OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Introduction to Python Programming/Python Programming - Learning Resources
## 9. Python Learning Resources

This guide is intended to serve as a primer to learn Python programming. Only the basics of Python programming are covered in this guide. One can always use a variety of resources available on the WWW to learn Python. At the end of this guide, you will be able to write simple Python programs, open, read, append files, and other utilities. In this Python learning Resource guide, I have tried to provide as much as information possible to learn Python on your own.
* The official Python website provides a comprehensive learning material that you can use to learn.
* Learn Python
* Learn Python the Hard Way
* Tutorialspoint on Python
* Google Developers material on Python
* The Python Guru
* The Python Tutor

### 9.1. Specific Python programming applications

The following books provide a good reference for delving into Python for specific applications.
* Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - Think Python provides acquaints you to scenarios of computer science through Python language with plenty of exercises, very less clutter. A section towards the end of every chapter is devoted to debugging. GUI and Markov analysis are also covered.
* Python Koans - Python Koans is an interactive tutorial that employs a test driven approach towards development of code. Assertion statements are also explained.
* Effective Python - Another book aimed at explaining specific ways of writing Pythonic code with the aim of turning an amateur into an advanced programmer.
* Pro Python - An advanced programming guide used by intermediate experienced programmers.
* Expert Python Programming - An advanced programming manual covering advanced concepts like decorators, method resolution, using super and meta programming and general best practices. Later chapters detail best practices such as writing documentation, test-driven development, version control, optimization and profiling.
* A Guide to Python’s Magic Methods - A collection of blog posts by Rafe Kettler explaining the ‘magic methods’ in Python. Magic methods are surrounded by double underscores (i.e. __init__) and can make classes and objects behave in different and magical ways.
* Fullstack Python - A complete comprehensive manual offering advice on how to set up a web server to designing the front end, you can find everything in Fullstack Python.

### 9.2. How to help

Python is constantly evolving open source software which takes humongous amount of information from the end users to make complete sense of the information. So if you want to give back that has doled out entire programming software that is free to use and develop, feel free to reach out to the Python community here and find ways to develop the code.
The official Python website has a section called community that provides complete and exhaustive methods that an individual can contribute towards the constantly evolving Python community.
# Introduction to Radioisotope Geochronology

Geochronology is the field of science concerned with determining the ages of geologic materials from granite and mudstone to fossils and meteorites. In this book we attempt to outline the basic principles used for the quantification of geological time focusing on the radio-isotopic dating techniques. We are attempting to be inclusive about the methodologies and applications however there is a focus on the mainstream chronometers and the application of these to the quantification of geologic time.

## Table of Contents

* Part One - Introduction
* Part Two - Principles of Radioisotopic Dating
* Part 3 - Commonly Used Decay Schemes
* Part 4 - Sample selection and Characterization
* Part 5 - Rocks to Ratios: Analytical Approaches
* Part 6 - Ratios to Dates: Determining P/D and Decay Constants
* Part 7 - Dates to Ages: Considering Interpretation and Uncertainties in Geochronology
* Part Eight - Examples of Application

## About the book

* The Authors
* Acknowledgements
# Lentis/Ankle Monitors and Other Probation Technology

Hello Mss Cave, Findlay and Lee! You may begin your chapter here. -PN

## Introduction: Probation Technology

For the different sections I just put some sample Probation Technology. We can remove/replace these with others if yall want. Now that I look at it, we definitely need to choose probably like 3 topics including ankle monitors? Vote? What do yall like? I think I like Ankle Monitors, Alcohol Monitoring, and Trap and Trace. What do yall think?

## Ankle Monitors

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankle_monitor

## Electronic Tagging

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_tagging

## Alcohol Monitoring

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_transdermal_alcohol_monitoring

## Trap and Trace Device

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_and_trace_device
# History of video games/Sixth generation of video game consoles
## References

← Fifth generation of video game consoles · Seventh generation of video game consoles →
# History of video games/Second generation of video game consoles
## Trends
### Flooded Market

A huge number of consoles and video games flooded the market. Many of these consoles and games were low quality, and made it difficult for consoles offering innovative features or quality games to compete. This was one factor which lead to the video game crash of 1983.

### Digital programmable computers

This generation, many game consoles contained basic 8-bit computers. Rarely 4-bit and 16-bit computers would be used, like in the Game & Watch platform (4-bit) or the Intellivision (16-bit), though this had minimal impact on console graphics which were primarily constrained by other factors. Cartridge based systems became normal during this generation, and the introduction of digital programmable computers allowed game consoles to run software, which permitted more varied games than what the console designers originally intended.

### Representative Graphics

This generation saw increased graphical capabilities of home game consoles, leading to less reliance on simple squares and rectangles in conjunction with overlays, and evolving to simple pixel artwork and rarely vector art. The pivotal choice between industry support for raster or vector graphics technology would hugely affect the industry going forward, with many genres of games favoring one or the other. The ultimate success of the use of raster graphics this generation would lead to their dominant use until the fifth generation of consoles. While these graphics would quickly be considered quite outdated by the mid to late 1980's, this step was a huge leap in quality and allowed more arcade style games to be played on home consoles.
This generation saw the first handheld consoles with basic screens. The displays were typically not visible in the dark and were monochrome only, but they still offered an improvement over the previous approach of using a few basic single color lights as output.

## References

* ↑ "No. 3038: The Video Game Crash of 1983". www.uh.edu. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
* ↑ "Game & Watch: Super Mario Bros. Review — Only 80s Kids Remember". DualShockers. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
* ↑ "Intellivision". kevtris.org. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
← First generation of video game consoles · Third generation of video game consoles →
# History of video games/Seventh generation of video game consoles
## References

← Sixth generation of video game consoles · Eighth generation of video game consoles →
# History of video games/Third generation of video game consoles
## Trends
### Improved hardware

By this point home console graphics became more capable, and were able to more easily represent characters and believable locations with colorful 2D graphics. Music began to take a bigger role in home game consoles.While consoles were still limited in their audio capabilities, many classic game soundtracks have their origins in this generation.
By this point, most home consoles contained most of their computer hardware in the console itself rather than in the cartridges, allowing for cheaper cartridges to be made. This freed up resources to either make cheaper cartridges, or to place enhancements in cartridges such as specialty chips that enhanced features such as audio. This generation also saw increased adoption of save game functionality, which was typically achieved with battery backed RAM located on the cartridge. Still, many games required gamers to save their progress by writing down a password which indicated their progress, and then re entering it when loading the game, which was a tedious endeavor.

### VHS consoles

A few companies attempted to leverage the audio visual capabilities of Video Home System (VHS) analog cassettes to improve the gaming experience, though no VHS consoles saw huge levels of success. By the fourth generation, companies pursing the same strategy would elect for the digital focused CD-ROM drives instead, though it would take till the fifth generation to see successful game consoles capable of full motion video.

## References

← Second generation of video game consoles · Fourth generation of video game consoles →
# Introduction to Anishinabe Culture and History/A1
## Appendix 1: Anishinabe groups and bands today

As follows is a listing of the Anishinabe groups and bands that exist today, with and without federal recognition, by state or province. The external link after the group's name leads to an official website or homepage.

### With United States federal recognition
#### Michigan

Bands and tribes
* Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians
* Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
* Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan
* Sault Ste. Marie Band of Chippewa Indians
Communities
* Bay Mills Indian Community of the Sault Ste. Marie Band of Chippewa Indians
* Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse of Chippewa Indians
* Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of Lac Vieux Desert of Chippewa Indians
* Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians

#### Minnesota

* Of the Minnesota Chippewa Nation of Minnesota (6 bands):
** Bois Fort (Nett Lake)
** Fond du Lac
** Grand Portage
** Leech Lake
** Mille Lacs
** White Earth
* Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation link 11 currently under construction

#### Montana

* Chippewa-Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation

#### North Dakota

* Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians

#### Wisconsin

Tribes and bands
* Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians
* Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians
* Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians
* Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians link 18 under construction
* Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indians (affiliated with Sokoagan Chippewa Community below)
* St. Croix Chippewa Indians
Communities
* Sokoagan Chippewa Community

### Without United States federal recognition

Michigan
* Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians
* Consolidated Bahwetig Ojibwe and Mackinac
* Lake Superior Chippewa of Marquette
Minnesota
* Kah-Bay-Kah-Nong (Warroad Chippewa)
* NI-MI-WIN Ojibways
* Sandy Lake Band of Ojibwe
Other States
* Little Shell Tribe of Chippewas - North Dakota and Montana
* Swan Creek and Black River Chippewa - Kansas and Montana
# Introduction to Anishinabe Culture and History/Bibliography
## Bibliography
### Lesson 1: A Brief History

* Ojibwe History
* Ojibwa - Overview, History, Migration to the Great Lakes, First Contact with Europeans
* Native Languages of the Americas: Ojibway, Anishinaabe, Chippewa
Wikipedia article: Anishinaabe

### Lesson 2: The Anishinabe and the Land, Part I

* Ojibwe History
* Ojibwa - Overview, History, Migration to the Great Lakes, First Contact with Europeans
* Native Languages of the Americas: Ojibway, Anishinaabe, Chippewa
* Traditional Native Maple Sugar
* Science Buzz: Maple Sugaring among the Ojibwe Indians
* What did they eat? for kids
* Words about time
Wikipedia article: Anishinaabe
# Introduction to Anishinabe Culture and History

This textbook is a companion text for the Introduction to Anishinabe culture course on our sister project, Wikiversity. It is an overview of the Anishinabe (also known as Ojibwe, Ojibwa or Chippewa) culture and their history in North America. It is currently in a first draft state, so please feel free to polish existing material or add your own!

## Contents

* A Brief History
* The Anishinabe and the Land

### Appendixes

* Bibliography
* Appendix 1 - Anishinabe groups and bands today
* Appendix 2 - Glossary

## Authors

* Trinity507
# Introduction to Anishinabe Culture and History/A2
## Appendix 2 - Alphabetical glossary of words and terms
### A

* Anishinabe, Anishinabeg: means "first people" (Anishinabeg is the plural). The chosen name of the Anishinabe tribe. Alternatively Anishinaabe or Anishinaabeg.

### B

* Bungi: alternate name for the Anishinabe tribe, specifically the Plains Anishinabe.

### C

* Chippewa: a disliked but common alternate name for the Anishinabe tribe; the official name of the tribe in government relations.

### D

* Dakota: a neighboring enemy tribe with whom the fighting (over land and resources) was particularly intense.

### F

* Fox (tribe): a neighboring, later enemy, tribe.

### G

* Git-chi'e Man-i-to': the creator or "Great Mystery" of the Anishinabe creation myth.

### J

* Jesuit, the Jesuits: Christian missionaries that were among the first to encounter the Anishinabe tribe.

### M

* Mississauga: alternate name for the Anishinabe tribe, specifically the Northern Anishinabe.

### O

* Ojibwa, Ojibway, Ojibwe: alternate names for the Anishinabe tribe (though Anishinabe is preferred).

### S

* Saultreax: an alternate name for the Anishinabe tribe.

### T

* Ten Cent Treaty: a settlement offered to the Anishinabe of the Turtle Mountain Reservation by the government, offering ten cents an acre for the ten million acres that were repossessed from the reservation for sale to Americans.
* Three Fires: a name used to collectively indicate the Anishinabe, Potawatomi and the Ottawa tribes.

### V

* Voyageur, the Voyageurs: French fur traders and explorers among the first to encounter the Anishinabe tribe.

### W

* Winnebago: a neighboring, later enemy, tribe.
# Manchu/Library/mentuhun gung alin be guribuhengge
## mentuhun gung alin be guribuhengge (The silly man moves a mountain - 愚公移山)

amargi alin mentuhun gung uyunju se oho. alin i ishun tehebi. terei tucire dosire de ildungga akv be ubiyafi，ini juse omosi be gaifi damjan meihereme xoro jafame necihiyeki serede. birai mudan i mergen sakda injefi ilibume hendume: asuru kai. sini mergen akv kai. sini ebereke se funcehe hvsun i alin i emu da funiyehe be efuleme muterakv sehede. mentuhun gung jabume：tuttu waka mini beye udu bucecibe，jui bikai, jui geli omolo be banjimbi, omolo geli jui be banjimbi, jui i jui omolo i omolo, mohon wajin akv kai. alin oci nemerakv aide terei necihiyeme muterakv

## Translation (译文)

《愚公移山》： 北山愚公，年九十，面山而居，恶其出入之不便，率其子孙，荷担执畚，欲平之。河曲智叟笑而止之曰：甚也矣。汝之不智也。以汝之残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛。愚公曰：不然，我身虽死，有子存焉，子又生孙，孙又生子，子子孙孙，无穷匮也。而山不增加，何惧其不能平。
# Manchu/Vocab 2
## Body Parts 身体 (Beye)

body 身 beye
eye 眼睛 yasa
nose 鼻子 oforo
nostril 鼻孔 oforo sangga
ear 耳朵 šan
mouth 口 angga
lip 唇 femen
tongue 舌 ilenggu
throat 喉 bilha
chin 下巴 secehe
beard, moustache 胡须 salu
neck 脖子 meifen
shoulder 肩 meiren
hand 手 gala
armpit 腋下 oho
elbow 肘 mayan
finger 手指 simhun
thumb 大拇指 ferhe
chest 胸 tunggen
belly 肚 hefeli
navel 肚脐 cungguru
back 背 fisa
waist 腰 darama
rump, buttocks 臀 ura
foot 脚 bethe
bone 骨头 giranggi
tendon 筋 sube
brain 脑子 fehi
marrow 骨髓 umgan
heart 心 niyaman
liver 肝 fahūn
spleen 脾 delihun
gall-bladder 胆 silhi
kidney 肾 bosho
blood 血 senggi
face 脸 dere
facial features 颜面 cira
breasts 乳房 meme/huhun
sweat 汗 nei
snot, mucus 鼻涕 niyaki

## Animals 动物 (Ulha)

lion 狮子 arsalan
gyrfalcon 海东青 šongkoro
Rat, mouse 鼠 singgeri
Ox, Cow 牛 ihan
Tiger 老虎 tasha
Rabbit 兔 gūlmahūn
Dragon 龙 muduri
Snake 蛇 meihe
Horse 马 morin
Goat, sheep 羊 honin
Monkey 猴 bonio
Rooster, Chicken 鸡 coko
Dog 狗 indahūn
Pig, boar 猪 ulgiyan
goose 鹅 niongniyaha
cat 猫 kesike
wild cat, steppe hare/jerboa 野猫；malahi
owl 猫头鹰 molto
eagle 鹰 giyahūn
bee 蜂 hibsujen
butterfly 蝶 gefehe
crow 乌鸦 gaha
wolf 狼 niohe (niohiru?)

## Colours 颜色 (Boco)

red 红 fulgiyan
yellow 黄 suwayan
white 白 šanggiyan
black 黑 sahaliyan
green 绿 niowanggiyan
gold 金色 haksan
dark 青色 yacin
# Manchu/Library/The Analects/orici fiyelen
## leolen gisuren - orici fiyelen

論語 堯曰第二十
| 1. yoo han -i hese, ai, šūn, si, abkai forgon ton sini beye de ohobi, tere dulimba be teng seme jafa, duini mederi oitobume mohoci, abkai fulun enteheme wajimbi sehebi. šūn han inu ereni ioi de afabuhabi. henduhengge, mini ajige beye lii, gelhun akū sahaliyan tukšan be baitalame, gelhun akū abkai han na -i han de iletuleme wesimbuki. weile bisirengge be, gelhun akū guweburakū, abkai han -i amba be daldarakū, abkai han -i mujilen de bulekušehebi, mini beye de weile bici, tumen baingge de daljakū, tumen baingge de weile bici, weile, mini biye de bi sehebi, jeo gurun, ambarame šangnaha de, sain niyalma, tereci bayakabi, udu hanci niyaman bihe seme, gosingga niyalma de isirakū, tanggū halai irgen -i wakašarangge, mini emu niyalma de ombi sehebi. toose miyalin be ciralara, fafun koli be kimcire, waliyabuha hafasa be tuwancihiyara jakade, duin ergi -i dasan yabuhabi. mukiyehe gurun be yendebure lakcaha jalan be sirabure, sula irgen be tukiyere jakade, abkai fejergi -i irgen mujilen dahahabi. ujelerengge irgen -i jeku, sinagan wecen. onco oci, geren be bahambi. akdun oci, irgen akdambi. kicebe oci, gungge mutebumbi. tondo oci, urgunjembi. | 1. 堯曰 咨 爾舜 天之歷數在爾躬 允執其中 四海困窮 天祿永終 舜亦以命禹 曰 予小子履 敢用玄牡 敢昭告於皇皇後帝 有罪不敢赦 帝臣不蔽 簡在帝心 朕躬有罪 無以萬方 萬方有罪 罪在朕躬 周有大賚 善人是富 雖有周親 不如仁人 百姓有過 在予壹人 謹權量 審法度 修廢官 四方之政行焉 興滅國 繼絕世 舉逸民 天下之民歸心焉 所重民食 喪祭 寬則得眾 信則民任焉 敏則有功 公則說 |
| 2. dzi jang, kungdzi de fonjime, adarame ohode, uthai dasan de danaci ombi, fudzi hendume, sunja sain be wesihulere, duin ehe be mishalara ohode, uthai dasan de danaci ombi, dzi jang fonjime, aibe sunja sain ombi, fudzi hendume, ambasa saisa, fulehun bime fayarakū. jobobumbime gasaburakū, buyembime doosi akū, elehun bime cokto akū, horonggo bime, hakcin akū, dzi jang hendume, aibe fulehun bime dayarakū sembi. fudzi hendume, irgen -i aisingga be dahame, aisi obure oci, ere inu fulehun bime fayarakūngge wakao. jobobuci acarangge be ilgafi jobobuci, we geli gasambi. gosin be buyefi gosin be bahaci, geli aibe doosidambi ambasa saisa geren komso de akū, amba ajige de akū gelhn akū heolederakū, ere inu elehun bime cokto akūngge wakao. ambasa saisa etuku mahala be tuwancihiyafi tuwaa šara be ambalinggū obuci, terei doronggo be niyalma sabume olhombi. ere inu horonggo bime hakcin akūngge wakao. dzi jang hendume, aibe duin ehe sembi. fudzi hendume, tacibuhakū bime waci, oshon sembi, tacibuhakū bime mutere be nikebuci, doksin sembi, selgiyen elhe boljohongge hahi oci, ebderen sembi, eicibe niyalma de bumbime, bure gaijara de jibge oci, tuwakiyaha urse sembi. | 2. 子張問於孔子曰 何如斯可以從政矣 子曰 尊五美 屏四惡 斯可以從政矣 子張曰 何謂五美 子曰 君子惠而不費 勞而不怨 欲而不貪 泰而不驕 威而不猛 子張曰 何謂惠而不費 子曰 因民之所利而利之 斯不亦惠而不費乎 擇可勞而勞之 又誰怨 欲仁而得仁 又焉貪 君子無眾寡 無小大 無敢慢 斯不亦泰而不驕乎 君子正其衣冠 尊其瞻視 儼然人望而畏之 斯不亦威而不猛乎 子張曰 何謂四惡 子曰 不教而殺謂之虐 不戒視成謂之暴 慢令致期謂之賊 猶之與人也 出納之吝謂之有司 |
| 3. fudzi hendume, hesebun be sarkū oci, aini ambasa saisa ombi. dorolon be sarkū oci, aini ilimbi. gisun be sarkū oci, aini niyalma be sambi. | 3. 子曰 不知命 無以為君子也 不知禮 無以立也 不知言 無以知人也 |
# Manchu/Library/usiha be toloro jui
## usiha be toloro jui (The boy that counts stars - 数星星的孩子)

usiha be toloro jui dobori ome, abkai jalu usiha aimaka ton akv nicuhe be niowanggiyan gu i alikv de sindaha adali sabubumbi. emu jui hvwa i dolo mama de nikeme tefi, uju be wesihun karafi, abkai untuhun be jorime usiha be tolombi. tere emken, juwe seme emu siran i udu tanggv usihai siden toloho. mama injeme gisureme: beliyen jui, geli usiha be tolome deribuhe. tenteke labdu usiha, gilir gilir seme balai axxandume. yasa gemu ilgaxara de, si tolome wajibume mutembio serede, jui gisureme: mama, tuwame sabure oci, uthai tolome wajibume mutembi, usiha udu axxamaha secibe, umai balai axxamahakvbi. mama tuwa, ere usiha deri tere usihai siden, da an i tenteke goro bihebi sehe. yeye yabume jifi gisureme: jui, sini tuwahangge jaci narhvn bime kimciku. abkai dele bihe usiha udu axxacibe,tesei siden i giyalabun umai kvbulirkv. musei mafari sa tesebe emu meyen emu meyen obume dendefi, kemuni gebu colo buhebi sehe. yeye biji ilinjafi, amargi ergi abkai untuhun be jorifi gisureme: si tuwa, tere nadan usiha, holbome acabuha de aimaka emu maxa i adali, terei gebu be naihv usiha sembi. tereci giyalabuhangge, goro akv bade bihe tere emu usiha, gebu be hadaha usiha sembi. naihv usiha daruhai hadaha usiha be horgime torgimbi sehe. yeye i gisurehe gisun mujangga bihenio? ere jui emu dobori sain i amgahakv, udu geri ilifi usiha be tuwaha. tere yala naihv usiha hadaha usiha be elheken i horgire be getuken i sabuha. ere usiha be toloro jui i gebu be jang heng sembi. han gurun forgon i niyalma. i mutume hvwaxame amba oho amala, abkai xu be sithvme sibkime fuhaxaha ofi, gebu algikan abkai xu i tacihasi ohobi.

## Translation (译文)

翻译：
数星星的孩子 到了夜晚，满天的星星，看起来好像把无数的珍珠放在绿玉盘上一样。有一个 孩子在院子里靠着奶奶坐着，抬头仰望，指着天空数星星。他一个两个的，直 数到几百个星星。 奶奶笑着说：傻孩子，又开始数起星星来了，星星那么多，闪闪乱动，眼睛都 花了，你能数得完吗？孩子说：奶奶，要是看得见的话，就能数得完。星星虽 然移动并不是乱动。奶奶看，从这颗星星到那颗星星之间，仍然那么远。 爷爷走过来说，孩子，你的观察很仔细。天上的星星虽然移动，但他们之间的 距离，并不会改变。我们的祖先把他们分成一个一个的星座，还给了名号。爷 爷停了片刻，指着北方的天空说，你看，那七颗星星，连接起来，就像勺子一 样，他的名字叫做北斗星。离他不远的那一颗，名字叫做北极星。北斗星常常 绕着北极星旋转。爷爷说的话是真的吗？这个孩子一个没睡好，几次起来观察 星星。他果真轻轻楚楚的看见北斗星慢慢的绕着北极星旋转。 这个数星星的孩子，名叫张衡。是汉朝时候的人。他长大以后，因为专心研究 天文，成为著名的天文学家。