OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# C Programming/POSIX Reference/unistd.h/close

For most file systems, a program terminates access to a file in a filesystem using the close system call. This flushes buffers, updates file metadata (which may include and end of file indicator in the data), de-allocates resources associated with the file (including the file descriptor) and updates the system wide table of files in use. Some languages maintain a structure of files opened by its run-time library and may close when the program terminates. Some operating systems will invoke the close if the program terminates. Some operating systems will invoke the close as part of an operating system recovery as a result of a system failure.

#### C library POSIX definition

The close call is standardized by the POSIX specification
The function returns zero to indicate the file was closed successfully. If any error occurs, a value of -1 is returned and errno is appropriately set.
The errors that can occur include:
| EBADF | The argument supplied was not a valid file descriptor |
| EINTR | The function call was interrupted by a signal |
| EIO | An I/O error occurred |

## Reference

POSIX close
# Ba Zi/HP H8
## Hour Pillar For Day HS8

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi
| Time of Birth | Hour Pillar |
| 11pm-1am (Heavenly Stem) | HS5 |
| *11pm-1am (Earthly Branch) | EB1 |
| 1am-3am (Heavenly Stem) | HS6 |
| *1am-3am (Earthly Branch) | EB2 |
| 3am-5am (Heavenly Stem) | HS7 |
| *3am-5am (Earthly Branch) | EB3 |
| 5am-7am (Heavenly Stem) | HS8 |
| *5am-7am (Earthly Branch) | EB4 |
| 7am-9am (Heavenly Stem) | HS9 |
| *7am-9am (Earthly Branch) | EB5 |
| 9am-11am (Heavenly Stem) | HS10 |
| *9am-11am (Earthly Branch) | EB6 |
| 11am-1pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS1 |
| *11am-1pm (Earthly Branch) | EB7 |
| 1pm-3pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS2 |
| *1pm-3pm (Earthly Branch) | EB8 |
| 3pm-5pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS3 |
| *3pm-5pm (Earthly Branch) | EB9 |
| 5pm-7pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS4 |
| *5pm-7pm (Earthly Branch) | EB10 |
| 7pm-9pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS5 |
| *7pm-9pm (Earthly Branch) | EB11 |
| 9pm-11pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS6 |
| *9pm-11pm (Earthly Branch) | EB12 |
# Ba Zi/HP H9
## Hour Pillar For Day HS9

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi
| Time of Birth | Hour Pillar |
| 11pm-1am (Heavenly Stem) | HS7 |
| *11pm-1am (Earthly Branch) | EB1 |
| 1am-3am (Heavenly Stem) | HS8 |
| *1am-3am (Earthly Branch) | EB2 |
| 3am-5am (Heavenly Stem) | HS9 |
| *3am-5am (Earthly Branch) | EB3 |
| 5am-7am (Heavenly Stem) | HS10 |
| *5am-7am (Earthly Branch) | EB4 |
| 7am-9am (Heavenly Stem) | HS1 |
| *7am-9am (Earthly Branch) | EB5 |
| 9am-11am (Heavenly Stem) | HS2 |
| *9am-11am (Earthly Branch) | EB6 |
| 11am-1pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS3 |
| *11am-1pm (Earthly Branch) | EB7 |
| 1pm-3pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS4 |
| *1pm-3pm (Earthly Branch) | EB8 |
| 3pm-5pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS5 |
| *3pm-5pm (Earthly Branch) | EB9 |
| 5pm-7pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS6 |
| *5pm-7pm (Earthly Branch) | EB10 |
| 7pm-9pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS7 |
| *7pm-9pm (Earthly Branch) | EB11 |
| 9pm-11pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS8 |
| *9pm-11pm (Earthly Branch) | EB12 |
# Ba Zi/HP H5
## Hour Pillar For Day HS5

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi
| Time of Birth | Hour Pillar |
| 11pm-1am (Heavenly Stem) | HS9 |
| *11pm-1am (Earthly Branch) | EB1 |
| 1am-3am (Heavenly Stem) | HS10 |
| *1am-3am (Earthly Branch) | EB2 |
| 3am-5am (Heavenly Stem) | HS1 |
| *3am-5am (Earthly Branch) | EB3 |
| 5am-7am (Heavenly Stem) | HS2 |
| *5am-7am (Earthly Branch) | EB4 |
| 7am-9am (Heavenly Stem) | HS3 |
| *7am-9am (Earthly Branch) | EB5 |
| 9am-11am (Heavenly Stem) | HS4 |
| *9am-11am (Earthly Branch) | EB6 |
| 11am-1pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS5 |
| *11am-1pm (Earthly Branch) | EB7 |
| 1pm-3pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS6 |
| *1pm-3pm (Earthly Branch) | EB8 |
| 3pm-5pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS7 |
| *3pm-5pm (Earthly Branch) | EB9 |
| 5pm-7pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS8 |
| *5pm-7pm (Earthly Branch) | EB10 |
| 7pm-9pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS9 |
| *7pm-9pm (Earthly Branch) | EB11 |
| 9pm-11pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS10 |
| *9pm-11pm (Earthly Branch) | EB12 |
# Ba Zi/HP H6
## Hour Pillar For Day HS6

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi
| Time of Birth | Hour Pillar |
| 11pm-1am (Heavenly Stem) | HS1 |
| *11pm-1am (Earthly Branch) | EB1 |
| 1am-3am (Heavenly Stem) | HS2 |
| *1am-3am (Earthly Branch) | EB2 |
| 3am-5am (Heavenly Stem) | HS3 |
| *3am-5am (Earthly Branch) | EB3 |
| 5am-7am (Heavenly Stem) | HS4 |
| *5am-7am (Earthly Branch) | EB4 |
| 7am-9am (Heavenly Stem) | HS5 |
| *7am-9am (Earthly Branch) | EB5 |
| 9am-11am (Heavenly Stem) | HS6 |
| *9am-11am (Earthly Branch) | EB6 |
| 11am-1pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS7 |
| *11am-1pm (Earthly Branch) | EB7 |
| 1pm-3pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS8 |
| *1pm-3pm (Earthly Branch) | EB8 |
| 3pm-5pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS9 |
| *3pm-5pm (Earthly Branch) | EB9 |
| 5pm-7pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS10 |
| *5pm-7pm (Earthly Branch) | EB10 |
| 7pm-9pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS1 |
| *7pm-9pm (Earthly Branch) | EB11 |
| 9pm-11pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS2 |
| *9pm-11pm (Earthly Branch) | EB12 |
# Ba Zi/Heavenly Stems

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi

## Heavenly Stems

There are ten Heavenly Stems (represented by the acronyms "H" or "HS") used in the construction of the Four Pillars of Ba Zi (四柱八字), a method of Chinese Divination based on a person's date and time of birth. For example, both the acronyms "HS1" and "H1" represent the first Heavenly Stem, namely "Jia" (Yang Wood), as shown in the tables below.
| S/N | Heavenly Stem (天干) | Notation | Chinese Pinyin | Simplified Chinese | Yin/Yang (阴阳) | Five Elements (五行) | Zang/Fu (organ) |
| 1 | Jia | HS1 | jiǎ | 甲 | Yang | Wood | Gall Bladder |
| 2 | Yi | HS2 | yǐ | 乙 | Yin | Wood | Liver |
| 3 | Bing | HS3 | bǐng | 丙 | Yang | Fire | Small Intestine |
| 4 | Ding | HS4 | dīng | 丁 | Yin | Fire | Heart |
| 5 | Wu | HS5 | wù | 戊 | Yang | Earth | Stomach |
| 6 | Ji | HS6 | jǐ | 己 | Yin | Earth | Spleen |
| 7 | Geng | HS7 | gēng | 庚 | Yang | Metal | Large Intestine |
| 8 | Xin | HS8 | xīn | 辛 | Yin | Metal | Lung |
| 9 | Ren | HS9 | rén | 壬 | Yang | Water | Urinary Bladder |
| 10 | Gui | HS10 | guǐ | 癸 | Yin | Water | Kidney |

## Heavenly Stem Combinations and Clashes

| HS | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | H7 | H8 | H9 | H10 |
| H1 | | | | | Clash Element | 5Com Earth | Clash Direction | | | |
| H2 | | | | | | Clash Element | 5Com Metal | Clash Direction | | |
| H3 | | | | | | | Clash Element | 5Com Water | Clash Direction | |
| H4 | | | | | | | | Clash Element | 5Com Wood | Clash Direction |
| H5 | Clash Element | | | | | | | | Clash Element | 5Com Fire |
| H6 | 5Com Earth | Clash Element | | | | | | | | Clash Element |
| H7 | Clash Direction | 5Com Metal | Clash Element | | | | | | | |
| H8 | | Clash Direction | 5Com Water | Clash Element | | | | | | |
| H9 | | | Clash Direction | 5Com Wood | Clash Element | | | | | |
| H10 | | | | Clash Direction | 5Com Fire | Clash Element | | | | |
Notes:
* In the above table, "5Com" means the 5 Combinations of two adjacent Heavenly Stems. These combinations result in a good structure of a person's Ba Zi
* "Clash" means that the Heavenly Stems clash with each other in the Ba Zi, when they are next to each other. Clashes will result in a poor structure of a person's Ba Zi.
* If there is a Clash of two adjacent Stems, as well as a Combination with another Stem, the Clash will not occur, as Combinations take precedence over Clashes.
# Ba Zi/House of Conception

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi

## House of Conception

| Month (example) | General Principle to derive the House of Conception | House of Conception |
| H7 | Move forward the Heavenly Stem of the Month Pillar by one position | H8 |
| E3 | Move forward the Earthly Branch of the Month Pillar by three positions | E6 |
# Ba Zi/HP H7
## Hour Pillar For Day HS7

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi
| Time of Birth | Hour Pillar |
| 11pm-1am (Heavenly Stem) | HS3 |
| *11pm-1am (Earthly Branch) | EB1 |
| 1am-3am (Heavenly Stem) | HS4 |
| *1am-3am (Earthly Branch) | EB2 |
| 3am-5am (Heavenly Stem) | HS5 |
| *3am-5am (Earthly Branch) | EB3 |
| 5am-7am (Heavenly Stem) | HS6 |
| *5am-7am (Earthly Branch) | EB4 |
| 7am-9am (Heavenly Stem) | HS7 |
| *7am-9am (Earthly Branch) | EB5 |
| 9am-11am (Heavenly Stem) | HS8 |
| *9am-11am (Earthly Branch) | EB6 |
| 11am-1pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS9 |
| *11am-1pm (Earthly Branch) | EB7 |
| 1pm-3pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS10 |
| *1pm-3pm (Earthly Branch) | EB8 |
| 3pm-5pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS1 |
| *3pm-5pm (Earthly Branch) | EB9 |
| 5pm-7pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS2 |
| *5pm-7pm (Earthly Branch) | EB10 |
| 7pm-9pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS3 |
| *7pm-9pm (Earthly Branch) | EB11 |
| 9pm-11pm (Heavenly Stem) | HS4 |
| *9pm-11pm (Earthly Branch) | EB12 |
# Ba Zi/Hidden Stems

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi

## Hidden Stems in Earthly Branches

Each Earthly Branch in the four Pillars will have one or more Hidden Heavenly Stems.
| Earthly Branch in any Pillar | Hidden Heavenly Stems |
| E3 | H5, H1, H3 |
| E4 | H2 |
| E5 | H10, H5, H2 |
| E6 | H7, H3, H5 |
| E7 | H4, H6 |
| E8 | H4, H6, H2 |
| E9 | H5, H7, H9 |
| E10 | H8 |
| E11 | H4, H5, H8 |
| E12 | H9, H1 |
| E1 | H10 |
| E2 | H8, H6, H10 |
For example, if the Earthly Branch of the Month Pillar is E11, then the Hidden Heavenly Stems are H4, H5 and H8 for the Month Pillar. If the Earthly Branch of the Day Pillar is E10, then the Hidden Heavenly Stem is H8 for the Day Pillar.
# Ba Zi/Hour Pillar

Ba Zi | Heavenly Stems | Earthly Branches | Hsia Calendar (Xia Calendar) | Hour Pillar | Luck Pillar | Life Cycle | Hidden Stems | Seasonal Cycle | Symbolic Stars | Aspects Of Life | Date Selection | List Of Ba Zi

## Hour Pillar

The Hour Pillar is used in the construction of the Four Pillars of Ba Zi (四柱八字), a method of Chinese Divination based on a person's date and time of birth:
| Heavenly Stem of Day Pillar versus Time of Birth (时辰) | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | H7 | H8 | H9 | H10 | Earthly Branch of Hour Pillar |
| 11pm-1am | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | E1 |
| 1am-3am | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | E2 |
| 3am-5am | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | E3 |
| 5am-7am | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | E4 |
| 7am-9am | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | E5 |
| 9am-11am | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | E6 |
| 11am-1pm | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | E7 |
| 1pm-3pm | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | E8 |
| 3pm-5pm | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | E9 |
| 5pm-7pm | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | E10 |
| 7pm-9pm | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | H1 | H3 | H5 | H7 | H9 | E11 |
| 9pm-11pm | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | H2 | H4 | H6 | H8 | H10 | E12 |
* The Heavenly Stem of the Hour Pillar is obtained from the intersection of the column (Heavenly Stem of Day Pillar) and the row (Time of Birth). For example, for a person born between 5pm-7pm, with a Heavenly Stem of the Day Pillar of H3, the Heavenly Stem of the Hour Pillar will be H4.
* The Earthly Branch of the Hour Pillar is obtained from the last column (Earthly Branch of Hour Pillar) of the above chart. For example, if the Heavenly Stem of Day Pillar is H3 and the time of birth is 6.23pm, then the Hour Pillar is H4, E10.

## Hour Pillar Listed For Every Day Heavenly Stem (HS)

* Hour Pillar For Day HS1
* Hour Pillar For Day HS2
* Hour Pillar For Day HS3
* Hour Pillar For Day HS4
* Hour Pillar For Day HS5
* Hour Pillar For Day HS6
* Hour Pillar For Day HS7
* Hour Pillar For Day HS8
* Hour Pillar For Day HS9
* Hour Pillar For Day HS10
# Climate Change/Mitigation Strategies/Principles

Some basic principles of personal mitigation of climate change are Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, and Share. Essentially, don't acquire what you don't need. When you do acquire stuff, make sure they are reusable or at least recyclable.

## Examples

* Reuse: cloth bags for groceries instead of paper/plastic.
* Recycle: donate old furniture, computers, clothes, books instead of trashing them.
* Repair: try to repair broken stuff instead of buying new one. This could make you feel great because of learning, achievements and understanding that you control things, not things control you. You may be interested to visit Maker Faire to meet same minded Do-It-Yourselves or organizations, share ideas and inspirations.
* Share: books, household items, magazines, newspapers, toys, tools, car, etc.
* Use recycled material wherever you can (and products thereof).
* Avoid waste (unnecessary expenditure) of time, energy, money, material, resources. This is a good thing to do in general. Of course, the relative pros and cons need to be considered on a case by case basis. (Example: walking to work is not an excuse to come late to work everyday.)
* Encourage businesses that behave responsibly. Discourage those that don't.
* Educate: encourage you family, friends, classmates, colleagues to behave in more environmentally friendly way.
* Use common sense:
** Don't acquire stuff just so that they can later be recycled. Example: recycling plastic water bottles, paper/plastic/thermocole cups is good. Even better is to reuse a bottle or a cup (say, to refill from a water fountain).
** Avoid being taken advantage of by people/companies that try to make a quick buck in the name of saving the environment. Examples: dubious 'organic' labeled products, organic products sold at an exorbitant price, 'alternative' anything that is sold at a premium that doesn't make sense, etc.
# Climate Change/Mitigation Strategies/Renewable Energy
## Solar power

* Uncaptured solar energy can convert itself to wind and wave energy, and of course warm the atmosphere. Large scale solar collection systems are few. One experimental version generated enough power from stored heat collected in a large "ball" containing salt heated to the melting point that they could have generated enough power for a small city a few hours after dark. Larger scale under ground storage was not mentioned.
* Solar electric panel are presently over the 10% efficiency point. They actually are more efficient on cold days.

## Wind power

* Wind power systems tend to work best, and so most cost effective, where the wind is often at 30 miles per hour, or so.

## Biomass

* There are reports that it's possible to convert carbohydrates directly to hydrocarbons (Huber et al., Production of Liquid Alkanes by Aqueous-Phase Processing of Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates, Science 3 June 2005: 1446-1450)

## Wave power

* A very conservative estimate of the amount of energy that could be captured from a 6 feet wave across its length and 100 feet wide is 100,000 watts. The north-west Pacific is often considered a storm generator and high wave are not uncommon. (Kayaks are the favored form of water transport by the natives.) A sea mount nearing the surface off the coast of California is noted as a shipping hazard due to its high waves.

## Tidal power

* There are places in the world, particularly as one get farther from the equator, where tidal extremes are very significant. The west shore of the Korean peninsula and Norway's fiords are noted for the effect.

## Geothermal power

* The Earth's interior has a radioactive source that some figure is generating the equivalent of 10,000 atomic power plants. Scientists have noted by monitoring the speed and intensity of earthquake energy propagating through the earth that it tends to rise in plumes coming up through the mantle and sometimes penetrating the surface to generate volcanoes and sometimes form islands like Hawaii. They can note this because some forms of earthquake energy does not like to propagate through molten material.
# Climate Change/Science/Ancient Climate

This section deals with climate and its variability on very long, geologic, time scales. These time scales are greater than centuries, and there are important millennial and multi-millennial signals in the so-called paleo record. Some research focuses exclusively on ancient climates; such work is often referred to as paleoclimatology (also paleoceanography or paleogeography).
While a review of all relevant topics is beyond the scope of this Wikibook, some discussion of paleoclimate can shed light on the natural variability of the climate system. This includes not-so-distant climates, like that of the "little ice age," and also the global-scale oscillations known as ice ages. At time scales even longer than ice ages (10$^5$ years), there are large variations of climate associated more with geological processes than atmospheric and oceanic. While intensely interesting, these climates will be ignored here.
# Climate Change/Mitigation Strategies/Office

* Notices by every lightswitch encouraging people to turn lights off whenever they leave a room.
* Lights in communal areas (toilets, corridors, etc.) timed to switch off automatically outside office hours. Perhaps install a movement sensor to switch the lights back on again for a few minutes.
* Radiators to be turned off in toilets.
* Powersave mode activated on all monitors so they are switched off automatically after a period of inactivity.
* Encouragement to turn off all monitors and computers overnight unless absolutely necessary. (leaving one computer on every night for a year produces an excess of about 400 kg of CO$_2$; so an office of 100 people could save about 40 tonnes of CO$_2$ per year just by turning off their PCs every night (0.2 kW x 14 hours x 365 days x 0.43 kg CO_$_2$ per kWh = 440 kg of CO$_2$ per year)
* Greater recycling provision, e.g. paper recycling box in every office, plastic/glass recycling in kitchen/common room. It's important to be able to recycle news papers and cardboard as well as just office paper.
* Signs in the communal kitchens saying: "Only fill the kettle with as much water as you need. Never boil more water than you need. If the kettle is on for only 2 minutes per boil then you emit about 100 kg of CO$_2$ every year. If it's on for 4 minutes per boil then you emit 200kg of CO$_2$. (2 kW x 365 days per year x (2 min/60 h/min) x 10 times per day x 0.43 kg of CO$_2$ per kilowatt hour = 105 kg of CO$_2$ per year)"
* Encourage people to buy LCD screens rather than CRT (17" LCD uses ~40 watts; 17" CRT uses ~250 watts; CRT uses 6 times more power)
* Bring own kitchenware. Avoid using paper/foam cups or plastic forks and spoons.
* Set-up box for collecting electronic waste. Those will increase the rate of recycling batteries, electric bulbs, and also reusing some of old electronics.
# Climate Change/Mitigation Strategies/Transport

There are many alternatives to automobile transport. For example, you can walk, bike, or take public transit whenever possible. Don't idle your vehicle. Carpool. Take the bus or train instead of driving long distances. Fill up your tires - improves mileage. Buy a gas-electric hybrid (it never needs to be plugged in), or a diesel.

## Automobile Maintenance for a Greener Ride

* Maintain your car properly
** Clean your air system by periodically replacing your car's air filter
** Clean your throttle body/air intake with a strong auto detergent like SeaFoam, STP Throttle body/Air Intake cleaner (1/2 hr job for a person new to cars). Remember to get the right spray can, ask the manager of the store. If you have a fuel injected car, using the carburated cleaner can cause unpleasant surprise.
** Clean your fuel system by using a fuel system cleaner like Techron, Amsoil's PI
** Use synthetics for your engine oil, transmission, power steering etc. I recommend Amsoil products as they last much much longer than any well known brands like Castrol. For the typical car (with automatic transmission) use of Series 2000 0W-30 for engine oil, ATF for transmission and power steering. Ask Amsoil technical support for help.
** Keep tires inflated. Under-inflated tires reduce gas passage.
** Do tire rotation, balancing and alignment regularly as prescribed in user's manual. This will increase lifetime or tire which are rarely restored or recycled and most likely burnt.
** Do oil changes promptly. Clean oil reduces carbon dioxide emission. Change oil as prescribed in car user's manual, not every 3,000 miles as recommended by oil changing services.
* If you're in the market for a new car anyway, consider getting a car with an order of magnitude better mileage.
* Drive less:
** Designate one day each week as a car-free day.
** If possible, consider one car-free weekend each month.
* Share ride to work with colleges. Carpool lines are also faster during traffic time.

## See Also

* Bicycles wikibook
# Climate Change in the News

* Article about 2005 Atlantic hurricanes and global warming
* AP article about a study saying Alaskan permafrost may melt, enhancing global warming by releasing greenhouse gases from the soil.
* James Hansen's op-ed in International Herald Tribune, title "It's not too late"
* Lindzen's April '06 op-ed in Wall Street Journal
* Lindzen's July '06 op-ed in Wall Street Journal, trying to attack An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore
* Oreskes' response to Lindzen and others, from July '06, published in Los Angeles Times
* Peter Doran responds to global warming deniers in the New York Times in July '06
* World Emissions of Carbon Dioxide Outpace Worst-Case Scenario
* Carbon Emissions Hit 20-Year Low
* Pentagon Unveils Plan For Military's Response To Climate Change
* Study: Past Climate Change Was Caused by Ocean, Not Just the Atmosphere
* Climate Ark - continuous updates
* Google News - search for climate change
* UK climate meeting calls for action - Nature.com, 3rd Feb 2005, strap line: "Researchers discuss 'dangerous' change as global-warming fears grow."
* Landfall Nears For Strongest Hurricane In Recorded History
* El Niño Is Going to Starve a Lot of Fish
* Carbon Pollution Touched 800,000 Year Record in 2016, WMO Says - slashdot.org, October 30, 2017.
* Tourism Representative Blames Scientists for Downturn in Great Barrier Reef Visits - SoylentNews, January 14, 2018.
* 2017 was among the warmest years on record, according to new data released by NASA and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration. - slashdot.org, January 18, 2018.
* Global Warming Predictions May Now Be a Lot Less Uncertain - slashdot.org, January 18, 2018.
* Earth's Carbon Dioxide Levels Reach Highest Point In 800,000 Years - slashdot.org, May 06, 2018.
* Invisible Scum on Sea Cuts CO2 Exchange With Air 'By Up To 50%' - slashdot.org, May 28, 2018.
* Coastal Megacity Karachi Is Running Out of Water - slashdot.org, May 28, 2018.