# Healthy eating habits/Calcium and Bone Health in Women over 50

In women over the age of 50, the amount of Calcium their body needs daily increases. This is because changes in their body’s hormones means that they require more Calcium to keep their bones healthy and strong. Unfortunately many women do not meet these requirements, and risk losing bone mass. It is important understand where and how they can increase their Calcium intake each day. Below is some information about what Calcium is and does, why it is important, where to find it and how Vitamin D helps it to give women over 50 strong and healthy bones.

## Calcium
### What is Calcium?

Calcium is a nutrient that is an important part of bones. It also has other roles in the body, such as helping our muscles contract, our heart beat and our nerves send messages.

### What are my requirements?

Women aged 51-70 years need 1300mg per day. Serves of dairy: 4 per day
* 1 serve of dairy equals 250ml milk, 3/4cup yoghurt or 2 slices of cheese

## Calcium and Bone Health

Think of calcium in bones like money in a bank. Every day we deposit the calcium we eat into the bone bank and withdraw the calcium we need for our body to work properly. When we are teenagers and young adults our body is building up our bones, so our deposits into the bone bank are more than our withdrawals. When we are in early to middle adulthood our withdrawals and deposits should be equal, as long as you are eating enough calcium to make that deposit. However for women, once they get to the age 50, changes in their body’s hormones mean that their withdrawals get larger and larger. This is why it is important to make sure you eat enough calcium every day.

## Food Sources of Calcium
### Dairy Foods

Good Sources:
* Milk
* Yoghurt
* Tasty Cheese
* Ricotta Cheese
* Parmesan Cheese
Sources:
* Feta Cheese
* Cottage Cheese

### Non Dairy Foods

Good Sources:
* Soy/Rice/Almond Milk
* Sardines with bones
* Fortified breakfast cereals
* Dried Figs
* Green Leafy Vegetables
* Tofu
Sources:
* Almonds
* Pumpkin Seeds
* Oranges
* Sesame Seeds

## Tips to include more Calcium into your day

* Layer spinach into a lasagne
* Tahini dip and broccoli florets
* Add tofu to a stir fry
* Make a snack mix of almonds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds and dried apricots
* Add yoghurt to soups or as a salad dressing

## Calcium Supplements
### Should I take a supplement?

If you cannot get enough Calcium from foods, then the current recommendations are to take a supplement. It is important to meet your Calcium requirements, but not exceed the maximum daily Calcium intake of 2500mg. Too much Calcium can increase the risk of heart attack in older women. If you are concerned about whether you are getting enough Calcium, visit a dietitian.

### Types of supplements

Two main types of supplements; calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. The difference is the way the calcium is packaged in the tablet. When we get over the age of 50 our body more easily absorbs calcium citrate supplements. Most calcium supplements will come in the form of 1000mg, however the calcium is better absorbed if you have 500mg (so ½ a tablet) twice per day with food.

## Vitamin D
### What is Vitamin D?

Like Calcium, Vitamin D is a nutrient important for Bone Health. Vitamin D is important in helping calcium be absorbed from food, helping the Calcium get to the bones and keeping the amount of calcium in our blood constant. Vitamin D’s role in bone health lies mostly in its ability to help calcium travel from our food, to our bones. It also plays an important role in maintaining the bone’s strong structure.

### What are my requirements?

Women aged 51-70: 10 micrograms per day

## Sources of Vitamin D
### Food Sources

Good Sources:
* Fatty Fish
* Salmon
* Mackerel
* Tuna
Added to foods such as:
* Margarine
* Milk
* Orange Juice
* Cereal

### Vitamin D and Sunlight

Humans are able to capture the sun’s UV light and when it hits the skin, turn it into Vitamin D. So how much sunshine do you need? It depends on the type of skin you have and the season of the year. For example in winter, Melbournians need around 2-3 hours of sunlight on their hands, arms and face, but in summer need only a few minutes per day. If you have darker skin you may need up to three times as long in the sun, as darker skin is not as good at making vitamin D as pale skin.

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## References

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