OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Korean/Lesson II7

* Other languages...
* Learn Korean (Introduction)
* — Reading and writing •
* Conversation — 1단계: Beginner •
* 2급: High beginner —
* 1. Sports •
* 2. Jobs •
* 3. Downtown •
* 4. Public transportation •
* 5. At the hotel •
* 6. At the library •
* 7. At the farm •
* 8. Medical care •
* 9. The Weather •
* 10. At the movies
* 3단계: Low intermediate •
* 4단계: High intermediate •
* 5단계: Low advanced •
* 6단계: Advanced
* Grammar

### Vocabulary

* sheep 양(羊)
* field 밭
* cow 소
* rice paddy 논
* farmer 농부(農夫)
# Korean/Lesson II9

* Other languages...
* Learn Korean (Introduction)
* — Reading and writing •
* Conversation — 1단계: Beginner •
* 2급: High beginner —
* 1. Sports •
* 2. Jobs •
* 3. Downtown •
* 4. Public transportation •
* 5. At the hotel •
* 6. At the library •
* 7. At the farm •
* 8. Medical care •
* 9. The Weather •
* 10. At the movies
* 3단계: Low intermediate •
* 4단계: High intermediate •
* 5단계: Low advanced •
* 6단계: Advanced
* Grammar

## Vocabulary

* 날씨 weather
* 비 rain
* 눈 snow
* 맑다 sunny
* 흐리다 cloudy
# Korean/Lesson II10

* Other languages...
* Learn Korean (Introduction)
* — Reading and writing •
* Conversation — 1단계: Beginner •
* 2급: High beginner —
* 1. Sports •
* 2. Jobs •
* 3. Downtown •
* 4. Public transportation •
* 5. At the hotel •
* 6. At the library •
* 7. At the farm •
* 8. Medical care •
* 9. The Weather •
* 10. At the movies
* 3단계: Low intermediate •
* 4단계: High intermediate •
* 5단계: Low advanced •
* 6단계: Advanced
* Grammar

## Vocabulary

* 영화(映畫) film, movie
* 극장(劇場) theater
* 멀티플렉스 Multiplex
* 화면(畫面) screen
# Korean/Lesson II3

* Other languages...
* Learn Korean (Introduction)
* — Reading and writing •
* Conversation — 1단계: Beginner •
* 2급: High beginner —
* 1. Sports •
* 2. Jobs •
* 3. Downtown •
* 4. Public transportation •
* 5. At the hotel •
* 6. At the library •
* 7. At the farm •
* 8. Medical care •
* 9. The Weather •
* 10. At the movies
* 3단계: Low intermediate •
* 4단계: High intermediate •
* 5단계: Low advanced •
* 6단계: Advanced
* Grammar

### Vocabulary

* Movie theater 영화관/극장
* Karaoke Room 노래방
* DVD room DVD 방
* PC room PC 방
* small restaurant 식당
* Station 역
* Subway 지하철
* store 가게
* Department store 백화점(←every[百]+goods[貨]+store[店])
* Convenient store 편의점
* book store 서점
* bank 은행
* police office 경찰서
* fire station 소방서
* hospital 병원
* parking lot 주차장
* University 대학교

### Conversation

* PC방이 어디에 있어요? Where is the PC room?
* 영화가 언제 시작해요? When does the movie start?
* 동대문역 어디에 있십니까? Where is Dongdaemun station?
# Hebrew/Aleph-Bet/10

* Lessons on the Hebrew Aleph-Bet
* Introduction
* 1 א בּ ת • E
* 2 ב ה נן • E
* 3 מם שׁשׂ • E
* 4 ל ו • E
* 5 ד ר י • E
* 6 ג ז ח • E
* 7 ט ככּך
* • E
* 8 ס ק • E
* 9 ע פפּף • E
* 10 צץ • E
* Review
* Test • Answers
* • talk
Welcome to the tenth and last lesson in the Hebrew alphabet! In this lesson we'll learn צ and traditional numbers in Hebrew.

## Tsadi צ

צ The eighteenth letter in the Hebrew alphabet is Tsadi. It makes the "ts" sound (IPA: /ʦ/, "zz" as in "pizza", or "ts" as in "Tsar").
When it is at the end of a word, it changes form. This final form is known as Tsadi Sofit (ץ).
That's it, you've learned them all!

