OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Copyright Act/Article 90-9

| ←Article 90-8 | Copyright Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 90-9 | Article 90-10→ |

## Newly adopted and promulgated on 2009-05-13
### Article 90-9

    An information storage service provider shall forward notice to the allegedly infringing user of any measures taken under Article 90octies, subparagraph 3, by the contact method stipulated between the service provider and the user or by the contact information left by the user. However, this requirement shall not apply if the nature of the service provided makes such notice impossible.
    If a user referred to in the preceding paragraph believes that the materials were not involved in infringement, the user may submit counter notification documents to the information storage service provider with a request to restore the removed content or related information or restore the access to it.
    Upon receipt of a counter notification described in the preceding paragraph, an information storage service provider shall expeditiously forward such documents to the copyright holder or plate rights holder.
    If, within 10 business days since one day after the date of receiving counter notification from the information storage service provider as described in the preceding paragraph, the copyright holder or plate rights holder provides the information storage service provider with evidence regarding filing civil or criminal litigation against the user, the information storage service provider shall not bear any obligation to restore the content or related information.
    If the copyright holder or plate rights holder fails to provide evidence on filing litigation in accordance with the preceding paragraph, the information storage service provider shall, within no more than 14 business days since one day after the date of forwarding the counter-notification documents, restore the removed content or related information or restore the access to it. However, if restoration is impossible, the service provider shall notify the user in advance, or provide another appropriate method by which the user may restore it.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Copyright Act: Article 90-9". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2014-01-22. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Copyright Act/Article 94

| ←Article 93 | Copyright Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 94 | Article 95→ |

## Promulgated amendment on 2003-07-09
### Article 94

    A person who commits a crime specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of Article 91, Article 91bis, Article 92, or Article 93 as a vocation shall be imprisoned for not less than one year and not more than seven years, and in addition thereto, may be fined not less than three hundred thousand and not more than three million New Taiwan Dollars.
    A person who commits a crime specified in paragraph 3 of Article 91 as a vocation shall be imprisoned for not less than one year and not more than seven years, and in addition thereto, may be fined not less than eight hundred thousand and not more than eight million New Taiwan Dollars.

## Promulgated deletion on 2006-05-30 effective on 2006-07-01
### Article 94

(deleted)

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Copyright Act". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2003-07-09. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
# Annotated Republic of China Laws/Copyright Act/Article 92

| ←Article 91-1 | Copyright Act Republic of China (Taiwan) Law Article 92 | Article 93→ |

## Promulgated amendment on 2003-07-09
### Article 92

    A person who, with intent to profit, infringes on the economic rights of another person by means of public recitation, public broadcast, public presentation, public performance, public transmission, public display, adaptation, compilation, or leasing, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than three years, detention, or in addition thereto a fine of not more than seven hundred and fifty thousand New Taiwan Dollars.
    A person who commits the crime in the preceding paragraph without intent to profit, where the number of works infringed exceeds five, or the injury incurred by the copyright owner exceeds thirty thousand New Taiwan Dollars, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years, detention, or in lieu thereof or in addition thereto, a fine of not more than five hundred thousand New Taiwan Dollars.

## Promulgated amendment on 2004-09-01
### Article 92

    A person who infringes on the economic rights of another person without authorization by means of public recitation, public broadcast, public presentation, public performance, public transmission, public display, adaptation, compilation, or leasing, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than three years, detention, or in lieu thereof or in addition thereto a fine not more than seven hundred and fifty thousand New Taiwan Dollars.

## Annotated by Wikibooks

* ↑ "Copyright Act". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2003-07-09. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
* ↑ "Copyright Act: Article 92". Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China. Ministry of Justice (Taiwan). 2014-01-22. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/K-L

A-B | C-D | E-F | G-H | I-J | K-L | M-N | O-P | Q,R,S | T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
| Word | Meaning |
| K | |
| Keel | The breast bone in birds |
| Keratin | A protein found in epidermis, hair, feathers, hoofs etc. |
| Kidney | The organ that produces urine |
| L | |
| Lachrymal gland | The tear gland of the eye |
| Lactation The secretion and ejection of milk by mammary glands||
| Lacteal | A lymphatic vessel within the villi of the small intestine |
| Lacuna | A small hollow space |
| Lamellae | Concentric rings of hard calcified material found in compact bone |
| Large intestine | Part of the gut consisting of the colon, caecum, rectum and anal canal |
| Larynx | The voice box |
| Lateral | Away from the midline |
| Lens | Transparent part of the eye that helps focus light rays on the retina |
| Leukocyte | A white blood cell |
| Ligament | Dense connective tissue that attaches bone to bone |
| Lipase | Digestive enzyme that breaks down fats (lipids) |
| Lipid | Fat |
| Liver | The large organ caudal to the diaphragm |
| Longitudinal | Lengthwise slice of an animal or organ |
| Lordosis response | Standing firm to pressure on the loin region |
| Lumbar | Loin region of the back |
| Lumen | A space within an artery, vein, intestine or tube |
| Lung | The organs of respiration |
| Luteinising hormone | The hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation and development of corpus luteum |
| Lymph | Tissue fluid that has entered the lymphatic system |
| Lymph node | A structure that filters lymph and produces lymphocytes |
| Lymphatic capillary | The closed ended microscopic vessel that collects lymph in tissues |
| Lymphatic tissue | Specialised tissue that contains large numbers of lymphocytes |
| Lymphatic vessel | A large vessel that carries lymph |
| Lymphocyte | A white blood cell associated with the immune response |
| Lysosome | A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/atan2
## atan2

| Syntax | #include <cmath> double atan2( double y, double x ); |
The atan2 function computes the arc tangent of y/x, using the signs of the arguments to compute the quadrant of the return value.

### Related topics

    acos - asin - atan - cos - cosh - sin - sinh - tan - tanh
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/atexit
## atexit

| Syntax | #include <cstdlib> int atexit( void (*func)(void) ); |
The function atexit causes the function pointed to by func to be called when the program terminates. You can make multiple calls to atexit (at least 32, depending on your compiler) and those functions will be called in reverse order of their establishment. The return value of atexit is zero upon success, and non-zero on failure.

### Related topics

    abort - exit
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/asctime
## asctime

| Syntax | #include <ctime> char *asctime( const struct tm *ptr ); |
The function asctime converts the time in the struct 'ptr' to a character string of the following format:
An example:

### Related topics

    clock - ctime - difftime - gmtime - localtime - mktime - time
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/atol
## atol

| Syntax | #include <cstdlib> long atol( const char *str ); |
The function atol converts str into a long, then returns that value. atol will read from str until it finds any character that should not be in a long. The resulting truncated value is then converted and returned. For example,
results in x being set to 1024L.

### Related topics

    atof - atoi - strtod (Standard C I/O) sprintf
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/assert
## assert

| Syntax | #include <cassert> assert( exp ); |
The assert macro is used to test for errors. If exp evaluates to zero, assert writes information to stderr and exits the program. If the macro NDEBUG is defined, the assert macros will be ignored.

### Related topics

    abort
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/atoi
## atoi

| Syntax | #include <cstdlib> int atoi( const char *str ); |
The atoi function converts str into an integer, and returns that integer. str should start with a whitespace or some sort of number, and atoi will stop reading from str as soon as a non-numerical character has been read. For example:
All five of the above assignments to the variable i would result in it being set to 512.
If the conversion cannot be performed, then atoi will return zero:
A complete C++ implementation of atoi.

### Related topics

    atof - atol (Standard C I/O) sprintf
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/acos
## acos

| Syntax | #include <cmath> double acos( double arg ); |
The acos function returns the arc cosine of arg, which will be in the range [0, pi]. arg should be between -1 and 1. If arg is outside this range, acos returns NAN and raises a floating-point exception.

