OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 499

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 498 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 499 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 500→ |

## Date

24 March 2000

## Issue

The Constitutional Amendment decreed on 15 September 1999 is unconstitutional? Dozens of the members of the Legislative Yuan officially petitioned for a constitutional interpretation.

## Holding

The Constitution is the national radical supreme law. Its amendment is greatly related to the stability of constitutional order and all nationals' well being, so the constitutional amending institution shall do it with proper constitutional amendment procedure. Furthermore, constitutional amendment is the conduct most directly reflecting national sovereignty, so it shall be publicly and clearly done to satisfy the condition of rational communication to provide the proper basis of a constitutional country. The National Assembly is the only institution to represent all nationals to exercise constitutional amending rights pursuant to Article 25, Clause 3 of Section 1 of Article 27 of the Constitution and Clause 4 of Section 3 of Article 1 of the Constitutional Amendment decreed on 21 July 1997. Its making or amending Constitutional Amendments pursuant to the procedures to amend the Constitution shall comply with the principle to be public and clear, and it shall obey Article 174 of the Constitution and the relevant rules of the Meeting Rule of the National Assembly, to get the reasonable expectation and trust of the nationals of the entire country.
Secret voting to pass the Constitutional Amendment would violate the principle of transparency in the procedure.

### Concurrence

* Justice Young-Mou LIN (part)
* Justice Sen-Yen SUN (part)
* Justice Jyun-Hsiung SU
* Justice In-Jaw LAI

### Dissent

* Justice Chi-Nan CHEN (part)
* Justice Hua-Sun TSENG

## Effect

Judicially nullifying the fifth version of the Constitutional Amendment decreed on 15 September 1999 would revert it to the fourth version decreed in 1997. Soon after, the sixth version would be passed on 24 April 2000 and decreed on 25 April 2000 to freeze the National Assembly.

## References

* Translation by Professor Andy Y. Sun
* Constitution of the Republic of China, Articles 25, 27, 133, 174 (1947-12-25)
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China, Articles 1, 4, 9, 10 (1999-09-15)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 584

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 583 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 584 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 585→ |

## Date

17 September 2004

## Issue

The Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act banning those having committed certain crimes from driving taxicabs is unconstitutional? The petitioner has committed attempted murder and could not register to drive a taxicab for hire. The administrative litigation has been denied, thus petitioning constitutional interpretation.

## Holding

People's right to work is constitutionally protected (Article 15), subject to certain limits (Article 23)　to prevent infringement upon the freedoms of other persons, to avert an imminent crisis, to maintain social order or to advance public welfare.　Therefore, Section 1 of Article 37 of the Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act banning those having committed certain felonies from driving taxicabs for hire would be constitutional.

## Effect

Those having committed certain felonies must find other jobs.

## References

* Translation by Raymond T. Chu
* Constitution of the Republic of China, Articles 7, 15, 23
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act, Article 37
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 8

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 7 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 8 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 9→ |

## Date

27 October 1952

## Issue

Would the personnel of state-run enterprises be the public servants under the Criminal Code?

## Holding

The personnel of the state-run enterprises with at least half of the stocks owned by the Government shall be considered public servants under the Criminal Code.

## Effect

The personnel of the state-run enterprises performs governmental duties, not just businesses.

## References

* Translation by Li-Chih Lin, Esq., J.D.
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Criminal Code of the Republic of China/Article 10 (1948-11-07)
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Administrative Law of State-Owned Enterprise/Article 3 (1949-01-20)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 99

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 98 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 99 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 100→ |

## Date

19 December 1962

## Issue

How should counterfeiting and altering New Taiwan dollar be punished?

## Holding

Counterfeiting and altering New Taiwan dollar issued by the Bank of Taiwan while entrusted by the Central Bank shall be punished by the Penal Act of Offenses Against National Currency.

### Dissent

* Justice Cheng-Ming HUANG

## Effect

This case law would supersede Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 63 on 29 August 1956.

## References

* Translation by Lawrence L. C. Lee
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Penal Act of Offenses Against National Currency/Article 3 (1963-10-18)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 5

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 4 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 5 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 6→ |

## Date

16 August 1952

## Issue

Would the personnel of political parties after enacting the Constitution be the public servants under the Criminal Code?

## Holding

The personnel of political parties after enacting the Constitution cannot be considered the public servants under the Criminal Code.

