OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Simulation with AnyLogic/System Dynamics/Step 7. Adding auxiliaries

Step 7. Adding Auxiliaries
We need to add two auxiliaries representing adoptions resulting from word of mouth and from advertising.
Create the AdoptionFromAd auxiliary
* Drag the Flow Aux Variable element from the System Dynamics page of the Palette view onto the diagram of active object class (right to the place where you want to locate a variable).
* In the Properties view, change the Name to AdoptionFromAd.
* Define the formula expression. In the AdoptionFromAd = edit box, type: AdEffectiveness*PotentialAdopters
Create the AdoptionFromWOM auxiliary
Now we can formulate the adoption flow using just defined auxiliares. The two sources of adoption are assumed to be independent. Thus, the total adoption rate is the sum of adoptions resulting from word of mouth driven by the population of adopters and adoptions resulting from advertising.
Define the formula for the adoption rate
* Click the just created flow variable on the diagram.
* Go to the General page of the Properties view.
* Specify the formula expression in the AdoptionRate = field:
    AdoptionFromAd+AdoptionFromWOM
Now we have completely defined our model. The stock and flow diagram of the model should look like as on the figure below.
You may examine the causal dependencies between stocks, flows and auxiliaries in your model. They are denoted with arrows as in standard SD notation.
* A thick arrow going from flow to stock means that this flow acts as inflow for this stock.
* A thick arrow going from stock to flow means that this flow acts as outflow.
* A thin arrow going from A variable to B means that A causes to change B.
You can see that our model has one balancing and one reinforcing feedback loop.
* A balancing feedback loop affects the adoption rate due to advertising. The adoption rate reduces the pool of the potential adopters, which in turn decreases the adoption rate.
* A reinforcing loop affects the adoption rate due to word of mouth. The adoption rate increases the adopter population, resulting in an increase of word of mouth, and thus the increase of the adoption rate.
# Simulation with AnyLogic/System Dynamics/Step 9. Running the model

Step 9. Running the Model
Build your project by clicking the Build Model toolbar button. If there are some errors in your model, the building fails and the Problems view appears listing all the errors found in your model. Click All button in the upper right corner of the view to show all errors in the model and then double-click an error in the list to open the location of the error and fix it.
    Problems view
After the model is successfully built, you can start it. Running the simulation, you automatically bring the current model up to date.
Start the model
* Click the Run toolbar button and choose the experiment you want to run from the drop-down list. Your simulation experiment is called Bass Diffusion/Simulation. In the case this model is the only one opened in the workspace at the moment you will be prompted to run this particular experiment. Later on this button will start the previously run experiment. To run any other experiment, right-click the experiment in the Project view and choose Run from the context menu.
* Having started the model, you will see the presentation window. It displays the presentation designed for your simulation experiment. AnyLogic automatically places the show-bench title and the button enabling running your model and switching to the presentation designed for the Main class.
* You can see animated stock-and-flow diagram. Elements of the diagram match the system dynamics notation. The actual values of variables are displayed as well.
* You can adjust the execution speed to your needs using Slow down and Speed up toolbar buttons.
AnyLogic supports various tools for collecting, displaying, and analyzing data during model execution. The simpliest way to examine current state and history of a parameter or a variable during model simulation is to use inspect window. We want to inspect our variables AdoptionFromAd and AdoptionFromWOM to view the contribution of different adoption sources.
Inspect adoption sources
* Click the AdoptionFromAd variable in the presentation. The yellow popup box will be shown. If needed, move it by dragging the toolbar of the window and resize it to the desired size by dragging the lower right corner of the window..
* By default the window is in inspect mode - it displays the current value of the variable. You can switch it to the plot mode by clicking the "rectangle" button in the upper right corner of the window. Now it shows the time plot showing the trend for AdoptionFromAd variable.
* In the same way, open inspect window for AdoptionFromWOM and switch it to the plot mode.
"Inspect" charts change scales automatically to embrace the plots, displaying the variables changing from the beginning to the end of simulation. We can easily see that when an innovation is introduced and the adopter population is zero, the only source of adoption will be advertising. The advertising effect is largest at the start of the diffusion process and steadily diminishes as the pool of potential adopters is depleted.
# Simulation with AnyLogic/System Dynamics/Step 5. Adding constants

Step 5. Adding Constants
Now we will define constants of our model. In AnyLogic you define a constant by creating a parameter.
Define a constant representing total population
* Drag the Parameter element from the System Dynamics page of the Palette view onto the diagram of active object class.
* On the General page of the Properties view, set up the parameter properties.
* Change the name of the constant. Type TotalPopulation in the Name edit box.
* In the Default Value edit box, type 100000. This will be the total population in our model.
The rate, with which potential adopters come into contact with adopters, is assumed to be constant. So, we will define a constant to represent contact rate.
Define the ContactRate constant
* Define the constant in the same way. Enter the Name: ContactRate.
* Assume a contact rate of 100 per person per year. In the Default Value, type 100.
In this model the volume of advertising and the probability that a potential adopter will adopt as the result of exposure to a given amount of advertising are assumed to be constant each period. So, we will add a constant to model the advertising effectiveness — the fractional adoption rate from advertising.
Define a constant representing advertising effectiveness
* Define a constant in the similar way. Name it AdEffectiveness.
* Set the value to 0.011.
Define one more constant to specify the adoption fraction — the proportion of contacts that are sufficiently persuasive to induce the potential adopter to purchase the product.
Define the AdoptionFraction constant
* Name the constant AdoptionFraction.
* Set the value to 0.015.
# Simulation with AnyLogic/System Dynamics/Step 8. Configuring simulation

Step 8. Configuring Simulation
Model simulation has a set of specific settings. A group of model settings is called an experiment, and experiments are displayed at the bottom of the model branch in the workspace tree. You can create several experiments for the same model with alternative model settings. One experiment is created by default and named Simulation.
It is a simulation experiment, enabling model simulation with customized parameter values.
There are also other types of experiments (optimization, risk assessment, parameter variations experiment), used when the model parameters play a significant role and you need to analyze how they affect the model behavior, or when you want to find optimal parameters of your model.
If we start the model, it will work 100 time units and then will stop. Since we want to observe only how the model behaves when the adoption process takes place, we need to stop the model when the system comes to equilibrium. The adoption process in this model lasts something over 10 years.
Set the model to stop at time 10
* In the Project view, click the Simulation:Main experiment item.
* On the Model Time tab of the Properties window, choose Stop at specified time from the Stop drop-down list. In the edit box on the right, type 10. The model will stop after 10 model time units elapse.
Before running the model, we will set the real time mode to control the execution speed and, consequently, animation speed. In real time mode, the model is executed regarding the physical time.
Set the real time execution mode
* In the Project view, click the Simulation experiment.
* On the Presentation page of the Properties view, go to the Execution mode section and choose the Real time with scale option.
* Specify the model execution speed, i.e., how many model time units will be executed in one second. In the edit box to the right, type 2.
# Singing
## Contents

* Introduction
* Anatomy of the human larynx
* Proper posture
* Breathing
* Caring for your voice
# Sidux/Useable applications/PDF readers

    Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format created by Adobe Systems.

## Evince

    A default PDF installed application for sidux is Evince.
    What you have to do to open any PDF document is choosing "Document Viewer" (Evince) from mouse menu
    when you mark a PDF file in a file manager:
    The application has thumbs pre-view in left sidebar.
    Evince home page: http://www.gnome.org/projects/evince/
    And on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evince

## Xpdf

    Next PDF viewer is Xpdf.
    1. Install it:
    2. Run it from: Menu-> Graphics-> xpdf.
    3. Or from mouse menu: Open with-> xpdf.
    Home page: http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
    And on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xpdf

## Adobe Reader

    Adobe Systems has it's own PDF reader for Linux.
    Install it from repositories:
    Or download it from official web side: http://get.adobe.com/reader/otherversions/ , choose Linux "deb" version
    and install it:
    1. Run it from: Menu-> Office-> Adobe Reader 9.
    2. Accept the licence.
    3. And open a PDF file-> Open icon.
    4. Or choose a file from mouse menu: Open with-> Adobe Reader 9.
    Home page: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/
    On Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat

## Others

* KPDF: http://kpdf.kde.org/
* Okular: http://okular.kde.org/
    More about PDF on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format
# Sidux/Useable applications/Screen saver
## Screen saver

    Sidux doesn't have any screensaver pre-installed so you can do that yourself if you want.
    1. Installation:
    2. And run it from: Menu-> Settings-> Screensaver.
       a. Run XScreenSaver demon if the application ask for it-> OK
       b. Choose any available screensaver from the list on left side.
       c. If you want to use one screensaver choose mode: "Only One Screen Saver".
       d. If you want a screensaver to be changed automatically choose mode: "Random Screen Saver".
       e. Set time in minutes a screensaver to be blank: "Blank After".
       f. If you've chosen "Random Screen Saver" set time in minutes a screensaver to be changed: "Cycle after".
       g. If you want to stop screensavers displaying choose: "Lock Screen After".
    3. In "Advanced" tab you can change some settings such as:
       a. "Display Management Enabled" - stand by, suspend and off after in minutes.
       b. "Fading and Colormaps" - fade to black when blanking, fade to black when unblanking and fade duration.
# Sidux/Useable applications/Sound mixers

    ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) is a sound system for Linux and provides device drivers for sound cards.
    Linux was using OSS (Open Sound System) before and there is new one called PULSE.
    Anyway ALSA is a default sound system for sidux and Debian in this moment.
    For sound devices managing we'll use sound mixers.

## AlsaMixer

    AlsaMixer is console application and it is pre-installed with sidux.
    To run it type in Terminal as an user:

## XFCE4-mixer

    One of AlsaMixer GUI is "xfce4-mixer".
    Run it from: Menu-> Multimedia-> Mixer.
    It's available from desktop panel too: Mixer Plugin.

## AlsaMixerGui

    It's next AlsaMixer GUI, to install it type:
    Run it from: Menu-> Multimedia-> Alsamixergui.

## Gnome-alsamixer

    If you'd like to try GNOME AlsaMixer GUI, just install it:
    Run it: Menu-> Multimedia-> GNOME ALSA Mixer.
    ALSA home page: http://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Main_Page
    On Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture
# Sidux/Useable applications/Photos album maker

    I'd like to make a little more attention with an application doesn't suit for two previous chapters.
    It is not a graphics viewer nor editor but you can work on photos anyway.
    The main job of the application is photos album making.
    It's Jalbum.

## Installation

    1. Download Jalbum.deb package for Debian from: http://jalbum.net/software/download/current
       a. It needs Java Virtual Machine 1.5 version at least.
       b. Anyway there is Jalbum.bin installation package as well.
    2. Installation (in "/usr/share/jalbum" folder):

## Extra skins

    If you want to install more albums skins download new ones from: http://jalbum.net/skins
    1. But skins you can't install just like that, click right button of mouse on "Install skin" icon
    and choose "Save it as..." to download it.
    2. Extract the package and move it out using any File Manager as root to Jalbum's skins folder:

## Album making

    Run the application from: Menu-> Graphics-> Jalbum.
    1. Add photos folder to a new project in two ways:
       a. drag a folder from an open file manager window and drop if off in jalbum window.
       b. or just click on "Add".
    2. "Skins and style" option on left panel - choose your skin and it's style.
    3. Next click on "toothed wheel" icon - configuration.
       a. First tab "General" - change output directory
       b. Next tab "Pages" - you can change thumbnails colums and rows numbers and it's ordering.
       c. "Images" tab - choose images quality and size.
       d. "Advanced" tab-> Naming - change the main page name.
       e. "Chameleon" tab - you can make many individual settings.
       f. If all your settings are fine close the window clicking on "OK".
    4. Now click on "Make Jalbum" to do so.
    5. If you want to check the result click on "Preview" - it'll open the album in default web browser.
    5. Save the project before closing Jalbum down: File-> Save Album Project As...".

## Publishing

    When your album is ready you can publish it sending out to any hosting server.
    1. To do that click on "Publish" button on left panel.
    2. If you have Jalbum account type your name and password.
    3. Or use existing account on other server.
    3. Anyway you can send your album out using any different ftp client: Sidux/Ftp clients

## Editing

    Adding new photos to existing project (to photos folder) you don't need to make the album from the beginning.
    Just open saved project and click on: Make Jalbum-> Make Changes - the application will over write existing
    album making new one.
    Don't forget to over write the album on your hosting server too.
    Home page: http://jalbum.net/
    Jalbum on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalbum
# Sidux/Useable applications/Printer

    I'm gonna try to configure a printer and make testing print in this chapter.
    Just I wanna say that I never made it on Linux before so it's my first time and effects can be vary.
    I used my old printer Panasonic KXP-2130 connected to an USB port.
    I have screenshots in polish in this moment only, sorry.

## Configuration

    CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) is a configure printers application for Unix-like systems
    and it's available to run from any web browser.
    1. sidux has ready to use script, to run it go to: Menu-> Settings-> configure-cups.
       Give root password - it'll run Iceweasel web browser.
    2. In this case I suggest to run a web browser (in an user mode) and type address in:
       a. Click on: Add Printer
       b. Type your user name and password: 1.png
       c. If your printer is connected directly to your computer, choose: Local printer,
          if it's shared printer in local network, choose: Local shared printer.
          I connected my printer as: Local printer-> Unknown. 2.png
       d. In next step give: a name (yours), discription and localization - as you want. 3.png
       e. Choose your printer maker's name from the list. 4.png
       f. And its version (I didn't find my one). 5.png
       g. It can be used "PPD" file instead of that but you have to find it yourself in the web typing:
          PPD printer_name version.
       h. Check a page settings to be printed (default). 6.png
       i. And finish configuration, a testing page can be printed now. 8.png, 9.png

## Printing

    When the printer has been configurated, make a print from a file.
    1. To do that open a text file using a text editor, a web browser or any application and choose: Print.
    2. Second way to make printing is marking a file to be printed and choosing from mouse menu: Send to-> Printer.
    3. It'll open XFCE4 printing window-> click on: Print. 11.png

## Re-configuring

    If you made a mistake with configuration, just configure it again.
    1. Open a web browser and type the same cups address as last time.
    2. Choose: present connection - if your printer is still connected. 13.png
    3. Choose correct name and version of the printer and follow the istruction as above. 12.png
    CUPS home page: http://www.cups.org/
    About CUPS on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_UNIX_Printing_System
# Sidux/Useable applications/Screenshot
## Screenschooter

    A screenchooter is a small application for making screen copy (or just a piece) as a graphic file.
    1. Run it from: Menu-> Accessories-> Screenshot
    2. If the application is not installed just do it:
    3. The screenshooter is available as a panel applet "Screenshot" - a part of "xfce4-goodies" package too.
# Sidux/Useable applications/Notpads

    I am sure that many people write messages and informations down on many different places.
    You can do it too using one of applications displacing informations on a desktop.

## Notes

    It's a simply application available in "xfce4-goodies" package.
    Run it from: Menu-> Accessories-> Notes.
    Home page: http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/panel-plugins/xfce4-notes-plugin

## Tomboy

    Tomboy is a part of GNOME project and it is for creating and organising notes.
       1. Installation:
       2. Run it: Menu-> Accessories-> Tomboy Notes.
       3. Features:
          a. spell checking
          b. auto-linking of web and email addresses
          c. font styling and sizing
          d. bulleting lists
          e. plug-ins installation
    Tomboy home page: http://projects.gnome.org/tomboy/
    And on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomboy_%28software%29

## Screenlets

    Screenlets installation and configuration is here: Desktop add-ons
    1. Choose the "Notes" applet.
    2. Place it on the desktop.
    3. Lock the position if you want.
    4. Go to: Options and tick: Auto start on login.
    Home page: http://www.screenlets.org/index.php/Home
# Sidux/Useable applications/Office suites

    An office suite is a set of applications for creating or editing text files, draws, bases, etc.

## GNOME Office

    There are GNOME Office's two applications pre-installed with sidux:
   * AbiWord - text editor: Menu-> Office-> AbiWord
   * Gnumeric - a spreadsheet: Menu-> Office-> Gnumeric
    Some Linux distributions sometimes have pre-installed more applications of the suite such as:
   * Evince document viewer
   * GIMP raster graphics editor
   * Inkscape vector graphics editor
   * Epiphany web browser
   * Evolution e-mail client
   * and more...
    More about GNOME Office suite on: http://live.gnome.org/GnomeOffice
    And on Wikpiedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Office

## OpenOffice.org

    OpenOffice.org suite is an integrated set of applications:
   * Writer - word processor supports a large number of text file forms.
   * Draw - vector graphics editor.
   * Impress - presentation program.
   * Calc - spreadsheet.
   * Base - database management program.
   * Math - tool for creating and editing mathematical formulas.
    1. To install it type in terminal as root:
    2. And run it from: Menu-> Office-> OpenOffice.org.
    The project home page: http://www.openoffice.org/
    On Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org
    And on Wikibooks: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org

## Others

* KOffice - A set of office applications for KDE: http://www.koffice.org/
* Siag Office: http://siag.nu/
# Sidux/Useable applications/Local networks managing
## Ceni

    One of tools for wired and wirelles networks managing is an application made by sidux developers - Ceni.
    There is Ceni network configuration guide for the chapter: Sidux/Installation/Ceni
    When you configure the network, it doesn't need any more your attention.

## Wicd

    But if you change an access point often I suggest to install any graphic network configurator.
    Wicd is a default network configurator for XFCE so install it as root:
    1. You will be asked for adding a new user to "netdev" group - mark it with "space" bottom as "x" and click OK.
    2. Re-boot your computer.
    3. Open Wicd from desktop panel-> Preferences tab-> Network Interfaces:
       a. For Wireless type: wlan0
       b. For Wired type: eth0 and click on-> OK.
    4. Refresh network list and find yours-> mark for Automatically connection to this network.
    5. If you use wireless connection open "Properties" and type your network key if required.
    Home page: http://wicd.sourceforge.net/
    Wicd on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicd

## Network Manager

    Network Manager is an application for GNOME environment but it works on others anyway.
    It manages mobiles networks too from 0.7 version.
    Home page: http://projects.gnome.org/NetworkManager/

## KNetwork Manager

    For KDE environment install:
    Kwlan home page: http://www.kde.org/applications/internet/kwlan/
# Spanish/Exercises/¿Qué comes?

Welcome to the exercises related to lesson 6 of ¡Aprovéchalo! The answers can be found here. Also, try translating the dialogue at the top of the lesson page.

## Food and Drink

Match the English to the Spanish.
| 1. Un pepino | a. Water |
| 2. Queso | b. The carrots |
| 3. Una manzana | c. Rice |
| 4. Las peras | d. White wine |
| 5. Té | e. An egg |
| 6. Las zanahorias | f. A cucumber |
| 7. Un huevo | g. Tea |
| 8. Agua | h. Cheese |
| 9. Arroz | i. The pears |
| 10. Vino blanco | j. An apple |

## What do you eat?

* Conjugate the verb beber ("to drink") and cenar ("to dine") below:

## A bottle of wine

Match up the following to make sentences that make sense.
| 1. Un kilo y medio de... | a. ...vino tinto |
| 2. Algo de... | b. ...leche |
| 3. Una copa de... | c. ...patatas |
| 4. Un vaso de... | d. ...pan |
| 5. Una barra de... | e. ...pasta |

## In the shop

Pretend that you are a customer in a shop. In the following dialogue, fill in your part.
    Buenos días.
    Muy bien, gracias. ¿Qué quisieras?
    Vale. Ahí están.
    Cuestan tres euros.
    ¡Adiós!

## Adjectives

* Correct the following sentences.
** Ahí está tres tomates verde.
** Los mujeres son difíciles.
** Me gusta hombres amable.
** Odie pepinos.
** No les gustan comer patatas con queso.
* Translate the following between Spanish and English.
** I hate eating tomatoes: they're boring.
** No toma queso o leche porque es vegano. [ vegano = vegan ]
** I don't drink milk because it's white.
** ¿Querrías comprar una manzana?
** Does she like pasta with tomatoes and carrots?