OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# AP Biology/Cell-Cell Interactions

Cell communication and cell-to-cell interaction is the basis for multicellular life. Without intercellular interaction, no organism could carry out the complex biochemical processes necessary for life. Cells communicate using chemical messengers, which cause cascade reactions that cause a change in the actual cell.

## Cellular Transport

Cells are constantly taking in and releasing chemical products.

## Cell Junctions

Gap Junctions - allow direct communication from cells by exchanging cytoplasmic contents
Desmosomes
Tight junctions
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Enforcement Rules for the Act Governing Relations between Peoples of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area

The Enforcement Rules for the Act Governing Relations between Peoples of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area administratively supplement the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area.

## History

From http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=Q0010002 :
* Full text of 56 articles enacted and promulgated per the Order of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. (81)-Tai-Fa-Tze-31666 dated September 16, 1992;
* Amendment of Article 43 promulgated per the Order of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. (83)-Tai-Fa-Tze-39340 dated October 19, 1994;
* Amendment of Articles 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 18, 26 through 29, 31, 33, 34, 39, 43, 47, and 56, addition of Articles 25-1 through 25-8, and 54-1, and deletion of Articles 12 and 16 promulgated per the Order of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. (87)-Tai-Fa-Tze-21470 dated May 6, 1998;
* Amendment of Articles 3 and 56 promulgated per the Order of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. (91)-Tai-Mi-Tze-0910081013 dated January 30, 2002;
* Amendment of Articles 4, 5, 19 and 50 and addition of Article 5-1 promulgated per the Order of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. Tai-Mi-Tze-0910063700 dated December 30, 2002;
* Amendment of full text of 73 articles promulgated per the Order of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. Tai-Mi-Tze-0920094274 dated December 29, 2003, and implemented since the date of promulgation.
* Amendment of Articles 12, 18, 21, 22, 26, 37, 40, 47, 65 promulgated per the Order of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. Tai-Fa-Tze-1030155687 dated December 11, 2014.
    The authorization and duties of article 18 and the paragraph 2 of article 22 of the Executive Yuan Ref. No. Tai-Gui-Tze-1030158355 promulgated on December 26, 2014 were under jurisdiction of the National Immigration Agency of the Ministry of the Interior since January 2, 2015.

## Wikibooks annotation

* ↑ This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens/Article 19

| ←Article 11 to Article 18 | Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 19 |

## First promulgated on 2020-02-25
### Article 19

    The implementation period of the Act shall be January 15, 2020 to June 30, 2021 except for Articles 12 to 16 which shall be implemented on the promulgation date.
    The Act may be extended with the approval of the Legislative Yuan upon expiry.

## Promulgated amendment on 2021-05-31
### Article 19

(Pending governmental translation)

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). Retrieved 2021-06-02.
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Enforcement Rules of the Immigration Act

The Enforcement Rules of the Immigration Act administratively supplement the Immigration Act in Taiwan.

## History

From http://law.moj.gov.tw/eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=D0080133 :
* This Act’s entire 66 articles were promulgated and went into effect on 30 October 1999 by the Ministry of the Interior.
* This Act’s Articles 27 and 37 were amended and promulgated on 13 December 2000 by the Ministry of the Interior.
* This Act’s Articles 8-1, 8-2, 26, 43, 45, and 62 to 64 were amended and Article 65 was deleted, which was promulgated on 3 January 2001 by the Executive Yuan.
* This Act’s Article 42 was amended and promulgated on 1 April 2004 by the Ministry of the Interior.
* This Act’s Article 42 was amended and promulgated on 14 February 2008 by the Ministry of the Interior.
* The new Act’s entire 41 articles were promulgated on 5 August 2008 by the Ministry of the Interior and its effective date was to be set by the same ministry. The new Act was promulgated to go into effect on 1 August 2008 by the Ministry of the Interior.
* The new Act’s Article 16 was amended and promulgated on 14 November 2008 by the Ministry of the Interior; this article went into effect on 16 November 2008.
* The Act’s Article 39 and 41 were amended and Article 4, Chapter 4 (including title, Article 21 and Article 22) were deleted, these changes were promulgated on September 14, 2012.
* The Act’s Article 14 was amended and promulgated on December19 ,2013 by the Ministry of the Interior.

