OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. Bxf7/4...Kxf7/5. Nxe5/5...Nxe5
## Nxe5

This is the obvious response. It seems that black has won 2 pieces, but white will regain one. He will then be a piece down for two pawns with no compensation, however. Since Black has many replies after 6.d4, all of which retain a winning position, the most popular move is 6.Qh5+.

## Theory

| Qh5+ Ke6!? | -/+ |
| d4 | -/+ |
# Giuoco Piano
## 4... Nf6
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. O-O Nf6
| 5 | 6 |
| c3 O-O | d4 | = |
| d3 O-O | Nc3 | = |
| d4 Bxd4 | Nxd4 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Giuoco Piano
## 5. c3
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. O-O Nf6 5.c3
| 5 | 6 |
| ... O-O | d4! | = |
| ... Nxe4 | d3 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Jerome Gambit
## 4...Kxf7!

Black has a clear advantage. White will attempt to mate the black king with a series of checks, but with proper play black will come out ahead. His bishop pair and lead in development make it impossible to find enough compensation.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. Bxf7 Kxf7
| | 5 |
| Jerome Gambit | Nxe5+ | =+ |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. Bxf7/4...Kxf7/5. Nxe5
## Nxe5+

This move sacrifices another piece, but White will soon get it back with d4 or Qh5+. He will have got a second pawn for the piece, but he would lost the bishop pair and his own king is not out of the center. Therefore, the compensation is not nearly enough and black is close to winning. Do not sacrifice unless you see reason. Here, white didn't have enough development to attack the king successfully.

## Theory

| | 5.Nxe5+ | 6.Qh5+ |
| Jerome Gambit | Nxe5 | Ke6!? |
# Exercise as it relates to Disease/Interventions to improve cardiovascular health in primary school children

This is the critique of the journal article: Harrell, J. S. et al., 1999. A Public Health vs a Risk-Based Intervention to Improve Cardiovascular Health in Elementary School Children: The Cardiovascular Health in Children Study. American Journal of Public Health, 89(10), pp. 1529-1535.
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 29

Today in 1974 was the announcement of the first commercially successful personal computer, the Altair 8800, which started the microcomputer revolution.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 7

Today in 2013 Open-Source Lab by Joshua M. Pearce was published.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 3

Today in 2008 version 1.0 of the free video format Theora was released. It provided the world with a viable alternative to patent-encumbered video compression technology, but it was a step behind in terms of quality versus compression and therefore found only limited acceptance.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 30

Today is International Computer Security Day. Go install some Linux systems, make backups and teach someone about password security and software updates!
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 4

Today in 1952 millions of people got introduced to electronic computers when the television network CBS calculated an accurate prediction of the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower on their fifth build of a UNIVAC I system. When the machine predicted against all other predictions, the head of the news team decided to hush up the exact prediction, until the actual result fell within 1 % and an embarrassed newscaster admitted the cover-up.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 5

Today in 2001 the first Audio CD was released that was intentionally corrupted for copy protection purposes, using a scheme called “Cactus Data Shield”, without properly informing users. Forced by disgruntled buyers, the Bertelsmann Music Group started replacing the disks two weeks later.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 28

Today in 1964 the Mariner 4 spacecraft was launched. It was the first mission to transmit pictures over interplanetary distances and the first to take close-up photos of another planet. Data arrived at 8.5 bits per second, and the first graphical representation of the data was hand-painted, paint-by-numbers style.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 6

Today is Alexandra Elbakyan’s birthday. She is a hacker who became known for starting SciHub.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 8

Today in 1956 the Hush-A-Phone v. United States case was decided. According to the decision, it is allowed to physically connect any device to the U.S. telephone network that does not interfere with its operation. In 1968 the FCC extended this privilege to electrical connections to the network. The ruling is considered a landmark for network neutrality, as it enables network use other than that intended by its operator, such as the use of answering machines.
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/November 9

Today in 1984 the 1984 Hackers’ Conference started. It hosted influential discussions about the values of the hacker movement.
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# Claymation

Claymation (or stop motion animation) can be achieved with simple tools. The following are steps in creating the ultimate claymation short film or movie.
To create animation you need the following,

## Camera

A simple digital camera would be the ultimate way to create a animated movie. In the movie Corpse Bride, they purchased a 16 megapixel camera for their shooting. You can also use a movie camera, or a web cam. (You could go out and purchase a professional animation camera). A film camera, will take hundreds of rolls of film. So If its a low budget project, stick to digital. If you are doing it film, do it with a professional animation camera. Don't forget to purchase a tripod! Without one, animating will seem impossible.

## Editing

If you are going digital, you need a computer. I prefer a Mac, but a PC will do just fine. Macs come with all the software to make your own home movie! Then get an editing software for your clips. iMovie comes free with MacOSX. Next, if you are adding voices to your feature, get a good microphone. Last thing, you will need very much disk space. A short film takes under four gigabytes!

## Story

* Script
* Story Boarding
* Animatics (optional)

## Modeling

* Sets
* Props
* Clay Puppets
Most amateur animators tend to just go out and buy some clay, but there are many to choose from. I can't tell you what exactly to buy, but make sure you buy all the same brand, or the clay figurines will all be slightly different colours. you can also build or buy an armature. An armature is basically a skeleton for your clayman. you can make these by just bending some aluminium wire to fit your model, or buy an armature from lots of leading brands such as stop mo tec armatures, which I would recommend, or armabenders armatures. you can buy stikfas from www.stikfas.com. you will find out what these are on the site. If you are a seasoned animator and are looking for something more, try buying a guide on how to make foam latex puppets on www.animateclay.com. Foam latex is a substitute for clay, which looks more professional and does not have fingerprints all over them. These things can be made easily and are a brilliant way to kick up your animation a notch.
But whatever you do, you must concentrate while making a model. You better consult some books on anatomy, this really helps.
# Climate Change/Causes

Many believe that $CO_{2}$ and other greenhouse gases (chlorofluorocarbons, methane, sulfur hexafluoride) cause global warming.
* Observed trend in global mean surface temperature
* Observed radiative imbalance at top-of-atmosphere
* Rising atmospheric concentration of $CO_{2}$
* Rising sea level due to thermal expansion of sea-water.

## Criticism

Some people, for a variety of reasons, claim to have found faults with the hypothesis that humans are affecting Earth's climate. While we strive to present any legitimate criticism of the scientific principles where they are presented, this section includes some specific issues that are commonly cited as reasons that humans are not or could not change the climate.
* Lack of scientific consensus
    One of the most common arguments against human induced climate change is a supposed lack of scientific consensus. While there were many skeptical scientists in the past, as the evidence has mounted (especially using satellite-based data), even the most ardent skeptics have come to the determination that humans are changing the climate. One recent study found no instances in the peer-reviewed literature of a study on climate change stating that global warming is either fictitious or purely natural Oreskes, N., Science, 2004, 306(5702), DOI: 10.1126/science.1103618. See also Scientific Consensus.
* The Earth's surface obtains energy from four primary natural sources: space (predominantly solar radiation), the molten core of the Earth, anthropogenic processes that generate excess heat, and radiation from the atmosphere. The second (geothermal heat) is known to be trivially small; the third (direct excess heat) is not as important as increases in the fourth, the energy retention (called the "greenhouse effect"), that is the property of retention heat that could be lost to space due to changes in the atmosphere or surface characteristics, this retention today is mostly due to increases in CO2 levels and receding reflective surfaces like ice or snow. So while indications seems to point to human activities and it is nice to think that changing our energy consumption habits will stop global warming, consideration is needed to account that climate change can be driven by processes that we may have little control over.
* Others, like Bill Ruddiman (U VA) think that we are overdue for an ice age, based on orbital parameters.
# Classroom Management and Discipline/Starting Out

Design, scheduling and other social-environmental factors all come into play when creating a positive behavior environment. Early intervention involves designing a classroom that encourages pro-social behavior and allows each student some sense of ownership, security, and belonging. Let's consider the various levels of design and how student behavior is influenced by each.

## How Classroom Design Matters

How do you want people to feel when they enter your room? What types of signals are conveyed by how your classroom is arranged?

## Scheduling Considerations

How much time do you give your students to process directions? How much down time do you give your students?

## Knowing Your Students

Know each one of them by their name. When you talk to them or about them look them in the eye so they know that you know their names. Also getting to know the different personalities of each of them will help you in class. Apportion tasks to them at times to draw them out ( for the shy, quiet types), help them burn some energy ( the very active ones) and generally just to give them a feel that they matter to you and belong somewhere.
# Climate Change/Causes/Scientific Consensus

Many of the conclusions in climate science are based on direct observations of the climate system, such as temperature, humidity, and winds. Over the years, our observations have become more accurate, more precise, and more expensive. Beginning in the late 1970s, satellite observations of the atmosphere and surface of Earth began to shed light on global-average quantities in a way that was impossible before. Even with the knowledge gained from space-borne instruments, there are uncertainties, especially of older data.
The best reconstructions of past climate give a picture of surface temperature that has risen extremely rapidly since the middle 20th century.
For many years there was much controversy over whether anthropogenic climate change was a reality or not, but as evidence has mounted almost all of the scientific skeptics have accepted that humans are affecting climate. As it stands now, there is resounding scientific consensus Oreskes, Science 2004, 306(5702), DOI: 10.1126/science.1103618 that humans are the leading contribution to global warming.
Some economists believe that drastic limitations on production are potentially economically damaging. Others have begun to come forward with more lucrative ideas for how to curb greenhouse gas emissions, which is a difficult and complex task.

## External Links

* Oreskes, Science 2004, 306(5702), DOI: 10.1126/science.1103618
# Climate Change/External Links
## External Links

* National Energy Foundation Home
* CO$_2$ calculator
* MIT's Global Change website
* Global Warming
* A distributed computing project to predict climate change
* Pew Center on Global Climate Change - news, explanation, policy, and activism
* The Climate Ark is a Climate Change Portal and Search Engine
* Introduction to climate change... good for younger audience too.
* US Global Change Research Program
* Canada's introduction, including Kyoto Protocol information
* Local effects of climate change
* RealClimate
* Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
# Final Fantasy IV/Excalibur Sword
## Retrieve the Rat Tail

The first step in obtaining the Excalibur sword is to retrieve the Rat Tail from the Cave of Monsters. Go into the cave and continue on until you reach the area where the monsters live. For assistance in traversing the cave go to that section of the walkthrough. Go immediately to the left when you reach that area, and continue around the circle until you see another staircase. Go down the stairs, then back up the stairs, turn around and open the chest behind you to get the Rat tail. Exit the cave.

## Adamant Cave

Exit the underworld, and fly to Mythril (assuming you are in the airship capable of holding the hovercraft). Fly south to the string of small islands, and drop the aircraft and land on the one that has mountains and a small town. From there, take the hovercraft to the island with a cave on it. Enter the cave, and when prompted give the Rat Tail to the people in the cave. They will give you the Adamant.

## Visit the Smithy

Return to the underground in the airship. Fly to the bottom right hand corner of the map, and land near the small cluster of houses. Inside it is a single house. Go into this house, and down the stairs to the right. Use the adamant on the dwarf in the bed.

## Obtain the Sword

The Smithy will begin to forge the sword immediately on the first floor. If you have not yet been to the moon, he will tell you it is not ready. But once you have been to the moon he will give it to you when you speak to him.
# Final Fantasy IV/Locations/Misty Valley

The Misty Valley is, as the name suggests, a valley perpetually shrouded by a heavy fog. It is near the village of Mist. Often, Summoned Monsters are rumored to reside in the Misty Valley. Regardless of the reason, the Valley is a perilous place for those who are not prepared for danger.
# Final Fantasy IV/Locations/Mysidia

Mysidia is a city ruled by its Elder that is the target of an attack by the Red Wings. The Red Wings attack Mysidia to gain the Crystal of Water that the Mysidians possess, killing three Mysidian wizards and injuring the Elder in the process.

## Citizens

* Elder
# Final Fantasy IV/Locations/Mist

Mist is a village.
Cecil is ordered to carry a Package to Mist after he is removed from command of the Red Wings after the attack on Mysidia.
# Final Fantasy IV/Gameplay
## Characters

As you play Final Fantasy IV, you will constantly have new characters join your party and old characters leave it. At any time, you can have anywhere from one to five characters in your party, as determined by the plot. In some versions of the game, you can pick which party members face the final boss. Otherwise, it's out of your hands.
Different characters bring their own talents to the table. Furthermore, the game is designed so that your party will be capable of dealing with any challenges it faces where you need to go. Just be sure to learn your characters' new abilities.

## Getting Around

The overworld of Final Fantasy IV consists of a variety of terrain, such as grasslands and forests. Players gain access to various vehicles throughout the course of the game, which may aid them in their travels. When the player reaches a special location, such as a town or a dungeon, the game zooms from the overworld map into a new map for the specific location. This is where most of the notable events in the game occur, including story segments, boss fights, and problem solving. Towns will sell items and equipment, and provide lodging for a small fee to restore your party's health.
When wandering throughout the overworld and in dungeons, you will fight random encounters. The enemies you face in these encounters depend on the area of the world you are currently traveling in and the terrain. Oceans and rivers have their own set of enemies. There are no random encounters while riding on the airship or in towns.

### Saving

The game may be saved at any time in the overworld. In locations, special spots can be found midway through dungeons and locations. Be sure to save often, especially in dungeons, where a save spot is often a sign of a tough fight coming up.

## Combat

Combat in Final Fantasy IV uses an Active Time system. Characters charge up a bar over time, and when the bar is full, the player can give them a command. If the game mode is set to Active, the bar charges at all times, even while in menus. Enemies also charge up this way, meaning that players should make their decisions as soon as possible. You can also set the game mode to Wait to halt the flow of battle while in menus.
Although different characters have different abilities, a few commands are common. For instance, all characters can Attack an enemy to inflict physical damage with their weapons or use Items. Characters can Defend to reduce damage taken or use the Row command to either get behind other party members to take less damage, or go in front of other members to maximize physical attack power.
Characters have Health Points, or HP. Battles are won when the enemy's HP are reduced to zero, and they disappear. If a party member loses all their HP, they fall, and cannot fight again until they are healed in or out of battle using specific items or magic.
# Final Fantasy IV/Giant of Babil
## Enter the Giant

As you arrive back at Earth, you will land automatically and all of your friends will arrive to stop the giant in its tracks. This will allow you to get inside the giant. When you regain control of your party, you are inside of the giant.

## Inside the Giant

First head straight ahead and into the staircase, then through the next staircase. In the next large room, follow the path around, until you reach a point where the path forks. Go up and to the left and you will find the next staircase.

## Stomach

In the stomach, there are three paths ahead of you. Go to the middle path (head to the right, then the first path you reach). Head around the room until you reach the next staircase.

## Four Elements

In the passage, simply follow the path, use the save point you come to, then go on ahead to the next staircase. Inside the lung, walk forward, and you will be drawn into battle with the 4 elements once again. Use the same weaknesses from earlier in the game (Milon-fire, Cainazzo-Lit, Rubicant-Ice).

## CPU

Once you have defeated the 4 elementals again, you can continue on to the next staircase. In that room is the CPU. There is a very specific way you must fight this enemy. First you must kill the small ball on the bottom. This is a defender who will otherwise heal the large CPU. Then you must NOT kill the other small orb, or the large CPU will attack you with a devastating spell. Once the defender and the large CPU is dead, you can kill the last one.
Because the CPU uses Wall and because you can't kill the Attacker orb, Rydia's best spell for this fight is the Sylph summon.

## Kain

After defeating the CPU, Golbez will appear in time for FuSoYa to bring him back to normal. He will reveal that Zemus is responsible for controlling him. Finally Kain will get you out of the giant and rejoin your party. The ship will fly back to the moon.

## Optional Sidequest

This would be a good point to attempt attaining both call spells Odin and Bahamut.
# Final Fantasy IV/Key items/Package

The Package is an item that Cecil is ordered to carry to Mist by the King of Baron after he is stripped of leadership of the Red Wings because of perceived insubordination.
# Final Fantasy IV/Locations

| | A | B |
| 1 | File:FF4 Overworld p1.png | File:FF4 Overworld p2.png |
| 2 | File:FF4 Overworld p3.png | File:FF4 Overworld p4.png |

## Baron

The starting location.

## Mist

Connected to Baron by the Mist cave, and home to the Callers.
* In the North west building, look for a secret behind the fireplace. You can get a Change Rod and Tiera. However, you can only effectively find this after getting the airship.

## Kaipo

A small city located near an oasis. Initially, you bring Rydia here after the incident at Myst, and discover that Rose is here as well.
Contains an inn and stores.

## Damcyan

A city in the desert north of Kaipo. It gets bombed as you approach, with the crystal taken away. You can use pots of HP and MP recovery here.
It's an intermediate point between Kaipo and Mt. Hobs, as well as the nearby antlion cave.

## Mysidia

A city in the far northwest filled with magic users.

## Toroian

A Matriarchy, was guarding the Crystal of Earth before the Dark Elf stole it.

## Dark Elf Cave

The cave surrounded by dense forest northeast of Toroia. While traversing this cave, any metallic weapon a character is holding causes them to be paralyzed in battle (same effect as Hold). Bows and arrows, staves, and rods are really the only weapons that can be used here, so it's advisable to run from combat when necessary.

## Tower of Zot

Note: You can only visit this place once.

## Agart

Contains a well that's allegedly bottomless.

## Giott

Home of the dwarves, located in the underworld.

## Tower of Babil

Note: You can visit this place twice, however, you are exploring different sections. You fight Dr. Rugae here, and fight Rubicant in the upper section.

## Bahamut Cave

Found on the Lunar Subterrane.

## Lunar Lair

The final cave of the game.

## Eblam

This is a small ruined castle near the Tower of Zot. It contains a few items, including a Slumber Sword and a Drain Spear in the left and right towers. There is also a backdoor escape route containing an elixer.
Some of the chests are not directly reachable; they are either accessed from hidden stairs, or by walking along the outside of the tower.