OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dragon Quest/Spells

A strong arm and quick thinking alone are not enough to achieve your goal of freeing Alefgard. Since the beginning of time, Magic has been a force in this land, shaping its history and the beings who dwell here. As you gain experience and reach particular levels and achievement, you will learn new spells that will help you succeed in your perilous quests.
At preselected levels you will learn a new spell. The first spell, Heal, is learned as you rise from level two to level three. Each time you cast a spell your Magic Points (MP) will be reduced by a set amount. The charts below show both how many MP a spell costs and at which level you learn it.
| Illustration | Spell | MP | Type & target | Effect | Lv. |
| File:DW1 Spell Heal.png | Heal | 4 | Heal hero | Your first spell is one of the most useful. If your HP is low, chant the Heal Spell to raise your HP by 10~17 points. | 3 |
| File:DW1 Spell Hurt.png | Hurt | 2 | Attack enemy | Hurl magic fire balls at the enemy with Hurt. You can go far with this spell, damaging enemies for 8~12 HP. | 4 |
| File:DW1 Spell Sleep.png | Sleep | 2 | Disable enemy | Sleep is used during a battle to put the enemy to sleep. It doesn't always work. | 7 |
| File:DW1 Spell Light.png | Radiant | 3 | Field | Did you forget to bring a torch into the cave? If you have Radiant, it doesn't matter. | 9 |
| File:DW1 Spell Stopspell.png | StopSpell | 2 | Disable enemy | When you encounter an enemy who uses magic, cast this spell to protect yourself. Very few monsters resist this spell! | 10 |
| File:DW1 Spell Outside.png | Outside | 6 | Field | Deep in the underground caves and dungeons lurk terrible creatures. Escape from these places by chanting Outside. | 12 |
| File:DW1 Spell Return.png | Return | 8 | Field | Return whisks you back to Tantegel Castle from anywhere in the overworld of Alefgard. | 13 |
| File:DW1 Spell Repel.png | Repel | 2 | Field | Like sprinkling Fairy Water, Repel keeps monsters at a healthy distance when you are in the countryside. The effect lasts for 127 steps. | 15 |
| File:DW1 Spell Healmore.png | HealMore | 10 | Heal hero | More potent than Heal, Healmore restores 85~100 HP each time you chant it. | 17 |
| File:DW1 Spell Hurtmore.png | Hurtmore | 5 | Attack enemy | More devastating than Hurt; with Hurtmore you can challenge even the strongest enemies. Deals 58~65 damage. | 19 |
# Dragon Quest/Walkthrough

The walkthrough that follows presents the chapter-by-chapter story of Dragon Warrior. The game itself is quite simple however; once you are familiar with the gameplay very little needs be known to win the game.

## Item summary

Something like 95% of the first Dragon Warrior game is spent leveling up. Check out General strategy for advice on doing this, and be ready to spend some time at it. Buy the best items and equipment, upgrading your weapons, armor, and shield each time as soon as you have enough money for it. When you are ready, you can begin searching out what you will need or want to have to defeat the Dragonlord. Without extensive luck, you will need to be level 20-25 to have a chance at winning; most of the tasks below can be accomplished at much lower level however.
* Magic Keys are purchased in the northwest corner of Rimuldar, and will be needed repeatedly.
* You'll want the best buyable equipment before proceeding: a Flame Sword, Magic Armor, and a Silver Shield.
* The Silver Harp is found deep within The Grave of Garin.
* The Stones of Sunlight are found in cellars beneath Tantagel.
* The Staff of Rain will be given to you in exchange for the Silver Harp, by an old man in The Kol Shrine.
* Gwaelin's Love is received after defeating the green dragon in the Swamp Cave.
* Erdrick's Armor is hidden behind a shop in eastern Hauksness, and heavily guarded.
* Erdrick's Token is found deep in the swamps south of Cantlin, 70 paces south and 40 paces east of Tantagel (easy to locate using Gwaelin's Love).
* The Rainbow Drop is given to you by an old man in the temple in southeast Alefgard, once you've acquired the Stones of Sunlight, Staff of Rain, and Erdrick's Token.
* The Rainbow Bridge is created by using the Rainbow Drop next to the channel crossing to Charlock Island.
* Erdrick's Sword is found within The Dragon Lord's Castle.
With all the above items and a sufficiently high level you can defeat the Dragon Lord, located deep within The Dragon Lord's Castle.
# Dragon Quest/Statistics

In Dragon Quest, there are four primary statistics, and two secondary statistics. The four primary stats are based directly on the character's level and name, while the secondary are based from Strength and Agility.

