OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conlang/Intermediate/Sounds

All spoken languages use systems of sounds (called a phonology), and most of these aren't anything like English, including, hopefully, the conlang that you'll soon have. This section should help you.

## What's in this section?

The parts of this section are:
* Phones: The difference between phones and phonemes, and between consonants and vowels.
* Syllables: The units of sound that can be pronounced.
* Phonotactics: How sounds can be arranged into syllables.
* Sandhi rules: How morphemes may change their sound because of their neighbors.
# Conlang/Intermediate/New Realms

Most conlangs are designed to be at least somewhat naturalistic as they are often inspired by natlangs or intended to be used by concultures. They usually use grammar, phonemes, etc. that could easily exist in natural languages of today. However, there certainly isn't a rule requiring would-be conlangers to limit themselves to established possibilities in natlangs.
Thinking outside the conlanging box is hardly a crime and there is much room for experimentation. Just as artists in music and painting have pushed the envelope with atonality and dadaism while being told that their works were not art by critics, you can buck the trends of conlanging and take it in bold new directions.
Here are a few ideas to ponder:
# Computer Information Systems in Education/Chapter 3/Section 8 -- Videoconferencing

Using videoconferencing has definitely afforded opportunities to students of this generation that have not existed before. In the past, for a student to see a foreign country they would have to travel to that country, see it on TV or in a magazine, but now with the power of technology, students do not have to leave the classroom. Everything is at their fingertips. Videoconferencing has become increasingly popular. Personally, I believe that videoconferencing is an excellent way to connect students and professionals from across the world and to take them to places that they cannot even imagine while having fun and learning at the same time.
Planning Phase
During the planning phase, the ad hoc committee (consists of: Director of Funeral Service Education, Professor of Funeral Service Education, Vice President of Institutional Advancement, Grants Coordinator, Procurement Officer, and Associate Dean of Learning Technology Services) for this project will develop a proposal and the proposal will consist of the software system that will meet the needs of the students, the source of funding, the training needs for the software and the implementation date.
Analysis Phase
In the Analysis Phase, the ad hoc committee will evaluate the results that are yielded from the planning phase of the project. During this time, it is important to make sure that this software system works with system that it will be implemented.
Design Phase
During the Design Phase, it is important for the ad hoc committee to determine to proper placement of the system to maximize its’ potential. The equipment will be installed in the Preparation Room in V Building at Piedmont Technical College.
Implementation Phase
During the implementation, the Information Technology Department of the college will oversee the installation of the videoconferencing system. Once the system is installed, the IT Department will be responsible the training of the users, the maintenance and the security of the system.
# Department:Engineering

< Departments
* Engineering
* Books in this area deal with engineering: the discipline and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific, and mathematical knowledge in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective.
| Subsections | Featured Books |
| Shelf:Engineering (general references) Shelf:Biomedical engineering Shelf:Chemical engineering Shelf:Civil engineering Shelf:Electrical engineering Shelf:General engineering Shelf:Materials engineering Shelf:Mechanical engineering Shelf:Nuclear engineering Shelf:Systems engineering Category:Department:EngineeringCategory:Book:Wikibooks Stacks/Shelves/General | Control Systems Engineering Acoustics Fundamentals of Transportation X86 Disassembly Category:Department:Engineering/all booksCategory:Featured books |
# Department:Languages

< Departments
* Languages
* The books in this area deal with languages, in particular foreign language learning. The study of individual modern and classical languages forms the backbone of the modern study of the humanities, while the scientific study of language is known as linguistics and is a social science. Since many areas of the humanities such as literature, history, and philosophy are based on language, changes in language can have a profound effect on the other humanities.
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# Department:Miscellaneous

< Departments
* Miscellaneous
* These books deal with topics not covered by any of the other departments.
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# Department:Science

< Departments
* Science
* Books in this area deal with science: any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome. Science is a continuing effort to discover and increase human knowledge and understanding through disciplined research. The methods of scientific research include the generation of hypotheses about how phenomena work, and experimentation that tests these hypotheses under controlled conditions. The results of this process enable better understanding of past events, and better ability to predict future events of the same kind as those that have been tested.
| Subsections | Featured Books |
| Shelf:Science (general references) Shelf:Health sciences Shelf:Life sciences Shelf:Physical sciences Shelf:Science study guides Category:Department:ScienceCategory:Book:Wikibooks Stacks/Shelves/General | Acoustics Anatomy and Physiology of Animals Basic Physics of Nuclear Medicine Coaching Youth Middle Distance Runners Engineering Acoustics First Aid Historical Geology Human Physiology Physics Study Guide Proteomics Radiation Biology for Physical Scientists Radiation Oncology Special Relativity This Quantum World Category:Department:Science/all booksCategory:Featured books |
# Department:Social sciences

< Departments
* Social sciences
* Books in this area deal with the social sciences, which include academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals.
| Subsections | Featured Books |
| Shelf:Social sciences (general references) Shelf:Anthropology Shelf:Business Shelf:Communication Shelf:Economics Shelf:Education Shelf:Geography Shelf:History Shelf:Law Shelf:Linguistics Shelf:Political science Shelf:Psychology Shelf:Sociology Category:Department:Social sciencesCategory:Book:Wikibooks Stacks/Shelves/General | Applications of ICT in Libraries Blended Learning in K-12 Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Communication Theory Consciousness Studies Elements of Political Communication European History Introduction to Paleoanthropology Introduction to Sociology Learning Theories Lucid Dreaming Managing Groups and Teams New Zealand History Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education UK Constitution and Government Zine Making Category:Department:Social sciences/all booksCategory:Featured books |
# Department:Computing

< Departments
* Computing
* These books deal with computing: usually defined as the activity of using and developing computer technology, computer hardware, and software.
| Subsections | Featured Books |
| Shelf:Computing (general references) Shelf:Calculators Shelf:Computer hardware Shelf:Computer networking Shelf:Computer programming Shelf:Computer science Shelf:Computer software Shelf:History of Computation Shelf:Information technology Shelf:Internet Shelf:Open source Category:Department:ComputingCategory:Book:Wikibooks Stacks/Shelves/General | Ada Programming Applications of ICT in Libraries Blender 3D: Noob to Pro C Programming C Sharp Programming Formal Logic Haskell How To Assemble A Desktop PC Knowing Knoppix LaTeX Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6 Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3 OpenSSH Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours X86 Disassembly XForms XML - Managing Data Exchange Category:Department:Computing/all booksCategory:Featured books |
# Department:Help

< Departments
* Help
* These books are help manuals for using Wikibooks and other MediaWiki Wikis.
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# Department:Humanities

< Departments
* Humanities
* Books in this area deal with the humanities: academic disciplines which study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural and social sciences.
| Subsections | Featured Books |
| Shelf:Humanities (general references) Shelf:Fine arts Shelf:History Shelf:Law Shelf:Literature Shelf:Performing arts Shelf:Philosophy Shelf:Religion Category:Department:HumanitiesCategory:Book:Wikibooks Stacks/Shelves/General | Acoustics European History Guitar Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter New Zealand History Category:Department:Humanities/all booksCategory:Featured books |
# Department:Recreational activities

< Departments
* Recreational activities
* Books in this department deal with recreational activities: the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind.
| Subsections | Featured Books |
| Shelf:Recreational activities (general references) Shelf:Arts and crafts Shelf:Collecting Shelf:Games Shelf:Outdoor recreation Shelf:Physical fitness Shelf:Rail transport modelling Shelf:Tourism Category:Department:Recreational activitiesCategory:Book:Wikibooks Stacks/Shelves/General | Arimaa Chess Category:Department:Recreational activities/all booksCategory:Featured books |
# Czech/Basics
## Personal pronouns

