# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/William Trevor Watkins/Notes
## William Trevor Watkins - Transcriptions and notes
### Non-chronological material

Email Ric Rogers VK7RO to Sam Dellit VK1DXA dated 4 August 2021 G'day Sam, I was just looking through some of the notes I made about Trevor and thought you might like the attached which suggests he had licence 336 in 1920. All the original letters are now in the Tasmanian Archives. -- 73, Ric, VK7RO
   Letters from PMG etc to 7AA/7DX.
   undated handwritten list of Experimental Stations Tasmania 7AA to 7BO presumably mostly listeners and predating amateur examinations
   23/10/20 Dept of the Navy re inquiry concerning erection of small Wireless Installation - not exceeding 250 metres
   12/11/20 PMG Dept Radio Service (was Department of the Navy, R.A.N. Radio Service) please apply on attached form fee 2 pounds
   1/12/20 PMG Dept Radio Service Two licences enclosed for signature
   4/1/21 PMG Dept Radio Section Your copy of licence enclosed
   29/8/21 PMG Dept Circular re irregular use of Wireless apparatus
   13/10/21 PMG Dept Experimental licence no 336 due on 30/11/21
   24/10/21 PMG Dept Radio Section receipt enclosed
   10/10/22 Prime Minister's Dept., Wireless Branch call sign 7AA supersedes T336
   14/12/22 PM's Dept Wireless Branch receipt enclosed
   30/10/23 PMG appreciation of work as Honorary Radio Inspector
   30/11/23 PMG Dept, Telegraphs and Wireless Branch please sign enclosed licences and return duplicate together with old licence
   20/12/23 PMG Dept Wireless Branch approval given to use circuit shown in letter of 4/12/23
   25/9/24 PMG Dept Hobart approval to publicise the Commonwealth Loan
   5/12/24 PMG Dept W Br licence enclosed
   1/5/25 AOCP William Trevor Watkins
   8/5/25 envelope PMG Telegraphs and Wireless Branch "Licence 7DX"
   28/7/25 PMG W Br approval to use 20-36 metres until 30/11/25 Call sign now 7DX
   13/10/25 PMG W Br amateur bands now 125-250, 85-95, 32-37, 21-23 and 8-10 metres
   3/12/25 PMG W Br fee not due until 9/5/26 1 pound refunded
   1/5/26 PMG W Br licence due 1 pound
   1/6/26 PMG W Br licence enclosed
   23/6/26 PMG W Br permission to use 100W for 6 months 8-10, 21-23 32-37, 85-95 metres until 30/9/26 when to be reconsidered
   7/4/27 handwritten AOCP Exam (Confidential)
   17/5/27 PMG Hobart 6WF on 1250 and 100 metres - please report
   24/6/27 PMG W Br licence due
   12/7/27 PMG Hobart 2YA Wellington opens 16/7/27 on 420M please report
   22/8/27 PMG W Br licence enclosed
   8/9/27 PMG Hobart Rugby on long and short wave 22 & 37M pse report?
   21/9/27 PMG W Br permission to use 100W on 23 and 33M for 6 months
   3/5/28 PMG Hobart 3LO testing on 32M - please report
   9/5/28 PMG Hobart thanks 3LO report
   8/12/28 PMG New Regulations effective from 31/12/28 60,000Kc(5M)- 56,000(5.35M), 30,000(10M)-28,000Kc(10.7M), 14,400Kc(20.8M)- 14,000(21.4M), 7,300Kc(41M)-7,000Kc(42.8M), 1,990Kc(150.8M)- 1,715Kc(175M), 1,715Kc(175M)-1,200Kc(250M) messages relating to experiments may be exchanged frequency(wave)meters required VK prefix to be used
   10/12/28 PMG Hobart P.C.G.G. form enclosed ???
   10/1/29 PMG 4000-3500Kc(75-85M) approved until 30/6/29
   5/4/29 telegram ex 3RJ telegraph lines dislocated please help
   24/4/29 PMG Thanks help [Launceston floods?]
   30/5/29 PMG Hobart Southern Cross VMZAB testing please report
   10/6/29 PMG Hobart thanks Southern Cross report
   17/7/29 PMG Hobart L 1.11.3 enclosed for flood telegraph work
   13/6/30 PMG W Br WIA indicates amateurs prepared help in emergencies please fill in questionnaire [not done!]
   22/7/30 PMG W Br 4000-3500 & 1715-1200 OK until 31/1/31 no more 250M during broadcasting hours
   15/7/31 PMG Hobart regret illness licence not yet due
   To Mrs Watkins
   26/8/31 PMG Hobart Deputy Director regret death
   26/8/31 PMG Hobart Deputy Radio Inspector regrets
   7/9/31 PMG Hobart Malone, Chief Inspector (wireless) conveys regrets
   undated two copies of Experimental Wireless Stations General Information Regarding Operation and Conditions of Issue of Licences
   (includes freqs as 8/12/28 and 10/1/29)
Email Ric Rogers VK7RO to Sam Dellit VK1DXA dated 6 August 2021
   The Wireless Institute in Hobart has some log books which belonged to W.T.Watkins 7AA, 7DX, A7DX, OA7DX, VK7DX from 1923 to 1930. Trevor Watkins was born in 1899 and died in 1931, probably of TB. The log books appear to be incomplete and it looks as if the books are a fair copy of his working notes. An article by Geoff, VK3AC, in the March 1997 copy of the RAOTC journal mentioned Trevor Watkins, OA7DX and Max Howden VK3BQ. I was reminded of an aside in the first log book of Watty's when he logged a contact between 4AA in New Zealand and 3BQ. Next to 3BQs call are the words "bum fist". Watty's first log book entry is dated 4th February, 1923, and reads "VHS de 7AA sigs qsa laying at Hobart wharf". He notes that he was using 80 volts on an "R" valve. Wattys initial experiments were on 420 metres and it was not until he heard New Zealand stations on 250M that he tried the higher frequency. There are many stations logged sending things like this from 15th July, 1923 ". . . if anyone gets this at a distance would be glad of report. Address R. J. Orbell 254 Heaton St Christchurch" Watty was heard on the mainland and reports swapped by letter, but the first interstate two way contact, with 2ZG, was not until August 1923. It was not until he had a more powerful transmitter, a UV202 with a 350 volt AC power supply, that regular interstate contacts are logged. The phone versus CW debate was apparently in evidence early, because on 22nd August 1923 he notes "The stations in Australia with the exception of 3JU 2DS & NZ seem to be too fond of the fones not the cw or tonic". Tonic train was interrupted CW to give a modulated note which could be copied on a crystal receiver. During October 1923 he logged 29 American stations during the Trans Pacific Tests. In January 1924 he notes "got receiver going on short wave" and in June 1924 he logged the first shortwave broadcast station KGO. There's an interesting entry on 19th March, 1924 - "7aa de 7om . . . using rec for transmitting as transmitter out of action for time . . ." Those regenerative receivers were multi-purpose.

### 1910s
#### 1910
##### 1910 12
#### 1911
##### 1911 12
#### 1912
##### 1912 11

Death notice for Watty's father William Henry Watkins
   DEATHS. WATKINS.—On November 27, William Henry, husband of Harriett Watkins, aged 55 years. Interred at Cornelian Bay on November 28.

##### 1912 12
#### 1919
##### 1919 01
##### 1919 12
### 1920s
#### 1921
##### 1921 01

Widely reported notice by PMG as to consequences of unlicensed operation, in immediate lead up to establishment of the Tasmanian Radio Club
   UNAUTHORISED WIRELESS. OFFENDERS TO BE PROSECUTED. MELBOURNE, January 25. The Postmaster-General's Department is continually receiving advice of the existence of unauthorised wireless installations, with the result that offenders have been identified, and steps taken to have the unlicensed installations dismantled and removed. Hitherto it has been the practice in such cases simply to warn offenders, but the Postmaster-General (Mr. Wise) has decided to prosecute in any future case coming under notice. The penalty provided under the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1915-19, for the irregular use of appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy or telephony is a fine of £500 or imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding five years.
Report on the wireless receiving station at St. Virgil's, Hobart, operated by Cyril Wilson Monks, possibly the only private station licensed in Tasmania at the time
   "WIRELESS" AT ST. VIRGIL'S. Referring to the recently installed wireless apparatus in the college grounds, the "Annual Record" of St. Virgil's College, says:— "This will be an important adjunct to our science room. Already at our 'Receiving Station' quite readable messages have been received from the more potable of the great high-power stations of the world, more particularly Rome (San Paolo Station), Lyons, New York Belmar (New Jersey), Washington, Annapolis, San Francisco, while the high-power stations at Honolulu, Manila, and Guam, as well as the larger stations within the Commonwealth may be heard almost at any time, day or night. The station is run under a permit from the Director of Radio Service, Rev. Father E. Roche, B.A. of the Cathedral, and Mr. Cyril Monks, an ex-pupil of the Brothers, and late wireless operator in the Australian Navy, are responsible for the success of this last venture, to whom our best thanks are due. Here, too, the boys rendered valuable assistance, notably Kevin McGann, Harry Mackey, and Cyril Parer, the last-mentioned being a cousin of the now famous Australian airman.

##### 1921 02

The Tasmanian Deputy PMG locally reinforces the advice of the PMG a few days earlier, clearly unlicensed Hobart wireless experimenters are active (perhaps including Watty?)
   UNAUTHORISED WIRELESS. We are advised by the Deputy Postmaster-General that the Postmaster-General's Department is continually receiving advices of the existence of unauthorised wireless installations, with the result that offenders have been identified, and steps taken to have the unlicensed installations dismantled and removed. Hitherto it has been the practice in such cases to simply warn offenders, but the Postmaster-General has decided to rigidly prosecute in any future case coming under notice. The penalty provided under the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1905-19, for the irregular use of appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy or telephony is £500, or imprisonment with or without hard labour, for a term not exceeding five years. It is hoped that the publication of this warning will have the desired effect, and thus obviate the necessity for more stringent action by the department.
Watty attends the preliminary meeting of the Tasmanian Radio Club and is appointed to the temporary committee
   TASMANIAN RADIO CLUB. A largely attended meeting was held last night of electrical and wireless experimenters, the object being to form an amateur radio club. It was decided to hold a general meeting to form a committee and to arrange to hold lectures, field days, etc. It was decided that the name of the club be The Tasmanian Radio Club. It was also decided to forward a letter to the Director of Radio Services informing him of the proposal to form a club. A temporary committee was formed of the following:— Messrs. W. Higgins, Marshall, T. Watkins, and Hooker, and Mr. Geo. Collis was appointed acting secretary.
As previous, another report, slightly different detail
   TASMANIAN RADIO CLUB. A largely attended meeting was held last night of electrical and wireless experimenters, the object being to form an amateur radio club. It was decided to hold a general meeting on Wednesday, February 16th, to form a committee and to arrange to hold lectures, field days, etc. It was moved by Mr. Marshall that the name of the club be the Tasmanian Radio Club (carried). It was also decided to forward a letter to the Director of Radio Services, informing him of the proposed club. A temporary committee was formed of the following:— Messrs. W. Higgins, T. Marshall, T. Watkins, T. Hooker, and Geo. Collis acting secretary. Particulars of the general meeting will be advertised later.
Letter to Editor almost certainly by Cyril Monks as "Sparks" highlighting problems with amateur licensing in Australia
   WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. To the Editor of the "Mercury." Sir,— Lately in the "Mercury" much attention has been paid to the subject of wireless telegraphy, which is still in its infancy as far as development goes. As far as I can see, the Australian Government rather discourages experimenters and so kills new developments in this way. When applying for a license one has to furnish a diagram of connections of the system used, and no departure in principle is allowed, so one is here greatly restricted and prevented from trying new forms of apparatus. Also a rather high fee of £2 2s. is charged for a license for even the smallest amateur station for reception of messages only, whereas in America, for instance, the license is free, and one is openly encouraged to experiment as no restrictions except transmitting distances are in force there. How is Australia going to compete in the perfection of wireless telegraphy if these restrictions continue?— Yours, etc., SPARKS.

##### 1921 12
#### 1922
##### 1922 07

Watty gives evidence at inquest into a death by electrocution at his workplace
   ZINC WORKS TRAGEDY. EVIDENCE AT THE INQUEST. A DIFFICULT PROBLEM SET. THE VERDICT. Samuel Cuthbert Fearnley was found dead on the Zinc Co.'s wharf at Risdon at 10.40 a.m. on July 7. The body was then cold and composed. The inquest, concluded yesterday at the third sitting lasting over six hours, has revealed a set of facts which, taken together, make the exact circumstances surrounding the tragedy a baffling problem, and it is not likely now to be solved. All that is plain is that the deceased was in some way electrocuted. At the time of his death he was employed as a lubricator or greaser of cups attached to rollers of a belt conveyor which was being used to discharge calcines from the s.s. Era. He was on night shift, commencing at midnight and ending at 8 a.m. He was seen several times during the night by the foreman, who last saw him alive at 7.30 a.m. The pieces of evidence connected with the tragedy were (1) a tear in a nearby insulated electric wire connection, carrying a current of 240 volts only, which, left a piece of wire about eight inches long exposed: (2) three burns on the deceased's left hand (a) over the ball of the thumb, (b) on the radial border of the index finger, extending on to the nail, near the root, (c) on the dorsal surface of the middle finger, over the second phalanx; and (3) a boot mark on the belt conveyor just above the point at which the deceased was found. The tragedy occurred on the morning of July 7, and the inquest was formally opened on the following day, when evidence of identification was given by George Henry Fearnley, brother of the deceased. It was then adjourned until June 10, when evidence was given by Drs. Cordner and Inglis Clark, and by James Heaney, Charles Tasman Jolly, and Redvers Bullers Goninnon. At the resumption at the Zinc Works yesterday morning, Inspector Hughes again represented the Crown, Mr. C. D. Cuthbert the relatives of the deceased, and Mr. V. I. Chambers the Electrolytic Zinc Co. The Coroner was Mr. G. Crosby Gilmore. Jack Eric Holbert, 235 Main-road, New Town, ambulance attendant and watchman, said that he received a telephone message while in his office that there had been an accident on the wharf. This was about 10 a.m. When he arrived he saw deceased lying on his face on the wharf, with his body inclined towards his right side. The body and limbs were cold and contracted. Someone said deceased was "alive" with electricity, but he touched him, and found this was not so. The head was partly covered with a tarpaulin - sufficiently so to suffocate him. The tarpaulin was hanging from the hopper, and deceased was lying partly on it. He continued to apply first aid methods until the doctor arrived. To Mr. Cuthbert: The body had considerable calcine on it. He treated the case for electrocution. George Arthur Collis, 334 Liverpool street, shift electrician, said he was on duty, from 4 p.m. to midnight on the day previous to the accident. If there had then been the present fault in the connection he would almost certainly have noticed it. There was always a good light on the wharf. He could advance no theory to account for the wound on the hand. Frank O'Connor, 47 Campbell-street, labourer, said that, on the night previous to the accident he had occasion to clear some calcines away from the rollers. He touched both rollers and wires with his hands, but did not receive a shock. This was at a spot some distance from that which Fearnley met his death. Charles Jolly (recalled) said that on the morning of the tragedy the electric lights "blinked" momentarily between 7 and 8 a.m. To Mr. Cuthbert: The lights often did this. To Mr. Chambers: It was blowing a gale at the time. EVIDENCE OF PREVIOUS SHOCKS. John Thomas Sainty, 26 Central-street, labourer, said he was not working for the Zinc Co. when the tragedy occurred, but he had received an electric shock while in their employ previously. At the time he was acting as greaser during the unloading of the Barwon. Gower was working near him. He picked up Gower's shovel and went to move some calcines away from the rollers. As he did so he received a shock, and he threw the shovel away. He told Gower that he had received a shock. That was the first shock he got, but later he got shocks while unscrewing grease caps, and he reported these shocks to his boss (Mr. Heaney). To the Coroner: Mr. Heaney said "Oh, I thought the others had told you." He got all the shocks at the same end of the wharf. To Mr. Cuthbert: He was never warned that there were wires near the rollers, and he did not notice them. To Mr. Chambers: The shocks he received were slight ones. He laughed at the time. It was possible that they were caused by the vibration of the rollers. To Mr. Hughes: The lighting was not good. The only warning he got was that he was not doing enough work. Mr. Chambers: Have you a grudge against the company? — No. Did you volunteer to give this evidence? — I got a summons. How did it start? — I went to the detectives; I thought it was my duty. Mr. Cuthbert: A very proper thing too. It would be good if more people helped the police in their duties. Mr. Chambers: Since the accident have you not applied to the company for work several times? — Only once. I was engaged, but afterwards my name was struck off the list. Mr. Cuthbert protested, against Mr. Chambers's suggestion that the witness was perjuring himself. Mr. Chambers said he did not mean to suggest anything of the sort. Clifford William Gower, 119 Campbell-street, wharf labourer, said he received slight shocks while employed on the unloading of the Barwon, some time previous to the tragedy. He was shovelling calcines on to the conveyor belt at the time, and he thought that his shove touched the rollers. Afterwards, Sainty came along, and he played a joke on him. He told Sainty to do a bit of shovelling while he (witness) smoked, and Sainty also received a shock. To the Coroner: He reported the matter to his foreman half an hour later "He didn't take much notice," added witness. To Mr Cuthbert: He was never warned of the electric wires, and did not know there were any there. The lighting was not too good. Mr. Chambers: You did not treat the shocks as serious? — No, but it "put the wind up me" for a minute. You treated them as a joke? — At time time we did. THE WOUNDS ON THE FINGERS. William Trevor Watkins, 146 Warwick-street, electrician, said he had been with the company about two years. He carried out the instructions given him by Mr. Piper and Mr. Collis, sen. He knew the electric wiring on the belt conveyor. He, amongst others, was in charge of the maintenance of it. He did not receive any instructions about the maintenance of it, except with regard to the making of new connection and the installation of lights. On July 6 he connected a wire with the main wire running along the belt conveyor, in order to provide light for working the hatches of the Era, which was at the wharf. The connection produced was the one he made, but it was not in its present state when he completed the job. Asked by Mr. Hughes what he considered was the cause which put the connection in its present condition, witness said that it appeared as though some big strain had been placed on the wires. Would it be possible for the handle of a shovel to cause the damage? — There must have been great pressure. I think if a shovel handle had done it, the rest of the wiring would also have been affected. To the Coroner: The wires and appliances were always inspected before ship came in. When he was on shift he made a practice of walking round and seeing that everything was in order. We have been told that one of the men got a shock from a grease cup. Do you think that is possible ? — It might be, but I can't imagine it myself. Not unless the unforeseen occurred, because all the wires are insulated. Besides, I don't see how any of them could come near a grease cup. The doctor says there were these marks on the deceased's left hand (referring to the diagram), Can you suggest how he would receive wounds of that description? — No, I cannot, I'm sure. Might they have been caused while he was screwing or unscrewing the cups? — I cannot see how. The positions of the wounds do not look like it. Could current come through the cup? — It would have to be very high voltage. The voltage was 240. The wounds were there. They were caused somehow? — I can give no explanation. It is peculiar. How did the wounds arrive on the backs of the fingers? Mr. Cuthbert and Mr. Chambers both questioned the witness at length on these points. Inspector Hughes suggested that possibly the rollers had become charged with escaping electricity, and instanced a water tap on the Ocean pier which had done so, although there were no wires in the vicinity. Witness replied that it would be impossible for the rollers to hold a charge, but it would be possible for a continuous circuit to exist. WHOSE WAS THE FOOTMARK? Alfred Edward Rhodes, 25 George-street, labourer, said he did not see deceased alive on the morning of the accident. He went on shift at 8 a.m., and at about 10.40 he heard that a man had been killed. He hurried down and saw deceased lying beside No. 3 hopper. He stood on the opposite side of the belt conveyor. When medical aid arrived he went to help. He started to cross the belt conveyor, but thought better of it when half way across it, and came back to go around it. To Mr. Chambers: The footmark on the conveyer might not be his. He was not the first to get to the deceased. What made you change your mind and go back? — It was said the deceased had been electrocuted and I thought better of it. THEORIES OF EXPERTS. George Andrew Collis, 334 Liverpool-street, electrician, said he was in charge of the lighting installation on the wharf. On July 6 he received instructions to instal extra lights in readiness for the Era, which was expected. He passed these instructions on to Mr. Watkins, and saw that they were carried out. Mr. Watkins was a competent workman. On certain days witness inspected all work under his charge throughout the plant. All shift electrician's had instructions to report regarding the condition of the work under their charge each morning, and to keep an eye on the whole of the installation. When the shift electricians reported that anything should be done, it was done immediately. Inspector Hughes handed witness the connection, and asked him if he had any theory regarding the manner in which Fearnley met his death. Witness: I have my own theory. It is that at knock-off time he jumped over the conveyor, as many other men have done, hurrying for the train. It is only a theory. I think as he jumped over his foot caught in the connection and pulled it into its present condition. He put his left hand down to free his boot; it touched the exposed wire, and he was killed. The Coroner handed witness the doctor's diagram, illustrating the wounds on deceased's fingers, and asked him if he thought they could have been caused in the manner he had suggested. Witness replied that he considered it possible. One of the boots which the deceased was wearing was produced, and it was found that the toe just fitted into the triangle formed by the connecting wires. A grease cup from one of the rollers was then produced. Mr. Hughes: Do you think it possible that as he bent down to unscrew a cup he grasped the live wire with his other hand? — I do not see in those circumstances how the wire could have become exposed. Perhaps the point of a shovel caught in the connection and tore it down? It is practicable and possible. Have men on the wharf ever complained to you that they have received shocks? — Not to my knowledge at that end. It has been said by men who were engaged on this work that they received shocks when their shovels came in contact with the rollers? — I would not attach any significance to it. Three days ago a man came to me and said he had got a shock off a gum tree. Could the roller have become charged by the escape of electricity nearby? I have never heard of such a case. What would you say regarding the chances that a water pipe would become charged? I would like to see it. At about eight o'clock that morning the lights "blinked"? — It is a common occurrence, and may be due to any one of a dozen things. The deceased getting a shock — could that cause it? — No; he would not carry enough current to make the lights "blink." In reply to the Coroner, witness said that, so far as he could remember, the connection was twelve inches from the nearest roller. The Coroner: Supposing a workman tore down the connection by some means, is it not possible that a roller grease cup might be livened? — Yes; but if it livened one it would liven all. The calcines spread all along the conveyor would carry the current. What you suggest is just possible, but it is extremely improbable. Witness remarked that the motto of his department was "Safety first." Mr. Cuthbert: As the belts were running all that morning, Fearnley would have taken a risk by trying to cross them? — Yes. And he would have saved himself practically nothing in any case? — No. He might as well have walked down one side of the wharf as the other? — Yes. Perhaps he crossed over to avoid falling calcine. If Fearnley made the footmark which was found on the conveyor at that spot, would not there have been a deposit of calcine on it? — I would not say that. Mr. Chambers: Was the connection made in a safe and efficient way? — Yes, for a temporary job. No electrical work is fool proof. Bertram Wood, 19 Newnham-avenue, New Town, electrical engineer, employed by the Zinc Co., said he examined the electric wires under the staging at the point where the deceased was found. He was shown the footmark which had been found on the conveyor just above the spot at which the man was found. He then tried to put two and two together, and formed the theory that the man attempted to cross the conveyor, but slipped and fell, catching his heel in the connection. Witness (after inspecting the diagram illustrating the wounds on deceased's fingers): I can only suggest that as he fell his fingers caught in some sharp object, which completed the circuit. It was suggested to witness that deceased might have received the wounds by obtaining an electric shock when screwing or unscrewing a grease cup inside a roller. He replied that he could not accept it. In that case, such burns would have been received when the deceased was exerting a gripping pressure, and they would all have been on the insides of the fingers. DISMANTLING OF THE PLANT. Arthur William Hutchin, industrial superintendent at the Zinc Works, said he had just arrived when he was informed of what had occurred. He went straight to the wharf, and found first aid men endeavouring to resuscitate the deceased. Upon examination he came to the conclusion deceased had been dead for some time. He then rang up the Commissioner of Police and the Mines Department. The mines inspector and Sergeant Crosswell arrived shortly afterwards and made a thorough examination of the scene. The assistant manager (Mr. Meredith) and himself both explained to the inspector and the sergeant that they desired to have a clearance from the authorities before they resumed work on the wharf. They said that upon getting a clearance they would proceed with the discharge of the Era and next morning would commence the dismantling of the plant, as they wished to alter its position. Mr. Middleton and Sergeant Crosswell both gave permission, the latter saying "I think I can take the risk." The company had throughout given every assistance to the investigation possible. Montressor Middleton, assistant inspector of mines and explosives, said he made a thorough inspection of the scene, and found no break in the insulation of the wire, except in the connection produced. Sergeant Crosswell was with him at the time. Someone, he thought Major Hutchin, said "Can we get on with our work?" and he said "Certainly," thinking only that the unloading of the ship was meant. He did not hear anything said about dismantling the structure. Sergeant Crosswell described the position of the electrical connection and the footmark as he found them on arrival at the scene. Mr. Meredith suggested that the connection should be taken out and replaced, so as to allow the unloading of the boat to go on. Witness sent a messenger for the man who fixed the connection originally, and he explained how he did the job. Witness then gave permission for the piece to be cut out and replaced. In giving a police clearance witness knew that it was intended to dismantle and move the conveyor but not that it was to be done immediately. He did not give permission for the dismantling, nor did he forbid it. He did not remember saying "I'll take the risk," but if he had he referred to allowing the unloading of the ship to proceed. He knew that the conveyor should not have been dismantled till the coroner had seen it. He did not remember Mr. Meredith saying that they intended to dismantle the conveyor the next morning but he would not contradict such a statement. Mr. Cuthbert said he thought there had been a slight and unfortunate misunderstanding. He did not believe for a moment that the company hid any ulterior motive in dismantling the conveyor. The company had acted honourably throughout. VERDICT OF ELECTROCUTION. The coroner said that the potentialities of electricity had not yet been fully exhausted, and electrical experts differed just as doctors and lawyers. The matter before him was difficult to decide and a decision could be reached only on the expert evidence. It was regrettable that the conveyor had been dismantled so soon, but he did not think it was done with any intention of deceiving. There had been a slight misunderstanding. It was a safe rule never to disturb the machinery at the scene of a fatality until a coroner had viewed it. There were of course, exceptional cases where this rule perhaps, might not apply. How did Fearnley meet his death? There seemed only two feasible answers — by suffocation direct or by suffocation produced by electrocution. There was not sufficient evidence to justify the first answer. It seemed admitted that the deceased got an electric shock and the question was how. One suggestion was that he was in the act of getting over the conveyor. Not very much reliance could be placed on the footmark. Another suggestion was that he got the shock from a livened grease cup. None of the experts was able to suggest a feasible explanation of the position of the burns on the hand. The attitude of the officer to whom it was reported that electric shocks had been received from the conveyor seemed rather peculiar. He supposed that similar work with conveyors would continue to take place and it might be advisable for the electricians to make regular inspections of the plant. The coroner reviewed the various theories that had been advanced showing that none was altogether conclusive. He returned a verdict of death by electrocution.

##### 1922 12
#### 1923
##### 1923 02

Tasmanian Division of the Wireless Institute of Australia meets for the first time, Watty (age 20) elected president
   ITEMS OF INTEREST. . . . Hobart Wireless Club. A meeting was held last night at the Victoria Hall, of all those interested in the formation of a Wireless Club. There was a good attendance. It was proposed that it be designated the Tasmanian Division of the Wireless Institute of Australia. The following officers were elected: Patron, W. P. Hallam; president, T. Watkins; chairman, F. W. Bennett; council, Messrs. Crocker, McMillen, Lewis, Gilham, Hortin, and Peterson; secretary, W. L. Scanlon; assistant secretary, C. Johnstone; treasurer, G. Collis. All interested experimenters who were unable to attend are asked to get in communication with the secretary, 37 Hill street, West Hobart.

##### 1923 03

NOTE: SEVERAL ADDITIONAL NEWSPAPER ITEMS ARE AVAILABLE ABOUT THE MELBOURNE-HOBART TESTS, BUT THESE MORE APPROPRIATE FOR A DEDICATED ARTICLE
Watty participating in the Melbourne-Hobart tests
   WIRELESS. COMMUNICATION WITH HOBART. LOW POWERED TRANSMITTERS. MELBOURNE, March 13. Commencing tomorrow night, and continuing until Sunday night, an attempt will be made by several Melbourne wireless experimenters to communicate with amateurs in Hobart with low-powered transmitters. Though commercial stations are daily in communication with Tasmania, the power to be used by the amateur stations will only be about one two hundredths of the power now used commercially and the aerials and apparatus generally will not be so favourable as the apparatus used in the commercial stations. Signals will be transmitted on a straight c.w. on a wave length between 410 and 440 metres and transmission will be commenced soon after 9 o'clock.
Melbourne Argus notes that Ross Hull managing the Melbourne-Hobart Tests
   Wireless Amateurs' Ambitious Task. Commencing tonight and continuing until Sunday night, an attempt will be made by several Melbourne wireless experimenters to communicate with amateurs in Hobart with low powered transmitters. Though commercial stations are daily in communication with Tasmania, the power to be used by the amateur stations will be only about one two-hundredth of the power now used commercially, and the aerials and apparatus generally will not be so favourable as the apparatus used in the commercial stations. Signals will be transmitted on straight C.W., on a wavelength between 410 and 440 metres, and transmission will be commenced soon after 9 o'clock. Great assistance will be afforded to the participants if any amateurs living outside Melbourne listen for the signals on the first nights, and send a report of their observations to Mr. R. A. Hull, Charnwood road, St. Kilda.
Indirect report of concerts transmitted by Watty and Medhurst
   AMATEUR WIRELESS EXPERIMENTERS. MESSAGES RECEIVED AT HOBART. IN TOUCH WITH PANAMA. A message from Melbourne appeared in yesterday's "Mercury" stating that commencing from last night an attempt was to be made by several Melbourne wireless experimenters to communicate with Hobart amateurs with low-powered transmitters. The power used by the experimenters was only about one-two hundredths of the power used commercially. The signals were to be transmitted on a straight continuous wave on an amateur wave length between 410 and 440 metres. When seen by a "Mercury" representative last night, a Hobart experimenter living at Battery Point, who has a valve-receiving gear stated that he was in communication with Melbourne at about 9.30 o'clock last night, and the message sent was received clearly, although the atmospheric conditions were not ideal for receiving. The experimenter also stated that during the past fortnight he had been receiving messages on low power from Melbourne, and other amateurs in Hobart had also been in communication. He stated that a concert transmitted between stations 7AA and 7AH (both Hobart stations) on Monday evening had been heard very distinctly. After the operator had received the "good-night" message from Melbourne he endeavoured to get into communication with Manila. Manila and Panama messages were heard rather clearly but when in touch with New York the transmission was too indistinct to be able to read. The experiments with Melbourne are to be continued till Sunday night. MELBOURNE, March 14 The first of a series of attempts that are being made by Melbourne wireless experimenters to communicate with amateurs in Hobart took place tonight. Each of the seven participants, instead of signalling with the call signal allotted to him, chose a word of four letters for the purpose of the test, the reason being that as only amateurs were transmitting signals, they knew the code word used by his fellows. Those receiving signals did not know by whom each series of signals was transmitted. As there are at present no amateur transmitting stations in Hobart capable of replying to Melbourne stations, it will not be known till tomorrow what signals have been received in Hobart.
Melbourne Argus provides details of the conduct of the Melbourne-Hobart Test 1923
   WIRELESS TO TASMANIA. Amateurs Arrange Tests. The first of a series of attempts being made by Melbourne wireless experimenters to communicate with amateurs in Hobart took place last night. Each of the experimental transmitters used was so adjusted that the input power did not exceed eight watts, transmissions being on a wavelength between 410 and 440 metres. Each of the seven participants, instead of signalling with the call signal allotted to him, those a word of four letters for the purpose of the test, the reason being that as only the amateurs transmitting the signals knew the code word used by his fellows, those receiving the signals did not know by whom each series of signals was transmitted. The transmissions were commenced at the conclusion of the ocean forecast, transmitted by the Melbourne radio station at 9 o'clock, and each operator continued his transmission for exactly 10 minutes. Sentences of 10 words taken from the Argus were transmitted by each of the stations. The tests will be continued tonight and each succeeding night up to and including Sunday night, either straight C.W. or telephony being used.
Meeting of WIA Tas held with large attendance, report of wireless concert by Watty, also lectures about his transmitting set
   MEETINGS, ETC. WIRELESS INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA. A meeting of the newly formed Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia was held in the Victoria hall last night. A number of new members were present, and Mr. F. W. Bennett presided over a large attendance. A short discussion took place concerning the transmission of a concert on Monday night last. The participants in the demonstration, which was witnessed by over 20 persons, including the science masters and students of Hutchins School, were Messrs. H. Lewis and T. Watkins. No external wires were used in the demonstration. It was moved by Mr. Collis, and seconded by Colonel Olden, that Mr. R. Nettlefold be elected president, vice Mr. Hallam, resigned. Mr. Watkins gave a short lecture concerning his transmitting set, and a general discussion followed. Votes of thanks were passed to Messrs. Watkins and Lewis for their interesting account of the transmission of the concert, and the next meeting was fixed for April 18.
Watty again receiving Melbourne transmissions in the Melbourne-Hobart tests
   AMATEUR WIRELESS EXPERIMENTS. HOBART AND MELBOURNE. The experiments made by Melbourne wireless enthusiasts to communicate with Hobart amateurs with low-powered transmitters, were continued last night. Two complete messages were received last night from Melbourne by a Hobart experimenter living at Battery Point, one between stations FORD and TAA, at 9.15 and one between stations MORE and TAA between 9.20 and 9.30. A third test was too indistinct for a complete message to be taken. Communication was made with two foreign stations, additional to those heard on the previous evening. Atmospheric conditions were very thick and entirely militated against the establishment of complete and clear communication.
Another report of Watty's key participation in the Melbourne-Hobart tests
   AMATEUR WIRELESS TESTS. Although it is only since the beginning of December that amateur wireless operators have been permitted to experiment in the transmission of signals, several experimental wireless telegraph and tele- phone transmitters have been erected in Melbourne, and have proved very successful. Commencing on Wednesday night, an endeavour was made by six Melbourne experimenters to transmit messages to Mr. T. Watkins, of Hobart. The tests were continued on Thursday night, and a reply received from Mr. Watkins yesterday morning announced that four of the six experimental stations had been heard. The power in the aerial at the Melbourne radio station is about 1,500 watts, but it was only about five watts in the aerials of the amateur stations. The four successful Melbourne experimenters are Mr. R. A. Hull, of St Kilda (3JU); Mr. H. Holst, of Caulfield (3BY); Mr. H. K. Love, of East Malvern (3BM); and Mr. E. H. Cox, of Elsternwick (3BI). Mr. S. M. Newman of the Amalgamated Wireless (Aust ) Ltd., was also successful in transmitting signals on low power from Canterbury. Experiments were continued last night, and will be repeated tonight and tomorrow night. Assistance will be afforded if any signals heard at stations outside Melbourne are reported to Mr. R. A. Hull, Charnwood road, St Kilda.
Melbourne Argus summarises the conclusion of the Melbourne-Hobart Tests
   PROGRESS IN WIRELESS. by METRE. . . . Amateur Transmitting Tests. Singular success has attended the first organised attempt of Melbourne amateurs to transmit messages to another State, all seven of the stations competing in the recent Tasmanian tests having been successfully copied in Hobart. The stations were heard on a single valve set, and code words were successfully copied through bad static. In addition, five of the seven stations were copied in Sydney under even worse conditions, for not only was the distance much greater than the distance to Hobart and overland and the static equally bad, but the operators of the Sydney stations were hampered by strong interference from local transmitters. Another test this time for Sydney experimenters will be commenced on Sunday night, and continued on Monday and Wednesday nights. The same seven stations will compete, but each will be allotted a new code word. It is also hoped in the near future to hold a test with Adelaide amateurs, and Mr. R. A. Hull, of Charnwood road, St. Kilda, who organised the Tasmanian test, is at present endeavouring to make the arrangements. Not only is great success being attained by amateurs with C.W., but excellent results are being obtained with telephony also, five Melbourne amateur telephone transmitters being heard excellently nt Sorrento on Saturday night and during Sunday.
Watty provides the music and transmitter for a demonstration of wireless telephony at Hobart
   Wireless Wonders. MUSIC THROUGH THE ETHER HOBART EXPERIMENTS. Even those unfamiliar with the first principles of electricity grant that, in the light of what already has been accomplished, its possibilities must be infinite. The fact that the most advanced students of electricity, and the men whose names will be handed down to posterity because they invented ways of harnessing it to serve the ends of industry and commerce to such an amazing extent cannot say just what is that elusive something which is said to be contained in the earth, the ether — everything lends it a touch of romance. Who knows but that even now we are approaching very close to a new era of discovery? Not many years ago wireless telegraphy was invented, making it possible for code messages to be flashed half way round the earth in less than the twinkling of an eye. Perfect communication systems were established, and distances diminished with the application of the epoch-making discovery. Now has come wireless telephony, by which actual speech can be transmitted through space in the same way that a conversation is carried on over the telephone wire. The elementary principles of wireless telegraphy and wireless telephony are the same in many respects. Wireless telegraphy consists of the projection into the atmosphere of electrical impulses at high tension. Receiving stations pick up the code signals; not the actual electricity set free, but impulses of corresponding variations, in the same way that a pint of water forced into a pipe already full of the liquid would cause a similar amount to come out at the other end. In wireless telephony, the electricity, before being driven out into the atmosphere, passes through a delicate transmitter, which causes the impulses liberated to be varied as the voice speaking into the transmitter rises and falls. With instruments suitably tuned these impulses are captured and converted back into sound. Mr. H. G. Lewis, a committeeman or the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia, gave a number of persons interested a practical demonstration of wireless tele-phony. Among those who attended were Messrs. J. P. Piggott, M.H.A., S. A. Young, W. Scanlon (secretary of the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute), and a representative of "The Mercury." At his home Mr. Lewis has erected an experimental wireless telephone and telegraph set, and it was an intensely interested little party that listened to a delightful programme of music from a new Edison phonograph (supplied by Messrs. Paton's), located in a house two miles away. Atmospheric conditions were rendered exceptionally bad by the thunder storm that night. With every flash of lightning, no matter how far distant, the transmitter emitted a grating sound. Through the ether came "By the Waters of Minnetonka," sung by Stella Power, a duet by Althouse and Middleton, a piano solo, and the well-known selection "Ol' Comrades March," played by a band. The sound quality was excellent. Occasionally there came "Are you getting it, Bill?" from the registered transmission station 7AA, where Mr. T. Watkins, an official of the institute, was operating the phonograph. By an adjustment of the mechanism to a greater wave length signals emanating from the Government wireless station in Sydney could be heard, and units of the Australian fleet sending out messages in mid-ocean could be linked up. A little more judicious j tuning and the wireless stations at Melbourne and Adelaide were heard. A remarkable feature of Mr. Lewis' set is the entire absence of overhead wires, and the galvanised iron roof of the operating room is the only medium by which the impulses are gathered from the ether. Hills and high-tension wires intervened, between the two stations used without detriment to the messages. Mr. Lewis believes that the high wattage used in the big stations is often unwarranted, as he frequently has heard speakings from Sydney, using 1,500 watts, and messages from amateurs in Melbourne, using five watts, with equal distinctness. In England, organisations have been formed for the purpose of broadcasting music, etc., to thousands of listeners in all parts of the country. Already something of a similar nature has been commenced on the mainland, and will doubtless develop greatly, provided the Amalgamated Wireless Co., to which the Commonwealth Government has given entire control of wireless operations throughout the Commonwealth, takes up a favorable attitude. Registered experimenters are sworn to secrecy in regard to private messages received, and it is thought that with this provision, no steps will be taken to prevent enthusiastic amateurs having their sets and enjoying the fascinating experience of listening to music and the human voice from afar.

##### 1923 05

Watty attends meeting of WIA Tas and is to lecture at next meeting
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. The monthly meeting of the Wireless Institute was held at the clubrooms, Trafalgar-place, last week, when Mr. F. W. Bennett presided over a good attendance. A feature of the evening was a lecture on the storage battery by Mr. W. C. Crocker, a member of the council of the Institute. He explained the construction and working of the ordinary plate battery in a manner that should enable amateur wireless operators to get the best possible results. The secretary (Mr. W. Scanlon) announced that the erection of the aerial on Saturday, and that the set would be in operation within a month. At the next monthly meeting Mr. T. Watkins will address members on the elementary workings of a wireless set.

##### 1923 06

Watty provides a telephony transmission to test the new aerial at the WIA Tas clubroom
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE OF TASMANIA. The newly formed Wireless Institute (Tasmanian Division), who's club-rooms are situated in Trafalgar Place are moving with the times. Last week the aerial of liberal dimensions was erected, and a trial for its efficiency was given by members of the council one night last week. The Medhurst Electrical Co., of Argyle Street, very kindly loaned a MR4 De Forrest Triple Honeycomb Tuner and Detector, which worked exceptionally well. Music and speech was received very clearly from Mr. T. Watkins' station, 7AA, Sydney weather report came in very distinct at 8.30 p.m. Melbourne, Adelaide, etc., were received with equal clearness. The aerial proved very efficient on long wave reception, New York, Central, Cavite, etc. being quite readable. The council of the Institute are endeavouring to have the complete transmitting and receiving set in operation in the very near future. This action will no doubt cause great interest to be taken in the club, especially at the Morse Code practice nights, when members will have the opportunity of learning to send and receive without charge. The Institute is open to all comers really interested in the fascinating science, and to run the club success science, and many amateurs in Tasmania as possible.
Watty features in a detailed review of wireless worldwide and locally in the Hobart Mercury by "R. J. W." - but who is RJW?
   Wonders of Wireless. Story of its Rapid Development. Magic Messages Through the Ether. WHAT TASMANIA IS DOING. (By R. J. W.) If it be true that all world progress rests upon interchange of ideas, then it is doubtful whether the world has reason to be grateful for any of the epoch making discoveries of the last century more than for wireless, the magic message of which can encircle the globe in less than the twinkling of an eye. When the first call of distress was flashed out through the ether from a doomed ship, radio forced its way into the popular imagination. Since, its value has come to be regarded as inestimable as a means of world communication. Even now "the greater radio" — the radio of the future — with its manifold ramifications in the transmission of intelligence, is faint upon the horizon, especially here in Australia. Not that we are very far behind the rest of the world in knowledge of the subject at its present stage of development, for during the last few months the people of Tasmania have been reading with a great deal of interest of the doings of amateur wireless enthusiasts in and about Hobart, and it will be recalled that recently in this city, a public demonstration was given of wireless telephony by which the actual voice is transmitted through the atmosphere, so that it is quite possible for concerts being held in Melbourne to be enjoyed by the Hobartian ensconced in an armchair in his own home. Most of the amateurs of Hobart belong to the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia. They have acquired a club room, and installed wireless apparatus there. There is great enthusiasm particularly among the younger members, and the membership roll is growing daily. SOME EARLY HISTORY OF WIRELESS. Hertz, a German scientist, was the first to discover that electricity could be used to send wireless messages. He used an apparatus known as an induction coil which he found would convert electricity from low to high tension and cause a spark to leap across quite a wide gap. Experimenting with this coil Hertz found that when in operation it caused electrical vibrations in metallic bodies and in various electrical devices. Knowing that the air was the only connection between his apparatus and the objects in which the vibrations were induced he set himself out to examine this new phenomenon. By careful analysis of the effect of the current, he came to the conclusion that the all-pervading ether was capable of carrying electromagnetic waves, and that these waves travelled outward through the air in all directions. The German scientists discovery was widely published but it meant little or nothing at that early stage in the history of electricity just as the Einstein theory means very little to the general public today; yet it registered with a deep understanding upon the mind of an Italian of 18 summers. His name was Guglielino Marconi and he reasoned: "If it is true that electromagnetic waves can be carried by the ether, electric energy can be carried by the same means. I could break these waves into dots and dashes — short and long spurts of electricity corresponding to the Morse code. Having done this, the ether could be made to take the place of telegraph wires." With this objective Marconi experimented a great deal and found that in order to send out the electric waves efficiently, it was necessary to connect an insulated wire suspended in the air, with one side of (Start Photo Caption) AN OPERATING ROOM. THE TRANSMITTING SET IS SHOWN ON THE LEFT. (End Photo Caption) the induction coil, the other side being connected with the earth. This simple contrivance was the first wireless sending apparatus. The next thing was to find some means of detecting in the air the impulses sent out. Metal filings a small glass tube were found to cohere when radio impulses were in evidence, and so, when the filings were placed between two pieces of metal, a wire from one side being connected with an aerial, and the other to earth, every electrical impulse travelled down the aerial, and caused the filings to cohere, or change in persistence. The amount of energy thus captured out of the atmosphere was exceedingly small, but it was sufficient to operate a relay, which conveyed it on to the receiving telephones, or to an ink recorder similar to those used in railway offices, etc., today. Thus the feeble action of the metallic filings was used to do a specific job — to make long and short impulses audible, or to record them on paper. Wireless is now approaching perfection. The ether is full of messages, and even music, and to those unfamiliar with the intricacies of radio principles a problem presents itself as to why the messages do not get confused. Once this was a difficulty, but it was overcome by tuning of the sending and receiving apparatus to the same pitch. The principles of tuning are simply explained. A violin string tuned to a certain pitch and played upon will cause another string similarly tuned to set up powerful vibrations, and so it is with wireless. The receiver must be in tune with the transmitter, or it will not function. That the message travels from the transmitter to the receiver in a direct line, and nowhere else, seems to be a common fallacy. Electromagnetic waves travel from the transmitter in all directions, just as a stone thrown into water will cause ever-widening ripples to radiate out. SHIP TO SHORE COMMUNICATION. Marconi went to England, and was encouraged in his experiments by the British G.P.O. officials. Various tests were carried out, both on land and sea, and the distance which messages could be sent gradually lengthened. The tremendous value of the invention to the maritime world was first demonstrated in 1909, when the s.s. Republic ran into the Italian steamer Floridor off the "Banks," near Nantucket Island. The operator, Jack Binns, sent out the message that 1,500 lives were in danger. Other ships heard, and, hurrying to the scene, prevented great loss of life. How the liner Titanic crashed into an iceberg, and how the magic S.O.S. signal sent out from her, and so saved the lives of many of those on board, is well known. Suffice it to say that after that instance of the value of radio, all large ships carrying passengers were compelled to carry sets. Ships' sets are calibrated to a given wave length. They are always "listening in," and the land stations know what wave to call them up on. THOUSANDS OF RADIO MESSAGES. Every day millions of words are exchanged by radio between Europe and the United States. High power stations are used for these messages. Some are sent by hand, the method with which most are familiar, having seen the Morse code in use in post offices and railway stations, but now most go automatically, and are received in the same way. Thus the message goes like a flash of lightning, and it is no uncommon thing for a New York business house to receive an answer from Paris in less than 10 minutes. Practical use of the radio has grown tremendously in the last two years, and it has claimed over 20 per cent. more than the total business handled by the seven cables between Europe and the United States. The Long Island broadcasting station is the largest in the world, the aerial towers and buildings covering 10 square miles. It was opened by President Harding on November 5, 1921, by pressing a button, which sent out greetings to the world. The message was received in 28 different countries, and reached New Zealand, Australia, Tasmania, Japan, etc. It was the most powerful message that had ever been forced out into the ether, for it completely encircled the globe. WIRELESS TELEPHONY: ITS POSSIBILITIES. The basic principles of radio telephony are the same as those of wireless telegraphy, but in the former a vacuum tube takes the place of an induction coil. This tube resembles an ordinary electric light globe, and contains three metallic elements. A small vacuum tube will generate sufficient power to run a fan motor of 1-16 h.p. while the large type will run a 30 h.p. motor. The function of this tube is to modulate or vary the impulses sent out in accordance with the voice speaking into the transmitter. Australia is beginning to get a glimpse of the possibilities of the radiophone. America has lost no time in this direction, and broadcasting goes on regularly. One clergyman, who has despaired of getting the whole of his wayward flock to church, has commenced broadcasting sermons. He finds that many of those who have a distinct aversion to sermons in the ordinary way seem to enjoy them per medium of their telephony outfits, thousands of which are scattered about the country. Grand opera also is broadcasted. The new science has quite superseded the tape machine for the transmission of market and share reports, and the important happenings of the day are sent out for all who care to listen. To the people outback radio telephony has proved a great boon, for, despite the hundreds of miles that intervene, they are able to hearken to the voice of the city. In the near future the principal cities of Australia will have installed powerful radio telephony broadcasting stations, which will operate at fixed times. Music and information of all descriptions will be sent out. All that will be necessary for those desiring to participate will be a license to "listen in," and a receiving set. A knowledge of any code is unnecessary, for the voice, or music, as the case may be, comes with a distinctness equal to that of the modern phonograph. TASMANIAN ACTIVITIES. The Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia is an extremely live body. There are 40 members, and Mr. Robt. Nettlefold is president and Mr. J. H. Butters vice-president. Club rooms have been acquired in Trafalgar-place, at the rear of the National Mutual buildings, and a complete wireless outfit has been installed there. The objects of the institute are to encourage the scientific study of wireless telephony and telegraphy in Tasmania, to promote the intercourse of those interested in the subject, and to aid them with advice and instruction. It is proposed shortly to give a public demonstration at the club rooms, and to commence regular broadcasting of news, music, and lectures for the benefit of members all over Tasmania. There are over 50 licensed experimenters in Tasmania at present, and many of these have for some time been enjoying the nightly transmission of music and speech from Mr T. W. Watkins's station (call signal 7AA), situated in Warwick-street. Mr. Watkins is a very keen experimenter and he has the distinction of being the first amateur to transmit wireless signals direct from Hobart to Melbourne. His messages have on occasion been heard as far distant as Adelaide, a fact which is difficult to explain in view of the exceedingly low power used. Another telephony transmitting set at West Hobart is owned and operated by the honorary secretary of the institute (Mr. W. L. Scanlon), and he intends to broadcast music regularly in the course of a week or so. Mr. Harry G. Lewis, a prominent member of the council of the Wireless Institute, has been experimenting with wireless apparatus since 1912. Even with his knowledge of the possibilities of the radio he was surprised, on returning from the war, to find that so many new inventions had come to hand that most of his early gear was obsolete. Now, however, he has one of the most up-to-date stations in Tasmania. Recently (Start Photo Caption) TRANSMISSION ROOM OF A MODERN STUDIO FOR WIRELESS BROADCASTING. Radio receiving set at the club-rooms of the institute, Macquarie-street. On the left is the "loud speaker," which magnifies sounds received, and reproduces music and the human voice. In the centre is a high-frequency resistance capacity coupled amplifier, and on the right is the detector and tuner. Messages from all parts of the world can be received with this set. (End Photo Caption) "The Mercury" published an account of a broadcasting concert received by Mr. Lewis but this gave only a glimpse of what can be accomplished with this set. At practically any time he can hear stations working all over Australia and New Zealand, ships at sea hundreds of miles distant can be heard handling traffic and such high power stations in America and Europe as Nauen (Germany), Carnarvon (Wales), Eiffel Tower (Paris), Cavite (Phillipines) and Radio Central (New York) can be picked up daily sending news in the Morse code to distant countries. WITHIN REACH OF ALL. There are a number of types of receiving sets, namely, crystal detection vacuum tube (or valve), and multivalve. The crystal sets are obtainable at from £7. These are only capable of receiving telephony efficiently from 30 to 40 miles according to the power of the transmitter. An efficient one valve set capable of hearing concerts from Melbourne costs from £25 while the multi-valve set with two or more vacuum tubes may cost up to £50. The latter, however, if of the radio-frequency type, will bring in very distant and weak telephony and telegraphy much better than the one valve sets. A means of "stepping up" weak signals audible only with the crystal or valve detector is the audio frequency amplifier, and a two tube amplifier of this description costs in the vicinity of £14 extra to the detector portion. It will be seen therefore that radio-telephony and telegraphy are within the reach of almost everybody.
Watty ill for the WIA Hobart meeting, Scanlon steps up
   MEETINGS. WIRELESS INSTITUTE. The monthly meeting of the Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian division) took place at the club-room, Trafalgar-place, last evening. Mr. Crocker occupied the chair, in the absence of Mr. F. W. Bennett. Owing to illness Mr. Watkins was unable to give his lecture on "The Elementary Principles of Radio." Mr. Scanlon, secretary to the institute, gave a demonstration of reception on the receiving set kindly loaned by Messrs. Medhurst Ltd., to fill in the breach caused by the illness of Mr. Watkins.

##### 1923 07

Watty and Scanlon take alternate days to provide Hobart with a broadcasting station
   WIRELESS CONCERTS IN HOBART. Hobart, like other cities in the Commonwealth, is to have its share of wireless concerts. At present there are two amateurs in this city, Messrs. T. W. Watkins and W. L. Scanlon holding transmitting licenses, who for some considerable time past have brightened the amateurs' evenings by their broadcasting of music and speech. Arrangements have been made with the above by the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia to have regular wireless concerts during the evenings of the next eight weeks. The wave length used by both these stations is 250 metres, and the registered signal of Mr. Watkins's station is 7AA, and that of Mr. Scanlon is 7AL. The nights and hours of working of station 7AA are Tuesdays, Thursday, and Saturdays, from 8 p.m. to 9.45, and Sundays from 8pm until 9, and that of station 7AL is Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, times of working same as that of 7AA, and Sunday evenings from 7 p.m. until 7.45.
Watty assists a local Hobart family to listen to their daughter singing on the Palings Sydney station
   CONCERT BY WIRELESS. A wireless broadcasting concert is to be given at Paling's music warehouse in Sydney tonight, and Miss Myra Gillon, of Hobart, who at present is studying in Sydney, has been engaged to sing, "Softly Awakes." Mr. T. Watkins, a Hobart amateur, has invited the parents of Miss Gillon to "listen in" on his wireless set at his residence in Warwick-street. The information is given in order that any local experimenters who are interested may also enjoy the mainland concert on their own receiving sets.
As previous, reception not successful
   MUSIC THROUGH THE ETHER. Atmospheric disturbances and low transmitting power greatly marred the success of the wireless concert given by one of Hobart's most enthusiastic amateur radio men, Mr. Trevor Watkins, of Warwick-street, at his residence last evening. Advice had been received from Sydney that a wireless broadcasting concert would be given at Messrs. Palings, music warehousemen, and that one of the performers would be Miss Myra Gillon, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. H. Gillon, of Pedder-street, New Town. In anticipation of hearing their daughter's voice from afar, Mr. and Mrs. Gillon attended Mr. Watkins's concert last night. Numerous attempts were made by the operator to "pick up" the Sydney concert, and portions of several vocal and instrumental items were heard. Interruptions occurred during the period in which Miss Gillon was expected to sing, and her expectant parents had to be disappointed in this regard. There is the possibility, of course, that the young Hobartian did not perform. Telegraphic messages from various parts of the world were brought in, and it was an exceedingly interesting evening for those who attended.

##### 1923 10

Watty attends WIA Hobart meeting, appointed to co-ordinate Trans-Pacific Tests 1923 for Tasmania
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. ARRANGING DEMONSTRATIONS. A full Council meeting of the Australian Wireless Institute (Tasmanian division) was held in the institute rooms on Thursday night last. The following members of the Council were present:— Colonel Olden (chairman), Messrs. T. W. Watkins, W. Crocker, N. Gillham, Geo. Collis, jun., W. Doubikin, and the State secretary (Mr. W. Scanlon). Correspondence was tabled from the New South Wales division, asking for the co-operation of the Tasmanian division in the trans-Pacific tests. After a full discussion on the matter, Mr. T. W. Watkins was appointed to carry out the tests for the Tasmanian division. An application was received from the Launceston Wireless Club for affiliation, which was granted. The State secretary (Mr. W. Scanlon) reported that all arrangements were complete for the holding of a wireless dance in the City Hall at an early date. The Constructional Committee have been instructed to prepare transmitting and receiving units for the dance, which will be the first public wireless demonstration given in Tasmania. Full tests will be carried out by the Constructional Committee during the coming week, so that the public are assured that the demonstrations will be a success. The Chairman stated that the Administrator (Sir Herbert Nicholls) has signified his intention of being present at the dance with a party. Full reports of the tests will be given in the press.
Announcement of demonstration of wireless broadcasting as a "first" despite Watty's provision of same for over a year
   WIRELESS BROADCASTING. The first demonstration of wireless broadcasting in Tasmania will take place at the Pavilion de Danse, City-hall, on Saturday next, November 3, when a programme of dance music, songs, and speeches will be transmitted to the building through the air and received on an aerial erected in the hall. The Tasmanian branch of the Wireless Institute of Australia has received permission from the Director of Wireless Services to carry out this unique illustration of the most marvellous invention of this wonderful scientific age, and the whole of the receiving apparatus will be in full view of the audience. The entertainment is under Vice Regal patronage, and the proceeds will be devoted to further radio experiments by the Wireless Institute. An interesting and enjoyable evening is assured.
Advertisement in Hobart Mercury for First Demo
   RADIO. RADIO. DEMONSTRATION OF WIRELESS BROADCASTING by THE WIRELESS INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA (Tasmanian Branch). Under Vice-Regal Patronage. PAVILION DE DANSE — CITY HALL. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3. DANCING, 8 UNTIL 12 O'CLOCK. Admission to Hall, 2/4. Dances, 3½d. per Couple. Gallery, 1/2. Tickets obtainable and Lounges Reserved at Findlay's. Proceeds will be devoted to further Radio Experiments by the above Institute.
Active preparations by WIA Hobart for Demonstration of Wireless at Hobart City Hall
   WIRELESS BROADCASTING. Active preparations are being made by the Tasmanian branch of the Wireless Institute of Australia for the first demonstration of wireless broadcasting in Tasmania, to be held at the Pavilion de Danse, City-hall, on Saturday evening next. The latest and most up-to-date instruments have been obtained from the mainland, and a most interesting demonstration should result. The receiving apparatus will be installed in the body of the hall, in full view of the audience. The entertainment is under vice-regal patronage, and the proceeds are to be devoted to the fund for further radio experiments by the Wireless Institute.

##### 1923 11

Further announcement of impending wireless demonstration
   ITEMS OF INTEREST. . . . Wireless Broadcasting at City Hall. Arrangements are almost completed for the first demonstration of wireless broadcasting in Tasmania which is to take place at the Pavilion de Danse, City Hall, tomorrow (Saturday) night, when dance music will be transmitted to the building through the air and received on an aerial erected in the hall. Members of the Tasmanian branch of the Wireless Institute have received the latest and most up-to-date instruments from the mainland for this unique illustration of the marvellous invention of a wonderfully scientific age, and the whole of the receiving apparatus will be in full view of the audience. The entertainment is under Vice-Regal patronage, and the proceeds will be devoted to further radio experiments by the Wireless Institute. Mrs. Sheppard's orchestra will also be playing some new selections. Lounges may be reserved at Findlays.
WIA demonstration of wireless at Hobart City-hall postponed at last moment due to failure of an RF transformer
   WIRELESS BROADCASTING DEMONSTRATION. APPARATUS BREAKS DOWN. WEEK'S POSTPONEMENT. The Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian Division) had everything in readiness for a demonstration of broadcasting on a large scale at the City-hall on Saturday night, when, at the last moment, a difficulty that had been thought to have been surmounted necessitated the dropping of the arrangements for the time, the radio-frequency transformer having broken down when final test were being made. Owing to the stocks being limited, by reason of the great call for radio apparatus among amateurs on the mainland, these are very hard to replace. The construction experts of the institute worked all Friday night trying to remedy the breakdown, but found definitely at half-past seven on Saturday night that they were unable to guarantee full results, and a postponement was then decided upon. A considerable number of people, attended in the hope of witnessing the demonstration, and were much disappointed at the postponement, but there were none more so than the members of the institute, among whom in this connection may be specially mentioned Mr. Crocker, of the Auto-Electric, who supplied all the apparatus that was to be obtained for the purpose of receiving; Colonel Olden (chairman of the Tasmanian Division), and Messrs. Watkins, McMillen, Collis, and Doubikin, who had been working assiduously every night in the week, and with that patience which can possess the amateur when engaged upon an occupation deeply absorbing his interest. The receiving apparatus, to together with the three large magnavox reproducers which it had been intended should be heard last Saturday night, and which, with better luck, will be heard this weekend, are of the same type as those used at similar demonstrations on the mainland, and the magnavox reproducers themselves are the most efficient apparatus of the kind known to the radio world at the present time. At the postponed demonstration next Saturday night, it is stated by the promoters, the public may rest assured that they will be enabled to witness an interesting exhibition of the marvels of broadcasting, and to this end further exhaustive tests will be made during the week. It may be added that, the failure having been established, the Palais carried on as usual, and at the ordinary charges.
Advertisement for postponed demonstration, rescheduled
   RADIO DEMONSTRATION. By the Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian Division). PAVILION DE DANSE.— CITY-HALL. Under Vice-Regal Patronage. ON SATURDAY NEXT, 24th NOVEMBER. DANCING 8 TILL 12. Admission to Hall, 2s. 4d. Gallery, 1s. 2d. Dances 3½d. per couple. Experiments carried out since the postponement ensure an unqualified success. In addition to Mrs. Sheppard's Orchestra, dance music will be supplied by Wireless Broadcasting.
Watty participating in the rescheduled wireless broadcasting demonstration
   WIRELESS BROADCASTING. LOCAL DEMONSTRATION. Since the postponement a few weeks ago of the radio demonstration at the Pavilion de Danse, City-hall, the Wireless Institute has imported more expensive and effective apparatus, and, according to tests carried out by the experts, the demonstration to be held on Saturday night next promises to be an unqualified success. Radical alterations have been made, and those who have heard the music and singing reproduced from the air have been astounded with the marvels of the invention. In addition to the dance music, the instruments will at intervals pick up signals from Sydney and New Zealand, and probably from some ships at sea. These signals will be audible in every part of the large hall, and, if not of a private nature, will be explained. Altogether, a pleasant and instructive evening's entertainment is certain.
Monthly WIA Hobart meeting, Watty appointed assistant secretary, notes will be broadcasting next three Saturday nights
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. THE MONTHLY MEETING. The monthly meeting of the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia was held at the rooms of the Institute last night, Colonel O. L. Alderman presiding over a good attendance. On the recommendation of the council, the position of secretary was declared vacant, and Mr. G. A. Collis, jun., was appointed in his stead pro tem. Mr. T. W. Watkins was appointed assistant secretary. The Chairman reported that all arrangements were well in hand for the wireless demonstration to be given at the City-hall on Saturday night. He stated, also, that satisfactory tests had been carried out during the past week. Mr. T. W. Watkins announced that he would be transmitting the next three Saturday evenings on three watts for the benefit of local experimenters. The Chairman stated that the technical committee of the institute would meet one night in each week for the purpose of assisting amateurs in their problems, and to test apparatus. He stated, also, that arrangements were being made with the Naval authorities for the wireless operators of the British Fleet to give lectures to amateurs during their visit to Hobart.
Watty provides the music transmissions for a rehersal of the rescheduled wireless demonstration, including a six-piece orchestra in his home
   WIRELESS BROADCASTING. DEMONSTRATION AT CITY-HALL. The council of the Wireless Institute (Tasmanian division) had a most successful rehearsal at the City-hall last evening of their programme for Saturday night's entertainment. The music was supplied by an orchestra of six instruments which had been taken up to Mr. T. Watkins' residence at West Hobart, where the transmitting apparatus is installed. Every item went splendidly, and the enthusiastic little band of workers found that they had at last achieved the success they had been striving so hard to attain and so thoroughly deserved. The music was heard all over the hall, and it is safe to say that the dancers on Saturday night, will be sur-prised at the remarkable volume of sound which proceeds from the three loud speakers mounted on the orchestra platform. During the rendering of certain of the items, when the correct toning had been obtained, it was possible to hear the music on the opposite side of Macquarie-street; Indeed, a passenger on one of the Cascade tramcars was heard to remark: "I didn't know the Palais was on to-night." This shows what hard work will do, for Mr. Crocker, Mr. Collis (president of the institute), Mr. Monks, and the others during the last few weeks have been engaged often till 3 o'clock in the morning.
Announcement of wireless demonstration as beginning of wireless broadcasting in the island
   WIRELESS BROADCASTING. DEMONSTRATION AT CITY-HALL. Dancers and others who visit the City-hall to-night will be treated to a programme of music transmitted by wire-less from the residence of Mr. T. Watkins, at West Hobart. The members of the Wireless Institute have worked steadily for the last three weeks, and many trial tests have been conducted, with the result that a successful demonstration to-night is assured. Besides the orchestral items received from Mr. Watkins, it is expected that Sydney and Melbourne stations will be picked up. This will add materially to the novelty of the entertainment. No expense has been spared to provide the best apparatus obtainable, and the demonstration will be the first of its kind in Tasmania, and mark the beginning of wireless broadcasting in the island.
Formal advertisement for the wireless demonstration
   WIRELESS BROADCASTING DEMONSTRATION. PAVILION DE DANSE, CITY-HALL. TO-NIGHT (SATURDAY) DANCING, 8 TILL 12 O'CLOCK. Admission to Hall, 2/4; Gallery, 1/2. Dances, 3½d. per couple. Music by Wireless and Mrs. Sheppard's Orchestra. Proceeds to enable Institute to carry out further experiments. Lounges Reserved at Findlay's. Owing to the University Examination the Palais will be closed after Saturday until the 8th December.
Second attempt at wireless demonstration also a failure, reporter draws sad comparison with English broadcasting
   WIRELESS. Although the attempt to dance to wireless music on Saturday night at the City-hall was not a complete success, the music being too indistinct to be enjoyed, the experiment by the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute was one that deserved success and also encouragement. Such a demonstration — already partially achieved and certain to be full so at no distant date — brings home to people here the reality of the wonderful things that we hear of from elsewhere. Every day we report something striking of the kind. The other day, for instance, an amateur "listener-in" in England heard the complete service in a church over 3,000 miles away in New York. Another day a New Zealand liner approaching Auckland sent out wireless messages that were heard by people in the streets of San Francisco 5,600 miles away. In the British Election meetings now proceeding Mr. Baldwin's speeches have been delivered in one hall and heard in others at the same time and no doubt this method of stirring up political enthusiasm is being fully exploited in Great Britain at the present moment. It may be interesting to our readers to see a copy of an ordinary announcement in the London "Times" advertising the "broadcasting" programme for the day, cut from an issue in the file received by last mail: The broadcasting programmes today will be as follows:— LONDON (400 metres).— 11.30:— Miss Olive Bell (soprano). 5:— Women's Hour; Children's Stories. 7:— News; Mr. W. Rees Jeffreys, "The Roads and Traffic of Greater London." 7.30: — Classical Programme by the London Chamber Wind Players; Quintet for Piano and Wind (Mozart); Piano, Mr Maurice Cole; Miss Winifred Fisher (soprano), "The Shepherd on the Rock" (Schubert); Suite for Wind Quintet (Scarlatti, arr., Hinchliff); Miss Winifred Fisher, Four Parodies; Mr. Edward Augarde, Concertino for Clarinet (Weber). 9:— News. 9.15:— Simultaneous Broadcasting from Hotel Victoria, S. W., of the Speeches at the Royal Colonial Institute Dinner, by the Duke of Connaught; Mr. W. Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada; and General J. C. Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa, on the Toast "The United Empire." BIRMINGHAM (420 metres).— 3.30:— Mr. Paul Rimmer's Orchestra. 5 30:— Women's Hour; Children's Hour. 7:— News; Lloyd's Rhythmic Dance Band; Signor Silvio Sideli (base). 8:— Dance Band. 9:— News. 9.15:— Speeches of the Duke of Connaught and the Prime Ministers of Canada and South Africa on "The United Empire," as delivered in London (supra). GLASGOW (415 metres).— 3 30:— The Wireless Trio. 5:— Women's Hour; Children's Hour; Weather Report for Farmers. 7:— News; Orchestra; Miss Margaret Thackeray (contralto); Orchestra; Mr. J. W. Bowie (tenor). 9:— News. 9.15:— Speeches of the Duke of Connaught and the Prime Ministers of Canada and South Africa on "The United Empire," as delivered in London (supra). MANCHESTER (385 metres).— 3.30:— R.A.F. Band. 5:— Women's Hour; Farmers' Weather Report; Children's Hour; Mr. Stephen Williams (bass baritone); Mr. Foden Williams (entertainer). 7:— News; R.A.F. Band. 8.15:— Mr. Stephen Williams; Mr. Foden Williams; French Talk, Mr. F. J. Stafford; R.A.F. Band; News. 9.15:— Speeches of the Duke of Connaught and of the Prime Ministers of Canada and South Africa on "The United Empire," as delivered in London (supra). 10.30:— Weather Forecasts. CARDIFF (353 metres).— 3.30:— Mr. Falkman and his Orchestra. 5:— Women's Hour; Weather Forecast; Children's Hour. 7: — News; "Mr. John Masefield Evening," conducted by Mr. S. P. B. Mais. 9:— News. 9.15:— Speeches by the Duke of Connaught and the Prime Ministers of Canada and South Africa on "The United Empire," as delivered in London (supra). NEWCASTLE (400 metres).— 3.45:— Concert. 4.45:— Women's Hour; Children's Hour; Scholars' Hour; Boys' Brigade; Farmers' Corner. 7:— News; "Week's Music" (Mr. P. Scholes); Newcastle Wireless Orchestra; Miss Catherine Aulsebrook (contralto). 8:— Mr. Robert Strangeways (baritone); Mr. Matthew Newton (tenor); Miss Catherine Aulsebrook; Orchestra; Mr. Matthew Newton; Orchestra; Miss Catherine Aulsebrook. 9:— News. 9.15:— Speeches of the Duke of Connaught and the Prime Ministers of Canada and South Africa on "The United Empire," as delivered in London (supra); News.

##### 1923 12
#### 1924
##### 1924 01

Watty participating in all the interstate tests being conducted from Melbourne per Argus report
   Interstate Experiments. It is proposed again to conduct very low-powered wireless transmissions between Sydney and Melbourne experimenters. During the tests last Sunday night the minimum input power used for the successful transmission of signals was .005 of a watt, but it is hoped that with alterations to the transmitter and the addition of extra amplifiers to the receiver used in the tests, successful working will be established with considerably less power. An experimental wireless message received from Mr. Watkins, of Hobart, on Tuesday night stated that he had heard all of the signals sent on very low power from Sydney to Melbourne on Sunday night and Monday morning. The signals were reported to be of good strength even in Hobart which is about 700 miles in a direct line from Sydney. Interstate tests between Melbourne and other States are proceeding, and continuously since Saturday night a Melbourne station has been in communication with at least two interstate stations. On Tuesday night an experimental station in Gisborne (New Zealand) reported that test signals on low power from Melbourne were being received well. During the rainstorm on Wednesday night interstate communication was maintained without interruption.
Watty first Hobartian to communicate with Launceston (7AB, Arthur Carrington Smith, later of sound movies fame)
   LOCAL AND GENERAL. . . . Wireless Communication, with Hobart: After several vain attempts to communicate with Hobart by wireless from Launceston, success has been gained by a local amateur, Mr A. C. Smith, of High-st. Mr Smith arranged with Mr A. A. Watkins (T.A A.) of Hobart to listen for calls at 10.50 and 11 o'clock last night. Although atmospheric conditions were bad communication was successfully established, and it is now probable that further tests will eventuate.

##### 1924 04

After secretary of WIA Hobart resigns, Watty steps up and presents the annual report, elections result in only active experimenters being appointed. 7AA appointed honorary radio inspector
   THE WIRELESS INSTITUTE. ANNUAL MEETING. The first annual meeting of the Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian Division) was held last evening at the Masonic-hall. The president (Colonel O. L. Olden) presided over a large attendance. Owing to a dispute having arisen in the course of the preliminary committee meeting, the secretary of the Institute (Mr. Geo. A. Collis) vacated the position, and Mr. T. Watkins was elected acting secretary. The president read the report for the year, in the course of which it was stated that the council had arranged and carried out a program of activities, and had been successful in bringing the Institute prominently under the notice of the public by giving demonstrations. The council was now pleased to report steady progress. During the past twelve months the council had received rather a setback, owing to an atmosphere of antagonism displayed by some so-called enthusiasts, owing to this the council had not been able to carry out all its arrangements, and recommended that a council be appointed which would have the full confidence of all experimenters in Tasmania. The demonstration given in the City-hall had not been the success the council anticipated, but despite the many interferences, they had been successful in receiving music, and it was heard and danced to by those present. The city-hall was the biggest one in Australia in which a demonstration had been attempted. Mr. W. L. Scanlon, the division's first secretary, had tendered his resignation during November, 1923, owing to pressure of business; the council desired to place on record their appreciation of the good work done by the late secretary during the formation of the division. Members wished to congratulate Mr. W. T. Watkins on his appointment as Honorary State Inspector, and trusted that all experimenters would give him their support and assistance. In addition to those mentioned elsewhere in this report, the thanks of the Institute were due to the following:— Mr. Lucas (City-hall); Miss Dalton and members of the Gaiety Orchestra; Mr. F. Bennett; Mr. H. Webster, the Auto Equipment Company. The financial position of the division was not very satisfactory. The council considered that prospects for wireless experimenting in Tasmania, generally, were particularly bright. The officers elected for the year were as follows:— President, Colonel O. L. Olden; vice-presidents, Father Roach, Mr. Peterson; secretary and treasurer, Mr. Crockett; Council, Messrs, C. E. Johnston, C. Monks, G. Adams,, W. Doubikin, S. Deegan. On the motion of Mr. R. Buring the council elected for the year consisted entirely of experimenters. The President, in summing up the Institute's activities during its first year, expressed the wish that the work undertaken during the coming year would not be upset by petty troubles amongst the members, as had been the case in the past. A full report of the proceedings will appear in next week's "Illustrated Tasmanian Mail."

##### 1924 05

7AB Smith also active using the 7BN Wills & Co transmitter, contacts include Watty
   LOCAL DOINGS. 7BN (Messrs Wills and Co's experimental transmitter) seems to have been working overtime and to some effect lately on C.W. and I.C.W. The following are the States and stations that BN has been successful in establishing communication with and speaks well for the operator, Mr Arthur Smith: TASMANIA. 7AA W.T. Watkins, Hobart; 7BK T.A.C. Preston, Queenstown; and 7 AG J. C. Milne, Gretna. NEW SOUTH WALES. 2LO L. N. Schultz, Lane Cove; 2YI P. S. Nolan, Double Bay; 2ZZ C. P. Smith, Cremorne; 2BK M. Leverier, Sydney; and 2DS R. R. Davis, Vaucluse. VICTORIA. 3BD E. H. Cox, Terang; 3BQ W. F. M. Howden, St. Kilda; 3HH F. H. Maughan, Surrey Hills; 3BH C. R. Whitelaw, Mooroolbark; 3JH and 3 JW R. A. Hull, Sandringham. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 5AH P. L. Williamson, Adelaide; 5 DP Mr Anderson, Adelaide. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Mr Smethurst, Perth. NEW ZEALAND. 4AA Mr Bell, Palmerston South.

##### 1924 06

Watty the sole Tasmanian to log the telephony Trans-Pacific tests
   THE "NEWS" WEEKLY BROADCAST. LINKING THE CONTINENTS BY RADIO. NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN ENTERPRISE. (By "Broadcaster") Listen-in for South Africa between 4 a.m. and 7 a.m. daily, and send your log to "broadcaster," c/o "The News." Experimenters throughout Australia are doing their utmost these days to pick up the American and South African stations. Between 4 a.m. and 7 a.m., every morning hundreds of enthusiasts in all parts of Australia are trying to bridge the oceans by radio. All kinds of circuits have been employed, and generally the results may be considered satisfactory. New Zealand, being some hundred miles nearer the American continent than we, has the best amateur Australasian record so far for trans-Pacific communication. Sydney has done some fine work too, and reports have come through that the recent telephonic test messages with America were picked up by numerous experimental stations in that city. In Tasmania only one station logged the test. That was 7AA. He deserved his reward for long and patient early morning vigils. Western Australia is in a similar position with regard to the S. African tests as New Zealand is to the American, and as far as I can gather none of the Eastern States have logged anything beyond carriers. It is reported, however, that a West Australian station has been in almost constant communication with the C???? and this augurs well for the future. Working South Africa will involve considerable discomfort on account of the difference in times, which necessitates the early morning habit, but the position is reversed in the case of the trans-Pacific tests.
Jack Davis 2DS, visiting the Geelong Wireless Club, describes latest developments in radio, mentions Watty's role in the Trans-Commonwealth relay
   WIRELESS NOTES. At the Geelong Wireless Club on Saturday evening, May 14, a good representation of local radio experimenters gathered to hear Mr. D. Davies' lecturette on "DX" communication." The lecturer gave a graphical account of Mr. Chas. Maclurcan's (2CM) trip to America on the s.s. Tahiti, mentioning the fact that the aerials and counterpoise used were under the Tahati aerial proper, and that the whole of the apparatus used was constructed and installed by Mr. Maclurcan and Mr. Davies, who accompanied him as assistant. Unfortunately the transmitter valves were precipitated into everlasting darkness when 2CDM was 2,000 miles out, so that energies were confined to the reception of Australian amateur stations. 2CDM reports 3BM as strength 11 at 500 miles, 9 at 1,200 mls, and 4 at 2,000 miles. 3BM unfortunately blew his 5 watter at this stage. 3JH had strength 7 at 2,600 miles, 3JU strength 4 at 2,000 mls, and 3BD strength 3 at 2,000 miles. When the Tahiti anchored in San Francisco harbour, 2CM A. A. was plainly read at strength 5, whilst using both 100 watt and 8 watt transmitters. Much has been learnt regarding the state of American amateur conditions, and the trip was very successful in this respect. No report on the return trip has been written to date, but no doubt Mr Maclurcan will do so shortly. Mr. Davies also gave particulars regarding the Trans-Commonwealth radio relay last month, in which 6AC, West Australia failed to reach South Australia, but South 5BQ sent a message to 7AA Tasmania, and the latter relayed in 3JU Victoria, who did likewise for 2YI N.S.W., but Queensland had evidently "gone to sleep" by this time, and could not receive 2YI's code word. The lecturer paid special tribute to "DX" work done by Mr. Connelly 3BU on radio phone (Melbourne to most Queensland towns every evening), and to Mr. C. Whitelaw, 3BH, who is situated in Mooroolbark (and is therefore minus the Commission's electric supply) and uses a Deisel engine and generator. The fact that M. Le Roy, of Marseilles, France, has "connected" with Mr. Rhienharzt. of Los Angeles, California, was mentioned and commented on, together with the illustrations of KDKA Pittsburg, being rebroadcasted by 2LO London. In closing, Mr. Davies remarked that up till the present the English and Australian amateurs had not been able to bridge the distance (10,200 miles), but he urged that local "DX" hounds rebuild and rebuild until success is achieved. Mr. Fred Peddar proposed that a hearty vote of thanks be tendered to the lecturer for his splendid description of the favorite topic of all real radio men. He expressed the hope that at some future date Mr. Davies would find an evening to discourse on 2CDM's return trip, and the long wave "DX" work which engages him at present. Mr. C. Philpot (3CP) said that he was indeed pleased to endorse Mr. Peddar's remarks. The motion was carried by applause from the attendance. The President remarked that all parts were now complete for the new 5 valver, and that the mounting of same would be done this week. This evening a very attractive programme has been arranged. At 7 p.m. all members are requested to listen in at their respective receivers, when 3YA will be testing out new transmitting apparatus. Tests will be numbered as follows:— (1) New aerial (4 sections); (2) new coupler (4 sections); (3) microphones and new modulating positions (6 sections); (4) wave length adjustment; (5) C.W. telegraphy and ICW for crystal-gazers. All members are requested to make out reports during the progress of the tests and these will be read and comparisons made, and information regarding the transmitter will be given. There are several matters to discuss regarding new receiver, Institute affiliation, and Senior Section. All members are requested to endeavor to attend.
With the Wireless Regulations 1924 imminent, Watty and Scanlon reported working on a new station at West Hobart (7AL)
   NEW REGULATIONS. Out Tomorrow. The new batch of regulations which will be made available tomorrow will undoubtedly alter the entire outlook of wireless in Australia. Many enthusiasts who are today officially recognised as wireless experimenters tomorrow may not be entitled to this recognition. It is impossible to speculate as to the precise clauses of the regulations, but one thing is certain: the abolishment of sealed sets. The listener-in will not longer be tied to one wavelength, but will be in a position to take his choice of whatever is "in the air." It is possible, even probable, that the present "experimenters" will lose their licences. Experimental licences may be issued only to holders of transmitting and receiving licences, who may be permitted to employ regeneration up to 250 metres. It is whispered that listeners' licences will be freely issued for the operation of open sets, but on no account will regeneration be permitted. It is expected that the regulations will be modelled on those drawn up at the last Wireless Convention in Great Britain. ON THE AIR. Radio DX, or 7AA, Messrs. Watkins and Scanlon's station at West Hobart, is new nearing completion. The receiving set for local work has already been installed, and yesterday a number of willing helpers assisted in the work of arranging the transmitting plant. 7AA hopes to be on the air in the near future. Mr. Crocker, secretary and treasurer of the Wireless Institute, announces that he is erecting a big station above "The Astor," in Macquarie street. A powerful broadcasting station is just about to commence operations in Western Australia, according to a report received. From their broadcast station, 2YK, on the "Dominion" newspaper building, the Dominion Radio Company transmitted an ideal concert on Tuesday evening of last week. The items comprised, "Friend of Mine," "Cradle Song" (Kreisler), "A Brown Bird Singing," "Waters of Minnetonka," and "I Know of Two Bright Eyes" (songs), by Mr. Leigh Dew; "Hungarian Dances" Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 (Brahms) (pianoforte duets) by Miss Spinks and Mr. Kohn; "To the Spring" (Greig) (pianoforte solo), and "Just Her Way" (recitation) by Miss Dorothy Spinks; "Old Barty" (song) by Mr. Brady; "Intermezzo" and "'Angels Guard Thee" (violin solos) by Mr. Hector Clark. Did any Tasmanian pick them up? There is a whisper in the city that a large radio club is to be formed shortly, comprised of many present members of the Wireless Institute, and others. Broadcasters (Sydney) Ltd., the company which conducts the radio concert broadcasting station 2BL, in Sydney, comprises no fewer than 21 companies and traders of radio goods in Sydney. The address of Broadcasters (Sydney) Ltd., is Box 378, G.P.O., Sydney. The station, 2BL, commences broadcasting daily (excepting Sundays) at noon, and continues until 10 p.m., Sydney time. On Sundays transmission commences at 6.45 p.m., and concludes at 10 p.m. The company claims that the equipment has an output of 500 watts power. Scores of New Zealanders, including many Wellingtonians, regularly listen to the Sydney station. The concerts are always of a high order of merit. The Sydney time is an hour and a half behind that of New Zealand. The early part of the evening is devoted by 2BL to bedtime stories for the children. The evening concert commences at 8 o'clock, which is 9.30 p.m. in New Zealand.

##### 1924 07

Watty takes a three week break from wireless on doctor's orders
   ON THE AIR. Notes from Club and Station. Probably with a radio apparatus slung across his back Mr. T. Watkins, of Radio DX (7AA, West Hobart), has gone on a camping trip to the Jordan River. Those long, early-morning vigils have been too much for 7AA's health, and doctor's orders have had to be obeyed. He has gone away for three weeks.
Dissatisfaction with WIA Hobart reaches breaking point, Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club formed with Watty in attendance
   Radio Club for Hobart. Preliminary Arrangements. GOOD MEMBERSHIP ALREADY. At Radio DX, Messrs. Watkins' and Scanlon's experimental station in Warwick street, the organising committee of the Hobart Experimenters' Radio Club met to discuss the formation of the club and the proposed policy and regulations. Mr. Geo. Collis presided over the meeting and Mr. W. Scanlon was present as provisional secretary. It was unanimously decided to form the club immediately, and another committee meeting will be held on July 30 to fix the date of the first general meeting. Mr. Collis, in outlining the proposed policy of the club, said that already between fifty and sixty experimenters had expressed the desire to join up as soon as the preliminary arrangements had been completed, and the intense interest exhibited on every hand augured well for future success. It was true that a number of the proposed members were at present actually members of the Tasmanian Division of the Wireless Institute, but it said a great deal for their enthusiasm in the radio field that they should wish to separate themselves from a movement which had not been able to meet their needs. It was not the desire, however, of the present club to aim any blows at the Institute, which had no doubt done its best, but the desire was to remain on very friendly terms with that body. "After all," said the chairman, "what is desired above all things is that there shall be no room for petty squabbles amongst Tasmanian experimenters. A true wireless man has no time for such things." Mr. Scanlan suggested that the new club should be of a social as well as scientific nature. There would be less difficulty, he said, in the members pulling together if they all got to know one another. There should be nothing to prevent a game of cards at the conclusion of a meeting. "To get away from wireless for a bit is good for everyone," he added. It was decided that, in order to get the best results, every member of the club would have to be nominated by another member who would be personally responsible for the new member's conduct. It was thought that a genuine wireless spirit would thus prevail throughout the club. In the course of the meeting a number of proposals were brought forward which will be dealt with at the first general meeting at the end of the month. Meanwhile, the chairman urged the members of the organising committee to bring the club before the notice of Hobart experimenters, who would undoubtedly see the benefit the organisation will be to wireless in Tasmania. These present were Messrs. E. D. Crisp, W. Smith, J. McMillan, Geo. Collis, C. Webster, R. O'May, T. Watkins and C. Chapman.
Watty still off on camping trip
   The World of Radio. WEEKLY WIRELESS JOTTINGS. . . . Mr Trevor Watkins, of Radio DX (7AA) is still away on his camping trip. He is expected to return next week.
Watty commences part-time with Medhurst Electrical
   GETTING BUSY. Hobart Firm's Success. A number of large shipments of radio equipment have been received lately by Medhurst and Sons, Collins street. The radio department of this firm is under the supervision of Mr. T. Watkins, of West Hobart, who interviews intending purchasers on Friday evenings and Saturday mornings. Medhurst's are doing a fine trade in Wecovalves, the tiny peanut tubes recently placed on the market. Low running cost and high efficiency are combined to make the Wecovalve one of the best valves obtainable. Western Electric 2-valve high frequency sets and Federal D.X. 58 sets are also proving very popular.
Watty returns from his camping trip
   RADIO NOTES FROM HERE AND THERE. Mr. T. Watkins, of Radio DX, has re-turned to Hobart from his camping holiday up the Jordan River, and on Friday night his voice was once again heard through the ether, transmitted from 7AA.
Watty goes the extra mile to sell wireless sets for Medhurst Electrical
   HERE NOW. Set Used in N.S.W. WIRELESS FOR SCHOOLS. It was reported in yesterday's "News" that the Minister for Education (Mr. A. G. Ogilvie) was enquiring into the possibility of broadcasting news, etc., to the outback schools. He had been struck by the successes achieved in this direction in New South Wales, where the Government was giving the scheme its full support. It has now been ascertained that similar apparatus to that employed by the New South Wales Government in the official tests is at present in Hobart, to the order of Medhurst and Sons, Collins street. Last evening a "News" representative listened-in to Farmer's broadcast (Sydney) with this apparatus, at Mr. Watkins's residence, West Hobart, where it is being tested and adjusted. During the tests on the mainland the apparatus was tried out at Bourke, over 600 miles from Sydney, with surprising results. During a recent test at West Hobart, Sydney music and speech were heard 200 yards from the wireless cabin. On this occasion the doors and windows of the cabin were securely locked.

##### 1924 08

Watty returned from camping holiday but remains unwell
   THE RADIO CLUB. Final Arrangements. What Is Being Done. At Radio DX, Warwick street, on Wednesday evening last, the organising committee of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club met to discuss future operations. There were two absentees, Messrs. Webster and Watkins. The secretary explained that Mr. Webster was still away on his camping trip up the Jordan River, and that Mr. Watkins had not benefited by his holiday and was still seriously ill. On the motion of Mr. Scanlon, Mr. Geo. Collis took the chair. Regeneration Favored. A letter was read from Mr. Phil. Renshaw, secretary of the N.S.W. Division of the Wireless Institute, with reference to the Victorian Division's objection to the department's proposals regarding regeneration. The letter read as follows: "The executive of this division has noted the objection of the Victorian division to the department's proposal to allow the use of uncontrolled regenerative receivers for broadcasting. "The executive of this division has carefully considered, this matter on many occasions, and has come to the conclusion, after exhaustive investigations, that the use of regeneration to its full extent should be allowed in the wireless receivers throughout the world." On the motion of Mr. Scanlon, it was decided to propose at the first general meeting that the club should support the New South Wales Division in this matter, and that a letter be forwarded to the secretary of the division, offering co-operation in the carrying out of the regulation so far as experimenters were concerned. First General Meeting. It was decided, on the motion of Mr. Derek Crisp, that the first general meeting of the club should be held on Monday, August 11. A member of the committee, Mr. W. Smith, made it known in the course of the meeting that the University of Tasmania had offered the club the use of the Lecture Hall on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The first meeting will, therefore, be held in the Lecture Hall, and it is expected there will be a big roll-up. One or two prominent citizens are to be approached with a view to their giving short lectures on scientific subjects at the inaugural meeting, and the occasion should thus be a memorable one. Wireless in Schools. Mr. Smith moved that every assistance be given to the Minister for Education (Mr. A. G. Ogilvie) towards the furtherance of his scheme for promoting wireless in outback schools, and this was agreed to.
Launceston sends best wishes to Watty for recovery
   The World of Radio. WEEKLY WIRELESS JOTTINGS. . . . RANDOM NOTES. . . . Mr. T. Watkins of 7AA, 7DX Hobart is still seriously ill. His camping trip did not benefit him to the extent that was expected. Launceston experimenters are sorry to hear of the continued illness of Trevor and all hope that he will be soon OK and his merry voice heard again on the air.
Scanlon setting up Medhursts' in Launceston, mentions his early association with Watty
   ANOTHER WIRELESS DEALER FOR LAUNCESTON. It has been made known by Mr W. L. Scanlon, present secretary of the Hobart Experimenters' Radio Club, that he has accepted a position in the newly-formed Launceston branch of Medhurst and Sons. The announcement of his leaving Hobart will be received with genuine regret, as Mr Scanlon, in the course of his experimental and secretarial work in connection with wireless affairs, has made himself a very popular figure in the South. Mr Scanlon first associated himself with experimental wireless in 1921, erecting an efficient installation at his residence in Hill-street. Later on he obtained a transmitting license and carried out a number of useful tests with Messrs Lewis and Watkins. When the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia was formed Mr Scanlon was appointed the secretary for the Southern division. He is leaving for the North at the end of the month. E
Members of Cabinet to visit Watty's shack to observe demonstration of wireless set
   WIRELESS IN SCHOOLS. LANSDOWNE CRESCENT TO SECURE SET. Some weeks ago the Minister for Education (Hon. A. G. Ogilvie) announced that he was instituting inquiries in other States, particularly New South Wales, on the question of the installation of wireless sets in State-schools. The announcement has led to considerable interest being aroused in the subject, and as one result a meeting of parents and pupils of the Lansdowne crescent school held on Thursday night decided to purchase a 4-valve receiving set, which will be powerful enough to pick up broadcasted items from the mainland stations. Parents were enthusiastic about the scheme and the sum of £50 was guaranteed towards the cost. The Lansdowne-crescent school set will be equipped with a "loud speaker," and so arranged that it may be transferred from one room to another in the school. Senior boys will be instructed in its manipulation, and later on it is intended to form a wireless club. The Minister stated yesterday that he intended to interest the various Parents' Associations in the scheme, and see if they would endeavour to raise the price of receiving sets with loud speakers in each school. He understood that a broadcasting plant would be erected in Hobart in the next few months, and he had therefore written to the Broadcasting Company in Melbourne in connection with this matter. Mr. Ogilvie added that if the plant were established the Education Department would probably be able to arrange to broadcast for half an hour or an hour each day information of an educational value, and at night both parents and scholars would be able to listen to the broadcast concerts. Mr. Ogilvie attended a demonstration at Messrs. Medhursts' station last night, and probably members of the Cabinet will visit Mr. T. Watkins's station at Warwick-street on Wednesday evening.

##### 1924 09

Watty attends school parents' meeting with a view to receiver sales
   GOULBURN-STREET SCHOOL. MEETING OF PARENTS. PROPOSED WIRELESS SET. Some two mouths ago the Goulburn-street School Parents' Association decided to hold a school demonstration with a view to raising funds in order to be in a position to establish a wireless set in the school if it was warranted. At the annual meeting of that body last night the matter was discussed. Mr. C. K. Johnstone was in the chair, and he was supported by the headmaster (Mr. G. Limb). Mr. T. Watkins attended, and explained the use of valve sets. He also made recommendations as to the best sets for school work. Mr. G. Limb thanked Mr. Watkins for the information he had imparted. It seemed, he said, that matters were not perfected yet by any means. He suggested that they should defer discussion until a fair amount of money had been received. Mr. F. A. Flint moved that consideration of the matter be postponed until a Tasmanian broadcasting station, was definitely established. Mr. Limb moved as an amendment that consideration be deferred until the results of demonstrations in other schools were made know. The amendment was carried. Mr. Limb reported the progress made with regard to the school demonstration to be held in a fortnight's time, and several offers of assistance were made by members present. A protest was made at the meeting against the Education Department's action in charging half the cost of the handwork material for infant classes to the school fund without first consulting the Parents' Association, and it was decided that a deputation wait on the Minister for Education regarding the matter. The financial statement tabled by the treasurer showed the bank balance to be £31 5s. 6d., and accounts amounting to £8 13s. 2d. were passed for payment. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year:— President, Mr. L Kerslake; vice-president, Mr. F. Honeys secretary, Mr. V. R. Long; treasurer, Mr Burnell; a large committee was also elected. Votes of thanks to the retiring officers concluded the meeting.
Watty hears another trans-Pacific station near KGO
   MYSTERIOUS MUSIC. Heard by Trevor Watkins. Particulars of an interesting radio experience are to hand from Mr. T. Watkins of West Hobart. After picking up KGO last Saturday night. Mr. Watkins tuned in to another station on a similar wave length; approximately 325 metres. The call sign of this station was indistinctly heard, only the final letters being audible. Following the call, ?JX, a programme of first-class music was heard, strength being about half that of KGO. Mr. Watkins has twice heard this mysterious station without catching the call letters. He believes the signals to be either of American or Hawaiian origin. In view of the tests being carried out, particulars of which are given this week, it is probable that the station is working from Honolulu. Bearing on the above, an extract from the Wellington "Dominion":— "The Rev. Bryan King, of Dunedin, is described as probably the most enthusiastic and successful amateur broadcast listener in that city. Mr. King says that every night between 7 and 8 he hears a station sending music and speech just about the same wave length of KGO (the well-known Californian station, which comes in well), but he cannot tune in quite clear enough to distinguish the call sign. Does anyone know this station?"
Watty announced to be giving a lecture on tuning at the next meeting of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club, also describes his excellent reception of KGO
   RADIO NOTES FROM HERE AND THERE. With a single Annaka (Jap.) tube, Keith Snook, aged 16, last week succeeded in picking up KGO, the Californian broadcaster from 7 o'clock to 7.20. Radions are asking Keith where and how he obtained his valve. Some remarkable crystal reception of the Dunedin concert station (4YA) is reported to Mr. O'Neill. A listener-in, Mr. Harris, residing at Owaka, 20-miles north of Christchurch, a distance of 280 miles from Dunedin, receives every concert from 4YA on a crystal set employing a loose coupler. It is believed by a number of radions that the Federal sets do not cover all bands of wave lengths. As a matter of fact both the Federal 58 and DX4 are capable of picking up all the mainland broadcasters and also the Californian station, KGO. 20B (Johannesburg) transmits every Sunday and Wednesday, 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. on about 200 metres and A.1A (Capetown) transmits every Thursday 8.30 to 9.30 on 195 metres. At the next meeting of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club a lecture on rigging aerial masts, splicing, etc., is to be given by Mr. Duffy who is a master of this work. Following that will come Mr. Watkins' lecture on tuning, and a more detailed address by Dr. McAulay. Mr. T. Hopkins, of Moonah, had remarkable results with three valves last Wednesday, when despite the interference the Melba Opera Co. was picked up from beginning to end. During last week the Attorney-General (Mr. A. G. Ogilvie) listened-in on three consecutive nights to the broadcast from Sydney. Mr. F. W. Medhurst is at present experimenting at his home in Sandy Bay with various types of receiver, with a view to eliminating as far as possible the interference trouble. From Messrs. Medhurst and Sons last week a £112 radio receiver was purchased by a resident of Fitzroy Place. As far as can be ascertained, no one picked up Mars last week. It would be interesting to know what the Martians do with the fellows who let their valves oscillate. Possibly they employ some system of slow and painful electrocution. By the aid of receiving sets and loudspeakers, ten thousand school children in 60 schools in and around London recently listened intently to an afternoon address on "Music and School Life," by Dr. Sir Walford Davies, broadcasted by the big London station, 2LO. Some 25 boys and girls were seated in the broadcasting studio behind the microphone, and were greatly interested in what they saw. As a result of this initial experiment addresses on subjects of interest to the children are now being given by radio regularly during school hours. 2RJ, the N.S.W. amateur broadcaster, is heard in Tasmania with remarkable clarity. Mr. F. W. Medhurst picked him up on Friday night at his experimental station at Sandy Bay. The same evening was heard "The Barcarolle," from "Tales of Hoffman," "Night of Stars," and several other numbers. Amateur interference was painfully obvious during the entertainment. Mr. Cyril Monks was successful in picking up 2FC opera last week. Quite a large crowd of interested listeners-in were present and thoroughly enjoyed the programme. "As loud as 4YA (New Zealand)." That was how Mr. T. Watkins described the music from KGO received last week with two stages of amplification and a loud talker. It is rumored in the city that Mr. Martin is to pay a surprise visit to Hobart shortly. Messrs. Medhurst and Sons have offered to lend the Radio Club apparatus for use at its Lecture Hall meetings. It is proposed to give practical demonstrations of tuning in the course of the year. At the City Police Court recently the Police Magistrate, (Mr. E. W. Turner) paid a compliment to the efficient radio service between Maria Island and Tasmania. The case was one in which one of the parties in a maintenance proceeding was summoned to the city by wireless. Mr. W. Scanlon, late secretary of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club, is leaving for Launceston on Monday. He is to join the Launceston branch of Medhurst and Sons, and will give his attention almost exclusively to wireless matters. Mr Scanlon at the last meeting of the Radio Club, was presented with a fountain pen.
Watty one of several prominent Hobart experimenters who comment of the solution to the howling problem last week
   INTERFERENCE PROBLEM. What Experimenters Think. In view of the interference trouble last week a number of well-known experimenters were approached on Saturday and invited to give any suggestions they might have in mind for the elimination of the nuisance. Mr. T. Watkins (7AA). "I think it would be a good thing for experimenters to join the Radio Club which has recently been formed. They would then get instruction in the art of operating their receivers. My word of advice to these folk is, "Don't be afraid to ask questions." If your set is not working to full capacity, ask someone what you ought to do about it." Mr. Bowden. "I would draw the attention of experimenters to Regulations 89, 90 and 91, and would particularly emphasise the amount of the penalty for the offence — twenty pounds." Mr. Scanlon. "From an instruction class. Get someone to demonstrate and explain the various circuits on a blackboard. Warn them, educate them, show them what is wrong — and if that isn't successful, report them to the authorities." Mr. Geo. Collis. "The solution of the problem is to provide suitable instruction in wireless matters. I am confident that none of the persons who oscillated last week did so intentionally. In this particular case I believe the chief offender was totally ignorant of how to operate his set. The Radio Club are giving an open night in a few weeks' time, and at this meeting Mr. Watkins is going to give a lecture on modern tuning. If those persons who caused the trouble last week care to come along to this meeting they will derive considerable benefit." Mr. Cyril Monks. "There is nothing I can say with regard to the matter. The whole position is in the hands of the experimenters themselves." Mr. Rudolph Buring. "For the very bad ones — a frame aerial and a motor car. Some of them may be doing it on purpose; those that don't know better are casting suspicion on themselves." Mr. J. A. Cooper. "I will lend anybody who cares to take on the job of hunting down the offenders a serviceable loop. That, together with a motor car, will soon find them out. For the second offence a report to the authorities might do good.
The News notes that Watty is not presently transmitting regularly
   QUERIES ANSWERED. . . . "Reader" also asks for broadcasting times of 7AA. At present Mr. Watkins is not transmitting regularly, his transmissions being purely of an experimental nature. His times will be published in "The News."
Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club votes to invite all interested to next meeting to here Watty talk
   RADIO CLUB MEETS. Resolutions Passed. At the last meeting of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club it was decided that the demonstration of radio apparatus to be tendered to the Minister for Education (Mr. A. G. Ogilvie) would be left in the hands of the technical committee and secretary. Several new members were elected. In order that attention might be drawn to the unfairness of the regulation governing the zone system so far as Tasmania was concerned it was decided to forward a letter to the Comptroller of Wireless (Mr. J. Malone) pointing out that Tasmanian listeners are paying first-class rates for second-class broadcasting. A special meeting was called to meet the radio inspector, Mr. Martin, who is shortly to pay a visit to Tasmania. The date of this meeting will be announced later. A proposal to invite any persons interested in wireless to hear Mr. T. Watkins's lecture on modern tuning and Dr. McAulay's address on the theoretical aspect of the science was carried unanimously.
Watty's broadcast a complete success
   OUR AMATEUR BROADCASTER. 7AA on Music and Speech. Modulation — perfect. Articulation — perfect. That is the popular verdict on Mr. T. Watkins's transmissions from his experimental station, 7AA, at West Hobart, last week. Mr. Watkins, through his untiring energy and resourcefulness, has evolved a method of broadcasting all his own — and the experimenters of Tasmania are deeply indebted to him. Last week's transmissions were a vast improvement on anything 7AA has ever done. To that fact we have only to add that he was on exceptionally low power during the week — and it is apparent that something is afoot in "Watty's" little cabin in the west. J. Brooks, in Adelaide street, picked up 7AA so that his telephones rattled. He changed over to a more satisfactory headset, and the music could be heard 50 feet away. D. O'May (Bellerive), reported that with a loud talker phone attachment the music was audible 60 feet from the apparatus. During the evening Mr. Watkins called up Mr. Douglas Chesterman, of Sandy Bay, and announced that he had a letter for him. Mr. Chesterman was not at home, but the message was delivered over the land line to his father by Mr. F. W. Medhurst. A Curious Incident. Though the Western Electric loud talker which Mr. Medhurst was employing to pick up 7AA was many feet away from the telephone, Mr. Chesterman was able to hear Mr. Watkins's voice over the land line just as though he was speaking by phone from West Hobart.
Hutchins School Radio Club tunes in to Watty's broadcast
   HUTCHINS SCHOOL CLUB. A Great Success. The popularity of wireless in schools makes itself very evident in the case of Hutchins school, where a strong radio body has been in existence for some time. For some months this club was not at all active, but now, owing perhaps to new blood and the enthusiasm of Mr. Collis, the club is once more thriving and some excellent work is being done. The set installed is only a single valve apparatus but excellent results have been obtained, 7AA being picked up during the week very distinctly. According to a member of the club it was possible to hear Mr. Watkins talking in his cabin.

##### 1924 10

Watty certainly the source of the transmissions for the Medhurst demonstrations, Scanlon having recently left for Launceston
   HOBART DEMONSTRATIONS. It may be added, as Mr Jenner points out in his letter, that Hobart residents have been afforded opportunities of hearing wireless musical programmes. Messrs. Medhurst and Sons, Collins-street, have on several nights given such demonstrations, and that given last friday night was a success, the music having been transmitted from a local amateur station. On other occasions the success attained has not been so pronounced, and this is attributed in great degree to what may be termed "outside disturbances," as suggested by Mr. Jenner. Messrs. Medhurst and Sons are making arrangements whereby more successful demonstrations may be given, and probably, in certain circumstances, they will give a demonstration on the Hobart showground.
Watty in Launceston to investigate the Launceston Roar
   RADIO. (CONDUCTED BY "GRID LEAK.") . . . During this week, Mr. Trevor Watkins, of Hobart (7AA), has been a visitor to Launceston and had the pleasure of hearing for the first time the Launceston "roar." He paid a visit to several of the experimental stations here and spent practically the whole of one evening at one station amongst the "gear". The writer met Mr. Watkins for the first time and found him to be a very fine jovial little fellow, and what he does not know about wireless is not worth knowing.
Much fanfare in leadup to Watty's lecture on "Modern Tuning"
   OPEN MEETING. Tonight's Big Radio Event Lecture on Tuning by 7AA. To-night the Radio Experimenters' Club are holding an open meeting in the Lecture Hall at the University, when persons interested in wireless will have the opportunity of hearing for themselves a personal lecture by Mr. T. Watkins, the well-known amateur broadcaster, on the subject of modern tuning. The meeting is to commence at 8 o'clock and the evening's programme is to be a most interesting one, from the point of view of both the technical student and the casual listener-in. A number of novelties are included in the programme and it is understood that a surprise is going to be sprung upon the audience during the evening, the nature of which has not been disclosed for publication. All arrangements have been well carried out by the secretary of the club (Mr. Douglas Chesterman) and the committee. It is evident from the amount of interference which is being experienced that some further knowledge on tuning is urgently required. Amateur listeners should avail themselves of this opportunity of hearing a FREE LECTURE by one of Tasmania's most prominent electrical wizards.
Watty's lecture an apparent failure due to man-made noise
   HOBART RADIO CLUB. DEMONSTRATION AT UNIVERSITY. A VOICE THAT FAILED. Students and others interested in wireless operations attended in considerable numbers in the engineering lecture-hall at the Tasmanian University last evening to hear a lecture on broadcasting and tuning by Mr. Trevor Watkins, a well known radio operator and experimenter. The arrangement was that Mr. Watkins should deliver his lecture by wireless from his residence in Warwick-street but the attempt proved a failure. This having been attributed to atmospheric conditions, there being too much electricity in the air. The experts in the hall tried all they could to clear the clashing blurs or "roar" that came through the loud speaker, which in technical language means, trying to clear the static. Some of the lecturer's words came through loud and clear enough, but the "roar" did not permit of a single phrase being heard completely. Disjointed words only came out clearly and though more than one radio set was tried the effort had to be abandoned. Ex-Petty Officer Duffy, of the Royal Navy, interested those present with an address, with demonstrations (using a pile of flags), on the international code of signalling on ships, and was accorded hearty applause. Mr. Geo. Collis, chairman of the club, said the object of the lecture was to help members of the club and other experimenters (for the lecture was open to all) over broadcasting difficulties and to explain to them how to manipulate their apparatus, so as to get good results, but the atmospheric conditions, unfortunately, were against them. It was intended to have question nights in the hall and to have lectures open to all. The club was trying to put down the using of aerials without those who put them up having licences which was very unfair to those who were paying for broadcasting. The proceedings concluded by listening to some gramaphone records transmitted by wireless from Mr. Watkins's residence, but these were indifferently heard. Some persons in the hall were of opinion that the transmitting set was not strong enough to overcome the "roars."
Watty promotes Medhurst's receivers by distributing received audio around properties by telephone
   IN THE MIDLANDS. Success at Antill Ponds. Relayed Over Telephones. Land holders connected by telephone with the Antill Ponds Railway station received something in the nature of a surprise recently, when broadcast music from Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth was relayed over the telephone from Mr. A. W. Burbury's residence, Woodbury, where a big wireless set had been installed. The set, which was a Federal DX4, with an Amplion loud talker, was operated by Mr. T. Watkins, and the results which followed the first adjustment were remarkable, showing as they did the immense possibilities of wireless for the man on the land. The programme was as follows, in the order in which the various tuning adjustments were made:— At 3.15 p.m. Farmer's was picked up and kept for half an hour, clearly and distinctly. At 7 p.m., Dalgety's market report was heard. At 7.45 Farmer's was again heard, this time on a test, and at 8 o'clock the chimes of the Sydney town clock were received. The usual programme from 2FC was then picked up, and at 10 o'clock 2BL was tuned in. Four items from 2BL were picked up before the station closed down for the night. South Australia and Sydney Press were then listened to, and later Westralian Farmer's Ltd. from their studio in Perth.
Watty (West Hobart experimenter) rumoured to be behind a Class B station for Hobart
   BROADCASTING. Station for Hobart? A TRANSMITTER NAMED. A comprehensive broadcasting scheme is at present being launched in Hobart, according to advices received from prominent wireless enthusiasts. The name of a well-known West Hobart amateur transmitter has been mentioned in connection with the scheme, but enquiries failed to produce any definite information in this quarter. The station is to operate on 100 watts, which is approximately 10 times the power at present utilised for local transmissions, and will be classified as a "B" class broad-caster. This class of station is supported by local radio dealers, who naturally derive considerable benefit from a regular broadcasting service. It was suggested to a "News" representative yesterday that one of the cinema theatres had already been linked up to the proposed broadcasting station by special telephone line. The purpose of this arrangement was to broadcast the orchestra, which was a particularly fine one. A possible connection with the Theatre Royal was also hinted at, the idea being to transmit the theatrical performances throughout the island. Shakespeare by Wireless. As far as can be ascertained, the station will be ready for working at an early date. It is possible arrangements will have been finalised in time for the broadcasting of Allan Wilkie's Shakespearean plays early in November. If this is the case country people will be able to listen-in to the Wilkie performances with comparatively cheap installations, costing little more than the initial outlay of a few pounds. By a turn of the dial orchestral selections might be picked-up. A Question. Asked whether His Majesty's was the theatre under discussion, the manager (Mr. Cecil J. Shannon) remarked: "This is the first time I have heard of at." An announcement which recently appeared in one of His Majesty's programmes almost hinted at such a scheme as has been outlined, and referred to a "broadcasting novelty," "His Majesty's broadcasting installation," etc. Support from Attorney-General. The scheme is receiving the support of the Attorney-General (Mr. A. G. Ogilvie). Numerous letters have been received by the Secretary of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club from Mr. Ogilvie in which he has promised any assistance he is able to give in the matter. The Attorney-General is interested from the point of view, of an educational bene-fit to isolated State schools. He has personally attended the tests carried out in connection with his scheme for wireless in schools, and was present at the initial demonstration at the Landsdowne Crescent State school recently.
Watty, at the Hobart Show, mans the Medhurst exhibit and handles many enquiries in the morning then broadcasts from 7AA in the afternoon
   RADIO EXHIBITS. GREAT INTEREST CREATED. Possible Broadcasting. A great deal of public interest was aroused, especially in the case of country visitors, in the wireless exhibits displayed by Messrs. Medhurst and Sons, and the Auto-Electrical Equipment Co. During the morning Mr. T. Watkins, of Medhurst's received over 30 enquiries from would-be purchasers, and country people all expressed themselves as being keen to instal apparatus in their homes as soon as possible. It was made known to persons interested that news had just come to hand concerning the establishment of two "A" class broadcasting stations in Tasmania, which will enable listeners-in throughout the State to enjoy programmes transmitted from the leading Hobart theatres. A fine display of Federal apparatus, including small portable sets, were a feature of Messrs. Medhurst's exhibition. The Auto Electric Equipment Co. displayed Magnavox loudspeakers, valves and general wireless equipment. The delay in receiving apparatus from the mainland for exhibition at the Show, owing to the late arrival of the s.s. Kanna, detracted from the quality of the Auto Electric Company's show. In the afternoon a wireless concert was received by Messrs. Medhurst and Sons from West Hobart.
Watty actively participating in the Amateur vs Listener debate, on the side of the amateur
   RADIO NOTES. Conducted by Colin R. Chapman. Queries concerning the operation of radio apparatus will be answered either in these columns, or through the post. Where a personal reply is desired a stamped and addressed envelope should be forwarded. It is intended to publish each week a list of stations logged by various experimenters. Readers are asked to co-operate by sending along call signs and particulars of reception. EXPERIMENTER V. B.C.L. Violent Criticism on Both Sides Interesting Situation. The question of broadcasting, as considered from the points of view of the experimenter and the mere listener-in has been receiving considerable attention in the columns of a New Zealand contemporary. Recently the writer of radio notes in that particular journal forwarded a letter to "The News," expressing forcibly the feeling in the matter, according to him, of the majority of New Zealand radio people. The letter was subsequently published in these columns, along with a number of other New Zealand items, and a discussion was immediately aroused in Tasmanian radio circles. It was stated by our correspondent, who writes under the name of "Aerial," that the experimenter in New Zealand receives very short shrift. According to "Aerial," the man that is considered in the Dominion is the listener-in. He gave as a reason for this that the listeners-in are far in the majority, and therefore should be granted any privileges that happen to be about. "It is just as well," said "Aerial," "that your experimenter 7AA is in Tasmania, and not in New Zealand. Here he would not be tolerated." This morning Mr. Watkins made available for publication a letter which had been received by Mr. R. O'May, of Bellerive, from Mr. F. D. Bell, a prominent New Zealand radio man, to whom a copy of the letter had been despatched. A Stern Criticism. The letter read as follows:— "... Re that rot written by 'Aerial,' which you sent me, this fellow is always writing much like that, and has been making himself a thorough pest over here lately. . . . When he spills his notions in a foreign land like yours (!), purporting to speak for 'radions' (I hate that word) in New Zealand, he is going a bit too far. 'Aerial' owns a super heterodyne (imported), and what this set can't do isn't worth doing, according to him. He had KGO on a loop with it once, and it came out as a 'world's record' at great length in every paper that would publish it. Of course, many fellows here get KGO on a loop, but never bother to mention it. I think 3AA (Orbell) was the first, about 18 months or two years ago. He got the Yank B.C. stations KHJ and KPH, much lower powered than KGO. So much for 'Aerial.' " A World's Record. Mr. Bell, the writer of the letter quoted recently achieved for himself considerable fame in the radio world by establishing a world's record in amateur tests between America and New Zealand. A glowing tribute to his work was paid in a recent issue of the Melbourne "Argus." Some Correspondence. A typical example of the so-called '"feeling" is included in an extract from "Aerial's" radio notes, forwarded to "The News" at the beginning of last month. "A number of letters," says "Aerial," "are to hand commending the reference in my last notes to the interference caused by amateur transmission. Without exception, the writers are in favor of amateur transmission being prohibited during concert broadcasting hours. It is generally recognised that the interference is quite unintentional, though it is a serious matter for those who desire to enjoy the radio concerts. With regard to the above, "Ultra" (city) writes:— "Take an ambitious young amateur, for instance. He procures a bucketful of junk, assembles it with various crudities of his own, is able to raise row in the ether, and calls the equipment a transmitting set. He claims it is impossible to eliminate harmonics — result, we who pay our license fees, to enjoy broadcast concerts are compelled to tolerate all sorts of interference from the said amateur transmitters darktown outfit. Of course, no one can accuse the amateur of this type of being a radio engineer, but the question certainly arises: Can harmonics be eliminated? My reply is "Yes." Take, for example, the U.S.A. new army control station at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Although employing 10,000 watts input (at least a thousand times greater than many amateur transmitting stations in New Zealand), the Fort Leavenworth station radiates no harmonics that can be heard one mile from the station with a six-stage receiving amplifier! And yet we are to be pestered with these squib stations in our midst. No, they cannot eliminate harmonics with home-made junk, but they should shut down while others desire to enjoy concert broadcasting." Closer supervision by the New Zealand Government radio authorities may prove a solution of the problem without resorting to extremes." Spilt Ink. Here is a last word on the subject, which appeared in "Aerial's" latest contribution to New Zealand's wireless "literature": — "It will come as news to radions throughout New Zealand that an organisation has been formed in Christchurch under the high-sounding title of the Radio Institute of New Zealand, which aspires to represent the radio public of this country. As its full membership is confined to bona-fide experimenters, those who are perpetually fiddling with their circuits, and to those who have obtained a second-grade operator's certificate, the general body of listeners-in are not likely to clamor for membership. "A modest two guineas, is demanded for the yearly subscription. To add to the humor of the thing, a statement is published in connection with the said institute that "the proposals that are at present before the Government are in many cases right up against the amateur, and, taking them all round, not of any great benefit to listeners-in outside of Wellington. "From enquiries made, 'Aerial' is informed that the above allegation is absolutely without foundation, as events will prove. The Christchurch institute must seek other propaganda to draw membership, unless it wants to appear ridiculous."
Lightning storm takes out a condenser in Watty shack
   THUNDER AND LIGHTNING. Tuesday's Big Storm Damage to Apparatus. Last Tuesday's storm played havoc with wireless aerials, and the accompanying lightning "put the wind up" a number of listeners-in. It is not often that Hobart experiences fork lightning, but last Tuesday the air was full of it. As a result a number of stories are told of burnt aerials, damaged apparatus, and molten switch contacts. A Burnt Condenser. Mr. T. Watkins describes his experiences most vividly. He was striving to pick up an elusive signal when there came a spluttering hiss in the direction of a large condenser, and the next moment the celluloid separators exploded in a flash. For an instant "Watty" thought the end of the world had come, but he recovered sufficiently to douse the flames and open the door. The "shack" was filled with choking fumes which threatened to overcome the flustered experimenter. "I didn't stay in the shack any longer," said Mr. T. Watkins to "The News" representative. "I went down to the house and spent the rest of the evening reading a book."
Buring soon to be Hobart's second transmitter after Watty
   "ON THE AIR". Radio Notes from Here and There. Mr. Douglas Chesterman on Saturday evening last had excellent results from Messrs. Farmer and Co.'s Sydney station, 2FC. The programme included band items from the Wentworth Cafe, and vocal numbers, etc., from the studio. Mr. Chas. Oldham has also been having a good time with the broadcasters. He has been trying out numerous circuits with very satisfactory results. His experiments, however, were nipped in the bud during the weekend, when he was taken to hospital suffering from appendicitis. It is hoped that he will soon be wangling the rheostats once more. Mr. Rudolph Buring has applied for an experimental licence, which will enable him to get "on the air" along with 7AA. The preliminary examination is a pretty stiff one, but Rudolph is confident that it will have no terrors for him. Rudolph has been hard at it preparing for the University examinations in November.

##### 1924 11

Watty advises a listener that he has been operating a set illegally for months
   "ON THE AIR". Radio Notes from Here and There. Mr. Charles Oldham, who was taken to hospital last week to undergo an operation for appendicitis, is well on the mend. It is understood from a friend of the patient that a receiver is to be put up at the hospital to amuse C. O. during his convalescence. Reference made elsewhere in these notes to 7AA's reception from the German high-power station, POZ, recalls the strength of these signals. It was possible to hear the signals in any part of the garden where the radio cabin is situated — and that in daylight! Master Max. Philp is said to be having rather bad luck with his one-tube set, with which he recently picked up KGO. He has been relying on more elaborate sets (like C. Oldham's and D. Chesterman's) for his American jazz concerts. Rumor has it that a well-known Hobart experimenter is shortly to take up the position of instructor at the local military school of wireless. Some folk seem to be under the impression that no licence is required for apparatus operated with an indoor aerial. A young man recently got the shock of his life when he ascertained from Mr. T. Watkins, of Medhurst's, that he had been operating a set illegally for several months.
Watty's demonstration at the University not successful, but the lecture important enough to publish
   MODERN TUNING AND THE ART OF WIRELESS. Being the substance of a lecture delivered by Mr. T. Watkins at the last meeting of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club at the University. The Aerial. Mr. Watkins first dealt with the aerial. The best form of aerial for all round reception (said the lecturer) is the twin wire, but no advantage is gained from the use of two wires unless they are at least 6ft. apart. The insulators are most effective when placed on the end of the halyard, but one may be placed on the end of each aerial wire as well. Where possible the lead-in should be taken from one end as this gives a greater electrical length of aerial, thus if an aerial has two horizontal wires 100ft. long and a down lead 50ft long, the electrical length is 150ft., being measured from the free end of the aerial to the end of the down lead. When the lead-in is taken from the centre, then in calculating the electrical, length only that part of the top between the lead-in and one end is taken into account; thus in the case of the above aerial, if the lead-in were taken from the centre, the electrical length would a be 50ft. top, plus 50ft. down lead, equal 100ft. The L aerial is really more efficient than the T, but the T aerial is useful where it is impossible to take the lead-in from one end. Actually in calculating the electrical length the earth lead should be included; the purpose of limiting the aerial to 100ft. in England is to reduce the amount of radiation from an oscillating receiving set, but in this connection the earth lead is not taken into account. The lead-in should be kept clear of earthed objects, such as spouting, etc. A good lead-in tube which will not leak should be used. The free end of the aerial should be stayed by means of insulated rope to prevent swinging, as in windy weather the variation of capacity of the aerial caused by swinging will upset the tuning. For short wave reception more than two wires are a disadvantage, as the increase in capacity requires the use of smaller inductances in the aerial circuit and consequently the energy in the aerial cannot be transferred to the receiving set so effectively. In the case of a cage aerial four wires or more are used, fastened on hoops or crosses. This type of aerial, however, is only useful for transmitting. The reason for this is that it is the only form of aerial of more than two wires where the energy is equally distributed among the wires. Solder Connections. All connections in the lead-in should be soldered. Where the lead-in enters the building it should be connected to a lightning arrester, which should, if convenient, be placed outside, but if placed inside as close to the lead-in as possible. The earth lead to the lightning arrester should be short and heavy, No. 16 wire or heavier, as specified by the fire underwriters. A single pole double-throw switch should be used for disconnecting the aerial from the set and earthing it when the set is not in use. Wire to Use. The best wire to use in an aerial is stranded wire, as on account of its greater surface it offers less resistance to the high frequency currents which tend to flow on the surface. Insulated wire may be used, but there is no advantage in its use. In seaside towns enameled wire is helpful, as it prevents corrosion of the surface of the wire. A good earth is necessary — a water pipe forms an excellent earth. Connection to it should be made as near the mains as possible, as the joints in the pipes are made with white lead, etc., which introduces higher resistance and diminishes the efficiency of the earth. Another excellent form of earth is made by burying a large metal plate or tub in the ground in permanently damp soil. To this the earth lead should be well soldered. Tuning. Mr. Watkins then dealt with tuning arrangements. He explained wave length by a simple analogy. If a stone is thrown into a pond waves spread over from it. The wave length is the distance between the crests of two successive waves. To tune the aerial to respond to the signals sought for, inductance must be added to it, as ordinarily the inductance is not capable of fine adjustment. A coil is added larger than the one required, and a series condenser is used for bringing down the wave length of the aerial. This condenser is variable with a max. capacity of .001 mfd. (To be Continued).
Watty reported ill again
   "ON THE AIR". Radio Notes from Here and There. An example of the manner in which radio is spreading to the country areas — Mr. Rupert Watchorn's five-valve apparatus installed at his residence near Kempton. Those who organise picnics and have either the useful motor car or the motor cycle and sidecar will do well to remember to leave a space for their radio receiver. The small amount of trouble that the slinging of an aerial between the trees or on simple supports provided by convenient erections represents will be amply repaid. Owing to pressure of examination work, Mr. Rudolph Buring is not working his set this year. With the advent of 1925, however, he hopes to be "on the air." Mr. T. Watkins, of West Hobart, has been ill again, this time the result of something approaching sunstroke. On the sick list also is Mr. Chas. Oldham who is now convalescent after an operation for appendicitis.
Watty signals his intention to take out a B class licence
   7AA HOBART. If QSL cards are an indication of quality, then Mr Trevor Watkins' transmissions from his experimental station, 7AA, at West Hobart, must be of a very high order of merit indeed. 7AA has received cards from all over Australia and New Zealand, and the esteem in which he is held amongst Tasmanian listeners-in is remarkable. It is Mr Watkins' intention to shortly take out a "B" class broadcasting license, so that he can more fully get into his stride. Meanwhile banjo solos, lectures, and gramophone records are transmitted, and listeners-in declare the modulation and articulation to be perfect.
7AA still looking for a contact with England
   TASMANIAN EFFORTS. 7AA's Experiments. Tasmania so far seems to be a little out of the running so far as these world tests are concerned; but nevertheless a number of keen enthusiasts have been hard at work during the past few months endeavoring to "get through." All eyes have been steadfastly watching Mr. T. Watkins, of West Hobart, who has already made a name for himself in wireless circles for transmissions on low power and long distance reception. On Friday morning, October 25, Mr. Watkins heard strange signals between five and six a.m., which he was confident emanated from the United Kingdom. Since that time he has worked hard to get something in the way of more material results. Success Means Late Hours. Since the most satisfactory period for tests between England and Australia is in the early hours of the morning, the enthusiastic participant must rise with the sun, or before, in order to get results. This, of course, entails considerable fatigue, but when it is remembered that thousands of enthusiasts spend their nights testing apparatus prior to the early morning "listen in," it will be realised that taking part in the tests is certainly not all "beer and skittles."

##### 1924 12

Advertisement for Medhurst's features Watty as radio department superviser
   RADIO. The advent of a HIGH POWER BROAD-CASTING STATION in Hobart makes it possible for everyone to listen-in to Radio Concerts, using inexpensive sets. Our Radio Department is supervised by Mr. T. Watkins (7AA), who has been associated with Tasmanian experimental wireless for a number of years. At all times the services of Mr. Watkins and a competent staff will be available for our clients. Our policy will be to supply only thoroughly tested apparatus of the highest efficiency. CRYSTAL SETS, ready to listen in, from £2. VALVE SETS, capable of bringing in Mainland Concerts in addition to local broadcasting, from £8. MEDHURST'S For Everything Electrical. 95 Collins-street, HOBART. 14 Quadrant, LAUNCESTON.
7AA promoted as an alternative to the new 7ZL A Class station for Hobart
   "ON THE AIR". Transmission from West Hobart. Listeners-in who have purchased small receiving sets would do well to tune in to Mr. T. Watkins's experimental broadcast from his station, 7AA, at West Hobart. Owing to business engagements Mr. Watkins is unable to work on a regular timetable, but almost every night of the week his voice can be heard "across the air." Every Saturday night Mr. Watkins makes a point of conducting telephony tests from 8 o'clock onwards. The programmes transmitted by this station are well worth listening to and should be an excellent alternative to tuning in to the local "A" class broadcaster, 7ZL.
Watty defends the failed first night's operation by 7ZL stating it was essentially a test
   BROADCASTING. 7ZL INAUGURATES TAS. SERVICE. First Concert Unsuccessful. Last night there were hundreds of persons eagerly awaiting the long-looked-for concert from the newly established radio broadcasting station in Hobart, but there was disappointment as the hours drew on, and no signal penetrated the ether. It was a mistake to boost the new station before tests had actually been carried out, for it has always been the case, in the inauguration of a broadcasting service, that many small difficulties have had to be overcome before the service has been at all satisfactory. The Melbourne station, 3LO, has been in operation over two months, and even now the transmissions are by no means of a high standard. Messrs. Farmer and Co.'s station, 2FC, also began its broadcasting service disastrously, while 2BL was many weeks before the present standard was attained. It must have been a severe blow to the Tasmanian representative of the Associated Radio Co. when unfavorable reports of reception began to come in last night. It was no less a severe blow to the hundreds of listener-in who had gone to considerable expense to purchase receiving sets solely for the purpose of hearing the first programme. Cause of the Trouble. When spoken to on the subject of last night's transmissions, many leading wireless experimenters this morning expressed themselves very strongly, the general opinion appearing to be that preliminary tests should have been carried out before the official opening of the station was advertised in the press. The trouble seems to have resolved itself into three main factors, namely:— (a) The wave was not constant. (b) There was considerable A.C. (alternating current "hum." (c) The din of the generator was deafening. It has also been stated by listeners-in that the carrier was poor, radiation weak, and tuning in the station was extremely critical. One experimenter stated that there was a bad "harmonic" on 2FC, the Sydney station. Mr. T. Watkins is of the opinion that last night's programme, being in the nature of a test, was hardly an indication of the poor standard of future transmissions. "For one thing," said Mr. Watkins to "The News" today, "the station was only transmitting on about 34.5 watts, whereas it was originally intended to commence operations on 350 watts, and later go up to 3 kilowatts. "The real test of 7ZL," concluded Mr. Watkins, "will be tonight. The company will have had sufficient time to erect a counterpoise — which was largely responsible for the wave length trouble last evening, and to rectify any other faults reported." Experimental Broadcast. There are two things in reports of the proceedings last evening which can hardly escape comment. One is that the programme transmitted was the first to be broadcast in Tasmania, and the other that there is no need for striking costumes for the participants in a wireless concert. It is common knowledge, of course, that a public demonstration of radio was given at the City Hall some time ago and also in the Sandy Bay rowing shed. For both these occasions elaborate arrangements were made by the Wireless Institute, and a considerable amount of money expended. The broadcasting itself, it will be remembered was performed by Mr. T. Watkins, and though the demonstrations were not a marked success, the transmissions from Mr. Watkins's experimental station at West Hobart were well up to the standard of many first-class broadcasting stations. The other statement concerning the clothing of artists taking part in wireless concerts is not born out by facts, for it has been found in the case of big mainland stations and in America and England that without appropriate dress the performers find it difficult to acquit themselves with the necessary spirit. This probably will be found to be the case in Hobart. Best Wishes. Everyone will join with us in wishing the new station all the success it deserves for the enterprise shown on the part of the Associated Radio Co. in establishing a station in Tasmania. This evening there will be a host of listener-in awaiting the second concert of the season, and if the company's Hobart station lives up to the reputation of its Melbourne plant there will certainly be no call for complaint. Screened by Post Office. Residents of South Hobart who listened-in last night stated today that the broadcast from 7ZL was almost inaudible over a wide area towards Mount Wellington. It is believed that the Post Office tower, being directly in a line with "The Mercury" building, caused what is known as "screening," and damps the waves sent out from the aerial.
7AA heard on a portable set at Keen's Curry Hill
   Radio Notes. EXPERIMENTS ON THE RECEPTION OF 7ZL. PORTABLE SET EXPERIMENTS. During the weekend I carried out some experiments with a little portable set, using a Wecovalve and two variable condensers. Keen's Curry hill looked very high, so it was decided that the top of it would suit, and a length of rubber covered copper wire was therefore secured for an aerial. There were two of us on the job, and we found no trouble in carrying the set. Arrived at the top of the hill we slung the aerial wire over two trees, connected up with the wire fence in the immediate vicinity, and listened in. This was Saturday afternoon, and there was not much doing in the way of telephony, but we succeeded in logging 7AA's gramophone selections very well. The chief difficulty was to get the set to oscillate on the short waves, but reception was improved greatly by running a length of enamel covered wire along the ground directly under the aerial, and using this as an earth or counterpoise. The fence was not bad, but the wire was better. The "joeys" came in very strongly at times, and we were disappointed in the hope that 7ZL would be going. On Sunday, another excursion was made, and the same aerial used, together with another set, using a UV200 valve, three condensers, and a 6 volt accumulator. At 3 o'clock 7ZL came on the air using a gramophone, and the strength of the signals was good, and the music clear without the use of reaction. All the items were heard, including the signing off at 4 p.m. Attempts were made to get code signals on long wave, and so a pair of 21,000 metre coils were fitted, and if the set was kept just oscillating the long wave signals came in very loudly. All this reception of concerts out in the bush is not anything very marvellous, nor is it unique, but it shows us that a set may be taken away for the holidays, and with but a poor aerial used quite effectively on broadcast reception. As the Christmas days of vacation draw near, most of us begin to think of what we are going to do, and the man who is going to take his car away could not do better than take a radio set with him. A camp may be livened up considerably at night by a loud speaker and a three or four valve set, and the filament current for the valves can be obtained from the starting battery of the car. The aerial problem is not very great, and 150ft. of lighting wire temporarily slung between two trees will give excellent results.
7AA provides live music broadcasts, clearly competing with 7ZL
   LISTEN TO 7AA. CONCERT ON SATURDAY NIGHT. City Organist to Broadcast. On Saturday night next there will be broadcast from Mr. T. Watkins' experimental radio station at West Hobart a delightful wireless concert for the benefit of Tasmanian listeners-in. The programme will include several pianoforte renderings by Mr. J. Scott Power, city organist, who has consented to lend his services for the evening in the interests of wireless. There will also be given a number of songs by Mr. Reid, who is stated to have a remarkable fine "radio voice." Preparations, for the concert are al-ready well in hand, and a landline having been laid from the broadcasting cabin to Mr. Reid's residence, a short distance away, where the "studio" will be located. Preliminary tests have shown that the standard of transmissions from 7AA have been well up to the standard of first-class broadcasting station. Everything possible has been done to make the entertainment a satisfactory one, and listeners-in are promised a very enjoyable evening. The wave is 250 metres.

#### 1925
##### 1925 01

Further detail of the proposed Sat 3 Jan broadcast, clear comparisons drawn against 7ZL
   AMATEUR BROADCASTING. GOOD PROGRAMME. On Saturday night Mr. T. Watkins, of Warwick-street, will broadcast a very attractive programme from his efficient little station. The programme is to be obtained by land line telephone, and to consist of instrumental items by well-known musicians. Mr. J. Scott Power, the City Organist, will render some pianoforte solos. The remainder of the items will be violin solos, recitations, songs, and general vocal features. The power to be used is somewhere in the vicinity of five watts, and as Mr. Watkins is a master hand at operating, the music ought to come through as well as 7ZL's. Operations begin at 8 o'clock, and the wavelength to be used is 250 metres. Mr. Watkins will be glad of reports on the reception. The call sign of his station is 7AA.
7AA progresses to listing of programmes in local newspaper
   LISTEN-IN. To-night's Programme. The following programme will be broadcasted from Mr. H. (sic) Watkins's wireless station tonight:— Waltz in E minor (Chopin), J. Scott Power; "A Breath of Spring" (Giffard), Mrs. Frank Rogers; piano duet, "Russia" (Moskowski), Miss Joan Scott Power and Mr. J. Scott Power; vocal duet, "Nocturne" (Denza), Miss Dulce Cross, Mrs. F. Rogers; song, "Only Once More" (Denza), Mr. E. H. Reid; piano, "Evening Whispers" (Palm-gren), Mr. J. Scott Power; song, "Dream Boat" (Novello), Mrs. F. Rogers; piano duet, "Spain" (Moskowski), Miss Joan Scott Power, Mr. J. Scott Power; humorous recitation, "A Soldier's Story" (Pleon), Mr. E. H. Reid; song, "The Bandeliero" (Stuart), Mr. E. H. Reid; song, "Until" (Sanderson), Miss Dulce Cross. All accompaniments will be by Mr. J. Scott Power.
As previous, report of the successful broadcast from 7AA
   Radio Notes. . . . AMATEUR TRANSMISSIONS. (By "Anode.") . . . 7AA ON THE AIR. Mr. Watkins, of station 7AA, came on the air last saturday night and presented a very fine programme, on which were some noted performers. The transmission was very good, being a clarion of the skill of the operator. The music was relayed by land line to his residence in West Hobart, and was transmitted therefrom on about 5 watts power and with a wave length of 250 metres. Several listeners reported good reception, among whom were Messrs. Clark, Cole, and Abbot, all in outlying parts of the city. Eleven items were broadcast as follows:— Waltz in E minor (Chopin), Mr. J. Scott-Power; "A Breath of Spring" (Giffard), Mrs. Frank Rogers; piano duet, "Russia"' (Moskowski), Miss Joan Scott-Power and Mr. J. Scott-Power; vocal duet, "Nocturne" (Denza), Miss Dulce Cross and Mrs. F. Rogers; song "Only Once More" (Denza), Mrs. E. H. Reid; piano, "Evening Whisp-ers" (Palmgren), Mr. J. Scott-Power; song, "Dream Boat" (Novello), Mrs. F. Rogers; piano duet "Spain" (Moskow-ski), Miss Joan Scott-Power and Mr. J. Scott-Power; humorous recitation, "A Soldier's Story" (Pleon), Mr. E. H. Reid; song, "The Bandolero" (Stuart), Mr. E. H. Reid; song, "Until" (Sanderson), Miss Dulce Cross. All accompaniments were by Mr. J. Scott-Power.
A repeat performance by 7AA
   BROADCASTING BY 7AA. Mr. Watkins Tonight. Encouraged by many favorable reports received from listeners-in to the concert given about a fortnight ago, Mr. Trevor Watkins has decided to accede to numerous requests, and will broadcast again this evening. The concert, which includes vocal and instrumental numbers, will commence at 8 o'clock, and Mr. J. Scott-Power (City Organist) has the arrangement of the programme, which will be rendered from the residence of Mr. E. H. Reid, "Miramar," Patrick street, Hobart, whose son, a late addition to the ranks of enthusiasts assisting Mr. Watkins. The wave length will be 250 metres.
7AA broadcasts compare favourably to 7ZL
   Radio Notes. Criticism of 7ZL. . . . (By "Anode.") I have received a letter from a correspondent signing himself "Amateur," commencing in this way:— "The local broadcasting station 7ZL commenced operations before Christmas and although the station has thus had time for improvement the transmission is still very poor." This is to some extent true, though where "Amateur" gets the justification for using the word poor in reference to the transmission I fail to see. The programmes are not all that might be expected, but the Associated Radio Co. have not the large field from which to choose its artists that 2FC has. If "Amateur" cannot get results on his set I advise him to get someone to show him how to use it or else to rebuild it for him. Other reports that have been received indicate good reception in nearly every corner of the State. "Amateur" goes on: "One night last week I listened-in to the local broadcasting station at Hobart until 10 p.m. after which I listened to Mr. T. Watkins's amateur station 7AA. Comparing the two, 7ZL came in slightly stronger than 7AA, but its modulation was distinctly inferior to that of the latter station." I wonder if "Amateur" knows what modulation is, as the statements that the station 7ZL was louder and then that its modulation was not so good are distinctly contradictory. Perhaps he means clarity of reproduction. To resume the quotation from "Amateur's" letter:— "The power of the broadcasting station was published in 'The Mercury' as 200 watts. The power of 7AA is very low — less than five watts I understand." Both these statements are correct, but I would advise him to try some other coils in case he is receiving 7ZL on one of his weakest harmonics. Again, "Amateur" says:— "The transmission from 8 till 10 p.m. is supposed to be the musical part of the programme, yet last Monday night 7ZL repeated the weather and market reports three times between 8 and 10 p.m. Last Wednesday night the station again commenced its 8 o'clock programme by repeating the weather report and news items transmitted earlier in the evening and by 8.40 p.m. only these and three musical items had been broadcasted." The reports were repeated by special request by telephone and as a matter of fact came in very well for me, as I had not heard the first half of the session, as I expect was the case with many others. "Amateur" seems to look at the position from a rather selfish point of view. Perhaps he will change his views when he misses the first part of the programme. Finally he says:— "Also 7ZL seems invariably to be late commencing the programme, and at times when the transmission consists of gramophone items it is hard to account for the long intervals that often occur between items." Admittedly the items are sometimes slow in following one another, and this is because one man has to look after both the transmitter and the programmes and as the operating room is over the studio the poor operator has to run up and down the stairs after every item. If "Amateur" is only patient he will doubtless find that many of the things he complains about will be rectified. He must remember that the Tasmanian station has not long been established.
7AA's broadcast of Tuesday 20 Jan 1925 very well received
   BROADCASTING BY 7AA. Mr. Trevor Watkins's Success. The broadcasting programme last Tuesday evening by Mr. Trevor Watkins, 7AA, assisted by Mr. E. Reid, jun., was an unqualified success, and during its rendition phone messages were received from Lindisfarne, Bellerive, Sandy Bay, West Hobart, New Town, and South Hobart saying that it was being received "the best ever." "Listeners-in" are indebted to these two enthusiastic "radio men," also to the following artists who provided the programme, which was rendered from "Miramar," Patrick street, Hobart, the residence of Mr. E. H. Reid:— Mrs. Frank Rogers (vocal), Miss D. Cross (vocal), Messrs. J. Scott Power (piano), F. Heraud (vocal), F. Rogers (violin), E. H. Reid (vocal). Mr. J. Scott Power accompanied all the items, besides rendering two pianoforte solos, in his usual masterly manner.
Watty again reported ill
   "ON THE AIR". Radio Notes from Here and There. . . . "Watty" Ill. During the past week the well-known Hobart experimental station 7AA has been strangely quiet. Listeners-in who have been enjoying the excellent concerts transmitted by the station have greatly missed the familiar "carrier" and Mr. Scott Power's delightful pianoforte renderings. His radio friends will be sorry to learn that Mr. Watkins, operator of 7AA, has been undergoing a severe illess — the result of too many early morning vigils. Everyone will join in wishing "Watty" a speedy recovery.
Watty proposes to rebroadcast an overseas station on 7AA, which appears would be a first for Australia
   LISTEN TO U.S.A. RETRANSMITTING AMERICAN BROADCAST. From West Hobart. For the first time in the wireless history of Australia, listeners-in in Tasmania will shortly have the opportunity of hearing American dance orchestras and operas, received from Pittsburg, U.S.A., by Mr. Watkins, West Hobart, and retransmitted simultaneously from the same station. After the remarkable results obtained on Tuesday night in connection with the special series of American tests arranged by the Melbourne "Herald" in conjunction with the Westinghouse Company from Station KDKA, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, it has occurred to Mr. Watkins that the signal strength of the Pittsburgh broadcasting station is such that the broadcast might easily be retransmitted so that Tasmanian listeners-in possessing sets costing no more than a few pounds could listen-in to America. The experiment will probably be carried out within the next few weeks, and if successful will make it possible for people in Tasmania to sit in their homes between six and eight o'clock each night and hear the latest opera music, etc., broadcasted from the leading theatres of America.
Watty one of the earliest to receive KDKA on shortwave in Australia and Tasmania
   BROADCASTING TESTS. AMERICAN KDKA RECEIVED IN TASMANIA. During the past week broadcasting tests have been conducted between the American broadcasting station KDKA, Easternberg, Pennsylvania, USA, and amateurs in Australia, and these tests have been received in Tasmania by Mr. T. Watkins, amateur station 7AA. The wave length used is one of as yet undeveloped short waves, such as were used for the famous beam tests between England and Australia conducted by Senator Marconi. These broadcasting tests are important, though they are by no means the first that have been heard in Australia, as the station KGO is often received with good clarity in Tasmania, but as the strength of the signals from KDKA is very great and the clarity wonderful the tests open up great possibilities for the short waves. On the night of Tuesday at 8 o'clock 7AA picked up KDKA on a wave length of 63 metres, and held the signals until the station closed down. A low loss receiver was used for all the tests, and the strength of the signals was reported to be about 173. With the phones not a single word of the transmission was lost, and when a loudspeaker was connected the music and speech were clearly audible. The set used employed a detector and two stages of audio frequency. Wednesday night was a bad night owing to local wind and rain, and the tuning was so sharp that even the slightest sway of the aerial was enough to throw the set out of adjustment; however reception was fairly good on the 90 foot single wire aerial that was used, the strength of the signal being about 145. Towards the end of the transmission the swaying of the aerial grew so bad that a loop aerial was tried for half an hour and the following items were received: "Yankee Doodle" and "Land of Hope and Glory." The loop aerial used comprised of four turns of No. 18 wire on a four foot frame. On the whole, the signals were not so good on Wednesday, as on the preceding, or the succeeding night, but they were quite audible throughout. Thursday night was good, and in between the items the generator hum was heard. The news item that night consisted of a record snowstorm that had occurred in New England, 10,000 men being needed to clear the snow from the streets of the city. An 80-word code test on continuous wave was transmitted so that verification could be given of reception in Australia, and it took the form of a passage from a local newspaper. The whole of this code message was copied, and was about a gaoler who had entered a woman's ward and been assaulted with jelly and molasses, the gaolers' name being Lamb. KDKA also announced that he was using one of his seven sets, and that the tests would be carried on till tonight. J. C. MacMillan (ex 7BP) and R. O'May are also reported to have received this station, but data is not available.

##### 1925 02

Comprehensive report on Tasmanian reception of KDKA shortwave tests, almost a full transcription of Watty's log in Hobart News
   WHEN PITTSBURG SPOKE TO HOBART. LONG DISTANCE WIRELESS. Communication With KDKA. LAST WEEK'S TESTS SUCCESSFUL. (By "Amplex") One more link has been forged in the filial relationship which is beginning to exist between the people of the American nation and the people of Australia. Closer, ever closer, the two continents are being drawn together by the magic of radio. And it remained for last week's series of tests from the big American broadcasting station, KDKA, to strengthen the tie between Uncle Sam and his Australian nephews. Now that the summer tests with KDKA are practically concluded, it is gratifying to be able to say that out of all the States of the Commonwealth, Tasmania achieved the greatest results, not only in signal strength, but in perfect all-round reception. And it is to the credit of our radio men that, with apparatus which they assembled themselves, they were able to outshine the proud possessors of five and six valve sets, purchased complete from the retailer. It was generally conceded that as the summer months drew on reception from America would rapidly become impossible, owing to static interference between the two continents. To a certain extent this surmise proved to be correct, for the General Electric Company's station, KGO, has been seldom picked up since the beginning of November. The tests which were carried out last week were arranged by the Melbourne "Herald," the proprietors of which have shown a keen and enterprising interest in wireless affairs. Preliminary tests were carried out on Monday night last, and reports of part reception appeared in the following morning's newspapers in Melbourne. The First Test. According to the Melbourne "Sun Pictorial," Mr. H. W. B. Bowers, of 153 Derby street, Kew, picked up a message from KDKA just as the first test was concluding. The message read: "Just stand by for a minute while we conclude our test." At 9 p.m. Mr. Bowers picked up a very strong carrier and heard what appeared to be orchestral or band music. Now, the strange thing about this report is that Mr. Bowers stated he picked up the American station on 30 metres, whereas the actual wave of KDKA is 63 metres. Far better results than these, however, were obtained by our own well-known Hobart experimenter, 7BP (Mr. Macmillan), who succeeded in logging the American station over a period of three-quarters of an hour. The programme as received by Mr. Macmillan was as follows:— Tuning-in at 8.20 p.m., Mr. Macmillan first heard a number of messages from America, care of Melbourne "Herald." This was followed by an orchestral item, then more messages care of the Melbourne "Herald." Other items heard were an orchestral item, "Saxophonius." Messages to Mrs. Summit, 19 Henry street, Melbourne, saying "Greetings from your relatives from your nephew T. W. Horne," further orchestral item, and the messages repeated to Mrs. Summit. Before the test concluded this was heard on code: "KDKA calling the Melbourne 'Herald.' " The statement: "This telegraphy is on reduced power," was also heard, and next some newspaper copy was read from the local paper. The Second Test. On Tuesday night the official test was carried out, which lasted from 8 o'clock till 9. During that time Mr. Watkins worked the American station constantly, without missing a single item of the test. On this second night Mr. Macmillan also copied the American station, though not so fully as on the previous night. The only other listener-in to pick up KDK A was Mr. R. O'May, who held the American station, for about ten minutes. The log which 7AA took is one of the most interesting documents in the radio history of Tasmania. In it one can detect the master hand of this accomplished operator as he transcribed the messages which he so magically received across 7000 miles of land and sea. The following, are some extracts from the messages entered up in the course of the test:— "8.1 p.m.— KDKA calling Melbourne, Australia. Test -pieces, saxaphone and piano. . . . Broadcasting in conjunction with the Melbourne 'Herald.' . . . Four inches of snow fell here this morning. . . . One moment, please... . . KDKA here. This test is unique in the history of America. It is almost unbelievable that the human voice can penetrate to Australia. . . . Have received a letter from Frank B. Lyons, New South Wales, reading 'Voice heard here wonderfully,' . . . This is a great thing for Australia and America. Both countries have common ideals, and at last the barriers between us have been broken down." (Letters were here read from various correspondents, some Australian and some American.) " . . . This is an unbreakable bond between us. . . Best wishes to you all. Mr. Frank James, of KDKA, Eastern Pennsylvania, now speaking. We take pleasure in the fact that this is the forerunner of a closer relationship between America and Australia . . . We will now put on a test piece. (Gramophone selection. Slight generator hum at this point; surging a little.) . ... Before signing off on telegraph. I will read you a report from Australia, received from Mr. D. W. Rowe. . . . We will now change over to telegraph on one of KDKA'S seven different sets . . . . " The following message was then received on code:— "Extract from local paper, When Homer Lamb, chief trustee at the county gaol, went into the women's ward this morning he was attacked by six women inmates, and his face covered with molasses and jelly. Lamb beat a hasty retreat. The women said he called them names. Lamb declared he was attacked because he refused to carry notes to friends outside the prison." The test concluded with the message, "Will see you at 5 a.m., Eastern time, tomorrow. That's 8 p.m., your time." At 9 p.m. sharp the station closed down. The Third Test. On Wednesday evening, the 28th. a further test was carried out between KDKA and Australia. The progress of the test is recorded once again in Mr. Watkins' log. The first entry is made at two minutes past eight. "Station KDKA here. This was followed by a band item, "Land of Hope and Glory." "8.9 p.m. Band again (clear and loud). . . Tenor solo. . . "Land of Hope and Glory" once again (this was beautiful) . . ." At this point Mr. Watkins. changed to a four-loop aerial, on account of the rain and wind, which was interfering with his out-door equipment. "8.40. Band again —- 'Yankee Doodle.' Sacred piece and several other items by band . . . (Note: These band pieces were O.K. All outside aerials were earthed)." At 8.40 Mr. Watkins closed down on account of local interference. Fourth Test, Thursday. "Could not listen until 8.25 p.m., 8.30. . . . Music on 63 metres (gramophone). . . (News items.) . . . One of the worst floods ever experienced in New England. 22 degrees below zero . . ' New York, January 29, 25,000-mile flight across the North Pole. . . . If you are receiving our messages out there in Australia, please let us know. . . (This fairly roared) . . . Well, that concludes our programme. (Station signed off 8.53. Carrier could be heard up to 9 o'clock. Generator ripples audible. There was also somebody on KDKA'S wave, but too faint to hear call-signs.)
Hobart News reflects the excitement of the KDKA shortwave reception in Hobart
   KDKA. Pioneers in Long-distance Wireless. Pittsburg to Hobart. All Australia and all America are talking about the great broadcasting achievement of the Westinghouse Company's station KDKA, Pittsburg, U.S.A., which has been conducting a series of highly successful tests with the Commonwealth in conjunction with the Melbourne "Herald." It is gratifying to know that Tasmanian experimenters ranked high among those who picked up the American station, reception in every case being almost word perfect. Perhaps the three most notable Tasmanian successes were those achieved by Messrs. T. Watkins, R. O'May and J. Macmillan, of Hobart. Other Hobart radio men to pick up the Americans were Messrs. Jack Brooks and W. Smith, of South Hobart. It is understood that several other persons were able to log KDKA, though no further reports have been received at this office. Altogether the success of the experiment has been very gratifying, and is a great improvement on the previous trans-ocean transmissions from station KGO (California). Truly astonishing results were obtained in several instances by Australian radio fans, certain listeners-in being hardly able to believe their ears when the music and speech came in so easily. (Start Photo Caption) This is the KDKA aerial on the roof of the factory at Pittsburgh, which sent the wireless voice to Australia. It is a rigid perpendicular copper tube 100 feet high. (End Photo Caption)
Photo of Watty to celebrate his 2nd reception of KDKA SW
   (Start Photo Caption) MR. T. WATKINS, Owner-Operator of Station 7AA, West Hobart. (End Photo Caption)
Watty getting over-excited about 3BQ's first telephony contact with Melbourne
   TALK TO ENGLAND. Two-Way Telephony Possible. Tasmanian Successes. "Two-way telephony between England and Australia, and not only that, but radio vision as well, will be possible within the next five years. I foresee the time when it will be possible to sit back in our homes in Tasmania and hear the King's voice from England. And if there is another Empire Exhibition, it is quite conceivable that we shall be able to see it simultaneously on our radio screens in Tasmania." This was the prophesy made by Mr. T. Watkins, the well-known Tasmanian experimenter, in an interview with "The News" this morning. He said that the use of short waves had made it possible to 'phone to America, and now Mr. Max Howden, of Melbourne, had got his voice through to England. Mr. Watkins has himself been in touch with five English amateur transmitters including Mr. E. J. Simmonds, the English-man with whom Mr. Howden has been speaking. On one occasion he heard Mr. Simmonds working another English amateur, and though Mr. Simmonds was transmitting at an incredibly high speed on account of the proximity of the other station, it was possible to copy every word that was being sent. Short Waves. Speaking of the possibilities of wireless telephony, Mr. Watkins said that he had himself heard Mr. Howden's spoken message to England, and was surprised at the clearness and strength of the transmission. He believed that with the further use of short waves it would be possible to maintain a constant wireless telephone service with Europe. "I have just had word," added Mr. Watkins, "that an entirely different system of wireless communication is being put into practice, particulars of which are not to be made public just yet. This system will ensure the perfect secretiveness of wireless messages, which has hitherto been impossible. "I have reason to believe, too," concluded Mr. Watkins, "that this new system will make it possible to transmit electrical energy without wires." Mr. Watkins is expecting further information on the subject from a private source within the space of a few weeks. (Start Photo Caption) Mr MAX HOWDEN who 'phoned to England last week. (End Photo Caption)
Launceston Daily Telegraph reports that Watty again ill
   7 AA. I have heard that the popular Hobart experimenter, Mr Trevor Watkins (7AA) is not enjoying the best of health. "Trevor" is a keen sticker to wireless, and I have heard that he often sleeps on the floor of his "shack" when sitting up late trying to wrench some weak signal from the ether.

##### 1925 03

Watty advised of a record distance in communicating with NKF in lead up to visit of USA Fleet
   VISIT OF U.S. FLEET. Important Experiments With Oscillating Crystal. Next July promises to be an eventful month for Australian wireless enthusiasts. A specially appointed war vessel, equipped with the very latest in radio appliances, will visit our waters, and during the whole time of the visit will carry out tests of the utmost importance. The most important aspect of the vessel's visit to Australia will be the opportunity thus afforded Australian experimenters of hearing at close range the latest development of wireless in America, the crystal controlled master oscillator. There appeared in these columns recently a report of reception from the American station, NKF, announcing forthcoming tests with the new oscillator. During the past few months this station has been busily engaged in carrying out similar tests with different parts of the world and the results have been generally highly satisfactory. Projected Programme. The following circular has been received from the U.S. naval research laboratory, Bellevue, Anacostia, U.S.A., by Mr. T. Watkins, regarding future arrangements:— "All regular test schedules from NKF will be temporarily suspended. NKF will be on the air until 2 a.m. handling traffic with London, San Francisco (NPG), Balboa (NBA), San Diego (NPL), and Pearl Harbor (NPM) on 71.5 metres. "Special tests may be arranged on request to NKF, before 8 p.m. or after 2 a.m. "New schedules will be started before long on a different set of wavelengths. "It has been perhaps the best set for getting signals into South America, but we have had very few, if any, reports from New Zealand on the 54 metre wave. It do not know if this is because our correspondents have not tuned their receivers down to this wave, or whether it is an inherently bad wave for your direction. "We generally state what wave we are using at the beginning of each transmission and we are very careful to be very accurate about this," the letter concludes. Reports Appreciated. Writing to Mr. Watkins, the superintendent of NKF (Mr. N. Hyatt Taylor), says: "Your report on our signals which you forwarded to American 2KU, reached us today. The detailed information in your letter is of the greatest value to us, and we wish to express our appreciation for your kindness in forwarding it. About the time you heard this station, we were using a fairly high-powered set, putting about 4 kw. in the antenna; since then we have had it up to 9 Kw., but normally it puts 6 kw. in the antenna. This set is now operating on 71.5 metres. "We shall be very glad indeed to get any further reports you are able to make on our transmissions. As I understand it, this is your season for maximum strays or static, whereas it is our minimum season. Please inform me if this is true, and also during what months of the year you hear the greatest number of American stations, and particularly as to how our signals come through from time to time, as you are able to make observations. "You will be interested to know that the 54.3 meter set has been converted into a crystal controlled set on 54.7 metres, and will be sent to the Pacific fleet; it is expected that it will go with a portion of the battle fleet to New Zealand and Australia. During this trip it will be available for work with amateurs at practically all times. It is sincerely hoped that a representative of the American Radio Relay League (who is also a naval reserve officer) will make the trip in charge of the set. THIRTY-TWO METRES. NKF's New Transmitter. A high-powered set to operate on 32 metres is at present being installed by the Naval Research Laboratory of the U.S. Government, according to a communication received by Mr. Watkins last week. It is hoped to have the set in working order this month. "We have another crystal-controlled transmitter," the letter proceeds, "putting the 1 kw. in the antenna, operating on 87.9 meters, and we have had another set in operation for one year, putting 1600 watts into the antenna, this operated 54.3 metres. A Record. Referring to Mr. Watkins's success in picking up NKF's signals, Mr. Taylor says: "I believe your letter constitutes the record for any of our transmissions as for as distance is concerned: in fact, it is rather hard to find any shore station which would be located at a greater range than your station, as a glance at the globe will show.
Watty demonstrates wireless receivers at school fete
   DON'T MISS. ELIZABETH-ST. PRACTISING SCHOOL FAIR. THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. SPECIAL WIRELESS DEMONSTRATION BY MR. WATKINS.
Watty included in a list of licensed Tasmanian amateurs
   AMATEUR TRANSMITTERS. The following is a complete list of experimenters holding transmitting licenses in Tasmania:
   * LAUNCESTON:
   * Mr. L. Crooks, 64 Frederick-street 7BQ
   * Mr. C. Scott, 14 Law-street 7CS
   * Mr. E. Sheldrick, Richards-Avenue 7BJ
   * Mr. A. Smith, High-street 7AB
   * Wills and Coy., Quadrant 7BN
   * HOBART:
   * Mr. T. Watkins, Warwick-street 7 AA
   * Mr. R. O'May, Bellerive 7OM
   * Mr. J. Brooks, Adelaide-street .. 7JB
   * Mr. R. Buring, Davey-street .. .. 7AX
   * QUEENSTOWN:
   * Mr. Preston 7BK
Some insider cryptic humour in the Hobart News
   ON THE AIR. . . . (By DX.) . . . It is rumored that a promising youth who was mixed up in a KGO affair, some little time ago, is about to' construct a super-heterodyne, with patent backfiring "Coldome" gadgets attached. I believe that there has been "war" raging down "Tassie's" way. I wonder if those Coils had anything to do with it: Ask Dug. What is the QRA of the chap who pulls up a loud speaker to the masthead over Bellerive way? Some little while ago a certain person sat down to listen-in to some broadcast on a new crystal set. I understand that he listened for about an hour and a half without a sound being heard. It was found later that the set was not wired inside. Our friend Randolf is swotting "how to get the most miles out of S. Watt." We hope he won't use any more just than 5 K.W. 7AH is waiting on the short waves for old 2RJ. I believe he logs about all the 2's, 3's, and 4's that send. This is the way he listens for 2RJ. 7AH also reports that some Sydney short wave stations are working on 'phone nightly 80-120 metres. I paid a visit to Charlie Oldham's "shack" the other night. I have seen some shacks around "Tassy," but some are untidy, ahem! But not Charlie's. He is very tidy and neat. The results he gets out of his receivers are FB. How Bill Smith got KPKA on that tuned anode job of his beats me. It's of his own construction. I mean the re-ceiver! Have you heard a noise like this — buzz, buzz, zip, bang! I think somebody said it was "Watty" on a "Pendo." All qrs's are logged at 7AA. Hi! I understand that before a person can become a member of a certain radio club they must show how to take the squeal out of a Neut.

##### 1925 04

Further insider cryptic humour in the Hobart News
   "ON THE AIR". Notes from All Sources. "Amplex" will be glad to receive short personal or technical paragraphs for publication in this column. . . . A QSL Design. Z4AG has a new QSL card, one of which he has forwarded to Mr. T. Watkins of West Hobart, Mr. Watkins says: "It is the best I have yet seen with a map of the world on it, and waves radiating from New Zealand. Across the Pacific Ocean is printed "The Ham's Paradise." "Rudolph" in the North. In the guise of a radio "Sherlock Holmes," Mr. Rudolph Buring has gone North to stop the "roar." It is not disclosed who is acting as Rudolph's "Watkins," but rumor hath it that a noted University lecturer occupies this position. . . . "DX" Notes. Warwick Street, Saturday. There has been a new call coming in on short waves a lot lately, which turns out to be the U.S.S. Canopus at Manila. The call sign on the vessel is NIRX. N.Z. and Australian amateurs have not yet been QSO with Hawaii. The Hawaiian stations are often heard here, but they do not seem to "click" with Australia and New Zealand. I believe VIP (Perth, W.A.) is to have an I.C.W. job put in soon. This is to replace the present spark system. The wave will remain at 600 metres. VLW (Wellington, N.Z.) is now working on pure C.W. The wave is 600 metres, and the note is beautiful to read. Another New Zealand station, VLA, sends press to VMG on 2000 metres every night at 8.45, and can be copied on his short wave on the low-loss receiver, Q.S.A., too. No wonder 3AC has to close when VLA is working. If you happen to hear faint Morse signals sent out backwards on short waves you will probably find that they are experimenters in Japan. There are 48 letters in their alphabet, instead of 26 letters, as in English. Do you note, now that the days are drawing in, the increase of signal strength? Especially from New Zealand stations. There seem to be plenty of "Yanks" still plugging away. Some of them are as strong as the Australians. Listen for U.S.A. D.X. writes:— "Here is a message to you with the 'Low-lossers.' Received from U4CMP, the following: "Please listen for 1CMP and 1PL on 20 metres from 8 p.m. to 9.30 p.m. (Tas. time) on Sunday evening. Hand in your re-ports. They will help to make the tests successful."
Watty again hearing KDKA but still no rebroadcasts
   NOTES AND NEWS. KDKA was received on a loudspeaker last Saturday night by Mr. C. Walch. The set used was a three-valve low loss with a detector and two stages of audio. A number of trumpet solos were received very well indeed, and the announcement "KDKA, Pittsburg Westinghouse Manufacturing Co., premier broadcasting station of the world," was very clear. On one tube Mr. Walch said he could hear the music with the phones on the table, and with the two stages of audio, it could be heard twenty yards away from the loudspeaker. Mr. Walch continued to listen from 9.30 till the station closed down, and he said that he thought the music was louder than that received from Farmer's Sydney station. KDKA announces before and after each item in the same manner as 7ZL, and the latter station has the same system as the "premier broadcasting station of the world." The method used to tune to the short wave amateurs by Mr. Walch is to follow the harmonics from 7ZL. The harmonics are reported to be on the following waves and it is often possible to pick up the station better down there than on its correct wave. Harmonic waves — 130, 97½, 78, 65, 58, and 48½. All waves are approximate, but it seems as if it would be possible to tune and calibrate a set by this means. Three other experimenters are reported to have heard KDKA at different times during his transmissions. Mr. T. Watkins and Mr. J. Brooks report good reception. Mr. J. C. Knight, of Claremont, received the American station direct with remarkable clarity, and two items were received, which were "Friend o' Mine" and "Utah." This was on Saturday night. Captain Eckersley, chief engineer of the BBC, was much impressed with KDKA. The station uses as much as 15 kilowatts in the aerial. His address from this station was not well heard in England, but when he spoke from WGY, one of his staff picked him up casually, and wondered for a moment who it was that was so familiar.
Man-made interference comes to Hobart in force, Watty co-ordinating efforts to identify and locate
   "THE ROAR." Hobart Now Has One. Serious Interference Reported. The chief topic of conversation amongst local radio men at the present time is the "roar" which has evolved much to everyone's aggravation, and which threatens to blot out listening-in in the city. It is understood that the "roar" was first detected at 5 o'clock last Sunday. On Wednesday it had attained its maximum degree of intensity, while on Thursday it started up as a continuous roar. Hitherto it had only been intermittent. A peculiar fact about the "roar"' is that it is distributed over certain areas whilst other localities have so far escaped. A report from Mr. C. Oldham, of New Town, indicates that serious interference is being caused in this district. At Bellerive, on the other hand, the interference is far less marked. A slight A.C. "hum" is reported by Mr. R. O'May, of the Esplanade, but otherwise the ether appears to be undisturbed. So great has been the interference caused by the "roar" that the Government station on the Domain has at times been unable to effect communication with the mainland. The matter, indeed, was considered to be so serious that Mr. Harvey, of the Hydro-Electric Department was approached with a view to discovering the cause of the trouble. On Thursday evening he arranged to conduct a series of tests with the city's electric mains. Various circuits were switched off at the substation, but the roar continued. At 11.51, however, the "roar" ceased for four minutes, but at the expiration of that time the interference was resumed with renewed vigor. In order that some steps may be taken by the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club, persons experiencing trouble with the "roar" are asked to report the matter to Mr. T. Watkins, Warwick street, Hobart, furnishing full particulars.

##### 1925 05

Watty lectures on lightning at the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club
   RADIO CLUB MEETS. Discussion on Lightning. Mr. Watkins on Local Efforts. At the monthly meeting of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club on Monday night, after the usual formal business was concluded, Messrs. Gilham and Hopkins were elected members of the committee. The matter of the proposed instructional class in wireless principles was discussed, and it was decided that a class would be held as soon as a suitable room is decided upon. A very interesting discussion took place on the subject of the effect of the hydro-electric system (towers, etc.) on electric storms, on vegetation, and on wireless reception. Mr. Watkins gave a lecture on experiments he had carried out in the vicinity of Gretna. Mr. O'May spoke concerning some similar experiments carried out at The Springs. He touched on the damping effect of fogs on wireless signals.
Third party report confirms Watty's rebroadcast of KDKA shortwave, strangely not mentioned in local press
   RADIO IN TASMANIA. Adelaide Station Heard. Mr. R. E. V. Stephens, a wireless experimenter, recently returned to Adelaide from a visit to Tasmania with a party of boys from the Young Men's Christian Association. He took with him a portable four-valve set and loop aerial. He found much interest in wireless in the island State. Fairly satisfactory service was being given by 7ZL, the station that holds the class A broadcasting licence, working on about 400 watts. He visited the station and found it well laid out. The modulation was good. He received its programmes on a loop aerial at good loud speaker strength. He also found that the Adelide stations 5CL and 5DonN were regularly heard as strong as 3LO (Melbourne), and it was a peculiar fact that 5CL was heard better in Melbourne in daylight than 3LO. The boys took much interest in the tests of Mr. Stephens, and while a party of them gave a concert from 7ZL the others listened in with Mr. Stephens' set. Amateurs visited in Launceston and Hobart were enthusiastic in experimental work. L. J. Crooks (7BO, sic, 7BQ) and C. Scott (7CS) were prominent in Launceston, where Mr. Stephens found an interesting amateur club membership which is confined to qualified experimenters. There are 12 members. T. Watkins (7AA), one of the leading experimenters of Hobart, put up a good performance during the last test transmissions from America by KDKA. He received the programme at good strength, and by amplifying the transmission was able to rebroadcast it on a wave length of 230 metres, so that it could be heard by owners of crystal sets. In one evening from 7.30 to 9 o'clock, he stated that Mr. Watkins received 32 American amateurs. Mr. Stephens is going into the wireless business at Bowman Arcade.
Watty at Cygnet demonstrating wireless, likely promoting sales for Medhurst's
   WIRELESS AT CYGNET SHOW. The wireless set installed at the Cygnet Fruit Show has been one of the most attractive features of the function, and was responsible for a very large attendance again yesterday. The machine is a Western Electric 5-valve set, and was tuned into six different stations, with splendid results. Despite the very unfavourable atmospheric conditions on Wednesday evening, Mr. Watkins, the operator in charge, tuned in the chimes of 3AR, and a musical programme of dance music was enjoyed for an hour. Stations 3LO Melbourne, 7ZL Hobart, 2FC and 2BL Sydney, and 5ON (sic, 5DN) Adelaide were also tuned in, all stations being heard very strongly, the volume of sound filling the hall. In the evening the atmospheric interferences were more marked, but the speech of Mr. Snowball, chairman of the Brighton Radio Club, broadcasted by 3LO, Melbourne, at the Exhibition, was heard clearly. During an interval Mr. Watkins briefly addressed the gathering on the theory of wireless, after which selections from the programmes of the stations mentioned were heard, but were marred considerably by the unfortunate weather conditions.
As previous, the Medhurst connection confirmed
   WIRELESS AT CYGNET. Exhibition at Local Show. Armed with Western Electric loud-speakers and every variety of wireless set, Messrs. T. Watkins and Phil. Medhurst arrived at Cygnet from Hobart at the be-ginning of the week. They had arranged to hold a wireless exhibition in connection with the Cygnet Show, and the dis-play has been creating much local inter-est. There are several wireless stations privately owned in the Huon district at pre-sent, but the wide possibilities of radio do not appear to be fully known. Despite the presence of a fair amount of static, the exhibition was a great success, great credit being due to Mr. T. Watkins, who had charge of operations. Many of the mainland broadcasting stations were tuned in very distinctly; also the Hobart station 7ZL.
Comprehensive report on previous
   RADIO AT CYGNET. Very Successful Concert. Mainland Stations Heard. About 300 Cygnet residents were last week entertained by a wireless concert in the Cygnet Hall, on the occasion of the local show. There was a fair amount of static about, but the demonstration was considered to be a great success. The receiving apparatus installed in the hall was a 5-valve Western Electric cabinet set, of Chippendale design, and comprising 1 stage of H.F., detector, 1 stage of audio, 2 power amplifiers, and a loud speaker. Mr. T. Watkins was in charge of the demonstration, on behalf of Messrs. Medhurst and Son. During the evening a fuse blew out, and the hall was plunged in darkness. It is worthy of note that during the period of darkness there was no suggestion of panic, all ears being strained to catch every note of a bell-clear concert which was being received from 3AK, Melbourne. In the course of several demonstrations held at Cygnet, concerts were picked up from 3LO, 2FC, 3AR, 5CL, 5BN, 7ZL, and, for about five minutes, 4YA (New Zealand). The Hobart station was picked up loud speaker strength, but with nothing like the volume of the Sydney and Melbourne transmitters. Amongst a number of interesting items heard, was the broadcasting from Sydney of the prologue to Paramount's picture, "The Ten Commandments"; also — and these were of particular interest to farmers and orchardists present — the latest market reports from Melbourne, giving current prices of apples, potatoes, and so on. Electrical Display. Apart from the demonstration, Messrs. Medhurst's also attracted considerable attention with a fine display of electrical apparatus, for wireless and domestic uses. There were exhibited in the wireless line, crystal sets, and one, two and three-valve sets, including loud speakers and battery charging devices. For domestic purposes, were exhibited all manner of cooking utensils and accessories. As Cygnet now comes under the hydro-electric power scheme, residents were greatly interested, and business was consequently brisk.
Watty approved to use 90 metres for experiments with NRRL
   WITH THE U.S. FLEET. Warship Equipped with Super-Radio May Visit Hobart. Advice has been received in Hobart to the effect that one of the American cruisers to visit Australia in July will be equipped with a special wireless installation to carry out experiments with Australian stations. The ship (station NRRL) has been fully rigged out with the latest radio devices by the Washington Naval Research Laboratories, the radio department of which is controlled by the president of the American Relay League, H. O. Watt Taylor. During the cruise the apparatus will be in charge of an officer who has been specially appointed by the naval authorities. Of special interest to experimenters is the announcement that station NRRL will be fitted with the new crystal controlled master oscillator, a device which has been found to stabilise the wave in spite of a swinging aerial. EXPERIMENTS ON 90 M. Mr. Watkins Granted Permission. Recently Mr. T. Watkins, the well-known owner-operator of station 7AA, West Hobart, wrote to Mr. Malone at the Wireless Branch, Melbourne, asking for permission to carry out experiments with the visiting American warship on low waves. Word has now been received by Mr. Watkins to the effect that permission has been granted for experiments on a wave of 90 metres.
Another interstate report of Watty rebroadcasting KDKA
   WORLD-WIDE ITEMS. FROM NEAR AND FAR. T. Watkins (7AA), one of the leading experimenters of Hobart, put up a good performance during the last test transmissions from America by KDKA. He received the programme at good strength, and by amplifying the transmission was able to rebroadcast it on a wave length of 230 metres, so that it could be heard by owners of crystal sets.
Watty again in contact with the USA Fleet
   "NRRL" Big Short-Wave Transmitter On American Warship. Any amateur receiving NRRL, the transmitter of the American Relay League, on board one of the battleships with the American fleet, is requested to forward full details to "The News," as the Navy Department, according to a message from the mainland, are anxious to receive the fullest information possible. It is believed that the installation of shortwave transmitters as permanent units on board warships is contemplated. Reception of NRRL has already been reported by Mr. T. Watkins, of Hobart, and an Adelaide message now states that several South Australians have succeeded in getting into touch with the station. The wave length employed by NRRL for night transmissions is 50 metres, and an input power of 1000 watts. HEARD IN N.Z. Warships Testing on Short Waves. A Wellington message to a Melbourne paper states that an Ashburton radio operator reports having successfully received test messages sent by the United States warships for obtaining data on the capabilities of short waves. Both sides of the conversations between the flagship and the naval research laboratory at Bellevue were copied in several instances. A special receiver was used. PREPARATIONS IN HOBART. Preparations for the arrival of the big American warship in Tasmanian waters are at present being carried out by Mr. Watkins, who hopes to conduct a series of tests for which permission has been granted Mr. Watkins from the Wireless Branch, Melbourne, for this purpose.

##### 1925 06

Watty in a group of four experimenters undertaking relay tests
   NEWS AND COMMENTS. . . . Four prominent Hobart amateurs, 7AA, 7OM, 7JB, and 7RB, have been carrying out what they call duplex or relay work during the last week. This is done by 7AA transmitting a message to 7OM, who receives it and simultaneously transmits it to 7JB on a different wave length. In this way the message (voice) goes the round of the four stations coming back to the original sender at the same time as he is transmitting the message to 7OM. Wireless travels at 186,000 miles a second.
7AA now operating on shortwaves, being heard in Perth
   The short wavers have been fairly active during the week. Our local sixers have not been as energetic as usual, but recreation has to be sought now and then. The Easterners are going till all hours, and a remarkable feature is the influx of many new stations. Call signs apparently only recently issued are audible, and the call lists could very well do with monthly supplements, as the original lists are now more or less obsolete. Among the newcomers is 4BK, a Queensland and several Tasmanians, 7AA being the most prominent. The former is using a 5 watter and comes in at excellent strength. One of the Tassies is using some special kind of high tension, his note being remarkably pure and easy to read. 2YI was heard to remark that "he had at last worked with Perth." 6AG was the other conspirator. Working the West is now the ambition of the 'tothersiders, and it is certainly no mean DX. 6AM has been heard in Queensland and "clicked" with New Zealand. Short waves do not respect distance. 6CJ and 6BN were also heard, both having nice notes and good strength. They are right amongst the active band and should have no trouble in getting distant QSL's. 6BO and 6WP were heard having an hour's "wongi" the other evening at about 40 watts each. Unfortunately for 6WP his high tension took a short cut through his smoothing condensers and blew a few of his Phillips. Cossors are now performing duty as rectifiers, and signal strength is re-ported to be louder.
7AA again reported ill
   The RADIO WORLD. WEEKLY WIRELESS JOTTINGS. CONDUCTED BY "GRID LEAK" . . . 7AA. A familiar face at Medhurst and Sons', Collins-street, has been conspicuous by his absence for some days past. Mr Watkins, who is referred to, has been laid up once again, probably as the result of too many early morning vigils whilst on the look-out for D.X.'s.

##### 1925 07

7AA part of a team that relayed a press message from the USA Fleet
   LOCAL & GENERAL NEWS. . . . Wireless Achievement. — On Thurs-day night an interesting demonstration of the possibilities of amateur radio relay was demonstrated. A ??? message was radiated from Mr. Claude McKay, 'Daily Guardian's' representative with the American Fleet on the flagship "Seattle." The message was first received by 1AA Auckland, N.Z., passed to 7AA, Hobart, Tasmania, who called N.S.W. 2HM, Armidale, responded and received the message for the 'Guardian' and forwarded immediately after per land 'phone. 1AA is owned and operated by Mr. Edwards. 7AA owned and operated by Mr. Watkins, and 2HM is owned and operated by Mr. Marshall, engineer for Armidale electricity supply.
7AA being heard in Rockhampton on 90 metres, but 7OM is a stronger signal
   WIRELESS NOTES. . . . (By "Aerial.") . . . DX NOTES. 2OB has been on the air a few times lately and his signals are easily heard here with a good note. His power is only 5 watts and his aerial 80 ft. long and 30 high. Small aerials, or rather single wire aerials, especially of the vertical type, are the coming antennae. 3VI was heard recently at fair strength on the 90 metre band, but no particulars are available, as his address is unknown. 2GW, Mr. Woolnough, is putting out some fine signals on about 94 metres with a rather good a.c. note. Mr. Woolnough is famous for his fine DX receptions, and one of his greatest performances was the logging of 52 American amateurs on a single night. From this one can imagine the sensitiveness of his receiver and his skill in controlling it. 4WB was heard last month but his QRA is unknown at present. He is one of the several Queenslanders that have sprung up lately. His signals are very good with a good note also. 7AA from Tasmania is heard occasionally, but his sigs are very weak at present and hard to read through any QRM, 7OM is about the best heard from "The Apple Isle." 2EM, 2SO, 2TM, and 6AG were heard at different times near the end of last month. 2SO has had a long spell and was down fairly low when I heard him first. 6AG was hard to hold through static, but even to hear him at all at such a distance is good work for his transmitter. Well, people, this ends my 90 metre DX for a while. I now have my two "toob" set oscillating on the 40 metre band and can assure you that I will stay there for awhile. The Yanks are there in plenty and are just as easily heard in broad daylight as in pitch darkness. And aren't they QSA? 6AWT was heard about 3 ft. from a small speaker the other night. He's only about 7000 miles away. NRRL, the American Fleet, is also very strong on 40 m.
7AA first to work telephony with Launceston, plans a visit there also
   The RADIO WORLD. WEEKLY WIRELESS JOTTINGS. CONDUCTED BY "GRID LEAK" . . . At last Launceston transmitters have been able to communicate with a Hobart transmitter per radiophone. I think this is about the first time same has been successful. On Wednesday evening last Mr. P. O. Fysh (7PF) had the honor of being the first to communicate with Mr. Trevor Watkins (7AA) of Hobart on 'phone, and was reported very QSA in Hobart. After 7PF had finished his test Mr. C. Scott (7CS) called up 7AA for a test and he was also successful in getting through to Hobart per 'phone. 7GH. Mr. Geoffrey Hall, of Waddamana, whose call sign is 7GH, has been heard every night this week calling and working. His note is fairly good, and sometimes the strength is all that could be desired but suffers a lot from fading. Mr. Crooks, 7BQ, has been successful in working Mr. Hall, as also Mr. Fysh, until the interference related to in the first part of these notes came on. 7AA. Mr. Trevor Watkins, the popular owner of station 7AA, Hobart, is visiting Launceston during the weekend. This will be of great benefit to Launceston experimenters, as what "Wattie" does not know about wireless is not worth knowing. When he arrives in Launceston he will be met by a deputation of the Launceston transmitters who have a book full of questions they would like to know, especially about transmitting harmonics, etc. Mr. Watkins will be a very popular man in Launceston among the wireless fraternity when he arrives. 7GD. Mr. Gordon Douglas, of Gormanston, whose call sign is 7GD, has also been heard fairly constant this week. Heard him working 7CS one night, also calling 7PF and 7BQ. He has a good note but it fades very badly. His wave is fairly high about 107 metres. Get down to about 88 metres O.M. and you will get more DX. Experimenters do not look for any signals, 95 metres these days, and you are apt to be left out in the cold. Never mind about your radiation on the lower waves, your signals go out just as strong as when you are showing a good radiation. 3LO. On Monday evening last at 10.10 o'clock I was listening for amateurs on the lower waves on a low loss receiver, and I came across a very strong carrier wave on about 96 metres. I tuned in this wave very carefully, and to my surprise it turned out to be 3LO Melbourne broad-casting station. I heard two items given by the Statics Band, and was very loud and clear on two valves. The tuning was very sharp, this being accounted for on account of that wave being their fourth harmonic. Has any other experimenter in Launceston heard this station on the 80 to 100 metre band?
7PF of Launceston visits Watty in Hobart, prior to his Launceston visit
   LOCAL TRANSMITTERS. . . . 7PF. Mr. P. O. Fysh (7PF) is at present away from Launceston on a visit to Hobart. Heard he was at 7AA (Mr. Trevor Watkins) the other night and sent his greetings per air to Launceston experimenters. Endeavors were made to get in touch with 7AA by several Launceston sevens but were unsuccessful. I hope that 7AA will survive the string of questions and queries that will be put to him during the week by 7PF on account of him-self and other Launceston "hams" but knowing the generous nature of "Watty" he will be only too pleased to help Launceston wireless matters as much as he can.

##### 1925 08

Watty issues a wireless invitation to the wireless operators of the 4 ships of the USA Fleet off the Tasmanian coast
   WIRELESS TO WARSHIPS. An Invitation by Radio. It has been arranged by the Radio Experimenters' Club of Southern Tasmania to transmit a special message of greeting to the U.S. Fleet tonight, when the vessel will be off the Tasmanian coast. The message will be broadcast by Mr. T. Watkins from his experimental station at West Hobart. After extending a formal greeting to the Fleet, Mr. Watkins will issue an invitation on behalf of the Radio Club, to the chief wireless operators of the four ships to a dinner to be held in their honor at Highfield Hotel tomorrow night.
Watty included in a list of Tasmanian transmitters, for the first time with new call of 7DX
   Radio Notes. . . . (Notes by "Anode") . . . TRANSMITTING LICENSES. There are fourteen active transmitters in Tasmania and most of them have gone down on the very short waves. The latest list is as follows:—
   * Hobart.—
   * 7AH, F. W. Medhurst, Lower Sandy Bay;
   * 7JB, J. V. Brooks, Hobart;
   * 7OM, R.D. O'May, Bellerive;
   * 7RB, R. Buring, Hobart;
   * 7DX, T. Watkins, Hobart.
   * Launceston.-
   * 7AB, Arthur Smith, Launceston;
   * 7BH, Sheldric, E. C., Launceston;
   * 7BQ, A. L. Crooks, Launceston;
   * 7PF, P. O. Fysh, Launceston.
   * Country Districts.-
   * 7AG, J. C. Milne, Gretna;
   * 7BK, A. G. Preston, Queenstown;
   * 7GD, G. A. Douglas, Gormanston;
   * 7LJ, L. R. Jensen, Trowutta;
   * 7GH, G. L. Hall, Waddamana.
   It will be noted that 7AA has had his call altered to 7DX. I think that this is rather a pity, as he has made such good use of the old one and has made it known in so many districts. 7AA is the first transmitter that I remember in Hobart, though there may have been one or two others before him. The call belongs to the history of wireless in Tasmania and deserves notice.
Having issued the invitation to the USA Fleet wireless operators, Watty attends the dinner at the residence of F. W. Medhurst
   EXPERIMENTERS ENTERTAIN. Dinner to American Operators. The dinner tendered by the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club on Thursday evening last to four chief wireless operators of the American warships, turned out to be an even greater success than anticipated. At the invitation of Mr. F. W. Medhurst, the function was held at his residence at Sandy Bay, and as well as a number of members of the club there were present several experimenters and wireless enthusiasts not belonging to that body. Everyone was in jovial mood, and a very pleasant evening was spent. The four American operators present were Messrs. Patricks, Hyland, Morrison, and W. Guthrie. The local men were Messrs. G. Collis (chairman of the Experimenters' Club), E. G. Bowden (representing the wireless branch), C. W. Monks, Doug. Chesterman, R. Buring, W. Smith, T. Watkins, F. W. Medhurst, E. Medhurst, H. Medhurst. C. Walsh, A. Low, R. O'May, E. Hopkins, and M. Philp. Speaking on behalf of the American operators visiting Hobart, Mr. Hyland gave some interesting facts about the development of radio in America. He also expressed the opinion that trouble was brewing between certain nations at the present time and that it would not be long before the radio men of the U.S.A. and Australia would have to employ all the resources at their finger-tips for the purpose of combating a common enemy. The speaker concluded by thanking the experimenters of Hobart for so warmly welcoming the American radio operators to Hobart. Mr. Geo. Collis responded on behalf of the Experimenters' Club, Mr. E. G. Bowden for the wireless department, and Mr. C. W. Monks spoke as a one-time operator in the Australian Navy. After dinner those present spent the remaining portion of the evening in a friendly chat on things wireless. Special Message from 7ZL. During the evening a special message was broadcasted for the benefit of the four operations by Mr. Hoghton, announcer at 7ZL. The message was picked up on Mr. Medhurst's set, installed in the sit-ting-room, every word being heard clear-ly and distinctly.
Reporter provides comprehensive details of the wireless fitout of the USS Trenton, further report on the wireless operators' dinner notes detailed thanks to Watty as the communications co-ordinator
   Radio Notes. AMERICAN WIRELESS INSTALLATIONS. (Notes by "Anode.") I paid a visit only to the radio "shack" of the U.S.S. Trenton, the installation being the same on the four cruisers. In reply to my request for "a look round," the operator, who was sending at great speed on a Vibroplex key, said, "Sure, Guy; there's nothing much to see in the shack here, but you can have a peep round," and then he showed me all there was to be seen. There are two wireless rooms on an American cruiser; one for transmitting, the other for receiving. It is possible to send and receive on the four sets at the same time. The whole installation is controlled from the receiving room by means of plug connections, and each receiver is fitted with a small transmitting key, which is connected with the plug switchboard. If the key is plugged into one set of holes, it controls a relay in the transmitting room below decks, which controls one of the four transmitting sets. In this way it is possible to use any transmitter from any of the many keys in the operating room by simply plugging into the correct pair of holes. As mentioned above, there are four transmitting sets, which work at different adjustable frequencies. For fleet work, where it is only necessary to use small power, a buzzer transmitter is used. This consists of a high-speed, direct-current motor,, and a step-up transformer. The motor acts as a make-and-break, being fitted with a commutator mechanism. For long distance high-power work a 20 kw DC arc is used, and this is supplemented by a smaller 600 watt valve (CW set, with 12.50 watt tubes) for shorter wave work. The range of this latter transmitter is estimated at 1,100 miles for regular work. I expected to see numerous superheterodynes and other multitube receivers, but there are no unusual sets aboard. All the receiving apparatus is doubled, in case there is any accident which disables a part of it. There are no sets that will pick up waves shorter than 200 metres, as the battleship Seattle is doing the experimenting on the short waves. The other ships merely look on. I was surprised to see that the American ships were fitted with the old-fashioned navy selector, which is still in use on some of the land stations, and is a feature of the installation of VIH. It is put to no use at present. The sets will cover all the wavelengths from 200 metres up to 25,000. All the sets are fitted with reaction, and all the tuning dials are calibrated in kilocycles, as the Americans do not use wavelengths in their wireless calculations. The sets are for fixed ranges of from 200 to 2,000 metres, and from 1,000 metres to 25,000. The aeroplanes are fitted with small valve transmitters and receivers, and communicate with the ships when they are in the air by lowering a weighted wire, and using this as an aerial. The earth of an aeroplane set is on to the metal framework. Only short waves are used on the planes, and the power is small. There is a special valve set used to communicate with the aeroplanes on the ships, which employs two tubes, and radiates only 6-10ths of an amp. The planes are fitted with their own generators for the plate supply to the transmitting tubes. PATENT SOUNDER. The Trenton is fitted with the very newest in sounders, for finding the depth of the ocean, and it is placed in the wireless room. A sound wave is sent down to the bottom of the ocean, and the sea bed reflects it back to the ship to a very sensitive microphone. The wave is amplified, and heard in a pair of wireless receivers. The velocity of sound through water is known, and the time is measured that it takes to get the "echo" of the wave. This time is halved, and it is easy to calculate the distance to the bottom of the ocean from this figure. To obviate even this calculation, and to save time in taking soundings, the instrument is fitted with a dial which turns until the regular waves sent down come back at the same time as the next wave is sent down. The time distance between the waves gives the depth on a calibrated dial. It is possible to take soundings with the instrument in from 10 to 6,000 fathoms of water, with perfect accuracy, and with only a fraction of the trouble that would be encountered with the old method of letting a weighted wire down to the ocean bed. WIRELESS EXPERIMENTERS' DINNER. The Wireless Experimenters' Club held a dinner for four of the wireless officers of the fleet on the second night of their stay. The dinner was a great success, chiefly, the experimenters claim, on account of the kindness and help of Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Medhurst, who managed the entertainment at their house in Sandy Bay. The officers present were Messrs. Patrick, Hyland, Morrisson, and Guthrie. Mr. Hyland, in speaking for the fleet, said that he feared that there would be another war, and that trouble was stirring among certain nations. If the worst happened, as he prophesied, the wireless experimenters of the world would be of incalculable service to their countries, and America would work hand in hand with Australia in this matter. He congratulated Mr. T. Watkins (7DX) on "his splendid work in wireless, and on the record that he should, be proud of, a record that few American experimenters could equal." Mr. F. W. Medhurst told the company of the difficulties with which the earlier experimenters had to contend. Mr. E. G. Bowden (P.M.G.'s Department) spoke, and Mr. C. W. Monks, an ex-wireless officer of the Australian navy, who served during the war on H.M.A.S. Huon, told the diners some interesting things about the conditions at the time. A farewell message has been relayed through New Zealand to the wireless officers of the fleet. A further message was despatched to Mr. P. O. Fysh, the Tasmanian delegate to the Federal Wireless Conference, wishing him success.
Watty forwards a message from 7PF at the WIA Conference, noted that 7AA now 7DX
   "ON THE AIR" DX Notes By "Amplex" . . . A wireless message received by Mr. T. Watkins from Mr. P. O. Fysh, sent by himself from Perth amateur transmitting stage 6CJ states that he will be back in Launceston by Wednesday next. Mr. Fysh has been attending the second Commonwealth congress of wirelessmen, where he represented Tasmania. . . . Readers of these notes will be interested to learn that Mr. T. Watkins' well-known call sign 7AA has been changed by the Wireless Branch to 7DX. In some respects the change is a welcome one, as the suffix DX is an appropriate one in this case; but 7AA's well-known call will be missed from the air, despite the fact that his familiar "fist" or key mannerisms, will still be recognised.
Watty tunes in to a conversation between NRRL and G2NM, wrongly claims a first for hearing G2NM in Australia, which honour belongs to 3BQ Max Howden
   EAVESDROPPED! AN INTERESTING RADIO EXPERIENCE. U.S. Warship Talks to England. While listening-in on a wavelength of 45 metres on Sunday afternoon, Mr. T. Watkins, the well-known Hobart wireless experimenter, had the unique experience of picking up a two-way conversation carried out by wireless telephone between the United States warship Seattle and an experimental station in the United Kingdom, operated by the president of the British Radio Society, Mr. Gerald Marcuse. There were present with Mr. Watkins when the messages were picked up Messrs. R. O'May and L. Jensen, both of whom heard the conversation quite distinctly. The first indication Mr. Watkins received of something being "on the air" was when he heard the Sydney amateur station 2CM calling G2OD, London, the first English amateur station to establish wireless communication with Australia. While endeavoring to tune in to the messages being exchanged between the above two stations. Mr. Watkins was surprised to hear the American warship NRRL, which appeared to be operating on a wavelength of 40 metres. The English station commenced by transmitting gramophone music:— N.R.R.L.— Put on some jazzy ones. Hi, hi (the radio laugh). (Later): What about "It 'Aint Gonna Rain no More"? That's better, I am receiving you O.K. At about 6.15 a.m. (Greenwich time) the English station, began to call an American after first remarking that his transmissions were being carried out on exceedingly low power. It is believed that this was the first occasion that 2NM has been heard in Australia.
7AA amongst the first in Hobart to log the new Qld A Class station 4QG
   DX Notes — and Others. (By "Amplex") . . . The new Queensland Government station, 4QG, is now on the air, and is being regularly heard in Tasmania. The station operates on about 480 metres. The modulation of 4QG appears to be excellent and the transmissions generally up to the standard of "A" class stations, excepting of course the big Melbourne and Sydney stations. Several listeners-in, including Messrs. Noel Anderson and T. Watkins, report having picked up the new station with strength about equal to that of the Adelaide station, 5DN. The concerts sent out are also said to be quite good, violin solos, orchestral selections, and so on being the usual fare provided.
Watty included in a list of Tasmanian transmitting licences
   TASMANIA. TRANSMITTING LICENSES.
   * 7AB Smith, A. C., 21 High-st., Launceston.
   * 7AG Milne, J. C., Gretna.
   * 7AH Medhurst, F. A., Beach-rd., Lower Sandy Bay.
   * 7AQ MacCabe, W. B., Clarence Point, West Tamar.
   * 7AR Johnson, C. F., 33 Hill-st., West Hobart.
   * 7BC Cave, Norman, 5 Compton-av., Launceston.
   * 7BH Sheldrick, E. C., Richard's av., Launceston.
   * 7BK Preston, T. A. C., King-st., Queenstown.
   * 7BQ Crooks, J. A. L., 64 Frederick-st., Launceston.
   * 7CS Scott, A. C., 14 Law-st., Launceston.
   * 7DX Watkins, W. T., 146 Warwick-st., Hobart.
   * 7GH G. L. Hall, Waddamana.
   * 7GD Douglas, G. A., Lochleven, Gormanston.
   * 7JB Brooks, J. V., 20 Adelaide-st., Hobart.
   * 7LJ Jensen, L. R., State School, Trowutta.
   * 7OM O'May, R. H., Esplanade, Bellerive.
   * 7PF Fysh, P. O., 46 Mary-st., Launceston.
   * 7RB Buring, R., 19 Anglesea-st., South Hobart.

##### 1925 09

Watty impresses the VK6's with his constant operation
   WIRELESS WEEK by WEEK. Our Budget of Broadcasting and Listening-In Lyrics — Of the Greatest Value to the Seeker after Knowledge RADIOGRAMS. By AERIAL. . . . We think we have discovered the most consistent amateur in Australia. He is far better than KEL, and that means something. Our rara avis is 7DX in Tassie, and he sure does some transmitting. We were listening one afternoon just recently, and we heard him CQ-ing. Later on we managed time for another listen, and 7DX was still at it, and behold he was still at it at 1 a.m. in the morning, and practically every night as soon as one throws the aerial switch 7DX is there. If you don't hear you can safely bet he is at the moment receiving. There is no question but that short wave work plays some queer prank and we had an experience of it during the week. One of the local transmitters, 6AG, to wit, was working 7DX, Tasmania, and the latter appeared to have no difficulty in getting 6AG. We were curious about this, because the local station as received by us, on a detector and two stages of low frequency, was not coming in nearly up to his usual strength. We placed it at R5, so were amazed when 7DX came back and said 6AG was coming in at great strength, R6 to be exact. We locally were hearing him not quite up to strength, a few miles away, yet he was roaring in some thousands of miles off. By the way our receiver was quite O.K., 7DX was up to his usual strength, and we had a Yank up Alaska way a little while before. This is apparently one of the peculiar cases due to reflection. Any other explanation 6AG?
Watty works NKF the American naval station
   Radio Notes. . . . (Notes by "Anode.") . . . NKF HEARD IN TASMANIA. It will be remembered that on Wednesday and Thursday last tests were arranged between Australian amateurs and the American naval station NKF. The wave used was to be 24.5, and Mr. Watkins (7DX) was successful on the second night in picking up the signals on his low-loss set. It is reported that other experimenters were also in touch with NKF's straight CW signals, but no confirmation can be obtained.
Watty reported to be operating on 35 metres and working across Australia
   Radio Notes. . . . (Notes by "Anode.") . . . Amateur station 7DX is conducting long distance experiments on 35 metres and has already worked other amateurs all over Australia.

##### 1925 10

Annual meeting of Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club, Watty appointed to general committee and committee in respect of proposed Australian Radio Relay League
   HOBART RADIO CLUB. Officers for the Year. Transmitting Station Suggested. Several matters not dealt with at the Hobart Radio Club annual meeting held in the University lecture hall came up for discussion at a special meeting of the Radio Club held at the Embassy Tea Rooms, Liverpool-street, last Wednesday. During the evening supper was served, and it was felt by all that the practice of holding the club's meeting in such pleasant surroundings was to be commended. Officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows:— Patron, Professor Burn; president, Mr. F. W. Medhurst; vice-presidents, Messrs. G. (sic, J.) V. Brooks and O. L. Olden; secretary and treasurer; Mr. W. Smith: assistant-secretary, Mr. D. Chesterman; committee, Messrs. O'May, Watkins, Brooks, Buring, Walsh (sic, Walch), Collis, Gilham and Oldham. A special committee to deal with matters connected with the Radio Relay League was appointed as follows:— Messrs. T. Watkins, R. O'May, and J. Brooks. Appreciation of the work of Mr. D. Chesterman during his term as secretary was put on record. Owing to pressure of business, Mr. Chesterman was unable to continue to fill the position. He consented, however, to give his assistance to Mr. W. Smith, who was appointed secretary in his place. In the course of the meeting a general discussion took place on matters relating to the appointment of a State executive. It was decided to defer the appointment of Southern Tasmanian delegates till a later date. Exception was taken to the conditions set down by the Launceston section of the experimenters relating to the proposed executive council, as it was felt that these would not be in the best interests of Tasmanian experimenters as a whole. Mr. Geo. Collis was appointed to confer with the northern body with the object of coming to some satisfactory arrangement between the two sections. It is interesting to note in connection with the Experimenters' Club that the membership of the club now includes every wireless experimenter in and around Hobart. The last to join up was Mr. Jack Brooks, who was officially welcomed to the ranks of the club at Wednesday's meeting. The Club President. The re-election of Mr. F. W. Medhurst to the president's chair is also welcome news to the radio enthusiasts of the State. Mr. Medhurst's experience of wireless dates from the time when the only apparatus available was that constructed by oneself from crude materials. He was one of the pioneers, and he is still a keen experimenter. Proposed Transmitting Station. Mention was made in the course of Wednesday's meeting of the possibility of establishing a club transmitting station. The club is now endeavouring to find suitable premises for this purpose.
Watty indulging in wishful thinking with tentative log of South Africa
   Radio Notes. (By "Anode") . . . 7DX (previous 7AA) was up late on Monday morning, and while listening to one of the Amalgamated Wireless ship stations that have just been fitted, he heard speech off a wave between 300 and 400 metres. The atmospherics were so bad that it was almost impossible to hear anything, especially with the five-tube power amplifier that he was using, but he thinks the station must have been one of the South African broadcasters. The time would be correct.
"Grid Leak" = 7CS and 7PF visit Hobart and spend much time with Watty
   AMATEUR TRANSMITTERS. During last weekend "Grid Leak" paid a visit to Hobart, and did the round of the "shacks" down there, most of the time being spent with 7DX, Mr. Trevor Watkins. The transmitters are very keen in Hobart, nearly all the transmitting sets being built breadboard fashion to facilitate the many changes that are constantly being made to them. Amongst the amateur stations visited were 7OM, Mr R. O'May, Bellerive; 7JB, Mr. Jack Brooks; 7RB, Messrs. Smith and Buring; and 7DX, Mr. Trevor Watkins. A very enjoyable evening was spent at the residence of Mr. Medhurst, at Lower Sandy Bay, last Sunday evening, and "Grid Leak" and Mr. P. O. Fysh, of Launceston, had a very pleasant time going through his workshop and "shack." Mr. Medhurst is the grandfather of wireless in Hobart, and has a wonderful collection of transmitting and receiving gear used years ago. Mr. Medhurst is still a great wireless enthusiast, and amongst the gear noticed in the "shack" was a very up-to-date low loss receiver. 7GH. During their stay in Hobart Messrs. Fysh and Scott paid a visit to Mr. Geoff Hall, of Waddamana (7GH), who has been very ill in St. Helen's Hospital for some time. He is rapidly making a recovery, and hopes to leave that institution in about two weeks' time. The many transmitters throughout Australia will be glad to know that 7GH will soon be on the air again.
4 members of the WIA Launceston visit Hobart and meet other experimenters at Watty's residence to work out a unity ticket
   THE RADIO WORLD. WEEKLY WIRELESS JOTTINGS. CONDUCTED BY "GRID LEAK" WIRELESS INSTITUTE. Messrs. P. O. Fysh, C. Scott, A. C. Smith, and E. Sheldrick, members of the Tasmanian Division of the Wireless Institute of Australia, paid a visit to Hobart last Saturday, and met the members of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club at the residence of Mr Trevor Watkins, to discuss the best way of uniting the amateur wireless interests in Tasmania. It was resolved that the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club be affiliated with the Tasmanian Division of the Wireless Institute, and that they send two delegates to the council of the division to look after their interests. It was also resolved that the division take official steps to make representation to the Chief Manager of Telegraphs and Wireless to have a radio inspector appointed in Tasmania. It was agreed that the position was urgent in face of recent happenings in regard to the S.O.S. signals being sent out on a receiver on the commercial wave bands, and also the large number of howling sets that are on the air every evening, that the division, through its members, would welcome an appointment, and offer their services to enable the offender or offenders to be traced. Experimenters and others are asked to report at once any signals of this nature or any other signals that they hear on broadcast wave lengths to the secretary, Wireless Institute of Australia, 181 Charles-street, Launceston, giving the time, date, approximate wave lengths, and nature of interference. It is hoped that, now unity of the wireless interests is accomplished that as many as can will make application for membership of the division, and so make it truly representative of the wireless enthusiasts of Tasmania.
Further clarification of the previous
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. Division Formed. A Wrong Impression. I was considerably perplexed by the wording of a paragraph which appeared in the local press this week regarding the formation of a Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia, which is liable to convey a wrong impression. The writer of the article in question seems to have been very much confused by the names of the bodies concerned. Some two years ago a Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia was organised in Hobart and a section of the division was formed in Launceston. Neither the division nor the Launceston section held together for very long as a part of the Wireless Institute, and the Hobart body, the Tasmanian division, dropped out of existence altogether. In both cities the experimenters then formed clubs, known respectively as the Hobart and Launceston Radio Experimenters' Clubs. Those clubs have held together very successfully. The machinery of the Launceston section of the Institute being still in existence, has been reorganised as the Tasmanian division for the present year, and, at a meeting held at Mr. Watkins' station last week, where four Launceston experimenters met four representatives of Hobart amateur radio, the movement received the enthusiastic support of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club. Beyond this the report referred to is a true record of the proceedings at the meeting.
Watty one of several to be the butt of amateur jokes
   OSCILLATIONS. A Squeak by Our Joey. 7JB seems to spend most of his time talking to G2NM now. It seems to be a toss-up whether the first part of his big bottle to fail will be the plate, the filament, or the vacuum. Phil, and Scottie have been down for the Show. Rumor has it that they have bought up all the spare aluminium from the Zinc Works. Whether they are trying to corner it or whether they intend to instal a 500 k.w. transmitter is rather uncertain. Hubert wants to sell his BCL set and instal a transmitter. Is anyone ready to exchange? The amateurs, will all be suffering from QSB now that George has taken up advertising. When a few more new shacks have been opened they will all be troubled with QSS — on the way home, at any rate. Charlie is looking for a partner, offsider, or sidekicker in a super DX station which he intends to erect. Nothing short of a 250-watt gazouta and a nine-tube superhet gozinta, lads! Don't mention the cash! Crosby is another superhet expert. Nothing like being in the business, it seems. Why doesn't Watty use his drumstick aerial? It was one of Hobart's greatest tourist attractions, while it lasted. Between the QRM and the joeys (two of them), Bill hasn't much time for wireless. So much the worse for the rest of us. 7GH is off the air at present. The owner is still in hospital, but expects to be up in another week. We hope to hear of a speedy convalescence and good recovery.
Watty comes in for another humourous comment from the Launceston gang
   The RADIO WORLD. WEEKLY WIRELESS JOTTINGS. CONDUCTED BY "GRID LEAK" . . . Ole 7DX Trevor Watkins, of Warwick-street, Hobart, is at present pushing some hefty sigs over the ether. I think "Watt" is using a large "HE" toob by the noise he makes. Be careful old man, it does not blow up with you.

##### 1925 11

Watty attends meeting of Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club, agrees affiliation with WIA Tas in Launceston, promotes formation of a Listener-In League in Hobart
   RADIO EXPERIMENTERS' CLUB. The primary business at the meeting of the Hobart Radio Experimenters' Club at the R.S. Club rooms on Wednesday night was the election of a secretary. Mr. Smith, who had been appointed at the annual meeting, had signified his inability to accept the position, and Mr. G. Fraser was appointed acting secretary. A motion that the club apply for affiliation with the Wireless Institute of Australia, was then adopted. Mr. Watkins then brought forward a suggestion that a Listeners-in League be formed. There is at present no club where broadcast listeners can meet and discuss wireless from their point of view; the experimental body, though much smaller, has such a club. A movement is on foot in the other States to form such a league, and it is probable that it will be organised throughout Australia, if successful State divisions are formed. It was resolved that the Experimenters' Club take steps to assist the formation of a Listeners' League, and to give the league all possible assistance should its formation prove successful.
Watty again the butt of cryptic insider amateur humour
   OSCILLATIONS. A Squeak by Our Joey. Who swore that Bob was punching 7LJ's key on Sunday. Does 7HL (??) expect to get all the luck thrown in with that transformer he is buying? Foster is in great demand lately. He seems to have the only copy of James in town. Who is building all the apparatus for the future 7RW? Charlie is sure that the Browning-Drake is the best thing in receiving circuits for B.C.L. work. Which is it going to be next? Lovett is still looking for a transmitter who is going out of business. The B.C.L. set has not yet gone. 7RB has produced another "blue terror." Look on Bob's wall. Congrats to 7PF and 7CS (Launceston. Both have hooked U.S.A. Likewise 7LA and 7AS, who have just opened up in the transmitting game. Did anyone hear any joeys on 3LO's election results at 10 o'clock on Saturday? Gobbo has been unusually quiet and re-tiring lately. What is the matter? Or should we say "who"? Reports indicate "QRK but QSB" since Watty installed the new "bottle." Jack has hit the limit in DX. What is he going to do now? Follow 5BG?
Watty getting humorous comment on his 50 watt valve
   The RADIO WORLD. WEEKLY WIRELESS JOTTINGS. Conducted BY "GRID LEAK" . . . 7DX. Mr. Trevor Watkins, of Hobart (7DX) has been tearing great holes in the ether lately with that new "toob" of his. He is at present using a fifty watt tube with (I cannot say how many volts on the plate). His note is pretty near DC, and with his bug key puts some hefty and clear cut signals on the air.

##### 1925 12

Watty appointed one of two Tasmanians as part of its relay network, permits use of 7WI callsign
   Radio Notes. . . . (Notes by "Anode.") . . . WIRELESS RELAYING. The Wireless Institute of Australia, which is the leading club in all matters radio in Australia, has decided to join Tasmania in its radio relay chain, and has appointed two stations to act as the two links. The stations are 7OM, Mr. R. O'May, Bellerive, and 7DX, Mr. T. Watkins, Warwick-street, Hobart. The call of the test station is to be 7WI, there being two or more in each State. All the calls are the same, but for the number which is used as an indication of the State to which each belong. The stations will use a wave between 80 and 50 metres, and no difficulty should be found in getting them if a good low-losser is used.
Watty reports hearing the Rugby tests
   AUSTRALIA DIRECT. BRITISH WIRELESS TESTS. Heard Well in Hobart. The official tests sent out from Great Britain over the weekend by the new high-power wireless station at Rugby were heard at Hobart without any difficulty. The tests were heard by the Melbourne Postal Department on Saturday. Atmospherics caused some blanks there, but the greater part of the test was received. A part of the test was heard by Mr. W. G. (sic, T.) Watkins (7DX), of Warwick street, very distinctly, and without any trouble whatever about 6.45 this morning. There were no traces of atmospherics, this difficulty usually being met with only at night. Picking Up Rugby. Mr. Watkins states that he has been picking up Rugby without any difficulty from the time that station commenced its first tests in 1921. "All that is necessary to pick up Rugby," Mr. Watkins states, is a one-valve set used as a detector only, with two coils — one of 1200 turns and one of 1500 turns — and a familiar PI circuit and a 001 aerial condenser in parallel. "This outfit," Mr. Watkins says, "will bring in Rugby on an average type listener-in aerial without doubt." The English Post Office Radio Department considers that when the Rugby transmissions become a public service, which should be at an early date, wireless will supersede the cable for ordinary communications around the world.

#### 1926
##### 1926 01

Watty reported being heard in Indo-china
   D.X. NOTES. . . . 7DX, although his signals are not very strong here, has been heard in Indo-China and the United States, so it must be his good steady D.C. note that is carrying his messages across the globe. His speed on the key is due to the Vibroplex he uses.
Watty again the butt of amateur humour
   AMONGST THE HAMS. 7PF would very much like to meet some expert that can make his five valve set that he recently imported from England oscillate. It is not known yet whether the set was made to receive Morse or music, but time will tell, I suppose. Another Launceston paper in its wireless notes last week stated that 7BG has been working "Tanks" on one valve. What race are you training it for, Len. 7CS is back again in Launceston, after having spent a month amongst the Southern hams, full of knowledge and weird ideas, etc. Has anyone heard 7OM (Bob. O'May) broadcasting his fiddle and mandolin over the air on 80 metres. Local QRM is nothing compared to it. Wattie's gramophone has been working overtime lately. I don't know what has come over the Hobart transmitters lately; the whole lot of them for the past fortnight have been heard on phone, and I believe they have had several good reports from the Glebe, Bellerive and Lindisfarne. Last week 7DX (Trevor Watkins) threatened to clean up his shack and make several alterations and, unlike most other amateurs, he kept his word and did it. It is rumored that a summons has been issued to 7BQ for cruelty to a valve. Let's hope it is not serious, Len. Arthur and Bill (7AB and 7BC) and their set have arrived back from the big smoke quite safely and are hard at work? again. It is rumored that Shel. is going into retirement very shortly and will not be seen or heard of for many moons. Better have a sale before you go OM. 7CS has put up another new aerial. This is about the umpteenth now, and of course the last one is the best of all, as usual. Does anyone know when 7CS last cleaned his shack. At the present time it is a picture; gear all over the place. I haven't seen much of 7PF lately; think he spends most of his time nowadays down at the "eads." Hobart is truly the home of the speed kings on the Morse key, with Watty as king and 7OM and 7WT as pupils. 7LJ, who is at present at Devonport for a holiday, is putting some hefty signals on the air, using one receiving valve and the house lighting mains for his plate supply. ROAR. Some very weird suggestions for eliminating the roar have been put forward during the past week or two. The authorities have at last, I believe, been making an attempt to trace this pest. "Grid Leak" has noticed that since the change over at his place the roar is not nearly so bad, and I understand that Mr Fysh since he has been changed over does not get it nearly so bad neither. Let us all hope that before the winter months set in this pest has been entirely eliminated from our midst. 7BQ AND THE YANKS. Mr L. J. Crooks, of Frederick-street, whose call sign is 7BQ, has made more wireless history for Tasmania during the past two or three weeks. He has been successful in transmitting his signals to the United States, using one five-watter with about 400 volts on the plate. F.B. OM, no need for you to buy a 250 watter when you are getting results like this on the small power. The stations worked are U 6AWT, U 6KM, U 9EEZ, HA 6AFF, U 9ZT.

##### 1926 03

Watty in a long list of station received and worked by 7LJ around new year
   COASTAL STATION. Stations Received and Worked. ON SINGLE VALVE RECEIVER. THE operator of radio station A7LJ, Mr. L. R. Jensen, Middle Road, West Devonport, forwards a copy of stations logged during the period December 25, 1925, to January 31, 1926, inclusive: Stations Received (All on single valve receiver): Australia: 2CG, 2WI, 2JR, 2BW, 2HR, 2SS, 2HM, 2EC, 2LM, 2DG, 2NS, 2BY, 2OG, 2JT, 2RJ, 2JW, 2CX, 2GC, 2IJ, 2OD, 2WH, 2MH, 2ZN, 2RD, 2UI, 2OB, 3JR, 3OG, 3OT, 3AU, 3VP, 3UI, 3KB, 3EF, 3LP, 3BM, 3JK, 3JR, 3BD, 3CB, 3JS, 3HL, 3JP, 3BL, 3GM, 3EL, 3YM, 6AM, 6AG, 4RB, 4BR, 4CM, 5DM, 5RM, 5BD, 5WW, 5BF, 5DX, 5HM, 5RK, 5AM, 5BF, 5AH, 5AY, 5DA, 5BG, 5RC, 7DX, 7WT, 7OM, 7WI, 7BQ, 7BC, 7CS, 7GD, 7GH, N.Z., 2AQ, 1AX, 1AQ, 1AF. Miscellaneous: K1O, W1Z, GDVB, KEL, K1ONS, VIT, NEQQ, NPM, Phillipines Is., 1HR. Stations Worked: 2HM, 2WH, 2LM, 2MH, 3AU, 3CB, 3LP, 3BQ, 3EL, 4RB, 5RG, 5BD, 5RK, 5AM, 5BF, 6AM, 7DX, 7WT, 7BQ, 7WI, 7CS, 7GD, 7OM, 7BC, 3JP, 2DG, N.Z., 1AF. All the stations were logged on wavelengths less than 100 metres, the majority being on 80 metres.

##### 1926 06

Watty being well heard in Rockhampton
   DX NOTES. Tasmanian amateurs are coming on to the air in force and several new stations have been heard of late. 7DX, 7CS, 7CW are the best and all are of good strength with good notes. The latter has worked many countries, using 8 tube RAC to a new UX210 tube. 7AB is a new one and worked U.S.A. with 4½ watts to a 201A tube. 7HL is weak, but has a lovely steady note. 7OM and 7PF are heard occasionally at similar strength to their old 80 metre signals. Z3AK, who used to be Z4AL is strong here with a rectified AC note. Mr. Grubb is now at Timaru, New Zealand. Yanks are doing their bit in trying to help the "miles per watt" tests to be a success. This class of test (D) has been extended to July 5th at 6 p.m., to enable amateurs to get their low powered sets in working order. Several Yanks are heard from 5 p.m. until 1 a.m. local time, which shows they work continuously from midnight to sunrise in their own country. That's co-operation fellows, and it's what we want to make these tests a success. Don't be afraid to crawl out of bed when the mercury shows 55 above Fahrenheit. Remember it is about 10 deg. below over there in the States now, and if the U.S. can put up with it, we can too.
Watty being well heard in Perth
   AMATEUR COMMENT. . . . 7CW and 7DX (Tasmania) have been very consistent, while the New Zealanders are in droves between 3p and 6p, local time.

##### 1926 07

Watty promoted as supervisor Medhurst Electrical radio department at the Launceston Wireless and Electrical Exhibition
   MEDHURST AND SONS' MODEL HOME. Medhurst and Sons, the well-known firm who are established at 14 Quadrant, have arranged one of the most attractive and certainly a most novel exhibit for the exhibition. This firm's stall embraces the whole of the stage, which is given over to a complete model electric home of five rooms. Here the interested housewife can see all the modern "electrical servants" under actual working conditions. They have an admirably-laid-out kitchen, where a competent lady demonstrator will be doing actual cooking on the famous McClary electric stove. Here also may be seen a new kitchen cabinet, saving many steps, and the latest dish-washing machine, together with other kitchen helps. Their bathroom, with hot water supplied from their own patented hot-water system, will be an eye-opener to most folk. Then, in turn, come bedroom, sitting-room, and dining-room, each with its own electrical servants. Besides this model home, there are three other large stalls, featuring the famous Hecla Australian-made electrical appliances, the wonderful Hoover Sweeper, which not only sucks the dirt out of the carpets, but sweeps and beats them as well; different types and sizes of their exclusive McClary stoves; and a very large exhibit of all the most up-to-date wireless apparatus, this latter feature being in charge of the well-known southern experimenter, Mr. W. T. Watkins, Station 7DX, who will be able to give expert attention to all radio enquiries. Altogether, it is an exhibition within an exhibition, and well worth seeing.

##### 1926 08

Watty unable to attend the Launceston Radio Experimenters' Club
   EXPERIMENTERS' CLUB. The usual meeting of the above club was held at 7LA on August 5. There was only a moderate attendance. The business of the evening consisted of applications for membership and a resignation of one of the present members. A general discussion on matters of interest to members followed, general regret being expressed at the absence of 7DX, who was to have given a talk on an interesting radio subject.
Watty one of a handful that succeeded in the latest Trans-Pacific Tests
   WIRELESS WEEK BY WEEK. Our Budget of Broadcasting and Listening-ln Lyrics — Of the Greatest Value to the Seeker After Knowledge. RADIOGRAMS By AERIAL. . . . The following Australian stations were successful in transmitting 500 word test message to American stations during the recently held trans-pacific tests:— 2TM, 2YI, 2IJ, 2CG, 2CS, 3AD, 3EF, 4AN, 7DX. The absence of South Australian and Westralians transmitters seems to show the increased land distance has a greater bearing than is popularly supposed.

##### 1926 09

7DX still being well heard in Perth
   WIRELESS NOTES. (By Aerial.) . . . DX NOTES. The last week or so I have bean listening to the old 80 metre band, and was surprised to find that this once for-gotten "gang" is again active. Seve-ral new stations were heard and for the most their signals were very good and easily up to the standard of the 30-40 metre transmitting stations. One point worth noting was that fading was negligible on the higher (?) wave band and that signals seemed to carry very well at night. Several Queenslanders were being heard as loudly in New Zea-land as they were in their own towns, so evidently signals will travel great distances on this 80 metre band in darkness. One of the new stations beard was 4MM, of Toowong, who came in at good strength with a R.A.C. note. This station, operated by M. O'Brien, has only been transmitting a short while, but is getting out well, being reported good strength in New Zealand on a valve receiver. 4CG was also heard, and his signals are much the same as 4MM. 4WH, of Longreach, is also a new one, with a good D.C. note, but has trouble in working interstate stations, due to the fact that he lives near the Longreach power house and is troubled with interference. 5BW of South Australia, 7DX, 7CS, 3LP, 2DY, 2MH, 2RB, 2HC, and a number of others were copied, all coming in fairly well. A few unknown stations can be beard testing with telephony, but none of them are very good at this distance, their notes being so rough that, when they are detuned, they become inaudible.
Watty does well in the Trans-Pacific Tests, comprehensively reported by Sydney's Daily Telegraph
   TALKING WITH AMERICA. Wireless Amateurs. SUCCESSFUL TESTS. Fifty-three thousand words of official test messages found their way across the Pacific Ocean during the 14 days of the trans-Pacific tests conducted by the Wireless Institute of Australia and the American Radio Relay League. The tests were organised to demonstrate the effectiveness of present-day amateur stations in communicating over distances of 8000 or 9000 miles, and also for the purpose of discovering the most effective stations in each of the Australian States. Three months have elapsed since the start of the tests, but log sheets and reports continue to arrive at the institute from amateur stations in many countries. Though it has not been possible to complete the more technical deductions from the mass of information received it is clear that amateur radio stations were able to maintain reliable and perfect contact across the Pacific through atmospheric conditions which were in all cases described as the worst experienced since the very short wave lengths came into general use. The chief competitive section of the tests, in which 97 Australian stations participated, was one in which stations had to send an official test message of 500 words to an amateur station in America, and receive a similar one in the shortest possible time and with the lowest power. In this test alone our Australian amateurs handled 50,000 words with errors which could be counted on the fingers of one hand — a wonderful demonstration of the abilities of amateur operators. The finest performance of all stations in the Commonwealth was that of 7DX, owned and operated by Trevor Watkins, of Hobart, Tasmania. With a transmitter using half the power of that consumed by a household electric globe and with a simple two-valve receiver, Mr. Watkins sent and received message after message without an error. The leading performers in the various States were: — Victoria: 3EF, H. W. Maddick, Elwood. New South Wales: 2TM, H. Turner, Mosman. Queensland: 4AN, Leighton Gibson, Greenslopes, Brisbane. PROBABLE WORLD'S RECORD. Though acting as official traffic station for the institute and not competing, station 2YI, owned and operated by P. Nolan, of Bellevue Hill, made what was probably a world's record for the reliable and accurate working of an amateur experimental station. Mr. Nolan was responsible for sending and receiving all the official messages concerning the conduct of the test, and, in addition, all progress reports and instructions since the tests. During the intervals he also handled 9000 words of test messages without a single error. Commenting on the tests in a radio message received from Hartford (U.S.A.) the officials of the American Radio Relay League said:— "Reports here all call attention to the fine signals and steady waves of your stations, and compliment your operators on splendid way they handle key. The enthusiasm and interest of hundreds taking part was unbounded. The tests have undoubtedly been greatest success here since the early trans-Atlantic communication tests." Apart from the technical information gained the tests have definitely proved that amateurs can handle bulk traffic with absolute accuracy across the Pacific. QUALIFYING STATIONS. The following is a list of Australian stations that qualified in test "A," accomplishing both transmission and reception of a 500-word message (in order of merit):— Receiving and Transmitting: Special service, 2YI; general, 2TM, 2IJ, 2CG, 3EF, 3AD; special mention by A.R.R.L., 3HL, 4AN, 7DX. Transmitting only: 2CS. Receiving only: 2BK, 2GW, 2JP, 2DY, 2KW, H. C. St. John, 2JY, 2BB, 2AB, 2LM, C. D. Roberts, 3WM, 3KB, 3YN, A. H. Reid, 5KN (No. 1 Air Station, Point Cook), 3SR, A. Bingle, M. Ireson, 4DO, 6KX, 7OM, 7AB.

##### 1926 10

Watty severes his connection with Medhurst Electrical and commences with the Radio Electric Co
   Radio Notes. . . . Mr. T. Watkins, who is well known in amateur wireless circles all over Australia, has severed his connection with Messrs. Medhurst and Sons to take up a position with the Radio Electric Co. Ltd.

##### 1926 11

Watty rated in Perth as the star performer of the Eastern States stations
   AMATEUR NOTES. . . . A good number of the Eastern States gang are again down on 40, the remainder being up on 90, and carrying out reliability test No. 2, which locally has fallen very flat owing to lack of information. The star station, 7DX, is still very active. A lone New Zealander, Z1AF, was heard on 90, but any amount of foreigners can be tuned in around about 40, in the early morning or evening. The reliability of short waves for long distance communication purposes has been definitely established with the completion of a series of tests between American and Australian amateurs, according to a statement issued by the Wireless Institute of Australia. Commenting on the regularity and accuracy with which 600-word messages were passed back and forth between Australia and the United States, the report says: "These tests have definitely proved that amateurs can handle bulk traffic with absolute accuracy across the Pacific, a fact that has not until now been admitted by other than amateur wireless interests."

##### 1926 12

Watty puts on a wireless demonstration on Long Beach using a car-mounted portable wireless set for the "Come to Tasmania" carnival
   "COME TO TASMANIA". Continuation of Carnival. Spectacular Display at Long Beach. A Big Crowd Present. It is estimated that quite 15,000 people were present at Long Beach on Saturday evening, when under ideal conditions the "Come to Tasmania" carnival was advanced another stage with the most spectacular aquatic and beach display yet seen on the Derwent. When the illuminated procession of the Motor Yacht Club came around Long Point and the huge bonfire was simultaneously lighted, the whole of the beach and the surrounding promenade and grounds were one dense crowd of people, and the spectacle as the tongues of flame from the fire, leaping nearly 50 feet into the sky, lit up the thousands of faces all around, was impressive. Of all the functions organised, in connection with the "Come to Tasmania" carnival, that of Saturday evening must go down as one of the most successful, and most impressive. All who assisted in its organisation deserve the thanks of the community. Much of the success of the function was due to the joint secretaries, Messrs. G. Collis and R. F. Mullins, the latter being responsible for the arrangements in connection with the motor-boat procession. AN IDEAL EVENING. The carnival at Long Beach occupied the whole of the afternoon and evening, but a moderate sea breeze which came in under an overcast sky in the latter part of the afternoon did not add to the success of that part of the programme, and the night was by far the more successful. The evening was ideal. The sea breeze dropped with the coming of the night; there was no wind, and sky and water were an inky black which set off splendidly the illuminations of the motor-boats, the glow of the huge campfire, and the rocket displays. In the afternoon the swimming season was officially opened, and there were yacht races, diving, lifesaving displays, swimming novelties, sideshows, and a gold rush for the children. The attractions of the evening included a band concert by the IXL Band, an open-air concert by Mr. Will Gibson's troupe of versatile minstrels, a broadcast concert from 7ZL Hobart and 3LO Melbourne, a procession of illuminated motor-boats, and a huge bonfire. . . . EXCELLENT RADIO CONCERT. A little further along the beach, the Radio Electric Co. had established a portable wireless set in a motor-car, around which a large crowd listened to the latest sporting results from the mainland, interspersed with excellent results from the studio of broadcasting station 3LO. Despite the fact that only a small frame aerial, which was inside the car, was used, the programme came through — especially later in the evening — with amazing clarity. Earlier in the evening, station 7ZL broadcasted a special talk to the children, who gathered around in hundreds and enjoyed it all immensely. The wireless part of the programme was in the capable hands of Messrs. T. W. Watkins and A. Brown, of the Radio Electric Co.

#### 1927
##### 1927 03

Watty's reputation spread far beyond the Apple Isle
   The Mainland Day by Day. From Our Special Correspondents. MELBOURNE. Sunday. Radio Exhibition. Yesterday at 11 a.m. the Radio Exhibition was open to the public, and last night at 8 o'clock the Governor General (Lord Stonehaven) formally declared it open. It promises to be a great gathering of old friends on the air, besides being a happy hunting ground for those in search of something better, which is at once the bane and the joy of the wireless enthusiast. My first introduction to old friends was when the amateur section came into my ken; 3SW, and all the rest of them, are there in full force. The number of broadcasting clubs is surprising. A youth in charge of one station says that members of his club do one another's repairs. The tendency to make each set more ornamental than the next is most marked, and some truly beautiful cabinets are on view. The children were there in thousands on Saturday afternoon to see Billy Bunny. One small chap was inquiring the way to Flinders-street station. He said he had walked from Footscray, and thought his mother might be missing him. The noise of many broadcasters all going full steam ahead somewhat mitigates one's pleasure in the exhibits, but no doubt the 70 odd stallholders, all business men, will soon see that the trouble is stopped. One was asked everywhere about broadcasters in Tasmania. And, "Do you know Mr. Watkins?" was a question one was asked many times.

##### 1927 04

Watty gives evidence at the Royal Commission into Wireless promotes wireless for lighthouses and full-time watch at coastal stations
   RADIO ENQUIRY. Tasmania's Needs. AN "A" CLASS STATION. HOBART, Friday. The Royal Commission appointed by the Federal government to enquire generally into wireless conditions throughout Australia commenced the taking of evidence at Parliament House this morning. It consists of Mr. J. H. Hammond, K.C. (chairman); Sir James Elder, Mr. C. E. Crocker, and Mr. A. J. McMaster, with Mr. C. Nance as secretary. It intends to hear all the evidence forthcoming in Tasmania, and the duration of its stay here will depend upon the number of witnesses to be examined. . . . William Trevor Watkins, a Hobart experimenter, stressed the necessity for lighthouses being equipped with wireless, contending that the Hobart coastal station VIH, should keep a continuous watch to safeguard shipping and human life. The commission adjourned until 10 o'clock to-morrow morning.
As previous, a more detailed report in the Hobart Mercury
   WIRELESS ROYAL COMMISSION. The Service of 7ZL. Provision of "A" Class Station. Proposed Government Station. Criticism of the delay in equipping the Hobart broadcasting station, 7ZL, as an "A" class station, was the chief feature of the evidence given before the Federal Royal Commission on Wireless, which commenced taking evidence yesterday morning at Parliament House. The Commission, which consists of Mr. J. H. Hammond, K.C. (chairman), Sir James Elder, K.B.E., Messrs. C. E. Crocker, M.I.E. Aust., M.I.E.E., M.I.M.E., and A. J. McMaster, with Mr. C. Nance as secretary, has already examined 47 witnesses in Melbourne, and visited Tasmania next, following on representations from the Premier (Hon. J. A. Lyons). The Commission is inquiring into matters relating to wireless and to broadcasting in Australia, and is investigating the following matters:— Broadcasting stations, finance, available revenue and distribution; licences, fees, etc.; copyrights and patent royalties; programmes; scientific research; schemes of education; land and coastal wireless stations; weather forecasts; country districts and relay stations; defence, naval, military and air; police, town and country; fire prevention; lighthouses, ships' installations and radio beacons; present control and future development of wireless. Several witnesses were examined, including the secretary of the Tasmanian Branch of the Wireless Institute of Australia (Mr. P. O. Fysh), and the secretary of the Listeners' League (Mr. E. S. Howard). The interests of Tasmanian Broadcasters Proprietary Ltd. (7ZL) were watched by Mr. Donald McDonald, the managing director, and Mr. Howard represented the Listeners' League. Philip Oakley Fysh, of Launceston, said he had held listening and transmitting licences since June, 1925. During that period he had changed his sets often. He now had a four-valve set. He got all stations on the mainland, with the exception of 6WF Perth. He did not get Hobart at all. He could get 4QG well, better than 3LO, in which the fading, was bad. 2BL and 2FC faded slightly, but not nearly so much as Melbourne, which was about 200 miles by air line from Launceston. With regard to programmes from 3LO, 2BL, and 2FC, they were excellent, and, he believed listeners generally were very pleased with them. They were of uniform quality. The transmitting power of 7ZL, Hobart, he believed, was 250 watts. He could not get Hobart. WAVE LENGTHS FOR AMATEURS. The Wireless Institute, which was a Federal body, with divisions in each State, had a membership of 300 experimenters, of whom 33 were in Tasmania. The Tasmanian division was gradually acquiring a scientific laboratory. Since the Tasmanian division was formed they had kept records of the communications made with members in the other countries of the world. They were not only communicating with every continent, but with every country. That was done chiefly on short waves — a 32 metres band. Amateurs claimed to have developed the shortwave service. The greater part of the international work was done on 32 or 33 metre wave lengths, but amateurs were gradually being pushed off the short waves. At the second convention of the Wireless Institute in 1925 a request had been made to the Postmaster-General that the wave lengths to be allotted to amateurs should be:— 250 to 125 metres, 95 to 85, 37 to 32, 23 to 21, 10 to 8, 5 to 4, 2.5 to 2, and below the metre. That suggestion was tentatively adopted, and remained in force until about September, 1926, when some very drastic alterations were made. Instead of having a band of five metres between 32 metres and 37, they were now allowed only two bands of one metre each, 32-33 and 36-37. The intermediate lengths were used by the Defence Department. The Institute was now asking for the permanent allotment to amateurs of the following wave lengths:— 200 metres to 120, 66 to 60, 33 to 30, 22 to 20, 16.5 to 15, and below 10 metres. At the present time they were in the uncertain position of not knowing exactly where they were. They considered they should have a permanent band allotted to them on the wave lengths he suggested. Now amateurs had only two metres in separate bands. The 36-37 band was largely occupied by Government stations on the other side of the world, mostly in America, and that caused a tremendous amount of interference. There was, therefore, really only the one band, 32-33 metres, that was any use to them. They were asking for the use of the three metres, between 30 and 33. One Tasmanian station, 7DX, was doing very good work in making tests and observations. The owner, Mr. Trevor Watkins, was endeavouring to discover what effect different seasons had on communication. To do that, it was necessary to be on a fixed wave length, and they asked for such fixed lengths. . . . WIRELESS ON LIGHTHOUSES. William Trevor Watkins, of Warwick-street, Hobart, holder of an experimental licence, gave evidence stressing the need for proper communication being maintained between the lighthouses on the Tasmanian coast and the Government station at Hobart. He related briefly the wreck of the Karamu at South Cape in 1925. The Kekerangu, he said, tried to get in touch with the station at Hobart, but it had closed down, and instructions to the vessel could not be issued. He also referred to the tragedy which occurred at Tasman Island last month, when one man was killed and another severely injured when a crane collapsed. Had the lighthouse been equipped with a transmitting set, those in charge could have immediately get into touch with the Hobart station, and the task of caring for the injured man, and making arrangements for his removal, would have been expedited considerably. At a few minutes after 5 o'clock the Commission adjourned until 10 a.m. today.
Watty recalled to give further evidence at the Wireless Royal Commission, notes howling problem and need for examination of radio dealers
   THE WIRELESS ROYAL COMMISSION. The Affairs of 7ZL. Policy for Future Development. Intentions of the State Government. Evidence Concluded. The Federal Royal Commission, charged with the investigation of Australia's wireless problems, concluded the taking of evidence in Tasmania yesterday, and adjourned until April 11 in Perth. The most important witness examined yesterday was Mr. Donald Macdonald, managing director of Tasmanian Broadcasters Pty. Ltd. (7ZL), who outlined the position and policy of the company, and expressed his opinion on many radio questions referred to him. Mr. A. W. Brown, who represented the Listeners' League, informed the Commission that the State Attorney-General (Hon. A. G. Ogilvie, K.C.) had asked him to intimate that the Premier (Hon. J. A. Lyons) would furnish the Commission with a declaration of the intention of the Government as regarded a Government station, and the chairman said that the declaration would be accepted as evidence. The Commission, which consists of Mr. J. H. Hammond, K.C. (chairman), Sir James Elder, K.B.E., Messrs. C. E. Crocker, M.I.E. Aust., M.I.E.E., M.I.M.E., and A. J. McMaster, with Mr. C. Nance as secretary, is inquiring into matters relating to wireless and to broadcasting in Australia, and is investigating the following matters: Broadcasting stations, finance, available revenue and distribution; licences, fees, etc.; copyrights and patent royalties; programmes; scientific research; schemes of education; land and coastal wireless stations; weather forecasts; country districts, and relay stations; defence, naval, military and air; police, town and country; fire prevention; lighthouses, ships' installations and radio beacons; present control and future development of wireless. The interests of Tasmanian Broadcasters' Proprietary Ltd. (7ZL) were watched by Mr. Donald Macdonald, and Mr. A. W. Brown represented the Listeners' League. . . . W. T. Watkins, recalled, said that much of the oscillation trouble could be attributed to the indiscriminate issue of licences. They should be issued only to bona-fide traders, and an appropriate examination could be set by the radio inspector. Mr. Brown: We also suggest that circuits should be censored before publication in wireless periodicals.
Watty hears amateur broadcast in USA of Australian Industrial Mission
   THE INDUSTRIAL MISSION. Piecework and High Wages. Workers and Employers. Spirit of Co-operation. Hobartian Hears Mission's Speech. SCHENECTADY, April 8. Members of the Australian Industrial Mission broadcasted at 5.30 o'clock this morning from Mr. William Jackson's radio amateur station 2AHM, Schenectady, and the news was picked up by Mr. W. T. Watkins, of Hobart, Tasmania, who reported in a test message that he had heard every word. It was a fine business, loud and clear, and good speech from all. He could even hear the microphone rustle. Mr. H. E. Guy (Vic.) said he believed Australian employers and employees would adopt those principles which the mission had discovered, making for the contentment and happiness of the American workers. America had developed efficiency into a science, and Australia must pay more attention to scientific research. The Americans had granted every facility to inspect any plants the mission desired. Mr. J. G. Valentine (Queensland) said that, in view of the hostility displayed toward employees' members before the mission left Australia, and threats to prevail upon the American Federation of Labour to refuse recognition, Australians would be interested to learn that in the United States labour bodies had declined to extend the hand of welcome and good-fellowship. Many things were to be learned from America. Some methods should be adopted, but others must be avoided. Unions generally believed in encouraging higher production and efficiency. The mission continued its investigation, the plant of the General Electric Company being inspected, members being amazed at the development of the research laboratories, including a talking and singing cinematographs film thrown on a screen by a beam of light projected through sound. . . .
As previous, different report
   INDUSTRIAL TOUR. GAINING ADVICE FROM AMERICA. Inquiries Continued. SCHENECTADY (N.Y.), Friday Night.— Five minutes after four of the members of the Australian mission broadcasted at 5.30 this morning Mr William Jackson, a radio amateur, of station 2AHM, Schenectady, picked up Mr W. T. Watkins, of Hobart, Tas., who reported that in the last message he heard every word from W.C.Y. It was a fine business, he said, loud and clear, with good speech from all. He could even hear the microphone rustle. Mr Guy said he believed the Australian employers would adopt those principles which the mission discovered had made for the contentment and happiness of the American workers. America had developed efficiency into a science. Australia must pay more attention to scientific research. Americans had granted members every facility to inspect any plants the mission desired to visit.

##### 1927 07

Watty to attend next meeting of Wireless Listeners' League to answer questions
   WIRELESS LISTENERS' LEAGUE. The usual monthly meeting of the Wireless Listeners' League was held at the Radio Research Club rooms on Tuesday evening last. There were 46 members present, 20 new members being enrolled at the meeting. Satisfaction was expressed by members on the fact that the crackling noises from station 7ZL had been eliminated, for which the league was indebted to one of its members, Mr. Wise, for suggestions that eventually located the cause of the trouble. The hon. secretary, Mr. E. S. Howard, through stress of work and business reasons, tendered his resignation. Mr. N. A. Skinner was unanimously elected in his stead, with Mr. Rudolph Buring as assistant hon. secretary. It was decided to issue certificates to licensed radio dealers, indicating that they were members of the league. At the conclusion of the general business a lecture on the care and maintenance of the accumulator was delivered by Mr. N. A. Skinner. Members present were unanimous in their view that their knowledge of the "A" battery had been greatly extended as a result of the lecture. It is the intention of the league to continue lectures of this description monthly, and members are requested to forward suggestions on the subjects that they would like discussed. A portion of the next monthly meeting, which is held on the second Tuesday in every month, will be set apart for the purpose of asking questions. Mr. T. Watkins has consented to be present, and will answer any questions.

##### 1927 08

Watty attends annual meeting of WIA Tas at Launceston appointed to executive council, tops the list for international radio relay competition
   RADIO INSTITUTE. THE ANNUAL MEETING. The annual meeting and dinner of the Tasmanian division of the Wireless Institute of Australia was held at the Albert Hall on the final night of the radio and electrical exhibition, on Saturday. The gathering included several Southern visitors. The president (Mr W. Judd) was in the chair. In moving the adoption of the report and balance sheet, Mr Judd said that the very fact of the amateur experimentalists getting into touch with people in other parts of the world was going to have a very good effect. Wireless was going to be a very important factor in international peace because the young men of different countries were going to know each other much better. So far as the Institute was concerned they had a fine and capable secretary in Mr P. Fysh who, Mr Judd felt sure, was going to make the Tasmanian division worthy of the name. The young members of it, he remarked, had met at the various lectures to discuss very solid subjects. Mr Judd explained that he had been filling the office of president more as a stopgap and it had been impossible for him to attend the meetings owing to his other duties. He expressed his best wishes for the future of the Institute, and the hope that it would take a proud part in the development of Australia. Mr Fysh proposed the toast of "Our guests." In responding, Mr G. Collins, of the Hobart Radio and Research Club, said that the wireless organisations in Tasmania had achieved at least something in regard to which other bodies might well emulate their example. That was that they had avoided a North v. South feeling among radio enthusiasts. In fact it was difficult to imagine wireless people throughout the world opposed to each other in any conflict. They had been free with their discoveries and assisted and entertained each other. Mr Judd: That's the kind of thing that is going to help stop war. Mr Collins said there was a radio understanding throughout the world and such an understanding wanted spreading in other directions, especially in Tasmania, for when it did Tasmania would progress. The speaker paid a tribute to the efforts of the Institute's secretary. They in the South deeply appreciated what Mr Fysh was doing for radio in Tasmania. It would not be possible for a better feeling between North and South to exist. Mr F. W. Medhurst, of Hobart, G. McElwee, assistant City Electrical Engineer, and Mr D. V. Allen, principal of the Launceston Technical School, also responded. Mr Judd asked the visitors to convey to their club fraternal greetings from the institute. Mr. T. K. Jebb was elected president, and the following were appointed to the executive council: Messrs. L. J. Crooks, C. Scott, W. T. Watkins, F. W. Medhurst , T. K. Jebb, M. A. Hope and P. Fysh. The annual report of the council stated that the division had steadily progressed. Regular monthly meetings had been held with the exception of the period when the secretary was absent in Sydney for the third annual convention of the institute in September. The interest shown by members had been very gratifying on the whole, but they would like to see more interest shown by the association and student members. The membership of the division had steadily increased, 13 new members having joined during the year, seven full members, two associate and four student members. There had been resignations. Thanks was expressed to all who had provided monthly lectures during the year, especially to Messrs. G. McElwee, T. K. Jebb and A. S. Mackay who had, with considerable expenditure of time, and energy given members such interesting and instructive talks. In November last the division entered into an agreement with the Bank of Australasia for the renting of a room at their premises for use as a meeting and reading room. The interest shown by members in the technical books and papers in the library had been most gratifying. Thanks was expressed to those who had made available books and papers for this purpose. In March last some of the members conducted the radio control of Henley-on-Tamar for the fourth time in succession. Duplex telephony was successfully carried out on a wave length of approximately 200 metres. In September last the secretary as Tasmanian delegate, attended the annual convention in Sydney. Much important work was dealt with and the Federal council was left with a strenuous year's work ahead of it. In July of the period under review the division was instrumental in bringing about Launceston's first wireless and electrical exhibition, which was a pronounced success financially and otherwise. In connection with the Inter-State traffic tests organised by the N.S.W. division, it was pleasing to report that the prize offered by the Tasmanian council for the station gaining the highest marks had been awarded to Mr L. A. Hope (7LA), who topped the list with a total or 162 messages, equally some 2000 marks. Evidence on behalf of the Institute generally was given by the secretary before the Royal Commission on wireless at Hobart in April last. While it was yet too soon to say what the outcome of the inquiry would be, it was to be hoped that the result would be beneficial to the whole of the wireless interests in the Commonwealth. In the recent international relay party organised by A.R.R.L., several of the members were successful in receiving and transmitting a number of the test messages though the experience of the Northern stations was that the number of U.S.A. stations in the party was limited. The palm for the 7th District went to Mr Trevor Watkins (7DX), who topped the list with a total of 12 messages received and transmitted. The report concluded with the observation that active and prosperous though the past year had been, the council looked forward confidently to an even greater activity and prosperity during the coming 12 months.
Watty attends a meeting convened by Hobart Radio Research Club to discuss proposed radio exhibition
   WIRELESS ACTIVITIES. PROPOSED EXHIBITIONS. MEETING IN HOBART. Convened by the Hobart Radio Research Club, a meeting of all interested in a proposal for the holding of a radio and electrical exhibition in the near future was held at the club's rooms last night, presided over by Mr. W. E. Masters, vice-president. Those present included representatives of the Listeners' League and various electrical trading firms. There was a more or less heated discussion in regard to the forthcoming Great Radio Exposition, and the attitude taken by the various bodies concerned. Mr. F. W. Medhurst, president of the Research Club, said that, following the success of the recent Launceston exhibition, the organisations were considering the advisability of holding one in the capital when they received intimation of a forthcoming exposition that was to be supported by both organisations. He knew that the matter had never been put to the club or the league, and this was the cause of all the trouble since the promoters of the exposition had used the names of the organisations without authority. Mr. R. Paton, on behalf of the promoters of the exposition, explained their position. He had, he said, after the success of the panatrope concerts, decided, with the assistance of other firms, to hold a combined radio and panatrope exhibition. He mentioned the matter to various members of the club and league, and they promised him their support. Consequently the promoters went on with their scheme, engaged the hall, advertised, and made all arrangements, even to contracting with a secretary and booking space for exhibits, under the impression that they had the support of those organisations. He did not see how they could with-draw now that they had gone so far, even to the extent of varying the date. TWO EXHIBITIONS PROPOSED. Mr. T. Watkins, for the amateur transmitters, suggested that the exposition should be made purely a radio show, and that a bigger radio and electrical exhibition could be held at a more suitable time. Those interested in radio alone could surely get together sufficient material to make a first-rate exhibition of wireless alone before the opening date of the exposition. As a wireless enthusiast he felt it his duty to support any move for the advantage of the science. Mr. L. Lovett, one of the exposition party, gave it as his opinion that Mr. Watkin's suggestion was the only way out of the difficulty — that the exposition, which could not now be cancelled, should be made a purely radio exhibition, and that to suit the other traders a bigger exhibition of both radio and electrical apparatus should be held about Christmas time. Mr. G. Collis reiterated Mr. Medhurst's statements as to the origin of the misunderstanding. "Let us be fair," he said, "and though we cannot, after taking up the attitude we have, support the exposition officially, let us do our bit individually to help along the cause by giving them a hand. It seems that they have gone too far to withdraw now." Mr. Collis proposed the following motion:— That the Radio Research Club and the Listeners' League with representatives from the traders proceed with the organisation of an exhibition in the City-hall in October next, and that from these bodies an exhibition committee be formed of the president, secretary, and one member of each body, with three representatives of the traders, that they elect a chairman and secretary, and that the bodies give them a free hand and fully support them in all their actions. The motion was carried unanimously. Mr. P. G. Wise moved that the meeting adjourn for a week to allow the various organisations concerned to appoint their representatives on the committee. This was agreed to, Mr. R. Jackson undertaking to invite representatives of the radio dealers to meet those of the electrical dealers for the purpose. The meeting closed with a vote of thanks to the chairman.

##### 1927 09

Final report of the Royal Commission on Wireless acknowledges Watty as witness, recommends points promoted by him
   WIRELESS INQUIRY. Report by Commission. Summary of Recommendations. Control of Broadcasting Stations Should Remain With Postmaster-General. The report of the Commission appointed by the Commonwealth Government in January to inquire into wireless broadcasting within the Commonwealth in all its aspects was made available yesterday. The Commission, which consisted of Mr. J. H. Hammond, K.C. (chairman), Sir J. A. M. Elder, K.B.E., and Messrs. C. E. Crocker and A. J. B. McMaster, assembled in Melbourne on February 5, and decided to take evidence in each of the capital cities. The public inquiry was opened in Melbourne on March 8, and sat at Hobart as well as at other capital centres. Witnesses were examined from all parts of the Commonwealth, and the views of country listeners were ascertained. The terms of reference were: To inquire into and report upon — (1) Wireless broadcasting within the Commonwealth in all its aspects, making recommendations as to any alterations deemed desirable in the policy and practices at present in force; (2) The development and utilisation of wireless services for public requirements within the Commonwealth. The Tasmanian witnesses were — Messrs. E. J. G. Bowden (Postmaster General's Department, Hobart), L. Brolnowski (associate editor of "The Mercury"), A. W. Brown (assistant secretary Listeners' League, Hobart), G. A. Collis (Radio Research Club, Hobart), L. G. Ferguson (Sandy Bay), P. O. Fysh (Wireless Institute of Australia, Tasmanian division), E. S. Howard (secretary Wireless Listeners' League), W. Laird-Smith (Wireless Club, Burnie), S. F. H. Laws (manager Tasmanian Broadcasters Pty. Ltd., 7ZL), D. Macdonald (managing director Tasmanian Broadcasters Ltd., Hobart, 7ZL), B. A. McCann (secretary Musicians' Union, Hobart), F. M. (sic, F. W.) Medhurst, P. A. Medhurst, and W. T. Watkins (Hobart), and Max Whitelaw (Ross Sea Whaling Expedition, Hobart). SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS. The recommendations of the Commission are summarised as follows:— BROADCASTING AND RELAY STATIONS.
   * (1) That the control of broadcasting stations should remain in the hands of the Postmaster-General, as at present, subject to the administration by an Australian Wireless Committee as hereinafter recommended, and to the following further recommendations.
   * (2) That the Postmaster-General should issue no further "A" class licences until he is satisfied that the available revenue and the need of a satisfactory service justify such issue.
   * (3) That the revenue derived from listeners' licence fees throughout the Commonwealth should be pooled and distributed as follows:— (a) Deduct therefrom the Postmaster-General's proportion to cover the cost of administration and departmental research; (b) pay to each "A" class station thereout the amount of £5,000 towards working expenses; (c) distribute the balance of the available revenue amongst the "A" class stations under and in accordance with the present regulations.
   * (4) That the co-operation of the stations to effect interchange and improvement of programmes and more equitable distribution of revenue subject to strict control by the Australian Wireless Committee to secure efficient service to the public should be encouraged.
   * (5) That the Australian Wireless Committee should deal with applications for licences for relay stations on their merits, and the Commission does not recommend any obstruction being placed in the way of such proposals, and land lines should be made available at the lowest possible rental.
   * (6) That until further research has been made into the relative merits of higher-power stations and relay stations, licences for the former should not be granted. That research to determine this question should be put in hand as rapidly as possible.
   * (7) That a reallocation of wave lengths be made immediately within the present wave bands.
   * (8) That the location of all existing broadcasting stations should be reviewed before the expiration of the existing licences, and that it be referred to the Australian Wireless Committee to determine in each State the most suitable location for present and future broadcasting stations. In determining the position, the evidence of Electrical Commander Cresswell, and of Messrs Fisk and Beard, as to the grouping of stations, should be given serious consideration, and the Defence Department should, in every case, be consulted.
   * (9) That the provisions of Regulation 47 (under the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1905-1914) should be rigidly adhered to and enforced.
   * (10) That regulations should be framed restricting the advertising rights of "A" class stations, especially where "B" class stations are operating.
   * (11) That regulations should be framed requiring all "A" class broadcasting stations to submit balance-sheets and accounts to the Postmaster-General for submission by him to the Auditor-General.
   * (12) That "B" class stations should be limited to a transmitting power that will not seriously interfere with transmission from "A" class stations, and that the Australian Wireless Committee should immediately proceed to fix a maximum power for "B" class stations.
   * (13) That the number of "B" class stations should be strictly limited in proportion to the population in the area in the vicinity of the proposed sites.
   * (14) That all broadcasting stations should be given clearly to understand that they have no vested right to the renewal of licences at the expiration of existing licences. . . .

##### 1927 10

Watty provides technical advice to customers of W. H. Knight & Peter Bros. Pty. Ltd. for the Radio and Electrical Exhibition
   W. H. Knight & Peter Bros. Pty. Ltd. Invite you to attend their Radio and Electrical Demonstrations at the Electrical Exposition, and inspect the Miracles of Scientific Development. HOT WATER! In Bathroom — Kitchen, made possible with TRITON Hot Water Systems. See Them Demonstrated. ANNOUNCEMENT. We take pleasure in announcing that we have obtained the exclusive services of Mr. Trevor Watkins, the prominent Radio Experimenter, and he will be at the service of anyone desiring technical information. FREE. "OUR GOODS ARE BETTER." FARMERS — FRUIT GROWERS! Don't be without this Commodity. CROSSLEY 2-Valve Set, Loud Speaker Reception within 100 miles of Station. Headphone Reception of All Australian Stations Guaranteed. ABSOLUTELY COMPLETE. £5/10/. W. H. Knight & Peter Bros. Pty. Ltd. 85 Collins Street, Hobart, and at Launceston, Devonport.

##### 1927 11

Watty represents WIA Tas at WIA Federal Convention, offers to pass representation on IARU to federal body
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. FOURTH FEDERAL CONVENTION. The fourth annual convention of the Wireless Institute of Australia, which began at Lady Colton Hall, Hindmarsh-square, on Tuesday, was continued yesterday. Mr. Bruce Hardie (3YX), chairman, presided. The delegates present were:—Messrs. Hardie (Victoria, and proxy for Queensland), T. Watkins (7DX, Tasmania), M. Howden (3BQ, proxy Western Australia), H. Kauper (5BG, proxy New South Wales), H. Austin (5BN, South Australia), L. Sawford (5LF, South Australia), and A. Cotton secretary). A message was received from Mr. P. Renshaw (Federal president), regretting his inability to be present. The International Amateur Radio Union, which is established in Tasmania was discussed, and it was reported that the Tasmanian division was wiling to transfer the control to the Federal executive of the Wireless Institute. In connection with the findings of the Wireless Commission the convention noted with approval that reference was made to the allocation of wavebands, the question of traffic concessions, and the representations of the Australian Wireless Committee. On the subject of amateur broadcasting and interference it was suggested that a scheme should be formulated under which the States would control the wave lengths of amateur stations within their respective bands. It was recommended that all States should establish official stations with definite wave lengths to facilitate inter-State communications, each State to advise the others of the hours that it transmitted items of interest as propaganda, and to transmit signals at standard frequency. It was decided that the Federal executive be located in Melbourne instead of in Sydney. Today, at noon, the delegates will be tendered a civic reception by the Lord Mayor (Sir Wallace Bruce). On Saturday evening the dinner of the convention will be held in the Cathedral Hotel, and the following day the members will be taken on a motor tour to Victor Harbour. Mr. H. Kauper (chief engineer of 5CL) will address a meeting at Sacred Heart College on Monday, and visits of inspection to the engineering departments of the University, the Adelaide Electric Supply Company, and the South Australian railways will be made.
Watty appears in a delegation photo for WIA conference in Adelaide Advertiser
   (Start Photo Caption) WIRELESS CONVENTION. CIVIC RECEPTION TO DELEGATES. The delegates attending the Convention of the Wireless Institute of Australia were yesterday accorded a civic reception by the Lord Mayor (Sir Wallace Bruce). The delegates are:— Back row (from left to right):— Messrs. D. R. Whitburn (5BY, South Australian Council), J. Vardon (5OM, hon. treasurer, South Australian Division), Max Howden (3BA (sic, 3BQ), proxy Western Australia), K. W. Harrington (radio inspector), Trevor Watkins (7DK, sic 7DX), delegate Tasmania). Sitting.— Messrs. Bruce Hardie (3YX, chairman of Convention, delegate Victoria, and proxy for Queensland), H. L. Austin (5BN, South Australia), R. B. Caldwell (5BP, president, South Australia), A. A. Cotton (5HY, secretary), Harry Kauper (5BG, proxy N.S.W.). Krischock, Photo. (End Photo Caption)
Watty attends WIA annual conference in Adelaide as Tasmanian delegate and gives speech at banquet
   WIRELESS AMATEURS. Official Convention Dinner. The delegates attending the interstate convention of the Wireless Institute of Australia, foregathered with their friends at the Cathedral Hotel, North Adelaide, on Saturday evening, for a dinner which was arranged by the South Australian division of the institute. The President (Mr. R. B. Caldwell) occupied the chair, and there was a good attendance. After a splendid repast, the loyal toast was honoured. The Chairman proposed the health of Mr. H. Corpe (Patron). He referred to the efforts of Mr. Corpe in initiating a movement to provide entertainment for the soldier inmates at the Bedford Park institution, and as a result a fine receiving and transmitting wireless set was installed. About £2,000 was secured as a result of the movement. What Mr. Corpe had done in behalf of soldiers was characteristic of the efforts he had made for the advancements of wireless enterprise generally. The toast was cordially received. "The institute" was submitted by Mr. H. W. Harrington (radio inspector). He said the foundation of the institute was laid in Sydney in 1912. Since the war it had made remarkable progress. In South Australia the officers in charge of the work had done a great deal toward furthering the interests of the institute. They had some of the most noted experimenters, in the world, one of whom was Mr. Harry Kauper. So long as their relations with the Postmaster-General's Department existed as at present they had every reason to hope for a successful future. They had received the assistance of a large army of experimenters in Australia, and they would continue to grant amateurs all the privileges they possibly could. In South Australia they had examined 65 candidates, only three of whom had failed to obtain their certificate. (Applause.) The sentiment was honoured. In responding, Mr. Bruce Hardy (Victoria) indicated different directions in which the institute was exerting an influence in the community. The Postal Department in Victoria had always received their requests courteously and done its best to assist them. That also applied to the radio inspector. They were up against commercial interests in certain respects, but they had every hope for a bright future for amateurs. Mr. C. R. Churchward (South Australia) proposed "The visitors." He was pleased with the good work which had been done during their convention. He congratulated Victoria on their 200 metres 'phone transmission, which was excellent. Nobody, in South Australia had undertaken that class of work although they were allowed to transmit for experimental purposes. Many keen radio men were unable to listen-in because of the lack of proper facilities. They knew most of the operators over the wireless, if not personally. The toast was drunk. Mr. Max Howard (Victoria) responded. The visiting delegates had had a pleasant time in Adelaide. The wireless stations were better than the average Victorian stations, in neatness and simplicity. "The South Australian division" was toasted at the instance of Mr. Trevor Watkins (Tasmania). They had had a good time over the air from South Australia, which they regarded as one of the leading States in wireless. They had a call sign, which did not exist in any other organization. When the institute met in Tasmania they would endeavour to reciprocate the kindness that they had received in South Australia. The visiting delegates duly honoured the toast. Mr. Caldwell responded. It was gratifying to know that the visitors had enjoyed themselves in that State. Referring to broadcasting by amateurs, there was nothing to prevent them from experimenting at any hour, so long as they did it from their own homes. During his term of office he had been in personal touch with nearly every wireless operator in the State. Among the enthusiastic workers he mentioned Messrs. Barker, Barber, and Buckerfield. Mr. H. Kauper gave "Affiliated clubs." He hoped the good work which had been done by those clubs would continue. The amateur movement was becoming a very important factor. If, under the Washington Conference resolution they had their working bands of 15 to 50 metres reduced below 15 in favour of commercial organizations, they would still make a success of their operations. The toast was well received. Mr. Roy Buckerfield responded. He had watched with interest the growth of suburban clubs, which had done excellent work. He thanked the institute for the kindness which it had extended to the clubs. Mr. J. E. Vardon (hon. treasurer) proposed the toast of "The press," which, he said, had rendered considerable help to them in their work. The health of Mr. Harrington was drunk at the instance of Mr. A. A. Cotton (hon. secretary), who expressed appreciation of that gentleman's courtesy and consideration. Instrumental items were given by Messrs. D. Whitburn and Vardon.
As previous, slightly different report
   RADIO BANQUET. TRIBUTES TO ADELAIDE AMATEURS. "LEAD THE COMMONWEALTH." The opinion that South Australian radio experimenters lead the Commonwealth, if not the world, was expressed by interstate delegates at the convention dinner of the Wireless Institute on Saturday night. The official proceedings of the convention of the Wireless Institute of Australia, which was held in Adelaide last week were concluded on Saturday evening with a banquet at the Cathedral Hotel. There was a large attendance, and notwithstanding the news from Washington that amateurs may be compelled to work on wave lengths not exceeding 13 metres, the utmost confidence was expressed in the future of the amateur movement. Mr. R. B. Caldwell (president of the South Australian Division) occupied the chair, other officers of the council present being Messrs. C. R. Churchward (vice-president), H. L. Austin (vice-president), A. A. Cotton (secretary), D. Whitburn (assistant secretary), J. E. Vardon (treasurer), and H. Kauper (committee). The guests included Messrs. H. W. Harrington (Radio Inspector), Max Howden (3BQ, Victoria), Trevor Watkins (7DX, Tasmania), and Bruce Hardie (3YX, Victoria). In proposing the toast of "The Wireless Institute," Mr. H. W. Harrington recalled its formation in Challis House, Sydney, in 1912. The institute was not so popular with amateurs in those days as it was now, and during the war its membership dwindled, but after the war it took on a new lease of life, and had made great progress ever since. The division in South Australia owed a lot to a few old "stickers," who had kept things together. He had visited a number of amateur stations in this State, and all the operators showed a clear knowledge of the science. As a matter of fact, in South Australia they had some of the world's leading experimenters. References to Mr. Harry Kauper (5BG) appeared in practically every international periodical, as he seemed to speak to every corner of the earth. There were many others besides who were noted abroad. The department was sympathetic to the institute, which had never refused to render the officials all the assistance it could. Speaking for Mr. Malone (the Wireless Controller), and himself, the department would always be ready to reciprocate and grant whatever privileges it could, compatible with international law. Mr. Harrington mentioned that out of 65 candidates for the amateur operator's proficiency certificate in South Australia, only three failed to pass, an average which could not be equalled in the other States. Mr. Bruce Hardie, in reply, emphasised the happy relations between the Victorian branch and Mr. Malone. It spoke well for their co-operative spirit when it was pointed out that all complaints of interference had been cured without the department having to take action officially. During the convention many matters were brought up that would be referred to the controller, from whom they anticipated a fair hearing. It was not the department's fault if amateurs were pushed off the 15 to 50 metres band, which they had pioneered. It was a case where the amateur was up against commercial interests. Efficient transmitting could be done on 15 metres and less. That was why it was left to the amateurs. (Laughter.) Mr. C. B. Churchward submitted "The Visitors," who, he said, made up in enthusiasm for what they lacked in numbers. Referring to the Victorian amateurs, Mr. Churchward called attention to the large number who came in on 200 metres with music and speech after broadcasting hours. They sent over splendid programmes at midnight and after, particularly 3CH (Mr. Burchell of Kerang). He did not know what regulations they did it under, and hoped South Australians would be permitted to do the same thing. Replying for Victoria Mr. Max Howden reminded members that the next conference would be in Victoria three years hence. He did not think they could show them amateur stations as good as those in South Australia, as the latter were far and away superior in neatness and efficiency. Mr. Trevor Watkins (Tasmania) said all the signals from South Australia came into the island with a "bang." They looked upon the South Australian division as one of the leading divisions of Australia, if not of the world. The Radio Inspector, replying to Mr. Churchward, said there was nothing to prevent the amateur broadcasting at night out of A class broadcast hours, including music, so long as the transmissions were from their homes, and not from public halls. The chairman said the wireless fraternity were a class to themselves, and really above ordinary scientists. He had personal knowledge of practically every amateur in the State, and supported Mr. Harrington's tribute to Mr. Kauper, adding that Messrs. R. M. Barker, W. H. Barber, and R. Buckerfield were close on his heels. Mr. H. A. Kauper paid a tribute to the affiliated amateur clubs, which were doing good work in giving beginners an opportunity to learn the code and pick up some knowledge of transmitting gear. The time was coming when the amateurs would have to do a big thing, as the 15 to 50 metres band which they favored was being cluttered up with commercial stations. If they had to move to below 15 it might be the best thing possible, as the amateur was bound to come out on top in the long run. They might expect, however, that when, say, 10 metres had been proved workable, the commercials would come in again and annex that wave length, and so with five metres and one. Where it was going to finish he did not know, but he felt certain it was for their own good, as nothing was clearer than that they had reached the limit of experiment on 30 metres. Mr. R. Buckerfield responded, and urged the formation of an organisation on the lines of the American Radio Relay League, in which every club would have an equal say. He thanked the South Australian division for all it had done for the clubs, especially in arranging lectures. Responding to the toast of his health, Mr. H. W. Harrington pointed out that the task of the radio inspectors was not always pleasant. They had varied interests to consider, such as the broadcast listener, the station licenses, the experimenter, and commercial stations. At times those interests conflicted, but he paid a tribute to the efficiency of experimenters in helping broadcast listeners by removing the cause of interference, thus making official investigations unnecessary. Musical selections were rendered by Messrs. J. Vardon and D. Whitburn. The delegates were entertained by a motor run to Victor Harbour on Sunday, and will return to the east today. In view of their departure earlier than was expected, the visit to Sacred Heart College this evening has been cancelled.

##### 1927 12
#### 1928
##### 1928 03

Wonderful detailed article on 7CW's equipment reveals that Watty experimenting with him on 5 metres
   Radio Notes. MR. WALCH'S AMATEUR STATION. HOW IT WORKS. (By "Anode.") Though he is quite a recent entrant into the field of wireless when compared with some of Tasmania's experimenters, Mr. C. Walch, who operates amateur station OA. 7CW, may be said to be the most successful, particularly when his performance of winning the championship of Australia in the International Wireless tests is taken into consideration. Short mention was made of this work in Radio Notes recently, and need not be re-detailed here, but for the benefit of other wireless experimenters I will add a short description of his apparatus. In December of 1926, Mr. Walch changed his transmitter over to what was then a new fangled idea — crystal control, and at that time very few stations in Australia employed it, though American amateurs were very keen on the idea. Mr. Walch was presented with the crystal, and it took him about eight days to rebuild his transmitter and get the new instrument working properly. The fundamental wavelength of the crystal he uses is 132.3 metres, and as the wavelength at which the transmitter actually radiates is 33.075 metres, harmonics of the original frequency generated by the crystal have to be taken and amplified in turn until the correct wave is obtained. The crystal oscillator valve, which is a UX210 tube, is supplied with 300 volts at 25 milliamperes from a B battery eliminator, and works on the fundamental wavelength of the crystal. The output from this tube drives another UX210 working on half the wavelength of the crystal fundamental (66.15 metres), and this also is supplied from the same source of high tension voltage as the crystal oscillator valve. The plate current of this valve is generally about 50 milliamperes with 60 volts negative bias applied to the grid. This valve in turn feeds the radiating valves which act again as frequency doublers. This third stage works on the radiated wave of 33.075 metres, and consists of two UX210 tubes connected in parallel and immersed in jars filled with thick transformer oil for cooling purposes. The power input to this stage is 50 watts for normal operating, and they feed the Zeppelin type of Hertz half-wave antenna, the feeder current being about 1 ampere. When telephony is used, modulation is obtained on the grid circuit of the final stage using what is called the "Telefunken" method, a system used on several of the bigger European broadcasting stations, and which has been found by Mr. Walch to give very fine results. Telephony messages have been sent to every continent in the world except South Africa, it being very difficult to get messages to the latter continent from Tasmania for some reason unexplained. Two-way telephone conservations have been carried on by Mr. Walch with the English stations GI.5NJ and GI.6MU, and single way telephone messages have been sent to England, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Ireland, Finland, India, China, Phillipine Islands, Borneo, Brazil, United States of America, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, New Zealand, and Australia. The usual wavelength of operation of this station is 33.075 metres, but for purposes of experiment, 20 metres has been given a very careful trial, and has proved successful for many purposes, some excellent results being obtained. For work on this wavelength a special tuned plate-tuned grid transmitter is used to feed a 20 metre "Zepp" aerial, although the main crystal controlled transmitter can be tuned down there. Careful research work has been carried out on five metres with a specially designed transmitter employing a shunt fed Hartley circuit, and it was found possible to exchange messages with OA. 7DX, an amateur station operated by Mr. W. T. Watkins, about three miles away, air line distance. A special ultra short wave receiver was designed and built for use with this transmitter. For use on the longer waves from 85 to 20 metres a Schnell receiving circuit is utilised with two stages of audio frequency amplification. Never more than one stage is found necessary, however, except when a loudspeaker is being used, and then the extra stage is found useful to boost the volume. The current supply system for the transmitting plant is interesting. All the transmitting valves are ht with raw alternating current from a transformer supplied from the 240 volt lighting mains. The main power supply to the plates of the valves is rectified by chemical jars, the current being efficiently filtered with a 20 Henry choke and a bank of paper condensers, with a capacity of 6 microfarads. The sending key is connected in the centre tap of the filament transformer of the final frequency changer, thus cutting off the power of the final stage only, and leaving the power connected to the crystal oscillator and the first frequency changer continuously a separate aerial is used for the receiver, so that "break in" operation works very well. The transmitting aerial is supported at one end by a 70-foot pole, and a 35-foot at the other, the direction of the aerial being N.E. by S.W., fed from the northern end. The photograph shows the main transmitter, the top panel of which holds the final stage of amplification and radiating valves. The meters are from left to right Radio frequency ammeter, filament, voltmeter, and milliamperemeter. The second panel holds the crystal oscillator and first amplified, the two meters on this panel giving an indication of the outputs of the different stages included on the panel.

##### 1928 06

Watty revealed to be participating in amateur broadcasting on shortwaves
   WIRELESS. NOTES, HINTS, AND ADVICE. (By "The DX HOUND.") AMATEUR TESTS. There in no doubt that there is plenty to interest owners of short wave receivers who do not understand the Morse code. In addition to the regular transmission of stations, PCJJ Holland, 2XAF and 2XAD America, 5SW England, JHBB Japan, and RFM Russia, there are many amateur transmitters in regular operation. On one Sunday afternoon the following stations were heard:— 7DX, 2LC, 2RC, 5DX, 4MF, and 4AB. 4AB by the way is an engineer in 4QG.

##### 1928 08

Watty and Cec liaising towards the WIA annual conference in Hobart
   RADIO CONFERENCE. The Tasmanian branch of the Wire-less Institute has preparations in hand for the Federal Wireless Conference to open on August 20. Though the branch headquarters is at Launceston, Hobart has been selected for the venue because there are more transmitters at the capital. The secretary, Mr. A. C. Scott, who operates station 7CS, is in communication with Mr. W. T. Watkins, of 7DX (Hobart) by wireless every day in the luncheon hour on institute business. They are permitted to communicate in this way but not to transact business for other people over the air. Messages are transmitted in Morse code.
Watty attends WIA annual conference as one of 4 Tasmanian delegates
   Radio Notes. . . . (By "Anode.") . . . WIRELESS INSTITUTE. The annual Federal Convention of the Wireless Institute of Australia will be held in Hobart, commencing on August 20. Delegates from the mainland, representing every State, will be present, including Messrs. Kingsley Love (3BM), Bruce Hardie (3YX), Stanley Gadsden (3SW), Douglas Whitburn (5BY), Arthur Smith (7AB), Leonard Crooks (7BQ). A representative of the "Listener In" will attend the convention for the purpose of reporting throughout Australia the proceedings of the congress. The Tasmanian section of the Institute will be represented by Messrs. P. O. Fysh (7PF), President C. Scott (7CS). Secretary F. W. Medhurst (7AH), and W. T. Watkins (7DX), councillors. A civic reception has been arranged for Monday, August 20. It is expected that business will occupy four or five days. The convention will be held in the rooms of the Hobart Radio Research Club, and the Research Club's short-wave transmitter (7HR) will be in the room in which the meetings are held, so that delegates will be able to communicate direct with their headquarters in the different States. A 32-metre wave will be used under call sign 7WI for all official business. This is the first time in Australia that such facilities have been available for the use of a conference. At the conclusion of the business of the congress a dinner will be tendered the visitors by the Tasmanian Division of the Institute.
As previous, conference commences
   RADIO CONFERENCE. Delegates From All States. Important Matters Discussed. The Question of Defence. The annual inter-State conference of the Wireless Institute of Australia was opened in the Hobart Radio Research Clubrooms yesterday, and the following delegates were present:— Messrs. H. K. Love and S. W. Gadsden (N.S.W.), B. Hardie (Vic.), C. Scott and W. T. Watkins (Tasmania), D. Whitburn (S.A.), F. W. Medhurst (proxy West Australia), A. Kissick (Queensland). The conference is dealing entirely with matters which affect the wireless amateurs of Australia, and is being held in camera. The matters discussed yesterday, according to a bulletin issued after the work for the day had been concluded, included standard frequency stations, the work of the general executive, assistance to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, defence, the prevalence of unlicensed amateur wireless transmitters, and the international allocation of wave lengths to amateurs. It was decided that the branches of the Wireless Institute in each State should operate a standard frequency station to transmit each week a wave which could be used by amateurs for calibrating their instruments. Correspondence was received from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, and it was decided that the institute should co-operate with the Council in any way possible when investigating wireless problems such as fading and atmospherics. Letters were read from the Defence Department with reference to the scheme brought forward by the institute that its members who operated amateur wireless transmitting stations should form up into a network something after the plan of the American Radio Relay League, and assist the department In the event of war or any national crisis. The department stated that the suggestion was receiving consideration. Delegates stated that there was a prevalence of illegal amateur transmitters who were becoming a menace, and it was decided that the members should be instructed to report any such offence which came under their notice. General approval was expressed at the action of the recent International Wireless Conference in recognising the value of wireless amateurs, and in allotting them definite wave lengths upon which to operate. Previously wireless amateurs had only been tolerated by their respective countries, and no provision had been made for them in international agreements. Conference will meet again today and this morning a civic reception will be tendered the delegates by the Mayor. This evening the delegates will meet members of the Listeners' League. (Start Photo Caption) WIRELESS INSTITUTE DELEGATES. Delegates and amateurs who are taking part in the annual conference of the Wireless Institute of Australia, which opened at Hobart yesterday. They are:— Back row (left to right): Messrs. S. W. Gadsden, D. Whitburn, W. T. Watkins, and A. Kissick. Front row (left to right): Mr. L. J. Crooks, Miss Cloak (stenographer), Messrs. C. Scott, H. K. Love, B. Hardie, and F. W. Medhurst. (End Photo Caption)
As previous, 7AH honours Watty for his fine work
   WIRELESS LISTENERS. LEAGUE DINNER. A dinner was tendered the visiting delegates to the Wireless Institute of Australia Federal Conference at the Hobart Fire Station last evening, and was very much enjoyed by the visitors and the delegates. Many amusing speeches were made, and the whole function was in a lighter vein. The president of the league (Mr. W. A. Woods) welcomed the delegates, and explained to them what the aims of the league were, and what work they had already done in a State which had rather been forgotten as far as a decent broadcasting service was concerned. The league, he said, had done some very good work. They had been directly instrumental in getting the Royal Commission on Wireless to visit Tasmania, and they had run a very successful wireless exhibition, which had greatly increased the public interest in wireless. The President of the Institute (Mr. H. K. Love) outlined the work of the Institute, and pointed out that it at all times had endeavoured to assist the broadcast listener. It did its best to impart to him the knowledge which it had taken them years to gather together. The Vice-President (Mr. S. Gadsden) said that there had been several listeners' leagues formed on the mainland, but that in Victoria had rather fallen through. He was pleased to see that in Tasmania there was such interest taken as to form a strong league. Mr. F. W. Medhurst drew the attention of the visiting delegates and the members of the Listeners' League to the very fine work done by Mr. W. T. Watkins, who had been one of the very foremost amateurs in the State. The secretary of the Listeners' League (Mr. N. A. Skinner) said that the league was no small affair, as there were now about 400 members, and he supported the president in pointing out the good work which the league had done for the broadcasting community. Several other speeches were made, among those proposing and responding to the toast list being Messrs. C. Scott, T. C. Simpson, W. E. Masters, and Watson, as well as the delegates representing each of the States in the conference. The toasts honoured included "The Radio Research Club," "The Wireless Institute," "The Wireless Listeners' League," "The Radio Inspector." Prior to the dinner the delegates and the members of the Listeners' League were conducted over the Hobart Fire Station by the deputy superintendent (Mr. N. A. Skinner), and were very impressed with the smartness of an emergency turnout which was staged for their benefit. TRIP TO LONGLEY. The delegates to the conference were yesterday afternoon taken through the Lower Longley district by motor-car, passing through Kingston.
Watty reported studying fading effects on propagation between Hobart and Launceston
   RADIO NOTES. (By "DX Hound") . . . WITH THE "HAMS." 7DX is very interested in fading effects between Launceston and Hobart. 7AH is busy remodelling his transmitter for use with a crystal. . . .
Watty appointed to organise schedules for exchange of WIA business by the xWI network
   WIRELESS CONFERENCE. AMATEUR TRANSMITTERS. Most of yesterday was spent by the conference of the Wireless Institute of Australia at present sitting in Hobart, in discussion of the conditions required by amateurs when the new wireless regulations are framed next February. The subject was so large that the conference had to appoint a subcommittee which will draw up a list of the requirements which will probably be submitted to the conference today. Mr. W. T. Watkins was appointed schedule organiser for Tasmania in furtherance of a decision by the conference to appoint similar officers in each State to arrange definite times for transmission on the various wavelengths. In this way it is hoped that tests both inter-State and international, will be speeded up and that no time will be spent by amateurs in listening in when there are no stations transmitting. In order that all wavelengths of amateur transmitters should be accurate it was decided that all amateur measuring instruments should be checked with a master wavemeter held in Melbourne by Mr. S. Gadsden, this wavemeter having been checked by comparison with an instrument in the possession of the Postmaster-General's Department. The delegates were invited to attend the opening of the State Parliament yesterday afternoon and today they will be tendered a luncheon by the Hobart Development League and a dinner at night by the Hobart branch of the Institute.
Watty speaks at the WIA conference luncheon
   WIRELESS CONFERENCE. DELEGATES ENTERTAINED. The conference of the Wireless Institute of Australia closed on Thursday. The business under discussion was the new international wireless regulations, drawn up at the recent conference at Washington. A committee had been appointed the previous day to deal with these regulations, and draw up a schedule of matters for discussion. This schedule was tabled on Thursday, and thoroughly thrashed out. Another matter which came up was the election of the Federal executive, and it was decided that the existing executive should be appointed for another term. DEVELOPMENT LEAGUE LUNCHEON. At midday the Hobart Development League tendered the visiting wireless delegates and the local representatives of the Wireless Institute a luncheon at the Orient Hotel. The visitors were welcomed by the president of the League (Mr. W. R. C. Jarvis), who said that the members of the League were very pleased to welcome the delegates of all the States in the Commonwealth. Tasmania had been among the foremost in the development of the fascinating science of wireless. It had now become what he called "The crystal set in the Southern Seas." Mr. H. K. Love, president of the Federal Council of the Wireless Institute of Australia, responded on behalf of the visitors. They had not been in Tasmania long enough, he said, to get more than a passing idea of what it was like, but he was certain that Tasmania should be advertised a great deal more than it was, and one of the best methods of doing this would be to take advantage of the Federal Government's policy to grant a large number of "B" class licences for broadcast stations. TELEPHONE AND THE AIR. The Navigation Act seemed to him to be hampering Tasmania very badly. He, with several other delegates, had been on an excursion round the wharves, and had been surprised to see that the depth of water right up to the shore was 64ft. In spite of this, and the wonderful harbour, there was scarcely a ship in sight. Tasmania should in some way or other be brought into closer touch with the mainland, and one of the ways that he thought that this could be done would be to have an airplane service across the strait. Mr. S. Gadsden, vice-president of the Institute Federal Executive, said that he had been in almost every State, with the exception of Tasmania, before, and the visit to this State had been a surprise to him. He was surprised to see that a great deal of bitumen was being used for roads. He had been told that there were two cement companies in Tasmania with factories of their own, and yet no attempt was being made to make cement penetration roads, which, he understood, were very cheap and very durable. Another thing which he thought was important was the provision of a wireless telephone service between Tasmania and the mainland. It was a comparatively short distance between Tasmania and the mainland, and many of the amateurs conversed with one another regularly. It should only be a small job to get a two-way wireless telephone service across this distance. Mr. E. Dwyer Gray said he was pleased to see the work these men are doing in the world of science and aviation. He called to mind the work of Captain G. A. Taylor, who was an Australian amateur like themselves, and who had invented some of the most wonderful things in use, both in connection with wireless and aviation. They were all young men, full of enthusiasm, and if they carried on, would do their own share of the work to be done. Mr. F. W. Medhurst tendered the thanks of the Institute for the luncheon which the league had given them. TRIP TO MOUNTAIN. In the afternoon the delegates were taken by motor-car to the Springs, whence they walked to the pinnacle. Many of them had never seen snow close to before, and appreciated the opportunity very greatly. SPEECHES AT DINNER. A large gathering of radio people dined at Bowtell's Cafe in the evening to bid farewell to the conference delegates. Mr. F. W. Medhurst proposed the loyal toast, and after this had been honoured, "The Institute." He pointed out the close connection between wireless and aviation. Mr. H. K. Love, responding, said that when the Great War came many of the amateurs who were experimenting joined up. In the early days Tasmania had been one of the first States with which the mainland experimenters were able to get in touch. The Tasmanian division of the institute had always been loyal to the Federal Executive and had always helped where they could. Mr. W. T. Watkins, on being requested to speak, said that the Tasmanian amateurs had always been in favour of action rather than talk. Proposing the toast of the Postmaster General's Department, Mr. S. Gadsden explained how the department had always helped the experimenters where it could. He explained how the international conference at Washington had at last recognised the amateur and had given him certain wave bands on which to transmit. It was the intention of the amateurs to fight until they were permitted to transmit at any time on these bands. Mr. E. J. G. Bowden, on behalf of the department, outlined in humorous vein some of the early experiments which had been conducted in Tasmania. The State Engineer, Mr. G. J. Braithwaite, also responded on behalf of the department. The speeches were broadcast by 7ZL.
Watty co-ordinating Tasmanian efforts in the 10 metre tests
   Radio Notes. THE TEN METRE TESTS. HOPES FOR SUCCESS. (By "Anode.") With the idea of exploring the possibilities of the ultra short waves, an All-Australia amateur test is to be conducted each Sunday for several weeks. It is hoped by this test to discover if it is possible to get in touch with the capital cities in each of the other States on ten metres. The following commentary by a New South Wales amateur who will take part in this test is of interest: "The ten metre wave length, and still lower bands, will eventually be found to be more suitable for wireless requirements than the commercial band of wave lengths in use at present. The ultimate object of the experiments is to achieve a 10-metre communication with the United States of America, when it is anticipated that that particular wave length will be found to be far more suitable for wireless requirements than the commercial band of wave lengths. Signor Marconi is experimenting on similar lines, and also on the 5-metre wave length. "It was not generally known that the Wireless Institute had already conducted certain experimental work on five metres, and had successfully held communication with Melbourne, and transmitted telephony and music across Sydney Harbour without any vestige of distortion. In institute circles developments were expected as the result of the exploitation of the lower wave length bands. The difference between 300 and 600 metres, was only 500,000 cycles, while the difference between five metres and 10 metres was in the vicinity of 32,000,000 cycles. When those facts were noted the enormous scope that existed for the insertion of stations on the lower wave band without interference or overlapping was realised. "In addition to the fact that interference and overlapping could be eliminated, there was the advantage that transmitters and receivers could be manufactured to work on those lower wave lengths for one-tenth the cost of the average broadcast receiver today. The actual cost of the short wave transmitter would be one-tenth of the cost of the transmitters at present in use for broadcasting, and the transmitters would give sufficient power to circle the globe for everybody to hear each station. But while any difficulty in regard to receiving from overseas would be obviated, such a state of affairs would no doubt cause some new problems to arise in regard to the satisfactory arrangement of stations on account of the enormous cycle range that could be covered by a few metres, and, as far as was known at present, the limited width of the receiver over the cycle band." TASMANIAN ARRANGEMENTS. According to a schedule received by wireless from a mainland amateur by Mr. W. T. Watkins, of 7DX, the test is to start at noon next Sunday, and continue until 1 p.m., the amateurs of each State being allowed to transmit for a quarter of an hour. The times have been arranged so that while one State is transmitting the amateurs in all the other States will be listening. By this means it is likely that the listeners in the different States will have very little difficulty in picking up the waves of the other stations if they are at all audible. Tests have been made in Tasmania during the last week or two and the local amateurs have had no trouble in communicating with one another over distances of several miles. The trouble on these wave lengths previously has been the fact that the tuning is so sharp and the frequencies so high that a transmitter may be operating within half a metre of the wave upon which a receiver is capable of operating, and the listener can turn his dial completely round without coming across the radiated wave. The conference of the members of the Wireless Institute, which is the leading amateur wireless organisation in Australia, discussed this test and a wavemeter was brought over to Tasmania to enable the Tasmanian transmitting amateurs to calibrate their instruments for the test. This, combined with the fact that there will be hundreds of amateurs listening for every one that is transmitting, should make sure that the tests are heard. If the short wave is capable of spanning the distance. Leading Tasmanian amateurs are of the opinion that the tests should be successful, as American amateurs, after experimenting to get the correct type of apparatus, have succeeded in communicating over very long distances. The schedule, as far as it has been finalised, is as follows:— South Australia transmits from noon on Sunday next until 12.15 p.m. Tasmania follows from 12.15 to 12.30 p m. Victoria, from 12.30 to 12.45. Queensland from 12.45 until 1 p.m. New South Wales and West Australia have not yet arranged their schedule. A wave band from 10.15 to 10.9 metres will be used, and if the tests are successful, this should be sufficient to accommodate all the amateur traffic in Australia.

##### 1928 09

Watty participates in the 10 metre tests but without a successful long distance contact
   Radio Notes. THE TEN METRE TESTS. UNSUCCESSFUL SO FAR. (By "Anode.") The ten metre tests held last weekend were unsuccessful. The two Tasmanian amateurs participating were Messrs. T. Watkins (7DX) and C. Walch (7CW), and though their transmitters were operating during the specified time, as far as can be ascertained, they were not heard in other States. During the listening period, both of them heard some weak signals, which are believed to have come from a West Australian amateur. Later messages from 3BQ Melbourne confirmed this, and it is believed that it will be possible to get in touch with West Australia next Sunday, when the tests will be continued. Mr. Max Howden, of 3BQ, was himself able to copy the West Australian amateur, and his logged time corresponds with the time that the signals were heard in Tasmania. Unfortunately, the West Australian did not "sign off", with his call, so that there is still some uncertainty about his identity. Searching for signals on the ten metre band is no easy matter. The slightest adjustment of the vernier dials will tune a station in or out so sharp is the tuning, and very careful adjustments have consequently to be made. There are numerous harmonics, subharmonics, and side waves from 7ZL on the band, and these have to be searched to make certain they are not signals from one of the amateur transmitting stations. On Sunday there was a good deal of "mush" probably emanating from a leaky power line, and this interfered with the reception of both 7CW and 7DX. SIMPLICITY OF APPARATUS. The apparatus for working on 10 metres has to be very carefully designed, but its design is simple. There are not nearly so many complicated gadgets as usual, though each of the components which are used in a longer wave transmitter have to be incorporated. The appearance of simplicity is owing entirely to the fact that in dealing with such high frequencies all the leads have to be as short as possible; there are only two or three turns of wire on the tuning coils, and all the variable condensers have only two or three plates. The receiving apparatus is somewhat similar to the ordinary short wave apparatus. There are, however, only three or four turns of wire on the tuning coils, and the variable condenser possesses only three plates. A rather ingenious device is used for the tuning coils. An old bakelite vacuum tube base is separated from the glass part of the valve and used as a former for the winding of the four turns. The leads from the wire are connected to the pins of the valve, and the coil is plugged into an ordinary valve socket. The coils are neat and rigid, and can be interchanged with facility. The aerial used for the ten metre transmitter cannot be "just any length" as is the practice with broadcast receivers, but it is a very important point. It is possible to use an aerial with a greater natural wavelength than the wave of the transmitter by special "phasing" and careful tuning of the aerial. When Mr. Walch did this, he had to get to work with a pair of pliers and cut an inch at a time off his aerial lead so that it would be exactly the correct length. After each piece had been cut off the transmitter had to be tuned up until a small bulb in the middle of the aerial wire lit up. This bulb was the indication that the aerial was properly in phase. It was a painstaking job. TEN METRE THEORIES. I have heard plenty of theories put forward about the operation of ten metre waves. One of the most interesting is that the angle at which the radiated wave hits the Heaviside layer depends on its length and frequency. It is claimed that the wave is reflected back off the layer on to the earth, and that it is the reflected wave that is heard. Some experimenters claim that the ten metre waves are "shot off" at such an angle that they are not reflected back to the earth at all, or else the angle of reflection is such that the wave has to travel many times round the earth before it actually comes in contact with it. Again they say that the length may be so short that the waves can penetrate the Heaviside layer just in the same way as do light waves, and therefore the ten metre waves are lost in space. This seems to me quite a probable theory, particularly when coupled with the knowledge that a transmitting station sends out both a ground wave and an aerial wave. It is the ground wave which, travelling for only a short distance, permits the signals to be heard close to the transmitting station.
Watty to talk on the results of the 10 metre tests on 7ZL
   BROADCASTING TODAY. . . . SUNDAY. 7ZL HOBART, 516 metres. 10 a.m., rebroadcast of Eucharistic Congress Solemn High Mass, from St. Mary's Cathedral, Sydney. 11, service from Methodist Church, Melville Street, Hobart, preacher, Rev. Mansley Bennett, subject, "All Things are Yours," Psalm 34, hymns 763, 380, 462, 557. 12.25, closed down. Afternoon Session.— Rebroadcast of Eucharistic Congress, description of procession through Sydney, and solemn benediction at St. Mary's Cathedral. 4.30, close down. Early Evening Session.— 6.30, "The Flower Fairies," by Nancy Bell. 6.45, studio recreator. Evening Session.— 7, G.P.O. clock, 7.15, service from Davey Street Methodist Church, Hobart, young people's service, preacher, Rev. A. Crookes Hull, subject, "Purchase of Opportunity," organist, Madame Lucy Atkins. 8.25, operatic selections on the studio recreator. 9.35, W. T. Watkins on Results of 10 Metre Tests." 9.40, "Mercury" items, ships within wireless range, weather forecasts. 9.44, our Tasmanian good night thought. 9.45, "God Save the King." 9.46, close down.
Watty off-air for the next 10 metre tests
   Radio Notes. (By "Anode.") . . . SHORT WAVES TEST. The ultra-short wave test on 10 metres which took place again last week end did not meet with success in Tasmania. Mr. W. T. Watkins, of 7DX was "off the air," and only Mr. C. Walch, of 7CW, was transmitting. He tried all times of the day and night with his transmitter, but could not get any signals through. There is little doubt of the efficiency of his transmitter, because he is able to communicate quite easily with other Tasmanian amateurs. The tests will be continued, and it will probably be some time before success is attained.
Lovely photograph of Watty's 10 metre transmitter
   (Start Photo Caption) A TEN-METRE TRANSMITTER. The ten-metre transmitter built by Mr. W. T. Watkins (7DX) for use in the tests which are being conducted all over Australia. R. G. Walker, photo. (End Photo Caption)

##### 1928 10

Finally Watty makes contact with New Zealand and Western Australia on 10 metres
   Radio Notes. (By "Anode.") . . . AMATEUR NEWS. Considerable success favoured the Tasmanian amateurs with their ten-metre tests last week-end. Previous very little had been done, apart from communication with New Zealand by Launceston amateur, reported in last week's Radio Notes. On Sunday both 7DX and 7CW were able to send their ten-metre signals to West Australia and New Zealand. An Auckland amateur (1AM) reported Mr. Watkins's signals as fairly strong on Sunday morning. They were in communication continuously for an hour. Communication was established by 7DX with 6DA at Albany, and 7DX's signals were reported at al-most maximum strength, though he was using only low power. Good signal strength also was reported to 7CW by 6SA, another West Australian amateur. From these most successful results it may be hazarded that the amateurs were right in their supposition that use would be found for the ultra short waves. It appears that these waves dis-appear a few miles from the transmitting station, because Launceston and Melbourne amateurs have not been able to hear the Hobart transmitters, and that they do not reappear until they have travelled between two and three thousand miles. Such an effect is quite a common radio phenomenon, and the great difficulty is to discover how far the waves "skip" before they reach the earth again. Further tests are being arranged with the New Zealand amateurs, and South Africa also will be included. So far signals have been transmitted to South Africa on 10 metres, and there will be competition for first amateur to "put one across." This test will take place between 8 and 9 p.m., Tasmanian time, next Saturday, and the results will be awaited with interest.

##### 1928 12

Watty gives a talk on aerials over 7ZL
   BROADCASTING TO-DAY. 7ZL HOBART — 516 Metres. . . . Evening Session.— 7.30, First instalment, a story of old Jim Corbett, one time world's champion boxer, "Dramatic Exit from the Ring." 7.45, Trevor Watkins (Radio Research Club of Tasmania) on "Aerials." 8, G.P.O. clock. 8.1, Fifty years ago, 8.6, Moments merry and musical. 8.30, From the Continental, Macquarie Street, Hobart Continental Orchestra. 10.20, News session. Sporting news, "The Mercury" news service, Tasmania district weather report, ships within wireless range. 10.22, Tasmanian goodnight. "God Save the King."

#### 1929
##### 1929 02

Watty gives a talk about oscillation over 7ZL
   BROADCASTING. 7ZL HOBART. 516 Metres. . . . Evening Session.— 7.30: Geo. Collis will speak on "Physical Culture." 7.45: Trevor Watkins on "Oscillation." 8: G.P.O. clock. 8.1: 50 years ago. 8.6: Mr. Leary will speak on the victory of the Tassic. 8.12: Transmission from the Prince of Wales Theatre, Ted McCann and his orchestra. 9.50: The Royal Autocar Club of Tasmania safety message, "Mercury" news service, British official wireless news, Tasmanian district weather report. 10: G.P.O. clock. 10.1: Tasmanian goodnight thought, God Save the King.
Watty involved with broadcast of Hobart Regatta with 7ZL and 7HR
   (Start Photo Caption) A BROADCASTING EQUIPMENT. The apparatus used by 7ZL and members of the Radio Research Club to transmit a full description of the Hobart Regatta as seen from the Marine Board's tug Toorah. In the group from left to right are: Mr. W. T. Watkins (7DX), Mr. McLaughlan, engineer of the Toorah; Captain H. J. Watchorn, Deputy Harbourmaster; Mr. W. H. Sweeting, manager; of 7ZL; and Mr. L. Jensen. J. J. N.. Barnett, photo. J. (End Photo Caption)
7DX advertising to repair radio receivers at Paton & Son
   RADIO REPAIRS AND SERVICE. Old Receivers Modernised. Eliminators Repaired. Trevor Watkins, Radio Engineer, C/o A. PATON & SON, 136 LIVERPOOL STREET, HOBART.
Watty the judge in the 7ZL crystal set competition (maximum entrant age 16 years)
   RADIO NOTES. Some Small Crystal Sets. 7ZL Competition. (By "Anode.") Competitions for the construction of small crystal sets generally seem to be popular, and the entries are always large and clever. One of these competitions has just been concluded by 7ZL for a prize consisting of the complete parts for a single valve set, given by a city business firm. The entries received exhibited considerable originality. The sets had to be efficient and small. Some of the smallest sets sent in had had essential parts omitted from their makeup, and though they would work, they were excluded by the judge (Mr. T. Watkins) as being insufficiently sensitive. The ingenuity necessary to construct a prize winning set evidently acted as a spur to the competitors, who were restricted to the age of 16 years. There were sets in pill boxes, in tobacco pipes, on pieces of cardboard, on wire bobbins, cigarette boxes, match boxes, thimbles, and in many other everyday things which lent themselves to adaptation. Each set exhibited some ingenuity of its own. Some of the specimens were very expertly and neatly made, and they worked very well. The winning set was undoubtedly worthy of the prize. It was fitted inside a small stud or trinket box, and had a tuning coil with a miniature slider, an adjustable detector, and the requisite connecting terminals. There was one other set which ran it closely. It was more efficient, but considerably larger. Another set was neatly made on an old valve and valve base. The tuning coil had been wound round the valve (UV.199 type), and a small former made of celluloid wound with another layer of wire slipped over the valve, making a sort of loose coupler. This set was also very efficient. The most efficient set of all had a small pancake coil inside it, with a fixed adjustment detector. A very small set was made by winding turns of wire round a thimble. A tiny slider was made on this which adjusted the tuning, and the catswhisker was operated inside the thimble. The whole set was mounted on a small block of wood. I should say that not one of the sets cost the builder more than five shillings, and some of them could have been made for nothing at all, the most valuable parts being the four terminals, which most of the builders seemed to think were essential to success. One or two of the sets were rather crude affairs, which did not exhibit very much care in their manufacture. All that could be said for them was that they worked, though indifferently. They were truly a wonderful collection. Some of them may be seen in the photograph which accompanies this article.

##### 1929 03

Watty gives an evening talk on 7ZL "How to obtain Good Reception."
   BROADCASTING TO-DAY. 7ZL HOBART — 516 Metres. . . . Evening Session.— 7.30, W. E. Fuller, on "Literary Lapses and Library Lists." 7.45, Trevor Watkins, on "How to obtain Good Reception." 8, G.P.O. clock. 8.1, "Fifty Years Ago." 8.6, M'elle Columbia. 8.15, a dance programme by the Ritz Band and M'elle Columbia. 9.45, Royal Autocar Club safety message, "The Mercury" news service, British official wireless news, Tasmanian district weather report. 10, G.P.O. clock. 10.1, our Tasmanian good-night thought. "God Save the King." Close down.

##### 1929 04

Watty and a team of amateurs assist the PMG with emergency communications after massive flood damage throughout Tasmania - one of amateur radio's finest hours
   POSTAL COMMUNICATIONS. Partial Restoration. Help of Wireless Amateurs. Deputy-Director's Comment. The Deputy Director of Posts and Telegraphs (Mr. J. E. Monfries), commenting last night on the interruption of telegraphic, telephonic, and postal communication by the floods, said that their chief difficulty was the breach caused by the destruction of the bridge at Perth, which carried away the telegraph line and so cut off telegraphic and telephone communication between Hobart and Launceston. Persistent efforts were made to get a line across the South Esk River at Perth, he said, but each time a line was got to the opposite bank it was carried away by the force of the water. Eventually, at 9.45 a.m. yesterday, communication was temporarily restored by the use of a boat. Matters were thus far advanced by postal officers who had been working on each side of the river, that one hour after the boat was got across the river, one circuit was available between Hobart and Launceston. PETROL ENGINE GENERATES POWER. Mr. Monfries pointed out that, as hydroelectric power was relied upon to work the appliances at the Launceston Exchange, the failure of the transmission line between Waddamana and Longford necessitated the improvisation of some means of power generation locally. In this connection splendid work was done by Mr. Greaves, the exchange foreman. A petrol engine was used to drive a small generator, which provided sufficient electric power to charge the local batteries and to work the telegraph and telephone installation at Launceston post office. Until the ordinary hydro-electric power was again available, the postal authorities were thus enabled to maintain communication between the two cities. CARS FLOCK TO SCENE OF BREAK. There was a constant stream of cars and other vehicles to both sides of the river at Perth Bridge, and a continual crowd of interested spectators watched the men at work restoring communication. Mails despatched from Hobart yesterday morning were got across the river and about 5 p.m. two boatloads of mails from the North for the South were hurried through for earliest delivery, and were conveyed to Hobart through the co-operation of "The Mercury" and Mr. H. S. Cook, of Sedan Motors. It was hoped that these mails would be available for delivery this morning in the city, including mails from Fingal as well. N.W. MAIL SERVICE DISORGANISED. The mail services between the North West Coast and Launceston, said Mr. Monfries, were now disorganised on account of numerous bridges having been destroyed, but the position was being closely watched by postal officers, and the service would be resumed as early as possible. Mails were despatched to Swansea, via Campbell Town, on Saturday, and to Spring Bay via Buckland the same day. Referring back to the operations at Perth for the restoration of telegraphic communication, Mr. Monfries said that as preliminary stages two twin-pair insulated wires were got across, then later a lead-covered cable containing sufficient pairs of wire to meet the situation until the old bridge was replaced was got into position. Many requests had been made by travellers and others for the use of the boat requisitioned by the postal authorities at Perth, but it was only in one or two cases that they could make it available. In this connection it would appear necessary for the Government to make a boat available for this purpose, in order that the travelling public could be accommodated. PRAISE FOR OFFICERS. WIRELESS AMATEURS' ASSISTANCE. Mr. Monfries expressed appreciation of the exceptionally fine service given by officers of the department during a very trying situation. The department also appreciated the kindness of numerous wireless amateurs and experimenters in transmitting messages between Hobart and Launceston and the mainland cities. In this connection he mentioned Mr. T. Watkins (7DX), C. Walch (7CW) and H. Lovett (7HL), of Hobart, who had materially assisted in supplementing the official commercial station at the Domain, VAH (sic, VIH). The stations referred to had been used for the despatch of official departmental business by special arrangement. Mr. L. Jensen, of 7LJ, also offered his station for the use of the department, and valuable work was done by other experimenters in assisting at the stations which were actually operating. At Launceston very valuable assistance was rendered by Mr. C. Scott, of 7CS, and Mr. Len. Crooks, of 7BG (sic, 7BQ). These citizens, despite the failure of the power supply, managed to maintain touch with their confreres at Hobart by the use of improvised generating sets. In Victoria several experimenters assisted the P.M.G.'s Department, particular mention being made of Mr. R. Burzacott, of 3RB, who was in touch with Hobart throughout the period of telegraphic interruption. The department was also exceedingly grateful to Mr. E. Jack, of Launceston, for his courtesy in placing a boat at their disposal, and to Captain Holyman, for his valuable help in connection with the supply and manipulation of the ship's rocket which was used to shoot a line across the South Esk River at Perth. Mr. Mace, of Perth, allowed the postal workmen to use his land in connection with the laying of a cable. OTHER COMMUNICATIONS. Communication has now been fully re-established between Hobart and St. Marys and St. Helens, but not with intermediate stations on the East Coast. Telegraphic communication is now restored as far as Burnie on the North-west Coast, but beyond that is still interrupted, and Scottsdale on the North-East Coast, where road and rail traffic is also now restored. It was impossible to state last night, said Mr. Monfries, when Launceston telephone subscribers would have their service back to normal, or to ascertain what would be necessary in the way of restoration till the water had subsided. Referring to the mail service between Hobart, the North-West, Launceston, and the mainland, the Deputy Director said that he had been advised by the Railway Department that there was every prospect of the railway service being resumed between Hobart and the North on Tuesday, in time to connect with the Melbourne steamer, so that there should be a resumption of practically normal mail traffic then, although it would not be possible to state so definitely.
As previous
   WHEN AMATEUR WIRELESS SERVED. During the time that telegraphic and telephonic communication be-tween Launceston and Hobart was dislocated owing to the flood, Mr. A. C. Scott, of Launceston, placed his amateur broadcasting station 7CS at the disposal of the postal department. With the co-operation of another amateur station in Hobart a great deal of postal business such as private and press telegrams were successfully handled by this only means of communication between the cities at the time. Mr. Scott has now received the following letter from Mr. H. B. (sic, H. P.) Brown, Director-General of the Postmaster General's Department, Melbourne — "In connection with the recent serious interruption to telegraph communication in Tasmania, I desire to express my appreciation of your public spirited conduct in placing your radio station at the disposal of this department for the transaction of public business. The willingness with which you volunteered to assist the department in its difficulties proved of invaluable aid in organising emergency services and thus materially assisted in relieving pubic anxiety regarding the disaster which had be-fallen Tasmania. Will you please accept my very sincere thanks for your valuable assistance."

##### 1929 05

Watty appointed section guard for Tasmania for the RAAF Wireless Reserve
   Mr. C. Scott, of 14 Law-street, the well-known owner of the amateur wireless station VK7CS, is in receipt of advice from Mr. C. E. Coleman, secretary of the Air Board, that he has been appointed as an operator to the Royal Australian Air Force Wire-less Reserve, whose headquarters are in Melbourne. The call sign of the headquarters station is VJR, and it operates on a wavelength of 39.5 meters. Mr. Trevor Watkins, of VK7DX, Hobart, has been appointed a section guard station for Tasmania.

##### 1929 07

Overview of RAAF Wireless Reserve for Tasmania
   RADIO NOTES. . . . (By "Insulator.") . . . THE AMATEUR SIGNALLING RESERVE. The organisation of the Amateur Wireless Reserve in conjunction with the Air Force, is proceeding rapidly. Numbers of new stations have been enrolled, including two more Hobart amateurs. The Hobart amateur, Mr. W. T. Watkins, VK7DX, who is, perhaps, one of the oldest, and best known experimenters in Australia, has been appointed Official Guard Station for Tasmania, and the other official stations are as follows:— Messrs. Crosby Walch (VK7CW), C. Harrisson (VK7CH), L. Jensen (VK7LJ), J. Heine (VK7JK), H. Lovett (VK7HL), all of Hobart, and the Launceston stations of Mr. Len Crooks (VK7BQ), and Mr. C. Scott (VK7CS). Certain duties and exercises have been allotted, and everything is progressing satisfactorily. The Tasmanian stations are taking a keen interest in their duties, and in the case of emergency this reserve, trained and organised, should prove invaluable.
Watty appointed to council of WIA Tas
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. Annual Meeting at Launceston. Hobart to be Headquarters. In accordance with a decision reached at the fourth annual meeting of the Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian division) held at the Royal Hotel Launceston on Saturday night the headquarters of the organisation will be in Hobart for at least the next twelve months. The move will mean the merging of the Hobart Radio Research Club into the Wireless Institute, while a meeting will be held in Launceston on August 8 next to form a wireless club in the North. There was a good attendance at the gathering, there being present a number of Southern members. Mr. T. K. Jebb presided. The annual report stated that during the period under review the division had steadily progressed and regular monthly meetings were held. The interest shown by the members was very gratifying on the whole but the council would like to see more interest shown by the associate and student members. There had been a tendency for these members to absent themselves from the monthly meetings, and is it was to these that the institute looked for its future officers, it was felt that they should realise the responsibility of fitting themselves for the work which would one day fall on their shoulders. The membership of the division had steadily increased, nine having joined during the year in the following proportions: two full members, two associate members, and five student members. There were no resignations and the total membership for the division was now 50. The interest shown by the members in the technical books and papers in the library had been disappointing. The committee would take the opportunity of thanking all those who had so generously made available books and papers for this purpose and hoped that more members would avail themselves of this benefit. In August last the secretary Mr. C. Scott, and Mr. Trevor Watkins attended the fifth annual convention held at Hobart as the Tasmanian delegates. A quantity of important work was dealt with and the Federal Council was left with a strenuous year's work ahead. Two matters that came up for discussion at the convention had been brought to a head, namely the amalgamation of the ARTL with the institute in all States with the exception of West Australia and all amateurs were now under one controlling body, the Wireless Institute of Australia. This was the only body in Australia recognised by the Chief Inspector of Wireless. The other was the forming of the Air Force Reserve, which was now in full swing. Mr. Trevor Watkins's station (VK7DX) was the guard station for Tasmania, and the other active transmitters were reserve stations. The amateurs in Tasmania and also in Victoria had shown the world what could be done when the need arose as instanced by the disastrous flood that struck Tasmania some two months ago. Thanks were due to the president (Mr. Phil Fysh) for the loan of his 80 metre transmitter and generator to the club, and also to the various firms in the city who kindly donated the necessary parts to construct a receiver. However, not much interest was shown in the transmitter by most of the members, and this also lapsed. They also thanked Mr. Olsen for his generous donation of a battery charger for use at the club room. It was felt by the council that this year, through lack of interest in the younger members, the headquarters of the institute should for the ensuing year be transferred to Hobart, as that city had more active transmitters than Launceston. The move would mean the merging of the Hobart Radio Research Club into the Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian division). It would be necessary to form a club in Launceston, which would be affiliated with the institute to keep the members together. The council looked forward with confidence to the coming year, and hoped that new members would avail themselves of the benefits of the institute. They also looked forward for full support from members in any work that might be undertaken, and trusted that meetings in the future would be well attended. The balance sheet showed a credit of £18. The motion for the adoption of the report and balance sheet was moved by Mr. F. W. Medhurst, seconded by Mr. H. F. Graham, and carried. SOUTHERN HEADQUARTERS. Mr. C. Scott (Launceston) moved, and Mr. J. C. Newton (Launceston) seconded: "That the headquarters of the Wireless Institute (Tasmanian division) be situated in Hobart for the next 12 months at least." The chairman said the move would be a good one. Launceston had had a good innings, and there was a lack of interest in the organisation in the North at present. The ultimate result of the move should prove beneficial to Launceston. The motion was carried. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. A ballot resulted in the election of Mr. F. W. Medhurst as president for the ensuing twelve months. The following were elected to constitute the council: Messrs. W. T. Watkins, C. Walsh, T. K. Jebb, L. Jensen, H. Lovett, C. Scott and the president. It was decided that a meeting should be held in Launceston on August 8 next to form a wireless club. After the meeting an enjoyable smoke social was held.
As previous, another report by Launceston Examiner
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. The Annual Meeting. Branch Matters Discussed. At the annual meeting of the Wire-less Institute of Australia (Tasmanian division) on Saturday night, at the Royal Hotel, Mr. T. K. Jebb presided in the absence of the president, Mr. P. O. Fysh. The annual report stated that during the period under review the division had steadily progressed, and regular monthly meetings had been held. The interest shown by the members had been very gratifying. Associate and student members should realise the responsibility of fitting themselves for the work which would one day fall on their shoulders. The membership of the division had steadily increased, nine new ones having joined during the year. There were no resignations during the period under review, and the total membership for the division was fifty. Thanks were tendered to Mr. T. K. Jebb for the interesting and practical demonstration on the oscilligraph; and Mr. H. A. Graham for the enjoyable picture entertainment given by him at the club room. The lack of interest shown by the members in the technical books and papers in the library had been disappointing. Those who had so generously made available books and papers for this purpose were thanked. The Fifth Convention In August last the secretary, Mr. C. Scott, and Mr. Trevor Watkins, attended the fifth annual convention held at Hobart, as the Tasmanian delegates. Important work was dealt with, and the federal council was left with a strenuous year ahead of it. Two matters that came up for discussion at the convention had been brought to a head, namely, the amalgamation of the A.R.T.L. with the institute in all states, with the exception of Western Australia. All amateurs were under one controlling body, the Wireless Institute of Australia, the only body in Australia recognised by the Chief Inspector of Wireless. The other was the formation of the Air Force Reserve. which was in full swing. Mr. Trevor Watkins' station, VK7DX, was the guard station for Tasmania, and the other active transmitters were reserve stations. The amateurs in Tasmania and Victoria showed the world what could be done when the need arose, as instanced in the disastrous flood that struck Tasmania three months ago. Thanks were due to the president, Mr. Phil Fysh, for the loan of his 80 metre transmitter and generator to the club, and also to the various firms in the city who donated the necessary parts to construct a receiver. However, not much interest was shown in the transmitter by most of the members, and this also lapsed. Mr. Olsen was thanked for his generous donation of a battery charger for use at the club room. Transferring Headquarters Five council meetings were held during the period under review. It was felt by the council this year that through the lack of interest of the younger members the headquarters of the institute should for the ensuing year be transferred to Hobart, as that city had more active transmitters than Launceston, and would mean the merging of the Hobart Radio Research Club into that of the Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian division). It would be necessary to form a club in Launceston, which would be affiliated with the institute, to keep the members together. The financial statement showed that the institute was in credit to the extent of about £18. Mr. F. W. Medhurst (Hobart) moved the adoption of the report and balance sheet. Mr. H. A. Graham seconded. The report was adopted. Mr. C. Scott, secretary, moved that the headquarters of the institute branch be in Hobart for the next 12 months. Mr. J. C. Newton seconded. Mr. Jebb supported the motion. The move, he said, would probably be a good thing for the north, where members had had a "fair go." The motion was carried. Election of Officers The election of officers resulted as follows:— President, Mr. F. W. Medhurst; council, Messrs. W. T. Watkins, C. Walsh, C. Scott, T. K. Jebb, L. Jensen, H. Lovett. Mr. Medhurst took the chair, thanking members for their selection of him for the position of president. He said he was pleased that the headquarters of the institute branch were to be in Hobart. The wireless community was useful in such predicaments as the recent flood. The meeting was followed by a social evening, during which presentations were made by the chairman to Messrs. C. Scott and L. Crooks for services rendered.

##### 1929 08

Brief announcement of WIA Conference in Brisbane, Watty is the Tasmanian delegate
   WIRELESS INSTITUTE. CONFERENCE IN BRISBANE. The sixth annual conference of the Wireless Institute of Australia will begin in Brisbane next Tuesday. The delegates are Messrs. H. K. Love, VK3BM, Melbourne (Federal president); S. W. Gadsden, VK3SW, Melbourne (Federal vice-president); B. N. K. Hardie, VK3YX (Federal secretary); Phil. Renshaw, VK2DE, Sydney (N.S.W. delegate); C. H. Gold, VK4EG (sic, 4CG), Brisbane (Queensland delegate); D. R. Whitburn, VK5BY, Adelaide (S.A. delegate); M. M. O'Brien, VK4MM, Brisbane (proxy for W.A.); T. Watkins, VK7DX, Hobart (Tasmanian delegate); Major Leo. J. Feenaghty, VK4LJ, Brisbane (conference secretary). The Mayor of Brisbane (Alderman W. A. Jolly. C.M.G.), will tender a civic reception to the delegates on Tuesday morning. The social functions will include a dinner on Tuesday evening, a dance on Thursday, a motor tour of the country, on Saturday and an up river trip on Sunday.

##### 1929 09

Photo of WIA Conference delegates includes Watty
   THE "COURIER" BUDGET OF PICTORIAL NEWS. . . . (Start Photo Caption) Delegates to the sixth annual convention of the Wireless Institute of Australia, which is now in session at Brisbane. Back row (left to right).— M. M. O'Brien, VK6MM (sic, 4MM) (Western Australia), P. Renshaw, VK2DE (New South Wales), H. K. Love, VK3BM., Federal president (Victoria), S. W. Gadsden, VK3SW, Federal vice-president (Victoria), L. J. Feenaghty, VK4LJ, conference secretary (Queensland). Front row.— Messrs. D. R. Whitburn, VK5BY (South Australia), B. H. K. Hardie, VK3YX, Federal secretary (Victoria), Miss O. Wanmer (stenographer), Messrs. T. Watkins, VK7DX (Tasmania), C. H. Gold, VK4CG (Queensland) (End Photo Caption).

##### 1929 10

Watty has an important role in the RAAF Radio Reserve's communications service for the Centenary Air Race
   Wireless News. BROADCASTING. Important Centenary Events. (By "Radio.") An important period in the history of the State began last Saturday when the peak period of the Centenary Celebrations was entered upon, and our local station 6WF was well to the fore in broadcasting descriptions of the various events. . . . East-West Air Race. At Mascot aerodrome, Sydney, to the accompaniment of a full orchestra of high revving aeroplane engines, the curtain was raised on the East-West air race, which will finish at Perth. At the same time the recently formed R.A.A.F. Radio Reserve, comprised of members of the Wireless Institute of Australia, will perform its first public service, that of maintaining almost instantaneous communication between the States, the official 'planes, and the air control station VK3WI at the Essendon aerodrome, Victoria. The chain of stations which will operate over the course of the flight with each other and Essendon will be VK2RF at the Mascot aerodrome; VK2WC, Canberra; and VK3BQ, Melbourne, with the assistance of stations at Wangaratta, Violet Town, and Seymour, Victoria. Leaving Melbourne, stations at Nhill, Ballarat, and Ararat will assist, and the only woman operator, Mrs E. L. Hutchings, at Stawell, will do her share. Station VK5BY will control the messages in South Australia, while the next link in the chain is Mr. J. Vincent (VK6VK) at Kalgoorlie. At the Perth terminal Mr. N. Turnbull is in control at VK6NO; assisted by Messrs. Goldsmith (VK6FG), B. Stevens (VK6BN), Wilson (VK6LG). Tredrea (VK6FT), Edgar (VK6DW), Hull (VK6FH), Patterson (VK6CP), and Squires (VK6JS). Our local amateurs will be particularly busy on the last three days of the flight when the 'planes are in West Australian territory. Messages relating to forced landings, reports of progress, and instructions will comprise the matter sent and the stations will also be in touch with the official 'plane which will use the call sign VMZAD on a 23-metre wave length. An interesting point about the organisation is that a Tasmanian station comes into the picture in case direct communication is difficult between this State and Victoria. It has often been proved that when such direct communication is difficult or impossible, messages can be sent through VK7DX (Tasmania) and so that air guard station far from the course of the race will play its part.
The Catholic Press notes that 7DX and 7LJ are the most consistent Tasmanian amateurs to be heard in Sydney
   Wireless and Broadcasting. By Metre . . . Amongst the Tasmanians, 7DX, Trevor Watkins, Hobart, and 7LJ, L. R. Jensen, Newtown, Tasmania, are the most consistent. Both men employ crystal-controlled transmitters. They did splendid work during the flood period about six months ago. Their signals are good here in Sydney during the evenings; also on Sunday afternoons, &c.

##### 1929 11

Watty being well heard in SA, livened up after return from WIA conference
   AMATEUR NOTES. Round the Stations By "Q.R.H." . . . VK's 7DX and 7CW, the two popular Tasmanian amateurs, are often heard at great strength, with their crystal controlled transmitters. Watty has livened matters up in Tasmania since he returned from the convention.
Watty plays an important role in the Neptune exercise with the RAAF Wireless Reserve
   Wireless Reserve. Flight of the Neptune. Successful Exercises. By "LISTENER" During the flight of the Royal Australian Air Force Southampton flying boat Neptune from Melbourne to Hobart and thence to Sydney and Brisbane, Group Captain S. J. Goble and his fellow officers were in constant touch with wireless stations of the Royal Australian Wireless Reserve. Flying in the teeth of a strong gale the flying boat arrived in Brisbane on Sunday morning from Ballina, where it had remained overnight. "It was good to know that we were within hearing of a wireless station throughout our long trip," said one of the officers on his arrival. "Members of the wireless reserve must possess a wonderful amount of enthusiasm to sacrifice so much of their leisure time to assist the defence force." In making this remark the officer was aware of the fact that during the all night flight from Hobart to Sydney last Friday members of the reserve were listening all the time to messages from the plane and passing them on to Air Force headquarters at Richmond and Laverton (Victoria). The chain of stations that listened came into operation on November 11, before the flying boat left Melbourne. The chain comprises 7DX, Hobart (W. T. Watkins), 2RF, Sydney (W. R. Felton), 3KB, Melbourne (A. L. Kissick), and 4MM, Brisbane (Mr. M.M. O'Brien), with which were associated the wireless stations at Richmond and Laverton aerodromes (Victoria), and VIB (Pinkenba, Brisbane). Having completed all arrangements for the reserve to engage in exercises during his flight Group Captain Goble set out in the Neptune for Hobart. All stations in the chain listened in on 600 metres for messages from the plane and reported to Richmond and Laverton via 7DX on a wavelength of 41 metres. Steady signals on the short wave length were maintained throughout with the aid of crystal control. When the Neptune left Hobart at 10.25 p.m. Friday the chain of stations again successfully re-established inter-communication between land and air. SHORT WAVE VAGARIES. An illustration of the vagaries of short waves was obtained at 3 a.m. on Saturday, when owing to their skip distance peculiarities, the Richmond and Laverton stations in Victoria could not communicate with one another, and had to utilise the services of 2RF (Sydney) to relay their messages, Mr. O'Brien followed the progress of the plane until 4 a.m. on Saturday when he signed off. The plane came down in Jervis Bay to refuel from the Albatross before proceeding to Sydney which was reached at midday on Saturday. Leaving that afternoon the plane encountered strong headwinds which forced a stay at Ballina over night. Next morning the plane took off again and reached Brisbane. The wireless reserve chain of stations kept in touch with the plane on each hop. RESERVE PRAISED. On arrival of the plane in Brisbane it was met by Mr. O'Brien whose station, 4MM is the reserve guard station for Queensland, and who is president of the Wireless Institute of Australia, Queensland division. Group-captain Goble expressed satisfaction with and pleasure at the work done by members of the reserve during his flight. Captain Goble referred particularly to the good work done by the Hobart station which, he said, had been most attentive to the messages sent out for retransmission to headquarters in Melbourne. Whilst 4MM and 2RF were exchanging messages early on Saturday morning a powerful telephone station was heard. It came in as loud as station 4QG," said Mr. O'Brien, who was unable to ascertain what station it was. Evidently it was an American or British station. HEAVY STATIC. Because of heavy static no aerial or earth wires were used by 4MM for reception purposes. The whole of the work done evidenced the reliability of the Royal Australian Wireless Reserve. The Neptune is not equipped with a short wave transmitter; it is able to transmit only on 600 and 1,300 metres, the signs for each being VMZAD and V3U. The father of the reserve scheme is Mr. Kingsley Love (Federal President of the Wireless Institute of Australia, who owns and operates station 3BM. When he was in Brisbane at the last conference of the Institute he set out the fine details of the scheme and urged all members of the organisation to co-operate to make it a success. When Air Force machines visited Longreach this year a chain of stations was organised to enable the planes to keep in constant communication with their base in Melbourne. The stations in the chain are 4WH, Longreach (W. E. Hegarty), 4MM, Brisbane (Mr. M. M. O'Brien), 7DX, Hobart (W. T. Watkins), and 3BQ (Max Howden).
Watty has an accident with his crystal, but calls upon a spare
   AMATEUR NOTES. Round the Stations. By "Q.R.H." . . . VK7DX, like local 5DO, had an accident with his crystal, but with a more disastrous result. However, his fine note was heard again, using crystal control, so Watty evidently keeps a supply of these gems.

##### 1929 12
### 1930s
#### 1930
##### 1930 02

7DX noted in Sydney operating on 40 metres
   WIRELESS AND BROADCASTING. . . . BY METRE. Australian Experimental Stations. Listening-in for 30 minutes on Sunday night, the 9th inst., on the 42 metre experimental band, we noticed the following stations in operation— 2PC, N.S.W.; 3DX, Victoria; 5JH, South Australia; 4CM, Queensland; and 7DX, Tasmania. The above stations were working on telegraph, carrying out interstate contacts. In addition to the foregoing, 3SV, Victoria, was working to U.S.A., whilst 4CM was later observed working to KA, 1FC. At the same time, 8 p.m., the following trans-oceanic experimental stations were in operation on the 42 metre band: KA8RC, KA1CE, KA 1FC, and Canadian station 1KR. The most remarkable experimental transmission yet recorded this season was observed between 9.30 p.m. and 11 p.m., whilst we listened to a splendid programme transmitted by Australian Experimental Station VK6AJ. It is owned and operated by the Northam High School Radio Club, Kennedy-street, Perth, W.A. 6AJ was transmitting on a wave length of 41.5 metres, with excellent strength and good quality. Every syllable could be distinctly understood, a very fine result when one considers that the signals travelled completely over the continent. The signals were recorded here on a "Press" adaptor, coupled to one stage of audio. At 11 p.m. VK6AJ played a selection from "H.M.S. Pinafore," afterwards changing the wavelength to 20 metres. Here his signals were observed very carefully. They were very weak, and subject to fading, although the quality of modulation was still good. The 20 metre wave length was too short for night conditions within the Commonwealth, although his signals may be very excellent in other lands.

##### 1930 03

Watty operating as 7DX and 7WI heard calling Victoria in Sydney
   WIRELESS AND BROADCASTING. . . . BY METRE. Experimental Transmitters Working on Sunday Evening, Between 9 p.m. and 10 p.m. N.S.W.: 2JC, 2WK, 2NS, 2HK, 2LE, 2HU, 2RJ (2nd district). Victoria: 3HK, 3HL, 3BQ, 3CW, 3LF, 3ES, 3PE, 3EH, 3BW (3rd District). Queensland: 4DO, 4CM, 4BH, 4CG, 4AO, 4RJ, 4JR, 4WI (4th District). South Australia: 5IT, 5KJ, 5RW, 5GR, 5WR (5th District). West Australia: 6MO, working U.S.A. (6th District). Tasmania: 7DX, 7WI, calling 3rd District, and also U.S.A. New Zealand: 2AC, 4AO, both calling U.S.A. U.S.A.: W4FTW, calling 5WR, South Australia, with test mge. W2CXL, calling 6th District, U.S.A. W6AM, calling WFAT. WFAT, Byrd Expedition, working W6AM. W4AJD, W4AJK, W7AO, calling 6th District, U.S.A. All the abovementioned stations were operating between 40 and 42 metres. Quite frequently as many as four or five Australian stations were signalling simultaneously. Important experimental tests with U.S.A. are in progress just now. Some of the local boys are doing splendidly, considering the very adverse static conditions obtaining.

##### 1930 05

Watty not on air for two weeks, likely illness has returned
   Amateur Notes. . . . VK7DX has not been on the air at night for about a fortnight.

##### 1930 06

Watty being off-air has consequences for the entire RAAF Wireless Reserve
   Amateur Notes. . . . The AIR, especially on 40 metres and 20 metres, is the quietest VK4JU has ever heard it. The reason cannot really be conditions. As soon as the RAAF business fell through — which started by VK7DX and VK5BY staying off — the gang in all States followed them. The lull in the RAAF business is temporary.

##### 1930 10

Watty finally back on air after an extended absence but restricted activities
   Notes from a Log. Mr. F. Nolan (VK4JU) writes as follows on short wave activities. . . . VK7DX is on the air again but is obviously restricting his activities. He was QSO, VK2ZK, when I heard him on Sunday night. He may be on dur-ing the next week-end.
As previous
   BUSY DX WEEK. Good Strength On "Forty" By "Q.R.A." The DX stations have been coming in at good signal strength again on 40 metres, but contacts have been considerably hampered on several evenings by bad attacks of static. . . . During the weekend as many as 30 Australian stations were heard on telephony on the 40-metre band. VK7DX, of Tasmania, rumored to have given up amateur radio, due to ill-health, was heard on 40 metres with his splendid C.C signal, and sending, as usual, with his fast code. . . .

##### 1930 12
#### 1931
##### 1931 04

Watty's role in the Launceston floods emergency mentioned in support of reduction in amateur licence fees
   RADIO EXPERIMENTERS. Are Fees Too High? At the request of representatives of the five principal radio clubs in New South Wales, Mr. J. C. Eldridge, M.P., has agreed to try to induce the Federal Government not to insist on the increased fees for experimenters transmitting licenses. Mr. Eldridge received last weekend a deputation from representatives of Croydon, Lakemba, Leichhardt, St. George and Waverley Clubs, who suggested, in view of his keen interest in radio affairs, that he should take up the case for a greatly reduced license fee for the experimenters. Mr. C. Luckman (Lakemba) pointed out that in October last year the Postal Department had raised the fee of experimenters from £1 to £1/10/- on the ground that the experimenter could use his transmitting set to receive the broadcasting programmes and that therefore he should not pay less than the 24/- license fee of the ordinary broadcast listener. Mr. Luckman remarked that the qualified experimenter was a trained man available in time of national emergency. When America went to war, the Government picked from the 16,000 experimenters available, 1000 within a week. On many occasions Australian experimenters had been of assistance to the Commonwealth Government. At a time of disturbance in the Solomon Islands an Australian cruiser was unable to obtain direct communication with the naval depot at Sydney but the confidential and urgent traffic was sent to amateur station VK2NO, who delivered it to the authorities. During floods in Queensland in 1928 VK4NA and VK4BW handled traffic for over 48 hours and finally passed their stations over to P.M.G. operators. In April 1929 during floods in Tasmania VK7DX and VK3RJ handled over 251 messages (approximately 11,000 words) for the Postal authorities. During November 1924 two amateur stations, one in West Australia and the other in New South Wales, handled urgent traffic until the overland telegraph line which had broken down was repaired. On March 21 this year, when the mail plane Southern Cloud was lost, the R.A.A.F. depot asked the Waverley Club and two other stations to communicate with country transmitters and find out, if possible, the movements of the missing plane. When the late Dave Smith attempted to fly to England and was forced down at Wyndham he was in communication with VK6NK who in turn relayed all messages received to VK2JP for the aviation authorities. Mr. Luckmam added that the Second District Army Signal Corps was endeavouring to fill their ranks with amateur experimenters in lieu of the majority of the present personnel. In view of these facts the clubs considered that the experimenters' license fee should be considerably less than the broadcast listeners' fees and that the recent increase was not warranted. Mr. V. Worswick (Leichhardt) stated that the Department did nothing for the experimenters except issue a list of wave bands occasionally. On the other hand the experimenters had to acquire certain qualifications. Then they paid 5/- as an examination fee for their license and 2/6d for their certificates. As the broadcasting company was paid 10/- out of their license fee he thought the Government should not make any higher charge than about 15/-. Mr. Eldridge, replying, said he was of the opinion that the trouble lay with the official head of the Postal Department, who though paid a salary of almost £80 a week seemed unable to realise the desirability of fostering technical and scientific training among young Australians. He considered that the young radio experimenters who were carrying Australia along the paths of peaceful scientific accomplishment should be subsidised rather than penalised. It was strange to think that in the arts of war — for example, rifle clubs — encouragement was given by the Government in the form of a subsidy. Other countries took a much broader view of this question and he regretted that the department concerned was not in the hands of an Australian who understood the Australian sentiment. He promised to bring up the matter in Parliament and to continue his efforts to obtain reasonable treatment for the experimenters.

##### 1931 08

Death notice and Funeral notice for Watty
   DEATHS. . . . WATKINS. - On August 25, 1931, at Hobart, William (Trevor), dearly loved and loving eldest son of H. and the late W. H. Watkins, of 146 Warwick Street, aged 32 years. . . . FUNERAL NOTICES. . . . WATKINS.— Funeral of the late Mr. William (Trevor) Watkins will move from his mother's residence, 146 Warwick Street, on Thursday (Tomorrow), at 10.30 a.m., arriving at Cornelian Bay Cemetery at 10.50 a.m. H. C. MILLINGTON PTY. LTD., Funeral Directors. H. J. HOOPER, Manager, 200 Liverpool Street. Phone 5445.
Brief obituary for Watty
   OBITUARY. THE LATE MR. TREVOR WATKINS, AMATEUR WIRELESS EXPERIMENTER. With the passing of Mr. Trevor Watkins, whose death occurred on Tuesday last after a long illness, Tasmania lost her foremost amateur wireless experimenter. He was the first person in this State to broadcast music by wireless, from his private transmitting station in Hobart, and for several years devoted himself to the study of radio and the development of radio ideas, many of which have been adopted by fellow experimenters who were in communication with him here and from other parts of the world. His special branch of study was wireless telegraphy, and as an amateur operator his familiar call sign, "7DX," was known in every part of the world where radio amateurs are established. Many of the formal acknowledgements of receipt of his transmissions (of which he possessed hundreds) testified to the excellence of his work at the Morse key. It was quite a usual thing for him to have chats almost daily with fellow experimenters in several continents, his opinion on the adjustment of transmitting apparatus being much sought after. In a number of successful tests his work was highly appreciated by the signalling section of the Royal Australian Air Force, his station in Hobart being the section guard station for this State. In 1925, in competition with a large number of others in Australia and New Zealand, he had the honour of winning the trans-Pacific tests for amateur radio operators. During the severe floods in 1929, when departmental telegraph lines were out of action between Hobart and Launceston, his private station was on the air almost continuously for two days and two nights, and for the greater part of the time Mr. Watkins, though a sick man, stuck to his instruments with very short intervals for sleep, receiving and despatching many thousands of words of press news. A most unassuming man, with a very genial disposition, ever ready to pass on his knowledge, to fellow experimenters, "Watty," as he was called by radio friends here and in different parts of the world, will be much missed. Telegrams of sympathy from the divisions of wireless institutes on the mainland received by his relatives all bear testimony to his sterling worth. Young men of his type can ill be spared. At the graveside at Cornelian Bay yesterday, where the funeral service was conducted by the Rev. J. W. Barrow, a large gathering of representatives of departmental, commercial, and amateur wireless bodies paid their last respects to the deceased, the pall-bearers being well-known amateur wireless operators.

##### 1931 12
#### 1932
##### 1932 07

"Vic Eddy" promotes aircraft being brought into the Navigation Act to ensure contact in emergency, illustrates what can be done without plate batteries with Watty's system
   Letters to the Editor. WIRELESS FOR AIRMEN. Sir,— In these enlightened days it is pitiful to read of the sufferings of those German fliers, just now reclaimed in Northern Australia. And all for the want of an efficient portable medium range wireless telegraph transmitter! Just to hammer home to the various Governments the crying need for extension of the Navigation Act may I have the "air"? When Sir Charles Kingsford Smith turned his plane's nose at Australia, his transmitter dropped a grand signal into Brisbane just before nightfall here on the day he left. And that signal linked us with him, on the two-valve receiver we used. En route to England our strategic WIA station VK4WH Longreach followed him nearly to Singapore. This from air screw driven alternators; their characteristic whining output and broad tuning did the trick, plus, of course, the power employed. Now it has been my experience that pilots sneer at wireless operators. A pilot's Bible consists of maps, compass and a vague something called "sense of direction." I am able to substantiate what next I say. A small transceiver will fill the bill for most aircraft with any of the small receiving valves such as UX201A, DE5, LS5A, TB04/10, a 6-volt 50-hour accumulator and 150 volts of Eveready or Diamond batteries. I'll guarantee to raise New Zealand at night and Sydney night or day. How Is it done? By simple mathematics, and choice of wavelength! That's all! I have repeatedly spoken to New Zealand amateurs who used dry cell valves with 45 volts of battery on the plate. VK7DX used no plate battery on his oscillator at any time to speak to WIA HQ in Melbourne from Hobart. He merely hitched the plate pin of the valve to the positive side of his 6-volt accumulator. When the Southern Cross was lost at Wyndham the operator had 135 volts of dry batteries aboard, and brand new ones at that, any amateur would have been in communication with Perth or Longreach that night. Yet the big wheel was manhandled to drive a generator that was useless on the ground. Furthermore, Brisbane amateurs, at the request of Western Australian search organisation, searched and searched night and day for signals from that plane. Pioneering amateurs install AIM sets in the outback — ask John Flynn. There is no need for elaborate installations to cover medium distances. Bring planes under the scope of the Navigation Act and never more will we read of episodes such as the loss of that three-engined liner which left Sydney and vanished. For Australian conditions an AC plate supply on 32 metres will fill the bill — ask any old time amateur who used that wave before it was filched from them.— Yours, &c., VIC. EDDY.
Annual meeting of WIA Tas records the passing of Watty
   MEETINGS. WIRELESS INSTITUTE. The seventh annual meeting and dinner of the Wireless Institute of Australia (Tasmanian division), was held at Hobart on Saturday evening. Mr. W. E. Masters presided, and there was a large attendance of members and visitors, the latter including Mr. E. J. G. Bowden (Deputy Radio Inspector), Mr. W. A. Woods (president, Listeners' League), and Mr. E. J. Lewis (manager 7ZL). Numerous toasts were honoured, including that of the "Institute," proposed by Mr. W. A. Woods, and responded to by the president. Mr. F. W. Medhurst proposed the toast of the "P.M.G.'s Department," and mentioned the friendly feeling which had always existed between the department and the experimenters. In response, Mr. Bowden thanked members for their co-operation and assistance they had at all times rendered the department. The annual report and balance-sheet showed a credit of £6 8s. 6d. Three members were successful in passing their amateur operator's proficiency examination, which entitles them to operate transmitting stations. The success of these members was due to the work of Mr. R. Buring in conducting classes for those desirous of sitting for this examination. During the year the institute suffered loss by the death of Mr. W. T. Watkins (VK7DX), who was one of the first wireless experimenters in Australia. At the request of the radio inspector the institute has prepared a scheme for co-ordinating amateur broadcasting on the 200 to 250 metre wave length, which is now in operation. During the year amateur stations were again asked to provide communication between Hobart and the mainland when trouble occurred in the submarine cable, and hundreds of messages were handled. The election of officers for the year 1932-33 resulted as follows:— Patron, Mr. F. W. Medhurst (VK7AH); president, Mr. W. E. Masters (VK7MM); vice-presidents, Messrs. W. A. Woods, E. J. Lewis and E. Kirby; council, Messrs. Masters, Medhurst, Every (7GE), Buring (7RB), Jensen (7LJ), Harrisson (7CH) and Drake; hon. treasurer and Q.S.L. officer, Mr. G. E. Every (7GE); hon. solicitor, Mr. W. E. Masters; hon. secretary, Mr. C. Harrisson; assistant secretary and technical director, Mr. R. Buring; traffic manager, Mr. J. Batchler (7JB).

##### 1932 08

In memoriam notice for Watty by his family
   IN MEMORIAM. . . . WATKINS.— In loving memory of our dear son and brother, William Trevor Watkins, who passed away August 25, 1931. Not just to-day, but every day, remembered. Too dearly loved to be forgotten. Inserted by his sorrowing mother, brother, and sister.

##### 1932 12
#### 1933
##### 1933 08

Further In Memoriam notice for Watty by his family
   IN MEMORIAM. . . . WATKINS.— In loving memory of our dear son and brother, William Trevor Watkins, who passed away August 25, 1931. Dearly loved and sadly missed. Inserted by mother, brother, sister.

##### 1933 12
#### 1934
##### 1934 08

Further In Memoriam notice for Watty by his family
   IN MEMORIAM. . . . WATKINS.— In dear and fond remembrance of William (Trevor) Watkins, who passed away August 25, 1931. Remembered every day. Inserted by his mother, brother, and sister.

##### 1934 12
#### 1935
##### 1935 02

Revealed that Watty died intestate
   PURSUANT to Sections 17 and 20 of the Public Trust Office Act, 1930, Notice is hereby given that, after the expiration of fourteen (14) days from the publication hereof the Public Trustee intends to apply to the Supreme Court of Tasmania for Letters of Administration of, or to file an Election to Administer the estates of, the Undermentioned persons, intestate:— William Trevor Watkins, late of Hobart, Radio Engineer. Arthur Edward Klopper, late of Brisbane, Queensland, Service Organiser. E. D. KEMP, Public Trustee.
Public trustee calls for claims upon the estate of Watty
   ALL persons having claims against the undermentioned estates are required to lodge same with the Public Trustee, Hobart, on or before the 23rd day of March next: AGNES HARRISON, late of Eaglehawk Neck, Widow; WILLIAM TREVOR WATKINS, late of Hobart, Radio Engineer. E. D. Kemp, Public Trustee.

##### 1935 05

Watty's brother's occupation a service station proprietor, per police matter
   GUILTY OF THEFT. SENTENCE OF SIX MONTHS. A sentence of imprisonment for six months was passed by the Police Magistrate (Mr. W. Hutchins) in the Hobart Police Court yesterday on Douglas James Withers on a charge of having stolen a motor jack, valued at £2. Accused had a long record of convictions for petty larceny. Detective-Inspector R. W. Fleming prosecuted. The accused pleaded not guilty to having stolen a motor jack, valued at £2, the property of Sidney Vince. Mervyn Leslie Vince, of Lower Longley, said that he left his lorry in Central Street, and when he returned the jack was missing. Accused had been in his company that day. Ernest Norman Watkins, a service station proprietor of Bathurst Street, said that accused asked him to lend him 5s., and offered a jack as security. After some conversation witness accepted it, and gave him the money. Detective G. M. Smith said he interviewed accused, who first denied any knowledge of the affair, but later admitted he had taken it to Watkins at his service station. Accused said that Vince's brother, Ivan, suggested he should raise some money on the jack, which he did. Ivan Laurence Vince denied having given accused authority to raise money on the jack. Accused was found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment for six months.

##### 1935 08

Further In Memoriam notice for Watty by his family, sister appears to have passed recently
   IN MEMORIAM. . . . WATKINS.— In loving memory of our dear son and brother, William (Trevor) Watkins, who passed away August 25, 1931. In mind a constant thought, In heart a silent sorrow. Inserted by his family.

##### 1935 12
#### 1936
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#### 1937
##### 1937 04

Watty mentioned in article about the role of the amateur in emergencies
   OUR WEEKLY RADIO PAGE. "Turn on the Wireless." . . . . THE AMATEUR IN EMERGENCIES. From time to time amateur radio experimenters have assisted the authorities greatly by supply communications in times of emergency. It is practically a daily occurrence in United States for amateurs to come to the assistance of the authorities. In Australia, during the last six or seven years there have been several outstanding examples of this assistance. In April, 1929, a severe storm swept Tasmania and communication between Hobart and Launceston was impossible. The power in Launceston was also cut out so communications direct between the cities was impossible. However, the submarine cable between Launceston and Melbourne was intact and messages were sent to Melbourne to be cleared. It was soon found that the commercial stations could not clear the traffic, and amateur stations 7DK (sic, 7DX) and 7LJ in Hobart and 3LS and 3RJ in Melbourne stepped in, and by using the 40mx band during the day and the 80mx band at night continuous communication was held for many hours. The Launceston stations, who had previously been off due to lack of power, meantime purloined all the batteries available and were in communication between themselves and with outlying stations. That is just one incident in many when amateurs have in no small degree justified their existence. AIRMEN SAVED. Don Knock 2NO was operator at the Wyndham meat works radio station when he heard the SOS of Smith and Shiers when they were forced down in their plane in the Kimberleys. He followed their signals for two or three days and sent out transmissions to them (not knowing that they didn't have a receiver) and also maintained communication with the rest of Australia in advising the disaster and subsequent discovery of the two men who would probably have died but for the picking up of the SOS on the short waves.

##### 1937 08

Further In Memoriam notice for Watty by his family
   IN MEMORIAM. . . . WATKINS.— In loving memory of our dear son and brother, William (Trevor) Watkins, who passed away August 25, 1931, late Wireless Institute of Australia (Tas. Division), Station VK7DX.

##### 1937 12
#### 1938
##### 1938 08

Further In Memoriam notice for Watty by his family
   IN MEMORIAM. . . . WATKINS.— In loving memory of William (Trevor) Watkins; who passed away August 25, 1931. Fond memories live for ever In hearts that loved you so.

##### 1938 12
#### 1939
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### 1940s
#### 1949
##### 1949 01
##### 1949 04

Watty's sister, still single, assaulted on her way home
   FISHERMAN ACQUITTED. ON ASSAULT CHARGE. A MAN who was alleged to have assaulted a woman at West Hobart on March 25 was found not guilty when he appeared in the Hobart Police Court yesterday. Raymond Alfred Farnell, fisherman, of Kettering, was charged with having struck Olive Edeline Watkins, Warwick St., Hobart, in the face with his fist, Farnell pleaded not guilty. He was represented by Mr. J. P. Clark. Mr. O. F. Dixon appeared for Miss Watkins. Olive Edeline Watkins said that she alighted from a Lenah Valley tram at Warwick St. about 9.45 p.m. She was carrying a suitcase and parcel. As she approached her home a man struck her on the cheek bone with a closed fist. The bone was fractured in two places. She fell to the ground. The man leaned over her, and when she screamed he ran down the street. She hailed a passing car driven by Robert Smith, and they drove through several streets looking for the man who had assaulted her. In Elizabeth St. they met Farnell, who denied having assaulted her. She then rang the police. Constable Reginald Allford said he interviewed Parnell at the charge room. Farnell kept repeating: "You've got the wrong man." Allford said Farnell was under the influence of liquor, but was not drunk. Farnell said he had an appointment at an hotel at 9.45 p.m. on March 25. When he was in Elizabeth St. he heard running footsteps. He was frightened and hurried towards the nearest light. A man and a woman who caught up with him accused him of having assaulted the woman, but he denied it. Clyde Boucher, Warwick St., said he heard a woman scream about 9.45 p.m. From his front gate he saw a man running up the street. He could not recognise the man. Mr. Sorell, P.M., said he was not satisfied that Miss Watkins' assailant had been recognised. Miss Watkins' identification had taken place when she was shocked and lying on the ground in a dark part of the street. A charge against Farnell of having assaulted a police officer on March 25 was ordered by Mr. Sorell to be heard by another magistrate.

##### 1949 07

Police matter indicates that Watty's sister Olive now a dressmaker
   Former Police Officer Fined For Assaulting Constable. A FORMER member of the Tasmanian Police Force was fined £15 in the Hobart Police Court yesterday for having assaulted a constable on duty. HE is Raymond Farnell, fisherman, of Kettering, who pleaded not guilty to a charge of having assaulted Constable R. Allford, at Hobart on March 25, by striking him on the face with a fist. Farnell was represented by Mr. J. P. Clark. Constable Allford stated that he went to an hotel to arrest Farnell. After he warned Parnell that he was under arrest, he was taking a grip of him when Parnell swung a closed first and struck him on the left side of the face. In cross-examination by Mr. Clark, Constable Allford said that Miss Olive Watkins had alleged that Farnell had assaulted her. Miss Watkins, a dressmaker, said in cross-examination that Farnell had come out of a lane in Warwick St. and had hit her on a cheek. Farnell, who said he was on the police boat Aralla five or six years ago, denied that he had assaulted Allford. Farnell said Allford had twisted his arm and he had bent down and may have bumped the police officer. Mr. Brettingham-Moore, P.M., said he believed Farnell had struck the constable deliberately. Imposing the fine and ordering Farnell to pay 12/ costs, the P.M. said: "I think all assaults on the police are bad." Insp. Lewis prosecuted.

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## References

* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) XCVII, (13,315): p. 1. 29 November 1912. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10263274. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
* ↑ "UNAUTHORISED WIRELESS". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia): p. 5. 26 January 1921. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23518839. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "“WIRELESS” AT ST. VIRGIL’S.". World (Tasmania, Australia) IV, (25): p. 3. 29 January 1921. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article187557431. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "UNAUTHORISED WIRELESS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIV, (15,991): p. 4. 1 February 1921. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23495540. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "TASMANIAN RADIO CLUB.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIV, (15,995): p. 5. 5 February 1921. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23523581. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE WEATHER.". World (Tasmania, Australia) IV, (31): p. 4. 5 February 1921. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article187558123. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS TELEGRAPEY". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIV, (16,005): p. 3. 17 February 1921. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23488218. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "ZINC WORKS TRAGEDY.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVII, (17,096): p. 5. 19 July 1922. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23551208. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "ITEMS OF INTEREST.". World (Tasmania, Australia) VII, (716): p. 4. 22 February 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article190286477. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVIII, (17,297): p. 9. 14 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23644781. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "ITEMS OF INTEREST.". The Argus (Melbourne) (Victoria, Australia) (23,901): p. 20. 14 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1882621. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR WIRELESS EXPERIMENTERS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVIII, (17,298): p. 4. 15 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23647763. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS TO TASMANIA.". The Argus (Melbourne) (Victoria, Australia) (23,902): p. 9. 15 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1882969. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
* ↑ "MEETINGS, ETC.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVIII, (17,299): p. 10. 16 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23617919. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR WIRELESS EXPERIMENTS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVIII, (17,299): p. 2. 16 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23617876. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR WIRELESS TESTS.". The Argus (Melbourne) (Victoria, Australia) (23,904): p. 15. 17 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1883681. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
* ↑ "PROGRESS IN WIRELESS.". The Argus (Melbourne) (Victoria, Australia) (23,908): p. 12. 22 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1884720. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
* ↑ "Wireless Wonders". North-eastern Advertiser (Tasmania, Australia) XIV, (23): p. 4. 23 March 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article152528176. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVIII, (17,350): p. 4. 21 May 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23689527. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE OF TASMANIA.". Critic (Tasmania, Australia) XVII, (923): p. 1. 1 June 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172048175. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
* ↑ "Wonders of Wireless". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVIII, (17,361): p. 11. 2 June 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23685994. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
* ↑ "MEETINGS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXVIII, (17,382): p. 10. 28 June 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23690700. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS CONCERTS IN HOBART.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (17,392): p. 9. 10 July 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23694824. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "CONCERT BY WIRELESS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (17,405): p. 6. 25 July 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23696368. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "MUSIC THROUGH THE ETHER.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (17,406): p. 6. 26 July 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23692502. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE.". World (Tasmania, Australia) VII, (409): p. 6. 6 October 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article190345021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS BROADCASTING.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,484): p. 12. 27 October 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23686807. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,484): p. 10. 27 October 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23686885. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS BROADCASTING.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,486): p. 5. 30 October 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23678521. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "ITEMS OF INTEREST.". World (Tasmania, Australia) VII, (432): p. 4. 2 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article190348775. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS BROADCASTING DEMONSTRATION.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,491): p. 10. 5 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23657468. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,506): p. 8. 22 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23683345. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS BROADCASTING.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,506): p. 2. 22 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23683309. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,506): p. 8. 22 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23683347. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS BROADCASTING.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,507): p. 11. 23 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23706976. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS BROADCASTING.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,508): p. 10. 24 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23674599. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,508): p. 10. 24 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23674604. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXIX, (14,510): p. 6. 27 November 1923. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23659974. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "PROGRESS OF WIRELESS.". The Argus (Melbourne) (Victoria, Australia) (24,156): p. 16. 8 January 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1932326. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "LOCAL AND GENERAL". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLIV, (11): p. 8. 12 January 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153557110. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE WIRELESS INSTITUTE.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXX, (14,624): p. 10. 9 April 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23728286. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "LOCAL DOINGS.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLIV, (118): p. 3. 17 May 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153592137. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE NEWS WEEKLY BROADCAST". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (15): p. 5 (FIRST EDITION). 16 June 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233517085. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS NOTES". Geelong Advertiser (Victoria, Australia) (24,040): p. 12. 21 June 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article166062218. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "NEW REGULATIONS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (27): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 30 June 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233518896. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "“ON THE AIR”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (39): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 14 July 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233520650. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Club for Hobart". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (39): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 14 July 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233520663. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "The Worldof Radio". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLIV, (178): p. 3. 26 July 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153685357. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "GETTING BUSY". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (51): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 28 July 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233522323. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES FROM HERE AND THERE". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (51): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 28 July 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233522317. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "HERE NOW". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (53): p. 1 (FIRST EDITION). 31 July 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233522720. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE RADIO CLUB". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (56): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 4 August 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233523161. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "The World of Radio". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLIV, (190): p. 4. 9 August 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153683363. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "TROUBLE HUNTING.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLIV, (196): p. 3. 16 August 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153688628. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS IN SCHOOLS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXI, (14,739): p. 16. 23 August 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23759023. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "GOULBURN-STREET SCHOOL". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXI, (14,747): p. 4. 2 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23761357. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "MYSTERIOUS MUSIC". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (86): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 8 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233527059. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES FROM HERE AND THERE". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (86): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 8 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233527033. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "INTERFERENCE PROBLEM". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (86): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 8 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233527054. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "- QUERIES ANSWERED". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (92): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 15 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233527825. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO CLUB MEETS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (92): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 15 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233527821. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
* ↑ "OUR AMATEUR BROADCASTER". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (92): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 15 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233527820. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
* ↑ "HUTCHINS SCHOOL CLUB". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (98): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 22 September 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233528569. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "HOBART DEMONSTRATIONS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXI, (14,773): p. 5. 2 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23767971. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLIV, (239): p. 5. 4 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153703340. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "OPEN MEETING". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (110): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 6 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233530151. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "HOBART RADIO CLUB.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXI, (14,777): p. 10. 7 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23769085. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "IN THE MIDLANDS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (116): p. 3 (FIRST EDITION). 13 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233531061. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (117): p. 7 (FIRST EDITION). 14 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233531216. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO EXHIBITS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (118): p. 2 (FINAL EDITION). 15 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233531295. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (122): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 20 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233531883. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "THUNDER AND LIGHTNING". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (122): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 20 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233531879. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "“ON THE AIR”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (128): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 27 October 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233532655. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
* ↑ "“ON THE AIR”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (134): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 2 November 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233533485. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "MODERN TUNING". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (140): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 10 November 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233534255. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "“ON THE AIR”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (140): p. 4 (FIRST EDITION). 10 November 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233534249. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "7 AA HOBART.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLIV, (275): p. 3. 15 November 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153706128. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "TASMANIAN EFFORTS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (152): p. 4 (FINAL EDITION). 24 November 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233535911. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXI, (17,827): p. 14. 6 December 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23782818. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "“ ON THE AIR ”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (173): p. 1 (FINAL EDITION). 18 December 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233538873. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING". The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (173): p. 1 (FINAL EDITION). 18 December 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233538869. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes. EXPERIMENTS ON THE RECEPTION OF 7ZL.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXI, (17,841): p. 3. 24 December 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23786785. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "LISTEN TO [?AA"]. The News (Tasmania, Australia) 1, (183): p. 1 (FINAL EDITION). 31 December 1924. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233540158. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR BROADCASTING.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,847): p. 5. 1 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23788286. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "LISTEN- IN". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (188): p. 5. 6 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233541014. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,852): p. 3. 7 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23789352. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING BY [?AA"]. The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (200): p. 4 (FINAL EDITION). 20 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233542704. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes. Criticism of 7ZL.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,864): p. 11. 21 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23792537. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING BY 7AA". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (203): p. 5 (FINAL EDITION). 23 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233543184. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ ""ON THE AIR"". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (205): p. 4 (FINAL EDITION). 26 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233543441. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "LISTEN TO U.S.A.". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (208): p. 4 (FINAL EDITION). 29 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233543791. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING TESTS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,871): p. 11. 31 January 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23794958. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "WHEN PITTSBURGH SPOKE TO HOBART". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (211): p. 4 (FINAL EDITION). 2 February 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233544204. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "KDKA". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (217): p. 2 (FINAL EDITION). 9 February 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233544956. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "STATIC EVILS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (217): p. 2 (FINAL EDITION). 9 February 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233544950. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "TALK TO ENGLAND". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (223): p. 2 (FINAL EDITION). 16 February 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233545743. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "HENLEY-ON-TAMAR.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (51): p. 3. 28 February 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153845160. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "VISIT OF U,S, FLEET". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (247): p. 2 (FINAL EDITION). 16 March 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233549084. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,911): p. 10. 21 March 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23805396. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR TRANSMITTERS.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (69): p. 3. 21 March 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153841851. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "ON THE AIR". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (253): p. 4 (FINAL EDITION). 23 March 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233550036. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "“ON THE AIR”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (269): p. 11. 11 April 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233689553. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "NOTES AND NEWS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,937): p. 5. 22 April 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23811682. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (281): p. 11 (FINAL EDITION). 25 April 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233691310. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO CLUB MEETS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (293): p. 11. 9 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233693070. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO IN TASMANIA". News (South Australia) IV, (560): p. 5 (HOME EDITION). 11 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129735538. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS AT CYGNET SHOW.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,956): p. 9. 15 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23816820. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS AT CYGNET". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (299): p. 11. 16 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233694044. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (305): p. 11. 23 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233694898. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WITH THE U.S. FLEET". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (305): p. 11. 23 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233694897. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WORLD-WIDE ITEMS". The Telegraph (Queensland, Australia) (16,376): p. 4 (5 O'CLOCK CITY EDITION). 27 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article181906409. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "“NRRL”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (311): p. 11. 30 May 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233695778. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "NEWS AND COMMENTS.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXII, (17,977): p. 3. 10 June 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23822786. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSIONS ON A SINGLE AERIAL". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (1432): p. 15. 21 June 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58219973. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE RADIO WORLD". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (152): p. 6. 27 June 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153637532. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "LOCAL & GENERAL NEWS.". The Armidale Express And New England General Advertiser (New South Wales, Australia): p. 4. 7 July 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article192067620. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS NOTES.". Morning Bulletin (Queensland, Australia) ([?]): p. 12. 11 July 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55240364. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE RADIO WORLD". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (164): p. 6. 11 July 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153663638. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "LOCAL TRANSMITTERS". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (176): p. 6. 25 July 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153655196. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS TO WARSHIPS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (367): p. 3 (FINAL EDITION). 4 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233704287. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIII, (18,025): p. 14. 5 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29108451. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "EXPERIMENTERS ENTERTAIN". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (371): p. 11 (SECOND EDITION). 8 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233704915. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIII, (18,031): p. 5. 12 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29109352. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "“ ON THE AIR ”". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (377): p. 11 (SECOND EDITION). 15 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233705788. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "EAVESDROPPED!". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (379): p. 1 (FINAL EDITION). 18 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233706053. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (383): p. 2 (SECOND EDITION). 22 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233706639. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "TASMANIA". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (200): p. 6. 22 August 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153658291. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS WEEK by WEEK Our Budget of Broadcasting and Listening-In Lyrics— Of the Greatest Value to the Seeker after Knowledge RADIOGRAMS". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (1444): p. 6 (First Section). 13 September 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58224169. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIII, (18,060): p. 10. 16 September 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29113190. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIII, (18,072): p. 9. 30 September 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29114730. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "HOBART RADIO CLUB". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (418): p. 11 (SECOND EDITION). 3 October 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233575126. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIII, (18,078): p. 3. 7 October 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29115427. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR TRANSMITTERS.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (253): p. 3. 24 October 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153672811. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE RADIO WORLD". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (253): p. 3. 24 October 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153672808. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (436): p. 11 (SECOND EDITION). 24 October 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233577959. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "OSCILLATIONS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (436): p. 11 (SECOND EDITION). 24 October 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233577950. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE RADIO WORLD". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (259): p. 7. 31 October 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153670557. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO EXPERIMENTERS CLUB". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (454): p. 10 (SECOND EDITION). 14 November 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233580692. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "OSCILLATIONS". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (460): p. 10 (SECOND EDITION). 21 November 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233581560. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE RADIO WORLD". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLV, (283): p. 8. 28 November 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153675367. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes.". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIII, (18,131): p. 3. 9 December 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29122391. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "AUSTRALIA DIRECT". The News (Tasmania, Australia) II, (479): p. 1 (FINAL EDITION). 14 December 1925. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233584183. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "D.X. NOTES.". Morning Bulletin (Queensland, Australia) (19175): p. 13. 30 January 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55254991. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMONGST THE HAMS.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLVI, (26): p. 3. 30 January 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153730224. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
* ↑ "COASTAL STATION". The Advocate (Australia) (Tasmania, Australia): p. 11. 10 March 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67641224. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "DX NOTES". Morning Bulletin (Queensland, Australia) (19,294): p. 13. 19 June 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55262016. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR COMMENT". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (1485): p. 7 (Second Section). 27 June 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58244138. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "MEDHURST AND SONS' MODEL HOME.". The Examiner (Tasmania) (Tasmania, Australia) LXXXIV, (178): p. 12 (DAILY). 28 July 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51354288. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "EXPERIMENTERS' CLUB.". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLVI, (193): p. 5. 14 August 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article154057481. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS WEEK BY WEEK". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (1494): p. 7 (Second Section). 29 August 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58247989. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS NOTES.". Morning Bulletin (Queensland, Australia) (19,358): p. 12. 4 September 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article54328540. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "TALKING WITH AMERICA". The Daily Telegraph (New South Wales, Australia) (14,591): p. 7. 14 September 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article246344254. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXV, (18,390): p. 5. 13 October 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29462042. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR NOTES". Sunday Times (Perth) (Western Australia) (1506): p. 18. 21 November 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58253508. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ ""COME TO TASMANIA"". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXV, (18,436): p. 5. 6 December 1926. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29468318. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "The Mainland Day by Day". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVI, (18,513): p. 6. 7 March 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29665627. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO ENQUIRY". The Examiner (Tasmania) (Tasmania, Australia) LXXXV, (79): p. 11 (DAILY). 2 April 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51414922. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS ROYAL COMMISSION". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVI, (18,535): p. 11. 2 April 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29668547. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE WIRELESS ROYAL COMMISSION". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVI, (18,537): p. 7. 5 April 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29668789. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE INDUSTRIAL MISSION". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVI, (18,542): p. 7. 11 April 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29669446. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "INDUSTRIAL TOUR". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLVII, (85): p. 5. 11 April 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article153870314. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "MEETINGS". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVII, (18,622): p. 12. 14 July 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29680032. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO INSTITUTE". Daily Telegraph (Tasmania, Australia) XLVII, (180): p. 2. 1 August 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article154030699. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS ACTIVITIES". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVII, (18,658): p. 4. 25 August 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29684854. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INQUIRY". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVII, (18,675): p. 7. 14 September 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29687106. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVII, (18,710): p. 5. 25 October 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24193943. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE.". The Advertiser (South Australia): p. 18. 17 November 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41351767. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS CONVENTION.". The Advertiser (South Australia): p. 14. 18 November 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41352014. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS AMATEURS.". The Register (Adelaide) (South Australia) XCII, (26,915): p. 11. 21 November 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article54940349. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO BANQUET.". The Advertiser (South Australia): p. 12. 21 November 1927. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article73700044. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXVIII, (18,831): p. 5. 14 March 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24188676. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS". Warwick Daily News (Queensland, Australia) (2813): p. 8. 29 June 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article178815437. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO CONFERENCE". The Examiner (Tasmania) (Tasmania, Australia) LXXXVI, (188): p. 6 (DAILY). 9 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51493642. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,962): p. 3. 15 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29770444. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO CONFERENCE". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,967): p. 8. 21 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29785534. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS LISTENERS". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,968): p. 11. 22 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29777080. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES". Warwick Daily News (Queensland, Australia) (2860): p. 3. 23 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article178820092. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS CONFERENCE". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,969): p. 5. 23 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29779440. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS CONFERENCE". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,971): p. 7. 25 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29789428. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,974): p. 3. 29 August 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29774605. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,980): p. 3. 5 September 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29784734. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,983): p. 4. 8 September 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29779139. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,986): p. 3. 12 September 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29770735. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "A TEN-METRE TRANSMITTER". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (18,998): p. 10. 26 September 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29782139. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "Radio Notes". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (19,004): p. 3. 3 October 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24256055. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXIX, (19,078): p. 4. 29 December 1928. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24235219. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXX, (19,115): p. 4. 11 February 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24252993. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "A BROADCASTING EQUIPMENT". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXX, (19,117): p. 3. 13 February 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24237755. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXX, (19,126): p. 1. 23 February 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24249631. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXX, (19,129): p. 3. 27 February 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24249480. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "BROADCASTING". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXX, (19,146): p. 4. 19 March 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24250549. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "POSTAL COMMUNICATIONS Partial Restoration". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXX, (19,162): p. 12. 8 April 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24257821. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "WHEN AMATEUR WIRELESS SERVED". The Examiner (Tasmania) (Tasmania, Australia) LXXXVII, (98): p. 9 (DAILY). 27 April 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51540945. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "PERSONAL". The Examiner (Tasmania) (Tasmania, Australia) LXXXVII, (109): p. 8 (DAILY). 10 May 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51543537. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO NOTES". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXXI, (19,236): p. 3. 3 July 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24273354. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXXI, (19,252): p. 5. 22 July 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24277045. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE". The Examiner (Tasmania) (Tasmania, Australia) LXXXVII, (171): p. 11 (DAILY). 22 July 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51608487. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS INSTITUTE". The Telegraph (Queensland, Australia) (17,703): p. 4. 30 August 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article182211858. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "THE "COURIER" BUDGET OF PICTORIAL NEWS.". The Brisbane Courier (Queensland, Australia) (22,341): p. 18. 4 September 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21464603. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Wireless News.". The West Australian (Western Australia) XLV, (8,513): p. 7. 2 October 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32316357. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "BY METRE.". The Catholic Press (New South Wales, Australia) (1762): p. 11. 17 October 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article108015117. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "AMATEUR NOTES". The Advertiser (South Australia): p. 10. 16 November 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29637555. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Wireless Reserve". The Telegraph (Queensland, Australia) (17,773): p. 12 (5 O'CLOCK CITY EDITION). 20 November 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article180090982. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
* ↑ "AMATEUR NOTES.". The Advertiser (South Australia): p. 10. 30 November 1929. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29641145. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS AND BROADCASTING.". The Catholic Press (New South Wales, Australia) (1780): p. 4. 20 February 1930. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article108137676. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "WIRELESS AND BROADCASTING.". The Catholic Press (New South Wales, Australia) (1782): p. 4. 13 March 1930. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article108137362. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Amateur Notes". The Telegraph (Queensland, Australia) (17921): p. 11. 14 May 1930. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184434879. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Amateur Notes". The Telegraph (Queensland, Australia) (17,939): p. 10. 4 June 1930. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184443358. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Notes from a Log". The Telegraph (Queensland, Australia) (18,041): p. 12 (5 O'CLOCK CITY EDITION). 1 October 1930. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184788430. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "BUSY DX WEEK". The Advertiser (South Australia): p. 9. 4 October 1930. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29839550. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "RADIO EXPERIMENTERS". The Canberra Times (Australian Capital Territory, Australia) 5, (1092): p. 3. 23 April 1931. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2372180. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXXV, (19,984): p. 1. 26 August 1931. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29921982. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "OBITUARY". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXXV, (19,986): p. 6. 28 August 1931. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29922396. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
* ↑ "Letters to the Editor". The Telegraph (Queensland, Australia): p. 8 (FIRST EDITION). 8 July 1932. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article181271074. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "MEETINGS". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXXVII, (20,268): p. 8. 25 July 1932. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24691487. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXXVII, (20,295): p. 1. 25 August 1932. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24723737. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXXXIX, (20,608): p. 1. 25 August 1933. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24891172. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXLI, (20,919): p. 1. 25 August 1934. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article24958743. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXLII, (20,073): p. 10. 23 February 1935. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29182719. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Advertising". Voice (Tasmania, Australia) 8, (8): p. 5. 23 February 1935. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article218830321. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "GUILTY OF THEFT". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXLII, (20,155): p. 3. 31 May 1935. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30088827. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXLIII, (20,228): p. 1. 24 August 1935. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30102283. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "OUR WEEKLY RADIO PAGE". Daily Examiner (New South Wales, Australia) 28, (8968): p. 13. 30 April 1937. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193605209. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXLVII, (20,828): p. 1. 25 August 1937. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25422700. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "Family Notices". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CXLIX, (21,138): p. 1. 25 August 1938. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25467445. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
* ↑ "FISHERMAN ACQUITTED ON ASSAULT CHARGE". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CLXIX, (24,441): p. 20. 12 April 1949. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26492881. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
* ↑ "Former Police Officer Fined For Assaulting Constable". The Mercury (Tasmania, Australia) CLXIX, (24,519): p. 18. 13 July 1949. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26646016. Retrieved 31 January 2021.