OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Cheminformatics Teaching Materials

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* Cloud Computing (Wendy Warr)
* I571 Chemical Information Technology (David J. Wild, Indiana University) [Part of the requirements for the Graduate Certificate in Cheminformatics]
* Introduction to Cheminformatics (Prof. João Aires de Sousa from Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa)
* Cheminformatics 101 (eMolecules)
* Molecular Conceptor
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Chemical Synthesis or Reactions

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* Sources for the Synthesis or Reactions of Compounds (Wiggins, Indiana)
* Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl) Introduction and Guide (Flaxbart, Texas, Austin)
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Chemical Information Course Syllabi

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* CHEM 223: Organic Chemistry (Wilson, North Carolina State University)
* Chemical Information Class (Currano, Pennsulvania)
* Chemical Information Sources (Culp, Purdue)
* Chemistry 250 Chemical Literature (Porter, Vanderbilt)
* Chem 602 Information Literacy for the Physical Scientist (Solla, Cornell)
* Chem 184/284 Chemical Literature (Huber UC, Santa Barbara)
* CHEM396 Chemical Information (Ricker, Oberlin)
* Chem 319 Chemical Literature and Composition (Tiernan, Wright State)
* Chemistry 298/598 Understanding and Using Libraries of Chemical Information (McFarland, Washington U)
* Chem 123 Library Research Modules (British Columbia)
* C471 Chemical Information Sources and Services (Wiggins, Indiana)
* C472 Computer Sources for Chemical Information (Wiggins, Indiana)
* I590 Information Retrieval from Chemistry and Life Sciences Databases (Wiggins, Indiana)
* Chemical Information Technology (Wild, Indiana)
* C372 (I372) Molecular Modeling (Forsythe, IUPUI)
* I572 Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling (Doman, Forsythe, IUPUI)
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* Chemical Nomenclature Lite: A Guide to Naming and Indexing Chemical Compounds (Charles H. Davis, Indiana)
* IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds (ACD version)
* International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (G. P. Moss)
* IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
* IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology - the Gold Book (Advanced XML version)
* Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides, and Their Constituents
* Biochemical Nomenclature Publications (IUPAC-IUBMB)
* IUPAC Publications on Nomenclature and Symbolism
* IUBMB Nomenclature Recommendations (G. P. Moss)
* Bibliography of IUPAC and IUBMB Nomenclature Recommendations, April 1993
* Enzyme Nomenclature Database
* Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides; Recommendations 1983
* Glossary of Class Names of Organic Compounds and Reactive Intermediates Based on Structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)
* Graphical Representation of Stereochemical Configuration (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)
* Chemical Nomenclature Aids in the IU Chemistry Library (Wiggins, Zhang, Indiana)
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Chemical Patent Searching Aids

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* End-User Patent Searching Using Open Access Sources," (Pat LaCourse. Issues in Science and Technology, No. 60, Winter 2010.)
* A Short Course on Patent Reference for Science and Technology Librarians (Linda Shackle, Issues in Science and Technology No. 57, Spring 2009)
* Information About Patents (Thomson Reuters)
* Patents Baysinger, Stanford)
* Web Patent Searching Tutorial-Search by Patent Number (University of California, San Diego)
* Select Bibliography on Patents (Dunker and Shreve, Indiana)
* What Every Chemist Should Know About Patents (McLeland, ACS, 2002)
** version on the McLeland Web site
* What a Chemist Needs to Know About Patent Law (Yakovleva, McDevitt, McKithen, ACS PowerPoint)
* Understanding Intellectual Property
* WIPO Free Information Products
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Chemical Structure Searching

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* Before You Begin a Structure Search
* Tips for Building Structures for Substructure Searching
* Structure Searching in CAS Online Using STN Express: An Introductory Workshop (Baysinger, Stanford)
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Chemical Subject Searching

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* Hierarchies of General Subjects CA Index Guide Appendix I 1994 (Stanford)
* Index to Some Library of Congress Classification Numbers Relevant to Chemistry (Wiggins, Indiana)
* CAS Roles
# Chemical Information Sources/CIIM/Chemical Safety or Toxicology Information

Chemical Information Instructional Materials
* Select Bibliography on Chemical Hazards (Beckman, Indiana)
* Chemistry and Safety (Harkanyi, San Diego)
* Environmental Chemistry (Harkanyi, San Diego)
* Health Sciences Literature Search Guide (Running, Purdue)
* Selected Safety Information Sources (Running, Purdue)
# C Programming/string.h/strcmp

