OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Botany/Mycology

<< Contents Page | Chapter 9 | Chapter 10 | Chapter 11 >>
Chapter 10. Mycology ~ The Fungi

## Introduction

The Fungi (singular is fungus) are a large group of organisms treated within the science of Botany, but not really "plants" in the usual sense of the term. The Fungi are ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. That is, they have eukaryotic cells with distinct nuclei, although in some species divisions between nucleated "cells" are sparse. However, they all lack chlorophyll, and the species are saprophytic, parasitic or mycorrhizal. Included within the Fungi are the well known mushrooms, but the group also includes many microscopic forms, and fungi inhabit every environment on earth, perhaps second only to the bacteria (Chapter 7) in distribution.

## Structure

* Read Mycology (Follow all links)
* Read Fungi (The following links are included:)
** Mushroom
       Be sure to read about and understand each of the following terms: basidium, hyphae, mycorrhizae, psilocybin
* Botany Study Guide ~ Wiki Contents Table Section II Book Contents Page
* Chapter 7 - Plant Systematics ~ :Chapter 8 - Microbiology ~ Chapter 9 - Algae Chapter 10 - Fungi ~ Chapter 11 - Liverworts and Mosses Chapter 12 - Ferns ~ Chapter 13 - Fern Allies ~ Chapter 14 - Conifers Chapter 15 - Flowering plants I ~ Chapter 16 - Flowering plants II
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Wheel Dishing Gauge

It is important for the rim of a wheel to be exactly central in relation to the hub's axle. The wheel dishing tool is used to make a comparison between the distance from each end of the axle to each side of the rim.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Repair Stand

Though not essential, a stand to support the bicycle is very useful. A Black and Decker Workmate or similar does a fairly good job. The bicycle is turned upside down and held in the jaws of the Workmate. Cheap Workmate imitations don't have a wide base, so the original device with the wide legs is handy to prevent toppling. This is used especially for adjusting the gears or for fixing punctures, when the wheels need to be removed. It is also handy for any jobs involving removing the chain or working on the gears, since it brings the workspace up off the ground, hence the repairer does not need to crouch. A car-mounted bicycle rack can be used as a repair for some activities, particularly derailleur adjustments.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/T25 Torx Wrench

Torx T25 is the standard fitting for bolts securing disk brake rotors onto hubs, and hence this tool is required to tighten or loosen them.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Wheels and Tires
## See Also

   * Fixing a flat (AKA a puncture)
   * Inflating Tires
   * Truing a wheel (adjusting rims so that they don't appear to wobble as the wheels spin)
   * Fitting and Repair for Tubeless Ready Tyre on to Tubeless Ready Rim
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Starnut Driver

A starnut driver facilitates installing a starnut into a threadless fork.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Truing Jig

A truing jig, aka a wheel truing stand, facilitates the precise truing or building of a wheel. It consists of fork, similar to a bicycle's front fork, and callipers which allow precise measurement of the position of the rim.
It is possible to make your own truing jib. Start by getting an old bicycle fork and finding a way of supporting it. The easiest way is to find a sturdy box, and drilling a hole big enough to accommodate the fork column. The hole should be tight enough to firmly hold the fork and the wheel which will be supported. The fork is now upside down. It is possible to fashion some kind of true indicator or caliper using a nail or pencil attached on one leg of the fork. A metal strap that can be attached with a screw as a pencil or nail holder works best. I try to avoid using tape, string or rubber band since they have a tendency to move which could affect an accurate reading of the wheel's straightness. Straight wheels tend to turn smoothly without deviation when viewed from the front. I start by bringing the nail as closely as possible to the wheel rim. Turning the wheel by hand, warped wheels will occasionally touch the rim or show a large gap. Wheel spokes work by providing enough pull or release on both sides of the rim so that the rim remains straight. By loosening one spoke, the tension is strengthened on the other side and vice-versa. Ideally the spokes on both sides should be even to maintain optimum rim straightness. A sequence of tightening and loosening both sides of the spokes where necessary is the key to rim straightness.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/302
## Annotations

Nannan's Nickname for Joseph Nannetti, MP for Dublin College Green (1901–1915). See 115.32.
The Sluagh na h-Eireann (Errata) This should read: The Sluagh na hÉireann.
Sluagh na hÉireann (Irish) The Legion of Ireland, or The Irish Brigade. Sluagh na hÉireann was a patriotic body that promoted the revival of Irish games and customs. It has been described as: a short-lived nationalist federation designed to combine the energies of the GAA and the Gaelic League.
On 16 June 1904 Joseph Nannetti complained to Parliament on their behalf that Gaelic sports had been banned from the Phoenix Park by the Commissioners of Police, while the foreign sport of polo was permitted. The question was raised again on 30 June by Thomas O'Donnell, MP for Kerry West. Joyce has Nannetti ask his question on 17 June.