## Wikibooks annotation

* ↑ This full amendment is in a separate page, and later partial amendments are in other separate pages per articles.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens/Article 9-1

| ←Article 1 to Article 9 | Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 9-1 | Article 10 to Article 11→ |

## Newly adopted and promulgated on 2020-04-21
### Article 9-1

    Income tax shall be waived for subsidies, support, allowances, incentives, or compensation provided by the government to individuals or entities affected by the severe pneumonia with novel pathogens in accordance with this Special Act, Article 53 of the Communicable Disease Control Act, or other laws or regulations.
    The subsidies, support, allowances, incentives, or compensation provided by the government and specified in the preceding paragraph may not be used as the objects for offsetting, seizure, guarantee, or compulsory enforcement.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). Retrieved 2021-06-02.
# Annotated Republic of China Regulations
## Introduction

The Regulations of the Republic of China (ROC) are promulgated by various governmental agencies. The ROC was based in Mainland China from 1912 to 1949. After Taiwan Retrocession on 25 October 1945, the ROC lost Mainland to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 and retreated with its laws and regulations to Taiwan.
This book annotates the ROC regulations that tend to be even more frequently amended than laws. Sometimes past versions still have important needs in legal processes. To make reading and maintenance simpler, unamended articles are grouped together per regulation and amended articles are shown in separate pages to ease historical comparison.

## Language disclaimer

As the ROC officially speaks Mandarin Chinese only, English translations are for informal reference only. In case of formal legal needs, the original traditional Chinese versions shall always prevail. This book does not provide legal advice.

## Copyright information

Article 9 of the Copyright Act in effect in Taiwan :
"The following items shall not be the subject matter of copyright:
* The constitution, acts, regulations, or official documents.
* Translations or compilations by central or local government agencies of works
The term "official documents" in the first subparagraph of the preceding paragraph includes proclamations, text of speeches, news releases, and other documents prepared by civil servants in the course of carrying out their duties."
In the USA hosting Wikibooks, a regulation is an edict of government and the United States Copyright Office consider it not copyrightable based on earlier judicial case laws.
However, private translations of regulations may be copyright-restricted and therefore not acceptable here. This book tries to use governmental translations without copyright restriction as noted. Otherwise, this book may have wiki users' translations under the CC BY-SA 3.0 License and the GFDL.

## Contents

| Chinese Wikisource link | English translation | Source |
| s:zh:兒童及少年福利與權益保障法施行細則 (前兒童及少年福利法施行細則) | Children; Youth Welfare and Rights Act, Certain Provisions in the Amendments For the By-laws of the Protection of (formerly Enforcement Rules of Children and Youth Welfare Law) | |
| s:zh:入出國及移民法施行細則 | Immigration Act, Enforcement Rules of the | |
| s:zh:原住民族工作權保障法施行細則 | Indigenous Peoples Employment Rights Protection Act Implementation Procedure | |
| s:zh:電影法施行細則 | Motion Picture Act, The Enforcement Rules of the | |
| s:zh:電影片分級處理辦法 | Motion Pictures, Regulations Governing the Classification of | |
| s:zh:姓名條例施行細則 | Name Act, Enforcement Rules of the | |
| s:zh:國籍法施行細則 | Nationality Act, Enforcement Rules of the | |
| s:zh:中華民國紅十字會法施行細則 | Red Cross Society Act of the Republic of China, Enforcement Rules for the | |
| s:zh:道路交通標誌標線號誌設置規則 | Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals, Regulations for | commons:道路交通標誌標線號誌設置規則 |
| s:zh:臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例施行細則 | Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, Enforcement Rules for the Act Governing Relations between Peoples of the | |
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Calypso
## Contents

The following list contains links to the initial page of the Odyssey and to each of the fifteen pages of its first episode Calypso. Page 52 is blank. The pagination is that of the original edition of Ulysses, published in Paris on 2 February 1922.
Status of this episode: as of December 2020, the only annotations are on page 61.
Episode 4: Calypso
* Page 51
* Page 52
* Page 53
* Page 54
* Page 55
* Page 56
* Page 57
* Page 58
* Page 59
* Page 60
* Page 61
* Page 62
* Page 63
* Page 64
* Page 65
* Page 66
* Page 67
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/143
## Annotations

deus nobis hæc otia fecit (Latin) a god has made these comforts for us. The line is a quotation from Virgil's collection of pastoral poems, Eclogues 1:6.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 153. Thornton (1968) 127.
* ↑ Eclogues 1.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Calypso/054
## Annotations

chookchooks: Chook is an Australian/New Zealand call made to chickens.
drouth: A variation of the word drought, a period of drier than normal conditions.
quoits: iron or brass rings, perhaps washers to secure part of Bloom's bed.
short knock: The sound of a gavel at the end of a hastily concluded bidding process heard at an auction.
Tweedy: Bloom's father-in-law, Brian Tweedy.
Plevna: A city in North Bulgaria, the site of a major battle of the Russo-Turkish War fought in 1877.
corner: Buying up controlling shares of a limited supply, in this case valuable stamps.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Calypso/055
## Annotations

In the swim: collusion, secret or deceitful cooperation.
Potato: carried in Bloom’s pocket as a talisman.
Arthur Griffith: Irish politician and founder of the Irish political party for independence from the British, Sinn Féin(Ourselves or We Ourselves).
Ikey: anti-Semitic reference, possibly related to the bank of Ireland.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Aeolus/141
## Annotations

