OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# IWU Ed.D. Organizational Leadership Study Guide/Emotional Intelligence

Be aware that there is considerable controversy as to whether EI is a defensible concept. Dr. Ludden is presenting a paper at the Midwest Scholar's Conference challenging the role of emotion, as opposed to cognition in leadership. I am doing some lit review type of research for him and there are a number of articles that challenge EI based on the lack of empirical evidence defining the concept, the lack of empirical evidence showing that it can be measured, and, finally, the lack of empirical evidence that there is any relationship between EI and leadership success. As I progress with the research, I will add details but for now, here is a list of references:
These guys are having an ongoing debate on the subject and Antonakis' stuff pretty much sums up the issue. He doesn't pull any punches and as much as calls EI worthless and made up pop psychology!
# Mathematica/Output

Mathematica excels at enabling the user to produce complicated output. Indeed, it is an integral component of many a Scientific and Technical publications.
There are many solutions for producing the large amount of symbols and structures used by modern mathematics. Most of these are concerned with little more than ensuring that symbols are accurately placed upon the printed page or screen. Mathematica, on the other hand, excels at not only on ensuring the placement, yet also performing the underlying calculations and symbolic manipulations that ultimately define the meaning those symbols. Indeed, one omitted or inaccurately placed symbol may alter the entire meaning and render the entire publication useless for its author and audience.
Mathematica supports the notion of Input and Output Forms which govern its understanding of how to interpret input and process output.
Input forms are...
Output forms are...
Mathematica also integrates well with exceedingly popular page languages such TeX. And, for those needing to publish output as an element of a webpage, Mathematica supports relatively recent MathML.
# Mathematica/Notebook

Mathematica has, since its creation, advanced rapidly as a system for Scientific and Technical publishing. Because of this, its basic facilities for the creation and management of 'code' are tightly coupled with those features used for production of presentations and publications. This has made it an extremely attractive system to those who wish to experiment as they write.
With the Notebook interface, one may
* Write publication quality text
* Experiment with the entire Wolfram Language
* Create publication quality Visualizations
* Embed data in a structured manner
Such features require a bit more than the usual line oriented source code editor with which many of us are familiar. With the inclusion of direct support for Wolfram Alpha, there is a rich capability that goes far beyond than that which is immediately apparent to the first time user.
When opening a blank Mathematica Notebook, there are a few things going on that a first time user might not expect.
Each so-called 'line' within a Notebook has information associated with it that is not show by default. Below, you may see what is actually stored within a document after the user has inserted a single, blank line.
...after entering a simple calculation...
... And, after executing that line using SHIFT-ENTER.
If you have had some experience with Mathematica, you will immediately note that everything shown is a valid statement within the Wolfram language. Thats because, to Mathematica and many other so-called Functional Languages, code is no-different than data. As data, its meant to be manipulated in whatever manner best allows the user to achieve the results that they desire.
That being said, none of the what is depicted above is necessary for Wolfram code to execute. Neither is the Notebook Interface required to develop Mathematica solutions. Indeed, you may write Mathematica programs using any standard text editor. Including favorites such as vi, Emacs, or, for Windows users, Notepad.
Note that other Applications have recently implemented features that are similar to Mathematica's notebook interface. On Macintosh Xcode, Apple's Integrated Development Environment (IDE), has had a feature called Playground since version 6. Xamarin Studio, has its Sketch feature. And, still other IDE's such as Visual Studio, Eclipse, and JetBrain's Intelli-J Idea, all have various integrated and 3rd party solutions whose purpose to allow users to see what happens immediately when they type a line, or lines, of code.
# Mathematica/FlowControl
## Control Flow
### For Loop

For[start, test, incr, body] executes start, then repeatedly evaluates body and incr until test fails to give True.
Example:

### While Loop

While[test, body] evaluates test, then body, repetitively, until test first fails to give True.
Example: Define a Function f[x]
Use the function in a while loop to calculate the sum of those terms.
Note that the roles of ; and , are reversed relative to the C programming language.
# Mathematica/Paradigms
### Multiple programming paradigms

