OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# US Internet Law/Fair Use

The Copyright Act sets out four factors for courts to look at (17 U.S.C. § 107):
1. The purpose and character of the use. Transformative uses are favored over mere copying. Non-commercial uses are also more likely fair..
2. The nature of the copyrighted work. Is the original factual in nature or fiction? Published or unpublished? Creative and unpublished works get more protection under copyright, while using factual material is more often fair use.
3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used. Copying nearly all of a work, or copying its "heart" is less likely to be fair.
4. The effect on the market or potential market. This factor is often held to be the most important in the analysis, and it applies even if the original is given away for free. If you use the copied work in a way that substitutes for the original in the market, it's unlikely to be a fair use; uses that serve a different audience or purpose are more likely fair. Linking to the original may also help to diminish the substitution effect. Note that criticism or parody that has the side effect of reducing a market may be fair because of its transformative character. In other words, if your criticism of a product is so powerful that people stop buying the product, that doesn't count as having an "effect on the market for the work" under copyright law.
Works produced by the US government, or any federal government agency or person acting in a government capacity, are in the public domain. So are the texts of legal cases and statutes from state or federal government. Private contractors working for the government, however, can transfer copyrights to the US government.
Internet Law: Table of Contents · Preface · Introduction · Defamation · Defamation - General · Section 230 · Copyright · Copyright - General · Secondary Liability · Fair Use · DMCA · DMCA Safe Harbor · DMCA Anti-Circumvention · Trademark · Domain Names · Content Regulation · Online Anonymity · Communications Decency Act · Online Contracts · The Hold Harmless Clause in User Agreements · Clickwrap Agreements · UCITA · Privacy · ECPA · SCA ·
# US Internet Law/DMCA Anti-Circumvention

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) (17 U.S.C. §§ 117, 512, 1201 et. seq.). Enacted in 1998, and codified as amendments to the Copyright Act, the DMCA addressed a number of computer-related issues:
Implements two 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties: The WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty.
Anti-hacking provisions (17 U.S.C. § 1201, et. seq.): Prohibits circumvention of technological measures that effectively control access to a copyrighted work as well as prohibits the manufacture, production, trafficking in or offering of any technology, product, service or device that is primarily designed or produced for the purpose of circumventing a technological measure that effectively controls access to a copyrighted work.
Maintenance and repair provision (17 U.S.C. § 117): Expands Section 117 of the Copyright Act to authorize an owner of a copy of a computer program to make a copy of the program so long as the copy is made as an essential step in the utilization of the program or for purposes of maintenance or repair.
# posper_location

This table describes a mail-addressable location.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | UUID instead of int |
| version | INT(11) | No | | This is used by hibernate to track table versions |
| visibleId | INT(11) | Yes | Uni | This is the user visible (user-friendly) Id |
| address | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | | This is the mailing address |
| name | VARCHAR(255) | No | | descriptive name |
# posper_productlocation

This associative table describes a product stored at a location.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | UUID instead of int |
| version | INT(11) | No | | This is used by hibernate to track table versions |
| stockMaximum | DOUBLE | Yes | | This is shown on inventory reports to allow the report reader to take action outside of the program (for instance, if current stock level is beyond the maximum maybe it's time to start selling it at a discount or move it to another store) |
| stockSecurity | DOUBLE | Yes | | Also known as "minimum", this is shown on inventory reports to allow the report reader to take action outside of the program (for instance, if stock level is below minimum presumably you want to order more units). |
| product_id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Foreign Key | This links to the product being described |
| location_id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Foreign Key | This links to the location being described |
# posper_resource

This table stores non-image resources used by the application.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| resource_key | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | resource key |
| text | mediumtext | Yes | | The text value of the resource |
| version | INT(11) | No | | This is used by hibernate to track table versions |
# posper_product

