OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Guide to Inkscape/Making a Tomato

We want to make a juicy and plump tomato. Mouthwatering to look at, we really want to bring our product to life.
NOTE:In some versions SHIFT + CRTL + F is replaced by CRTL + ALT + F to access the attributes of an object
* Using the Circle tool draw a circle on the page
* With the circle selected, press SHIFT + CRTL + F to go to its attributes
* Change the Opacity to 80%
* Change the colour to a nice tomato red
* With the circle tool again, draw an ellipse, the same width as the tomato, below the tomato, this will be our shadow
* With the ellipse selected, press SHIFT + CRTL + F
* Change the blur to 20%, you can check the results as you move the slider.
* To add the leaves, select the calligraphy tool and change the colour to green
* In the calligraphy tool, change the Thinning attribute to 0.90
* Scribble the leaves on, if you aren't satisfied, delete them and try again.
* select the main body of the tomato and press CTRL + D, this will make an exact copy of the tomato directly over the original
* Select this new copy and press SHIFT + CRTL + F
* Change the Alpha channel to 50%
* Change the colour to white, you should now have a hazy looking tomato
* select the 'haze' and press CTRL + SHIFT + C, this will change the haze from being a circle to allow you to change its shape more vigorously
* With the Node editing tool select the haze and using the square handles crop the haze to look like a reflection. If you want to add more square handles to the haze just double click.
* Sit back and admire your work
← Importing · Appendices →
# A Guide to Inkscape/Links
## See also

* Help:Tutorial for Vectorial graphism — a basic tutorial on Inkscape; 3400 words,
* Help:Inkscape#Saving files in Inkscape
* Help:Text and Inkscape — 380 words

## Links
### Official links

* Inkscape — Official Web Page

### Manual links

* Manual at flossmanuals.net — licensed under GNU GPL V2
* Inkscape Manual — by Tavmjong Bah, available without paying only for personal use

### Tutorial links

* SVG tutorial — Jakob Jenkov
* Inkscape tutorials — at pearltrees.com
* Inkscape tutorials — at inkscapetutorials.org
* Inkscape tutorials — at goinkscape.com

### Graphic links

* 50 websites for free vector downloads — hongkiat.com
* Inkscape drawings — at DeviantArt
* Inkscape v0.48 Keyboard Layout — at Open Clipart
* Public Domain — at publicdomainvectors.org
* Inkscape vectors — at scalablegfx.com
* Free icons — at iconmonstr.com

### Texture links

* Textures — at mayang.com
* Textures — at imageafter.com
* Textures — at digitalcraftsman.com
* Textures — at textures.com
* Textures — at texturelabs.org
← Glossary
# A Guide to Inkscape/Filters

← Text · Extensions →
# A Guide to Inkscape/Importing
## Bitmap images

Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl+I
To link or insert a bitmap image they must be in PNG or JPEG file format. The original/source image can be pasted from the clipboard or by dragging and dropping an image file from the desktop onto the Inkscape canvas. These two methods link image rendering to the original file and are not embedded (inserted) into Inkscape's .svg file. If the original (linked) file is moved to another folder or deleted the linked image file will not be rendered (shown) onto the Inkscape canvas.
To turn selected or all of the linked image files into embedded images, use the Menu bar ‣Extensions ‣‣Images ‣‣‣Embed images... .
← Exporting · Examples →
# A Guide to Inkscape/Index

This is an alphabetical index to the book.

## 3D boxes

* 3D Boxes

## A

* Arcs

## B

* Bitmap images
* Bounding boxes

## C

* Circles
* Color Picker tool (a.k.a. Dropper)
* Connector tool
* Commands bar
* Cursor display

## D

* Divergence (Spirals)
* Dots using the Pencil tool

## E

* Ellipses

## F

* Fill and Stroke

## G

* Guidelines
* Gradient tool

## H

* History

## I

* Import bitmap images

## L

* Layer settings (Statusbar)

## M

* Menu bar

## N

* Navigation
* Node tool
* Notification Display

## O

* Opacity (numeric-value) box

## P

* Polygons
* Palette bar

## R

* Raster images
* Rectangles
* Rulers bar

## S

* Selector tool
* Shape tools
* Snap Controls bar
* Spirals
* Squares
* Stars
* Statusbar
* Style Settings

