OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# What is Communism/Introduction

| When I feed the hungry, they call me a saint. When I ask why people are hungry, they call me a Communist. ("Quando dou comida aos pobres chamam-me de santo. Quando pergunto por que eles são pobres chamam-me de comunista.") --Dom Helder Camara$^1$ The Raised Fist | Introduction Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims to establish a communist society, i.e. a society where there is no social class, money and state and is based on the common ownership of the means of production. Many ideologies like Marxist Communism and Free Communism are included in Communism. Although there are different approaches, the common character in all communist ideologies is the belief that the present order of the world is because of its capitalist economic system. According to communism, there are two classes of people, the working class-- who have no choice but to work to survive and the capitalist class-- who earn profit through the labour of the workers, as the capitalists privately own property. According to communists, it is clear that majority of the people are working class people and the capitalists form a minority. Political, social and economic conflict between the two classes is thought to trigger a fundamental change in the economic system, and by extension, a wide ranging transformations in the society. Social ownership of the means of production is to act as a primary element in the transformation according to this analysis.|} |
1/From Wikiquote
Contents.... Wikijunior:What is Communism/Introduction Wikijunior:What is Communism/Class Struggle Wikijunior:What is Communism/Class Consciousness Wikijunior:What is Communism/Classless Society Wikijunior:What is Communism/Communist Society Wikijunior:What is Communism/Commune Wikijunior:What is Communism/Why or why not socialism Wikijunior:What is Communism/World Revolution Wikijunior:What is Communism/History of Communism- how people tried to achieve a communist society
# Visual Basic for Applications/Array Data To Immediate Window
## Summary

This VBA code module allows the listing of arrays in the immediate window. So that the user can see examples of its use, it makes use of various procedures that fill the array for demonstration and testing. The VBA code runs in MS Excel but is easily adapted for any of the MS Office products that run VBA. Clearly, mixed data varies in length and in its number of decimal points. This module displays the array neatly taking account of the variations that might otherwise disrupt the layout. It can decimal point align the data or not, according to internal options.

## Code Notes

* DispArrInImmWindow is the main procedure. It formats and prints data found on the two dimensional input array. It prints on the VBA Editor's Immediate Window. Options include the printing of data as found or making use of decimal rounding and alignment. The entire output print is also available as a string for external use. The process depends on monospaced fonts being set for any display, including the VBA editor.
* RndAlphaToArr, RndNumericToArr, and RndMixedDataToArr load an array with random data. The data is random in the content and length of elements, but in addition, numerics have random integer and decimal parts. Each allows adjustment of options internally to accommodate personal preferences.
* TabularAlignTxtOrNum is not used in this demonstration. It is included for those who prefer to format each individual column of an array during the loading process. Its input variant takes a single string or number and returns the formatted result in a user-set fixed field width. The number of decimal places of rounding can be set. Note that when all data in a column of a numeric array is loaded with the same parameters, the result is always decimal point alignment.
* WriteToFile is a monospaced font, text file-making procedure. If the file name does not exist, it will be made and saved automatically. Each save of text will completely replace any previously added. It is added here in case a user needs to save an output greater than that possible for the Immediate Window. The Immediate Window is limited to about two hundred lines of code, so large arrays should make use of the main procedure's sOut string. Again, wherever outputs from the main procedure are used, monospaced fonts are assumed.
* Note that the user might add a procedure to export large values of sOut, the formatted string, to the clipboard. Procedures exist elsewhere in this series that will accomplish this.

## The VBA Module

Copy the entire code module into a standard VBA module, save the file as type .xlsm and run the top procedure. Be sure to set monospaced fonts for the VBA editor or the object will have been defeated.

### Updates

* 26 Nov 2019: Adjusted DispArrInImmWindow code to better estimate maximum column width, taking account of imposed decimal places.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Array Data To WorkSheet (1D or 2D)
### Summary

This MS Excel VBA code listing transfers data from a one or two dimensional array to a worksheet.

### Code Notes

* Arr1Dor2DtoWorksheet transfers data from an array to a specified worksheet, and at a specified location within it. It takes one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrays, and is able to distinguish between them, prior to the transfer. Non-array inputs are detected as are arrays that are not allocated. One-dimensional arrays are transferred into a sheet row in all cases. Two-dimensional arrays are displayed in the same row and column shape as in the array. There are no facilities in the procedure to transpose data, but procedures exist elsewhere in this series for that purpose.

### The VBA Module

* Copy the entire code listing into a VBA standard module and run the top procedure. Save the worksheet as type .xlsm. Comment and de-comment lines in the top procedure and adjust parameters to test the main procedure.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Backup Text Boxes on Close
## Summary

This VBA code is written for Microsoft Excel but is easily adapted to other applications in the MS Office set. It saves all of the text from a user form's text boxes in a log file whenever the form is closed. Then later, on re-opening the form, or at any other time, the user can fill the boxes with the most recent saved text.

## The VBA Code

* The code needs a user form called Userform1, two text boxes, TextBox1 and TextBox2, and a command button called CommandButton1. Set the UserForm1 property ShowModal to false for convenient study. Copy the code below into the three respective modules and save the workbook with an xlsm file suffix.
* Any code that is found in text boxes will be saved when the user form closes. This includes inadvertent closure of the user form or the deliberate closing of the workbook. It does not of course protect against the effect of power failures. The saving of data happens without intervention, so may need consideration if the storage of sensitive data is to be avoided.
* The log file is called SavedText.txt, and will be found in the same folder as the workbook. If a log file of that name is not found, then it will be made by the code for use. The log file has only two fields, the text box name and the string contents found in it. The comma separator was avoided in favor of the less likely encountered string >Break<.
* The saving function runs from the UserForm_QueryClose event. SaveTextBoxes makes a log string in a userform controls loop, then exports the string via WriteToFile.
* WriteToFile makes a log file if it does not exist, but otherwise overwrites any text that it finds, so that only the most recently saved session will be found there. Users who employ the logging procedure elsewhere should note that an extra Cr and Lf are stored at the end of logged entries, and might need consideration.
* RestoreTextBoxes runs only by pressing CommandButton1, so the user chooses whether or not to insert text. GetAllFileText imports all of the log file's contents at once with the file retaining contents until it is next overwritten. The string is split twice, once to break it into lines, that is, one for each text box record, and then again to break each record into its two fields for matching control names in the main transfer loop.

## Code Changes

8 March 2019: Changed data separator from comma to other, in Standard Module
# Visual Basic for Applications/Array Output Transfers
## Summary

This VBA code module demonstrates four basic methods of array display. It is intended to run in MS Excel, though with the exception of the first method, transfer to the worksheet, it could be adapted easily for MS Word or other MS Office applications that run VBA.

## Code Notes

* The code first loads an array with selected random data. Then the entire array is transferred to the worksheet. The data is further formatted and displayed in the immediate window, in well spaced columns. An additional copy of the formatted output is passed to the clipboard for further external use, and it is also sent to a text file to illustrate the method.
* RndDataToArr can load an array with random data. The data types can be set as parameters, and further limits can be found within the procedure itself. Alpha, integer, decimal, dates, and mixed data are available, most random in both length and content.
* Arr1Dor2DtoWorksheet can transfer either a one-dimensional or two dimensional array to a worksheet. It can be positioned at any location. It checks that an array exists,that it is allocated, and its number of dimensions in setting the transfer range.
* DispArrInImmWindow formats and displays a 2D array in the immediate window of the VBA editor. It takes account of all data length in setting the well aligned columns. There are parameters to set maximum decimal places and the choice of decimal point alignment or raw data. The layout can handle mixed columns of text and numbers, though it has best appearance when all data of a column is of the same type. The whole array's formatted output is available as a single string for external use, useful for arrays beyond 199 rows, as too big for the immediate window.
* CopyToClip is used to pass a string to the clipboard. It is used here to upload the formatted array string. The clipboard will retain the contents only until the calling application (Excel) closes. It should be noted that other clipboard procedures in this series retain their content until the Windows platform closes.
* GetFromClip retrieves the contents of the clipboard. It is used here purely for demonstration. It passes the entire formatted string of the array to a text file.
* WriteToFile opens and writes to a named text file. It completely replaces any text that it already contains. If the file does not exist the procedure makes it, in the same directory as the Excel file itself.

## The VBA Code Module

Copy the entire code listing into an Excel VBA module, and run the top procedure to test the four array transfer methods. Save the file as type xlsm. The code writes to Sheet1, and to the immediate window of the VBA editor. Further array listings will be found on the clipboard and in a text file made for the purpose.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Avoiding Change Event Recursion
## Summary

* This VBA code is intended to run in Microsoft Office applications that can run macros, like Excel or Word.
* It provides two different examples of a text box change event, one for TextBox1 and another for TextBox2.
* It will be noted that on displaying the form and entering one character into TextBox1, the resulting number found there is about 290 or so; this is coded to show the number of iterations of the change event that have taken place.
* Doing the same in TextBox2 shows that there has been just one run of the event.
* The code of the TextBox2_Change event avoids multiple runs of the procedure, avoiding the possibility of false results in certain circumstances.
# Visual Basic for Applications/A Pseudo Random Character Table
## Summary

This code module is intended for MS Excel. It makes a pseudo random table of characters, integers and capitals in this case, on Sheet1. A new and different table is made each time the procedure is run.

## The Table

* Copy the code into a standard VBA module in Excel, and run the procedure MakePseudoRandomTable to make a table. As shown, Sheet1 will be overwritten.
* The output uses a monospaced font, Consolas, for the clearest layout and type. In addition to ensuring a neat layout vertically and horizontally, monospaced tables allow the reading of sequences on a diagonal, so greatly extend their usefulness.
* Adjust the size of the table by changing the values nRows, and nCols in the code heading, and if necessary insert the name of the sheet to use. The code will add numbered row and column headings and will add these to each page that is displayed or printed.
* If an exact number of columns and rows is needed, adjust the margins for the sheet, and perhaps the font size until the required result is obtained.
* The proportion of integers to capitals is just 10/36, but is easily changed in code with a little effort.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Big Number Arithmetic with Strings
## Summary

* This VBA module is intended for Microsoft Excel but can run with minor changes in any of the MS Office applications with a VBA editor.
* The data types of VBA prevent big number calculations. That is to say, beyond twenty or thirty digits, and even then much care is needed to avoid overflow. Strings have few such restrictions, being limited in most cases to the size of the memory space of the application.
* The code module below includes most of the basic arithmetic functions without any size restriction.
* The work is not by this author, but credit should be given to Rebecca Gabriella's String Math Module notes at Big Integer Library. This author has made only cosmetic changes to the work, and added a test procedure to illustrate its use.

## Code Notes

* The module includes functions for the following: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, all using integer strings. Also included are conversion functions to restore base10 from some other base, and to produce a new base from some existing base10 input. Other support functions such as RealMod are also included.
* No output code to the sheet has been provided. Owing to Excel's habit of truncating numbers, even if they are strings, users who want to use the worksheet should concatenate an apostrophe before the display string to prevent this happening. The apostrophe will not be displayed. It is unclear how else this device affects the subsequent use of the numbers.
* A remainder after division is produced. It can be found as sLastRemainder, and is public.
* Users who install code in MS Access should change the Option Compare Text to Option Compare DataBase. The former is intended for MS Excel.

## Added Big Math Fuctions

* Factorial makes use of Multiply and other integer math functions of the main module. It is of course fairly slow but is not otherwise limited in any practical way. The code has been arbitrarily limited to calculating values up to 1000!, but this can be adjusted by the user. DoEvents is important here, since it allows breaking the run if an unwise attempt is made. Reciprocal factorials and negative factorials are not handled here.
* IntStrByExp raises integer strings to an exponent. Again, negative exponents cannot yet be handled in this procedure, though the number to raise can take a negative value.

## External Links

* Rebecca Gabriella's String Math Module: Big Integer Library for VBA (Visual Basic for Applications).
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Chest And Abdomen Acupuncture Points

Lung Meridian | Large Intestine Meridian | Stomach Meridian | Spleen Meridian | Heart Meridian | Small Intestine Meridian | Urinary Bladder Meridian | Kidney Meridian | Pericardium Meridian | San Jiao Meridian | Gallbladder Meridian | Liver Meridian | Ren Mai | Du Mai | Head And Neck Acupuncture Points | Chest And Abdomen Acupuncture Points | Back Acupuncture Points | Upper Extremities Acupuncture Points | Lower Extremities Acupuncture Points
The acupuncture point of the Chest and Abdomen (胸腹穴) is:
| Chinese Name | Pinyin | Acupoint |
| 子宫 | zǐ gōng | EX-CA1 |
back to: Acupuncture
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Clearing Away Heat By Nourishing Yin

* Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang
* Qin Jiao Bie Jia San
* Bai He Zhi Mu Tang
* Zi Yin Jiang Huo Tang
* Da Bu Yin Wan
* San Wu Huang Qin Tang
back to :
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Classification And Nomenclature Of Pulse Qualities

