OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# General Engineering Introduction/ASEE Paper/External Assessment

The External Assessment Problem
Engineers have supported educational projects through advice, materials, money and review. Project documentation review is all that is needed for external assessment. Once reviews have been accumulated, then some kind of metric can be created. Any other system is going to distort engineering. Engineers want to evaluate projects rather than evaluate individual student portfolios, teachers, courses, or engineering programs.

### Assess Uniqueness

Every project, every problem an engineer encounters is unique whether in school or on the job. Why are all star forts are unique? Why does every McDonald's built require an engineer? Projects need to be unique. Let K-12 and tech programs argue the merits of hot dog launching projects.

### Assess Repeatability

The difference between Edison and Tesla was documentation. The audience of documentation is other engineers. Engineers read documentation with one question in mind, “Could I replicate this?”

### How

Assess by editing wikiversity pages. Change pages if the assessor can clarify, don't penalize. Celebrate communication that leads to clarity, not clarity itself. Don't try to create an assessment rubric. Read and react like an engineer. Read other assessments. Let them inform the current. Wikiversity success is more about process than polishing stagnant information. Wikia has lowered the barrier to document storage, document archiving and document change control … for the planet.
A critical mass of non-engineers is already in wikia. Freshman students named their team “ManBearPig.” A wikiversity editor deleted the team's project page within a day. Students solved the problem with a new name. No track record means no respect, no job. Wikia is already about respect.

### Gain Respect Yourself

Ultimately reviewers of engineering projects will evolve an organization with a promotion process through levels of responsibility and influence. Start as a student. Continue as a working engineer. Help guide engineering assessment throughout the planet.
# General Engineering Introduction

Introductory engineering courses are unique to most engineering colleges. They are introductions to a college's unique engineering programs, projects, and tools. Ethics are negotiated. 24 by 7 access privileges are granted. Engineering deals with the unique, one of a kind, never done before. This course is the common, general part of these unique, specialized introductions. There are several innovations in this course that make it different from most other engineering introduction books. The projects associated with this course are in wikiversity.
Table of Contents :
| FAQ | For Students | For Instructors | Authors & Editors | ASEE Paper | video:Why Wiki Part 1 | video:Why Wiki Part II | video:Wikiversity Introduction |
Engineers Some believe engineers just play with toys. This is partially true.
* Do it First
* Attitude
* Solve Problems
* Golden Ignorance
* Design
Deliverables Materials and manufacturing costs are usually small compared to shipping, marketing, support and design costs.
* Notebooks
* Project Documentation
* Tutorials
* Presentations
* Communication
Design Some believe engineers are jacks of all trades, masters of none. This is partially true.
* Engineering Art
** Feelings Images Attitudes
** Things Meaning Value
** Truth Beauty Goodness
** Idea
** Brainstorm
** Form Function
* Engineering Science
** Units Dimensions
** Approximations
** Error Analysis
** Calculus of Error
** Data
** Calculations
** Requirements
** Theory of Operation
* Engineering Entrepreneur
** CDIO Project States: Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate (CDIO)
** Scope Scale
** Problem Statement
** Decisions
** Research
** Justification
Ethics make Engineering one of the noble professions including Doctors, Lawyers and Preachers
* Philosophy
* Case Studies
* Standards
# General Engineering Introduction/ASEE Paper

ASEE is the American Society for Engineering Education. This is a paper being written for presentation at a meeting Oct. 30, 2011 at Temple University.
Engineers do it First
Abstract “Introduction to Engineering” courses introduce a university's unique programs, projects and tools. Ethics and privileges such as 24 hour by 7 access to tools, materials and rooms are negotiated. Community Colleges don't have the resources, graders, graduate assistants, and multiple professors teaching the course. This paper lists the problems of teaching “Introduction to Engineering” at a Community College. It argues that truly open ended projects can be taught to freshman. It proposes an external assessment process as well as internal grading system. It is inspired by DIY, maker/hacker spaces, wikibooks, and wikiversity. It starts from a new narrative of playing, doing things first, design and problem solving. “Introduction to Engineering” is where students learn “Engineers do it First.”
Outline
    Fear
    Narrative Problem
    Freshman Problem
    Open Ended Project Problem
    Course Management Problem
    Internal Grading
    External Assessment
    What's Next?
# History of Economic Thought/Pre-classical: Before Adam
## Mercantilism

