# Manchu/Lesson 9 - Adverbs
## Dialogue & Translation

| Dialogue 1 | Dialogue 1 |
| gehun xun alin de tuhefi | 白日依山尽 (the bright sun extinguishes itself on the mountain) |
| suwayan bira mederi de eyeme dosimbi | 黄河入海流 (the yellow river flows into the sea) |
| minggan ba i goroki be sabuki seci | 欲窍千里目 (if you would like to see for 1000 li) |
| elei emu jergi takto de tafaci acambi | 更上一层楼 (then go up one more level) |
| Dialogue 2 | Dialogue 2 |
| tere inenggi, han hendume: musei gurun i gebu daci manju, hada, ula, yehe, hoifa kai. | On that day the Khan said: the original names of our nation are Manchu, Hada, Ula, Yehe, and Hoifa. |
| tere be ulhirakv niyalma juxen sembi. juxen serengge sibei coo mergen i hvncihin kai. | People who do not know this call us Jurchens. These 'Jurchens' are blood relatives of the Sibe Coo Mergen. |
| tere muse de ai dalji. ereci julesi yaya niyalma muse gurun i da manju sere gebu be hvla. | What relationship are they with us. From this onwards everybody will call our nation Manchu. |
| juxen seme hvlaha de weile. | Those that call us Jurchens will be punished. |
| Dialogue 3 | Dialogue 3 |
| sini boo yabade tehebi? | Where is your house located? |
| mini boo tokso i dergi ergi de tehebi | My house is located on the east side of the village |
| sini boode udu giyan boo bi? | How many rooms are there in your house? |
| ilan giyan bi, wargi boo, dergi boo, tulergi giyan boo bi | There are three rooms, a west room, an east room, and an outside room. |
| suwe ai erinde gurime jihengge? | When did you move here? |
| sunja aniya i onggolo | Five years ago |
| aiba deri gurime jihengge? | Where did you move here from? |
| tokso i julergi ergi deri gurime jihengge | From the south side of the village. |

## Vocab

| Manchu Vocabulary | English Translation | Manchu Vocabulary | English Translation |
| acambi | To meet, to come together | ai | What |
| ai dalji | what relationship | ba | Land (li) |
| daci | Originally (from origin) | dalji | Relationship,connection (关系） |
| deri | From | dosimbi | To enter |
| ele/elei | More, another | eyembi | To flow |
| eyeme dosimbi | To flow into | gehun | Bright |
| giyan | Room (间) | goroki | Distant, distance |
| gurimbi | To move | gurun | Country, nation |
| hvncihin | Realtive | jergi | Level |
| julesi | Going forward (to forward) | kai | Partical of emphasis (!) |
| mederi | Ocean | minggan | One thousand |
| onggolo | Before | sabuki seci | To want to see |
| sabumbi | To see | suwayan | Yellow |
| tafambi | To go up | takto | Building, floor |
| tembi | To reside, to live at | tokso | Village |
| ulhimbi | To understand | ulhirakv niyalma | The people that don't understand |
| weile | Crime | xun | Sun |
| yaya | Anyone who, all |

## Grammar
### Adverbs

Adverbs are words that modify other words except for nouns. Adverbs usually express the time, place or degree of an action and typically answer questions such as how?, when? why? or where? Manchu adverbs can be primitive adverbs which are indeclinable words such as ‘inu’ (yes) or they can be formed by adding suffixes (usually case markers) to the end of nouns, or pronouns. Most numerals can also be used as adverbs.
Some common Manchu adverbs include:
| Manchu | English | Manchu | English |
| absi | Where | gaitai | Suddenly |
| adarame | How | gemu | All |
| aifini | Already | gubci | All |
| ainu | Why | heni | a bit |
| ambula | Big, many | ishunde | Each other |
| ani | Normally | jaci | Extremely |
| asuru | Very | jing | In the process of (正) |
| atanggi | What time | juken | At least |
| beri beri | Each one | kemuni | Still |
| biretei | All | majige | A bit |
| cohotoi | Especially | meni meni | Each one |
| da ani | As before | mujakv | Extremely |
| daci | From the beginning | naranggi | Finally |
| dade | In the beginning | ne / te | Now |
| dembei | Very | nokai | The most |
| dule | Originally | siraduhai | Afterwards |
| ele | More | teni | Just then |
| elei | More | tuktan | First tim, start |
| elekei | Almost | umesi | Very |
| emgeri | Already | ume | Don't, can't |
| enteheme | Forever | ende | Still haven't |
| esa | Very | urui | Certainly |
| yooni | All | urunakv | Certainly |
Some locational adverbs (with their noun form) include:
| Meaning | Noun | Locative (where) | Directional (where to) |
| | -la/-le/-lo | -rgi | -si |
| East | dele | dergi | (wesihun) |
| West | wala | wargi | (wasihvn) |
| South | (juleri) | julergi | julesi |
| North | amala | amargi | amasi |
| Middle | dulin | dulimbade | |
| In front | (juleri) | julergi | julesi |
| Behind | amala | amargi | amasi |
| Left | hashv | hashv ergi | |
| Right | ici | ici ergi | |
| Above | dele,ninggu | dergi ,ninggude | wesihun |
| Below | wala, fejile | wargi, fejergi | wasihvn |
| Inside | dolo | dorgi | dosi |
| Outside | tule (tuleri) | tulergi | tulesi |
| On top | oilo | oilorgi | |
| Here | ebele | ebergi | ebsi |
| There | cala | cargi | casi |
Lesson 8 (Verbs 3) ---- Contents ---- Lesson 10 (Postpositions and Linking Words)