OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/The Merchant of Venice

The Merchant of Venice is a comedy by William Shakespeare, written at some point between 1596 and 1598. The plot of this play centers on the consequences of a merchant's failure to repay his debt to a skeevy moneylender. There is a subplot about the merchants young heir and his search for his one true love.

## Acts

* Act 1
* Act 2
* Act 3
* Act 4
* Act 5
Illustration : by Cristiana Apostol.

## Dramatis Personæ

* The Duke of Venice
* The Prince of Morocco
* The Prince of Aragon
* Antonio
* Bassanio
* Salanio
* Salarino
* Gratiano
* Lorenzo
* Shylock
* Tubal
* Launcelot Gobbo
* Old Gobbo
* Leonardo
* Balthazar
* Stephano
* Portia
* Nerissa
* Jessica
* Magnificoes
* Officers
* Jailer
* Servants to Portia
* Attendants
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/Measure for Measure

Measure for Measure is a comedy by William Shakespeare written in 1603. The play centers on the assorted problems that come about when the Duke of Vienna decides to live among his people for a short time.

## Acts

* Act 1
* Act 2
* Act 3
* Act 4
* Act 5

## Dramatis Personæ

* Vincentio
* Angelo
* Escalus
* Claudio
* Lucio
* two Gentlemen
* Varrius
* Provost
* Thomas
* Peter
* a Justice
* Elbow
* Froth
* Clown
* Abhorson
* Barnardine
* Isabella
* Mariana
* Juliet
* Francisca
* Mistress Overdone
* Lords
* Gentlemen
* Guards
* Officers
* Attendants
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/Much Ado About Nothing/Disguise and masking

Shakespeare employs masks in different ways in Much ado about nothing.
In II.1 the theme of disguise and mistaken identity is given prominence. During this scene the theme of being masked is employed as a common entertainment in Elizabethan times as well as being misemployed in order to be up to one's mischief as done by Don Jon and his fellow Borachio.
In II.2 the paramount importance of disguise is still present in their scheme, however the tenor is more serious. In scene two of Act III the link to appearance masking character is established by the image of fashion. Benedick says very little in this scene compared two others marking his changed character, while Claudio and Don Pedro talk about him and his new outward appearance.
The theme of fashion is sharply in focus in scene III.4 again, together with the theme of illness. The concept of disguise is highlighted by this scene. Once it is stressed by the idea of fine clothes masking true feelings, as well as by pretending to feel ill in order to hide them from others.
Scene one of Act IV is written in blank verse to stress the importance of its content. Additionally, this scene is eye-catching because of the frequent references to disguise and masking the truth in Claudio's accusatory speech.
The tide is turned in scene one of Act V and again the thread of disguise is obviously present as Claudio expected to learn a hard lesson before he is marrying Hero. This case is quite interesting as the plot has been invented by the Friar himself, which shows that hiding the truth has been quite common.
This very special plot is continued to the end of the play (V.4).
At this point the circle is closed and real masks are used to hide again. The difference compared to the former usage of masks is, that it is purely positive throughout the whole scene, without the intention to harm somebody.
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/The Comedy of Errors
#### Choose an act, any act!

* Act I
* Act II
* Act III
* Act IV
* Act V

## About this Play

The Comedy of Errors is Shakespeare's shortest play and possibly his first comedy, written circa 1589 to 1594. The play is based on two Roman comedies: Plautus' Manaechmi and Amphitruo, both of which have the plot with "errors" of mistaken identities.
In this play, Aegeon is separated from his wife and one of his twin sons. In this play, Shakespeare took the flat characters of Plautus' stories and made them dynamic. For example, Adriana, along with other female characters, has more voice in this play than any other Shakespeare wrote. Shakespeare also added one extra set of twins.
The main theme of this play is of identity problems. It raises the question of what constitutes identity and how one can be known; that is, are you known by your name, your visual appearance, or your actions? Or a combination of all three?

## Dramatis Personæ

* Solinus
* Ægeon
* Æmilia
* Antipholus of Syracuse + Antipholus of Ephesus (twin brothers)
* Dromeus of Syracuse + Dromeus of Ephesus (twin brothers; attendants of both Antipholuses)
* Adriana
* Luciana
* Luce
* Balthazar
* Angelo
* Courtesan
* First Ephesian Merchant
* Second Ephesian Merchant
* Doctor Pinch
* Jailer
* Headsman
* Officers
* Attendants
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/The Merchant of Venice/Act 1

Scene 1
Antonio is very depressed; he is willing to fund Bassanio's expedition to Belmont, but must try to borrow money from Shylock to do so.
Scene 2
Portia longs to find a husband, but all her suitors must submit to a test arranged by her father before his death.
Scene 3
Shylock agrees to lend money to Antonio - but he demands an unusual bond.
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/Much Ado About Nothing

Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare. It was most likely first performed in 1598 / 1599. The play's style shares many features of the modern romantic comedy and it remains one of Shakespeare's most enduringly popular plays on stage.

