# Flora of New York/Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae

| ← Asparagales (3) Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae | Flora of New York — Poales (1) Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae | Flora of New York — Poales (1) Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae | Flora of New York — Poales (1) Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae | Flora of New York — Poales (1) Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae | → Poales (2) Juncaceae |
| ← Asparagales (3) Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Poales (2) Juncaceae |
* The order Poales Small (1903)
* Poales
* "bromeliads"
* Typhaceae
* Sparganium spp. (7 bur-reeds)
* Typha spp. (3 cattails)
* Bromeliaceae (not in NY)
* Rapateaceae (not in NY)
* "xyrids"
* Eriocaulaceae—Eriocaulon spp. (2 pipeworts)
* Xyridaceae—Xyris spp. (5 yellow-eyed grasses}
* "cyperids"
* Mayacaceae (not in NY)
* Thurniaceae (not in NY)
* Juncaceae
* Luzula spp. (8 wood rushes)
* Juncus spp. (36 rushes)
* Oreojuncus spp. (1 highland rush)
* Cyperaceae
* Mapanioideae (not in NY)
* Cyperoideae (17 genera, 370 taxa in NY)
* "restids"
* Restionaceae (not in NY)
* "graminids"
* Flagellariaceae (not in NY)
* Joinvilleaceae (not in NY)
* Ecdeiocoleaceae (not in NY)
* Poaceae (116 genera, 398 taxa in NY)
* ↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (Page last updated: 05/25/2021). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
* ↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
* ↑ Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Teisher, J.K., Clark, L.G., Barberá, P., Gillespie, L.J. and Zuloaga, F.O. (2017), "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 55: 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12262
* ↑ Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis; Muasya, A. Muthama; Linder, H. Peter (2014). "A revised evolutionary history of Poales: origins and diversification". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (1): 4–16. doi:10.1111/boj.12160. ISSN 0024-4074.

## Family Typhaceae

The Typhaceae (cattail family) contains the genus Typha, which was the sole genus of the family until the APG III system added the genus Sparganium (bur-reeds) in 2009 by merging the closely-related Sparganiaceae family into Typhaceae.

### Typha

* Typha latifoliaCattails, Typha spp., are wetland plants that are native to much of the world. Broad-leaved cattails (T. latifolia) are considered to be North American natives, while the native status of narrow-leaved cattails (T. angustifolia) in North America is in question. In either case it is thought that narrowleaf cattails were introduced to most of inland New York from coastal regions, with the possible exception of central New York's inland salt marshes, where some think that T. angustifolia may be native.
* The first record of T. angustifolia in North America is from northeast coastal regions in 1820, and it appears to have remained along the coast for the remainder of the 19th century. But by the end of the 20th century, it had migrated to the west coast, and as far south as Arkansas. Along its path, it seems to have preferred "early successional habitats with basic, calcareous, or somewhat salty soils." It is thought that ditches along salted roadways may have helped facilitate the migration from coastal marshes.
* ↑ Andrew McKenzie-Gopsill, et al. (2012), "No evidence for niche segregation in a North American Cattail (Typha) species complex." Ecol Evol. 2012 May; 2(5): 952–961.
* ↑ Jeff Gillies (2013) "Surveys detail inner workings of rare inland salt marshes of Northeast U.S." Environmental Monitor, Dec. 13, 2013.
* ↑ Troy Weldy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson (2015) "Typha angustifolia L." New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
* ↑ Stefanie Miklovic (2000) "Typha angustifolia Management: Implications for Glacial Marsh Restoration." Restoration and Reclamation Review. University of Minnesota. 6(2): Fall 2000.
* ↑ Jessica G. Shih & Sarah A. Finkelstein (2008) "Range dynamics and invasive tendencies in Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia in eastern North America derived from herbarium and pollen records." Wetlands, 28(1): 1.
Poales — Typhaceae — Typha :
| Genus Typha | Cat-tail | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Typha latifolia L.1753. Typha latifolia  L. 1808. Typha elatior  Raf. (i) 1832. Typha crassa  Raf. 1900. Typha latifolia  ssp. eulatifolia  Graebn. 1940. Typha latifolia | Wide-leaved cattail, Broad-leaved cattail, Common cattailQuenouille à feuilles larges, Massette à larges feuilles, Typha à feuilles larges | Native, CoC: 1, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Typha angustifolia L.1753. Typha angustifolia  L. 1949. Typha foveolata  Pobed. 1972. Typha pontica  V.M.Klokov & Krasnova | Narrowleaf cattail, Narrow-leaved cattailQuenouille à feuilles étroites, Massette à feuilles étroites, Typha à feuilles étroites | Native, CoC: 1, Introduced, WW OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-MN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Typha × glauca Godr. (pro sp.)  Typha angustifolia ×   Typha latifolia1844. Typha glauca  Godr. 1886. Typha latifolia  var. elongata  Dudley 1924. Typha angustifolia  var. elongata  Wiegand | Blue cattail, Hybrid of  narrow-leaved cattail &  broad-leaved cattailQuenouille glauque | Native, Invasive OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Sparganium

* Sparganium americanumBur-reeds (Sparganium) were previously included alone in the family Sparganiaceae. They are perennial aquatic plants that grow in shallow ponds, streams, and marshes.
Poales — Typhaceae — Sparganium :
| Genus Sparganium | Bur-reed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sparganium americanum Nutt.1818. Sparganium americanum  Nutt. | American bur-reed, American burreedRubanier d’Amérique | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Sparganium emersum Rehmann1778. Sparganium simplex  Huds. illeg. 1871. Sparganium emersum  Rehmann 1909. Sparganium acaule  (Beeby) Rydb. 1909. Sparganium chlorocarpum  Rydb. 1922. Sparganium chlorocarpum  var. acaule  Fernald | Unbranched bur-reed, European bur-reed, Simple-stemmed bur-reed, Green-fruited burreed, Emersed burreedRubanier à fruits verts, Rubanier émergent, Rubanier simple | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex A. Gray1856. Sparganium eurycarpum  Engelm. ex A. Gray 1934. Sparganium stoloniferum  (Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz. | Large bur-reed, Broadfruit bur-reed, Great burreed, Giant burreed | Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong1867. Sparganium simplex  var. androcladum  Engelm. 1888. Sparganium androcladum  Morong 1907. Sparganium lucidum  Fernald & Eames 1907. Sparganium americanum  var. androcladum  Fernald & Eames | Branching bur-reed, Branched burreedRubanier rameux | Native, CoC: 4, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Sparganium angustifolium Michx.1803. Sparganium angustifolium  Michx. 1905. Sparganium multipedunculatum  Rydb. 1970. Sparganium emersum  var. multipedunculatum  Reveal 1978. Sparganium emersum  var. angustifolium  Taylor & MacBryde | Narrowleaf bur-reed, Narrow-leaved bur-reed, Floating bur-reedRubanier à feuilles étroites | Native, CoC: 6, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Sparganium fluctuans (Engelm. ex Morong) B.L.Rob.1888. Sparganium androcladum  var. fluctuans  Engelm. ex Morong 1905. Sparganium fluctuans  (Engelm. ex Morong) B.L.Rob. | Floating bur-reedRubanier flottant | Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Sparganium natans L.1753. Sparganium natans  L. 1840. Sparganium minimum  Wallr. | Small bur-reed, Artic bur-reedRubanier nageant | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Sparganium (excluded species) | Bur-reed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Sparganium erectum L.1753. Sparganium erectum  L. 1778. Sparganium ramosum  Huds. nom. illeg. | Simplestem bur-reed, Exotic bur-reed, Branched bur-reed | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

## Family Eriocaulaceae

The Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family).

### Subfamily Eriocauloideae
#### Eriocaulon

* Eriocaulon aquaticumThe genus Eriocaulon (pipworts) contains about 400 species worldwide, but only two that are native to New York State.
* ↑ Eriocaulaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Poales — Eriocaulaceae — Eriocauloideae — Eriocaulon :
| Genus Eriocaulon | Pipewort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce1769. Cespa aquatica  Hill 1776. Eriocaulon septangulare  With. 1778. Nasmythia articulata  Hudson 1803. Eriocaulon pellucidum  Michx. 1833. Eriocaulon pumilum  Raf. 1835. Nasmythia septangularis  Mart. 1891. Eriocaulon articulatum  Morong 1909. Eriocaulon aquaticum  Druce | Northern pipewort ⓘ Northern hatpins ⓘ Sevenangle pipewort ⓘ Seven-angled pipewort ⓘ Ériocaulon aquatique | Native, CoC: 10, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Eriocaulon parkeri B.L.Rob.1903. Eriocaulon parkeri  B.L.Rob. | Parker's pipewort, Estuary pipewortÉriocaulon de Parker | Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP CPC Images Wikispecies |

## Family Xyridaceae

The Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family).

### Subfamily Xyridoideae
#### Xyris

* Xyris montana
* ↑ Xyridaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Poales — Xyridaceae — Xyridoideae — Xyris :
| Genus Xyris | Yellow-eyed grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Xyris montana Ries1868. Xyris flexuosa  var. pusilla  A.Gray 1892. Xyris montana  Ries 1937. Xyris papillosa  Fassett | Northern yelloweyed grass, Northern yellow-eyed grassXyris de montagne, Xyris des montagnes | Native, CoC: 10, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Xyris difformis Chapm. var. difformis1860. Xyris difformis  Chapm. 1860. Xyris elata  Chapm. 1966. Xyris difformis  var. difformis    auct. Xyris caroliniana  non Walter | Bog yellow-eyed grass, Carolina yellow-eyed grass, Southern yellow-eyed grass, Tall yellow-eyed grass, Two-formed yelloweyed-grassXyris difforme | Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Xyris torta Sm.1819. Xyris torta  Sm. 1913. Kotsjelottia flexuosa  Nieuwl. 1843. Xyris bulbosa  Kunth | Twisted yellow-eyed-grass, Slender yelloweyed-grass | Native, CoC: 10, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Xyris smalliana Nash1847. Xyris caroliniana  var. olneyi  Alph.Wood 1895. Xyris smalliana  Nash 1905. Xyris congdonii  Small 1937. Xyris smalliana  var. olneyi  Gleason ex Malme | Small's yellow-eyed grass | Native, CoC: 10, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Xyris bracteicaulis E.P.Bicknell ex L.M.Campb.2011. Xyris bracteicaulis  E.P.Bicknell ex L.M.Campb. | Bracted yelloweyed grass | Native, CoC: 10, No recent reports, Endemic OBL Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: |
| Genus Xyris (excluded species) | Yellow-eyed grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Xyris caroliniana Walter1788. Xyris caroliniana  Walter 1816. Xyris flexuosa  Muhl. ex Elliott 1843. Xyris torta  Kunth (i) 1871. Xyris conocephala  C.Wright 1901. Xyris torta  var. pallescens  C.Mohr 1903. Xyris pallescens  (C.Mohr) Small 1903. Xyris arenicola  Small (i) | Carolina yellow-eyed grass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ NYFA includes Xyris bracteicaulis as a newly described species, but NRCS lists it as a synonym of Xyris difformis. See Lisa M. Campbell (2012). "A recently described species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from Long Island, based on an historic herbarium specimen." Long Island Botanical Society Quarterly Newsletter. Vol. 22, No. 3. Published in: Lisa M. Campbell (2011). "'Xyris bracteicaulis', A New Species from the Coastal Plain of New York." Harvard Papers in Botany 16(1):49-51. 2011. ||||||