Viking Invasion
* Bonk
* Flying Saucers

## External Resources

* Game Medium - VTech 3D Gamate page.

## References

* ↑ "The www.HandheldMuseum.com Forum :: View topic - Vtech 3D Gamate (1983)". www.handheldmuseum.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ "RARE GAMING ODDITY: VTECH GAMATE!". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ "3D GAMATE". 3D GAMATE. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ "Home Page". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "VTech 3D Gamate". Wikipedia. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/VTech CreatiVision
## History

The VTech CreatiVision was launched in 1981. The console attempted to serve as both a game console and a computer system.
The VTech CreatiVision sold poorly and was discontinued in either late 1985 or early 1986.
The VTech CreatiVision was followed by the VTech Socrates.

## Technology

The VTech CreatiVision uses an 8-bit Rockwell 6502A CPU clocked at 2 megahertz. This chip was a version of the MOS Technology 6502, a common processor used in game consoles and home computers of the time.
The CreatiVision could display 32 sprites.
The system is equipped with 1 kilobyte of RAM and 16 kilobytes of video RAM.

## Notable games

* Air/Sea Attack
* Planet Defender
* Sonic Invader

## Gallery
### Australian Dick Smith Wizard

* The Dick Smith Wizard with controllers installed.
* The Dick Smith Wizard with controllers removed.

### Accessories

* Each controller contains a joystick and half a keyboard.
* The controller back is not a simple flat back, but contains a depressed cavity.
* When placed side by side, the controllers become a usable keyboard.
* The Vtech CreatiVision Power Supply featured a barrel jack with 5 internal pins.

### Internals

* The console internals are tightly packed on the motherboard.
* Casing is primarily plastic, with metal used for screw mounts.

## External Resources

* Video Game Console Library - History and specs for the CreatiVision.
* Video Game Kraken - Detailed history for the CreatiVision.

## References

* 1 2 3 "Home Page". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 "ARCHIVE.ORG Console Library: VTech Creativision : Free Software : Free Download, Borrow and Streaming : Internet Archive". archive.org. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
* ↑ "CreatiVision by VTech – The Video Game Kraken". Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* 1 2 "10 Classic Game Console Mods". PCMAG. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* 1 2 3 "VTech CreatiVision". Wikipedia. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
# Information Technology and Ethics/Copyrights,Patents and Trade Secrets

The U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, 1980 The U.S. Mask Act The U.S. Patent Act The U.S. Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1996 Berne Convention
# Information Technology and Ethics/Data Breaches
## Data Breaches

Data breaches occur either when hackers break into a database or the failure to follow proper procedures regarding security.
# Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students/Pronouns

* Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students
* NOUNS - Pronouns - Nouns - Proper nouns
* VERBS - Activity verbs - Adjectival stative verbs - Non-adjectival stative verbs - Yes/No answers - Past tense - Future tense
* OTHERS - Negation - Questions - Adverbs - Conjunctions - Prepositions - Numbers - Phrases

## Pronouns
### Overview

| 我 | wŏ | I; me |
| 你 | nĭ | you (singular) |
| 您 | nín | You (singular, formal) |
| 他 | tā | he, him |
| 她 | tā | she, her |
| 它 | tā | it |
| 我们 | wŏmen | we; us |
| 你们 | nĭmen | you (plural) |
| 他们 | tāmen | they; them |

### Syntax

As with all nouns, there are no separate forms of pronouns for the use as subject (I) or as object (me).
| 我喜欢你 ◦ | wŏ xĭhuan nĭ. | I like you. |
| 你喜欢我 ◦ | nĭ xĭhuan wŏ. | You like me. |

### Notes

In Taiwan and Hong Kong, the feminine second person singular pronoun 妳 (nĭ) is often used to address a woman or a girl. To address a woman formally, 您 is used.
# Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students/Proper nouns

* Mandarin Chinese Grammar for Pimsleur Students
* NOUNS - Pronouns - Nouns - Proper nouns
* VERBS - Activity verbs - Adjectival stative verbs - Non-adjectival stative verbs - Yes/No answers - Past tense - Future tense
* OTHERS - Negation - Questions - Adverbs - Conjunctions - Prepositions - Numbers - Phrases

## Proper nouns
### Languages
#### Examples

| 英文 | yīngwén | English |
| 普通话 | pŭtōng huà | Mandarin Chinese (expression used in Mainland China) |
| 国语 | guó yŭ | Mandarin Chinese (expression used outside Mainland China) |

#### Syntax

| 我会说国语 ◦ | wŏ huì shuō guó yŭ. | I can speak Mandarin Chinese. |
| 你国语说得很好 ◦ | nĭ guó yŭ shuō de hěn hăo. | You speak Mandarin Chinese very well. |

### Countries
#### Examples

| 美国 | Měiguó | America; American |
| 中国 | Zhōnguó | China; Chinese |

#### Syntax

| 美国很远 ◦ | Měiguó hěn yuăn. | America is very far. |
| 我们喜欢中国 ◦ | wŏmen xĭhuān Zhōngguó. | We like China. |
| 在中国啤酒不是很贵 ◦ | zài Zhōngguó píjĭu bù shì hěn guì. | In China, beer is not very expensive. |
| 我的女儿在 美国 ◦ | wŏ de nǚér zài Měiguó. | My daughter is in America. |
| 他们要去中国 ◦ | tāmen yào qù Zhōngguó. | They will go to China. |
| 你是中国人吗 ? | nĭ shì Zhōngguó rén ma? | Are you Chinese (lit.: Chinese person)? |

### Others

This is a list of other proper nouns that are used in the program:
| 北京 | Běijīng | Beijing |
| 长安街 | Cháng Ān jiē | Long Peace Street |
| 华盛顿 | Huá Shèng Dùn | Washington |
| 香港 | Xiānggǎng | Hong Kong |
| 学院路 | Xuéyuàn lù | College Road |
| 英王道 | Yīng Wáng dào | Kings Road |