OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Demystifying Depression/Speculation on the Physiology of Depression

Next page: The Recovery Process, Previous page: The Buildup to a Depression, Top: Demystifying Depression

### Speculation on the Physiology of Depression

Some interesting speculations about depression:
* Neuron death in the hippocampus has been implicated in depression
* Neurogenesis (the birth of new neurons) may be necessary for recovery
* Neurogenesis happens continuously in the healthy adult brain
* Most antidepressants require about 2-3 weeks to have an effect
* Stress may diminish neurogenesis
* People under stress may sleep less than usual
* In some cases those recovering from depression sleep more than normal all though the opposite is true in some cases
* Aging mimics several aspects of depression
* As people age, they sleep less, spend less time in deep sleep, and wake up more often
* Neuron death and birth happens continuously in the adult brain
At least certain parts of the brain continuously renew themselves. Sleep seems to be fundamental for this renewal process---perhaps neurogenesis happens during sleep.
* Stress affects sleep, and by consequence, neurogenesis
There is plenty of speculation concerning the exact mechanism by which stress causes neuron death. Our own conjecture is based on the fact that when under stress, people sleep less than normal. Therefore, rather than directly killing neurons, stress might simply cause the brain to fall behind on its normal regenerative process.
* Increase in activity fundamental during recovery
Some studies show how stimulating environments help with neurogenesis . The reason might be similar to recovery from an injured limb: one has to gradually push the brain into continuing its recovery.
Next page: The Recovery Process, Previous page: The Buildup to a Depression, Top: Demystifying Depression
# Demystifying Depression/List of Figures

Next page: none, Previous page: References, Top: Demystifying Depression
Next page: none, Previous page: References, Top: Demystifying Depression
# Development Cooperation Handbook/How do we manage the human resources of programmes and projects?/Programme Guidelines

Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/How to reach an agreement on the Employee Performance Objectives
 Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/How to manage motivated and effective teams Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/How to recognize if Team Building is successful
Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/How to check the level of togetherness in a team
Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Motivate the project team Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Seven Steps To Building A Team in the meeting Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Why do organisations need to plan and manage their communication? Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/How team members can improve overall project communication Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Measures to make teams more performing
Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Required characteristics of the project manager Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/The 10 Project Management Guiding Principles See the Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/5 steps of team creation
Guideline: Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Effective communication skills for the appraisal interview
Guideline: Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Measures to make teams more performing Development Cooperation Handbook/Guidelines/Checklist for Identifying Performance Problems
Decision Making in Groups
# Development Cooperation Handbook/How do we manage the human resources of programmes and projects?/Performance objectives

The most common form of employee performance appraisal is management by objectives, in which employees and their managers set goals together for the upcoming period and then measure the degree to which the employee achieved the goals.
This method provides unambiguous criteria that are not susceptible to biases. However, if improperly managed it also can lead to a mentality of “results at any cost” or not reflect on-the-job problem solving. Guidelines How to reach an agreement on the Employee Performance Objectives How to forecast Employee Activities in accordance to the Employee Performance Objectives.
A management by objectives is centred to what is being produced and delivered, rather than on what tasks have been performed. Therefore it leaves a margin of responsibility to the employer to plan how to produce the expected outputs and achieve the project objectives. However the "how" to achieve should be consistent with the organizational culture and with the basic requirement of fostering a healthy communication climate.
Agreed performance objectives will form the basis for planning the employee activities and for reviewing the employee performance.
See also Varieties of performance review: Immediate-supervisor, Self-review, Peer review Subordinate review , Appraisal by beneficiaries, 360º performance appraisals.
See examples of employee performance objectives for different categories of employees:
Templates: Project Execution, Control and Closure Checklist Programme Execution, Control and Closure Checklist
# Development Cooperation Handbook/How do we manage the human resources of programmes and projects?/Reward Superior Performance

In general, organizations signal what activities they want to encourage by rewarding employees monetarily who demonstrate those activities. Monetary rewards can come in the form of increased base pay or bonuses. Individual bonuses are similar to merit pay, but they are a one-time payment that don’t increase an employee’s base pay permanently. Awards are one-time rewards, but they often are given in the form of a prize such as a sales representative receiving a vacation to Hawaii for meeting a sales goal.   Organizations also should recognize that different people value different rewards. Some workers may prefer non-monetary options.   Paid time off has become especially valuable to employees whose spouses also work. Married or single, employees can use paid time off to tend to personal affairs. Time off also allows employees to rejuvenate, returning to work refreshed and more productive.   Recognition not only acknowledges good performance, but it also confers status to employees. Some workers prefer the “social capital” of special attention for their good work more than money. Recognition programs also tend to be inexpensive for organizations to implement.   Organizations also can reward good performance by investing in employee development. The organizations pay for the employee to develop knowledge and skills that not only help him or her perform the current job but also prepares him or her for future positions. organizations that rely on innovation particularly benefit from using employee development as a reward for good performance.

## Tools
###### Templates

Applicant employee evaluation form Staff Activity Forecast and Report Interpersonal skill assessment Employee Performance Review – Peer Review
Performance appraisal forms

###### Guidelines

Key Questions for Establishing the Team Organization
How to reach an agreement on the Employee Performance Objectives
How to manage motivated and effective teams
How to recognize if Team Building is successful
How to check the level of togetherness in a team
Measures to make teams more performing
The 5 steps of team creation
Checklist for Identifying Performance Problems
Why do organisations need to plan and manage their communication?
How team members can improve overall project communication
Measures to make teams more performing
Required characteristics of the project manager
The 10 Project Management Guiding Principles

## See also

In other sections of this handbook
The employee empowering organization Manage the Performance of Project Team Members
Team Conflict Management
Decision Making in Groups
Leading and Managing
Team Conflict Management
Decision Making in Groups
Project Managers and programme Managers
Determining the project manager
# Development Cooperation Handbook/How do we manage the human resources of programmes and projects?/Programme Guidelines/How to reach an agreement on the Employee Performance Objectives

/How to reach an agreement on the Employee Performance Objectives /How to manage motivated and effective teams /How to recognize if Team Building is successful
/How to check the level of togetherness in a team
/Motivate the project team /Seven Steps To Building A Team in the meeting /Why do organisations need to plan and manage their communication? /How team members can improve overall project communication /Measures to make teams more performing
/Required characteristics of the project manager /The 10 Project Management Guiding Principles See the /5 steps of team creation
Guideline: /Effective communication skills for the appraisal interview
Guideline: /Measures to make teams more performing /Checklist for Identifying Performance Problems
Decision Making in Groups
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Import from Microsoft Word
## 4. Import from Microsoft Word

Added: --Loek van Kooten 15:54, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
Version: 7.0.284
System: Windows XP SP2
Description: After importing Japanese Word documents, the text in DVX is infested with rogue codes. Japanese often features both Chinese ideograms (kanji) and the Roman alphabet/Arabic numerals. Since standard Roman alphabet/Arabic numerals in Japanese fonts are quite ugly, most Japanese texts in Word use two different fonts (one for kanji and one for the Roman alphabet/Arabic numerals), which are constantly alternated. Each alternation results in a rogue code.
The problem is that if the target text is a western language, these rogue codes make no sense at all, as the target text will not feature kanji and is therefore written in one font (the font used for the Roman alphabet/Arabic numerals). I.e. these rogue codes are completely superfluous in the target text, slow down the translation process and pollute your databases.
When translating from Japanese to a western language, DVX should therefore ignore all font changes and opt for a standard font instead (like Arial, or maybe even user-defined). Automatic recognition of the fonts used in the Japanese source text seems very complicated, as "font sets" (consisting of a Japanese and a Roman font) might be used and "paired" inconsistently.
It seems many rogue codes are actually not caused by alternating fonts, but by alternating code sets, as even Word documents that have been forced to use one font give inconsistent rogue codes in DVX:
{\loch\af25\hich\af25\dbch\af25 \loch\af25\hich\af25\dbch\f25 平成}{\loch\af25\hich\af25\dbch\af25 \hich\af25\dbch\af25\loch\f25 18年12月19日}
instead of merely 平成18年12月19日
The rogue codes are inconsistent: if a code appears behind 平成 (Japanese changes from kanji to Arabic numerals), you'd expect a similar code behind 年, 月 or 日, but this is not the case. Reproduction:
Workaround:
Status:
Not read by Atril yet.
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/MDB Interface

* The ability to set a minimum number of words for a sentence to be sent to the MDB (as in DV3). (This would eliminate the need for laborious SQL maintenance) (Marinus Strang - edited by Rob Laumen)
* Option to use only entries from settable client and subject (levels) for assembly, pretranslation and autosearch actions. (Gudmund Areskoug)
* Support for similar kind of hierarchichal match preference behavior for client subdivisions as for subjects. (Gudmund Areskoug)
* Compound subjects, like in newer Dewey systems. (Gudmund Areskoug)
* Ability to go via language top domains, e. g. "en" for all varieties of English when working with databases (Gudmund Areskoug)
* Editable grid view for selected language pairs in the databases, same as when working with translations. (Gudmund Areskoug)
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Multiple Assemble Matches do not show all options

Added: --Loek van Kooten 13:10, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
Reported by: Jorge Gorín
Version: 7.0.284
System: Unknown
Description: I find that whenever a word (appearing in whatever place in the sentence) starts with a capital letter or is fully capitalized, as is common in technical manuals, the blue/underlined translations shown by DVX at assembly time tend to show no more than one or two options, instead of all the translations for the word that are present in the TDB/Lexicon/MDB. This was not so in the past, and started apparently with build 284.
There is no definite pattern for this bug, as in some occasions (but very few) the whole list is shown, and also on some occasions just a couple of translations are shown even when the word neither doesn't start with a capital letter nor is fully capitalized. But in general, I found that this problem tends to appear when a translation for the source word exists also in the MDB, for example in a one-word TU present in the MDB. In that cases, DVX normally stops displaying the rest of the blue/underlined translations as soon as it finds the translated word in the MDB.
On the other hand, all the available translations remain available in the AutoSearch Portions windows, and can be picked from there as usual. (The problem is that I am used to pick from the blue/underlined words in the cell itself.)
I hope that I have been clear, and I also hope that this very annoying bug (at least for me, since it tends to void my efforts in sending terms to the TDB and Lexicon) is finally fixed in the new version to appear soon.
Reproduction:
Workaround:
Status:
Not read by Atril yet.
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Order of target terms not maintained when working with several TDB's

Added: Hans List
Version: Example: 7.0.284
System: Example: Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP SP2
Description: When using different terminology databases, the sorting order of the target terms is not maintained. Target terms in database 3 will be shown before target terms in database 2. This also applies to AutoAssemble: Instead of target terms in database 1 those in databases 2 and 3 are assembled.
Reproduction: Can the issue be reproduced? Yes. Can it be reproduced on different systems? Yes.
Workaround: Is there a way to work around the issue? No.
Status:
Not read by Atril yet.
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Numbers messed up during Assemble operation

Added: Rob Laumen (09 Feb 2007)
Version: 7.0.284
System: Windows XP SP2
Description: DVX messes up numbers during Assemble operation.
Example 1:
The Sun Fire X2100 M2 server is the quintessential cost-effective two-way x64 server for customers seeking a high performance and energy efficient solution.
De Sun Fire X2100 M2-server is de echt betaalbare tweewegs x64-server voor klanten die op zoek zijn naar een hoogwaardige en energiezuinige oplossing
The Sun Fire X2100 server is the quintessential cost-effective two-way x64 server for customers seeking a high performance and energy efficient solution. (Please note that the only difference with the original segment is the deletion of M2)
De Sun Fire X2100 M64-server is de echt betaalbare tweewegs x64-server voor klanten die op zoek zijn naar een hoogwaardige en energiezuinige oplossing. (So instead of deleting M2 in the assembled translation DVX replaces it with M64) Reproduction:
Workaround:
Status:
Not read by Atril yet.
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Order of target terms lost after conversion of TDB from DV3

Added: Hans List
Version: Example: 7.0.284
System: Example: Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP SP2
Description: When converting a dv3 terminology database to dvx, the sorting order of the target terms is changed.
Reproduction: Can the issue be reproduced? Yes. Can it be reproduced on different systems? Yes.
Workaround: Is there a way to work around the issue? No.
Status:
Not read by Atril yet.
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Import Filters

* Add filter for Transit XV files (Interleaf/Quicksilver format first, please). (Hans List)
* Strip away trailing spaces. (Dave Turner)
* Strip away all automatic paragraph numbering and bulleting. (Dave Turner)
* Strip away any smart tags, language recognition tags or anything else generating trash codes. (Dave Turner)
* No codes at the start and end of segments. (Dave Turner)
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Portions Found window
## 2. Portions Found window

Added: --Loek van Kooten 18:19, 5 February 2007 (UTC)<
Version: 7.0.284
System: Windows XP SP2
Description: Japanese source words do not appear in Portions Found window if they are preceded or followed by punctuation marks (、。).
Reproduction:
Workaround:
Status:
Not read by Atril yet.
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Portions found window emptied on spell check

Added: --Jenny Zonneveld 09:19, 14 February 2007 (UTC)
Version: 7.0.284
System: Windows XP Home SP2
Description: When F7 is pressed to initiate the spelling check, the Portions Found window is errased.
Reproduction: Can the issue be reproduced? Yes. Can it be reproduced on different systems? Yes.
Workaround: Right click in the Portions Found window and select Refresh.
Status:
Not read by Atril yet.
Comments from other users:
# Castles of England/Greater Manchester

There are two castles of note in Greater Manchester.
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Ownership / Access | Notes (Key) |
| Buckton Castle | Ringwork | 110112th century | Earthworks | HAL | Situated on Buckton Moor, 335m above sea level, hilltop. |
| Radcliffe Tower | Tower house | 14031403 | Fragment | HC Local authority | |

## Buckton Castle

Buckton Castle is a medieval enclosure castle near Carrbrook, Stalybridge. The castle is oval, with a 3m wide stone curtain wall surrounded by a 10m wide, 6m deep ditch. It is uncertain who built the castle, but it may have been constructed for the early of Chester in the 12th century; it was lying derelict by 1360 when it was first mentioned in historical sources. The small number of finds retrieved during archaeological investigation of the site indicates that Buckton Castle may not have been completed.
The castle stands 335m above sea level on Buckton Hill, a steep sandstone ridge. The castle's positioning may have been to allow its garrison to guard the Tame Valley; both castle and valley were in the medieval manor of Tintwistle.
The entrance to the ringwork is to the northwest of the site. On the south-facing side of the site are the remains of a stone curtain wall. The north-west entrance was protected by a stone gatehouse; the wall thickness suggests the tower was probably two storeys high.
The interior of the castle is artificially raised 1.5m above ground level. According to a 1360 survey of property in Longdendale, Buckton Castle may have had a hall and a chapel. In the 18th century, antiquarian Thomas Percival recorded a well within the castle, and walls of buildings inside the castle still standing to a height of 2m. However, these features were no longer obvious when Ormerod wrote about the castle in 1817, and have not been discovered by archaeological excavations.
The castle is now overgrown with heather and peat, and there are no above-ground ruins.

## Radcliffe Tower

Radcliffe Tower is the only surviving part of a manor house in Radcliffe, Greater Manchester. The house was rebuilt in 1403 by James de Radcliffe, who was lord of the manor of Radcliffe, and consisted of a stone-built hall and one or two towers, probably built with ashlar blocks. De Radcliffe was given a royal licence to fortify the site including adding crenellations and battlements.
The manor house was demolished in the 19th century leaving only the tower. The tower measures 10.5 yards by 19 yards and survives to about 20 feet in height.
# Castles of England/Herefordshire

| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Ownership / Access | Notes (Key) |
| Brampton Bryan Castle | Castle | 120113–14th century | Ruins | Private | Gatehouse survives. |
| Clifford Castle | Motte and bailey | 100111–13th century | Fragments | Private | Building At Risk. |
| Colwall Castle | Motte and bailey | 100111th century | Earthworks | HAL | Situated within Iron Age hill fort on the summit of Herefordshire Beacon at a height of 1100 ft, possibly pre-Conquest. |
| Croft Castle | Quadrangular castle | 130114th century | Rebuilt | ENT | Converted to 16/17th century house. |
| Downton Castle | Neo-romantic castle | 1774c.1774–8 | Intact | Private | Altered and extended 1860–70. |
| Eastnor Castle | Neo-romantic castle | 18111811–20 | Intact | HH | By Robert Smirke. |
| Ewyas Harold Castle | Motte and bailey | 100111th century | Earthworks | HAL | Probably pre-Conquest, built c.1048, recorded in Domesday Book as rebuilt by William FitzOsbern. |
| Goodrich Castle | Concentric castle | 110112–13th century | Ruins | EH | Partly demolished during Civil War. |
| Hampton Court | Fortified manor house | 14271427 | Intact | HH | Remodelled in 1830–40s. |
| Kentchurch Court | Fortified manor house | 130114th century | Fragment | HH | Part of tower and a gateway survive of medieval structure, remainder largely rebuilt by Nash between 1795 and 1807. |
| Kinnersley Castle | Castle | 1301Medieval | Rebuilt | HH | 150116–17th century house on site of medieval castle, of which no visible traces remain. |
| Longtown Castle | Keep and bailey | 110112–13th century | Fragmentary ruins | EH | Circular keep. |
| Pembridge Castle | Keep and bailey | 110112–13th century | Partly habitable | Private | Reconstructed 20th century. |
| Snodhill Castle | Keep and bailey | 100111–14th century | Fragmentary ruins | HAL | |
| Stapleton Castle | Motte and bailey | 110112th century | Earthworks | HAL | Ruins of 17th century house on site of medieval castle. |
| Treago Castle | Fortified manor house | 140115–16th century | Restored | Private | Altered 17–19th centuries. |
| Wigmore Castle | Keep and bailey | 100111–14th century | Fragmentary ruins | EH | Partly dismantled 1643. |
| Wilton Castle | Castle | 120113th century | Fragmentary ruins | HC | Remains incorporated in 19th century house. |
# Castles of England/Hertfordshire

There are three castles of note in Hertfordshire.
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Ownership / Access | Notes (Key) |
| Berkhamsted Castle | Motte and bailey | 100111–13th century | Fragmentary remains | EH | Unoccupied since 1495. |
| Bishop's Stortford Castle | Motte and bailey | 100111–12th century | Earthworks | HAL | Also known as Waytemore Castle. |
| Hertford Castle | Motte and bailey | 100111–12th century | Fragments | Local authority | 140115th century gatehouse survives, altered and extended 18–20th centuries, remainder largely demolished early 17th century. |