OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Horticulture/Index

Please Note: This index page is not up to date! See Category:A Wikimanual of Gardening and its subcategories for a current list of book pages (there are hundreds).

## Pages

* Agrimony
* Allium Family
* An Introduction to Soils
* Artemisia vulgaris
* Arthropod Pests
* Asclepias tuberosa
* Basil
* Bidens frondosa
* Cactus
* Cirsium arvense
* Common Names of Vegetables
* Container Gardening
* Conyza canadensis
* Creating a Woodland Lawn
* Cucumber
* Culinary Herbs
* Cyperus esculentis
* Downy Mildew
* Edging
* Elements of a Garden Location
* Euphorbia maculata
* Fall Cleanup
* First Steps in Planning a Garden
* Fruit Growing
* Fruits and Vegetables by Botanical Name
* Garden Bed Cleanups
* Garden Tools
* Garlic
* Glossary
* Goldenrod
* Gourd Family
* Hand Cultivator
* Helleborus
* Hemerocallis
* Herbaceous Ornamental Plants
* How to Transwiki Information to this Book
* Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
* Index
* Installing a New Garden
* Lawn Plants
* Lawns
* Laying Out a Garden Bed
* Leaf Vegetables
* Leaf vegetable template
* Lepidopteran Pests
* Lettuce
* List of Sources
* Mugwort
* Muhlenbergia schreberi
* Mustard Greens
* New Chapters
* Organic Gardening
* Organic Lawn Care
* Paper Mulch Barriers
* Perennial Weeds
* Pest Control Methods
* Phytolacca americana
* Phytophthora infestans
* Pilea pumila
* Planning a Garden
* Plant Pests and Diseases
* Planting Lawn Bulbs
* Planting Seasons
* Planting Seasons for Vegetables
* Planting Techniques
* Pollination
* Polygonum perfoliatum
* Potato
* Pruning of Fruit Trees
* Pulling Weeds
* Putting a Garden Plan into Action
* Seed Banking
* Slugs
* Smartweeds
* Soil Improvement
* Soils and Composts
* Spinach
* Squash Vine Borer
* Strawberry
* Summer Squash
* Templates
* Fruit template (herbaceous)
* The Benefits of Compost
* Tomato
* Vegetables
* Vermicomposting
* Weeds
* What Is a Lawn?
* Yellow Woodsorrel
* Zucchini

## Categories

Category:Weed profiles
# Latin/Lesson 5-Vocative
## 3rd, 4th, and 5th Declension Nouns

We will now complete the table of nouns with the 3rd, 4th, and 5th declensions. These declensions are more difficult to work with because their nominative and accusative plural forms are identical, as are their dative and ablative plural forms. To distinguish the cases, you must use a very simple key: context. Context will tell you the meaning.

### 3rd Declension Masculine or Feminine (each word has a set gender): rēx, m.

3rd declension nouns have two stems: The nominative and vocative singular stem and the stem used for all other cases. Both stems have to be memorized for each noun. Feminine and masculine forms are indistinguishable.
| 3rd Declension | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | rēx | rēg-ēs |
| accusative | rēg-em | rēg-ēs |
| genitive | rēg-is | rēg-um |
| dative | rēg-ī | rēg-ibus |
| ablative | rēg-e | rēg-ibus |

### 3rd Declension Neuter i-stem: mare

| 3rd Declension Neuter | Singular | Plural |
| nominative* | mare | mar-ia |
| genitive | mar-is | mar-ium |
| dative | mar-ī | mar-ibus |
| accusative | mare | mar-ia |
| ablative | mar-ī | mar-ibus |

### 4th Declension Masculine/Feminine (each word has a set gender) gradus, m.

| 4th Declension | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | grad-us | grad-ūs |
| accusative | grad-um | grad-ūs |
| genitive | grad-ūs | grad-uum |
| dative | grad-uī | grad-ibus |
| ablative | grad-ū | grad-ibus |

### 4th Declension Neuter: cornū

| 4th Declension Neuter | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | corn-ū | corn-ua |
| vocative | corn-ū | corn-ua |
| accusative | corn-ū | corn-ua |
| genitive | corn-ūs | corn-uum |
| dative | corn-ū | corn-ibus |
| ablative | corn-ū | corn-ibus |

### 5th Declension Masculine/Feminine (each word has a set gender; most are feminine): rēs, f.

| 5th Declension Feminine/Masculine | Singular | Plural |
| nominative | r-ēs | r-ēs |
| vocative | r-ēs | r-ēs |
| accusative | r-ēm | r-ēs |
| genitive | r-ēī | r-ērum |
| dative | r-ēī | r-ēbus |
| ablative | r-ē | r-ēbus |

## Exercises
### Exercise 1

Translate the following:
Hodiē militēs ad villam meī amīcī mittō. Meō amicō, Marcō Tulliō nomine, mē in Senatū maledicere placet, quā rē istum interficere volō.
Vocabulary:
* villa -ae f., farmhouse
* mittō mittere mīsī missus, to send
* nomen nominis n., name
* maledicō -dicere -dīxī -dictum, to insult
* placet placēre placuit placitus + dative, it pleases
* quā rē, on account of which
* iste ista istud, that damn (man/woman/thing)
* interficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectus, to kill
* volō velle voluī --, to want
    For extra credit, who in the late Republic might have said such a thing?

### Exercise 2

Translate the following:
Eheu! Mūs meum pānem mandit. Nunc nihil habeō. Me miserum!
Vocabulary:
* mando mandere mansi mansus, to chew on
# Latin/Lesson 5-The Subjunctive Perfect

The conjugation of the perfect subjunctive active consists of: the perfect stem + "eri" + the standard active endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt). An example conjugation of the first conjugation verb paro, parāre is as follows: parāverim parāverīs parāverit parāverīmus parāverītis parāverint
The conjugation of the pluperfect subjunctive active consists of: the perfect stem + "isse" + the standard active endings. An example conjugation of the first conjugation verb paro, parāre is as follows: parāvissem parāvissēs parāvisset parāvissēmus parāvissētis parāvissent
# Latin/Lesson 4-Principal Parts
## Principal Parts

All Latin verbs are identified by four principal parts. By using the four principal parts, one can obtain any and all forms of the verb, including participles, infinitives, gerunds and the like.
Examples of principal parts from verbs of each conjugation:
    1st: ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātum (to walk)
    2nd: doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (to teach)
    3rd: mittō, mittere, mīsī, mīssum (to send)
    4th: audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum (to hear)
For all regular verbs, the principal parts consist of the first person singular present active indicative, the infinitive, the first person singular perfect active indicative, and the supine (or in some texts, the perfect passive participle).
* Deponent verbs have only three principal parts:
    patior, patī, passus sum (to suffer)
    ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (to use)
* Likewise, semi-deponent verbs have only three:
    audeō, audēre, ausus sum (to dare)
    gaudeō, gaudēre, gavīsus sum (to rejoice)
Some verbs lack fourth principal parts (e.g., timeō, timēre, timuī, —; to be afraid); others, less commonly, lack a third in addition (e.g., fero, ferre, tuli, latum; to bring/carry). Others, such as sum, esse, fuī, futūrus, may use the future active participle (futūrus) as their fourth principal part; this indicates that the verb cannot be made passive.
# Latin/Lesson 4-The Subjunctive Passive
## Passive Subjunctive System

Having examined Lessons 15 and 23, forming the passive subjunctive should be quite simple.

### Present

Modify the verb stem appropriately with a vowel change (as learned in Lesson 15), then add the present passive endings (Lesson 23).
| parer | manear | regar | capiar | audiar |
| pareris | manearis | regaris | capiaris | audiares |
| paretur | maneatur | regatur | capiatur | audiatur |
| paremur | maneamur | regamur | capiamur | audiamur |
| paremini | maneamini | regamini | capiamini | audiamini |
| parentur | maneantur | regantur | capiantur | audiantur |

### Imperfect

The passive endings added to the present active infinitive.
| pararer | manerer | regerer | caperer | audirer |
| parareris | manereris | regereris | capereris | audireris |
| pararetur | maneretur | regeretur | caperetur | audiretur |
| pararemur | maneremur | regeremur | caperemur | audiremur |
| pararemini | maneremini | regeremini | caperemini | audiremini |
| pararentur | manerentur | regerentur | caperentur | audirentur |
# Latin/Lesson 5-Exercises

Translate:
* Multa de monte visa sunt.
* Hic opus factus est ab me.
* Multa magna agentur ab hoc puero.
* Deus laudabatur a multis.
# GLPK/Mac OS X packages

Users are referred to MacPorts.
Be aware that if you use one of the GLPK language bindings, then the MacPort GLPK version might be out of step with the language binding version. In the fortunate case that the API for both versions remains the same, then this should work. Otherwise you will need to resolve the misalignment somehow.
# GLPK/Linux packages

This page lists Linux packages for GLPK.
The use of packaged software avoids the need for manual compilation and installation. But be aware that package versions often trail the current version by quite a number of releases. Consult the release information to see what you are missing!

