OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Do-It-Yourself/Shoe polish
## Home-made shoe polish
### Neutral Colour Shoe Polish

To make a neutral-colour, home-made shoe polish, you would need:
* Soap flakes 30 g (1 oz)
* Potassium carbonate 15 g (0.5 oz) (Obtain from chemist/pharmacist)
* Beeswax 150 g (5oz)
* Gum arabic powder 15 g (0.5 oz)
* Icing sugar 45 g (1.5 oz)
Slice the beeswax and add to 568 ml (a pint) of water. Stir in the soap flakes and potassium carbonate. Boil until a smooth paste. Whilst the mixture is still hot (turn off the heat, but act quickly), add and stir the gum arabic powder and icing sugar. For a specifically black polish, 280 g (10 oz) of charcoal powder from the chemist may be added at this stage.
In recent history the black colour comes from an aniline dye. The next recipe indicates that nigrosene (generically, a black dye made from oxidised aniline) was domestically procurable in the 1940s.
Note that the above recipe uses potassium carbonate (potash) whereas the following recipe uses potassium bicarbonate, which is not potash. Imperial Measures are in brackets.

### Black Shoe Polish

Melt wax in boiling water and stir in the potassium, using a large pot to allow for the mixture foaming up. Dissolve the nigrosene in a little cold water and stir it in thoroughly, bring to the boil, and simmer gently for some minutes, stirring it until it creams. Take mixture off the fire, and stir in the turpentine. Put away in small tins, tightly closed.
[ ... p194: ] N.B.- In following recipes which contain kerosene, methylated spirit, turpentine, petrol, benzine or any other inflammable ingredient, great care must be observed to avoid making preparation near a lighted stove or naked flame of any kind.
[p192,194 The New P.W.M.U. Cookery Book, 1941, Presbyterian Women's Missionary Union of Victoria (Australia)]
Machines to be used
# Guide to Photographic Gear/Table of Contents/Choosing Lenses
## Choosing Lenses

After you have chosen a camera, you will probably want to choose a lens. While many cameras come with a kit lens, you may want to also buy another lens to complement your kit lens. To do that, you will need to follow the steps listed below.
The first step is to decide whether you want a prime lens or a zoom lens. In its simplest sense, a prime lens is one that has a fixed focal length (it can't zoom in or out), and a zoom lens is one that has a variable focal length (it can zoom in or out). If this is the only thing you know, it is probably a no-brainer to choose the zoom. But the following things will make you think twice.
The pros to a zoom lens is that it can, well, zoom! With a zoom lens, you have greater control over your subject, and more freedom focal length-wise. But that freedom is compensated for by sharpness. Think of it this way: focal range and sharpness is inversely proportional: the wider the focal range is, the less sharp it is (a 50-200mm is less sharp than a 50-140mm). Recently, however, Canon broke into new territory by introducing their new RF 28-70mm f/2.0L USM lens for their EOS R mirrorless system, which has the same image quality as a prime! However, this lens still seems to be the exception rather than the rule in zoom lenses.
The pros to a prime lens are that it is sharper than a zoom. Primes are also often much cheaper than zooms because of the loss of zoom technology. Also, the silver lining to the fixed focal range is that you get to understand a specific focal range better. You know more about that one focal range, what subjects it can and cannot shoot. Two final pros to a prime lens are that it is often the best choice for night photography, often offering apertures wider than zooms can go. Primes also do great with close-up photography as well.
Now that you know whether you want a prime or zoom lens, it is time to decide on a focal length type. In general, there are the following types of lenses:
Normal
* Ultra Wide-Angle
* Wide-Angle
* Standard
* Standard-Telephoto
* Telephoto
* Super Telephoto
Specialty
* Fisheye
* Macro
* Tilt-Shift
After you've read the corresponding pages and chosen a type of lens, go to your camera brand's page in this book to learn about good lenses that will suit you.
# Guide to Photographic Gear/Table of Contents/Introduction
## Introduction

Many of us have practiced photography before. Whether it was a phone, a point-and-shoot camera, or a professional DSLR, many of us have taken photos before. And while the act of taking photos certainly is part of photography, we may be fooling ourselves if we think we have mastered photography.
Photography is not just taking photos. It is the art of composing photos. Composing photos means selecting the right location, angle of view, and gear. In this book, we will take a close look at the gear choosing aspect of photography.
Don't get me wrong - you can take great photos with just 1 or 2 pieces of gear, but the fact remains that if you want to expand, you just have to get more gear. However, don't let this fact distract you from the fun of photography (see Gear Acquisition Syndrome).
In this book we will cover cameras and lenses, as well as any miscellaneous gear you may need (tripods, drones, etc.). We will cover everything from DSLRs to SLRs, mirrorless to point-and-shoot. We try to include as many brands as possible, but we are not biased in any way toward any brand (see A Note on Brands). In this book, we try to understand each piece of gear as well as someone who have used it for years. And we will pass on that knowledge to you in this book to help you choose the perfect piece of gear for every occasion. So dive in to this book! We have lots to cover.
# Guide to Photographic Gear/Table of Contents/Gear Acquisition Syndrome

Ever heard of Gear Acquisition Syndrome (or GAS for short)? Commonly used in music and photography, Gear Acquisition Syndrome describes the cumulative and excessive buying of gear. Now since this is a guide to buying gear, it would seem that this book is just the perfect recipe for getting GAS.
While this book is focused as a guide to buying gear, let me tell you this: This book does not advocate the excessive buying of gear. 3 lenses may be enough for a beginner, 6 for a professional, and so on. This book's purpose is simply to guide you to getting a perfect piece of gear if and when you decide you need a new piece of gear. Throughout the rest of this book, we will assume that you are reading because you want to know what gear to get.
Now onto GAS. In order to cure GAS, you must learn to identify it first. There are many stages to GAS as it progresses, and we will touch on them here.
The first stage is where you begin to want to buy gear. You have reached a low point in your photographic studies, and your mind tells yourself: If I can just get that one piece of gear, then everything will work again. However, you know better, and you resist that until it tortures you so much that you click that "Buy" button.
The second stage is guilt. You get your piece of gear from the store and come home. But when you are supposed to have fun a play around with the new piece of lens, instead you hide it and feel guilt. You regret buying the piece. However, after a few days, the guilt wears off and you are finally able to enjoy photography again, until...
The final stage. This is where GAS gets cruel. Depending on gear, GAS will slowly creep back to you again. You will want to buy more gear again. And the whole cycle will repeat again and again.
But how do you prevent Gear Acquisition Syndrome? There are several ways, and I will talk about them here. The first is limiting yourself. You see, there is a balance between gear and creativity. More gear does mean more opportunities, but you end up relying on a hunk of shaped metal instead of your own creativity to take a picture. When you limit yourself, you are forcing yourself to be creative.
Finally, do you really need that piece of gear? Always ask yourself this before you buy anything. Do you really need that lens? Does it limit your work? Do you not have any other gear that can do the purpose of this gear? If these questions are all "yes", then you can go ahead and buy without guilt. But if one of them is no- if it doesn't limit your work, if you don't need it, don't buy it.
# Guide to Schools/Alphabetical
## Alphabetical Listing of Schools

Carlbrook School
Emerge Over 18 Young Adult Transitonal Living Program - Andrew Bryan, Founder
Family Foundation School
King George School
# Carlbrook School
## Contact Information

PO Box 755, Halifax, VA 24558
==Key Staff

### Administrative head

John Henson, Dean of Administration _

### Admission Contact

Grant Price, Dean of Admissions

### Head of Academics

Dr. Chris Soto, Dean of Academics

### Head of counseling or therapauetics

Jonathan Gurney, Dean of Advising'

### Grades and Ages

Carlbrook School provides coeducational instruction for grades 9-12.

## Size of School

100 Students

## Description of Physical Plant

Carlbrook School sits on 200 Acres of beautiful, open land in southside Virginia.

## Athletics

Intramural Soccer and Softball are offered at Carlbrook School.

## Extra-Curricular Activities other than Athletics

Carlbrook School offers extensive programming for students interested in the visual arts. Particular emphasis is placed on ceramics.
Students also have the opportunity to participate in the performance arts, including theatre and dance.
# Guide to Schools/States by Region
### New England
#### Vermont

King George School

### Middle Atlantic
#### New York

Family Foundation School

#### Virginia

Carlbrook School
# Family Foundation School
## Contact Information

Address 431 Chapel Hill Road, Hancock, NY 13783
Phone (845) 887-5213
Fax 845-887-4939

## Key Staff (with correct titles and contact information, if different)
### Administrative head

name, title _

### Admission Contact

name,title

### Head of Academics

name,title

### Head of counseling or therapauetics

name,title

### Other key staff

name,title

## Ownership

The Family Foundation School is independently owned and operated.
# General Astronomy/Galactic Evolution

(This section is incomplete.)
The question of which came first, stars or galaxies, was once the "chicken and egg" question with no real answer. However, more recent evidence points to vestigial structures in space that ultimately led to the formation of galaxies, long before the formation of any stars. Thus, galaxies came first and stars formed within them.
Astronomers have pieced together the evolution of galaxies not from any one particular galaxy, because of the enormous time scales involved, but by reference to many galaxies in different stages. It is possible, for example, to note common characteristics in all spiral galaxies. Astronomers also can view various spirals at various ages to develop a relative time sequence. If we look at a galaxy that is 5 billion light years away, we know that it is at least 5 billion years old. The distance, and hence minimum age, can be determined by the shift in spectral lines from the light of the galaxy via the concept of Red Shift and the Hubble Law.
Galaxies form from immense clouds of intergalactic gas in three basic types: spiral, elliptical and irregular. Ultimately, the type of galaxy is determined primarily by the dimensions and mass of the gas cloud, and the amount of angular momentum it contains. The angular momentum determines how much the cloud begins to spin as it contracts under the force of gravity. Clouds with large angular momenta spin faster and flatten into a disk-like structure that evolves into a spiral galaxy. Clouds with little angular momenta spin little if at all, and the central force of gravity pulls them into a near-spherical or elliptical shape, appropriately forming an elliptical galaxy. Most large galaxies are of these two types.
There is good evidence to believe that when two similarly-sized spiral galaxies collide, the ultimate result can be a large elliptical galaxy. Although no such single process has ever been observed, there are numerous examples of colliding galaxies.
Smaller clouds of gas may be so loosely bound by gravity that they have not specific or definable shape, and are known as irregular galaxies.
In addition, there are also "strange" or "peculiar" galaxies, likely the result of not of the original formation of the galaxy, but rather some subsequent event, such as the collision of two galaxies.
Once a galaxy forms, its subsequent evolution is determined primarily by the conditions in its nucleus, and the amount of gas left over for further star formation. Astronomers have determined that the core of most newly formed galaxies is dominated by a supermassive black hole (section 13.5). Young galaxies typically are quite energetic due to radiation formed from material that spirals down into this supermassive black hole (SBH). This is likely the source of energy of active galactic nuclei and quasars (Section 13.6) Over time, all of the material that is close enough to the SBH to be pulled into it diminishes and with it the strong radiation from the core. Thus, young galaxies are very energetic, but they calm down with age.
# General Astronomy/Helioseismology

Helioseismology is the study of vibrations on the surface of the Sun, comparable to seismology on Earth. Analysis of these vibrations serve to provide information on internal processes in the Sun similar to the way studying earthquake vibrations can reveal information about the interior of the Earth.
# General Astronomy/Long-Soft and Short-Hard Classifications
### Long gamma-ray bursts

Most observed events have a duration of greater than two seconds and are classified as long gamma-ray bursts. Because these events constitute the majority of the population and because they tend to have the brightest afterglows, they have been studied in much greater detail than their short counterparts. Almost every well-studied long gamma-ray burst has been linked to a galaxy with rapid star formation, and in many cases to a core-collapse supernova as well. Long GRB afterglow observations, at high redshift, are also consistent with the GRB having originated in star-forming regions. A unique gamma ray emission event, GRB 110328A, lasting more than two and a half months was observed starting March 28, 2011, originating from the center of a small galaxy at redshift z = 0.3534. The event is interpreted as a supermassive black hole devouring a star, most likely a white Dwarf and emitting its beam of radiation towards Earth. It could thus be viewed as a temporarily active blazar (a type of Quasar).