Nulla bona (Latin) No property. Nulla bona is a legal term indicating that an individual has no goods or possessions that might be seized, mortgaged or sold to pay his debts. J. J. O'Molloy is trying to borrow money from the editor of the Evening Telegraph Myles Crawford (see 120.23 ff.), but Crawford pleads that he has nothing to give.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1968) 152.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Calypso/053
## Annotations

hencods' roes: The eggs of a female (hen) cod fish.
gelid: extremely cold
peckish: slightly hungry
hob: a flat metal shelf at the side or back of a fireplace, used for heating pans.
# ANTFARM/General

Commands for setting up and running Posgresql Database with Antfarm.
Whether you are running Antfarm with a self-defined environment (reflected in defaults.yml file) or with the default environment, the following Antfarm Commands are useful.
# ANTFARM/General/Antfarm Commands

Create the database (Postgres only):
Resetting the tables in the database:
Migrating the tables in the database:
If you have a file (<filename>) that has a list of known networks (a file that contains the networks, one per line, followed by a "/" and the xx or xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask):
If you have a file (<filename>) that has a list of one or more hosts, one per line:
To visualize the network (static view):
To visualize the network (active view): With the active view, the nodes "float" around on the page.
# Advanced Network Toolkit for Assessments and Remote Mapping

ANTFARM is a passive network mapping application that utilizes output from existing network examination tools to populate its OSI-modeled database. This data can then be used to form a ‘picture’ of the network being analyzed. ANTFARM is a data fusion tool that does not directly interact with the network. The analyst can use a variety of passive or active data gathering techniques, the outputs of which are loaded into ANTFARM and incorporated into the network map. Data gathering can be limited to completely passive techniques when minimizing the risk of disrupting the operational network is a concern.

## Tutorials

* General
* Traceroute
* PCAP

## Websites

Code development takes place from GitHub. The latest source code for each ANTFARM release is mirrored at the RubyForge project as well as SCM.
* Home page.
* RubyForge Project
* GitHub Project

## Further reading

Other wikibooks that discuss computer networks:
* Network Plus Certification
* Communication Networks
# ANTFARM/General/Commands

The following needs to be done in order to use the Postgresql database in Antfarm:
The user that you create will be the user who is associated with all of the antfarm files and must have permission to all Antfarm files, that is why they will be considered a superuser in this aspect.
For each environment used, the following commands are used to set up your database.
# ANTFARM/General/defaults.yml file

The defaults.yml file is where the environments that you are running in antfarm are defined. This file usually resides in .antfarm/config
The default environment with no other definitions nor the use of the -e option is 'antfarm'. The defaults.yml file initially has the following:
If other environments are added (userenvironment1 & userenvironment2 are examples here), the defaults.yml file look like:
and so on
# ANTFARM/PCAP

Parsing a PCAP file using Antfarm:
For your PCAP file:
NOTE: Your customized script will be automatically saved in the following location:
When you run the following command at the prompt ($):
you will see the name of your customized script under "custom".
Run Antfarm pcap script on your pcap file (do not include brackets in filenames unless they are a part of the filename):
For use on a single PCAP file, use:
For use on a whole directory of PCAP files, use:
At this point, you have parsed your pcap file (<PCAP text file>)using a custom PCAP script in Antfarm (<PCAP script filename>) and the parsed information is saved in your environment (<environment name>).
You can view the output on Antfarm by running the following command (4. For traffic view, 5. For network view):
When displaying the traffic flow from a larger PCAP file, the visual becomes harder to read on the screen. Luckily there is an option that will help minimize this. The "collapse-ports" option allows you to only include one node for each port number discovered in the PCAP file.
The latest version of Antfarm the display is static, using the command above. If you wish to see an animated version of the display, use the following command (using display networks as an example):
Sometimes, the PCAP files that are produced are much too large, use the following command to downsize the PCAP file to a more reasonable size (through the number of packets):
Sample PCAP script
# ANTFARM/Traceroute

This is a work in progress as of 12/3/08.
Assuming that the user is implementing the latest version of Antfarm, which uses postgresql database. If you are using Antfarm that does not use postgresql database, you can use the following instructions to get started.
Now that you are using Antfarm with postgresql database, use the following Commands to set up your database to be filled with good information!
Parsing a traceroute file using Antfarm:
For your traceroute file:
NOTE: Your customized script will be automatically saved in the following location:
When you run the following command at the prompt ($):
you will see the name of your customized script under "custom".
Run Antfarm traceroute script on your traceroute file (do not include brackets in filenames):
At this point, you have parsed your traceroute file (<traceroute filename>)using the custom traceroute script in Antfarm (<traceroute script filename>) and the parsed information is saved in your environment (<environment name>).
You can view the output on Antfarm by running the following command (3. For traffic view, 4. For network view):
When displaying the traffic flow from a larger traceroute file, the visual becomes harder to read on the screen. Luckily there is an option that will help minimize this. The "collapse-ports" option allows you to only include one node for each port number discovered in the traceroute file.
The latest version of Antfarm the display is static, using the command above. If you wish to see an animated version of the display, use the following command (using display networks as an example):
Sample traceroute script
# ANTFARM/Traceroute/Commands

Database setup commands:
The environment name is Antfarm specific (see link).
# ANTFARM/PCAP/PCAP script

Parsing through the PCAP file and determining whether or not each source or target address is already in the network that is in the database. This is done when the—create-new-networks option is used.
# Basic Book Design/Widows And Orphans

A widow is a short line (one or two words) ending a paragraph at the top of a page. Widows should be avoided.
An orphan is the first line of a paragraph ending a page.
Microsoft Word has automated widow/orphan control, in Format…Paragraph…Line and Page Breaks. I suggest not using it, for two reasons. First, Microsoft Word doesn't count the number of words in a widow. According to the Chicago Manual of Style (19.40), a ten-word line isn't a widow, and is acceptable.
Second, the Chicago Manual of Style doesn't say anything about orphans, so I presume these are acceptable. Orphans are always full lines (never one or two words).
# Basic Book Design/Writing Out Numbers

The Chicago Manual of Style (8.3) advocates spelling out whole numbers from one through one hundred. However, this makes text less readable (and also longer). Few people see ninety spelled out, but everyone sees 90 often. E.g., advertisements say "90 Days Same As Cash!"
I suggest spelling out whole numbers one through twelve, and multiples of ten, through one hundred. Use numerals for all other numbers.
Where you switch from written numbers to numerals is unimportant. What counts is being consistent. E.g., don't write "thirteen" on one page, and "13" on another.
Exceptions include quotations (use what was written in the original), money, percentages (e.g., 70% is easier to read than seventy percent), and when a sentence has two or more numbers (e.g., "The average woman moves in with a man at age 20 or 21.").
# Basic Computer Security/Ethical Hacking

Authors: Siraj Ud din(C):
Are we safe? A question which is asked by every computer user, but no one will reply... We are not safe because there is no such operating system which is perfect from security aspects.
Whether we recognize it or not, when we connected to the Internet in our home or office, we are all vulnerable. In fact, connecting to the Internet makes you a member (either willing or unwilling) of a community in which everyone becomes part of an enormous system - one much larger than any individual and where time and distance are almost eliminated. The interconnectivity brings all the participants in a close proximity to each other. Your neighbor next door could be a hacker in a foreign country with intent to harm or a young talented kind searching out your vulnerabilities just for kicks.
We will study Ethical Hacking in the form of modulus.
* Foot Printing
* Scanning
* Enumeration
* Banner Gathering
* Hacking Linux OS
* Hacking Windows NT
# Basic Computer Security/Further Reading

    Computer security
       — models
       — software
          Operating system —
          Free security software
          Security testing tools
       — network
          Internet security
             Web security exploits
                Cross-site scripting
          Cyberattacks
          Network analyzers
          Computer access control
       — exploits
          Malware
             Malware by type
                Types of malware
                   Ransomware
          Injection exploits
          Cryptographic attacks
          Covert channel
       Data security
       Cryptography
          Cryptographic hash functions
          Broken cryptography algorithms
          Symmetric-key algorithm
             Session key
          Public-key cryptography (Asymmetric key encryption)
             Public key infrastructure
             Diffie–Hellman key exchange
             Public-key encryption schemes
                Naccache–Stern knapsack cryptosystem
                RSA
          Cryptographic protocols
          Encryption
          Stream cipher
          Block ciphers
             Advanced Encryption Standard
       Data security
       Mobile security
    Cybercrime
       Hacking
       Vulnerability
       Social engineering
    Humor
       Evil bit
Further reading
    https://security.stackexchange.com
Books
    Hacking tools
    S in The Computer Revolution
Courses
    https://www.udemy.com/topic/cyber-security/
    https://www.futurelearn.com/subjects/it-and-computer-science-courses/cyber-security
    https://www.coursera.org/browse/information-technology/security
# Basic Computer Security/Malware
## Malware

Although at first the viruses were the greatest threat to internet connectivity, computer hackers are creative people and a great number of different types of programs were designed to break into or play with other computers. When security professional realized that virus hardening programs were becoming more or less effective, they soon realized that they needed a larger term to call the myriad different other types of destructive, and attack software out there.
The winner was the term malware, taken from the French word malaise or sickness. Malware was any program that eventually made your computer sick.