## Debian packages

GLPK is available as a Debian package. The Debian package system is used by Ubuntu. If you have administrator rights, the following call should install GLPK in its entirety:
If you only want GLPSOL, the following call is sufficient:
In any case, confirm GLPSOL:
Note that GLPK 4.44 was current at the time of the above installation — a lag of 6 releases.

## RPM packages

The Fedora distro typically offers separate RPM packages for the GLPK callable library and for GLPSOL. To install both use:
Confirm GLPSOL, if you installed it:
RPM package maintenance for GLPK seems to be generally responsive.
# GLPK/Mac OS X

For the general instruction for compiling see the GLPK/Linux OS.

### Setting MySQL option

If you want to enable MySQL for access to database tables from GLPK, it is likely you will have to set the MySQL include directory (the one with mysql.h in it). On the Mac, it is often found in:
So, when configuring use:
Your make job should then pick up the correct directory set in Makefile.
# GLPK/License

The following licensing provisions apply:
The GNU Project offers comprehensive advice on the compatibility of the GPL license with other software licenses.
# GLPK/Matlab

Matlab is a numerical computing environment from The MathWorks. Matlab is proprietary and cross-platform.

## GLPKMEX

GLPKMEX is a Matlab MEX interface to the GLPK library. GLPKMEX was originally developed by Nicolò Giorgetti with more recent input from Niels Klitgord. GLPKMEX is released under the GNU General Public License 2. Official support may be available at sourceforge.net/projects/glpkmex/support.
GPLKMEX binaries are available for Windows and MacOS X, and source code for Linux. Files can be downloaded at SourceForge. Be careful though — version 2.8 was only available precompiled for 32-bit (and not 64-bit) Windows systems — whilst noting that version 2.11 is now current.
More precompiled binaries and an updated version of glpkmex are available in a fork make by Benoît Legat.
For usage documentation see the comment header of file glpk.m.

### Windows 7 (32-bit)

Make sure all your components match your operating system:
* 32-bit Matlab environment
* 32-bit compiled mex interface
* 32-bit GLPK library file (.lib)
Follow the instructions in file INSTALL.
The .lib file needed is the one created by Build_GLPK_with_VC10.bat. The .lib file from GLPK for Windows cannot be used.

### Windows 7 (64-bit)

Make sure all your components match your operating system:
* 64-bit Matlab environment
* 64-bit compiled mex interface
* 64-bit GLPK library file (.lib)
Follow the instructions in file INSTALL.
The .lib file needed is the one created by Build_GLPK_with_VC10.bat. The .lib file from GLPK for Windows cannot be used.

## Alternatives to Matlab

There are close alternatives if you do not wish to use Matlab:
* GNU Octave comes with an integrated version of GLPKMEX, see here for details
* GLPK Scilab based on GLPKMEX is an add-on for Scilab.

## Use of PARFOR

The PARFOR command is used to loop over a block of code that then executes in parallel on a cluster of workers. In 2011, Tim Kam used PARFOR in combination with GLPKMEX. He experienced memory leaks and determined that this combination was the cause. Tim writes "maybe the garbage collection using MATLAB's mxFree for this particular MATLAB binding (see GLPKCC.cpp in GLPKMEX) does not seem to work when these functions are evaluated at the level of the parallel workers? So my not-so-elegant hack is to close and restart the parallel jobs each time I exit and re-enter the PARFOR loop instance (takes a couple seconds to send the close and restart signal to the parallel workers). That way I have roughly a constant demand on the memory by these parallel executions of large-ish GLPKMEX jobs."
# GLPK/Linux IDEs

The Mac OS X IDE page describes the use of Wine and various Windows IDEs — these instructions might also roughly apply to Linux. The cross-platform page might also offer some clues.

## Syntax coloring with KDE KatePart

KatePart, related to Kate, is a Linux KDE text editor component. Besoa Rabenasolo has written a MathProg syntax coloring file for KatePart. It also features code folding through the tags #BEGIN and #END. The file can be downloaded from here and should be renamed to gmpl.xml and installed here:
or for newer versions of kde, here:
Although well structured, the syntax file file is a first cut and could be improved. Some MathProg key words are not currently supported. Users are also free to adapt the file as they see fit.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Colloportus
## Overview

Colloportus seals a door.

## Extended Description

We first see this spell used at the Battle at the Ministry of Magic where Hermione, Luna, and Harry are using it to seal doors against the following Death Eaters. While it does seem proof against the unlocking spell, the effort is ultimately insufficient as there are too many doors that have to be sealed.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Bundimun
## Overview

A Bundimun is a wizard's pest with many spindly legs. It resembles fungus.

## Extended Description

Bundimuns are found worldwide. Bundimuns are known as a house pest, destroying the house from the inside out. Unless an exterminator is called in, a house infested with Bundimuns could collapse on itself.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Canary Cream
## Overview

Canary Creams, a Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes product, are trick pastries that turns the person eating them briefly into a canary.

## Extended Description

Canary Creams outwardly look like custard creams, but have a spell on them that causes the consumer to change into a large canary. The spell lasts only a few seconds, after which time the canary moults, and the victim returns to his normal shape. The first victim is Neville Longbottom, but he is by no means the last; these bewitched treats, sold by Fred and George at seven Sickles apiece, are used extensively in the month between the Triwizard Tournament's First Task and Christmas.

## Analysis

Canary Creams seem to play no important part in the story, except perhaps as a prelude to the Skiving Snackbox line that Fred and George will be perfecting in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. On their own, they are an indication of the type and extent of the twins' magical abilities, and more specifically of the nature of the tricks that they are likely to play.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Chimaera
## Overview

A Chimaera is a rare Greek beast. It has the head of a lion, a goat's body, and dragon tail.

## Extended Description

According to "Newt Scamander" in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, the Chimaera is extremely dangerous and has only been successfully slain once. Their eggs are classified as Class A Non-Tradeable Goods.
In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Hagrid expresses his disdain for the Ministry of Magic guidelines by asking why anyone would rather study Knarls than Chimaeras. Hermione, reporting this to Harry and Ron, nervously comments that she doesn't think Hagrid has any Chimaeras stashed away for them to study.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Chizpurfle
## Overview

Chizpurfles are a wizarding pest, devouring anything magical or electrical.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Clabbert
## Overview

Clabberts are agile, tree-dwelling creatures.

## Extended Description

The Clabbert's long, supple limbs make them ideal for swinging between branches, which likens them to some primates. Their hands and feet are webbed, and their smooth, hairless skin is mottled green, giving them an amphibious appearance. They bear two short horns and have wide, grinning mouths full of sharp teeth. Clabberts are easily distinguished by the large pustule in the center of their foreheads, which turns red and flashes at approaching danger, including Muggles. The International Confederation of Wizards fines those who keep Clabberts within the sight of Muggles; they cause too much unwanted attention (by appearing to have their 'Christmas lights' up in mid-summer).
The Clabbert originated in southern USA, but is exported worldwide. Their diet consists of small lizards and birds.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Centaur
## Overview

Centaurs are magical creatures with the upper body of a man and the lower body of a horse.

## Extended Description

Centaurs are a noble race that greatly values astrology and Divination. They like to keep to themselves, and think that it is beneath them to do a wizard's bidding. There is a large herd of centaurs that lives in the Forbidden Forest around Hogwarts. They are excellent archers. Notable Centaurs include Firenze and Bane; Magorian and Ronan are also mentioned.
Centaurs do not like to associate with humans, but they "do not harm foals" (meaning children and teenagers). They also do not like being underestimated or thought of as creatures. They attack Professor Umbridge after she calls them "filthy-half breeds" and states they have "near-human intelligence." They also get extremely angry at Hermione for letting on that she and Harry had purposefully led Umbridge into the forest so the Centaurs could "take care of her for them."

## Analysis

Centaurs see themselves as more intelligent and more aware of the world and the Universe than humans; this is why the more excitable among them, notably Bane, get so angry when their intelligence is impugned by "mere Humans". Firenze is expelled from the herd because he chooses to work for Professor Dumbledore, as the majority of the herd feel that this makes him subservient to a human.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Cockatrice
## Overview

A Cockatrice is, in Muggle texts, a synonym for a Basilisk. Though never fully defined in the Harry Potter series, it is apparently a dangerous creature that reproduces by means of eggs.

## Extended Description

There are only two mentions of a Cockatrice anywhere in the series. One is when Karkaroff is accusing Professor Moody of being over-cautious, perhaps to the point of paranoia. Karkaroff says that Moody had destroyed a gift given to him because it was ticking and he had thought it might contain a Cockatrice egg; in fact it was a carriage clock.
The other is when Hermione, in response to Ron's question about who the five judges for the Triwizard Tournament are, says that three of the judges must be the heads of the three schools. This was because she has found mention of the Triwizard Tournament of 1792, in which all three school heads were injured when a cockatrice the Champions were supposed to be catching went on a rampage.
Interestingly, cockatrices are not mentioned in "Newt Scamander"'s Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.

## Analysis

From the limited description we have, we do not know whether Basilisks and Cockatrices are the same creature, as our Muggle literature would indicate. As a Basilisk hatches from a chicken's egg (in Muggle mythology, a rooster's egg) incubated by a toad, it is possible; but no mention is made of the basilisk egg making a ticking sound. One also would have to wonder if the egg could be taken away from the toad before it hatched: would the lack of incubation prove fatal to the basilisk?

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Puncture Wounds
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Customs Fast Track
* Location: CJ's garage, Doherty, San Fierro

## Walkthrough

In this mission you need to steal a car driven by a woman that won't stop for anything short of wrecking her car. You get a special car modded with 3 "stingers", which are like police stop-sticks. Follow the target indicator (heading South on the freeway) and drop a stinger in front of her car. Once you hop out of your car, a cutscene will play as you fix the tires. Then, head back to the garage.

## Rewards

* Cash: $5,000
* Respect: +5
* Wang Cars becomes an asset

## New Missions Available

None
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Ran Fa Li
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Mountain Cloud Boys
* Location: Woozie's office, Chinatown, San Fierro

## Walkthrough

After the cutscene, drive to the airport car park, then find the marked car. Enter the car to trigger the next cutscene. Now you must get out of the car park, preferably by avoiding the road-blocks. Once you get out of the airport, some bikes will chase you. Take them out if you like. Once you get to the pier near Pier 69, you complete the mission.

## Rewards

* Cash: $6,000
* Respect: +15

## New Missions Available

* Lure
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Riot

This is essentially just a cutscene that flips the city into riot mode for the remainder of the game. After Tenpenny's trial is ended early with a not guilty verdict the city starts rioting. This means vehicles start spontaneously combusting, pedestrians start attacking one another and the player, buildings start to smoke and random fires appear throughout the city and pedestrians are more likely to carjack passing vehicles.
The riot makes things more difficult for the remaining missions in the storyline.
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Saint Mark's Bistro
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Freefall, High Noon, Green Goo
* Location: Caligula's Casino, Las Venturas

## Walkthrough

This mission is essentially a run-and-gun homage to GTA III. You initially have to fly a Learjet out of Las Venturas, heading toward Liberty City on the east coast. Once you have flown sufficiently far away from San Andreas, a cutscene will show CJ, freshly arrived in Liberty City, getting out of a taxi at St. Mark's Bistro (the location of an early mission in GTA III).
After this it's purely a case of moving through the building killing everyone, which should be pretty easy if you've picked up items like the Chaingun or M4 rifle in Las Venturas.
After you've laid waste to everyone in the building, the scene puts you back in the Learjet, returning to Las Venturas. You must land the jet at the airport to complete the mission.

## Rewards

* Cash: $20,000
* Respect +

## New Missions Available

None
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Police Station Weaponry

MISSION: First go through the red marker and watch the cutscene.After that go to the police station back garage and through the red marker.You are given a sawn-off shotgun and Catalina has a desert eagle.You will see Catalina bust through the entrance and kills the security.You will then kill all cops while Catalina tries to open the safe to the armory.When she opens the armory, she will start to collect guns.You will then have to take some guns and kill more guards. Then you exit the police station and head back to the safehouse.
REWARD: Grove street gang members carry M4`s and sawn-off shotguns`s Respect+15