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## Grammar · -uire verbs

-uire verbs are conjugated irregularly.

### Formation

| conduire /kɔ̃.dɥiʁ/ (koh$^{(n)}$-deweer) | to drive |
| je conduis /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh$^{(n)}$-dewee) | I drive |
| tu conduis /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh$^{(n)}$-dewee) | you drive |
| il conduit /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh$^{(n)}$-dewee) | he drives |
| nous conduisons /kɔ̃.dɥi.zɔ̃/ (koh$^{(n)}$-dewee-zoh$^{(n)}$) | we drive |
| vous conduisez /kɔ̃.dɥi.ze/ (koh$^{(n)}$-dewee-zay) | you drive |
| ils conduisent /kɔ̃.dɥiz/ (koh$^{(n)}$-deweez) | they drive |
| conduit /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh$^{(n)}$-dewee) | driven |

### Examples
## Vocabulary · Driving

| la voiture | the car | le camion | the truck |
| le trajet | the journey | accident de la route | road accident |
| la station d'essence | the petrol/gas station | la route | the road |
| loin | far | près | near |

## Grammar · Passé composé with être

Most verbs form the passé composé with avoir, however there are a small number of verbs that are always conjugated with être. In a general case, these verbs indicate a change in state or position.

### List of verbs

The verbs that take être can be easily remembered by the acronym MRS. DR VANDERTRAMP:

### Direct objects

These verbs take their conjugated avoir when they are immediately followed by a direct object
For Example,
    Je suis descendu.
with the direct object mes bagages becomes
    J'ai descendu mes bagages.
As another example,
    Je suis monté.
with the direct object mes bagages becomes
    J'ai monté mes bagages.
As another example, but with ils instead of je,
    Ils sont sortis.
with direct object leur passeport becomes
    Ils ont sorti leur passeport.

### Subject-past participle agreement

When conjugating with être, the past participles of the above verbs must agree with the subject of a sentence in gender and number. Note that there is no agreement if these verbs are conjugated with avoir.
* If the subject is masculine singular, there is no change in the past participle.
* If the subject is feminine singular, an -e is added to the past participle.
* If the subject is masculine plural, an -s is added to the past participle.
* If the subject is feminine plural, an -es is added to the past participle.

## Vocabulary · Trains and stations

| la gare | the train station |
| le train | the train |
| conducteur de train | the train driver |
| le trajet | the journey |
| le quai | the platform |

## Grammar · The pronoun y
### Indirect object pronoun - to it, to them

The French pronoun y is used to replace an object of a prepositional phrase introduced by à.
* Je réponds aux (à les) questions. - J'y réponds.
* I respond to the questions. - I respond to them.
Note that lui and leur, and not y, are used when the object refers to a person or people.

### Replacement of places - there

The French pronoun y replaces a prepositional phrase referring to a place that begins with any preposition except de (for which en is used).
* Les hommes vont en France. - Les hommes y vont.
* The men go to France - The men go there.
Note that en, and not y is used when the preposition of the object is de.

### Idioms

* Ça y est! - There we go!, There you have it.
* J'y suis! - I get it!

## Supplementary grammar · -rir verbs

These verbs are conjugated irregularly, and normally follow the -er conjugation scheme. In past participle form, -ir is replaced with -ert for these verbs.

### Formation

A common -rir verb is ouvrir:
| ouvrir /u.vʁiʁ/ | to open |
| j'ouvre /uvʁ/ | I open |
| tu ouvres /uvʁ/ | you open |
| il ouvre /uvʁ/ | he opens |
| nous ouvrons /u.vʁɔ̃/ | we open |
| vous ouvrez /u.vʁe/ | you open |
| ils ouvrent /uvʁ/ | they open |
| ouvert /u.vɛʁ/ | opened |
The noun ouverture$^{opening}$ /u.vɛʁ.tyʁ/ is derived from ouvrir, and the adjective ouvert$^{open}$ /u.vɛʁ/ is derived from its past participle.

### -rir verb exceptions
#### To run · Courir

| courir /ku.ʁiʁ/ | to run |
| je cours /kuʁ/ | I run |
| tu cours /kuʁ/ | you run |
| il court /kuʁ/ | he runs |
| nous courons /ku.ʁɔ̃/ | we run |
| vous courez /ku.ʁe/ | you run |
| ils courent /kuʁ/ | they run |
| couru /ku.ʁy/ | run |

#### To die · Mourir

| mourir /mu.ʁiʁ/ | to die |
| je meurs /kuʁ/ | I die |
| tu meurs /kuʁ/ | you die |
| il meurt /kuʁ/ | he dies |
| nous mourons /ku.ʁɔ̃/ | we die |
| vous mourez /ku.ʁe/ | you die |
| ils meurent /kuʁ/ | they die |
| mort /mɔʁ/ | died |
$^1$Mourir is the only -ir verb that takes être as its helping verb in perfect tenses (and therefore agrees with the subject as a past participle in a perfect tense).
The word mort /mɔʁ/ is also used as a noun, meaning death or dead person, or as an adjective, meaning dead:
    Le roi est mort. - The king is dead.
The derived word mourant /mu.ʁɑ̃/ means dying or person who is dying.

#### To acquire · Acquérir

| acquérir /a.ke.ʁiʁ/ | to acquire |
| j'acquiers /a.kjɛʁ/ | I acquire |
| tu acquiers /a.kjɛʁ/ | you acquire |
| il acquiert /a.kjɛʁ/ | he acquires |
| nous acquérons /a.ke.ʁɔ̃/ | we acquire |
| vous acquérez /a.ke.ʁe/ | you acquire |
| ils acquièrent /a.kjɛʁ/ | they acquire |
| acquis /a.ki/ | acquired |
Acquis is also a noun, meaning asset.

### Examples
## Exercises

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