OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Units of Measurement/Length

Length :
| Dimension | Dimension | L |
| Usual Symbol | Usual Symbol | l |
| Coherent units |||
| System | Unit | Symbol |
| SI | metre | m |
| CGS | centimetre | cm |
| Imperial | foot | ft |

## SI units

The base unit of length in the SI system is the metre. This has had several definitions over time:

### 1889

    The International Bureau of Weights and Measures defines the metre as the distance between two marks on a platinum-iridium alloy bar (the International Prototype Metre). This prototype is kept in a vault in Sèvres, near Paris.

### 1960

    The 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures redefines the metre in terms of a specific number of wavelengths of light of a specific frequency in a vacuum. It is defined to be 1 650 763.73 wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by an electron transitioning between the levels 2p$_{10}$ and 5d$_5$ of the krypton-86 ($^{86}$Kr) atom in a vacuum. The metre is now defined in terms of reproducible physical effects, rather than a synthetic artifact.

### 1983

    The 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures redefines the metre in terms of the distance traversed by light (having a universally constant speed in a vacuum) in a specific time. It is defined as the distance traveled by a beam of light in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 second. This is the current definition. This has the effect that the speed of light is defined to be exactly 299 792 458 m/s.

## Imperial units

One international yard is defined as 0.914 4 m

## References

* ↑ Conférence Générale des Poids es Mesures [at Wikipedia], ed. (1960). Compte rendu des séances de la 11$^e$ Conférence générale des Poids es Mesures. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. p. 85.
* ↑ Conférence Générale des Poids es Mesures, ed. (1983). Compte rendu des séances de la 13$^e$ Conférence générale des Poids es Mesures.
* ↑ After Diem, K., Lentner, C. (ed.), ed. (1970). "Physics". Documenta Geigy Scientific Tables (7th ed. ed.). Basle Bold text: J.R. Geigy S.A. p. 200. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); |editor= has generic name (help); line feed character in |location= at position 6 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
# Units of Measurement/Mass

The SI unit for mass is grams (g). One teaspoon of sugar would weigh approximately one gram. For heavier objects, kilograms (kg), which is equal to 1000 grams, are used. One kilogram is equal to 2.2 United States pounds.
Mass is the force exerted by the body (molecular compose) without the influence of the gravity. The Mass of a body will be constant even if the gravity changes.

# For example:

If a mass of a food packet is 1-kg within the atmosphere of earth; and the same mass will be retained in the moon too. But if a weight of food packet is 9.81 Kg-m sq.sec [Mass * gravity] within the atmosphere of earth, whereas it is 1.62 Kg-m sq.sec, in the surface of moon.
Therefore, Mass is a constant and weight is a dynamic variable.
# Units of Measurement/Area

Area :
| Dimension | Dimension | L$^2$ |
| Usual Symbol | Usual Symbol | A, S |
| Coherent units |||
| System | Unit | Symbol |
| SI | square metre | m$^2$ |
| CGS | square centimetre | cm$^2$ |
| Imperial | square foot | ft$^2$ |
# Units of Measurement/Pressure

