OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MeGUI/Guides/iPod Conversion Guide/footer

Main Page Setup Audio Video Muxing
# MeGUI/Guides/HDTV Transcoding Guide/Detecting interlace

Detecting the interlace type of a video stream can be difficult at first, but there are a number of tools to make it easier for you.

## MeGUI interlace analyser

This is the recommended method for determining the interlace type.
The MeGUI analyser can be found in the avisynth creator. Open the video file, move across to the second tab and there is the interlace detector. All you need to do is click "Analyse...", but you should check the box labelled source is anime, if it applies to you. Once it has finished, it will pop up its findings and recommended filters to produce a progressive output.
# MeGUI/Guides/iPod Conversion Guide

This Guide will be a walkthrough for the encoding and muxing of an 4th- & 5th-generation iPod touch, iPhone 4, or iPad 1st generation & 2 compatible file from a video file. This guide is for use by anyone, newbie or advanced user. This Guide assumes that you know how to create an AVS script and calculate video bitrate. If you do not know how to create an Avisynth script then go here. If you do not know how to calculate video bitrate then go here.
It Covers:
* Setting up the required programs
* Encoding the audio, which involves encoding the audio to meet acceptable iPod standards.
* Encoding the video, which involves encoding the video correctly with x264.
* Muxing the resulted streams into an mp4 file to be imported to iTunes.
It does not cover:
* Subtitles.
* More than one Video or Audio Stream.
* 5.1 Audio
Main Page Setup Audio Video Muxing
# MeGUI/Guides/iPod Conversion Guide/Audio
## Basic Info

This section covers encoding the audio to reach an iPod compatible standard.

## Setting up your iPod Profile

We are going to add an iPod profile to simplify future encoding for MeGUI.
* In the main window of MeGUI go to the audio section. In the Drop down list that is labelled "Codec", choose "Nero AAC: *scratchpad*". Click "Config".
* Set your settings like the ones shown on the right.
** In "Output channels", select "Downmix Multichannel to stereo".
** Select "Constant Bitrate". Set the slider to "320kbit/s".
** Set the AAC profile to AAC-LC
* Click "New". Type "iPod Profile". Click "OK"

## Encoding the Audio

All modern iPods supports AAC audio, and it is the best audio codec that MeGUI supports encoding to. We have to use the Nero AAC encoder as it is the only AAC encoder available in MeGUI.
* On the first page of MeGUI click the [...] button next to audio input. Browse for your input file and open it.
* Click the [...] button next to audio output. Remember the location of the file as it will be used later.
* Select your iPod Profile in the profiles drop down list.
* When you are ready, click Queue.
Once you've done this, proceed to the next section: encoding the video.
Main Page Setup Audio Video Muxing
# MeGUI/Guides/iPod Conversion Guide/Setup
## Basic Info

This section deals with downloading, installing and configuring the required programs correctly.

## Required Programs

* MeGUI. For guide on installing MeGUI, read the instructions here.
* Any DirectShow filter (or "Codec Pack") that can decode the source file format. There are a few free codec packs:
** The K-Lite Codec Pack is a complete solution of decoding the majority of files. It contains some more video and audio processing features comparing to the CCCP. Please visit for more information.
** The CCCP is a codec pack that installs a minimal set of filters that decode the vast majority of files (see for more info).

## Program Setup

* MeGUI: MeGUI requires no additional setup after you have fully updated it. By default, it will prompt you to update whenever there is one.
Once you've done this, proceed to the next section: encoding the audio.
Main Page Setup Audio Video Muxing
# How To Assemble A Desktop PC

If you're reading this, you're probably thinking about building your next computer instead of buying one already built. Building a computer can be a very awesome experience and can bring many benefits; you can learn a lot about computer hardware by building one, you get a totally personalized computer, you can choose better components and you may be able to save some money and have fun.
In case you are the sort of person who wants to understand how things work, if you take broken stuff apart just to see how it all fits together, if you have a drawer somewhere full of “parts” you think may come in handy someday, then you just may be in the right place.

## Contents

    Noted contributors · External links · Development
* Choosing the parts
** CPU
* Assembly
* Software
* Overclocking
* Silencing
* Conclusion
* Archives: old content which isn't relevant anymore.
* Authors & Contributors

## Note to editors

Please look at the talk page before editing this book. The editors of this book have come up with guidelines to follow when editing this book, and a list of things that have to get done.
New sections and content first go into Development.
# How Language Works/References
## Websites

* Linguistic Society of America
* Linguist List, mailing list and other resources for linguists
* Ethnologue, database of all of the world's known languages (6,809!)
* American Dialect Society, the academic association concerned with the study of the English language in North America
* American dialect links: links to sites concerned with American English dialects (Note: Many of the sites are not at all scholarly, but still interesting sources of data. And some links are dead.)
* English dialect links: links to sites concerned with non-American English dialects (Note: Many of the sites are not at all scholarly, but still interesting sources of data. And some links are dead.)
* Two sites concerned with endangered languages: Terralingua and the Foundation for Endangered Languages
* ASL Browser, an online American Sign Language dictionary, complete with movies of the signs
* American Sign Language Dictionary, another ASL dictionary, with jerkier movies and fewer signs, but also a few entire stories and some signs from other signed languages.
* Voice of America Language Links, news from the VOA in about 50 different languages
* Downloadable phonetic fonts from the Summer Institute of Linguistics
* A paper by the famous sociolinguist William Labov on the dramatic changes going on in the vowels of many Americans
* "Committing to an ontology", a paper on the shape bias and related issues by Eliana Colunga and Linda B. Smith of Indiana University.
* Estuary English: very useful and informative site by a phonetician and expert on English accents about Estuary English, which some people believe is becoming the new standard accent of England

## Paper

* Fauconnier, Gilles. (1985). Mental spaces. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
* Talmy, Leonard. (2000). Toward a cognitive semantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
** Volume 1: Concept structuring systems.
** Volume 2: Typology and process in concept structuring.
# Magic: The Gathering/Standard Decks & Strategies

Standard (or Type 2) is a Constructed format where the total card pool is restricted by sets. Normally, the standard format pool consists of cards from the most recent core set and the two most recent expansion blocks. Currently, the core set is Magic 2011 and the expansions are the Scars of Mirrodin block and Zendikar.
Players must have at least a 60-card deck (a sideboard containing exactly 15 extra cards is not optional) consisting of cards of any printings that are legal in the current standard format; however, players must be able to shuffle their decks without assistance. Decks (including the sideboard) may contain no more than 4 copies of any card other than basic lands. In addition, certain cards may be "restricted" (only one copy of the card allowed) or "banned" (the card may not be used).
As of July 16th 2011, the sets legal in Standard:
CORE SET
Magic 2011 Magic 2012
Zendikar
Zendikar
Worldwake
Rise Of The Eldrazi
Scars of Mirrodin
Scars of Mirrodin
Mirrodin Besieged
New Phyrexia
Beginning from September 30th 2012, standard will consist of the following sets:
CORE SET
Magic 2012
Scars of Mirrodin
Scars of Mirrodin
Mirrodin Besieged
New Phyrexia
Innistrad
Innistrad
Since the format rotates each year, decks have a maximum shelf life of two years, meaning that the format is quick to change and easily impacted. There are deck archetypes that have waxed and waned through the years, but maintain their existence in some form or another (White-Defensive, Blue-Control, Black-Kill and Weaken, Red-Direct Damage, Green-Creature Based ), while others (usually combo decks) are spawned from the centerpiece card (Tooth and Nail, Enduring Ideal), and are thus usually subject to their key card leaving Standard.
# Magic: The Gathering/Standard Format

Standard (also known as Type 2) is a Constructed format where the total card pool is restricted by sets. Normally, this standard format pool consists of cards from the most recent core set and the two most recent expansion blocks.
The core set is currently comprised of the Magic 2011 core set(m11), the Magic 2012 Core set (m12), the Zendikar block and the Scars of Mirrodin block.
Players must have at least a 60-card deck (and optional sideboard containing exactly 15 cards) consisting of cards of any printings that are legal in the current standard format. Players must be able to shuffle their decks without assistance. Decks (including the sideboard) may contain no more than 4 copies of any card other than basic lands. In addition, certain cards may be "banned" (the card may not be used). There are currently two banned cards in the Standard Format. Jace, The Mind Sculpter and Stoneforge Mystic.
As of July 15th, 2011, the sets legal in Standard are:

## Battle For Zendikar BLOCK

    Battle for Zendikar

## Khans of Tarkir BLOCK

    Khans of Tarkir
    Fate Reforged
    Dragons of Tarkir

## CORE SET

    Magic Origins
After January 22nd Standard Legal Sets will consist of

## Battle For Zendikar BLOCK

    Battle for Zendikar
    Oath of the Gatewatch

## Khans of Tarkir BLOCK

    Khans of Tarkir
    Fate Reforged
    Dragons of Tarkir

## CORE SET

    Magic Origins
Since the format now rotates twice as fast with the new block rotation pattern effective with the rotation of Khans of Tarkir on April 8, 2016, decks have a maximum shelf life of one years, meaning that the format is quick to change and easily impacted. There are deck archetypes that have waxed and waned through the years, but maintain their existence in some form or another (prowess white, white black warriors, black blue control, red aggro), while others (usually combo decks) are spawned from the centerpiece card (Hardened Scales, Nantuko Husk), and are thus usually subject to their key card leaving Standard.
# Magic: The Gathering/Star Format

Star Format is a 5-person variation of Magic. In Star, a player wins when the two players opposite that player lose (more precisely, the players that come third and fourth after that player in turn order). Players may attack and target any player. The format is called Star because if one draws a line between each player and the players opposite them it forms a pentagram (star). Star can be adapted to work with any of the standard formats. Additionally, it can be adapted for more than five players, by simply deciding which players must lose for a given player to win.
# Magic: The Gathering/Prismatic Format

Prismatic is a format where each and every deck much have at least 250 cards and at least 20 cards of each color. (this does not include artifact.) Multicolor cards count as one of their colors.
# Magic: The Gathering/Two-Headed Giant Format

http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=judge/resources/sfr2hg
# Magic: The Gathering/Mental Magic Format

Mental Magic, which many players have called the most skill-testing format in the game, is a variant in which each player may play cards in their hand not as they are named but as any card with the same mana cost, however each card name may only be used once per game. For example, a card costing UU could be played as Boomerang, Counterspell, or Mana Drain, regardless of the actual card that it is. However, once one of these spells has been named, no other card may be cast as that spell for the rest of the game. Cards can be named in other places than in hand, as well. For example, although a creature spell once cast will remain the same creature as long as it remains in play, cards in the graveyard can be named for flashback purposes. A popular play is to use a 3U spell to cast Inspiration, and then afterward to use the same 3U spell in the graveyard to cast Deep Analysis upon oneself. This gains the player a great deal of card advantage, which is almost always paramount in Mental Magic. "187" effects, namely creatures with a comes into play effect, are another popular trick to gain card advantage. After one player has gained a crushing amount of card advantage he/she usually attempts to finish his/her opponent with a creature that is difficult to kill, such as one that cannot be targeted, is indestructible, can phase out at will, etc.
Rather than traditional constructed or draft decks, Mental Magic is often just played from a 'stack' of cards, that may simply be random or designed for this purpose. The two players may therefore play from the same deck, which is composed entirely of spells. The spells may then be placed face down on the field as land. These lands, sometimes referred to as "Utopia," can tap to produce one mana of any color and have the basic supertype, although they do not count as having any particular land type. For instance, a Utopia land can produce white mana and cannot be destroyed by Wasteland, but does not enable your opponent's creatures with Plainswalk.
Mental Magic also has its own banned list, which is composed of every card on the Vintage banned and restricted list, as well as some additions of cards that are considered to be too powerful given the mechanics of the format. For example, Trade Routes, which enables players to return lands to his/her hands, is often banned due to the fact that these "lands" can now be played as new spells. Additionally, cards that enable players to search their library for cards (Survival of the Fittest, for example) are often banned as well.
There is no one set of rules for Mental Magic. Due to the fact that cards that are playable from the graveyard are almost always extremely powerful (Flashback; Squee, Goblin Nabob; Haakon, Stromgald Scourge; etc.), many players ban naming cards in a graveyard altogether. Also, there are many different interpretations of how "search" abilities like Ramosian Sergeant should be handled.
# Riviera Live Draft
## Features

* Huge common library
* Draft as you play
* No manascrew
Using the large Common Library, players "draft-as-they-draw". Flexible, controlled land drawing allows opportunistic change of strategy in mid-game.
Excellent for people wanting to play Magic casually, as it takes out the deckbuilding and card sorting aspects of the game - both of which can be tedious to some people. Popular with occasional or low-budget players, veteran players with harsh timetables and draft enthusiasts.

## How to play
### Setup

* One huge Common Library of assorted cards - anything except basic lands (we use a nice combination of Core Set, Ravnica block and Fifth Dawn).
* Five distinct piles for basic lands - face up.
* To get their starting hand, each player draws 14 cards from the common library, then removes 7 of them from the game.
* Give each player 40 random cards from the Common Library, this is their Private Library.
* Flip the top card of the Common Library FACE UP in the middle of the table. This card represents the Sugar Pile, and everybody can see what it contains.

### Draw step

* Draw the top card from the Sugar Pile, OR
* Draw the top card from your Private Library, OR
* Look at the top 3 cards from the Common Library, put one on the Sugar Pile, remove one from the game, and draw the third.

### Lands

Once per turn during your main phase, as a Sorcery, you may remove a card in your hand from the game in exchange for a basic land.
* If you throw away a blue spell, you can pick an Island. Red spell, a mountain, etc.
* If you throw away a multicolored or hybrid spell, you get to choose which kind of basic land to draw. Example: remove Boros Guildmage from your hand, pick a Plain or a Mountain.
* If you throw away a colorless or costless card (such as artifact or land), you may pick any basic land among the five.

### Private Library

* Library manipulation, "draw a card" effects, searching for a card, shuffling, milling... All of this target Private Libraries.
* A player loses when his or her Private Library gets empty.

### Misc

* Each player still has an independent graveyard, and cards go there as normal.
* The owner of a card is the player who most recently drew it from the Sugar Pile, Common or Private Library into his or her hand.
# Magic: The Gathering/Type 4

Type 4 is a casual format with two fundamental rules:
* Players may play spells for free (i.e., players have infinite mana)
* Each player may play only one spell per round(this serves as a limitation to balance the first rule)
Due to these two rules, the format is also known as "Limited Infinity". Some players use additional rules, such as 'only rares and uncommons are allowed'.
Since the mana cost of spells is irrelevant, players can more freely use powerful rare cards in ways that would be impossible in "normal" Magic. This makes the gameplay very dynamic and exciting. Also it means that players can use cards that are normally "unplayable" due to prohibitively high mana costs, allowing players to utilise cards which are in low commercial demand. This makes the format quite cheap to get into; along with the "high thrill" gameplay, this has made the format quite popular.
Due to the nature of the format, many cards are banned - for example, a Fireball would instantly win the game, due to the players having infinite mana to pump into it. Also, there are many cards that are extremely weak in constructed Magic but extremely powerful in Type 4 - such as Vedalken Orrery, which allows the controller to play threats during other players' turns.
To prevent the format from becoming excessively overpowered, players' decks are usually drafted, rather than constructed. Often one player would construct a stack of approximately 200 cards, which is then distributed amongst the players using one of several drafting methods - eg Booster Draft, Rochester Draft, or Winston Draft.
# Information Technology and Ethics/Compliance Management

Now that we have reviewed what cybersecurity compliance is, it is important to understand how to get started in making a Cybersecurity Compliance Program within your organization. Every cybersecurity compliance program is specific to an organization due to its versatility and depth it covers. However, the steps below should be a great starting point for any organization to begin developing its compliance program and gain the benefits to meet regulatory compliance requirements.
1. Assemble a Designated Compliance Team
The main power behind cybersecurity compliance is your IT staff, however when a comprehensive compliance program is put into place, a compliance team must be formed. For a business to have a strong cybersecurity posture and support compliance procedures, all departments must collaborate.
2. Make a Risk Analysis Process
You should adhere to the four fundamental phases of the risk analysis process in order to identify and evaluate risks. These include determining which information systems, assets, or networks have access to data, determining the risk level associated with each type of data, applying a formula to analyze the risk, and establishing tolerance by selecting whether to reduce, transfer, reject, or accept any identified hazards.
3. Enable Controls to Mitigate or Transfer Risk
Setting up security measures to reduce or transfer cybersecurity threats is the next stage. These measures include encryption, network firewalls, password restrictions, staff training, incident response plans, access control, and patch management schedules, among other technological and physical measures.
4. Create and Implement Policies
Document any policies or instructions that IT teams, staff, and other stakeholders need to follow controls have been put in place. These regulations will also be helpful for future internal and external audits.
5. Monitor and Respond Quickly
Maintain a constant eye on your compliance program as new laws or revised versions of old ones are passed. A compliance program's objective is to recognize and manage risks and stop cyber threats before they result in a significant data breach. Additionally, it's crucial to have business procedures in place that let you respond rapidly to threats.
# Information Technology and Ethics/Challenges Linked with Free Expression Online
## Challenges Linked with Free Expression Online
### Freedom of Expression in Online Platforms

In the digital age, social media platforms serve as critical venues for individual expression. These platforms offer a convenient and expansive space for sharing thoughts and ideas with an unlimited audience. However, content moderation policies on these platforms dictate what is deemed acceptable, restricting the breadth of permissible expression. This has sparked controversy, particularly on platforms like Facebook, which has faced criticism for policies requiring users to use their legal names, thereby hindering anonymous expression—a fundamental aspect of free speech.
This limitation, coupled with the ambiguity of moderation rules, can disproportionately affect minority groups, leading to a sense of exclusion and fostering environments conducive to hate speech. For instance, Facebook's automated systems have mistakenly removed content critical for human rights advocacy, such as documenting war crimes in Syria. Such incidents underscore the tension between maintaining platform integrity and upholding user rights, highlighting the need for transparency and accountability in content moderation.

### Altering our Understanding of Free Expression in the Digital Age

The digital revolution has transformed the landscape of free expression. Technological advancements have reduced the costs associated with content distribution, enabling anyone to publish and broadcast their views widely with just a click. While this democratizes expression, it also introduces challenges such as the oversaturation of voices, making it difficult for individual messages to stand out.
Moreover, the intersection of intellectual property (IP) rights and freedom of expression has become a contentious issue. On one hand, IP laws are designed to protect creators' rights, but they can also impede free access to information and restrict fair use, impacting the public domain negatively. On the other hand, the telecommunications sector advocates for broader speech rights to assert control over communication networks, suggesting a need for a balanced approach that respects both creative rights and freedom of expression.

### Censorship and Content Moderation Challenges

Governments often impose restrictions on online content, citing reasons such as national security or the suppression of political dissent. These actions raise critical questions about the limits of government intervention and the protection of free speech online. Simultaneously, social media platforms struggle with content removal practices that must balance user rights against preventing harm. Missteps in content moderation can lead to censorship or the unintentional promotion of misleading information, complicating the discourse around digital rights and responsibilities.
* 1 2 Criticism_of_Facebook
* 1 2 Free Speech in the Digital Age
* 1 2 Redefining Free Expression in the Digital Age
# Information Technology and Ethics/Authors
### Privacy Policies

"Privacy Policies" section is written by Dhaval Patel and Tracy Francis from Spring 2016 ITMM 485 course at Illinois Institute of Technology.

### Privacy in the News

"Privacy in the News" section is written by Craig Siron and Mark Milhouse from Spring 2016 ITMM 485 course at Illinois Institute of Technology.