OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sunvox Tutorials

Helping first time users of sunvox music software achieve mastery of its features and capabilities.
There is a separate document which provides a sunvox reference source.

## The sunvox interface

Once you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to:
* Identify interface elements
* Switch between pattern and module views on mobile devices
* Use the mouse or touchscreen
* Use the sunvox menu system
* Use the sunvox keyboard
* Use a computer keyboard on systems which support it
* Use a MIDI keyboard on systems which support it
* Change the sunvox colour theme

## Making a new song

Once you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to:
* Create a new song
* Create new patterns
* Create and connect modules
* Place notes in tracks
* Place percussion in tracks
* Hold or stop notes
* Save your song

## Making different sounds

Once you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to:
* Identify module parameters
* Alter module parameters
* Change the module parameter view
* Alter module connections
* Use recorded samples
* Automate module parameters

## Effects

Once you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to:
* Differentiate effect commands from module parameters
* Understand sunvox effects
* Apply effects to notes
* Use effects to change playback
* Apply effects to the previous track

## More complex module arrangements

Once you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to:
* Understand more advanced module types
* Apply the Compressor module
* Use the Multisynth module
* Use the Sound2Ctl module
* Apply the LFO module to sounds
* Use modulation to alter sounds
* Use metamodules to save useful module combinations

## Composition and workflow

Once you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to:
* Arrange patterns by icons or names
* Differentiate copied and cloned patterns
* Manage timing and tempo
* Record patterns

## Mastering and presentation

Once you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to:
* Balance sound levels using the graphic equaliser
* Mute and Solo sound sources
* Exporting your song
* Choose performance options
# The Science of Programming/SwayPresentations/Objects/ClassAndObjectComponents2

Class and Object Components, continued
Here's an attempt...
Testing...
Output is as desired:
The beauty of concatenation...
# The Science of Programming/SwayPresentations/Objects

The Sway Object System
John C. Lusth
* Design Goals
* Prototypes vs Classes
* Closures as Objects
* Environments as Objects
* Classes via Concatenation
* Supported Modes of Inheritance
* Inheritance Implementation Strategies
* Extension Inheritance
* Reification Inheritance
* Variation Inheritance
* Public and Private Components
* Class and Object Components
* Examples
* Examples5
# The Science of Programming/SwayPresentations/Objects/ClassesViaConcatenation

Inheritance via Concatenation
The idea is from Antero Taivalsaari.
Concatenate the environment of the subclass and the superclass.
Now, looking up a component of a superclass is exactly the same process as looking up a component of the subclass.
Make some objects:
gobj's environment:
| variable | value |
| x | 2 |
| me | lambda { "I'm g"; } |
fobj's environment:
| variable | value |
| y | 4 |
| me | lambda { "I'm f"; } |
| x | 3 |
| me | lambda { "I'm g"; } |
Next Previous Top
# The Science of Programming/Slippery Slopes

In Chapter X of CME, SPT states that the derivative (at a given point) can be viewed as the slope of the tangent to a curve (at that point). Let's use our software to examine slopes.
Consider parabolas of the form:
The h variable induces a rightward shift of the parabola if h is positive and a leftward shift if h is negative. The v variable induces an upward shift if positive and a downward shift if negative. Thus, these curves bottom out at the point $(h,v)$. For $h=3$ and $v=1$, we get:
Plotting the parabola yields:
We can see from the plot that when $x=3$, the curve bottoms out and the tangent at the point should be horizontal, having a slope of zero. To the right of that point, the slope rises to the left, so the derivative in that area should be positive. To the left of the bottom point, the slope rises to the left, so the derivative in that area should be negative.
To confirm our intuition, we shall encode the parabola as a sum of terms:
and take the derivative:
Let's look at y and its derivative at $x=2,3,4$:
Just as we suspected.

## Solving problems

Let's take a break from programming and use the software we've been given to solve some problems given in CME.