Pressure is the force per unit area applied in the direction perpendicular to a surface. Mathematically, pressure is defined as
    $P={\frac {dF}{dA}}$
where:
    P is pressure
    F is the component of force perpendicular to the surface
    A is the area of the surface
When a force is constant over an area, the pressure acting on that area is simply
    $P={\frac {F}{A}}$
It can be given the units of N.m$^{-2}$. Pressure is a scalar quantity, thus it acts in all directions at any given point. In order for pressure to create a force, the pressure must be integrated over some area.
Pressure units :
| | pascal | bar | standard atmosphere | torr | pound per square inch |
| | Pa | bar | atm | Torr | psi |
| 1 Pa | ≡ 1 N/m$^2$ | 10$^{−5}$ | 9.8692×10$^{−6}$ | 7.5006×10$^{−3}$ | 145.04×10$^{−6}$ |
| 1 bar | 10$^5$ | ≡ 10$^5$ Pa | 0.98692 | 750.06 | 14.5037744 |
| 1 at | 0.980665 ×10$^5$ | 0.980665 | 0.96784 | 735.56 | 14.223 |
| 1 atm | 1.01325 ×10$^5$ | 1.01325 | ≡ p$_0$ | 760 | 14.696 |
| 1 Torr | 133.322 | 1.3332×10$^{−3}$ | 1.3158×10$^{−3}$ | ≈ 1 mm$_{Hg}$ | 19.337×10$^{−3}$ |
| 1 psi | 6.895×10$^3$ | 68.948×10$^{−3}$ | 68.046×10$^{−3}$ | 51.715 | ≡ 1 lbf/in$^2$ |
# Tahitian/Determiners
## Proximity

* Singular
** Teie pere'o'o : this car.
** Teie pahī : this ship.
** Teie Poe : this Pearl.
* Plural
** Teie mau pere'o'o : these Cars
** Teie mau pahī : these ships
** Teie mau poe : these pearls.

## Distance

* Near you
** Singular
*** Tena 'utu : that louse
*** Tena 'ofe : that bamboo
*** Tena mā'a : that fruit
** Plural
*** Tena mau 'utu : those louses
*** Tena mau 'ofe : those bamboos
*** Tena mau mā'a : those fruits
* Over there
** Singular
*** Tera ta'ata : that person.
*** Tera Fare toa : that store.
*** Tera faraoa : that bread.
** Plural
*** Tera mau ta'ata : those persons
*** Tera mau fare toa : those stores
*** Tera mau faraoa : those breads.
# Tahitian/Phrases
## I love you

    Ua here au ia 'oe

## I am hungry

    ua po'ia roa vau

## Forbidden to eat

    'eiaha e 'amu

## Where come you from?

    No te hea fenua mai 'oe?

## Where are you from?

    nō hea mai 'oe?

## I'm from Germany

    Nō te fenua puritia vau

## How old are you?

    E hia matahiti to 'oe

## I'm 18 years old

    e 'ahuru ma va'u matahiti to 'u

## Enjoy your meal!

    Taamaa' a maita'i!

## Do you have a question?

    e uira'a tā 'oe?
# Tahitian/Adjectives

The adjectives are invariables in number and gender.
* In singular:
** The beauty girl : te pōti'i purotu
** The strong man : te tāne pūai
** The happy day : te mahana 'oa'oa
* In plural:
** The beauty girls : te mau pōti'i purotu
** The strong men : te mau tāne pūai
** The happy days : te mau mahana 'oa'oa
* How are you? : E aha te huru?
** Fine! : maita'i!
** Angry! : 'iriā!
** Tired! : rohirohi!
** Boring! : fiu!
** Sad! : hana!
** Happy! : 'oa'oa!
** Single : ta'a noa
** Engaged : mōmo'a
** Married : fa'aipiipo
** Divorced : fa'ata'a
# Tahitian/Date
## what's the day today?

    E aha teie mahana?

## Today is Tuesday

    i teie mahana e mahana piti ia

## Give the date

    hōro'a i te tai'o mahana

## Give your date of birth

    hōro'a i tō'oe mahana fānaura'a

## Sunday march 15, 2020

    Tapati'ahuru ma pae nō māti piti tauatini 'e piti'ahuru

## I was born on may 21, 1985

    'ua fānauhia vau i te piti 'ahuru ma dahi nō mē i matahiti tauatini iva hānere va'u'ahuru ma pae

## How old are you?

    E hia matahiti To 'oe?

## I'm 18 years old

    e 'ahuru ma va'u matahiti to 'u
# Tahitian/Greetings
## Aroha

    greet

## 'ia ora na 'outou (plural)

    Hello

## 'ia ora na, e aha te huru?

    Hello, how are you?

## Maita'i

    good

## Maita'i vau, māurūru

    Fine thanks

## Maita'i roa

    very good

## Maita'i ri'i

    not bad

## 'o Hina vau

    I'm Hina.

## 'ia ora na tātou

    hi everyone.

## Happy birthday

    'ia 'oa'oa 'oe i tō 'oe mahana fānaura'a

## Happy christmas

    'ia 'oa'oa i teie noera

### Phrases
#### Good weekend!

    'ia maita'i te hope'ara'a hepetoma!
# Tahitian/Adverbs

* Inside – roto
* Outside – rapae
* Very – roa
# Tahitian/Alphabet and pronunciation

The pronunciation is very easy:
| letter | name | pronunciation | pronunciation | notes |
| letter | name | IPA | English approximation | notes |
| a | ’ā | /a/, /ɑː/ | a: opera, ā: father | |
| e | ’ē | /e/, /eː/ | e: late, ē: same but longer | |
| f | fā | /f/ | friend | becomes bilabial [ɸ] after o and u |
| h | hē | /h/ | house | becomes [ʃ] (as in English shoe) after i and before o or u |
| i | ’ī | /i/, /iː/ | as in machine | may become diphthong ai in some words like rahi |
| m | mō | /m/ | mouse | |
| n | nū | /n/ | nap | |
| o | ’ō | /ɔ/, /oː/ | o: nought, ō: same but longer | |
| p | pī | /p/ | sponge (not aspirated) | |
| r | rō | /r/ | - | It's an alveolar trill: |
| t | tī | /t/ | stand (not aspirated) | |
| u | ’ū | /u/, /uː/ | u: foot, ū: moo | strong lip rounding |
| v | vī | /v/ | vine | becomes bilabial ([β]) after o and u |
| ’ | ’eta | /ʔ/ | uh-oh | A glottal stop, beginning each syllable. Sounds like this: |
# Tahitian/Articles
## Definite article

* Singular
** The man – te tane
** The woman – te vahine
** The flower – te tiare
* Plural
** The men – te mau tane
** The women – te mau vahine
** The flowers – te mau tiare

## Indefinite article

* Singular
** A mango – e vii
** A gift – e taoa
** A cloud – e ata
* Plural
** Mangoes – e mau vii
** Gifts – e mau taoa
** Clouds – e mau ata
# Tahitian/Conjunctions

* And - ma
* Of - no
* Of - o
* - i
# TripleA

This wikibook is a Gameplay Manual and Rule Book for the popular open-source computer game platform TripleA which is is released for free use under the GPL. TripleA is a turn based computer strategy game derived from the Axis & Allies board game. A wide variety of playable maps and scenarios have been developed for TripleA.

## Table of Contents

* Getting Started
* Basic Rules
* Units and their Special Abilities Overview
* Walkthrough of a game turn
* Advanced Rules
* Play by Mail
* Play on the Lobby
* Credits
* Appendices
# TripleA/Play by Mail

Play by Mail is also shortened as PBEM.
After starting tripleA, click on "Start PBEM game". From "Load Saved Game" you can load the saved your partner sent you by mail, or from "Choose Game" select your new game. There are different Dice Servers:
* for the first one you have to enter your email and your partner's at the To and CC fields on top. Then play and at the end of your turn you save and send the saved to your partner by mail. The Dice server will send an email containing the result of every dice rolled to the emails you provided. It might flood your email with such mails.
* the second dice server (the one containing web word in it) just stores the rolled values on the internet, which you can check using the game's unique code (you can find instructions in the fields where the e-mails would have been written for the previous server)
# Trigonometry/e to the i Pi

Take the formula
    $e^{xi}=\cos(x)+i\sin(x)$ .
If $x=\pi$ radians, $\cos(x)=-1$ and $\sin(x)=0$ so the formula becomes
    $e^{\pi i}=-1$
or
    $e^{\pi i}+1=0$
a formula relating five key numbers in mathematics.
# TripleA/Credits

