OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Applied Science AQA/Electric Circuits
## Topic Title
### Setting Applied context

Electric circuits are found in a huge number of devices. Electrical and electronic engineers are able to alter the properties of an electrical circuit by adding different components.
| Syllabus Content | What you need to do |
| • calculating current, voltage, power and resistance in a range of electrical circuits • calculating the heating effect of a current • the formulas:  I = Q/t  P = IV I = V/R  rate of heat loss = I $^2$ R • the behaviour of electric current, voltage and resistance in series and parallel circuits | |

### Exploration of key ideas (must be original text, not C&P) – level checked by AQA

In general, point students towards the approach to take, as opposed to just giving them information.

#### Circuit Symbols

The circuit symbols that will be used in learning and the production of a circuit are the following picture on the left. This doesn't include the light dependent resistor (LDR), light independent resistor (LIR) or the thermistor.

#### Calculating : I, V, P, Q, R.

The way that you calculate Current or I, is to use the equation; Q/t (Q being charge, t being time).
An example could be if a hairdryer has a current of 300A and is active for 30 secs, the hairdryer would have a charge of 10c or coulombs.
For Power or P you will use the equation; I*V (I is Current, V is volts).
An example of this would be, a hairdryer uses 300A and 150V.

#### Concept 4

explanation 4

### Study Task

Work to do to understand this topic e.g. research, analysis

### Careers and Organisations

Carry out some research into these jobs in this area. (Feel free to add other jobs you find.)
| Research these roles: | What are the benefits of this role to society? | What organisations would employ someone in this role?  (Where would they work?) | What would someone in this role have to do within the organisation? | What scientifically-related skills do they need to have?  What techniques do they need to have mastered? | What experience is needed to undertake this role and its responsibilities within an organisation? | What other science personnel will they work with in their organisation. |
| Job 1 | | | | | | |
| Job 2 | | | | | | |

### Relevant practical/s

– relating to criteria skills

### Quick questions

Example:
quick questions
click to reveal answer

### Exam-style questions

– can we use old AQA qs… e.g. from more than 5 years ago? With Examiner comments
click to reveal answer

### Links

to other sections within this book
to good external websites (including AQA website, wikipedia, relevant applications / companies) - also considering links in spec

### References / Bibliography

of recommended text books
including mapped refs to existing books
Back to Contents
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source

Welcome to animating weapons for Counter-Strike Source.

## Contents

* Setting up
** Questions
** Applications Used
** Setting up the Source SDK
** Setting up the Work Folders
** Extracting Files From GCFs
** Decompiling the Default Model
** Setting up the XSI Development Environment
** Navigating in the 3D world of XSI
** Converting and Importing Textures into XSI Mod Tool
** Rigging the Hands
** Preparing the Weapon for Rigging
** Rigging the Weapon
** Exporting the Models
** Changing Materials
** Changing Weapons
* Animating
** Setting up the Camera
** Idle Animation
** Testing Animations
** Shoot Animation
** Editing Attachments
** Draw Animation
** Reload Animation

## External links

* Official site
* Counter-Strike: Source servers
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Converting and Importing Textures into XSI Mod Tool
## Converting your textures and importing them into XSI Mod Tool

Purpose: To easily view textured models in XSI Mod Tool.
* Open IrfanView.
* Drag and drop a texture on to IrfanView.
* Press s on the keyboard to save the picture.
* Select BMP (the first option) from the drop down list and save it to your "tocompile" directory.
* Repeat this process for all textures used by your model.
* Take all of your BMP files, and copy them to:
** C:\Softimage\XSI_4.2_ModTool\Data\XSI_SAMPLES\Pictures\
** C:\SoftImage\XSI_6_ModTool\Data\XSI_SAMPLES\Pictures\
Explanation: This makes your textures inherently present in XSI Mod Tool so you do not have to go through manually adding the textures.
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Decompiling the Default Model
## Decompiling the Default Model

Purpose: To decompile the default models to use as a guideline for your compilation
Note: Make sure Steam is running.
* Open up Cannonfodder's mdl decompiler. (execute as admin)
* Uncheck "Use Steam File Access"
* Check "Do not fix rotations on animations".
* Click the ellipses next to "Choose Model File".
* Navigate to your "default" folder and select the mdl file.
* Click the ellipses next to "Choose Output Directory".
* Navigate to the "default" folder again and select it.
* Click extract. Two things can happen:
* mdldecompiler.exe crashes - Get an older version of Cannonfodder's mdl decompiler and place it in your sourcesdk\bin\ep1\bin directory and try with that exe.
* Dump completes successfully - No extra work here!
# Animal Rights/Vegetarianism

