OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Cold War/Potsdam

The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945. (In some older documents it is also referred to as the Berlin Conference of the Three Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and UK[2][3]) Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. The three powers were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill,[4] and, later, Clement Attlee,[5] and President Harry S. Truman.
Stalin, Churchill, and Truman—as well as Attlee, who participated alongside Churchill while awaiting the outcome of the 1945 general election, and then replaced Churchill as Prime Minister after the Labour Party's defeat of the Conservatives—gathered to decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier, on 8 May (V-E Day). The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaty issues, and countering the effects of the war.
# Spanish/Vocabulary/Music
## Instrumentos de la Banda

* la banda: band
* el clarinete: clarinet
* la batería: drum
* la flauta: flute
* la trompeta: trumpet
* el barítono: baritone
* la tuba: tuba
* el saxofón: saxophone
* la partitura: score
* la guitarra eléctrica: electric guitar
* la guitarra acústica: acoustic guitar
* el bajo: bass guitar
* la púa/el plectro: plectrum
* el amplificador: amplifier
* el tambor de trampa: snare drum
* el bombo: bass drum
* el tamtan: tom-tom
* los címbalos/los platillos: cymbals
* el trombón : Trombone

## Instrumentos de la orquesta

* el violín: violin
* el violonchelo: the cello
* el contrabajo: the double-bass

## Los géneros

* el rock: rock
* el hip hop: hip-hop
* el rap: rap
* el blues: blues
* la música folklórica: folk music
* el pop: pop
* el jazz: jazz
* la música clásica: classical music

## Verbos

* tocar: To play (Used with wind and string instruments)
* batir: To play (Used with percussion instruments)
# Las ocupaciones (occupations)

* el abogado : lawyer
* el agente de policía : policeman
* el agente : actor
* el antropólogo : anthropologist
* el arquitecto : architect
* el banquero : banker
* el barbero : barber
* el carpintero : carpenter
* el cartero : postman
* el cocinero : chef
* el dentista : dentist
* el doctor médico : doctor
* el electricista : electrician
* el enfermero la enfermera : nurse
* el escritor : writer
* el farmacéutico : pharmacist
* el guardián : custodian
* el ingeniero : engineer
* el maestro : teacher
* el mecánico : mechanic
* la mecanógrafa : typist
* el músico : musician
* el periodista : journalist
* el piloto : pilot
* el pintor : painter
* el profesor : professor
* el secretario/la secretaria : secretary
* el soldado : soldier
* el vendedor : salesman
# Accidentes geográficos (Landforms)

* el acantilado : cliff
* el archipiélago : archipelago
* la bahía : bay
* el cabo : cape
* la cordillera : mountain range
* la cuesta : cuesta (hill/ridge)
* el desfiladero : defile (gorge/pass)
* la ensenada : cove
* el estrecho : strait
* el estuario : river estuary
* el golfo : gulf
* la isla : island
* el istmo : isthmus
* el lago : lake
* la llanura : prairie
* el macizo : mountain mass
* el mar : sea
* la mesa : mesa (tableland)
* la meseta : plateau
* el océano : ocean
* la península : peninsula
* el piedemonte : foothill
* la planicie : plain
* el río : river
* el valle : valley

## El Césped (The Lawn)

* el árbol - the tree
* el arbusto - the bush; the shrub
* el césped - the grass
* la cortadora de césped - the lawn mower
* cortar la hierba/el césped - to mow; to cut the grass
* la hoja - the leaf
* la piedra - the stone

## El Jardín (The Garden)

* la flor - the flower
* la hierba - the herb
* la planta - the plant

### Las flores (The Flowers)

* el tulipán - the tulip
* el pensamiento - the pansy
* la rosa - the rose

## El Cielo (The Sky)

* el asteroide - the asteroid
* el cometa - the comet
* la estrella - the star
* la luna - the moon
* la nube - the cloud
* el satélite - the satellite

## El Lago (The Lake)

* el agua - the water
* el barco - the boat
* la costa - the coast
* la paleta - the paddle
* el pez - the fish
# Spanish/Vocabulary/Colors
## Colores

