OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Structured Query Language/Learning by Doing

When learning SQL (or any other programming language), it is not sufficient to read books or listen to lectures. It's absolutely necessary that one does exercises - prescribed exercises as well as own made-up tests. In the case of SQL, one needs access to a DBMS installation, where he can create tables, store, retrieve and delete data, and so on.
This page offers hints and links to some popular DBMS. In most cases, one can download the system for test purposes or use a free community edition. Some of them offer an online version so that there is no need for any local installation. Instead, such systems can be used in the cloud.
Often, but not always, a DBMS consists of more than the pure database engine. To be able to formulate SQL commands easily, we additionally need an interactive access to the database engine. Different client programs and IDEs provide this. They offer interactive access, and in many cases, they are part of the downloads. (In some cases, there are several different clients from the same producer.) At the same time, there are client programs and IDEs from other companies or organizations which offer only an interactive access but no DBMS. Such clients often support a lot of different DBMS.

## Derby

http://db.apache.org/derby/

## Firebird

http://www.firebirdsql.org/

## IBM DB2

http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/db2/linux-unix-windows/

## IBM Informix

http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/informix/

## MariaDB

https://mariadb.org/

## MS SQL Server

http://www.microsoft.com/en/server-cloud/products/sql-server/default.aspx

## MySQL

DBMS: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ IDE for administration and SQL-tests: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/

## Oracle

The Oracle database engine is available in 4 editions: Enterprise Edition (EE), Standard Edition (SE), Standard Edition One (SE One), and Express Edition (XE). The last-mentioned is the community edition and is sufficient for this course. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html.
SQL-Developer is an IDE with an Eclipse-like look-and-feel and offers access to the database engine. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/sql-developer/overview/
In the context of Oracles application builder APEX (APplication EXpress), there is a cloud solution consisting of a database engine plus APEX. https://apex.oracle.com/. Among a lot of other things, it offers an SQL workshop where everybody can execute his own SQL commands for testing purposes. On the other hand, APEX can be downloaded separately and installed into any of the above editions except for the Express Edition.

## PostgreSQL

http://www.postgresql.org/

## SQLite

http://www.sqlite.org/

## Online Access

SQL Fiddle offers an online access to following implementations: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MS SQL Server, Oracle, and SQLite.
# Structured Query Language/Managing Rights

For multiuser systems like DBMSs, it is necessary to grant and revoke rights for manipulating its objects. The GRANT command defines which user can manipulate (create, read, change, drop, ...) which object (tables, views, indexes, sequences, triggers, ...).
The REVOKE statement deprives the granted rights.
The example statement grants SELECT and INSERT on table person to the user hibernate. The second statement removes the granted rights.

## Privileges

Privileges are actions that users can perform. The SQL standard supports only a limited list of privileges, whereas real implementations offer a great bunch of different privileges. The list consists of: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE <object_type>, DROP <object_type>, EXECUTE, ... .

## Object Types

The list of object types, to which privileges may be granted, is short in the SQL standard and long for real implementations. It consists of tables, views, indexes, sequences, triggers, procedures, ... .

## Roles / Public

If there is a great number of users connecting to the DBMS, it is helpful to group users with identical rights to a role and grant privileges not to the individual users but the role. To do so, the role must be created by a CREATE ROLE statement. Afterward, users are joined with this role.
Instead of individual usernames, the keyword PUBLIC denotes all known users.

## Grant Option

If a DBA wants to delegate the managing of rights to special users, he can grant privileges to them and extend the statement with the phrase 'WITH GRANT OPTION'. This enables the users to grant the received privileges to any other user.
# Structured Query Language/INSERT 2

Hint: Be carefull and deactivate AUTOCOMMIT.
The basic syntax and semantic of the INSERT command is described on the page INSERT. There are examples of how to insert single rows with fixed values into a table. The present page describes how to dynamize the command by the use of subqueries.

## Evaluate Values at Runtime

First, the values to be inserted may be evaluated in a relatively strict way by reading the system time or other (quasi) constants.
Next, the values to be inserted may be evaluated by a scalar value subquery. This means, that single values may be computed at runtime based on the rows of the same or another table.

## Evaluate Rows at Runtime

Similar to the previous example of a single scalar value from a scalar value subquery, one can use a table subquery to get several rows and insert them into the specified table within one INSERT command. This version is able to insert thousands of rows with one single statement. In addition to its dynamic nature, it saves all but one round-trip between the application and the DBMS and therefore is much faster than a lot of single row-based INSERTs.
The syntax is changed such that a complete subquery replaces the keyword 'VALUES' with its list of values (often named 'subselect'), which starts with the keyword 'SELECT'. Of course, the number and type of the selected columns must correlate with the number and type of the columns in the specified column list that follows the 'INSERT INTO' keyword. Within the subquery, the complete power of the SELECT statement may be used: JOIN, WHERE, GROUP BY, ORDER BY, and especially other subqueries in a recursive manner. There is a wide range of use cases: create rows with increased version numbers, with percentage increased salary, with the actual timestamp, fixed values from rows of the same or another table, ... .
The technique shown at Structured Query Language/Example Database Data, which multiplies existing data, e.g., for testing purpose, is based on such table subqueries.

## Exercises

Insert a new person with id 1301, firstname 'Mr. Mean', lastname is the lowest lastname (in the sense of the character encoding, use min function). Its weight is the average weight of all persons (use avg function).
Insert one additional person per family (=lastname) with firstname 'An extraordinary family member', lastname is the family name. Incorporate only the rows from the original example database with id <= 10.
Clean up your database.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/Pigma Dengar

Pigma Dengar is a fictional pig character from the Star Fox series.
Pigma is a greedy, unintelligent character described by fans as a character you love to hate.
He first appears as a villain in the never-released Star Fox 2 for the Super Famicom, as one of the Star Wolf mercenaries sent by the evil Andross to attack the player throughout the course of the game.
He appears again in Star Fox 64, where—as part of a flashback—he is shown to have originally been an Arwing pilot working for the Star Fox team. Pigma was sent out on a mission together with James McCloud and Peppy Hare to investigate strange activity coming from the planet Venom, which served as the residence of the exiled professor Andross. Upon their arrival on Venom, Pigma committed treason against Corneria and betrayed the Star Fox team and went over to Andross's side. He later joined the villain counterpart of the Star Fox team—Star Wolf. When you face Star Wolf, Pigma will attack Peppy.
In Star Fox: Assault, he attempts to control the Aparoids, but instead becomes consumed by them, rendering him braindead with his body attached to the boss of Mission 5: Asteroid Belt, and subsequently killing him.
Pigma is exceptionally greedy and does not care who he hurts or kills so long as he ends up with a large paycheck in the end. His greed is what drove him to betray James McCloud and Peppy Hare, who likely considered him a friend until that point. This incredible greed disgusted Wolf O'Donnell, who in turn kicked Pigma off of the Star Wolf team. His greed eventually led to his demise as explained earlier.
Pigma is the one of the few characters in the series to hold both Star Fox and Star Wolf membership.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/Leon Powalski

Leon Powalski is an anthropomorphic lizard from the Star Fox series of video games. He is a member of Star Wolf and has been ever since his first official appearance in Star Fox 64 (he had previously appeared in the shelved game Star Fox 2). He is cold and calculating and enjoys playing cat-and-mouse. He has no morals or conscience and will perform any job with machinelike disinterest. He always torments and mocks his victims before finishing them off. He seems to have a grudge against Falco Lombardi, perhaps due to some past encounter, although this is never explored in the games.
Also, many fans believe that Leon is an expert in torture, though the only thing in-game that suggests this is one of his taunts in Star Fox 64: "I think I'll torture you for a while," as well as his opening line in Star Fox: Assault : "I think I'll torment you a bit before I cook you."
While Wolf O'Donnell is labeled the leader of the Star Wolf team in his profile on the Japanese Star Fox: Assault website, Leon is simply labeled as "killer".
Wolf O'Donnell and Leon are the only original members of Star Wolf to remain with Star Wolf in Star Fox: Assault.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/Katt Monroe

Katt Monroe is the pink cat players meet in Star Fox 64. Katt has a crush on Falco Lombardi, and although he will never utter any word of it (besides "Katt...? Where'd you go?"), he really likes her to some extent himself.

## Katt's story

According to the Star Fox comic, Katt was part of a gang and, by the way it is laid out, most likely the Space Hot Rodders, the same gang that Falco himself was a part of. Katt meets up with the team in Star Fox 64 on the planet Zoness, and helps players flip a few switches (as well as in Macbeth and/or Sector Z later in the game). Katt and Falco continually talk among the transmitter, usually arguing, and has become a theme in most Star Fox fan-artists' art works. Rumor has it that Katt lives among the floating cities of Zoness.

## Katt's appearance and personality

Katt's exact species is unknown, although from her appearance and color, players can assume she is some sort of alien cat. Katt is pink with a dark cream-colored muzzle and a very feminine personality. Katt most likely has the unreleased character Faye's personality. Katt seems to have a high experience in flying.

## Katt's ship

Katt's ship is the CatsPaw. The ship is actually one of Venom's Invader-class interceptors, stolen by Katt when she was working solo against them. The craft has an extremely high velocity and a seemingly indestructible shield. The CatsPaw is quadruple winged, and consists of a pink color and a white body. The jet also sparkles as it flies by.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/Prince Tricky

Prince Tricky is a fictional character from the Star Fox universe. He is an EarthWalker (or a triceratops) and serves as Fox McCloud's companion in Star Fox Adventures. In this game, Tricky performs different tasks for Fox when fed GrubTubs (little blue mushroom-like food). He can open small caves and act as a flamethrower, among other abilities. Although he is a useful character, many fans find him annoying. He acts as the comic relief of the game.
Tricky's reason for accompanying Fox on his adventure is to save his imprisoned dad, as his mom's health is too poor to undertake such a task.

## Tricky's abilities in Star Fox Adventures

* Find secret: Tricky could uncover something by digging or something else with this ability.
* Stay: Tricky stays somewhere and doesn't follow Fox as usual.
* Call Tricky: Fox can summon Tricky if he has lost him, or previously ordered him to stay.
* Flame: Similar to a flamethrower. It can melt ice and set things on fire. If Fox hits Tricky too many times, Tricky will use this on him.
* Play: Fox can buy Tricky a ball in the shop in order to play fetch with him. Playing with Tricky causes him to change colors.

## Other appearances

The character Tricky first appeared as an older, larger triceratops in Diddy Kong Racing, a game that came out several years before Star Fox Adventures. (Although it is debatable if this boss is the same character) Both games were developed by Rareware.
His official second appearance is in Star Fox: Assault. In that game, he has grown into a teenage/adult EarthWalker. During this brief appearance, Fox tells him to help Sauria recover from the Aparoid invasion. After Fox and Krystal save him, he says he will take care of Sauria so Fox and Krystal can come back on their honeymoon. (This causes Fox to begin stuttering but it doesn't seem to bother Krystal at all.) Tricky's personality remains the same in Assault, much to the annoyance of fans. It appears that his sense of humor had not grown with his size.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/General Pepper

General Pepper is the Commander-in-chief of the Cornerian Defense Forces in the Star Fox series of video games. He is an anthropomorphic Bloodhound dog.
It is believed by many fans of the Star Fox series that General Pepper's name is a play on The Beatles song and album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Pepper's outfit resembles that worn by the Beatles on the cover of the album. A Star Fox comic spanning several issues of Nintendo Power in 1993 also once made the reference, though the print on the bass drum read "Sgt. Pepper's Happy Heart".

## History

Shortly after taking office, General Pepper exiled the evil scientist, Andross, to the planet Venom for conducting dangerous experiments.
After Andross started building up forces, Pepper hired the Star Fox team, under the leadership of James McCloud, to investigate. That mission ended up being James McCloud's last, due to Pigma's betrayal.
A few years later, Pepper's forces were overrun by Andross. Pepper again hired Star Fox, but this time James's son Fox McCloud was at the helm of the unit. He also sent Fox to the planet Sauria in Star Fox Adventures to restore the Spellstones and Krazoa Spirits so that the planet wouldn't explode and send asteroids at its neighboring planets. Afterwards, Fox explains Andross's role in the crisis to the General.
Pepper was nearly killed in Star Fox: Assault when his flagship was infected by Aparoids. At the General's own request, Fox McCloud destroyed the flagship, with the General still onboard. At the last second, Peppy Hare flies in and catches the crashing ship in an Arwing, saving the General's life. As of Star Fox Command, however, Pepper had grown morbidly ill to the point he was no longer capable of leading the Cornerian Army, a task that has since fallen to Peppy Hare. Of note is that in one story line, Krystal tells Fox that it was infighting between Pepper and Andross that led to Andross's exile, and that his experiments were not intended for harm. Whether or not this is part of the final game canon is unknown.
In Star Fox: Assault, he is voiced by Gray Eubank.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/James McCloud

James McCloud is a fictional character from the Star Fox series of video games. He is the father of Fox McCloud and the founder of the Star Fox team. He was betrayed by Pigma Dengar and captured and killed by the evil Andross, his and his son's archnemesis. Peppy Hare informed James's son about his fate. Although, it is debatable whether or not he is truly dead.
The only mention he was given in the original Star Fox was in the briefing before going into the Black Hole, when General Pepper mentions that the Black Hole was where James disappeared, though he was not mentioned by name.
Until Star Fox 64, Fox McCloud's father was not called "James." Some references, such as the comic adaptation published in Nintendo Power, called him "Fox McCloud, Sr." From this it could be theorized that his full name is "James Fox McCloud". His son was either named using his middle name, not an uncommon practice, or his full name is James Fox McCloud Jr., and Fox goes by his middle name to distinguish between himself and his father.
James McCloud makes a very minor appearance in Star Fox: Assault. The Aparoid Queen uses his voice to taunt Fox. The Queen likely got such information from the memories of Pigma and General Pepper.
At the end of Star Fox 64 (depending on if the player fought at Area 6 or Bolse) James' ghost helps Fox escape the planet Venom, but then disappears soon afterwards when Fox returns to the Great Fox after the battle with Andross. James was supposed to have been killed, and no one is quite sure how James guided Fox out. Some think that Fox had some sort of hallucination or vision, or that James had escaped Andross. However, the latter theory holds not much weight, as if James had survived, how did he disappear, and why didn't he approach Fox earlier, helping him?
Appearance wise, James looks much like Fox, except for wearing sunglasses, and having darker brown fur, although this difference is not quite as obvious in Star Fox: Assault.

## F-Zero character

There is a character named James McCloud in the F-Zero series of games. While the character is a human, he bears definite resemblance to James and Fox McCloud; he has clothing similar to Fox, has sunglasses similar to James', and his hair kind of looks like fox ears. The F-Zero machine he drives (The Little Wyvern) resembles a wingless Arwing, and he's a member of mercenary group "Galaxy Dog". The bio also notes he has a little son.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/ROB 64

ROB 64 is the robotic operator of the Great Fox mothership in the Star Fox series of video games. In the Japanese version of the series, he is called NUS 64 ("NUS" standing for "Nintendo Ultra Sixty-four", the original name of the Nintendo 64 system).
Though his full name is ROB 64, he often referred to as just "ROB." ROB has the ability to completely control the Great Fox, making the ship fully autonomous. ROB is also networked to the ship's main computers, allowing ROB to process any information requested by the Star Fox team. ROB can also use the ship's transfer device to send vehicles and items to Star Fox team members in the field.
ROB was nearly destroyed in Star Fox: Assault when Peppy Hare crashed the Great Fox into the shield protecting the entrance to the Aparoid Queen's lair, but Peppy and ROB managed to find an escape pod before the ship was destroyed.

## ROB's Changing Appearances
### Star Fox 64

We really don't get much of a glimpse of ROB except his face. Because of the blocky shape of his head, it might have been inferred that he was somewhat bulky, although that does not appear to be the case.

### Star Fox Adventures

ROB here looks somewhat disheveled and fallen into a state of slight disrepair, as does the rest of the Star Fox Team. Due to a Supply Transfer Error, ROB scattered all of the Arwing's fuel cells at the outset of the game, forcing Fox to search for them.

### Star Fox: Assault

Again, ROB's appearance mirrors the state of things for the Star Fox Team. ROB looks upgraded and better-maintained, as does the Great Fox itself.

## ROB: What's In A Name?

ROB is an in-joke in the Nintendo universe. He is a based on the Nintendo Entertainment System accessory R.O.B. the Robotic Operating Buddy. The 64 comes from the Nintendo 64.
# Star Fox franchise strategy guide/Characters/Panther Caroso

Panther Caroso is a fictional character from the video game Star Fox: Assault. He is the newest member of Star Wolf, a band of mercenaries. His symbol is a red rose.
Panther is a flirt, and he considers himself a ladies man. His conceit is so great that those around him are embarrassed. This bothers Wolf and Leon a lot.
In Star Fox: Assault, he flirted with Krystal, but she either ignored or rejected it depending on where in the game it happens. His first attempt was outside the Sargasso Hideout and the second, inside the tunnel leading to the Aparoid Queen.
# TI-Basic Z80 Programming/List of Commands/Lbl

Lbl is used with the commands Goto and Menu. When a Goto command is issued, the program will branch from the Goto to the proper Lbl.
In the above example, the program would branch from Goto WB and move to Lbl WB. The WB on the Goto and Lbl tells the program what label to goto. The naming convention for labels:
* The name must be made up of any combination of numbers, uppercase letters, and/or theta(s).
* The name must not exceed two characters in length.
RIGHT:
WRONG:
RIGHT:
RIGHT:
WRONG:
Lbl must be the first command after a colon: RIGHT:
WRONG:

## =Using Lbl with Other Commands

Lbl is useless without use of the Goto command, or the Menu command. As explained above, Goto will branch the program to the corresponding Lbl.
* You can have multiple Goto commands, but...
* You cannot have multiple Lbl commands.
If you were to have multiple Lbls, then the calculator goes to the first Lbl it finds in the program, starting from the top. This rather defeats having multiple Lbls.
RIGHT:
Using Lbl and Goto, you can create a loop. This practice has been greatly depreciated, and you should instead use commands such as Repeat, If-Then, etc.
* Lbl and Goto should only be widely used for menus, where they are required. Otherwise, try and use alternate commands.

### Menu and Lbl

Menus also utilize labels. When a user selects an option from the menu, they are taken to the corresponding label. Syntax is as follows: (note that this merely shows where the proper values should be inserted)
A working example:
In the above example, if the user selects OPTION 1, then they would be taken to Lbl L1.
In order to understand Lbl completely, you should also read:
* Goto
* Menu
# TI-Basic Z80 Programming/List of Commands/ClrHome

ClrHome (prgm:I/O:8)
This instruction clears the calculator's home screen and makes the next Disp command display on the first line.