OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Portuguese/Present tense irregular verbs
### Verbos irregulares

| | dar | estar | crer | dizer | fazer | haver | ler | poder | querer | saber | ser | ter |
| | (to give) | (to be) | (to believe) | (to say) | (to do) | (to have) | (to read) | (to be able to) | (to want) | (to know) | (to be) | (to have) |
| eu | dou | estou | creio | digo | faço | hei | leio | posso | quero | sei | sou | tenho |
| tu | dás | estás | crês | dizes | fazes | hás | lês | podes | queres | sabes | és | tens |
| você, ele, ela | dá | está | crê | diz | faz | há | lê | pode | quer | sabe | é | tem |
| nós | damos | estamos | cremos | dizemos | fazemos | havemos | lemos | podemos | queremos | sabemos | somos | temos |
| vós | dais | estais | credes | dizeis | fazeis | haveis | ledes | podeis | quereis | sabeis | sois | tendes |
| vocês, eles, elas | dão | estão | creem | dizem | fazem | hão | leem | podem | querem | sabem | são | têm |
| | trazer | ver | ir | dormir | ouvir | pedir | subir | vir | seguir | progredir | pôr |
| | (to bring) | (to see) | (to go) | (to sleep) | (to hear) | (to ask) | (to rise, to mount) | (to come) | (to follow) | (to get along) | (to put) |
| eu | trago | vejo | vou | durmo | ouço | peço | subo | venho | sigo | progrido | ponho |
| tu | trazes | vês | vais | dormes | ouves | pedes | sobes | vens | segues | progrides | pões |
| você, ele, ela | traz | vê | vai | dorme | ouve | pede | sobe | vem | segue | progride | põe |
| nós | trazemos | vemos | vamos | dormimos | ouvimos | pedimos | subimos | vimos | seguimos | progredimos | pomos |
| vós | trazeis | vedes | ides | dormis | ouvis | pedis | subis | vindes | seguis | progredis | pondes |
| vocês, eles, elas | trazem | veem | vão | dormem | ouvem | pedem | sobem | vêm | seguem | progridem | põem |

### O verbo reflexivo

In Brazil
* levantar-se
* (to get up)
* me levanto
* te levantas
* se levanta
* nos levantamos
* vos levantais
* se levantam
In Portugal
* levantar-se
* (to get up)
* levanto-me
* levantas-te
* levanta-se
* levantamo-nos
* levantais-vos
* levantam-se
# Portuguese/Preterite tense irregular verbs

These are the verbs that are irregular in the preterite tense in Portuguese.
SER - To be
| I was | Eu f | ui |
| You (s,inf) were | Tu f | oste |
| He was (also ela, você) | Ele f | oi |
| We were | Nós f | omos |
| You (p) were | Vós f | ostes |
| They were (also elas, vocês) | Eles f | oram |
ESTAR - To be
| I was | Eu est | ive |
| You (s,inf) were | Tu est | iveste |
| He was (also ela, você) | Ele est | eve |
| We were | Nós est | ivemos |
| You (p) were | Vós est | ivestes |
| They were (also elas, vocês) | Eles est | iveram |
TER - To have
| I had | Eu tiv | e |
| You (s,inf) had | Tu tiv | este |
| He had (also ela, você) | Ele tev | e |
| We had | Nós tiv | emos |
| You (p) had | Vós tiv | estes |
| They had (also elas, vocês) | Eles tiv | eram |
IR - To go
| I went | Eu f | ui |
| You (s,inf) went | Tu f | oste |
| He went (also ela, você) | Ele f | oi |
| We went | Nós f | omos |
| You (p) went | Vós f | ostes |
| They went (also elas, vocês) | Eles f | oram |
VIR - To come
| I came | Eu vi | m |
| You (s,inf) came | Tu vi | este |
| He came (also ela, você) | Ele ve | io |
| We came | Nós vi | emos |
| You (p) came | Vós vi | estes |
| They came (also elas, vocês) | Eles vi | eram |
PODER - To be able to
| I could | Eu pud | e |
| You (s,inf) could | Tu pud | este |
| He could (also ela, você) | Ele p | ôde |
| We could | Nós pud | emos |
| You (p) could | Vós pud | estes |
| They could (also elas, vocês) | Eles pud | eram |
FAZER - To do
| I did | Eu f | iz |
| You (s,inf) did | Tu f | izeste |
| He did (also ela, você) | Ele f | ez |
| We did | Nós f | izemos |
| You (p) did | Vós f | izestes |
| They did (also elas, vocês) | Eles f | izeram |
SABER - To know
| I knew | Eu soub | e |
| You (s,inf) knew | Tu soub | este |
| He knew (also ela, você) | Ele soub | e |
| We knew | Nós soub | emos |
| You (p) knew | Vós soub | estes |
| They knew (also elas, vocês) | Eles soub | eram |
# Portuguese Grammar/About this Wikibook

This wikibook was started in 6 July 2005, pretending to be a comprehensive grammar of Portuguese language for foreign people, a reference for advanced and even basic learners.
It is divided in two main parts. The first part, Alphabet & Phonology and Basic grammar intends to provide an objective text about standart Portuguese. The second part, Advanced grammar, More on History contains information on the usage of the language, and some peculiarities of Portuguese. Variations, finally, rediscuss all the book under the perspective of the regional speakings.
This wikibook is strongly based in the Brazilian Gramática Normativa da Língua Portuguesa by Prof. Carlos Henrique da Rocha Lima.
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# The Computer Revolution/Communication/Online Forums

Online forums are an environment that allows the discussion and sharing ideas. It differs from things like email and instant messaging in that messages are posted for anyone who cares to see and respond to them. There are an almost infinite number of forum topics around, allowing people of any interest no matter how rare to meet and discuss with like minded people. If you cannot find a subject forum that fits you, you may simply start your own.
Most online forums support one of two methods of tracking unread messages: "Full" and "Session".
There's a simple test that can provide a good guess at whether the forum software supports "Full" unread message tracking:
* Login into the forum.
* Wait for unread messages to appear (unread markers shown). Do not read them.
* Logout from the forum (use "logout" link).
* Login into the forum again.
* Check whether unread markers that you've seen before the logout persisted through the logout/login.
If markers didn't "survive" logout/login, then the forum is most likely using "Session" unread message tracking. If markers did survive, then there's a good chance that forum indeed supports "Full" unread message tracking. Note that you should check unread markers at the topic level as there are at least some examples of using board-level markers to indicate things other than existence of unread topics within.
# The Computer Revolution/Communication/VOIP

VOIP or Voice Over Internet Protocol is in a nutshell your phone via through the computer. One of the biggest benefits to this is the savings on long distance phone calls. Because you are accessing the phone through your modem it is essentially costing you about 1 cent a minute. Even the lowest telephone plan is around 5 cents a minute and to get that you have to be calling late at night. Another benefit is the mobility, VOIP users can take there phone with them where ever they go. As long as they have a modem connection they have access to there phone. Should they be away from the phone for a period of time they have the traditional messaging services available to them. However, despite these advantages it is worth noting that not everyone has a VOIP phone which can make things a bit of a hassle. Because VOIP phone have different phone numbers it also means switching your phone number. If there was ever a power outage you would also find that your VOIP phone useless without power to the modem. All in all we are seeing what through VOIP what the future has in store for the telephone industry however it is clear that certain advancements need to be made in order for this to become the new norm.
Skype
Skype is a type of VoIP that allows you to communicate with others through voice, video and instant messaging. The nice thing about skype is that communication with other skype users is free of charge which allows for more personal interaction via the internet. It is versatile in it's ability to transfer files and videoconferencing. The thing that sets it apart from other VoIP services is that it has a peer to peer and a client based system.
# The Computer Revolution/Communication/Skype

Skype is an online telephone. It has all the features you can get with a regular phone, but it's online. In case you might be away Skype also has a built in messaging system to receive voicemail while you are away. Skype connects to computers, landlines or mobiles so you can reach anyone over their telephone line.

## Costs

Money is involved with calling people on the phone and skype is no different. Currently they are offering free calling to landlines and mobiles within canada and the US, but that deal only lasts till 2006. Between other skype customers the calling is always free. There is also an option of video calls or group calls. The voicemail does cost money though, but for 1 year it will cost you $20 CDN to send and receive voicemail. Other costs include International calls to landlines and mobiles, forwarding calls to phones, and SMS. Skype accepts payments through PayPal, certain credit cards, Moneybookers, or even withdraw the money for your own bank account.
More individuals, businesses, and home owners are dropping their regular phone company and are starting to use their computer with their microphone and speakers to use Skype. Skype is a free application and service that you are able to download from www.skype.com. Once you have your account setup all you need to do is log into the application like using any instant messenger. If you know the person id you can add it to your list and be able to make that call for free. For other situations you can add credit from your credit card through PayPal. For individuals who have enough vision to work the application they just use the mouse to add contacts, make audio or video calls, text messages, etc. For individuals like myself on the other hand, who has limited vision, I am able to use the keyboard commands incorporated with the scripts from JAWS for Windows a screen reader that reads the text spoken out loud through the computer’s speakers. So if I want to make a call all I need to do is hit Enter on the person’s name and it makes the call for me. To end the call or video chat on the other hand I use the keyboard commands Alt + Down Arrow that I have created from the settings menu. At the moment my monthly subscription for U.S. Canada and portions of Mexico, is $2.99. Yup! You are not imagining what is shown on the screen. So that is why my cell phone has the cheapest plan of 59.00 a month with unlimited texting, and Data plan to be able to use for emergencies and use my Skype account anywhere.

## Extras

With all the options Skype also offers products for you to purchase. There are headsets and handsets both wired and wireless. For those that wish to show themselves off there is an assortment of webcams with some that include Skype minutes when purchased through Skype's online market.
# The Computer Revolution/Communication/Netmeetings
## Netmeetings

* Applications sharing and data conferencing- Unlike most conferencing products, which enable only audio phone calls, NetMeeting allows users to have a much richer experience by sharing information on their PC with the people they are talking to, allowing to connect with multiple users.
* Allows sharing of one's desktop with multiple users with a choice of letting the other users edit it.
* The other users in the conference do not have to have the same application to view it.
* Netmeeting also allows users to share a whiteboard, where they sketch their ideas, as well as live chat with the rest of the conference.
* NetMeeting will change the way people communicate and collaborate on the Internet and corporate intra-nets by expanding the situations in which the PC can be used. Possible scenarios include these:
-Virtual meetings, allowing users to be remote or in different locations and conduct meetings as if everyone were in the same room.
-Document collaboration, allowing users to work together and collaborate on documents or information in real time.
-Customer service, allowing users to communicate directly with customer service from a Web site, or be able to see graphic information as part of a telephone call.
-Telecommuting, allowing users to extend their reach while on the road or other locations beyond file sharing or e-mail, by taking advantage of data conferencing capabilities.
-Distance learning, allowing presentations or information to be presented to numerous people at the same time over the Internet or intra-nets for education purposes.

## Key features and benefits

* NetMeeting makes it easy to connect and communicate with friends and family over the Internet.
* NetMeeting extends the telephone call to enable rich multimedia communication.
* NetMeeting lets users get the most out of their PC on the Internet.
* Increase in the productivity of end users.
* Reduction of the cost of support on intra-nets.
* Extend conferencing to products, solutions and services.
# The Computer Revolution/Communication/Interior

There are many components inside the computer that can be upgraded.
Graphics Card: The graphics card inside a computer can allow for different resolutions, improved graphical processing power, and increased pixel display capability.
Motherboard: Upgrading your mother board can allow for more space for CPU fans, additional input slots(USB, firewire, etc.), compatibility with CPU's, and extra input slots for multiple hard drives.
RAM(Random Access Memory): Having more RAM will result in your computer "thinking" quicker and being able to handle heavier data loads more smoothly. You will be able to run applications and games with less lag, or choppiness.
Hard Drive: Buying a new hard drive can provide many benefits. You can increase your data storage capabilities on a cheap budget by opting for a HDD(hard disk drive), they are cheaper than SSD's(solid state drive) but not as fast and are susceptible to crashing. SSD's on the other hand offer increased speed and no chance of crashing(due to the absence of moving parts inside), but at a much heftier price.
Cooling System: There are advanced cooling systems that utilize water, but the majority of traditional computer cooling comes from fans. Mini fans can be purchased and added in the amount determined by whichever case you purchase. Your motherboard also has a limited amount of inputs for fans, so it may need to be upgraded as well.
Tower(Case computer is in): Choosing an appropriate tower is very important because computer components all vary in size. You may need a large case just for a large motherboard to fit, or you might be designing a computer to minimize clutter and therefore opt for a smaller tower. You need room for air to flow though, so parts don't overheat and break. Keeping your computer cool is part of properly maintaining it.
# The Computer Revolution/Communication/satellites

Communications satellites are stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications.
The first satellite was Soviet Sputnik I which was launched in 1957. In 1958, Project SCORE was the first American satellite used to relay communications. It used a tape recorder to store and forward voice messages. President Eisenhower used it to send a Christmas greeting to the world. In 1960, NASA launched an Echo satellite that was used for radio communications.
NASA launched the first privately sponsored space launch of Telstar in July, 1962. Telstar was the first active, direct relay communications satellite, and it belonged to AT&T.
Modern communications satellites use three different types of orbits. One of these is geostationary. From earth, the satellite appears to be in a fixed position. It revolves around the earth at a constant speed once per day over the equator. It is a useful application for communications purposes. In 1972, the first geostationary communications satellite, Anik I (a Canadian satellite) was launched.
The United States launched Satcom 1 in 1975, which was used by broadcast TV networks such as ABC, NBC and CBS to distribute their programming to all of their local affiliate stations.
Another type of orbit used by communications satellites is the low earth orbit. It is typically a circular orbit about 150 kilometers above the earth's surface and takes about 90 minutes to revolve around the earth. Because low earth orbiting satellites are stationed closer to the ground than geostationary orbiting satellites, they are less expensive to position in space. A low earth orbiting satellite is also able to store data received while passing over one part of Earth and transmit it later while passing over another part of Earth.
Molniya orbiting communications satellites are used for providing services at high latitudes. The Molniya orbit provides good elevation (the satellite's position above the horizon) over selected positions during the northern part of its' orbit. It takes one half day for the satellite to complete a full revolution.
Molniya orbiting satellites are more commonly used for telephone and TV services over Russia because of their high latitude capabilities. They are also used for mobile radio systems, even at lower latitudes, because cars traveling in the presence of tall buildings need access to satellites at high elevation to secure the signal.
# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Commitments to long term training, administrative base, and financial assets

Tasks and Phases involved
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Patron partners/Tasks and phases involved

The next phase involved the establishment of other revenue, including non-football revenue. The main objective within this phase was to secure a commitment from the patron partner, and then also to develop a business plan for other key revenue opportunities. The tasks required within this stage were directly related to the goal that is the first task included negotiating a patron partnership in order to secure a commitment. The second task was to conduct research in order to develop a business plan for other key revenue opportunities.
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Pledges to establish in excess of $5 million

A three point strategy was built to generate assets of 5 million.
# Sport Innovation/AFL BId/AFL Criteria/Pledges to establish in excess of $5 million

A three point strategy was built to generate assets of 5 million. 1. Cash management and access to AFL linked funding. 2. High net working capital program 3. Securing freehold on land for GCFC training and administration base.
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Foundation members/Tasks and phases involved

After establishing a corporate base, it was then important for the club to establish a membership and supporter base. This was thus the large umbrella for the second phase of the project. This phase included the end goal of establishing 20,000 committed supporters, and consisted of two main tasks. The first task included registering supporters, and at the completion of this task the AFL club had 42,000 registered supporters. During this particular task, the club also recorded the number of supporters who had expressed interest in obtaining membership, and this came out to be 14,500. The second task involved in establishing a membership support base for this project was organising a system for membership ticketing. This task consisted of research being undertaken in order to determine the needs and wants of the members in terms of ticketing packages. Ultimately, following the research, a membership ticketing portfolio consisting of three packages was introduced.
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Commitments to long term training, administrative base and financial assets/Tasks and phases involved

The third criteria was to establish a high net worth for the AFL club. The main objective for the phase was to make commitments to long term training, an administration base and financial assets. This phase involved three main tasks in order to establish long term commitments to training, administration and financial assets. The first task was for the AFL club to launch the Vice Presidents Club, which once the task was complete, consisted of 45 vice presidents who played a prominent role in securing the bid for the seventeenth football team. After the vice presidents club was established, the second task of this particular phase was able to be undertaken. The second task involved the commissioning of research in order to develop an appropriate fundraising strategy, and then to ultimately develop the fundraising strategy chosen.
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Foundation members

Criteria of AFL bid made it essential for the continuum to receive commitments from 20,000 locals to become football club members. 42,000 people registered support to producing an AFL team on the Gold Coast with, 14,500 of that interest in membership.
Tasks and Phases involved
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Patron partners

Tasks and Phases involved
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# Sport Innovation/AFL Bid/AFL Criteria/Queensland Government

The Queensland Government announced during early 2009 that they would contribute sufficient fund allowing the redevelopment of the Gold Coast, Carrara Stadium. The stadium would have a 25,000 seat capacity and be scheduled to be completed in May 2011. Funding grants for the new stadium were received from the Gold Coast city council (20million), federal and state government (86 million) and AFL (10million).
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# Radiation Oncology/RT Techniques/Photodynamic Therapy

* A form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance, used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity)
* Proven ability to kill microbial cells, including bacteria, fungi and viruses
* Used clinically to treat a wide range of medical conditions, including wet age-related macular degeneration, psoriasis, atherosclerosis and has shown some efficacy in anti-viral treatments, including herpes
* Also treats malignant cancers including head and neck, lung, bladder and particular skin, etc.
# Radiation Oncology/RT Techniques/Interferon alpha (IFNα)

* Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses
* In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses
* The mammalian types are designated IFN-α (alpha), IFN-β (beta), IFN-κ (kappa), IFN-δ (delta), IFN-ε (epsilon), IFN-τ (tau), IFN-ω (omega), and IFN-ζ (zeta, also known as limitin)
* The IFN-α proteins are produced mainly by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)
** They are mainly involved in innate immunity against viral infection
** The genes responsible for their synthesis come in 13 subtypes that are called IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17, IFNA21
** These genes are found together in a cluster on chromosome 9
* IFN-α is also made synthetically as medication in hairy cell leukemia
** The pegylated types are pegylated interferon alfa-2a and pegylated interferon alfa-2b
* Alpha interferons are used in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis (C and B), some solid tumors (e.g., Kaposi sarcomas in patients with HIV infection), melanoma, and certain leukemias
# Radiation Oncology/RT Techniques/Photochemistry

* Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light
* Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible light (400–750 nm) or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm)
* In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight
* Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions
* Photochemical paths access high energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes
* Photochemistry is also destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics