OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GENtle/Sequencing

The sequencing module allows to view the data recorded by a sequence analyser. The data is loaded by importing the appropriate .abi/.ab1 file.

## Display

The data is displayed in the main sequence window. The text window on the upper right shows data stored in the file. On the left side, the following display options for the sequence are available:
| Help lines | Gray vertial lines down from each sequence letter to the baseline. These can help to identify which letter belongs to which peak |
| Invert&complement | Shows the sequencing complement/inverted. Useful for Alignments |
| Scale height | Sets the height of the graphic display [unit in text lines] |
| Scale width | Sets the graphical points per data value. Default is 2; 1 would mean one pixel width per data point |
| Zoom | Sets the zoom factor for the data; useful to see small peaks |

## Toolbar

* Enter new sequence
* Open sequence
* Save sequence (see caveats)
* Copy sequence to clipboard
* Horizontal mode

## Caveats

* Editing works in overwrite-mode only
* Saving will only store the sequence in the database, not the sequencer data (the peaks), due to memory concerns.
# GENtle/Silent Mutagenesis

This dialog can find restriction enzymes that cut in a marked DNA sequence (context menu Selection/Show enzymes that cut here in the DNA module). It can also find alternate versions of the DNA which will translate into the same amino acid sequence, but contains a new restriction site (silent mutation). A chosen enzyme/mutation will appear in the sequence (DNA or primer, respectively) upon OK.
The results can be changed by
* changing which enzyme group to search
* limiting the number of times an enzyme may cut in the whole sequence
* limiting the number of mutations needed for a restriction site to manifest (PCR module only)
# GENtle/Sequence map

The sequence map is used by most GENtle modules. It shows sequences of DNA or amino acids, as well as primers, features, restriction sites and more. The basic behaviour, however, is always similar.

## Clicks

A double click usuaqlly opens the editor for the sequence.

## Context menu

The available functions in the context menu vary with the module the sequence map is used in, its state, and selection.
| Edit sequence | Turn on edit mode |
| Transform sequence | Invert and/or complement the sequence (DNA module only) |
| Limit enzymes | Limit enzymes so that only enzymes below a certain number of cuts in the sequence is shown (DNA module only) |
| PCR | Compare DNA map |
| Selection | Compare DNA map |
| Copy as image | Copies the sequence map as a bitmap to the clipboard (Caveat : Such a bitmap can take up a huge amount of memory, depending on the length of the sequence) |
| Save as image | Saves the sequence map in one of several image formats |
| Print sequence | Prints the sequence |

## Keys

The whole sequence can be marked by Ctrl-A. The Find dialog can be invoked by Ctrl-F. Both functions can also be called upon through a menu.
In the DNA and PCR modules, the amino acid reading frame can be toggled by keys like this:
* Ctrl-1 = reading frame 1
* Ctrl-2 = reading frame 2
* Ctrl-3 = reading frame 3
* Ctrl-4 = reading frame 1, complementary strand
* Ctrl-5 = reading frame 2, complementary strand
* Ctrl-6 = reading frame 3, complementary strand
* Ctrl-7 = all reading frames, one-letter code
* Ctrl-8 = known reading frames only (from the features)
* Ctrl-0 = hide amino acids
* Ctrl-W = three-letter code (not when displaying all reading frames)
* Ctrl-Q = one-letter code

## Edit mode

Display and edit mode can be toggled by F2 or the toolbar. During editing, the sequence display is maximized, and the DNA map is hidden, improving ease of edit. Depending on the current module, only some keys are allowed (in the DNA module, "A", "C", "G", and "T") by default; any other key will trigger a request to allow all keys for that sequence, for that session. The cursor can be moved similar to that in a text editor. Insert and overwrite mode can be toggled, except for some modules like PCR or Sequencing, where overwrite mode is mandatory. In these modules, backspace and delete are diasbeled as well.
When editing a primer in PCR mode, the "." key copies the base at the current position from the 3'→5' or 5'→3' sequence, respectively.

