OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CAWD/Introduction
## Introduction

Writing is a sociocultural phenomenon that reflects a community's values. According to Murray (2000), writing is “not a set of skills, whose absence or presence in individuals or communities automatically leads to particular outcomes” (p. 44). In other words, writing is not a context-free, value-neutral set of skills but a set of social or cultural practices and its participants as a community of practice” (Reder, 1994, p. 33).
Vygotsky (1978) argues that all learning is inherently social in nature. In fact, Vygotsky's theory implies that writing arises out of and retains the functions of social uses of language. A particular discourse community is characterized by the particular conventions of creating and interacting with texts. Therefore, in order to acquire writing, one needs socialization or acculturation into the distinctive conventions of the particular discourse community.
Obviously writing practices are not only social but also mental and individual: writing involves a lot more than inscribing words. It is a linguistic process that relies not only on knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, but also on knowledge of textual organization beyond the sentence level, knowledge of genres, and knowledge of conventions of spoken and written language. It is a cognitive process that involves creating links between our knowledge and textual forms and ongoing critical assessment of the quality of those links. It is a social practice, interwoven into larger social practices, that is developed through apprenticeship and shaped by its users to conform with social needs. In sum, writing is seen as a dynamic set of linguistic, social and cognitive processes that are culturally motivated (Kern, 2000).
Furthermore, writing is now situated within computer networks, and the most profound effects of computer technology on writing arise from social interaction made possible by computer networks. Social use of computer technology, especially virtual environments such as MOO and WOO, present a new opportunity to enable EFL learners to interact with native speakers in a social community for developing EFL learners' writing ability.
Seen in this context, virtual environments on computer networks and writing are closely related. Therefore, the basic premise underlying this study is that EFL writing education can be empowered by the potential of virtual environments on computer networks. I examine in more detail the question of how activities in virtual environments enhance EFL learners' writing acquisition.
# CAWD/Reference
## Reference

Kern, R. (2000). Literacy and Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Murray, D. F. (2000). Changing technologies, changing literacies communities. Language Learning & Technology, 4(2), 43-58.
Reder, S. (1994). Practice-engagement theory: A sociocultural approach to literacy across language and cultures. In B. M. Ferdman, R-M. Weber, & A. G. Ramirez (Eds.), Literacy across languages and cultures (pp. 33-74). Albany, NY: State University of New York.
Turbee, L. (1999). Classroom practice: MOO, WOO, and more-Language learning in virtual environments. In J. Egbert, & E. Hanson-Smith (Eds.), CALL environments: Research, practice, and critical issues (pp. 17-26). Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
# CA Unicenter NSM Textbook
## Reference Guide To CA Unicenter NSM 3.1 (and TNG 2.2, 2.4 and TND 3.0)

This aim of this book is to be the solid reference to Unicenter NSM that you always wished you had every week you work with this tool, and to demonstrate real world ways to deliver value from a toolset that is enormous, complex and deeply mysterious to most of its users.
The book aims to cover:
* Unicenter NSM procedures with worked examples
* its obscure command line utilities, and their syntax, with examples that work
* hiterto unknown or lost sources of knowledge about this product
* how to leverage "field developed utilities"
* how to work around all the things in the product which work in a less than ideal manner in your environment.
At this point the initial contributors envisage these sections below.

## Tips on understanding the architecture

This section should include architectural level content that describes how the product works for example, what each element such as the enterprise manager, DSM does, and how they relate to each other. Often understanding the NSM framework is like peeling an onion over many years, each layer of understanding reveals another question.

## Top ways to deliver value from the suite

With an admin manual running to thousands of pages it can be daunting to see how to get value quickly from the toolset.

## Command reference

An encyclopedia of NSM commands, each command should have as much detail as possible about:
* its category and usage
* what versions of NSM it works on
* when you might want to use it
* some examples of use
CA Unicenter NSM Textbook/Command Reference

## Tools and how to use them

An encyclopedia of NSM tools and utilities, each tool description should have as much detail as possible about: - its category and usage - what versions of NSM it works on - when you might want to use it - some step by step procedures

## Other reference information

Any miscellaneous information about the tool such as tcp/ip port usage, traffic size analysis etc. CA Unicenter NSM Textbook/Other Reference Information

## Workarounds to common challenges

- how to guides to customise your way out of sticky challenges. CA Unicenter NSM Textbook/Issues and Workarounds

## A faq section

- how to question and answer for common problems. CA Unicenter NSM Textbook/FAQ

## Links to other info sources

Expose your treasure store of useful sources to the world! CA Unicenter NSM Textbook/Useful Links
CA Unicenter NSM Textbook | Understanding Architecture | Delivering Value | Command Reference | Other Reference Commands | Issues and Workarounds | FAQ | Useful Links
# Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/uranium

Uranium is found worldwide in soil and rocks. Australia has the largest known reserves.

## What are its uses?

Uranium is commonly used in nuclear reactors to make electricity, as well as in nuclear weapons.
Uranium is also used to test the age of very old rocks.
Uranium was used to color paints and glazes, although such use is rare today.
Uranium can also be used to color glass yellow; such uranium glass, or "vaseline glass," glows green under ultraviolet light (also known as a black light.)
Because it is so heavy, uranium is used in armor-piercing artillery bullets.

## Is it dangerous?

Pure uranium can burst into flames.
Compounds with uranium in them are toxic.
Uranium is radioactive, and can lead to cancer.
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging

Chest imaging is a medical imaging technique that focuses on visualizing the structures within the chest, including the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and surrounding tissues. It is essential for diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of chest-related conditions and diseases. Several imaging modalities are commonly used in chest imaging:
Chest imaging is essential for diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as lung diseases, heart diseases, trauma, infections, tumors, and vascular disorders. Radiologists, pulmonologists, cardiologists, and other healthcare professionals rely on these imaging techniques to provide accurate diagnoses and guide treatment decisions in chest-related medical cases.

## Chest Radiology

* Signs in Chest Radiology
* Specific Indications of Chest Radiology
* Interstitial Lung Disease
* Alveolar Lung Disease
* Atelectasis, Airways and Obstructive Lung Disease
* Mediastinal Masses and Mediastinal/Hilar Lymph Node Enlargement
* Solitary and Multiple Pulmonary Nodules
* Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Lung
* Chest Trauma
* Chest Wall, Pleura and Diaphragm
* Infection (Immunocompetent, Immunocompromised and Post-transplant Patients
* Unilaterla Hyperlucent Lung (or hemthorax)
* Congenital Lung Disease
* Pulmonary Vascular
* Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessels
* Ischemic Heart Disease
* Myocardial Disease
* Cardiac Valvular Disease
* Pericardial Disease
* Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
* Monitoring and support devices -- "tubes and lines"
* Postoperative Chest
# Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/orphaned pages/Waste storage issue gaining momentum nationally

Even before the Fukushima crisis, the nuclear waste storage issue had been gaining steam. "We haven't found a solution for the 100 nuclear power plants operating," said Stephen Smith of the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy. "And waste is building up on-site, with no solution." During Housae budget hearings in July, the financial ramifications of the thwarted Yucca Mountain nuclear waste depository had already begun generating political heat for the administration.South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford, a Republican, said the president's decision was "spectacularly misguided, and breaks a promise" made "decades ago" by the federal government to handle the waste.

## Obama

Shortly before Fukushima, Obama had come under heat as politicians from states which anticipated utilizing Yucca Mountain and others accused him of a "Chicago-style" political ploy to help Sen. Harry Reid, D-Nevada, where opposition to Yucca Mountain is entrenched. The dispute has spawned online satirical videos and warring animations However, Reid brushed aside such remarks with the contention that transport to a central site increases risks. "Leave it on-site where it is," he said last year. "You don't have to worry about transporting it. Saves the country billions and billions of dollars On May 24, 2011, the Institute for Policy Studies came out with a new report ranking various spent fuel sites and contending that spent nuclear reactor fuel needs to be moved en masse into safer dry cask storage rather than the current liquid pool system.

## Union of Concerned Scientists

Earlier in the month, the Union of Concerned Scientists had, in testimony before Congress, pointed out that there were dry cask nuclear waste storage units at Fukushima which had survived the earthquake and the tsunami, and that the problems were confined to the storage pools.
    "Virtually nothing has been reported about the fuel stored in dry casks at Fukushima Dai-Ichi. It
    experienced the earthquake. It experienced the tsunami. It experienced the prolonged power
    outage. It did not overheat. It was not damaged. It did not produce hydrogen that later exploded.
    It did not cause the evacuation of a single member of the public. It did not cause a single worker
    to receive radiation over-exposure."

## References

* ↑ http://articles.cnn.com/2010-02-16/politics/obama.nuclear.power_1_nuclear-waste-nuclear-power-tons-of-radioactive-waste?_s=PM:POLITICS
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3ChmZcXplo
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWXiqSfjmhU
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjCrxWcx_yg&NR=1
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oxmnZ2663E&feature=related
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lF9VBMHcew4&feature=related
* ↑ http://articles.cnn.com/2010-02-16/politics/obama.nuclear.power_1_nuclear-waste-nuclear-power-tons-of-radioactive-waste?_s=PM:POLITICS
* ↑ http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFN2428794720110525?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0
* ↑ Union of Concerned Scientists|This citation needs enhancement|June 2011
# Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/orphaned pages/disaster
## English
### Etymology

From Italian disastro, disaster; originally meaning "unfavourable to one's stars", from dis-#Italian|dis-, bad (compare dys-), + astro, star, celestial body, from Latin astrum, from Greek astron.

### Noun

* An unexpected natural or man-made catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment.
* An unforeseen event causing great loss, upset or unpleasantness of whatever kind.
    The downpour and gales turned the wedding into a disaster.
    A nod means good, two nods; very good. And then there's the pursing of the lips: disaster.
-The Devil Wears Prada

#### Synonyms

* See also Wikisaurus:disaster

#### Translations

* French: fr|désastre. See also fr|catastrophe
* German: Desaster
The disaster module or this section of Fukushima Aftermath: Diablo Nuclear Redux? is an incomplete stub. You can help! Add your contributions.
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Chest Indications
## Indications of chest CT

* Evaluation of an abnormality identified on conventional radiographs
** Densitometry of solitary pulmonary nodule
** Localization and characterization of mediastinal mass
* Staging of Lung Cancer
** Assessment of extent of primary tumor, The relationship of tumor to pleura, chest wall, airways, mediastinum
** Detection of hilar and mediastinal LAD
* Detection of occult pulmonary metastases
** Extra-thoracic malignancies with propensity to involve the lungs (osteogenic sarcoma, breast, RCC)
* Detection of mediastinal nodes
** Lymphoma, mets, infection
* Distinction of empyema from periph lung abscess (contrast enhanced)
* Detection and eval aortic disease
** Aneurysm, dissection, intramural hematoma, aortitis, trauma

## Indications of chest HRCT (High Resolution CT)

* Solitary pulmonary nodule
** Volumetric exam, accurate density determination
* Detection of lung disease in patient with pulmonary signs and symptoms or abnormal PFT but normal or equivocal CXR
** Emphysema, Extrinisic allergic alveolitis, small airway disease, immunocompromised patient
* Evaluation of diffusely abnormal CXR
** Cystic fibrosis, Sarcoidosis, Interstitial lung disease, Histocytosis X, ARDS
* Approach for biopsy
** Bronchoscopy vs. VATS or needle biopsy
# Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/orphaned pages/Union representation

Overall, there are approximately 1200 employees of Pacific Gas and Electric and 200 employees of subcontractors.Several unions represent the workforce at Diablo, among them the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and the International Association of Machinists. Control Technicians and electricians who work for Crane Nuclear, one of many subcontractors, are represented by the IBEW Local 1245. 1245 also represents PG&E meter readers, clerical workers, etc. Local 639,which is involved with Diablo but is under "spring outage", also supports solar energy development as part of the overall energy industry portfolio. This outage has been retracted as of June 10, 2011 The outages are routine for maintenance and the complex process of refueling, and created 1,000 temporary jobs, according to PG&E. One of the more illustrious figures on the Diablo Canyon labor scene is Mike Pellegrino, a longshoreman/writer who at one time was a labor organizer for the International Union of Security Officers; he contends that his efforts resulted in a large increase of union membership at DCPP. Pellegrino Other workers are represented by the Plumbers and Pipefitters.
According to a SLO Tribune interview with PG&E's Chris Johns, " tragedy in Japan has prompted more concerns from Diablo Canyon’s 1,800 employees than any other issue, Becker said. Plant managers are holding brown-bag lunch meetings with employees to address those concerns".

## References

* ↑ Public hearing minutes, Santa Barbara Board of Supervisors, Special NRC session of June 16, 2011
* ↑ http://www.ibew1245.com/Agreements/Crane_Nuclear_2009-2011.pdf
* ↑ http://www.ibew1245.com/ContractIndex/PT-002-01.htm
* ↑ http://www.ibew639.org/index.cfm
* ↑ http://www.pgecurrents.com/2011/06/10/diablo-canyon-power-plant-unit-returns-to-service-after-planned-outage/
* ↑ More than 1,000 temporary workers – a boost to the local economy – were brought in to work with PG&E employees to replace a portion of the reactor fuel and to perform maintenance and testing on plant system components that are inaccessible during regular plant operations.
* ↑ http://www.mikepellegrini.com/
* ↑ http://openjurist.org/874/f2d/816/huhn-ii-v-pullman-power-products-corporation
* ↑ http://www.sanluisobispo.com/2011/03/17/1525476/pacific-gas-and-electrics-president.html#storylink=mirelated
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Anatomy

Chest anatomy refers to the structures and components located in the thoracic region of the body, commonly known as the chest. The chest houses vital organs and structures, including the heart, lungs, major blood vessels, and the thoracic cage (ribcage). Here is an overview of the key components of chest anatomy:
Understanding chest anatomy is essential for healthcare professionals, especially those in cardiology, pulmonology, thoracic surgery, and emergency medicine. It enables the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to the heart, lungs, and other thoracic organs.

## Normal Chest Anatomy

Name and define the three zones of the airways
Define a secondary pulmonary lobule
Define an acinus
List the lobar and segmental bronchi of both lungs
* Identify the following structures on the posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph:
* Lungs -- right, left, right upper, middle and lower lobes, left upper and lower lobes, lingula
* Fissures -- minor, superior accessory, inferior accessory, azygous
* Airway - trachea, carina, main bronchi
* Heart - right atrium, left atrial appendage, left ventricle, location of the four cardiac valves
* Pulmonary arteries -- main, right, left, interlobar
* Aorta -- ascending, arch, descending
* Veins -- superior vena cava, azygous, left superior intercostal ("aortic nipple")
* Bones -- spine, ribs, clavicles, scapulae, humerus
* Right paratracheal stripe
* Junction lines -- anterior, posterior
* Aortopulmonary window
* Azygoesophageal recess
* Paraspinal lines
* Left subclavian artery
Identify the following structures on the lateral chest radiograph:
* Lungs -- right, left, right upper, middle and lower lobes, left upper and lower lobes, lingula
* Fissures n-- major, minor, superior accessory
* Airway -- trachea, upper lobe bronchi, posterior wall of bronchus intermedius
* Heart -- right ventricle, right ventricular outflow stripe, left atrium, left ventricle, the location of the four cardiac valves
* Pulmonary arteries -- right, left
* Aorta --ascending, arch, descending
* Veins -- SVC, IVC, left brachiocephalic (innominate), pulmonary vein confluence
* Bones -- spine, ribs, scapulae, humerus
* Retrosternal line
* Posterior tracheal stripe
* Right and left hemidiaphragms
* Raiderís triangle
* Brachiocephalic (innominate) artery
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Diagnosis

Chest diagnosis refers to the process of identifying and evaluating medical conditions and diseases affecting the chest, including the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and surrounding structures. Accurate chest diagnosis is essential for managing a wide range of respiratory, cardiovascular, and thoracic disorders. Here are key steps and methods involved in chest diagnosis:
Accurate chest diagnosis is essential for guiding appropriate treatment plans, whether they involve medication, surgery, lifestyle changes, or other interventions. The choice of diagnostic methods depends on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and the suspected condition, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach to provide comprehensive care.

## Chest Wall, Mediastinum and Pleura

* Chest Wall Lesions
* Pleural Masses
* Pleural Effusions
* Pleural Thickening and Pleural Calcification
* Elevated Hemidiaphragm
* Mediastinal Shift
* Anterior Mediastinal Mass
* Middle Mediastnal Mass
* Posterior Mediastinal Mass
* Hilar Mass

## Increased Pulmonary Opacities

* Atelectasis
* Segmental and Lobar Opacities
* Diffuse Coalescent Opacities
* Fine Reticular Opacities
* Coarse Reticular Opacities
* Diffuse Fine Nodular Disease
* Multifocal Ill-defined Opacities
* Multiple Nodules and Masses
* Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

## Loss of Pulmonary Opacity

* Hyperlucent Lungs
* Solitary Localized Lucent Defect
* Multiple Lucent Lesions
# Diagnostic Radiology/Chest Imaging/Alveolar Disease

* List four broad categories of acute alveolar lung disease (ALD)
* List five broad categories of chronic ALD
* Name three pulmonary-renal syndromes
* List five of the most common causes of adult respiratory distress syndrome
* Name four predisposing causes of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
* Suggest a specific diagnosis of ALD when supportive findings are present in the history or on the chest radiograph (e.g. broken femur and ALD in fat embolization syndrome, ALD and renal failure in a pulmonary-renal syndrome, ALD treated with bronchoalveolar lavage in alveolar proteinosis)
* Recognize a pattern of peripheral alveolar lung disease on radiography or chest CT and give an appropriate differential diagnosis, including a single most likely diagnosis when supported by associated radiologic findings or clinical information (e.g. peripheral lung disease associated with paratracheal and bilateral hilar adenopathy in an asymptomatic patient with "alveolari" sarcoidosis, peripheral lung disease associated with a markedly elevated blood eosinophil count in a patient with eosinophilic pneumonia, peripheral opacities associated with multiple rib fractures and pneumothorax in a patient with acute chest trauma and pulmonary contusions)
# Chinese History/Contributions

This chapter discusses Chinese contributions to society.

## Four Great Inventions

Historians have commonly identified four Chinese inventions which greatly altered world history. The Four Great Inventions are printing, paper making, gunpowder and the compass.

## Other Contributions

Ancient Chinese made great advances in metallurgy, For example, 2300 years ago no one in Europe or the Middle East could melt one ounce of iron, meanwhile, the Chinese were casting multi-ton iron objects. It was not until the 1200s that the British were able to replicate this feat.
As an astronomically advanced civilization the Ancient Chinese first recorded observations of comets, solar eclipses, and supernovae.
More inventions of the Ancient Chinese include:
* The Compass (invented in China used to apply Feng Shui to buildings)
* Paper (the first paper made by pounding linen)
* Gunpowder (made by shamans trying to find a stone of immortality).
* Drilling for natural gas.
* Row crop farming
* Silk
* Porcelain
* Rudders
* Wheelbarrows
* Umbrellas
They traded along the silk road as well as traded with Europe, India, Persia, and within itself. This lead to Chinese inventions and ideas spreading beyond China.
# Chinese Medicinal Formulas/Huqian Wan
## Introduction

This formula was first published in Danxi Xinfa (Danxi's Experiential Therapy). Its Chinese name (虎潜丸, pinyin: hǔ qián wán) literally means "Tiger Dive Pill". The herbs in this formula were typically ground into powder and made into boluses with honey for oral application.

## Ingredients

The ingredients of Xiao Chaihu Tang are:
* Huangbai - 150g
* Zhiguiban - 120g
* Chaozhimu - 60g
* Shudihuang - 60g
* Chenpi - 60g
This formula was used for tuberculosis of the knee joint, myodystrophy, perpheral palsy, poliomyelitis sequel, and flaccidity of the lower limbs.