# Bards Klezmer Fiddle Tunebook Supplement

This book is required for Lesson III of the Wikiversity course Fiddlers Green: Beyond Violin.

## Listening: Commentary to Guide Your Learning

Rear historic archives are primary sources which are available on line. These enable one to both listen and view the techniques used. We will use this incredible technical resource with comments from teachers, students and other knowledgable parties.

### 100 Gypsies, Live in Istanbul

An incredible solo violin backed with a full orchestra of violins. One of the most amazing clips on the web. 100 Gypsy Violins, Live in Istanbul - Turkey, Yiddishe Mamma filmed by

## Style

Dissonance is frequently employed, harmonically, and klezmer uses accidentals quite freely, creating its signature mood tones. Template:Fix/category Trills (Dreydlakh) are "slower and less dense than the trills used in classical or celtic". Cohen contends that "one form of trill is actually a slow sliding back and forth of the finger – primitive wah-wah" and that often the trills are executed on two strings at once.

## A Brief Background on Klezmer

See also Compendium of Fiddle Styles/Klezmer for more in depth treatment of this topic.
Klezmer (Yiddish:Klezmer (Yiddish כליזמר or קלעזמער, pl כליזמר ,כליזמרים, from Hebrew כלי זמר vesssel of song") is a genre of fiddle music rooted in the medieval shtetl (villages) of Eastern Europe where wandering Ashkenazi musicians (Klezmorim) played at bar mitzvahs,weddiongs and holidays (simkhes).ritual of rabbinic Judaism.

## Background on Klezmer music
### Antecedents

Some academic musicology suggests that ancient Semitic traditions preceded and influenced, along with Tanahk hymns, Greek Pythagoran music praxis. (It was a blend of dance tunes, liturgy and meditative chant (nigunim). In Archeomusicology of the Ancient Near East, Richard J. Dumbrill of City University of New York traces evolution of Jewish harp, balags, lyre, lute and aerophone instrumental music.. Following the destruction of the second Temple, all rejoicing and use of musical instruments was banned, with the exception of occasional use of the Rams Horn (Shofar).Template:Fix/category

### Medieval

Traditions blended ikn medieval klezmer include Greek, “Gypsy”, Turkish, Slavic and in the later phase, Jazz. Some modern bands| incorporate " gospel, punk, and Arab, African, and Balkan rhythms"

## Repertoire

Klezmer music incorporates ritualistic aspects of Hebrew culture but also incorporates "non-Jewish waltzes, polkas or mazurka".According to Bob Cohen, "the Jewish fiddle style is one form of east European fiddle which, like Gypsy fiddle styles, served to play several repertoires and styles." He laments however the difficulty for music historians in that "by the time of the 'klezmer revival' there were very few Jewish fiddlers left to learn from.

### Bulgareasca

“In the Bulgarian Manner” In the early 19th century, Russia took over Moldava from the Ottomans and increased liberality led to migration and contact between Jews and Bulgarians which led to "shoulder out the sher and freylechs styles. The end result was the use of triplets to a new extent in klezmer music.

## Klezmer in fusion with other styles

As per the above description, all klezmer is eclectic and thus the term fusion, as used with reference to combinations of disparate genres, may be redundant, but some klezmer musicians combine the specific eclecticism of klezmer with very specific genres such as rock, dub or reggae.
Amsterdam Klezmer Band ft. Shantel - Sadagora Hot Dub

## External links

* Michael Levy traces the roots of Hebrew music in the ancient past, which is the "root of the olive tree".
* Echoes of the Shtetl: Michael Levy
* DI NAYE KAPELYE: Old Time Jewish Music From Not So Long Ago

# References

* ↑ Cohen
* ↑ Cohen
* ↑ Hankus Netsky, "American Klezmer: A Brief History" from American Klezmer: Its Roots and Offshoots Ed. Mark Slobin, p.13
* ↑ ref name=/borzykowski|KLEZMER MUSIC IN A FEW WORDS|http://borzykowski.users.ch/EnglMCKlezmer.htm
* ↑ ref name= Haupt|http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/klezmer/Klezmer%20frame.html
* ↑ refname=Dumbrill|The Archaeomusicology of the Ancient Near East |Professor Richard J. Dumbrill|City University of New York||Preface|2005
* ↑ Old Testament/Tanahk|Book of Psalms|Attributed to King David and others|1000-2500[?]b.c.e.|King James Authorized Version|c.1600|Britain
* ↑ Dumbrill, p.179-386
* ↑ source= The Klezmatics| type=Online encyclopedic article|lang=German|source=German Wikipedia|url=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Klezmatics
* ↑ Liner notes|The Klezmatics|Album=Jews With Horns"Nign"|Jada Jen|June 21,2010
* ↑ Haupt
* ↑ ref name= Cohen|Jewish Fiddle|Bob Cohen|http://www.dinayekapelye.com/jmfiddle.htm
* ↑ Cohen
* ↑ Haupt
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOg6LkCaA38&feature=related
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TreiNNjc8EY&feature=related

# Other Wikibooks of interest

* Compendium of Fiddle Styles
* How to Play Fiddle
* Ethnography of Fiddle
* Bards Old Time Fiddle Tunebook Supplement
* Bards Irish Fiddle Tunebook Supplement
* Bards Bluegrass Fiddle Tunebook Supplement
* Bards Klezmer Fiddle Tunebook Supplement
* How to Play Violin
* How to Play Fiddle