## Horizontal mode

In some modules, the sequence display can be toggled to horizontal. This can enhance visibility. Printing, however, is always done in standard ("vertical") mode.
# GENtle/Sequencing Assistant Dialog

The Sequencing Assistant can ease the comparison of sequencer data with an existing sequence. Given one or two sequencer data sets and a sequence to compare them to, the assistant will invert/complement the sequencer data if necessary, then align the sequences with the appropriate algorithm.
# GENtle/Tools and Dialogs

There are several tools and dialogs within GENtle:
* Ligation
* Options
* Databases (Open/save/manage)
* Import
* Enter sequence
* Sequence editor
* Restriction Assistant
* Projects
* Edit primer dialog
* PCR troubleshoot dialog
* Proteolysis assistant
* Printing
* Enzyme management
* Sequencing Primers
* Silent Mutagenesis
* Automatic annotation
* Alignment Appearance Dialog
* Find dialog
* Sequencing Assistant Dialog
# GENtle/Virtual Gel

A virtual agarose (DNA) gel can be generated or expanded via the Restriction Assistant. A new virtual gel will be created if none exists; otherwise, the existing one will be expanded.
Within the gel viewer, gel concentration can be varied. Also, labeling can be turned on/off. Gels can be printed, or saved/copied as an image.
The name of a lane can be changed by double-clicking on the lane.
You can chose one of several DNA markers. If your favorite marker is not there, you can file a feature request or add your own directly.
# GENtle/Web interface

The GENtle web interface lets you access DNA and amino acid sequences from NCBI, as well as publications listed at PubMed. The interface also covers BLAST searches.

## NCBI

Chosing Nucleotide or Protein, entering a sequence name/keywords, and hitting Search/ENTER will show the NCBI search results for that query. More results (if any) can be browsed with >>.
Double-clicking an entry will download and open the (annotated) sequence.

## PubMed

The PubMed option gives new entry fields for author(s) (written "Lastname Initials", separated by ","), and date limitations (years), as well as a result sort option.
Double-clicking an entry will open a web browser window with the respective PubMed abstract page.

## BLAST

Running a BLAST search for a DNA or amino acid sequence will open a new tab in the web interface, showing a countdown for the time the BLAST results are expected to arrive. Once loaded, the results are displayed as simple alignments.
Double-clicking an entry will open the found sequence.
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Mute

| Color | White |
| Level | 2 |
| Location | Pravoka |
| Price | 400 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
Mute is one of the few White Magic spells that is cast against enemies rather than allies of the caster. It attempts to silence all enemies, preventing foes from casting any spells (including AntiMute). However, it is a very difficult spell to which many creatures are resistant, so does not always succeed.
Mute can be cast by:
* Knight
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
* White Mage / White Wizard
Final Fantasy Origins: Silence
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Ruse

| Color | White |
| Level | 1 |
| Location | Coneria |
| Price | 100 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
A spell caster desperate to avoid enemy attacks often will use the Ruse spell. This spell creates a distraction that keeps enemies from being able to tell exactly where the mage is. Ruse does nothing to help the caster survive blows that do land, but many more blows may be dodged while under the protection of a Ruse. The Invisibility spell has a similar effect.
Ruse may be cast by:
* White Mage
* White Wizard
* Red Wizard
* Knight
Final Fantasy Origins: Blink
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Pure

| Color | White |
| Level | 4 |
| Location | Elfland |
| Price | 4000 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | Yes |
Pure is a curative White Magic spell that eliminates the ill effects of poison. The same effect can be achieved by the Pure Potion. The Pure spell works much like the spells Lamp, AntiMute, and Soft.
Pure can be cast by:
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
* White Mage / White Wizard
Final Fantasy Origins: Esuna
# Final Fantasy/White Mystic

White Mystics are locations where spells, specifically White Magic spells, are sold. This is the only way for magicians to learn new spells. White Mages, White Wizards, Red Mages, Red Wizards, and Knights are all able to use the services of the White Mystics.
The locations of the White Mystics and the spells that each sells are:
* Coneria
** Cure
** Harm (Dia)
** Fog
** Ruse
* Pravoka
** Lamp
** Mute (Silence)
** AntiLit (NulBolt)
** Invisibility
* Elfland (first store)
** Cure2
** Harm2 (Dia2)
** AntiFire (NulFire)
** Heal
* Elfland (second store)
** Pure (Esuna)
** Fear
** AntiIce (NulIce)
** AntiMute (Vox)
# Final Fantasy IV

