OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Voyeurism
## Legislation

   Voyeurism 162. (1) Every one commits an offence who, surreptitiously, observes — including by mechanical or electronic means — or makes a visual recording of a person who is in circumstances that give rise to a reasonable expectation of privacy, if
       (a) the person is in a place in which a person can reasonably be expected to be nude, to expose his or her genital organs or anal region or her breasts, or to be engaged in explicit sexual activity;
       (b) the person is nude, is exposing his or her genital organs or anal region or her breasts, or is engaged in explicit sexual activity, and the observation or recording is done for the purpose of observing or recording a person in such a state or engaged in such an activity; or
       (c) the observation or recording is done for a sexual purpose.
   ... Printing, publication, etc., of voyeuristic recordings (4) Every one commits an offence who, knowing that a recording was obtained by the commission of an offence under subsection (1), prints, copies, publishes, distributes, circulates, sells, advertises or makes available the recording, or has the recording in his or her possession for the purpose of printing, copying, publishing, distributing, circulating, selling or advertising it or making it available.
   Punishment (5) Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) or (4)
       (a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years; or
       (b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
   R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 162; R.S., 1985, c. 19 (3rd Supp.), s. 4; 2005, c. 32, s. 6.

## Ranges

* R. v. Desilva 2011 ONCJ 133 -- 7 months + 3 yrs probation -- offender made videos of sexual activity between him and partner without consent. Offender posted videos on facebook, and sent links of video to friends. convicted at trial of voyeurism and criminal harassment. Prior record with violence.* R. v. F.G., 2011 308 Nfld & P.E.I.R. 59 -- 3 month CSO + 3 yr probation -- secretly installed a video camera in 17 year old daughter’s bedroom, huge violation of privacy, recorded full frontal nudity, breach of trust, no record
* R. v. J.H.N., 2010 BCPC 155 -- S/S -- attended residence of two teenage girls repeatedly and watched them undress multiple times. No record, positive psych report
* R. v. S.M. 2010 ONCJ 347 || S/S + 18 mo || accused secretly videotaped consensual explicit sexual activity at a hotel room of ex-girlfriend. Offender was mature, well‑educated and successful. no prior criminal record. Offence required planning.
* R. v. Laskaris 2008 BCPC 130 -- discharge -- invasion of privacy, offender was dentist who places cameras in women’s washroom to monitor for theft from office, was in position of trust, no record.
* R. v. Grice 2008 ONCJ 476 -- S/S -- offender video taped estranged wife in bathroom. guilty plea, no prior record.
* R. v. Weinheimer 2007 ABPC 349 -- S/S -- offender secretly photographed 15 men in washroom at his work. Images were stored on computer with details on personal information. No evidence of distirbution, positive psych report.
# Canadian Criminal Sentencing/Offences/Unlawful Assembly and Rioting
## Legislation

   Punishment of rioter 65. Every one who takes part in a riot is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 66.
   Punishment for unlawful assembly 66. Every one who is a member of an unlawful assembly is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 67.
   Offences related to proclamation 68. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life who
       (a) opposes, hinders or assaults, wilfully and with force, a person who begins to make or is about to begin to make or is making the proclamation referred to in section 67 so that it is not made;
       (b) does not peaceably disperse and depart from a place where the proclamation referred to in section 67 is made within thirty minutes after it is made; or
       (c) does not depart from a place within thirty minutes when he has reasonable grounds to believe that the proclamation referred to in section 67 would have been made in that place if some person had not opposed, hindered or assaulted, wilfully and with force, a person who would have made it.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 69.
   Neglect by peace officer 69. A peace officer who receives notice that there is a riot within his jurisdiction and, without reasonable excuse, fails to take all reasonable steps to suppress the riot is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years.
   R.S., c. C-34, s. 70.
   – CCC
# Control Systems/All Versions

| The Wikibook of: Control Systems and Control Engineering | Table of Contents | All Versions | PDF Version |
| The Wikibook of: Control Systems and Control Engineering | | | Glossary |
This page is going to be used to maintain a list of all the different versions available for the Control Systems book. Each different version will contain different amounts of material presented in different orders. Each version will target a different audience. Instructors can pick and choose which versions best meet their needs and the needs of their students. Readers can choose to print only the particular information that they are interested in reading.
See the Discussion Page to discuss the child versions of this book. All child versions should include the {{Control Systems/Child}} template.
All printable versions contain the standard cover page, and all the necessary end-texts. Warning: Printable versions are typically very large pages, and can take a long time to load in your browser.

## Full Version

    This version is the full-text of the Control Systems book, presented in the same order as it is listed on the main TOC. This is the version that the PDF Version is derived from. Every page listed on the main TOC is included in this version. This is the "master version" of the book. Trying to open the PDF version in your browser might be slow, so right-click on the link above, and select "Save Target As". Print Version (it) Over 230 pages long PDF Version Over 2Mb Table of Contents

## Introductory Systems

    This version serves as a basic introduction to systems theory. Advanced topics, such as integral transforms and state-space domain are not covered in any detail. Topics covered include: System Identification System Metrics Block Diagrams Signal-Flow Diagrams Print Version (it) Over 60 pages long Table of Contents

## Classical Controls

    This version contains only the classical control methods, and limits the inclusion of modern control methods. This version will focus on integral transforms, and frequency response methods. System Identification Transforms (Laplace, Fourier, Z, Star) System Representation Stability Methods (Root Locus, Routh-Hurwitz, Nyquist) Controllers and Compensators Print Version (it) Over 175 Pages long Table of Contents

## Modern Controls

    This printable version focuses on the modern control methods, and attempts to minimize the inclusion of classical control methods. The primary focus of this version will be on state-space equations, solutions of state-space equations, and Lyapunov Stability methods. System Identification State-Space Equations System Representation Stability (Lyapunov Stability) Controllability, Observability Controllers, Compensators Print Version (it) Over 130 pages long Table of Contents

## Digital Controls

    This version will focus its study on digital control systems, focusing on the Z-transform, the use of digital systems with the state-space representation, jury's stability method, and other topics of interest to digital systems engineers. Print Version (it) Over 120 pages long Table of Contents
* Control Systems
# Control Systems/All pages

| The Wikibook of: Control Systems and Control Engineering | Table of Contents | All Versions | PDF Version |
| The Wikibook of: Control Systems and Control Engineering | | | Glossary |
This is a listing of all the pages in the Control Systems book:
See also: Category:Book:Control Systems. Pages listed above in italics are redirect pages, and can likely be deleted.

## Templates

Here is a list of templates used in this book:
* Template:Control Systems/Page
* Template:Control Systems/Stub
* Template:Control Systems/Nav

## Categories

* Category:Book:Control Systems
* Category:Book:Control Systems/Stubs
* Category:Book:Control Systems/Images
* Control Systems
# Continuum Mechanics/Stress Tensor

When you squeeze or pull on an object, you put stress on it. Imagine a rubber eraser that is being pressed or pulled. It is under stress.
The stress tensor is a way of describing the stress throughout the object precisely. The stress can vary from one point to another. For example, one side of the eraser might be pulled on (tensile stress) while the under is squeazed (compressive stress).
Normal Stress If normal stress is applied to a cube of elastic material, (and image for example that the stress is uniform throughout), the cube with stretch in the direction of the stress. (Figure) This stress could be applied in any direction or in more than one direction simultaneously. For a 3D object, it's sufficient to describe the normal stress with three numbers. That's a number that tells how it's pulled along the x direction, the y direction, and the z direction.
Shear Stress Shear stress applied to a cube of elastic material (imagine that the stress is uniform throughout), it will shear. (Figure) You can use six numbers to represent the shear of an object. Look at how much face A moves relative to B in the x direction and the y direction. Look at how face C moves relative to D in the _ direction and the _ direction. Look at how face E moves relative to F in the _ direction and the _ direction. (Figure)
Because of symmetry only three numbers are needed to represent the shear stress.
# Continuum Mechanics/Coordinates
## Systems of coordinates

* The system of coordinates is a mapping from manifold to area in Euclidean space. Under map we understand bijective smooth to both sides function, i.e. diffeomorphism.
* Jacobian is always unequal to zero.
* Coordinate curve
* Examples of curvilinear coordinates on manifolds: polar on 2-dimensional plane, spherical on 3-dimensional space, stereographic on 2-dimensional sphere; toroidal? elliptic? hyperbolic?; Cartesian.
* Let $x,y,z$ always be coordinates of points in Cartesian system and $x^{1},x^{2},x^{3}$ - coordinates of a point in arbitrary curvilinear system of coordinates (there may be any other letter instead of $x$ however).

## Lagrangian description
### Law of motion

* Law of motion of a point
* Motion of continuum
* Individualization of points of continuum
* Law of motion of continuum
* Lagrangian variables

### Properties of functions describing law of motion

* Continuity
* Example: water spray (discontinuity)
* Bijectivity; Jacobian
* Common properties of homeomorphisms

### Again about coordinate systems

* Observer reference frame
* Galileo principle of relativity
* Reference frame bound to continuum
* Essence of Lagrangian description
Stationary Spatial Coordinates
Stationary spatial coordinates are based on some stationary reference, like the building you are in. We use x,y,z when talking about stationary spatial coordinates.
Material Coordinates
With material coordinates, a certain reference state is chosen at time 0 (t=0). Each point in the material is assigned a label, which is its location at t=0. We use X,Y,Z when talking about material coordinates.
For example, suppose that g(X,Y,Z,t) tells you the temperature of an object in material coordinates. g(2,3,1,5) would be the temperature of the particle labeled (2,3,1) at t=5 which means that at t=0, the particle as at (2,3,1) in stationary spatial coordinates.
Material Derivative Example: The heat along a one dimensional fluid is defined as f(x,t). f is a function of stationary spacial coordinates, as indicated by the lower case letter x.
Let's consider what g(X,t) would be if it was also a description of the temperature of the same fluid but in material coordinates, as indicated by the upper case letter X.
g(X, t) = f(x, t)
For this to equation to have meaning, we needed to describe the relationship between x and X. Consider the x to be function of X and t, it is the location of the particle with label X at a particular time t.
x(X,t)
Note that x is dependent on time, t.
The material derivative of the temperature is a description of how the temperature changes at this one particular particle labeled X, (the particle moves as time passes). We want to take the partial derivative of g(X,t) with respect to t.
Considering x is dependent on t and using the chain rule, df/dt = df/dx dx/dt + df/dt dt/dt = df/dx dx/dt + df/dt
# Control Systems/Adaptive Control

| The Wikibook of: Control Systems and Control Engineering | Table of Contents | All Versions | PDF Version |
| The Wikibook of: Control Systems and Control Engineering | ← Estimators and Observers | State Machines → | Glossary |

## Adaptive Controllers

What we've been studying up till this point are fixed systems, that is systems that do not change over time. However, real-world applications and experience tells us that the environment can change over time: New noise can be added to a signal, the signal quality can be degraded, or the specifications of the signals can be changed at the source.
There is a distinct need then for controllers which can modify themselves to produce the same output regardless of changes to the input. Herein lies the problem of adaptive control. We will introduce some of the concepts in this chapter, and discuss them in greater detail in future chapters.
| ← Estimators and Observers | Control Systems | State Machines → |
# Citizenship and Nationality/China

This is for the People's Republic of China. See also Taiwan for the less recognized Republic of China.

## CITIZENSHIP

Citizenship information is based upon The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China (PRC), dated September 10, 1980. On December 20, 1999, Macao became a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. The citizenship laws concerning Macao are based on the Interpretations of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on the Implementation of the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China in the Macao Special Administrative Region, dated December 20, 1999.
* BY BIRTH
* Birth within the territory of the PRC does not automatically confer citizenship. The exception is a child born to unknown or stateless parents. (Article 6)
* BY DESCENT
** Child, at least one of whose parents is a Chinese citizen, regardless of the country of birth. (Article 4 and the beginning part of Article 5)
** Child born abroad, whose parents have settled abroad and the child has acquired the nationality of the parents’ new country, is not considered a citizen of the PRC. (Ending part of Article 5)
** Residents of Macao having a Chinese blood relationship, born on the territories of China (including Macao), as well as other persons of Chinese nationality, whether or not they hold Portuguese travel certificates or identity cards, are all Chinese citizens.
** Residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region having both a Chinese blood relationship and a Portuguese blood relationship may, in accordance with their personal wishes, choose either the nationality of the People’s Republic of China or the nationality of the Republic of Portugal. Selection of one of the nationalities shall mean the forgoing of the other nationality.
* BY NATURALIZATION

## LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP

* VOLUNTARY
** Voluntary renunciation of PRC citizenship is permitted by law, upon fulfillment of at least one of certain requirements. The requirements are:
** Person is a near relative of a foreign national.
** Person has already settled abroad.
** Person has other legitimate reasons. (Article 10)
** State functionaries and military personnel are not permitted to renounce PRC citizenship. (Article 12)
* INVOLUNTARY
** Any Chinese national who has settled abroad and who has been naturalized as a foreign national or has acquired foreign nationality of his own free will shall automatically lose Chinese nationality. (Article 9)
# Citizenship and Nationality/Taiwan

This is for the Republic of China based in Taiwan after 1949. See also the People's Republic of China based in Chinese Mainland since 1949.

## CITIZENSHIP

    Based on the Nationality Law of the Republic of China, dated February 5, 1929. (Fully amended on 9 February 2000 and partially amended several times later)
Citizenship is based primarily on descent from the father (jus sanguinis).
father died before birth.
** Child whose father is unknown or stateless but whose mother is a Taiwanese national. (The 2000 Law would make those born since 10 February 1980 also Taiwanese on descent from the mother.
** Child born out of wedlock to foreign woman and Taiwanese national father who has been legitimatized (recognized) by the father. (Section 2 of Article 2 of the 1928 Law has been merged into Clause 1 of Section 1 of Article 2 of the 2000 Law.)
* MARRIAGE: Person who is the foreign wife of a Taiwanese national, except when the law of her own country requires that she retain her original citizenship. foreign spouse who legally lives in Taiwan for 3 years may apply for naturalization. (Article 4 of the 2000 Law)
* BY NATURALIZATION: Citizenship of Taiwan, Republic of China, can be acquired upon fulfillment of the following conditions: Person has resided in the territory for at least five years, has reached the age of 20 years, is of good character, and has sufficient property or skill to make an independent living. (Article 3 of the 2000 Law)
* The spouse and non-majority age children of a naturalized citizen acquire the Taiwanese
citizenship unless it is contrary to the law of the spouse’s, or children's, original country. is applying together. (Article 7 of the 2000 Law)

## DUAL CITIZENSHIP

    NOT RECOGNIZED. (Article 9 of the 2000 Law: Unless born Taiwanese)

## LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP

* VOLUNTARY: Voluntary renunciation of Taiwanese citizenship is permitted for any persons over the age of 20, except for… (Articles 11 and 12 of the 1928 and 2000 Laws)
** Persons of military age who have not yet performed their service (Certain exemptions apply to certain overseas Taiwanese since the 2000 Law)
** Persons who are in active military service
** Persons who hold military or civilian office.
* INVOLUNTARY: The following is grounds for involuntary loss of Taiwanese citizenship:
** Voluntary acquisition of foreign citizenship. A Taiwanese woman who acquires foreign citizenship through marriage may return to Taiwan as a citizen if the marriage dissolves or she is widowed. (No longer relevant since the 2000 Law.)
** Naturalized citizen fails to renounce previous citizenship without official exemption. (Section 2 of Article 9 of the 2016 Law)
** Naturalized citizenship was obtained through fraud or false statement. (Article 19 of the 2000 Law)
# Citroën Berlingo Electrique/Owner's Manual

This provides a place to hold owner's manual information for the Citroën Berlingo Electrique.

## Ignition On Mode

When the ignition is switched on no additional lights are displayed (other than the parking brake and the [Stop] light. This is unusual for a car and means that it is not easy to check the bulb status.

## Driving Tips

When using regenerative braking the brake lights do not illuminate. Care should be taken be taken when decelerating quickly using regenerative braking that cars following have sufficient notice, maybe by lightly touching the brakes to operate the brake lights.

## The Electrical Fault Lamp

The original manual says that the Electrical Fault Lamp
* Comes on when a fault is detected by the ECU.
* Contact an approved dealer as soon as possible to switch of the lamp.
The lamp may sometimes be reset by performing a complete charge.

## External links

* Original owner's manual - click "Manuals"
# Citroën XM

This service manual is created and maintained by XM users to document service procedures for the Citroёn XM.
Nearly everything is within the reach of a well-equipped home mechanic, and basic maintenance (oil change, ignition, etc.) will give no surprises to anyone who has serviced a car before.

## Typical Problems

Most of these can be avoided with regular and timely maintenance.
* Failure of the ZF automatic gearbox if oil changes are neglected,
* Electrical problems with the heater, ABS (automatic braking system), fuel injection and Hydractive suspension caused by poor connections around the battery fusebox in the engine compartment and multipoint earthing blocks (S1 cars, best replaced with a bolted through earth)
* Overheating leading to head gasket failure in diesel models. The main cause of gasket failure is not replacing the coolant anti freeze 5 yearly - dilute with distilled water.
* Failure of the dot matrix warning panel on Series 2 cars. Note that the display is backlit and failure of the bulbs means that the display is blank. Replace the bulbs along with the speedo unit bulbs.
* Rear swinging arm bearing failure is rare unless towing or driving on rough surfaces.
* Front droplinks tend to wear in the lower joint at 50,000 miles or so.
* Overheating caused by rusted fan relays behind headlights
* Loss of dipped beam caused by rusted relays behind headlights
* Bad starting of 2.1 diesels due to air being drawn into the fuel lines through the fuel heater unit which is fixed to the left end of the cylinder head. The fuel filter unit will collect air over a period - being worse in cold weather.
* The electric sunroof mechanism seizes but can be lubricated with the sunroof open by unscrewing the plastic cover over the drive cable.
* Suspension ride becoming firm over time. This can be avoided by regassing all 8 spheres every 3 years. To keep the anti-lean feature for cornering, and the correct softness of ride, the suspension and centre spheres ought to be regassed as a set. Changing the LHM every 3 years will also improve the ride.
* Braking becoming firmer. This is overcome by bleeding the brakes and ABS cell every 3 years.

## External links

* Haynes (UK) commercial service guide