## Effect

This case law would overturn a case law on 1 December 1934 when Kuomingtang and the Nationalist Government were not yet separated.

## References

* Translation by Li-Chih Lin, Esq., J.D
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Criminal Code of the Republic of China/Article 10 (1948-11-07)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 4

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 3 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 4 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 5→ |

## Date

20 June 1952 (during the Korean War)

## Issue

Would the Taiwanese Associate Representative of Korean Committee of the United Nations be a government post?

## Holding

The Taiwanese Associate Representative of Korean Committee of the United Nations would be a government post.

## Effect

Better definition of a government post.

## References

* Translation by Li-Chih Lin, Esq., J.D.
* Constitution of the Republic of China, Articles 75 (1947-01-01)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 3

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 2 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 3 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 4→ |

## Date

21 May 1952

## Issue

May the Control Yuan propose legislative bills?

## Holding

The Control Yuan may propose legislative bills to the Legislative Yuan.

## Effect

This case law makes the Control Yuan more efficient.

## References

* Translation by Professor Andy Y. Sun
* Constitution of the Republic of China, Articles 34, 53, 62, 64, 71, 77, 83, 87, 90 (1947-01-01)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 6

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 5 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 6 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 7→ |

## Date

29 September 1952

## Issue

May public servants also be publishers or editors of newspapers or magazines?

## Holding

No, unless otherwise specified by law.

## Effect

Limitation on what public servants may or may not also be.

## References

* Translation by Li-Chih Lin, Esq., J.D.
* Public Functionary Service Act, Articles 14 (1947-07-11)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 63

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 62 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 63 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 64→ |

## Date

29 August 1956

## Issue

How should counterfeiting and altering New Taiwan dollar be punished?

## Holding

Article 3 of the Penal Act of Offenses Against National Currency would apply to national currency. New Taiwan dollar would be local currency, thus subject to the Criminal Code for counterfeiting and altering.

## Effect

This case law would remain effective until being superseded by Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 99 on 19 December 1962.

## References

* Translation by Lawrence L. C. Lee
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Penal Act of Offenses Against National Currency/Article 3 (1963-10-18)
# Annotated Republic of China Case Law/Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 793

| ←Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 792 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 793 | Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 794→ |

## Date

28 August 2020

## Issue

Would the Act Governing the Settlement of Ill-gotten Properties by Political Parties and Their Affiliate Organizations be unconstitutional? Several judges officially petitioned for a constitutional interpretation after the disputed Act would primarily target Kuomingtang regarding questionable property.

## Holding

The disputed Act is constitutional.

## Effect

The Ill-gotten Party Assets Settlement Committee would have legislative ando judicial bases to pursue questionable property held by Kuomingtang.

## References

* Constitution of the Republic of China, Articles 1, 2, 61, 77 (1947-12-25)
* Annotated Republic of China Laws/Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China, Articles , Sections 4 and 5 (1999-09-15)
# Caro-Kann Defence

According to the plan from the previous move Black will almost certainly play 2...d5. On rare occasions 2...g6 has been played.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1.e4 c6 2.d4
| | 2 |
| Main line | ... d5 | = |
| Modern Defence | ... g6 | += |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Caro–Kann Defence
### 2...d5

This is the main line of the Caro–Kann. It is a semi-open game that tends to contain lines with minor piece play. In this position, White has four ways to deal with the central tension:
* Attempt to close the center with 3. e5, the Advance Variation.
* Exchange a set of pawns with 3. exd5.
* Wait for Black to exchange pawns with either 3. Nc3 or 3. Nd2, the Classical Variation. The two knight moves usually lead to the same position after 3...dxe4 4. Nxe4.
* Prepare to recapture in the center with a pawn by 3. f3, aiming to keep a full pawn center.
Note that after 3. Bd3?!, 3... dxe4 4. Bxe4 Nf6 gives Black the initiative.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5
| | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Advance Variation | e5 Bf5 | Nf3 e6 | Be2 Nd7 | = |
| Classical Variation | Nc3/Nd2 dxe4 | Nxe4 Bf5 | Ng3 Bg6 | = |
| Karpov Variation | ... ... | ... Nd7 | Nf3 Ngf6 | = |
| Tartakower/Korchnoi Variation | ... ... | ... Nf6 | Nxf6+ exf6 | = |
| Bronstein–Larsen Variation | ... ... | ... ... | ... gxf6 | += |
| Exchange Variation | exd5 cxd5 | Bd3 Nc6 | c3 Nf6 | = |
| Panov-Botvinnik Attack | ... ... | c4 Nf6 | Nc3 e6 | = |
| Fantasy Variation | f3 dxe4 | fxe4 e5 | Nf3 Bg4 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Caro-Kann
### 2...e5
## Theory Table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c6 2.c4 e5
| 3 | 4 |
| Nf3 | |
| d4 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Accelerated Panov Attack
### 4…Nf6

The idea of the move Nf6 is to put another attacker on the d5 pawn, that way, white could not save the pawn and gain a tempo by attacking the queen.