## References

* ↑ Mr Joseph Nannetti (Hansard).
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 341.
* ↑ Owen McGee & Harriet Wheelock (compilers), Sweetman Family Papers, National Library of Ireland, Dublin (2010), p. 86.
* ↑ Hansard 16 June 1904.
* ↑ Hansard 30 June 1904.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/298
## Annotations

pro bono publico (Latin) for the public good.
sobriquet (French) nickname. As a naturalized English word, sobriquet is often left unitalicized.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 338.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/301
## Annotations

Slan leat (Errata) This should read: Slán leat.
Slán leat (Irish) Goodbye. In Irish the literal meaning of slán leat is safety with you, or may you go safely. It is a valediction addressed by the person remaining to one who is departing. I am not aware of its ever being used as a drinking toast. The traditional Irish toast is Sláinte, which means Health! It is possible that Joyce is suggesting that the Citizen is not as fluent in the language as he would have us believe. See also 307.35.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 340.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/294
## Annotations

doyen (French) senior member. Joyce italicized doyen, which suggests that he intended it to be understood in its French acceptation rather than its English.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/296
## Annotations

the nec and non plus ultra (Latin) The Latin phrases nec plus ultra and non plus ultra both mean extreme point, summit, acme. The form nec plus ultra is commonly used in French, and ne plus ultra in English.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Oxford English Dictionary.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/297
## Annotations

fiancée (French) a woman who is engaged to be married. As a naturalized English word, fiancée is often left unitalicized.
entourage (French) one's attendants or followers. As a naturalized English word, entourage is not usually italicized.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/299
## Annotations

a chara (Irish) friend. This is the vocative case of the noun cara.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 339.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/295
## Annotations

Gladiolus Cruentus (Latin) Gladiolus cruentus is the scientific name for a flowering plant known as the blood-red gladiolus on account of the colour of its flowers. The plant is a native of South Africa. Its name could be translated as little blood-stained sword, appropriate for the favourite flower of an executioner.
When identifying a species through its scientific name, it is now modern usage to capitalize the genus (Gladiolus) but not the species (cruentus). See also 284.13.
hoch (German) noble, sublime. Hoch is used in German toasts and salutations. The German for Long live the king! is Hoch lebe der König, while Hoch der Kaiser! means Up the Kaiser!
banzai (Japanese) ten thousand years. Banzai is used as both a battle cry and a salutation to the emperor.
eljen (Errata). This should be spelled éljen.
éljen (Hungarian) long live...! This is the third perlson singular, present subjunctive indefinite of the verb él (to live).
zivio (Serbo-Croatian). This should be spelled živio.
živio (Serbo-Croatian) long live...!, cheers!. This is the optative mood (here identical to the active past participle, masculine singular) of the verb žívjeti (to live).
chinchin (Pidgin English) This is a traditional salutation and toast from the Far East. Chinchin is probably of Chinese origin.
polla kronia (Modern Greek) many happy returns. The usual form in Modern Greek is χρόνια πολλά, so perhaps Joyce's text could be amended to: khrónia pollá.
hiphip (American) From hip hip hooray.
vive (French) long live...!
Allah (Arabic) God. As an interjection' Allah! is generally used to express surprise, not to acclaim a leader.
evviva (Italian) long live...!

