OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Salute, Jonathan!/Preface

Salute, Jonathan! (Hello, Jonathan!) is the story of a young Englishman who goes to visit his friend in another European country...or so it would seem.
It is written entirely in the language Occidental (Interlingue), a language created by Edgar de Wahl from Tallinn (Estonia) that he published in 1922. The book Salute, Jonathan! was written by Mithridates and published on Wikibooks in 2019.
Salute, Jonathan! begins with very simple language. The first words in the book are Un mann sta in un cité (a man stands in a city), and it continues from there. The words the reader knows are repeated and new words are added slowly and in context, so that no dictionary is required to read it. Occidental was created to be an international language, with a very simple and straightforward grammar. Thanks to its simplicity and regularity, you will know how to read and use it by the end of Salute, Jonathan!.
The method in the book is based on the same used in books such as English by the Nature Method, Le français par la méthode nature, and L'italiano secondo il metodo natura, as well as Hans Ørberg's Lingua Latina per se Illustrata.
Curious about the true nature of the story in the book? You will begin to get clues as to the true story around Chapter 4 as the language becomes more and more complex and an actual story begins to form. Salute, Jonathan! is in fact a full translation of a classic book that you are likely very familiar with. Read on to find out!
Update October 2024: Some chapters now conclude with an English summary of the new vocabulary that has interesting cognates (related words) in English and sometimes Latin to provide you as the reader with a greater understanding of the words you use in daily life. For example, the word scrir (to write) contains a note illustrating its relationship to the English words scripture (Occidental scritura) and inscription (Occidental inscrition).

## Symbols used in the book

Some symbols are used in the book to explain new words quickly. Some of them are:
* ↔ The two words are opposites. big ↔ small
* · An interpunct, used to show the makeup of a word. For example: the English words inter·nation·al and one·up·man·ship.
* → A right arrow, used to show the relation and progression from word to word. For example: the English words scribe → scripture → scriptural.
# Salute, Jonathan!/Templates

This page contains templates related to the Salute, Jonathan! book, and her translations.

## Templates

* Template:Salute, Jonathan!
# Salute, Jonathan!/Grammar (conjunctions)
### durant vs durant que

Durant means "during" and durant que means "while". But for a more literal term closer to the Occidental form, you can think of "durant que" as "during which". The difference in usage is that the "que" in "durant" is used to join two clauses together that could otherwise stand on their own, and vice versa for "durant" without the "que".
Yo scrit. Yo pensat. - I wrote. I thought.
Yo scrit durant que yo pensat. - I wrote while ("during which") I thought.
So you look at the two parts and ask yourself if they can stand alone as sentences. If they do, add a que. If the second part is just a word or a reason that isn't its own sentence, do not add que.

### pro que vs pro

The que in pro que is to join two sentences that can stand alone. Without que it's just words or reasons.
   Yo esset fatigat. Yo volet dormir. Yo volet dormit pro que yo esset fatigat.
   Yo volet dormir. Fatiga. Yo volet dormir pro fatiga.
   Yo frappat le. Yo odiat le. Yo frappat le pro que yo odiat le.
   Yo frappat le. Odie. Yo frappat le pro odie. (I struck him out of hate)
   Yo labora. Mey li infantes esser felici! Yo labora por que li infantes mey esser felici.
   Yo labora.
   Lor felicita. Yo labora por lor felicitá.
# Swimming Manual/Swimming Mentally

It is one thing to swim physically, but it is another thing to swim mentally. Swimming mentally means that you are ready to swim. That you are mentally ready to get in the pool and swim your workout. Swimming mentally is what wins races.

## What does swimming mentally do?

While swimming an event, lets say the 50 freestyle, the main mentality is that you want to win. In order to win an event, you have to beat your opponents. Many people give up trying when they notice that their opponent is far ahead and uncatchable. Before standing on the blocks, before going to the swimming meet, before even practice, a swimmer needs to prepare for the meet mentally.
# Swing Dancing

This book is intended to serve as a guide to various forms of swing dancing, and will ideally contain descriptions and pictures of various moves. This textbook is of course not meant to be a replacement for actual practice and lessons, but a reference and source of new ideas.

## Technique

* Etiquette
* Connection
* Musicality

## Basic Swing Dances

* Charleston
* Lindy Hop
* East Coast Swing
* Balboa
* Collegiate Shag
* West Coast Swing

## Dance Moves

* Sugar Push
* Skip up
* Side Pass
* Circle
* Groucho
* Silly moves
* Jazz dance moves
* Aerials

## Appendix

* Swing dance glossary

## External Links

* Ross Mernuk's Swing Dance Steps - Comprehensive listing, including a "cheat sheet"
* Keith Edwards's move list
* Jiveoholics Anonymous Dance Step Database - Steps for modern jive, many of which can be used in swing dancing.
# Swimming Manual

Swimming is a very tough sport and often needs help and tweaking. While swimming it is easy to make mistakes and not notice what you are doing wrong. This book will help swimmers with watching for small details that will help improve swimming.

## Contents

* Introduction
* Swimming Mentally
** What does swimming mentally do?
** Enough Sleep
* Nutrition
** What foods to eat
** What foods not to eat
** How much to eat
* Technique
** Freestyle
** Backstroke
** Breaststroke
** Butterfly
* Swimming Physically
** Proper Stroke Techniques
** Training Drills
** Example Sets
** Example Workouts
** Long-term Workout Plans
** Basic Swimming Gear
** Typical Workout and Training Tools
** Warnings
# Swimming Manual/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Swimming_Manual

# Introduction
## Why swim?

Why would someone decide to swim? Why spend your time and effort into a sport? Swimming is a sport that requires skill, motivation, and effort. Swimming has to do with a team, but most of swimming comes individually. Being able to master swimming mentally, physically, and emotionally, you will be successful and enjoy swimming to its fullest. Also because it to keep your self hydrated so you don't faint because you didn't have water.

# Swimming Mentally

It is one thing to swim physically, but it is another thing to swim mentally. Swimming mentally means that you are ready to swim. That you are mentally ready to get in the pool and swim your workout. Swimming mentally is what wins races.

## What does swimming mentally do?

While swimming an event, lets say the 50 freestyle, the main mentality is that you want to win. In order to win an event, you have to beat your opponents. Many people give up trying when they notice that their opponent is far ahead and uncatchable. Before standing on the blocks, before going to the swimming meet, before even practice, a swimmer needs to prepare for the meet mentally.
# Swimming Manual/Introduction
## Why swim?

Why would someone decide to swim? Why spend your time and effort into a sport? Swimming is a sport that requires skill, motivation, and effort. Swimming has to do with a team, but most of swimming comes individually. Being able to master swimming mentally, physically, and emotionally, you will be successful and enjoy swimming to its fullest. Also because it to keep your self hydrated so you don't faint because you didn't have water.
# VerbTech/QCL Wikibook/How the Language Works

< User:VerbTech/QCL Wikibook

## How the Language Works

A quiz app is any program where a quiz may take place.
Quiz apps may be desktop applications, mobile apps, or feature in a multi-user classroom setting.
We would like a quiz to be transferrable from one app to another.
So, we should have a language that is independent from the quiz app.
This is QCL (Quiz Creation Language).
QCL is written in QCL documents.
QCL documents specify a quiz formally and may be created in a text editor.
As a preview, we present a quiz followed by its QCL equivalent:
Notice how little extra information is needed to specify the internal structure of the quiz.
The goal is to make the language simple when the structure is simple, so you can begin creating quizzes straightaway.
We will call a question with its associated answer (a single line of code in the example above) a QApair.
Here is a QApair:
The part composed of 1 or more questions is called the Qpart.
Here's the Qpart of the QApair above:
The part composed of 1 or more answers is the Apart.
Here's the Apart of the QApair above:
# Venom Academy/Ethical Hacking/Password attacking

We have went through a couple of things. Now we will be looking at privilege escalation also known as password attacking. This is the activity that is done by the attacker in order to gain or hijack the authenticity or privileges of a certain user. This is done to bypass the security procedures that are put into place by default. There are many ways that passwords can be attacked or cracked and we shall be looking into them in this module

## Password Cracking methods

Theree are a couple of different methods that are used to attack passwords. Let's look at them in detail

### Dictionary Attack

This is a password attack method that uses a text file called a dictionary file or word list file. The file contains a list of words. All the words will be tested against the password procedure until the correct password has been found. Word lists files can be downloaded online or then can be created. Dictionary Attack is really fast to execute because there is no algorithm that needs to be used.