## Brief synopsis

The five acts follow two pairs of lovers. Although the romance between Claudio and Hero ostensibly forms the main plot, the action is in fact mostly concerned with their counterparts, Benedick and Beatrice, whose love-hate relationship develops over the course of the play.

## Deconstruction and scene by scene read through companion

* Act 1
* Act 2
* Act 3
* Act 4
* Act 5

## Dramatis Personæ

* Don Pedro - the prince
* Don John - Don Pedro's half brother
* Claudio - a young lord
* Benedick - another young lord, friend of Claudio
* Leonato - a older man, father of Hero
* Antonio - brother of Leonato
* Balthazar
* Borachio - a friend of Don John
* Conrade - a friend of Don John
* Dogberry
* Verges
* Friar Francis
* A Sexton
* A Boy
* Hero - daughter of Leonato and lover of Claudio
* Beatrice - cousin of Hero and lover of Benedick
* Margaret
* Ursula
* Messengers
* Watch
* Attendants

## Analyses and Interpretation

* A brief analysis of the thread of disguise and masking throughout the play
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/Much Ado About Nothing/Act 2
## Scene I

The scene opens with LEONATO, ANTONIO, BEATRICE and HERO talking about men. They observe that DON JOHN was not present at dinner and how melancholy he looks. BEATRICE then introduces her favourite subject, BENEDICK, saying that if she were ever to find an ideal man he would have to be a mix between the two; either a more sedate BENEDICK or a more talkative DON JOHN. ANTONIO and LEONATO despair of her, saying that with her sharp tongue and fussiness she will never find a husband. The men have evidently told the women that DON PEDRO intends to woo HERO.
DON PEDRO, CLAUDIO, BENEDICK, BALTHASAR, DON JOHN, BORACHIO, MARGARET, URSULA and others arrive for the costume ball, all wearing disguises. DON PEDRO leads HERO away to woo her. Servant BALTHASAR and MARGARET flirt, which will become important later in DON JOHN's mischief. URSULA and ANTONIO have a joke. BEATRICE pretends not to know she is speaking to BENEDICK and takes the opportunity to insult him again, knowing that he would have to break disguise if he wanted to insult her back. The others all leave but for DON JOHN, BORACHIO and CLAUDIO. DON JOHN begins his mischief; he pretends to think that CLAUDIO is BENEDICK and tells him that he has overheard DON PEDRO seducing HERO for himself. Naive CLAUDIO is taken in by this and in soliloquy vows not to trust the beauty of women or his friends in matters of love again.
BENEDICK finds CLAUDIO to tell him that the prince has wooed HERO and everything is set. Still being upset and in no mood for BENEDICK's playfulness, CLAUDIO leaves. BENEDICK is not bothered, more interested in himself and how BEATRICE had not recognised him, showing both his pride and how much he wants BEATRICE to notice him.
# William Shakespeare's Works/Comedies/Taming of the Shrew

The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare, written between 1593 and 1594. This play revolves around the gentleman Petruccio's romantic pursuit of the eldest daughter of a local merchant.

## Acts

* Act 1
* Act 2
* Act 3
* Act 4
* Act 5

## Dramatis Personæ

(Induction)
* Christopher Sly
* a Lord
* Barholemew
* Hostess
* Players
* Huntsmen
* Servants
(Play-Within-A-Play)
* Baptista Minola
* Vincentio
* Lucentio
* Petruccio
* Gremio
* Hortensio
* Tranio
* Biondello
* Grumio
* Curtis
* Pedant
* Katherine
* Bianca
* a Widow
* Tailor
* Haberdasher
* Servants
# Wildlife Gardening/Location/North Carolina
## Geography

General description of environment and ecology. USDA hardiness zones and/or international equivalents.

## Taxa
### Taxa of interest
#### Native

* List of native taxa and their favorable attributes. Some taxa may be dual-listed in taxa of concern and this should be pointed out.
Native butterflies of West Virginia :
| Taxon | Amphibians and fishes | Birds | Mammals | Reptiles | Invertebrates | Plants and fungi | Notes |
| Vanessa virginiensis, the American painted lady butterfly. Adult pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | |
Vines to check
* Bignonia capreolata
* Campsis radicans
* Clematis virginiana
* Lonicera sempervirens
* Parthenocissus quinquefolia
* Passiflora incarnata
* Wisteria frutescens

#### Introduced

Introduced butterflies of West Virginia :
| Taxon | Amphibians and fishes | Birds | Mammals | Reptiles | Invertebrates | Plants and fungi | Notes |
| Vanessa virginiensis, the American painted lady butterfly. Adult pictured. | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | 4 ! | |

### Taxa of concern

Taxa that one might be very cautious about having around like large predators, venemous animals, poisonous plants, agricultural pests, invasive species, noxious weeds.
Native butterflies of West Virginia :
| Taxon | Safety | Social or legal | Conservation | Garden goals | Notes |
| Vanessa virginiensis, the American painted lady butterfly. Adult pictured. | | | | | |

## Law

Laws of interest to wild gardeners.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Operating Systems, Databases and Networking/Databases/Data definition language

Data Definition Language (DDL) is a way to adjust the structure of a database. You might have created databases in the past using a GUI such as Access or even MySQL. DDL allows you to create databases from pure code including the ability to:
* Create tables: CREATE TABLE
* Change the structure of a table: ALTER
* Delete tables: DROP

## CREATE

You need to know what they all do (as listed above), though you only need to know how to implement the CREATE TABLE command. Let's look at how we could have made the crooks table above:
* Questions
* Write a DDL statement to create the table Customer(CustomerID, CustomerName, Address, Postcode, Email)
* Answer:
* CREATE TABLE customer (
* CustomerID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
* CustomerName VARCHAR(16),
* Address VARCHAR(30),
* Postcode VARCHAR(8),
* Email VARCHAR(20)

## ALTER

An ALTER statement in SQL changes the properties of a table in a relational database without the need to access the table manually.

## DROP

Dropping a table is like dropping a nuclear bomb. It is irreversible and is frowned upon in modern society.
By running this line of code, the table "crooks" will be removed from the database with no chance of it being recovered unless backups have been previously made.

## Setting Primary Keys

Primary keys can be set after table creation via the alter statement.
Primary keys can also be set during table creation

## Setting Composite Keys

To set a primary key made up of two columns during table creation you could do something such as this
Where the constraint name would be UserId and the table's primary key would be made up of the user_id and the username columns.
This could also be done after table creation:

## Setting Foreign Keys

To set a foreign key or group of foreign keys during table creation, you could do something like this:
Where the primary key is "product_id" and all the other attributes are declared within the ( ) structure and are followed by a comma.
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Operating Systems, Databases and Networking

The Unit 3 exam, called Problem Solving, Programming, Operating Systems, Databases and Networking, unit code COMP3, represents 30% of your final A-Level. The time allowed is 2 hours 30 minutes and there are 100 marks available.
This Unit comprises 6 subsections listed below:
* Problem Solving
* Programming Concepts
* Real Numbers
* Operating Systems
* Databases
* Communication and Networking

## Definitions

Unit 3 definition list
# A-level Computing/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Operating Systems, Databases and Networking/Databases/Databases
## Table

In our database we will store information about 'things', or more technically, entities. To store data about things we use Tables. Each table will store data about a particular thing. Let's look at two examples:
And looking at another example that you might be familiar with, a social networking site:
* Exercise: Picking Tables
* List the tables you might need to store a database on a football League
* Answer:
* Team
* Player
* Match
* Stadium
* Referee
* List the tables you might need to record details for an online store
* Answer:
* Staff
* Products
* Receipts
* Customers

## Attribute/Field

Now we have gotten to grips with recognising the main tables we need to store in each database, we need to recognise what fields of data will be stored in each of these tables. The data items to be stored are called the attributes. Taking the Criminal database as an example:
    Table: Criminal
    Attributes:
       Name: String
       Date of Birth: Date
       Number of scars: Integer
       Home town: String
Note that for each of the attributes we are listing the attribute name and the field type, when building a database it is very important that we get the correct field type to prevent errors when entering data. Let's take a look at another example from the criminals Database
    Table: Crimes
       NI Number: String
       Description: String
       Type of crime: String
       Severity: Integer
       Date of Crime: Date
       Victim ID: Integer
       Criminal ID: Integer
* Exercise: Picking attributes
* For a social networking site, what attributes and data types would you include for the table of people
* Answer:
* Name: string
* Date of Birth: Date
* Gender: boolean (character might also work here)
* Public profile: boolean
* Personal description: String
* For a social networking site, what attributes and data types would you include for the table of relationships (the table that stores 'friend' 'sister' 'father' etc)
* Answer:
* Person1 ID: integer
* Person2 ID: integer
* Type of relationship: string
* Date created: Date
# Ada Programming/Keywords/package

This keyword is used in regular packages (specification and body), in generic packages (specification and body), and in generic formal package parameters.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada 95 Reference Manual

* 2.9: Reserved Words
* Section 7: Packages
* 7.1: Package Specifications and Declarations
* 7.2: Package Bodies
* 8.5.3: Package Renaming Declarations
* 10.1.3: Subunits of Compilation Units
* 12.1: Generic Declarations
* 12.3: Generic Instantiation
* 12.7: Formal Packages
* Annex P: (informative) Syntax Summary
* E.2.3: Remote Call Interface Library Units

### Ada 2005 Reference Manual

* 2.9: Reserved Words
* Section 7: Packages
* 7.1: Package Specifications and Declarations
* 7.2: Package Bodies
* 8.5.3: Package Renaming Declarations
* 10.1.3: Subunits of Compilation Units
* 12.1: Generic Declarations
* 12.3: Generic Instantiation
* 12.7: Formal Packages
* Annex P: (informative) Syntax Summary
* E.2.3: Remote Call Interface Library Units

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/parallel

This keyword is used with parallel blocks and parallel loops to create a form of lightweight tasking to take advantage of multicore CPUs.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9: Reserved Words
* Annex P: (informative) Syntax Summary

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/protected

This keyword is used in the definition of protected types.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/range
## Description

The keyword range is used in the following type definitions.
* Defining the first and last element in an integer range.
* Defining the first and last element in a Modulus subtype.
* Defining the first and last element in an enumeration subtype.
* Defining the minimum range of a floating point type.
* Defining the minimum range of a fixed point type.
* Defining the range of an array type.
It is also used within the following statements:
* Specify the range of a for loop.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords
* Ada Programming/Types/range
* Ada Programming/Types/Enumeration
* Ada Programming/Types/digits
* Ada Programming/Types/delta
* Ada Programming/Types/array
* Ada Programming/Control

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)
* 3.5 Scalar Types (Annotated)
* 3.6 Array Types (Annotated)
* 3.6.1 Index Constraints and Discrete Ranges (Annotated)
* 4.4 Expressions (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/pragma

This keyword is used in pragma statements.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords
* Ada Programming/Pragmas

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/private

This keyword is used to declare:
* Private types
* The private part in a package specification
* Private child packages

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/procedure

This keyword is used in:
* the specification and body of procedures, a kind of subprograms.
* access to subprogram type declarations.
* Procedures as parameters in generic units.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/overriding

This language feature is only available from Ada 2005 on.
The keyword overriding can be used to explicitly declare a procedure or function as an overriding subprogram. There are two forms available:
The first declares the procedure as overriding the second does not.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords
* Ada Programming/Object Orientation

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)
* 6.1 Subprogram Declarations (Annotated)
* 6.3 Subprogram Bodies (Annotated)
* 8.5.4 Subprogram Renaming Declarations (Annotated)
* 10.1.3 Subunits of Compilation Units (Annotated)
* 12.3 Generic Instantiation (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/raise

This keyword is used for raising a named exception or reraising the current exception in an exception handler.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# Ada Programming/Keywords/record

This keyword is used in record types declarations.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Keywords

### Ada Reference Manual

* 2.9 Reserved Words (Annotated)
* Annex P (informative) Syntax Summary (Annotated)

### Ada Quality and Style Guide

* 3.1.3 Capitalization
# A-level Computing 2009/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Operating Systems, Databases and Networking/Programming Concepts/Simulations

One of the main uses of computers is to simulate real life scenarios. You might have made a spreadsheet at school to simulate the amount of money made by a shop, or driven a formula one car on your console at home. Some of the most powerful computers in the world are used to simulate complex phenomena including
* Financial models
* Weather
* Nuclear explosions
* Coastal erosion
If you ever watch the weather forecast all the predictions are made by software simulating weather patterns. If you ever wonder why there aren't so many nuclear tests any more, there is no need as computers can simulate what happens.

## Chaos Theory

With such powerful computers simulating models you might question why we are so bad at predicting the weather and how simulations can give the wrong results. This may be because the model being used is set up in completely the wrong way, but it may also be a result of chaos theory. Chaos theory states that any tiny differences in the initial starting conditions (such as those due to rounding errors in numerical computation) will have a huge effect on how the system performs in the long run. Rendering long-term prediction impossible in general. This can be seen in the inability of weather forecasts to get long term forecasts correct. This is also known through the butterfly effect, where Philip Merilees stated "Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?"
* Exercise: Simulations
* What is a simulation?
* Answer:
* The imitation of a process of a real system.
* Give two examples of models that are simulated
* Answer:
* Formula one racing car designs
* nuclear bomb tests
* weapons
* weather patterns
* Give one reason why simulation might not work in the long term:
* Answer:
* - The margin of error increases over time, as more variables interact with the system, causing errors and unforeseen circumstances that could enter the system, causing it to stop accurately working in the long term.
* A petrol station needs to model the number of vehicles it can serve petrol in a day. It can serve petrol and diesel and often has queues for each pump. Name the entities and attributes of each entity.
* Answer:
* Entities
* vehicle
* type
* fuel type
* fuel level
* being served
* payed
* pump
* busy
* diesel working
* petrol working
* staff
* serving
* speed of serving