The original developer for the TripleA Game Engine is Sean G Bridges.
The current developers are: Mark Christopher Duncan (veqryn), Edwin Van Der Wal, and Frigoref.
# Play on the lobby

After starting TripleA, click on "Find Games Online on the Lobby Server". On the Login Screen you have two options:
* Create Account, using the Create Account button
* login anonymously choose a username that hasn't been taken so far, then switch "Login Anonymously ?" on. You will no longer be required to make an account, but anyone can login with the same username.
On the lobby, on the right side you can see all the users currently online. Some of them have a comment near their username (such as afk=away from keyboard etc) to set a comment near your username, click on "Status" located on the bottom right of the screen. If you have a partner that is online, you can call for his attention by "slapping" him (right-click on their username on the right of the screen and click on slap He will be noted that you slapped him even if he is in a game. Other users will not see the "slapping")
on the bottom left it's a messenger type window. You can post messages there.
On the top left side are listed the current games. At Status you can see if game is in progress or host is waiting for players. To join a game, select a game from the list and click "Join Game" from below the list. You can watch other people's games and learn from them. Rarely games are protected by passwords.
You can host a game by clicking "Host Game". In the "comment" field you can write a comment such as game options or your level of experience on that map to find appropriate partners.
If you can't host, it's most probably because of your router. It can be solved by changing router settings and open a port (port forwarding).

### Politeness

Generally players like to win. If you are losing, it is nice to give them satisfaction by not abandoning. Surrendering and telling them they play well is an option.
However, it's nice to surrender when you no longer have any chance of winning and game gets boring.
# Turkmen/Alphabet/Exercise

GÖNÜKME Exercise
As you haven't actually learned any Turkmen, yet, there isn't really much that can be done to practice what you've just learned and reinforce your knowledge, except for the stuff below:

## Alphabet

Do the following:
* Recite the Latin Turkmen alphabet off by heart.
** State the 27th letter of the alphabet.
** State the 13th letter of the alphabet.
** State the 8th letter of the alphabet.
* (Optional) Recite the Cyrillic Turkmen alphabet off by heart.
** (Optional) State the 24th letter of the alphabet.
** (Optional) State the 16th letter of the alphabet.
** (Optional) State the 5th letter of the alphabet.
* Write out the Latin and, if applicable, the Cyrillic Turkmen alphabets on a piece of paper.
* Check your answers here

## Vowel harmony

Make the following nouns plural:
Check your answers here.

## Before you decide to put this book down and have a cuppa...

In addition to everything you've learned this lesson, it is also imperative that you learn the vocab in the "Vowel harmony" section of this test, as it WILL come up later on in another exercise, so write all the words down and learn them. You have been warned...
# Turkmen/Introduction

Contents - Alphabet >>
GIRIŞ Introduction

## About this book

Hoş geldiňiz (IPA: [hoʃ geldiŋið]), or welcome, to the Turkmen Wikibook, perhaps the only learning resource available which can teach you the Turkmen language for free! Besides, isn't that what the wiki philosophy is all about, as well as letting others edit these free resources?! Speaking of the latter, anyone can freely contribute to this growing Wikibook (Turkmen: Wikikitap), so if you would like to add extra content or correct any errors, feel free to do so by clicking on the edit button at the top of the page. It's that simple!

### Characteristics of this book

This book is written in British English, so all the usual rules apply, for example: colour, not color; holiday, not vacation, etc.. It is assumed that those who don't speak British English shouldn't have a problem with this and should be able to understand British English.
The Turkmen in this book is in the Latin script rather than the now-defunt Cyrillic alphabet. However, despite the fact that the Cyrillic alphabet is no longer used to write Turkmen, for those interested, the Alphabet page of this book will touch on it. There can also sometimes be variances in the letters used in Turkmen to denote a particular sound, for example Ňň as opposed to Ññ, or Ýý as opposed to Ÿÿ. In this Wikibook, the letters Ňň and Ýý shall be used.

### The Turkmen language

    See also: Wikipedia:Turkmen language
The Turkmen language is one of the many Turkic languages spoken in Eurasia, thus being similar, at differing levels, to languages such as Azerbaijani, Turkish and Uzbek, among other Turkic languages. It is spoken by approximately 9 million people worldwide; it is spoken by 3,430,000 people in Turkmenistan, and by approximately an additional 5,500,000 people in other countries, including Iran (2,000,000), Iraq (1,500,000), Afghanistan (500,000), and Turkey (1,000,000).
Although knowing another Turkic language is an advantage to learning Turkmen, this book assumes no prior knowledge of any Turkic language at all, so don't worry. In some ways Turkmen is an easy language to learn. Unlike Russian or Spanish, Turkmen has no genders. There are no irregular verbs. For the most part, words are written exactly as they are pronounced. Finally, Turkmen's grammatical case system is remarkably simple once understood, and has almost no exceptions.
The greatest difficulty for beginning Turkmen speakers will probably be adapting to Turkmen's elaborate system of grammatical suffixes, or "tag words" and learning to re-order their speech so that the predicate (verb) is the last thing spoken. Also, many simple English grammatical structures (such as "to have", "to need", or "to be able to") are handled differently in Turkmen.

## Notes

* ↑ In this context, "adding extra content" refers to adding extra content to a particular existing page. If you would like to start a new page, please consult User:Runningfridgesrule, the creator of this Wikibook, before doing so. If he finds that you've added crap to his book, he certainly won't be pleased...
Contents - Alphabet >>
# Turkmen/Lesson One/Exercise

GÖNÜKME Exercise
Translate the phrases below from Turkmen to English. All vocabulary has previously been covered.
* Onyň ejesi.
* Siziň itiňiz.
* Biziň gyzymyz.
* Meniň kakam.
* Olaryň gülü.
* Seniň balykyň.
* Onyň oglany.
* Gurbagamyz.
* Guşuň.
* Adym Sona.
Check your answers here.
Translate the phrases below from English to Turkmen. Any vocabulary not previously covered is given. Also remember that pronouns don't have to be used.
* Your (sing.) face.
* My television.
* Their dog.
* Your (pl.) flower.
* His radio.
* Her hand.
* Our (pl.) hair.
* Their snake.
* My name is Oguldurdy.
* My father's name is Murat.

### Vocab

* ↑ face = ýüz
* ↑ hand = el
* ↑ hair = saç
Check your answers here.

## Conversation

By this stage you should be able to fully comprehend the conversation between Murat and Bahargül. Let's take another look at it:
    Murat: Salam!
    Bahargül: Salam.
    Murat: Siziň adyňyz näme?
    Bahargül: Meniň adym Bahargül. Siziň adyňyz näme?
    Murat: Meniň adym Murat.
Now translate it into English. When you're done, check your answer here.
# Zwunzwuo a̱lyem Tyap ※ Tyap alphabet

