OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gambas/Array

Back to Gambas

## A simple array

An array is a list, filled with variables of the same type.
* You can fill an array with all the weekdays of a week.
* You can fill an array with the name of all the months of a year.
* You can fill it with the names of a class in your school.
* You can fill it with the numbers 0-9 and so on.
Arrays will shorten the length of your code, because all the members of the array can be reached with one loop. Every element of an array can be reached by its position in the array. Be careful: The first variable has the position zero.
Example:
The following list of names shall be stored in an array
Jack, John , Anne , Alice
You can use the array command for that. The output is done with a for-each loop.
The program: You need a form and a commandbutton to get it going.

## The Array command

The Array command is used with the following syntax:
It creates an array and returns it. The type of the array is the type of the first expression. The other expressions are automatically converted. You can use the square bracket syntax as an alternative to the Array subroutine.
Examples
> Float
> String
> A/B/C

## The Addy program

In the following example an array is filled with integers. Then the elements are looked up in a for-each loop and added together. This miniprogram calculates the sum of a row of integers. You need 1 textarea, 1 textbox and 1 commandbutton to get the program going. You can also add negative integers. Very helpful is the Splitcommand and the Stringarray String
The Code:
When you start the programm, you can fill any number into the textarea. When you want to add another number just push the RETURN button.

## The Split command

This command splits a string into substrings delimited by Separators . Escape characters can be specified: any separator characters enclosed between two escape characters are ignored in the splitting process.
Note that Split takes only three arguments: if you want to use several separators, you should pass them as the second parameter, concatenated in a single string. By default, the comma character is the separator, and there are no escape characters. This function returns a string array filled with each detected substring.
Example: you need a command button on your form to get it going.
Output in the terminal window:
# Galileo's Science/Astronomy

Galileo made important discoveries in astronomy which directly opposed Aristotelian physics and the Ptolemaic system, which was based on Aristotelian principles. He made extensive use of his improved telescopes to observe the night sky. These discoveries were first published in 1610, in his book Sidereus Nuncius (“The Starry Messenger”).
According to Aristotle, the Moon and other heavenly bodies are made of quintessence, which never changes, and are perfectly spherical. Galileo disproved this theory when he observed that the Moon has craters and mountains on its surface with his telescope.
He also observed four satellites revolving around Jupiter, the “Galilean moons.” This opposed Aristotle, who held the theory that everything in the universe orbits around the Earth.
← Mechanics · Technology →
# Galileo's Science/Natural Philosophy

Aristotle and Natural Philosophy
Aristotle(384 BC – 322 BC) was the greatest philosopher of ancient Greece.He had discussed almost all the branches of knowledge.Studying Nature was essentially one of his principal interest.Knowledge of nature or natural philosophy is physis in Greek from which the word Physics derived.Aristotle covered this in his several works such as Physics, On The Heavens, Meteorology etc.He set the principles of natural philosophy in Metaphysics.
Aristotle proposed four elements of which all natural objects on earth consist of.They are Air, Water, Earth and Fire.He also proposed that the heavenly bodies or objects in the sky(stars, planets, moon etc.) are completely independent of earth and they are made of another completely different thing called quintessence.Quintessence itself and objects made of it do not change with time or any other cause.
Aristotle assumed earth as the center of the universe, according to him all objects in the universe rotates around earth.
According to Aristotle every event is lead by a cause and principal objective of natural philosophy is to find causes behind events.
According to Aristotle's dynamics the natural state of all body is static, everything tends to be static.Some force applied on an object makes it moving or an object gains velocity if force is applied.When the force is withdrawn objects eventually return to their natural state or become static.Mathematically Aristotle says force(F) is proportional to velocity(v) or $F\propto v$ which is completely contradictory to the modern view that force(F) is proportional to acceleration(a) or $F\propto a$
But Natural Philosophy was gradually proving unable to describe nature. Some doctrines (like Copernicus` Heliocentric Model of the solar system) against it was growing outside universities.
Physics →
# Gambas
## Contents
### Starting

* Preface
* Introduction
* Installation
* First Steps
* Helpful
* Comments
* Assignments
* Hello World

### Applications

* Mathematics and Statistics
* Graphics in Gambas
* Colours used in Gambas
* Programming the Mouse
* Output
* Textwork in Gambas
* Clipboard
* Time and Date
* Sound in Gambas
* The Gambas toolbox
* Gridview
* Standard dialogues
* Comments on the Gambas built in Examples
* Build a simple text editor

