OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saylor.org's Ancient Civilizations of the World/Byzantium’s Influence in Eastern Europe
## Legacy

The Byzantine Empire was gone, but its legacy continued. Within the Byzantine commonwealth, in the states that shared Orthodox Christianity and were strongly influenced by the Byzantines, Byzantine culture lived on. Immediately after the fall of Constantinople, Ivan III of Russia declared Moscow to be the Third Rome, inheriting the Byzantine legacy. The Russian monk Philotheus of Pskov famously wrote, “Two Romes have fallen. The third stands. And there will be no fourth.” In addition, the Byzantine Empire kept Greek and Roman culture alive for nearlya thousand years after the fall of the Roman Empire in the west. It preserved this cultural heritage until it was taken up in the West during the Renaissance. The Byzantine Empire also acted as a buffer between Western Europe and the conquering armies of Islam. Thus, in many ways the Byzantine Empire insulated Europe and gave it the time it needed to recover from its chaotic medieval period. The Byzantine Empire has largely been overlooked among historians until recent times, or else considered inferior to its Roman predecessor. The eighteenth-century historian Edward Gibbon saw its history as one long period of decline, and another historian, William Leckey, commented, “The history of the empire is a monotonous story of the intrigues of priests, eunuchs, and women, of poisonings, of conspiracies, of uniform ingratitude.” However, as we have seen, the Byzantine Empire went through various periods of prosperity and decline, rose to great heights and suffered terrible losses, as it was beset from all sides by a vast array of enemies eager to capture its lands. Only recently have Western historians begun to appreciate the important legacy of the Byzantine Empire.
# Saylor.org's Ancient Civilizations of the World/Classical Greece and the Hellenistic World

Classical Greek civilization was one of the most influential civilizations to emerge in the ancient world. The Greeks’ conception of government—particularly democracy—as well as philosophy, art, and military strategy had a profound effect upon both ancient and modern history. This sophisticated society had its roots in the Greek Dark Ages—also known as Archaic Greece—a period that was characterized by the proliferation of tiny political units—known as “city-states” or “poleis”—ruled by kings. The classical period of Greece, however, was dominated by two powerful city-states—Athens and Sparta. In this unit, we will focus on Athens and Sparta—their military conflicts, artistic accomplishments, and cultural achievements—as well as the advent of the Hellenistic Age.
# Rueda de Casino/Centro

Al Centro is one way to start a Rueda dance. Partners dancing in this closed position move to form the circle, with the leaders left hands toward the centre, until the call (dile que no) guapea.
# Rueda de Casino/Dame
### Dame

* Pronunciation: dAH-may
* English: Give me (one)
* Related commands: Tarrito, Cucaracha
Summary: video (Media Noche). Move on to the next follower
Description:
After pushing hands together in the Cuban basic, the leaders turn to their right and reach for the next partner, then on the first beat they start a dile que no, and then continue with Cuban basics (or anything else the caller shouts), maintaining a fluid and captivating dance flow.
# Rueda de Casino/Abanico
### Abanico

* Pronunciation: ahh-bah-nEE-co
* English: Fan
* Related commands: Sombrero
Summary: Sombrero, turn girl, ronde
Description:
Start with Sombrero. Pull girl clockwise using her right shoulder and right hand on 1,2,3 while walking forward. Finish with Ronde going under your right arm on 5,6,7. Switch hands on 7 into Guapea. (no Dile Que No)
# Rueda de Casino/Arriba
### Arriba

* Pronunciation: ah-rrEE-bah (rolled r)
* English: Up
* Related commands: Abajo, Centro, Dame, Tarrito
Summary: Walk forwards
Description:
The leaders walk forwards and the follower walks backwards, in normal salsa timing, keeping within the circle. This is done in the initial position (men facing anti-clockwise).
Arriba can also be used (like abajo can) to affect other moves.
For example, enchufa de arriba means that when you change partners, you move one forwards instead of backwards (more specifically, you move to the follower who is next, anti-clockwise).
Another obvious example is adios de arriba.
# Rueda de Casino/Cubano
### Cubano

* Pronunciation: coo-bAH-noh
* English: Cuban
* Related commands: El Dos, Enchufa
Summary: Leaders move side to side in front of followers
Description:
From Guapea, the follower does an Enchufa, and the leader moves in front of her, facing the centre of the circle, changing hands so that he has her right hand in his right. He then steps back on his left on 1, while she steps back on her right, and they do basic steps, 'bouncing' in opposite directions for a few bars.
The caller will use one of these two calls:
* Dame - on 5, the leaders move towards the follower to the right, and continue doing Cubano with the new follower. This is different to the usual Dame.
* Se Fue - on 1, when the leader is to the right of the follower, he will change hands so that his left holds her right, and give her an Enchufa then Dile Que No.
Typically there will be a couple of Dame calls, then Se Fue.
# Rueda de Casino/Candela
### Candela

* Pronunciation: can-dEL-ah
* English: Flame
* Related commands: Guapea
Summary: 3 sets of claps
Description:
This move is from the Guapea position.
It is normally called with a number from 1 to 3 (Candela con una, Candela con dos, Candela con tres). If the number isn't specified, it's 2.
* The leaders, on 1, turn away, letting go, and clap 1 to 3 times, then turn back and push as in Guapea.
* The leaders, on 1, turn away again and clap 1 to 3 times, higher in the air, then turn back and push as in Guapea.
* The leaders, on 1, turn away again and jump, clapping 1 to 3 times again, then push as in Guapea.
* Return to Guapea.
# Rueda de Casino/Abajo
### Abajo

* Pronunciation: Ah-bAh-ho
* English: Down
* Related commands: Una Abajo, Arriba, Centro, Tarrito
Summary: Walk backwards
Description:
This move is normally from the initial position (when the men are facing anti-clockwise).
Usually, the leader walks backwards, and the follower walks forwards, in normal salsa timing, but keeping within the circle.
It can also be used from the Guapea position to revert to the initial position, and carry on doing Abajo as normal.
* Note that abajo can be added on to a number of other moves to reverse their direction.
# Rueda de Casino/Amarillo
### Amarillo

* Pronunciation: am-ah-rEE-yoh
* English: Yellow
* Related commands: Guapea
Summary: Turn to the right, push her hand, duck under your left, push her hand, back to Guapea
Description:
Keep hold of her right hand with your left, and turn to your right, all the way, on the spot, to face her again. Push her hand as in Guapea, then duck underneath her arm to return to a normal hold, then back to Guapea.
This is a standard move, but the name is not standard. We made it up because we didn't know the name.
# Russian/Lesson 3/This these and those quiz

back Russian Lesson 3
# Russian/Introduction

Russian language · Русский язык :
| Lessons | Introduction · Alphabet · Lesson 1 · Lesson 2 · Lesson 3 · Lesson 4 · Lesson 5 | (view) |
| Reference | Numbers · Cases (Nom. · Gen. · Dat. · Acc. · Inst. · Prep.) · Adjectives · Prepositions · Verbs (Aspect · Past · Future) · Pronouns (Personal · Possessive · Interrogative) · Cursive | |
| Appendices | Appendix · Alphabet · Internet · Cheat Sheet | |
The Russian Wikibook is designed to present lesson material through intellectually conducive methods. The lessons are designed to give maximum immersion, and will only provide Cyrillic text. It might be frustrating initially, but learning the alphabet quickly is the first step to facilitating quicker progress.
The lessons aim to provide the student with a good knowledge of reading and writing. As with any language, to learn Russian it is best to find a language partner: a native speaker who is patient and willing to help correct your mistakes. A book can only take even the most self-motivated student so far. This book is highly integrated with Wiktionary and Wikipedia, giving a stronger foundation in vocabulary and culture. It is highly suggested to read the Wikipedia articles about Russia, Russian language, and Cyrillic alphabet.
Alphabet >>
# PyGame Guide
## Table of contents
### Introduction

* Introduction
* Contact
* License
* About the author

### Chapter 1: Getting Ready

* About this guide
* Prerequisites
* What is Python and PyGame?
* Setting up Python and PyGame
* Testing it out

### Chapter 2: Python Crash Course

* A basic program
* Variables
* Input and output
* If statements
* While loops
* For loops
* Functions
* Classes
* Inheritance

### Chapter 3: 2D Game Development Concepts

* Birds-eye-view: How game programs work
* The coordinate plane
* Variables
* Functions
* Classes

### Chapter 4: PyGame Crash Course

* The bare-minimum PyGame program
* Images
* Audio
* Fonts and text
* Keyboard and mouse input

### Chapter 5: The PyGame Cook Book

* Project 1: Mole Whackin'
* Project 2: Pickin' Sticks
* Project 3: Fightin' Invaders from Space

### Appendix A: Python Quick Reference

* Python Quick Reference

### Appendix B: PyGame Quick Reference

* PyGame Quick Reference

### Glossary

* Glossary
# PyGame Guide/Introduction

Hey there!
Hi! My name is Rachel. I'm a game developer and a teacher, and I'm here to teach you a bit about making 2D video games with Python and PyGame!
What is Python and PyGame?
Well, Python is a programming language and PyGame is a game development library.
Wait... what's a library??
Woah, one step at a time! We will go over game development terminology as well as basic concepts that you'll need to know for how a 2D game works -- How you place an image at a particular spot on the screen, how to know when two objects are touching, how to tell when a button is clicked, etc.
But, for now, let's just start off with introductions! This is only the first page of the tutorial and I've gotta get a few things out of the way!
OK, what's up?
Well, I should probably tell you who I am, how to contact me if you find an error in this document, the document's license, and... you konw, maybe my website in case you want to check out some games I've made.

## Contact

IF you have questions, comments, or fixes for this document, please feel free to email me at Rachel@Moosader.com !

## License

This book is licensed under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License license
This means that you can share the book with anyone, for any reason. Just make sure my name (and any other future contributors) show up in the text (that is, that we are attributed!)

## About the author

Rachel Wil Sha Singh is a programmer/teacher/game developer from the Kansas City area. Rachel grew up in the Raytown, MO area and spent their tween and teen years learning to make video games - first with Visual Basic 5, then with C++, and learning lots of other things from there! Rachel's most popular tutorial is the YouTube-based series, "Beginner's Guide to Game Programming", made in 2008.
Rachel has worked as a web- and software-developer since 2010 after receiving their B.S. in Computer Science from UMKC. Rachel also runs a small startup called Moosader LLC.
# PyGame Guide/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/PyGame_Guide

# Introduction

Hey there!
Hi! My name is Rachel. I'm a game developer and a teacher, and I'm here to teach you a bit about making 2D video games with Python and PyGame!
What is Python and PyGame?
Well, Python is a programming language and PyGame is a game development library.
Wait... what's a library??
Woah, one step at a time! We will go over game development terminology as well as basic concepts that you'll need to know for how a 2D game works -- How you place an image at a particular spot on the screen, how to know when two objects are touching, how to tell when a button is clicked, etc.
But, for now, let's just start off with introductions! This is only the first page of the tutorial and I've gotta get a few things out of the way!
OK, what's up?
Well, I should probably tell you who I am, how to contact me if you find an error in this document, the document's license, and... you konw, maybe my website in case you want to check out some games I've made.

## Contact

IF you have questions, comments, or fixes for this document, please feel free to email me at Rachel@Moosader.com !

## License

This book is licensed under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License license
This means that you can share the book with anyone, for any reason. Just make sure my name (and any other future contributors) show up in the text (that is, that we are attributed!)

## About the author

Rachel Wil Sha Singh is a programmer/teacher/game developer from the Kansas City area. Rachel grew up in the Raytown, MO area and spent their tween and teen years learning to make video games - first with Visual Basic 5, then with C++, and learning lots of other things from there! Rachel's most popular tutorial is the YouTube-based series, "Beginner's Guide to Game Programming", made in 2008.
Rachel has worked as a web- and software-developer since 2010 after receiving their B.S. in Computer Science from UMKC. Rachel also runs a small startup called Moosader LLC.
# PyGame Guide/Python Crash Course
## A basic program

A simple Hello World program:
print("Hello World")

## Variables

Variables in Python are dynamically typed. This means that a variable may hold either a number, string, or any object.
# PyGTK For GUI Programming/Packing

Packing is used to place the widgets in the application.
There are three types of packing.
* Horizontal Box (HBox) - Horizontal row structure
* Vertical Box (VBox) - Vertical row structure
* Table/Grid (Table) - Table like structure
The format of the packing widgets is :
homogeneous (default=False) argument decides if the objects should all be the same size. HBox same width / VBox same height. spacing (default=0) argument is the spacing between the different objects.
To place the widget inside the packing :
1. Create the packing object
2. Add the widget to the box call the pack_start or pack_end method of the packing object
pack_start will start placing the widget from the start (left to right, top to bottom) pack_end will start placing the widget from the end (right to left, bottom to top)
3. Show the box and widget
# Samoan/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Samoan

# Alphabet
### Vowels

Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu

#### Vowels with a Macron

Āā Ēē Īī Ōō Ūū

### Consonants

Ff
Gg
Ll
Mm
Nn
Pp
Ss
Tt
Vv

#### Borrowed Letters

Hh
Kk
Rr

#### Glottal Stop
# Greeting

Talofa/ (lava) - Greetings
Malo/ (lava) - Greetings
Malo le soifua - Good health to you
Oa mai oe? - How are you?
Manuia, faafetai - Good, thanks.
Ae a oe? - What about you?
Manuia foi faafetai - Good also, thank you.
Fa - Bye
Manuia le aso - Have a good day

# Phrases
## It's a nice day

    manaia le aso

## I'm hungry

    ua oa fía 'ai

## Have a good day

    manuia le aso

## Have a good evening

    manuia le afiafi

## Have a good morning

    manuia le taeao

## Have a good night

    manuia le poo

## Don't be angry

    aua e ke ika

## Go Sleep!

    alu e moe!

# Sentences
## Your dress is really pretty

    Ese le aulelei a lou ofu

## Let's go to the shop

    ta o i le fale'oloa

## Where are you going?

    o fea e te alu i ai?

## Where are your kids?

    o fea lau fanau?

## Where are you from ?

    o fea e te sau mai ai?

### Present
#### Indefinite

* Alu goes - e alu tua

### Future
# Vocabulary

* House - fale
* City - a'ai
* Star - fetu
* Moon - maasina
* Bread - falaoa
* Bathroom - faletaele
* Apple - Apu
* Fish - i'a
* Rabbit - rapiti

# Adjectives

* Happy - manuia, fiafia
* Angry - ika
* Worried - popole
* Hard - faigata
* Easy - faigofie
* Open - mataka
* Closed - taapuni

# Verbs

* Sleep - Moe
* Eat - 'ai
# Samoan/Alphabet
### Vowels

Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu

#### Vowels with a Macron

Āā Ēē Īī Ōō Ūū

### Consonants

Ff
Gg
Ll
Mm
Nn
Pp
Ss
Tt
Vv

#### Borrowed Letters

Hh
Kk
Rr
# SanDisk Sansa MP3 Players
## Table of Contents

* m200 series
* e200 series
* e200r series
* c100 series
* e100 series
* Connect
* Express series
* View series
* Clip series
* Shaker series

## About

Currently, the m200 series has a pretty good manual on here. If you've got a player from one of the other series, check the m200 series for tips that might work for your player as well. Then come back and write a version of that trick customized for your player!
The SanDisk Sansa m200 series is a series of flash based MP3 players, including one with 4GB capacity. It's currently the only MP3 player besides the IPod nano to have 4GB flash capacity. The Sansa e200 series is the first MP3 player line to have a model with 8GB flash drive, and is a real iPod killer (video capacity, nice design).
For more info about the SanDisk Sansa series, refer to the SanDisk Sansa page.

## External links

* SanDisk audio players Yahoo Group
* Anythingbutipod Forum

## Alternatives to the Sansa players

Flash based players with 2 gigabytes or more:
* Iriver Clix
* Samsung YEPP YP-D1
* Samsung YP-Z5A
* Samsung F2
* Samsung U2
* Apple Ipod Nano
* iAUDIO i5
* Jens of Sweden MP-500

## Other sort of relevant Wikibooks

* Linux Guide/Audacity to MP3
* ITunes
# Samoan/Greeting

Talofa/ (lava) - Greetings
Malo/ (lava) - Greetings
Malo le soifua - Good health to you
Oa mai oe? - How are you?
Manuia, faafetai - Good, thanks.
Ae a oe? - What about you?
Manuia foi faafetai - Good also, thank you.
Fa - Bye
Manuia le aso - Have a good day
# Samoan/Phrases
## It's a nice day

    manaia le aso

## I'm hungry

    ua oa fía 'ai

## Have a good day

    manuia le aso

## Have a good evening

    manuia le afiafi

## Have a good morning

    manuia le taeao

## Have a good night

    manuia le poo

## Don't be angry

    aua e ke ika

## Go Sleep!

    alu e moe!
# Samoan/Sentences
## Your dress is really pretty

    Ese le aulelei a lou ofu

## Let's go to the shop

    ta o i le fale'oloa

## Where are you going?

    o fea e te alu i ai?

## Where are your kids?

    o fea lau fanau?

## Where are you from ?

    o fea e te sau mai ai?

### Present
#### Indefinite

* Alu goes - e alu tua
# Samoan/Verbs

* Sleep - Moe
* Eat - 'ai
# Samoan/Vocabulary

* House - fale
* City - a'ai
* Star - fetu
* Moon - maasina
* Bread - falaoa
* Bathroom - faletaele
* Apple - Apu
* Fish - i'a
* Rabbit - rapiti
# Samoan/Adjectives

* Happy - manuia, fiafia
* Angry - ika
* Worried - popole
* Hard - faigata
* Easy - faigofie
* Open - mataka
* Closed - taapuni
# Splinter Cell/About
## History of the Wikibook on Splinter Cell

Initial development of this Wikibook began on 29 January 2006 and lasted until April 11th, 2006.
This Wikibook was restored on July 11th, 2021.
# Splinter Cell/Games

There are currently a number of Splinter Cell games.
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Essentials
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction
* Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist
The second and third games have multiplayer modes, where 'Mercenaries', armed with machine gun and grenade launchers, are supposed to defend certain objects from 'Spies' (much like Splinter Cells). Co-operative modes were also established in the third game.
# Sport Innovation/2011 Women In Super Mother's Day Classic

2011 WOMEN IN SUPER MOTHER'S DAY CLASSIC
This project will discuss the 2011 Women in Super Mother's Day Classic event in the following areas:
* Background
* Goals
* Scope
* Project Life Cycle, Phases and Tasks
* Evaluation of Project Outcomes
This topic was chosen as we planned to do a similar charity run event for our project. By discussing this event, we hope to gain insights into organizing our own event.
# Sport Innovation/2011 Women In Super Mother's Day Classic/Evaluation of Project Outcomes MDC

EVALUATION OF PROJECT OUTCOMES OF THE MOTHER'S DAY CLASSIC
The evaluation of Project outcome will be categorized under the followings:
< go to previous page
go to next page >
# Splinter Cell/Introduction

In Splinter Cell you play as a character called Sam Fisher. Sam Fisher is an operative for the National Security Agency, (the NSA), which is a real-life organization. One (probably fictional) part of the NSA is the Third Echelon. The Third Echelon is a brand new branch of the agency. It was formed to tackle the increasing uses of electronic intelligence held by hostile entities. When intelligence cannot be obtained by basic recon or remote hacking, the Third Echelon are granted permission to conduct physical operations.
They deploy lone units knows as Splinter Cells. You play as one of these, or more specifically, you play as the BEST Splinter Cell; Sam Fisher. Like a sliver of glass, a Splinter Cell is small, sharp and nearly invisible. They are put into enemy territory to gain intelligence, supported by a remote team with inter-agency consultants and access to CIA satellite photos. The Splinter Cell uses many gadgets and weapons to progress though the levels. You will find yourself rappelling off walls, using sticky cameras, sticky shockers, thermal and night vision, optic cables, lockpicks and many other modern tools. Of course, stealth is important, and sometimes mission critical. Intelligence is the name of the game. You will have to traverse though levels, knocking out/killing people and stealing datasticks they are carrying, hacking computers and even logging on to the CIA mainframe (Did someone say Mission Impossible?). All in all the game involves strategy, patience and planning.