* amarillo(a) : yellow
* anaranjado(a) : orange
* azul : blue
* beige, beis : beige
* blanco(a) : white
* (color) borgoña : burgundy
* café : brown
* (color) canela : tan
* castaño(a) : brown (hair, eyes)
* claro(a) : light
* dorado(a) : gold
* gris : grey
* humo(a) : smoky
* (color) lavanda : lavender
* (color) magenta : magenta
* malva : mauve
* marrón : brown
* morado(a) : purple
* negro(a) : black
* oscuro(a) : dark
* plateado(a) : silver
* rojo(a) : red
* (de color) rosa : pink
* verde : green
* verde mar : aqua
# El Departamento de Emergencias (Emergency department)

* las urgencias : emergency
* el almacén : storage room
** el almacén de material estéril : storage room for sterile equipment
** el almacén de material sucio : storage room for soiled equipment
* la ambulancia : ambulance
* los aseos : toilets
* el consultorio : examination and treatment room
* el despacho de la enfermera jefe : head nurse’s office
* el despacho del asistente social : social worker’s office
* la farmacia : pharmacy
* la habitación de aislamiento : isolation room
* la información : information desk
* el puesto : station
** el puesto de enfermeras : nurses’ station
** el puesto de la guardia de seguridad : security guard’s station
* la recepción : reception area
* la sala : room
** la sala de cirugía menor : minor surgery room
** la sala de consulta : consulting room
** la sala de enyesado : plaster room
** la sala de espera : waiting room
** la sala de observación : observation room
** la sala de observación psiquiátrica : psychiatric observation room
** la sala de reanimación : resuscitation room
** la sala de triaje : triage room
** la sala del personal : staff lounge
* la unidad móvil de rayos X : mobile X-ray unit
* la zona de camillas : stretcher area

# Equipo de primeros auxilios (First aid equipment)

* el alcohol isopropílico : rubbing alcohol
* el algodón hidrófilo : absorbent cotton
* el antiséptico : antiseptic
* el apósito : triangular bandage
* el aspirador : aspirator
* la aspirina : aspirin
* la bolsa válvula máscara (ambú) : bag valve mask (manual resuscitator)
* el botiquín de primeros auxilios : first aid kit
* la camilla : stretcher
* la cánula orofaringea : oropharyngeal airway
* el collarín cervical (protector de cuello) : cervical collar (neck brace)
* la compresa de gasa : dressing
* el desfibrilador : defibrillator
* el esfigmomanómetro : blood pressure monitor
** el tensiómetro
* el esparadrapo : adhesive tape
* el fonendoscopio : stethoscope
* los guantes de látex : latex glove
* el hisopo : cotton swab (cotton bud)
* la jeringuilla : syringe
* el manual de primeros auxilios : first aid manual
* la máscara de oxígeno : oxygen mask
* el peróxido : peroxide
* las pinzas : tweezers
* las tablillas : splints
* el termómetro : thermometer
* las tijeras : scissors
* la tira adhesiva sanitaria : adhesive bandage
** la tirita
* la venda de gasa : gauze roller bandage
* la venda elástica : elastic support bandage

## Sustantivos

    La sala de urgencias/emergencia: emergency room
    La ambulancia: ambulance
    El/la doctor/a: doctor
    El/la enfermero/a: nurse
    La medicina, el medicamento: medicine
    La inyección: injection
    Los puntos: stitches

## Conversaciones

    ¿Dónde te duele? Where does it hurt?
    ¿Estás embarazada? Are you pregnant?
    ¿Tienes una historia de problemas médicos, de riñon, pulmón, o corazón? Do you have a history of medical problems, in the kidneys, lungs, or heart?
    ¿Eres diabético? Are you diabetic?
    ¿Tienes alergias? Do you have any allergies?
    ¿Estas tomando algún medicamento? Are you taking any medicine?
    ¿Cuantos años tienes? How old are you?
# El amor
## Verbos

* amar: to love (someone). Te amo: I love you (deeply).
* querer: to care for; to love. Te quiero: I love you (I care for you deeply).
* quererse: to love each other.
* gustar: to like; to be physically attracted to. Me gusta María: I like María; I'm physically attracted to María.
* encantar: to love (something); to enchant. Conjugate like gustar when using it for 'love' Me encanta la tele I love television.
* gustarse: to be physically attracted to each other
* tener cariño por alguien: to have sentimental feelings toward someone
* salir con: to go out with; to date someone
* estimar: to esteem
* apreciar: to appreciate
* abrazar: to hug. abrazos para ti: hugs for you
* besar: to kiss. muchos besos para ti: many kisses for you
* salir en cita con alguien: to go on a date with someone
* terminar: to break up with. Pepe y yo terminamos: Pepe and I broke up (our relationship broke up or ended).
* pelear: to argue.
* enamorarse: to fall in love
* casarse: to get married

## Sustantivos

* el novio: boyfriend; fiancé; groom
* la novia: girlfriend; fiancée; bride
* los novios: dating couple; engaged couple; bride and groom
* los prometidos: engaged couple
* el matrimonio: marriage; wedding. Also: a married couple.
* el esposo, el marido: husband
* mi esposa, mi mujer, mi señora: my wife
* mi jefa my wife (or my mom) lit. my boss (f)
* el sacerdote: the priest
* la iglesia: the church
* la boda, el matrimonio: the wedding
* la boda civil, el matrimonio civil: the civil service
* la boda religiosa, el matrimonio religioso: the religious service
* la luna de miel: honeymoon
* la pareja: the couple
* mi pareja: my partner; my significant other. It has feminine grammatical gender, so someone can say Antonio fue mi última pareja (Antonio was my last partner) even though Antonio is a male.
* los convivientes: the cohabiting couple.
* los amantes, los enamoradores: lovers.
* amor: love
* El día de los enamorados, el día de San Valentín: Valentines day
# Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Pyrimidines/Thymine
## Thymine

5th carbon, hence the other name of thymine, 5-methyluracil. Uracil takes its place in RNA, which also binds to adenine. Thymine is a single ring planar molecule. Thymine combined with deoxyribose yields deoxythymidine while Thymine with ribose makes thymidine.
Thymine binds with deoxyribose to form the nucleoside deoxythymidine, which is the same thing as thymidine. This compound can be phosphorylated with one, two, or three phosphoric acid groups creating thymidine mono-, di-, or triphosphate, respectively.
Thymine is a part of one of the most common mutations of DNA, which involves two adjacent thymines or cytosines. In the presence of UV light, this may form thymine dimers, causing "kinks" in the DNA molecule, interfering with normal function.
Uses of thymine include cancer treatment where it serves as a target for actions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Substitution of this compound to thymine (in DNA) and uracil (in RNA) allows inhibition of DNA synthesis in actively-dividing cells.

## Properties

Thymine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound as a pyrimidine nucleobase. Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds (those containingcarbon) that contain a ring structure containing atoms in addition to carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen, as part of the ring. Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone.
As the name implies, thymine may be derived by methylation of uracil at the fifth carbon. In DNA, thymine(T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds to support in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures.
Thymine jointed with deoxyribose creates the nucleoside deoxythymidine, which is identical with the term thymidine. Thymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two, or three phosphoric acid groups, creating TMP, TDP or TTP (thymidine mono- di- or triphosphate) correspondingly.
One of the common mutations of DNA involves two neighboring thymine or cytosine, which in existence of ultraviolet light may form thymine dimers, causing "kinks" in the DNA molecule that constrain normal function.
Thymine could also be a goal for actions of 5-fu in cancer treatment. 5-fu can be a metabolic analog of Thymine (in DNA synthesis) or Uracil (in RNA synthesis). Replacement of this analog inhibits DNA synthesis in actively dividing cells.

## Tautaumerization

Thymine may go through tautaumerization, interchanging from the keto to the enol functionality by intermolecular proton transfer.

## References

Al Mahroos, M., et al. “Effect of sunscreen application on UV-induced thymine dimers.” Arch Dermatol 138: 1480-5, 2002.
# Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Phosphate

In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry.
The backbone of the DNA strand is made from alternating phosphate and sugar residues. The sugars are joined together by phosphate groups that form phosphodiester bonds between the third and fifth carbon atoms of adjacent sugar rings.
As you noticed in the deoxyribose sugar, it does not contain a hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon. This absence of the hydroxyl group allows greater stability because the absence of hydroxyl group allows the 2' carbon to resist hydrolysis. This is one of the reasons why the hereditary material is stored in the DNA and not RNA. However, the net negative charge of the phosphate group must be stabilized by metal ions, such as magnesium or manganese.

# Phosphodiester bond

In the molecular bonding of the deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) and ribonucleotide(RNA), phosphodiester bond is a strong covalent bond between a phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring. The phosphate group contains a negative charge as it bonds to a 3' carbon in one ring and a 5' carbon in another ring.
The phosphodiester is formed when a single phosphate or two phosphates break away and catalyze the reaction by DNA polymerase. dATP would dissociate one phosphates in order to form a phosphodiester bond with a deoxyribose sugar from a nucleotide during the process of DNA elongation.
(DNA)n + dATP <------> (DNA) n+1 + Ppi
Phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that breaks a cyclic nucleotide phosphate due to incorrect hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds. Phosphodiesterase will be an important clinical significance in repairing DNA sequences.
# RNA-Induced Silencing Complexes
## Making RISC
### RISC: the effector complex for small RNAs

The major role that 20- to 30-nt small RNAs play in regulating gene expression is mediating sequence specific cleavages of their target mRNAs, coined RNA interference. siRNAs have become become powerful as a research tool that also possesses exciting therapeutic promise. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved family of endogenous small RNAs. They are to regulate over half of all human genes, fine tuning a diverse amount of biological processes. However, unlike enzymes and ribosomes, small RNAs cannot catylze reactions by themselves. They form effector ribonucleoprotein complexes (RISCs) that can mediate various types of gene silencing. The small RNAs also guide these RISCs to their targets in a sequence specific manner. RISC assembly is a key process for small RNAs to exert their functions.

### Argonaute: the core component of RISC

RISCs is a member of the Argonaute (Ago) family of proteins which provides a unique platform for target recognition and silencing. The association of a small RNA with a specific Ago protein dictates its function. The larger Ago family can be traced to the Ago subfamily which includes bindings to siRNAS and miRNAs, and piRNAs. In mammals, each of the 4 Ago proteins (AGO1-4) can repress translation of their target mRNAs, but only AGO2 possesses a target cleavage activity that results in RNAi. Small RNAs are assembled into RISC through an ordered pathway using Ago proteins. Such pathways resemble assembly lines where small RNAs are transferred from one machine to another. At each step of the way, the preRISC is monitored for defects. The small RNA is altered slightly at each step in the process until a mature RISC is produced. Thus to understand the RISC assembly, it must be broken into steps.

### RISC loading and unwinding

siRNAs and miRNAs are born double-stranded: the RNase III enzymes, Drosha and Dicer, process precursor RNAs into siRNA duplexes and miRNA duplexes. Because small RNAs in RISC must anneal to their target RNAs, the two strands of the small RNA duplex must be separated. One strand will be discarded called the "passenger strand" and the used strand is called the "guide strand". RISC assembly can be divided into loading and unwinding. (i) RISC-loading is when small RNA duplexes are inserted into Ago proteins. (ii) Unwinding is when the two strands are separated within the Ago protein. An Ago complex bound to an RNA duplex is called pre-RISC. Yet, a complex containing a single guide strand is called a mature RISC.

### References

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968000410000630
# Wings 3D/User Manual/UVMapping and Texturing Links

DRAFT 1.6 115
� Section 8: Plug ins WINGS3D USER MANUAL 8.3 UVMapping and Texturing Links UVMapper – You can download the free "Classic" version or buy the new low cost "Pro" version if this UV mapping mainstay. Has a live link to your paint program, so that you can see changes to your texture map almost in real time (Pro version). Link: www.uvmapper.com
UltimateUnwrap3D – Another mainstay in the UV mapping software area. Link: http://www.unwrap3d.com/u3d/index.aspx
Project Dogwaffle – free natural paint program with an SDK for plug-in developers. Link: http://www.thebest3d.com/dogwaffle/free/
The Gimp – a very powerful OpenSource paint program. Link: http://www.gimp.org/
Infinity Textures – seamless texture generation software. Very reasonably priced ($69). Link: http://www.i-tex.de/
# Wings 3D/User Manual/User Interface/General Overview

Please note that screen shots may vary as to exact layout based on different versions of Wings at the time of their capture.
Also note that the Mirai camera mode is assumed throughout the text unless noted otherwise. Keep this in mind while reading, especially if you use one of the other camera modes.
Wings3D opens with an empty Geometry Window at its core. Above the Geometry Window are the Title Bar, the Menu Bar, the Tool Bar, and the Status Bar. At the bottom of the window is the Information Line. The rest of the user interface is accessed via context sensitive menus called up via clicking the Right Mouse Button over the Workspace.
In the Workspace itself are the three main axes which are conveniently labeled X, Y, and Z. It is customary to think in terms of X as being the right and left, Y the up and down and Z the front and back of a model. Many of the commands are axis centric in operation, working around these global axes or around local axes parallel to them. Display colors for each axis can be set to your liking and they can be toggled on or off at will.
You will also find a grid which is useful for measuring the objects you create. It uses Wings Units which is an arbitrary size that you can use to represent any scale you want. i.e. inches, feet etc… On the lower right hand side of the screen you will find a small tab. This is used to resize the geometry window. This is also useful for adding more geometry windows or making room for the Outliner and Geometry Graph so they don’t cover the workspace. The info bar on the bottom shows what options are available, in this case what each mouse button will do, and it will also act as a tool tip informing you of each item's function.
# Wings 3D/User Manual/User Interface/The Geometry Window
## The Geometry Window

* The main window in Wings 3D is the Geometry Window. This is where your work is displayed and worked on. You can change the size and position of any window in Wings in several ways. Wings allows you to customize all your windows, you can even tell Wings what colours it should use for the title bar, background, etc.
* To customize the size of the Geometry Window you can Grab (Left Mouse Button (LMB) hold and drag) the square with the diagonal through it found in the bottom right hand corner of the Geometry Window. This allows you to change the window size, but to move the Geometry Window you have to Grab the window's title bar.

### Geometry Title Bar Resize Options

* Along the very top is the title bar which is labeled with the window's name Geometry. If you place the mouse cursor over the Geometry Window Title Bar then press and hold down the LMB you can drag the window to a new position and drop it by releasing the mouse button.
* Wings allows you to Fit the Geometry Window into a space horizontally or vertically by placing the mouse over its title bar and clicking the Right Mouse Button (RMB). This brings up a menu with the following options: Fit, Size, Hide/Show Toolbar.
   * Clicking Fit brings up a sub-menu asking whether to fit the window to Both (horizontal and vertical), Horizontal or Vertical.
   * Clicking Size allows you to specify the exact pixel width and height of the Geometry Window.
   * Clicking Hide Toolbar make the view area a little larger by hiding the Toolbar. When the Toolbar is hidden this menu will say Show Toolbar.
Note that a Middle Mouse Button click on the title bar of the Geometry Window resizes the window both horizontally and vertically to fit a given space. This works for all the windows in Wings.
* All of the other windows in Wings 3D can be resized and positioned in the same way as the Geometry Window. If you want more than one view port you can resize the Geometry Window then select Window|New Geometry Window. The new window will be called Geometry #2. You can add as many windows as you like and position them how you want. The other windows and their functions will be discussed later on.
# Wings 3D/User Manual/Tips and Tricks

I ended up messing up my settings making the program unusable. Uninstall and reinstall didn't fix it. I found if you install ( may not be necessary) and open documents and settings (in windows, your home folder may work under *nix) folder and delete the wings fold in your user name folder, you can get a clean install with default settings. Saving the content of that directory, is also give you a chance to recover from later configuration error and to get back to a previous one.