OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Weatherization

Weatherization (American English) or weatherproofing (British English) is the practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements, particularly from sunlight, precipitation, and wind, and of modifying a building to reduce energy consumption and optimize energy efficiency. A house with no weatherization is virtually uninhabitable.
Weatherization is sometimes confused with, but is distinct from, insulation. However, insulation requires weatherization for proper functioning. Many types of insulation can be thought of as weatherization, because they block drafts or protect from cold winds. Whereas insulation primarily reduces conductive heat flow, weatherization primarily reduces convective heat flow.

## Weatherizing your home. Why you should care?

Buildings use one third of all energy consumed in the United States and two thirds of all electricity. Additionally, they are a major source of the pollution that causes urban air quality problems and pollutants that contribute to climate change. According to Dr. Richard Haut, Senior Research Scientist with the Houston Advanced Research Center, buildings account for “49 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions, 25 percent of nitrous oxide emissions, and 10 percent of particulate emissions, all of which damage urban air quality.”

## Table of Contents

* Weatherization Preparation
* Overview of weatherization procedures
* Sealing bypasses
* Water and Freeze Protection
* Ventilation
* Roofs
* Walls
* Installing or replacing doors and windows
* US Weatherization Assistance Program

## External links

* Houston Advanced Research Center
* Richard Haut
* The Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) Technical Assistance Center (WAPTAC)
* The WAP System for Identifying and Reviewing New Technologies and Techniques
* US EPA publication on home sealing
* Insulation and Weatherization Handbook
* Weatherization Information Portal
# We ♥ Katamari/Trash
## Page 1

| Trash | Description | Size to roll up |
| Vacuum Cleaner | This is always breathing in. We don't know when it's going to breathe out. | 1m11cm6mm |
| Dustpan | Used to gather and carry garbage somewhere else. | 34cm2mm |
| Store Dustpan | Gather and carry garbage with this. A little fancier than the home model. | 80cm2mm |
| Broom | An item for sweeping garbage. Apparently some people can fly with this, but We have never seen it. | 66cm3mm |
| Bamboo Broom | Drag the bristly bit on the floor to whisk away garbage. Goes great with dustpans. | 90cm8mm |
| Blackboard Eraser Cleaner | This sucks up white powder with incredible force. It makes a lot of noise for such an unimpressive task. | 41cm5mm |
| Dust Cloth | This occasionally releases an incredible smell, so be careful. | 30cm3mm |
| Dust Cloth Hanger | A hanger for drying cloths. Handkerchiefs and underwear are probably all right, too. | 1m35cm5mm |

## Page 2

| Trash | Description | Size to roll up |
| Cleaning Bucket | This can be filled with water. You can use it as a cup, but We wouldn't want to. | 70cm2mm |
| Bucket | This is mostly used for holding water. Some people like to wear it on their heads. | 77cm5mm |
| Toilet Plunger | You pump this up and down in the toilet to clean out the plumbing. It's not exactly pretty. | 57cm5mm |
| Old Magazines | Even if you throw them out, they can come back as new magazines. | 39cm0mm |
| Old Book | Some collectors go around in search of these. | 53cm2mm |
| Old Newspaper | Often reincarnated as a book or a roll of toilet paper. | 70cm9mm |
| Garbage | Packed full of unnecessary items. Entire islands have been made from this stuff. | 1m26cm1mm |
| Trash Bag | A bag filled with unwanted stuff. It's not a good idea to leave too much out on the curb. | 1m26cm1mm |

## Page 3

| Trash | Description | Size to roll up |
| Mandarin Peel | Tart and not very tasty. This usually gets thrown out. | 14cm2mm |
| Dustbin | Shooting a paper basketball in here would make anyone's day. | 53cm0mm |
| Trash Can (1) | Throw your garbage into this box. But separate your recyclables, first. | 87cm3mm |
| Trash Can (2) | It's transparent, so you can see everything that's inside. | 1m30cm2mm |
| Recycling Bin | A box for certain kinds of trash. Putting the wrong trash inside is bad karma. | 1m35cm1mm |
| Metal Trash Can | He really would have preferred being used as some kind of toy instead of just being a bucket. | 1m26cm2mm |
| Trash Can (3) | Holds a lot more than the indoor type. Not that having a lot of garbage is a pleasant thing. | 1m26cm2mm |
| Garbage Dump | A place to throw out unneeded things, but only on certain days. Lots of annoying rules surround this place. | 4m48cm5mm |
# We ♥ Katamari/Vegetable
## Page 1

| Vegetable | Description | Size to roll up |
| Carrot | Rabbits and horses love these, but eating them will not make you run faster. | 57cm0mm |
| Cucumber | A long, green vegetable. The really fresh ones have sharp spines. | 10cm9mm |
| Tomato | A bright red vegetable. Or is a fruit? We don't know anymore. | 16cm5mm |
| Eggplant | We are still waiting for it to hatch... | 17cm8mm |
| Onion | Everyone sheds tears when they chop one of these up with a knive. If it's that depressing, why cut it at all? | 21cm1mm |
| Sweet Potato | If someone around you is gassy, it's safe to assume he ate one of these. | 29cm4mm |
| Corn | A vegetable wrapped in leaves. It's a shame that most of it's inedible. | 36cm6mm |
| Bamboo Shoot | A food that shoots out from under the soil. It gets hard and inedible when it becomes an adult. | 48cm2mm |

## Page 2

| Vegetable | Description | Size to roll up |
| Turnip | Apparently, this isn't just a pudgy radish. | 58cm2mm |
| Daikon Radish | A white vegetable. Old ladies have legs this color. | 76cm9mm |
| Daikon Radishes | A bunch of white radishes. Tastes very plain, but rich in vitamin D. | 63cm8mm |
| Chinese Cabbages | A bunch of bunches of cabbage leaves. That's a lot of leaves. | 89cm9mm |
| Cabbage | A bunch of leaves. You peel, and you peel, and it's still just a bunch of leaves. | 74cm2mm |
| Squash | Too hard to eat as is, but boil it up and it's apparently quite sweet and tasty. | 50cm7mm |
| Yellow Squash | Friend to the squash. It may be yellow, but it tastes nothing like a banana. Don't be fooled. | 57cm4mm |
| Gigantic Pumpkin | A large pumpkin that couldn't transform into a carriage. | 1m95cm0mm |

## Page 3

| Vegetable | Description | Size to roll up |
| Big Turnip (RARE) | People used to train animals to uproot these legendary vegetables. Just one will satisfy everyone. | 18m93cm9mm |
# Weatherization/Installing or replacing doors and windows
## Installing or replacing doors and windows

When choosing new doors and windows:
* Replace solid core external doors with metal-clad, foam-core doors or fiberglass doors.
* Replace drafty single-glazed windows with efficient, low-E, double-glazed, insulated windows. Krypton is more insulating than argon, but windows with krypton cost more.
* Avoid metal-framed windows. Replace steel or aluminum windows with a wood, vinyl, or fiberglass windows. If you must buy a metal-framed window for some specific reason, make sure that there is a thermal break separating the inner half from the outer half.
* If you can't afford new double-glazed windows, keep your existing windows, and install year-round storm windows on the outside. You can open them and insert a bug screen in the warmer months. Alternatively, you can shrink-wrap polyethylene on the windows in the colder months with a hair dryer to trap air, you can install low-E film on the window panes, or you can install an "interior insulating window".
* In the attic, install double-glazed windows with built-in venting around the frame, so that you can close the windows in cold weather without stopping air from flowing through the attic.
When installing new doors and windows:
* Seal the gap between the window casing or nailing flange and the sheathing by applying a bead of exterior-grade caulk before attaching the window to the framing studs.
* Seal the gap between the window or door framing and the framing studs (the rough opening).
* Make sure new windows and doors have drip caps (flashing) above them to keep water away. If there are no drip caps, install them while installing the windows or doors.
* Be aware that all multi-pane windows will eventually lose their air-tight seal. Fog that appears on the interior of the window (between the layers of glazing) is an indication of leakage.
# Structural Biochemistry/Resting Potential
## Membrane Potential

Membrane potential is the voltage across the plasma membrane. The resting membrane potential is between -60 mV and -80 mV. There are steps in forming the resting membrane potential. First, the known concentration of K+ is 140 mM (millimolar) inside the cell and 5 mM outside of the cell and the Na$^+$ concentration is 150 mM outside of the cell and 15 mM inside the cell. Cl$^-$ concentration is 120 mM outside the neuron and 10 mM inside the cell. Such concentrations of chlorine, potassium, and sodium always remain constant because there is sodium potassium in the plasma membrane of the neurons. Also, ATP is used to transport ions against their concentration gradients to maintain the constant concentrations. For instance, ATP helps sodium to go out of the cell and potassium enter the cell. Since the exchange of ions occur at the concentration gradient, it is important to understand that the concentration of gradients of sodium and potassium across plasma membrane represent a chemical type of potential energy. In addition, ion channels in the selective permeability contribute to the electric potential of neurons. For example, there are K$^+$ channels and Na$^+$ channels. There are also ions that move through the membrane through these ion channels to generate a potential across the membrane. Consequently, the diffusion of K$^+$ through the potassium channels is very important for forming the resting potential because the outward flow of potassium results in the negative membrane potential of between -60 mV and -80mV. Excess negative charge inside the cell exerts an attractive force that stops the add’l flow of potassium ions outside of the cell. As a result, there is the creation of equilibrium potential which is the membrane voltage for a moving ion when it is at equilibrium. Nernst created an equation to calculate the resting potential of an ion:
E(ion)= 62mV(log [ion]outside/[ion]inside)
The resting potential for potassium is -90 mV. And the resting potential for sodium is 62 mV.
* ↑ Exchange of ions in the membrane.
# Structural Biochemistry/Retrovir/AZT
## Background Information

Structural biochemistry has lead to a greater understanding of HIV and has played a key role in the development of drugs that fight it; one such drug is zidovudine, or azidothymine (AZT), which has been sold under the name Retrovir, the first drug to be approved to help treat HIV. AZT is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, known as an NRTI. AZT is especially recommended for pregnant women with HIV/AIDS, since taking this drug during pregnancy and labor reduces the chance of mother-child transmission. Side effects include headaches, nausea, and discoloration of fingernails and toenails. More severe side effects include anemia and bone marrow suppression.
Once structural biochemistry recognized HIV as a retrovirus, previously discovered proteins in viruses became drug targets. Retrovir inhibits the action of one of the virus’ enzymes, reverse transcriptase, which makes a DNA copy of its own RNA, allowing it to replicate quickly and encode itself into our genome (which is why there can never be a “cure” for AIDS until we can find a way to cut out the virus’ DNA from our own). If reverse transcriptase is unable to make double stranded viral DNA, it is then unable to integrate its DNA into the genetic material of our cells. However, HIV does become AZT-resistant over time, so AZT is used in a “drug cocktail” in combination with other NRTI’s and protease inhibitors to most effectively combat HIV and AIDS in patients.

## Side Effects

Seek for medical help if you present one or more of the following symptoms below:
* hives
* swelling on your lips, face, throat or tongue
* difficult breathing
* severe muscle pain
* pale skin
* easy bruising
* unexplained weight loss
* pale skin
* loss of bladder control
* severe lower back pain
* liver problems
* pancreatitis
* severe skin reaction
Less severe symptoms may include:
* insomnia
* mild nausea
* constipation
* joint pain
* headache

## Incompatibility with other drugs

Retrovir might produce violent reactions if used with the medications below:
* doxorubicin
* ganciclovir
* interferon alfa
* phenytoin
* ribavirin
* drugs that weaken your immune system

## References

http://www.drugs.com/mtm/retrovir-injection.html Biochemistry, Sixth Edition, Berg. http://www.rxlist.com/retrovir-drug.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000869
# Structural Biochemistry/Reverse transcriptase

Reverse Transcriptase is an enzyme to make a DNA copy of an RNA molecule. It is used in retrovirus reaction where genetic information flows from RNA to DNA.
single stranded RNA --(reverse transcriptase to synthesize RNA to DNA)--> double stranded DNA-RNA hybrid --(reverse transcriptase is used again to degrade RNA)--> single stranded DNA transcript --(reverse transcriptase to synthesize the second strand of DNA)--> double stranded DNA
# Structural Biochemistry/Response to Medicine

