OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Devonshire Manuscript/Detailed Hand List Hand 13

Detailed Hand Lists :
| Hand 1 | Hand 7 | Hand 13 |
| Hand 1.1 | Hand 7.1 | Hand MS |
| Hand 2 | Hand 8 | Hand MD |
| Hand 3 | Hand 9 | Hand MF |
| Hand 4 | Hand 10 | Hand TH1 |
| Hand 5 | Hand 11 | Hand TH2 |
| Hand 6 | Hand 12 | Hand HS |

## Hand Tables
### Majiscules

* D
* I
* R
* T
* W

### Miniscules

* a
* b
* c
* d
* e
* f
* g
* h
* i
* k
* l
* m
* n
* o
* p
* r
* s
* t
* u
* v
* w
* y

### Digraphs, Brevigraphs, Symbols, and Extended Examples

* des
* es
* kes
* ll
* st
* th
* un
# The Devonshire Manuscript/Detailed Hand List Hand 1.1

Detailed Hand Lists :
| Hand 1 | Hand 7 | Hand 13 |
| Hand 1.1 | Hand 7.1 | Hand MS |
| Hand 2 | Hand 8 | Hand MD |
| Hand 3 | Hand 9 | Hand MF |
| Hand 4 | Hand 10 | Hand TH1 |
| Hand 5 | Hand 11 | Hand TH2 |
| Hand 6 | Hand 12 | Hand HS |

## Hand Tables
### Majiscules

* I
* S
* T

### Miniscules

* a
* b
* c
* d
* e
* f
* g
* h
* i
* k
* l
* m
* n
* o
* p
* q
* r
* s
* t
* u
* v
* w
* y

### Digraphs, Brevigraphs, Symbols, and Extended Examples

* ch
* de
* ll
* ke
* per
* re
* st
* th
* tt
* um
* with
# The Devonshire Manuscript/Detailed Hand List Hand 2

Detailed Hand Lists :
| Hand 1 | Hand 7 | Hand 13 |
| Hand 1.1 | Hand 7.1 | Hand MS |
| Hand 2 | Hand 8 | Hand MD |
| Hand 3 | Hand 9 | Hand MF |
| Hand 4 | Hand 10 | Hand TH1 |
| Hand 5 | Hand 11 | Hand TH2 |
| Hand 6 | Hand 12 | Hand HS |

## Hand Tables
### Majiscules

* A
* B
* D
* H
* I
* M
* N
* O
* P
* R
* S
* T
* W
* Y

### Miniscules

* a
* b
* c
* d
* e
* f
* g
* h
* i
* k
* l
* m
* n
* o
* p
* q
* r
* s
* t
* u
* v
* w
* y

### Digraphs, Brevigraphs, Symbols, and Extended Examples

* ca
* ch
* cl
* cr
* dd
* es
* ff
* grace
* ll
* neuer
* per
* perfyghtly
* pre
* pri
* quod
* ry
* ser
* sh
* ss
* st
* th
* that
* the
* with
* y-macron
* your
# Structural Biochemistry/Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis/Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis/Glycolysis/Glycolysis

The glycolytic pathway has a dual role: it degrades glucose to generate ATP, and it provides building blocks for the synthesis of cellular components. The rate of conversion of glucose into pyruvate is regulated to meet these two major cellular needs. Under physiological conditions, the reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible except for those catalyzed by hexokinase, phosphoructokinase, and pyruvate kinase.
# Structural Biochemistry/HSP90
## HSP90

HSP90 is a molecular chaperone network which leads to homeostasis through modulating protein-DNA dynamics of components involved in RNA transcription, telomere maintenance, DNA repair, and DNA replication. It displays a protein binding capacity with an affinity for short hydrophobic amino acid motifs. These chaperones usually have short, low affinity interactions with their target protein to avoid interfering with the protein’s activity. Prokaryotes are known to typically contain one HSP90 gene which isn’t essential, while eukaryotes contain several HSP90 genes that are known to be essential.

# Function

HSP90 along with the p23 cochaperone are both proteins that interact with the protein subunit of a human telomerase (hTERT) and contribute to its enzymatic activity. HSP90 proteins have been known to promote DNA binding and nucleotide affinity for telomerase, and so HSP90 aids in maintaining telomere DNA length.

# Extra

HSP90 isoforms Hsp82 and Hsc82 lead to telomeric DNA shortening.

## References

DeZwann, Diane C., and Brian C. Freeman. "Trends Biochem Sci." Trends Biochem Sci. (2010): n. page.
# Structural Biochemistry/Hardy-Weinberg Principle

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle attempts to describe populations that are in equilibrium. It states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population remains relatively the same unless experiencing disruptive factors in the system. These factors include mutations, selection, genetic drift, and nonrandom mating; most of which contribute to the genetic variation and microevolution in human beings. However, later we shall see that this principle has some helpful applications.
The equation is as follows:
    $p^{2}+2pq+q^{2}=1$
where $p^{2}$ represents the homozygous dominant genotype frequency
$2pq$ represents the "heterozygous genotype" frequency
$q^{2}$ represents the "homozygous recessive" genotype frequency
Another helpful derivation of the equation is:
$p+q=1$

## History

The name of the principle probably suggests that it was discovered by two people (Jeff Curry and Steph Curry) who were working together; the truth is otherwise. Wilhelm Weinberg and G. H. Hardy both worked on the mathematical and theoretical part of this principle separately, however published their work at relatively the same time. The problem was Wilhelm Weinberg wrote in German and G. H. Hardy wrote in English. At this period of time (around early 1900s), the study of genetics was most prominent in the english-speaking world, and thus Weinberg's contribution to the principle remained unappreciated until a considerable number of years later. Today, we better understand the existence of changes in a population because of both their studies and work in this field of genetics.

## Assumptions and Applications

There are five assumptions to the Hardy-Weinberg principle:
1. No mutations
2. No selection
3. No migration
4. Large population
5. Random Mating
The application of this principle comes when defining change in a population that ultimately leads to microevolution. When the evaluating a population and wondering if it proves selection or any of the five assumptions mentioned above, one only needs to use the equation and perform a chi-squared test to see the impact of disruptive factors on the given population; a indispensable tool in the study of genetic variation in a population and evolution.

## References

Curington, John. "Evolution Lecture" BICD 100 Lecture. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. 15 Nov. 2012. Lecture.
# Structural Biochemistry/H and E

H and E staining
H and E staining is an acidophilic, basocphilic staining method. This means that there is a component of an acid and a component that contains a base within this staining method. Basophilic, meaning something that likes bases. Therefore, acids would react to this such as nucleic acids. Acidophlic meaning proteins that are in the cytoplasm would react to acidic dyes because they like acids or negatively charged molecules. In this case H, which stands for hematoxylin is a basic dye, this means that it is positively charged and stains acidic structures such as nucleic acids. Hence, following this Eosin would be acidic and would then stain any structures that are basic. Eosin stains the bases with a pink color and hematoxylin stains the acids with a purple color.
# Structural Biochemistry/Glycoproteins
## Glycoproteins

Glycoproteins are proteins with oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently bound to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached by a process called glycosylation. Proteins that have extending segments in an extracellular manner are often glycosylated. Glycosylation occurs in one of two modes:
N-Glycosylation where the carbohydrate adds onto the amide Nitrogen of an asparagine.
O-Glycosylation where the carbohydrate adds onto the hydroxyl Oxygen of a serine or a threonine.
Note that these glycosylation reactions of a protein will only occur when the protein has the following order: Asn-X-Ser or Asn-X-Thr. X in the sequence can be any protein except proline. Glycoproteins are often important integral membrane proteins, such that they allow cell-cell interactions. Glycoproteins appear in the cytosol as well, but there is a lack of understanding in this subject.

## Reference

Glycoprotein
# Structural Biochemistry/Glycoproteins/Ebola Virus

The ebola virus operates via an envelope glycoprotein (GP) which is solely responsible for the virus’ ability to infect new cells. The virus’ genome consists of only seven genes; however, one of these genes is responsible for the generation of two proteins via transcriptional editing. The first protein, known as sGP, is primarily produced during the early stages of infection. Its purpose is structural and it does not come in contact with the surface of the cell. The second protein, GP, contains a hydrophobic tail, and thus is present on the surface of the envelope, making it responsible for the infection of new cells. To complicate things further, the immune response is mitigated by the presence of sGP. In fact, immune response demonstrates a preference for sGP over GP, allowing the virus to replicate more quickly. For this reason, the goal is to create an antibody that will target the GP while ignoring sGP.
X-ray crystallography of GP has allowed biochemists to understand its structure. GP contains 676 amino acids broken up into two subsections covalently connected by disulfide bonds. The first subsection is responsible for attachment to the host cell. The second subsection integrates the viral envelope into the host cell membrane. The most promising method for foiling the virus involves the creation of a specific monoclonal antibody that targets GP1 or GP2.
# UK Company Law/Style Guide and Authors