### Coding

* Arrays
* Basic Arithmetic Operations
* Branches: If then , Select case
* Constants
* Loops: For to , For each , do until
* Subroutines
* String manipulation—Concatenation, string search and replace
* Environment variables and command line parameters
* File handling
* Checks and returns True or False if a File or Dir exists
* Object Oriented Programming in Gambas
* Operators
* Variable declarations, Dimensioning

### References

* Concept Index
* Function Reference
* Useful Modules
* Quick reference cards
* Websites

### Supplements

* Predefined Constants in Gambas
* List of Gambas Commands
* Add new Components to Gambas
* Differences between Gambas and VB
* Error Messages
* Difficulties learning Gambas
* Frequently Asked Questions
* Links to Gambas
# Gambas/Assignments
## Equal or not equal

In gambas the = sign is used differently than it is in mathematics. It is used to assign a value to a variable.
When the equal sign shows up in the code, you should always think of it as:
* It is assigned
* A place in computer memory is reserved for the variable
* Fill the memory with this value
Then you will not run into illogical conclusions.
The following code is correct in Gambas. Try it out. What is the result?
Translated to natural language this says:
Maybe the first person who started assignment in computers came from Arabia. Perhaps this is why we have to read the line from the right to left.
By the way: the result is 20.
How does this work in a little program: You need one command button to get the program going. The result is shown in the terminal window.
A math teacher would not like these equations, but in Gambas (or in basic in general) it is correct. Of course, you could make things clearer by using two different variables.
The line
is not an assignment. It is a declaration of a variable as a datatype. In this case a is of the datatype integer.

## Theory of the assignment

The following code shows you in general the method of assignment:
Assigns the value of an expression to one of the following elements. :
* A local variable.
* A function parameter.
* A global (class) variable.
* An array slot.
* An object public variable.
* An object property.
Example

## See Also

* Variable declarations
* Combination Assignment Operators
# Gambas/Branch

Back to Gambas

## What are branches in a program?

A branch is a point at which your program must make a choice. With these structures, it is possible to make programs that can have multiple outcomes. There are mainly two branching methods:
* if then and ist variations
* select case

## If...Then statement

The if then branch works quite the same as it is used in natural language. If something is true , then make something. If it is not true then just continue.
Try this little example: You just need a command button on your form to get it going. The output is shown in the terminal window.
Try to alter the program so that the output is shown in a textbox. You have to add a textbox to your form. You will find it with F6 in your toolbox. Then you have to change the code, so that the print command is exchanged.

## If...Then...Else...End if

You can modify the if-then construction by adding some other commands like else and end if. Here is another example with an else and end if command in it. You just need a command button on your form to get it going.
The program counts from 1 to 6000 . When the number 5000 is reached , you get a message in the terminal window.
You have to be aware of the right outline , otherwise it wont work.
Here is another example using the toggle button: It shows a message without a messagebox and the message can be copied into the clipboard. You need a toggle button and a textarea to get it going. You should change the property of the textarea to
* Visible = false
When you click the button then the text will appear. When you click once again, the text will disappear.

## Select Case

If you want to branch and you have more than 2 possible answers, then you can use the select-case command. Try this little example to get used to it. You just need an empty form to get it going. The output will be done in the terminal window.
# Galician/Lesson 2/Introducing yourself

Galicians have fame of being reserved and cold mood, but far from popular misconceptions, Galician people are very warm and talkative, once the initial ice is melt. They like to talk about the weather (not always on their liking) about the marvelous of their land and what is worth to see and visit and if that fails, of course about their region food would be an eloquent enough topic.
To start a conversation most of the time is enough with a
Ola, bos dias / Boa tarde / Boas! = Hello, good morning / good afternoon(/evening) / (Reduction of previous forms valid for any occasion)
which, depending on the skills and enthusiasm of the saluter, it will be answered with:
Boas / Bo dia (, qué se lle ofrece?) / e ti/vostede de onde ven sendo? = Good day (, what can i do for you?) / (may I know) where are you come from?
# Galileo's Science

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is probably the most important individual for the birth of Science. He was born in a time when Aristotle's natural philosophy was dominant in the study of nature. Until then it was known as the only and best way to know the nature. A basic understanding of Aristotle's natural philosophy will help understanding Galileo's circumstance.
This book is intended to discuss his life-long effort to refute natural philosophy and found a new basis for Science. It will be discussed through his important discoveries and quotations. The book is divided into the following chapters:
* Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
* Physics
* Mechanics
* Mathematics
* Astronomy
* Technology

## References

* Drake, Stillman (2001). Galileo: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.

## Links

* Discussion on Metaphysics of Galileo Galilei & the Orbital Motion of the Earth about the Sun at Space and Motion.com
* Galileo Gailei`s Notes on Motion at Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence
* Project Galileo at Rice University
* Galileo at Wikipedia
* Galileo at Wikisource
# Gambas/Arithmetic
## Basic Arithmetic Operations

It's similar to other programming languages.
Use the Float datatype when you calculate values!
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 11

Today in 2008 Library Genesis was launched.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 16

Today in 2015 the Library Freedom Project was incorporated. It was started by Alison Macrina.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 19

Today in 2007 the Free Software Foundation published the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL).
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# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 12

Today is the birthday of Jude Milhon. She was a civil rights and cyber activist and senior editor at Mondo 2000, coined the term cypherpunk and co-created the bulletin board system Community Memory. She had significant influence on the hacker ethic.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 13

Today in 1997 the UK’s fixed book price agreement (“Net Book Agreement”) was ruled to be anti-competitive and therefore against the public interest. In other countries such monopolies persist.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 15

Today in 1985 the first (non-toplevel) Internet domain name was registered. While contributing to the success of the Internet through more human-friendly addresses, the Domain Name System also introduced a hierarchical Achilles heel to the originally decentralized Internet, since each computer holding a list of every other was considered impractical. Distributed hash tables brought a solution to this problem 16 years later.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 17

Today in 2006 Jack Goldsmith & Tim Wu published Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 14

Today in 2000 was the initial release of Gnutella, the first decentralized peer-to-peer file-sharing system. It had several offshoots, such as Foxy, which is popular in Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Peer-to-peer technology brought back the promise of democratization that was seen in the decentralized design of the Internet (routing). Its most iconic application was music file sharing.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 18

Nous sommes non seulement consommateurs mais aussi créateurs. Out of a need for visibility for Africans as creators, Made in Nigeria was launched today in 2017 to showcase software tools of global relevance that are made by Nigerians. It quickly took off when it was announced on Twitter two days later and spawned a wave of similar lists for other African countries.
Talent and brains are a major export of Africa, and the technology sector and Open Source (web) development are booming, especially in Nigeria, the world’s fastest-growing Open Source contributer region in 2020. Yet locals struggle to be recognized as creators and not just seen as passive consumers or even victims, with perceptions of Africans shaped by stereotypes and systemic racism rooted in colonialism. People regularly have to clarify that Africa is a whole continent, not just a country. Although Free Software is all about community, there was actually little diversity.
← previous day · following day →
# Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/March 2

Today in 1791 the first semaphore telegraph transmission took place in France on what developed into the Chappe network. It eventually extended over 4,800 km.
← previous day · following day →
# Guide to X11/Window Managers/w9wm

    Type: Stacking
    Language: C
    Licence: 9wm

### Features

Features of the *w9wm* window manager are:
* Uses the xlib toolkit
* Useless windowborders do not provide windowmotion
* A rightclick on the desktop gives a contextmenu that provides windowmotion and facility to launch a terminal emulator
* No menubar
* No titlebars
* Multiple desktop facilities
* No maximize facility
* No desktop shortcuts
* No desktop wallpaper
* No theme support
* No xkeys support
* A three-button mouse is required
* Uses a clickfocus model
* No additional taskswitching facility
* Applications launched via a terminal only
* Has a limit of to 32 hidden windows
* Lightweight - Has few dependencies and rated as a pinhammer on the hammer scale
* Supports focusstealing by failing the launch test, giving focus to window placement facility
* Not accessibility friendly - utilizes middleclick, rightclick and has no keyboard equivalents for some operations and provides support for focusstealing

### Resizing Windows

The w9wm window manager does not provide the facility to maximize a window: windowmotion is provided via a rightlick context menu: To resize a window, rightclick desktop or window border, reshape, rightclick: border, rightclick a corner position, drag to size.

### Review
#### Operation

The w9wm window manager is awkward to use because every new window has to be swept out before it can appear on the desktop and it is necessary to access a context menu on the desktop to move or resize windows. There is no facility to maximize windows.

#### Accessibility

9wm is not accessibility friendly because it requires a multibutton mouse and there is no keyboard equivalents for some operations. The following [accessibility] restrictions apply to this window manager:
* Requires a multi-button mouse
* Requires middleclick functionality for some operations
* Requires rightclick functionality for some operations
* Has no keyboard equivalents for some operations

### Dependencies

9wm is dependent on the following xlib libraries:
* libx11-6
* libxext6

### Resources used

* VIRT | RES | SHR | %CPU | %MEM
* 2736 | 1240 | 2532 | 0.0 | 0.2
# Guide to X11/Window Managers/wm2

Type: Stacking Language: Licence: BSD

## Features

* Window decorations include a vertical titlebar
* Titlebars have a menu button
* Support for wallpaper
# Guide to the Godot game engine/Contributors

Guide to the Godot game engine
<-- Helpful links Contributors
Skip to bottom
This list is updated automatically by AuthorsAndContributorsBot. Please do not update it manually.
* L10nM4st3r (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Mbrickn (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
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* Darklilac (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
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## Guide to the Godot game engine

    Getting started
       Installation
       What is a node?
       Programming
       Resources and importing
       Signals and methods
       Your first game
    Making it work
       Debugging
       Input
       Physics
       Saving and loading
       Multiplayer
    Making it look good
       UI skinning
       Animation
    Advanced help
       Servers (singletons)
       Platform specific
       Optimisation
       Encryption
       Exporting
       Plugins
    Miscellaneous
       Helpful links
       Authors and contributors
       Print version
<-- previous back to top
# Guide to X11/Window Managers/tinywm

tinywm is a tiny, very simple window manager.
# Guide to X11/Window Managers/vtwm

Type: stacking Language: Licence:
The Virtual Tab Window Manager is a configurable reparenting window manager that is almost identical twm, except that it includes support for multiple desktops.

## Features of vtwm

* A stacking window manager
* Written in C
* Uses the xlib toolkit
* opensource and freely available
* No menubar
* Lightweight - Has few dependencies
* Support for multiple desktops

## Dependencies

twm is dependent on the following xlib libraries:
* libx11-6
* libxext6

## Resources used

VIRT RES SHR %CPU %MEM
# Guide to X11/Xt Clients
## Xt Clients

Some X clients are Xt clients, that is, they use the X Toolkit Intrinsics. This is a mechanism to divide a window into smaller windows called widgets such as buttons and menus. You can configure these widgets using X resources.
For example, a typical "xterm" window contains a scroll bar and the emulated screen of the terminal. The "xman" program, for viewing manual pages, contains three widgets of buttons on its tiny main screen. By using the "Manual Page" button, you obtain a larger window with several widgets: menu buttons, a scroll bar, and a text box containing the manual page.
However, developers of libraries like GTK+ and Qt have decided not to use these intrinsics. Thus, X resources are not available to GTK+ and Qt programs.
The X resources are settings that you write in a text file in a certain syntax and then load with xrdb.

### xrdb

To set X resources, you need to put them in some text file like ~/.Xresources and then load it with:
There is a difference between "XTerm.resource" and "xterm.resource".
If you want one xterm to use the resources "GameTerm.resource" instead of "XTerm.resource", you would start it with:

### xrdb with standard input

You can also input resources using standard input.

### xterm

xterm has menus. You must hold Control and click with mouse button 1, 2, or 3.
This page or section of Guide to X11 is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Guide to the Godot game engine/Authors & Contributors

This list is updated automatically by AuthorsAndContributorsBot. Please do not update it manually.
* L10nM4st3r (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Mbrickn (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Mrjulesd (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
* Atcovi (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
* Darklilac (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Xania (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
* 1234qwer1234qwer4 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Daev (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Jellysandwich0 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* Kaltenmeyer (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfp · rights [change])
* SHB2000 (discuss · contribs · count · logs · block log · rfps · rights [change])
# GENtle/Enter sequence

This dialog to enter a sequence manually can be invoked via File/Enter sequence or Ctrl-N.
Beside the sequence, to be typed or pasted into the large text box, one can enter a title (name) for that sequence, and choose a type.
Types available are:
* DNA
* Amino acid sequence
* GenBank
* (GenBank) XML
* Primer
When chosing DNA, amino acids, or primer, all non-sequence characters, like blanks and numbers, are automatically removed.
    Note : A primer has to be given the type "Primer", otherwise it will be added as DNA.