OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/Plays

Sophocles
Ajax Written 440 BCE
Antigone Written 442 BCE
Electra Written 410 BCE
Oedipus at Colonus
Oedipus the King
Philoctetes Written 409 BCE
The Trachiniae Written 430 BCE
Aeschyus:
Agamemnon Written 458 BCE
The Choephori Written 450 BCE
Eumenides Written 458 BCE
The Persians Written 472 BCE
Prometheus Bound Written 430 BCE
The Seven Against Thebes Written 467 BCE
The Suppliants Written ca. 463 BCE
Euripides:
Alcestis Written 438 BCE
Andromache Written 428-24 BCE
The Bacchantes Written 410 BC.
The Cyclops Written ca. 408 BCE
Electra Written 420-410 BCE
Hecuba Written 424 BCE
Helen Written 412 BCE
The Heracleidae Written ca. 429 BCE
Heracles Written 421-416 BCE
Hippolytus Written 428 BCE
Ion Written 414-412 BCE
Iphigenia At Aulis Written 410 BCE
Iphigenia in Tauris Written 414-412 BCE
Medea Written 431 BCE
Orestes Written 408 BCE
The Phoenissa Written 411-409 BCE
Rhesus Written 450 BCE
The Suppliants Written 422 BCE
The Trojan Women Written 415 BCE
Aristophanes
The Acharnians Written 425 BCE
The Birds Written 414 BCE
The Clouds Written 419 BCE
The Ecclesiazusae Written 390 BCE
The Frogs Written 405 BCE
The Knights Written 424 BCE
Peace Written 421 BCE
Plutus Written 380 BCE
The Thesmophoriazusae Written 411 BCE
The Wasps Written 422 BCE
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/Playwrights

Out of all the known Greek playwrights, the complete works of only four of them remain for us today. Out of these four, three are tragic playwrights, and one is a comedic playwright. The three tragic playwrights are Sophocles, Aeschyus, and Euripides. Sophocles was responsible for such titles as "Oedipus Rex" and "Antigone". Aeschyus was the author of "Agamemnon" and "The Persians", while Euripides was the creator of classics such as "Medea" and "The Trojan Women".
Complete lists of Plays
Sophocles
Ajax Written 440 BCE
Antigone Written 442 BCE
Electra Written 410 BCE
Oedipus at Colonus
Oedipus the King
Philoctetes Written 409 BCE
The Trachiniae Written 430 BCE
Aeschyus:
Agamemnon Written 458 BCE
The Choephori Written 450 BCE
Eumenides Written 458 BCE
The Persians Written 472 BCE
Prometheus Bound Written 430 BCE
The Seven Against Thebes Written 467 BCE
The Suppliants Written ca. 463 BCE
Euripides:
Alcestis Written 438 BCE
Andromache Written 428-24 BCE
The Bacchantes Written 410 BC.
The Cyclops Written ca. 408 BCE
Electra Written 420-410 BCE
Hecuba Written 424 BCE
Helen Written 412 BCE
The Heracleidae Written ca. 429 BCE
Heracles Written 421-416 BCE
Hippolytus Written 428 BCE
Ion Written 414-412 BCE
Iphigenia At Aulis Written 410 BCE
Iphigenia in Tauris Written 414-412 BCE
Medea Written 431 BCE
Orestes Written 408 BCE
The Phoenissa Written 411-409 BCE
Rhesus Written 450 BCE
The Suppliants Written 422 BCE
The Trojan Women Written 415 BCE
Aristophanes
The Acharnians Written 425 BCE
The Birds Written 414 BCE
The Clouds Written 419 BCE
The Ecclesiazusae Written 390 BCE
The Frogs Written 405 BCE
The Knights Written 424 BCE
Peace Written 421 BCE
Plutus Written 380 BCE
The Thesmophoriazusae Written 411 BCE
The Wasps Written 422 BCE
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/Origins and Traditions

