# LPI Linux Certification

This book covers the Linux Professional Institute™ family of certifications. There are three levels of LPI™ certification:
* Level 1: Junior Level Linux Professional.
* Level 2: Advanced Level Linux Professional.
* Level 3: Senior Level Linux Professional.
To obtain a certification, a candidate is required to pass exams and, for Level 2 and Level 3, to hold a lower-level certification from the LPI™. All LPIC candidates are encouraged to browse the documentation at the LPI™ website. The resources there will familiarize the candidate with many things that are outside the scope of this book (e.g. exam cost, testing centers, other training resources) you are also encouraged to register with the LPI™ so that you can access the candidate area. The Detailed Objectives listed within each of the modules in this book have been reproduced from the LPI™ website with kind Permission. We are however, to make it clear that the Linux Professional Institute™ does not endorse the work contained within this book in any way whatsoever.

## Audience

This book is written specifically for the LPIC candidate. It is based, as indeed is the exam, around a community driven documentation project known as "The Linux Documentation Project". Each module in the book, however, is organized around a particular subject. It is hence feasible for the casual reader to pick one particular module and study its material with a view to gain a better understanding of just that material. However, many of the modules - and in particular the Advanced modules - will assume a certain skill level. It is also feasible for a new Linux user to come here with a view to learn Linux. However, although such readers are very welcome, they may be better served by studying the following material, Linux Guide. The modules on the LPI Linux certification are heavily slanted toward up-and-coming sysadmins.

## About this book

This book is organized so that each and every module can be accessed via the front page. This will be useful for readers who just wish to study or quickly gain information about one aspect of the exam syllabus. For exam candidates we have created an exam page which also has a table of contents that covers only the modules required for you to study for the various levels of the LPI™ . It is the hope of the contributors that the exam candidates will use the exam pages and their accompanying discussion pages to leave advice, tips and gotchas etc. for other exam candidates.
The Module pages will contain detailed objectives followed by an overview which in turn will be followed by section headings covering the module's syllabus. At the beginning of each section will be a list of prerequisite reading (hopefully all nicely formatted). It is advisable to read them, although the linked articles may not be required knowledge to pass the exam. However, they should relate to the individual sections they are contained within.

## Version

To keep Your Linux knowledge up to date and the LPI Certification relevant, the LPI regularly updates its syllabus. As of 2021-02-19, the latest Version of LPIC-1 is Version 5.0 with Exams 101-500 and 102-500. The most recent version of LPIC-2 is Version 4.5 with the Exams 201-450 and 202-450.
Lastly, we are obviously looking for Authors, We encourage all positive edits even if it is just to correct a simple spelling mistake or fix a link; in short, "Every addition is very welcome."

## Table of Contents
### Junior Level Linux Professional (LPIC-1) - Exam Page
#### Exam 101-500
##### Topic 101: System Architecture

* Determine and configure hardware settings (101.1)
* Boot the system (101.2)
* Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot (101.3)

##### Topic 102: Linux Installation & Package Management

* Design Hard Disk Layout (102.1)
* Install A Boot Manager (102.2)
* Manage Shared Libraries (102.3)
* Use Debian Package Management (102.4)
* Use RPM and YUM package management (102.5)
* Linux as a virtualization guest (102.6)

##### Topic 103: GNU and UNIX Commands

* Work On The Command Line (103.1)
* Process Text Streams Using Filters (103.2)
* Perform Basic File Management (103.3)
* Use Streams, Pipes and Redirects (103.4)
* Create, Monitor and Kill Processes (103.5)
* Modify Process Execution Priorities (103.6)
* Search Text Files Using Regular Expressions (103.7)
* Basic File Editing (103.8)

##### Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

* Create Partitions and Filesystems (104.1)
* Maintaining The Integrity Of Filesystems (104.2)
* Control Mounting and Unmounting of Filesystems (104.3)
* Removed (104.4)
* Manage file permissions and ownership (104.5)
* Create and Change Hard and Symbolic Links (104.6)
* Find System Files and Place Files In The Correct Location (104.7)

#### Exam 102-500
##### Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting

* Customise and Use The Shell Environment (105.1)
* Customise Or Write Simple Shell Scripts (105.2)

##### Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

* Install and configure X11 (106.1)
* Graphical Desktops (106.2)
* Accessibility (106.3)

##### Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

* Manage Users and Group Accounts and Related System Files (107.1)
* Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs (107.2)
* Localisation and internationalisation (107.3)

##### Topic 108: Essential System Services

* Maintain system time (108.1)
* System logging (108.2)
* Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics (108.3)
* Manage printers and printing (108.4)

##### Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

* Fundamentals of internet protocols (109.1)
* Persistent network configuration (109.2)
* Basic network troubleshooting (109.3)
* Configure client side DNS (109.4)

##### Topic 110: Security

* Perform security administration tasks (110.1)
* Setup host security (110.2)
* Securing data with encryption (110.3)

#### Obsolete Links

Hardware & Architecture (Obsolete!)
* Configure Fundamental BIOS Settings
* Configure Modem & Sound Cards
* Setup Non IDE Devices
* Setup Different PC Expansion Cards
* Configure Communication Devices
* Configure USB Devices
The X Window System
* Setup A Display Manager
Kernel
* Kernel Runtime Management & Query
Security
* Perform Security Administration Tasks

### Advanced Level Linux Professional (LPIC-2)
#### Exam 201-450
##### Capacity Planning (200)

* Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage (200.1)
* Predict Future Resource Needs (200.2)

##### Linux Kernel (201)

* Kernel Components (201.1)
* Compiling A Kernel (201.2)
* Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting (201.3)
* Patching A Kernel (201.3) (Obsolete)
* Customise, build and install a custom kernel and kernel modules (201.4) (Obsolete)
* Manage/Query kernel and kernel modules at runtime (201.5) (Obsolete)

##### System Startup (202)

* Customizing SysV-init startup (202.1)
* System Recovery (202.2)
* Alternate Bootloaders (202.3)

##### Filesystems And Devices (203)

* Operating The Linux filesystem (203.1)
* Maintaining A Linux filesystem (203.2)
* Creating And Configuring filesystem Options (203.3)

##### Advanced Storage Device Administration (204)

* Configuring RAID (204.1)
* Adjusting Storage Device Access (204.2)
* Logical Volume Manager (204.3)
* Adding New Hardware (Obsolete!)
* Software & Kernel Configuration (Obsolete!)
* Configuring PCMCIA Devices (Obsolete!)

##### Networking Configuration (205)

* Basic Networking Configuration (205.1)
* Advanced Network Configuration & Troubleshooting (205.2)
* Troubleshooting Network Issues (205.3)

##### System Maintenance (206)

* Make And Install Programs From Source (206.1)
* Backup Operations (206.2)
* Notify users on system-related issues (206.3)
* System Logging (Obsolete!)
* Packaging Software (Obsolete!)

#### Exam 202-450
##### DNS (207)

* Basic DNS Server Configuration (207.1)
* Create And Maintain DNS Zones (207.2)
* Securing A DNS Server (207.3)

##### Web Services (208)

* Implementing A Web Server (208.1)
* Apache configuration for HTTPS (208.2)
* Implementing A Proxy Server (208.3)
* Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy (208.3)

##### File Sharing (209)

* Samba Server Configuration (209.1)
* NFS Server Configuration (209.2)

##### Network Client Management (210)

* DHCP Configuration (210.1)
* PAM Authentication (210.2)
* LDAP Client Usage (210.3)
* Configuring an OpenLDAP server (210.4)
* NIS Configuration (Obsolete!)

##### E-Mail Services (211)

* Using E-Mail Servers (211.1)
* Managing E-Mail Delivery (211.2)
* Managing Remote E-Mail Delivery (211.3)
* Configuring Mailing Lists (Obsolete!)
* Managing Mail Traffic (Obsolete!)
* Serving News (Obsolete!)

##### System Security (212)

* Configuring A Router (212.1)
* Securing FTP Servers (212.2)
* Secure Shell (SSH) (212.3)
* Security Tasks (212.4)
* OpenVPN (212.5)

##### Obsolete!

* TCP Wrapper (212.4) (Obsolete!)
Troubleshooting (213) (Obsolete!)
* Identifying Boot Stages And Troubleshooting Bootloaders (213.1) (Obsolete!)
* General Troubleshooting (213.2) (Obsolete!)
* Troubleshooting System Resources (213.3) (Obsolete!)
* Troubleshooting Environment Configurations (213.4) (Obsolete!)
* Creating Recovery Disks (Obsolete!)
* Identifying Boot Stages (Obsolete!)
* Troubleshooting Bootloaders (Obsolete!)

## External links

* LPI Website
* The Linux Documentation Project
* LPI Linux certification information and study resources
* LPI Study Guides from IBM - Highly regarded by the Linux Community
* The Linux Tutorial