## Theory Table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.e4 c6 2.c4 d5
| | 4 |
| Modern Variation | Nf6 ... |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Caro-Kann Defence:Classical Variation

4. Nxe4 is an obvious recapture. Black has 3 main alternatives. The Classical Variation, 4...Bf5, usually sees the bishop controlling the light diagonal from g6. The Smyslov/Karpov variation delays the development of the light bishop, with Nd7, while Nf6 risks doubled pawns for an open file. None of the other alternatives have seen significant usage.
| | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Classical Variation | Nxe4 Bf5 | Ng3 Bg6 | h4 h6 | Nf3 Nd7 | = |
| Smyslov/Karpov Variation | ... Nd7 | Bc4 Ngf6 | Ng5 e6 | Qe2 Nb6 | = |
| | ... Nf6 | Nxf6+ gxf6 | c3 Bf5 | Nf3 Nd7 | = |
| | ... e6 | Nf3 Nd7 | c4 Ngf6 | Bg5 Qb6 | = |
| | ... g6 | Nf3 Bg7 | h3 Bf5 | Ng3 Be6 | = |
| | ... h6 | Nf3 Bf5 | Ng3 Bh7 | Bd3 Bxd3 | += |
| | ... e5 | Nf3 exd4 | Qxd4 Qxd4 | Nxd4 Nd7 | += |
| | ... Qd5 | Nc3 Qa5 | Nf3 Nf6 | Bc4 Bf5 | += |
| | ... Qc7 | Bd3 Bf5 | Nf3 Nd7 | 0-0 e6 | += |
| | ... f6 | Nf3 | | | += |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Von Hennig Gambit
### 4. Bc4

White is playing in a way reminiscent of the Blackmar-Diemer gambit, and indeed the popular lines fall into that trend. The Stockfish continuation is 4... b5, but more common are 4... Nf6 and 4... Bf5, the latter of which transposing to the main line of the former after 5. f3 exf3 6. Nxf3 Nf6. The main line after 4... Nf6 is 5. f3 exf3 Nxf3 (5... Bf5 is another line, best responded to with 6. fxe4 Nxe4 7. Qf3). In this position the main moves are 6... Bf5, 6... Bg4, and 6... e6. 6... Bg4 falls into a trap after 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Ne5+ winning a piece or the slightly worse 7. Ne5, where Bxd1 hangs Bxf7# and all other moves besides Be6 and Qc8 nearly instantly lose, while those 2 moves still leave white with a nice advantage. 6... e6 is played the most like a Blackmar-Diemer with ideas of O-O, Qe1-h4, and Bd3. 6... Bf5 is the main line, which is followed up with 7. O-O e6 8. Ng5 Bg6 (preventing Rxf5 where recaptures leads to a fork), where white's options are the calm 9. Ne2 and 9. Bf4 or the wild 9. Bxe6 fxe6 10. Nxe6, which will force black to either give up their queen or weather an incredibly dangerous attack.
# Caro-Kann Defence, Breyer Variation

The unambitious Breyer Variation, black almost always responds with d5.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 c6 2.d3
* .. d5
* .. e5
* .. g6
* .. d6
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Caro-Kann Defence, Breyer Variation
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 c6 2.d3 d5
* Nd2
* Nc3
* Nf3
* Qe2
* f4
* Bd2
* f3
* e5
* c3
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# Caro-Kann Defence:Classical Variation

3...dxe4 is black's only good move. Other moves are not in the spirit of this opening. This move also denies white his e4/d4 pawn center. White almost invariably responds with 4. Nxe4, but a few gambit continuations do exist.
| | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Classical Variation | Nxe4 Bf5 | Ng3 Bg6 | h4 h6 | Nf3 Nd7 | = |
| Von Hennig gambit | Bc4 Bf5 | f3 exf3 | Nxf3 ... |
| Rasa-Studier gambit | f3 exf3 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# CAWD

Computer-Assisted Writing Development

## "I. EFL Writing Development in Virtual Environments"

* Introduction
* Virtual Environments
* Features of Interaction in Virtual Environments
* Conclusion
* Reference
# CAWD/Synchronous Communication
## Vitual Communication Environment

* WBS-Online Community
* Tapped in: Tapped in is an on-line community for teachers, administrators, professional development staff, university faculty, students, and researchers. This community provides various useful classes, clubs, and discussion sections for foreign language learners and techaers.
* The Palace: The Palace is a vast online community of graphical interactive sites for Mac and Window users. With the Palace User Software, learners can visit a diverse range of communities such as business, training, and learning resources; entertainment and gaming centers; gathering points for special interest groups; and also personal sites where you simply can go to chat and socialize with friends and family. In addition, If learners download the Palace Server, they can even build and customize their own personal Palace site to host other people.
# CAT-Tools/Wordfast/Conversions

How to convert a Trados translation memory for use with WordFast:
* From Workbench, select File - Export then OK and enter a target file name.
* Select one of the tmx format options under Save as type.
* In the WordFast Translation Memory tab, TM sub-tab, click "Select TM".
* Under "Files of type", select All files (top option).
* WordFast will automatically reorganize and save as a txt file.
# CAWD/Conclusion
## Conclusion

As I have shown so far, EFL learners engage in various interactions in virtual environments for EFL writing development such as 1) authentic writing tasks with authentic audiences 2) direct or indirect feedback from native speakers 3) learning English and English society and culture as well as language 4) involving simulated society 5) creating avatar and various own objects and rooms.
However, because the primary goal of virtual environments is not to help EFL learners to improve their writing, all interaction and activities are not helpful to them. For example, sometimes, virtual environments expose EFL learners to inappropriate relation with partners and improper language input. Thus, I suggest some guidelines to obtain the desired results.
* Find someone to talk to and ask three questions.
* Interview a native speaker at some length
* Gather information from other users or from items, and write a report.
* Log and print out a conversation, highlighting new vocabulary or idiomatic expressions.
* Build rooms in response to an in-class reading.
* Hold a party; invite on-line friends.
* Start an e-mail correspondence with someone you meet in virtual environments.
* Design your own tasks, as individuals or in groups.
* Keep a journal of activities in virtual environments.
* Write a simple program that helps others learn the language (Lonnie, 1999)
# CAT-Tools/Wordfast

Conversions
# CAWD/Features of Interaction in Virtual Environments
## Features of Interaction in Virtual Environments

The features of interaction shown below, based on an ESL/EFL literacy researcher’s personal experience, support the potentials of virtual environments to improve not only EFL learners’writing ability but also language development. Furthermore, the features will help EFL learners know how to apply virtual environments to English writing development.
1) Learners can join various authentic writing tasks with authentic audiences.
Virtual environments are based on written-language conversation tools such as synchronous chats, e-mails, and bulletin boards. As soon as learners enter virtual environments, they have to write in English for the purpose of communication or to deliver their opinions. In that, virtual environments enable EFL learners to engage in authentic writing tasks with authentic audiences.
2) Learners receive direct or indirect feedback on the target language writing from their partners.
The feedback plays an important role in language development. However, it is not easy for EFL learners to receive feedback because they do not have many chances to use English, and there are few people who are proficient in English in the environment of the learners. Thus, virtual environments are good places for EFL learners' writing and language development because they allow EFL learners to use English. In addition, the native speakers that the learners meet in virtual environments correct EFL learners' English errors in the natural situations and in the various ways.
3) Learners can learn about the target language society and culture as well as language.
Many researchers (e.g. Kern, 2000) in literacy education prove the importance of learning about target language society and culture to develop literacy ability. Virtual environments make possible that EFL learners can learn about them through various communication tools: synchronous chat, e-mail, and bulletin board.
4) Learners experience a sense of place, a setting similar to face-to-face conversation with native speakers because learners show what they look like and express their feelings. Furthermore, interaction is much more similar to the discourse and behavior of people gathered anywhere for the purpose of socializing.
5) Both the feeling of object ownership as learners create spaces and the permanence of the environment motivate learners to return for continued conversation and community building. it is cooperation that encourages learners to continue developing their writing ability.