OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2018-19/Issues in Interdisciplinarity/Truth In Uchronia

Uchronia, ‘that which have no historical reality’, also known as ‘alternate history’, is a literary genre which explores the possible outcomes of history if an important global event had occurred differently. It is therefore very speculative as the author alone must create an entirely different world from a single event, which one calls, ‘the divergent point’. One may wonder if there is a reason in inventing something which to the reader appears blatantly false, and is yet so inextricably linked to our reality. Perhaps lies and fiction are more effective than any exposé when it comes to denouncing the bias of our society. In this way, one would perceive truth in a vivid way, seeing incidental factors, and understanding which choices and values built the world we know today. These fictional worlds are never far apart from dystopias, ‘pessimistic visions of the world’. Uchronia is therefore the ‘black mirror’ of the contemporary world, reflecting deeply entrenched political corruption and desire of power, which are the enemies of democracy. What the readers holds as true and undeniable may be challenged by fiction which acts as a conduit for self-reflection and political, philosophical and historical thought. All these conditions are met in the novel The Man in The High Castle, by Philip K. Dick, which depicts a world dominated by Germany and Japan after they won World War 2.
# High School Earth Science/The Solar System

* Introduction to the Solar System
* Inner Planets
* Outer Planets
* Other Objects in the Solar System
← The Sun and the Earth-Moon System · Introduction to the Solar System →
# High School Earth Science/Studying Earth's Surface

* Introduction to Earth's Surface
* Modeling Earth's Surface
* Topographic Maps
* Using Satellites and Computers
← Earth Science and Its Branches · Introduction to Earth's Surface →
# Introduction to Select Irish Literature and Film/Introduction
## General Introduction

In the fall of 2013, a course in Modern Irish Literature was offered at Trent University, Oshawa Campus. Students who took this upper-year university course were offered a number of options for completion of their final project. Eight female students volunteered to create an introduction to Irish literature with the instructor, Dr. Sara Humphreys. The readers of this wikibook will find information on the canonized Irish authors who have had a hand in the construction of a well-established and decidedly Irish literature.

### Irish Literature in General

Irish literature and culture courses are a growing concern in Canadian Universities. Not so long ago, such courses were quite rare, but most universities in North America that offer English courses, also offer Irish Literature in some form, thankfully. The steady diet of British literature did not represent the vastness of the world’s literature. Indeed, literary scholar and cultural critic, Frank Moretti explains that the word “literature” operates as a kind of “slaughterhouse” in that English professors tend to teach a very limited number of books that have been canonized. Usually, Irish authors are displaced from their - often complicated - national contexts and co-opted by literary movements and concerns, most often modernism, drama, and contemporary poetry. Writers like James Joyce and Samuel Beckett are the usual victims of such critical appropriation. Irish literature courses tend to set things straight and enable students to explore the richness of Irish narrative forms. The authors of this wikibook share their expertise gained from course they took in Modern Irish Literature at Trent University, Oshawa Campus in the fall of 2013. Therefore, this introduction to Irish literature concentrates mainly on twentieth and twenty-first century literary works, but also traces the origins of these works to Ireland's long tradition of storytelling.
* the most popular authors and forms of Irish literature in order to provide the neophyte with a starting place for further study;
* the critical conversation that is common to these authors and a select number of works in order to demonstrate how one might read these works;
* the historical and social contexts in which these works were produced.

## Contributors and Acknowledgments

I would like to sincerely thank the students of Modern Irish Literature who took the source in winter of 2013. Their hard work is clearly demonstrated in this wikibook, which we hope you find useful.

# References

* ↑ , Moretti, Frank. "The Slaughterhouse of Literature. MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly. 61.1:(2000).207.
# Introduction to Respiratory Care/Structure of Respiratory Care
## United States

Many governing bodies oversee respiratory therapists.
# Introduction to Select Irish Literature and Film
## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Irish Absurdism
* The Importance of Irish Theatre
* Irish Poetry
* The Irish Short Story
* Irish Film: Waking Ned Devine
# Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21/Evidence in the diagnosis of Depression

Issues in Interdisciplinarity 2020-21
# History of video games/Platforms/YouTube Playables
## History

YouTube Playables was tested internally.

## Games

* Stack Bounce

## References

* ↑ Kruppa, Miles (23 June 2023). "WSJ News Exclusive | Google’s YouTube Is Testing an Online-Games Offering". Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/googles-youtube-is-testing-an-online-games-offering-16d1e772.
* ↑ Porter, Jon (26 June 2023). "YouTube reportedly tests adding playable games to its video platform". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2023/6/26/23773922/youtube-playables-games-app-web-desktop.
# History of video games/Platforms/Yinlips YDPG18
## History

The system had launched by December 13, 2011, having originated from a Chinese company named Yinlips Digital Technology. In Japan the system retailed for 16,800 Japanese Yen.
Though this was otherwise not an exceptional clone console, system attracted attention from the gaming press for it's similarities to the then new PlayStation Vita.

## Technology
### Compute

The system was based around a single core processor clocked at 1.2 Gigahertz. The system included 512 Megabytes of DDR2 RAM.
The system included 4 gigabytes of storage, and could be expanded through a microSD card slot.

### Hardware

The system had a built in 5 inches (13 cm) widescreen display with a resolution of 800 pixels by 480 pixels. HDMI output was also supported. When outputting on external displays, a resolution of 1080p was supported. The system could be used in landscape, or portrait mode.
The system had both a front and rear facing camera. The rear facing camera had a resolution of 5 megapixels. The system also sported a "Gravity Sensor", which some reviewers stated was in fact an accelerometer.
Networking was possible via integrated Wi-Fi.

### Software

The system used either Android 2.2 or Android 2.3 as an operating system. The system shipped with a suite of emulation software for systems from the 1980's and 1990's.

## References

* ↑ Horsey, Julian (13 December 2011). "PS Vita Cloned As The Yinlips YDPG18 Before Official Launch". Geeky Gadgets. https://www.geeky-gadgets.com/ps-vita-cloned-as-the-yinlips-ydpg18-before-official-launch-13-12-2011/.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Volpe, J (December 12, 2011). "P.S. it's not a Vita: Yinlips' Android-based YDPG18". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2011-12-12-p-s-its-not-a-vita-yinlips-android-based-ydpg18.html.
* 1 2 3 4 "一足先に販売中！ PS VitaにソックリなAndroid端末" (in ja). ASCII.jp. December 9, 2011. https://ascii.jp/elem/000/000/655/655239/.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Svetlik, Joe. "Android-based PS Vita lookalike is the Yinlips YDPG18" (in en). CNET. https://www.cnet.com/tech/gaming/android-based-ps-vita-lookalike-is-the-yinlips-ydpg18/.
* 1 2 "...And China Rips-Off the PS Vita" (in en-us). Kotaku. 12 December 2011. https://kotaku.com/and-china-rips-off-the-ps-vita-5867132.
# History of video games/Platforms/ZTE Fun Box
## History

The ZTE Fun Box was announced shortly after China ended it's ban on video game consoles. The ZTE Fun Box was a bid by a domestic manufacturer to enter the massive and newly legalized console market of China.
The ZTE Fun Box was launched in China in 2014 by ZTE and The9 Limited for either 689 yuan or 698 yuan. This joint venture was handled by a company known as ZTE9. Despite being a new console, the system had support from major traditional developers including EA and Take Two.

## Technology
### Compute

The ZTE Fun Box is powered by a NVIDIA Tegra 4 system on a chip containing four ARM Cortex A15 chips clocked at 1.8 gigahertz and a 72 core GeForce GPU. The system has 2 gigabytes of DDR3L RAM, as well as 8 gigabytes of eMMC flash storage. Overall the ZTE Fun Box possessed respectable, if not particularly exceptional, performance for a microconsole of the time.

### Hardware

The console has radios for 2.4 gigahertz and 5 gigahertz dual band Wi-Fi a/b/g/n, as well as Bluetooth 4.0. The ZTE Fun Box has also supports 100 megabit ethernet for wired connections.
The system had only a single full size USB port, which was a point of concern by some gamers.
The microconsole was available in 12 different colors, an unusually high number of variations available for any non-major console. This is especially notable for microconsole of the era, as most were only made in one or two styles over the system life.

