OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Advanced Interactive Media/Newtek's 3-D & Animation with Lightwave

One of the industry leading software for motion graphics is Lightwave. Maya monopolized character animation (for film, cartoon, etc.), but most professionals agree that Lightwave is a superior tools for motion graphics like the kind you see on sports shows and openers for TV programming.
3-D software can be overwhelming on first encounter because the professional tools are more complex than video/audio editing software and other multimedia software products. The learning curve is well-worth it when you realize how 3-D expertise can set apart your work in a very competitive job market.
Wikipedia tells us, "LightWave gained fame as the program used to create special effects for the Babylon 5, Star Trek Voyager and seaQuest DSV science fiction television series; the program was also utilized in the production of Titanic as well as the recent Battlestar Galactica TV-series, Sin City and Star Wars movies." Most recently though, Lightwave was used for the special effects and environmental effects in the film, "300." Quote reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightwave External link: http://www.newtek.com/lightwave/profiles/300/index.php
Lightwave is not only used for motion graphics however. It, like Maya, is used to create still images of 3d renders for use in graphic designs. Graphic artists have been known to utilize the imported image data from Lightwave as focus points for artwork or for complimentary geometry within a design.
The actual Lightwave program consists of two separate programs that were designed for specific tasks.
| Modeler | Modeler is the application within the Lightwave package that allows the user to create or manipulate 3D models within a limitless workspace. |
| Layout | Layout is the application within the Lightwave package that allows lighting and animation to be added to models that were created within Modeler. |
# Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Modeling/Classical Solid Mechanics/Continuum Mechanics

See Continuum Mechanics.
# Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Modeling

* Introduction
* Classical Methods
* FEM Fundamentals
* Linear Static Analysis
* Linear Static Bifurcation Analysis
* Geometrically Nonlinear Elastic Static Analysis
* Materially Nonlinear Static Analysis
* Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Static Analysis
* Geometrically Nonlinear Elastic Static Analysis with Imperfections Included
* Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Static Analysis with imperfections Included
* General Dynamic Analysis
* Thermal Analysis

# Introduction

This section illustrates how to investigate Failure Modes in a general context.
It is assumed here, that the reader have access to CAE Linux and other open source tools available to Linux users.
# Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Modeling/Classical Solid Mechanics

* Introduction
* Elementary Analysis
* Continuum Mechanics
# Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Materials/Typical Engineering Materials

* Metals
* Non-metals
# Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Materials/Typical Engineering Materials/Metals

* Introduction
* Ferrous Metals
* Non-ferrous Metals
# Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Modeling/Linear Static Analysis

* Introduction
* Static Strength
* Fatigue
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Fundamentals of Programming/Data types

Data in computer is all stored as bit patterns, i.e. in binary. In programming, we need to specify the data type so the computer treats each bit pattern correctly. For example not allowing a user to put a name in a date of birth, or the colour of someone's scarf into someone's age. They also serves the useful purpose, if used correctly, of producing the smallest program files possible. If you use them incorrectly, you might have issues with your code! There are two types of data type that you need to know
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Fundamentals of Programming/Debugging

Over the next few chapters you will, no doubt, find several issues with code that you are trying to run. In some cases it won't do exactly what you want it to, in other cases it may break half way through and in many cases when you first start programming it will completely refuse to run! To fix code that doesn't work in the way you want it to is called 'debugging'. If you are used to getting everything right all the time and never making mistakes, you might want to pick another subject. If you get really angry when things don't work as you expect them to, CALM DOWN, or get a bullet proof monitor. Programming is about making lots of mistakes and learning from them, there is nothing to be ashamed of things not working first time.

## It just won't run!

When you first start programming the most common problem you'll meet is with code not running at all
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Fundamentals of Data Representation/Streaming audio