In Czech there are ten personal pronouns. Czech uses two different pronouns for the English "you". Each third person singular pronoun got its own counterpart in plural (while only they is used in English).
Let's take a look at the table with the primary forms (nominative) of the Czech personal pronouns :
| number | person | gender | English | Czech | Pronunciation /IPA/ |
| singular | 1st | mas., fem., neut. | I | já | [jaː] |
| singular | 2nd | mas., fem., neut. | you | ty | [tɪ] |
| singular | 3rd | mas. | he | on | [ɔn] |
| singular | 3rd | fem. | she | ona | [ɔna] |
| singular | 3rd | neut. | it | ono | [ɔnɔ] |
| plural | 1st | mas., fem., neut. | we | my | [mɪ] |
| plural | 2nd | mas., fem., neut. | you | vy | [vɪ] |
| plural | 3rd | mas. | they | oni | [ɔɲɪ] |
| plural | 3rd | fem. | they | ony | [ɔnɪ] |
| plural | 3rd | neut. | they | ona | [ɔna] |
For declination of the Czech personal pronouns and for details about them, see section Czech/Pronouns.

## Important verbs
### To be

The translation of to be is být [biːt]. It is pronounced in the same way like the English word beat.
| | | English | Czech | Pronunciation /IPA/ |
| singular | 1st person | I am | já jsem | [jaː sɛm] |
| singular | 2nd person | you are | ty jsi | [tɪ sɪ] |
| singular | 3rd person | he/she/it is | on/ona/ono je | [ɔn/ɔna/ɔnɔ jɛ] |
| plural | 1st person | we are | my jsme | [mɪ smɛ] |
| plural | 2nd person | you are | vy jste | [vɪ stɛ] |
| plural | 3rd person | they are | oni/ony jsou | [ɔɲɪ/ɔnɪ/ɔna soʊ̯] |

### To have

The translation of to have is mít [miːt]. It is pronounced in the same way like the English word meat.
| | | English | Czech | Pronunciation /IPA/ |
| singular | 1st person | I have | já mám | [jaː maːm] |
| singular | 2nd person | you have | ty máš | [tɪ maːʃ] |
| singular | 3rd person | he/she/it has | on/ona/ono má | [ɔn/ɔna/ɔnɔ maː] |
| plural | 1st person | we have | my máme | [mɪ maːmɛ] |
| plural | 2nd person | you have | vy máte | [vɪ maːtɛ] |
| plural | 3rd person | they have | oni/ony mají | [ɔɲɪ/ɔnɪ/ɔna majiː] |
# Cybersecurity/Section 1.1: What is Cybersecurity

In this section, we will explore the fundamental concepts of cybersecurity, understanding its importance in the digital age.

##### Defining Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity, often referred to as information security, is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and digital information from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or theft. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, processes, and practices designed to safeguard sensitive data and maintain the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of digital assets.

##### The Evolving Threat Landscape

Cybersecurity is a dynamic field due to the constantly evolving threat landscape. Threat actors, such as hackers, cybercriminals, and state-sponsored groups, employ increasingly sophisticated tactics to breach security measures. Understanding these threats is crucial to effective cybersecurity.
# Cybersecurity/Section 1.2: Importance of Cybersecurity

Cyber threats, including hacking, malware, and cyber espionage, can have severe consequences, from financial losses to national security risks. Understanding and implementing effective cybersecurity measures are crucial.
# Cybersecurity/Introduction

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting digital systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. In an increasingly digitized world, cybersecurity is essential for safeguarding sensitive information and ensuring the smooth functioning of interconnected systems.
# Czech/Czech in a Nutshell

Czech is an Indo-European, West Slavic Language, especially similar to Slovak, which means it is very likely for a native speaker of each to also understand some Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, etc. Czech and Slovak are very similar languages, and at first glance, one may incorrectly think of them as being dialects of each other, in the same manner that one might compare Spanish and Catalan. Czech is spoken by 10 million people as a native language and at least 6 million as a de facto second language. Even before the birth of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Czechs and Slovaks have always understood each other without the need of a translator as both have been subjected to Austro-Hungarian domniation for many centuries until after the First World War.
The relatively hard parts of the language are, like all other Balto-Slavic Languages (except Bulgarian and Macedonian):
* Declination (7 cases)
* Several types and subtypes of endings for nouns and verbs
The easier parts may be:
* Simple, regular pronunciation
* Very simple and straightforward verb conjugations: Only one present tense (imperfective) two types of past and conditional tenses, a compound future (imprf.) a simple future (perf.). Verb are always found in pairs, imperfective on the left and the perfective on the right separated by a dash (usually, but NOT always, one adds a prefix to the imperfective infinitive to change it to perfective).
# Czech/Common phrases
## Czech (Slavic)

| Translation | Phrase | Pronunciation | IPA | Remarks |
| Czech | Česky | CHEHskee | /'ʧɛski/ |
| Czech Republic | Česká republika | CHEHskah REHpublikah | /'ʧɛskaː ɾɛpublika/ |
| hello | dobrý den | DObree den | /'dobɾiː dɛn/ | Literal translation: Good day |
| good-bye | na shledanou | na sKHLEdanow | /nɐ 'sxlɛdanou/ | Literal translation: Until we see each other again |
| please | prosím | PROseem | /'pɾosiːm/ | Literal translation: I beg |
| thank you | děkuji vám | DYEkooyi vam | /'ɟɛkuji vaːm/ |
| that one | tamten | tamten | /tamtɛn/ |
| how much? | kolik | KOlik | /'kolik/ |
| English | anglicky | anglytskee | /angliʦki/ |
| yes | ano | | /ano/ | More often is said "jo" /jo/ (!) |
| no | ne | | /ne/ |
| sorry | promiňte | | /pɾomiɲte/ | Literal translation: Forgive |
| cheers | Na zdraví | | /na zdɾaviː/ | Literal translation: To health |
| I don't understand | Nerozumím | | /nɛɾozumiːm/ |
| Where's the bathroom? | Kde je toaleta? | | /gdɛ jɛ toaleta/ |
| Do you speak English? | Mluvíte anglicky? | | /mluviːtɛ angliʦki/ |
| I don't speak Czech | Nemluvím česky | | /nɛmluviːm 'ʧɛski/ |
| Do you speak Czech? | Mluvíte česky? | | /mluviːtɛ 'ʧɛski/ |
| Where can I find a restaurant? | Kde najdu restauraci? | | /gdɛ najdu ɾɛstaurɐʦi/ |
| Where is the nearest hospital? | Kde je nejbližší nemocnice? | | /gdɛ jɛ nɛjbliʃiː nɛmoʦniʦɛ/ |
# Demystifying Depression/References

Next page: List of Figures, Previous page: Conclusion, Top: Demystifying Depression

## References

* Wikipedia: Dualism (philosophy of mind)
* Wikipedia: Cirrhosis
* Taming Stress
* Wikipedia: Stress (medicine)
* Wikipedia: Fight-or-flight response
* Neurogenesis in the Human Brain: Fact or fiction?
* Stress and the Immune System
* Sleep Paralysis Page
* NIMH: Depression
* Wikipedia: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
* NIMH: Bipolar Disorder
* Why? The Neuroscience of Suicide
* Nietzsche's Toxicology
* Wikipedia: Clinical depression
* Wikipedia: Concentration (game)
* Wikipedia: Functional magnetic resonance imaging
* Depression and the Birth and Death of Brain Cells
* Overtraining
Next page: List of Figures, Previous page: Conclusion, Top: Demystifying Depression
# Demystifying Depression/Is Depression on the Rise

Next page: Quantifying Depression, Previous page: The Genetic Link, Top: Demystifying Depression

## Is Depression on the Rise?

Is the incidence of depression really on the rise? Statistics seem to point that way , and considering the risk factors, that should not be altogether surprising. The truth is that many modern hobbies are actually very demanding on the brain. Should a person pull long hours at work and then come home to face an equally demanding hobby, there is a very good chance that they are pushing the brain past its limit.
This is likely to strike a chord with the Kuro5hin crowd: surfing the web and blogging should be seen as work as far as the brain is concerned. In a similar note, information overload is not just a fancy buzzword: it is a factor contributing to the development of depression. The list is long: mobile phones, news tickers, instant messaging, etc. We seem to be very good at devising ways to overload our brains.
On a more positive note, if one considers the current understanding of the problem, plus the available means to treat it, making serious clinical depression a thing of the past is well within our reach. What is required? Just getting the message across! Sadly, it may prove difficult to overcome centuries of prejudice surrounding mental illness.
Next page: Quantifying Depression, Previous page: The Genetic Link, Top: Demystifying Depression
# Demystifying Depression/Suicide

Next page: The Role of Sports, Previous page: The Controversy about Antidepressants, Top: Demystifying Depression

## Suicide

"Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem". There is much wisdom to this sentence, and it is probably the best advice you can give a depressed person. Unfortunately, during that critical stage is difficult for them to visualise the temporary nature of the problem, and suicide is not uncommon. If you a have a friend or a loved one going through that stage of a depression, do take the possibility seriously and do what you can to prevent it from happening. In particular, make sure they are being handled by a competent professional. Fortunately, especially if people are young, this stage will not last very long, typically just a few days or weeks.
Next page: The Role of Sports, Previous page: The Controversy about Antidepressants, Top: Demystifying Depression
# Demystifying Depression/Recovery Guide

Next page: General Lifestyle Advice, Previous page: The Recovery Process, Top: Demystifying Depression

## Recovery Guide

There are plenty of people with depression who are not being properly treated. Antidepressants revolutionized medicine's approach to the treatment of depression, and even though they are generally effective and an indispensable tool, sole reliance on drugs neglects valuable lifestyle advice. This is important consideration for those with all levels of depression.
The first step tried in recovering from depression should be telling someone and then getting help from a doctor if possible.
In order to recover from a depression, one must first understand the problem.
The following three sections cover the different aspects of the lifestyle changes. The first category deals with general advice which one should always have present. I The next section deals with the daily routine. Even though more flexible in nature, I quickly realized that there were good reasons behind my counselor's insistence that I followed its guidelines. At last, the third section focuses on tips for good sleep. These are by no means specific to a clinical depression.
Next page: General Lifestyle Advice, Previous page: The Recovery Process, Top: Demystifying Depression
# Demystifying Depression/Normal Neuron Communication

Next page: The Stress System, Previous page: What Is Depression?, Top: Demystifying Depression

## Neuron Communication

Communication between neurons relies on molecules called neurotransmitters. Without going into the details of this process, it suffices to say that for a neuron to transmit information to another neuron, it must release a neurotransmitter in the small gap between the two neurons, called a synapse.
More than 300 different neurotransmitters are known to be used in one role or another by the human brain. Three of them in particular, serotonin, dopamine, and, norepinephrine have been identified as playing a major part in the physiology of clinical depression although others may also be important.
In a variety of clinical trials it has been shown that the use of drugs that mimic or affect how neurotransmitters are produced, destroyed, and moved in the brain can have verifiable effects on depression.
For example, many popular anti-depressants are SSRIs. They decrease the amount of serotonin that neurons remove from synapses.
Although the effective use of these drugs shows that depression can be affected by physical changes in the Brain no one is sure exactly how these medication are effective.
Depression affects the area of the brain responsible among others for memory, learning, and tasks that require concentration and organisation .
Next page: The Stress System, Previous page: What Is Depression?, Top: Demystifying Depression