Vegetarianism is a word which has at least slightly varying connotations within different cultural contexts. Here it simply indicates the practice of not consuming any animal flesh. Vegetarianism has a major offshoot or expansion, veganism, which is the practice of not consuming any animal products (in terms of food, this means no meat, eggs, milk, or honey).
There are many reasons for adopting vegetarianism: religious, ecological, etc. While this chapter will certainly be going into those concepts, it will focus itself on adoption of vegetarianism/veganism and how it is used in support of animal rights.

## References

* Havala, Suzanne. Being Vegetarian For Dummies.
* Raymond, Carole. Student's Vegetarian Cookbook.

## Links

General:
* http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2006/apr/vegvegan
* http://www.nrdc.org/health/effects/mercury/sushi.asp
Recipes:
* Cookbook:Vegetarian cuisine
* Cookbook:Vegan cuisine
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Changing Weapons

Jed's Half Life Model Viewer is a program that edits textures in CS such as: weapons, players, and others... what means is a program that edits model files (.mdl). Now to edit your own textures you have to download GIMP (like Paint) but make sure it's this program because it doesn't work on Paint or others; you can use any of the tools shown. To download Jed's Half Life Model Viewer and GIMP click on this link:
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Exporting the Models
## Setting up the Scene

* Open up the Scene Explorer by pressing the Scene button on the right.
* Click the light source and press DELETE.
Explanation: This lets the game perform the lighting for you when you export the models.

## Fixing the Hierarchy

* Press 9 to bring up the schematic view of the scene.
* Select the null called ValveBiped.
* Click the Parent button on the right hand panel under Constrain.
* Click the two black rectangles.
* Select the null called ValveBiped.ValveBiped.
* Click the Parent button on the right hand panel under Constrain.
* Click the Frame null.
* Now right click and press Ctrl+R.

## Exporting

* Change the selection filter to null. On the right hand panel under Select, click the button that looks like a circle with a triangle inside it. Click null.
* Press Ctrl+A to select all objects.
* On the right hand panel click Transform, and then click Set Neutral Pose.
* Change the selection filter back to object.
* First, find a folder to which you will export your models and animations. You should already have this folder if you read Setting up the Work Folders. Use the tocompile folder.
* Save the scene now.
* Select the LR-300 and delete it by pressing delete.
* On the top menu, click ValveSource>Export SMD.
* Make sure the drop down list has "Model(.SMD)" selected.
* Check only the first box.
* Export it as hands.smd or something meaningful.
* Reopen the scene without saving it.
* Repeat the exporting process for the LR-300.
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Applications Used
## Applications

All of the applications are free except for Counter-Strike: Source. Let's take a look at the applications that you will be using:
| Application | Use | Comes with Source SDK |
| Steam | platform required for Source SDK to function | |
| Counter-Strike: Source | testing the actual look of your model in the game | yes |
| Source SDK | provides a source of tools for compiling models | |
| Cannonfodder's mdl decompiler | decompiles original models as a guideline to compiling a new model | yes |
| studiomdl | compiling models | yes |
| HLMV (Half Life Model Viewer) | preview compiled models | yes |
| vtex | Convert TGA textures to VTF textures | yes |
| IrfanView | converting the textures to BMP format | no |
| GCFScape | extracting the original files out of the game | no |
| SOFTIMAGE®|XSI® 6 Mod Tool (with ValveSource addon) | animating the model and exporting it | no |
| XSI Mod Tool 6 Update | updating XSI Mod Tool to a more stable version | no |
| Crosswalk | merging XSI Mod Tool 6 scenes | no |
| SOFTIMAGE®|XSI® 4.2 Mod Tool (with ValveSource addon) | rigging the model and merging it | no |
| Text editor | editing the QC file | no |