## Words

מִצְרַיִם mitsrayim Egypt עֵץ ‘ets tree (masculine, singular) צָהֹב tsahov yellow (masculine, singular) (FW: צהוב) צֶבַע tseva‘ color (masculine, singular) עֶצֶם ‘etsem bone (feminine, singular), object (masculine, singular) צָרְפַת tsorfat France בֹּץ bots mud (masculine, singular [no pl.]) (FW: בוץ) צַיִד tsayid hunt (masculine, singular [no pl.]

## Numbers

In traditional Jewish texts (in any Orthodox text, really) a numeric system, based on the letters of the alphabet is used. This system is known as gematria. In everyday secular life, the Arabic numerical system (1, 2, 3) is used.
| Numeric value | Letter |
| 1 | א |
| 2 | ב |
| 3 | ג |
| 4 | ד |
| 5 | ה |
| 6 | ו |
| 7 | ז |
| 8 | ח |
| 9 | ט |
| 10 | י |
| 11 | י"א |
| 12 | י"ב |
| 13 | י"ג |
| 14 | י"ד |
| 15 | ט"ו‎ |
| 16 | ט"ז |
| 17 | י"ז |
| 18 | י"ח |
| 19 | י"ט |
| 20 | כ |
| 21 | כ"א |
| 25 | כ"ה |
| 30 | ל |
| 35 | ל"ו |
| 40 | מ |
| 50 | נ |
| 60 | ס |
| 70 | ע |
| 80 | פ |
| 90 | צ |
| 100 | ק |
| 105 | ק"ה |
| 150 | ק"נ |
| 155 | קנ"ה |
| 200 | ר |
| 300 | ש |
| 400 | ת |
| Rarely used: |
| 500 | ך |
| 600 | ם |
| 700 | ן |
| 800 | ף |
| 900 | ץ |

## Summary

In this lesson, you've learned:
* The forms of the letter Tsadi צ, Tsadi Sofit ץ.
* The words מִצְרַיִם, עֵץ, צָהֹב, צֶבָע, עֶצֶם, צָרְפַת, בֹץ and צַיִד.
* The Hebrew nummerical system - gematria.
Practice what you've learned in the exercises.
Review: Aleph-Bet 11 >>>

## Notes

* ↑ Many times you will see it transliterated as "tz", "z" or even "s". Because the traditional sound of this letter was a pharyngealised s (same as "s" only that the sound is emitted from deeper in the throat) and the current pronunciation is "tz", a neutral transliteration - "ts" - is used in this WikiBook.
* ↑ Sometimes Qamats is pronounced as "o". This is known as Qamats Qatan ("little Qamats"). However, many Israelis mispronounce צָרְפַת as tsarfat.
* ↑ Because the letter י (which has the numeric value of 10) and ה (which is 5) make together the beginning of the Tetragrammaton, 9 + 6 are used instead.
# Hebrew/Aleph-Bet
## Lessons

* Introduction: The aim of this level, what you will learn in it and how the lessons are structured.
* Lesson 1: The letters Aleph א, Bet בּ and Tav ת, the niqqud symbols Pataħ (ַ)and Shva (ְ).
* Lesson 2: The letters Vet ב, He ה, Nun נ and Nun Sofit ן, the niqqud symbols Qamats (ָ) and Tsere (ֵ).
* Lesson 3: The letters Mem מ, Mem Sofit ם, Shin שׁ and Sin שׂ, the niqqud symbols Segol (ֶ) and Ħiriq (ִ).
* Lesson 4: The letters Lamed ל and Vav ו, the niqqud symbols Ħolam (ֹ) and Shuruq וּ.
* Lesson 5: Review, the letters Dalet ד, Resh ר and Yod י, the niqqud symbol Qubbuts (ֻ).
* Lesson 6: The letters Gimmel ג, Zayin ז and Ħet ח, the niqqud symbols Ħataf-Pataħ (ֲ) and Ħataf-Qamats (ֳ).
* Lesson 7: The letters Tet ט, Kaf כּ, Khaf כ and Khaf Sofit ך, dagesh, the niqqud symbol Ħataf-Segol (ֱ).
* Lesson 8: The letters Samekh ס, Qof ק, full writing (ktiv malei).
* Lesson 9: Review, the letters ‘Ayin ע, Pe פּ, Fe פ and Fe Sofit ף.
* Lesson 10: The letters Tsadi צ, Tsadi Sofit ץ and the Hebrew numerical system (gematria).
* Review: Complete review of this level, alphabet and niqqud tables, extra notes regarding pronunciation, transliteration and shape.
* Test: Tests what you've learned this level.
You really should know, before you learn the Hebrew alphabet, that the average Israeli needs to know how to read words without niqqud, and that to read an Israeli newspaper you have to know about 2000 words without niqqud.
# LaTeX/How to get help

Getting help is nothing to be ashamed of, just be sure to do a bit of work yourself to relieve the load of your helpers. How to do that? Prepare a minimal working example that reproduces your issue which will give helpers the perfect starting point for your problem. If you don't know how to prepare such a minimal example (also called MWE), just follow the link above.
Once you get a bit experienced, you will be able to solve problems on your own. :-)
Prominent places to ask are LaTeX.org or TeX.Stackexchange. There are places in many languages around the world, you might find a community answering your question in your mother tongue.

