OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Beginning Lighting

| previous module: "Realistic Eyes In Blender" | • Table of Contents • Glossary | next module: "Understanding Real Lights" |
Lighting, you say? Psshh. Just throw up one light source and let her run, right?
Lighting is probably the most underestimated part of a scene by new 3D artists. Unlike real life, it’s actually quite easy to produce a uniformly well-lit, shadowless scene in Blender. But such scenes are usually pretty dull and boring.
Far more interesting are ones with highlights drawing attention to some areas, and shadows in other areas, leading the viewer to wonder what they might conceal. If a picture tells a story, and a picture is worth a thousand words, then lighting is like the punctuation for those words, the pauses between sentences and the sudden dramatic changes of tone.
Extremely uniform lighting can even give the picture a “photoshopped” look, as though the artist took part of one picture and stuck it on top of another. Whereas even a little bit of shadowing of one object by another can reinforce the impression that they are very much three-dimensional objects with a definite spatial relationship to each other, located in the same scene.
The following tutorials will help you gain knowledge of the technical use of lights in your scenes.
| previous module: "Realistic Eyes In Blender" | • Table of Contents • Glossary | next module: "Understanding Real Lights" |
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Beginning Modeling Final Project

Now that you've gotten the hang of 3D modeling, it's important to get some community feedback on your progress. Don't be an idiot and skip this part, or you'll regret it later. Basically this will help you track your progress and give you something that you'll be working on over a long term and something you'll be proud of.
    Subject: Beginning Modeling Final Project - <project name>
       Please assist me with any feedback on my model, keeping in mind that I am an absolute beginner still. I appreciate your help.
(BTW. in Windows and/or maybe other OS, to take a screenshot press 'PrtScn' (PrintScreen). It will copy the screen to clipboard for you to paste in your favourite graphics application. This may not work in other OSs but try anyway. You can also create Blender screenshot directly from Blender using menu File>Dump 3DView... or File>Dump Screen... )
(In linux under the KDE I use ksnapshot, check under the graphics tab and see if you have it. If not it should be just a google search away :) gl and happy blendering)
(On Mac OS X, press Command (Apple) + Shift + 3 to do a full screen capture)
* List of ideas:
* A Computer and keyboard
* A fishing rod
* A train engine
* A skyscraper
* A robot
* A Tank (real or made up)
* An airplane
* A truck or car
* Household appliances
* A Weapon
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Blender Interface

| previous module: "Operating System specific notes" | • Table of Contents • Glossary | next module: "Blender Windowing System" |
Here's a preview screenshot of Blender's interface, after a new installation.
For those familiar with older versions of Blender, this will look very different. The redesign makes it much easier to find things.
For a detailed rationale explaining the redesign, read this.

## Why does Blender use its own windowing system instead of the operating system's?

Blender follows its own user interface conventions. Instead of making use of multiple windows as defined by your particular OS/GUI, it creates its own “windows” within a single OS/GUI window, which is best sized to fill your screen. Many people accustomed to how applications normally work on their platform of choice, get annoyed by Blender’s insistence on being different. However, there is a good reason for it.
The essence of the Blender UI can be summed up in one word: workflow. Blender was originally created by a 3D graphics shop for their own in-house use. Being a key revenue engine for them, they designed it for maximum productivity, speed and smoothness of operation. That means avoiding “bumps” that slow down the user. For example, windows never overlap, so there’s no need to keep reordering them. You don’t have to click in a window to make it active, just move the mouse. There is a minimum of interruption from popups asking for more information before performing some action. Instead, the action is immediately performed with default settings, which you can adjust afterwards and get immediate feedback on the results.
Blender may not be “intuitive” to start learning, in that you cannot simply sit down in front of it and figure out things on your own, especially from a position of knowing nothing at all. But once you have picked up some basic conventions, you will find it starts to make sense and then you will be free to experiment and discover things on your own.