### Software

The ZTE Fun Box runs version 4.3 of the Android operating system and could access games through NVIDIA TegraZone. The system was touted as supporting video calls.

## References

* ↑ "China's ZTE 2014 Profit Almost Doubles on Smartphones, 4G Roll-Out" (in en). Vox. 25 March 2015. https://www.vox.com/2015/3/25/11560704/chinas-zte-2014-profit-almost-doubles-on-smartphones-4g-roll-out.
* ↑ "ZTE Joins The9 to Make Chinese Game Console for Release in March". Bloomberg.com. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "ZTE releases FunBox console". www.fudzilla.com. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 5 "ZTE FunBox". Video Game Console Library. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 4 "ZTE9 Releases FunBox – the World's Fastest Home Entertainment Console". www.businesswire.com. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
* 1 2 3 "ZTE FunBox Android Game Console Powered by Nvidia Tegra 4 Sells for $146". www.cnx-software.com. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
* ↑ "Zte funbox". XDA Developers Forums. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
# History of video games/Platforms/ZX Spectrum
## History
### Launch

The ZX Spectrum was launched in 1982.
A number of Spectrum focused periodicals were in print.

### Legacy

In 1992 the ZX Spectrum was discontinued with five million systems sold.
Sir Clive Sinclair passed away in London on Thursday, September 16th, 2021.

## Technology
### Compute

The ZX Spectrum is powered by an 8-bit Z80A processor clocked at 3.5 megahertz.
Depending on the model the ZX Spectrum has either 16 kilobytes of RAM or 48 kilobytes of RAM.

### Hardware

The ZX Spectrum has 16 kilobytes of RAM.
The unintentional "Colour Clash" effect of the ZX Spectrum created a unique aesthetic for games on the system.

## Games
### 1985
#### Don't Buy This

An early game compilation of poor quality games.
Read more about Don't Buy This on Wikipedia.

## Gallery

* The original ZX Spectrum
* Sinclair ZX Spectrum+
* the Sinclair Magnum Light Phaser for the ZX Spectrum.

## Notes
### Naming

Being primarily used in the UK, the name is pronounced as "Zed" X Spectrum. The system was sometimes known by the nickname "Speccy".

## References

* ↑ "Sinclair ZX Spectrum 48k - Computer - Computing History". www.computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
* ↑ "The Spectrum wasn’t just a computer - it was a family" (in en-gb). Eurogamer.net. 17 April 2022. https://www.eurogamer.net/the-spectrum-wasnt-just-a-computer-it-was-a-family.
* 1 2 3 4 "How the Spectrum began a revolution". 23 April 2007. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
* ↑ "ZX Spectrum: 30 years old, and still one of the cheapest computers ever made - ExtremeTech". www.extremetech.com. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
* ↑ "Sir Clive Sinclair: Computing pioneer dies aged 81". BBC News. 16 September 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-58587521.
* ↑ "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
* ↑ "Colour Clash: The Engineering Miracle of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum". Paleotronic Magazine. 29 September 2018. https://paleotronic.com/2018/09/29/loading-ready-run-sinclair-edition-the-zx-spectrum/.
* ↑ "ZX Spectrum Vega Review // Sent In For Review - Rerez". Retrieved 7 December 2021.
* ↑ Lyons, Kim (18 September 2021). "Clive Sinclair, inventor of the ZX Spectrum personal computer, has died" (in en). The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/18/22680955/clive-sinclair-home-computers-electric-vehicle-calculator.
# History of video games/Platforms/ZX Spectrum Vega
## History
### Development

The system development was handled by Chris Smith.

### Launch

The ZX Spectrum Vega was launched in 2015 for 100 British pounds.

## Technology

The ZX Spectrum Vega uses three chips, an 128 pin Freescale MCIMX233DJM4C ARM 9 architecture processor, 16 megabytes of DDR SDRAM, and 64 megabytes of SPI Flash Memory, specs it essentially shares with the Vega+.
An unconventional on screen controller is included through software.

## Notable games

The ZX Spectrum Vega contains 1,000 games from the original ZX Spectrum, mostly freeware titles that were available online.

## Gallery
### Console

* The face of the unit, with multiple buttons.
* The bottom of the unit includes a notch for microSD cards.
* The RCA composite and USB cables built into the ZX Spectrum Vega.
* A boxed ZX Spectrum Vega.

### Internals

* The console interior is simply used to contain the motherboard and cable slack. Cabling uses an internal socket, which eases reparability of the unit.
* Three major integrated circuits are located on the back of the motherboard. The motherboard pictured is Issue 1.
* The motherboard front has contacts for the console buttons.
* Beneath the faceplate, portions of the button mechanisms can be seen.
* The bottom of the casing features a simple notch for cabling to exit.

## References

* ↑ "ZX Spectrum gets new lease of life as Vega games console" (in en). the Guardian. 2 December 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/02/zx-spectrum-vega-games-console.
* 1 2 Rundle, Michael (1 October 2015). "Which of the 'retro' Spectrum remakes is worth your £100?". Wired UK. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ Wilson, Richard (17 July 2015). "Sinclair ZX Spectrum in production again after 30 years". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ "Retro Computers Limited releases a whole heap of ZX Vega+ technical specs". Flickering Myth. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
* ↑ Whitehead, Dan (21 August 2015). "Sinclair ZX Spectrum Vega review". Eurogamer. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
# History of video games/Platforms/Xtreamer Multi-Console
## History

The console was launched on the 15th of January, 2014.

## Technology
### Compute

The system is powered by a quad core Rockchip RK3188 ARM Cortex A9 processor clocked at 1.6 gigahertz.

## References

* ↑ "Xtreamer Releases New Android Multi-Console Game & Media Center". PRWeb. January 15, 2014. https://www.prweb.com/releases/xtreamer/multiconsole/prweb11486779.htm.
* ↑ "Xtreamer Android Multi-Console is media streamer and games mach" (in en-gb). www.pocket-lint.com. 15 January 2014. https://www.pocket-lint.com/games/news/126560-xtreamer-android-multi-console-is-media-streamer-and-games-machine-in-one-airplay-ipad-mirroring-too.
# History of video games/Platforms/ZRRO
## History
### Development

Zrro Technologies was a company based in Tel Aviv, Israel.
According to the ZRRO developers, system development began four years prior to announcement (Circa 2011).

### Campaign

A website for ZRRO had been operational as early as February 2015.
At least one prototype unit had been sent out for review by February 2015.
The ZRRO met a $200,000 Kickstarter funding goal in 2015. The preorder cost was $199.

### Legacy

By August 2016 the ZRRO website was no longer active.
Little more is known about the ZRRO console.

## Technology
### Compute

The system has a quad core processor clocked at 2.0 gigahertz. The system sported 2 gigabytes of DDR3 RAM. The system had 16 gigabytes of onboard storage, as well as a microSD card slot. The system also had an "8 core GPU".

### Software

The ZRRO ran Android 4.4 as an operating system.

### ZRRO Pad Controller

The distinctive feature of the console was it's controller, which allowed hovering fingers to be registered. Finger detection worked to a range of 1.2 inches (3.0 cm) away from the controller pad. Multiple fingers could be registered simultaneously.
The ZRRO Pad controller supports vibration feedback.
The ZRRO Pad also contained 3 physical buttons below the touch pad.
The ZRRO Pad is wireless.

## Games
### 2015

* Clash of Clans

## Notes

The name of the device is pronounced "Zero".

## External Links

* Archived website

## References

* 1 2 "ZRRO Press Room". web.archive.org. 27 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150427022248/http://zrrobox.com/press/.
* ↑ "Zrro - Touch your TV!". web.archive.org. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
* 1 2 "ZRRO First ever review and WIN a cool new way to play Clash of Clans" (in en). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVHoD74aOrk.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "ZRRO is an Android console that's controlled by a hover and touch-based gamepad". Android Authority. 27 March 2015. https://www.androidauthority.com/zrro-android-console-597102/.
* 1 2 "ZRRO, An Android Mini-Console With A Unique Touch-Based Controller, Reaches $200,000 Kickstarter Goal". Android Police. 26 March 2015. https://www.androidpolice.com/2015/03/26/zrro-an-android-mini-console-with-a-unique-touch-based-controller-reaches-200000-kickstarter-goal/.
* 1 2 3 4 "ZRRO – The World’s First Hover And Touch Controller!". Gadget Flow. https://thegadgetflow.com/portfolio/zrro-the-worlds-first-hover-and-touch-controller/.
* ↑ "zrrobox". web.archive.org. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
* 1 2 Hoff, John (18 February 2015). "ZRRO is an Android gaming console with unique touch controls". Android Community. https://androidcommunity.com/zrro-is-an-android-gaming-console-with-unique-touch-controls-20150218/.
* 1 2 Press, Viva (5 March 2015). "ZRRO revolutionizes Android games for TV". ISRAEL21c. https://www.israel21c.org/zrro-revolutionizes-android-games-for-tv/.
* 1 2 3 4 "New Way To Play mobile apps on your TV! 720P60FPS". Retrieved 14 April 2022.
# JavaScript/Closures/Exercises

Topic: Closure
1. Write a script that creates a parameterizable function decoratorFactory. It accepts a string that 'decorates' logging information with the given parameter. E.g.: const tiny = decoratorFactory("Log message from subroutine 'someTinyAction': "); alert(tiny("Division by zero."));. The script shall internally use a closure.
# JavaScript/DHTML

DHTML - an abbreviation for Dynamic HTML - is a term denoting the combination of HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. It does not introduce or define any new technology.
This page offers some examples of integrating HTML, JavaScript, and CSS.

## alert messages

This will give a simple alert message.
This will give a simple prompt message.
This will give a simple confirmation message.

## Button and alert

Sometimes it is best to dig straight in with the coding. Here is an example of a small piece of code:
What does this code do? When it loads, it tells what value the variable msg should have. The following code snippet is a function that has been named "bomb". The body of this function fires some alert messages and changes the value of msg.
The next part is mainly HTML, with a bit of JavaScript attached to the INPUT tags. The "onclick" property tells its parent what has to be done when clicked. The bomb function is assigned to the first button; the second button just shows an alert message with the value of msg.

## Two scripts

Now, back to the first example. We have modified the script, adding a different welcome message. This version requests the user to enter a name. They are also asked if they want to visit the site. Some CSS has also been added to the button.
# JavaScript/Closures

A Closure is a technique where a function is bundled (enclosed) with its surrounding variables, the lexical environment. Typically, Closures are implemented in functional programming languages like JavaScript where they support Currying.

## Lexical environment

First, we show the access of a function to its lexical environment. This alone is not a Closure.
The function incrementByCertainValue increments its parameter by the value of the variable certainValue. Because incrementByCertainValue as well as certainValue are defined within the same block, the function has access to the variable. Whenever the function is called, it reads the variable and uses it to compute its return value.

## Closure

To extend the above example to a Closure, we have to combine an (inner) function with access to variables of its lexical environment - typically another function -, and save this state by returning this inner function.
The (outer) function incrementByCertainValue
    contains a parameter param,
    defines an (inner) function add that takes another parameter certainValue,
    in addition to its parameter, the (inner) function has access - as usual - to its lexical environment where param is defined
    returns the (inner) function.
So far, there are exclusively declarations and no running code.
When the variable incrementByFive is declared in line 12, it is initialized with the return value of the function incrementByCertainValue(5). This is the crucial point where code runs and the Closure technique acts. Within incrementByCertainValue the 5 is known as the parameter/variable param. Next, the function add is created using param from its lexical environment. This function add accepts one parameter that must be given from the calling routine later on. The return statement of incrementByCertainValue delivers this function add that has bound the value '5' into its body. Please note that the function name add is arbitrary and not seen outside of incrementByCertainValue.
When incrementByCertainValue is called a second time with the argument '6', the '6' is bound to a separate, second function.

## Exercises

    ... are available on another page (click here).

## See also

* MDN: Closures
* Wiki: Closures
* Currying in JavaScript (German).