# Flora of New York/Santalales

| ← Brassicales | Flora of New York — Santalales | Flora of New York — Santalales | Flora of New York — Santalales | Flora of New York — Santalales | → Caryophyllales 1 Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae |
| ← Brassicales | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Caryophyllales 1 Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae |
The Santalales is a largely parasitic order of plants. The only one of its families that is known to have native or naturalized members in New York is the Santalaceae.

## Family Santalaceae

* The Santalaceae (sandalwood family) ...
* ↑ Joshua P. Der & Daniel L. Nickrent (2008) "A Molecular Phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales)." Systematic Botany 33(1): pp. 107–116.

### Comandra clade

* Also treated as the Comandraceae (bastard-toadflax family), this group contains only the two species bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata) and false toadflax (Geocaulon lividum), both of which are native to New York.
* ↑ D.L. Nickrent et al. (2010) "A revised classification of Sanalales." Taxon 59(2):538-558, 4 Apr 2010.

#### Comandra

* Comandra umbellata bastard toadflax
Santalaceae — Comandra :
| Genus Comandra | Bastard-toadflax | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.ssp. umbellata1753. Thesium umbellatum L.1818. Comandra umbellata Nutt.1905. Comandra richardsiana Fernald1982. C. umbellatassp. richardsiana Á&D.Löve | Bastard toadflax | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Geocaulon

Santalaceae — Geocaulon :
| Genus Geocaulon | False-toadflax | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fernald1823. Comandra livida Richardson1921. Geocaulon lividum Fernald | False toadflax | Native, Endangered | | NYFA: 1 | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

### Cervantesia clade

* Also treated as the family Cervantesiaceae, this is a group of parasitic flowering plants. Its only native or naturalized New York genus is Pyrularia.
* ↑ D.L.Nickrent et al. (2010) "A revised classification of Sanalales." Taxon 59(2):538-558, 4 Apr 2010.

#### Pyrularia

* Pyrularia pubera buffalo-nutPyrularia contains two species native to the Himalayas of China and one native to the southeastern United States. Buffalonut (Pyrularia pubera) is a root-parasitic shrub, Native to the Appalachians and foothills from Southern Pennsylvania to Alabama and Georgia. It appears to have naturalized on Long Island.
* ↑ Kim D. Coder (2011) "Tree Root Parasite: Pyrularia pubera Buffalonut." Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Native Species Series. WSFNR11-09, March 2011
Santalaceae — Pyrularia :
| Genus Pyrularia | Buffalo-nut | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Pyrularia pubera Michx.1803. Pyrularia pubera Michx. | Buffalo-nut, Oil-nut | Introduced, US South native | | NYFA: Xm | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

### Viscum clade

* Also treated as the family Viscaceae or tribe Visceae, this group contains seven genera worldwide, two of which have single New York native species. These are branch parasites
* ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Website for the order Santalales, 25 June 2015

#### Arceuthobium

* Arceuthobium pusillum dwarf mistletoeArceuthobium pusillum or dwarf mistletoe parasitizes the branches of spruce, pine, and tamarack trees and is one of many causes for the deformations known as "witches brooms" seen on those trees.
Santalaceae — Arceuthobium :
| Genus Arceuthobium | Dwarf-mistletoe | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Arceuthobium pusillum Peck1872. Arceuthobium pusillum Peck1891. Razoumofskya pusilla Kuntze | Dwarf mistletoe, Eastern dwarf-mistletoe | Native, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3? | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

#### Phoradendron

* Phoradendron leucarpum American mistletoeAmerican mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum) is believed to be native to Staten Island where it was reported growing on blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) trees until sometime prior to 1879. It is now considered to be extirpated from New York State.
Santalaceae — Phoradendron :
| Genus Phoradendron | Mistletoe | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C.Johnst.1817. Viscum leucarpum Raf.1820. Viscum serotinum Raf.1911. non P. leucocarpum Pacz.1957. P. serotinum M.C.Johnst.1989. P. leucarpum Reveal & M.C.Johnst. | American mistletoe, Oak mistletoe, Eastern mistletoe, Hairy mistletoe | Native, Extirpated | | NYFA: Z | USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ A pending conservation proposal would change the basionym of Phoradendron leucarpum from Viscum leucarpum to Viscum serotinum, avoiding the P. leucocarpum homonym and making the accepted name Phoradendron serotinum. ||||||
| ← Brassicales | Flora of New York — Santalales | Flora of New York — Santalales | Flora of New York — Santalales | Flora of New York — Santalales | → Caryophyllales 1 Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae |
| ← Brassicales | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Caryophyllales 1 Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae |