# Dutch/Lesson 10

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* Intermediate level: cycle 3
Lesson 10 ~ Lesson 10
Meer over werkwoorden ~ More about verbs
* • Doe het licht uit.
* • Grammar:Separable verbs

## Gesprek-10

Vocabulary 1. verbs :
| noicon uitdoen | noicon deed uit | noicon uitgedaan | extinguish, switch off |
| noicon opruimen | noicon ruimde op | noicon opgeruimd | clean up |
| noicon opleveren | noicon leverde op | noicon opgeleverd | deliver produce, yield |
| noicon afmaken | noicon maakte af | noicon afgemaakt | finish finialize |
Vocabulary 2. nouns :
| het karweitje | fixing job |
| de stroom | current, electricity |
| de rekening | bill |
| keurig | neat, well groomed |
| bezorgd | worried |
Vocabulary 3. rest :
| straks | in a moment |
| weer | again |
| even | quickly |
    Jan heb je het licht uitgedaan?
       John, did you switch off the light?
    Nee schat, ik doe het straks wel uit, ik heb dat karweitje nog niet afgemaakt.
       No darling, I'll switch it off later, I have not finished fixing it yet.
    Maar Jan, dat levert zo weer een dikke stroomrekening op. Wanneer ga je het afmaken?
       But John, that will give us a hefty power bill again. When are you going to be done?
    Ik moet alleen even naar de WC, dan ga ik weer naar beneden.
       I just need to go to the bathroom, then I'll go downstairs again.
    Als je het af hebt, ruim je dan ook even op?
       Once you're done, do you clean up?
    Ja hoor, wees maar niet bezorgd, alles wordt keurig opgeruimd.
       Yes sure, don't worry, everything will be cleaned up.

## Grammatica 10-1 ~ Separable verbs

A lot of verbs in English have fixed adverbial complements and a comparable association often holds in Dutch. Compare:
    the bomb went off.
    de bom ging af.
    the light went on.
    het licht ging aan.
In English one could consider to go off as the infinitive of a distinct verb. In Dutch the association is even stronger, because in some of the forms of such a verb, e.g. the infinitive, the adverb af is actually written as a prefix. This becomes clear in the future tense:
    the bomb will go off.
    de bom zal afgaan.
This means that there are two types of prefixes to a Dutch verb: inseparable ones (such as be-) and separable ones (like af-). The first kind we have seen before:
    bedoelen - to mean
    hij bedoelde
    hij heeft bedoeld
The primitive tenses of a separable verb look like:
| noicon afgaan | noicon ging af | noicon afgegaan |
    afgaan
    het ging af
    het is afgegaan.
Notice that the separable verb does take the ge- marker of the past participle whereas the inseparable ones do not.
There is another difference, at least in the spoken language: the accent of the word lies on the prefix if it is separable, i.e. one says áfgaan, but bedóélen.
Some prefixes can occur both separably and inseparably such as door- (through, by) and voor- (for,before) and in some cases there are two different verbs that look deceptively the same, one separable, the other not, with different meanings. In the spoken language they differ by word accent, but this is not visible in the written one unless accents are deliberately added to avoid confusion. Compare:
| noicon vóórkomen | noicon kwam voor | noicon voorgekomen |
| noicon voorkómen | noicon voorkwám | noicon voorkómen |
    vóórkomen - kwam vóór - vóórgekomen - to occur
    voorkómen - voorkwám - voorkómen - to prevent
    de kluut komt meer in Nederland voor dan in Engeland.
    wij moeten er het verdwijnen van zien te voorkomen.
       the Avocet is more numerous in the Netherlands than in England. (lit. ...occurs more in NL than...)
       we have to prevent its disappearance.
Notice that just like in the case of the pronominal adverb ervan that translates its, the two parts of the separable verb can end up rather far apart in the sentence.
What we have seen earlier about inversion still applies:
    Komt de kluut hier meer voor? - inversion in question
    Gelukkig komt de kluut hier nog steeds voor. - gelukkig put in front for reasons of emphasis.
Another example:
    een school dóórlopen - to walk through a school building (takes 5 minutes)
    een school doorlópen - to absolve one's education at a school (takes 5 years).
    Hij liep het gebouw dóór - he traversed the building
    Hij doorlíép het gymnasium - he graduated from a grammar school
All verbs in this exercise are separable
    (a)Put the verb in the present tense (o.t.t.) and in the right location
    Example:
    Ik mijn moeder.[opbellen]
    Ik bel mijn moeder op.
    Watch out for inversion!
    1 Het niet altijd, maar toch we goed met hem. [meevallen - samenwerken]
    2 Hij dat alles op onwaarheid berust. [volhouden]
    3 Dit idee hem niet. [loslaten]
    4 Als we deze weg nemen, we zeker vijf kilometer. [omlopen]
    5 Hoe vaak dit ? [voorkomen]
    6´De boodschap niet goed. [overkomen]
    7 Hij met grote stappen de tuin [dóórlopen]
    8 Gewoonlijk de verkoop veel meer [opleveren]
(a)1 Het valt niet altijd mee, maar toch werken we goed met hem samen.
    2 Hij houdt vol dat alles op onwaarheid berust.
    3 Dit idee laat hem niet los.
    4 Als we deze weg nemen, lopen we zeker vijf kilometer om.
    5 Hoe vaak komt dit voor?
    6 De boodschap komt niet goed over.
    7 Hij loopt met grote stappen de tuin door.
    8 Gewoonlijk levert de verkoop meer op.
(b)Put the verb in the past tense o.v.t. and in the right location
    Example:
    Ik mijn moeder.[opbellen]
    Ik belde mijn moeder op.
    1 Ze hun zaak aan hun oudste zoon.[overgeven]
    2 Hij geen enkel pijltje.[misgooien]
    3 Ik de helft [overslaan]
    4 Na jarenlang tevergeefs vechten voor de goede zaak hij het uiteindelijk. [opgeven]
    5 De auto een fietser [aanrijden]
    6 Mopperend hij het licht [uitdoen]
    7 Waarom hij de kamer niet [opruimen]
    8 Het in die tijd veel dat mensen van tuberculose stierven [vóórkomen]
(b) 1 Ze gaven hun zaak aan hun oudste zoon over.
    2 Hij gooide geen enkel pijltje mis.
    3 Ik sloeg de helft over.
    4 Na jarenlang tevergeefs vechten voor de goede zaak gaf hij het uiteindelijk op.
    5 De auto reed een fietser aan
    6 Mopperend deed hij het licht uit.
    7 Waarom ruimde hij de kamer niet op?
    8 Het kwam in die tijd veel voor dat mensen van tuberculose stierven.

## Relationship to the prepositional adverbs

In fact the comparison between pronominal adverbs and separable verbs is rather pertinent. We will revisit that in Les 17 Many prepositional adverbs occur both as part of pronominal adverbs and of separable verbs:
    meelopen met... => loop mee met ... (to march along with) (verbal separation)
    met alles => overal mee (with everything) (pronominal replacement)
    aanzitten aan ... (to partake in an official dinner party)
    aan alles => overal aan (at everything) (pronominal replacement)
Thus, occasionally the same prepositional adverb appears twice at the end of the phrase:
    hij liep overal mee mee. (he went along with anything at all)
    hij zat overal aan aan. (he was a high level social tiger)
The latter should not be confused with:
    hij zat overal aan. (he could not keep his hands off of anything)
    zitten aan (to touch, to not being able to keep your hands off something.)
The comedian Toon Hermans exploited this oddity once to great effect in one of his One Man Shows.
Although many of the prefixes of separable verbs are indeed prepositional adverb, this does not hold for all of them. Sometimes a separable verb results from compounding with e.g. a noun such as in koffiedrinken:
    koffiedrinken - dronk koffie - koffiegedronken
The verb means a bit more than to consume coffee. "Koffiedrinken" means getting together e.g. with your neighbors to have something to drink (and eat), not necessarily coffee.

## Subclauses

Recall from lesson 9: Dag meneer, zou u mij kunnen zeggen waar ik mijn paspoort zou kunnen laten verlengen?
    Why does the word zou not follow the personal pronoun ik as it would in English? The reason is that the sentence starting with waar is a dependent subclause and in Dutch these subclauses have their own word order.
In a dependent subclause, e.g. a clause that starts with dat ("that") the separated forms of a separable verb also reunite
    ik doe het licht uit. - I switch the light off.
    ik zeg "dat" ik het licht uitdoe. - I say "that" I switch off the light.
Notice also the peculiar position of the verb in the subclause: it moves to the end of the phrase in its entirety.
We will look at the word order in subclauses in detail in the next lesson and we will revisit this complication in word order for separable verbs in particular in lesson 18.

## Story 10 - De bruiloft

Vocabulary :
| vertrekken | to depart |
| het huwelijk | matrimony |
| meenemen | take along |
| natuurlijk | natural(ly) |
| het pak | suit |
| beleven | to experience |
| de herinnering | memory |
| overhouden | to retain, keep |
| wonen | to live |
| afnemen | to decrease; to take off |
| de bruiloft | wedding |
| de getuige | witness |
| optreden | to act as |
| onmiddellijk | immediately |
| opbellen | to call (phone) |
| afslaan | to reject, to turn down |
| de relatie | relation |
| uitmaken | to break off; to extinguish |
| de pret | fun |
| drukken | to press, to depress |
| boeken | to book, make reservation |
| vreemd | strange |
| lastigvallen | to inconvenience |
| aankomen | to arrive |
| aanmelden | to report at |
Friday evening he left for Groningen because the next day, for the next day his best friend would get married. He did not take a lot with him, bu of course he did take his best suit. He had experienced a lot together with Sjoerd in their student days and he had kept a lot of good memories from that. After he moved to Schiedam because he had found work there, their contacts had diminished a bit. But when he was invited to attend the wedding and to act as witness he had called immediately to say that he could not turn that down of course. Ilse was a nice girl and he was happy for Sjoerd. He had just broken off a relation himself, but that could not spoil the fun.
He had made reservations for a hotel on the Hanze Square. Strange to book a hotel in Groningen, but he did not want to inconvenience his friends.
A few hours later he arrived and reported at the reception of the hotel.
    Good evening. I have a reservation, my name is Diederiksen.
       A moment. Yes, that's correct. You want to stay one night?
    Yes.
       Just fill this out. Here is a pen.
He filled out the little form and gave back the pen.
       Good. Room 102 on the second floor. The lift is there at the end, next to the stairs. Breakfast is down here in the room next door
    'Thanks
He picked up his suitcase, walked up the stairs and went to his room.

## Quizlet

The vocabulary of the lesson can be practiced at Quizlet (57 terms)

## Progress made

Cumulative term count:
* Beginner level: 1053 terms
* Lesson 9: 139 terms
* Lesson 10: 53 terms

### Total number of terms

    1245