## Why do you need 2 XSI Mod Tools?

You need two XSI Mod Tools because XSI Mod Tool 6 is not fully functional for our purposes. Mod Tool 6 cannot merge scenes or import smds properly. Here is a feature comparison of the two Mod Tools.
| Feature | XSI Mod Tool 6 | XSI Mod Tool 4.2 |
| import smds with proper skeletons | No | Yes |
| export smds with proper skeletons | Yes | yes, sometimes doesn't work |
| Merge Scenes | yes | yes (easier) |
| open Mod Tool 4.2 scenes | yes | yes |
| open Mod Tool 6 scenes | yes | no |
| registration required to save and export scenes | no | yes |
Click here to register XSI Mod Tool 4.2.
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Editing Attachments
## Setting Up

* Open the QC file and HLMV.
* In HLMV go to File>Load Model.
* Select the folder weapons and then select the file v_rif_sg552.mdl. (You may select a different model depending what you are animating.)
* Load the model.
* In the render tab on the bottom, uncheck everything except Enable Overbrightening.

## Navigating in HLMV

* Dragging left click in the circle will affect the pitch and yaw of the model.
* Dragging left click out of the circle will affect the roll of the model.
* Holding onto SHIFT and dragging left click will pan the model around.
* Holding onto CONTROL and dragging left click will pan the light source around.
* Dragging right click either outside or in the circle will zoom the model in and out.

## Retrieving the Attachments' Locations

* Click the Attachments tab on the bottom of HLMV.
* On the left box, select the attachment 1. This is the muzzle flash.
* On the right box, attach the attachment to ValveBiped.Frame.
* Under the translation box, enter some values and experiment with where you want to place the muzzle flash. Do not use the rotation parameter.
* Once you have found the position, HLMV will tell you what the QC line of code should be. Copy and paste it while replacing the old $attachment line.
* On the left box, select the attachment 2. This is the shell ejection vector. (Where the shells fly out after you fire the gun.)
* On the right box, attach the attachment to ValveBiped.Frame.
* The x axis (red) is the direction in which the shells will fly out.
* Change the translation so the attachment is centered on the shell ejection port.
* Once you have found the position, HLMV will tell you what the QC line of code should be. Copy and paste it while replacing the old $attachment line.
* Save the QC file.
# Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Changing Materials

Changing Counter-Strike materials
One thing that I hate about Counter Strike is what bots follow (there is a map that have buttons to switch the light off and these bots always play with it). Don't worry; it's very simple and very easy. In Counter-Strike files there is a file called "materials.txt". Open this file and change the first option in the 12th line. It's 'M' for metal and it can be changed, but be careful to not add or remove options or CS will not run. Now run CS and see how it worked. Enjoy playing CS.
# Automobile Repair/Mini/Cooper R50 (2001–2006)/Electrical

Remove battery
* Disconnect negative cable
* Disconnect positive cable
* Remove battery hold down
* Remove battery.
Install battery
* Replace battery.
* Install hold down
* Connect positive cable
* Connect negative cable.
# Automobile Repair/Nissan/Maxima (4th Generation)

This book is a guide on how to maintain and repair 4th Generation Nissan Maxima's.

## Table of Contents
### Maintenance

* Changing the air filter
* Changing the fuel filter
* Changing the engine coolant
* Changing the oil and oil filter
* Changing the Spark plugs
* How to clean the mass air flow sensor
* Replacing the battery
* Replacing the PCV value
* Replacing the serpentine belt
* Rotating the tires

### Minor engine repairs

* Replacing the engine coolant temperature sensor
* Replacing the engine thermal transmitter
* Replacing the engine thermostat
* Replacing the knock sensor
* Replacing the mass air flow sensor
* Replacing the valve cover gaskets

### Interior work

* Changing your automatic shifter
* Replacing your carpeting
* Replacing your door handles
* Replacing your door panels
* Replacing your glove compartment armrest
* Replacing your roof panel and sun visors
* Replacing your back bench seats
* Replacing your bucket seats

### Accessing the check engine information

* With only a screw driver
* With a OBD II reader

### Reprogramming Keyless entry

* How to Reprogramming Keyless entry
# Automobile Repair/Mini/Cooper R50 (2001–2006)

Mini Cooper R50 (2001–2006) repair manual.
* Routine maintenance
* Engine
* Manual transmission
* Automatic transmission
* Suspension and steering
* Brakes
* Electrical
* Body, trim and interior
* Diagnostic troubleshooting
# Automobile Repair/Mitsubishi

Mitsubishi (MMC),Japan vehicle normal most of the dealer prefers every 5,000km due to service 01. First service -- 1,000km (This service dealers just check all area (bumper to bumper)& make road test for checking noise, vibration, pulling power,..etc. 02. Second service -- 5,000km ( this service include all checkup and Engine oil & oil filer replacement also. 03. Third service -- 10,000km (This service include all checkup, engine oil & oil filter replacement and service brake adjustment/cleaning also.)
# Automobile Repair/Nissan
## Models

* 200SX
* 240SX
* 280ZX
* 300ZX
* 350Z
* Altima
* Maxima
** Maxima (1st Generation)
** Maxima (2nd Generation)
** Maxima (3rd Generation)
** Maxima (4th Generation)
** Maxima (5th Generation)
** Maxima (6th Generation)
* Pathfinder
* Sentra
* Skyline
* Stanza
* Tiida
* Xterra
** Xterra (1st Generation)
** Xterra (2nd Generation)
* D21
# Automobile Repair/Nissan/Maxima (4th Generation)/Changing the air filter

The air filter keeps dust and other particles from getting into the intake and damaging your engine. So it is important to make sure that it is clean, because as dust builds up it will restrict air flow to the engine. How often it needs to be changed, depends on what conditions you drive in.

## Tools/Parts needed

* A new air filter

## Procedure

* Open the hood and find the box on the right side of the car that holds the filter (see Fig. #1).
* Pop the four clips back on each side and lift it up and remove the filter.
* Insert new filter pointing down (see Fig. #2) and reattach the clips.
# Automobile Repair/Nissan/Maxima (4th Generation)/Changing your automatic shifter
## Tools/Parts needed

* Flat headed screw driver
* A small towel
* A Phillips-head screw driver
* New automatic shifter
* Knife
* Electrical tape

## Procedure

* Remove the cover plate that goes around the shifter with the screw driver and using the small towel to prevent damage to the cover.
* Use the Phillips head to remove the screw holding the ashtray to the dash and unplug its light.
* Remove the four Phillips head screws holding the center console and leaf it up and out. There are two screws on the back sides, you will need to put the seats all the way forward. The other two are in the front were the dashboard meets the center console.
* Now remove the four Phillips head screws holding the shifter information panel in place (but don't try to remove it).
* Now while the car engine is off and e-brake engaged, put the shifter into Drive. Now remove the two Phillips head screws on the back side of it.
* Now look that the base were the shifter goes into the shifter rod, there are two wires there. Cut them wile leaving some slack to twist the new shifter wires.
* Pull the shifter out, the button should pop out so be ready to catch it.
* Drop the new shifter onto the shifter rod
* Now lift the shifter up off of the rod about and inch and push the shifter button with the spring into its hole and put the shifter all the way down the road.
* Now put the two screw back in the back of the shifter.
# Automobile Repair/Nissan/Maxima (4th Generation)/Changing the fuel filter
## Tools/Parts needed

* A short Phillips-head screw driver
* New fuel filter
* Some absorbent paper towels or a rag

## Procedure

* First remove fuel pump fuse, this located in the dash board fusebox. Its a blue 15A fuse all the way on the right side a little over half way down.
* Now start the engine and wait for it to stall, once it stalls turn it over a few more times to get all the pressure out of the fuel lines.
* Now find the fuel filter, its in the very back of the engine compartment behind the intake.
* The fuel filter has two hoses, one coming in the bottom from the fuel pump the and the other coming out the top. There are clamps on each hose, loosen them with the Phillips-head screw diver and pull them away from the filter.
* Now pull the hoses off of the filter and try to soak up any fuel remaining in the line with a towel.
* Attach each line to the new filter and push the clamps back over the hoses and re-tighten the screws with the Phillips-head screw driver.
* Now just put the fuel pump fuse back in the fuse box.
# Automobile Repair/Nissan/Maxima (4th Generation)/Changing the oil and oil filter

Changing you oil/filter regularly is one of the most important things you can do to keep your engine running. It should be done between 3,000 miles and 7,000 miles depending on how the car is driven.

## Tools/Parts needed

* New oil filter
* Oil filter wrench
* A medium size adjustable wrench or a metric socket set.
* 5 quarts of new engine oil

## Procedure

* Let engine warm up, 5 minutes should be enough.
* Pull front passenger side of the car up on to a curb (or your preferred way of raising the front of the car).
* Get under the car, look for the belts on the passenger side, there will be a small tank under them with a bolt in it.
* Remove the bolt, and let all the oil come out.
* When the oil is done dripping use your oil filter wrench to remove the oil filter (it loosens by pulling the end of the wrench towards the front of the car. Once off let it drip for a while.
* Now reinstall the engine oil plug tightly.
* Now install the new oil filter (bottom of filter rotates toward the back of the car), after the seal on the filter meets the engine tighten it one rotation with the wrench.
* Fill engine with four quarts of oil and start for a minute, shut car off and remove and clean dipstick. Check oil level with dip stick. If the dip stick is not giving accurate reading let the oil settle to the bottom of the engine for 5 to 10 minutes. Add oil until the dip stick is a little below the H line on the dip stick.

## Notes

* Make sure that your oil is above the L line. Running it below could lead to expensive engine repairs.
* Make sure oil does not exceed the H level, this is just as bad as not having enough oil in the engine.
# Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in street photography

Street photography is a genre of photographic art, where uses random events, incidents, scenes from life, etc. as its subject matter. Contrary to the first word contained in the name of genre, not only the street, but also any public places can serve as a space for action.

## General information

This genre is a relatively new concept in photography. Its essence lies in the fact that the photographer, having found himself (more often involuntarily) in the right place at the right time, like a cowboy from American Western, deftly takes the camera out of "holster" to capture a scene which might not be there a second later. Usually there are people in the frame, but sometimes it happens that their presence is only implied (see photo 2 in the gallery).
Street photography is documentary in its essence and content, and designed to reflect the reality that surrounds us, but some authors artificially create scenes of events, inviting posing participants in order to later pass off the image as a random shot. Such actions are rather the exception to the rule.

## Ways of implementation

Of course, it is not easy to go out every morning to "photohunt", hoping to see an interesting street scene: unsuccessful "outings" can last for weeks and months. Therefore, following the example of the author, become travelers: wandering around the cities and villages of the globe, sooner or later you will witness an interesting episode from the life of the natives of a particular country; all that remains is to quickly point the camera lens at what you sees and sharply press the shutter button. As an example, look the photoworks in gallery: they were shot by accident in different countries.
But if you are alarmed of the costs and difficulties that are inevitable in the life of a traveler — this is not your genre — test yourself, for example, in landscape photography.

## Gallery

Photos taken by the author of article on a Papuan expedition
* Gazing into the abyss (Laos)
* Just yesterday they were barking (Kambodia)
* Almost symmetry (China)
* And they have two problems... (PNG)
* Queue (China)
# Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in style of pictorialism

Pictorialism is a movement in photographic art, whose proponents, by manipulating the original image, give it additional features of artistry, as a result of which the photograph becomes similar to painting.

## General information

The style of photographic art,, whose name comes from the word "pictorial", arose in the West at the end of the 19th century; it was a reaction to the recognition of photography as a static display of reality that had nothing to do with art. Probably, in those years, the concept “photo artist” (that is, a master of artistic photography) was born.
As a rule, in photographs belonging to this style, the image is blurred to one degree or another, which contrasts them with straight photography; and the shades are monochromatic, ranging from browns to pale blues.

## Ways of implementation

The 21st century, in contrast to the period when the style was born, offers the author a wide range of opportunities for photo processing: first of all — a variety of graphic editors, however, “grandfather methods” can also be used if desired. At the same time, you need to remember that the original photo work must contain elements of artistry, otherwise post-processing will be powerless.
Blurry contours, ambient lighting, smooth transitions, preference for night and foggy scenes - these factors will help you in your work. For shooting, you should choose landscapes, portraits, nudes — these are the themes that prevailed in the works of the founders of the style.
I would like to remind you that this manual is intended to familiarize you with the basics of photographic art. Those who wish to study the subject in depth, including the historical premices to the emergence of the style, may refer to the encyclopedic article.

## Gallery

* Indian family (2008)
* Hopelessness (2006)
* Silver streams (2011)
* Girl by the stream (2007)
* Hut in the jungle (2019)

## See also

Creating stylized retro photo works — educational article about the genre of photography, which has similarities with pictorialism.