# Lombard/Subject personal pronouns

* The reference orthography for this page of Lombard course is New Lombard orthography

## Subject personal pronouns

Lombard has two types of personal subject pronouns: strong subject pronouns and weak subject pronouns (or redundant subjects).
Strong subject pronouns can be omitted.
Weak subject pronouns are usually always obligatory for the 2nd and 3rd person singular in all dialects, while for other persons they are obligatory depending on the dialect. Their use in sentence construction is explained in the module on sentence construction.

## Strong subjects
### Western Lombard

| Dialect►►► | MI | CO | NO | LC | PV | VA | Br | LO | Bst | Lgn | Lagh | Vtel | Olp | English language |
| 1^sing | mi | | | mi | mi | | | | men | mi | me | mi | | I |
| 2^sing | ti | | | te | ti | | ta | | ti | ti | | ti | ti | you |
| 3^masc sing | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | | he |
| 3^fem sing | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | | she |
| 1^plu | num nun nunch | | | noeugn | num | nunch | | | noeugn | num | | nun nungn | | we |
| 2^plu | vialter | | | violter | vialtar | | | | violtar | violtar | violter | viotri | | you |
| 3^masc plu | lor | | | lor | lor | | | | loi | lor | | lor | | they |
| 3^fem plu * | lore | | | lore | lore | | | | loi | lore | | lore | | they |

### Eastern Lombard

| Dialect►►► | BG | BS | CR | Cr | English language |
| 1^sing | me | me | me | | I |
| 2^sing | te | te | te | | you |
| 3^masc sing | lu | lu | lu | lu | he |
| 3^fem sing | lee | lee | lee | lee | she |
| 1^plu | noter | noter | noalter | | we |
| 2^plu | vus | (mas.)voter/(fem.)votre | voalter | | you |
| 3^masc plu | lor | lur | lor | | they |
| 3^fem plu * | lore | lure | lore | | they |

### Alpine Lombard

| Dialect►►► | TI | Breg | °Vtel | Posch | Ciav | Os | English language |
| 1^sing | | | | mi | mi | | I |
| 2^sing | | | | ti | ti | | you |
| 3^masc sing | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | he |
| 3^fem sing | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lee | lei |
| 1^plu | | num | | noaltri | nioltar | | we |
| 2^plu | | | | voaltri | violtar | | you |
| 3^plu masc | | | | lor | lor | | they |
| 3^plu fem * | | | | lore | lore | | they |
* the difference between “lor” and “lore” is often only graphic in New Lombard Orthography because in most dialects there is no difference in pronunciation between masculine and feminine

## Weak subjects

They are indicated in brackets when they are not mandatory.
| Dialect►►► | MI | CO CO | LC | PV | VA | Br | Lgn | Bst | Lagh | Vtel | Trz | Olp | BG | CR | Posch | Ciav |
| 1^sing | (a) | | | (a) | | ma | (a) | a | | (a) | ma | | ((me)) | | | |
| 2^sing | te | | te | at / ‘t | ta | ta | te | atì | te | te to | ta | | | te | ta | te |
| 3^masc sing | el / l' | | el / l' | el /l' | | al / l' | el / l' | al | el /l' | el / l' | | al / l' | al / l' / 'l | el / l' | al / l' | el / l' |
| 3^fem sing | la /l' | | | la /l' | | la / l' | la | ala / al' | la / l' | la / l' | la / l' | | la / l' | | | la / l' |
| 1^plu | (a) | | | (a) | | | (a) | a | | en / on | | | am / an | | | an |
| 2^plu | (a) | | | (a) | | | i | i | | (a) | | | ((ve)) | | | |
| 3^plu | (i)/(a) | | i | i | | | i | i | i | i | | i | i | i | i | i |
| universal * | (a) (al) | ul | | - | | | a | a | | a | | - | a | | | |
* The universal pronoun is used for the impersonal form and sometimes takes the place of the weak third person singular pronoun in the particular cases described about the construction of the sentence. (in brackets the cases in which it is not mandatory)

### Note

* ↑ it is used only before the reflexive pronoun “se”
* ↑ it is used only before the reflexive pronoun se
* ↑ outside Milan
* ↑ not used
* ↑ not used