## Footnotes

← Working on the Chain Gang · Peaks and Valleys →
# The Science of Programming/SwayPresentations/Objects/ClassAndObjectComponents3

Class and Object Components, continued
What about overriding simple variables?
What should obj . getValue produce?
Previous Next Top
# The Science of Programming/SwayPresentations/Objects/ClassAndObjectComponents

Class and Object Components
Class component: shared by all instances
Object component: unique for each instance
Could use a global variable...
Results are as expected:
Not very satisfying...
Next Previous Top
# TeX/char
## Description

Outputs the character given by <number>. See also `\.

## Example

The following TeX code outputs an 'A' :
# TeX/batchmode
## Description

Switches to batch mode. All errors are written to the log file only
# TeX/boxmaxdepth
## Description

Maximum depth of a box. The default is \maxdimen.
# TeX/box
## Description

\boxN outputs the content of box register N, with N between 0 and 255. Box registers can be set using \setboxN.
# TeX/catcode

< TeX

## Synopsis

\catcode`\[char]=[num]

## Description

\catcode is the command that's used to change the category code of a character. The category code tells TeX what to do when it encounters that character later in the text. A general assignment looks something like
which defines the @ character to be a letter.
The category codes in TeX are as follows:
* 0 = Escape character, normally \
* 1 = Begin grouping, normally {
* 2 = End grouping, normally }
* 3 = Math shift, normally $
* 4 = Alignment tab, normally &
* 5 = End of line, normally <return>
* 6 = Parameter, normally #
* 7 = Superscript, normally ^
* 8 = Subscript, normally _
* 9 = Ignored character, normally <null>
* 10 = Space, normally <space> and <tab>
* 11 = Letter, normally only contains the letters a,...,z and A,...,Z. These characters can be used in command names
* 12 = Other, normally everything else not listed in the other categories
* 13 = Active character, for example ~
* 14 = Comment character, normally %
* 15 = Invalid character, normally <delete>
Using category codes, it is possible to completely reconfigure TeX and allows support for international users.
A character of code 13 is called active. In a sense it is treated as if it were a command sequence in of itself, and definitions can be given in the normal fashion. Hence to define ~, Plain TeX has
# TeX/belowdisplayshortskip
## Description

In math mode, set the vertical space below a display style math formula, if the following paragraph does not overlap the fomula part.
# TeX/botmark
## Description

Last text stored using \mark on the current page. This can be used for instance in the headline or footline of a dictionary/index.

## See also

* \mark
* \topmark
* \firstmark
# TeX/bye

\bye is the control sequence to end a TeX document.
Due to the fact that it is not allowed in TeX to end a document in internal vertical mode on introduced this macro. This macro is defined as

## see also

* \end
# TeX/begingroup
## Description

Starts a new group, similar to { but not exactly the same. All settings in LaTeX are confined to a group, so any settings set within this group will be confined to this group only. See also \endgroup.
# TeX/belowdisplayskip
## Description

Standard vertical space below a math formula. See also \belowdisplayshortskip.
# Radiation Oncology/Pancreas/RTOG Pancreas

* RTOG Website
* Wikibooks list of RTOG trials
Pancreatic Cancer: RTOG OPEN TRIALS :
| Number | Title |
Pancreatic Cancer: RTOG CLOSED TRIALS :
| Number | Title | Publication |
| 04-11 Clinicaltrials.gov | Phase II Study of Capecitabine, Bevacizumab, and Radiotherapy Followed By Maintenance Therapy Comprising Gemcitabine and Bevacizumab in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer | PMID 19636002 |
| 00-20 Clinicaltrials.gov | Combination Chemotherapy Plus Radiation Therapy With or Without Tipifarnib in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer | ASCO GI 2006 |
| 98-12 Clinicaltrials.gov | A Phase II Study of External Irradiation (50.4 Gy) and Weekly Paclitaxel (Taxol) for Non-Metastatic, Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer | PMID 14758134 |
| 97-04 97-04 Clinicaltrials.gov | A Phase III Study of Pre and Post Chemoradiation 5-FU vs. Pre and Post Chemoradiation Gemcitabine for Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment of Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | PMID 18319412 More.. |
# Radiation Oncology/Pancreas

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
* Official Guidelines
* Staging
* Overview
* Resectable disease
* Unresectable disease
* Squamous cell pathology
* Level I evidence
* RTOG Pancreas Trials
# Radiation Oncology/Pancreas/Guidelines

Pancreatic Cancer Official Guidelines
Tumor Markers
Resectable and Borderline Resectable
Locally Advanced
Contouring
* RTOG
** 2012 PMID 22483737 "Radiation therapy oncology group consensus panel guidelines for the delineation of the clinical target volume in the postoperative treatment of pancreatic head cancer." (Goodman KA, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012 Jul 1;83(3):901-8.)
* American-French Consensus
** See above at "Locally Advanced"
# Radiation Oncology/Palliation/RTOG Palliation

RTOG CLOSED PALLIATION TRIALS :
| Number | Title |
| 97-14 | Phase III Randomized Study of Palliative Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastases From Breast or Prostate Cancer |
| 88-22 | A Phase I/II Study to Evaluate the Effect of Fractionated Hemibody Irradiation in the Treatment of Osseous Metastases |
| 82-06 | Phase III Comparison of Local Field Irradiation with and without Single-Dose Hemibody Irradiation for Control of Symptomatic Bony Metastases |
| 78-10 | Phase I/II Study of Half-Body Radiotherapy for Multiple Osseous Metastases |
# Tamil/Tamil literature

Tamil literature is literature in the Tamil language which most prominently includes the contributions of the historic Tamil country or Tamizhagam, a large part of which constitutes the modern state of Tamil Nadu in India. Because of the antiquity of the Tamil language, Tamil literature has a rich tradition spanning more than 5000 years and is particularly famous for its poetic tradition as well as for its epics, philosophical works and secular flavour.
The works of the Sangam period, known as Sangam literature, at the turn of the first millennium are the most ancient and considered very important. The word Sangam refers to an academy. Tolkaappiyam, Akananaru and Purananaru are important works from this period.
In the post-Sangam period, there were many notable works. Silapadhigaaram by Ilangovadigal tells the tale of Kannagi, Kovalan and Maadhavi. Thirukkural by Thiruvalluvar consists of 1330 couplets which discuss about various aspects of life and is widely known even today. Aathichoodi, a collection of single-line sayings was written by Auvaiyaar, a young poetess who became prematurely old according to folklore. The first word in each saying is based on alphabetical order. Kambaramayanam was a version of the Ramayana by the poet Kamban (Kambar). Periya puranaam , Divya Prabhandham ,Thiruppavai, Thiruvempaavai and Dhevaaram were written in the Bhakti cult. Manimegalai, Seevaga sindhamani, Valayaapathi, Kundalakesi are other important works.
In the modern period, the works of poet Subramanya Bharathy, (better known as Bharathiar) who was also a great freedom fighter, are particularly stimulating in their progressive themes- emancipation of women, freedom, etc.,
As far as modern fiction is concerned, Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram was the first novel in Tamil.
In the early twentieth century, Kalki Krishnamurthy is one of the most renowned and respected writers. Sivagamiyin Sabhadham and Ponniyin Selvan constitute some of his greatest works, both based on historical themes.
Some famous contemporary writers include Pudhumaipiththan, Jayakanthan, Thi. Janakiraman, La.Sa.Ramamrutham, Sujatha, Jayamohan, and S.Ramakrishnan.

## External links

* Tamil.sg - A collection of Tamil Poems and Short Stories
* ValaiTamil.com - A Large and Rare collection of Tamil Literature Articles
* Project Madurai - A collection of Tamil texts
* Classic poetry - Downloadable Unicode archive of classic Tamil poetry
* Tamil Literature at tamilnation.org

## Mobile Books in Tamil

* MobileVeda Tamil Mobile Books - Tamil Literature now available as mobile books.
# Tamil/Vocabulary phases
## Tamil (Dravidian)

Please note that spoken Tamil is very different from formal written Tamil.
The below phrases are in written Tamil and thus sound very awkward and stilted when used in everyday speech.
| Translation | Phrase | Pronunciation | IPA |
| Tamil | தமிழ் | | /t̪ɐmɨɹ/ |
| hello | வணக்கம் | Vanakkam | /vəɳək:ɔ̃/ |
| good-bye | சென்று வருகிறேன் | sentru varukireen | /sentu varukireen/ |
| please | தயவு செய்து | thayavu seithu | /tajavu seiθu/ |
| thank you | நன்றி | nandri | /nantʕi/ |
| sorry | மன்னிக்கவும் | manikkavum | |
| that one | அது | adhu | /əðɯ/ |
| him/her | அவன்/அவள் | avan/aval | |
| this one | இ்து | idhu | |
| My name is `ABC` | என் பெயர் `அஇஉ` | en paer `ABC` | |
| how much? | எவ்வளவு | evvalavu | /evːalavu/ |
| yes | ஆம் | aam | /aːm/ |
| no | இல்லை | illai | /ilːaj/ |
| I don’t understand | எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை | ennaku puriyavillai | |
| Where's the bathroom? | குளியலறை எங்கே உள்ளது? | kuliyalarai engai ullathu? | |
| Hey! | டேய்! | dei | /de:i/ |
| English | ஆங்கிலம் | aangilam | /aːŋilam/ |
| Do you speak English? | நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுவீர்களா? | neengal aangilam paysuveerkala? | |

## Comment

* ↑ Generic toast only, not used in formal occasions and to elders.
# Tamil

Tamil (தமிழ், tamil, [t̪ɐmɨɻ]) is a language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore. Tamil is also spoken in Malaysia and by significant minorities in Mauritius as well as emigrant communities around the world. According to Ethnologue, about 68 million native speakers and 9 million second language speakers are around the world. It is the first Indian language to be declared as a classical language by the government of India in 2004.
Tamil literature has existed for over two thousand years. Tamil language inscriptions written circa 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE have been discovered in Egypt, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The two earliest manuscripts from India, to be acknowledged and registered by UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 & 2005 were in Tamil.

## Contents

* About this book
* Introduction
* Romanized Alphabet and Pronunciation

### Part I: Speaking Tamil

* Phrases and idioms

### Part II: Reading and Writing Tamil

* Tamil Script
* Basic grammar
* Advanced topics

### Appendices

* Survival Phrases

## Related Wikibooks

* Brahmin Tamil explores the dialect which is spoken by Brahmins of Tamil Nadu.
* Malayalam teaches the language which is closely related to Tamil

## Useful External Resources

* Tamil grammar and alphabet learning
* Tamil Library
# Tamil/History
## History

Tamil's origins are independent of Sanskrit (which is from the Indo-European language family and the ancestor of many Indian languages), but it has borrowed a number of words from Sanskrit in recent centuries. The oldest Tamil text Tolkaappiyam is a grammar of Tamil.
Quite significantly for its age, Tamil seems to have undergone minimal changes and adaptations over the years. Classical Tamil is quite comprehensible to speakers of the modern language. The ancient Tamil book Tirukkural is an example. The verses from the book are often taught to young students of the language at the primary level, and they pick up the lines in the ancient dialect with little difficulty.
# Tamil/Phonetic Chart

Consonants :
| Consonant | Voiced | Voiceless |
| க் | g | k |
| ங் | ŋ | ŋ |
| ச் | s, tʃ | s, tʃ |
| ஞ் | ndʒ, ɲ | ndʒ, ɲ |
| ட | d | t |
| ண், ந் | n | n |
| த் | ð | θ |
| ப் | b | p |
| ம் | m | m |
| ய் | j | j |
| ர் | r | r |
| ல் | l | l |
| வ் | v | - |
| ழ் | ɻ (r ~ l) | ɻ (r ~ l) |
| ள் | l̩ː | l̩ː |
| ற் | ɾ | ɾ |
| ன் | n | n |
| ஜ் | dʒ | - |
| ஷ் | - | ʃ |
| ஸ் | - | s |
| ஹ் | h | h |
Vowels :
| Vowel | IPA | Vowel | IPA |
| அ | ə, a | ஆ | a: |
| இ | i, ɪ | ஈ | i: |
| உ | u, ɯ | ஊ | u: |
| | e | | e: |
| | ai | | o |
| | o: | | əw, aw |
# Type-oriented programming/Functors

A functor is a type operator equipped with a map method declared as follows:
The map method must satisfy some formal requirements that we ignore here for now. The important point is that map takes a function of type Func[T,U] (where U is a type argument of the method) and returns an instance of type Self[U], that is, the same functor possibly with a different type argument. You’ve already met the Maybe functor:
In the next section, we’ll use Maybe to explain what a monad is and how a generic Monad type can be implemented.
NB: The pseudocode can be tried out using the Funcy app, which can be downloaded for free from Apple’s App Store (iOS/macOS), Google Play (Android) or Amazon Appstore. The code to be executed must be placed in a main block.
# Type-oriented programming/Bounded type arguments

Consider the following code:
We now want to implement the equals method also for Pair:
Note, however, that this code won’t compile since the compiler can’t be sure that T represents an equatable type. We need to change the declaration of Pair to
Now it’s ensured that T is equatable and we can check pairs for equality:
Here, the T type argument is called bounded since there’s a type constraint placed on it.
NB: The pseudocode can be tried out using the Funcy app, which can be downloaded for free from Apple’s App Store (iOS/macOS), Google Play (Android) or Amazon Appstore. The code to be executed must be placed in a main block.
# Type-oriented programming/Type variance

Consider the following type hierarchy:
Without type arguments, F is a type operator while F[A] and F[B] are proper types. In general, neither is a subtype of the other. However it may sometimes make sense for them to be in a subtype relation depending on the hierarchy of their argument(s). If we declare F as follows
then F[B] will be a subtype of F[A] because B is a subtype of A. Conversely, if we declare F as
then F[A] will be a subtype of F[B]. In the former case, we say that F is covariant in its type argument whereas in the latter case its contravariant (since the hierarchy is reversed).
A real-world example of type variance are function types. When we expect a function whose return type is A (that is, of type Func[A]), we can always use a function of type Func[B] in its stead. On the other hand, when we expect a function whose argument is of type B (that is, of type Func[B,X], we can always use a function of type Func[A,X] in its stead. In sum, function types are covariant in their return type and contravariant in their arguments’ types.
NB: The pseudocode can be tried out using the Funcy app, which can be downloaded for free from Apple’s App Store (iOS/macOS), Google Play (Android) or Amazon Appstore. The code to be executed must be placed in a main block.
# Type-oriented programming

Type-oriented programming is a paradigm spanning both object-oriented and functional approaches to writing statically typed code. Most programming languages in this category make extensive use of subtyping and parametric polymorphism.
This material introduces the basic concepts, most of them known from object-oriented and functional languages, and then goes on to explain some more involved techniques used in languages with powerful type systems.

