OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ID Board Review/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/Complications of HIV/Other Complications of HIV

* Hematologic Complications of HIV
* Endocrine Complications of HIV
* Gastrointestinal Complications of HIV
* Renal Complications of HIV
** HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN)
* Cardio-metabolic Complications of HIV and Therapies
** HIV Cardiomyopathy
* Pulmonary Complications of HIV
* Head, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (HENT) Complications of HIV
* Musculoskeletal Complications of HIV
* Neurologic Complications of HIV
* Psychiatric Complications of HIV
* Dermatologic Complications of HIV
# ID Board Review/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/HIV Treatment Regimens/Antiretroviral Therapies by Classes

HIV ART Page Formats

## Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

* Lamivudine
* Abacavir
* Zidovudine
* Stavudine
* Didanosine
* Tenofovir

## Combined NRTIs

* Zidovudine + Lamivudine
* Abacavir + Lamivudine
* Tenofovir + Emtricitabine
* Stavudine + Lamivudine

## Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

* Rilpivirine
* Efavirenz
* Etravirine
* Nevirapine

## Combined NRTIs + NNRTIs

* Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Efavirenz
* Stavudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine
* Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine

## Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

* Atazanavir
* Darunavir
* Indinavir
* Lopinavir/ritonavir
* Ritonavir
* Saquinavir

## CCR5 Inhibitor (CCR5I)

* Maraviroc

## Integrase Inhibitors

* Raltegravir

## Fusion Inhibitors

* Efuvirtide
# ID Board Review/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/HIV Treatment Regimens/Antiretroviral Therapies by Classes/Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

* Lamivudine
* Abacavir
* Zidovudine
* Stavudine
* Didanosine
* Tenofovir
# ID Board Review/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/Complications of HIV/Opportunistic Infections (OIs)/OI Prevention

Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis: CD4 Levels and Other Indications :
| Infection | CD4 Count, or Other Indications | Prophylaxis |
| PJP | CD4 <200 OR Oropharyngeal Candidiasis OR Hx of PCP Infx | TMP/SMX ALT: Dapsone, Atovaquone, or Pentamidine |
| Toxoplasma gondii | CD4 <100 AND +IgG Ab | TMP/SMX ALT: Dapsone + Pyrimethamine + Leucovorin ALT: Atovaquone +/- Pyrimethamine + Leucovorin |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | CD4 <150 AND living in endemic areas | Intraconazole |
| VZV | Close clontact w Chickenpox, or Shingles AND... No Hx of prior Dz, OR negative VZV Abs | VariZIG OR IVIG (w/n 4 d of exposure) |
Note
# ID Board Review/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/HIV Prevention
## Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

* PrEP = Tenofovir + Emtricitabine
* Can reduce risk of HIV acquisition by >90%, and is offered to patients at risk for new HIV Infection

### Indications for PrEP

* Sexual Behaviors:
** Patients with HIV-positive partner with detectable viral load
** Patients that are MSM
** Patients from high prevalence areas (e.g. sub-Saharan Africa) have have had:
*** Recent bacterial STI(s)
*** Sex in exchange for money
*** Inconsistent condom use
*** High number of partners
* Injection Drug Use:
** HIV-positive injecting partner
** Sharing of injecting equipment

### Contraindications to PrEP

* Active HIV infection
** 2-drug antiretroviral therapy would incompletely treat active HIV, and cause drug resistance

### PrEP Requirements

* Patients must have negative fourth-generation HIV testing and NO manifestations of acute HIV
* As well as normal renal function, and documented Hep B infection/vaccination
** Patients with chronic HBV infection can sometimes undergo combined HBV and PrEP Treatment

### PrEP Follow Up

* q 3 mo HIV testing, as well as
** Risk-reduction counseling
** Medication adherence/side-effect assessment
* Regular Cr levels and screen for bacterial STIs
# English for B2 Students/Answers
## Unit 1 Answers

* of, of
* TBC
* TBC
* TBC

## Unit 2 Answers

* is smoking
* am studying
* have - use present simple to describe possession
* am meeting - use present continuous to describe future arrangements
* am having - have here describes an action so we use present continuous

## Unit 3 Answers

* Have you ever eaten - we use present perfect because we mean at any time in your life
* went - we use past simple because we know when it happened: last year
* have never seen
* hasn't eaten - don't forget the third person s with he and she
* went - we use past simple because the question tells us when: last summer

## Unit 4 Answers

* If I were very rich, I would stay in 5 star hotels.
* If I go out on Saturday, I will drink red wine.
* If I hadn't woken up this morning, I wouldn't have learned about conditionals.
* If I could choose any wife, I would choose Shakira.
* I will buy a new DVD if I get paid this week.

## Unit 5 Answers

* I'm going - we use going to because it is a plan
* arrives - we can use present simple when talking about timetabled events
* will win - we usually use will to talk about predictions
* will you - for questions about unplanned events use will
* am going to visit

## Unit 6 Answers

* used to
* usually
* used to or no longer
* usually
* no longer

## Unit 8 Answers

* The burglars had escaped when the police arrived.
* When she arrived the party had finished.
* When they got to the hospital she had given birth.
* Before we came to London we had lived in 10 different cities.
* He had been on a plane so he was tired.

## Unit 9 Answers

* to live
* to buy
* tell
* going
* to close

## Unit 10 Answers

* I'm very sorry but you mustn't smoke here.
* Sir, you have to leave your passport at the reception.
* My doctor says that I shouldn't smoke.
* The bus was cancelled so we had to take the taxi.
* I don't have to go to work on Saturday because the office is closed.

## Unit 11 Answers

* beautiful new striped
* long curly black

## Test 1 Answers
### Grammar

* have travelled
* am resting
* [am] eating
* leaves
* will have
* went

### Vocabulary

* of
* done
* uncle
* to
* ferry
* would
* on
* play truant

## Test 2 Answers

English for B2 students
* Aims • Unit 1 • Unit 2
• Unit 3 • Unit 4 • Unit 5
• Unit 6 • Test 1
* Unit 7 • Unit 8 • Unit 9
• Unit 10 • Unit 11 • Unit 12
• Test 2
# English for B2 Students/Further Reading
## What should you read in English?

By this stage you should be able to understand the main idea and key words of many articles. You will still have difficulty recognising and using many words but you should not let this prevent you from attempting to read in English. The following newspapers can be read online. Newspapers like The Guardian are considered to be broadsheet newspapers and articles are usually longer and may use more formal vocabulary. Newspapers like The Sun are tabloid newspapers and their articles are often shorter, with more pictures but they may use very informal language, idioms and phrasal verbs which may be a challenge for non-native speakers to read. English varies around the world so you should try to read articles from many different countries
* Guardian Online (British)
* The Independent (British)
* The Sun (British)
* Cape Times (South African)
* Strait Times (Singaporean)
* Washington Post (American)
English for B2 students
* Aims • Unit 1 • Unit 2
• Unit 3 • Unit 4 • Unit 5
• Unit 6 • Test 1
* Unit 7 • Unit 8 • Unit 9
• Unit 10 • Unit 11 • Unit 12
• Test 2
# English for B2 Students/Links

Links to related web resources:
* About the Cambridge FCE Exam
* Language Exchange Community--Practise your learning language with native speakers
* RoPeCast - A biweekly podcast for advanced learners of English. Culture, Language, Learning tips.
* Common European Framework levels
* Games Zone - Online English Games
# English for B2 Students/Introduction

This book will be a text book designed for use by learners of English as a second language. It will be primarily aimed at B2 students. B2 denotes the 4th (of 6) stage of the Common European Framework, an internationally used standard for learning languages. This level is often referred to as Upper Intermediate or Pre-Advanced and students at this level often take the University of Cambridge FCE examination. For more information about CEF levels see here
This text book will be similar to many paper text books currently available such as English File, Inside Out and Language to Go. It will present topics in a step-by-step pattern focusing on key vocabulary, grammar, writing skills, spoken interaction and communication, listening skills and examination practice in preparation for the FCE examination. The book will emphasise the use of everyday English and use standards of English which are familiar to speakers of English around the world - basically this means that vocabulary and grammar of British/Irish and American English may be used although the emphasis will often be directed to the 'easier' standard or the standard that is considered most acceptable for the University of Cambridge examinations.

## Contents of English for B2 students

This book focuses on using English in everyday situations. Each unit of the book specialises in a particular part of grammar and a vocabulary topic. Units in this book make use of a variety of reading and listening texts. Each unit ends with practice exercises which should be attempted before the next unit is attempted. At the end of every 5 units there is a 'progress test' which revises grammar and vocabulary taught in the previous units. This book is designed to be read from start to finish however students may prefer to concentrate on a particular area of grammar or vocabulary. Please see the Aims page for detailed information about the contents of each unit.

## The English language

The flags on the Contents page display countries where English is the main, or one of the main, language(s). The flags, from left to right, represent the following countries: The United Kingdom (original country of the English language), USA (largest English-speaking country), Canada (first language with French), South Africa (one of more than 10 official languages), Jamaica, Australia (largest English-speaking country in the southern hemisphere), Ireland, New Zealand.
As a native language English is spoken by over 350 million people but if all English speakers are included in this figure it totals well over a billion people across the globe. English is the language of business, one of the most common languages for music and films and one of the official languages of the United Nations and the European Union.
English for B2 students
* Aims • Unit 1 • Unit 2
• Unit 3 • Unit 4 • Unit 5
• Unit 6 • Test 1
* Unit 7 • Unit 8 • Unit 9
• Unit 10 • Unit 11 • Unit 12
• Test 2
# Aims of the units of English for B2 students

English for B2 students • Aims :
| Unit | Grammar | Vocabulary |
| Unit 1 | adjectives and prepositions | common questions and answers |
| Unit 2 | present continuous | hobbies and sport |
| Unit 3 | present perfect | hobbies and family |
| Unit 4 | 1st, 2nd and 3rd conditionals | travel and transport |
| Unit 5 | future forms | talking about the future |
| Unit 6 | used to, usually | school, subjects |
| Unit 7 | phrasal verbs - form | phrasal verbs with look and take |
| Unit 8 | past perfect | movies, cinema |
| Unit 9 | verb patterns (infinitive, gerund) | jobs |
| Unit 10 | modals of obligation | accommodation |
| Unit 11 | adjective order and 'strong' adjectives | clothes, fashion |
| Unit 12 | passive voice | |
English for B2 students
* Aims • Unit 1 • Unit 2
• Unit 3 • Unit 4 • Unit 5
• Unit 6 • Test 1
* Unit 7 • Unit 8 • Unit 9
• Unit 10 • Unit 11 • Unit 12
• Test 2
# English for B2 Students/Grammar

English for B2 students
* Aims • Unit 1 • Unit 2
• Unit 3 • Unit 4 • Unit 5
• Unit 6 • Test 1
* Unit 7 • Unit 8 • Unit 9
• Unit 10 • Unit 11 • Unit 12
• Test 2
The Cambridge First Certificate examination requires a good grasp of English grammar. The following list is no exhaustive.
* Present Simple, Present Continuous (Progressive), Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous
* Past Simple, Past Continuous (Progressive), Past Perfect Simple, Used to / Would for past habits (Past Perfect Continuous may be used in reading parts)
* Future forms: will / shall, be going to, Present Continuous for future situations, Future Perfect Simple
* Comparatives, Superlative (adjectives and adverbs) and the as + adjective + as structure
* Passive: typically only for Present and Past forms
* Relative Clauses
* Adverbs of manner, time, etc.
# English for B2 Students/Notes
## Welcome Editors!

This book is a Wikibook therefore you are free to edit as you wish but please respect the outline and style that is in use. The book currently features 15 units each with a specific aim with regards to the grammar and vocabulary that they should teach. Before you edit a particular unit please see the Aims page for details of the aim of each lesson. It is hoped that this Wikibook can include as much multimedia (songs, listening exercises, reading texts and games) as possible so any help with creating such resources would be much appreciated.

## Other pages to consult

Also refer to the Introduction page so you have an idea about what is expected and who this Wikibook is intended for.
Remember that this Wikibook is designed for B2 students. These students usually have a firm foundation of English and are able to have conversations about most topics but they may still make many mistakes including basic mistakes. Don't make the grammar too easy but at the same time don't assume that the student will already know everything.

## Format of Units in this book

* All units should begin with the title repeated (e.g. "The World of English").
* The aim of the lesson in terms of grammar and vocabulary should be stated next.
* Most units then follow with a dialogue exposing some of the language, a reading text or some speaking questions about the unit topic. Try to include multimedia resources like audio files where possible.
* The grammar of the lesson should be presented next. Use a nice table like {{English/B2/Table|Speaking|Common Questions||2}} and explain any exceptions or difficulties you think students might have. An alternative is to let the students work out the grammar for themselves but remember to provide a link to the answers somewhere so they can check.
* I usually like to add some speaking questions next as it provides a nice break from the grammar which can erode the mind!
* Don't forget to focus on the vocabulary of the lesson. You can present it in a table or allow the students to identify the correct definitions for themselves. See units already designed for some ideas.
* Every unit should end with at least 5 exercises testing the grammar or vocabulary of this lesson. Don't forget to add the answers to the Answers page.
* Add a link to some kind of Grammar Reference also. This could refer the students to the English/English in use Wikibook or another online grammar resource. Students often like to find out more.
* The {{English/B2/Lessons}} template should go at the bottom of every unit so that students can easily navigate the Wikibook. Also try to add some images to make the unit look a little more interesting.
English for B2 students
* Aims • Unit 1 • Unit 2
• Unit 3 • Unit 4 • Unit 5
• Unit 6 • Test 1
* Unit 7 • Unit 8 • Unit 9
• Unit 10 • Unit 11 • Unit 12
• Test 2
# English for B2 Students/CEF

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment is a guideline to measure achievements in European languages. For information about the background to the CEF see this Wikipedia article.

## Levels

    A Basic User
       A1 Breakthrough (often known as Elementary)
       A2 Waystage (often known as Pre-Intermediate)
    B Independent User
       B1 Threshold (often known as Intermediate)
       B2 Vantage (often known as Upper Intermediate)
    C Proficient User
       C1 Effective Operational Proficiency (often known as Advanced)
       C2 Mastery (often known as Proficiency)
# Islam In The World/Human Rights Watch

* Reports the harm and injustice done to many people in the world which in many situations the HRW goes along with Islam Sharia.
* HRW don't agree on applying sharia law in Saudi Arabia
* HRW describes the Saudi Arabia as "Workers’ Hell" where many workers keep flooding into the Country, mostly from Asia and are kept apart from the general population. Saudi Arabia is not alone in this regard.. in one of HWR reports the reason for not talking about other countries in the Area is because "they have not yet explored"

## Links

Western human rights Organization .... Islamic view by Islam' Question and Answer

## References

* ↑ [www.hrw.org Human Rights Watch official site]
* ↑ Abd al-Rahman al-Lahim, Saudi Arabia
* ↑ Workers’ Hell in Saudi Arabia
* ↑ Domestic Workers: Little Protection for the Underpaid
* ↑ Online Chat: Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia
# Islam In The World/Iran

* The repuplic religion is Shiah Imamiah
* It was reported that the president of the country had insulted three of the prophet Mohammad companions on an Iranian Channel.
* Converting the Arabic area of Ahwaz to Farsi Area

## References

* ↑ Ahmadi Najad mistake of insulting Companions Watan newspaper of Kuwait (Arabic)
* ↑ Ahwaz palms and Safavid occupation plans Islam memo site (Arabic)
* ↑ Iranian activist reveal government plans to convert Ahwaz to Persian area Islam memo site (Arabic)
# Islam In The World/Organizations
## Non-Governmental Organizations

* Human Rights Watch
* Amnesty
* Reporters Without Borders

## Other International Organizations

* United Nations
# Islam In The World/George W. Bush

George W. Bush held the office of President of the United States of America when the September 11 terrorism acts were carried out in 2001. Osama bin Laden, a militant Saudi Arabian muslim, soon claimed responsibility for the act. He had been forced to leave Sudan, after attacks on a US embassy, and the USS Cole, and sought haven with the Taliban in Afghanistan.
The US government demanded that the Taliban hand Osama bin Laden unconditionally over, but when they refused, the US military invaded the country to capture the heads of the terrorist organisation, al-Qaeda, which Osama was said to lead. The initial invasion appeared to be a success, and coalition forces soon gained control of Kabul. Soon, however, it became apparent that the country was not quite won yet; warlords swept in to fill the power void, and the Taliban regrouped. Eight years later, there are few prospects for peace in that war-torn country.
While the Bush administration was eager to explain that its "War on Terror" was in no way a war on Islam, not all were convinced. Calling the incursion into Afghanistan a "crusade" was a sore spot for some Muslims and particularly after the second US invasion of Iraq, the relationship between the US and the "Muslim world" became a sensitive issue.
However, Bush also publicly stated that he believed that Muslims have no barriers to entry into Heaven that are not also faced by Christians, and that Islam was as acceptable a path to God as Christianity.

## References

* ↑ War, 21st-century style
# Islam In The World/Libya
## References

* ↑ Gaddafi, the prevention of alcohol and prostitution houses in Libya Arabic
# Islam In The World/Egypt
## In conformity with the Quran

* There are scholars that follow the pious predecessors and they have freedom to speak.
* People are free to pray together in the Army.

## In contradiction with the Quran

* People aren't allowed to grow their beard in the Army.

## Other notes

* Islamic culture is freely available as there are Islamic channels like Al-Rahma and Al-Nas.
# Islam In The World/Netherlands

In 2004, Theo Van Gogh directed the film, "Submission". Even though the movie was a fictional story about a muslim woman, the story was based on the interpretation of the Koran and centred in role of muslim women. Later that year, Van Gogh was murdered by a muslim named Mohammed Bouyeri. The author, muslim-turned-atheist Ayaan Hirsi Ali, is still criticized by the Muslim leadership for her criticism of Islam, including death threats.
In 2008, Geert Wilders released a film called Fitna. The film argued that Islam encourages acts of terrorism, antisemitism, and violence against women and homosexuals.
* ↑ Wikipedia entry for Fitna
* ↑ w:Mohammed Bouyeri
* ↑ http://pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/rss/print_503977.html Furor over author Ayaan Hirsi Ali's visit stirs debate on religious freedom
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUXpYswi7ck Ayaan Hirsi Ali death threats -France24 EN
* ↑ w:Fitna_(film)
* ↑ The anti-Islam Dutch film – comment, criticism and advice
# Islam In The World/Saudi Arabia
## In conformity with the Quran

* Men are ordered to pray in the Mosques, and shops are ordered to be closed at prayer time.
* Sharia Laws are applied.
* There is an official authority called "The General Presidency of the promotion of virtue and the prevention of vice" to help enforcing Sharia.
* There is office dedicated to inform about Islam and the Islamic activities, that works also with workers that came from foreign countries.
* Alcohol consumption is banned.
* Bars and night clubs are banned.
* Women are ordered to wear the Islamic clothes.
* People can take their cases to the court free of charge and without a lawyer.
* Adultery is a crime
* Death penalty for murder.
# Islam In The World/Syria

* The Syrian law is positive law which uses much of the French law as a resource.
* The Syrian president belong to the Alawi sector wish is part of Shiaa sectors and keep the power between them.

#### Supporting Shiataization

The regimen in Syria is accused of supporting Shiataization and some say that it's because of the joint origin of Shia Alawi and the Shia the Twelfth (Imami).
but the official Mofti and the Shia references deny that.

## references

* ↑ Alawis minority in Syria are afraid of the future ar
* ↑ who rules in Syria? ar
* ↑ /Article about Nassiret ar
* ↑ Egypt Future ar
* ↑ Alawi and the Rule in Syria ar
* ↑ The Iraqi prostitution spread in Syria ar
* ↑ The corruptness of the family that govern Syria "Syria's New Mafia" - no 9: Atef Najeeb ar
* ↑ Study about shiataization in Syria The Movement for Building and Justis (Syrian Opposition) ar
* ↑ Shiataization file in Syrian Kurds site ar
* ↑ Words for previous vice-presedent (Abdel-Halim Khaddam) ar
* ↑ Iranian bribe for Arab countries - Egyptian online newspaper ar
* ↑ Iranian breach of the Arab world - Association of Al-Sham Authors ar
* ↑ Shiataization spreading in Sunnis African countries ar
* ↑ Manifestations of the penetration of Shiism in Sunnis countries Dar Alwatan Article ar
* ↑ No Shiataization by money Shia reference Abdullah Nizam statement ar
* ↑ Speaking of Shiataization is exaggerated- Mofti Ahmad Hassoun ar
# KS3 Computing/Hardware/Processor Questions Worksheet

What happens in the fetch stage? What happens in the decode stage? What happens in the execute stage? What is meant by clock speed? How is clock speed measured? Describe the difference between a single core and a multi core processor What is cache used for? What is the difference between cache and ram? What is the difference between a 32 bit computer and 64 bit computer? Describe what the purpose of a system bus