## T

* Tool Controls bar
* Toolbox bar
* Tool tips (Notification Display)

## W

* Window sizing
* Window selection

## Z

* Zoom box
* Zoom tool
← Appendix B:References · Glossary →
# A Guide to Inkscape/Object Properties

← Other Tools · Layers →
# Biblical Studies/Old Testament Commentaries
## Historical
### 5 Major

Genesis | Exodus | Leviticus | Numbers | Deuteronomy

### 12 Minor

Joshua | Judges | Ruth | 1 Samuel | 2 Samuel | 1 Kings | 2 Kings | 1 Chronicles | 2 Chronicles | Ezra | Nehemiah | Esther

## Experiential

Job | Psalms | Proverbs | Ecclesiastes | Song of Solomon

## Prophetical
### 5 Major

Isaiah | Jeremiah | Lamentations | Ezekiel | Daniel

### 12 Minor

Hosea | Joel | Amos | Obadiah | Jonah | Micah | Nahum | Habakkuk | Zephaniah | Haggai | Zechariah | Malachi

## Deuterocanonical Books

Tobit | Judith | Additions to Esther | Wisdom of Solomon | Ecclesiasticus | Song of Three Young Men | Susanna | Bel and the Dragon | Baruch | Letter of Jeremiah | 1 Macabbees | 2 Macabbees
# Exodus

Texts:
* The Free Bible: Exodus
* ספר שמות

## Chapter 6
### Verse 3

* The untranslated text makes the point of the passage especially clear: the patriarchs were worshippers of El, specifically El Shaddai (אל שדי); the name Yahweh (יהוה) was unknown to them.

## Notes

* ↑ See, for example, Smith 2001, p. 141

## References

* Smith, Mark S. (2001), The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts (2nd ed.), New York: OUP, ISBN 978-0195134803
# Biblical Studies/Old Testament Commentaries/Isaiah
## Isaiah/Introduction

The Book of Isaiah is one of the most significant books in the Bible, and is often called the "Gospel of Isaiah" because of the gospel characteristics in its pages. There is no other book in the Hebrew Scriptures that has as many references to the Messiah as in Isaiah. It is cited more than any other Old Testament book except for the book of Psalms.
# Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of John/The Apostle John

The apostle John, brother of James and son of Zebedee, one of Jesus' original twelve disciples/apostles, is traditionally viewed as the author of the Gospel of John. According to church tradition he was the only one of the Twelve to live to an old age and die a natural death. This would mean either that he refers to himself in the Gospel, or that the final author/editor/compiler refers to him, as the "disciple whom Jesus loved". This disciple is described as being present at Jesus' crucifixion, however, which is difficult to fit together with the information from the Synoptic Gospels, which suggest that all of the Twelve fled when Jesus was arrested, and only Peter is said to have followed at some distance (see further Mark 14:50, 54, 66-72). However, it is clear from John's Gospel, that John himself was meticulous in his description of the events surrounding the Crucifixion, including Jesus placing his mother Mary in the care of John.
There is at any rate significant debate about whether the Gospel of John was actually written by John the apostle. From internal evidence, one might conclude that Lazarus was the author, since he is the only named individual specifically referred to as the one whom Jesus loves (John 11:3). However, this reference to Lazarus is only a secondary reference to one of many people who Jesus loved and cannot easily support authorship of a Gospel.
Although authorship is still debated, historical testimonies strongly support John, the son of Zebedee, as the author of this Gospel as well as the other Johannine works (Epistles of John, Revelation). External evidence is found in the writings of the church fathers -- Ignatius, Polycarp, Tatian, Theophilus -- who testify that John wrote these works. Eusebius also testifies to the fact that John wrote his Gospel last of all, between 80 - 95 AD. This is further substantiated by Irenaeus who wrote that John eventually moved to Ephesus and lived to be an old man, living during the reign of Trajan (98 - 117 AD).
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Deref
## Description

The attribute typ'Deref(expr) where expr is of type System.Address yields the variable of type typ that is located at the given address. It is similar to (totyp (expr).all), where totyp is an unchecked conversion from address to a named access-to- type, except that it yields a variable, so it can be used on the left side of an assignment.
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Elab Spec

This attribute can only be applied to a program unit name. It returns the entity for the corresponding elaboration procedure for elaborating the spec of the referenced unit. This is used in the main generated elaboration procedure by the binder and is not normally used in any other context. However, there may be specialized situations in which it is useful to be able to call this elaboration procedure from Ada code, e.g., if it is necessary to do selective re-elaboration to fix some error.
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Definite
## Description

S'Definite yields True if the actual subtype corresponding to S is definite; otherwise, it yields False.
The value of this attribute is of the predefined type Boolean.
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Delta
## Description

X'Delta is an Ada attribute where X is any fixed point type. This attribute represents the delta specified in the type definition of X.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Attributes
* Ada Programming/Types/delta
* Ada Programming/Attributes/'Digits

### Ada Reference Manual

* 13.3 Operational and Representation Attributes (Annotated)
* Annex K Language-Defined Attributes (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Elab Body
## Description

This attribute can only be applied to a program unit name. It returns the entity for the corresponding elaboration procedure for elaborating the body of the referenced unit. This is used in the main generated elaboration procedure by the binder and is not normally used in any other context. However, there may be specialized situations in which it is useful to be able to call this elaboration procedure from Ada code, e.g., if it is necessary to do selective re-elaboration to fix some error.
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Default Scalar Storage Order
## Description

Standard'Default_Scalar_Storage_Order (Standard is the only allowed prefix), provides the current value of the default scalar storage order (as specified using pragma Default_Scalar_Storage_Order, or equal to Default_Bit_Order if unspecified) as a System.Bit_Order value. This is a static attribute.
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Digits
## Description

X'Digits is an Ada attribute where X is any floating point type or decimal fixed point type. This attribute represents the number of decimal digits in the mantissa of type X.

## See also
### Wikibook

* Ada Programming
* Ada Programming/Attributes

### Ada Reference Manual

* 13.3 Operational and Representation Attributes (Annotated)
* Annex K Language-Defined Attributes (Annotated)
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Default Bit Order
## Description

Standard'Default_Bit_Order (Standard is the only allowed prefix), provides the value System.Default_Bit_Order as a Pos value (0 for High_Order_First, 1 for Low_Order_First). This is used to construct the definition of Default_Bit_Order in package System.
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Descriptor Size
## Description

Nonstatic attribute Descriptor_Size returns the size in bits of the descriptor allocated for a type. The result is non-zero only for unconstrained array types and the returned value is of type universal integer. In GNAT, an array descriptor contains bounds information and is located immediately before the first element of the array.
The attribute takes into account any padding due to the alignment of the component type. In the example above, the descriptor contains two values of type Short_Short_Integer representing the low and high bound. But, since Positive has an alignment of 4, the size of the descriptor is 2 * Short_Short_Integer'Size rounded up to the next multiple of 32, which yields a size of 32 bits, i.e. including 16 bits of padding.
# Ada Programming/Attributes/'Denorm
## Description

True if every value is expressible in canonical form with an an expo-nent of T’Machine_Emin.
Yields the value True if every value expressible in the form
± mantissa · T'Machine_Radix$^{T'Machine_Emin}$
where mantissa is a nonzero T'Machine_Mantissa-digit fraction in the number base T'Machine_Radix, the first digit of which is zero, is a machine number (see 3.5.7) of the type T; yields the value False otherwise.
The value of this attribute is of the predefined type Boolean.
# Configuration
## Getting started with Cisco

Modes
Configuring your Cisco Router
Then go to the global configuration mode...
Configuring Hostname
Designate the DNS server
Then save configuration using CTRL+Z
Configure Serial and Ethernet Interfaces
Note the no shutdown command. An interface may be correctly configured and physically connected, yet be "administratively down". In this state it will not function. The command for causing an interface to be administratively down is shutdown.
Configuring Cisco Routing
Configuring Access Lists and Network Security

## References

http://www.opennet.ru/soft/cisco-configuration.html http://www.tele.pitt.edu/~telelab/labs/General%20Lab%20Documentation/pdf/GeneralLab%20Documentation~Cisco%20Router%20Configuration%20Tutorial~08.20.05.pdf
# Botany/Plant cells discussion

The questions posed in Chapter 2. Plant cells are discussed further on this page. Remember, some questions are intended to be thought-provoking and more than one answer may be "correct". Students and contributors are encouraged to expand upon the discussions here.
We know that building any structure from small, similar or identical units will confer advantages on that structure over a similar structure molded in one piece, despite the fact that the former approach is likely to be more time consuming to undertake. Consider building a house out of clay (mud), something that is done in many parts of the world where the climate is dry. Typically the mud is attached to other structural elements (called wattle) of sticks or even grasses. In time the mud dries and hardens, forming a shelter that lasts, so long as it is not permitted to get too wet for too long. Yet, such structures have also been built for centuries in very wet places like London and New York. However, the problem of the dried clay returning to soft mud in a heavy downpour was solved by dividing the clay into small units that could be fired in a kiln to a dryness and hardness that completely resisted rewetting. We call these units bricks. Using bricks (small units) for construction of walls provided many benefits to the resulting structure: the units could receive special treatment so the resulting structure could be made stronger (and thus taller) and very resistant to weathering. Constructing from small units meant materials could be made elsewhere, then transported and assembled on the site. Structures could be designed to be identical to other structures, for more efficiency in construction and use.
Although multicellular organisms are not exactly like brick houses, think of how the advantages of building structures out of bricks can be advantageous properties for an organism as well.
We believe that life arose as contained chemical reactions in very small structures that reproduced. It is hard to imagine that anything else would be regarded as "living". Chemical reactions in an open environment, although more or less identical with the reactions carried out within a cell, simply lack permanence or continuity: the reactions run their course until reactants are used up. Our definition of life requires control over such chemical reactions, and the complexity of reactions involved in living systems requires boundaries that separate the life reactions from the outside environment. However, with a membrane (a separating boundary) the area enclosed cannot efficiently increase in size indefinitely. The larger the volume inside (the bigger the "cell"), the further from the membrane reactions near the middle become. Since reactions inside require access to substances in the environment outside and perhaps removal of useless or harmful substances from inside to outside, a living cell cannot just grow to a large size.
<< Chapter 2
# Botany/Plant reproduction laboratory flower
## Chapter 5. Plant Reproduction Laboratory ~ Flowers
### An orchid flower

This first laboratory exercise for Chapter 4 deals with the flowers of a ground orchid from Southeast Asia. The photograph on the right demonstrates the descriptive terminology that can be applied to this species. You may wish to read about orchids to place this plant taxonomically and better understand unusual aspects of the structure of this flower. In reading the description below, be sure you understand how or why each bolded word applies to this specimen. Also, observe that the flowering-through-fruiting sequence is well demonstrated in the photograph because each flower is in a slightly different phase of its life cycle from bud to fruit.
    Spathoglottis plicata Blume — The flowers of this orchid are carried on an erect raceme growing out of the pseudobulb, each flower subtended by a green to purplish bract that becomes strongly reflexed with age. The purple sepals and petals are similar and spreading, elliptic to elliptic-ovate; the labellum is in three distinct parts: the lateral lobes narrow and erect, the middle lobe horizontal and cleft or 2-lobed. Lying above the latter is the narrowly clavate column. The inferior ovary in Spathoglottis develops into a cylindrical capsule (fruit) as the perianth withers.
4-1. Review the photograph of the inflorescence of the orchid. Which one of these statements is true:
    a) this inflorescence demonstrates determinate growth
    b) this inflorescence could as well be called a spike
    c) the uppermost flower shows anthesis.
    d) there are five petals, therefore this is a dicot.
Following are a series of photographs of flowers from various plants. Note that by clicking on the word "Examine" in each title, you can enlarge the particular photograph for closer examination. Read each question and the offered answers carefully. All parts of answer choice must be correct for that choice to be correct.
4-2. The structure at B is:
    a) leaf
    b) corolla
    c) ligule
    d) sepal
    e) petiole
4-3. Although the flowers in these three photographs appear very different, the following parts or floral structures are essentially the same:
    a) AA and F
    b) BB and C
    c) G and H
    d) F and B
    e) D and BB
4-4. Which statement of the following applies to the structure indicated at E :
    a) Pollen grains have landed on this pistil
    b) Androecium of a monoecious plant
    c) This is a spathe
    d) E is an anther releasing pollen
    e) This flower head is on a dioecious plant
<< Return to Chapter 5
Answers to Chapter 4 Laboratory Questions:
    4-1 ~ c (this flower alone is capable of pollination)
    4-2 ~ b (A flower head with tubular disk corollas)
    4-3 ~ d (both F and B indicate petals of their respective flowers)
    4-4 ~ d (the androecium is supported on a tubular structure (G) that surrounds the pistil (H)
# Botany/Plant reproduction laboratory seed
## A monocot seedling

The photograph at the right shows two germinating seeds. These are seeds of the fan palm, Pritchardia remota, a species found naturally only on (endemic to) the remote island of Nihoa in the Hawaiian islands. The seed on the left is in the proper orientation in the planting medium (only a part of the fruit coat covering the seed is visible), while the one on the right (in a slightly earlier stage) has been laid on the surface in order to better reveal development of the root. The following structures are labeled:
    co - coleoptile or shoot pole of plant axis; essentially a cap within which the plumule (first leaf) is developing, to eventually project through as in the seedling on the left.
    ra - radicle; primordial root or root pole of axis (note tiny root cap), buried in the medium in the seedling on the left.
    sc - scuttelum; that part of the cotyledon that remains inside the seed to absorb food stored in an endosperm.
(enlarge to examine).
<< Return to Chapter 5
# Botany/Pinophyta

<< Contents Page | Chapter 13 | Chapter 14 | Chapter 15

## Chapter 14. Pinophyta

The Division Pinophyta in the Kingdom Plantae comprises those species of plants that were formerly classified as the "modern" gymnosperms of the Class Coniferales—that is the conifers. Unlike many of the gymnosperm groups covered in the previous chapter, pinophytes are today still broadly represented on the landscape, forming extensive forests in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. This does not mean this is a recent group in the paleontological record. Pinophytes are found as fossils as far back as the Upper Carboniferous (Paleozoic Era). Thus, it is a very ancient group, but one still having significant ecological importance on the planet. Pinophytes are mostly evergreen trees (some are shrubs) and many have great commercial value for their wood.
* Reread Gymnosperm (Links need not be pursued at this time)
* Read Conifers (Links need not be pursued at this time)
These terms, gymnosperm and conifer no longer have standing in modern taxonomic treatments of plants. However, both terms are still widely used, so you should have a grasp of what they mean, and how they fit into the taxonomic terms that have replaced them.
* Read Division Pinophyta (The following links are included:)
** Order Pinales
*** Family Pinaceae (Follow links to Pinus (pines) and read accounts for each of the Pinus species) Be sure to read about and understand each of the following terms: softwood, evergreen, pine needle, pine cone, pine nuts, resin, wood pulp, timberline
*** Family Cupressaceae (Follow links to each of the listed genera and read accounts for each species) Be sure to read about and understand each of the following terms: Bald Cypress, cypress knees, Giant Sequoia, redwoods, swamp
*** Family Taxaceae (Follow links to each species) Be sure to read about and understand each of the following terms: aril, yew, alkaloid

## Evolution of the Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms are very different from the earliest vascular plants. Gymnosperms have very reduced gametophyte generations- female ovules and male pollen. Many gymnosperms, like the Pinophytes, have secondary growth from a vascular cambium. While tree ferns are tall and have a trunk resembling a tree, they are only very superficially similar. They do not have woody growth the way trees with secondary growth from a vascular cambium do. A single mutation of a fern or a horsetail could not produce a functioning seed plant. So gymnosperms must be descended from some progymnosperm ancestor that evolved these adaptations from the ferns, but was not fit enough to remain on earth. One possible example of a progymnosperm is the spore bearing woody tree Archaeopteris, which was at one point probably prevalent on earth.
Laboratory Exercises for Chapter 14 >>
* Botany Study Guide ~ Wiki Contents Table Section II Book Contents Page
* Chapter 7 - Plant Systematics ~ :Chapter 8 - Microbiology ~ Chapter 9 - Algae Chapter 10 - Fungi ~ Chapter 11 - Liverworts and Mosses Chapter 12 - Ferns ~ Chapter 13 - Fern Allies ~ Chapter 14 - Conifers Chapter 15 - Flowering plants I ~ Chapter 16 - Flowering plants II