OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Data Mining Algorithms In R/Packages/RWeka/WPM
## Description

Manage Weka packages.

## Usage

WPM(cmd, ...)

## Arguments

cmd, a character string specifying the action to be performed. Must be one of "refreshcache", "list-packages", "install-package", "remove-package", or "load-package" (or a unique abbreviation thereof).
Further arguments required for the action to be performed.

## Details

Available actions and respective additional arguments are as follows:
"refresh-cache" Refresh the cached copy of the package meta data from the central package repository.
"list-packages" print information (version numbers and short descriptions) about packages as specified by an additional keyword which must be one of "all" (all packages the system knows about), "installed" (all packages installed locally), or ("available" (all known packages not installed locally), or a unique abbreviation thereof.
"package-info" print information (metadata) about a package. Requires two additional character string arguments: a keyword and the package name. The keyword must be one of "repository" (print info from the repository) or "installed" (print info on the installed version), or a unique abbreviation thereof.
"install-package" install a package as specified by an additional character string giving its name. (In principle, one could also provide a file path or URL to a zip file.)
"remove-package" remove a given (installed) package.
"load-package" load a given package by adding its jars to the Java classpath.
# Data Mining Algorithms In R/Packages/RWeka
## Description

An R interface to Weka (Version 3.7.2). Weka is a collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks written in Java, containing tools for data pre-processing, classification, regression, clustering, association rules, and visualization. Package RWeka contains the interface code, the Weka jar is in a separate package RWekajars.

## Requirements

R (>= 2.6.0)
RWekajars (>= 3.7.2)
rJava (>= 0.6-3)
Java (>= 5.0)

## General API

* Evaluate Weka Classifier
* Predict Weka Classifier
* Predict Weka Clusterer
* Weka associators
* Weka classifiers
* Weka classifiers functions
* Weka classifier lazy
* Weka classifier meta
* Weka classifier rules
* Weka classifier trees
* Weka clusterers
* Weka control
* Weka converters
* Weka filters
* Weka interfaces
* Weka stemmers
* Weka tokenizers

## IO API

* Dot
* Read.arff
* Write.arff

## Package API

* WOW
* WPM
# Data Mining Algorithms In R/Packages/RWeka/Weka associators
## Description

R interfaces to Weka association rule learning algorithms.

## Usage

Apriori(x, control = NULL)
Tertius(x, control = NULL)

## Arguments

x, an R object with the data to be associated.
control, an object of class Weka_control, or a character vector of control options, or NULL (default).

## Details

Apriori implements an Apriori-type algorithm, which iteratively reduces the minimum support until it finds the required number of rules with the given minimum confidence.
Tertius implements a Tertius-type algorithm, requires Weka package tertius.

## Value

A list inheriting from class Weka_associators with components including:
associator, a reference (of class jobjRef) to a Java object obtained by applying the Weka build Associations method to the training instances using the given control options.
# Data Mining Algorithms In R/Packages/RWeka/Dot
## Description

Write a DOT language representation of an object for processing via Graphviz.

## Usage

write_to_dot(x, con = stdout, ...)

## Arguments

x, an R object.
con, a connection for writing the representation to.
Additional arguments to be passed from or to methods.

## Details

Graphviz (http://www.graphviz.org) is open source graph visualization software providing several main graph layout programs, of which dot makes “hierarchical” or layered drawings of directed graphs, and hence is typically most suitable for visualizing classification trees.
# Data Mining Algorithms In R/Packages/RWeka/Evaluate Weka Classifier
## Description

Compute model performance statistics for a fitted Weka classifier.

## Usage

evaluate_Weka_classifier(object, newdata = NULL, cost = NULL, numFolds = 0, complexity = FALSE, class = FALSE, seed = NULL, ...)

## Arguments

object, a Weka_classifier object.
newdata, an optional data frame in which to look for variables with which to evaluate. If omitted or NULL, the training instances are used.
cost, a square matrix of (mis)classification costs.
numFolds, the number of folds to use in cross-validation.
complexity, option to include entropy-based statistics.
class, option to include class statistics.
seed, optional seed for cross-validation.
Further arguments passed to other methods.

## Details

The function computes and extracts a non-redundant set of performance statistics that is suitable for model interpretation. By default the statistics are computed on the training data.
Other arguments only supports the logical variable normalize which tells Weka to normalize the cost matrix so that the cost of a correct classification is zero.

## Value

An object of class Weka_classifier_evaluation, a list of the following components:
string character, concatenation of the string representations of the performance statistics.
details vector, base statistics, e.g., the percentage of instances correctly classified, etc.
detailsComplexity vector, entropy-based statistics.
detailsClass matrix, class statistics, e.g., the true positive rate, etc., for each level of the response variable.
confusionMatrix table, cross-classification of true and predicted classes.
# Data Mining Algorithms In R/Packages/RWeka/Predict Weka Classifier
## Description

Predicted values based on fitted Weka classifier models.

## Usage

predict(object, newdata = NULL, type = c("class", "probability"), ...)

## Arguments

object, an object of class inheriting from Weka_classifier. newdata, an optional data frame in which to look for variables with which to predict. If omitted or NULL, the training instances are used. type, character string determining whether classes should be predicted (numeric for regression, factor for classification) or class probabilities (only available for classification). Further arguments passed to or from other methods.

## Value

Either a vector with classes or a matrix with the posterior class probabilities, with rows corresponding to instances and columns to classes.
# Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of Matthew/Chapter 3
## Matthew Chapter 3

This passage begins with a description of the work John the Baptist was doing in the dessert of Judea. First it describes his message as one of repentance. Then Matthew confirms John as the one who was to prepare the way for the messiah by referencing a passage from Isaiah 40. It then moves on to describe the way John lived. He wears camel’s hair, eats locusts, and baptizes people from the city who come to him and confess their sins.
The next part seems to be about John’s relation to the religious leaders. He calls them a brood of vipers and criticizes their teachings. He tells them that God can “raise up children of Abraham out of these stones”(NIV). This could be the first indication of Gentiles later acceptance into the church. He even seems to tell the religious leaders that they may be “cut down” and “thrown into the fire.”
The third part of this passage seems to be about the messiah. First, John prophesizes about the man for which he is clearing the way. He describes the difference between what he is doing and what the messiah will do. Finally it describes Jesus’ arrival, confirmation of his identity, and baptism by John. The chapter ends with a voice from the heavens confirming once more of whom Jesus is.
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Trauma/Segond fracture

Avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau immediately distal to the articular surface. Originally described by Dr. Paul Segond in 1879 after a series of cadaveric experiements, the Segond fracture occurs in association with ACL tears (75-100%) and medial meniscal injury (66-75%), as well as injury to the posteriolateral knee structures.
Originally thought to be a result of avulsion of the medial third of the lateral collateral ligament, more recent research suggests that the insertion of the iliotibial tract (ITT) and the anterior oblique band (AOB), a ligamentous attachment of the fibular collateral ligament to the midportion of the lateral tibia, also play an important role.
A rare, mirror image of the Segond fracture has also been described. The so-called "reverse Segond" fracture is comprised of avulsion fracture of the tibial component of the medial collateral ligament in association with posterior cruciate ligamentous injury and medial meniscal tears.

## Mechanism

Segond fracture is typically the result of abnormal varus stress and internal rotation. Reverse Segond fracture, as its name suggests, is caused by abnormal valgus stress and external rotation.

## Clinical Significance

Because of the high rate of associated ligamentous and meniscal injury, the presence of a Segond or reverse Segond fracture requires these other pathologies must be specifically ruled out.

## Radiologic Findings

Segond and reverse Segond fractures are characterized by a small avulsion fragment of characteristic size that is best seen on plain radiography in the AP plane. Nonetheless, the avulsion fragment may be very difficult to see, and the only direct imaging evidence of this pathology may be by MRI. MRI findings include improved visualization of the fracture fragment on T1W images and marrow edema of the underlying tibial plateau on fat saturated T2W and STIR images, as well as the associated findings of meniscoligamentous injury.

## References

* Segond Fracture by Brandt Mohr, M.D., University of Washington Department of Radiology.
* Segond P. Recherches cliniques et expérimentales sur les épanchements sanguins du genou par entorse. Progres Med 1879; 7:297-299, 319–321, 340–341.
* Escobedo EM, Mills WJ, Hunter JC. Reverse Segond Fracture. AJR 2002; 178:979-983.
* Campos JC, Chung CB, Letrakul N, Pedowitz R, Trudell D, Yu J, Resnick D. Pathogenesis of the Segond fracture: anatomic and MR imaging evidence of the an iliotibial tract or anterior oblique band avulsion. Radiology 2001; 219:318-386.
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Tumors Basic

A. Natural history
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Tumors Basic/Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

An aneurysmal bone cyst is an expansile osteolytic bony lesion composed of blood-filled spaces separated by connective tissue septa of bony trabeculae or osteoid tissue and osteoclast giant cells

## Epidemiology/Prevalence

* Almost always present in patients < 30 years old. 80% in 5-20 year olds.
* Very slight male to female predominance before 14 year old; after, slight female to male predominance (i.e. 1.16:1.00).
* ~1% of all bone tumors.
* 1.4 cases per 100,000 worldwide.

## Types

* Primary (~70%) - no known cause or association with other bony lesion.
* Secondary (~30%) - occurs in conjunction with another lesion or trauma. Some suggest using ‘principal lesion concomitant with hemorrhagic or cystic changes’ instead. Typical primary lesions include eosinophilic granuloma, simple bone cyst, chondroblastoma, giant cell tumor, or osteosarcoma.

## Clinical Presentation

Pain

## Radiologic Findings

* expansile
* lucent lesion in the proximal tibial metaphysis and epiphysis
* abutting the joint space
* no periosteal reaction
* no matrix evident
* patient is skeletally immature (physeal plates not completely fused)

### Location

* ~60% in long bones (mostly metaphyseal and eccentric)
* tibia, femur, and spine (posterior elements) top three locations
* If in flat bones, majority in pelvis.

## Differential Diagnosis

* Osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma (especially when location is posterior spinal elements)
* Lytic metastasis (should have more aggressive features)
* Unicameral bone cyst (usually central)
* Giant cell tumor (skeletally mature, epiphyseal and abut articular surface when in non-flat bones)
* Osteosarcoma (but typically has osteoid matrix, aggressive features)

## Treatment

Biopsy is recommended to differentiate from more aggressive lesions. When primary, wide resection is recommended. If curettage alone is used, 25% recur. So when location makes wide resection unfeasible, aggressive curettage (i.e. liquid nitrogen, embolization, etc.) is needed. When secondary, treat the primary lesion.

## References

* Aneurysmal Bone Cyst by Marla Sammer, M.D., University of Washington Department of Radiology
* Brant WE, Helms CA. Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology, Lippincott, 1999, 2nd ed. pp 973–974.
* Cottalorda J, Kohler R, Sales de Gauzy J, Chotel F, Mazda K, Lefort G, Louahem D, Bourelle S, Dimeglio A. Epidemiology of aneurysmal bone cyst in children: a multicenter study and literature review. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2004 Nov;13(6):389-94.
* Canale ST, Canale ST, Campbell WC. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, Mosby, 10th ed., Copyright 2003, pp 798–799.
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Tumors Advanced

A. Bone lesions
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Cassette Tool

There are two main methods of facilitating a freewheel mechanism in a bike's drivetrain. Either with a freewheel that threads onto the hub or a cassette that slides on to the freehub body. In the former, the cogs and freewheel mechanism are part of the same object, the freewheel. A cassette tool (also called a freewheel remover) is used to spin the freewheel off the hub. With the cassette system, the cogs are separate from the freewheel which is housed in the freehub body. The cassette tool is used in conjunction with a chain whip to remove the cassette lockring from the freehub body.
* A cassette tool ready either for cassette removal or for cassette installation.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Crank Puller

A crank puller is a tool for removing cranks from the bottom bracket spindle. There are two main types of cranks: square taper and spline drive. Most modern bicycles have moved to spline drive and away from the square taper design. One crank puller will not pull both styles of cranks unless it includes an interchangeable accessory for this purpose.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Crown Race Setting Tool

The crown race setting tool installs the lower race of a headset onto the crown of a fork.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Multi-tool

A multi tool combines several tools into one package.The individual tools may,for example,all fold into the handle. The swiss army knife is an example of a general purpose multi tool. In recent years, a number of manufacturers have produced multi tools specifically intended for bicycle repair. For example:
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Chain Wear Indicator

A chain wear indicator tells you how worn the chain on a bicycle is. As is often believed, chains do not stretch, but rather the rollers become worn. There are various types of chain wear indicators, but they all function by being inserted into the gaps of the chain to determine the amount of chain wear. (If you don't have a chain wear indicator, a ruler can be used.) These devices check to see when 1/16th of an inch of wear has occurred across 12 full links. In general, if the chain is NOT worn out yet, the indicator will not fit in the chain.
After the tires and break pads (which wear out by design), and brake and shifting cables, the part of a bike that needs the most attention is the chain. Because of that and because a chain wear indicator is so easy to use, it should be in the intermediate tool kit, not the advanced tool kit.
If you ride with a stretched chain you will prematurely wear out your chainrings and/or rear cogs (which cost a lot more than a chain). If you let it really go, it can slip. This will of course happen when you are putting a lot of force on the pedals or hitting a bump, and can easily cause a crash.
* This chain is worn out
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Headset Press

Essentially a huge bolt with a nut on each end, the headset press is used to evenly insert the headset cups into the frame.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Headset Wrench

Similar to a cone wrench, a headset wrench is a thinner than usual open ended wrench and is used to adjust the cone or cup and locknut in a threaded headset. Common sizes range from 30mm to 36mm. In general two headset wrenches are used in parallel to tighten the locknut against the cup or cone.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Pedal Wrench

A standard "pedal wrench" is an open-ended wrench designed to be thin enough to fit the narrow wrench flats (gripping surface) typical to pedals. A quality pedal wrench will be long enough (and preferably with angled openings) to provide significant leverage, and durable enough to allow repeated application of such force. Pedal wrench flats are typically 15mm in size. 9/16" (~14.3mm) is somewhat common on older pedals. 17mm and other sizes have been used, but you aren't very likely to encounter them.
(A "cone wrench" is thinner and shorter than a pedal wrench, and unable to provide appropriate durability or leverage for use on pedals. A standard open-end wrench (such as found on one end of a combination wrench) will sometimes fit on the flats, but is unlikely to provide proper leverage, while being likely to spread at the tips, ruining the wrench and possibly the flats.)
Pedal wrenches are also available for pedals with 6mm or 8mm internal hex ("Allen wrench") fittings in the end of the spindle, accessed from the back of the crank arm, through the pedal hole. A significant portion of modern pedals provide only this fitting, with no traditional wrench flats. These pedals wrenches differ from standard "Allen wrenches" primarily in that they provide longer and more comfortable handles, which is important to allow application of needed leverage.
In the U.S., there are two diameters (sizes) of pedal spindle (axle) threads which you are likely to encounter: 1/2" and 9/16". The first is generally used on bikes with a one piece crank, which will normally be an inexpensive or older bike. The second will usually be found on bicycles with two or three piece cranks, which includes many current multi-speed bicycles and higher quality older bikes. There are other pedal thread sizes, such as 14mm (French), but you are quite unlikely to encounter them in the U.S.
WARNING
Left-hand pedals are reverse threaded. (That is, you turn clockwise to loosen, counterclockwise to tighten. The Wright brothers introduced this to prevent pedals from unscrewing on their own.) Make very sure it's not cross-threaded, you are turning the correct direction, using the correct pedal, and use grease! (If any of the threads are stainless steel or titanium, it would likely be better to use an appropriate "anti-seize" compound instead of grease.) Pedals should be properly tight, 26 ft-lbs being a generic (not perfect) torque specification. (Rotational force equivalent to 26 pounds on the end of a foot long lever (the wrench), 52 pounds on a 6" lever, etc.)
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Chain Whip

The chain whip is used in conjunction with a cassette removing tool to remove the lockring of a cassette from the freehub body. It is also used to remove a track cog from a hub.
# Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Tools and Supplies/Puncture Repair Kit

This is usually a self contained package containing the essential items needed to perform a bicycle puncture repair to a bicycle innertube. These item may differ slightly from different brands. the basic items are, a tube of vulcanizing cement, various size rubber patches, a strip of sand paper, a piece of chalk and tyre levers.
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Where do I get DVX Editor?

The DVX Editor is the standard evaluation version of the program, but instead of requesting an evaluation code for 30 days, the user should ask for an "Editor code". These codes are permanent. As for the download please refer to http://www.atril.com.
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Windows have disappeared

Added: Unknown
Version: Unknown
System: Unknown
Description: File Navigator or AutoSearch - Portions windows have disappeared.
Reproduction:
Workaround: Close DVX, download and execute the following file: http://www.atril.com/dvx/MenuLayoutDelete.reg
Status:
Read by Atril.
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/What patches exist for DVX?

Currently known patches for DVX build 284: Engine patches: http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.zip http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.2.zip http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.3.zip http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.4.zip http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.5.zip http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.6.zip http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.7.zip http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/dvxEngine.8.zip
The zip files contain a replacement dvxengine.dll file. Install it by locating the file (usually found in the folder "C:\Program Files\ATRIL\Deja Vu X") and overwriting it with the one in the downloaded zip file. You may want to save a backup copy of the old .dll.
Patches from 3 and upwards reportedly address specific problems and were not meant for public use. There is no official information about what problems they address.
Patch 2 should reportedly solve or alleviate certain assembly problems. It's not perfect, but seems to improve things. If you have empty squares and (blue underlined) multiple choice problems, this patch might help.
Patch 3 appears to resolve at least a TDB assembly problem, like "sin embargo" = "however" being assembled as "without embargo" (sin = without), despite the right term being present in TDB (single-word terms and multiple-word terms).
Patch 4 reportedly solves an AutoSearch/assembly problem with strings containing square brackets, where strings in DB containing square brackets aren't found/used.
Patch 7 reportedly includes the AutoSearch/assembly problem with strings containing square brackets solved in Patch 4, and fixes to problems with RTF/DOC export of highlighted text. Other fixes it includes relate to very specific problems with SGML and RTF.
Patch 8 includes the previous fixes, and has additional fixes for the SGML filter, but may be less well tested than Patch 7.
Template patches: http://www.atril.com/dvx/builds/284/DVXPPoint.zip
(Contains a .ppt file)
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Wordcount

The Word count feature, as well as being able to report how many duplicate sentences have been found, should be able to report a similar breakdown to that offered for "unmarked" sentences: empty, manually translated, exact, fuzzy, etc.
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Words not found

Added: --Loek van Kooten 12:29, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
Version: Example: 7.0.284
System: Example: Windows XP SP2
Description: Phrases do not show up in the Portions Found window if they end with a question mark and are surrounded by double quotes.
Example: "Forgotten your password?"
Reproduction: Can be reproduced.
Workaround: Temporarily insert spaces between the phrase and the quotes, then reselect pair by selecting another pair first. The word will now show up.
Comments from Atril Software:
--Loek van Kooten 09:38, 14 February 2007 (UTC)
Comments from other users:
# CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/assign toolbar buttons to the Filter on Selection feature

Filter on Selection is one of the best features of DVX.
By default, the Filter on Selection feature is only available from the Context menu in the translation grid. One drawback of this feature, that one easily forgets that it is activated, because there is no visual indication on-screen. By customizing the interface and adding the functions to the toolbar, you will always have a visual indication when the FoS feature is activated.
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/dejavu-l/files/Miscellaneous/filter_buttons.zip
When you have activated the Filter on Source/Target button, simply clicking the button again will deactivate it.