### Short gamma-ray bursts

Events with a duration of less than about two seconds are classified as short gamma-ray bursts. These account for about 30% of gamma-ray bursts, but until 2005, no afterglow had been successfully detected from any short event and little was known about their origins. Since then, several dozen short gamma-ray burst afterglows have been detected and localized, several of which are associated with regions of little or no star formation, such as large elliptical galaxies and the central regions of large galaxy clusters. This rules out a link to massive stars, confirming that short events are physically distinct from long events. In addition, there has been no association with supernovae. The true nature of these objects (or even whether the current classification scheme is accurate) remains unknown, although the leading hypothesis is that they originate from the mergers of binary neutron stars or a neutron star with a black hole. The observation of minutes to hours of X-ray flashes after a short gamma-ray burst is consistent with small particles of a primary object like a neutron star initially swallowed by a black hole in less than two seconds, followed by some hours of lesser energy events, as remaining fragments of tidally-disrupted neutron star material (no longer neutronium) remain in orbit to spiral into the black hole, over a longer period of time. A small fraction of short gamma-ray bursts are probably produced by giant flares from soft gamma repeaters in nearby galaxies.
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Introduction

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .
The Energy Efficiency Reference (EER) is an open and collaborative project that was created in 2008 at the Oregon State University Industrial Assessment Center. The overarching goal of the EER is to be a central reference for everything related to energy efficiency, specifically how to assess and implement energy efficiency projects.
From its inception, it was realized that to be successful, the EER would need to draw from the extensive experience of individuals from geographically dispersed locations. Because of this, the original developers have opted to use an open and collaborative approach to development by utilizing WikiBooks.

## Licensing

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see Copyrights for details).
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Lighting

* Introduction
* Sectors
* Agriculture • Commercial • Industrial • Residential
* Subsystems
* Boilers & Steam • Fume Hoods • Compressed Air • HVAC • Refrigeration • Lighting • Motors • Pumps & Fans • Solar
* Incentives
* Additional Resources
* Glossary
* Contributors
* view .

## About

Lighting is one of the easiest areas to analyze in terms of energy efficiency. However, it is often one of the most overlooked areas too. Types of Lighting Please goto the subpage for more info: Types of Bulbs

## Energy Audit Procedure
### Before the Audit

Before you leave to go on the audit there are some things you need to take care of.

## Data Collection

Every plant has lights and it will be your job to collect the necessary data to write a report. Here are the basic things to look for and collect.

## Data Entry

Use the lighting inventory excel sheet at the bottom of the page to enter all the data you have collected from the plant visit.

## Editing the Lighting Workbook

To enter a new fixture into the lighting workbook you will need to enter the information on the fixture into the fixture worksheet.

## Report Writing

In order to start your AR, first follow the general instructions under the 'Starting an AR Write-up' section. Now that you have a basic outline of your AR, you can begin. Old AR's are the most important resource when writing. Most reports have a lighting AR, and it is highly likely that you will be able to find one very similar to what you're working on. You can use the old AR as an outline, that when filled in with your information and edited to your specifications, will work as a good draft. Make sure your Calculation Methodology is as concise as possible and very easy to follow. That way, the client can easily replicate your calculations with other data if needed. Add subheadings when dealing with multiple savings/implementation costs. After your calculation methodology is finished, copy all of the (Fix #) sheets from Excel into the end of the section. Make sure your Persuasive is concise and includes a picture related to your AR. Appendix Writing The lighting appendix is similar in all reports. It includes important definitions for the client to easily follow the report followed by the lighting inventory you created in the excel spreadsheet. An example of definitions is attached at the bottom of this web page.