Pulse Positions | Basic Pulse Axioms | Methodology Of Taking The Pulse | Classification And Nomenclature Of Pulse Qualities | Rhythm And Stability Of The Pulse | Rate Of The Pulse | Our RSP | Volume Of The Pulse | Depth Of The Pulse | Size: Width And Length Of The Pulse | Shape Of The Pulse | Individual Positions Of The Pulse | Pulse Qualities As Signs Of Psychological Disharmony | Prognosis And Prevention | Pulse Interpretation

## Classification And Nomenclature
### The Nine Principal Qualities

The nine principal categories of qualities are:
* Rhythm
* Stability
* Rate
* Volume
* Depth
* Width
* Length
* Wave
* Shape
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Clearing Away Heat And Dispelling Dampness

* Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan
* San Ren Tang
* Xuan Bi Tang
* Yi Yi Ren Tang
* Ku Shen Tang
back to :
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Classification Of Prescriptions

Formulas (also known as prescriptions) have been classified as follows:
* External-Releasing Prescriptions
* Downward Draining Prescriptions
* Harmonizing Prescriptions
* Exterior And Interior-Releasing Prescriptions
* Heat-Clearing Prescriptions
* Summer-Heat Dispelling Prescriptions
* Interior-Warming Prescriptions
* Tonic Formulations
* Shen-Calming Prescriptions
* Orifice-Opening Prescriptions
* Astringent Prescriptions
* Qi-Regulating Prescriptions
* Blood-Regulating Prescriptions
* Wind-Expelling Prescriptions
* Dryness-Relieving Prescriptions
* Damp-Dispelling Prescriptions
* Wind-Damp Dispelling Prescriptions
* Phlegm-Dispelling Prescriptions
* Reducing, Guiding, and Dissolving Prescriptions
* Anti-Parasitic Prescriptions
* Emetic Prescriptions
* Formulations That Treat Abscesses And Sores
Reference: John K Chen and Tina Chen: "Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications". Art of Medicine Press Inc. 2009. ISBN-10: 0-9740635-7-6
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Clearing Away Heat From Both Qifen And Xuefen

* Qing Wen Bai Du Yin
* Hua Ban Tang
back to :
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Chai Hu Qing Gan Tang

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the classic formula "Chai Hu Qing Gan Tang" (柴胡清肝汤), also known as "Chai Hu Qing Gan Yin", consists of the following ingredients:
| Transliteration | Chinese Term | Grams |
| Dang Gui | 当归 | 6g |
| Chuan Xiong | 川芎 | 6g |
| Bai Shao Yao | 白芍药 | 9g |
| Shu Di Huang | 熟地黄 | 6g |
| Huang Bai | 黄柏 | 6g |
| Huang Qin | 黄芩 | 6g |
| Huang Lian | 黄连 | 6g |
| Shan Zhi Zi | 山栀子 | 6g |
| Chai Hu | 柴胡 | 6g |
| Bo He | 薄荷 | 6g |
| Jie Geng | 桔梗 | 6g |
| Niu Bang Zi | 牛蒡子 | 9g |
| Tian Hua Fen | 天花粉 | 9g |
| Lian Qiao | 连翘 | 6g |
| Gan Cao | 甘草 | 6g |
back to:
* Subduing Swelling And Dissolving Lumps By Clearing Away Heat And Removing Poison
* Formula Design
* Prescriptions
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Chai Hu Shu Gan San

The formula Chai Hu Shu Gan San, designed to soothe the liver to relieve stagnant qi, to activate the flow of qi to stop pain, consists of the following:
| No. | Pinyin | Simplified Chinese | Grams |
| 1 | Chen Pi | 陈皮 | 6 |
| 2 | Chai Hu | 柴胡(北柴胡) | 6 |
| 3 | Chuan Xiong | 川芎 | 6 |
| 4 | Xiang Fu | 香附 | 6 |
| 5 | Zhi Ke | 枳壳 | 6 |
| 6 | Bai Shao Yao | 白芍药 | 6 |
| 7 | Gan Cao | 甘草 | 3 |
back to:
* Soothing The Liver By Regulating Qi
* Formula Design
* Prescriptions
# Traditional Chinese Medicine/Chan Tui