Mathematica permits multiple approaches to programming. Consider this example: we want a table of values of gcd(x, y) for 1 ≤ x ≤ 5, 1 ≤ y ≤ 5.
The most concise approach is to use one of the many specialized functions:
There are at least three other approaches to this:
An APL-style approach:
Outer corresponds to the generalized outer product operator, Range corresponds to the iota operator. Outer admits general functions, whether they be named, or anonymous. Anonymous functions are specified by using #n to as the function argument and appending an &. The above function could be equivalently specified as Outer[GCD[#1, #2] &, Range[5], Range[5]].
An approach using loops:
Observe that this solution is considerably larger than the previous ones.
# Mathematica/CommonStructures
### Common structures and manipulations

One guiding principle in Mathematica is a unified structure behind almost all objects representable in Mathematica. For example, the expression $x^{4}+1$ if entered will be represented as if it were written:
If the FullForm command is used on this expression however:
All objects in Mathematica, except atomic ones such as symbols, numbers, and strings, have the basic form head[e$_1$, e$_2$, ...] (which may be displayed or entered in some other fashion). For example, the head of the above expression is Plus. Lists have this structure too, where the head is List, and the elements are e$_1$, e$_2$, etc. The concept of head is defined for atomic objects as well (Symbol for symbols, Integer for whole numbers, etc.), but they have no extractable subparts.
This principle permits ordinary expressions unrelated to lists to be operated on with list operators:
The reverse can also occur -- lists can be modified to behave like ordinary expressions:
where the Apply function changes the head of its second argument to that of the first, and Map behaves like the map function found in many functional languages. Note that Log[b,x] is the base b logarithm, which is converted to Log[x]/Log[b] on input.
Because of this equivalence between a regular mathematical object represented in Mathematica to that of a simple list structure, some built-in Mathematica functions permit threading, where functions map themselves over lists without much further specification. Indeed, Apply threads itself over lists when invoked as
where the third argument being a 1 specifies that Apply replaces the heads of its argument only at the first level in the list, which is what we want, and is equivalent to the above example.
# Mathematica/Getting Started
## Installation

If you have just obtained a copy of Mathematica, you will need to install it on your system. To do this, you should follow the instructions that come with your copy.

## Interfacing with Mathematica

Mathematica runs as a "kernel" which performs the calculations and the "front-end" with which it communicates with the user by input and output. Mathematica can be used either through interactive "notebook" files or through a command prompt-style text interface.

### Notebook Interface

The notebook style interface can be started by clicking a Mathematica icon or a Mathematica entry on the start menu. When this is done, a blank notebook is opened.
You can then input commands into the notebook interface. Pressing Shift-Enter executes the command and produces the output you desire.
When a command is executed, it is labeled automatically by In[n]:=, where "n" is a unique identifier (for that session) for your input. The corresponding output is labeled Out[n]:=. For example, consider the following command where you add 2 and 3. You simply type "2+3 and press Shift-Enter. The notebook will then display the following:

#### Quitting

To quit the notebook, you may click the "X" in the top-right of the notebook window, or press Ctrl-F4 or select the Close menu item in the File menu. This will prompt you to save if the notebook has been edited since the last save. To close the whole of Mathematica, click the "X" in the top right of the Mathematica window, or select the Exit option on the File menu.

### Text Interface

The text interface can be started in a terminal (command “math”). Input is entered as usual but it's only necessary to press “enter” to execute commands (some characters though cannot be entered — greek letters, integrals, etc. — but equivalent commands will exist). Because of the terminal's limitations, the output is formatted differently from the graphical interface: when possible formulae are rendered with 2D constructs mimicking fractions, exponents, etc., while plots are not shown (a string “-Graphics-” appears instead).
To quit the text interface, one can use the “Quit” command or type an “end of file” character (Unix: Ctrl-D).
The text interface is most suitable to the batch execution of code or remote development when desktop sharing isn't an option (either because the bandwidth doesn't allow it or when there are restrictions preventing one from resorting to the notebook interface). This can be done by writing the code in a file and tell Mathematica to run it. This would typically be run as follows:
# Mathematica/Palettes

Palettes are simply Notebooks embodying functionality that may be usefully applied to other Notebooks.
Palettes, though they are Notebooks themselves, are not editable while they are being used as such. However, unless specific steps are taken prevent such an occurrence, opening a Palette as a Notebook will allow the modification of its content.
As stated in the previous paragraph, any Notebook may be opened as a Palette. This is done by selecting the menu item "Palettes->Install Palette" and browsing for a Notebook. However, the distinction between Palettes and Notebooks remains in effect. To reiterate, any Notebook opened in this manner shall not be editable for the duration of its use as a Palette.
Palettes provide collections of functionality that is often times re-usable across Notebooks. There are even some Palettes available that implement a reasonable facsimile of tabbed user interfaces for Notebooks. A feature that, for some reason, does not currently exist within Mathematica as shipped.
Regardless of personal observations, any time that, no matter which Notebook you are using, you find yourself repeating the same steps that functionality becomes a candidate for encapsulation within a Palette.
# Mathematica/Polar Surface Plots

There is no built in function to make a polar 3D surface plot (that is, height governed by radius and angle). However,a small amount of code allows us to draw one using the identities between Cartesian and polar coordinate systems:
       $x=r\cos \left(\theta \right)\,$
       $y=r\sin \left(\theta \right)\,$
How we will do this is to construct a table of values corresponding to the height for a range of angles and radii. Let's us use the function below as an example:
       $f\left(r,\theta \right)=r\sin \left(\theta \right)\,$
The first step in constructing our table is to define the function and to state the distance between plot points we would like:
Now, we construct our table of height values according to the information above:
At this point, we can plot the table of data in Cartesian coordinates by using ListPlot3D, with r on on the x-axis, θ on the y-axis and f(r,θ) on the z-axis. This gives an ordinary SurfaceGraphics output.
The image below shows the SurfaceGraphics output, gr1. Note that in this example, the image has been antialiased. Please see the image page for the antialisaing code.
We now convert the SurfaceGraphics object to a Graphics3D object, gr2,:
This is the point at which we transform our Cartesian plot into a polar plot using the relations above. We first define a rule to perform the transformation on a point given by a list of three numbers in the form {x,y,z}. We shall call it "substitution":
Now, we use the ReplaceAll function to go through the Graphics3D object, gr2, and find every polygon point. We set polygon points (a list of three numbers) to be a pattern object using the ":" operator and assign it the name "p". Now we use RuleDelayed (:>) to perform the transformation above on each point. We cannot use Rule (->) as that would only evaluate when it was entered, not when it was used, and would not transaform the points.
The last step is to show the resulting polar plot, gr3:
As we are no longer working in the Cartesian coordinate system, we cannot name the horizontal axes x and y, however, we did not alter the value of z so we can leave that as the name of the vertical axis.
For Mathematica 6.0, please use the next code:
This is an example
# Mathematica/Basics

Mathematica code is fully-fledged programming language, complete with a proper syntax. It is very important to get the syntax right, or else the kernel will be unable to perform your task. Mathematica is notorious for a steep learning curve, and part of the reason for this is the rigidity of the language. The best way to learn Mathematica is to acquaint yourself thoroughly with the basic aspects of the code's structure before attempting complex tasks.
This page will provide a condensed overview of the basics of the Mathematica language.　Links will be provided where necessary to more detailed explanations.

## Basic Structure of the Language

Just as the smallest unit of the English language that still makes semantic sense is the word, the smallest unit of the Mathematica language is the object. Whenever you write some input, Mathematica first deconstructs this into a tree of objects and then interprets it. There are various types of token in Mathematica:
| Type of token | Examples | Use |
| Symbol | a, abc, α, αβγ | Represents an object |
| String | "a", "abc", "αβγ" | Holds a fixed textual content |
| Number | 1, 12.34, 2^10 | Holds a fixed numerical value |
| Operators | +, -, *, / | Represents processes to perform on tokens |
| Comment | (*some text here*) | Holds notes that are not to be used by the kernel |
Any expression in Mathematica can then be nested functions of the form head[e1,e2,...] where head must be a Symbol and ei can be any of the supported object types or another function.
# Manchu/Library/The Analects

《论语》是孔子及其弟子言论的汇编，由孔子门生及再传弟子集录整理；是儒家的重要经典，是研究孔子及儒家思想尤其是原始儒家思想的主要资料。南宋时朱熹将《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》合为“四书”，使之在儒家经典中的地位日益提高。今本《论语》共计20篇，1.2万字。
The Analects (traditional Chinese: 論語; simplified Chinese: 论语; pinyin: Lún Yǔ), also known as the Analects of Confucius, are a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held. It is the most important of all the confucian works and consists of 20 chapters and 12,000 characters.