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 335-336. Gifford calls it a fictional species, but it was identified by the British botanist Thomas Moore in the 19th century.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 336.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/303
## Annotations

Na bacleis (Errata) This should read: Ná bac leis.
Ná bac leis (Irish) Never mind that.
Brian O'Ciarnain's (Irish) Barney Kiernan's. This is, in fact, a macaronic mixture of Irish and English. The Irish form of the name Bernard Kiernan is, Brian Ó Ciarnáin.
Sraid na Bretaine Bheag (Errata) This should read: Sráid na Breataine Bheag.
Sráid na Breataine Bheag (Irish) Little Britain Street. This means Britain Street Little, rather than The Street of Little Britain, though it is probably fair to say that Joyce set this episode on this street on account of the pun: the New Ireland the Citizen and his ilk wish to establish is just a Little Britain. In Irish, Little Britain (an Bhreatain Bheag) actually means Wales or Brittany.
Sluagh na h-Eireann (Errata) This should read: Sluagh na hÉireann. See 302.27.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 342.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 342.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 342.
* ↑ Little Britain Street.
# Adventist Adventurer Awards and Answers/Crayons And Markers

* Crayons And Markers
* Eager Beaver

## How are crayons made? What are the eight main colors of crayons and markers?

The two basic ingredients for a crayon are:
* Pigment
* Paraffin wax, stored in heated 17,000 gallon tanks
The mixture is heated until it melts into a liquid. The liquid is poured into a preheated mold full of hundreds of crayon-shaped holes. Cool water is used to cool the mold, allowing the crayon to be made in 3 to 9 minutes.
See video - How Crayola crayons are made

## What are crayons made of?

Wax

## What happens if a crayon gets hot?

It will melt.

## Name a boy who had a coat of many colors.

Joseph

## Draw or color a picture of Joseph and his coat.

Joseph's Coat Coloring Page1
Joseph' Coat Coloring Page2

## Why do markers need a cap?

Because they are made of alcohol and they wiil dry out without a cap.

## Where should you use markers? Where should you not use markers?

Markers should be used to color pictures and on paper and they should not be used on your skin or on the walls or floor.

## Draw or color two of the following with markers or crayons
#### animal or birds
#### rainbow

In First Palette you will fine a copy of a

#### your house
## Know nine colors.

* Red
* Orange
* Yellow
* Green
* Blue
* Purple
* White
* Grey
* Black
* brown

## Color Chant

If you’re wearing RED, Put your hands on your head.
If ORANGE is what you wear, Then touch your hair.
If you’re wearing BLACK, Then touch your back.
If you’re wearing WHITE, Squeeze your hands real tight.
If you’re wearing BROWN, Touch the ground.
If you’re wearing PURPLE, Say, “Murple gurple.”
If you’re wearing GREEN, Wash your hands real clean.
If you’re wearing YELLOW, Wave to your fellow.
If you’re wearing BLUE, Put your hands on your shoe.
You’re all looking mighty fine, And that’s the end of the color rhyme.
If you’re wearing PINK, Then think and think.
If you’re wearing GRAY, Have a nice day.
vteAdventist Adventurer Awards :
# Adventist Adventurer Awards and Answers/Cupcakes and More

* Cupcakes and More
* Multi-Level

## Make a card with a Bible verse on it to give away with the cupcake

vteAdventist Adventurer Awards :
# Adventist Adventurer Awards and Answers/Delightful Sabbath

* Delightful Sabbath
* Multi-Level

## Read Exodus 20:8-11, Isaiah 58:13-14, and Isaiah 66:22-23 and answer the following:
### What day of the week is Sabbath?

Saturday, the seventh-day Sabbath.

### What is the first word of the 4th Commandment?

Remember....

### Whom does the 4th Commandment say created everything?

The Lord Your God.

### Will the Sabbath ever cease to exist? Explain.

No. It is a sign of God's blessing covenant forever.

### Based on what you read, why should we look forward to the Sabbath?

Discussion based answer, several great answers will be supplied by the children!

## Decorate a Sabbath box and place items inside that will help make your Sabbaths more enjoyable. Some examples are:

Sabbath boxes are those places where children store special games and activities that can only be used/played with on Sabbath. It may be a rubbermaid/clear storage box or basket. The goal is to create something that they look forward to opening on Friday evening.

### Your ideas
## Complete two or more of the following projects that can be added to your Sabbath box:

These activities should be family-based activities with a simple report to the person “checking off” the requirement.

### Make a Sabbath/Creation-themed mobile with colorful beads and nature items
## Tell a friend some of your favorite things about Sabbath and show your Sabbath box to them.

This may be a simple “pair-share” activity. Pair-shares have the two partners face each other (sitting preferred, criss cross applesauce!). The leader asks the question, then each person has about 30 seconds to answer the question. RAPID paced questions are essential to the fun!

## Have a “Welcome Sabbath” get together on Friday night with some friends, Adventurer families, or your own family at home.

Have a vespers at the church where all the kids bring their Sabbath Boxes and demonstrate/share something their family is using out of the box to make Sabbath special. Other ideas include: having a Friday evening “traditions of our Friday night” meal together. Each family brings an item that is/will be a family Friday night meal tradition. Celebrate the intentionality that families are doing to help make Sabbath special for their children.
# Adventist Adventurer Awards and Answers/Cyclist

* Cyclist
* Builder

## Earn the Road Safety Award.

Instructions and tips for earning the Road Safety honor can be found in the Sunbeam section.

## Demonstrate

a. How to keep the bike clean
b. How to safely ride the bike
c. Turn signals while riding
d. How to take care of the bike

## Participate in a bike activity

Plan an "Adventurer Bike Derby Day". This is a fun activity that you can do not just for Builders, but for all age Adventurers.
    - Bicycle Derby Stations pdf
    - Check out list pdf
    - Bike ID (Front)pdf
    - Bike ID (Back)pdf

## Do a five mile bike ride

You may combine "Bike Derby Day" activity with this one. Let the Builders ride 5 miles and the other kids less time depending on their age.
Here is a suggestion mileage by class level:
Little Lambs - 1/2 to 1 mile
Eager Beavers - 1 to 2 miles
Busy Bees - 2 to 3 miles
Sunbeams - 3 to 4 miles
Builders - 5 miles
Helping Hands - 5 miles or more

## External Resources

NHTSA (Bicycles) Retrieved May 10, 2010
All about bikes at Bike/Cornell Retrieved May 11, 2010
Bike Cornell Education An Organizer’s Guide to Bicycle Rodeos PDF Retrieved May 11, 2010
Helmet R Us great ideas for Rodeo Signs PDF Retrieved May 11, 2010
vteAdventist Adventurer Awards :
# Adventist Adventurer Awards and Answers/Dinosaurs
## Discuss and/or look at the pictures of the evidence of dinosaurs that have been found:

* Bones & teeth
* Fossilized skin impressions
* Coprolite (dinosaur poop)
* Footprints
# Adventist Adventurer Awards and Answers/Environmentalist

* Environmentalist
* Helping Hand

## Recite Genesis 1:26. Explain our role in protecting wildlife.

* Genesis 1:26 (NIV)
* Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground."
Discover your responsibility to helpcare for God’s world.

## In your area

    a. What causes pollution, and list ways you can prevent pollution.
    b. Investigate how and why the pollution happened.
    c. Explain how you can keep from polluting water.
    d. What dangers threaten the quality of air.

## Participate in one of the following community activities to help clean the environment

    a. Take part in Earth Day events
    b. With your group help clear the trash from a roadside or stream
    c. Help collect paper, cans or other materials for recycling.
Earth Day Creation Lapbook Lapbook Cover
Creation worksheet
He got the whole world
He made me
All about me
Creation memory match 1
Creation memory match 2

## External Resources

Adventurer Manual - http://www.kfw-adventurers.org/HelpingHand/Grade_04_Environmentalist.pdf
Bible NIV - http://www.biblegateway.com/versions/New-International-Version-NIV-Bible/
Endangered and Threatened Species of Texas - http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/endang/index.phtml
Texas Endangered Species Activity Book- http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_bk_w7000_0023.pdf
vteAdventist Adventurer Awards :
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Wandering Rocks/219
## Annotations