Scientists and researchers believe that medicines produce an effect for less than half of those who take it. This is partly due to lifestyle and environmental factors, but it is primarily the result of genetic variants. The genes that make cytochrome P450 proteins are responsible for a medicinal effect in the body. These proteins metabolize hormones that our body produces and those that are foreign. Because every human consists of a different genomic sequence, the proteins that genes encode for also differ. This genetic variant can affect the way in which cytochrome P450 reacts and how the drug elicits an effect. Ultimately, the cytochrome P450 proteins process many of the drugs we take, therefore explaining the different responses to medicine between individuals.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/DoseResponse.png
The above picture is the Dose-Response curve that tells how much a drug (x-axis) causes effect in the body (y-axis). The region in between the blue and green curve is the desired effect and the region on the right side of the green curve is the side effect. Scientists study the relationship between the medicine and its effect on human body. Like how the image is showing, at first there is no effect when no drug is put in. The researcher then adds more drug into the system to see the effect on the body. If too much drug is taken, the body will reach its overdosing point and may face side effects. This image demonstrates the right amount of dose researchers are looking for while working with a drug.

## References

Berg, Jeremy M., ed. (2002), Biochemistry (6th ed.) New York City, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company
Davis, Alison Davis. Medicines By Design. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison. 2006.
* ↑ Berg, Jeremy M., ed. (2002), Biochemistry (6th ed.) New York City, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company,
* ↑ Davis, Alison Davis. Medicines By Design. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison. 2006.
# Structural Biochemistry/Ribosome Mediated Translation Initiation for Vesicular Stomatitus Virus

Negative sense viral mRNAs are translated while host mRNA are inhibited. However, unlike internal ribosome entry sites that bypass the cap dependent system, negative sense viral mRNAs are 5’ capped, polyadenylated, and structurally identical to the host mRNA. How does the host distinguish between cellular RNA and viral RNA?
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative strand virus that inhibits host protein synthesis by hypophosphorylation of the eIF4E-binding protein 1 causing sequestration of eIF4E and inhibiting 5’ cap dependent translation. It also diminishes the ribosomal pool by blocking export of pre-ribosomal RNA from the nucleus and inhibiting transcription of rRNA. It is still efficiently translated after these alterations in cellular machinery.
Through fluorescence microscopy of siRNA targeted screens for ribosomal proteins, it was found the rpL40 was responsible for viral translation. To determine the mechanism of translation control by rpL40, the formation of ribosomes on VSV mRNA was compared to a standard mRNA. It was found that the viral mRNA when depleted of rpL40 had no mRNA bound to 60S ribosomes indicating that rpL40 is a constituent of the large ribosome. The use of this mechanism is dependent on a cis-acting RNA element and reveals that the ribosome can act as a regulator of translation aside from its catalytic role.

## References

* ↑ Si-Ying Lee, Amy and Burdeinick-Kerr, Rebeca, and Whelan, Sean P.J. PNAS. A Ribosome-Specialized Translation Initiation Pathway is Required for Cap-dependent Translation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus mRNAs. October 2012.
# Swing Dancing/Collegiate Shag

Collegiate Shag has a few basic variations. The most popular is the 6-count Double Shag which uses a 'slow, slow, quick, quick' rhythm.
BASIC PATTERN: from the lead's point-of-view. (Follows, just mirror the Lead)
    Beat 1: STEP onto left foot.
    Beat 2: HOP on left.
    Beat 3: STEP onto right foot
    Beat 4: HOP on right.
    Beat 5: STEP onto left foot.
    Beat 6: STEP onto right foot.
Slow1&2, Slow3&4, Quick5, Quick6. The movements for 5&6 can be a shuffle-step, a run-in-place, or step-in-place. A familiar feeling is a jumping rope feeling. Be sure to do a full transfer of weight with the planted foot has all the weight.
POSITION: There is Solo, Open, Closed.
* Solo is when you break apart have have no physical contact with partner. You rely on visual cues and maintain the beats.
* Open is when you have a one or two handed hold, but are apart from each other.
* Closed is when Lead's left hand holds the Follow's right hand. Lead's right hand on the Follow's left shoulderblade. Body position is offset with Lead's right foot in-between the flows feet. Traditionally the hand-hold is held straight up in the air, but you can also hold the hands at the shoulder level.
KICK PATTERNS: from the lead's point-of-view. (Follows, just mirror the Lead) One can kick down, to the side, in front, to the back, or tap the ground.
    Beat 1: STEP onto left foot.
    Beat 2: HOP on left while kicking the right foot.
    Beat 3: STEP onto right foot
    Beat 4: HOP on right while kicking the left foot.
    Beat 5: STEP onto left foot.
    Beat 6: STEP onto right foot.
TURNS: The Follows can be turned with an outside, inside, a free, texas tommy, or pass-by turns patterns. Traditionally, the Follow turns on the Quick-Quick (2counts), but they can also spin during the Slow-Slow (4counts).
# Swing Dancing/Etiquette
## Dancing with different partners

Because swing is a social dance, one should seek to dance with as many different partners as possible, rather than focusing on a single partner. Even if a lead and follow came to the dance with each other, it is disfavoured for them to spend the entire night dancing only with each other. In the United States, it is typical to dance one song in a row with a partner, two songs in a row if the experience was particularly enjoyable. In Europe it is often considered rude to dance only once consecutively with a particular partner.

## Asking for a dance

Although traditionally a lead asks a follow for a dance, followers are encouraged to do the same. The person may either accept or reject the dance request. If the person rejects the dance, whether they might not feel like dancing or are reserving a dance for someone else, or they might be tired or just shy, thank the person anyway and ask someone else to dance. It is considered rude to decline an offer for a dance and then dance the song with another person -- unless you mention that you had the dance reserved and promise a later dance to the asker. To begin the dance, the lead should escort the follow onto the dance floor, with an arm behind the follow's back (though this is done less and less, and not at all in many scenes).

## After the dance

A lead or follow should thank their partner for the dance and, if desired, ask for another. If there is a live band, they should also be applauded for their performance. Traditionally, the lead should then escort the follow back to their seat; however, this tradition is not widely followed for various reasons, to the point that escorting a follow off the dance floor might be seen as unusual in many dance venues.
# Swing Dancing/Groucho

Grouchos are traditional Lindy Hop moves that cannot quite be categorized as either basic, side pass, swing out, or aerial dance moves. In grouchos, you and your partner move back and forth between two points, starting and ending in closed position. This move is often repeated several times.
Here's how to perform the moves:

## Forward Groucho

Begin in a closed position:
* On counts 1 and 2, rock step like normal.
* On counts 3 and 4, the lead moves the follow in front of him to face her, as they triple step.
* On counts 5 and 6, the lead walks forward and the follow walks backwards.
* On counts 7 and 8, the lead closes to the follow, and the follow remains in place, as they triple step.
* The couple ends in closed position facing where they started, a few steps away.
Spins: The lead and follow can both spin.
To Open (Lead Spin Out): On counts 5 and 6 (walk walk), the lead stands still or spins in place, so they move into open.

## Reverse Groucho

* On counts 1, 2, 3, and 4 they rock step and triple step, just like a swing out from closed.
* On counts 5 and 6, the lead walk walks backwards and the follow walk walks forwards.
* On counts 7 and 8, the lead triple steps in place and pulls the follow into closed, who triple steps as she moves.
Escorted Spin (Outer Turn): Reverse groucho with follow outer (usually free, sometimes overhead) spin on counts 5 and 6. They close on count 7 and 8.
Inner Turn: On counts 5, 6, 7, and 8, the follow moves like an inner turn swing out, but the lead closes to the follow on counts 7 and 8.
Apache Turn: On counts 5, 6, 7, and 8, the follow moves like an apache turn swing out, but the lead closes to the follow on counts 7 and 8.
To Open (Lead Open): On counts 5 and 6, the lead walks backward and leaves the follow in place, opening up space. On counts 7 and 8, they may style as they like. This resembles a swingout variation.

## Style

Stylings are independent of one's partner.
    Counts 5 and 6
       Head: Add pecking to match the step step.

## Variations

Variations require cooperation with one's partner.
Extend: Extend the middle with push-pulls. This is related to the Yo Yo.
Lead Spin: On the Escorted Spin and Inner Turn, the lead may also spin.
# Swing Dancing/East Coast Swing

* Guidelines for Editors: please read this before you add anything.
* Introduction
       Prologue: Welcome to Swing
       How to use this book
       Take Lessons!
       A note about move names and political correctness
       The 6-Count Basic
       Vocabulary: Essentials
       Under left arm turn
       Vocabulary: Part II (footwork)
       Triple Step
       Vocabulary: Part III (hand positions)
       The Swayze
       Headroll-dip-hop
       Minidrag
       Cuddle-Drop