# Flora of New York/Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae

| ← Asparagales (2) Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae | Flora of New York — Asparagales (3) Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae | Flora of New York — Asparagales (3) Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae | Flora of New York — Asparagales (3) Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae | Flora of New York — Asparagales (3) Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae | → Poales (1) Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae |
| ← Asparagales (2) Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Poales (1) Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae |
| Superorder | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| lilioid monocots | Dioscoreales | Nartheciaceae | — | — | Aletris | colic root | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Dioscoreales | Nartheciaceae | — | — | Narthecium | asphodel | x |
| lilioid monocots | Dioscoreales | Dioscoreaceae | Dioscoreoideae | — | Dioscorea | yam | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Colchicaceae | — | Uvularieae | Uvularia | bellwort | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Colchicaceae | — | Colchiceae | Colchium | autumn crocus | x |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Melanthium | bunchflower | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Veratrum | false hellebore | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Anticlea | death camas | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Amianthium | fly poison | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Melanthieae | Stenanthium | featherbells | 6 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Heloniadeae | Helonias | swamp pink | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Chionographideae | Chamaelirium | fairywand, devil's bit | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Melanthiaceae | — | Parideae | Trillium | trillium, wake-robin | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Smilacaceae | — | — | Smilax | greenbrier | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Calochortoideae | — | Streptopus | twisted stalk | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Calochortoideae | — | Prosartes | fairy bells | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Medeoloideae | — | Clintonia | bluebead | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Medeoloideae | — | Medeola | Indian cucumber | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Lilioideae | Tulipeae | Tulipa | wild tulip | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Lilioideae | Lilieae | Erythronium | trout lily | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Liliales | Liliaceae | Lilioideae | Lilieae | Lilium | lily | 6 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Vanilloideae | Pogonieae | Pogonia | snakemouth orchid | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Vanilloideae | Pogonieae | Isotria | fiveleaf orchid | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Cypripedioideae | — | Cypripedium | lady's slipper | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Neottieae | Epipactis | helleborine | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Neottieae | Neottia | twayblade | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Triphoreae | Triphora | noddingcaps | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Arethuseae | Arethusa | dragon's mouth | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Malaxideae | Liparis | widelip-orchid | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Malaxideae | Malaxis | adder's-mouth-orchid | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Maxillarieae | Corallorhiza | coralroot | 6 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Maxillarieae | Aplectrum | Adam and Eve | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Calypsoeae | Calypso | fairy slipper | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Epidendroideae | Calypsoeae | Tipularia | cranefly orchid | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Amerorchis | roundleaf orchis | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Coeloglossum | frog-orchid | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Galearis | galearis | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Orchideae | Platanthera | fringed-orchid | 18 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Cranichideae | Goodyera | rattlesnake-plantain | 3 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Orchidaceae | Orchidoideae | Cranichideae | Spiranthes | ladies'-tresses | 14 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Hypoxidaceae | — | — | Hypoxis | eastern yellow stargrass | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Iridaceae | Iridoideae | Irideae | Iris | iris | 10 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Iridaceae | Iridoideae | Sisyrinchieae | Sisyrinchium | blue-eyed grass | 7 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Iridaceae | Crocoideae | Ixiae | Crocus | crocus | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asphodelaceae | Hemerocallidoieae | Hemerocallideae | Hemerocallis | daylily | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Allioideae | Allieae | Allium | garlic, onion, leek, chives | 14 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidoideae | Narcisseae | Narcissus | daffodil | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidoideae | Galantheae | Galanthus | snowdrop | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidoideae | Galantheae | Leucojum | snowflake | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Ornithogaleae | Ornithogalum | star-of-Bethlehem | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Chionodoxa | glory of the snow | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Hyacinthoides | English-bluebell | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Muscari | grape-hyacinth | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Scilloideae | Hyacintheae | Scilla | squill | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Agavoideae | Agaveae | Yucca | Adam's needle | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Agavoideae | Agaveae | Hosta | plantain lily | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Agavoideae | Agaveae | Camassia | Atlantic camas | 0 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Asparagoideae | — | Asparagus | asparagus | 1 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Nolinoideae | Convallarieae | Convallaria | lily-of-the-valley | 2 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Nolinoideae | Polygonateae | Maianthemum | mayflower | 4 |
| lilioid monocots | Asparagales | Asparagaceae | Nolinoideae | Polygonateae | Polygonatum | Solomon's-seal | 3 |

## Family Amaryllidaceae

The Amaryllidaceae (family)...

### Subfamily Allioideae

* Subfamily Allioideae

#### Tribe Allieae

* Tribe Allieae

##### Allium

* The genus Allium contains species known variously as garlic, onions, leeks, and chives

###### Allium subg. Anguinum

* Allium tricoccum wild leeks, rampsSubgenus Anguinum contains the native wild leeks, also known as ramps.
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Anguinum :
| Genus Allium subg. Anguinum | Wild leeks | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Allium tricoccum Aiton1789. Allium tricoccum Aiton 1808. Allium triflorum Raf. 1822. Ophioscorodon tricoccum (Aiton) Wallr. 1840. Aglitheis tricoccum (Aiton) Raf. 1903. Validallium tricoccum (Aiton) Small | Common wild leek ⓘ Wild leek ⓘ Ramps ⓘ Ramp ⓘ Small white leek ⓘ Small wild leek ⓘ Wood leek ⓘ Ail des bois ⓘ Ail sauvage ⓘ Ail trilobé | Native, CoC: 8, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: FLNPS |
| Allium burdickii (Hanes) A.G.Jones1953. Allium tricoccum  var. burdickii  Hanes 1979. Allium burdickii  (Hanes) A.G.Jones | Narrow-leaf wild leek, Burdick's wild leek, RampAil de Burdick | Native, CoC: 8, Endangered, No recent reports, DEC-A | NYFA: Z | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

###### Allium subg. Amerallium

Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Amerallium :
| Genus Allium subg. Amerallium | Onion | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Allium canadense L. var. canadense1753. Allium canadense L. 1840. Geboscon acetabulum Raf. 1903. Allium continuum Small 1957. Allium acetabulum (Raf.) Shinners | Meadow garlic, Canadian onion, Canadian garlic, Wild onion | Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 5, 2n = 21, 28 | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies Note: FLNPS |
| Allium cernuum Roth var. cernuum | Nodding onion | Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, DEC-B, S2, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 14 | NYFA: 6 counties | USDA-NN FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies Note: FLNPS |
| Allium neapolitanum Cirillo | Naples garlic Neapolitan garlic White garlicAil de Naples | Introduced from  Old-World Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: Bronx, Rensselaer | USDA-X0 FSUS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened. ||||||

###### Allium subg. Cepa

* Allium schoenoprasum L. wild chivesChives (Allium schoenoprasum) is a circumboreal species. Although escapes of these widely-cultivated plants are common, natural populations are now considered to be endangered in New York. There is no reliable way to distinguish between native and cultivated chives except subjectively by habitat. The New York Flora Atlas suggests: "Native populations grow on rocky ledges and shores adjacent to rivers, and on alvar. Nonnative populations are persistent from former cultivation or occasionally naturalize in fields, thickets, roadsides, and other disturbed areas."
* ↑ David Werier et al. (2024). Allium schoenoprasum L. New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Cepa :
| Genus Allium subg. Cepa sect. Schoenoprasum | Chives | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Allium schoenoprasum L.1753. Allium schoenoprasum  L. in… 1771. Allium sibiricum  L. in… 1843. Allium schoenoprasum  var. sibiricum  (L.) Hartm. in… 1926. Allium schoenoprasum  var. laurentianum  Fernald  in… | Wild chives | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, Note, S1, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb | | NYFA: 17 counties iNat: 33 counties | USDA-Both POWO Go Botany FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Allium subg. Cepa sect. Cepa | Onions | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Allium cepa L. | Garden onion, Cultivated onion | Introduced, Not naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-C0 Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ USDA-NRCS PLANTS shows Allium schoenoprasum var. schoenoprasum as introduced in North America, but not present in NY. It shows var. sibiricum as native to North America, present in NY, and threatened in MI, MN, and NH. The New York Flora Atlas treats these varieties as cultivars and gives the species a state-exotic status. Flora of North America treats the species as a polymorphic North American native, with no reliable varietal separations. ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017:Changes Since the June 2010 Rare Plant Status Lists: Taxa added to the Active List: Allium schoenoprasum G5 S1 ||||||

###### Allium subg. Allium

Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Allium :
| Genus Allium subg. Allium sect. Allium | Garlic & Leeks | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Allium vineale L. | Wild garlic, Wild onion, Onion-grass | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives, NE-3 | | NYFA: X GBIF | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Allium sativum L.var. ophioscorodon | Hardneck garlic | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Allium sphaerocephalon L. | Round-head garlic | Introduced | | NYFA: X | Images Wikispecies |
| Allium porrum L. | Leek | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Allium subg. Allium (excluded taxa) | Garlic & Leeks | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Allium oleraceum L. | Wild garlic | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XW Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Allium sativum L.var. sativum | Garlic | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Allium paniculatum L.var. paniculatum | Mediterranean onion | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Allium ampeloprasum L. | Broadleaf wild leek, Broad-leaved wild leek | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ||||||

### Subamily Amaryllidoideae

* The Amaryllidoideae (amaryllis subfamily)...

#### Tribe Narcisseae
##### Narcissus

* Narcissus × incomparabilis
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Narcisseae — Narcissus :
| Genus Narcissus | Daffodil | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Narcissus poeticus L. ssp. poeticus1753. Narcissus poeticus  L. in… 1792. Narcissus angustifolius  Curtis ex Haw. in… 1796. Narcissus patellaris  Salisb. in… 1812. Narcissus recurvus  Haw. in… 1838. Autogenes poeticus  (L.) Raf. in… | Poet’s narcissus, Pheasant’s-eye narcissus, Daffodil | Introduced, Cultivated, Persisting, Naturalizing rarely, SNA, GNR Perennial, Herb | | NYFA: 8 counties iNat: 29 counties GBIF | USDA-XX POWO FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. 1753 | Daffodil, Common daffodil, Trumpet narcissus | Introduced, from Eurasia, Macaronesia | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS FNAFNA Images Wikispecies |
| Narcissus × incomparabilis Mill. (pro sp.)[ poeticus × pseudonarcissus ] | Hybrid daffodil ⓘ Nonesuch daffodil ⓘ | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Narcissus (excluded taxa) | Daffodil | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Narcissus jonquilla L. | Jonquil, Daffodil | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Galantheae

* Tribe Galantheae contains the three genera: Acis, Galanthus, and Leucojum.
* ↑ Larsen, Maja Mellergaard; Adsersen, Anne; Davis, Aaron P.; Lledó, M. Dolores; Jäger, Anna K.; Rønsted, Nina (October 2010). "Using a phylogenetic approach to selection of target plants in drug discovery of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting alkaloids in Amaryllidaceae tribe Galantheae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38 (5): 1026–1034. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2010.10.005.

##### Leucojum

* Leucojum aestivumSnowflakes in the genus Leucojum worldwide now include only summer snowflakes (L. aestivum) and spring snowflakes (L. vernum), of which only summer snowflakes are known to naturalize in New York. Other snowflakes previously in Leucojum are now placed in Acis Salisb. (1807) but none of those are known to naturalize in North America.
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Galantheae — Leucojum :
| Genus Leucojum | Snowflake | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Leucojum aestivum L.1759. Leucojum aestivum  L. in… 1790. Nivaria monadelphia  Medik. in… 1802. Nivaria aestivalis  Moench in… | Summer snowflake ⓘ Loddon-lily ⓘ Giant snowflake ⓘ Nivéole d'été ⓘ | Introduced from  Europe,  temperate Asia, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: , Naturalized | | NYFA: 9 counties iNat: 30 counties | USDA-XX POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Leucojum (excluded taxa) | Snowflake | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Leucojum vernum L.1753. Leucojum vernum L. 1785. Galanthus vernus (L.) All. 1794. Nivaria verna (L.) Moench 1837. Erinosma verna (L.) Herb. 1889. Leucojum vernum  var. biflorum  1889 | Spring snowflake | Introduced, N.Y. excluded | | excluded NYFA-Excluded | Kew WCSP ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

##### Galanthus

* Galanthus nivalis
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Galantheae — Galanthus :
| Genus Galanthus | Snowdrop | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Galanthus nivalis L.1753. Galanthus nivali  L. 1839. Galanthus imperati  Bertol. 1888. Galanthus nivalis  ssp. imperati  Baker | Snowdrop, Common snowdropPerceneige | Introduced, from Eurasia | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN FNA IUCN Red List: NT Images Wikispecies |
| Galanthus elwesii Hook.f.1875. Galanthus elwesii Hook.f. 1882. Galanthus graecus Orph. ex Boiss. | Giant snowdrop, Greater snowdrop | Introduced from  Eurasia, from Eurasia | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |

## Family Asparagaceae
### Subfamily Scilloideae
#### Tribe Ornithogaleae
##### Ornithogalum

* Ornithogalum umbellatumOrnithogalum (Star of Bethlehem) is a large old-world genus with a number of species that have been introduced to North America. The most widely naturalized are Ornithogalum umbellatum and Ornithogalum nutans, both of which are found in New York and considered to be invasive.
* ↑ Ornithogalum, Flora of North America, Vol. 26, 2003.
* ↑ Ornithogalum, New York Flora Atlas, New York Flora Association, 2023
* ↑ Nodding Star-of-Bethlehem, Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas, Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Ornithogaleae — Ornithogalum :
| Genus Ornithogalum | Star of Bethlehem | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ornithogalum umbellatum L.1753. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. | Common star-of-Bethlehem, Pyrenees Star of Bethlehem, Nap-at-noon, Sleepy dickDame de onze heures | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Moderately invasive | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Ornithogalum nutans L.1753. Ornithogalum nutans L. | Drooping star-of-Bethlehem, Nodding star-of-Bethlehem | Introduced from  Eurasia, Highly invasive | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Hyacintheae
##### Subribe Hyacinthinae
###### Scilla

* Scilla siberica
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae :
| Genus Scilla | Scilla | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Scilla siberica Andrews1804. Scilla siberica Andrews 1804. Scilla siberica Haw. 1998. Othocallis siberica (Haw.) Speta | Siberian squill, Wood squill | Introduced from  Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized | NYFA: 9 counties GBIF | USDA-X ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta1844. Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. 1899. Chionodoxa gigantea Whittall 1971. Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta | Boissier's glory-of-the-snow ⓘ Glory of the snow Lucile's glory of the snow | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA FAC Perennial, Herb | NYFA: 2 counties iNat: 12 counties | USDA-X0 FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Scilla forbesii (Baker) Speta    Chionodoxa forbesii Baker     Scilla forbesii (Baker) Speta | Forbes's glory-of-the-snow ⓘ | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 0 counties iNat: 15 counties | USDA- FNA Images Wikispecies |

###### Muscari

* MuscariThe Flora of North America lists three Muscari species (M. botryoides, M. comosum, and M. neglectum) as introduced to North America (north of Mexico). The New York Flora Atlas
* ↑ Gerald B. Straley†, Frederick H. Utech (2020). FNA Volume 26. page 316. Flora of North America Association
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae :
| Genus Muscari | Grape-hyacinth | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.1753. Hyacinthus botryoides  L. in… 1768. Muscari botryoides  (L.) Mill. in… 1796. Scilla inflata  Salisb. in… | Common grape-hyacinth, Compact grape-hyacinth, Italilan grape-hyacinth, Grape-hyacinth | Introduced from  Europe, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, 2n = 18, 36 | NYFA: 11 counties iNat: 19 counties | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten.1753. Hyacinthus racemosus  L. 1768. Muscari racemosum  (L.) Mill. in… 1806. Muscari racemosum  Lam. & DC. 1842. Muscari neglectum  Guss. ex Ten. 1896. Muscari racemosum  var. neglectum  (Guss. ex Ten.) St.-Lag. 1906. Hyacinthus neglectus  (Guss. ex Ten.) E.H.L.Krause | Dark-flowered grape hyacinth ⓘ Starch grape hyacinth | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: ,  GRIIS-US: Invasive, Naturalized, 2n = 18, 36, 45, 54, 72 | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: 14 counties GBIF | USDA-X0 POWO Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Muscari armeniacum H.J.Veitch1872. Muscari armeniacum H.J.Veitch in… 1878. Muscari armeniacum  Leichtlin ex Baker in… 1933. Muscari colchicum  Grossh. in… 1946. Muscari sosnovskyi  Schchian in… | Garden grape-hyacinth ⓘ Common grape-hyacinth ⓘ Armenian grape hyacinth ⓘ Muscari d'Arménie ⓘ | Introduced, Not listed, 2n = 18, 36 | NYFA: Not listed iNat: 15 counties GBIF | USDA-XX COL WFO POWO Images Wikispecies |
| Muscari comosum (L.) Mill.1753. Hyacinthus comosus  L. in… 1768. Muscari comosum  (L.) Mill. in… 1796. Scilla comosa  (L.) Salisb. in… | Tassel hyacinth ⓘ | Introduced, 2n = 18, 27 | NYFA: Not listed iNat: Queens (2021) | USDA-X0 POWO FNA Images Wikispecies |

###### Hyacinthoides

* Hyacinthoides non-scripta
* ↑ "Plants to Watch" in Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae :
| Genus Hyacinthoides | Hyacinthoides | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard1753. Hyacinthus non-scriptus L. 1803. Scilla non-scripta (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link 1934. Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard | English-bluebell | Introduced, Occasionally naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |
| Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm.1768. Scilla hispanica Mill. 1944. Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. 1983. Scilla non-scripta  ssp. hispanica (Mill.)  Ietsw. 1993. Hyacinthoides non-scripta  ssp. hispanica (Mill.)  Kerguélen | Spanish bluebell ⓘ | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: , Not naturalized | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-XX FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Agavoideae
#### Tribe Agaeae
##### Yucca

* Yucca filamentosaCurly-leaved yucca has been introduced to New York from the southeastern United States
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Agaveae — Yucca :
| Genus Yucca | Yucca | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Yucca filamentosa L. | Curly-leaved yucca, Adam's needle, Spanish bayonette | Introduced from  southeastern US, North America native, Naturalized, SNA Perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X NYFA: 7 counties iNat GBIF ~12 counties | USDA-N FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |

##### Hosta

* Hosta plantagineaHostas or plantain lilies are native to Asia, have been commonly planted in the Northeast, and often persist for years. Although not widely naturalized, some appear to have escaped cultivation in a limited number of locations in New York.
* ↑ Michael Hough (2004) Hosta plantaginea iNaturalist observation at Green Lakes State Park, Onondaga County, NY
* ↑ David Werier (2021) comments on Hosta lancifolia iNaturalist observation at 4110 Albany Post Rd, Hyde Park, NY
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Agaveae — Hosta :
| Genus Hosta | Plantain-lily | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Hosta lancifolia (Thunb.) Engl. | Narrowleaf plantain lily, Narrow-leaved plantain-lily | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties 1 iNat N GBIF Dutchess (2017) | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |
| Hosta ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn | Blue plantain-lily | Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X NYFA: 4 counties 0 iNat N GBIF 0 counties | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |
| Hosta plantaginea Lam Asch. | Fragrant plantain lily Scented hosta | Introduced from  China, Unknown naturalization, SNA, GNR Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: X NYFA: Onondaga (2012) 1 iNat N GBIF Onondaga (2004) | USDA-X Images Wikispecies |

##### Camassia

* Camassia scilloides wild hyacinth, eastern camasCamassia scilloides (wild hyacinth) was listed in the 1912 Flora of Onondaga County as Quamasia hyacinthina Raf., a "very rare" plant found on the bank of Onondaga Creek in 1900. It is not listed in the New York Flora Atlas.
* ↑ L. Leonora Hutchinson Goodrich (1912) Flora of Onondaga County as Collected by the Members of the Syracuse Botanical Club. p. 64.
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Camassia :
| Genus Camassia Raf. (1818) | 0 | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory1818. Cyanotris scilloides Raf. 1824. Quamasia scilloides (Raf.) Raf. 1896. Quamasia hyacinthina Britton 1908. Camassia esculenta (Ker Gawl.) B.L.Rob.) 1936. Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory | Eastern camas ⓘ Atlantic camas ⓘ Wild hyacinth ⓘ Camassie faux-scille ⓘ Jacinthe des bois ⓘ | N. America native | | | USDA-NN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Subamily Asparagoideae

The Asparagoideae (asparagus subfamily)...

#### Asparagus

Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Asparagoideae — Asparagus :
| Genus Asparagus | Asparagus | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Asparagus officinalis L.1753. Asparagus officinalis  L. 1753. Asparagus officinalis  ssp. officinalis   1753. Asparagus officinalis  var. altilus  L. 1783. Asparagus tenuifolius  Lam. 1864. Asparagus altilus  (L.) Asch. | Garden asparagus, Common asparagus, AsparagusAsperge, Asperge officinale | Introduced Perennial, Forb-herb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Nolinoideae

* Subfamily Nolinoideae

#### Tribe Convallarieae
##### Convallaria

* Convallaria majalis lily of the valleyThe lily-of-the-valley plants that have been found to have naturalized or persisted from old plantings in New York have been the Eurasian lily-of-the-valley (C. majalis ssp. majalis). The American lily-of-the-valley (C. majalis ssp. majuscula) is considered to be native to the Appalachian Mountain region with a natural range extending only as far north as West Virginia. These North American natives have not been reported outside of cultivation in New York.
* ↑ Gandhi.. 2012. Nomenclatural and taxonomic analysis of Convallaria majalis, C. majuscula, and C. montana
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Convallaria :
| Genus Convallaria | Lily of the valley | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Convallaria majalis L. ssp. majalis1753. Convallaria majalis  L. | Eurasian lily-of-the-valley, European lily-of-the-valleyMuguet | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, Cornell BG A4 | | NYFA: X | USDA-X FNA Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Convallaria (excluded taxa) | Lily of the valley | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Convallaria majalis L.ssp. majuscula (Greene) Gandhi, Reveal, and Zarucchi1840. Convallaria montana  Raf. 1908. Convallaria majuscula  Greene 1964. Convallaria majalis  var. montana  (Raf.) H.E.Ahles 2012. Convallaria majalis  ssp. majuscula  (Greene) Gandhi, Reveal, and Zarucchi | American lily-of-the-valley | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA: 0 | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: Gandhi |
| ↑ Cornell Botanic Gardens Invasive Species Policy Committee (2018). "Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections." ↑ Gandhi.. 2012. Nomenclatural and taxonomic analysis of Convallaria majalis, C. majuscula, and C. montana ||||||

#### Tribe Polygonateae
##### Maianthemum

* Maianthemum canadense
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Maianthemum :
| Genus Maianthemum | Mayflower | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Maianthemum canadense Desf.1807. Maianthemum canadense  Desf. 1814. Smilacina canadensis  Pursh 1888. Unifolium canadense  Greene | Canada May-flower, Canadian May-lily, Wild lily-of-the-valley, False lily-of-the-valley, Two-leaved Solomon’s-sealMaïanthème du Canada | Native, CoC: 5, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Zoochore | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. racemosum1753. Convallaria racemosa  L. 1807. Smilacina racemosa  Desf. 1821. Maianthemum racemosum  Link 1840. Vagnera retusa  Raf. 1889. Unifolium racemosum  (Britton 1893. Vagnera racemosa  Morong 1903. Vagnera australis  Rydb. | False Solomon’s-seal, False spikenard, Solomon’s-plume, Feathery false lily of the valleySmilacine à grappes | Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Zoochore | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link1753. Convallaria stellata L. 1807. Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. 1821. Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link | Starry Solomon's-seal, Little false Solomon’s-seal, Starflower Solomon’s-seal, Starflower Solomon's-plumeSmilacine étoilée, Maïanthème étoilé | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda1753. Convallaria trifolia  L. 1807. Smilacina trifolia  (L.) Desf. 1875. Tovaria trifolia  (L.) Neck. ex Baker 1894. Vagnera trifolia  (L.) Morong 1852. Maianthemum trifolium  (L.) Sloboda | Three-leaved Solomon's-plume, Threeleaf false lily of the valley, Threeleaf false Solomon's seal, Swamp false Solomon's sealSmilacine trifoliée, Smilacine à trois feuilles | Native, Secure | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Images Wikispecies |

##### Polygonatum

* Polygonatum biflorum
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Polygonatum :
| Genus Polygonatum Mill. | Solomon's-seal | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh1803. Convallaria pubescens  Willd. 1814. Polygonatum pubescens  (Willd.) Pursh  auct. Polygonatum biflorum  sensu Gray & Britton | Hairy Solomon’s seal, Downy Solomon's-sealSceau-de-Salomon pubescent | Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 20 | | NYFA: 49 counties iNat: 53 counties | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. biflorum1788. Convallaria biflora  Walter 1817. Polygonatum biflorum  (Walter) Elliott 1917. Polygonatum biflorum  var. hebetifolium   R.R. Gates 1927. Polygonatum hebetifolium  (R.R. Gates) Bush | Giant Solomon’s seal, Great Solomon’s seal, Common Solomon's-seal, Smooth Solomon’s seal, King Solomon's-sealSceau-de-Salomon à deux fleurs | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 20, 40. | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliottvar. commutatum (Schult.f.) Morong1830. Convallaria commutata  Schult.f. 1835. Polygonatum commutatum  A.Dietr. 1894. Polygonatum biflorum  var. commutatum  (Schult.f.) Morong | Large Solomon's-seal, Giant Solomon’s seal, Great Solomon’s sealSceau-de-Salomon géant, Sceau-de-Salomon canaliculé | Native, CoC: 5, Unrankd, SNR FACU Perennial, Herb | | NYFA: U | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Polygonatum (excluded taxa) | Solomon's-seal | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf.1775. Convallaria latifolia  Jacq. 1797. Convallaria hirta  Bosc ex Poir. 1807. Polygonatum latifolium  (Jacq.) Desf. 1814. Polygonatum hirtum  (Bosc ex Poir.) Pursh 1840. Sigillaria hirta  (Bosc ex Poir.) Raf. | Broad-leaved Solomon's-seal ⓘ Broadleaf Solomon's-seal ⓘ | Introduced from  Europe, N.Y. excluded, Cultivated, 2n = 20 | | NYFA-Excluded iNat: Cultivated | USDA-X0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) Allioni1753. Convallaria multiflora L. 1785. Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) Allioni | Eurasian Solomon's-seal ⓘ | Introduced from  Europe, N.Y. excluded, Cultivated | | NYFA: Not Listed iNat: 7 counties | USDA-0X Images Wikispecies |