## Why is a minimal working example (MWE) important?

A document is set up of many many little commands, which makes it complex. It is a bit like a stew recipe with many ingredients and different techniques of cutting the vegetables and cooking the meat. If there is a problem with a document, the reason can be chased down to just one or two ingredients, helpers don't need to see the whole recipe, it is yours.
# Mathematics of the Jewish Calendar

This book is concerned with the mathematical aspects of the current Jewish calendar. It only discusses the religious aspects and the history insofar as these are needed to explain the mathematics.
* Basic principles
* The 19 year cycle
* The lengths of the months
* The calculation of the Molad
* The four postponements of the New Year
* The fourteen types of year
* The main festivals and fasts
* Minor fasts
* Special Shabbats
* The Annual Cycle of Torah Readings
* The Atbash
* The prayer for rain and the blessing of the sun
* The sixty-one types of cycle
* Anniversaries
* Gauss' Formula for the Date of Pesach
* Slonimsky's Formula for the Year Type
* The recurrence period of the calendar
* Long-term data on the calendar
* The long-term accuracy of the calendar
* Further reading
* Authors & Contributors
# Mathematics of the Jewish Calendar/Authors & Contributors

This list is updated automatically by AuthorsAndContributorsBot. Please do not update it manually.
* Abramsky (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Minorax (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
* ShakespeareFan00 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Dmswatson (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Elwiki18 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Seyegd (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Recent Runes (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
* RabbiYGlick (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Pi zero (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
* Lionelweber1 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* MarcGarver (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Grillofrances (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Gifnk dlm 2020 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
* Gg2490 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
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* DannyS712 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
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* Clean Copy (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Blablubbs (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Slava Ukrajini Heroyam Slava (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* WOSlinker (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Xania (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
# Mathematics for Chemistry/Trigonometry
## Trigonometry - the sin and cosine rules

In the following trigonometric identities, $a$, $b$ and $c$ are the lengths of sides in a triangle, opposite the corresponding angles $A$, $B$ and $C$.
* The sin rule ${\frac {a}{\sin A}}={\frac {b}{\sin B}}={\frac {c}{\sin C}}$
* The cosine rule $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab\cos C$
* The ratio identity $\tan A={\frac {\sin A}{\cos A}}$

## Trigonometric identities

$\cos ^{2}\theta +\sin ^{2}\theta =1$
Remember this is a consequence of Pythagoras' theorem where the length of the hypotenuse is 1.
$\sin(\theta +\phi )=\sin \theta \cos \phi +\cos \theta \sin \phi$
$\cos(\theta +\phi )=\cos \theta \cos \phi -\sin \theta \sin \phi$
The difference of two angles can easily be generated by putting $\phi =-\phi$ and remembering $\sin -\phi =-\sin \phi$ and $\cos -\phi =\cos \phi$. Similarly, the double angle formulae are generated by induction. $\tan(\theta +\phi )$ is a little more complicated but can be generated if you can handle the fractions! The proofs are in many textbooks but as a chemist it is not necessary to know them, only the results.

## Identities and equations

Identities and equations look very similar, two things connected by an equals sign. An identity however is a memory aid of a mathematical equivalence and can be proved. An equation represents new information about a situation and can be solved.
For instance,
$\cos ^{2}\theta +\sin ^{2}\theta =1$
is an identity. It cannot be solved for $\theta$; it is valid for all $\theta$. However,
$\cos ^{2}\theta =1$
is an equation where $\theta =\arccos \pm 1$.
If you try and solve an identity as an equation you will go round and round in circles getting nowhere, but it would be possible to dress up $\cos ^{2}\theta +\sin ^{2}\theta =1$ into a very complicated expression which you could mistake for an equation.

## Some observations on triangles

Check you are familiar with your elementary geometry. Remember from your GCSE maths the properties of equilateral and iscoceles triangles. If you have an iscoceles triangle you can always dispense with the sin and cosine rules, drop a perpendicular down to the base and use trig directly. Remember that the bisector of a side or an angle to a vertex cuts the triangle in two by area, angle and length. This can be demonstrated by drawing an obtuse triangle and seeing that the areas are ${\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {1}{2}}.R.h$.

## The interior angles of a polygon

Remember that the interior angles of a $n$-sided polygon are $180(n-2)$(in degrees) or ($n\pi -2\pi$) (in radians)
For benzene there are six equilateral triangles if the centre of the ring is used as a vertex, each of which having an interior angle of 120 degrees. Work out the angles in azulene, (a hydrocarbon with a five and a seven membered ring), assuming all the C-C bond lengths are equal, (this is only approximately true).
# Mathematics for Economics
## Get a grip

The first quadrant of the Cartesian plane has slippery slopes called rectangular hyperbolas with the axes as asymptotes. Since requisitioning resources, and other topics in economic study, deal in inverse proportion, these trajectories are ubiquitous. Moving into the parameter spaces of trade, commerce, and promise, the hyperbola is an experienced slippery slope calling for traction. The first chapter of this book provides that traction with metric geometry. Use of hyperbolic coordinates yields parameters in the upper half-plane where a common model of hyperbolic geometry lives. In other words, this book promulgates economic motivations to use hyperbolic geometry and appropriate mappings. Although the quadrant appears to be bounded by the x-and-y-axes, in the hyperbolic topology it is an infinite surface with curvature negative-unity everywhere.
* Hyperbolas in Economics

## Coding change

Trends and cycles are seen in econometrics and the second chapter considers methods of systemics for use with temporal data. A differential equation expresses a model by a function and its rate of change. A case where a pair of differential equation hold simultaneously leads to matrix analysis.
In business, comparison of this month’s total to last month gives the lag series of difference of totals. If
    $Bx_{n}=x_{n}-x_{n-1},\quad {\text{then}}\quad B^{2}x_{n}=x_{n}-2x_{n-1}+x_{n-2}.$
Considering a time series $(x_{n})_{n=1}^{k}$ of length k, polynomials in B can be evaluated on the time series. If one of them gives a value of zero, then x$_k$ can be expressed with of the other terms of that polynomial, yielding a predictive model.
* Economic Dynamics

## Pure mathematics used in econometrics

The following topics treated in other Wikibooks prepare one for technical economics:
* Calculus, including the Chain rule, higher order derivatives, Taylor series, optimization, implicit differentiation, antiderivatives, integra formulas, improper integrals, Leibniz's rule, differential equations,
** Particularly Calculus/Hyperbolic angle
* Linear Algebra, including bases, linear subspaces, systems of linear equations, scalar products, hyperplanes, eigenvalues, quadratic forms, semidefinite matrices, dominant diagonal.
* Multivariable calculus, including open and closed sets, convex sets, level surfaces, gradients, tangent planes, chain rule, Taylor's theorem, convex and concave functions
# Mathematics of the Jewish Calendar/Anniversaries

A problem arises if an event first occurred in Adar, Adar Rishon or Adar Sheni, or on 30th of Cheshvan or Kislev, as these days do not occur every year.
For example, a boy becomes Bar Mitzvah (legally an adult male) on his 13th birthday. If a boy is born in Adar and 13 years later it is a leap year, his Bar Mitzvah is in Adar Sheni. If a boy is born in Adar Rishon or Adar Sheni and 13 years later it is a leap year, his Bar Mitzvah is in Adar Rishon or Adar Sheni as the case may be. However, if a boy is born in Adar Rishon or Adar Sheni and 13 years later it is not a leap year, his Bar Mitzvah is in Adar. Take two boys born in 5746, which was a leap year, on 16th Adar Rishon and 2nd Adar Sheni. Both were Bar Mitzvah in 5759, not a leap year. If in both cases the ceremony was on the Shabbat after their 13th birthdays, the older one had his on 18th Adar and the younger one on 4th Adar, two weeks earlier. However, if he was born on 30th Adar Rishon, and 13 years later it is not a leap year, he becomes Bar Mitzvah on 1st Nisan.
If a boy is born on 30th of Cheshvan or Kislev and 13 years later there is not a 30th of the month, he becomes Bar Mitzvah on 1st Kislev or Tevet respectively.
The same rules apply to when a girl becomes Bat Mitzvah (legally an adult female), which is on her 12th birthday (or 13th in reform Jews).
Concerning the observance of Yahrzeit (literally, "year time", the anniversary of the death of a close relative), there are various customs and a rabbi should be consulted.
# Network Plus Certification/Media and Topologies

| « | Network Plus Certification Domain 2: Network Media and Topologies | » |
| Domain 1: Network Technologies | Network Plus Certification Domain 2: Network Media and Topologies | Domain 3: Network Devices |
The Network Media and Technologies Domain consists of 20% of the CompTIA Network+ exam.
* Objective 2.1: Cables
* Objective 2.2: Connectors
* Objective 2.3: Physical Topologies
* Objective 2.4: Wiring Standards
* Objective 2.5: Wide Area Networks
* Objective 2.6: Local Area Networks
* Objective 2.7: Logical Topologies
* Objective 2.8: Wiring Distribution
# Network Plus Certification/Management/Performance Optimization

| « | Network Management Objective 4.5: Performance Optimization | » |
| Objective 4.4: Performance Monitoring | Network Management Objective 4.5: Performance Optimization | Objective 4.6: Troubleshooting Methodology |
Objective 4.5: Explain different methods and rationales for network performance optimization

## QoS (Quality of Service)

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to resource reservation control mechanisms rather than the achieved service quality. Quality of Service is the ability to provide different priority to different applications, users, or data flows, or to guarantee a certain level of performance to a data flow. Quality of Service guarantees are important if the network capacity is insufficient, especially for real-time streaming multimedia applications such as Voice over Internet Protocol, online games and IP-TV, since these often require fixed bit rate and are delay sensitive, and in networks where the capacity is a limited resource, for example in cellular data communication.
An alternative to complex QoS control mechanisms is to provide high quality communication by generously over-provisioning a network so that capacity is based on peak traffic load estimates. This approach is simple and economical for networks with predictable and light traffic loads. The performance is reasonable for many applications. This might include demanding applications that can compensate for variations in bandwidth and delay with large receive buffers, which is often possible for example in video streaming. In networks typical of enterprises, however, the costs of increasing bandwidth can be substantial and over-provisioning is hard to justify. In these cases, QoS allows for prioritization of time-sensitive data without the expense of upgrading cabling and equipment.
# Network Plus Certification/Media and Topologies/Connectors

| « | Network Media and Topologies Objective 2.2: Connectors | » |
| Objective 2.1: Cables | Network Media and Topologies Objective 2.2: Connectors | Objective 2.3: Physical Topologies |
Objective 2.2: Identify common connector types

## RJ-11 (Registered Jack 11)

RJ-11 is a physical interface often used for terminating telephone wires. It is probably the most familiar of the registered jacks, being used for single line Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) telephone jacks in most homes across the world.
RJ-14 is similar, but for two lines, and RJ-25 is for three lines. The telephone line cord and its plug are more often a true RJ-11 with only two conductors.
| position | RJ25 pin | RJ14 pin | RJ11 pin | Pair | T/R | ± | Cat 5e/6 colors | Colors | Old colors |
| 1 | 1 | | | 3 | T | + | white/green | white/green | orange |
| 2 | 2 | 1 | | 2 | T | + | white/orange | white/orange | black |
| 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | R | – | blue | blue/white | red |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | T | + | white/blue | white/blue | green |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | | 2 | R | – | orange | orange/white | yellow |
| 6 | 6 | | | 3 | R | – | green | green/white | blue |

## RJ-45 (Registered Jack 45)

The 8 Position 8 Contact (8P8C) (often incorrectly called RJ-45) plugs and sockets are most regularly used as an Ethernet connector. 8P8C connectors are typically used to terminate twisted pair cable.

## BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman)

The BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connector is a very common type of connector used for terminating coaxial cable. The BNC connector is used for RF signal connections, for analog and digital video signals, amateur radio antenna connections, aviation electronics (avionics) and many other types of electronic test equipment. It is an alternative to the RCA connector when used for composite video on commercial video devices, although many consumer electronics devices with RCA jacks can be used with BNC-only commercial video equipment via a simple adapter.

## SC (Subscriber Connector or Standard Connector)

A fiber-optic connector with a push-pull mechanism to allow locking in place while still being simple to insert and remove.

## ST (Straight Tip)

A fiber-optic connector with a socket that is locked in place with a bayonet lock. ST was the first de-facto standard for fiber-optic cabling, and has since been made an official standard.

## LC (Local Connector or Lucent Connector)

Developed by Lucent. It looks like a smaller version of the SC connector. It is used in Telco environments.

## RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232)

RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for serial binary data signals connecting between DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports.