OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# XForms/Mobile XForms
## Advantages to the Developer

Apart from the advantages of XForms already cited elsewhere, XForms brings the following advantages to the sphere of mobile applications:
* XForms was designed to support multiple modalities. Applications that work on mobile devices are also deployable in other ways too, thus much improving the return on your development investment.
* XForms does most of its work on the client-side, thus reducing the number and size of server calls. This is still an important consideration for mobile devices, which tend to have to operate on narrow and expensive bandwidth.

## Building Mobile Applications

Whilst there is a Basic profile of XForms, the only known, commercial implementation also supports almost the entire XForms/XML Schema feature set.

### Open Source Implementations
#### Xfolite

Xfolite is a light-weight XForms client for the J2ME platform. It was originally created at Nokia Research Center, and it includes a DOM and XPath 1.0 implementation as well as an XForms engine that implements the XForms 1.1 specification almost completely. XML Schemas and CSS are outside project scope, however. Xfolite is licensed under the LGPL license.

### Commercial Implementations
#### PicoForms

PicoForms has an XForms implementation that runs on cell phones supporting MIDP 2.0 and CLDC 1.x. It also supports PDAs including Palm and Pocket PCs. PicoForms is also able to provide customers (and evaluators) with an online development space, that allows forms to be tested on a mobile phone/PDA emulator.
Picoforms runs as an plugin to Internet Explorer. The license is around $30 (US) per client (desktop).
To enable your forms to work with Picoforms just add the following line to your code:

## Sample Applications for PicoForms
### UK Pension Industry

This application uses a set of industry standard XML schema (produced by Origo Services) in the UK. XForms lends itself well to building applications over such schema, as the schema can be consumed directly by the application, often without modification.

#### The Scenario

The Schemas describe the data requirements for a financial adviser requesting information about the value of funds in a customer's personal pension policy. An adviser is likely to want to do this immediately prior to meeting with their client, probably in the client's own home. They want the information to be as up-to-date as possible.

#### The Application

The following screenshots give an idea of the application running on a mobile phone emulator. The application can be accessed in an emulator here.
To begin with the user must search for the details of the client they are interested in. This simulates communication with the adviser's own back-office system. This can be achieved either by entering a unique reference for the client, or the client's name.
# XForms/Multi-Part Forms
## Motivation

You have a very large form and your initial load times are very long. You want to be able to break a large form into multiple forms.

## Method

To get the first part of a large form to load we will break the form into multiple parts and only load what appears to be the first tab of a multi-part form. When the user selects the second tab we will save all the data on the first tab and load the second tab. This way if the user want to only make a simple change to the form only the logic for a single tab needs to be loaded.

## Example

We will use a series of triggers that are styled as file tabs. Each trigger will perform two actions: it will run a save submission and it will then load the next part of the form. The forms will be styled so that it will appear to the user they are just changing tabs.
Here is the sample code from each of the triggers:
# XForms/Moving Items Between Lists
## Motivation

You have two lists and you would like to move selected items between the lists. This is typically known as a column chooser.

## Method

The user interface will have two lists, one on the right and one on the left. Between the lists we will see two buttons; Move Left and Move Right. The user can check any number of items on the left list and press the Move Right button to move these items to the right list. The user can also add any number of items on the right list and then by pushing the Move Left button, these items would be moved to the left list.
Note that a "move" is technically two separate operations, a copy followed by a delete. But the user does not see these separate steps.

## Sample Screen Image
### Link to Working Form

Link to Working Form

## Sample XForms

The following form has three columns. One for the left list of items, one for the middle column of move buttons and one for the right list of items.
The Move buttons have two actions.
* insert a new item in the list by doing a copy of the selected item to the opposite list
* delete the selected item

### Sample CSS

The "span-3" tags use the standard blueprint framework to span three columns in a 24 column page.
The other CSS tags are used below with XSLTForms. Note that the selected item on the list is white.

## Discussion

The list on the right side could also be re-orderable. This is typically a use-case for a report-writing tools that allows a user to select columns from a list for a report.
# XForms Client Options

There are several ways to get started using XForms. But we must first understand that running XForms within a web browser has several security-related issues that prevent software from saving to your local hard drive. There are several workarounds for this.
There are several XForms systems that can be used to build XForms. For example:
XSLTForms is a XForms implementation that can run within your browser or on the server. The client-based system run an XSLT transform within your browser.
BetterFORM is a server-side implementation of XForms that comes bundled with a native XML database (eXist-db).
There are JavaScript-based solutions and other plugins as well as web-server solutions available. See the Player Specific Instructions or the wikipedia page on XForms for more details. Note that these XForm solutions usually require you to download a web server and install Java Web Archive Files (War files) in the correct directory or add player-specific code to your examples.

## FireFox Plugin

The FireFox plugin has limited support on the Mac and may not be supported in current versions of FireFox.
One of the most common today is Installing XForms in Firefox. This takes only about a minute to install so it is used by many of our students. Most of these exercises have been tested with the Firefox 0.7 extension on both Firefox 1.5 and Firefox 2.0.
Firefox 3.6 plugin: xForms 0.8.7
Firefox 2.0 plugin: FireFox 2.0 for the Mac

## XForms Processors

XSLTForms uses XSLT and JavaScript in the browser to transform an XForms into HTML.
betterFORM processes XForms on the server with Java.
Orbeon Forms processes XForms on the server with Java.
All can be used with the eXist Native XML Database.
See also the Wikipedia article on XForms
# XForms/Invoice Manager
## Motivation

You want to demonstrate a typical business application such as the creation of an Invoice. The invoice must have date and Boolean data types and use a bind rule to automatically calculate invoice totals. The invoice should have multiple line items, each with an amount.

## Method

We will use many of the standard XForms controls and a standard XForms style sheet to style the form.

## Sample Application

Load Sample XForms Application

## Sample Invoice Instance

The following is a sample of an invoice document. This document is typically sent by a supplier to a consumer of a product or service after confirmation that the products or services were delivered.
The top portion has items such as an invoice number, the date the invoice was sent to the customer and the from and to information. It is then followed by a set of line items that specify the items delivered and their price. At the end the line items are totaled and an indication made to see if the invoice was paid or not.

## XForms User Interface

The interface to the Invoice uses input, textarea and select1 controls. In addition, data types are assigned to the InvoiceDate and InvoicePaid indicator elements.

## Sample CSS File

The following CSS file required the input XForms application to add the newline class attribute for each control that appears on a new line. This allows the repeat input items to not automatically flow to a new line.
# XForms/Load from XML Schema
## Motivation

Many times the data types of your data are defined in an external XML Schema file. To use this information, rather than having to explicitly bind the instance to a data type, you can just load the XML Schema file to initialize instance data in the model. The data types will be inferred from the XML Schema file.
To do this you must add a schema attribute to the model where the value of the argument is the XML Schema source file. Note that the argument is schema NOT src. src is used to read in the instance data.

## Screen Image

Here is a screen image of a sample program. Note that input form for the date and boolean data types are automatically inferred from the XML Schema and different controls are placed in the user interface.
Note that in this example, the order of the controls is also changed.

## Link to XForms Application

Load Datatypes from XML Schema

## XML Schema diagram

The following is an XML Schema diagram with data types visible. Note that the data type is displayed directly under the data element. This diagram also shows optional data elements using a dashed line and the cardinality of the data elements.

## Testing

One of the ways to test if the data types are loaded correctly from the XML Schema file is to attempt to enter an invalid value of a specific data type. XForms should automatically check to see if the input field meets the data requirements specified in the XML Schema file.
For example in the positive integer fields you can attempt to enter a "-1". After you do this and enter a "tab" the background of the form should display in pink as a warning. This is how the screen should look:
The way you display invalid controls is controled by the following line in the CSS file:
This is known as a pseudo element. Although there are no data elements called "invalid", XForms just adds this property to each input control and the style sheet then adds whatever properties you give it in the style sheet.

## Discussion

This program also uses a CSS to display the data elements.

## Known bugs

Note that under the bindings do not work if there is no sample instance data.
In addition to this section, it may not be supported in other Xform platforms. Tested in XSLTForms, it does not work, with latest version as of 06/09/10 Used FormFaces, it worked, but could not render the css correctly.
There are also cross-browser compatibility issues as well.

## References

http://betterform.wordpress.com/using-schema-datatypes/ betterForm inline schema types
# A History of the British Monarchy/Yorkist Rulers

Vying with the House of Lancaster for the throne during the Wars of the Roses. With the death of Henry VI in 1471, the Yorkists regained the throne in the person of Edward IV.

## Yorkist Rulers of England

* Edward IV (r. 1461 - 1470, and 1471 - 1483)
* Edward V (r. April - June 1483)
* Richard III (r. 1483 - 1485)
# A History of the British Monarchy/Saxon Rulers/Ethelbert

Ethelbert ruled from 860-866.
Ethelbert, the third son of Ethelwulf and Osburh, a Jutish princess, was born circa 835. The grandson of Egbert, first King of the English, he succeeded his brother Ethelbald on 20 December, 860. Ethelbert had previously been sub-king of Kent, the traditional title given to the early heirs to the throne of Wessex. He was crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames in Surrey. Almost immediately, the savage Viking invasions on Wessex were renewed.
The Vikings merciless raids of pillage, slaughter and rape struck abject terror into Saxon hearts, leaving destruction, desolation and smoking ruins in their wake. The people had good cause to utter the much repeated prayer "From the fury of the Northmen , O Lord, deliver us." The Vikings who harried Wessex at this time were Danish. A huge Viking fleet landed in East Anglia in 865, under the curiously named Ivar the Boneless, who was for some time the driving force behind the Viking attacks on England. His army remained there for a while, garnering it's resources for a major invasion. The city of Winchester, the ancient capital of Wessex, was burned to the ground. A minor victory over the raiding Vikings was achieved by the Saxons of Hampshire and Berkshire under Aldermen Athelwulf and Osric. The Vikings occupied the Isle of Thanet, where they spent the Winter. They were bought off by the men of Kent, but characteristically, did not keep the agreement and began to ravage England with renewed force shortly thereafter.
Ethelbert died, unmarried and childless, in 866 at around the age of thirty-five. He had reigned for only five years. His body was interred at Sherborne Abbey in Dorset.
# A History of the British Monarchy/Tudor Rulers

The House of Tudor came to the throne of England, Wales and the Lordship of Islands in 1485, and reigned until 1603. The dynasty included some of the most influential and most remembered monarchs in English history. It also included England's first, and second, queens that reigned in their own right.
The Tudors came to the throne following the Plantagenets and were followed by the Stuarts.

## Monarchs in the House of Tudor

* Henry VII (r. 1485 - 1509)
* Henry VIII (r. 1509 - 1547)
* Edward VI (r. 1547 - 1553)
* Mary I (r. 1553 - 1558)
* Elizabeth I (r. 1558 - 1603)
# A History of the British Monarchy/Viking Rulers
## Viking Rulers

England's line of Viking kings spans a dynasty of three generations. It was founded in 1013 by Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark. He was the son of Harald Bluetooth, who after years of conflict, wrested the throne of England from the ineffectual native Saxon king Ethelred II the Redeless (978-1016).
Sweyn was followed by his son Canute, who was known as the Great. He was the ablest of his line. Sweyn converted to Christianity and married Ethelred II's widow, Emma of Normandy (c. 985 – 6 March 1052), the daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy.
Canute's two sons, the illegitimate Harald Harefoot (1037–1040) and Hardicanute or Harthacnut (1040–1042), his son by his marriage to Emma, reigned after him. Both were antagonistic toward one another.
On the death of Hardicanute in 1042, the old Saxon line of Wessex was restored in the person of Ethelred's son, Edward I, the Confessor (1042–1066).
    The Vikings
    Sweyn Forkbeard
    King Canute
    Harold I
    Hardicanute
# A History of the British Monarchy/Stuart Rulers

The Stuarts came to the throne in England in 1603, at the death of the last Tudor monarch, the childless Elizabeth I. The Stuarts united the crowns of Scotland and England, though the two nations were not formally united until 1707.
They also were twice removed from the throne, Charles I was beheaded in the English Civil War, and James II was deposed in the Glorious Revolution.

## Stuart Rulers

* James I (VI of Scotland) (r. 1567 – 1625 in Scotland, 1603 - 1625 in England)
* Charles I (r. 1625 - 1649). Charles was beheaded during the English Civil War and de facto replaced by Oliver Cromwell, who took the title Lord Protector.
* Charles II (r. 1649 - 1651, restored 1660 - 1685)
* James II (VII of Scotland) (r. 1685 - 1688). He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution.
* William III (r. 1689 - 1702)
* Mary II (r. 1689 – 1694)
* Anne (r. 1702 - 1714)
# A Latin Reader

This is a collection of Latin dialogues, histories, stories, and readings on the natural sciences composed to aid learners in acquiring an easy facility in reading Latin both classical and post-classical. It is strongly advised that these readings not be used for translation exercises, but for sight-reading.

## Dialogues

* Greetings
* De Familia Sophiae

## Stories

* De Rege Gilgamesh
* De Bellis Magorum
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Sulphur shelf

Sulphur Shelf :
* Description: Sulphur shelf (Laetiporus sulphureus) is also known as the chicken of the woods, the chicken mushroom, and the chicken fungus. It is, as one might expect, an edible mushroom with a taste quite similar to lemony chicken. Individual "shelves" range from 2-10 inches across. These shelves are made up of many tiny tubular filaments (hyphae). The mushroom grows in large brackets - some have been found that weigh over 100 pounds (45 kg). It is most commonly found on wounds of trees, mostly oak, though it is also frequently found on yew, cherry wood, sweet chestnut, and willow. Though it does grow off of a living tree, sulphur shelf is not a parasite, though it may cause decay. Young mushrooms are characterized by a moist, rubbery, sulphur-yellow body with bright orange tips. Older mushrooms become pale and brittle, pungent, and are often dotted with termite holes.
* Where found: Throughout most of the world
* Availability: Late Summer to Fall
* Use: Slice thinly and add to stews or simmer for 30 minutes.
* WARNING: About half of the population has an allergic reaction to this type of mushroom, with cases being more pronounced in older mushrooms. Due to all of these factors, the mushroom should generally only be eaten when young, and one should always only try a small amount the first time.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wild Onion

Wild Onion :
* Description: Wild Onion has an edible bulb covered with a dense skin of brown fibers and tastes like an onion. The plant also has strong, onion-like odor. The narrow, grass-like leaves originate near the base of the stem, which is topped by a dome-like cluster of star-shaped, pink or white flowers. It typically flowers in the spring and early summer, from May to June.
* Where found: Throughout North America
* Availability: Spring - Winter
* Use: Use the leaves and bulbs raw in salads, or cook them in a soup. Basically, use them as you would domestic onions.
* WARNING: Though the plant is edible, it pays to be careful in identifying it as there are several look-a-likes. So be sure to do more research before eating plant.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Fertilizing

Do not over fertilize, and wait four to six weeks after planting before fertilizing. Make a circle around each plant with one ounce of ammonium sulphate in the first year. After that, do the same with two ounces as soon as the plants bloom, and again one month later.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wild Garlic

Wild Garlic :
* Description: All parts of the plant have a strong garlic odor. The underground bulb is 1-2 cm diameter, with a fibrous outer layer. The main stem grows to 30-120 cm tall. The leaves are slender hollow tubular, 15-60 cm long and 2-4 mm thick, waxy textured, with a groove along the side of the leaf facing the stem. The flowers are 2-5 mm long, with six petals varying in color from pink to red or greenish-white. It flowers in the summer, June to August
* Where found: Northern Hemisphere
* Availability: All year
* Use: Use the tubular leaves and bulbs in salad or in soups.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Sumac

Sumac :
* Description: It grows to 3-10 m tall, and has alternate, pinnately compound leaves 25-55 cm long, each with 9-31 serrate leaflets 6-11 cm long. The leaf petioles and the stems are densely covered in rust-colored hairs. The fruit of staghorn sumac is one of the most identifiable characteristics, forming dense clusters of small red drupes at the terminal end of the branches; the clusters are conic, 10-20 cm long and 4-6 cm broad at the base. The fruit appear during autumn, at which point the foliage turns a brilliant red. Sumacs are considered some of the best fall foliage around. The fruit has been known to last through winter and into spring.
* Where found: From Ontario and Quebec south to northern Georgia and Mississippi.
* Availability: Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
* Use: The fruit drupes can be bruised and then soaked in water to make a refreshing lemonade-like drink.
* WARNING: Avoid the Poison Sumac tree which is easily identified by its white flowers. Contact with poison sumac will cause a rash (like poison ivy).
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wild Carrot

Wild Carrot (Queen Anne's Lace) :
* Description: It is a biennial plant growing up to 1 m tall, bearing an umbel of bright white flowers that turn into a "bird's nest" seed case after blooming. Very similar in appearance to the deadly poison hemlock, it is distinguished by a mix of bi-pinnate and tri-pinnate leaves, fine hairs on its stems and leaves, a root that smells like carrots, and occasionally a single dark red flower in its center.
* Where found: Waste ground, fields, throughout
* Availability: Fall to Early Spring
* Use: The roots of the wild carrot can be cleaned and used as regular carrots. They are quite a bit smaller than domestic carrots, but the flavor is unmistakable. It is best to use the roots of the plant during its first year.
* WARNING: Do not confuse the wild carrot with poison hemlock. The root of the wild carrot smells like carrots. Also the bracts beneath the flower heads are three-forked. Poison hemlock has a smooth, hollow, jointed stem and often has purple spots. Queen Anne's Lace has none of these characteristics.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Fire

If possible, and only if you can do it safely-locate the fire. Remember to stay calm. Alert any other people that are in the building, preferably by pulling the nearest fire alarm (when in a public building). If the fire is small and a fire extinguisher is handy, an attempt to put the fire out should be made. If the fire is already large, or you fail to extinguish it, you must evacuate the building as safely and as quickly as possible. Keep in mind that fires can spread very quickly so it is better to err on the side of caution by getting the fire department started before the fire is out of control.
Feel any door before opening it, and if it is hot, do not open it. Try to exit the building without going through an area that is in flames, then stop, drop, and crawl. Call the fire department.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wintergreen

Wintergreen, or Teaberry :
* Description: Wintergreen (also called Teaberry) is a low evergreen plant that grows in wooded areas. It produces red berries in the Fall, and they remain on the plant through the winter until the plant flowers again in the spring. The crushed leaves have a medicinal smell very much like peppermint (or surprise! wintergreen!) It is also used as the flavor of Wrigley's popular Winterfresh chewing gum.
* Where found: Primarily found in the Northeastern United States, but it also grows in Minnesota, south to Mississippi, east to Georgia, and north to Maine.
* Availability: Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
* Use: The leaves can be picked and chewed raw like a chewing gum. The leaves can also be finely chopped and steeped in boiling water to make a tea. The berries can be eaten as well.
* WARNING: Wintergreen is endangered in Illinois, so if you find it there, leave it be!
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Edible Wild Plants/Wood Sorrel

Wood Sorrel :
* Where found: Occurs throughout most of the world, except for the polar areas.
* Availability: Spring, Summer, Fall
* Use: Use the raw leaves, stems, and flowers as a refreshing, sour addition to a salad. Steep in boiling water for 10 minutes to make a tea.
* WARNING: Wood sorrel contains small amount of oxalic acid which gives it its pleasantly sour taste. If eaten in large quantities over a period of time, however, may inhibit the body's ability to absorb calcium.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Fire drill

Arrange this with your family ahead of time. Choose a meeting place well away from the house so that if a real fire occurs, everyone will know to go there, and if anyone is missing, it can be assumed that they are still in the house. Go over the escape routes with everyone.