## Table of Contents
### Basic concepts

Types and properties
Instance methods
Type methods
Restricted properties
Function types
Proxies

### Type operators

Type arguments
‘Self’ at the type level
Type variance
Bounded type arguments

### Types of higher kinds

Functors
Monads
Monad transformers
# Type-oriented programming/Self at the type level

Just like the self variable refers contextually to the instance in whose method it’s used, the Self type variable contextually refers to the type. Let’s have a look at a simple example:
The create method’s return type is Self so in the example above it refers to the B type because we called the type method using $B.create.
Using Self gives the type system considerable power since it squares well with type operators, as illustrated by the following example:
Note that the map method has a type argument and how new Self[U] is used. In this case Self is a contextual type operator.
NB: The pseudocode can be tried out using the Funcy app, which can be downloaded for free from Apple’s App Store (iOS/macOS), Google Play (Android) or Amazon Appstore. The code to be executed must be placed in a main block.
# Tyap/Verbs
## Verb
### Definition

A verb is a word that denotes action or a state of being.
* Action:
* Anyet madidit ya chyi agavang.
* Matina nung-wu lak nyung kusat.
* Samson nok ali.
* Nat a san khyahu
* Atyia,akum-achyi chat alyiat gu.
* Ana ya jinjok?
* State of being:
* Agwaza yet Agwam
* Akakwon shyia madidit ma'tachya ka.
* Miscellaneous examples of verbs: bai, nat, ya, twei, swuo, lyuut, lyiat, shim, fak, naai, fang, myiam, yong, swan, foot, Biyang, dyep, tyiet, cham, Gba, kwang, wan, chwi, San, shim, fak, nyin, Fip etc.

### Definition

A verb is a word that denotes action or a state of being.
Action:
* Anyet madidit ya chyi agavang.
* Matina nung-wu lak nyung kusat.
* Samson nok ali.
* Nat a san khyahu
* Atyia,akum-achyi chat alyiat gu.
* Ana ya jinjok?
State of being:
* Agwaza yet Agwam
* Akakwon shyia madidit ma'tachya ka.
Miscellaneous:
Example of other verbs are: bai, nat, ya, twei, swuo, lyuut, lyiat, shim, fak, naai, fang, myiam, yong, swan,foot, Biyang, dyep, tyiet, cham, Gba, kwang, wan, chwi, San, shim, fak,nyin ,Fip etc.

### Verb Formation (Bwoi 'Kyai'):

In Tyap, verbs are largely formed mainly from nouns. Other ways include the addition of verb antecedents to adjectives, adverbs or nouns to form verb phrases.
* Verbs are formed from nouns by the removal of the first letter "a̱-" of the noun word.
Examples:
| S/N | WORD | VERB FORMED |
| 1 | a̱tung | tung |
| 2 | a̱shai | shai |
| 3 | a̱ta | ta |
| 4 | a̱bwok | bwok |
| 5 | a̱bwom | bwom |
| 6 | a̱gwai | gwai |
| 7 | a̱yaat | yaat |
| 8 | a̱ka̱u | ka̱u |
| 9 | a̱fwu | fwu |
| 10 | a̱wak | wak |
| 11 | a̱khwop | khwop |
| 12 | a̱lyiat | lyiat |
| 13 | a̱khwo | khwo |
| 14 | a̱khwu | khwu |
| 15 | a̱fwu | fwu |
| 16 | a̱kpang | kpang |
| 17 | a̱bwum | bwum |
| 18 | a̱tyia̱ | tyia̱ |
| 19 | a̱tsa | tsa |
| 20 | a̱mat | mat |
* Verbs can also be formed by the removal of the first part of a double-sounding noun word.
Examples:
| S/N | WORD | VERB FORMED |
| 1 | shyishyi | shyi |
| 2 | shyishyim | shyim |
* Verbs or verb phrases are formed by the addition of verb antecedents to nouns, adverbs or adjectives.
Examples:
| S/N | WORD | VERB FORMED |
| 1 | khwo | tyia̱ khwo |
| 2 | a̱swon | ya a̱swon |
| 3 | bwak | swuó bwak |
| 4 | fa̱t | bwuo fa̱t |
| 5 | bying | ta bying |
| 6 | jejeet | li jejeet |
| 7 | gba̱gbai | li gba̱gbai |
| 8 | taan | tyia̱ taan |
| 9 | kyekyak | tyia̱ kyekyak |
| 10 | nfwuut | ta nfwuut |
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