In POSIX and in the programming language C, strcmp is a function in the C standard library (declared in string.h) that compares two C strings.
The prototype according ISO/IEC 9899:1999, 7.21.4.2
    int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
strcmp returns 0 when the strings are equal, a negative integer when s1 is less than s2, or a positive integer if s1 is greater than s2, according to the lexicographical order.
A variant of strcmp exists called strncmp that only compares the strings up to a certain offset.
Another variant, strcasecmp, conforming to POSIX.1-2001, works like strcmp, but is case-insensitive. Some systems instead provide this functionality with functions named stricmp or strcmpi. To compare a subset of both strings with case-insensitivity, various systems may provide strncasecmp, strnicmp or strncmpi.

## Example

The above code is a working sample that prints whether the first argument is less than, equal to or greater than the second.
A possible implementation is (P.J. Plauger, The Standard C Library, 1992):
However, most real-world implementations will have various optimization tricks to reduce the execution time of the function. One will notice, that strcmp not only returns -1, 0 and +1, but also other negative or positive values, resulting from optimizing away the branching introduced by the ?: operator:

## External links

* C++ reference for std::strcmp
Template:Compu-prog-stub
# C Programming/stdlib.h/strtol

strtol is a function in the C programming language that converts a string into a long integer. strtol stands for string to long. It is included in the C standard library header file stdlib.h. Its prototype is as follows:
The str argument points to a string, represented by an array of characters, containing the character representation of a signed integer value. The string must be null-terminated. The base argument specifies the number base to use, from 2 to 36. If the number base is greater than 10, alphabetic characters ('A' up to 'Z') are used as digits in the representation. After the conversion, the value pointed to by end is set to point to the character following the last valid numeric character in the string and the converted integer value is returned. If the string does not contain a valid numerical sequence, zero (0) is returned and the global variable errno is set to EINVAL.
There also exist similar variants of these function named strtoul, strtoll and strtoull which parses and returns an integer of the type unsigned long, long long, and unsigned long long respectively.

## Standards conformance

The strtol function is part of the ISO standard C library (C89, 1989), and the strtoll function was added as part of the C99 library (1999). It was added to the standard C library as a more well-behaved replacement for the existing atoi function.

## References

* strtol at OpenGroup.org
* Using strtol correctly and portably

## External links

* C++ reference for std::strtol
# C Programming/stdlib.h/system

In the C standard library, system is a function used to execute subprocesses and commands. It is defined in stdlib.h header. It differs from the exec/spawn family of functions in that instead of passing arguments to an executed object, a single string is passed to the system shell, typically the POSIX shell, /bin/sh -c.

## Behavior

The system function is blocking; that is, the call will wait until the child process terminates and return its exit value. During this time, SIGCHLD will be blocked as system waits for the child to die; also, SIGINT and SIGQUIT are ignored, so to ensure responsiveness the programmer should check the return value to see if the user is trying to terminate the process. On error, system will return -1 on failure prior to or at fork (e.g. process count limit reached) but will return 127 on failure after fork (e.g. unable to execute sh); this is indistinguishable from the command exiting with status 127.
Under POSIX, system forks and execs /bin/sh with two arguments: "-c" and command. While the behavior of sh is specified elsewhere, it is instructive to consider that command need not be a single command; it can in fact be a pipeline or even a series of pipelines. For example, consider a program that wishes to display a screenshot:
system ("pngtopnm \"My Screenshot.png\" | pnmtoxwd > out.xwd && xwud out.xwd");
This line exhibits an important consideration: since command will be parsed as a shell command line, quotes around e.g. file names must be escaped. This however raises security considerations, since if command is constructed from user-supplied data, an attacker may be able to break out of any quoting and execute an arbitrary command in the context of the parent; indeed, this is almost the canonical code injection exploit. It is thus considered sensible to only employ system on predetermined command strings, using other functions (spawn et al.) to pass user-supplied data in argv or passing such data through pipes or temporary files.
The child spawned by system inherits its parent's standard streams; thus the child can receive keyboard input and write to the terminal. Note that this means that the parent will not receive the child's output, except through the use of a redirection or tee.

## External links

* system(3): execute a shell command – Linux Library Functions Manual
* C++ reference for std::system
# C Programming/string.h/memcpy
## memcpy
### Synopsis

The memcpy copies n characters from src to dest.

### Return value

The function returns a pointer to the destination, dest.

### Source

* Definition of memcpy from OpenGroup
# C Programming/string.h/memset

The C language function included in C standard library (stdlib), which sets given bytes in memory.

## Synopsis

The memset copies c into each of the n first bytes of the object pointed to by s.

## Return value

The function returns the pointer s. There is no defined value to return when an error occurs.

## Source

* Definition of memset from OpenGroup
# C Programming/string.h/strchr

Function name strchr for C and C++
Syntax include <string.h> char *strchr(const char *s, int c);
Description The strchr function locates the first occurrence of c, cast to char, in the string pointed to by s. The terminating null character is considered a part of the string.
Parameters s
Points to the string to be searched.
c
Is the character to search for in string s.
Return Values The strchr function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character c located within s. If character c does not occur in the string, strchr returns a null pointer.
# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Cooper S and Orme M — Practical Road Traffic Law (Blackstone’s Practical Policing Series) (Oxford University Press, 2006) ISBN 0199296839
James S H and Nordby J J (editors) — Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques (CRC Press Inc. US, 2002) ISBN 0849312469
Meloan C E and Saferstein R — Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, 8th Edition (Prentice Hall, 2003) ISBN 0131126814
Noon R K — Forensic Engineering Investigation (CRC Press Inc. US, 2000s) ISBN 0849309115
Van Kirk DJ — Vehicular Accident Investigation and Reconstruction (CRC Press Inc. US, 2000) ISBN 0849320208

## Websites

Department for Transport.
Department for Transport road safety.
Department for Transport road safety research report.
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents.
The THINK! Road Safety Website.
THINK! Drink driving factsheet.
The World Bank.
State University of New York drink driving.
# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Atkinson C and Mariotte J — The Prep Room Organiser (Association for Science Education, 2003) ISBN 0863572839
Morgan S — Advanced Level Practical Work for Biology (Hodder Murray, 2002) ISBN 0340847123
Articles from newspapers, television or radio transcripts or other scientific/business journals may also be useful.

## Websites

The Association for Science Education
The Institute of Biology
Glaxo Wellcome
The Institute of Physics
Society of Chemical Industry
The Royal Society of Chemistry
The Science Consortium
Science Enhancement Programme
Chemical Industry Education Centre (CIEC)
# AquaResp
## Introduction to AquaResp

AquaResp is a free open-source MS Excel based software, primarily developed for doing oxygen measurements (respirometry) on aquatic organisms (such as fish and invertebrates). The current version (v1.0) only does resting respirometry, but the next update will include the possibility of doing exercise respirometry i.e. swimming respirometry.
Developed in MS Excel with VBA, intentions with AquaResp are, that the software functions should be fully customizable for the users, so that measurements are not limited to oxygen only but could include anything where the measurement apparatus has an output as analog- or COM-port.
AquaResp is utilizing the USB-1208LS and Universal Library for the analog measurements, and they are therefore prerequisites for the analog part of AquaResp to function. The COM-port communications library used is the one by brumbarchris.
AquaResp were started in collaboration between National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, and the Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

## Contents

* Set up
* Software
* Download
* Using AquaResp
Further information on AquaResp is currently available here
# AquaResp/Download

The AquaResp software is available here AquaResp V1.13, user’s guide for setting up static respirometry experiment with AquaResp is available Here. This wikibook on AquaResp will when done, contain all information in this user guide.
# Resources

Edexcel recommend the following resources.

## Textbooks

Attwood G, Dyer G and Skipworth G — Revise for Statistics: No. 1 (Heinemann Modular Mathematics for Edexcel AS & A Level Statistics) (Heinemann Educational Secondary Division, 2001) ISBN 0435511165
Attwood G, Dyer G and Skipworth G — Revise for Statistics: No. 2 (Heinemann Modular Mathematics for Edexcel AS & A Level Statistics) (Heinemann Educational Secondary Division, 2001) ISBN 0435511173
Attwood G, Dyer G and Skipworth G — Revise for Statistics: No. 3 (Heinemann Modular Mathematics for Edexcel AS & A Level Statistics) (Heinemann Educational Secondary Division, 2001) ISBN 0435511181
School Mathematics Project — Statistics 1 for Edexcel (SMP AS/A2 Mathematics for Edexcel) (Cambridge University Press, 2004) ISBN 0521605350
School Mathematics Project — Statistics 2 for Edexcel (SMP AS/A2 Mathematics for Edexcel) (Cambridge University Press, 2005) ISBN 0521605393

## Journals

Journal of Applied Statistics
Statistical Methods in Medical Research ISSN 09622802
Statistical Modelling: An International Journal ISSN 1471082X

## Websites

Blackwell Statistics
Royal Statistical Society
# Approaches to Reading Instruction

This book is written for parents to help them select an appropriate reading approach to teach their children. It is written by practicing teachers at Ashland University. The book contains nine approaches. Each approach includes an introduction,the definition of the approach,the benefits of the approach,the excellent reading approach links, and references.

## Approaches to Reading Instruction

* Alphabet Spelling
* Audio-Visual
* Experience
* Kinesthetic
* Look and Say
* Non-Oral Reading
* Oral Reading
* Reading Aloud
* Word-Attack
# AquaResp/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/AquaResp

# Set up
## Equipment List

In order to do respirometry experiments using AquaResp, following equipment is needed
* PC (Recommended:1.5 GHz & >1GB RAM ) see AquaResp/Software
* A/D Converter USB-1208LS
** Converted: capacitor 680nF (Vishay 680nF (MKT 1817-468/065)
** Unconverted: nothing
* Relay box with 2 relaysa. 2x resistors 22kOhm/10W
** 2x varistors 14kOhm
** 2x electronic relays (Crydom AC relay, MP240D3)
* Wires
* Measurement device with analog output or COM port output

## A/D Converter

If flush/recirculation control through AquaResp is wanted, a relay needs to be connected to two of the digital ports of the USB-1208LS. Port A0 and B0 is recommended for ease of use in VBA. Further you can add up to 4 analog ports that AquaResp can read.

# Software
## Software List

In order to do respirometry experiments using AquaResp, following software is needed
* Universal Library by MCC
* MS Excel 2003 or newer
N.B. AquaResp is only tested on PCs running Windows.

# Download

The AquaResp software is available here AquaResp V1.13, user’s guide for setting up static respirometry experiment with AquaResp is available Here. This wikibook on AquaResp will when done, contain all information in this user guide.
# Christian Hymns/Draw Nigh, Draw Nigh, Emmanuel
## Background
### Text

* Author:
* Translator: John Mason Neale
* Source: Hymnal Noted

### Music

Hymn Tune(s):
* Veni, Emmanuel

## Lyrics

Draw nigh, draw nigh, Emmanuel,
And ransom captive Israel,
That mourns in lonely exile here,
Until the Son of God appear.
Rejoice! Rejoice! Emmanuel
Shall be born for thee, O Israel!
Draw nigh, O Jesse's Rod, draw nigh,
To free us from the enemy;
From Hell's infernal pit to save,
And give us victory o'er the grave.
Rejoice! Rejoice! Emmanuel
Shall be born for thee, O Israel!
Draw nigh, Thou Orient, Who shalt cheer
And comfort by Thine Advent here,
And banish far the brooding gloom
Of sinful night and endless doom.
Rejoice! Rejoice! Emmanuel
Shall be born for thee, O Israel!
Draw nigh, draw nigh, O David's Key,
The Heavenly Gate will ope to Thee;
Make safe the way that leads on high,
And close the path to misery.
Rejoice! Rejoice! Emmanuel
Shall be born for thee, O Israel!
Draw nigh, draw nigh, O Lord of Might,
Who to Thy tribes from Sinai's height
In ancient time didst give the law,
In cloud, and majesty, and awe.
Rejoice! Rejoice! Emmanuel
Shall be born for thee, O Israel!
# Christian Hymns/Hark! A Thrilling Voice Is Sounding
## Background
### Text

* Author: Ambrose of Milan
* Translator: Edward Caswall
* Source:

### Music

Hymn Tune(s):
* Freuen Wir Uns All In Ein
* Merton
* Rathbun

## Lyrics

Hark! a thrilling voice is sounding:
'Christ is nigh,' it seems to say;
'Cast away the dreams of darkness,
O ye children of the day!'
Wakened to the solemn warning,
Let the earth-bound soul arise;
Christ, her Sun, all ill dispelling,
Shines upon the morning skies.
Lo! the Lamb, so long expected,
Comes with pardon down from heaven;
Let us haste, with tears of sorrow,
One and all to be forgiven;
That when next he comes with glory,
And the world is wrapped in fear,
With his mercy he may shield us,
And with words of love draw near.
Honour, glory, might, and blessing,
To the Father and the Son,
With the everlasting Spirit,
While eternal ages run.
# Christian Hymns/Bring a Torch, Jeanette, Isabella
## Background
### Text

* Author: Émile Blémont
* Translator: Edward Cuthbert Nunn
* Source:

### Music

Hymn Tune(s):
* Bring a Torch

## Lyrics

Bring a torch, Jeanette, Isabella
Bring a torch, to the cradle run!
It is Jesus, good folk of the village;
Christ is born and Mary's calling;
Ah! ah! beautiful is the Mother
Ah! ah! beautiful is her Son!
It is wrong when the Child is sleeping
It is wrong to talk so loud;
Silence, all, as you gather around.
Lest your noise should waken Jesus.
Hush! hush! see how fast He slumbers!
Hush! hush! see how fast He sleeps!
Hasten now, good folk of the village;
Hasten now the Christ Child to see.
You will find Him asleep in the manger;
Quietly come and whisper softly,
Hush! hush! Peacefully now He slumbers.
Hush! hush! Peacefully now He sleeps.
Softly to the little stable.
Softly for a moment come;
Look and see how charming is Jesus
How He is white, His cheeks are rosy!
Hush! hush! see how the Child is sleeping;
Hush! hush! see how He smiles in his dreams.
# Christian Hymns/Come, Thou Precious Ransom, Come
## Background
### Text

* Author: Johann Olearius
* Translator: August Crull
* Source:

### Music

Hymn Tune(s):
* Meinen Jesum Lass' Ich Nicht

## Lyrics

Come, Thou precious Ransom, come,
Only Hope for sinful mortals!
Come, O Savior of the world!
Open are to Thee all portals.
Come, Thy beauty let us see;
Anxiously we wait for Thee.
Enter now my waiting heart,
Glorious King and Lord most holy.
Dwell in me and ne'er depart,
Though I am but poor and lowly.
Ah, what riches will be mine
When Thou art my Guest Divine!
My hosannas and my palms
Graciously receive, I pray Thee;
Evermore, as best I can,
Savior, I will homage pay Thee,
And in faith I will embrace,
Lord, Thy merit through Thy grace.
Hail, hosanna, David's Son!
Help, Lord, hear our supplication!
Let Thy kingdom, scepter, crown,
Bring us blessing and salvation,
That forever we may sing:
Hail, hosanna! to our King.
# Christian Hymns/Creator of the Stars of Night
## Background
### Text

* Author:
* Translator: John Mason Neale
* Source: Hymnal Noted

### Music

Hymn Tune(s):
* Conditor Alme Siderum

## Lyrics

Creator of the stars of night,
Thy people’s everlasting light,
Jesu, Redeemer, save us all,
And hear Thy servants when they call.
Thou, grieving that the ancient curse
Should doom to death an universe,
Hast found the med'cine, full of grace,
To save and heal a ruin'd race.
Thou cam’st, the Bridegroom of the Bride,
As drew the world to evening tide;
Proceeding from a Virgin shrine,
The spotless Victim all divine.
At Whose dread Name, Majestic now,
All knees must bend, all hearts must bow;
And things celestial Thee shall own,
And things terrestrial, Lord alone.
O Thou whose coming is with dread
To judge and doom the quick and dead,
Preserve us, while we dwell below,
From ev'ry insult of the foe.
To Him, Who comes the world to free,
To God the Son, all glory be;
To God the Father, as is meet,
To God the blessed Paraclete. Amen.
# Christian Hymns/Hark, A Joyful Voice Is Thrilling
## Background
### Text

* Author: Ambrose of Milan
* Translator: John Henry Newman
* Source:

### Music

Hymn Tune(s):
* Freuen Wir Uns All In Ein
* Merton
* Rathbun

## Lyrics

Hark, a joyful voice is thrilling,
And each dim and winding way
Of the ancient temple filling ;
Dreams depart, for it is day.
Christ is coming — from thy bed,
Earth-bound soul, awake and spring —
With the sun new-risen to shed
Health on human suffering.
Lo, to grant a pardon free,
Comes a willing Lamb from heaven;
Sad and tearful, hasten we,
One and all, to be forgiven.
Once again he comes in light
Girding earth with fear and woe;
Lord, be thou our loving might,
From our guilt and ghostly foe.
To the Father and the Son
And the Spirit, who in heaven
Ever witness, Three and One,
Praise on earth be ever given.