The Tyap alphabet (Zwunzwuo A̱lyem Tyap ji) formerly had 39 letters, as drafted by the Tyap Literacy Committee (TLC) during the early 1990s:
* Tyap alphabet: previous basic before 2018
Capital Letters
A A̱ B CH CHY D E F G GB GH GHW GHY H I I̱ J JHY K KH KP L M N NG NY O P R S SH SHY T TS U V W Y Z
Small letters
a a̱ b ch chy d e f g gb gh ghw ghy h i i̱ j jhy k kh kp l m n ng ny o p r s sh shy t ts u v w y z
Phonetic value
a ə b t͡ʃ t͡ʃʲ d e f g g͡b ɣ ɣʷ ɣʲ h i ɪ d͡ʒ ʒʲ k x k͡p l m n ŋ ɲ o p r s ʃ ʃʲ t t͡s u v w j d͡z
However, a current development as of 2018, has the Tyap Basic Alphabetical Chart reduced to 24, as follows:
* Tyap alphabet: new basic
Capital Letters
Small letters
The letter "ch" would henceforth be represented by the symbol "c", without the "h". All others remain the same.
Phonetic value
Pronounce outrightly as :
* Some Tyap words associated with the alphabet
| Letter | Name of letter | Corresponding sounds | as in |
| a | á | /a, ɑː/ | hat, hot |
| b | bi | /b/ | bush |
| c | ci | /tʃ/ | chair |
| d | di | /d/ | dance |
| e | é | /ɛ, eː/ | pen |
| f | fi | /f/ | file |
| g | gi | /g/ | girl |
| h | hi | /h/ | hiss |
| i | í | /ɪ, iː/ | ill |
| j | ji | /dʒ/ | jug |
| k | ki | /k/ | king |
| l | li | /l/ | louse |
| m | mi | /m/ | man |
| n | ni | /n/ | near |
| o | ó | /ɔ, oː/ | hot, old |
| p | pí | /p/ | peace |
| r | ri | /r/ | rat |
| s | si | /s/ | sun |
| t | ti | /t/ | tank |
| u | ú | /u/ | pull |
| w | wi | /w/ | week |
| y | yi | /j/ | yes |
| z | zi | /dz/ | No English equivalent |
<<Back to Home page
On to the next Lesson>>
# Turkmen/Lesson Two

<< Lesson One - Contents - Lesson Three >>
ÝAGDAÝYŇYZ NIÇIK? How are you?
Salam, my Turkmenists! In this lesson we will continue looking at Murat and Bahargül. This time, though, they will be asking each other Ýagdaýyňyz niçik?. Although this translates as "How are you?", it literally means "How is your situation/condition/etc.?" (ýagdaý = condition, state, circumstance, etc.).
    Murat: Salam, Bahargül!
    Bahargül: Salam!
    Murat: Ýagdaýyňyz niçik?
    Bahargül: Ýagşy. Siz?
    Murat: Ajaýyp!
<< Lesson One - Contents - Lesson Three >>
# Tyap/Adjectives
## Adjectives
### Definition and Types

Adjective tells more about a noun,pronoun or adjective.
Types of adjective
* Attributive adjectives: atyong-jyip, kakap/sarai, nggoseam, atan, nyung, gbandang, abobwon, akpa.
Examples:
* Philip yet atan nggoseam
* Atyia nung-wu byia gbandang tsaai
* A yet abwon nggoseam.
* Predicative adjectives:asai-alyia, zanzam, Tsotswat, abwon, Akatuk, asham, dundung.
Examples:
* Atyubishi yet akatuk
* Joy kani yet asham

### Adjective Formation (Bwoi 'Sanggak'):

Adjectives in Tyap language (Tyap Proper dialect) are mainly formed from nouns by the addition of the prefix "a̱-".
* Examples:
| S/N | WORD | ADJECTIVE FORMED |
| 1 | fi̱fan | a̱fi̱fan |
| 2 | tsatsak | a̱tsatsak |
| 3 | shyim | a̱shyim |
| 4 | pyat | a̱pyat |
| 5 | sa̱t | a̱sa̱t |
| 6 | tswotswat | a̱tswotswat |
| 7 | sham | a̱sham |
| 8 | mumwang | a̱mumwang |
| 9 | gba̱za̱zai | a̱gba̱za̱zai |
| 10 | kyenkyai | a̱kyenkyai |
<<Back to previous Lesson
On to the next Lesson>>
# Tyap/Adverbs
## Adverb
### Definition and Types

An adverb tells more about a verb.
Types of adverb
* Adverb of Manner:e.g shenshwuon, makpat, chachaat, ghan, akafiyang
* Adverb of time: manini, atswon, taulyia, kuzang-mam, lyuo, aliyang, nyet gbang-gbang, harmanini,afwun
* Adverb of place: aji, ajau, kpankpan, gban-kayau
* Adverb of degree: gbamgbam
* Adverb of frequency: kuzanjen, nchiring.

