# USMLE Step 1 Review/Free association
## Clinical - Free Association

Proud Dead Guys and Other Diseases

### a

* Addison’s Disease - primary adrenocortical deficiency
* Addisonian Anemia - pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells - IF - Vit B12 - macrocytic non-megaloblastic anemia)
* Albright’s Syndrome - polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls
* Alport’s Syndrome - hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen defect (basement membranes)
* Alzheimer’s - progressive dementia; tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E4 allele, narrow gyri and wide sulci (atrophy), occipital sparing, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, plaques in hippocampus and cortex,  Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellular inclusion bodies in hippocampal cells)
* Argyll-Robertson Pupil - loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
* “Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react
* Pathognomonic for Tertiary Syphilis
* Arnold-Chiari Malformation - cerebellar tonsil herniation

### b

* Barrett’s esophagus- columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)
* Bartter’s Syndrome - hyperreninemia
* Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy - similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
* Bell’s Palsy - CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
* Berger’s Disease - IgA nephropathy
* Bernard-Soulier Disease - defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of von willenbrand factor receptor GP 1b platelet-surface glycoprotein)
* Berry Aneurysm - circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed),often associated with ADPKD
* Bowen’s Disease - carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
* Briquet’s Syndrome - somatization disorder,psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology
* Broca’s Aphasia - Motor Aphasia intact comprehension
Bronchiolitis RSV
* Brown-Sequard - hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)
* Bruton’s Disease - X-linked agammaglobinemia
* Budd-Chiari - post-hepatic venous thrombosis
* Buerger’s Disease - acute inflammation of small, medium arteries * painful ischemia * gangrene * Japan * smoking
* Burkitt’s Lymphoma - small noncleaved cell lymphoma,EBV,8:14 translocation

### c

* Caisson Disease - gas emboli
* Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Median nerve entrapment in the Carpel tunnel
* Chagas’ Disease - Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achalasia
* Chediak-Higashi Disease - Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy• repeated infections
* Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt loss, hypotension
* 11-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt retention, hypertension
* Conn’s Syndrome - primary aldosteronism
* Cori’s Disease - glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
* Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
* Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated),self mutilation,glucuronyl transferase deficiency
* Crohn’s • IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk)
* Croup - Parainfluenza
* Curling’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
* Cushing’s Disease - hypercorticism 2* to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
* Cushing's Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1* adrenal or ectopic)
* Cushing’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

### d

* de Quervain’s Thyroiditis - self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
* DiGeorge’s Syndrome - thymic hypoplasia * T-cell deficiency,hypoparathyroidism
* Doll's Eyes - patient comatose with intact brain stem, eyes remain fixed and seem to move opposite the movement of the head
* Down’s Syndrome - trisomy 21 or translocation
* Dressler’s Syndrome - Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
* Dubin-Johnson Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated),striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
* Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - deficiency of dystrophin protein, MD X-linked recessive

### e

* Edwards’ Syndrome - trisomy 18,rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease
* Ehler’s-Danlos - defective collagen
* Eisenmenger’s Complex - late cyanotic shunt (R to L) pulmonary HTN & RVH secondary to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
* Erb-Duchenne Palsy - trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip
* Ewing Sarcoma - undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone. Translocation (11;22)
* Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ on glans penis

### f

* Fanconi Syndrome - impaired proximal tubular reabsorption secondary to lead poisoning or Tetracycline.

### Useful Websites

* Pixorize: USMLE Step 1 Mnemonics