OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Story of Rhodesia/Important Notes

This is a list of important notes that must be taken into account while reading this book:
* There are no any written records of the pre-colonial era, so the information about the community at that time is incomplete, and based on archeological finds only. This is also why this book only gives general information about how life was in the pre-colonial era. It does not go into detail about all the events that happened in this era.
* The Second Matabele War is known by some as The First Chimurenga, with the Rhodesian Bush War being the Second Chimurenga. The First Matabele War is known by those people as simply the Matabele War. (Chimurenga means revolutionary struggle or uprising in Shona.)
* The Matabele are also known as the Ndebele. Their name for themselves is amaNdebele which is the plural of Ndebele. The name Matabele comes from the word amaNdebele.
* A laager is a temporary fortification made out of wagons in a circle (or any other shape). They were also used in the old west where they were called corrals. (laager is a word in Afrikaans).
# The Story of Rhodesia/Kingdom of Batua
### Introduction

The Kingdom of Butua (also spelled Butwa) was a kingdom in what is today South Western Zimbabwe. It emerged after the collapse of Great Zimbabwe and was governed by the Togwa Dynasty until 1683, when it was conquered by the Rozwi Kingdom. It was first mentioned in Portuguese records as Butua in 1512.

### Great Zimbabwe and Khami

Khami was the capital of Butua, and its ruins are located 22 km west of Bulawayo. It is suggested that the Torwa were rebels of the Kingdom of Mutapa. Archeologists pointed out the Khami’s architecture was based on the architecture of Great Zimbabwe. However, there are some notable differences, for example: the type of stone used in Khami was harder to quarry than the type of stone used in Great Zimbabwe and formed shapeless stones, making it impossible to build dry walls, a feature of Great Zimbabwe.

### Trade with Portugal

Apart from the architecture, Butua was also notable for its trade, and the 15th century was the age of discovery, and while Khami was being built the Portuguese succeeded in destroying the existing Arab-Swahili trade system and seizing the port of Sofala. Then, they started trading with kingdoms further inland, including Butua. Archeologists found a diverse range of objects in Khami from many different places like China and India.

### The fall of Khami

In the 1640s, there was a political dispute among the Torwa rulers that escalated to a Civil War. The Portuguese seized this opportunity and sent an army. This resulted in the fall of Khami; however the Torwa stayed in power until the 1680s in their new capital, 150 km east of Khami.

### References

* ↑ Khami – Capital of the Kingdom of Butua - Heritage Daily archived from original: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2020/06/khami-capital-of-the-kingdom-of-butua/133756
* ↑ Butua - Britannica archived from original: https://www.britannica.com/place/Butua
* 1 2 3 The Ancient Khami Ruins in Zimbabwe: the Capital of the Kingdom of Butua - Ancient Origins archived from original: https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-ancient-places-africa/ancient-khami-ruins-zimbabwe-capital-kingdom-butua-003555
# The Story of Rhodesia/Authors and Contributors

Here is the list of users that have contributed to this wikibook:
* Dino Bronto Rex (discuss • contribs)
* ElfSnail123 (discuss • contribs)
* Gifnk dlm 2020 If only Middle English Wikipedia could be saved(talk)
If you have contributed to this wikibook, please add your name to this list.
# Self-Reliance Handbook/Cordwood Masonry

Cordwood Masonry
This construction method can be used as a survival technique or to create a long-term home. The practice differs from creating a log cabin in that the logs are typically cut to 12 or 16 inch lengths and instead of being placed end to end are placed much the same as stacking wood to burn. The improvement comes when one uses a type of mortar to create a seal around the wood and acts as though the wood was a brick.
Increasing the length of wood can increase the thermal mass of the wall. However in cold climates the greatest concern would be the ceiling and roof. This is not an improvised shelter. While the home can be built for next to nothing, proper construction will require a good saw for extended use. If the only tool you had was a hatchet you may be better off building a cabin or hogan.
A good combination of clay soil and some type of dried grass can make a great mortar. This may sound like a poor quality home for people living in "modern housing" but don't be fooled. If built as to keep water away from the home especially these homes can last hundreds of years. They have the same failing as all other homes made of wood. Once the wood is wet termites can infest it. Wet wood will also draw carpenter ants.
Structurally, this type of home can be very resilient to bad weather and debris hitting the home. The outside walls on these homes is very thick. If you have the time this home can be built for almost no out of pocket expense and can be fitted at some expense with any modern convenience.
# Self-Reliance Handbook/Debris Hut Construction