It promotes government regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers. Mercantilism includes a national economic policy aimed at accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods. Historically, such policies frequently led to war and also motivated colonial expansion .
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/Ventura County Line

The Ventura County Line is one of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. It connects Los Angeles Union Station with Ventura to the north, roughly following the route of State Route 118. Trains on the Ventura County Line have 100-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 1). The route operates on weekdays only (Monday-Friday).

## Demographics

| Name of Line | Ventura County Line |
| Route Direction | North-South |
| Inbound Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| Outbound Terminus | East Ventura |
| Rail 2 Rail? | Yes |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | No |
| Rail Connections | Metro Gold, Red, and Purple Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Antelope Valley, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange County, 91, and Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Connnecting shuttle to Bob Hope Airport at Burbank-Bob Hope Airport |
| Number of Stations | 12 |
| Length of Line | 70.9 miles |
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Line

The Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Line is the shortest of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. The line is just a shorter portion of the Ventura County Line. It connects Los Angeles Union Station with Burbank-Bob Hope Airport to the north. Trains on the Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Line have 900-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 9). The route operates on weekdays only (Monday-Friday).
| Name of Line | Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Line |
| Route Direction | North-South |
| Inbound Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| Outbound Terminus | Burbank-Bob Hope Airport |
| Rail 2 Rail? | Yes |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | No |
| Rail Connections | Metro Gold, Red, and Purple Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Antelope Valley, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange County, 91, and Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Connecting shuttle to Bob Hope Airport at Burbank-Bob Hope Airport |
| Number of Stations | 4 |
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/Orange County Line

The Orange County Line is one of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. It connects Los Angeles Union Station with Oceanside to the south, roughly following the route of the Interstate 5. Trains on the Orange County Line have 600-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 6). The route operates 7 days a week.

## Demographics

| Name of Line | Orange County Line |
| Route Direction | North-South |
| Inbound Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| Outbound Terminus | Oceanside |
| Rail 2 Rail? | Yes |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | Yes |
| Rail Connections | Metro Gold, Red, and Purple Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Antelope Valley, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange County, 91, and Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Inland Empire-Orange County Line at all stations between Orange and Oceanside San Diego Coaster (to Downtown San Diego) and Sprinter (to Escondindo) at Oceanside |
| Number of Stations | 14 |
| Length of Line | 87.2 miles |
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/Riverside Line

The Riverside Line is one of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. It connects Los Angeles Union Station with downtown Riverside to the east, roughly following the route of State Route 60. Trains on the Riverside Line have 400-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 4). The route operates on weekdays only (Monday-Friday).

## Demographics

| Name of Line | Riverside Line |
| Route Direction | East-West |
| Inbound Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| Outbound Terminus | Riverside-Downtown |
| Rail 2 Rail? | No |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | No |
| Rail Connections | Metro Gold, Red, and Purple Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Antelope Valley, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange County, 91, and Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Riverside and 91 Lines at Riverside-Downtown |
| Number of Stations | 7 |
| Length of Line | 59.1 miles |
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Stops and Facilities

Rail transportation in LA depends heavily on several major stations. More information about those major stations as well as other stops and facilities are included in this section.
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/Inland Empire-Orange County Line

The Inland Empire-Orange County Line (abbreviated IEOC Line) is one of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. It is the only line that does not terminate at Los Angeles Union Station, instead connecting San Bernardino to Oceanside. Trains on the IEOC Line have 800-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 8). The route operates 7 days a week.

## Demographics

| Name of Line | Inland Empire-Orange County Line (IEOC Line) |
| Route Direction | North-South |
| Inbound Terminus | San Bernardino |
| Outbound Terminus | Oceanside |
| Rail 2 Rail? | Yes (only at stations between Orange and Oceanside) |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | Yes |
| Rail Connections | Metrolink Riverside and 91 Lines at Riverside-Downtown Metrolink Orange County Line at all stations between Orange and Oceanside San Diego Coaster (to Downtown San Diego) and Sprinter (to Escondindo) at Oceanside |
| Number of Stations | 15 |
| Length of Line | 100.1 miles |
# Getting around Los Angeles by Rail/Metrolink/San Bernardino Line

The San Bernardino Line is one of 8 lines on the Metrolink commuter rail system in Southern California. It connects Los Angeles Union Station with San Bernardino to the east, roughly following the route of the Interstate 10. Trains on the San Bernardino Line have 300-series numbers (i.e. The 3-digit train number begins with a 3). The route operates 7 days a week.

## Demographics

| Name of Line | San Bernardino Line |
| Route Direction | East-West |
| Inbound Terminus | Los Angeles Union Station |
| Outbound Terminus | San Bernardino (Note: Certain trains continue to Riverside-Downtown via the Inland Empire-Orange County Line.) |
| Rail 2 Rail? | No |
| Monday-Friday Service? | Yes |
| Saturday-Sunday Service? | Yes |
| Rail Connections | Metro Gold, Red, and Purple Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Antelope Valley, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange County, 91, and Burbank-Bob Hope Airport Lines at Los Angeles Union Station Metrolink Inland Empire-Orange County Line at San Bernardino Station Select trains that run to Riverside-Downtown: Riverside and 91 Lines at Riverside-Downtown |
| Number of Stations | 14 |
| Length of Line | 56.5 miles |
# History of the ODU Art Department/David Johnson

David E. Johnson was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1948. He graduated from Princess Anne High School in 1966 and started attending Old Dominion University that fall. While there, he was a member of the SDS and was kicked out of the university due to his involvement with the group. He then ventured to New York to attend the Rochester Institute of Technology for photography, graduating in 1971. He also studied at the University of New Mexico, and received his MFA in 1977 from University of Colorado at Boulder. He returned home to Virginia that year and started teaching at ODU as an adjunct in photo. Wally Dreyer was the only person teaching the subject at the time, and it wasn't offered as a credited course because Dreyer did not have the proper qualifications to do so. David Johnson became the first full time photography teacher at ODU in 1978. He co-directed the university gallery for 12 yrs and was Graduate Program Director for three years. He spent 30 years teaching at ODU until he retired in 2007. Subsequently, his privileges as professor emeritus have been suspended. He cannot even receive email from university accounts. This blacklisting is an ironic twist of history repeating itself with his original expulsion from ODU.
The photography department at ODU went completely digital in 2000 and abandoned silver print.

## Teaching Philosophy

David Johnson defines art as evidence of a refined dialogue with existence
# History of the ODU Art Department/Dianne deBeixedon

Dianne deBeixedon was born in New York City.
University of Southern Illinois (BFA Art Education/Fibers)
University of Hawaii (Certification to teach Social Studies and English)
University of Georgia (MFA Metal Smithing/Fibers)
Ball State University (Work on her doctorial degree in Art Education)
# History of the ODU Art Department/Ken Daley

Ken Daley is a professor of printmaking at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. He has been on staff at ODU since 1965. He has been chair of the program for fifteen nonconsecutive years. One of his most notable accomplishments is starting the printmaking program.