Final Fantasy IV (originally titled Final Fantasy II with the North American Super Nintendo release) is the fourth game in the Final Fantasy series. The plot follows the quest of Cecil, as he seeks to recover the magic crystals in order to save the world from the evil that seeks to destroy it. It was first released on the Super Nintendo in 1991. Critics complained that the poor translation of the North American Super Nintendo release coupled with the less challenging gameplay made it inferior to the Japanese original.
It has since been re-released in the PlayStation compilations Final Fantasy Chronicles and Final Fantasy Collection, on the Game Boy Advance as Final Fantasy IV Advance, and on the PlayStation Portable in the compilation title Final Fantasy IV: The Complete Collection. In 2008, three years before the PlayStation Portable release, a 3D remake of the game was released for the Nintendo DS. For information on the 3D remake, see the Final Fantasy IV (3D remake) wikibook.
There are five different types of magic in the game: White, Black, Summon, Ninja, and Twin. In total, there are 24 White spells, 24 Black spells, 16 Summon spells, 6 Ninja spells, 2 Twin spells.

## Table of contents
### Walkthrough

* Opening Scene
* Beginning to Kaipo
* Watery Pass & Antlion
* Mt. Hobs to Fabul
* Mt. Ordeals
* Return to Baron
* Toroia and the Dark Elf
* Tower of Zot to the Underground
* Tower of Babil
* Tower of Babil - Part 2
* Sealed Cave
* To The Moon
* Giant of Babil
* Lunar Subterranean
* The Final Battle

### General information

* Story
* Gameplay
** Controls
* Characters
* Locations
* Enemies
** FloatEye
** Raven
* Items
* Armor
* Weapons
* Advance equipment
* Black Magic
** FireBomb
** Lit-Bolt
* White Magic
* Ninja Magic
* Call Magic
* Twin Magic

### Miscellaneous

* Crystal of Water
* Red Wings
* Cheats

## Further reading

* Final Fantasy IV on the Final Fantasy Wiki (Fandom)
* Final Fantasy IV on the Final Fantasy Wiki (finalfantasywiki.com)
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Lamp

| Color | White |
| Level | 2 |
| Location | Pravoka |
| Price | 400 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
Lamp is a simple curative White Magic spell that restores the power of sight to those who have been blinded. It works much like the spells Pure, AntiMute, and Soft.
Lamp can be cast by:
* Knight
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
* White Mage / White Wizard
# Final Fantasy IV/Bahamut
## Fly to Bahamut Cave

You can only attempt Bahamut if you have already defeated Leviathan in the cave of monsters. If you have done this you may continue. The moon is not a large area so it should not be to difficult to find Bahamut's cave. There is a circular plateau surrounded by another circular plateau. You must land on the outside circle with the ship, and then walk inside to the cave. Enter the cave.

## Traverse the Cave

In the first room, go down and take the first right you can. Continue down and to the right, following the path until you reach the next room. In the next room follow the path again, going to the left, up and to the right until you reach a thin path. When you reach this path, you will be forced into battle.

## Behemoth

These monsters are probably the toughest non-boss enemies you have faced so far. The key part about them is that for every attack you make on the behemoth, it will retalliate. So attacking with Rydia or Rosa's weapon would be foolish, as his attacks are quite strong. You will be able to continue through the cave once you defeat him. If you are struggling with these enemies, it would be best to leave the cave, and rest/save your game, as you will not need to defeat these again once you have done it once. If you can, use blink on all your characters, for once you do his attacks will usually miss.

## Onward through the cave

Go up from where you fought the behemoth to the next door. On the other side of this door, go down the path in front of you. Along this path you will run into 2 more behemoths before reaching Bahamut. Defeat them, exiting and saving when necessary.

## Bahamut

Defeating Bahamut is much simpler than it seems. He does not attack your party except for 1 devastating MegaNuke attack. He counts down as you are fighting, and when he reaches 0, he will unleash this attack, most likely destroying your whole party. However, by using Rosa to cast the Wall spell on several of your members, you will easily defeat him, as the spell will be redirected back onto him.. Use this technique while attacking with other members, and you will defeat him quickly. Once defeated, Rydia will be able to use the powerful Bahamut call spell.
# Future/Prologue
## The Advent of the Post-Modern Era

We are in the modern era, but it seems that in the near future this will shift to what futurologists commonly term the "post-modern" era, supposedly a world of dystopia or utopia. I here present a world that is neither: it is a continuation of our current world, though with many notable changes (that are not altogether complete) which help give pointers to the direction in which the world is going.
The Post-Modern Era breaks from the Modern Era in no particular event or Point of Divergence, but rather from a series of changes each of which are important but are not of cataclysmic significance. These changes take place in various contexts and can be categorized under "New World Order" (political), "Newly Under the Sun" (technological), "Crises Encountered and Countered", and "Reign of the Peoples" (social). These are by no means the only way in which the things can be divided, and generally they tie together to form a futuristic vision of the world that is moving together with all its parts in tandem rather than piece by piece.