During the 5th century in the city of Athens, our first examples of public performance began to take place. Originally held in Eleutherae, was a temple dedicated to Dionysus, the Olympian Greek god of wine, the grape harvest, madness and ecstasy. On the southern slope of this temple, the earliest known formation of an agora developed which created the platform for all kinds of activities. All original dithyrambs and tragedies took place in this space along the hillside. Aside from performance art, other gatherings were held in the space including political, social, and religious gatherings, specifically the Dionysian festival, where competitions were held to judge the best tragedies and, from 487 B.C., comedies. The first winner in the tragedy genre was the 5th-century BC tragic poet and playwright Aeschylus of the Classical, Periclean age who also served as a hoplite in the Greco-Persian wars. It is this conflict that would heavily influence his later work The Persians: the only drama at the time to deal with relatively recent and contemporary events his audience would be familiar with.
Some would consider the agora as the center of the polis because of the various activities that frequently trafficked through the venue. However, the argument arises as to whether the first instance of "Greek Theatre" began here due to some defining qualities that are absent. There is little confirmation that the agora had an orchestra or whether they designated a particular space for an orchestra . If there was confirmation of an orchestra, then we can infer that the agora had designed a space for dancing and choral hymns. The presence of a "chorus" would also be an important factor in deciding whether "theatre" in the traditional sense took place there.
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/Social Context

Perecles introduced the idea of a "theoric fund" to pay for poor people to attend the theatre, thereby making theatre open to all classes. this happened around 450 B.C.E.
The Theoric Fund was the name for the treasury that handled the financial dues for all the festivals, sacrifices and public entertainment of all kinds, as well as the distribution of money to those who could not afford it in terms of the generosity of the state. It was established so that the lower class of Athens could afford to go to the public festivals of worship. Most of the money came from the public treasury though a select few individuals would also donate and take some of the burden of funding upon themselves.
Originally there was no charge for the festivals and the audience would often degenerate into fights due to the lack of seating. Because these outbreaks became so commonplace, an admission fee was instituted, to cut down on the violence. This, however, did prevent a portion of the population from attending the festivals.
The Theoric fund was established soon after. A citizen would receive something akin to a voucher, one for each day of the three-day festival of Dionysus.
in the late forth century B.C.E. the cost of admission was standardized to a cost of two obols.
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/Props

The Deux Ex Machina
In many Greek plays a crane, called the Machina, was used to elevate the actors for flying in roles of Gods or Heroes.
Horses were used for chariots and to represent Pegasus. They were usually adorned with elaborate costumes that could make them unruly to control. In at least one play, a pegasus was called for but with the use of the Machina, a dummy was used.
Torches were used to represent the night.
General Fact stage props - Props not used for simulating reality... Used to create dramatic emphasisActors used props to suggest further character development, beyond masks and costumes. A walking stick could suggest old age or spears could suggest military. Skeupoios, or props-makers would provide the actors with the props, and many of the props-makers made their living off this practice.
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/Scenery

The skene was the main form of scenery in ancient Greek theatre.
The skene was a large rectangular building behind the orchestra actors could use for costume changes, like a backstage. However, it could also represent the play's location such as a palace or a house. The building was sometimes painted, as well, like a backdrop. Also, there was roof access behind the skene so characters playing gods or watchmen could enter there. In the beginning, the skene was a tent or hut, put up only for religious festivals and then taken down. It was not until later on that it became a permanent structure.
With the creation of the stage, there was a large movable facade that could be painted as a backdrop. It was always painted the same according to the genre of the play. Tragedy: an official building, comedy: rural buildings, satyric drama: a cave entrance.
Depending on where the actors entered from could have implied scenery offstage. These places for entrances and exits were side doors beside the retaining walls of the auditorium called paradoi. The right hand door meant the character was arriving from the city and the left hand door meant he was arriving from a far away place.
Decorative scenery was not built as substantial architecture until Lycurgus in the fifth century B.C. Before then, wooden structures served as skeleton framework while there was movable scenery in front. At first, the screens that functioned as scenery were skins that were basically backdrops without pictures rather than actual backdrops that we would think of today. The modern idea of backdrops, or skenographia, started around the time of Sophocles (and is often credited with their invention). Scaena ductilis, or proskenion, is similar to the modern idea of a set. The entire set wasting was painted on screens that were put on the wooden skeleton structures mentioned above.
To be edited: “No two Ancient Greek theatres were exactly alike, and when the history of each is considered one discovers that the various forms, which reduced to simplest terms constitute for us the normal type, were the result of gradual changes and repeated adjustments.” Priene, Turkey has best preserved logeion (“speaking place”)
Orchestra: 2 approaches (“hardened earth”)
episkenion: 2nd story of stage thyromata: folding doors (typically on episkenion)
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/Special Effects