## Biography

Daley earned a Bachelor of Fines Arts in Graphic Design from the University of the Arts (previously the Philadelphia College of Arts) in 1962. He went on to study at Yale University School of Art and Architecture. In 1964, he received a Master of the Fine Arts in Painting and Printmaking.
Daley is a practicing artist in the community. His work has been shown in national and international shows which have won him several awards. His work is in many private and public collections. He considers himself a “graphic artist,” not just a designer. Much of his work is done in neon.

## Old Dominion University
### Accomplishments

Daley has made a profound impact on the art department during his 43 years at the university. He created and introduced the printmaking program. He helped develop curriculum for both the Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Fine Arts. He has been chair of the program for fifteen nonconsecutive years. He has participated in committee work and has received several university awards.

### Awards

Daley has been the recipient of many awards while employed at ODU including: • Tonelson Award in 1981 • The Charles and Elisabeth Burgess Award for Creative Research • University Professor in 2000

### Visiting Artist

Daley has spent his career at Old Dominion University. He has been a visiting artist at several schools, including Ohio State University, Cornish College of Art in Seattle, Rollins College in Orlando, University of Colorado, and Siena Heights University in Michigan. He also traveled to China to visit the Zhejiang Academy of Art.

## Links

Old Dominion University’s Art Department Home Page
# History of the ODU Art Department/John Roth

John Roth is an art sculpture professor at Old Dominion University. Roth received his Bachelor of Science at Northern Michigan University and teaching certification in both Art Education and Industrial Art Education. He attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1987-1990 and earned a Master of Fine Arts in painting and sculpture. Roth has an active exhibition record including shows in New York, London, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Minneapolis. He has won numerous grants and awards including fellowships from the Wisconsin Arts Board and the Dane County (Madison Wis) Cultural Affairs Commission as well as a faculty summer research grant from ODU. Before graduate study, Roth was employed on dairy farms, in construction, and as a maintenance mechanic in a foundry, a chemical plant and a furniture factory. He also worked in a research and development lab making models, prototypes, lab apparatuses, and performing destructive testing. Before coming to ODU in 2005, Professor Roth was employed as a technician/instructor at Ohio University.
Interview
Q: What do you do to give to your undergraduate students an accurate understanding of the difficulties of an art career? A: I tell them my story. Nothing was ever handed to me. I persevered and kept at it. I took the non prestigious shows to build my resume. It took me a long time to launch a successful academic career.
Q: What do you think about the current sculpture movement (changes)? (Note: we talked about time-based sculpture, altering object sculpture). A: Being a pluralist, I find validity in most sculpture born of rigor. I look forward to having my comfortable notions of sculpture being tested and enjoy the challenges to these notions.
Q: You told me you are more into "object making" art. A: Yes, I define myself as an object maker. My challenge is to bring together concept/feeling with an object that meets my vision. This suits my personality and disposition.
Q: What made you change from painting to sculpture? A: I made the switch midway through graduate school. I had some training and ability manipulating materials as an industrial education major in undergraduate studies. Branching out into 3-D was very enabling in that it opened many possibilities for my ideas which became unfettered by the 2-D format.
Q: Which artist got you into art? A: My mother who is a painter was the first working artist I became aware of. As a kid I was fascinated by the Hudson River school of landscape painting. Early influential sculpture was those done by H C Westermann.
Q: Who is your favorite artist? You mentioned Los Carpinteros, Martin Puryear, H.C. Westermann. A: I loved Los Carpinteros’ works, Tim Hawkinson as well.
# History of the ODU Art Department/Ernie Mauer
## Concentration

Ernie taught color theory and advanced drawing
# History of the ODU Art Department/Greta Pratt

Greta Pratt (born July 17) is an assistant professor of photography at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. She has been teaching since 2007. She is the author of two monographs, Using History and In Search of the Corn Queen.

## Biography

Pratt earned a Bachelor of Fines Arts in Photography and Sculpture from the University of Minnesota in 1984. She went on to study at State University of New York (SUNY) at New Paltz. In 2005, she received her Master of the Fine Arts in Intermedia Design.
Before teaching at Old Dominion University, Pratt taught at SUNY, the International Center of Photography, and Ramapo College. Her photographs have been shown in exhibitions worldwide.