## Name

The name is used to determine both the base stats, and which of the two statistics are used to grow more quickly.
Only the first four characters in the player's name affect stats, and only if they are not blank. To determine the result, look on the table to the right for a given character, and select the top-most row to get the "number" of a given letter (either a number itself, or from "a" to "f", the numbers 10 through 15.) Add them, and divide the result by 16; the remainder is used to determine the stats.
The usually preferred remainder, 12 for STR/HP, is obtained simply by naming your character either "!" or "J". Another very good one, 14, is obtained from "L", for STR/AGI, giving more first-strikes, among others. The other great choices have the remainder within the range 12 through 15.

## Effect of statistics

The base attack power is equal to the character's strength, and is modified by the weapon the player is using.
The base defense power is equal to one half of the character's agility. It is modified by the armor and shield carried by the character.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/GAAP

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. A set of standards of how financial statements are to be formatted and various transactions handled. Each country has its own GAAP. Contrast with IFRS.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/First In First Out

In Inventory, the concept that the first item received is the first item sold. This is the most common practise. Contrast with LIFO and Average.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/Full Time Equivalent

The percentage of full-time employment. A full-time employee is 1.0; a half-time employee is .50.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/Financial Statements

A series of reports including the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement that are produced periodically by an enterprise. Many enterprises produce monthly financial statements.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/Fixed Asset

Something the enterprise has purchased that has a useful life of more than one year and is not for resale
# ERP Internals/Glossary/Finished Goods

An inventory item that can be sold to a customer. Contrast with Part and Raw Material.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/Fiscal Year

A period of one year after which major (often audited) financial statements are prepared. The activity involved in preparing these statements is commonly referred to as "year end". Many enterprises has a fiscal year that starts January 1 and ends December 31. Some enterprises have a fiscal year that starts at another time during the year (e.g. Oct 1 - Sep 30). Normally once a fiscal year has been established it is not changed.
A fiscal year is sub-divided in several accounting periods. Most business use a month as their accounting period. Financial statements are commonly prepared at the end of each accounting period. This activity is commonly referred to as "month end".
# ERP Internals/Glossary/Free on Board

The FOB point is the point to which the buyer will bring the goods without additional freight charges.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/GST

A Canadian tax on goods and services.
# ERP Internals/Glossary/Extensible Markup Language

A means of exchanging information between different computers. XML is used on the Internet. Contrast with EDI.
# Differential Programming Languages/Chapter-1-Syntactic-Differentiation

The derivative is often introduced as an operation on functions: given a function $f:\mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R}$ it's derivative at a point $a$ is a linear function $D(f):\mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R}$. In this book, the derivative is being developed as a programming language construct, so we will need to introduce the derivative as an operation programs $f:\mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R}$. We will restrict our attention to functional programs which for our purposes will mean programs that represent mathematical functions. From this restriction, we can make sense of whether the derivative is implemented correctly -- i.e. that the differentiated program corresponds to the mathematical derivative of the function that the original program represents.
While this is not meant to be an enormous change, there are a few differences to point out:
The immediate challenge is that a single mathematical function can be represented by syntactically different programs
# Differentiation and Integration in Several Real Variables

* Multivariate Taylor expansions
* The chain rule and Clairaut's theorem
* The inverse and implicit function theorems
* Corollaries of the inverse and implicit function theorems
* div, grad, curl
* Measure on the real numbers
* Cavalieri's principle
* Transformation of variables
* Test functions
# Digital Circuits/ALU
## ALU Tasks

ALU Stands for Arithmetic and Logical Unit. The basic function or task of the ALU is to perform the arithmetic on the operands given by the user or other source. It is responsible for performing the Addition or subtraction on registers, comparisons for determining equality, larger as, smaller as and shift operations.

