OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blair Witch Project/Cloverfield

The Blair Witch Project and Cloverfield differ from the standard shooting style in several different ways.
* The whole film is presented as if it were an unedited documentary, filmed by the protagonists, and as such the shooting style resembles that of an amateur documentary or a home movie.
* This includes shaking shots when the characters are running and more or less useless or irrelevant shots when the characters are just fooling around with the cameras.
* A large part of the Blair Witch Project is in black and white, as one of the cameras that the protagonists carry with them only shoots in this format. This adds to the realism of the movie.

# Ken Loach

The films of Ken Loach have an incredible authenticity and 'realness' to them. How does he achieve this?
Taken from "Loach on Loach"
* Never use ADR
* Run the entire scene for every shot, don't break the scene down into little "shot length" segments.
* Light the entire scene so you're not artificially telling the audience "THIS is the lead actor for this scene, the others are less important"
* Don't give the actors marks (indeed, you don't have to because you're lighting the entire scene)
* Actors should have vulnerabilities

# Dogme/Dogma

From Bright Lights Film Journal: Copyrights lawyers are out of luck. Anyone can obtain a Dogme certificate if [they] shoot a film in accordance with the ten rules known as "The Vow of Chastity."

### The Vow of Chastity

* Shooting on location (no imported props or sets)
* Sound and image produced together
* A handheld camera
* Natural light
* No optical work or filters
* No superficial action (murders, weapons)
* No temporal or geographic alienation
* No genre films
* Film format must be Academy 35mm.
* No signature; the director must not be credited.

# Alfred Hitchcock

A man dedicated to suspense and intrigue
Emotion is the ultimate goal of each of his shots. Hitchcock believed that emotion came directly from the actor's eyes. By bringing us closer or tearing us away he used camera angles to jerk us into the feeling of his moments.
The camera should be just like a person looking around for something out of place in a room. This allows the audience to feel like they are involved the action. Scenes can often begin by panning a room showing close-ups of objects that explain plot elements.
Hitchcock also loved to keep us on our toes by throwing in shots fast and close after being slow and far...

# Sources

* Bright Lights Film Journal - An article about Dogme films
* IMDB Glossary letter: D - Dogme 95 explanation
# Movie Making Manual/Short Films/Distribution and Exhibition
## Short Film evenings

Take a look at these links to find out where you can try to get your short film screened and/or watch others' shorts.

### London

* ShortiCulture
* Fresh Films Cafe
* Exploding Cinema

### Hamburg

* Zeise short film slam

### Berlin

* Great Shorts Cinemaxx

### India

* Beta Movement [SPA,Delhi]
# Movie Making Manual/Short Films/Exploding Cinema

More info: ExplodingCinema.org

# Reviews

I've only been to one Exploding Cinema event but it was excellent. Apparently they show EVERY film they're sent, which I find amazing because the films were some of the best I've seen for a long while. A thrilling mix of all sorts of films: from obscure and arty to comic and mainstream. They EC crew did a great job with the venue - they had loads of old 8mm projects setup all round the place playing loops of 70s porn and stuff! Brilliant night out - highly recommended. - Dan AKA Jack 03-02-2005
# Movie Making Manual/Short Films/Fresh Films Cafe

Fresh Film's independent, film café 2005 programme is here. All events from Fresh Films London Ltd are not for profit. Look out for:
* Regular screenings on Tuesdays
* Children’s Film Festival and a Music and Film season both to be held in March and April 2005. This season is generously funded by Film London and New Cross Gate New Deal for the Community. The above programme is subsidised, supported by the National Lottery through the UK Film Council and Film London Regional Investment Fund for England. Full details to follow shortly. We are now open for submissions for shorts and B movies
Tuesday screenings:

## February 8th 2005:

* L’homme Du Train: 2002. Patrice Leconte, starring Jean Rochefort and Johnny Hallyday.
** ‘A charming melancholic divertissement’ Time Out. It’s a beautiful
and touching film. Paths not taken and lives not tasted are meshed in this part western, part odd couple film which manages to be funny and subtle whilst never straying into farce. As Hallyday cases the local bank his host prepares for surgery and the two develop an unspoken interconnection. A film to be savoured over wine.
* February 22nd: La Haine (second in our online film poll)
* March 8th:Delicatessen (winner of the online film poll)
£5.00 gets you a hot meal and entrance. The Café is fully licensed; bottled beer and wine available plus Fair Trade tea and espresso/ hot chocolate. Fabulous cake.
Films start at 8.00, café open from 7.00. Call Chris for more info: 07905 961 876. Or phone the café on: 020 8320 2317. Tickets can be bought in advance from the café. Early arrival advised, it gets packed.
More info: www.freshfilmslondon.com

# Where is it?

Café Crema, 306 New Cross Road. Close to New Cross and New Cross Gate tube stations on the East London Line. Easy on the bus.
# Movie Making Manual/Shake

This Module is part of the Movie Making Manual wikibook
Shake is used for 3D compositing and effects. http://www.apple.com/shake/
# Movie Making Manual/Short Ends
## What is a "short end"?

A "short end" is a can of unexposed filmstock that low-budget filmmakers can use as free filmstock.

## Why do they exist?

Well, consider any typical film shoot. They will load the camera with filmstock and shoot. If they finish the day before finishing the film loaded in the camera then they'll split the film loaded in the camera: the exposed footage will go off to their lab for developing whilst the unexposed footage will go into a can to be used at a future date.

## But why doesn't the production company in question re-use the short end?

Because they won't get negative insurance (insurance which will pay for a re-shoot if the negative film turns out to be duff).

## Oh, and what's a "re-can"?

A re-can is filmstock that has been loaded into a magazine but never used in the camera. Re-cans contain as much filmstock as a new can would (i.e. either 400 or 1000 foot).

## Great, how do I get short ends?

Spend a day on the phone calling up your local production companies. If you want to be clever then find try to find companies which only shoot on film. Say "Hi, my name's blah and I'm producing a low budget film. I'm sorry to bother you but I was wondering if you happened to have any 16mm short ends kicking about?" Most will say "no". One or two will say "um, what's a short end?". And about 1 in 100 will say "sure, come over later".
Make sure you're very polite and thankful. Make sure you credit the people who helped you out.
When you go to collect the short ends, take a big bag and a friend. You don't want to have to turn down any short ends just because you can't carry enough.

## Where do I find lists of hundreds of production companies?
### UK

* http://www.kftv.com/product-4410.html
* http://www.theknowledgeonline.com/
* http://www.4rfv.co.uk/

## How to I test my short ends?

You do a dip test at a developing lab. They will take a few foot from each can and test it. About half your cans will probably fail. Don't chuck this stock away though - it's useful for learning to load a camera.
# Movie Making Manual/Short Films/ShortiCulture

Where: Ginglik, Shephard's Bush
More info: www.ginglik.co.uk

# Reviews

I love this shorts night. The films are always excellent quality and the venue is cosy and welcoming. My only gripe is that it can get VERY crowded - get there early! - Dan AKA Jack 03-02-2005
# MyHDL and the NEXYS 2 Board

This wikibook is about MyHDL and the NEXYS 2 board. MyHDL is a Python system for designing digital logic circuits in the Python language. The NEXYS 2 board, manufactured by Digilent Inc., is a prototyping board for Xilinx FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays). If you have some experience with the Python language and an interest in digital logic design, these two tools make a handy combination.

## Contents

* Basics of Digital Logic
* Combinational circuits
* Sequential circuits
* State machines
* Things we can safely ignore
* Setting up the NEXYS 2 -- this includes setting up the Xilinx tools, and getting a little piece of hand-written Verilog to do something
* MyHDL overview -- include a small MyHDL example that blinks an LED
* MyHDL examples -- include examples of combinatorial logic, sequential logic, and state machines, show how to combine them in one design
Then there should be a series of practical projects, generating video signals, building digital models of Moog-style analog music synthesizers, and a software-defined radio using the AD1 daughterboard, preceded by some sort of downconverter. If the SDR is baseband (AM radio and shortwave) then maybe you don't need a downconverter, But I'm not sure the AD1 is fast enough for shortwave frequencies.
The video generator could be something interesting like a videogame or an animation system.

## Further reading

* Official MyHDL website: http://www.myhdl.org/
* Richard Goering. "Scripting language takes silicon turn". 2006. EE Times.
* Clive Maxfield: a b
* "MyHDL Python programming option for FPGA"
* StackExchange: MyHDL
# MyHDL and the NEXYS 2 Board/Things we can safely ignore

For purposes of this book we'll ignore a few things.
Modern FPGAs are designed to minimize clock skew. In a system with a large number of edge-sensitive flip-flops all watching the same clock, you might imagine that if the clock had to travel some distance, that edge would arrive at different flip-flops at different times. In the worst case, that time difference might mean that a D-input failed to satisfy the setup and hold times relative to the clock edge for one or more flip-flops, and as a result, the circuit's behavior was unpredictable. This is a concern for logic circuits spanning several boards with several chips on each board. But within a single FPGA, clock skew can safely be ignored because FPGA manufacturers are careful to provide clock distribution circuitry that keeps all the edges in close alignment.
Fan-out...
Parasitic effects...
Transmission line effects...
Asynchronous logic...
# MyHDL and the NEXYS 2 Board/Basics of Digital Logic

People love to talk about the fact that computers (and more generally, all logic circuits) deal in ones and zeros. With a few provisos (mostly historical by now), that's true, but it doesn't offer too much insight by itself.
In the 19th century, George Boole became interested in what he called the "universal laws of thought which are the basis of all reasoning". He wanted to create mathematics to explore this idea, and devised what we now call Boolean algebra. As with normal algebra, there are variables that can take different values, but the only values they can take are TRUE and FALSE. If we have two boolean variables X and Y, there are only four possible sets of values for them. You should look at the table below and satisfy yourself that you cannot think of any other set of values for X and Y besides those listed.
| X | Y |
| FALSE | FALSE |
| FALSE | TRUE |
| TRUE | FALSE |
| TRUE | TRUE |
Boolean algebra defines a number of simple operations on these variables. Let's begin by looking at some simple ones, AND, OR, and NOT.
| X | Y | X and Y | X or Y | not X | not Y |
| FALSE | FALSE | FALSE | FALSE | TRUE | TRUE |
| FALSE | TRUE | FALSE | TRUE | TRUE | FALSE |
| TRUE | FALSE | FALSE | TRUE | FALSE | TRUE |
| TRUE | TRUE | TRUE | TRUE | FALSE | FALSE |
If this table makes sense to you, you are well on your way to a complete understanding of digital logic. There are a few more basic things to know.
* There are other operations, but they are all simple combinations of AND, OR, and NOT. An interesting exercise is to find a "minimal" set of logic operations that can universally define any others. One small set of operations contains only one operator, NAND, which works like this: NAND(X,Y) = NOT(AND(X,Y)). You can define all logic operations in terms of NAND.
* If we assign a voltage for TRUE and another voltage for FALSE, we can build electronic circuits that perform these simple logic operations. These circuits are called "logic gates" or simply "gates".
* If gates are arranged in a larger circuit with all the signals going from left to right (what a mathematician would call an acyclic directed graph), then the circuit as a whole has no memory of the past, and its outputs are purely a function of its inputs in the moment. The computer science equivalent is a purely functional language.
* If we build a larger circuit with cycles, we can store boolean values in circuits called flip flops, and they will persist over time.
# MyHDL and the NEXYS 2 Board/Combinational circuits

Establish basic parameters: a combinatorial logic circuit is a circuit built from logic gates where signals move exclusively from left to right so there are no cycles. The consequence of this is that no history is stored anywhere in the circuit; every signal is some function of the inputs along the left edge.
DeMorgan's theorem. Sum of products, product of sums, Karnaugh maps. Gray code.
Talk about examples of combinatorial circuits, including half-adders and full-adders, multiplexers, demultiplexers, ROM lookup tables, etc.
Show how a diode matrix can implement either a bunch of AND gates or a bunch of OR gates. Two diode matrices can be used to build a programmable logic array. Programmable ROMs were essentially big diode arrays where you could blow a fuse in the second matrix to take out a diode.
# MyHDL and the NEXYS 2 Board/Sequential circuits

Talk about flip flops, starting with S-R flops, then a transparent latch made of two S-R flops, then a D-flop made of two transparent latches. Maybe talk about JK-flops.
History: JK-flops made sense when gates were expensive. Gates have become so economical that D-flops make more sense today because they make it easy to build synchronous logic.
Talk about synchronous logic and state machines.
# Music reading fundamentals

Points to cover
Stave Treble Clef Notes: noteheads + stem, lines + spaces Bars and barlines
# MySQL

MySQL is a free, widely used SQL engine. It can be used as a fast database as well as a rock-solid DBMS using a modular engine architecture.
The purpose of this wikibook is to provide a practical knowledge on using the database from two points of view:
* application developer: learn about SQL basics, phpMyAdmin, query optimization
* system administrator: learn about installation, security, maintenance, failover, high availability
Best of all, this book is freely available for everybody to use and share, under the GNU Free Documentation License and the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

## Contents

* Introduction
* MySQL Practical Guide
* Databases manipulation
* Language
** Browsing the databases
** Specifying table names
** Definitions
** User Variables
** Alias
** Data Types
** Table manipulation
** Data manipulation
** Queries
** Using/Dealing with NULL
** Operators
** Import / export
** Functions
** Stored Programs
** Spatial databases
** Exercises
* Pivot table or a crosstab report
* Table types
** MyISAM and InnoDB
** Merge Table
** MEMORY / HEAP
** BDB
** BLACKHOLE
* Comparison
** With other databases
** With SQL92
** Writing portable, non-MySQL-specific code
* Administration
* Replication
* Optimization
* Maintenance and evolution
* APIs

### Appendices

* Debugging
* CheatSheet
* Contributors

## Resources
### Related wikibooks

* Structured Query Language: about general SQL programming, with lots of exercises.
* Converting MySQL to PostgreSQL: highlights the differences between the two database servers

### Freely-licensed documentation and samples

The following source is released under the GFDL and hence a good candidate for inclusion in the wikibook, as well as joint writing efforts:
* "MySQL vs MongoDB". (CC-BY-SA 3.0)

### Non-freely-licensed reference documentation

* MySQL has a great used commented documentation on their website - and it's completely free.

### External links

* http://www.sqlstyle.guide/
* Official audio book
* MySQL copyrighted tutorial on webdevelopersnotes.com
# Java Programming/Networking

* Navigate Advanced topic: ( v • d • e )
* Networking
* Database programming
* Regular Expressions
* Libraries, extensions and frameworks
* 3D programming
* Java Native Interface
* Invoking C
* Byte Code
Prior to modern networking solutions there existed workstations that were connected to a massive Mainframe computer that was solely responsible for memory management, processes and almost everything. The workstations would just render the information sent in from the Mainframe console.
But in the mid 90's, with the prices of Unix servers dropping, the trend was moving away from Mainframe computing toward Client-Server computing. This would enable rich Clients to be developed on workstations while they would communicate with a centralized server, serving computers connected to it, to either communicate with other workstations also connected to it or it would request for database access or business logic stored on the server itself. The workstations were called Clients.
This form of computing gave rise to the notion of the Front-end and Back-end programming. In it's hey-day, Java came up with different ways of making networking between computers possible. In this chapter, we would be looking at some of these ways. Listed below are two of the frameworks that Java uses to enable network programming. We would be exploring both of these in this chapter.
| Client-Server programming Networking basics Creating a simple server Listening for clients Creating a client to interact with the server Sending information over a network Building complex carriage routines | Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Basics of Remote Method Invocation Of stubs and proxies |
# Java Programming/Networking/Basics

Networking is the act of connecting two or more computers together so that they can communicate. Each computer has an address, known as an IP Address which they use to find the other computers on the network. Each computer also has a set of ports where each message is placed. Think of it as a post office. The post office is the computer. Each piece of mail, or packet in the computing world, is sorted out into a PO box, which would be analogous to a port. Imagine if there was only one box. Everyone would have a tough time getting to their mail! In this way, the data keeps from getting lost or overwritten by other data.
Unlike a post office, each port on a computer is used for different things. Port 80, for example, is the port for web browsing, and port 25 is the port for SMTP e-mail.
In the grand scheme of things, though, direct computer-to-computer conversing almost never happens. Most of the conversing is between a server and a client.
A server is just like a matre'd at a fancy restaurant. The client asks for a file that the server has, and the server brings it to the client.
In this chapter we are going to make both- both a server for files and a client for files.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Deathly Hallows/Connections
## World War 2

In the article on Lord Voldemort, it is mentioned that Tom Riddle had been growing up at about the same time as the Nazi party in Germany had been gaining power, and beginning to espouse their ideas of racial purity. While it is pointed out there that Riddle, who we believe to have been a teenager during the hostilities, was far too young to take part in it, and that he would have refused to work alongside Muggles in any event, we also know that there may be a real-world connection.
We know from Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone that "the evil wizard Grindelwald" had fallen to Albus Dumbledore in 1945, and in an interview the author has said that this was related to the end of World War 2. Grindelwald's stated plan was to put Wizardkind at its "rightful" place, in charge, ruling the Muggles "for their own good". Dumbledore, in the letter that we have seen of his from that time, did emphasize that it was to be for the Muggles' own good. From what little we hear of Grindelwald's actions, we have to assume that the good of the Muggles was rather less on his mind than it was on Dumbledore's. What exactly the relationship was between Grindelwald's attempt to take power on the Wizarding side, and Hitler attempting to take power on the Muggle side, is of necessity uncertain. Detail on the events of Voldemort's rise to power do seem to be surprisingly close to the rise of the National Socialist party in Germany; the author has mentioned this similarity as well, though she notes that she was rather taken by surprise by this.
Mention is made of Nurmengard, the prison built by Grindelwald to house his enemies. Apparently, Grindelwald is the only prisoner therein when Voldemort queries him about the whereabouts of the Elder Wand. Parallels with Spandau Prison and the extended captivity of Rudolf Hess are inescapable, though as Hess died in 1987, and evidence within the story puts Grindelwald's death in 1997, there is no chance that Hess and Grindelwald are the same person.
It is likely that Riddle would have been watching Grindelwald's European war with interest, though it seems that he, with his hatred of Muggles, had seized upon the idea of Racial Purity as espoused by the National Socialist party, rather than Grindelwald's "greater good" policy. While Grindelwald's solution to the Muggle "problem" was to make them subjects, Riddle's was to wipe them out.
It is interesting to note a second connection, as well: the actions of the Ministry during Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix were, according to the author, quite consciously modeled on the government of the United Kingdom under Neville Chamberlain during 1938 and 1939.