OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of video games/Platforms/Ultravision Video Arcade System
## History

Ultravision, Inc. of Miami, Florida began advertising the system with a teaser in an issue of Electronic Gaming in November 1983.
The system was formally announced at CES 1983 as the Ultravision Video Arcade System (VAS) was a hybrid video game console with a color television built in and home computer functionality slated for a summer 1983 release. The price of the system was to be $999.
Financial issues caused the system to be shuttered shortly afterwards in summer of 1983.

## Technology

A major design goal of the system was to make personal computing more approachable, rather then simply being a single purpose game console.
The VAS was to ship with 64 kilobytes of RAM, which could be doubled to 128 kilobytes with an expansion. Add ons were planned to allow for compatibility with existing Atari 2600 and Colecovision games.
The built in 10" color television supported 84 channels.

## Games

A picture promoting 12 games for the system was released.
* Air-Sea Attack
* B-52 Bomber
* Baseball Best
* Condor Attack
* Dare Driver
* Emergency!
* Karate
* Quest for the Idol
* Space War
* Spider Kong
* Swimming Met
* Unexpected Dangers

## External Resources

* Video Game Console Library - Features history, as well as photos and marketing material.

## References

* ↑ "Ultravision: The Ultimate in Vaporware!". Gaming After 40. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Ultravision Video Arcade System Atari Gaming Headquarters". Retrieved 17 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Ultravision". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
* ↑ "CANCELLED Game Consoles! - LOST History Of The ULTRAVISION VIDEO ARCADE SYSTEM - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/TurboGrafx 16 mini
## History

The PC Engine Mini saw a Japanese release on the 19th of March, 2020.
The initial release date of the console in North America had also been the 19th of March, 2020. However, due to manufacturing and logistics delays caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the TurboGrafx-16 Mini was released in North America on the 22nd of May 2020 for $99.99 USD.
A CoreGrafx mini was planned for the European market.

## Technology

The system uses the Zuiki Z7213.
The system was noted to be large compared to other retro revival "mini" consoles of the era.

## References

* 1 2 3 Lyles, Taylor (15 May 2020). "Konami’s TurboGrafx-16 Mini will launch in North America on May 22nd" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/15/21260270/turbografx-16-north-america-release-date-konami-minature-console.
* 1 2 3 "Konami's delayed TurboGrafx-16 mini arrives in the US May 22nd". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/konami-turbografx-16-mini-may-22-release-date-194516277.html.
* ↑ "The Mini Console Revolution, And Why Hackers Passed Them By". Hackaday. 27 August 2020. https://hackaday.com/2020/08/27/the-mini-console-revolution-and-why-hackers-passed-them-by/.
* ↑ Webster, Andrew (15 April 2020). "The TurboGrafx-16 Mini is a great plug-and-play console that doubles as a history lesson" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/15/21221906/turbografx-16-mini-review-classics-games-consoles-price.
# History of video games/Platforms/Tovertafel 2
## History

The Tovertafel 2 is the successor to the original Tovertafel console.
The Tovertafel 2 launched around 2021.

## References

* ↑ Lewis, Sam (January 21, 2021). "Tovertafel 2 offers ‘evidence-based play therapy’ for people with learning difficulties or dementia". Access And Mobility Professional. https://www.accessandmobilityprofessional.com/tovertafel-2-offers-evidence-based-play-therapy-for-people-with-learning-difficulties-or-dementia/.
# History of video games/Platforms/Tomytronic 3D
## History

The Tomytronic 3D was released in 1983. The handheld console used binocular style housing and was one of the first gaming systems to create a stereoscopic effect.

## Technology

The Tomytronic 3D used external light through a window to light up the twin LCD displays used by the console.
The system was made in Japan.

## Game library

The handheld was a dedicated console, containing one of the following games depending on the model.
* Planet Zeon
* Skyfighters
* Thundering Turbo
* Shark Attack
* Jungle Fighter
* Sky Attack
* Sherman Attack

## Gallery

* A Thundering Turbo Tomytronic 3D.
* Alternate view.

## External Resources

* Handheld Museum - Page covering the Tomytronic 3D.