### Rainbow attack

A rainbow attack is one of the best attack but it always proves to be resource consuming. In rainbow attack a file called a rainbow table is used, inside the rainbow table are hashes arranged in columns, when the table is being used to crack for passwords the software being used will check all columns and mix-match all the hashes it finds. This kind of attack requires a hacker to have really fast and efficient hardware.

### Brute Force attack

This is the attack whereby the cracking software trys all possible passwords in ascending order. Brute force attacks are very time consuming because the require a lot of time.

### Hybrid attack

This attack is commonly used to attack passwords that are combined of different characters. For example a password like password123.

## Lab exercise

Lets perform a few password attacks
THC Hydra
Hydra is a great tool we could use to crack remote password with. Hydra comes with preloaded username/password list. Alternatively you could download dictionary files online at https://packetstormsecurity.com. Hydra's syntax is pretty simple to understand, here is the syntax below:
As shown above we can see that the -L argument is used to specify the username, the argument -P is used to specify the dictionary file. Hydra will also require the service that you want to attack, to find a list of services running on a target machine, you can use nmap to scan it. If you don't know how to scan using nmap then please relate to Chapter 3 of this book. Now let's perform an example using hydra here is the command and output
As we can see above hydra managed to launch a dictionary attack and then returned with the password "password123"
There are a couple of other tool that could be used for privilege Escalation try exploring Kali Linux and having fun with it.
# Venom Academy/Ethical Hacking/Vulnerability Assessment

Now that you have learnt a lot, you can find open ports, services and operating systems. Now you will learn how to look for potential vulnerabilities, this will get us one step closer into compromising our target or victim. There are a number of softwares called vulnerability scanners that do the job of identifying vulnerabilities in a target. Some examples are OpenVAS and Nessus.

## Advantages and Disadvantages of Vulnerability scanners

One good and excellent thing about vulnerability scanners is that they can automate tasks. You can perform a wide range of tasks just on the scanner, tasks like Reconnaissance, port scanning and more. One bad thing about them is that they leave too many traces behind. They work by leaving a large amount of traffic behind and this is quite lousy for a penetration tester.

## Lab exercise
### Scanning using Nmap

map contains scripts that we can use to our advantage in vulnerability scanning. Even though is contains so many other scripts but in this chapter we will set our focus only on vulnerability scanning. All nmap scripts are written in the Lua programming language and they are stored in this location:
Nmaps scripts are frequently updated, so you need to keep them up-to-date using the command shown below
Now let's perform an example with a vulnerability scanner on nmap, let's scan for the ms08-067-netapi vulnerability, if you don't know what it is, it's just a vulnerability found in windows XP. Nmap has a script called smb-check-vulns which can automatically check for this vulnerability and report the results back. The command syntax is shown below:
The script output then reports back as vulnerable. But what if we want to test all known vulnerabilities. The full vulnerability scan command syntax is shown below
So let's use the script above in an example and let's see the output. Here is the scan and it's output shown below:
The example above shows that our target is vulnerable to the ms08-067 exploit
# VerbTech/QCL Wikibook/Introduction

< User:VerbTech/QCL Wikibook

## Introduction

QCL is a small computer language invented to allow people to design quizzes where the questions and answers may vary in form.
For instance, the question “When did WWII begin?” has many equivalent forms.
Two being: “When did the second world war begin?” and “What was the start date of the second world war?”
The answer also has many equivalent forms.
An objective of QCL is to capture this sort of variation compactly, so that the quiz can be created using the least time necessary and with the greatest variety of form possible.
This wikibook will teach you how QCL works using examples of its application and accompanying exercises.
# Venom Academy/Ethical Hacking/Vulnerability Scanning
## Definitions and Concept

We have traveled through different activities and lab exercises. Now you are able to perform information gathering and other activities. But our main target is to engage with the target and hijack authority and authenticity. One important thing to keep in mind is that hackers make use of what we call "vulnerabilities". Everything can has vulnerabilities including people themselves. In our example we are looking at computers. Now that we have performed information gathering, we need to find vulnerabilities that we can exploit.

## What are vulnerabilities?

Vulnerabilities are flaws, disadvantages or extra-based mediums of something. Vulnerabilities are either there to be exploited or to be patched. We shall be looking at a few examples. Keep in mind that everything has a vulnerability, its just up to you to find it. In a nutshell as a penetration tester or ethical hacker, you will be hired to find vulnerabilities by organizations. As said before, anything can be vulnerable in an organization.

## Examples

As we already know that anything can be a vulnerability. Sometimes we can find vulnerabilities in different ways. Below is a list that a penetration tester or ethical hacker may use as a checklist:
* Vulnerabilities are mostly people who work for the organization. Mostly people who are less educated or lack the basic knowledge on cyber security can be potential vulnerabilities.
* Services that are offered by Computing machines are common vulnerabilities, for example in a windows XP machine that runs an SMB service can be included as a vulnerability.
* Most old machines use the autoplay/autorun feature, which is also a potential vulnerability because malicious files may be executed on the machine using removable hardware

### Finding vulnerabilities

With all the knowledge that we have, as a penetration tester, one of the most important skills to remember is vulnerability scanning. Lets go over a bit of theory over vulnerability scanners.

#### What are they?

Vulnerability scanners are softwares that are built to spot vulnerabilities in target systems using networking flags. There are quite a number of vulnerability scanners out there, but we will only focus on two of them in particular Nessus and OpenVAS. But we will look more into Nessus than OpenVAS.

##### Nessus

Nessus is a proprietary vulnerability scanner developed by Tenable, Inc. Nessus works on windows, Linux and Mac. The recent version of nessus is built to work on a web interface. Nessus can expose vulnerabilities such as:
* Vulnerabilities that allow privileged escallation
* Missing patched in the system
* Vulnerabilities of weak passwords
* Denial of Service

##### OpenVAS

OpenVAS is a Vulnerability Assessment tool, which is sometimes called "GNessUs" OpenVAS operates on a framework (Command-line interface)
# VerbTech/QCL Wikibook/How to Process QCL

< User:VerbTech/QCL Wikibook

## How to Process QCL

The quiz app we will be using is the VerbTech™ Quizzer which you can download from this webpage:
    http://www.verbtech.org/qcl/downloads
Quizzer is made for a single user.
The interpreter is the part of the quiz app that translates the QCL code into something the quiz app can process.
When you are doing a quiz, it is the interpreter that is reading the QCL code and deciding what to do with it.
# WikiSkills Handbook/Wiki Key Competencies

* WikiSkills Handbook
* WikiSkills Cover
* Introduction to WikiSkills and Wikinomics
* Wiki culture and application to learning contexts
* The WikiSkills training approach
* The WikiSkills training curriculum
* The WikiSkills Training scenarios
* Wikinomics Training practices
* Tool Kit
* Frequently Asked Questions
* The tools we use
* Wiki Key Competencies
* Collaboration Key Competencies
* Video resources
* Badges
* Other resources
* Edit this box
Wiki Key competencies
The relevant use of wikis in educational contexts would enable to develop a set Wiki Key Competencies, which are resumed below.
| Key Wiki Competencies (KWC) | Description |
| Creativity and innovation | - Elaborate, refine, analyse and evaluate one's own ideas, - develop and communicate new ideas to others effectively, - Become open and responsive to new and diverse perspectives, - View failure as an opportunity to learn. |
| Critical thinking, problem solving, decision making | - Examine, analyse and evaluate ideas, arguments, and beliefs, and compare alternative points of view, - Present arguments. |
| Learning to learn | - Self-manage and reflect critically on learning processes, objects and purposes. |
| Communication | - Express with clarity and awareness of audience and purpose, - Write, read and understand in mother tongue, - Write, read and understand in additional language, - Monitor the writing process (from drafting to proofreading), - Formulate arguments in a convincing manner. |
| Collaboration | - Interact effectively with others, - Read others’ contributions with patience and honesty, - Work effectively in diverse teams, respecting social and cultural differences, - Guide and lead others (teachers roles), - Find where and how to contribute, and to put abilities at the service of a common objective. |
| Information literacy | - Access and evaluate information critically and effectively, - Manage information from a variety of sources, - Apply a fundamental understanding of the ethical and legal issues, - Know how to use the information creating or using the structure created in the wiki environment. |
| ICT literacy | - Access and evaluate ICT tools critically and competently. |
| Citizenship, local and global | - Display solidarity by contributing to the local or the wider community, - Contribute to the construction of common goods. |
| Life and career | - Adapt to change, operating in varied roles and responsibilities, - Be flexible, incorporating feedback effectively and negotiating diverse views and beliefs to reach workable solutions. |
| Personal and social responsibility | - Show interest in and respect for others, - Be willing to overcome stereotypes and prejudices, - Be open to compromise, - Be sensitive to cultural differences, - Resistance to stereotyping and positive attitude towards inter-cultural communication. |
Table : The Wiki Key Competencies from the WikiSkills project : http://www.wikinomics-project.eu/the-project/
# The Voynich Manuscript/F2r

Transcription, comments, theories, links to do with VMs page f2r to be added here...

## Description:

One plant centered on page.
    Root: left-right symmetrical, planar, looking sort of like headless stick man with outstretched arms and gripping hands. Overpainted with dark color.
    Stem: short and thin.
    Branches: two main ones, almost upright, slightly bent. Irregular thickness, awkward shape (cf. top right leaf). Light-clored with a dark vein grossly painted along the middle.
    Leaves: Dark overpaint, shaped like a triangular fan with five lanceolated fingers.
    Stalk: medium length, looks like a branch.
    Flowers: three, on tip of main branch.
    Stalk: longish, looks like a branch.
    Chalyx: an oblong oval swelling at end of stalk, partial dark overpaint.
    Petals: many, narrow and long; the flower looks like a shaving brush.
    Core: hidden by petals.
Two paragraphs (with 6.4 and 5.4 lines), left- and right-justified: one at the top, slightly narrower, interrupted by three flowers; and one near the bottom, interrupted by two branches.

## Comments:

The root looks rather strange, the stems and leaves are somewhat awkward, but the flowers look normal.
Petersen tentative identification is "cyanus segetum, cornflower (caeruleus) (cf 153)". That must be
Centaurea_cyanus (cornflower,fiodaliso;bluet,kornblume)
http://www.runeberg.org/nordflor/7.html
The flower shape and branching pattern seem to match fairly well. However, those features are not very specific. [What about color?] Also, the leaves of Centaurea cyanus are long and thin, with smooth edges or a few very shallow teeth, attached directly to the stem; quite unlike those of f2r.
Infusions of Centaurea cyanus were once used as a febrifugue (whole plant) and eye wash (flowers only).

## References:

[1] Claude Martin http://www.voynich.info/3_deciphered_text_selection/3_1_folio_f2r/3_1_1_f2r_line_p1.html
# The Voynich Manuscript/F3r

Transcription, comments, theories, links to do with VMs page f3r to be added here...

## Description:

One plant, flush against the right margin.
    Roots: a bunch of unbranched tentacle-like roots radiating from the stem's base. Light colored, partial dark overpaint.
    Stem: rather thick, bent. Light colored, dark overpainted stripe (shadow) along its left side.
    Branches: none.
    Leaves: lance-shaped with an S bend, very dense, growing straight off the stem on both sides, each partially covering the previous one. Stem ends with one unpaired leaf. Light colored, with a dark-painted shadow on the bottom of each leaf, and a dotted line just inside the leaf's rim.
    Flowers: none.
Four paragraphs (with 9.5, 3.5, 2.7, and 2.8 lines): a longer one at the top, and three short ones just below mid-page. The first two are left-justified and follow the plant's outline on the right. The last two are left- and right-justified, and interrupted by the main stem.

## Comments:

The plant looks strange because of the dense leaves. Perhaps they are actually the sheaths of leafstalks, badly drawn? Perhaps the dots along the leaf rim are short spines?