## "Save changes on exit" prompt

As of Blender version 2.79, you are prompted on exit when there are unsaved changes. You can change this behaviour in Edit → Preferences → Save & Load → Save Prompt.
Prior to that version, Blender was not asking about unsaved changes. Instead, Blender saved changes, when it closes, to a file called 'quit.blend'. The next time you use Blender, you had to select File → Recover Last Session to resume right where you left off.
| previous module: "Operating System specific notes" | • Table of Contents • Glossary | next module: "Blender Windowing System" |
# Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Blender Interface New

| I’ll stick to 2.49, thanks | • Table of Contents • Glossary | Onward to the Blender 2.5x Windowing System |
This is the revised interface in Blender 2.5x. If Blender 2.49 looks like something out of Star Trek, then the new Blender must be Star Trek: The Next Generation!
The major interface revision was initially resisted by many experienced blender users; but it has turned out that noobs are able to find things easier. The updates have also brought it much closer to on par with mainstream 3D content creation suites.
For the rationale behind the redesign, read this.
# Apache Ant/Depends

The depends attribute can be included in the target tag to specify that this target requires another target to be executed prior to being executed itself. Multiple targets can be specified and separated with commas.
<target name="one" depends="two, three">
Here, target "one" will not be executed until the targets named "two" and "three" are, first.

## Example of using the depends attribute

Here is an example of a build file that executes three targets in order, first, middle and last. Note that the order the targets appear in the build file is unimportant:
Sample Output:

## Redundant dependency

Ant keeps track of what targets have already run and will skip over targets that have not changed since they were run elsewhere in the file, for example:
will produce the same output as above - the target "one" will not be executed twice, even though both "two" and "three" targets are run and each specifies a dependency on one.

## Circular dependency

Similarly, ant guards against circular dependencies - one target depending on another which, directly or indirectly, depends on the first. So the build file:
Will yield an error:
Next Chapter, Next Cookbook Chapter
# Apache Ant/Converting PDF to XML

Science and industry in Basic 7
# Apache Ant/Core Concepts/Terminology
## Ant Terminology

* Ant Task – something that ant can execute such as a compile, copy or replace. Most tasks have very convenient default values. See the Ant manual for a complete list of tasks.
* Ant Target – a fixed series of ant tasks in a specified order that can depend on other named targets. Targets can depend only on other targets, not on projects or tasks. A target represents a particular item to be created, it can be a single item like a jar, or a group of items, like classes.
* Ant Project – a collection of named targets that can run in any order depending on the time stamps of the files in the file system. Each build file contains one project.
Next Chapter
# Apache Ant/Getting Started/Hello World
## Hello World in Ant

Create a directory "My Project". Use a text editor such as Kate, Gedit or Notepad to create a file called build.xml within directory "My Project":
The first line in the file is flush left (no indentation). It tells ant that this is an XML file:
The next line names the (required) project "My Project" and its default target "hello":
The central three lines name and define the only target ("hello") and task ("echo") in the file:
You can now open a shell and cd to the "My Project" directory you created and type "ant"

## Variations

Try changing the echo line to be the following:
What is the result? Try the following also:
Next Section
# Apache Ant/Execute an XQuery
## Motivation

You want to execute an XQuery that is stored in an eXist database.

### Remote execution of an inline query

Note that you only can return a string in this example. Any XML content in the query will generate an error.
If you want to return an XML file into a property you will need to wrap you query in a CDATA structure:

### Execute an XQuery Stored in Local Drive

hello-world.xq:
This is similar to the version above but you will note that the queryfile attribute has been added.
Note for the above to work the file hello-word.xq MUST be in the same directory as the build script.

### Adding Execute Permissions

Where the local-uri is something like: xmldb:exist://localhost:8080/exist/xmlrpc/db for the default installation path
# Apache Ant/Fileset

FileSets are ant's way of creating groups of files to do work on. These files can be found in a directory tree starting in a base directory and are matched by patterns taken from a number of PatternSets and Selectors.
FileSet identifies the base directory tree with its dir attribute. Then the FileSet's enclosed pattern elements, both named (PatternSets) and selected by wildcards (Selectors), choose the files and folders within the base tree.
If any selector within the FileSet do not select a given file, that file is not considered part of the FileSet. This makes FileSets equivalent to an <and> selector container.

## Wildcards

Wildcards are used by ant to specify groups of files that have a pattern to their names.
* ? : is used to match any character.
* * : is used to match zero or more characters.
* ** : is used to match zero or more directories.

## Examples

The below FileSets all select the files in directory ${server.src} that are Java source files without "Test" in their name.

## Finally

FileSets can appear as children of the project element or inside tasks that support this feature.
Next Section, Next Cookbook Chapter
# Apache Ant/Getting Started

This section contains three chapters:
* Installation How to download, install Apache Ant
* Testing Testing Apache Ant
* Hello World How to run a small ant program that prints "Hello World!"
# Apache Ant/Converting Excel to XML
## Motivation

You want to automatically extract a well-formed XML file from a binary Excel document.

## Method

We will us the java Ant task within a build target.

## Input File

We will create a sample Microsoft Excel file that has two columns like the following:
Save this into a file 'sample.xls'.
Next, download the Apache Tika jar file and put is on your local hard drive.
You can get the downloads from here: http://tika.apache.org/download.html the Main Tika jar file is about 27MB.
I put the tika jar file in D:\Apps\tika but you can change this.
Create a file called "build.xml"

## Sources

The <java> task will run tika. The argument "-x" (for XML will extract the XML from the input.
Other command line options are listed here: http://tika.apache.org/1.3/gettingstarted.html
Now open your DOS or UNIX shell and cd into the place with your build file. Type "ant" into a command shell.

## Sample Output

Note that the output is a well formed HTML file with a table in it:
# Apache Ant/Core Concepts

There are several things you must learn to use Apache Ant successfully:
* Basic terminology Apache Ant/Core Concepts/Terminology
* The structure of a build file Apache Ant/Build File Structure
* Using Properties Apache Ant/Property
* Setting up Dependencies Apache Ant/Depends
* Using Fileset Apache Ant/Fileset
# Apache Ant/Creating a .xar file
## Motivation

This example is under development!
You want to create an XML archive file (.xar file) directly from your source code that can be used to load library modules or applications into a native XML database. This makes it much easier for users to install your module or application. The packaging process does all the work of uploading your files into the correct location on a running eXist server and also sets all the permissions of the XQuery files (.xq) for you automatically.

## Method

We need to create a "zip" file with all the right components in it.
The format of the package is here:
http://expath.org/spec/pkg
The eXist-specific package documentation is here:
http://demo.exist-db.org/exist/apps/doc/repo.xml

## GUI Package vs. On-Disk Library vs. In DB Library

There are three types of installation packages:
* A external library that is not in the database
* A library that is loaded into the database
* A full application with a GUI
For all library apps without GUI but deployed into db you must use two attributes, one for the target the type="library" use the following structure:
For a simple XQuery library package, which only needs to be registered with eXist but not deployed within the exist database the target attribute should not be used.

## Sample Package Structure

The archive must contain two XML descriptor files in the root directory: expath-pkg.xml and repo.xml
Sample expath-pkg.xml file
Note that the file name and the string in the namespace are "pkg" but the element name and the attribute in the dependency are "package". Make sure to keep these clear.
The format of this XML file is describe in the EXPath documentation.
Sample repo.xml file that contains instructions for the eXist-specific packaging

## Sample Apache Ant Target to Generate an Application .xar file

This ant target needs the following inputs:
* verify that repo.xml and expath-package.xml exist in the source dir and copy them into temp.dir
* copy all application files temp.dir
* create zip file from contents of temp.dir in the packages area and upload it to repositories if needed

## Sample Apache Ant Target to Generate a Library .xar file

This script depends on the following Ant properties:

## Acknowledgements

The Apache Ant target and the XSLT script were provided by Claudius Teodorescu.
# Arimaa/Attacking

* Overview
* Positioning
* Techniques
* Camel attacks
* Attacks against a camel trap
* Example: elephant–dog attack
# Arapaho/Lesson 1

| Translation | Phrase |
| Arapaho language | hinóno'eitíít |
| hello | héébee (man speaking), tous (woman speaking, or a man speaking to a woman) |
| good-bye | heetce'noohobe3en |
| thank you | hohóu |
| yes | hee (man speaking), 'oo (woman speaking) |
| no | hííko |
| How are you? | Kooni'ííni? |
| Fine. | Nii'ííni. |
| What's happening? | Tóotousííni? |
| Nothing much. | Hoowúúni. |
| What's your name? | Hótousíhi'? |
| ...that's my name. | ...néé'eesíh'inoo. |
| I know/understand. | Hee'ínowoo. |
| I don't know/understand. | Neihoowóé'in. |
| Repeat it! | Ce'ínihii! |
# Arimaa
## Table of Contents

* Overview
* Playing the game
* Introduction to tactics
* Introduction to strategy
| Concepts | Execution |
| Camel hostageOther hostagesFramesTrap controlDistribution of forceRabbit advancementElephant blockadeRelative value of piecesAdvanced tactics | Setup Race positions Attack Overview Positioning Techniques Camel attacks Against a camel trap ED example Lone elephant attacks |
* Sample games
* Challenge history
* Glossary
* Resources
# Arapaho/Alphabet
## The Alphabet

| Letter | IPA |
| b | b/p |
| c | ʧ |
| e | ɛ |
| h | h |
| i | ɪ |
| k | g/k |
| n | n |
| o | ɔ |
| s | s |
| 3 | θ/ð |
| t | t/d |
| u | ʊ |
| w | w |
| x | x |
| y | j |
| ' | ʔ |

## Pronunciation Guide
### Vowels

* e, i, o, and u, are short vowels—they sound similar to the English bet, bit, got, and put, respectively.
* ee, ii, oo, and uu are long vowels—they sound similar to the English, bat, beet, fought, and dude respectively.
* eee, iii, ooo, and uuu are extra long vowels. They usually have extra stress in the end or the beginning. They are like putting the long vowel oo followed immediately by the short vowel o (for example).
* ei, ou, oe, i.e., are short vowel combinations, they sound similar to the English weight, boat, and bite. The last combination is rare in Arapaho and is pronounced by saying the short vowels (above) e and i right after each other.
* eii, oee, and ouu are long vowel combinations. ei is like a ei with an i added to the it, oee is like an oe held a bit longer, and ouu is like a ou with a u added to the end.

### Consonants

Unless somebody writes up a intro to the consonants, look up an IPA tutorial and use that :)

### Tones

Arapaho is a tonal language and tones are marked like this é, í, ó, ú (with an accent going from up to down) means it's a high tone. ê, î, ô, û, (like a cap) means a falling tone.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Vocational/Native Bush Construction

Native Bush Construction :
| Vocational South Pacific Division/Island Ed. | Skill Level Unknown |
| Vocational South Pacific Division/Island Ed. | Year of Introduction: Unknown |

## 1. Assist in setting out the ground of a simple house squarely and accurately.

A house that is "square" is one whose corners form right angles (90°). The house itself can be any type of rectangle or collection of rectangles (it doesn't have to be a square).
To lay out a perfect rectangle, the wall that connects the corners A and B (we'll call that wall AB) must be the same length as the wall that connects corners C and D (which we'll call CD). Further, wall BC must be the same length as AD. But that's just the starting point. Even if all the walls are the proper length, the rectangle can be skewed to form a parallelogram (see illustration)
To correct for this, all we need to do is make sure the diagonals in our rectangle are equal length. The diagonals are the imaginary lines connecting A to C and B to D (that is, AC and BD).
It is best to choose the location of two corners of the house and drive stakes in the ground to mark where they will go. Then take the remaining measurements from these two corners, adjusting the position of the other two corners until the diagonals are equal and the sides are the right length. Then drive these stakes in the ground. Once the stakes have been driven, measure the lines again. If the distances are wrong, start over. If a house is laid out crooked, it will affect every other aspect of its construction, making every job in building it more difficult.

## 4. Show ability to thatch a roof correctly, especially the ridge and hips using kunai grass, sago palm leaves, coconut palm leaves or any other materials.

See the Thatching honor for detailed instruction.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Saketini

Saketini is a Japanese cocktail made with gin and sake.

### Ingredients

* 1.5 oz. gin
* 0.5 oz. sake
* 1 green olive
* ice

### Method

* Stir gin, sake and ice in a mixing glass.
* Strain into a Martini glass.
* Garnish with a green olive.
* Makes 1 serving.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Rob Roy

The Rob Roy is a cocktail similar to a Manhattan but made with Scotch whiskey and sweet vermouth instead of rye whiskey.

### Ingredients

* 1½ ozs. (45 ml) Scotch Whisky
* 1 oz. (25 ml) sweet vermouth
* dash Angostura bitters

### Garnish

Maraschino cherry

### Glass

Cocktail glass

### Procedure

* Fill a mixing glass with ice.
* Add bitters, scotch and vermouth and stir.
* Strain into a chilled cocktail glass, garnished with a Maraschino cherry.
* Serve.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Silver Surfer

The Silver Surfer cocktail was invented in York, UK, by Christopher Pitt and offers a strong blend of flavours.

## Standard Mix

* $^1$/$_2$ oz Silver Tequila
* $^1$/$_2$ oz Rum
* $^1$/$_2$ oz Vodka
* 3 oz 7-up or Sprite
* A dash of lemon
* A dash of lime

## Preparation

Pour all the spirits into a chilled glass filled with ice cubes. Top with 7-Up and stir gently then add the dashes of lemon and lime. Finish by adding a slice of lemon and a slice of lime.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Staten Island Ferry

A Staten Island Ferry is a variation on the Piña Colada that does not require coconut cream, and thus is more easily mixed in bars that lack the specialty ingredients and blenders that a Piña Colada would require.

## Ingredients

* Malibu Rum
* Pineapple juice

## Glass

* Highball

## Procedure

* Mix equal parts Malibu rum and pineapple juice over ice. Garnish with a pineapple wedge.

## Variations

* Piña Colada
# Bartending/Cocktails/Singapore Sling

The Singapore Sling is a cocktail that was invented by Mr. Ngiam Tong Boon for the Raffles Hotel in Singapore sometime between 1910 and 1915. At one point the recipe fell into disuse and was actually forgotten by the bar staff. The recipe currently used by the hotel (and repeated at the Wikibooks link below) was the result of recreating the original recipe based on the memories of former bartenders and some written notes that they were able to discover.
The original recipe, which no longer includes club soda, is rarely used outside the Raffles Hotel. A notable exception is on all Singapore Airlines flights, where the drink is free in all classes of travel.

## Standard Mix

* 30 ml gin
* 15 ml Heering Cherry Liqueur
* 7.5 ml D.O.M Benedictine
* 7.5 ml Cointreau
* 120 ml Pineapple juice
* 15 ml fresh lime juice
* 10 ml grenadine
* dash of Angostura bitters
* Garnish: maraschino cherry, pineapple chunk, and orange slice
The cost of a pre-mixed Singapore Sling at Raffles Hotel, Singapore is $25.90SGD (including the 10% service charge and 7% goods and services tax) (as of 2009). If you want a real one, ask the bartender to mix it for you.

## External Links

* Wikibartender.org Recipe
* CoolCocktail Singapore Sling Recipe
# Bartending/Cocktails/Screaming Orgasm

Screaming Multiple Orgasm Recipe
Ingredients:
* 1.0 Tbsp Galliano
* 1.5 Tbsp Irish Cream
* 2.0 Tbsp Milk
* 1.5 Tbsp Triple sec
Screaming Orgasm Ingredients:
* 1 Baileys
* 1 Cointreau
* 1 Galliano Liqueur (the yellow one)
# Bartending/Cocktails/Sex on the Beach
### Ingredients

* 1½ oz. (40ml) Vodka
* 3/4 oz. (20ml) Peach schnapps
* 1½ oz. (40ml) Cranberry juice
* 1½ oz. (40ml) Orange juice

### Garnish

none

### Glass

* Highball Glass

### Procedure

* Fill a highball glass with ice
* Add all ingredients.
* Stir.
* Serve

### Variations

Shake with ice, strain into highball glass.
# Bartending/Cocktails/Quentão

Quentão, which means "very hot" or "big hot one", is a hot Brazilian drink made of cachaça and spices. It is a typical drink on Festa Junina.

## Recipe

* 600 ml of cachaça
* 600 ml of water
* 500 g of sugar
* Peel of 2 oranges
* Peel of 1 lime
* Cloves (as much as you like)
* Sticks of cinnamon (as much as you like)
* 50 g of ginger in small pieces
Burn the sugar with the spices, ginger and the peels until it melts, pour the water and the cachaça. Let it boil in medium heat for about 20 minutes. Filter and serve in hot in mugs.
# Card and Magic Tricks/Coins

Coin Magic is popular among magicians. Coins are small and can be easily transported. Some performers use special coins (often referred to as "gaffed" coins) to execute certain effects.
# Card and Magic Tricks/Stacked decks

The use of a stacked deck makes many things possible for the performing magician. Essentially, a stacked deck, as the name implies, is simply a deck with the cards set up in a predetermined order. A well-known stacked deck is known as the Eight Kings Chased stack.
Another common stack is called the Si Stebbins stack (or "stacking system").