## ALU Slice

ALU slice refers to a

## Further reading

* Microprocessor Design/ALU
* Electronics/ALU
This section of the Digital Circuits wikibook is a stub. You can help by expanding this section. If you add something, list yourself as a Contributor.
# Differential Programming Languages/Table Of Contents

Previous:
Next:
Syntactic differentiation
# Differentiation and Integration in Several Real Variables/Test functions

We will consider two classes of test functions, namely bump functions and Schwartz functions.
Definition (Schwartz function):
Let $n\in \mathbb {N}$. Then the Schwartz functions on $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$ are the set ${\mathcal {S}}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})$ defined in the following way:
    ${\mathcal {S}}(\mathbb {R} ^{n}):=\left\{u\in C^{\infty }(\mathbb {R} ^{n}){\big |}\forall \alpha ,\beta \in \mathbb {N} _{0}^{n}:\left\|x^{\alpha }\partial ^{\beta }u\right\|_{\infty }<\infty \right\}$.
Definition (bump function):
Let $n\in \mathbb {N}$. A bump function on $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$ is a function $u\in C^{\infty }(\mathbb {R} ^{n})$ such that $\operatorname {supp} u$, the support of $u$, is compact.
Proposition (test functions are integrable):
Let $u\in {\mathcal {S}}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})$ or $u\in {\mathcal {D}}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})$. Then $u\in L^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})$.
{{proof|Suppose first $u\in {\mathcal {S}}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})$. We know that on ${\overline {B}}_{1}(0)$, $|u(x)|$ attains a maximum by Weierstraß' theorem.
# Differential Geometry/Vector of Darboux

We consider the rotation of the body formed by the three vectors t, p, and b. We define the rotation vector d as follows:
* d is in the direction of the axis of rotation.
* d points in the direction such that the rotation is clockwise in that direction.
* |d| has the value of the angular velocity of the rigid body, or the velocity when at a distance of 1 away from the axis of rotation.
# Digital Circuits

Template:Digital Electronics

## Introduction

This book is part of a series on Electric Circuits:
Circuit Theory Circuit Idea Digital Circuits Practical Electronics Electronics Analogue Electronics Semiconductors Materials in Electronics
This book will serve as an introduction to Digital Circuits. This book will rely heavily on the concepts of Discrete Math, but will not require any previous knowledge of the subject because all necessary math concepts will be developed in the text. This book will, however, assume a knowledge of basic electrical principles such as current, voltage, and resistance, so the reader may want to brush up on their Circuit Theory.
A mechanical engineer learns to think of everything as a spring. An electrical engineer starts off with building blocks of resistors (circuit theory) and NAND gates. From NAND gates, every part of a computer can be built. Most electronics purchased today contain a huge variety of special purpose chips including a CPU. Mass produced commercial circuits are cheaper to build this way. But digital design is typically implemented today in a chip that can be potentially turned into anything. Most digital courses today plunge straight into programming a FPGA. In any case "design" is important. This course focuses on the design and leaves the FPGA programming for another course.

## Table of Contents
### Digital Basics

* Binary Systems
* Digital Circuit Types
* Design Techniques
* Logic Operations
* Number Representations
* Representations
* Gates
* Karnaugh Maps

### Combinational Circuits

* Multiplexers-Demultiplexers
* Encoders-Decoders

### Sequential Circuits

* Latches
* Flip-Flops
* Registers and Counters

### State Machines

* Finite State Machines
* Optimization

### Arithmetic Circuits

* Adders
* Subtractors
* Multipliers
* ALU

### Semiconductors

* Transistor Basics
* Transistor technologies used in digital circuits

### Function Evaluation

* Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS)
* CORDIC
* Sigma-Delta Modulators

### Practical Digital Design

* I/O Interfacing

### Appendices

* Common Integrated Circuits
* 7400 Series

## Further reading
### Wikimedia Resources

* Embedded Systems
* Programmable Logic
* VHDL for FPGA Design - Principles and Practices
* Semiconductors
* Computer Science:Logic

### Books

* Horowitz and Hill, "The Art of Electronics", ISBN 0521370957
* Tocci, Widmer, and Moss, "Digital Systems: Principles and Applications 10th Edition", ISBN 0131725793
# Evolutionary Biology/Georges Cuvier

Georges Cuvier (1769 – 1832) is known for two topics that are very important to modern science. First, he is considered the founder of the study of functional anatomy. By studying the makeup of the body and its arrangements, he was able to make certain assumptions about body parts by simply examining others.
Cuvier was very interested in Linnaeus’ classification system. After extensive study, he modified the system. The system of taxonomy now included the realm of fossils. He was the first to realise that fossils were the organic remains of extinct animals. Because of his work with fossils, he was given the title of Father of Paleontology. Cuvier was also a believer of immutability of characteristics which rejected evolutionary theory as well as Lamarck’s idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
The most important contribution of Cuvier was his theory of catastrophism. Through his fossil study, he came to notice that some layers (strata) differed from other layers. He also observed that certain fossils were not present in all layers and some completely disappeared after a certain level. This gave Cuvier the idea that the reason for this observation was mass extinction. By adding these two ideas together, he came to his idea of catastrophism: the idea that the boundaries between the strata correspond with catastrophes that occurred throughout time that wiped out entire species. This was his explanation of why certain fossils sometimes disappeared after being found in some strata.
Cuvier’s theory of catastrophism is important to evolution because it gave other scientists a basis to work from. Many other discoveries and ideas come from some theory backing up or going against catastrophism. This theory is also import today with the ongoing investigation of the Chicxulub crater off of the Yucatán peninsula. This crater is a geologic finding potentially reinforces this theory making catastrophism a possible extinction mechanism of the dinosaurs.

## References

* Campbell, Reece. Biology, Sixth edition. Benjamin Cummings. 2001.
* http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Cuvier.html
* http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/02/1/l_021_01.html
* http://www.dickinson.edu/~nicholsa/Romnat/cuvier.htm
# Evolutionary Biology/Phylogeny

The basic context in which evolutionary biology works is phylogeny, a system of classification based on evolutionary relationships rather than phenotypic similarity. The central tenet of evolution is that all life is derived from a single common ancestor, and all life is therefore related. The process by which living things have diverged to the staggering diversity on this world is through the divergence of populations into separate species, which in turn give rise to more distant cousins through time.
We express the relationships among groups of organisms through diagrams called cladograms. If the common ancestor is known and included in the depiction and the depiction includes an axis of time, it is referred to as an evolutionary tree.
# Evolutionary Biology/Primary endosymbiosis

Primary endosymbiosis is the process which involves the engulfment of a prokaryote by another living cell. The engulfed organism may be used as an advantage, supplying the larger cell with its products. For example, if a eukaryotic cell engulfs a photosynthetic alga cell, the eukaryotic cell can then use the products of the alga and become an autotrophic organism.
Either cell can be affected if one of the cells dies. If the larger cell dies the engulfed cell may leave the remains of the larger cell in order to survive. If the originally engulfed cell dies instead, the larger organism will continue to live.
Following primary endosymbiosis, the larger cell may be engulfed itself. This is the process of secondary endosymbiosis.
Scientists believe that endosymbiosis has led to the creation and evolution of both chloroplasts and mitochondria. This theory is called the Endosymbiotic theory.

## References

1. Primary versus Secondary Endosymbiosis. Word Press Blog 2010. <http://endosymbiotichypothesis.wordpress.com/primary-versus-secondary-endosymbiosis/>
# Evolutionary Biology/James Hutton

Hutton (1726–1797) is best known for his theory of gradualism. Hutton was a geologist who left the medical field in order to travel and study the earth's surface. When Hutton's ideas began to circulate, geology was not a subject that was given much attention. The focus of the time was mineralogy.
In 1785, Hutton published his paper titled ‘Theory of the Earth.’ In this paper, he explained how the study of geology confines itself as the study of the material makeup of the earth. He suggested many explanations and origins for many geological occurrences ranging from molten rock formations to the origins of materials found on sea floors.
Hutton began his paper with his studies of atmospheric changes in a section he termed ‘Theory of Rain.’ In this section of his paper, Hutton went into detail of how moisture accumulates in the atmosphere until enough has gathered to form a dense moisture filled cloud with visible precipitate in the form of rain.
It was not until the third version of the Theory of the Earth was published when Hutton introduced his theory of gradualism. This is where he recognized that change did occur, but that change was the gradual culmination of slow processes happening over great amounts of time. By using this idea, it is possible to observe the earth today and make assumptions about the past since change happened over such a long period of time, the earth today must be relevant to the earth of the past.

## References

http://www.gennet.org/facts/hutton.html
Campbell, Reece. Biology, Sixth edition. Benjamin Cummings. 2001.
http://www.usgs.gov/museum/575005.html
# Evolutionary Biology/Evolution before Darwin

* Carl Linnaeus
* James Hutton
* Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
* Thomas Malthus
* Georges Cuvier
* Charles Lyell
# Evolutionary Biology/Secondary endosymbiosis

A process in eukaryotic evolution in which a heterotrophic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell which survived in a symbiotic relationship inside the heterotrophic cell from primary endosymbiosis.
Secondary endosymbiosis is when a living cell engulfs another eukaryote cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis. It has happened often enough that it has led to genetic diversity among the organisms on Earth. Though it undergoes the same process of primary endosymbiosis, the cell that becomes engulfed now becomes very dependent on the larger cell. Unlike primary endosymbiosis, the engulfed cell cannot leave the larger cell and return to its original state. The engulfed primary endosymbiosis cell now has a double phospholipid bilayer. The bilayer consists of its original outer membrane and the membrane of the cell it engulfed in primary endosymbiosis. This evidence of a phospholipid bilayer also encourages that both mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from endosymbiosis.

## References

1. Primary versus Secondary Endosymbiosis. Word Press Blog 2010. <http://endosymbiotichypothesis.wordpress.com/primary-versus-secondary-endosymbiosis/> 2. Quizlet LLC. 2012. <http://quizlet.com/7107460/secondary-endosymbiosis-cryptomonads-flash-cards/>
# English-Hanzi/Vision

Vision is the ability to see things.
视力 是 看到 东西 的 能力。
# English-Hanzi/Vertebra

In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate.
在 脊椎动物 脊柱 中 ，每个 椎骨 是 不 规则 的 骨骼，具有 由 骨骼 和 一些 透明 软骨 构成 的 复杂 结构，其 比例 根据 脊骨 的 节段 和 脊椎动物 的 种类 而 变化。
# English-Hanzi/Very few foods (such as oily fish) naturally contain large amounts of vitamin D

Very few foods (such as oily fish) naturally contain large amounts of vitamin D. In the United States and other countries, milk and vegetable milk substitutes are rich in vitamin D, as are many breakfast cereals. Mushrooms produce useful amounts of vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet light.
很少有食物（如油性鱼）天然含有大量的维生素D。在美国和其他国家，牛奶和植物奶替代品富含维生素D，许多早餐谷物也是如此。 蘑菇在暴露于紫外线下时会产生有用量的维生素D。
# English-Hanzi/Vitamin

Special:search/vitamin prefix:English-Hanzi/
Vitamin is a substance in food. It helps the body to keep healthy or to grow.
维生素 是 食物 中 的 一种 物质。它 帮助 身体 保持 健康 或 生长。
# English-Hanzi/Vertebrate

A vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. The word comes from vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine. Animals that are not vertebrates are called invertebrates. Vertebrates include birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
脊椎动物 是 脊髓 被 软骨 或 骨 包围 的 动物。这个 词 来自 椎骨，构成 脊椎 的 骨头。不是 脊椎动物 的 动物 称为 无脊椎动物。脊椎动物 包括 鸟类，鱼类，两栖动物，爬行动物 和 哺乳动物。
# English-Hanzi/Vietnam

Vietnam is a country to the south of China. Its population is 95 million. Its capital is Hanoi.
越南是一个在中国南面的国家。它的人口是9500万。它的首都是Hanoi。
# English-Hanzi/Village

A village is a small town in a rural area.
村庄 是 农村 地区 的 一个 小镇。
# English-Hanzi/Visual arts

The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture.
视觉艺术是艺术形式，如陶瓷，绘画，油画，雕塑，版画，设计，工艺品，摄影，录像，电影制作和建筑。
# English-Hanzi/Video

Special:search/video prefix:English-Hanzi/
Video is an active electronic image.
视频 是 活动 的 电子 图像。
# English-Hanzi/Virus

Virus is a microorganism. It is smaller than a bacterium. A virus can cause disease to other living things.
病毒是微生物。它比细菌小。病毒会使其他生物患病。