OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# C Sharp for Beginners/Variables

Variables are simply places to store data like numbers, strings (text), arrays of numbers or strings, and other objects. Each variable can only store data of one type, and you must declare variables before attempting to set or get their values. Here is a sample program that uses variables:
The output would be:
You can see that variables are declared using the form [type] [variable name]; and are set using the = operator. You can declare multiple variables of the same type by placing commas after each variable name:
If you want to set variables immediately after you declare them, you can use the form [type] [variable name] = [value];:
The output would be exactly the same as before.

## Types

C# offers various types of variables besides int and string. Here is a short list of the available types:
* bool - stores true or false.
* byte - stores an unsigned byte.
* sbyte - stores a signed byte.
* char - stores a single character: char theLetterA = 'a';
* int - stores an integer: int number = 100;
* short, long - both store an integer.
* ushort, uint, ulong - both store an unsigned integer
* float - stores a floating-point number: float number = 3.14159;
* double - stores a double-precision floating-point number.
* decimal - stores a quadruple-precision floating-point number.
* string - stores a string, or a sequence of characters.
Note: a floating-point number is a number which can be fractional. For example, 3.14159 is a floating-point number while 314 is just an integer.
You may be wondering why there are so many types for storing integers and floating-point numbers. Signed integers can be negative as well as positive, while unsigned integers can only be positive. So, byte, ushort, uint and ulong can only store positive integers.
There are also different sizes for integers and floating-point numbers; a type with a bigger size has a bigger range than a type with a smaller size. Here are the sizes of the types:
* byte, sbyte - 8 bits, or 1 byte. byte can store numbers from 0 to 255, while sbyte can store numbers from -128 to 127.
* short, ushort - 16 bits, or 2 bytes. short can store numbers from -32,768 to 32,767, while ushort can store numbers from 0 to 65,535.
* int, uint - 32 bits, or 4 bytes. int can store numbers from negative 2 billion to positive 2 billion, while uint store numbers from 0 to 4 billion.
* long, ulong - 64 bits, or 8 bytes. long can store numbers from negative 9 million million million to positive 9 million million million, while ulong can store numbers from 0 to 18 million million million.
You may also be wondering why there are small types when we could use the biggest available types (long, decimal). The answer is that most computers today are 32-bit, which means that they are designed to handle 32-bit numbers. 64-bit numbers are therefore slower to add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
# C Shell Scripting/Modifiers
## Variable Modifiers

In C shell, the path value obtained from a variable can be modified before it is used into a command or expression. Variable modifiers are given after a colon (:) at the end of a variable. The meaning of the modifiers are as follows:
:h returns the directory of a path (aka "head") :t returns the filename of a path (aka "tail") :r returns the directory and filename without the last extension (aka "root") :e returns the extension of the path (aka "end")
For example, using this script:
will produce this:

## Lessons

* Variable modifiers are convenient to manipulate paths within the script.
* tcsh allows chaining modifiers together but some implementations only support one modifier at a time.
* Concatenating a variable with a colon character requires code such as $var"": or ${var}: to avoid a "Bad : modifier" error.
# Compiler Construction
## Chapters

* About the Book
* Introducing Compilers and Interpreters (Feb 3, 2005)
* Describing a Programming Language
* Lexical analysis (Jan 31, 2005)
* Case Study 1 - a simple Interpreter (Feb 15, 2005)
* Syntax Analysis
* Case Study 1B - a Compiler/Interpreter front-end written in C using Lex and Yacc
* A recipe for writing a reusable grammar
* Semantic Analysis
* Intermediate Representation
* Dealing with errors (Jan 27, 2005)
* Optimization
* Code Generation
* Run-time Considerations
* Known Languages Conceptual Implementations
* Glossary (Feb 15, 2005)
* External Links
* References

## Appendices

The following are Java code referenced in the book.
* State.java
* TestState.java
# Competitive Intelligence/Research

* Primary research
* Secondary research
Before one can analyze information and adjust company strategy accordingly, one must gather data to analyze. Online resources have made gathering a certain level of information on competitors and industry very easy and inexpensive; indeed many sources of published information are available on the internet. Gathering published information is the most commonly used competitive intelligence (CI) method. Because of the abundance of published information available online, care must be taken to be selective and collect only relevant, valuable, and necessary information. Valuable sources of published information include the various directories of companies, associations, and periodicals, government sources, and external online databases. Companies’ annual reports, analyst reports, and SEC filings also contain useful info. Given the abundance of resources easily available, organizations should guard against a more = better mentality, as this can lead to wasted effort. Prior to data gathering, CI professionals should plan carefully and determine exactly what needs to be found.
However, since the goal of CI is to gain a competitive advantage, relying on information available in the public domain, the low hanging fruit of intelligence, should be merely a CI operation’s first stop rather than the final destination. Since it is so easy to gather material online, the information gleaned there is unlikely to lead to unique insights unavailable to other companies. This risk applies to all publicly available and published information, which also runs the hazard of containing incorrect or misleading information. Therefore, CI researchers must be wary of relying on these sources. Collected information should be verified and compared to other sources to ensure reliability. Inaccurate information can skew observations and lead to erroneous conclusions. Everyone involved in the gathering process should know what is needed and what the goal is.
Consequently, though the internet is a first stop in information gathering, CI professionals typically spend more time and effort gathering information using primary research, such as speaking with one’s own employees, customers, and suppliers or networking with outside industry experts. Many companies contain vast untapped CI resources that are unknown or at least underutilized. One way to take stock of the internal information available is through an information workshop. These informal exchanges bring representatives from throughout the company together and allow them to share intelligence that can be consolidated and distributed throughout an organization. Going through this process frequently reveals that a given company has much more information than previously known, and that the knowledge gaps are relatively small.
# Competitive Intelligence/Web Research

Web research is a component of the stick-fetching stage of secondary research in the self-diagnostic bench-marking framework. It is the least developed stage.
# Competitive Intelligence/Types

At the company level, CI can provide insight to Support corporate strategy. CI professionals should be Key members of a strategy team to make sure that all Senior executives are up-to-date on the competitors’ latest strategic moves and communicated plans. Business or financial aspects such as where the competitors invest and what the competitors’ margins are should be addressed by CI
At the product level, CI can provide insight to support product development. In product managers’ efforts to assess their own products’ competitive weaknesses or strengths, knowing what key rivals are offering within specific product categories is of high importance.
At the marketing level, CI can provide insight to support marketing strategy. CI is often located in the marketing department and thus the CI team will play an important part in providing relevant insight to all four Ps (price, product, place, and promotion) in the marketing mix as part of deciding on an overall marketing strategy.
At the partnerships level, provide tactical intelligence on how to outperform Key competitors. To support the company’s client facing team with current intelligence will usually improve the win rate significantly.
Intelligence can also be broken into three levels:
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
Most organizations focus on the tactical piece - looking at product level intelligence on the competition.
# Drinking Water/Displacement

This section teaches how to move water from a well, or above water storage level.

## Bailer bucket

A bailer bucket can be made out of over 3" PVC pipe.

## Hand pump

This can be made out of pvc pipe and fittings.
# English-Hanzi/Study

A study is a learning.
研究 是 一种 学习。
# English-Hanzi/Surface

Surface is the outside part of something.
表面 就是 某事物 的 外面 部分。
# English-Hanzi/Style

Style is a particular way of doing something.
风格是做某事物的一种特殊方式。
# English-Hanzi/Subject

A subject is something that is studied in a school, such as English, math, and physics.
学科 是 在 学校 学习 的 某事物，如 英语，数学，和 物理。
# English-Hanzi/Sudan

Sudan is a country in the northeast of Africa.
Sudan是非洲东北部的一个国家。
# English-Hanzi/Substance

A substance is a thing that is a solid, liquid, or gas. Every substance has its special quality.
物质 是 一种 固体，液体，或 气体 的 东西。每种 物质 都 有 其 特质。
# English-Hanzi/Sugar

Sugar is a natural sweet substance. It is made from the sweet juice of different plants. There are various products of sugar, such as white sugar, brown sugar, and molasses.
糖 是 天然 的 甜味 物质。它 由 不同 植物 的 甜汁 制成。有 各种 糖类 产品，如 白糖，红糖，和 黑糖。
# English-Hanzi/Summer

Summer is the second season of a year.
夏天 是 一年 的 第二个 季节。
# English-Hanzi/Sun

A sun is a star. Its planets run around it.
太阳 是 一个 恒星。它的 行星 围绕 它 运行。
# English-Hanzi/Sunday

Sunday is the day after Saturday.
星期日 是 星期六 之后 一日。
# Future Media

The production of "future media" often involves a team of artists, musicians, multimedia experts, communicators and other kinds of specialists. New media communication technologies can prepare people for emerging career opportunities that are being generated by interactive, immersive, multistory, multimedia technologies. A historical perspective is necessary to understand predicted future trends, but this book is about the future, not the past or present.

## Entrepreneurs, Artists, Musicians and Multimedia Experts

* Future Media Topics
* The New Entrepreneurs
* Design
* Music and Sound
* Interactive MultiMedia

## Chapters

* Media Fads Versus Paradigm Shifts
* Social Networking - An On-Line Phenomenon
* Viral Media
* Multi-sensory Media Is About To Explode
* Virtual Experiences: Now More Like Our Real World
* Emerging Technologies: Preparing For The Next Job Market
* User Generated Media
* Media Convergence
* Other Topics
* Field Trip Feedback

## Topic Information

* Scheduling Interactive Media Projects
* Using the WIKIbooks and Facebook
* SIGGRAPH - A Once Per Year Opportunity in Emerging Medias
* Learning Resources
* Software
* External links

## Learning About Future Media

The ideal environment for learning about future media technologies would include demonstrations, field trips, and other “learn by doing” experiences. Guest speakers and panel discussions including industry professionals, alumni, professors, and students with expertise in fields mentioned above can provide invaluable information. Software tools for hands-on lab work could include, but be limited to: graphic editing (Adobe Photoshop), audio editing (Adobe Audition), video editing (Apple Final Cut Pro).

### In your study of future media, you CAN expect to

* 1. Experience an overview of historical and emerging industry trends in graphic design, music technology, and multimedia.
* 2. Be able to define the marketable skills, attitudes and strategies demanded by future careers.
* 3. Experience how technology is affecting world wide social development.
* 4. Discuss some differences between a Believer’s media perspective and secular developers who might focus primarily on profit and entertainment value.
* 5. Be amazed and sometimes overwhelmed by what you can do with interactive media.
* 6. Learn techniques to locate, organize and analyze emerging communication technologies.

### During your study of future media, you should NOT expect to

* 1. Be passive while others do most of the thinking for you.
# Future Media/Emerging Technologies: Preparing For The Next Job Market

In his best seller "The World is Flat", Thomas Friedman states that "anything that can be defined by a set of procedures or formulas, and anything that can be accomplished in cheaper in another country will be outsourced - if it hasn't happened already". There are things we can do to prepare ourselves for this outsourcing of jobs is affecting every profession and the "flattening" of our world.
If we can learn to think like "designers", rather than piggy banks for information we safeguard our own futures. With the advent of the internet, portable devices and powerful search engines, piggy bank employees are being outsourced. There is no indication that artificial intelligence, or any other technology, will ever be able to compete with the creative intelligence of humans. For self preservation, how do we cultivate our own creative potential to a marketable level?
As a result of outsourcing and other disruptive trends in modern society, it will be important to realize what it takes to be successful in the future job market. In the past, talented individuals who were willing to work hard and be honest would end up on top. That will change. From now on, it will be the rule breakers and the innovators, the creative people who can figure out new ways to write the rules who will be successful.
# Future/Totalitarian State

One of the most often mentioned-upon scenarios (especially by the media and other proponents for free speech) is the possibility that restriction of rights will lead to the formation of more totalitarian states in the future. By totalitarian states, they most often mean states in which the government controls the powers of knowing everything that is going on domestically, and are of unparalleled ability to influence events and society inside their states. To many individuals and to the democratic/republican/federal ideal, this is the bane of modern society. We here analyze the arguments both in favor and against the formation and survival of the totalitarian states of the future.

## Arguments For Totalitarian State Viability

Many existing and emerging technologies can be used by the government(s) to enforce totalitarian control over all aspects of human lives. The following are examples of such technologies:

### Spying

The US Army is developing a full scale 3D Earth simulator, which will be tapped directly into the "Global Information Grid" which could come to oversee the MESH control grid that will also play a role in tracking. The end result is that they will have a full scale simulation of Earth that will allow them to zoom in toward your home (already possible to an extent through tools such as Google map), and possibly see hidden weapons through your clothing. PrisonPlanet claims that such work could eventually result in governmental control over the Internet (although it seems that so far the states' powers are limited to declaring that certain web pages are off limits for computers inside a country, such as in China). Biometrics like face scanning technology are being developed into some of the ITS cameras; thumb print scanners are being implemented into retail stores and [ retinal scans are now being implemented into grade schools . National ID cards are on the way (such as in China), and they could probably include biometric data. Global ID cards are being developed to set up the global control grid. Current RFID / biochip tracking systems include "Digital Angel" and the DoD's DISA (See video) A future step could be a form of nanotechnology that The Man has titled "NBIC". The goals of NBIC are the rapid evolution of mankind (humans into transhumans into posthumans), super AI and what they have actually titled the "collective society" .

### Anti-Riot Weaponry

Some states may be massing advanced anti-protest weapons so that they could be able to disperse any crowd. Old technologies were fire hoses, tear gas, batons, shields, stun/sting grenades, rubber bullets and capture nets . New technologies include laser stun rifles, audio cannons, microwave pain beams, magnetosphere guns and more . War has more on this topic.

## References

* Ignorance Isn't Bliss - an emotional, but mostly well-reasoned description of the possibility and danger of totalitarian scenario.
* Information Week* ozarkmtns.com
* Google search

## Links

* Big Brother takes a controlling interest in chips - a totalitarian scenario presented by Vernor Vinge, developed for his book Rainbows End.
* Panopticon.
# Future Media/Field Trip Feedback

Use these pages to provide reflective feedback related to field trips that will take place this semester.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Sales Compensation/Functions/Maintain Module Information

Some parameters and data tables are used by every module. These are maintained by Systems Administration. But, every module has some parameters and/or data tables that it alone uses. Systems Administration can change this information but each module has a function "Maintain Module Information" that can change it as well. This allows segments of systems administration to be delegated to the senior person in charge of a particular module.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Receiving

Receiving receives the physical goods from suppliers, verifies their quantity and quality and delivers them to their destination within the enterprise. It interacts with Purchasing by flagging Purchase Order lines as received and, after authorization from Purchasing, with Inventory by reducing on-order and increasing on-hand quantities. See Purchasing for a description of invoice matching. Normally, Shipping and Receiving occur in the same physical location. All ERP packages have a receiving function although it might be included in Inventory rather than made a separate module.
* Functions
* Reports

## Data Exchange

Receiving sends transactions to Purchasing and Inventory.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Receiving/Functions/Maintain Module Information

Some parameters and data tables are used by every module. These are maintained by Systems Administration. But, every module has some parameters and/or data tables that it alone uses. Systems Administration can change this information but each module has a function "Maintain Module Information" that can change it as well. This allows segments of systems administration to be delegated to the senior person in charge of a particular module.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Sales Analysis/Functions

Sales Analysis has the following functions:
* Analyze Sales by Customer
* Analyze Sales by Product
* Analyze Sales by Sales Representative
* Analyze Sales by Day/Week/Month/Period/Quarter
* Analyze Sales by Territory
* Maintain Module Information
# ERP Internals/Modules/Sales Analysis/Functions/Maintain Module Information

Some parameters and data tables are used by every module. These are maintained by Systems Administration. But, every module has some parameters and/or data tables that it alone uses. Systems Administration can change this information but each module has a function "Maintain Module Information" that can change it as well. This allows segments of systems administration to be delegated to the senior person in charge of a particular module.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Sales Compensation

Sales compensation allows management to set sales compensation policies that reflect business objectives, calculate sales compensation based on information from Order Entry/Invoicing, and send it to Payroll for processing. Sales Compensation allows management to monitor the performance of sales staff and spot problems early. Commissions are calculated according to user-defined rules. They can be based on who sold the goods, when they were sold, how many were sold, and what types of goods were sold. A "draw" is a payment made in advance of an actual sale. Sales Compensation allows both recoverable and non-recoverable draws. Not every ERP package has a separate Sales Compensation module although all the large ones do.
* Functions
* Reports

## Tables

Sales people are either employees handled through Payroll or contractors handled through Accounts Payable. Thus Sales Compensation share the Employee table with Payroll and the Supplier group of tables with Accounts Payable. The first table in Sales Compensation is the Salesperson table which contains one record for every salesperson. The second table is the Contract table which contains one record for every sales contract. The third table links Contracts with Inventory Items.

## Data Exchange

Sales Compensation sends transactions to Payroll or Accounts Payable depending on the type of salesperson.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Quotation/Functions/Maintain Module Information

Some parameters and data tables are used by every module. These are maintained by Systems Administration. But, every module has some parameters and/or data tables that it alone uses. Systems Administration can change this information but each module has a function "Maintain Module Information" that can change it as well. This allows segments of systems administration to be delegated to the senior person in charge of a particular module.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Sales Analysis

Sales are a critical part of every business. Sales Analysis analyzes sales by product type, territory, sales representative, product, customer, date, etc. and combinations thereof. The Analysis function selects, sorts, and summarizes sales transactions and presents them in numeric and graphic forms. It supports both pre-defined and ad hoc queries. Every ERP package has a Sales Analysis module although some bundle it in with other modules.
* Functions
* Reports

## Tables

Sales Analysis has a separate, read-only table that is optimized for quick access. Each record in the sales analysis table represents a line on an order. The table is updated once a day.

## Data Exchange

Sales Analysis receives data from Order Entry/Invoicing.
# ERP Internals/Modules/Sales Compensation/Functions

Sales Compensation has the following functions:
* Maintain Contract Information
* Maintain Module Information
# ERP Internals/Modules/Receiving/Functions

Receiving has the following functions:
* Receive a Shipment
* Maintain Module Information
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Refine Nutmeg
## Description

Brewing various materials together to refine nutmeg.

## Produces

* low grade nutmeg
* medium grade nutmeg
* nutmeg
* high grade nutmeg

## Used in the following recipes

* Candied Jumjum
* Candied Pecans
* Dried Jumjum
* Jumjum Muffins
* Jumjum Pie
* Nutmeg Cake
* Nutmeg Cookies
* Nutmeg Fizzlepop
* Pecan Pie
* Pecan-Jumjum Trail Mix
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Sunfish Steak
## Produces

* bland sunfish steak
* savory sunfish steak
* sunfish steak
* delectable sunfish steak

## Used in the following recipes

* Basil Grilled Sunfish
* Sunfish Casserole
* Sunfish Jerky
* Sunfish Sandwich
* Sunfish Soup
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Timbercraft Essentials Volume 1

This book contains the following recipes.

## Refine

* Calium Paper
* Maple Lumber

## Interim

* Maple Dowel
* Maple Quill
* Maple Stave
* Planed Maple Lumber
* Turned Maple Lumber

## Finish

None.
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Pasta
## Produces

* bland pasta
* savory pasta
* pasta
* delectable pasta

## Used in the following recipes

* Bear Pasta
* Blowfish Pasta
* Caiman Pasta
* Deer Pasta
* Manticore Pasta
* Octopus Pasta
* Pork Pasta
* Shrimp Pasta
* Vulrich Pasta