Ma! (Italian) But!
Anch'io ho avuto di queste idee ... quand' ero giovine come Lei. Eppoi mi sono convinto che il mondo è una bestia. É peccato. Perchè la sua voce ... sarebbe un cespite di rendita, via. Invece, Lei si sacrifica. (Italian) I too have had this idea ... when I was young like you. I am even convinced that the world is a beastly thing. It's a pity. Because your voice ... would be a source of income, you know. But instead, you sacrifice yourself.
Sacrifizio incruento (Italian) A bloodless sacrifice.
Speriamo... Ma, dia retta a me. Ci rifletta (Italian) Let us hope... But, listen to me. Think about it. Gabler emends this to: Ma, dia: retta a me, which makes no sense. In The Little Review dia occurred at the end of a line and was joined by a hyphen to retta, which also makes no sense. The 1922 text, however, is good Italian and needs no emending. Artifoni is using the third person singular imperative of dare (dia retta a me = give heed to me); in Italian the third person singular is used as a polite form of address.
Ci rifletterò (Italian) I'll think about it.
Ma, sul serio, eh? (Italian) But do you really mean to, eh?.
Eccolo... Venga a trovarmi e ci pensi. Addio, caro (Italian) Here it is [his tram]... Come and see me and think about it. Goodbye, my dear fellow.
Arrivederla, maestro... E grazie (Italian) Goodbye, master... And thank you. Stephen uses the more formal arrivederla in place of the commoner arrivederci.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
* ↑ The Little Review, Volume 6, Number 2 (June 1919), p. 42.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 266.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Wandering Rocks/210
## Annotations

Vere dignum et iustum est (Latin) It is truly fitting and just. Father Conmee's pun on Paddy Dignam's surname is taken from the opening phrases of the various Prefaces that are intoned as part of the Eucharistic Prayer in the Catholic Tridentine Mass. After the introductory response, most prefaces continue, Vere dignum et iustum est, æquum et salutare, nos tibi semper et ubique gratias agere: Domine, sancte Pater, omnipotens æterne Deus (It is truly fitting and just, right and for our salvation, always and everywhere to give Thee thanks, Lord, Holy Father, Almighty and Eternal God.).
The words Father Conmee quotes also occur in the Exultet or Easter Proclamation, which Stephen invoked at 050.04-05.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 260. Thornton (1968) 221.
* ↑ Missale Romanum 278 ff.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Wandering Rocks/214
## Annotations

That book by the Belgian jesuit, Le Nombre des Élus (French) The Number of the Elect. The Belgian Jesuit that Father Conmee is thinking of is Auguste Castelein SJ, author of Le Rigorisme, le nombre des élus et la doctrine du salut (Rigorism, the Number of the Elect and the Doctrine of Salvation), which was published in Brussels in 1899. Castelein argued that the number of the Elect would be much greater than the number of the damned.
eiaculatio seminis inter vas naturale mulieris (Latin) Ejaculation of semen within the natural female vessel. This is a technical definition of sexual intercourse. In his notes to his stageplay Exiles, Joyce writes, concerning the adultery of Bertha:
Although Joyce ascribes the Latin phrase to the Fathers of the Church, the question of adultery and what precisely constituted adultery exercised the minds of many 19th-century Catholic theologians. Joyce's immediate source for the phrase may have been Casus de Matrimonio by the Jesuit priest and professor of moral theology Maurice M Matharan. A heavily underlined copy of this Latin treatise was in Joyce's library.
Another possible source is Onanisme by Dr Paul Garnier. Garnier quotes the theologian Nardi when defining the act of onanism:
Garnier: Onanisme :
| Effusio seminis extra vas per voluntarium et violentam copulae interruptionem ad generationem impediendam. | The ejaculation of the semen outside the vagina by the voluntary and violent interruption of copulation in order to prevent conception. |
See also 687.28-29 and 687.33-34, where the phrase recurs in English translation.
Moutonner (French) To be flecked with fleecy clouds. The word is derived from mouton (sheep).

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 263. Thornton (1968) 223.
* ↑ Auguste Castelein, Le Rigorisme, le nombre des élus et la doctrine du salut.
* ↑ Joyce, James (1979). Exiles. London: Panther Books. p. 156. ISBN 0-586-04806-5.
* ↑ Matharan, Maurice M (1893). Casus de Matrimonio: fere quingenti quibus applicat et per quos explicat suá Asserta moralia. Paris: Victor Retaux et Filius.
* ↑ Brown, Richard (1990). James Joyce and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36852-9.
* ↑ Garnier, Paul (1885). Onanisme. Paris. Ellmann, Richard (1977). Consciousness of Joyce. Paris: Oxford University Press.
* ↑ Gifford (1988) 264.