* Style Guide
* Please follow the style guide. Changes to the guide should be proposed on the Talk page for agreement of consensus between contributors.
* This book is about company law in the UK.
* The writing style used in the book is British English. If content is added in other varieties of English, it will be changed to British English.
* This book is designed to be fully self contained. It is not an encyclopedia article and there are minimal links to Wikipedia. Where it is necessary to explain a legal term, it should be linked to an entry in the Glossary within the book.
* The book is also designed to be used in conjunction with the Wikiversity course on UK Company Law.
* The book uses minimal in-line references; please add the full citation in the Bibliography, not within the individual chapters. This also applies to bare URLs and external links - please put them in the Bibliography.
* Authors
* This is a list of significant contributors as of April 2017. If you've made a major contribution and wish to be recognised, please add your name below:
* Green Giant
# UK Company Law

This book is part of a series on UK Law:
Company Law Contract Law Criminal Law Database Law Equity and Trusts Property Law Tort Law
* This book is about UK Company Law, its history, development and current state. The book is designed to complement the Wikiversity course of the same name, but can be read on its own. Each chapter begins with an outline of the topic because an understanding of the principles of tort law is necessary to place the topic in context. Where appropriate each chapter will highlight relevant case law and statutes, which may include links to other Wikimedia and external resources.
* Part 1: Basic topics
* Introduction  (2017-04-17)
* Corporate Veil  (2017-04-17)
* Pre-Incorporation Contracts  (2017-04-17)
* Constitution  (2017-04-17)
* Names  (2017-04-17)
* Part 2: Advanced topics
* Directors Duties  (2017-04-17)
* Disqualification  (2017-04-17)
* Minority Shareholders  (2017-04-17)
* Corporate Finance  (2017-04-17)
* Insolvency  (2017-04-17)
* Part 3: Appendices
* Bibliography  (2017-04-17)
* Glossary  (2017-04-17)
* Style Guide and Authors  (2017-04-17)
* This book is dual licensed under the GFDL and Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
# UK Company Law/Introduction

* Company law is the branch of UK law that focusses on businesses known as limited companies, although there are other forms of business. It is usually taught as an optional subject at the second or third year level of law degrees, and is often seen as a vital part of the pathway towards becoming a commercial lawyer. This book is designed to provide a general overview of company law and is organised into "bite-size" chapters to make it easier to learn.
* UK company law is based almost entirely on statutes, of which the most important is the Companies Act 2006, one of the longest and most comprehensive Acts of the UK Parliament, with more than 1300 sections and 16 Schedules. Notably, unlike much of the rest of UK law which applies only to part of the country, this Act applies to the whole of the United Kingdom. The sources of the Act include European Union Law and common law decisions, which have been fully incorporated into the Act. However, for the purposes of this book, reference will be made to relevant cases to illustrate ideas.
* Notes
* ↑ "Companies Act 2006".
# UFO and Space: 1999
## Contents

* UFO
* Space: 1999
* Spacecraft
# Transportation Systems Simulation - A Tutorial for Multi-Modal Simulation Using VISSIM/Pedestrian: Simulation

You have now entered all of the information in VISSIM necessary to run the simulation. You can set your simulation preferences by going to Simulation -> Parameters… Once all of your settings are to your liking, click the Play button to start the simulation. After a moment of loading the simulations will generate vehicles and your traffic signal should cycle through each phase as programmed.
-- INSERT FIGURE --
Back to Main Page
# Transportation Systems Simulation - A Tutorial for Multi-Modal Simulation Using VISSIM/Pedestrian: Traffic Data Input

To make the model a complete simulation the volume, types, and routes of pedestrians need to be defined over the physical model area. This simulation has a single origin and destination that represent the pedestrians generated from the southwest parking lot. The 5-minute interval volumes coming from this parking lot can be found on the ped tab in the shoppesdata.xlsx file. Surveys and traffic studies determined that most shoppers generated from this area go to one large store, one small store, and one medium store, then return to the parking area or continue shopping. Three procedures must be done to accomplish this; Define Pedestrian Compositions, Define Pedestrian Inputs, and Define Pedestrian Routes.

## Define Pedestrian Compositions

* The file shoppesdata.xlsx contains the pedestrian compositions found for this site.
* Go to Traffic > Pedestrian Compositions to show the list.
* Then Right Click in the list and Click add (see Figure below).
* Name the new pedestrian composition “Shoppes”.
* Make sure Pedestrian Composition Relative Flows is selected in the dropdown menu to show the second list.
* Right Click to add the four different pedestrian types with attributes as given in shoppesdata.xlsx in the tab pedcomp.

## Define Pedestrian Inputs

* Click on Pedestrian Inputs network object (see Figure below).
* Then Right Click on the pedestrian area to add the input to the area. The list will appear below.
* Choose Pedestrian volumes by time interval to be the second list.
* Right Click in the second list window and click Add. Add 24 time intervals each 300 seconds until 7200 seconds.
** A quick way is to Right Click, then press A, and repeat swiftly 24 times.
* Copy and paste the time interval volumes from the ped tab in the file shoppesdata.xlsx.

## Define Pedestrian Routes

* Click on pedestrian routes (see Figure below)
* Then Right Click in the area the route starts and Click in the ending area.
* To add additional destinations for the same origin, continue clicking in destination areas.
** Automatically the relative flows will be 1.0, meaning that the routes are split evenly between each area.
* For the final route, from the large store to parking or small stores, the even split needs to be revised as shown in the figure below to have 70 people go to parking and four people who go to each small store.
** When the pedestrian is initially assigned a route, when it reaches its destination it will recalculate its route based on the new origin and routing decision of the new area.
* Repeat this process for all the routes shown below.
Back to Main Page
# Transportation Systems Simulation - A Tutorial for Multi-Modal Simulation Using VISSIM/References
## References

* PTV Vissim 7 User Manual
* Helbing, Molnar (1995). “Social force model for pedestrian dynamics”. Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
* Wiedemann, R. : Simulation des Verkehrsflusses. Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Verkehrswesen, Heft 8, Universität (TH) Karlsruhe (seit 2009 KIT – Karlsruher Institut für Technologie), 1974 (Traffic flow simulation)
# Transportation Systems Simulation - A Tutorial for Multi-Modal Simulation Using VISSIM/Pedestrian: Simulation Evaluation

Now that the simulation model is ready to be run and viewed, the results can be evaluated. Evaluation will help the user understand the model in order to calibrate the model. Pedestrian travel times are taken from the parking lot origin until the pedestrian returns after shopping. The results are output into a text file that can be converted to an Excel file for analysis.

## Place Pedestrian Travel Times

To evaluate the pedestrian travel times, origin and destination travel time measurements need to be placed. For this model, place one at the pedestrian input area and the adjacent final destination area (end of large store to parking route) as shown in the figure below.
* Click on Pedestrian Travel Times to highlight the network object.
* Then CTRL + Right Click on the start area and Click on the end area.
* Type “fulltrip” in the Name column as shown below:

## Create Data Collection Output File

The pedestrian travel time placements define where data should be collected but one more crucial step needs to take place before data collection can occur. This is to define data collection during the simulation and output directory. To define data collection outputs use the following procedure:
* Go to Evaluation > Configuration and Check On the Pedestrian travel times box in the Result Attributes tab (see Figures below).
* Set the To time and Interval to “7200” and “300” respectively.
* Then in the Direct Output tab, Check On the pedestrian travel times (raw data) box.
* Set the To time for each to “7200”.
* Choose an output directory that will be remembered.

## Run Simulation

* Go to Simulation > Parameters and verify the period is 7200 seconds.
* Next press the play button to begin (see Figure below), and wait for a few minutes while the simulation runs.
* As the simulation runs, an .rsrp will be created in the output folder specified in configuration and will be ready when the simulation is over.
* To create a few data files, run the simulation a few times with a different random seed. This will allow for a greater diversity of random data.

## Import Results into Excel

To view the results in the familiar Excel format, the .rsrp file can be imported into Excel.
* Open a new Excel spreadsheet,
* Click Data > From Text (see Figure below). A window will open prompting to choose a file.
* Go to the folder where you saved the output directory and choose All Files as the file type.
* Choose the output .rsrp file. This will open the text import wizard.
* In the text import wizard Check On Delimited and Click Next.
* Then Check On Semicolon and Click Next.
* In the next step Click Finish.
* Choose cell A1 to place the data.
The data for each pedestrian will be shown as follows:
This data can be compared to the expected or field collected data. Calibration would involve changing pedestrian speed distributions, routes, or compositions to get the required output data desired to represent the actual conditions.
Back to Main Page
# Transportation Systems Simulation - A Tutorial for Multi-Modal Simulation Using VISSIM/Parking: Routes

Parking routes supplement the vehicle routes. Vehicle routes guide vehicles at junctions and decision points while parking routes are usually sub routes that grab vehicles from the main route and force them into a parking lot. Percentages and relative flows can be defined for parking routes just like regular vehicle routes.

## Add Parking Vehicle Routes

* Click on the network object Vehicle Routes and choose “parking” from the drop down menu.
* Then CTRL+Right Click to start the parking route After the beginning of the main route than splits the traffic at the next intersection and Before the first parking spot.
* End the route in each parking spot by Clicking on each Parking Lot network object in each parking spot (see Figure below).
* Do this in twice, once in the EB direction and once in the WB direction.
* There should be two parking routing decisions in each direction. There will be 23 parking routes for the WB direction and 21 parking routes for one eastbound direction. The number of parking routes corresponds to the number of parking lot (or parking spaces).
* Run the simulation and observe the parking behavior in order to calibrate the model.
Back to Main Page
# Transportation Systems Simulation - A Tutorial for Multi-Modal Simulation Using VISSIM/Pedestrian: Network Objects

Vissim performs pedestrian simulation based on the Wiedemann Model (Wiedemann 2009 and 1974). If the PTV software Viswalk is added on as a module, pedestrians can be simulated using the Helbing Model (Social Force) (Helbing and Molnar, 1995) or Weidemann Model. Please see the user’s manual or references section for information and publications on these pedestrian models. PTV Viswalk can also be used as a stand-alone software to simulate pedestrians without vehicles. This section focuses on the Wiedemann Model only, using Vissim 7.0 as stand-alone without the Viswalk Add-on.
Vissim uses network objects to define geometry, attributes, data input to allow the model to meet the users end need. The Network Objects section introduces the pedestrian Network Objects. The Pedestrian Simulation section discusses how to place pedestrian network objects, input data, set up simulation parameters, and evaluate the model in order to create a quality model.

## Pedestrian Network Objects

The pedestrian simulation network objects in Vissim are as follows:
* Areas (Polygon or Rectangle)
* Obstacles
* Ramps and Stairs
* Pedestrian Inputs
* Pedestrian Routes
* Pedestrian Travel Times
Other Network objects that are important to pedestrian modeling are:
* Pedestrians in Network
* Links
* Priority Rules
* Signal Heads
* Detectors
* Section
* Background
* 3D Traffic Signals
* Static 3D Models
The tools for creating these objects can be found in the Network Objects Toolbar shown in the figure below. If desired, to view Pedestrian Object Types Only:
* Right Click anywhere in the Network Objects Toolbar and select Pedestrian Object Types Only.
* To go back to the previous view and display all the Network object types in the toolbar, simply reverse the process and select “All Object Types”.
Back to Main Page
# Sikhism/Sri Dasam Granth Sahib Ji
## ਦਸਮ ਗਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ

DASAM GRANTH SAHIB

### ਮੁਖ ਭਾਗ 1

CHAPTER 1

### ਜਾਪੁ ਸਾਹਿਬ

JAPU SAHIB
ੴ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ॥
The Lord is One and He can be attained through the grace of the true Guru.
ਸ੍ਰੀ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਜੀ ਕੀ ਫ਼ਤਹ ॥
The Lord is One and the victory is of the Lord.
ਜਾਪੁ ॥
NAME OF THE BANI.
ਸ੍ਰੀ ਮੁਖਵਾਕ ਪਾਤਿਸਾਹੀ ੧੦ ॥
The sacred utterance of The Tenth Sovereign:
ਛਪੈ ਛੰਦ ॥ ਤ੍ਵਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ॥
CHHAPAI STANZA. BY THY GRACE
ਚੱਕ੍ਰ ਚਿਹਨ ਅਰੁ ਬਰਨ ਜਾਤਿ ਅਰੁ ਪਾਤਿ ਨਹਿਨ ਜਿਹ ॥
He who is without mark or sign, He who is without caste or line.
ਰੂਪ ਰੰਗ ਅਰੁ ਰੇਖ ਭੇਖ ਕੋਊ ਕਹਿ ਨ ਸਕਤਿ ਕਿਹ ॥
He who is without colour or form, and without any distinctive norm.
ਅਚਲ ਮੂਰਤਿ ਅਨਭਉ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ ਅਮਿਤੋਜਿ ਕਹਿਜੈ ॥
He who is without limit and motion, All effulgence, non-descript Ocean.
ਕੋਟਿ ਇੰਦ੍ਰ ਇੰਦ੍ਰਾਣਿ ਸਾਹੁ ਸਾਹਾਣਿ ਗਣਿਜੈ ॥
The Lord of millions of Indras and kings, the Master of all worlds and beings.
ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਣ ਮਹੀਪ ਸੁਰ ਨਰ ਅਸੁਰ ਨੇਤਿ ਨੇਤਿ ਬਨ ਤ੍ਰਿਣ ਕਹਤ ॥
Each twig of the foliage proclaims: "Not this Thou art.