### Adverb Formation (Bwoi 'A̱kwa'):

Tyap language adverbs, regardless of dialect are mainly formed from adjectives, as well as from nouns in varying but closely related ways.
* Adverbs can be derived from adjectives by the addition of the prefix "m-".
Examples:
| S/N | WORD | ADVERB FORMED |
| 1 | a‌kyiri‌p | ma‌kyiri‌p |
| 2 | a‌chunchwiit | ma‌chunchwiit |
| 3 | a‌kyenkyai | ma‌kyenkyai |
| 4 | a‌ka‌nka‌rang | ma‌ka‌nka‌rang |
| 5 | a‌za‌nzan | ma‌za‌nzan |
| 6 | a‌kpa‌a‌t | ma‌kpa‌a‌t |
| 7 | a‌tsatsak | ma‌tsatsak |
| 8 | a‌shonshyon | ma‌shonshyon |
| 9 | a‌cha‌chaat | ma‌cha‌chaat |
* Adverbs are again derived from nouns by the addition of the "a̱-" prefix.
Examples:
| S/N | WORD | ADVERB FORMED |
| 1 | mali | a̱mali |
| 2 | tsotswon | a̱tsotswon |
| 3 | ta̱mam | a̱ta̱mam |
| 4 | jenshyung | a̱jenshyung |
| 5 | tyetuk | a̱tyetuk |
* It may as well be formed from a noun through other ways.
Examples:
| S/N | WORD | ADVERB FORMED |
| 1 | sham | a̱nsham |
| 2 | shanshan | ma̱shansham |
<<Back to previous Lesson
On to the next Lesson>>
# Tyap

| TUTU MYIAM A̱LYEM TYAP NZI̱T HUHWA HU | This is our Tyap Language learning class |
| Tyiang a̱toot shi a̱byin Naijeriya (Flag of Nigeria) Head, Nok culture, terracotta, Honolulu Museum of Arts | Tyap (natively: A̱lyem Tyap; exonym: Katab, Kataf) is a Platoid, Benue-Congo, Niger-Congo language of seven main dialects (Fantswam, Gworok, Maba̱ta̱do/Tyap proper, Sholyio, Takad, Tyeca̱rak and Tyuku; with an eighth, Jju – having a different language code but closely related to the Tyap dialects) spoken by a population of over 250,000 in central Nigeria, in an area where the Nok culture (c. BC 1,500 – 500 AD) flourished. |

## Table of contents (A̱tyii nkyangmami)

* Introduction to Tyap (Á̱son a̱lyiat ma̱ Tyap)
** Tyap alphabet
** Tyap numbering system
*** Cardinal numbers
*** Ordinal numbers
*** Numbers according to frequency of occurrence
* Lessons (Tyiet)
*** Lesson 1: Tyiet 1 (Salutations: Byat)
*** Lesson 2: Tyiet 2 = Introducing yourself (What is your name?)
*** Lesson 3: Tyiet 3 = Introducing yourself (Where do you live?)
* Grammar (A̱gi̱rama)
** Vocabulary
** Articles
** Nouns
** Pronouns
** Verbs
** Adverbs
** Adjectives
** Prepositions
** Conjunctions
** Interjections

## Introduction to Tyap (Á̱son a̱lyiat ma̱ Tyap)

* Tyap alphabet
* Tyap Phonology
* Tyap numbering system

## Lessons (Tyiet)

* Lesson 1: Salutations
* Lesson 2: Introducing yourself I (What is your name?)
* Lesson 3: Introducing yourself II (Where do you live?)

## Grammar (A̱gi̱rama)

* Vocabulary
* Articles
* Nouns
* Pronouns
* Verbs
* Adverbs
* Adjectives
* Prepositions
* Conjunctions
* Interjections