OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/AntiLit

| Color | White |
| Level | 2 |
| Location | Pravoka |
| Price | 400 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
AntiLit is a defensive White Magic spell that creates a magical barrier to protect the cast and his allies from Lightning based attacks. It reduces the damage from such attacks by 50% for all those the caster wishes. It is a temporary spell that wears off after a battle is finished. It is very similar to the AntiFire and AntiIce spells.
AntiLit can be cast by:
* Knight
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
* White Mage / White Wizard
Final Fantasy Origins: NulBolt
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/AntiMute

| Color | White |
| Level | 4 |
| Location | Elfland |
| Price | 4000 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
AntiMute is a curative White Magic spell that restores the power of speech to those who have been muted. It works much like the spells Lamp, Pure, and Soft. AntiMute counters the effects of the spell Mute.
However, this spell is not considered worthwhile since only a couple monsters in the game use Mute or a similar attack, and even then it rarely comes into play. (Trivia: AMUT was nominated as one of the "Most Useless Powerups in Video Game History" at www.seanbaby.com.)
AntiMute can be cast by:
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
* White Mage / White Wizard
Final Fantasy Origins: Vox
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Harm

| Color | White |
| Level | 1 |
| Location | Coneria |
| Price | 100 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
Harm is a reversed Cure spell that targets enemy undead. The caster calls upon the forces of White Magic to smite evil abominations. These dark creatures are unable to withstand the power of white magical energy, and are often severely damaged or even destroyed when targeted by this spell. Harm has a number of variants, including Harm2, Harm3, and Harm4.
Harm can be cast by:
* White Mage
* White Wizard
Final Fantasy Origins: Dia
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Cure2

| Color | White |
| Level | 3 |
| Location | Elfland |
| Price | 1500 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | Yes |
The Cure2 spell is a White Magic spell that restores a medium amount of health to a wounded hero. It is a more powerful variant of the basic Cure spell. The caster calls upon white dweomers to repair damage done by foes, mending moderate injuries and lessening greater ones. Even stronger versions of the spell include Cure3 and Cure4. Cure2 may be cast upon all allies by the use of the Heal2 spell. When reversed, the Cure2 spell can also be cast as Harm2 to injure or destroy undead.
Cure2 may be cast by:
* White Mage
* White Wizard
* Red Mage
* Red Wizard
* Knight
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Fear

| Color | White |
| Level | 4 |
| Location | Elfland |
| Price | 4000 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
Fear is one of the few White Magic spells that directly affects enemies rather than allies of the caster. Fear attempts to instill a deep sense of terror in the caster's foes, in hopes that the creatures will run away instead of mauling the caster and his friends. However, it is against the nature of many monsters to fear mere humans, and the Fear spell is often unable to affect their psyche sufficiently to create the desired effect.
Fear can be cast by:
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Heal

| Color | White |
| Level | 3 |
| Location | Elfland |
| Price | 1500 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | Yes |
Heal is a moderately powerful White Magic spell that restores a small amount of health to all wounded heroes. It is about as effective as the Cure spell, with the main difference being that Heal affects each ally of the caster instead of only one. Like Cure, there are a number of variants of the Heal spell, including Heal2 and Heal3.
Cure may be cast by:
* White Mage
* White Wizard
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Invisibility

| Color | White |
| Level | 2 |
| Location | Pravoka |
| Price | 400 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
Invisibility creates an illusion of invisibility around one of the caster's allies, improving that hero's ability to dodge enemy attacks. Like most other combat spells, the effect of Invis wears off soon after battle. There is also a more powerful version of Invisibility, Invisibility2, that affects all allies instead of the one provided protection by Invisibility.
Invisibility can be cast by:
* Knight
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
* White Mage / White Wizard
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Fog

| Color | White |
| Level | 1 |
| Location | Coneria |
| Price | 100 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
Fog summons clouds of condensed White Magic aether to surround an ally of the caster. This fog serves a defensive purpose, slowing the blows of enemies that attempt to strike the protected hero. It is a temporary effect, however, and cannot be maintained for long after a battle is completed. There is a more powerful variant, Fog2.
Fog may be cast by:
* Knight
* Red Mage / Red Wizard
* White Mage / White Wizard
In Final Fantasy Origins, Fog is the name of the Black Magic spell Dark.
Final Fantasy Origins: Shield
# Final Fantasy/White Magic/Harm2

| Color | White |
| Level | 3 |
| Location | Elfland |
| Price | 1500 G |
| Battle Use | Yes |
| Field Use | No |
Harm2 is a reversed Cure2 spell that targets enemy undead. It is a more powerful variant of the Harm spell. The caster calls upon the forces of White Magic to smite evil abominations. These dark creatures are unable to withstand the power of white magical energy, and are often severely damaged or even destroyed when targeted by this spell. Harm2 is not the most powerful anti-undead spell, with even stronger versions known as Harm3 and Harm4.
Harm2 can be cast by:
* White Mage
* White Wizard
Final Fantasy Origins: Dia2
# Fundamentals of Human Nutrition/Introduction to Nutrition
## Introduction to Nutrition

In this text, we will learn how nutrients drive growth and development as well as helping maintain health. We will review the concept of malnutrition and how unbalanced nutrition leads to primary and secondary malnutrition. Specifically we will review the basics of poor nutrition in relation to insufficient and excess macronutrient intake, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, over-elimination of nutrients, restrictive diets, digestive disorders, metabolic disorders, chronic disease, genetic mutations, stage of life changes, and other special concerns.
1. Nutrition Basics

### You Are What You Eat
#### Defining Nutrition

*** Malnutrition
*** Macronutrient basics
*** Micronutrient basics
* Nutritional Science
** Nutrition Research
* History of Vitamins and Minerals
** Early epidemiological findings
*** Disease theories
*** Food cures
** Barriers to discovery
** Economics of nutritional deficiency
** Discovery of vitamins
*** Key researchers
*** Identification
*** Isolation
# Electronics/Batteries/Care

This is a page on how to care for batteries:

## General

When storing batteries, remember to refrigerate the batteries to stretch their shelf life. All batteries have some rate of self-discharge.

## Rechargeable
### Nickel-cadmium

When using a nickel-cadmium battery, remember to discharge the battery to "empty" before recharging it to "full" since the so-called memory effect occurs if you recharge the battery after discharging only "partially".
# Electronics/Aim

Electronics | Foreword | Basic Electronics | Complex Electronics | Electricity | Machines | History of Electronics | Appendix |
The aim of this textbook is to explain the design and function of electronic circuits and components. The text covers electronic circuit components, DC analysis, and AC analysis.
It should be useful to beginner hobbyists as well as beginner engineering students, teaching both theory and practical applications.
It should be thought of as a companion project to the Wikipedia articles about electronics. While Wikipedia covers many details about the technology used in electronics components and related fields, the Electronics Wikibook covers a lot of the "how-to" aspects that aren't covered in an encyclopedia. The book will focus on how to use the components to build useful circuits.
# Electronics/Audio Electronics

white noise generator

## Everything past this point is notes

Electromagnets are also used in loudspeakers. You have a voltage that is dependent on the sound's pitch and volume which turns a magnetic field on and off, setting the loudspeaker vibrating.
Microphone = Records sound

## The Loud Speaker

* A cut through diagram of a typical speaker
A speaker consists of a paper cone attached to a coil which acts as a small electromagnet. The coil is fitted over a permanent magnet, and as the current flows through the coil it is either attracted or repelled depending on which direction the current flows. A typical signal from an amplifier will be a varying a.c. current, and so the cone will vibrate back and forth at the same frequency as the current. As the cone vibrates, it sets up pressure waves in the air, which we hear as sound.
* Summary

## The electric bell

Once the battery is connected a current flows in the wire loops around the U shaped soft iron core.
This turns the core into an electromagnet.
The electromagnet attracts the amateur which is also made of soft iron.
As the amateur moves towards the electromagnet, it causes the hammer to strike the bell. At the same time it breaks the circuit at X.
The break in the circuit causes the current to stop flowing.
The soft iron cores loses it's magnetic field and releases the amateur which springs back to its original position.
The contact screw touches the springy metal and completes the circuit. The whole cycle is repeated over and over until the battery is disconnected or runs down.
electric guitar
electric keyboard
# Electronics/Analog to Digital Converters

Most information in the real world is considered analog (e.g. Audio, temperature and distance) the problem is modern day processing in electronics is done in binary ( a series of 1s and 0s) An analog to digital converter is an IC that solves this problem.

## Step Size

The step size is the voltage difference between one digital level (i.e. 0001) and the next one (i.e. 0010 or 0000). For example if an ADC has a step size of 1 Volt an input of 1 volt will produce an output, in a 4 bit converter, of 0001. 0 volts is always considered 0000. Obviously, real world ADCs and DACs would be functionally useless with such a large step size, and most modern devices have step sizes in the microvolt range.
Step size is an important consideration, as well as how many bits will be used. A 4 bit converter with a step size of 1 volt can show a maximum of 15 volts at the input, however a complex sine wave will be heavily distorted. Decreasing the step size to .5 volts will reduce the distortion but lower the maximum input reading. As smaller step sizes are used, higher bit converters are needed to keep maximum voltages equal.
This explains what many consumer audio products mean by "X bit outputs".
# Electronics/Basic gates
## Basic Gates

There are 5 basic gates used in performing logic operations in Digital Electronic namely BUFFER gate, NOT gate, AND gate, OR gate, XOR gate . Each Logic Gate has A Symbol for easy to identify , a Mathematical Expression to identify mathematic logic operation and a Truth Table to completely describe operation of the Logic Gate

## Five Basic Logic Gates

    Digital gatesSymbolLogic OperationMathematic Expression BUFFERY = BUFFER AY = A NOTY = NOT AY = ${\bar {A}}$ ANDY = A AND BY = A . B ORY = A OR BY = A + B XORY = A XOR BY = ${A\oplus B}$
The Truth Table of the five basic logic gates above
    ABQ = AQ = NOT AQ = A AND BQ = A OR BQ = A XOR B 0001000 0101011 1010011 1110110

## Complement of Basic Logic gates

    Basic GatesCombination GatesSymbolMathematical Expression BUFFER Q = is NOT NOT A Y = A NOT Y = is NOT A NAND Q = NOT A AND B NOR Y = NOT A OR B XNOR Q = NOT A XOR B
The Truth table of the combination gates above
    ABQ = AQ = NOT AQ = A NAND BQ = A NOR BQ = A XNOR B 0001111 0101100 1010100 1110001

## Summary

    Gates Function Symbol ANSIIEC Buffer $Q=A$ NOT gate (Inverter) $Q={\overline {A}}$ AND gate $Q=A\cdot B$ NAND gate (NOT−AND) $Q={\overline {A\cdot B}}$ OR gate $Q=A+B$ NOR gate (NOT−OR) $Q={\overline {A+B}}$ XOR gate (Exclusive-OR) $Q=A\oplus B$ XNOR gate (NOT−exclusive−OR) $Q={\overline {A\oplus B}}$
    ABQ = AQ = NOT AQ = A AND BQ = A OR BQ = A XOR BQ = A NAND BQ = A NOR BQ = A XNOR B 0001000111 0101011100 1010011100 1110110001
# Electronics/Analog Circuits

As explained later, digital signals can only take one of two values at any one point. Analog signals, however, can take any value within a range. In modern electronics, many traditionally analog circuits are being replaced with digital ICs for various reasons:
* Reduced cost:
** Digital ICs can be programmed, meaning many different analog circuits can each be replaced with the same IC, reducing cost. For example, the same DSP chip might replace many different analog filters.
** Digital ICs can be easily expanded to put multiple functions on the same chip. For example, a DSP chip replacing multiple analog filters at the same time.
** Digital ICs can be reprogrammed without modifying the circuit, simplifying prototyping and field upgrades.
* Increased versatility:
** A digital IC can have its settings changed arbitrarily while it is being operated, these settings can even be changed by software. The equivalent in an analog circuit might require expensive and complicated switching techniques.
* Numeric precision: once a signal is converted to digital data, distortion and circuit noise are no longer a significant issue. A cheap modern watch driven by a digital circuit (such as a quartz oscillator and a counter) is more precise than any analog or mechanical clock.
* Ease of storage: digital data, once recorded, does not degrade as easily as analog data.
Digital circuits are also becoming more prevalent where there are no analog analogues, such as computers. Although analogue computers exist, their utility is severely limited by comparison.
Analog circuits are still more suitable for many functions.
One important category is interfaces. Digital circuits are usually inferior to analog circuits for receiving and transmitting signals.
* A common digital interface, the differential line, needs an analog circuit to function well. The receiver must filter out common mode interference by computing the analog difference between the two lines. Most digital interfaces are designed as analog, only a few legacy interfaces (which have poor performance) use entirely digital circuits.
* Many radio signals are simply too high frequency to work with existing digital circuits. Radio modulators, demodulators, mixers, transmitters, and receivers are still analog. Some signals are even too high frequency for transistor circuits of any kind to amplify efficiently, such as microwave signals, which are still transmitted using vacuum tubes.
* Signals must be conditioned before conversion to digital to avoid aliasing: analog filters remove unwanted parts of signals.
* Many devices, such as monitors, require analog control. Even LCD monitors require analog circuits, although they need not be as sophisticated as CRT analog circuits.
* Audio equipment requires analog circuits. Speakers must be driven by analog signals, microphones produce analog signals. Signal of a microphone must be conditioned before conversion to digital, this usually entails sophisticated analog circuits such as preamplifers, compressors, and filters.
# GIMP/Body Shifting

This is more or less how magazines are manipulating their images so that the models look "perfect" in their eyes and other areas. A nice example of this in Adobe Photoshop is available at . I strongly recommend using the latest version of The GIMP.
Load an image that you want to manipulate. Go in <Image> Filters > Distorts > IWarp (for Adobe Photoshop and Photoshop Elements users, this is the equivalent of the "Liquify" filter).
You manipulate the image in the preview. In the "Deform Mode" section, choose "Move", this will deform the image in the direction of the movement of the mouse. For the purpose of body shifting, "Remove", "Grow" and "Shrink" are the other interesting buttons. They do what it says on the tin. Adjust "Deform radius" and "Deform amount" to your likings, depending how subtle your edits have to be. Also the "Swirl" options produce interesting results. If you want to start over (e.g. you messed your image up) click on "Reset".
← Assemble Images · Create a Metal Effect →
# The Basics

Shortcut: O
On the right side you can see the settings for the colour picker. Here's a short description of everything there:
   * Sample average - set whether to pick average value from pixels within some radius (1 to 300px) of the selected point.
   * Sample merged - set whether to merge the colour from all visible layers and pick that (i.e. to pick the colour as seen).
   * Pick mode - modes, see below.
   * Use info window - set whether you want to see the info window, see below.

## Pick Mode

There are four modes in the colour picker tool. Here are their descriptions:
   * Pick only - only picks a colour, doing nothing to it (information dialogue must be turned on);
   * Set foreground colour - picked colour is used as foreground colour;
   * Set background colour - picked colour is used as background colour;
   * Add to palette - adds the colour to the palette, especially useful while creating palettes;
Ctrl switches between Set foreground colour and Set background colour, when either of these is active.

## Info Window

Shows an info window, with two columns of information - you can choose for both of those these options: pixel, RGB, HSV and CMYK, with pixel and RGB being active by default. Shift toggles it on and off.
← Foreground Select · Zoom Tool →
# GIMP/Channels

Channels are very similar to layers, however, each layer corresponds with a particular level in the color model of the image (RGB, HSV or CMYK). Channels can be selected in any combination, and are shaded gray if currently active. You can also view and edit the channels separately, making changes to a single color while viewing the full-color image in your image window. Choosing what channels to display is done the same way as choosing what layers to display. Simply click the box next to it, and an eye will appear, indicating that the channel is displayed. Keep in mind, a channel can still be edited even if it is not displayed. This can lead to problems if you don't catch it early, and may require undoing a large number of edits to fix.
At the time of this writing, GIMP only supports the RGB (Red, Blue, Green) and the HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) representation of the color model. CMYK isn't natively supported by GIMP, but a plug in giving some functionality is available at the website below.
http://www.blackfiveservices.co.uk/separate.shtml
The GIMP also supports the adding of custom channels allowing for even more advanced editing.
← Layers · Decompose →
# GIMP/Colours

GIMP can understand a number of different colour formats with a varying degree of support. It supports three so called modes: RGB, grayscale, and indexed.
To change the mode of the image, choose in the menu from <Image> Image > Mode > ....

## Colour Modes

GIMP supports the following color modes:
* True Colour (RGB): This has the best support in GIMP. It is made up from 3 channels of 256 tonal variants, making a total of 16.7 million colours - 256 * 256 * 256. Supported formats: XCF, PNG, TGA, TIFF, SGI, BMP.
* Grayscale: The grayscale mode uses one channel to display a gray image. GIMP supports grayscale well and is usable for most tools that don't specifically require colour information.Supported formats: XCF, PNG, TGA, TIFF, SGI.
* Indexed: In this mode, the image consist of pixels picked from a palette of up to 256 colours.
When you convert an image into this mode, or when you are reducing the color depth of an image, dithering options give you control over how colours are scattered. For the best quality results (especially with pictures that have gradual tonal variance) use Floyd-Steinberg dithering: it will give a grainy texture to the picture, but reduce visible banding between different colours. On the other hand, reduced or no dithering will result in smaller files when saved as GIF or PNG (or BMP with the Run-Length Encoded option set).
Supported formats: XCF, PNG, GIF, BMP.
* Monochrome: Two colours, often black and white. GIMP sees this as an indexed image with only 2 colours. Supported formats: XCF, PNG, GIF, BMP.
Menu items for color modes:
* Image > Mode > RGB
* Image > Mode > Grayscale
* Image > Mode > Indexed

## Alpha Channel

Regardless of the mode, images can have an optional alpha channel for transparency. An image with an alpha channel can have transparent and semitransparent pixels, the degree of transparency of each pixel ranging from 0 to 255. Using transparency enabled by alpha channel, you can create a picture by stacking several layers on top of each other, save images for the web, or create images for 3D graphics that have holes or semi-opaque areas.
Formats that fully support alpha channel: XCF, PNG, TIFF, TGA, SGI. Formats that only support alpha channel as fully opaque or fully transparent: GIF, XPM.
Only Internet Explorer versions later than version 7 support transparency. Internet Explorer 6 and earlier do not.
Menu items for alpha channel:
* Layer > Transparency > Add Alpha Channel
* Layer > Transparency > Remove Alpha Channel
* Layer > Transparency > Add to Selection

## Colour Filter/Tools

Image, Mode, Decompose will split a colour image into a set of greyscale images, based on various colour models. Image, Mode, Compose does the opposite, combining greyscale images into colour ones. Striking effects may be obtained by recombining channels in a different model or order than they were decomposed in.
A number of colour adjustments can be found under Image, Colours, and colour effects under Image, Filters, Colours

## Bibliography

* Mode in GIMP manual
← Editing · Saving →
# GIMP/Cover

GIMP's Main window
# GIMP/Caption a Picture

This effect will create a text caption with an outline effect. Firstly, use the text tool to write your caption. A contrasting caption would typically be black text with a white border; the border will be coloured later, so use black text.
On the text layer, use
* <Image> Layer > Discard Text Information
* <Image> Layer > Layer to Image Size
* <Image> Layer > Mask > Add Layer Mask
Choose "Transfer layer's alpha channel" as initial mask
Duplicate the text layer ( in Layers dialogue or <Image> Layer > Duplicate Layer)
Select the lower layer's content, and fill it in white.
Switch to the layer's mask, and use <Image> Filters > Generic > Erode, this should expand the lower layer and give the text a border. This may need to be repeated several times ( Ctrl+F )
Different fills and gradients can be applied to the two layers for a range of effects. Additionally, if a layer's mask is copied into a new, hidden layer, this can be used to apply a bump map via <Image> Filters > Map > Bump Map.
A method that may be easier to follow is documented here with step-by-step photos.
← Removal of Unwanted Elements in the Image · Add a Shine to Buttons →
# GIMP/Create a Balloon

Step I First, create a square image, and fill it with the colour of the balloon. Next, use the text tool to add any writing. This should be centred, and take up no more than about one-third of the space in each dimension. Merge the text layer with the colour layer.
Step II Use "Map to Object" (<Image> Filters > Map > Map Object) to create a sphere. Ensure a transparent background is selected. By default, the sphere won't take up the whole of the image, so tweak this with the Orientation controls.
Step III To get the shape of a balloon, use Curve Bend (<Image> Filters > Distorts > Curve Bend). Select to work on the lower curve, as a smooth. Add one control point in the lower half of the grid, centred horizontally.
Step IV The resulting image won't fit the current size, so select <Image> Image > Fit Canvas to Layers.
← Create a Metal Effect · Create a Stone Texture →