OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Easy Ido/Lesson three

Lesson two | Lesson four

## Pronouns

These are words like I, you, he, she, and so on.
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Singular | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural | Plural | Plural | Plural | Reflexive | Indefinite |
| | First | Second | Second | Third | Third | Third | Third | First | Second | Third | Third | Third | Third | | | Reflexive | Indefinite |
| | First | Familiar | Formal | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Pan-Gender | First | Second | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Pan-Gender | Reflexive | Indefinite |
| Ido | me | tu | vu | il(u) | el(u) | ol(u) | lu | ni | vi | ili | eli | oli | li | su | on(u) |
| English | I, me | thou (archaic) | you | he, him | she, her | it | they, them (singular), he, she, it | we, us | you (plural) | they, them (males only) | they, them (females only) | they, them (inanimate or sex-indeterminate only) | they, them | oneself, himself, herself, etc. | one |
Formal vs Familiar: the formal second person singular pronoun (vu) should be used for those you are not friendly with or somebody who holds higher authority than you, whereas the familiar (tu) should be used amongst friends and equals.

### Ownership

Just put an -a on the end to show ownership.
* mea - my, mine
* tua - your, yours (one person, a friend)
* vua - your, yours (one person)
* ilua - his
* elua - her, hers
* olua - its
* lua - his, her, hers, its
* nia - our, ours
* via - your, yours (more than one person)
* ilia - their, theirs (of males)
* elia - their, theirs (of females)
* olia - their, theirs (of inanimate things)
* lia - their, theirs
* onua - one's
* sua - one's own, his own, her own, its own, their own.

### Examples

* Ol esas mea libro. - it is my book.
* Ni havas libro. - we have a book.
* El havas sua ucelo. - she has her (own) bird.
* El havas elua ucelo. - she has her (some other girl's) bird.
* Me ne flugis. - I didn't fly.
Lesson two | Top | Lesson four
# Ecclesiastical Latin/Alphabet

The basic Latin alphabet that is used to write Ecclesiastical Latin is as follows;
A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V X
This is a total of 22 letters. These are all the letters that are needed or used to write native Latin words.
Latin also has 4 additional extra letters that are used in loan words from other languages. These are;
K Y Z W
If you see a word with one of these letters it means that the word is not a native Latin word but rather has been borrowed from either Greek or German or some other language. It also means that even though we are using the word in a Latin sentence, the word still retains its non-Latin identity. This is similar in English when we use words like Fiance from French which retains it non-English identity.
Just as many words from French eventually became "anglicized" and lost their non-English identity, so the same happened to many borrowed words in Latin. We evidence of this in spelling changes. Words from Greek that were formally spelled with a K to identify them as borrowed words eventually lost their Greek identity and became Latinized. People just forgot that these words were borrowed and learned them as part of their native language and as such they took on a Latin identity. When a word such as Kalens was Latinized it changed to Calens, which you may recognize as the origin of the word Calendar.
K and Y represent sounds that are equal to sounds that normal Latin letters make. Z and W represent sounds that do not normally exist within the Latin language and thus can not be converted to a Latin letter. They may on occasion be written by aproximation using DS for Z and UU, or UOU for W.
People who study Classical Latin teach that the letter V makes the same sound as W. Whether or not this is true is not at issue here. What is at issue is that in Ecclesiastical Latin, the letter V never makes the same sound as W.
# Easy Ido/Lesson two

Lesson one | Lesson three

## Verbs

| Grammatical Form | Verb Ending | Example | Example |
| Grammatical Form | Verb Ending | Ido | English |
| Present Tense Infinitive | -ar | vidar | to see |
| Past Tense Infinitive | -ir | vidir | to have seen |
| Future Tense Infinitive | -or | vidor | to be going to see |
| Present | -as | vidas | seeing |
| Past | -is | vidis | saw |
| Future | -os | vidos | will see |
| Imperative | -ez | videz | look! |
| Conditional | -us | vidus | would see |
Note the correlations between the tenses of the infinitive and non-infinitive conjugations (future -o, past -i, present -a)

### The verb "to be"

* The verb "to be" is esar. Me esas (I am), Me esis (I was), Me esos (I will be).
* You can just say es instead of esas if you feel like it. You use this verb all the time and that's why it has a short form.

### Negative

To make a negative, just put ne before the verb. Me ne esas (I am not), ne flugas (doesn't fly), ne vidos (will not see).

## Describing things with verbs
### Active

* Replacing -ar with -anta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is doing an action. Fluganta uceli - flying birds. Kantanta viro - a singing man.
* Replacing -ar with -inta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that has done an action. Fluginta uceli - birds that have flown. Kantinta viro - a man that has sung.
* Replacing -ar with -onta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is going to do an action. Flugonta uceli - birds that are going to fly. Kantonta viro - a man that is going to sing.

### Passive

* Replacing -ar with -ata turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is having something done to it. Drinkata aquo - water being drunk. Manjata pano - bread being eaten.
* Replacing -ar with -ita turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that had something done to it. Drinkita aquo - water that was drunk. Manjita pano - bread that was eaten.
* Replacing -ar with -ota turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is going to have something done to it. Drinkota aquo - water that is going to be drunk. Manjota pano - bread that is going to be eaten.

## Had and have

* When saying things like "I have eaten," "I had gone," and "I will have sung," you use the endings -abas, -abis, and -abos. Me manjabas la pano (I have eaten the bread), me manjabis la pano (I had eaten the bread), me manjabos la pano (I will have eaten the bread).
Lesson one | Top | Lesson three
# Ecclesiastical Latin/Consonants

Most consonants in Latin sound just like their English counterparts.
* B sounds like B.
* D sounds like D.
* F sounds like F.
* L sounds like L.
* M sounds like M.
* N sounds like N.
* P sounds like P.
* Q sounds like Q.
* S sounds like S.
* T sounds like T.
* V sounds like V or W.
* X sounds like X.
That is most of the Alphabet. Now for the letters that are a little funny.
C and G are pronounced differently depending on the following vowel. If it is a back vowel (i.e., A, O, or U) then they will be pronounced "hard," as in cot and got, respectively. If they are followed by a front vowel (E, I, Y, AE or OE) then the C will be softened to the CH sound heard in English words like church (never to an S sound as in English!), and the G will be softened to a J sound.
If the C or G are not to change sound before a front vowel, an H will be inserted between consonant and the vowel to indicate this fact:
Ci = Chee
Chi = Kee
The H sound in Latin is very weak. It is in fact often silent. Some choirs learn to pronounce it as a K sound in words like Mihi, or Nihil, but we will not be learning that in this book.
J does not make anything close to the sound that English J makes. The J sound in English words like Jump would be written as G in Latin. Giamp. In Latin J makes the same sound as the consonant English Y. In English you write "yes" but in Latin we write "jes". This point is of special importance as the name of Jesus in Latin is spelled the same as in English but pronounced differently. We must also keep in mind that some people will not use the letter J at all and will revert to the letter I. This is ok. It still makes the same sound if we put the hook at the bottom or not. Jesus in Latin is pronounced as Yehsoos.
R in Latin is rolled and is not a semi-vowel. Many writers misspelled it as L, as they were so close in sound. The Latin R is somewhere between the letter D and the letter L in sound. If you can get a copy of the old Batman TV show, find an episode where Earth Kitt was playing Catwoman. She has the perfect R sound. If you can sound like her then you are saying your Latin R Perrrrrrfectly, but be careful, Adam West may come out of the bushes looking for his lost love.
# Global Issues: Japan
## Table of Contents

    Preface
* Global Issues and Global Citizenship in Japan
* Globalization in Commerce and Trade
    2.1. Case Study: Toyota Megaweb Showcase
    2.2. Case Study: The Toyota Way
    2.3. Case Study: Kyocera-business model
* Japan's Militarism: Past and Present
    3.1. Case Study: Kototoi Bridge (Asakusa)
    3.2. Case Study: The Emperor in National & International Affairs
* Peace Movements & Peace Museums
    4.1. Case Study: Ritsumeikan University and the Kyoto Museum for World Peace
    4.2. Case Study: National Debate on Article 9
    4.3. Case Study: JUMP--Japan United for Ministry of Peace
* Human Rights in Japan
    5.1. Case Study: Liberty Osaka
    5.2. Case Study: War Crimes Trials, 1945 - 2008
    5.3. Case Study: Human Rights and Discrimination Today
* Gender Issues
    6.1. Case Study: "Comfort Women" in World War II
* Children and the Education System in Japan
* News Media, Politics & Kisha Clubs
* Special Projects
    9.1. The Global Art Project for Peace
    9.2. The Peace Philosophy Centre
    9.3. Harmonics Life Centre
    Postscript
# Global Issues: Japan/Globalization/Toyota Megaweb
## Overview

The Toyota Megaweb Showcase is a huge car showroom. Spread over 260,500 square feet in three pavilions, Mega Web has it's main focus on young consumers in their 20s and early 30s [1]. It's about the past, the present and the future. All the models of Toyota are in this showroom unlocked so as a visitor you can really experience a Toyota. In a way it is Disneyland for adults/men.The purpose of this exhibit is: `We want people to see, ride and dream', this was said by the Toyota Motor Corp. President Hiroshi Okuda [2].
There are six exhibits located in the various buildings of the Toyota Megaweb:
1 History Garage
Here cars from the past can be observed, not only from Toyota but from various brands. There are cars from all over the world from the 1950s to the 1970. The different rooms are a visit worth and have a different timezones and various types of cars.
2 Universal Designer Showcase
In this showcase is about the design of cars. How is this done and what should you think about.
3 Toyota City Showcase
In this part you can see and learn all about Toyota's new models. Experience for yourself Toyota's new technology showcased in the hybrid and racing cars. Also announcements of new cars and motorsport events are communicated here.
4 Ride One
At ride one a person with a car licence can perform a test drive in one of the latest Toyota cars on a track. The costs are around 300 yen per car. In this way you can really experience a Toyota.
5 E-com Ride
This ride consists of a large track that passes around the complex but also through the building. The E-com ride are small special painted cars that drive by themselves. It's a kind of cruise control of the future, the car increase speed or break automatically.
6 Kids Hybrid Ride One
The kids are not forgotten. In this exhibit kids can drive a car. Here there are motor assisted hybrid cars that drive around on a 150 m circuit.

## History/Timeline

In March 1999 this Showroom opened her doors for visitors. The exhibits, and the current and the future cars are updated frequently.

## References

[1-2] http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54267288 retrieved on 25MAY09.
Personal visit to the Toyota Megaweb Showcase
Website of the Toyota Megaweb: http://www.megaweb.gr.jp/English retrieved on 25MAY09
http://www.autoblog.com/2006/07/11/toyota-mega-web-the-best-auto-showroom-ever retrieved on 25MAY09
http://metropolis.co.jp/CarsBikesarchive349/305/carsbikesinc retrieved on 25MAY09
# How to Write a Program/Before you start

Before you prepare to start writing a new program using your text editor (or IDE), remember this:

## Rule 1: Don't write that Program!

The world is full of bad code, we don't need your bad code! Therefore the first rule is Don't! Look for programs that do, or almost do what you want them to and use / modify them.
Remember what Eric S. Raymond wrote in The Cathedral and the Bazaar:
   So, did I immediately launch into a furious whirl of coding up a brand-new POP3 client to compete with the existing ones? Not on your life! I looked carefully at the POP utilities I had in hand, asking myself Which one is closest to what I want? Because:
   2. Good programmers know what to write. Great ones know what to rewrite (and reuse).
   While I don't claim to be a great programmer, I try to imitate one. An important trait of the great ones is constructive laziness. They know that you get an A not for effort but for results, and that it's almost always easier to start from a good partial solution than from nothing at all.
Some good sources for finding already-written software include:
* Software directories such as Freshmeat or the Free Software Foundation's Free Software Directory
* Open Source Software Development Hubs ("Forges") such as SourceForge.
* Generic web search engines such as Google search.
* The package repositories of various Linux distributions, and other distributions or operating systems.
* Collections of packages for various languages or platforms such as Perl's CPAN (the "Comprehensive Perl Archive Network").
Normally searching using a good search engine (by trying several keywords) and on Freshmeat would be enough. If you still want to be sure, you can try asking whether anyone can point you to such a program in a relevant channel in a popular Internet Relay Chat (IRC) network such as Freenode or different kinds of Internet forums.
If you were able to find a program that almost does what you want this way, you may wish to move on to the How to Write a Program/Enhancing code

## Rule 2: Think about what you want the program to do before you start.

Writing the wrong program is the most expensive mistake you can make. So let us consider How to Write a Program/Requirements analysis

## Program a computer you can unplug

* ↑ C2:ProgramComputersYouCanUnplug
# How to Use Rhino Mocks/Out and Ref Parameters

Both out and ref parameters are supported.
At the end of the Expect statement, add .OutRef(outOrRefParam0, outOrRefParam1,...) as shown below.
Or, if you are using lambda-style expectations:
The variables/objects in OutRef have the same order as for the method call, ignoring any parameters that are not out or ref.
# How to Write a Program

This book assumes you have read one or more books on how to program, and you have some degree of familiarity with one or more computer languages.
Now you are sitting in front of your computer and want to start writing a program... and after several tries you find yourself stuck, in a blind corner or feel you are just going about this wrong.
Now is the time to read this book.

## Table of Contents

* Before you start
* Requirements analysis
* Architecture
* Refactoring
* Enhancing code

## Appendix

* Collected Real-life Experiences
# How to Use Rhino Mocks/Testing Events

Rhino Mocks can be used to test events on interfaces. For example, let's assume an interface that represents an editor view. This might in turn be implemented by an untested, lightweight user control in a WinForms application:
We'll be testing the presenter class of this view. An NUnit test that asserts some action takes place due to this event being raised might look like this:
# Gujarati/Present

surya ugyo

## Formation of the present tense

The present tense in Gujarati is for most verbs formed by removing the infinitive ending વું vũ, placing a grammatical person marker in its place, and placing the appropriate present-tense form of the verb to be afterwards.
The formula thus follows the lines of:
    [verb stem + personal marker] [form of to be]
For example, for the first person:
    [kar + ũ] [chhũ]
Or in full,
    Hũ e karũ chhũ. (હું એ કરું છું.)
    I it doing am. ("I am doing it.")

### The verb to be (હોવું hovũ)

The verb હોવું is irregular both in its stem (છ chh as opposed to હો cho) and in that it does not take an auxiliary (as it is itself the auxiliary used by all other verbs). Because it is used to conjugate all other verbs, it is essential to know all the following forms.
The forms shown below are the "forms of to be" mentioned above that are used to form the present tense.
| Pronoun (En) | Pronoun (Guj) | Verb form |
| I | હું hũ | છું chhũ |
| you | તું tũ | છે chhe |
| he/she/it | એ e | છે chhe |
| we | અમે ame | છીએ chhiie |
| you | તમે tame | છો chho |
| they | એ e | છે chhe |

### Present tense endings

These are the "personal markers" mentioned above that are used to form the present tense.
| Pronoun | Personal marker |
| હું hũ | ઉં ũ |
| તું tũ | એ e |
| એ e | એ e |
| અમે ame | ઈએ iie |
| તમે tame | ઓ o |
| એ e | એ e |

### Example: a regular verb, કરવું karvũ

The verb stem is derived by removing -vũ:
    કરવું karvũ → કર kar
| Pronoun | Verb form | Form of to be |
| હું hũ | કરું karũ | છું chhũ |
| તું tũ | કરે kare | છે chhe |
| એ e | કરે kare | છે chhe |
| અમે ame | કરીએ kariie | છીએ chhiie |
| તમે tame | કરો karo | છો chho |
| એ e | કરે kare | છે chhe |
Thus we can make such sentences as:
    Hũ (e) karu chhũ. I am doing (it).
    Apņe (kaam) kariie chhiie. We are doing (work).
    Tũ (shũ) kare chhe ? (What) are you doing?

## Negative present tense

The negative present tense is formed completely differently from the positive present tense. It follows the pattern:
    [negative marker] [verb stem + form of tũ]
Note:
* The negative marker can be any one of the following: નથી nathii, ન na, નહિ nahi.
* The form of the suffix તું tũ must agree in gender and number with the agent of the verb (thing performing the action).
For example, if Mayur (a man's name) says, "I am not doing work," this is:
    [nathii] [kar + to]
    Hũ (kaam) nathii karto. I am not doing (work).

### Forms of તું tũ

The various gender forms of તું tũ are:
| | Singular | Plural |
| Neuter | તું tũ | તાં tãã |
| Masculine | તો to | તા taa |
| Feminine | તી tii | તી tii |
# Gujarati/Sentence structure

In Gujarati, simple sentences can be constructed in the following ways.

##### Using only a verb

| Gujarati (Gujarati) | Gujarati (latin) | English |
| બેસ | bes | sit (imperative) |

##### Using a subject and a verb

The general order is subject, then verb.
| Gujarati (Gujarati) | Gujarati (latin) | English |
| હું દોડું છું. | hu(n) dodu chhu. | I am running. |
| તે ખાય છે | te khay chhe | He is eating. |

##### Using a subject, object and verb

The general order is subject, then object, then verb.
| Gujarati (Gujarati) | Gujarati (latin) | English |
| તે રોટલી ખાય છે. | te rotli khay chhe | He is eating chapati. |
# Gujarati/Verbs

* Hello - Uthar
* Your - Lalkeri Tarykrhccabau
* Yours - Lalkari Tarykrhccabah
* My - Jlkachi
* Mine - Uq
* Magic -Jqurjn
# Gujarati/Past

The past in Gujarati is formed using different pronouns than in the present and future indicatives:
મેં આપડે/અમે
તે તમે
પ્રકાશે (example of use with names - here પ્રકાશ was used)
Example: a transitive verb બનવું (banvu - slightly irregular):
Here, number and gender of the object determine the conjugation of the verb:
પ્રકાશે લાડુ બનાવિયું but also દિપ્તીએ લાડુ બનાવિયું
પ્રકાશે રોતી બનાવી
# Gyakuten Kenji 2/Controls

| Button | Action |
| D-Pad | Move Edgeworth |
| A | Examine objects Talk to characters Advance through dialogues/testimonies Confirm selection |
| B | Hold to run Go back through testimony statements Cancel selection Go back through menus Hold to advance quickly through dialogues, where possible |
| X | Present evidence during testimonies Connect logic Deduce/present during examining of objects Zoom in when using the 3D viewer |
| Y | Talk to your partner during investigations Hold to activate microphone where available Zoom out when using the 3D viewer |
| L | Open Logic menu during investigations Press during testimonies |
| R | Open Organizer Switch between Evidence and Profiles |
| Start | Save game |
All actions also have a Touch Screen equivalent that is performed with the Stylus.
# Hypnosis/Chapters/Methods/Voice Emotions Table

Emotions effect on the human voice
| | joy | sorrow | anger | fear | disgust | surprise |
| voice quality | breathy and blearing | resonant | breathy with chest tone | irregular and blearing | grumbled with chest tone | breathy and blearing |
| articulation | normal | slurring | tense | precise | normal | tense and precise |
| speech rate | faster or slower | slightly slower | slightly faster | much faster | very much slower | much faster |
| intensity | higher | lower | higher | normal | lower | higher |
| pitch range | much wider | slightly narrower | much wider | much wider | slightly wider | much wider |
| pitch average | much higher | slightly lower | very much higher | very much higher | very much lower | much higher |
| pitch changes | smooth with upwards inflections | downward inflections | abrupt on stressed syllable | normal | wide downward on terminal inflections | rising contour |
# Hypnosis/Scripts/Confidence in Company

As you go deeper relaxed¦ you will remain more relaxed… whenever you are in the presence of other people… and it does not matter whether it is a small group of people… or a large group… or whether they are friends or strangers…. you always remain calm and relaxed when you are in the company of other people… you will now learn to remain comfortable and confident when speaking to other people… you will always be able to express yourself easily and confidently… and you always speak freely and easily… with intelligence and humor when appropriate … your conversations will flow easily….and you will enjoy talking to people…. about any subject that arises… and you are always able to meet people on equal terms…
You replace old feelings with your increasing ability to focus on your strengths….. you will become… so deeply interested… so deeply absorbed in what you are saying… that you become completely focused in the conversation… to the complete exclusion of everything else… and you always remain perfectly relaxed… perfectly calm and self confident… when you are speaking to other people… whether it is to do with business or pleasure… whether its on a one to one… or to a group… when you are with other people… you become much less conscious of yourself… and your own feelings… you will consequently be able to talk quite freely and naturally… if you should try to think of yourself….you will immediately shift your attention back to your conversation … and you will remain calm… confident… and self assured… at all times… and because of this… you will find that you get on better with people… you gain their respect easily… because you are a good listener too… and you like to laugh with people… as laughter is a wonderful way to communicate… and you feel happy and content….knowing that you can communicate easily with people from all walks of life… as you draw upon your experiences of life to make your conversations interesting…. and as time goes by… you will find that you enjoy being around other people… as your skills of communication grow more and more refined… and you draw opportunities towards you… as people respond to your likable easy going personality… and so as you grow more and more confident about your own abilities… when your in the company of other people… you grow more confident about yourself… and develop an inner calm and strength… as the days weeks and months go by….
# HydroGeoSphere/GRID BUILDER

The following instruction can be used to export data generated by grok to GRID BUILDER:

## Gms mesh to gb

Changes the behaviour of the instruction read 2d gms slice, causing it to output the 2-D GMS mesh (coordinates, element node lists and element zone numbers) to a file prefixo.imp, which can be imported into GRID BUILDER.