Mechanai, or machines were devices that were used to lift actors, allowing them to appear behind the scenery. The mêchanê were similar to cranes that we have today. This was a common method to portray the Greek Gods. An Ekkyklema, or wheeled out platform would be brought onto the playing area to show scenes that took place beyond the view of the audience. Many times, they were brought out to show the results of violent acts, especially deaths (as those were never played out on the stage.
# History of Western Theatre: Greeks to Elizabethans/The Greek Festival

Anthesteria The oldest of Greek festivals, was a three day festival celebrating Dionysis, occurred during the middle of the month of Anthesterion (around the end of February). The first day was devoted to everyone including slaves, to join in festivities and join in wine drinking. The second day, participants dressed gaily and went around visiting friends, and participating in drinking competitions. The third day was a day of reverence, devoted to honoring the dead. Although this festival did not have dramatic elements, its structure influenced that of the Dionysia.
Dionysia The Dionysia was the first known dramatic festivals, Consisting of several smaller festivals held in each deme, or subdivision of Attica. The largest of these was the City Dionysia. The smaller Rural Dionysia festivals were normally in the month of Poseidon (around December). This festival's focus was centralized around the procession escorting a phallos brought in to encourage fertility within their autumn crops or of the earth in general, and slaves were allowed to attend the festivities.
Ticketing and admission fees in greek theatre were not introduced until the middle of the fifth century B.C.E.
City Dionysia The City Dionysia was a festival to celebrate the God Dionysus, who's cult name is Elutheria, meaning freedom. It is related with what is thought of as the home of the God, Eleutherai, which is located between Attica and Thebes. The festival would take place at the beginning of March/End of April and was kicked off by a procession. The procession on the first day, would go through the city, and the statue of Dionysus would be carried to the theater, which was built on the south slope of the Acropolis near the temple. The clothing of those in the procession would consist of bright colors and jewelry, and they would often wear masks. Those who were in the procession were the Ephebi, Canephori, and the human sacrifices. The Ephebi are men who carry shields and lances and escort the statue of the god. The Canephori are virgin women who carry baskets on their heads which contain things necessary for the sacrifices. The human sacrifices are provided by the state, individuals, or different population classes. Upon arrival to the theater, the sacrifices were made. At the end of the day, the procession (now lacking the human sacrifices) would follow its route back through the city, leaving the statue of Dionysis in the Orchestra.
The performances consisted of dithyrambs & narrative poems performed by choruses, as well as satyr plays, tragedies, and comedies. There were two types of competition. Dramatic competition, and choral competitions. Within the choral competitions, there were two separate ones. One for men, and one for boys. They were called cyclic choruses due to the circular formation in which they stood. There were five choruses of men and boys alike, composed of fifty members each. The choruses were provided by the tribes of Attica, making the competition a tribal one, and each chouragus (the leader) was from one of the ten tribes.
# Emergency Medicine/Liver

1.Liver cirrhosis emergencies
2. Acute hepatitis
# Emergency Medicine/Jaundice

Patients with jaundice on exam:
* pancreatic origin
* hepatic origin
* biliary origin
* hemolytic origin
Painless jaundice is pancreatic cancer until proven otherwise
Labs:
* liver function tests
* CBC
* PT/INR, PTT
* abdominal US
* hepatitis serologies
# Emergency Medicine/Hemoptysis
## Hemoptysis

Hemoptysis is coughing up blood from the respiratory tract. The blood can come from the nose, mouth, throat, the airway passages leading to the lungs, or the lungs. The word "hemoptysis" comes from the Greek "haima," meaning "blood," and "ptysis," which means "a spitting".

## Causes

Hemoptysis can be caused by a range of disorders:
* Infections. These include pneumonia; tuberculosis; aspergillosis; and parasitic diseases, including ascariasis, amebiasis, and paragonimiasis.
* Tumors that erode blood vessel walls.
* Drug abuse. Cocaine can cause massive hemoptysis.
* Trauma. Chest injuries can cause bleeding into the lungs.
* Vascular disorders, including aneurysms, pulmonary embolism, and malformations of the blood vessels.
* Bronchitis. Its most common cause is long-term smoking.
* Foreign object(s) in the airway.
* Blood clotting disorders.
* Bleeding following such surgical procedures as bronchial biopsies and heart catheterization.

## Treatment

* Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening emergency that requires treatment in an intensive care unit. The patient will be intubated (the insertion of a tube to help breathing) to protect the airway, and to allow evaluation of the source of the bleeding.
* Patients with lung cancer, bleeding from an aneurysm (blood clot), or persistent traumatic bleeding require chest surgery.
* Patients with tuberculosis, aspergillosis, or bacterial pneumonia are given antibiotics.
* Foreign objects are removed with a bronchoscope.
* If the cause cannot be determined, the patient is monitored for further developments.
# Emergency Medicine/Hypotension

"Low blood pressure". In this state circulation of blood is hampered or decreased. If hypotension is severe enough, it can cause mental status changes as well as confusion, dizziness, syncope, nausea, weakness, lightheadedness.
# PIOPED References

Kline JA, Johns KL, Colucciello SA, Israel EG. New diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism. Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Feb;35(2):168-80. Review. PMID 10650235
Stein PD, Henry JW. Acute Pulmonary Embolism Presenting as Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Infarction Syndrome in the Elderly. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 1998 May;7(3):36-42. PMID 11416457
Stein PD, Henry JW, Relyea B, Gottschalk A. Elderly Patients With no Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease Show Ventilation/Perfusion Lung Scan Characteristics That Are Sensitive and Specific for Pulmonary Embolism. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 1996 Nov;5(6):36-40. PMID 11416400
Stein PD, Hull RD, Raskob GE. Withholding treatment in patients with acute pulmonary embolism who have a high risk of bleeding and negative serial noninvasive leg tests. Am J Med. 2000 Sep;109(4):301-6. PMID 10996581
# Emergency Medicine/Pancreas

The pancreas is a conglomerate gland lying transversely across the posterior wall of the abdomen. It varies in length from 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in) and has a breadth of about 3.8 cm (about 1.5 in) and a thickness of from 1.3 to 2.5 cm (0.5 to 1 in). Its usual weight is about 85 gm (about 3 oz), and its head lies in the concavity of the duodenum.
The pancreas has both an exocrine and an endocrine secretion. The exocrine secretion is made up of a number of enzymes that are discharged into the intestine to aid in digestion. The endocrine secretion, insulin, is important in the metabolism of sugar in the body. Insulin is produced in small groups of especially modified glandular cells in the pancreas; these cell groups are known as the islets of Langerhans. The failure of these cells to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin causes diabetes. In 1968 a team of surgeons at the medical school of the University of Minnesota performed the first pancreas transplants on four diabetics, using the pancreases of cadavers. Pancreas transplants remain notably difficult, with only about one in ten lasting for more than a year, even with the advent of drugs such as cyclosporine.
Diseases of the pancreas are not common. Hemorrhage in the pancreas and acute pancreatitis are, however, serious conditions. If not relieved rapidly, they may cause death. The symptoms are not definite, resembling those of peritonitis or intestinal obstruction.
# History of video games/Ninth generation of video game consoles

In ninth generation of videogame consoles, introducing the new consoles "PlayStation 5" and "Xbox Series X".

## Trends
### Audio Video improvements

This generation saw the debut of hardware raytracing support on major home consoles. Major home consoles also offered 3D audio support.

## References

* ↑ Battaglia, Alex (13 November 2020). "Watch Dogs: Legion - how does console ray tracing compare to Nvidia RTX?". Eurogamer. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
* ↑ "What 3D Audio Means for Next-Gen Games - IGN". Retrieved 11 December 2020.
* ↑ "Xbox Series X has a killer new feature that PS5 can't match". Tom's Guide. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
← Eighth generation of video game consoles · Retro gaming →
# History of video games/Open consoles
## Intro

Open source consoles are an interesting field of study, as they offer historians an easy way to see how hardware evolves over the course of a product's lifespan. They also serve as an interesting intersection between the open-design movement, and video game console hardware.

## Released Open Consoles

* UzeBox
* Tiny Arcade & Tiny Pocket
* Game Gadget
* Pokitto
* Arduboy
* Gamebuino
* Adafruit PyGamer

## References

← Indie games · Open games →
# History of video games/Microconsoles
## History

The early 2010's saw a crowdfunding boom, and with that boom came a number of microconsoles. A potential factor in the failure of early microconsoles to garner significant indie support is the increasing openness of major consoles to indie developers around this time.

## Notable Microconsoles

* Nvidia Shield TV
* Ouya
* GameStick
* M.O.J.O.
* Razer Forge TV
* Fuze Tomahawk F1
* ZTE Fun Box
* Fire TV
* Nexus Player

## References

* ↑ Kelly, Tadhg. "2013: The year of the microconsole?". www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
* ↑ "Reflections On Microconsoles". TechCrunch. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
← Retro gaming · Indie games →
# Guide to UC San Diego/Transportation and Parking
## Parking Office

The Parking Office is on the first level of the Gilman Parking Structure and the door to this office opens to Russell Lane. At the beginning of each quarter, many students need to go to the parking office and a very long line forms at times so incoming students should plan for this. Students can buy parking permits here and also at the UCSD Bookstore.

## Shuttles

There are several free shuttle routes that students can use. There are two Campus Loop routes (clockwise and counterclockwise) that run throughout the day and evening. As its name states, it runs in a big loop around the main campus. There is an East/Regents route that runs from the Price Center East to East parking lot and Regents parking lot and back throughout the day and evening. There is a Mesa Housing shuttle that runs from the Mesa apartments to the main campus and back. These shuttles run Monday through Friday during the academic quarter.

## Free Bus Route Sticker

Several public bus routes are free to UC San Diego students. These include MTS/NCTD routes 30, 41, 101, 150, 201, 202 and 921. To ride these buses for free, students must to go to the Parking Office and get a sticker attached to their Student ID. These stickers are good for one full year and enrolled students can get a new sticker each year they are a student at UC San Diego.
# Guide to Unix/BSD/NetBSD

| $_ | Wikibooks Guide to Unix Computing | Edit template |
   General: Introduction | Explanations | Why Unix-like Platforms: Linux | BSD Quick Reference: Commands | Environment Variables | Files | License
   General: Introduction | External Links Distributions: FreeBSD | Mac OS X | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Historical
NetBSD is a very portable operating system.
This page will give information specific to NetBSD, such as /etc/rc.d and sushi.
This page or section of Guide to Unix is a stub. You can help by expanding it.
# Guide to Unix/BSD/External Links

| $_ | Wikibooks Guide to Unix Computing | Edit template |
   General: Introduction | Explanations | Why Unix-like Platforms: Linux | BSD Quick Reference: Commands | Environment Variables | Files | License
   General: Introduction | External Links Distributions: FreeBSD | Mac OS X | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Historical

### DragonFly BSD

* DragonFly BSD
* Extreme BSD Evolution, The Road to the Future goals
* Frequently Asked Questions
* DragonFly BSD wiki

### FreeBSD

* FreeBSD
* FreeBSD Hypertext Manual Pages also includes manual pages from other Unix-like systems

#### FreeBSD Documentation Project

This list is taken from http://www.freebsd.org/docs/books.html
* The FreeBSD FAQ (faq) "Frequently Asked Questions, and answers, covering all aspects of FreeBSD."
* The FreeBSD Handbook (handbook) "A constantly evolving, comprehensive resource for FreeBSD users."
* The FreeBSD Developer's Handbook (developers-handbook) "For people who want to develop software for FreeBSD (and not just people who are developing FreeBSD itself)."
* The FreeBSD Architecture Handbook (arch-handbook) "For FreeBSD system developers. This book covers the architectural details of many important FreeBSD kernel subsystems."
* The Porter's Handbook (porters-handbook) "Essential reading if you plan on providing a port of a third party piece of software."
* "Design Overview of 4.4BSD" The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System (design-44bsd) "Donated by Addison-Wesley, provides a design overview of 4.4BSD, from which FreeBSD was originally derived."
* "Printserving" The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide (corp-net-guide) "Donated by Addison-Wesley, provides an in-depth look at using FreeBSD to provide printing services to Windows, NT, and Novell hosts."
* The FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors (fdp-primer) "Everything you need to know in order to start contributing to the FreeBSD Documentation Project."

### NetBSD

* NetBSD
* The NetBSD Guide
* NetBSD Manual Pages
* More Documentation

### OpenBSD

* OpenBSD
* OpenBSD Manual Pages
* OpenBSD FAQ supplement to manual pages
* Related Projects
** OpenSSH and OpenSSH FAQ
** OpenBGPD border gateway protocol
** OpenNTPD network time protocol
** OpenCVS reimplementation of CVS source version control