Name Means:
Chan-Cicada
Tui-Exuviae of insect
English Name:
Chinese Name:
Latin Name:
Taste & Temperature:
* Gan-Sweet
* Xian-Salty
* Wei-Slightly Han-Cold
Channels:
* Hand Tai Yin of Lung
* Foot Jue Yin of Liver
Actions & Indications:
* disperse Wind-Heat (Spicy & Cool)
* benefit throat, release rashes
* clear the eyes
* stop itching
* extinguish Wind, stop spasm
Contraindication:
* Qi & Yin deficiency causing excessive sweating
* deficiency Exterior pattern
Caution:
* Yin syndrome
* Blood deficiency
* chronic skin infection
* pregnancy
Dosage:
back to:
* Xin Liang Jie Biao
* TCM Materia Medica

## Notes

* ↑ Ming-Zhe Xu, Woo Song Lee, Jong-Min Han, Hyun-Woo Oh, Doo-Sang Park, Guan-Rong Tian, Tae-Sook Jeong, Ho-Yong Park. "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of N-acetyldopamine dimers from Periostracum Cicadae",Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 14, Issue 23, 1 December 2006, Pages 7826-7834.
# Trigonometry/Prerequisites and Basics

To be able to study Trigonometry successfully, it is recommended that students complete Geometry and Algebra prior to digging in to the course material. Students should also be familiar with the arithmetic of the real number system. It is helpful to have a graphing calculator and graph paper on hand to be able to follow along as well. If one is not available, software available on sites such as GraphCalc or GeoGebra may be helpful. Geometric constructions proposed in the text can be drawn using Geops, free software for performing geometric constructions in the manner of the Ancient Greeks.
Next Page: In simple terms
Home: Trigonometry
# Trigonometry/Law of Cosines
## Law of Cosines

The Pythagorean theorem is a special case of the more general theorem relating the lengths of sides in any triangle, the law of cosines:
    $a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab\cos(\theta )=c^{2}$
where $\theta$ is the angle between sides $a$ and $b$ .

### Does the formula make sense?

This formula had better agree with the Pythagorean Theorem when $\theta =90^{\circ }$ .
So try it...
When $\theta =90^{\circ }$ , $\cos(\theta )=\cos(90^{\circ })=0$
The $-2ab\cos(\theta )=0$ and the formula reduces to the usual Pythagorean theorem.

## Permutations

For any triangle with angles $A,B,C$ and corresponding opposite side lengths $a,b,c$ , the Law of Cosines states that
    $a^{2}=b^{2}+c^{2}-2bc\cdot \cos(A)$
    $b^{2}=a^{2}+c^{2}-2ac\cdot \cos(B)$
    $c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab\cdot \cos(C)$

### Proof

Dropping a perpendicular $OC$ from vertex $C$ to intersect $AB$ (or $AB$ extended) at $O$ splits this triangle into two right-angled triangles $AOC$ and $BOC$ , with altitude $h$ from side $c$ .
First we will find the lengths of the other two sides of triangle $AOC$ in terms of known quantities, using triangle $BOC$ .
    $h=a\sin(B)$
Side $c$ is split into two segments, with total length $c$ .
    ${\overline {OB}}$ has length ${\overline {BC}}\cos(B)=a\cos(B)$
    ${\overline {AO}}={\overline {AB}}-{\overline {OB}}$ has length $c-a\cos(B)$
Now we can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find $b$ , since $b^{2}={\overline {AO}}^{2}+h^{2}$ .
    $b^{2}$ $={\biglc-a\cos(B){\bigr )}^{2}+a^{2}\sin ^{2}(B)$ $=c^{2}-2ac\cos(B)+a^{2}\cos ^{2}(B)+a^{2}\sin ^{2}(B)$ $=a^{2}+c^{2}-2ac\cos(B)$
The corresponding expressions for $a$ and $c$ can be proved similarly.
The formula can be rearranged:
    $\cos(C)={\frac {a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2}}{2ab}}$
and similarly for $cos(A)$ and $cos(B)$ .

## Applications

This formula can be used to find the third side of a triangle if the other two sides and the angle between them are known. The rearranged formula can be used to find the angles of a triangle if all three sides are known. See Solving Triangles Given SAS.

## Notes

* ↑ Lawrence S. Leff (2005-05-01). cited work. Barron's Educational Series. p. 326. ISBN 0764128922.
| previous module: "Law of Sines" | • Table of Contents | next module: "Solving Triangles Given ASA" |