Gone are the days when you had to buy music on a wax cylinder, LP, tape, CD or MiniDisc. Nowadays if you want to get some music you can download it using a program such as iTunes or stream it using a website such as MySpace, YouTube, BBC iPlayer or Spotify.
The big difference between downloading audio and streaming it is that when you download something you generally have to acquire the whole file before you can play it, with streaming audio you play the file whilst you are downloading it. There are two types of streaming technology that you need to know, multi-cast and uni-cast.
* Exercise: Streaming audio
* Why might you want to stream audio instead of downloading it?
* Answer:
* Streaming audio allows you to play sound as soon as you have buffered a few seconds, downloading might require you to download the entire file before you can play any of it
* Name a benefit and a drawback of using multicast streaming:
* Answer:
* a sever only has to distribute one version of a file to serve many people, saving processing power and bandwidth. on the other hand if someone wants to join a stream after it has started they might miss the beginning
* Name a benefit and a drawback of using unicast streaming:
* Answer:
* Unicast streaming allows users to access an individual version of a file accessible as and when they want it. On the other hand it places a lot of stress on the server as 10 people watching a video will require ten times the bandwidth to deliver than through multicast
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Fundamentals of Programming

* Fundamentals of programming
* Features of Imperative High Level Languages
* Illustrate these features for a particular imperative, third-generation language such as Pascal.
* A program
* Variables
* Comments
* Input and output
* Data Types
* Use the following appropriately.
* Built-in
* Integer, byte, real, boolean, character, string, date/time.
* User-defined
* Enumerated, subrange, sets, records, arrays
* Data types
** Built-in data types
* Constant Definitions
* Built-in functions
** User-defined data types
* Programming statements
* Type Definitions
* Variable Declarations
* Constant Definitions
* Explain the advantages of named variables and constants.
* Assignment
* Iteration
* Selection
* Procedure/Function Declarations
* Procedure and Function calling - Explain the advantages of procedure/functions.
* Procedure and Function Parameters
* Describe the use of parameters to pass data within programs.
* Understand the different mechanisms for parameter passing: by value and by reference
* Arithmetic operators including modulo arithmetic +, –, /, x, DIV, MOD
* Relational operators =, <, >, <>, <=, >=
* Boolean operators NOT, AND, OR
* Logical bitwise operators NOT, AND, OR, XOR
* Set operators Union, difference, intersection, membership
* Built-in functions
* Arithmetic functions: round, truncation.
* String handling functions: length, position, substring, concatenation.
* String conversion functions to/from integer, real, date/time.
* Selection
* Iteration
* Functions and Procedures
* Operators
** Arithmetic operators
** Modulo arithmetic
** Relational operators
** Boolean operators
** Logical bitwise operators
** Set operators
* The Role of Variables
* Recognise the different roles a variable can take:
* fixed value, stepper, most recent holder, most wanted holder, gatherer, transformation, follower, temporary.
* Global and Local Variables
* The Role of Variables
* Fundamentals of Structured Programming
* Understand the structured approach to program design and construction.
* Construct and use structure tables, structure charts and hierarchy charts when designing programs.
* Use meaningful identifier names.
* Use procedures/functions with interfaces.
* Use procedures that execute a single task.
* Explain the advantages of the structured approach.
* Data Structures
* Arrays
* One- and Two-Dimensional Arrays - Use arrays in the design of solutions to simple problems.
* Fields, Records and Files
* Read/write from/to a text file (including csv file)
* Read/write records from/to a file of records
* Validation
* Understand the importance of validation of input data.
* Program simple validation
* Validation
* Debugging

## Variables

questions
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Fundamentals of Data Representation/Sounds

Sound is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas (there is no sound in outer space as space is a vacuum and there is no solid, liquid or gas to transmit sound through!). A speaker works by moving its centre cone in and out, this causes the air particles to bunch together forming waves. These waves spread out from the speaker travelling at 340 m / s. If your ear is in the way, then the waves of sound particles will collide with your ear drum, vibrating it and sending a message to your brain. This is how you hear:
When you hear different volumes and pitches of sound all that is happening is that each sound wave varies in energy for the volume (larger energy waves, the louder the sound), or distance between sound waves which adjusts the pitch, (smaller distances between waves leads to higher pitched sound).
Sound is often recorded for two channels, stereo, feeding a left and right speaker whose outputs may differ massively. Where one channel is used, this is called mono. 5.1 surround sound used in cinemas and home media set ups use 6 channels.
This section of the book will cover how we record, store and transmit sound using computers. Sound waves in nature are continuous, this means they have an almost infinite amount of detail that you could store for even the shortest sound. This makes them very difficult to record perfectly, as computers can only store discrete data, data that has a limited number of data points.
| Sound is a continuous set of data points formed by a wave. Computers sample this sound at discrete points to store a digital approximation | The discrete approximations (in red) can be used to recreate the original sound (grey). However, due to limitations in the number of samples we take we are often unable to truly represent a sound wave, though we can get close enough for the human ear not to notice the difference. |
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Data Representation and Practical Exercise/Fundamentals of Data Representation/Unicode

The problem with ASCII is that it only allows you to represent a small number of characters (~128 or 256 for Extended ASCII). This might be OK if you are living in an English speaking country, but what happens if you live in a country that uses a different character set? For example:
* Chinese characters 汉字
* Japanese characters 漢字
* Cyrillic Кири́ллица
* Gujarati ગુજરાતી
* Urdu اردو
You can see that we quickly run into trouble as ASCII can't possibly store these hundreds of thousands of extra characters in just 7 bits. What we use instead is unicode.
Each Unicode character can be encoded on a computer using three different standards, that differ on the minimum number of bits used:
| Name | Descriptions |
| UTF-8 | 8-bit is the most common unicode format. Characters can take as little as 8-bits, maximizing compatibility with ASCII. But it also allows for variable-width encoding expanding to 16, 24, 32, 40 or 48 bits when dealing with larger sets of characters |
| UTF-16 | 16-bit, variable-width encoding, can expand to 32 bits. |
| UTF-32 | 32-bit, fixed-width encoding. Each character takes exactly 32-bits |
With over a million possible characters we should be able to store every character from every language on the planet, take a look at these examples:
| code point | glyph* | character | UTF-16 code units (hex) |
| U+007A | z | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z | 007A |
| U+6C34 | 水 | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34 (water) | 6C34 |
| U+10000 | | LINEAR B SYLLABLE B008 A | D800, DC00 |
| U+1D11E | | MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF | D834, DD1E |
You can find out more about unicode encoding on Wikipedia
* Exercise: ASCII and Unicode
* Without using the crib table (you won't get it in the exam!) answer the following questions:
* The ASCII code for the letter 'D' is 100 0100, what is the letter 'G' stored as
* Answer:
* 100 0111 - as it is 3 characters further on in the alphabet
* The ASCII code for the letter 's' is 111 0011, what is the letter 'm' stored as:
* Answer:
* 110 1101 - as it is 6 characters down in the alphabet
* Give a benefit of using ASCII:
* Answer:
* Each character only takes up 8 bits, meaning that storing data in ASCII may take up less memory than unicode
* Give a benefit of using unicode over ASCII:
* Answer:
* ASCII stores a much smaller character set than unicode, meaning that you are limited to the Latin character set and cannot represent characters from other languages.
* How many different characters can 7-bit ASCII represent?
* Answer:
* 2^7 = 128
* You are designing a computer system for use worldwide, what character encoding scheme should you use and why?
* Answer:
* unicode as it would allow you to display non Latin character sets such as Hindi and Cyrillic
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers.Synchronized Queue Interfaces

This language feature has been introduced in Ada 2012.
Ada.Containers.Synchronized_Queue_Interfaces is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2012.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Containers.Synchronized_Queue_Interfaces in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Containers.Synchronized_Queue_Interfaces in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2012

* A.18.27: The Generic Package Containers.Synchronized_Queue_Interfaces

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-csquin.ads
drake
* Specification: tasking/a-csquin.ads
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers.Unbounded Priority Queues

This language feature has been introduced in Ada 2012.
Ada.Containers.Unbounded_Priority_Queues is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2012.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Containers.Unbounded_Priority_Queues in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Containers.Unbounded_Priority_Queues in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2012

* A.18.30: The Generic Package Containers.Unbounded_Priority_Queues

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-cuprqu.ads
* Body: a-cuprqu.adb
drake
* Specification: tasking/a-cuprqu.ads
* Body: tasking/a-cuprqu.adb
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers.Ordered Maps

This language feature is only available from Ada 2005 on.
Ada.Containers.Ordered_Maps is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2005.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Containers.Ordered_Maps in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Containers.Ordered_Maps in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2005

* A.18.6: The Package Containers.Ordered_Maps

#### Ada 2012

* A.18.6: The Generic Package Containers.Ordered_Maps

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-coorma.ads
* Body: a-coorma.adb
drake
* Specification: containers/a-coorma.ads
* Body: containers/a-coorma.adb
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Decimal

This language feature is available from Ada 95 on.
Ada.Decimal is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 95.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Decimal in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Decimal in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 95

* F.2: The Package Decimal

#### Ada 2005

* F.2: The Package Decimal

#### Ada 2012

* F.2: The Package Decimal

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-decima.ads
* Body: a-decima.adb
drake
* Specification: a-decima.ads
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers.Ordered Sets

This language feature is only available from Ada 2005 on.
Ada.Containers.Ordered_Sets is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2005.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Containers.Ordered_Sets in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Containers.Ordered_Sets in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2005

* A.18.9: The Package Containers.Ordered_Sets

#### Ada 2012

* A.18.9: The Generic Package Containers.Ordered_Sets

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-coorse.ads
* Body: a-coorse.adb
drake
* Specification: containers/a-coorse.ads
* Body: containers/a-coorse.adb
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers.Unbounded Synchronized Queues

This language feature has been introduced in Ada 2012.
Ada.Containers.Unbounded_Synchronized_Queues is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2012.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Containers.Unbounded_Synchronized_Queues in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Containers.Unbounded_Synchronized_Queues in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2012

* A.18.28: The Generic Package Containers.Unbounded_Synchronized_Queues

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-cusyqu.ads
* Body: a-cusyqu.adb
drake
* Specification: tasking/a-cusyqu.ads
* Body: tasking/a-cusyqu.adb
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers.Indefinite Vectors

This language feature is only available from Ada 2005 on.
Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Vectors is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2005.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Vectors in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Containers.Indefinite_Vectors in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2005

* A.18.10: The Package Containers.Indefinite_Vectors

#### Ada 2012

* A.18.11: The Generic Package Containers.Indefinite_Vectors

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-coinve.ads
* Body: a-coinve.adb
drake
* Specification: containers/a-coinve.ads
* Body: containers/a-coinve.adb
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers.Multiway Trees

This language feature has been introduced in Ada 2012.
Ada.Containers.Multiway_Trees is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 2012.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Containers

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Containers.Multiway_Trees in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Containers.Multiway_Trees in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 2012

* A.18.10: The Generic Package Containers.Multiway_Trees

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-comutr.ads
* Body: a-comutr.adb
# Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada.Direct IO

This language feature is available from Ada 95 on.
Ada.Direct_IO is a unit of the Predefined Language Environment since Ada 95.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
* Ada Programming/Input Output

### External examples

* Search for examples of Ada.Direct_IO in: Rosetta Code, GitHub (gists), any Alire crate or this Wikibook.
* Search for posts related to Ada.Direct_IO in: Stack Overflow, comp.lang.ada or any Ada related page.

### Ada Reference Manual
#### Ada 95

* A.8.4: The Generic Package Direct_IO

#### Ada 2005

* A.8.4: The Generic Package Direct_IO

#### Ada 2012

* A.8.4: The Generic Package Direct_IO

### Open-Source Implementations

FSF GNAT
* Specification: a-direio.ads
* Body: a-direio.adb
drake
* Specification: streams/a-direio.ads
* Body: streams/a-direio.adb
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Belgian

Belgian :
* Description: The Belgian has a small head, thick and muscular neck, powerful shoulders and quarters, short legs with small amount of feathering. Chestnut or red roan in color, they can stand up to 17 hh (1.7 m).
* On average the Belgian will grow to be slightly over 1 ton or 2,000 pounds. Colors normally are a type of light chestnut with a flaxen mane. They are considered a draft horse. Historically their main use was as a farm horse. They are still used as working animals, but have also become popular as show horses, gaming horses, and even as trail riding horses.
* They are able to pull tremendous amounts of weight. At the National Western Stock Show in Denver, Colorado, a team of two horses in the Heavyweight class pulled 17,000 pounds a distance of 7 ft 2 in (7,700 kg a distance of 2.18 m). The team of Belgians weighed 4,800 pounds (2,200 kg).
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Backpack trip

Read over the answers in the Backpacking and Hiking honor before setting out. Both have a lot of information that is helpful for a trip like this, and a 15-mile trip will meet the "big" requirement in both.
"Carrying all needed supplies" means that you do not hike from point A to point B while someone else drives an SUV there laden with all your gear.