## The Stages of Civilization

The Post-Modern Era can be considered the sixth of the seven stages of civilization:
* Classical Antiquity, ending with the collapse of the western roman empire.
* Middle Ages, ending with the Renaissance and spread of the printing press.
* Renaissance, ending with the Industrial Revolution.
* Industrial Age, ending with the World Wars.
* Modern Age, ending with various political, technological and social factors.
* Post-Modern Age, ending with the augmentation of human thought through technology, including the completion of the Human Mind Project.
* Transhuman Age
* If there are any stages beyond this, we do not yet know what it might be.

## So?

In the post-modern era, more so than ever, we need to analyze the different underlying forces behind the push toward the future and its political, technological, and social differences from the present. We need, more than ever before, to understand how current trends and past events may foreshadow similar yet different future occurrences. We need to prepare for the future, because the time when we could sit back idly and let the currents of change carry us is about to pass by—now the currents are far swifter, far more forceful, and if we do not prepare for them, all too soon the tidal wave of change will drown us.
# Fire on the Limestone Plains/Bush Fires/Bush Fire Season's The 1990's
## The 1990's Bush Fire Season's

Up to 1990 the record number of fires in a year for ACT Bushfire Service was around 160. In the 1990/91 bush fire season 280 fires were attended. In the 1993/94 bush fire season over 300 fires were attended. The 1997-98 Prescribed Bushfire Season started on the 1 October 1997, and finished on the 30 April 1998. Overall there were 24 TOBAN's called with over 670 incidents attended.

## The 1990/91 Bushfire Season

The Prescribed Bush Fire Season commenced on 1 November 1990 and was extended in the A.C.T. until midnight 14 April 1991. The Pre-Bush Fire Season (1 July to 31 October 1990) had 16 fires burning out a total of 93 hectares. There were 280 fires fought during the season, with 28 over 5 hectares.The largest in 6 years near Molonglo Sewage Treatment Works on 11 January 1991 burnt 598 hectares.

## 1997/98 A.C.T. Bushfire Season

The 1997-98 Prescribed Bushfire Season started early on the 1 October 1997, and finally finished on the 30 April 1998. There were 24 TOBAN's called with over 670 incidents attended.
* Hindmarsh Drive Symonston - 19 November 1997 burnt out around 10 hectares (25 acres)
* Mount MacDonald - Wednesday 26 November 1997 the fire burnt out around 6 hectares (15 acres) of pine plantation.
* Point Hut Crossinmg - 19 December 1997 burnt out 10 hectares (25 acres) of grassland.
* Gossan Hill - 19 December 1997 burnt out 15 hectares (38 acres) of grassland.
* Yass River Road (N.S.W.) 22 December 1997 the fire which started around 2.00pm at the junction of Yass River Road and Corrigans Road (20 km south-east of Yass), burnt out around 3000 hectares of pasture and scrub with some stock losses.
* Mount Taylor 24 to 27 December 1997 about 50 hectares (125 acres) of grassland/native (Eucalypt) bush was burnt out.
* Monaro Highway, Hume - 26 December 1997 the fire was reported at 2.25pm and burnt out 24 hectares (60 acres) of grassland and pasture.
* Dingi Dingi Range - 2 January 1998 the fire was started by a lightning strike late Thursday afternoon 1 January 1998 and burnt out 200 hectares (500 acres) of native (Eucalypt) forest.
* Melrose Pines - 28 January 1998 the fire was detected around 4.30pm and burnt out 60 hectares (150 acres) including 40 hectares (100 acres) in adjoining New South Wales and 10 hectares (25 acres) of pine plantation the rest was native (Eucalypt) bush and grassland. A number of properties were also threatened.
* Lower Molonglo River (Huntley) - 24 February 1998
* Lakes Road, Bungendore (NSW) - 13 March 1998 the fire started around 9.55am on the Lake Road in the vicinity of the "Douglas" property. and burnt out around 900 hectares (2250 acres) of pasture and native (Eucalypt) bush, with one structure lost and another damaged.
* Red Hill - 22 March 1998 burntout 25 hectares (63 acres) of grassland & native (Eucalypt) bush.

### References

* ↑ A.C.T. Bushfire Council Annual Report's
# Fire on the Limestone Plains/Bush Fires/John Gale Recollections
## John Gale - Recollection's

... The first bush fire in my remembrance was that of 1858. It swept all the country between Gininderra and Duntroon.
... Another extensive and extensive bush fire took place in 1865, where miles of log-fencing were destroyed in Gundaroo and Bungendore districts.
...In 1868 there was another serious outbreak of fire in the neighbourhood of Duntroon.
...in 1888 extensive fires caused great losses of property and litigation's ensured, the plaintiffs in every case obtained judgements.
... on 31st of December, 1904, and 1st January, 1905, the worst fire experienced in the district broke out.

## References

* ↑ Gale, John 1927, Canberra : history of and legends relating to the Federal Capital Territory of the Commonwealth of Australia, A.M. Fallick & Sons, Queanbeyan,N.S.W
# GIMP/Glossary

This is a glossary of the book.

## C
### channel

    There are two types. 1. A grayscale layer of a primary color. Channels depend on the image type. Channels in an RGB image would contain a Red channel, a Green channel and a Blue channel. Channels in a CMYK image would contain a Cyan channel, a Magenta channel, a Yellow channel and a Black channel. A grayscale image would only have one channel, a Gray channel. 2. A user created channel is a grayscale layer. They are often used to save selections.

## G
### Gaussian blur

    A filter that blurs an image.

### gradient

    A smooth blend from one color to another. They come in various shapes, but the most common is the linear gradient.

## J
### JPEG

    A lossy raster image format.

## L
### layer

    A part of an image, one which can be transparent, translucent or opaque, that, together with other layers, gets stacked up to form the image.

## M
### magic wand

    A tool for selecting areas of image or layer with the similar colour.

## P
### pixel

    A basic element of a raster image, having the shape of a single-colored square.

### PNG

    A lossless raster image format.
# GIMP/Index

This is an alphabetical index to the book.

## A

* Alpha channel

## C

* Caption a Picture
* Create a Balloon
* Create a Metal Effect
* Create a Stone Texture
* Colours
* Channels
* Colour Picker
* Curves Tool

## E

* Ellipse Selection
* External Tutorials
* Editing an Image

## F

* Foreground Select
* Free Selection
* Fuzzy Selection

## G

* Gradient

## L

* Lasso
* Layers
* Levels Tool

## M

* Color mode
* Magic Wand
* Move Tool

## P

* Colour Picker
* Pixelize

## R

* Rectangle Selection

## S

* Scissors

## U

* Unsharp Mask

## Z

* Zoom Tool
# The Basics

Shortcut: U
Fuzzy selection (also called 'magic wand') is a tool for selecting areas of image (or layer) with the same/similar colour. It is very important to pick the starting point correctly, or either you will get something completely different from what you want (well, not always, but usually yes). Wand is a good choice for selecting objects with sharp edges. It is also great for touching up selections, or selecting areas within some contour.
   * Modes - determines the way of creating the selection, whether it'll be combined with existing one and such
   * Antialiasing - causes the boundary of the selection to be drawn smoother
   * Feather edge - causes the boundary of the selection to be blurred
   * Select transparent areas - gives the ability to select areas completely transparent
   * Sample merged - creates a selection from actual image, instead from the active layer
   * Threshold - determines the range of colours
   * Select by - select, which component shall be used for calculating the similarity

## Modes, Antialiasing and Feather Edges

    See Selection Tools#Modes for information about Modes
    See Selection Tools#Antialiasing for information Antialiasing
    See Selection Tools#Feather Edges for information about Feather Edges option

## Select transparent areas

After selecting this option, the Free Selection tool will have the ability to select completely transparent areas. If this option is unchecked, transparent areas will never be selected.

## Sample merged

This option has any meaning when you have several layers on the image, and the active layer is either semi-transparent or set to another mode than Normal. If it is so, the colours present in the layer, will be different from the ones in the real image.

## Threshold

This slider determines the range of colours that will be selected at the moment of creation of the selection. Higher threshold - larger resolution. Note that with higher selection also bigger gaps are possible to be between the selections. After the first button-press (but before releasing it), dragging the pointer downward (or to the right) will increase the size of the selection, while dragging upward (or to the left) will decrease the size of it. Thus the first settings of threshold do not really matter, as you can modify them any time afterwards.

## Select by

This option will change the component that The GIMP will use for calculating the selection. The possible components are: Composite. Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation and Value.
← Free Selection · Selection by Colour →