### Related topics

    asin - atan - atan2 - cos - cosh - sin - sinh - tan - tanh
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/asin
## asin

| Syntax | #include <cmath> double asin( double arg ); |
The asin function returns the arc sine of arg, which will be in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2]. arg should be between -1 and 1. If arg is outside this range, asin returns NAN and raises a floating-point exception.

### Related topics

    acos - atan - atan2 - cos - cosh - sin - sinh - tan - tanh
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/atan
## atan

| Syntax | #include <cmath> double atan( double arg ); |
The function atan returns the arc tangent of arg, which will be in the range [-pi/2, +pi/2].

### Related topics

    acos - asin - atan2 - cos - cosh - sin - sinh - tan - tanh
# C++ Programming/Code/Standard C Library/Functions/atof
## atof

| Syntax | #include <cstdlib> double atof( const char *str ); |
The function atof converts str into a double, then returns that value. str must start with a valid number, but can be terminated with any non-numerical character, other than "E" or "e". For example,
results in x being set to 42.0.

### Related topics

    atoi - atol - strtod (Standard C I/O) sprintf
# Algorithms/Find maximum/vb script method 5

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# Algorithms/Find maximum/vb script method 6

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# Algorithms/Find maximum/vb script method 4

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# Animal Care/Land hermit crab cleaning

Each new land hermit crab assessory should be cleaned before use. To avoid attracting insects, to avoid mold/fungus, and to avoid odors, the entire habitat must be cleaned regularly.
Water dishes should be emptied and refilled every 24 to 48 hours (bubblers can increase that time). Swap out the sponges on a weekly basis. Rinse the sponge well in dechlorinated water, squeeze it dry, let it sun dry completely, and then microwave for 45 seconds to sanitize it.
Feces or spilled food on the surface should be scooped up on a daily basis. On a monthly or bi-monthly basis, completely change the substrate (small habitats) or just remove the top 0.5 inch of substrate (larger habitats). In the latter case, add more substrate when the level gets too low or change the substrate at that time.
Do not clean the habitat or its assessories with anything stronger than vinegar and water (rinse well). Soaking in salt water can remove a lot of buildup from assessories and kill mold. Sea salt and baking soda can be used for scrubbing, but may scratch plexi-glass.
Depending on the materials contained in an assessory, baking, boiling, steaming, or microwaving can be used for sterilization. When microwaving wood, put it in a slightly ventilated, ziplock bag with some water to avoid fires. Diluted, pure vanilla essence has an antibacterial effect and will add a pleasant smell.
To reuse substrate, rinse, stir, and pour off the dirty water until the water is clear. To kill mold and fungus, completely dry the substrate in the sun or oven bake thin layers (0.5") at 150°C (300°F) until dry (20–30 minutes or more). Oven baking at this temperature is sufficient to kill any mites. Alternating between two sets of substrate simplifies this whole process.
CAUTION: Coral is fragile so just pour boiling water over it to sterilize. Some plastic items like exercise balls will melt if microwaved or boiled. Steam those items or allow boiling water to cool a few degrees before pouring it over them.
# Animal Care/Land hermit crab food

As omnivores land hermit crabs can eat foods of both plant and animal matter. By purchasing from any number of online speciality stores even beginners can feed their crabs a lot of fresh or dried foods (Going Natural Beginner's List ). Crabs eat more when not consistently fed the same thing.
Many experienced owners feed a totally natural diet, but this requires a lot of variety (Hermit Crab Nutrition Table). There are retail sites that buy in volume and repackage organic foods in small amounts for the appetites of hermit crabs. This reduces the expense and potential waste of buying lots of different type of foods.
Owners can also grow their own plants and sprouts organically. People who purchase organic foods and who use sea salt (instead of table salt) can often feed the crabs table scraps. For whose who care to cook for their hermit crabs, there are many recipes online.
There are lists available online of what organic items can be fed at ( "Hermit Crab Cuisine" ) and what items should not be fed to hermit crabs. Organic worm castings (poop) will be eagerly consumed. (The idea that dairy is not acceptable has been proven to be a myth.)
The "do not feed" list contains natural insect repellents and pesticides, as well as toxic or "won't eat" items. The list includes things like bay leaves, cinnamon, dill, garlic, lemon, onion, rosemary, thyme, and table salt, so beware of feeding seasoned foods.
Unfortunately, picking a good commercial food can be difficult. There are many , including ethoxyquin and copper sulfate. Ethoxyquin is a preservative used on most fish that is not destined for human use. Since pet food companies do not add ethoxyquin themselves, they do not have to list it on the label!!
Any pelleted items fed to hermit crabs should be crushed first. Dry food can be left in the tank for 48 hours. Fresh foods should be put in at night and removed the next morning to reduce the chances of attracting biting mites. Putting foods in various areas of the tank (including some elevated areas) will give your pets some exercise.
Fresh foods can also be fed outside of the tank (not more than one hour). Just put sand on the bottom of a clean, plastic tub (one not exposed to chemicals or cleansers), then add both the food and the messy crabs. This is good for feeding broken, cooked chicken bones with some meat left. The crabs will love both the marrow and the meat. Pieces of raw or cooked fish can also be fed this way.
# Animal Care/Hygrometer calibration

Relative humidity gauges are called hygrometers and their delicate mechanisms can be jarred out of adjustment. As a result they must be calibrated before the readings can be trusted.
To do the calibration you need
   * an airtight container (mason jar, ziplock bag, plastic tub, etc.)
   * a small dish, bottle cap, or shot glass,
   * 1 tsp salt,
   * water, and
   * if the hygrometer is adjustable, a very small, screwdriver.
Put the salt in the dish and add just enough water to completely wet (not dissolve) the salt. Seal the dish and the hygrometer in the container. (Optionally, put everything in a second, larger, airtight container to be confident that things are airtight.) After waiting at least 6 hours, note the reading on the hygrometer.
If that test reading is not 75%, the screw on the back of an adjustable hygrometer can be used to gently correct the reading. If the hydrometer is not adjustable, you will have to mentally adjust the reading every time you use the gauge [actual reading + (75 - test reading)].
# Animal Care/Introduction

Humans are one of only a few kinds of animals known to possess and care for other species. We keep all manner of animals, for reasons ranging from food and material production, friendship, and decoration. Many people believe that when we take responsibility for an animal, we are required to provide proper care for them. Animal rights laws reaffirm this belief. Beyond the ethical and legal issues surrounding animal care, many people find a deep sense of satisfaction in knowing their pets are happy and healthy.
This book is a good starting place for people who own or are considering owning a pet - it may serve as basic reference and contains references to find further information.
Basic care →
# Animal Care/Land hermit crab bath
## Bathing a crab

There are several ways to bathe a land hermit crab. Since crabs can drown, they must either be lifted out of the water or have a way to climb out on their own. Use room temperature, chlorine-free, chloramine-free, fresh or sea water.
Techniques:
* provide fresh and/or salt water dishes/pools large enough that the crab can bathe (and submerge itself) as desired,
* once a month gently put the crab into a tub of water (with a sloped sand substrate?) and let the crab walk around for a few minutes, or
* once a month submerge the crab (with shell opening up) until the crab comes out of the shell, but not long enough to drown the crab.
The latter method obviously has the potential to be very stressful and many owners no longer use it.
If bathing a hermit crab for the purpose of removing mites, a good way is to
   * coax the crab out (with food or by misting with fresh water),
   * aim into the shell and spray the crab with salt water (over a bowl of salt water to trap mites that jump),
   * pour the water (and mites) out of the shell into the bowl, and
   * when finished, pour the bowl into the toilet and add bleach be sure the mites are dead.
NOTE: Water stored in the shell ("shell water") helps to keep the crab moist. It may contain feces, but does not contain urine. Hermit crab urine is eliminated via glands at the base of the antennae, near the eyes.
# Animal Care/Land hermit crab chlorine

All water (H$_2$O) for land hermit crabs must be free of any form of chlorine.
Water companies are increasingly using chloramine (NH$_2$Cl) in tap water, rather than chlorine (actually hypochlorite - Cl$_2$O$_2$). The chlorine in chloramine will not "outgas" from water (dissipate into the air) with anywhere near the speed and reliability of the chlorine in hypochlorite. That is precisely the reason that chloramine is being used to protect human water supplies from bacteria.
When making plans to remove chloramine, note that unless
   * a gas is produced that bubbles out of the water or
   * a solid is formed that precipitates out of the water,
adding a product to water to "remove" something simply converts one compound into another compound, rather than actually removing anything from the water.
For instance, many products that "remove" chloramine will "add" ammonia. Choramine is created by combining chlorine and ammonia (NH$_3$), so when the chlorine bond in choramine is broken, ammonia is leftover. Aged (weeks) choramine-treated water will contain this ammonia.
Sodium thiosulfate, Na$_2$S$_2$O$_3$, is the primary ingredient of many commercial water dechlorinators. It releases harmless chloride ions from both hypochlorite and chloramine, but it also releases the ammonia from chloramine.
As a result, water+chloramine+sodium thiosulfate requires an additional chemical that converts the ammonia into a non-toxic form before the water can be given to hermit crabs. However, a sodium thiosulfate product may not contain that second chemical or even mention ammonia. This is a case of buyer beware!!
Other chemicals exist that will release chloride ions from chloramine and also convert the resulting ammonia into a non-toxic form. (See the "super 10-gal tank" setup.)
# Animal Care/Land hermit crab terrarium

Besides glass tanks the only good, commercially-available hermit crab home is the Exo Terra Terrarium. A full setup can be seen at the site of this UK owner. The front doors give easy access to the crabs and make the units easy to clean. However, there are some reservations: expense, humidity control, substrate depth, and the background piece.
   * The units come with a mesh lid, so you need to cover part of the mesh or provide a glass lid to retain humidity. Also, the glass doors do not seal to each other (but do lock securely).
   * The crabs may destroy the background piece.
The smallest unit appropriate for hermit crabs (12"W x 12"D x 18"H) is built for 4" of substrate. (Larger units allow more.) The limitation comes from the height of the door and the design of the ventilation system (keeps front doors free of moisture), but the units are strong enough to hold more substrate (according to the manufacturer). For instance, the unit mentioned above is strong enough for 6" of sand. The sand could simply be banked with only 4" at the front or the unit can be modified for 6" of sand by adding additional pieces of glass.
Aquarium sealant can be used to install a large piece of glass (approximately 12"W x 6"H) vertically across the unit 3" from the front. Then two glass pools can be put into the 3" front strip (with the middle of the strip available for other use).
   * Two smaller glass pieces (4"H x 3"W) can be installed vertically 4" from the sides. -or-
   * Two, small, removable glass pools (approximately 3"W x 4"L x 4"H) can be constructed to slip tightly into the strip.
There are a multitude of ways to help the crabs climb into the pools. Wood and rocks in the pools, plus a sponge in the fresh water, would give the crabs ways to climb out. To put bubblers in the pools, put small tubing holes in the large glass piece before installing it.
Of course, the sand could simply be banked around the removable glass pools, but that would make them more difficult to empty and, more importantly, one would loose an opportunity to encourage the crabs to climb and exercise.
If permanent installation of the large glass piece is not desired, it could be braced between the removable glass pools and the sand behind it. Additional pieces of glass (3"W x 4"H and/or 3"W x 6"H) would be needed to stabilize the setup, so that the glass pools could be removed and emptied without the large glass piece moving.
# Basque/Lessons/Introduction

Basque is an ancient language spoken in the Basque country (Spain) and Northern Basque Country (France). It is spoken as a first language by more than 1 million people.
Unlike all other languages in Europe Basque is an isolated language meaning that it is not related to any other language in the world. Because of the uniqueness of Basque it can be difficult for people to learn as a second language.