A strong ridge pole and a good location are the first steps to the debris hut. Make sure the area is high and dry to avoid any problems with water drainage during a storm. The area was checked for abundance of material and possible hazards. (i.e. poisonous plants, insects, deadfalls, widow-makers, etc.) Direction is noted for the door. Look closely; you may find my tracks in a thin layer of debris under the ridgepole.
Next, sticks are placed as ribbing along both sides of the ridge pole. This is done after I have laid down and measured the interior. Note the door opening near the sapling facing east or slightly southeast.
A good alternative to starting this method that is even easier to make is just to lean sticks against a big long log, fallen tree or rock.
Still more sticks are placed to hold the debris up. More dry debris is also stuffed in the interior for comfortable bedding that lifts you off the cold ground. This is also a good time to roof off your entryway by placing four forked sticks into the ground at the desired height, and ribbing the top with a network of sticks.
Start piling on debris thick and high. Note the steep walls for shedding water.
The finished product! The walls are about 2 feet thick, good for a 20 degree night. This was probably my 10th debris hut. It took about 2 hours from start to finish. The rather speedy time (for me anyway) was no doubt due to the extraordinary abundance of material in this beautiful transition forest.

## Sources

Debris Hut Construction
Article originally written by Matt Pinkham
# Self-Reliance Handbook

This handbook is intended as a reference for everything necessary for a person or group to become self-sustaining in every way possible. It will include information and links to other books which are useful in the obtaining of this goal. In each category information will be organized from less complex and sophisticated methods to ones requiring more sophistication. For example, in the section on construction of shelters the first entry explains how to construct a makeshift temporary structure out of sticks and leaves, while later entries discuss more permanent building methods including ones capable of withstanding hurricane force winds. Because this is such a broad topic, and will doubtless cover information which is available in other books, each section will contain a subsection for linking to other applicable books on the subject being addressed. This will prevent unnecessary work and redundancy.

## Table of contents
### Housing and shelter

Your primary consideration in housing type for self-reliance will be what type of building materials are available to you. Once you have established that move on to consideration of how long you will choose to stay in that location.
Temporary shelters are easy and fast to construct and even with several weeks in a location are easy to maintain. Long term shelters need more forethought and care during construction.
All shelters should be built with at least two doors so that you are not trapped inside the shelter. Depending on your situation even more consideration to getting out of the shelter could be prudent.
* Debris Hut Construction
* Snow Shelter Construction
* Rock Construction
* Ferrocement Construction
* Cordwood Masonry

### Sanitation

* Purifying Water
* Disposal of Human Waste
* Washing Clothes
* Making Soap

### Food and farming

* Gathering Edibles
* Vegetable Growing Guide

### Tools and manufacturing

* Simple Oil Lamps

### Communication and records
## See also
### Other Wikibooks

* Outdoor Survival
* First Aid
* Cookbook
* Raising Chickens

### Wikiversity

* DIY home electricity system
* Compressed air kit car
* Domestic house food production system
* Low-cost, tropical, private food production system
* Underground refrigerated storage room
* Survival wallet
* Simplified DIY Rooftop Wind Turbine
* General house construction
* Resealable barrel for drinks

### Wikipedia articles

* Microgeneration article

## References

Much of this information is being imported from the public domain library of information at the Institute for Appropriate Technology
# Sidux/Useable applications/Audio players

    I will show you a few audio players now.

