OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sinhala/2.3

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| ක | ඛ | ග | ඝ | ඞ | ඟ | ච | ඡ | ජ | ඣ | ඤ | ඦ | ට | ඨ | ඩ | ඪ | ණ | ඬ | ත | ථ | ද |
| ka | kha | ga | gha | nha | | ca | cha | ja | jha | | | ṭa | ṭha | ḍa | ḍha | | | | | |
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 |
| ධ | න | ඳ | ප | ඵ | බ | භ | ම | ඹ | ය | ර | ල | ව | ශ | ෂ | ස | හ | ළ | ෆ | අං | අඃ |
| dha | na | | pa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ghra | | |
| Notes about Consonants |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consonants can be divided in to following categories. Gutturals: ක (ka), ඛ (kha), ග (ga), ඝ (gha), ඞ (ṅa) Palatals: ච (ca), ඡ (cha), ජ (ja), ඣ (jha), ඤ (ña) Cerebrals: ට (ṭa), ඨ (ṭha), ඩ (ḍa), ඪ (ḍha), ණ (ṇa) Dentals: ත (ta), ථ, ද (da), ධ (dha), න (na) Labials: ප (pa), ඵ (pha), බ (ba), භ (bha), ම (ma) Semi-vowels: ය (ya), ර (ra), ල (la), ව (va) Sibilants and aspirate: ශ (śa), ෂ (ṣa), ස (sa), හ (ha), ෆ (fa) |||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes about Pink coloured letters |||||||||||||||||||||
| These letters are very rarely used in the language. |||||||||||||||||||||

## ක

ක is pronounced like cu in 'cut'.

### Sounds that can be made with ක

* කා - sounds like ca in 'cart'.
* කැ - sounds like ca in 'cat'.
* කෑ - takes the sound of කැ held long.
* කි - sounds like ki in 'kill'.
* කී - sounds like kee in 'keep'.
* කු - sounds like coo in 'cook'.
* කෙ - sounds like Ke in 'Kevin'.
* කේ - takes the sound of කෙ held long
* කො - sounds like co in 'convent.
* කෝ - sounds like co in 'cold.
* කෘ - sounds like cru in 'cruel.
* කෞ - sounds like the word cow

## Exercise

Try to read following words.

## ග

ග is pronounced like ge in trigger.

### Sounds that can be made with ග

    ගා - sounds like ga in garlic.
    ගැ - sounds like ga in gamble.
    ගෑ - takes the sound of ගැ held long.
    ගි - sounds like gi in giggle.
    ගී - sounds like gee in geek.
    ගු - sounds like gu in guava.
    ගූ - sounds like goo in goose.
    ගෙ - sounds like ge in get.
    ගේ - takes the sound of ගෙ held long.
    ගො - sounds like go in got.
    ගෝ - sounds like gou in gourmand.
    ගෘ - sounds like gru in gruel.
    ගෞ - sounds like gov in govern.

## ච

ච is pronounced like chu in churh.

### Sounds that can be made with ච

    චා - sounds like cha in Charlse.
    චැ - sounds like cha in chat.
    චෑ - takes the sound of චැ held long.
    චි - sounds like chi in chin.
    චී - sounds like chea in cheat.
    චු - sounds like... cu
    චූ - sounds like choo in choose.
    චෙ - sounds like che in cherry.
    චේ - sounds like cha in chary.
    චො - sounds like cho in chop.
    චෝ - sounds like the word chore.
    චෞ - sounds like the word chow.

## ඩ

ඩ is pronounced like du in duck.

### Sounds that can be made with ඩ

    ඩා - sounds like da in darling.
    ඩැ - sounds like da in Daniel.
    ඩෑ - sounds like da in dam.
    ඩි - sounds like de in dear.
    ඩී - sounds like dea in deal.
    ඩු - sounds like ḍu.
    ඩූ - sounds like doo in doodle.
    ඩෙ - sounds like de in devil.
    ඩේ - sounds like the word day.
    ඩො - sounds like do in doctor.
    ඩෝ - sounds like the word door
# The Computer Revolution/Hardware/Sound cards

This article will discuss what a sound card is; and what it enables people to do with computers. The sound card is the piece of hardware that plugs directly into the mother board. These days, with the more advanced systems, most sound cards are directly built into the mother board. The sound card is what the speakers and Microphones plug into on the back of the actual computer. They enable audio files to be transferred from the computer to the speakers as actual sound. Als0, they enable users to record sounds on the computer and save the. Before having these sounds cards, computers were only able to makes one sound; the beeping sound. The volume on this sound was not adjustable at all; but the frequency was.
Sound cards enable computers to produce high quality 3-D sound as well as surround sound. What is this useful for? You will find out in this paragraph. Having a computer that can play sounds can be useful in many different aspects; DVDs, Audio files like speeches, games, and many other things like alerts and so on. Because of the high quality sound cards, computers can now play DVD movies with very good quality with the help of a good video card as well. Also, games can seem so real these days because of the high quality sounds that are integrated into them. This can never be done without a sound card.
# The Computer Revolution/Hardware/Video Cards

Video Cards are specific pieces of hardware a computer system uses to display all images on the monitor. A video card is the apparatus that the monitor plugs into the mother board.
They do not require:
* their own power plug from the power source.
* require a separate card.
Video card range from:
* different qualities
* different memory size.
* The more megapixels the video card can display onto the monitor, the better the resolution; meaning it has a better image quality.
Video cards most often have built in memory; which determines how fast and smooth a video card can change and display images. Years ago,video cards were usually 8MBs; today, the most common video cards in PCs are approximately 256MBs. This has enabled higher quality images in games and DVDs. Without video cards the monitor cannot be attached to the computer and will not display images. As well, another fundamental trait of the video card is that it requires it's own driver in order to function to its fullest potential.

## Why are they important?

Video cards are important to everyday users, as well as businesses and large firms. Video cards enable the computer monitor to display more colors, clearer images, and better quality images. A video card converts the processor's output info into a signal that can be sent to the monitor. The uses of a video or graphics card are numerous, programs like CAD and other design software needs to be detailed and very precise. Another use is for dual monitors. Employees today are expected and/or required to work on multiple programs at the same time and complex spreadsheets and reports. Having dual monitors makes working on those tasks move along much more efficiently and therefore improves employee productivity. In order to do this, you need to have either multiple video cards or a video card that supports dual monitors. As well, a video gamer may want better resolution and better quality picture for the game they are playing. Video cards have evolved along with computers, from displaying black and white, to the multitude of colors available now.
# The Computer Revolution/Hardware/Servers

All the stuff we do on the Internet is run by a server. All the pages we download, gaming we do, surfing we do, emails we write, libraries we enter, all is done by a server. It is a very important asset to today’s computer world. How it works is pretty simple. When a individual requests a page, their computer requests a page from a server where that web address is located and the server sends the page requested. It is a language that computers talk. When we request a page, that web address is translated into IP address which uses it to connect to specific server. There is also many types of servers; application server, data server, web server, fax server etc. Each server is designed to perform its specific part in the computer world.
Potentially any computer can be a server; it just needs to have enough hard-drive space, and fast enough processor to handle the information flow within other computers in network. Most of computer manufacturers sell, and design computers that act as servers. Although for a personal computer, or if you are only using a few computers, and all of them are capable of storing the files, and accessing the programs they need on their own you may not need to buy an additional server for your network. However, large companies with hundreds of computers may need more than one server for the same function. It all comes down to the function the server is meant to fulfill. Also, keep in mind that, because of the great amount of information that servers carry, and distribute, they might be at serious security risks. Therefore, you should always install antivirus protection, and make sure that unauthorized personnel do not have an access to it.
Servers are the reason we have many things to find unique regarding computers. They allow Internet access, software changes, printers, and databases which gives a chance to show so many unrealistic ways of spreading information and knowledge to amateurs. Servers can be divided into different formations in which it completes a different task. Some of these are printer servers, database server, file server, and web servers. As we all know servers have different names to separate them from others because servers are so unique they can be used for anything if joined with a computer. Servers are often made in rack or blade form factors to allow greater computer density.

## References

* http://www.linfo.org/server.html
# The Computer Revolution/Hardware/Uninterruptible Power Supply

Uninterruptible Power Supply, or "UPS", is a power supply that contains a built in battery. A built in battery allows for a power supply to continue working even when the electricity is cut off. For example; if you were to charge your computer and the electricity went out, the back up power would kick in and continue to charge the computer. The length of the UPS power depends on the type and number of devices connected, the power capacity, and the age of the battery. Most UPS batteries only last 3–5 years before they need to be replaced. UPS are usually used for short periods of time to keep systems up during a power outage, etc… UPS can also prevent potentially damaging power surges to electronics. UPS are extremely important to hospitals and other establishments that have computers and devices that are crucial to many people.

## Refrences

* ↑ Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow 13th Edition
# The Computer Revolution/Hardware Protection

Computer hardware can be inherently fragile. Heat, water, and physical accidents are the biggest threats to a computer's physical safety. Computers should be properly cleaned on a regular basis to keep dust buildup to a minimum (this protects the unit from excessive heat). Care must also be taken when liquids are used around a computer. Finally, dropping a computer (or most electronic components) can be the kiss of death for the machine.
Besides being fragile, computers are also very valuable. Care must be taken to protect computers from theft. Various locks are available to protect a computer from theft. In addition, there are special tracking systems that can be used to find a computer if it is stolen or misplaced. And for the “nuclear” approach, there are self-destructing devices that become unusable if stolen!

## How to Prevent Your Computer From Crashing

There are ways to prevent your computer from crashing although this isn’t a guarantee. If your computer crashes it can affect your schedule for those that depend on it for daily activities may cause a loss of data, damage your system and data files and my leave your computer unbootable.
At times rebooting may help or solve the problem but if you haven’t backed up your computer you may be in trouble.
However, at times, computer crashes may occur due to user negligence that may result in virus infections, a damaged registry, or hard disk problems. You can easily prevent computer freeze problems due to this, by performing regular PC maintenance. Let us have look at some of the tasks that you can perform to prevent and recover from computer crashes.
There are a few steps that can be taken to protect your computers hardware. You should first install and use security software. Then you should back up your system regularly. Another step to protecting your hardware is to update your operating system, browser, and e-mail program regularly as well. Finally, test your system for vulnerabilities.
# Rhetoric and Composition/Genres

The word genre, borrowed from the French, means "type" or "form," is widely used in literature and film. It can describe different kinds of stories and films, such as science fiction, detective, romance and horror. It is also used to describe different literary forms, such as drama, the novel, the short story and the essay. In a composition class, you can expect to write in a variety of expository genres, such as the memoir, the review, and the descriptive essay.
# Rhetoric and Composition/Grammar
## What is Grammar?

Grammar is the study of how words and their component parts combine to form sentences. Grammar is the scientific study of language that includes morphology (also "accidence" or the forms that words take) and syntax (the relation of the words to other words). Grammar also involves the study of the different parts or elements of speech (for example nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.), the relations between those elements. A knowledge of grammar provides a vocabulary to discuss how the language works.
Need some help?
* St. Cloud State University has a great website that is very useful for writers called LEO: http://leo.stcloudstate.edu.
It is especially great because it is written based on college writing. It is quite in depth and is broken down into many categories so a writer can find what they need. Access is available for anyone, not limited to students of St. Cloud State University.
* A writer can use many different reference tools through St. Cloud State University's website. Among these references includes free access to the Oxford English Dictionary. Go to http://lrts.stcloudstate.edu.
Click the "Library" link then the "Online References Resources" drop down menu. Here, there will be a list of many useful resources. Some of these resources are limited to student only use.
# Rhetoric and Composition/Enumeration consistency
## What's wrong?

You've enumerated a list of items using markers such as "First," "Second," and so on, but they aren't consistent. Use first, second, third or firstly, secondly, thirdly; don't mix them.

## How to fix this problem

Use consistent enumerators
If two of the enumerators are separated by a lengthy passage, consider reminding the reader what's being enumerated, as in the following example:
# Rhetoric and Composition/Feature Requests
## Feature Requests

The following are requests for features that the book should have.

### Tone

I would like to see a treatment of tone, including the kind of tones that a piece of writing can have, possibly even with examples. --Dan Polansky (talk) 17:51, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

### Transition

The book mentions the need to keep an eyes on smooth transitions between paragraphs but has no dedicated paragraph on transitions, and as far as I remember close to no discussion of transitions. Examples would be helpful. --Dan Polansky (talk) 17:51, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

### References/links to other books

I have read other books on exposition and rhetoric of the English Language. Additional material may be helpful, maybe a page with links to other books on the subject? I would recommend reading "On Writing Well" by William Zinnser, for example as it's also quite accessible.
# Overview

Significant Figures are the significant number of digits used to take measurements or used in calculations. Most digits are actually significant. Zero is the only digit that is not significant. They are only used to position the decimal points.
There are three steps needed to satisfy significant figures.
1. The measured quantity must have a decimal point
2. Start left, then move right to the first nonzero digit
3. That digit must be counted and every digit to its right is considered significant

# Complication

Zeros that end a number & lie either before or after the decimal points are considered significant.

# Examples of Significant Figures

4 significant figures
5.080 kM
9820. kM
5.080 x 10^3 M
3 significant figures
3.00 x 10^2 mL
900. mL
0.300 L
2 significant figures
9800 mL
5.90 x 10^3 L
1 significant figure
500 mL
4 L

# Significant Figures in Calculations

Many times there are too many significant figures, so we round off the answer to get the proper number of them.
The least measurement usually sets the limit for the entire calculation which determines the number of significant figures in the final answer.

# Significant Figures in Arithmetic Operations

1. Multiplication & Division
The answer has the same amount of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures.
Example: 2 mL x 4.3 mL x 22.29 mL = 2 x 10^2 mL
2000. mL / 10. = 20. X 10^1 mL
2. Addition & Subtraction
The answer has the same amount of significant figures as there are in the measurement with the fewest decimal place.
Example: 22.2 mL + 22.22 mL = 44. 4 mL
23.2 mL – 10.00 mL = 13.2 mL

# Rounding Off Rules

1. If the number is >5, the next number increases by 1.
986.567 rounds to 986.57 for 5 significant figures or 985.6 for 4 significant figures.
2. If the number is <5, the next number stays the same.
.2921 rounds to .292 for 3 significant figures or .29 for 2 significant figures.
3. If the number is =5, the next number increase by 1 if it is odd and stays the same if it is even.
18.75 rounds to 18.8, but 18.65 rounds to 18.6
4. One or more additional significant figures must be carried throughout calculations. Only final answer should be rounded.

# Exact Numbers

Exact numbers have no uncertainty and many times are constants.
They do not limit the number of significant figures in the answer.
Many times the exact number will have as many significant figures as the calculation is required.
Example: 48 hours in 1 day. 60 minutes in 1 hour. 60 seconds in 1 minute. 26 letters in the English alphabet.

# Resources

Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print.
# RapidSMS Developers Guide/Web Views & Templates

In web views, usually we want to represent some feature of our app to be viewed in a web page dynamically such as statistics, reports or even data manipulation.

## Views

In your app create a new file and name it views.py , in our case inside app/survey
A view receives an http request and returns http response We import the class HttpResponse, which lives in the django.http module
Inside views we define the functions that will take http request as parameter , the view returns an HttpResponse object that contains the generated response. Each view function is responsible for returning an HttpResponse object. so we define our index function as the following :
This function simply retrieves data objects from the models (dataBase) and pass them to template to be displayed in a well format view.
Renders a given template with a given context dictionary and returns an HttpResponse object with that rendered text.
For more details please visite :django views

## URLS mapping file

In your app create new file urls.py which will be a simple mapping between urls patterns and a call back function (our views) In this file import urls defaults and the views from our views that we have just created:
we should configure urls file to customize our views : We have tow views in our app/ survey : Main view views.index and views.profile
Patterns is available from django config urls defaults , we passe the first parameter as empty and we passe other parameters as needed
The 'r' in front of each regular expression string is optional but recommended. It tells Python that a string is "raw"
\d appeared in the group regular expression is a parameter that we passe to profile view

## Templates

Template is a text file that can generates any text-based format as (html,xml,..) Template can contains a variables which you will replace their values in your code variable looks like this: Template:Allrecords.Template compiler will evaluates that variable and replaces it with the result.
We have to create a template were we will write html code to view the data as reports or statistics or any thing that we want to display in our web application.
Create a new folder in your app and name it template.
apps/survey/template
Inside this folder create your template .html files.
index.html, profile.html
Template example :

## Template inheritance

To reuse Django's template is template inheritance. Template inheritance allows you to build a base "skeleton" template that contains all the common elements of your site and defines blocks that child templates can override. we put our code inside blocks to inherit from django main template as below.
For more information about templates please visit: [templates language]
← Customizing Admin U.I
# RapidSMS Developers Guide/Internationalization

This section explains how to localize your application. This describes how switch from one language (code language, usually English) to another language. If you want to serve multiple languages at the same this, do it yourself.

## Changing your code to support Localization

Create a new directory inside your app and name it locale. In our case: we create apps/survey/locale
Import needed packages to translate our text in each file which contains text strings or messages to be translated.
In app.py and models.py we have to import the gettext translation lib from django and from it we need the ugettext function.:
We give an alias for ugettext: _ to make the code more clear and easier to write.
Note: it is recommended in models and GUI to import ugettext_lazy function instead of ugettext
For each message you want to translate, make a call to the _ function, passing it the text. For instance :
To translate a message with parameters, make sure you only translate the format, not the evaluated string :
If Django finds this sentence in the file django.mo file (See bellow) it will retrieve the corresponding translation otherwise it will take the default text which is the original one.

## Creating the translation file

Once you have marked all your strings as translatable in your app, create a translation file using the following command:
In the previous example, myapp is the name of the app you are translating and ar is the language code of your target language.
In the locale folder Django will create a new folder named after the language code (ar here) with an LC_MESSAGES subfolder which itself contains a file named django.po.
This file is the file to be translated. That's the one you can share with a translator.
Each time you create or modify message new translatable strings in your app, re-issue the makemessages command to to update .po file.

## Translation

Open django.po file and translate your text for each message like:
* msgid: the original message “default language”
* msgstr: the corresponding translation.
Note: It is mandatory to keep all formating parameters (%s, %d, %(key)s, etc) from the original to the translation. For Arabic translation, %s must appear like this, not s%.

## Compiling the translation

Django doesn't use the dango.po file. It uses a compiled version of it: django.mo. To compile your .po file, use the following command:
This command will create .mo file which is the one used by Django and rapidsms to display localized strings.
Relaunch the command everytime you update the translation .po file to see the changes.

## Enabling localized version

To be able to use your localized version, your need to configure RapidSMS to use that language.
This is done using the bonjour app. Link it if you haven't then add it to your local.ini apps= list.
Lastly, you need to configure bonjour in local.ini to specify the language code:
← Git and the Community · Coding standards and documentation →
# RapidSMS Developers Guide/Noted contributors

This book has been initiated by the Souktel Workshop Group in Ramallah, Palestine
* Ahmed
* Mohannad Zalloom
* Renaud
* Oqba