## References

* 1 2 "Tomy's 3D Games". www.handheldmuseum.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ "The top ten retro gaming secrets Analysis Features PC Pro". web.archive.org. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ "Eight Attempts To Take Gaming Into the Third Dimension". The Escapist. 30 September 2015. https://www.escapistmagazine.com/eight-attempts-to-take-gaming-into-the-third-dimension/.
* ↑ "Retromash Tomytronic 3D". retromash.com. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
* ↑ "Electric Dreams, Tomytronic’s 3D Sky Attack". RetroCastaway. 16 September 2016. http://www.retrocastaway.com/retro-gaming/electric-dreams-tomytronics-3d-sky-attack/.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Tomytronic 3D". Wikipedia. 14 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/Tovertafel
## History
### Launch

The Tovertafel was primarily used in healthcare settings.
The price of the system was not publicly published, though a 24 month subscription was noted.
The console was used during the COVID-19 pandemic to help engage nursing home residents in a time of isolation.

### Legacy

The Tovertafel is succeeded by the Tovertafel 2.

## Games

The system had access to a number of games. 29 games were released by August 19th, 2021.

## External Resources

* Official Website

## References

* ↑ Aaron, Jordan (22 April 2021). "This interactive light display uses games to help people with dementia — Future Blink" (in en). Mashable. https://mashable.com/video/tovertafel-interactive-light-display.
* 1 2 "The Cost of a Tovertafel". Tover. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
* ↑ "Tovertafel at Martin Luther Homes". Martin Luther Homes. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
* ↑ "Tovertafel Creates Joy, Fights Apathy in Dementia" (in en). generations.asaging.org. https://generations.asaging.org/tovertafel-creates-joy-fights-apathy-dementia.
# History of video games/Platforms/LaserActive
## History

The Pioneer LaserActive was a LaserDisk based multimedia entertainment device with game console capabilities that was released on August 20th, 1993 at a cost of $970. Unlike most multimedia platforms at the time, the LaserActive primarily played games released for other systems through PAC expansion modules, which contained a LaserActive compatible version of that console.
The Sega PAC add on was released in 1993 for $600 and allowed the LaserActive to play Genesis games.
Another PAC was released to play NEC CD-ROM2 games. However it was not compatible with the Arcade Card Pro.

## Technology

Not much information is known about the technology used by the Pioneer LaserActive itself, with most accounts focusing on the capabilities of individual PACs, which are themselves very close in capabilities to the systems they are based on.

## Games

31 games were released for the LaserActive. Games for the LaserActive are not region locked.

## Gallery

* The Pioneer LaserActive featured a design that put it at home in a home theater.
* A Sega Genesis module is installed on the bottom left.
* This unit was made in Japan in September 1993.
* The unit is held together with Phillips screws.
* A Japanese LaserActive with accessories including Sega and NEC pacs.

## External Resources

* Nicole Express - Article describing the LaserActive in detail.
* Video Game Console Library - LaserActive page with in depth information.

## References

* 1 2 3 "Pioneer LaserActive". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
* ↑ "The Weird And Wonderful World Of The Sega Genesis" (in en-us). Kotaku. https://kotaku.com/the-weird-and-wonderful-world-of-the-sega-genesis-5795188. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
* ↑ "Why did we need an Arcade Card?". nicole.express. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
* ↑ "LaserActive, Gaming's Greatest Boondoggle". Wired. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/Leisure Vision
## History

The Leisure Vision is a licensed Canadian version of the Arcadia 2001 that was launched in 1982 and discontinued in 1984. While the system is considered a landmark release in Canadian consoles, little more is known about it.

## Technology

The Leisure Vision uses a Signetics 2650A clocked at 3.58 megahertz, with a Signetics 2637 co processor.
The Leisure Vision has 1 kilobyte of RAM.

## Game library

The Leisure Vision is said to have a somewhat larger library than the standard Arcadia 2001 compatible systems.

## References

* 1 2 3 "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
* ↑ "Leisure Vision - Ultimate Console Database at ultimateconsoledatabase.com". ultimateconsoledatabase.com. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
* 1 2 3 "Leisure Vision – Montreal Video Game Museum". Retrieved 31 October 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/Lenovo Legion Go
## History

In the summer of 2023, rumors about a potential Steam Deck competitor from Lenovo began to surface, attracting media attention.
On Friday September 1st, 2023, the console was announced officially.

## Technology
### Hardware

The system features a battery with a capacity of 49.2 watt hours.
Including controllers, the system weighs 854 grams (30.1 oz).

### Add Ons

The system was designed to be used with optional "Legion Glasses".

## References

* ↑ Polanco, Tony (19 August 2023). "Lenovo Legion Go vs Steam Deck: Which gaming handheld could win?" (in en). Tom's Guide. https://www.tomsguide.com/face-off/lenovo-legion-go-vs-steam-deck-which-gaming-handheld-could-win.
* 1 2 Bixenspan, David (1 September 2023). "Lenovo Legion Go Officially Revealed As Latest Steam Deck Competitor". SlashGear. https://www.slashgear.com/1382331/lenovo-legion-go-revealed-price-specs/.
* ↑ "Lenovo's upcoming Steam Deck competitor will feature 16GB RAM and cost $799 - MSPoweruser". mspoweruser.com. 28 August 2023. https://mspoweruser.com/lenovos-legion-go-steam-deck-competitor-price/.
* ↑ Crider, Michael (September 1, 2023). "Hands-on: Lenovo's Steam Deck rival has Switch controllers and a gaming mouse" (in en). PCWorld. https://www.pcworld.com/article/2045815/lenovos-take-on-the-steam-deck-has-switch-controllers-that-are-also-a-gaming-mouse.html.
# History of video games/Platforms/LaVie Mini
## History

The device was described a collaborative effort from Lenovo and it's NEC brand subsidiary.

## References

* ↑ Clark, Mitchell (7 January 2021). "Lenovo chases dream of making a PC Nintendo Switch with the LaVie Mini concept". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2021/1/7/22218956/lenovo-nec-switch-pc-lavie-mini-ces-concept.
* ↑ Velazco, Chris (Jan 7, 2021). "The Lavie Mini is a modern netbook that doubles as a game console". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/lenovo-nec-lavie-mini-modern-netbook-game-console-hybrid-concept-140010079.html.
# History of video games/Platforms/LeapTV
## History

The LeapTV was released in 2014 at a cost of $150.
By November 2020 the LeapTV had been listed as discontinued on some websites, however the system was still available on the LeapFrog website.

## Technology
### Compute

The LeapTV uses a nxp4330q ARM7-A architecture quad core processor clocked at one gigahertz.
The console has one gigabyte of DDR3 RAM.

### Hardware

The console has 16 gigabytes of flash memory storage.
The LeapTV outputs 720p video over HDMI.
For networking, the LeapTV includes Wi-Fi b/g/n, Bluetooth 2.1 with the controller supporting Bluetooth LE, as well as an ethernet port.
The LeapTV includes a USB camera with a resolution of 640 by 480 that captures video at 30 frames per second for motion sensing games.
The controller can be adjusted to different form factors, and includes an accelerometer.

## Notable games

Games are available on cartridges or through digital downloads.

## References

* ↑ "Contact Us". LeapFrog. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "LeapFrog jumps into game consoles for kids with educational LeapTV". VentureBeat. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* ↑ "LeapFrog LeapTV Educational Gaming System(Discontinued by manufacturer) - Newegg.com". www.newegg.com. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
* ↑ "LeapTV™ Educational Gaming System". LeapFrog. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
* 1 2 Martin, Jim. "Leapfrog LeapTV review". Tech Advisor. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* 1 2 "Hacking The Leapfrog TV To Play Doom". Hackaday. 25 December 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 "LeapTV™ Educational Gaming System". LeapFrog. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 Sawh, Michael. "LeapTV Review". Trusted Reviews. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/Leapster
## History

The Leapster was released on October 7, 2003.

## Games

There are more than 40 games for the Leapster.
# History of video games/Platforms/Leapster Explorer
## History

The Leapster Explorer was revealed in June 2010 and launched on July 15, 2010 at a price of $70.
The LeapsterGS was released in 2012 at a cost of $70 with a slimmer design, microphone, improved processor, motion sensor, 2 gigabytes of RAM, and a video camera.

## Technology

The Leapster Explorer GS uses an ARM9 architecture processor clocked at 550 megahertz. The system has 128 megabytes of RAM and 2 gigabytes of flash storage.
The Leapster Explorer has a touch screen.
The Leapster Explorer is powered by four AA batteries and can also operate from an AC adapter.

## References

* 1 2 3 Buckleitner, Warren. "GADGETWISE; A New Leapster to Battle Summer Boredom". query.nytimes.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
* ↑ Schmidt, Gregory (5 September 2012). "In Latest Update, Leapster Adds More Power". Gadgetwise Blog. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
* ↑ "LeapPad2 and LeapsterGS Are Great Pieces of Kid-Friendly Tech". Wired. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
* 1 2 "Linux On A Leapster For Classic Video Game Emulation". Hackaday. 8 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/Lenovo IdeaCentre 5 17IAB7
## History

The console was announced on Feburary 4th, 2022.

## Technology

The console used a PC architecture.

## References

* ↑ "Lenovo unveils new IdeaCentre Gaming console". TechGenyz. 4 February 2022. https://www.techgenyz.com/2022/02/04/lenovo-unveils-ideacentre-gaming-console/.
* ↑ Ikoba, Jed John (4 February 2022). "Lenovo unveils the IdeaCentre Gaming Console with 12th-gen Core i5/i7 SoC". Gizmochina. https://www.gizmochina.com/2022/02/04/lenovo-ideacentre-gaming-console-12th-gen-core-i5-i7-soc/.
* ↑ "When normal consoles are not available, substitutes appear. Lenovo IdeaCentre Gaming Console based on Core i7-12700". Gadget Tendency. 5 February 2022. https://gadgettendency.com/when-normal-consoles-are-not-available-substitutes-appear-lenovo-ideacentre-gaming-console-based-on-core-i7-12700/.
# History of video games/Platforms/LaserCube
## History

The LaserCube is a multifunction laser projector which was released around 2019 for about $499. Among the primary functions of the device was gaming using true vector graphics, and as a result a number of arcade style games were released for the system. The commercial LaserCube coincided with a small subsection of the DIY movement which focused on making laser based game hardware due to its unique properties.
At some point before January 2021 the 1 watt version of the LaserCube was discontinued due to a lack of demand, leaving only the higher power 2 watt version left.

## Technology

Because the LaserCube is a general purpose device which includes gaming as a function, the designers of the LaserCube made a number of technical decisions which are extremely unusual for a console, but reasonable for a general purpose device.

### Vector graphics

The LaserCube is distinct in being one of the few consoles to use a vector display exclusively. A class 4 pure laser diode is used to draw RGB graphics. Depending on the model a 1 watt or a 2 watt laser is used to draw graphics. The manufacturer suggests this laser is expected to last between 10,000 to 20,000 hours of use.

### Software

The LaserCube runs games in a standard software environment called LaserOS, which is executed on an external Windows PC, Mac, or Android device. An API is used to extend the LaserCube.

### Hardware

A fan is used to cool the 2 watt model, as the LaserCube automatically shuts off when temperatures reach or exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.
The American version of the LaserCube, of which only a 2 watt version was ever sold, has several utility functions disabled to comply with safety regulations, leaving entertainment as it's only real purpose.

## External Resources

* PC Mag - Review including pictures.
* Rerez YouTube Video - Video review focusing on gaming functionality.
* LinusTechTips YouTube Video - Video briefly demonstrating a LaserCube as part of a larger project.

## References

* 1 2 3 4 5 "FAQs". LaserCube - World's Smallest Laser Show Projector. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "LaserCube Setup and Operation Guide Wicked Lasers". Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* 1 2 3 "Wicked Lasers LaserCube Review" (in en). PCMAG. https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/wicked-lasers-lasercube.
* ↑ "Laser Galvos And An ESP32 Recreate Old-School Asteroids". Hackaday. 18 February 2021. https://hackaday.com/2021/02/18/laser-galvos-and-an-esp32-recreate-old-school-asteroids/.
* ↑ "Light Replaces Electrons For Giant Vector-Graphics Asteroids Game". Hackaday. 9 March 2017. https://hackaday.com/2017/03/08/light-replaces-electrons-for-giant-vector-graphics-asteroids-game/.
* ↑ "LaserCube Dangerous Gaming! - Rerez". Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* 1 2 3 4 "LaserCube FAQ". X-Laser. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "API". LaserCube - World's Smallest Laser Show Projector. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
# Horticulture/Lindera benzoin

Spicebush :
| Binomial: | Lindera benzoin |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
Lindera benzoin (Common Spicebush, Northern Spicebush or Benjamin Bush) is a flowering plant in the family Lauraceae, native to eastern North America, ranging from Maine to Ontario in the north, and to Kansas, Texas and northern Florida in the south.

## Description

It is a medium-sized deciduous shrub growing to 5 m tall, typically found only in the understory of moist thickets. The leaves are alternate, simple, 6–15 cm long and 2–6 cm broad, oval or obovate and broadest beyond the middle of the leaf. They are very aromatic when crushed, hence the common names and the specific epithet "benzoin". The flowers grow in showy yellow clusters that appear in early spring, before the leaves begin to grow. The fruit is a berrylike red drupe about 1 cm long and is highly prized by birds. It has a peppery taste and scent, and contains a large seed.

## Growing Conditions

Requires moderate to moist, humous-rich soils.

## Uses

Used for naturalizing a landscape. Lindera benzoin provides a food source for larval Spicebush Swallowtail Butterflies, and for various species of bird.
# Horticulture/Lindera

Lindera :
| Genus: | Lindera |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Pollination: | insects |
Lindera is a genus of about 80-100 species of flowering plants in the family Lauraceae, mostly native to eastern Asia but with three species in eastern North America. The species are shrubs and small trees; common names include Spicebush and Benjamin Bush.
One of the world's rarest bee species, the andrenid bee Andrena lauracea is apparently a specialist on Lindera (see Lindera benzoin).

## Description

The leaves can be either deciduous or evergreen depending on species, and are alternate, entire or three-lobed, and strongly spicy-aromatic. The flowers are small, yellowish, with six petaloid sepals and no petals. The fruit is a small red, purple or black drupe containing a single seed.

## Growing conditions

Prefers rich, well-drained soils, but adapts well to poor soils. Part sun to dense shade.

## Pests and diseases

Lindera species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including The Engrailed.
# Horticulture/Liriomyza trifolii

American Serpentine Leafminer :
| Type: | Insect |
| Binomial: | Liriomyza trifolii |
| Family: | Agromyzidae |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Metamorphosis: | Complete |
| Damaging stages: | Larvae |
Liriomyza trifolii is a Pest of greenhouses and warm climates, though it may seasonally escape in cooler climates. It is a Leaf Miner of many cultivated and weedy species.

## Description

A small yellow fly as an adult, a leaf-mining maggot as a larva.

## Symptoms and Signs

Mining of leaves, eventually causing leaf drop.

## Ecology

This insect has been spreading throughout the world over the past decades, believed to be transported on florist's materials.

## Host plants

* Allium (Onion)
* Apium (Celery)
* Aster
* Bellis
* Benincasa (Wax Gourd)
* Beta
* Brassica
* Bidens
* Capsicum (Pepper)
* Chrysanthemum
* Citrullus
* Cucumis
* Cucurbita
* Dahlia
* Daucus
* Dendranthema
* Eupatorium
* Erechtites (Pilewort)
* Gerbera
* Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)
* Helianthus
* Lactuca (Lettuce)
* Lagenaria (Hyotan)
* Lycopersicon
* Petunia
* Phaseolus (Bean)
* Pisum
* Solanum
* Spinacia (Spinach)
* Tagetes
* Zinnia

## Control

* Cultural controls: Control weed hosts
* Physical removal: Rogue out infested plants, dispose of infested materials quickly
* Pesticides: Cyromazine, Abamectin
* Predators and parasites: Parasitic Wasps and Ants

## References

* University of Florida
* Hawaii Extension Service
* North Carolina State University
# Horticulture/Liriope

Liriope :
| Genus: | Liriope |
| Family: | Ruscaceae |
| Type: | Grass-like perennials |
| Weediness: | Some species spread aggressively. |
| Pollination: | Insect |
Liriope is a genus of low, grass-like, flowering plants from East Asia. Some species are often used in landscaping in temperate latitudes. They often called lilyturf in North America, though they are often simply referred to as "Liriopes". Once classified with lilies in the family Liliaceae, genetic studies have caused the genus to be included in Ruscaceae.

## Description

Liriopes are grass-like, rhizomatous perennials with broad, strap-like leaves. Flowers are borne on thin scapes, generally at about the same height as the foliage.

## Growing conditions

Full sun to medium shade. Drought tolerant.

## Uses

Liriope are usually used in the garden for their evergreen foliage.
Some species, e.g., L. spicata, grow aggressively in the right conditions, spreading by runners; hence their nickname, "creeping lilyturf".
Liriope spicata is used as a substitute for Ophiopogon japonicus in Chinese medicine as an herb for yin deficiency.

## Pests and diseases

Crown Rot
* Phytophthora palmivora

## References

* University of Florida
* ↑ Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica Third Edition by Daniel Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger and Andrew Gamble. Eastland Press, 2004