## Past Energy Savings Opportunities

* 542 - AR "Upgrade 400W Metal Halides T5 High Output"
* 543 - AR "Upgrade Lighting and add Motion Sensors"

## Tutorials

* Include 'How Tos' on software (i.e. MotorMaster, system specific stuff), uploaded spreadsheets, etc. Using CamStudio would be good for this

## Additional Information

Links to outside sites that hold additional information, or even pages within this site that have more info.
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Proposal
## Proposal
### Abstract

The goal of the Energy Efficiency Reference project is to develop a comprehensive web-based reference. The main body of information will be drawn from energy audit work completed by the Oregon State Energy/Efficiency Center over the last 20 years, consisting of over 500 audit reports, numerous theses as well as manuals, references and books. The reasoning behind developing the reference is to open this vast knowledge base to the public, which will in turn promote the goals of moving the United States towards a more energy independent nation.

### Introduction

The goal of this project is to develop a comprehensive web-based reference regarding energy efficiency and conservation. The main body of information will draw from energy audit work completed by the Oregon State Energy/Efficiency Center over the last 20 years, consisting of over 500 reports, numerous theses as well as manuals, references and books. The reasoning behind developing the reference was to open this vast knowledge base to the public.
To accomplish this, several employees of the E/EC will gather and compile the various information needed to create the Energy Efficiency Reference. In order to accomplish this, a wiki-style method of collaboration will be utilized that will allow for contributors to easily add and update information. In order to expand the reference, experts from other universities around the United States will be asked to edit and add relevant content. Currently, 2 other universities, San Francisco State and the University of Missouri, have already committed to the project.
The development of this reference is important, especially as the energy efficiency field continues to grow and become more important. The amount of information that will be contained will greatly assist those working in industry, as well as academia, and hopefully allow for a more diverse dialogue to be opened by those already working in this sector. Similarly, the reference will act as a training manual for entities looking to learn advanced energy auditing and assessment techniques.
The Energy Efficiency Reference will mainly focus on subsystems, such as Compressed Air or Refrigeration. This is key as the most important aspect when doing an energy audit is dividing the large system into the smaller subsystems so that the assessment is easier to manage.

### Tasks

* Assign administrators to specific subsystems to act as editors for the site
* Port information from past IAC work to the new site
* Ensure that information is accurate and well organized

### Personnel

* Joe Junker - E/EC Director
* Cosmo Prindle - E/EC Operations Manager
* Michael Koch - E/EC Assistant Operations Manager
* Kevin Ng - SFSU Industrial Assessment Center
* Stephen Roderick
* Bryan Kilgore

### Budget

* Total: $4000
* Hours: 400
The hours will be spent organizing and compiling information on the following subsystems:
* Boilers & Steam
* Compressed Air
* Fume Hoods
* HVAC
* Refrigeration
* Lighting
* Motors
* Pumps & Fans
* Process Heating
* Solar
* Other

## Information

* http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/grant_proposals.html
# Energy Efficiency Reference/Industrial/General Assessment Concepts

* Preparation
* Utility Cost Analysis
** Energy usage trends:
*** heating and cooling loads - seasonally dependent
*** process loads - production dependent
*** fixed loads - base load
*** unusual changes
** Rate structure interpretation - kW draw and kWh consumption
** Incremental costs - projected energy costs
* Energy Balance
** End use breakdown
** Do system models fit with annual records?
* Mass Balance
* Collecting Data
** Anecdotal
** Observation
** Measurement
** Estimation
*** Includes consulting plant personnel
* "Making do with" (leveraging) available data
* First Estimates (SWAGs)
* Red Flags
* Rules of Thumb
* Seeing the Big Picture
* A Critical Mind
* Analysis
** Understanding the level of analysis you are planning / able to do