## Exaile

    Exaile is a small but fully useable player similar to amarok, works on GTK+ libraries.
    Exaile can play music from local discs, CD's and DVD's and internet.
    1. Install it from repositories:
    2. Run it from: Menu-> Multimedia-> Exaile Music Player.
    3. After first run application can search your discs to add all music files to it's library.
    4. To choose music to play just drag and rop off theme from left tabs: Collection, Playlist, Files or Radio.
    5. If you'd like to add plugins to the player go to: Edit tab-> Plugins.
    Exaile home page: http://www.exaile.org/
    On Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaile

## Amarok

    Amarok is probably the best audio player for Linux.
    It's installed with KDE environment as default.
    Amarok can open audio files from local discs, CD's and DVD's, internet, iPod's players, iRiver's players,
    can receive lyrisc and covers and integrates with Wikipedia.
    1. Installation:
    2. Run it: Menu-> Multimedia-> Amarok.
    3. If you created KWallet password before - use it, if not create new one.
    4. Choose your music folder to add them to the library.
    5. To open a music file or folder choose it from left side such as: Local Music, Internet, Playlist or Files
    and drag them and drop off to the right side.
    Amarok home page: http://amarok.kde.org/en
    And on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarok_%28software%29

## Audacious

    Next quite interesting player is Audacious.
    It supports most known audio files, it has it's own codecs and Winamp 2 skins can be used for it.
    Installation:
    2. To run it: Menu-> Multimedia-> Audacious.
    3. sidux uses Alsa sound system so the first thing to do is changing audio output plugin:
       Preferences-> Audio-> Audio System.
    4. Audacious hasn't many skins so if you want to get more download theme from: http://www.customize.org/winamp2/skins
       a. Downloaded "skin_packege.wsz" file (can be extracted) move as root to folder:
       b. Next go to the player Preferences-> Skined Interface
       and choose new one.
    Audacious home page: http://audacious-media-player.org/
    On Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audacious_Media_Player

## Others

* Rhythmbox: http://projects.gnome.org/rhythmbox/
* Benshee: http://banshee-project.org/
* XMMS2: http://wiki.xmms2.xmms.se/wiki/Main_Page
* Bluemindo; http://bluemindo.codingteam.net/
* BMPx: http://bmpx.backtrace.info/
# Sidux/Useable applications/Anonymity network
## Tor (The Onion Router)

    Tor is a virtual computers network makes almost anonymoust internet access.
    It can be used with web browsers, instant messengers or IRC networks.
    But some internet providers can block access to Tor network.
       1. To have the lastes version of Tor add Tor project repositories:
       2. Next receive public key:
       3. And install "tor" and "polipo" packages:
       4. Download "polipo" config file from the project page (Save link as...):
          https://svn.torproject.org/svn/torbrowser/trunk/build-scripts/config/polipo.conf
       5. Change the file name from "polipo.conf" for "config".
       6. Move it out as root to folder :
       7. Re-start polipo with command as root:
       8. Install "Tor Button" add-on for Iceweasel web browser from: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2275/
          and re-start Iceweasel.
       9. Check your IP address for example here: http://www.checkip.org/
       10. Then click on the TOR button (or an onion icon) in down right corner and check IP again ;-)
       More about Tor project on home page: http://www.torproject.org/index.html.en
       And on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_%28anonymity_network%29
# Sidux/Solving problems

    I think everybody can agree with me if I say there is not any perfect Operating System exist at all.
    But sincerely I have to say when I changed my OS for Debian that problem disappeard themselve.
    That's why (no problems) I decided to spend my free time to write this book.
    But...
    When problems come to you, this book can't solve theme because it's not the book destiny.
    If you can't find answers for yours questions in the book I propose to look for on Wiki's, FAQ's,
    forums web pages or just type your problem in any web search page.
    Somebody had the same problem before like you and someone else has published an answer for sure.
    Anyway to make Linux, Debian and sidux matters closer I propose to check a few web sides
    having some informations to use:
   * Official sidux manual page: http://manual.sidux.com/en/welcome-en.htm
   * sidux forum: http://sidux.com/index.php?module=PNphpBB2
   * sidux wiki: http://sidux.com/index.php?module=Wikula
   * Debian support page: http://www.debian.org/support.en.html
   * Debian wiki: http://wiki.debian.org/
   * Debian users forum: http://forums.debian.net/
   * Linux.com/sidux page: http://www.linux.com/archive/feed/60526
   * AboutDebian page: http://www.aboutdebian.com/
   * Debian Planet page: http://planet.debian.net/
   * OpenMoko page: http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Debian
   * PolishLinux.org page in English: http://polishlinux.org/
   * Polish Debian Documentation Project page: http://debian.linux.org.pl/en/index.html
# Sidux/Useable applications

