# Scouting/BSA/Insect Study Merit Badge
## Requirement 1

    Do the following:
    a. Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards associated with exposure to ants and bees and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these hazards.
    b. Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock.

## Requirement 2

    Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show the differences between insects, centipedes, and spiders.
Insects
* Segmented bodies (head/thorax/abdomen)
* Antennae
* Compound eyes
* Excretory and Reproductive systems are on the abdomen; excretion directly effects osmoregulation
* An exoskeleton made of chitin
* Six segmented legs
Centipedes
* 15-173 segments
* Mostly nocturnal
Spiders
* Eight-legged
* Produce silk
* No wings
* Two body segments (cephalothorax/abdomen)

## Requirement 3

    Point out and name the main parts of an insect.

## Requirement 4

Describe the characteristics that distinguish the principal families and orders of insects.

## Requirement 5

a.Observe 20 different live species of insects in their habitat. In your observations, include at least four orders of insects.
b.Make a scrapbook of the 20 insects you observe in 5a. Include photographs, sketches, illustrations, and articles. Label each insect with its common and scientific names, where possible. Share your scrapbook with your merit badge counselor.
Orders (all) :
| Subclass Apterygota | wingless |
| Symphypleona - globular springtails | |
| Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) | long body that tapers at dorsal end, body covered in small scales, many-segmented antennae, three cerci (middle one largest) Symphypleona |
| Dicondylia | |
| Thysanura (common bristletails) | long antennae, long body tapered in middle, three cerci of equal length, outer two extending away from body, small compound eyes or eyeless Symphypleona |
| Subclass Pterygota | winged (or "secondarily wingless") |
| Ephemeroptera (mayflies) | freshwater insects, brief adult life |
| Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) | catch prey in flight, two pairs of independent wings, long tails, large round heads with large eyes |
| Blattodea (cockroaches) | thorax covered by a plate (pronotum), chewing mouthparts, flat, oval shape |
| Mantodea (mantids) | hardened forewings, long, slender body, triangular head with distinctive ocelli |
| Isoptera (termites) | social insects that eat wood, antennae as long as head |
| Zoraptera | |
| Grylloblattodea | |
| Dermaptera (earwigs) | large wings folded under short, leathery wings |
| Plecoptera (stoneflies) | |
| Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) | incomplete metamorphosis |
| Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas) | hardened forewings which cover hind wings, filiform antennae |
| Embioptera (webspinners) | front tarsi large, contains silk glands, short legs, 2 short cerci, unequal in length in females |
| Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) | |
| Psocoptera (booklice, barklice) | soft bodies, large heads with protruding eyes |
| Phthiraptera (lice) | wingless parasites |
| Hemiptera (true bugs) | piercing and sucking mouthpieces present throughout life cycle |
| Thysanoptera (thrips) | fringed wings |
| Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies, etc.) | 2 pairs of equal wings, held over the head when at rest, filiform antennae which taper to the end |
| Raphidioptera (snakeflies) | |
| Neuroptera (net-veined insects) | four membranous, veiny wings, chewing mouthparts, forewings and hindwings are the same size |
| Coleoptera (beetles) | forewings are hard shells |
| Strepsiptera (twisted-winged parasites) | insect parasites |
| Mecoptera (scorpionflies, etc.) | long antennae, mandibulate mouthparts located at the end of a beak-like projection |
| Siphonaptera (fleas) | parasites of mammal or bird blood, enlarged hind legs, strong tarsal claws |
| Diptera (true flies) | hind wings are halteres, large compound eyes, short antennae |
| Trichoptera (caddisflies) | two unequal pairs of wings, covered in fine hairs and held over the abdomen at rest, reduced mouthparts |
| Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) | four stage lifecycle, one ocelli above each eye |
| Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, etc.) | females have hardened ovipositor, mostly social insects |
Families (not all) :
| Cicadidae | Cicadas; eyes set far apart, well-veined wings |
| Cercopidae | froghoppers; larvae produce a protective covering with plant sap |
| Psyllidae | Jumping plant lice; mouthparts located at rear of head |
| Cupedidae | Square pattern of "windows" on elytra |
| Anoplura | Sucking lice |
| Rhyncophthirina | Mouthparts adapted to pierce thick elephant and warthog skin |
| Ischnocera | Avian parasites |
| Amblycera | Do not permanently attach to hosts |
| Culicidae | Mosquitoes; mouthparts adapted to pierce skin and suck blood |
| Heliomyzidae | Sun flies |
| Lauxanidae | |
| Syrphidae | Hoover flies |
| Geometridae | Loopers; forewings broad and triangular, hind wings almost equal, rest all day with wings outstretched and flat |
| Noctuidae | Noctuids, cutworms, armyworms; eyes reflect orange light, nocturnal |
| Pyralidae | Pyralid moths; long legs, proboscis covered in scales and beak-like |
| Lycaenidae | Blues, coppers, hairstreaks; mostly with flattened antennal club |
| Nymphalidae | Admirals, browns, fritillaries; small, hairy forelegs, long hind legs |
| Pieridae | Whites, yellows; |
| Vespidae | Social wasps and potter wasps; wings folded longitudinally over body when at rest |
| Formicidae | Ants; wingless, with elbowed antennae and a long scape |
| Apidae | Bees; have hairy legs and pollen baskets, mouthparts specialized into tongues |
| Ichneumonidae | Ichneumon wasps; long, thin ovipositor |
| Pergidae | Sawflies; do not have the wasp waist, ovipositor saw-like |
| Sphecidae | Sand wasps and mud daubers; mostly solitary |
| Pompilidae | Spider wasps; flick wings while hunting, move using short hops |

## Requirement 6

    Compare the life histories of a butterfly and a grasshopper. Tell how they are different.

## Requirement 7

    Raise an insect through complete metamorphosis from its larval stage to its adult stage (eg, raise a butterfly or moth from a caterpillar).

## Requirement 8

    Observe an ant colony or a beehive. Tell that you saw.

## Requirement 9

    Tell the things that make social insects different from solitary insects.

## Requirement 10

    Do ONE of the following:
    a. Observe an ant colony in a formicarium (ant farm). Find the queen and worker ants. Explain to your counselor the different chambers found within an ant colony.
    b. Study a hive of bees. Remove the combs and find the queen. Estimate the amount of brood and count the number of queen cells. Explain how to determine the amount of honey in the hive.

## Requirement 11

    From your collection, identify four species of insects helpful to humans and six species of insects harmful to humans.
    Describe some general methods of insect control.

## Requirement 12

    Tell how insects fit in the food chains of other insects, fish, birds, and mammals.

## External links

* Insect Study Merit Badge with Workbook PDF, current requirements, and resources.
* Earning Merit Badges in the Boy Scouts of America
* Nature and Conservation
* Astronomy | Bird Study | Environmental Science | Fish and Wildlife Management | Fishing | Forestry | Gardening | Geology | Insect Study | Mammal Study | Nature | Plant Science | Reptile and Amphibian Study | Soil and Water Conservation | Weather