This table describes products (items for sale).
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | UUID instead of int |
| version | INT(11) | No | | This is used by hibernate to track table versions |
| reference | VARCHAR(255) | No | Uni | This is the user visible (user-friendly) Id |
| inStock | BIT(1) | No | | whether the product is available |
| com | BIT(1) | No | | If this is true then the product is auxillary, also known as an "add on" or "side". What this means is that you can do things like "salad with add on bacon strips for a bit of extra cost", and if you delete the salad then the strips are removed too because they're part of the salad. However, this field does not prevent you from being able to order the item on its own if you like, it only associates to a "non-side" product if it's directly below it. |
| scale | BIT(1) | No | | This is used for products where the number of "units" is determined by a scale. If this is set true, AND a scale is properly configured, then when this is added to a ticket the weight is read from the scale and used as the number of units, which then determines price. |
| priceBuy | DOUBLE | No | | The cost of this item to the business |
| priceSell | DOUBLE | No | | The price that the business sells this product for |
| stockCost | DOUBLE | Yes | | described in the products editor as "stock cost by year", this is unused by the application other than allowing it to be edited : it would presumably be used just to allow the users to know how much it costs to have a unit of this product sitting in the warehouse for a year. |
| volume | DOUBLE | Yes | | This is unused by the application other than allowing it to be edited : it would presumably be used just to allow the users to know what the product's volume is, without effecting how the application actually operates. |
| displayOrder | INT(11) | Yes | | sets the order of display, eg, if this is set to 4 it will be the fourth product shown in the catalog. |
| description | VARCHAR(255) | No | | Description/name of the product |
| code | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | | the product's barcode |
| tax_id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Foreign Key | The tax associated with this product (create a "zero tax" tax for an untaxed product) |
| image_id | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | Foreign Key | If an image is associated with this product, this points to it (foreign key) |
| category_id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Foreign Key | this points to the category the product is part of. |
# posper_imageresource

This table stores non-image resources used by the application.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| resource_key | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | resource key |
| image_id | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | Foreign Key | Points to the associated image. |
# posper_payment

This table contains payments : either a customer paying a ticket, or money coming out of the till.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | UUID instead of int |
| version | INT(11) | No | | This is used by hibernate to track table versions |
| amount | DOUBLE | No | | how much money |
| method | VARCHAR(255) | No | | The method by which payment was rendered, including "cash", "cheque", "ticket", "free" and "magcard" |
| ticket_id | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | Foreign Key | The ticket that this payment applies to |
# posper_place

This table describes areas on a floor where customers will be located.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | UUID instead of int |
| version | INT(11) | No | | This is used by hibernate to track table versions |
| name | VARCHAR(255) | No | | descriptive name such as "comfy nook" or nondescriptive name like "#1" |
| x | INT(11) | No | | the x location of the place |
| y | INT(11) | No | | The y location of the place |
| floor_id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Foreign Key | Points to the floor this place is associated with |
# posper_property

This table contains common properties used by the application. Host-specific properties are stored outside the database and not in a table.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| property_key | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | key of the property |
| value | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | | Value of the property. |
# posper_reservation

This describes a reservation for a number of customers to eat at a particular time.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| id | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary | UUID instead of int |
| version | INT(11) | No | | This is used by hibernate to track table versions |
| customer | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | | Customer information, most typically just a name like "Dr Farnsworth" but it can be whatever text the user wants. |
| chairs | INT(11) | No | | This is simply annotative information letting the restaurant staff know how many chairs are needed : it doesn't effect actual functionality in software. |
| date | DATETIME | Yes | | The time of the reservation |
| done | BIT(1) | No | | This is set to true when the reservation has been received at a specific table. |
| description | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | | annotative information about the reservation, entered when the reservation is booked. It can be any sort of notes, like "they'd like wine when they arrive" or "need to have a chair ready for a toddler" |
# posper_permission

This table contains permissions available to users.
| Column Name | Data Type | Null Allowed? | Key? | Comments |
| name | VARCHAR(255) | No | Primary Key | This is the permission name |
| parent_name | VARCHAR(255) | Yes | | I'll need to look closer at the code to see how this is used. |
# Spanish/Caber

CABER Caber: To fit
Future Irregular: Cabr + Future ending
(Yo) Cabré: I will fit.
Example: Yo cabré el traje por tu.
I will fit the suit for you.
(Tu) Cabrás: You will fit.
Example: Tu cabrás en el falda si perdes peso.
You will fit in the skirt if you lose weight.
(Él,ella,usted) Cabrá: He will fit.
Example: Paco cabrá en un talla diez zapato.
Paco will fit in a size ten sneaker.
(Nosotros) Cabremos: We will fit.
Example: Nosotros cabremos en el coche si pequeno Ruiz es en el piso.
We will fit in the car if (small) little Ruiz is on the floor.
(Vosotros) Cabréis: You all (Y'all) will fit.
Example: Vosotros cabréis en el autobús
You all will fit in the bus.
(Ellos,ellas,ustedes) Cabrán: They will know.
Example: Ellos cabrán nuestro nessecitas.
"They will fit our needs."
# Spanish/Contents/Questions

Here, you can ask questions to learn more about the Spanish language. Ask questions regarding the Spanish language, not the book. You can also ask questions at the discussion page for every module of the book. Answers may not be given to you very quickly, so please be patient. Spanish speakers can help by answering the questions here. Please sign your questions and answers with "" (four tildes). Use this page to help you learn the Spanish language!
# Spanish/Answers/¿Qué te gusta hacer?
## Dialogue

    Raúl: Hi Sophie! ¿Do you like sports?
    Sofía: Good day. I love playing football. And yourself?
    Raúl: Not much. However, I go swimming all the time.
    Sofía: Ah, I can't swim. Do you play chess?
    Raúl: Yes, I love it; it's a fun game.
    Sofía: Yes, bye Raúl
    Raúl: See you tomorrow!

## Sports and Activities

* c
* h
* f
* i
* a
* e
* d
* b
* j
* g

## Stem-changing verbs

* Vuelvo
* Vuelves
* Vuelve
* Volvemos
* Volvéis
* Vuelven
* Practico natación
* Juego al rugby.
* Podemos cantar en España.
* Jugáis al fútbol.
* ¿Por qué juegas al críquet?

## Compound sentences

** My birthday's on the 11th of January, so I'm 48 years old.
** I'm 89 and he's 89 too.
** He plays rugby and tennis.
** We don't go swimming.
** We live in the city because the countryside is boring.
** I don't go swimming because I can't swim.
** When do you all play cricket?
** Juego al tenis pero no puedo nadar.
** Viven en Italia porque no les gustan los deportes.
** ¿No puedes nadar?
** Se llama Georgina también.
** Así, ¿cómo te llamas?
** No pueden jugar al ajedrez.
** ¿Cuándo duermes?

## ¿Que opinas sobre los deportes?

* ¿Que opinas sobre el rugby?
* I love chess
* No me gusta nada cantar.
* I like sports a lot because they're lively.
* ¿Te gusta nadar?
* I don't like living in Boston; there's nothing to do.
* Los niños son bonitos cuando cantan.
* So, why can't you sing?
* Le gusta el campo porque es bonito.
* I don't like crying.
# Spanish/Conditional

Verbs | Verb Tenses | Verbs List

## El modo potencial

These two verb tenses communicate what would happen or would have happened.
* potencial simple estudiaría
* potencial compuesto habría estudiado
# Spanish/Contents/Requests

You request for improovements to be made to this Spanish wikibook here. Your requests will not be looked upon so quickly, and it also requires time to build up on other modules. It is important to be patient. Write your request and state also your reason. By requesting, other users can work on new lesson and materials to help you learn Spanish better.
I'm portuguese and I know to speak spanish, plus I'm still learning but I have downloaded and read this pdf guide and it has some things incorrect.
From the page 5 to 7, one can see the spanish alphabet.
The spanish alphabet has 27 letters (the 26 from english alphabet plus the letter "ñ" after the "n").
The mistakes there are these ones:
-"ch" -"ll" -"rr"
All these 3 are diphthongs and are not considered to be an individual alphabet letter.
Plus, on the page 12, about the "notes on ñ and RR", it's said that n and ñ are alphabetized as separate letters as "r" and "rr" and in the example is given that, on a dictionary, "muñeca" comes after "municipal".
This is correct since "ñ" is considered as a letter.
But in the other example, looking on a dictionary, "carro" never comes after "carta". "carro" comes first, those 2 words are the same as my native language, portuguese, but i have also checked in a spanish dictionary and "carro" comes first of "carta".
# Spanish/Answers/¿Qué hora es?
## Dialogue

    Raúl: Hi Sofía! What time is it?
    Sofía: It's 8:50.
    Raúl: Thanks. What do you normally do in the morning?
    Sofía: I get up at 7:00. Then, I have a shower and eat breakfast. Usually, I leave at 8:00.
    Raúl: Ah, ok. So, when do you have lunch?
    Sofía: I normally have lunch at 1:00.
    Raúl: Ok. Goodbye!
    Sofía: See you!

## Telling the time

* Son las tres.
* Son las cuatro.
* Son las dos y veinticinco.
* Son las nueve y diez.
* Son las diez y media.
* Son las seis y cuarto.
* Son las tres menos veinticinco.
* Son las ocho menos cuarto.
* Es la una y cuarto de la mañana.
* Son las nueve menos cinco de la noche.

## Time-related adverbs

* Usually, we have dinner at 7:00.
* De vez en cuando, juego al futból, pero me gusta mucho el rugby.
* Do you often play chess?
* A veces, como lechuga, pero nunca como tomates.
* At night, I really like eating rice.
* Almuerzo raramente a la una.
* Usually, he has lunch at 2:00.
* Suelo jugar al tenis a las tres de la tarde.

## Reflexive verbs

    Hola. (1)____ llamo Milagros, y tengo dieciséis años. (2)____ vivo en un piso grande en Madríd, en España. Normalmente, (3)____ la mañana, (4)____ levanto a las seis (5)____ media. Luego, (6)____ peino, y desayuno con Rosa (mi hermana). Después, (7)____ maquillamos. Nunca (8)____ duchamos por (9)___ mañana - me gusta bañarme por la noche.
    Usualmente, a (10)____ cuatro (11)____ la tarde, practicamos (12)____ la natación. (13)____ gusta mucho nadar. Por la tarde, (14)____ relajo: me gusta leer, (15)____ ver la tele, pero usualmente, no hay nada (16)____ hacer.
* Me
* Por
* Me
* Y
* Me
* Nos
* Nos
* La
* Las
* De
* Nos
* Me
* Para
# Topology/Order

Recall that a set $X$ is said to be totally ordered if there exists a relation $\leq$ satisfying for all $x,y,z\in X$
* $(x\leq y)\land (y\leq x)\implies x=y$ (antisymmetry)
* $(x\leq y)\land (y\leq z)\implies x\leq z$ (transitivity)
* $(x\leq y)\lor (y\leq x)$ (totality)
The usual topology ${\mathcal {U}}$ on $\mathbb {R}$ is defined so that the open intervals $(a,b)$ for $a,b\in \mathbb {R}$ form a base for ${\mathcal {U}}$. It turns out that this construction can be generalized to any totally ordered set $(X,\leq )$.

## Definition

Let $(X,\leq )$ be a totally ordered set. The topology ${\mathcal {T}}$ on $X$ generated by sets of the form $(-\infty ,a)$ or $(a,\infty )$ is called the order topology on $X$
# Topology/Path Connectedness
## Definition

A topological space $X$ is said to be path connected if for any two points $x_{0},x_{1}\in X$ there exists a continuous function $f:[0,1]\to X$ such that $f(0)=x_{0}$ and $f(1)=x_{1}$

## Example

* All convex sets in a vector space are connected because one could just use the segment connecting them, which is $f(t)=t{\vec {a}}+(1-t){\vec {b}}$.
* The unit square defined by the vertices $[0,0],[1,0],[0,1],[1,1]$ is path connected. Given two points $(a_{0},b_{0}),(a_{1},b_{1})\in [0,1]\times [0,1]$ the points are connected by the function $f(t)=[(1-t)a_{0}+ta_{1},(1-t)b_{0}+tb_{1}]$ for $t\in [0,1]$. The preceding example works in any convex space (it is in fact almost the definition of a convex space).

## Adjoining Paths

Let $X$ be a topological space and let $a,b,c\in X$. Consider two continuous functions $f_{1},f_{2}:[0,1]\to X$ such that $f_{1}(0)=a$, $f_{1}(1)=b=f_{2}(0)$ and $f_{2}(1)=c$. Then the function defined by
$f(x)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}f_{1}(2x)&{\text{if }}x\in [0,{\frac {1}{2}}]\\f_{2}(2x-1)&{\text{if }}x\in [{\frac {1}{2}},1]\\\end{array}}\right.$
Is a continuous path from $a$ to $c$. Thus, a path from $a$ to $b$ and a path from $b$ to $c$ can be adjoined together to form a path from $a$ to $c$.

## Relation to Connectedness

Each path connected space $X$ is also connected. This can be seen as follows:
Assume that $X$ is not connected. Then $X$ is the disjoint union of two open sets $A$ and $B$. Let $a\in A$ and $b\in B$. Then there is a path $f$ from $a$ to $b$, i.e., $f:[0,1]\rightarrow X$ is a continuous function with $f(0)=a$ and $f(1)=b$. But then $f^{-1}(A)$ and $f^{-1}(B)$ are disjoint open sets in $[0,1]$, covering the unit interval. This contradicts the fact that the unit interval is connected.

## Exercises

* Prove that the set $A=\{(x,f(x))|x\in \mathbb {R} \}\subset \mathbb {R} ^{2}$, where $f(x)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}0&{\text{if }}x\leq 0\\\sin({\frac {1}{x}})&{\text{if }}x>0\\\end{array}}\right.$ is connected but not path connected.
# Topology/Order Topology

Let X be a totally ordered set with ordering $\leq$.
Consider all subsets of X of the form
${x\in X|x<a}$
and
${x\in X|x>a}$
where a is any element of X. We call these the open rays of X. Since the union of all open rays is X, this is a semibase of some topology in this set.
We define the order topology of this ordered set to be the topology $\tau$ that is generated by this semibase.
We define the open intervals in this set to be all sets of the form
${x\in X|a<x<b}$.
A base of this topology is the set of all open rays and open intervals. This is because the set of all open rays and open intervals together is the set of all finite intersections of the semibase of open rays.
# Topology/Product Spaces
## Before we begin

We quickly review the set-theoretic concept of Cartesian product here. This definition might be slightly more generalized than what you're used to.

## Cartesian Product
### Definition

Let $\Lambda$ be an indexed set, and let $X_{\lambda }$ be a set for each $\lambda \in \Lambda$. The Cartesian product of each $X_{\lambda }$ is
$\prod _{\lambda \in \Lambda }X_{\lambda }=\{x:\Lambda \rightarrow \bigcup _{\lambda \in \Lambda }X_{\lambda }|x(\lambda )\in X_{\lambda }\}$

## Example

Let $\Lambda =\mathbb {N}$ and $X_{\lambda }=\mathbb {R}$ for each $n\in \mathbb {N}$. Then
$\prod _{\lambda \in \Lambda }X_{\lambda }=\mathbb {R} ^{\mathbb {N} }=\{x:\mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} \mid x(n)\in \mathbb {R} \,\forall \,n\in \mathbb {N} \}=\{(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots )\mid x_{n}\in \mathbb {R} \,\forall \,n\in \mathbb {N} \}$

## Product Topology

Using the Cartesian product, we can now define products of topological spaces.

### Definition

Let $X_{\lambda }$ be a topological space. The product topology of $\prod _{\lambda \in \Lambda }X_{\lambda }$ is the topology with base elements of the form $\prod _{\lambda \in \Lambda }U_{\lambda }$, where $U_{\lambda }=X_{\lambda }$ for all but a finite number of $\lambda$ and each $U_{\lambda }$ is open.

## Examples

* Let $\Lambda =\{1,2\}$ and $X_{\lambda }=\mathbb {R}$ with the usual topology. Then the basic open sets of $\mathbb {R} ^{2}$ have the form $(a,b)\times (c,d)$:
* Let $\Lambda =\{1,2\}$ and $X_{\lambda }=R_{l}$ (The Sorgenfrey topology). Then the basic open sets of $\mathbb {R} ^{2}$ are of the form $[a,b)\times [a,b)$:
# Topology/Relative Homology

Let the notation $C_{\bullet }(X)$ represent the singular chains for X then, for a subspace $A\subset X$ there exists a short exact sequence
    $0\to C_{\bullet }(A)\to C_{\bullet }(X)\to C_{\bullet }(X)/C_{\bullet }(A)\to 0$
meaning we can define the relative homology as $H_{n}(X/A)\cong H_{n}(C_{\bullet }(X)/C_{\bullet }(A))$.