    I recommend all the applications but you can choose different ones ;-)

## Network

* Web browsers
* E-mail clients
* Instant messangers
* VoIP telephony
* Download managers
* P2P file sharing
* Ftp clients
* HTML editing
* Local networks managing
* Local computers connecting
* Anonymity network

## Multimedia

* Codecs and fonts
* Video players
* Audio players
* Audio and video editing
* Sound mixers
* Burning CD and DVD

## Office

* Text editors
* Office suites
* PDF readers

## Graphic

* Image viewers
* Image editors
* Photos album maker

## Virtualization

* Java virtual machine
* Wine
* VirtualBox
* VMware Player

## Accesories

* File archivers
* Desktop add-ons
* Desktop special effects
* Games
* Calculators
* File managers
* Notpads
* Screen saver
* Application finder
* Screenshot

## Peripheral devices

* Bluetooth
* Digital camera
* External drive
* Printer
* Webcam

## Other

* Graphic environments
    Back to Main page
# Sidux/Useable applications/Application finder
## Catfish

    Having problems with finding any file, folder or application use Catfish.
    1. Installation:
    2. Run the application: Menu-> Accessories-> Catfish
    3. Type a file name in search field on left top side.
    4. As additional option choose for example:
       a. exact match.
       b. hidden files.
       c. limit results.
       d. file type: document, image, music, video.
       e. searching folder.
    5. The application will find any file matching with key word and will display it's size and location as well.
    Catfish home page: http://software.twotoasts.de/index.php?/pages/catfish_summary.html
# Super Mario World/Forest of Illusion/Roy's Castle

There are some brown blocks at the start that move. You have to keep walking to stay on, and they make unexpected turns. At the end of the castle you will face Roy Koopa.
# Super Mario World/Main characters

Mario and Luigi are the main characters in Super Mario World, and they are the only playable characters. In single-player games, the player must use Mario. In two-player games, the first player must use Mario, while the second player must use Luigi.
Unlike certain Mario games, such as Super Mario Bros. 2 USA, there are no gameplay differences between the Mario and Luigi. Both characters run at the same speed, jump the same height, and so forth. In the original version of Super Mario World the two are also identical in appearance except that Mario wears a red shirt and Luigi wears a green shirt. However, in the Super Mario All-Stars + Super Mario World version Luigi is slightly taller than Mario, but the two are still identical in terms of gameplay.
# Super Mario World/Level type

There are 7 main types of levels in Super Mario World. With a few exceptions, each level falls into one of these categories.

## Above-ground

This is the most basic level type. It is characterized by a relatively small amount of ditch space and large amount of "terra firma." Because of this, the chances of falling into a ditch after falling off a platform are slim. There is no barrier at the top of the level, and often secret items can be found floating up high. An example is Yoshi's Island 2.

## Elevated

Elevated levels are distinguished from above-ground levels by a large amount of ditch space compared to "terra firma." Hence it is more likely than not that falling off a platform will result in falling into a ditch and dying, and so it is most advantageous to have a cape in order to avoid ditches. The distinction between elevated and above-ground levels can become somewhat blurred, and the most obvious difference is the background music; however, some levels, such as Gnarly, would be classified as above-ground instead of elevated levels, despite having different background music from most above-ground levels.

## Underground

Underground levels take place underground, with a clearly defined ceiling and distinctive background music. Some enemies, such as Spike Tops and Blarggs, are found only in underground levels. An example is Donut Plains 2.

## Underwater

These levels take place underwater, and again have a distinguishing background music. Most water-dwelling enemies such as Blurps are found only in underwater levels. Note that underwater levels do not simply have water: in order for a level to be classified as an underwater level, it must be impossible to get out of the water. For example, Donut Secret 1 is an underwater level, whereas Vanilla Dome 2 is not.

## Ghost House

Ghost houses are easy to identify: they are the only levels with ghosts ("Boo" Buddies, Fishin' Boos, Eeries, and Big "Boo"s). Ghost houses often have less obvious exits than most other levels, and frequently also have secret exits. The game can be saved after completing a ghost house.

## Castle

Castles are the dwelling places of Bowser and the Koopa Kids, and are in general more difficult than typical levels. There are 8 castles in the game. Castles never have secret exits, and always require defeating a boss at the end. Like ghost houses, completing a castle enables the game to be saved. A castle which has already been completed can be replayed in 1-player mode by simultaneously pressing the R and L buttons while standing on the ruins of the castle (doing this in 2-player mode brings up the life transfer utility).

## Fortress

Fortresses are exactly like castles except that instead of the bosses being Koopas, they are always Reznor.
# Super Mario World/Intro

Super Mario World was originally designed for the Super Famicon and the Super Nintendo (SNES). This game is considered by many players to be the best of the Super Mario series, if not among the best games of all time.
The SNES collection Super Mario All-Stars + Super Mario World contained remakes of the Super Mario Bros. series, as well as Super Mario World. A slightly enhanced version of Super Mario World can now be purchased along with a remade version of Mario Bros. as Super Mario Advance 2, which is available for the Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Advance SP.
# Super Mario World/Items/P-Balloon

The P-Balloon is a yellow balloon with a letter P on it. When Mario or Luigi collects a P-Balloon he swells up like a balloon, allowing him to float across large gaps that would otherwise be uncrossable. The P-Balloon has a set timer, and Mario or Luigi will start to flash when the timer is ending.
The P-Balloon also appeared occasionally in the Super Mario World television cartoon. In the episode "Mama Luigi", when Luigi gets flattened by a spiked pillar coming down from the ceiling in Bowser's Castle, Mario rolls him up like paper and restores him to normal by placing him right next to a nearby P-Balloon. (In the actual game, Bowser's Castle doesn't have any P-Balloons.)
# Super Mario World/Forest of Illusion/Forest of Illusion 4

A Fishin' Lakitu appears at the beginning of this level. Avoid the tempation to snag his 1-up; doing so will make him rain spinies down on you.

## Secrets

The secret exit in this level is found by entering the purple pipe as shown in the picture. The pipe is too high to be reached by ordinary jumping, so you will need to do one of five things:
* Be caped Mario and do a running jump, floating down with your cape
* Be with Yoshi, and use Yoshi to make a higher jump by jumping with Yoshi, then spin jumping off Yoshi's back.This can be difficult and You will lose your Yoshi.
* If you don't have a cape or Yoshi, do a spin jump and bounce off a spiny to increase your jump height. This is very difficult, and the spiny will need to be right next to the pipe in order for you to reach it by bouncing off the spiny.
* You can also ride Lakitu's cloud up to the pipe. This is also a little difficult.
* Ride on Blue Yoshi and have him eat a shell. You will be able to simply fly up to the pipe.
* Start running from the straitaway under the checkpoint, jump over the yellow tube, over the gap, onto the following legde. then jump from the next ledge onto the blue tube, to do this you must be maintaining a sprint the whole time
Hitting the P-Switch will make coins appear around the pipe.
# Super Mario World/Items/Cape Feather

The Cape Feather is a power-up that allows Mario or Luigi to fly through the air using a yellow cape. Strategically timed presses of directions on the control pad are required for maximum altitude and length of time before the player returns to the ground.
# The animals speak/White-faced whistlers

(White-faced whistling duck, Dendrocygna viduata)
# The development aid organization/The development aid organization/learning organization

Development Cooperation Handbook/The development aid organization/The Learning organization