## Contents
### ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ᡵᡤᡳ (dergi, 上)

   * ᠯᡝᠣᠯᡝᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠨ ᠪᡳᡨ᠌ᡥᡝᡳ ᡧᡠᡨᡠ᠋ᠴᡳᠨ ᠊ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (leolen gisuren bithei šutucin -i gisun, 論語序說)
   * ᡨ᠋ᠠᠴᡳᠩᡤᠠ ᡠᠵᡠᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (tacingga ujui fiyelen, 學而第一)
   * ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠪᡠᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠵᠠᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (dasan be yabuburengge jai fiyelen, 為政第二)
   * ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ ᡶᠠᡳ᠌ᡩ᠋ᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (jakūn faidangga ilaci fiyelen, 八佾第三)
   * ᡶᠠᠯᡤᠠ ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠩᡤᠠ ᡩ᠋ᡠ᠋ᡳ᠌ᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (falga de gosingga duici fiyelen, 里仁第四)
   * ᡤᡠᠩ ᠶᡝ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠨᡳ ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (gung ye cang ni sunjaci fiyelen, 公冶長第五)
   * ᠶᡠᠩ ᠨᡳ ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (yung ni ningguci fiyelen, 雍也第六)
   * ᡶ᠋ᡳᠰᡝᠮᠪᡠᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠨᠠᡩ᠋ᠠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (fisemburengge nadaci fiyelen, 述而第七)
   * ᡨ᠋ᠠᡳ ᠪᡝ ᠊ᡳ ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (tai be -i jakūci fiyelen, 泰伯第八)
   * ᡶ᠋ᡠᡯᡳ᠌ ᠊ᡳ ᠠᠰᡠᡵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᡵᠠᡴᡡᠩᡤᡝ ᡠᠶᡠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (fudzi -i asuru gisurerakūngge uyuci fiyelen, 子罕第九)
   * ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᡶᠠᠯᡤᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (gašan falgangga juwanci fiyelen, 鄉黨第十)

### ᡶᡝᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ (fejergi, 下)

   * ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ ᡩᠣᠰᡳᡴᠠᠩᡤᡝ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᡝᠮᡠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (neneme dosikangge juwan emuci fiyelen, 先進第十一)
   * ᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠊ᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᡠᠸᡝᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (yan yuwan -i juwan juweci fiyelen, 顏淵第十二)
   * ᡯᡳ᠌ ᠯᡠ ᠊ᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᡳᠯᠠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (dzi lu -i juwan ilaci fiyelen, 子路第十三)
   * ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠊ᡳ ᡶ᠋ᠣᠨᠵᡳᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᡩ᠋ᡠ᠋ᡳ᠌ᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (hiyan -i fonjihangge juwan duici fiyelen, 憲問第十四)
   * ᠸᡝᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠊ᡳ ᠯᡳᠩ ᡤᡠᠩ ᠨᡳ ᡨ᠋ᠣᡶ᠋ᠣᡥᠣᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (wei gurun -i ling gung ni tofohoci fiyelen, 衛靈公第十五)
   * ᡤᡳ ᡥᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (gi halangga juwan ningguci fiyelen, 季氏第十六)
   * ᠶᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ᠋ ᠊ᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᡩ᠋ᠠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (yang ho -i juwan nadaci fiyelen, 陽貨第十七)
   * ᠸᡝᡳ ᡯᡳ᠌ ᠊ᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (wei dzi -i juwan jakūci fiyelen, 微子第十八)
   * ᡯᡳ᠌ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠨᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ ᡠᠶᡠᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (dzi jang ni juwan uyuci fiyelen, 子張第十九)
   * ᠶᠣᠣ ᡥᠠᠨ ᠊ᡳ ᡥᡝᠰᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠣᡵᡳᠴᡳ ᡶ᠋ᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠨ (yoo han -i hesengge orici fiyelen, 堯曰第二十)
# Introduction to Sociology/Noted Contributors

* Rcragun Ryan T. Cragun, Associate Professor of Sociology, The University of Tampa
** Contribution: Initial book layout and the development of most of the chapters
* Jsumerau J. Edward Sumerau, Assistant Professor of Sociology, The University of Tampa
** Contribution: Significant editing of the content; primary author of chapter on sexuality; co-author of chapter on Sociological Practice.
* Norma Winston, Professor of Sociology, The University of Tampa
** Contribution: Primary author of chapter on Sociological Practice.
* bruce20fl Bruce Friesen, Associate Professor of Sociology, The University of Tampa
** Contribution: Primary author of chapter on Human Rights
* Jane Skaife, Assistant Professor of Sociology, The University of Tampa
** Contribution: Contributed a number of introductions and conclusions to various chapters.
* Katherine Carter, Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Kurdistan-Hawler
** Contribution: Primary author of chapter on stratification.
* Deborahcragun Deborah Cragun, Ph.D. Public Health
** Contribution: Developed the chapters on health care and medicine and race and ethnicity.
* Piotrus Piotr Konieczny, PhD student in sociology, University of Pittsburgh
** Contributions: various small changes, videos, slides and downloadable tools
# Introduction to Sociology/Human Rights
## Research Examples

Recent research suggests that one key element in predicting societal instability is a "democracy gap." In countries where the populace have expectations for higher levels of political freedoms than they actually have, there are greater odds of revolutions and riots, like those that began in the Arab Spring in 2010. This suggests a growing awareness of human rights and political freedoms around the world, including in authoritarian and dictatorial countries.

## Questions for Discussion

* ↑ Sheafer, Tamir, and Shaul Shenhav. 2013. “Political Culture Congruence and Political Stability Revisiting the Congruence Hypothesis with Prospect Theory.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(2):232–57.
# Introduction to Sociology/Military
## Influence of Military Activity on Family

One consequence of long military deployments is a higher risk of divorce. Both male and female members of the US military experience higher rates of divorce the longer their deployment is. However, this is also tied to expectations. Individuals who joined the military prior to September 11th, 2001 were less likely to expect the long deployments that followed with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan than were individuals who joined the military after September 11th, 2001. As a result, those who were not expecting such lengthy deployments were even more likely to divorce than those who were expecting such deployments.

## Military Involvement and Income

Recent research has found that an expansion in coverage eligibility for disability compensation by the US federal government has resulted in an increase in the percentage of veterans receiving benefits and a reduction in the percentage of veterans working. This research found that veterans with disabilities opted to receive disability benefits rather than work.

## References

* 1 2 Negrusa, Sebastian, Brighita Negrusa, and James Hosek. 2014. “Gone to War: Have Deployments Increased Divorces?” Journal of Population Economics 27(2):473–96.
* ↑ Duggan, Mark. 2014. The Labor Market Effects of the VA's Disability Compensation Program. SIEPR policy brief. http://siepr.stanford.edu/?q=/system/files/shared/pubs/papers/briefs/Policy-Brief-Nov14-Duggan.pdf
# Mewa Film User's Guide/Scripting
## Introduction

Mewa Film scripting offers the artist a huge creative freedom, not only by giving the ability to use a wide variety of expressions and script code directly within any parameter of the application but also by giving the ability to create scripts.
Scripts can be written for numerous purposes, one of the most common uses is the automation of a specific set of tasks.

## Concepts

An expression is any non-numeric entry, such as a variable or a mathematical expression. Any parameter can use an expression. Some expressions, such as time, are extremely simple. When you type the expression variable time into a value field, Mewa Film returns the numeric value of the current playhead position. For example, if the playhead (current time in player toolbar) is parked at frame 1, typing time into a value field returns a value of 1 in that field.

## Script Editor

To open the script editor choose the menu View >> Script Editor.
The script editor window is divided in 2 areas, the top area is a text editor where you can edit your script and then press run to execute the script. The script output comes on the bottom pane. The bottom pane ... command line, you can type a command followed by Enter.

### Using the command line

To check an expression using the script editor, in the command line area, just type your expression ...

## Creating a script

Mewa Script is based on the ECMAScript scripting language, as defined in standard ECMA-262, most known as Java Script.

### print function

the print function is very useful for simple debugging purposes as to give feedback during a script execution.
will print the contents of a.

### The time variable

moves the play head to frame number 5.
Back to contents page
# Mewa User's Guide

Mewa User's Guide was the official user's guide for Mewa, a video creator and compositor. It aims to provide all the information needed to use the latest version of Mewa, as well usage techniques to get the best out of it. Download the latest Mewa from the official website www.mewatools.com.
This documentation was made for all Mewa community, and we appreciate all the help on improving this documentation.

## Contents

* Getting started
* Main window
* Import footage
* Using the Node Graph
* Animating parameters with Curve Editor
* Nodes Reference
** Footage node
** Move2D node
** ColorWheel node
* Mewa Script Programming

### Other documentation

* Extending Mewa with custom shaders