OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# XChat

This is the best option if you are using pureydyne but are not comfortable working in a command line environment.
XChat is an IRC chat program for both Linux and Windows. It allows you to join multiple IRC channels (chat rooms) at the same time, talk publicly, private one-on-one conversations etc. Even file transfers are possible.
Documentation on how to get started with Xchat is found here:
www.xchat.org/docs/start
# Oberon/ETH Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Tool

[ Network | Mail | News | FTP | Gopher | Finger | HTTP | HyperDocs ] :
| Desktops.OpenDoc "ftp://host/" | Anonymous ftp to host. |
| NetSystem.SetUser ftp:user@host ~ | Set password for private ftp. |
| Desktops.OpenDoc "ftp://user@host" | Private ftp to user at host. |
| Command interface to FTP | |
| NetSystem.SetUser ftp:user@host ~ | Set password for private ftp. |
| FTP.Open ^ ftp.inf.ethz.ch user@host | Log in to the selected ftp server. |
| FTP.Close | End the current session. |
| FTP.Dir | List the current directory. |
| FTP.CompactDir | List the current directory |
| | in a more compact form. |
| FTP.CurDir | Display the current |
| | directory path. |
| FTP.ChangeDir ^ pub ".." "/pub" | Change to anonther directory. |
| FTP.GetFiles => ~ | Copy binary-files from the server. |
| FTP.GetTexts => ~ | Copy text-files from the server. |
| FTP.PutFiles => ~ | Copy binary-files to the server. |
| FTP.PutTexts => ~ | Copy text-files to the server. |
| !FTP.MakeDir ^ | Create a directory on the server. |
| !FTP.RmDir ^ | Remove a directory on the server. |
| !FTP.DeleteFiles ^ | Delete files on the server. |
| FTP.OpenLog | Open log for FTP |
# Proteomics/Protein Separations- Electrophoresis/Databases

< Previous page | Next page >
# Proteomics/Protein Separations- Electrophoresis/IsoElectric Focusing
### Isoelectric Focusing(IEF)

In Isoelectric focusing, proteins are separated by electrophoresis in a pH gradient based on their isoelectric point(pl). A pH gradient is generated in the gel and an electric potential is applied across the gel. At all pHs other than their isoelectric point, proteins will be charged. If they are positively charged, they will move towards the more negative end of the gel and if they are negatively charged they will move towards the more positive end of the gel. At its isoelectric point, since the protein molecule carry no net charge it accumulates or focuses into a sharp band.

##### Immobilized pH Gradeint (IPG) and IEF run

Immobilized pH gradients are used for IEF because the fixed pH gradients remain stable over extended run times at very high voltages. The pH gradients of IPGs are generated by means of buffering compounds that are covalently bound into polyacrylamide gels. IPGs are cast strips with plastic backing sheets and are commercially available in different pH ranges and lengths. They offer high resolution, great reproducibility, and allow high protein loads. Isoelectric focusing is run in the same solutions that are used to extract or solubalize the proteins. The IPG strips with the protein sample must be rehydrated in the rehydration/sample buffer during which protein samples are loaded into the strips. Rehydration can be active or passive. To load larger proteins active rehydration in small voltage is applied.As the sample is electrophorised, the proteins will migrate toward either the anode or cathode, depending on charge. The proteins will stop when they reach their respective pI. After the run in IEF cell, the proteins focus as bands on the strip according to their isoelectric points. The focused strips can be frozen for storage.

### References

* http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Life_Science/Proteomics_and_Protein_Expr_/Protein_Analysis/Protein_Electrophoresis/Isoelectric_Focusing.html
* http://www.aber.ac.uk/parasitology/Proteome/Tut_2D.html
# Proteomics/Protein Separations- Electrophoresis/Further Readings
## Open Source Articles

* Discussion of the strengths and weakness of using 2-D gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry for proteomics research
** Beranova-Giorgianni, S. (2003) Proteome analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry: strengths and limitations. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22(5), 273-281.
* Discuss the capabilities of 2DGE when combined with mass spectrometry in proteome analysis
** Stephen J Fey and Peter Mose Larsen(2001) 2D or not 2D: Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2001, 5:26–33
* Discusses a variant of QPNC-PAGE
** Kastenholz, B. 2004. Preparative native continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PNC-PAGE): An efficient method for isolating cadmium cofactors in biological systems. Anal. Lett. 37, 657-665.
* Contributions of QPNC-PAGE
** Kastenholz, B. 2006. Important contributions of a new quantitative preparative native continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (QPNC-PAGE) procedure for elucidating metal cofactor metabolisms in protein-misfolding diseases – a theory. Protein Pept. Lett. 13, 503-508. Special issue [Hot Topic: Recent Advances in Protein and Peptide Chemistry Related to Cellular Regulation (Guest Editor: John W. Ho)].

## Subscription Required Articles

* Review of high-throughput separation methods including a discussion on gel-electrophoresis based techniques
** Suresh, S., Mohan, S., Mishra, G., Hanumanthu, G., Suresh, M., Reddy, R., Pandey, A. (2005) Proteomic resources: Integrating biomedical information in humans. Gene 364, 13-18. Abstact
* Discuss the merits of 2D-PAGE when coupled with ICAT in quantitative proteome analysis
** Marcus Smolka‡, Huilin Zhou§, and Ruedi Aebersold§(2002) Quantitative Protein Profiling Using Two-dimensional Gel electrophoresis,Isotope-coded Affinity Tag Labeling, and Mass Spectrometry. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 1:19–29,
* Discuss the merits and drawbacks of 2DGE and ICAT
** Wayne F Patton*, Birte Schulenberg and Thomas H Steinberg(2002) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; better than a poke in the ICAT?. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 13:321–328 Abstract
* Highlights the advances of 2D gels in quantitative proteomics
** Kathryn S Lilley, Azam Razzaq and Paul Dupree(2001)Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: recent advances in sample preparation, detection and quantitation. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 6:46–50 Abstact
* Review of historical and current multi-dimensional peptide separation methods
** Issaq, H., Chan, K., Janini, G., Conrads, T., Veenstra, T. (2005) Multidimensional separation of peptides for effective proteomic analysis. Journal of Chromatography B 817 (1), 35-47.
< Previous page
# Proteomics/Protein Separations- Electrophoresis/History of Electrophoresis
### History of Electrophoresis

1930s First reports of the use of sucrose for gel electrophoresis.
1937 The official launching of Tiselius' moving boundary electrophoresis (MBE).
1939 Zone Electrophoresi
1950 Rich in introducing novel methodologies in zone electrophoresis (ZE)
1950 Agar Gel electrophoresis
1955 Introduction of starch gels, not very good separation
1957 Cellulose acetate Electrophoresis(CAc) by Kohn
1959 Introduction of acrylamide gels for 1st time (Raymond and Winstraub) Accuracy of control of parameters such as pore size and stability
1961 Electrophoresis in silica gel by Honnegar
1961IsoElectricFocusing by Svensson
1964 Electrophoresis in thin layer of sephadex beads by Fasella et.al
1964 Disc gel electrophoresis Ornstein and Davis
1969 Introduction of denaturing agents especially SDS separation of protein subunit (Beber and Osborn)
1970 Laemmli-T4 phage separated 28 components Mstacking gel + SDS
1975 2 Dimensional gels OFarrell isoelectric focussing then SDS gel electrophoresis.
1977 Sequencing gels
Late 1970s agarose gels
1980sImmobilized pH gradients
1983 Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
1983 Capillary electrophoresis introduced

### References

http://www.csupomona.edu/~nebuckley/Courses/Bio451/Lectures/Bio451Lecture4.htm
Electrophoresis: the march of pennies, the march of dimes. Righetti PG.
# DESCRIPTION:

Evaluates an expression or block expressions and returns the result.
REDUCE is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- (Type: any)

# REFINEMENTS

* /only -- Only evaluate words and paths, not functions
** words -- Optional words that are not evaluated (keywords) (Type: block none)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns TRUE for refinement values.
REFINEMENT? is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- (Type: any-type)
# DESCRIPTION:

Reduces and joins a block of values.
REJOIN is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS

* block -- Values to reduce and join (Type: block)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the remainder of first value divided by second.
REMAINDER is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value1 -- (Type: number pair char money time tuple)
* value2 -- (Type: number pair char money time tuple)
# DESCRIPTION:

Removes value(s) from a series and returns after the remove.
REMOVE is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* series -- (Type: series port bitset none)

# REFINEMENTS

* /part -- Removes to a given length or position.
** range -- (Type: number series port pair)
# DESCRIPTION:

Forms a reduced block and returns a string.
REFORM is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- Value to reduce and form (Type: any)
# Rebol Programming/red

RED is a tuple of value: 255.0.0
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns definition-related details about a value.
REFLECT is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- (Type: any-type)
* field -- Such as: spec body words values title etc. (Type: word)

# (SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES)

* catch
# DESCRIPTION:

Molds a reduced block and returns a string.
REMOLD is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS

* value -- Value to reduce and mold (Type: any)
# DESCRIPTION:

Removes a value from a series for each block that returns TRUE.
REMOVE-EACH is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* word -- Word or block of words to set each time (will be local) (Type: get-word word block)
* data -- The series to traverse (Type: series)
* body -- Block to evaluate. Return TRUE to remove. (Type: block)
# DESCRIPTION:

Sorts a series.
SORT is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* series -- (Type: series port)

# REFINEMENTS

* /case -- Case sensitive sort.
* /skip -- Treat the series as records of fixed size.
** size -- Size of each record. (Type: integer)
* /compare -- Comparator offset, block or function.
** comparator -- (Type: integer block function)
* /part -- Sort only part of a series.
** length -- Length of series to sort. (Type: integer)
* /all -- Compare all fields
* /reverse -- Reverse sort order
# DESCRIPTION:

Prints the source code for a word.
SOURCE is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS

* word -- (Type: word)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the size of the text in a face.
SIZE-TEXT is a native value.

# ARGUMENTS

* face -- (Type: object)
# Rebol Programming/snow

SNOW is a tuple of value: 240.240.240
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the size of a file or URL's contents.
SIZE? is a function value.

# ARGUMENTS

* target -- (Type: file url)

# (SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES)

* catch
# Rebol Programming/slash

SLASH is a char of value: #"/"
# Rebol Programming/sky

SKY is a tuple of value: 164.200.255
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the sixth value of a series.
SIXTH is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* series -- (Type: series port tuple event)
# DESCRIPTION:

Returns the series forward or backward from the current position.
SKIP is an action value.

# ARGUMENTS

* series -- (Type: series port)
* offset -- Can be positive, negative, or zero. (Type: number logic pair)
# PHP vs ColdFusion
## Contents

* Introduction
* Coding Examples
** Hello World
** Inserting Variables
** IF Statements
* Picking the Right Editor

## About the authors

    da404LewZer: New editor. Started this as a side project to better myself.
    PakBehl: New editor. Here to provide ColdFusion information.
# PHP vs ColdFusion/Introduction

When it comes to web design, many languages exist to create the structure for web-based applications. We will be comparing the languages PHP and ColdFusion.
PHP and ColdFusion are both created to help design web pages scripted in HTML. Alone, HTML cannot create dynamic content, connect to databases to perform queries, manipulate files or handle form data. This is where PHP and ColdFusion come in. The code between these languages may be completely different, however both have thousands of different functions that let you do everything from data encryption to image editing. We will be showing code examples between the two.
# POV-Ray

The Persistence of Vision Raytracer, or POV-Ray, is a ray tracing program available for a variety of computer platforms. It was originally based on DKBTrace, written by David Kirk Buck and Aaron A. Collins. There are also influences from the earlier Polyray raytracer contributed by its author Alexander Enzmann. It is available free of charge.
The intentions of this book is to make it a High School textbook for use in a graphics art class. At the end of each section there will be some of the following resources that can be used in the classroom: lesson plans, assignments, solutions to assignments, quizzes, tests, and links to other resources that might be useful.
Before the Beginning
This book will assume that you have knowledge of the Windows, Linux, or Mac OSX operating systems and how menus, mouse movement and generic commands like copy and paste work. If there is a command that is specific to POV-Ray more details might be provided. A Requisite basic introduction to computing can be found at Computers for Beginners.

## Table of Contents

* Set up
* Getting started - creating your first drawing
# PHP vs ColdFusion/Hello World

Hello World was seen as early as 1974 in Bell Laboratorie's internal memorandum by Kernighan —Programming in C: A Tutorial— which shows the first known version of the program:
In this tutorial we will use one variable named message to display a string of text.

## Putting it Together

These files should always be created using a program that doesn't include formating, and saves to a non-rich text format such as notepad.exe (Win32), Pico (Command line), Kedit (KDE), or Gedit (GNOME).
PHP:
ColdFusion:

## Line Breakdown

This is a very simple example because they both do the same thing, in the same amount of code. Not too hard so far eh? Lets see what actually makes them tick...
PHP:
ColdFusion:

## What the Browser Sees

Either way, these two scripts produce the same exact page, the only thing different are the server headers.
# PHP vs ColdFusion/Inserting Variables
## Inserting Variables

Both languages allow you to insert variables at any point. This is very useful if you have many lines of HTML, but only need to insert something simple. We will use the variable we created above.
PHP:
(Note: This will not work in php if short open tags are disabled. This was enabled by default as of php 4.0.0)
ColdFusion:
(Note: It is considered poor form in CFML to place <cfoutput> tags at the beginning and end of a page, as the parser must evaluate every word for variables).
Both examples will print: Message holds: Hello World!
# PHP vs ColdFusion/Editors

Picking the right editor is essential for web designers. Here we will cover some of the pros and cons of working with certain editors.

## Studio 8

Studio is a software suite from Adobe Systems that includes Dreamweaver, Flash, and Fireworks 8, in addition to Contribute 3 and FlashPaper 2.
Cost: $900 US
Pros
    Easy to Use: Simple, some more complicated functions in Flash, but no coding necessary.
    Standards Compliant: Complies with W3C

## Frontpage 2003

Frontpage is a very neat and handy utility. It offers people to create websites who know zero HTML.
Cost: $199 US
Pros
    Easy to use: Anyone who can use word, can use Frontpage.
    Projects: You can create projects and Frontpage will automatically re-link documents when filesystem changes occur.
Cons
    Doesn't play nice: Frontpage has a tendency to re-write your document to structure code. This usually wipes out PHP code in the document.
    Overly Re-writes: I dont know how many times i've looked at code by Frontpage to only see a plethora of CSS styles. Can get annoying if you are used to a certain way of coding.
    Poor Design: Code is non-W3C complient and hard to use.
    Lack of Support: No longer supported by Microsoft.

## Notepad

Notepad requires you to know pretty much every aspect of HTML, however a wise choice for people who dont like to be told how to code.
Cost: Free
Pros
    Runs fast: No matter what the system (Windows), notepad always performs.
    No Re-writes: Notepad doesn't re-write anything, because it can't.
Cons
    No Projects: No way to manage your documents without external applications or by manually re-writing.
    No Indent Holding: Notepad does not keep your indents, making you tab in over and over.
# PHP vs ColdFusion/IF Statements

PHP IF STATEMENT
The conditions are based on the information you want to compare.
So let's assume you want to compare apples to oranges, to see if they are the same.
Now assume that you want to return an answer even if the conditions are not met. You would use what is called an else statement which looks as follows.
ColdFusion is very different in its comparisons. They look as follows
If you notice that it's more of a <> based instead of a structure based. This can be an easier transition for HTML developers as it is tagged based
Now to return an alternate or else you do the almost exact same thing as in PHP, but it looks like this:
# SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Misc types
#### Misc types

This page includes comparison tables which can be big and complex.
While it's perfectly all right to view them in their complete state, it is recommended to install a comparison tables extension that would allow to select particular columns of interest for comparison.
| SQL version | Feature | Standard SQL:2011 | DB2 | Firebird | Ingres | Linter | MSSQL | MySQL Vers. 5.x | MonetDB | Oracle Vers. 11.x | PostgreSQL | SQLite | Virtuoso |
| ? | Boolean | boolean | N/A | N/A | ? | BOOLEAN | BIT | BOOLEAN TINYINT(1) | BOOLEAN | No | BOOLEAN | N/A | BIT |
| ? | Boolean storage size | N/A | ? | ? | ? | ? | 8 columns in a single table = 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte | N/A | 1 byte | N/A | ? |
| ? | UUID | N/A | N/A | ? | ? | ? | uniqueidentifier | ? | UUID | Not a data type, but a function SYS_GUID will return a UUID as a RAW data type. | UUID | N/A | IRI |
| ? | Row version | N/A | ? | ? | ? | ? | TIMESTAMP ROWVERSION | ? | ? | ? | ? | N/A | ? |
| ? | Any data type | N/A | ? | ? | ? | ? | SQL_VARIANT | ? | ? | ANYTYPE ANYDATA ANYDATASET | ? | (any) | ? |
# SQL Dialects Reference
## Contents

* Introduction
* Data structure definition
** Data types
*** Numeric types
*** Character types
*** Date and time types
*** Binary types
*** Large object types
*** Misc types
** Delimited identifiers
** Auto-increment column
* Functions and expressions
** Math functions
*** Trigonometric functions
*** Numeric functions
*** Aggregate functions
** Date and time functions
** String functions
** Misc expressions
* Select queries
** Subqueries
** Select without tables
** Limiting results of select query
** Hierarchical Queries
* Write queries
** Replace query
** Insert results from select query into existing table
** Save results from select query as new table
** Update returning
* Transactions
* Procedural language
** Stored procedures
** User-defined functions (UDFs)
* SQL XML
* Administration
* References

## See also

* https://www.virtualbox.org/svn/vbox/trunk/src/VBox/ValidationKit/testmanager/db/TestManagerDatabase/types.xml
# SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Date and time types
#### Date and time types

This page includes comparison tables which can be big and complex.
While it's perfectly all right to view them in their complete state, it is recommended to install a comparison tables extension that would allow to select particular columns of interest for comparison.
| SQL version | Feature | Standard SQL:2011 | DB2 | Firebird | Ingres | Linter | MSSQL | MySQL Vers. 5.x | MonetDB | Oracle Vers. 11.x | PostgreSQL | SQLite | Virtuoso |
| ? | Date only | DATE | DATE | DATE | DATE ANSIDATE INGRESDATE | DATE, DATETIME | date | DATE | DATE | DATE (includes TIME !) | DATE | TEXT | DATE |
| ? | Time only | TIME | TIME | TIME | TIME [WITHOUT TIME ZONE] | DATE DATETIME | time | TIME | TIME | no | TIME [WITHOUT TIME ZONE] | TEXT | TIME |
| ? | Time with time zone | TIME WITH TIME ZONE | ? | ? | TIME WITH TIME ZONE | ? | N/A | N/A | TIME WITH TIME ZONE | no | TIME WITH TIME ZONE | N/A | N/A |
| ? | Date and time without time zone | TIMESTAMP | TIMESTAMP | TIMESTAMP | DATE TIMESTAMP ANSIDATE INGRESDATE | DATE DATETIME | datetime2 datetime smalldatetime | TIMESTAMP | TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE | DATE TIMESTAMP | TIMESTAMP [WITHOUT TIME ZONE] | TEXT REAL INTEGER | DATETIME TIMESTAMP |
| ? | Date and time with time zone | TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE | ? | ? | ? | ? | datetimeoffset | N/A | TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE | TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE | TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE | N/A | N/A |
| ? | Time interval | INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND(n) INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH | ? | ? | INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND(n) INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH | ? | N/A | Not available as data type, only as data values. | INTERVAL | INTERVAL DAY[(day_precision)] TO SECOND[(fractional_second_precision)] INTERVAL YEAR [(year_precision)] TO MONTH | INTERVAL | N/A | ? |
* 1 2 3 the built-in date/time functions can use these types for storing values
# SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Large object types
#### Large object types

This page includes comparison tables which can be big and complex.
While it's perfectly all right to view them in their complete state, it is recommended to install a comparison tables extension that would allow to select particular columns of interest for comparison.
| SQL version | Feature | Standard SQL:2011 | DB2 | Firebird | Ingres | Linter | MSSQL | MySQL Vers. 5.x | MonetDB | Oracle Vers. 11.x | PostgreSQL | SQLite | Virtuoso |
| ? | Character LOBs | CLOB(n) | CLOB(n) | BLOB SUB_TYPE TEXT | CLOB, TEXT, LONG VARCHAR | BLOB | varchar(max) nvarchar(max) text ntext | TEXT | STRING, CLOB, TEXT, CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT | CLOB | text | TEXT | LONG VARCHAR |
| ? | Character LOBs max size, bytes | no limit | ? | about 4 GB | ? | ? | $2^{31}-1$ | $2^{16}$ | about 2 GB | 4 GB - 1 byte | about 1 GB | 1 000 000 000 | ? |
| ? | Binary LOBs | BLOB(n) | BLOB(n) | BLOB SUB_TYPE BINARY | BLOB LONG BYTE | BLOB | varbinary(max) image | BLOB(n) BINARY LARGE OBJECT | BLOB(n) | BLOB | bytea lo | BLOB | LONG VARBINARY |
| ? | Binary LOBs max size, bytes | no limit | ? | about 4 GB | ? | ? | $2^{31}-1$ | $2^{16}$ | about 2 GB | 4 GB - 1 byte | ? | 1 000 000 000 | ? |
Notes: