OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Two Knights Defence:Fritz variation
### 9...e4

Hans Berliners move. This position has been the subject of World Correspondence Championship games. Black has the advantage in development but White has extra material in many lines. It seems White's position is better but finding the correct moves is not easy and many times Black comes out better.

## Theory Table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 b5 6.Bf1 Nd4 7.c3 Nxd5 8.Ne4 Qh4 9. Ng3 Bg4 10.f3 e4
| | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 1 | cxd4 Bd6 | Bxb5+ Kd8 | O-O exf3 | Rxf3 Rb8 | ~ |
| 2 | ... ... | ... ... | Kf2 f5 | Bc6 f4 | Bxd5 fxg3+ | Ke2 exf3+ | gxf3 Re8+ | Kd3 Bf5+ | Kc3 Bb4+ | Kc4 c5 | Bxa8 Qxd4 | Kb3 Qd3+ | Nc3 Be6+ | Ka4 Qa6# |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Ne7

5...Ne7?
The Denver Variation. Also known as the Port Norris Gambit or the Llamaball Countergambit. It may seem sharp at first, but it is way too passive for Black and allows 6. d4! which exploits the bad move that Black made. However, White has to play precisely to keep the advantage. It is sometimes considered a gambit, as it sacrifices the center for a strong outpost for the knight. Still, this is strongly condemned.
Counterplay with this move
This still has some upsides. It creates a double attack on the pawn, & creates a strong position. Even though Black will play for the position in the middlegame, the endgame can have some fine positions for Black.
Summary
Even though it's arguably better than taking the "free" pawn, it's still strongly discouraged to play it.
# Fried Liver Attack

6. Nxf7! is an aggressive Knight sacrifice with no sensible way to decline, Black's King becomes exposed while White gains momentum in development.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nxd5
| | 6 | 7 |
| Fried Liver Attack | Nxf7! Kxf7 | Qf3+ Ke6 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Fried Liver Attack
### 7. Qf3+

White gives check and attacks the Knight. Black's king has several moves, but only one of them is good. The worst is 7...Kg8?? which loses to 8. Bxd5+ Qxd5 9. Qxd5+ Be6 10. Qxe6# (or 8. Qxd5+ Qxd5 9. Bxd5+ Be6 10. Bxe6#). 7...Ke8? doesn't work because of 8. Bxd5. Black has to defend the knight with Ke6.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nxd5 6. Nxf7 Kxf7 7. Qf3+
| 7 | 8 |
| Qf3+ Ke6 | Nc3 Nb4 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Baseball/Second Baseman

The second baseman is an infielder who typically plays halfway to two-thirds of the way between first base and second base. The position is abbreviated as "2B" and is referenced as "4" for the purposes of official scoring. The second baseman, along with the shortstop, is expected to have the best hands and cover the most range of any of the infielders, although the second baseman is not expected to have as strong an arm as the shortstop, as his throw to first is shorter. Responsibilities for the second baseman typically include:
* Fielding ground balls between the first and second base bags
* Acting as the pivot man for double plays started by the shortstop or third baseman
* Providing a cutoff for balls hit to the outfield on his side of the field
* Covering first base on balls that the first baseman fields, especially bunted balls
* Covering second base on a steal attempt
# Baseball/Basics
## Basics

You need a glove (the catcher and first baseman use mitts) and a bat. The person with the baseball bat hits the ball and the person with the glove or mitt tries to catch the ball and do it 5 times (or your choice). The pitches that the pitcher throws are either balls or strikes. A strike is a pitch that is thrown within the strike zone. Traditionally the strike zone is a pitch thrown across the plate and between the knees and uniform letters of the player and not outside of the sides of the home plate. A ball is a pitch thrown outside this area. It is important to remember that final call on whether a pitch is a strike or ball is decided by the home plate umpire.
The game baseball is played on a field called a diamond. The infield is made up of a home plate, first base, second base and third base, set up in a diamond shape. The total number of players that can play on the diamond at one time is 9 (defensive). There is a pitcher (who throws the ball to the batter), the catcher, catches the ball thrown by the pitcher. There is a first baseman who catches the balls hit to the infielders and mans first base. The second baseman plays in between first and second base. Next to the second baseman on the other side of second base, between second base and third base is the shortstop. This position was originally called the shortfielder because it was play in the outfield in front of the outfielders and behind the infielders. The outfield consists of three players: left, middle, and right field. All are located in the grass far beyond the diamond.
The bat is made of wood or aluminum. At younger levels aluminum is used, while in professional leagues they use wooden bats.
# Baseball/Objectives

The objective of baseball games is for teams to outscore their opponents by accumulating more runs. In a baseball game, two teams with nine players each compete against each other. One team takes the role of the batting team, while the other team assumes the role of the fielding team.
The batting team's objective is to score runs by successfully hitting a pitched ball and progressing around the bases. Let's imagine the batting team is at the plate. The batter's goal is to hit the ball into play, preferably into the field where the opposing team's players are positioned.
If the batter succeeds in hitting the ball and manages to run to first base before being tagged out, they have safely reached first base.
Now, let's say the next batter hits a deep fly ball that is caught by an outfielder from the fielding team before it hits the ground. In this case, the batter is out, as they didn't reach base safely. However, if the batter hits the ball far enough and manages to touch first base before the fielding team throws the ball there, they are safe. The batter can then attempt to advance to second base, third base, and ultimately back to home plate to score a run.
To prevent the batting team from scoring runs, the fielding team aims to get batters out. They can do this by catching a batted ball before it touches the ground, tagging a runner with the ball, or throwing the ball to a base to force a runner out. For instance, if a runner tries to advance from first base to second base but is tagged by the fielder with the ball before reaching second base, they are out.
The game consists of multiple innings, typically nine. Each team takes turns batting and fielding in each inning. At the end of the game, the team with the most runs is declared the winner.
# Baseball
## Table of Contents

Rules Of The Game
* Basics
* Objectives
* Field Of Play
* The Ball
* Lineups
* Umpires
* Managers And Coaches
* Advanced Theory and Statistics
Playing The Game
* Defense
** Fielding Ground Balls
** Fielding Fly Balls
** Throwing
** Handling Baserunners
** Defensive Positioning
* Positions
** Pitcher
** Catcher
** 1st Baseman
** 2nd Baseman
** 3rd Baseman
** Shortstop
** Outfielder
* Offense
** Hitting Basics
** Hitting Tactics
*** Hit & Run
*** Bunting
*** Advancing Runners
*** Additional Strategies
** Baserunning
* Organized Leagues
** Major League Baseball
** Minor League Baseball
** College Baseball
** Youth Baseball
** Baseball In Other Countries
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/uint

The uint keyword is used in field, method, property, and variable declarations and in cast and typeof operations as an alias for the .NET Framework structure System.UInt32. That is, it represents a 32-bit unsigned integer whose value ranges from 0 to 4,294,967,295.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/using

The using keyword has two completely unrelated meanings in C#, depending on if it is used as a directive or a statement.

## The directive

using as a directive resolves unqualified type references so that a developer doesn't have to specify the complete namespace.
Example:
using can also provide a namespace alias for referencing types.
Example:

## The statement

using as a statement automatically calls the dispose on the specified object. The object must implement the IDisposable interface. It is possible to use several objects in one statement as long as they are of the same type.
Example:
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/var

The var keyword can be used in place of a type when declaring a variable to allow the compiler to infer the type of the variable. This feature can be used to shorten variable declarations, especially when instantiating generic types, and is even necessary with LINQ expressions (since queries may generate very complex types).
The following:
is equivalent to:
var does not create a "variant" type; the type is simply inferred by the compiler. In situations where the type cannot be inferred, the compiler generates an error:
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
Note: Var is not a keyword
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/try

The try keyword is used to identify a statement or statement block as the body of an exception handling sequence. The body of the exception handling sequence must be followed by a catch clause, a finally clause, or both.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/typeof

The typeof keyword returns an instance of the System.Type class when passed a name of a class. It is similar to the sizeof keyword in that it returns a value instead of starting a section (block) of code (see if, try, while).
An example:
The output will be:
It should be noted that unlike sizeof, only class names themselves and not variables can be passed to typeof as shown here:
using System;
Sometimes, classes will include their own GetType method that will be similar, if not identical, to typeof.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/ushort

The ushort keyword is used in field, method, property, and variable declarations and in cast and typeof operations as an alias for the .NET Framework structure System.UInt16. That is, it represents a 16-bit unsigned integer whose value ranges from 0 to 65,535.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/value

The special identifier value is used in a property's write accessor to represent the value requested for assignment to the property.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/ulong

The ulong keyword is used in field, method, property, and variable declarations and in cast and typeof operations as an alias for the .NET Framework structure System.UInt64. That is, it represents a 64-bit unsigned integer whose value ranges from 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/unchecked

The unchecked keyword prevents overflow-checking when doing integer arithmetics. It may be used as an operator on a single expression or as a statement on a whole block of code.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# C Sharp Programming/Keywords/unsafe

The unsafe keyword may be used to modify a procedure or define a block of code which uses unsafe code. Code is unsafe if it uses the "address of" (&) or pointer operator (*).
In order for the compiler to compile code containing this keyword, you must use the unsafe option when using the Microsoft C-Sharp Compiler.
C# Keywords :
| abstract | as | base | bool | break |
| byte | case | catch | char | checked |
| class | const | continue | decimal | default |
| delegate | do | double | else | enum |
| event | explicit | extern | false | finally |
| fixed | float | for | foreach | goto |
| if | implicit | in | int | interface |
| internal | is | lock | long | namespace |
| new | null | object | operator | out |
| override | params | private | protected | public |
| readonly | ref | return | sbyte | sealed |
| short | sizeof | stackalloc | static | string |
| struct | switch | this | throw | true |
| try | typeof | uint | ulong | unchecked |
| unsafe | ushort | using | var | virtual |
| void | volatile | while |
Special C# Identifiers (Contextual Keywords) :
| add | alias | async | await | dynamic |
| get | global | nameof | partial | remove |
| set | value | when | where | yield |
Contextual Keywords (Used in Queries) :
| ascending | by | descending | equals | from |
| group | in | into | join | let |
| on | orderby | select | where |
# City Of Heroes/Links

Here you can link to your favorite CoH site. Click on edit next to the section that you want to add to, then place the cursor beneath the last existing link, click on the globe in the editor and edit the address to make it link to the site you want. If there is no section existing for the site you want to add, edit the bottom section and at the bottom of that section type and the new section will be added.

## Fan Fiction

City of Heroes Writer's Guild

## Maps

Vidiot Maps for CoH

## Guides

City Of Heroes Online

## Communities

City of Heroes official message board
# Civ/Civilization

This is a guide to the original computer game Civilization, designed by Sid Meier.

## Table of Contents

* The Basics

## Appendices

* Forms of Government
* Unit Index
* Patch History
# Civ

This is a guide for the computer series Civilization ("Civ" for short). A few of the guides will share chapters, for instance, every guide begins with The Basics. For convenience these all use the original Civilization terminology except when discussing particular games, e.g., "shields" will consistently be used to refer to what are called "minerals" in Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, except in sections specific to Alpha Centauri. In order to help you with the terminology differences among the games, we have written Terminology.

## Civilization

* Civilization, the original
* CivNet
* Civilization II, its various expansion packs, and Civilization II: Test of Time
* Civilization III and its expansion packs
* Civilization IV
* Civilization V
* Civilization VI

## Related Games

* Civilization: Call to Power
* Call to Power II
* Colonization
* Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri and Alien Crossfire

## Civilization Clones

* Freeciv

## About this Book

* Authors