OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nimzo-Larsen Attack: Classical Variation
### 1. d5

Black's move d5 controls the center and opens up the queenside bishop. This prevents White from playing e4 or Nc3 as the pawn will be taken or the knight kicked respectively.
White can respond with a variety of moves, where most of them lead to the same result, like Bb2 and Nf3.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
| 1. b3 d5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Analysis |
| Nimzo-Larsen Attack: Classical Variation | Bb2 Nf6 | e3 e6 | Nf3 Be7 | d4 O-O | = |
| Nimzo-Larsen Attack: Classical Variation by transposition | Nf3 Nf6 | Bb2 e6 | e3 ... | ... ... | = |
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## References

* Eric Schiller (2002). Unorthodox Chess Openings (Second Edition ed.). Cardoza. ISBN 1-58042-072-9. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Polish Opening
### 2. Bb2

White fianchettoes their queen’s bishop right away, attacking e5 (and Black’s kingside) but leaving their own b4-pawn unguarded. White reckons that Black’s central pawn will be worth more than a flank pawn, which generally is the case. This is a relatively uncharted opening. Black can try:
* 2...Bxb4 which practically forces White to play 3. Bxe5 with an unclear position in practice, though computer analysis has shown this position to very slightly favour White.
* 2...d6 which protects black's pawn on e5, but removes the attack on b4.
* 2...d5 which takes full control of the center, but Black must be careful not to fall into the trap 3. Bxe5 Bxb4?? allowing 4. Bxg7 with a winning position for White (Black’s rook will meet its demise next move, with no compensation).
* 2...Nc6? is a bad move. After 3. b5!, White wins a pawn after the knight moves, with 4. Bxe5.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. b4 e5 2. Bb2
| | 2 | 3 |
| Polish Opening, Main Line | Bb2 Bxb4 | Bxe5 Nf6 | +/= |
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## References

* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Nimzovich-Larsen Attack
### 1...Nf6

In this response, black develops a piece without committing to a pawn opening.
White normally completes the fianchetto through 2. Bb2, and black sets up the same pattern by attempting 2...g6 (where the knight shields the pawn.) White may then send out the kings knight with 3.Nf3, or claim the center with 3.e4 (with the knight being pinned).
Less common is 2.Nf3, which lets black setup a fianchetto of his own.

### Statistics

FICS Games Database shows the most common responses for white are Bb2 (64%), Nf3 (23%) and e3 (8%).

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
| 1.b3 Nf6 |
| | 2 | 3 |
| Indian Variation | Bb2 g6 | Nf3 Bg7 |
| - | Bb2 g6 | e4 d6 |
| - | Bb2 e6 | |
| - | Bb2 d6 | |
| - | Nf3 g6 | |
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# The Scientist's Method
### 3. d4

This move has the main goal - to change the pieces and bring the queen to the center field, black cannot reject the sacrificed pawn due to the loss of advantage.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
| 1. b3 e5 2. Bb2 Nc6 3. d4 |
| | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Accept: Classical Variation | ... exd4 | Bxd4 Nxd4 | Qxd4 d5 |
| Accept: Modern Variation | ... exd4 | Nf3 Bb4+ |
| Accept: Horse Variation | ... Nxd4 | Bxd4 exd4 | Qxd4 d5 |
| Accept: The Queen's Counterattack | ... exd4 | Bxd4 Nxd4 | Qxd4 Qf6 |
| Declined: Classical Variation | ... d6 | dxe5 dxe5 | Qxd8+ Kxd8 |
| Declined: Modern Variation | ... d6 | d5 Ne7 |
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# Chess Opening Theory/1. b4/1...c6
## 1...c6 · Outflank Variation

The Outflank Variation in the Polish Opening refers to a specific move sequence that Black can play after the initial move 1. b4. Here's how it goes:
* b4 c6. (Main Line - 2. Bb2 Qb6)
In this line, White fianchettos their queen's bishop with 2. Bb2, while Black develops their queen to b6. The Outflank Variation is characterized by both sides trying to control the queenside and create imbalances. The queen on b6 exerts pressure on White's queenside pawns and can lead to tactical opportunities.
It's worth noting that the Polish Opening is flexible, and there are various move orders and plans that can be employed by both sides. The Outflank Variation is just one of the possible ways to play against the Polish Opening.
1.b4 c6
# Polish Opening, Main Line
### 2...Bxb4

Black takes the undefended pawn which will most likely result in White recapturing with 3. Bxe5. Not only has Black now ceded White a central pawn majority for the b-pawn, but Black also has to worry about white's threat on g7. Also, a sharper but very risky option for White is 3. f4?!. At this point, Black can safely gain some form of advantage with 3...d6 4. fxe5 dxe5 5. Bxe5, due to white's weakened kingside and missing f-pawn. Black has, on the other hand, traded two central pawns for two flank pawns. Black can also accept the gambit with 3...exf4?!, leading to wild play and an unclear position after 4. Bxg7 Qh4+! 5. g3 fxg3 6. Bg2! gxh2+ 7. Kf1 hxg1=Q+ 8. Kxg1 Qg3 9. Bxh8, where White has a rook and a pawn for a knight and three pawns. The board is wide open and both sides have possibilities, though computers evaluate the position as objectively better for White. Nevertheless, computer evaluation has suggested that 3...Nh6! gives Black a large, if not winning advantage.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.
1. b4 e5 2. Bb2 Bxb4
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Bxe5 Nf6 | Bxf6 Qxf6 | =/+ |
| ... f6 | Bd4 | = |
| f4?! exf4?! | Bxg7 Qh4+! | g3 fxg3 | Bg2! gxh2+ | Kf1 hxg1=Q+ | Kxg1 Qg3 | Bxh8 ... | +/- |
| f4?! d6 | fxe5 dxe5 | Bxe5 Nf6 | Bxf6 Qxf6 | -+ |
| f4?! Nh6! | Bxe5 O-O! | e3 Nf5 | Bd3 d5 | Bxf5 Bxf5 | Ne2 Nc6 | O-O Nxe5 | -+ |
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## References

* ↑ http://www.chessgames.com/perl/analysis?fen=rnbqk1nr/pppp1ppp/8/4p3/1b6/8/PBPPPPPP/RN1QKBNR+w+KQkq+-&move=2.5"
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# COSTP World History Project/Causes and course of the First World War

The First World War was a tragedy that left over twenty million dead and planted the seeds for the Second World War two decades later. It marked the end of what seemed to be the gilded industrial age of European empires and replaced it with a new era of struggling republics in eastern Europe and the creation of the Soviet Union. While it is obvious that the world was changed dramatically by the war, the causes of the conflict are confusing and form a line of deadly dominoes that only become apparent after the assassination of Austria-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Bosnia on June 28, 1914.

## European Alliances

The main factor behind the evolution of events that led to World War One was the system of European alliances that developed in the decades before the conflict. Following the Franco-Prussian War, German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck sought an alliance that included Russia to deter a French attempt to regain the lost territory of Alsace-Lorraine. After Bismarck resigned in 1890, German Emperor Wilhelm II ended the Russian alliance and focused on building stronger relations with Austria-Hungary. The stronger alliance Wilhelm II sought with Austria-Hungary only worsened relations with Russia since Austria-Hungary's most likely cause of mobilization would be for a war against Russia.
"the day of Austro-Hungarian mobilization, for whatever cause, will be the day of German mobilization too" – Kaiser Wilhelm II
Russia then pursued an alliance with France in 1892 that became final in 1894 to counter any future German or Austria-Hungarian aggression. The Russian-French Alliance then expanded in 1904 with the Entente cordiale between Britain and France to form the Triple Entente. Britain joined the alliance over German threats to increase their navy's size and threaten the superiority of the British Royal Navy. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary had also expanded their alliance in 1882 to include Italy to form the Triple Alliance. The Triple Alliance was renewed in 1902, but Italy did not fight with what would become the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary due to their non-defensive role in the conflict and Italy would eventually join the Entente. --Kirkh (talk) 23:51, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

## Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary Franz Ferdinand was the spark that touched off the powder keg built over the past decade by the alliances. Austria-Hungary had taken over the administration of Bosnia-Herzegovina from the decaying Ottoman Empire which had angered the Kingdom of Serbia due to the large amount of Serbs living in Bosnia-Herzegovina. This hostility eventually led to Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian-Serb student and member of Young Bosnia, shooting and killing the Archduke while he was traveling through Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina on June 28, 1914. --Kirkh (talk) 00:14, 23 August 2009 (UTC)
# COSTP World History Project/Effects of WWII

The United States after winning the Pacific and Atlantic War against Japan and Hitler's regime went into a very prosperous time in their history. Many of soldiers returned home which lead to an influx of job's and opportunities for marriage. It was during this time that we had the period of the baby boomers were born, many of whom are your mom's and dad's today. The economy of the United States accelerated around the country, leading to one of the most successful economies in United States history. An example could be Levittown's which was created under a man named Levit who created houses at an inexpensive price. They were basically the same house so they could be mass produced and gave the soldiers who just returned home to the country a home.
# COSTP World History Project/Eastern Civilization and Its Impact

The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe.
The coastal periphery was the first to be home to civilization, with each of the three regions developing early civilizations around fertile river valleys. The civilizations in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and China shared many similarities and likely exchanged technologies and ideas such as mathematics and the wheel. Other notions such as that of writing likely developed individually in each area. Cities, states and then empires developed in these lowlands.
The steppe region had long been inhabited by mounted nomads, and from the central steppes they could reach all areas of the Asian continent. The earliest known such central expansion out of the steppe is that of the Indo-Europeans who spread their languages into the Middle East, India, and in the Tocharians to the borders of China. The northern part of the continent, covering much of Siberia was also inaccessible to the steppe nomads due to the dense forests and the tundra. These areas were very sparsely populated.
The centre and periphery were kept separate by mountains and desserts. The Caucuses, Himalayas, Karakum Desert, Gobi Desert formed barriers that the steppe horse men could only cross with difficulty. While technologically and culturally the urban city dwellers were more advanced, they could do little militarily to defend themselves against the mounted hordes of the steppe. However, the lowlands did not have enough open grasslands to support a large horsebound force. Thus the nomads who conquered states in China, India, and the Middle East were soon forced to adapt to the local societies.
# CORBA Programming/Server

The server procedure needs to initialize and start the server communication. It also needs to instantiate the meta objects and register them with the name server.
packages are only initialized but are not used otherwise. This would normally trigger a warning, which we switch off here.
initialize packages.
Forward declarations. You don't normally need them but GNAT is rather strict when full warnings are activated.
Set up echo meta class.
create the one and only meta echo instance
create a servant for the meta echo instance
activate the servant. Don't know what to do with the Id.
Convert the servant type to the correct return type.
The IOR and corbaloc outputs are only for diagnostics. We use a name server to propagate the meta object.
Register the meta object with the name server so the client can find the object.
Set up root POA
Retrieve Root POA. Resolve_Initial_References will automatically create an object if it does not exist already.
Activate the root POA.
Launch the server
# COSTP World History Project/Civilizations of Ancient Times

In the western world, ancient history is generally thought to encompass the period of time when writing and historical records first appear. This is roughly 7,500 years ago (5,500 BC). For some, the discovery of agriculture, roughly 6,000 BC is the beginning of ancient history. The most common date for an end of ancient history in Europe is 476 AD (the fall of the Western Roman Empire), however the exact date is still disputed among various historians. In Europe ancient history was followed by Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000-5,500 years, with cuneiform possibly being the oldest form of writing. Genetic evidence, however, points to the first appearance of human beings about 150,000 years ago. There is also a growing body of evidence that Homo sapiens first left Africa about 60,000 years ago.
The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of successive empires. The Neo-Assyrian Empire, followed by the Achaemenids. In Greece, Classical Antiquity begins with the colonization of Magna Graecia and peaks with the rise of Hellenism. The close of the millennium sees the rise of the Roman Empire. In South Asia, the Vedic civilization blends into the Maurya Empire. The early Celts dominate Central Europe while Northern Europe is in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. The Scythians dominate Central Asia. In China, Spring and Autumn Period sees the rise of Confucianism. Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo-Greek and Iranian states. The Maya civilization rises in Central America, while in Africa, Ancient Egypt begins its decline and Ethiopian civilization its rise. The religions of Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism (Vedic religion and Vedanta), Jainism and Buddhism develop. Graeco-Roman Europe, India and China see the rise of literature. World population triples in the course of the millennium, reaching some 170 million people at its close.
# COSTP World History Project/Global change in the era of New Imperialism
## Introduction

19th & 20th century western imperialism was not the first example of the attempt by powerful nations to completely subjugate the peoples of a variety of ethnicities, nationalities and cultures. Numerous civilizations dating back to and even before ancient Mesopotamia sought territorial expansion and the cultural assimilation of conquered peoples. However, beginning in the mid-19th century, a combination of factors led western Europe, the United States and Japan to engage in global territorial conquest on a scale never before seen. Competition for territories in Africa, Asia, the Pacific Rim region and, to a much lesser extent, South America brought about as complete a domination of the globe's resources and peoples such that the ancient Greeks, Romans and Mongols could only have dreamed of, let alone achieved. The examination of this era of "New Imperialism" requires consideration of not only the causes and effects of western empire building. It also requires an examination of the responses by the various peoples from around the world who saw their land, their culture and their society completely altered by the demands of their new imperial overlords.

## Britain in India & China

Britain Conquers India
India and China were key trading destinations for Europeans for centuries prior to the mid-19th century. Spices, opium, indigo and, tea were high-priced, highly-prized trading commodities for the British, Dutch, French and Portuguese, all of whom established trading posts in both countries during the 17th and 18th centuries. However, by the mid-18th century, Britain broke away from the "pack" and established hegemony over large swaths of India as the result of several European wars whose reach extended to the Indian sub-continent.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drilling & Marching - Advanced

Drilling & Marching - Advanced :
| Recreation General Conference | Skill Level 2 |
| Recreation General Conference | Year of Introduction: 1976 |

## 1. Have the Drilling and Marching Honor.

Instructions and tips for earning the Drilling & Marching honor can be found in the Recreation chapter.

## 2. With a unit guidon, demonstrate the following basic positions
### a. Order Guidon

Order Guidon is basically like standing at ATTENTION. The guidon rests on the ground next to your right foot. The staff of the guidon is held between your thumb and index finger and rests against your shoulder. Your right arm should remain behind the staff of the guidon. When doing ABOUT FACE, LEFT FACE, or RIGHT FACE, lift the guidon 1 or 2 inches off the ground while turning and then return the guidon to the ground as before.

### b. Carry Guidon

Carry Guidon refers to how a guidon is to be held while moving. When FORWARD MARCH is called the guidon is lifted 6 inches off the ground. When the drill instructor calls "FORWARD" you lift the guidon 6 inches with your right arm, then hold the guidon staff with your left arm reaching across your chest while sliding your right hand back down 6 inches to hold the guidon while marching. When the drill instructor calls "MARCH" you then drop your left arm back to your side while stepping forward with your left foot (just as you would when marching any other time). To lower the guidon when finished moving (when the drill instructor calls HALT), take your left arm across your chest to steady the guidon and then let it gently slide to the ground. Once the guidon is resting on the ground again, drop your left arm back to your side.

### e. Present Guidon

Present Guidon continues further from the position of "Raised Guidon." On the command of execution for PRESENT ARMS or EYES RIGHT, gently lower the guidon staff forward from the "Raised Guidon" position until it is horizontal with the guidon staff resting under your right armpit. Then return your left hand to your side. When doing EYES RIGHT don't forget to not only present the guidon, but also turn your head to the right as well. When lowering the guidon from presentation, grasp the guidon staff with your left hand and raise it to the position of "Raised Guidon" at the preparatory command. When the command of execution is called, lower the guidon to either the carry position or the rest position.

### f. Raise Guidon

Raise Guidon is the act of lifting the guidon from the order position. To raise the guidon, lift the staff with your right hand until it reaches your right shoulder. Reach across your chest with your left arm (make sure your palm is facing towards your body) to steady the guidon as it is being raised. Keep your right elbow at your side while executing a command. To lower the guidon, gently let the staff slide to the ground and then return your left arm to your side.
# Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Gold Prospecting - Advanced

Gold Prospecting - Advanced :
| Recreation North American Division | Skill Level 2 |
| Recreation North American Division | Year of Introduction: 2008 |

## 1. Have the Gold Prospecting Honor

Instructions and tips for earning the Gold Prospecting honor can be found in the Recreation chapter.

## 2. Describe the following types of prospecting equipment.
### a. Sluice box

    A sluice box is a shallow box into which ore is shovelled. The box features several transverse barriers along the bottom called riffles to trap the heavier gold particles as water washes them and the other material along the box.

### b. Rocker box

    Similar in principle to a sluice is a rocker, a cradle-like piece of equipment that could be rocked to sift sands through screens, which was introduced by Chinese miners in British Columbia and Australia, where the practice was referred to as "rocking the golden baby".

### g. Trommel

    A trommel is composed of a slightly-inclined rotating metal tube (the 'scrubber section') with a screen at its discharge end. Lifter bars, sometimes in the form of bolted in angle iron, are attached to the interior of the scrubber section. The ore is fed into the elevated end of the trommel. Water, often under pressure, is provided to the scrubber and screen sections and the combination of water and mechanical action frees the valuable minerals from the ore. The mineral bearing ore that passes through the screen is then further concentrated in smaller devices such as sluices and jigs. The larger pieces of ore that do not pass through the screen can be carried to a waste stack by a conveyor.

### k. Shaker table
## 3. What government requirements, if any, are there to use the equipment listed in number 2 above?
### k. Shaker table
## 4. What are the advantages or disadvantages to the equipment listed in number 2 above?
### k. Shaker table
## 5. Use at least two of the types of equipment listed in number 2 above to prospect for gold.
## 6. Pathfinders are supposed to take only pictures and leave only footprints, but prospecting requires moving rocks and digging large holes. How can you reconcile these two conflicting requirements?

Within areas where activities like mining are permitted, efforts to make money from the earth are acceptable. Gold, silver, and other metals are an important part of our lives. Even God commanded that the Children of Israel bring gold, silver, bronze (copper) and precious stones to build the tabernacle, all items that someone had to mine or prospect for.
Disturbing the ground in parks and protected areas is not appropriate. Neither is littering or vandalism appropriate anywhere. This is what the "take only pictures, leave only footprints" concept is about.
# Atlas Shrugged/Structure

Atlas Shrugged is divided into three parts, with ten chapters in each part. Chapters are divided into any number of sections.
| Part 1 - Non-Contradiction The Theme The Chain The Top and the Bottom The Immovable Movers The Climax of the D'Anconias The Non-Commercial The Exploiters and the Exploited The John Galt Line The Sacred and the Profane Wyatt's Torch | Part 2 - Either-Or The Man who Belonged on Earth The Aristocracy of Pull White Blackmail The Sanction of the Victim Account Overdrawn Miracle Metal The Moratorium on Brains By Our Love The Face without Pain or Fear or Guilt The Sign of the Dollar | Part 3 - A Is A Atlantis The Utopia of Greed Anti-Greed Anti-Life Their Brothers' Keepers The Concerto of Deliverance "This is John Galt Speaking" The Egoist The Generator In the Name of the Best within Us |
# Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...Be7/4. Bc4

This bishop move places the bishop on a fine square and hopes to pressure f7. In case of the check on h4, it also frees f1 for the king and makes g3 playable.