## Old Dominion University
### Accomplishments

Pratt revamped the photography program at Old Dominion University. During her first year of teaching, she restructured the curriculum. She added more photography classes.
During her short time at Old Dominion, Pratt says that the best part of her job is seeing her students learn more over the course of time. She says she is really excited about the program’s growth and believes that it is changing for the better. She sees Old Dominion’s positive development as parallel to that of the growth of the city of Norfolk.

### Future Plans

Pratt’s goal is to bring a dark room back to the photography department.

## Links

Greta Pratt’s Official Website
Old Dominion University’s Art Department Home Page
# History of the ODU Art Department/Kenneth FitzGerald

Kenneth FitzGerald: NSU Joint Graduate Program Kenneth FitzGerald (born December 7, 1960) is an "artist, educator, and writer". Holds the title of Associate Professor of Art and Graduate Program Director in the Art department at Old Dominion University where he teaches in the undergraduate Graphic Design and graduate Visual Studies programs.
BIOGRAPHY Kenneth FitzGerald obtained a Bachelor's of Fine Arts with a concentration in Ceramics at the Massachusetts College of Art in 1983. In 1996 he graduated yet again from Massachusetts College of Arts with a Master's of Fine Arts in Graphic Design. After graduation he went on to teach graphic design at Massachusetts College of Art for 11 years. In August 2001 FitzGerald began working at Old Dominion University as the undergraduate Graphic Design Professor.
Throughout his career at Old Dominion University he has organized three exhibitions in Graphic Design and has participated in the many of the University Gallery installments.
FitzGerald has his own blog, http://www.ephemeralstates.com, in which he writes in frequently and expresses himself as an artist and a writer. You can also find a short write up and information about his classes and other involvements with Old Dominion on the ODU website at http://www.odu.edu/al/kfitzgerald/
SIGNIFICANT STORY On September 11, 2001, the beginning of Kenneth's first semester with Old Dominion, and the day no American will ever forget, Kenneth had a night class. As he was preparing to leave, his daughter who was already tucked into bed for the night asked, "What does dad do"? Before he could explain she quickly answered her own question by saying "Dad goes to sleep with his students"! She exclaimed that she wished she could go with him to make graphic designs like his students. He replied that she couldn't and that he wasn't even sure if there would be students to teach that night. When he arrived at school he was perplexed with the thought all of that had transpired that day as well as the desire of his young daughter to make graphic designs like his students. This brought him to the idea of a typographical assignment about America: post 9/11. AS he looked for examples and references on past tragedies he came across of book that he had always enjoyed but had never had a second thought about. The book was ironically called Skyscraper I love you, this transformed and controlled the meaning of the book as well as his teaching approach for him forever.
# Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places

List of Locations in Spira

## Population Centers

Spira has 2 large cities, 4 smaller villages and several open areas

### Cities

* Bevelle
* Luca

### Villages

* Kilika
* Besaid
* Guadosalam
* Ronso Village

## Wilderness / roads / Open Areas
### Roads / Rivers

* Mi'hen Highroad
* Mushroom Rock
* Djose Road
* Moonflow Road & River

### Wilderness

* Thunder Plains
* Macalania Woods
* Calm Lands
* Zanarkand
* Mt. Gagazet
# Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Calm Lands
## Open Areas

* Calm Lands
* Cave of the Stolen Fayth
* Chocobo Ranch / Monster Arena

## Secret Areas

* Remien Temple - Temple of Magus
* Amazing Chocobo Dungeon

## Gallery

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# Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Gagazet
## Open Areas

* Mountain Trails
* Gagazet Summit
* Fayth Scar

## Secret Areas

* Floating Ruins

### Mt. Gagazet:

Floating ruins, palace detail,
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