OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scheme Programming/Why Learn Scheme?

Scheme is an excellent language in which to learn the principles of most programming languages. It has a small syntax, and abstracts the programmer far enough away from the machine to express algorithms and ideas simply and concisely.
It is used both as a standalone programming language and as an embedded scripting language (for example, in the Gimp image-editing program). Many universities, including the University of British Columbia and the University of Waterloo, use a variety of Scheme in their introductory computer science courses. The frequently-used textbook Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs makes heavy use of Scheme.
Scheme is frequently praised for its uniform syntax. It is an expressive syntax that can not only be used to write computer programs, but can also be easily read and interpreted by other programs. In fact, some Scheme implementations that are written in Scheme operate through metacircular evaluation.
# School Science/Atmospheric pressure demonstration
## Safety

For the 1st demonstration, safety goggles and/or screen(s) are appropriate to protect against aluminum shrapnel or other risks. For the 2nd, be careful that the setup is not near any strong heat sources or objects that could be easily upset as the paper could go flying.

## Nature abhors a vacuum

Briskly boil a small amount of water for a short time in a soft drink can (until it is full of steam) Then, using a pair of tongs (or clamp if your tongs are too small), swiftly invert the can and plunge it into a large beaker (bowl or bucket) of cold water. The steam condenses, the pressure inside the can falls, and the can collapses (is crushed by the higher atmospheric pressure weighing on the outside of the can). The can must seal on the bottom of the dish with the water, otherwise the vacuum created in the can will only draw water up into the can, and the can will not collapse.

## Force divided by area

Place a full double page sheet (preferably from a broadsheet newspaper) over a ruler or long stick placed on the edge of a desk. The ruler should be protruding out over the edge. Get predictions from the class on the outcome, and then hit the end of the ruler sharply. If done well the page will stay put, or rip. The air pressure pressing down on the newspaper holds the newspaper down despite the force of the ruler trying to push it up.Really you do not need air pressure to explain it, the air pressure can be the same above and below the paper. To show that is not the air pressure you can use two more rulers at both sides of the protruding ruler. Now the air pressure is the same above and below the paper, and the ruler broke again. It is the mass of the paper that broke the ruler. Using a small piece of plasticine on the ruler with the same mass as the paper, you may use the ruler again.
# School Science/Cannon fire

Cannon fire is an audio experiment that produces a series of crackles and bangs like gunfire. The noises are produced by hydrogen peroxide and potassium manganate(VII) reacting to produce oxygen which increases the rate of burning of the ethanol.

## Safety

* Wear eye protection / full face shield
* Remove any concentrated sulfuric acid from the area when using potassium manganate(VII)
* Avoid inhaling any vapour produced
* Be aware of the pale blue / invisible flame that is produced by the burning ethanol

## Required

* Heatproof surface
* Large evaporating basin or metal plate
* Safety screens
* Splints
* Hydrogen peroxide (20%)
* 0.5 g potassium manganate(VII)
* Ethanol

## Method

* Place 30 cm$^3$ hydrogen peroxide and 20 cm$^3$ ethanol into the basin
* Surround the basin with screens and light the mixture with the splint. The ethanol will burn with a pale blue or invisible flame
* Sprinkle 0.5 g of potassium manganate(VII) into the dish

## Notes

* A fine powdered potassium manganate(VII) will give lots of bangs that are fairly quiet. Coarse powdered potassium manganate(VII) however, will give fewer, louder bangs.
It's worth while covering the benches with heatproof mats or such like, this one can go off. I love it!
# School Science/Bell jar model lung

This simple Bell jar model lung can be used to demonstrate the basic principles of breathing. The model should be assembled as in the diagram. A swimming cap makes a suitable diaphragm. The cap can be attached to the bottom of the bell jar, and the balloons can be attached to the Y shaped tube, with elastic bands or plastic coated wire.

### How the Model Works

The cavity inside the bell jar is airtight
* As the diaphragm is pulled down, the volume of the cavity increases. This causes the pressure to fall. Air rushes in to equalise the pressure causing the balloons to inflate.
* As the diaphragm is pushed up, the volume of the cavity decreases, the pressure rises, and the air rushes out of the balloons causing them to deflate.
* This is a great project for classes studying health or for those students learning fluids in science.
The bell jar model helps children from all ages

### More Advanced Models

To more accurately render the anatomical and physiological properties of the lung, where the intrapleural space is filled with aqueous fluid you might want to replace the air in the bell jar with water. By filling the intrapleural space with water the model becomes a little bit more responsive, because of the incompressibility of water in contrast to air. Additionally preloading the balloons by removing water also better assures their automatic return to the exhaled position. A good introduction and overview is given by an article by T. Sherman in Advances in Physiological Education.

## References

* ↑ Sherman, T. F. A Simple Analogue of Lung Mechanics. Am. J. Physiol. 265 (Adv. Phyaiol. Educ. 10): S32-S34, 1993. http://advan.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/265/6/S32?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=Sherman%2C+T&fulltext=bell+jar+lung&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT

## See Also

* Respiration
* Respiratory system
# Roulette/Mechanics/Table

Back | Other Statistical Systems
The roulette table has a layout printed onto a felt cover. There are generally only two types of layouts:

## American Layout

The American layout reflects the 38 possible numbers on the American wheel. The main difference between this layout and the European layout is that at the top of the numbers there are a 0 and a 00. This layout also has a unique betting option where one can play the 0, 00, 1, 2, and 3 however this only pays out 6:1 making it the only bet on the table where the house edge is greater than 5.263%.

## European Layout

The European (aka French) layout reflects the 37 possible numbers on the European wheel. The main difference besides the lack of the 00 is that European tables will generally allow announced bets. In a casino you would tell the croupier the bet you would like and s/he would take your chips and place them on a special marker area to indicate your bet. This marker area can vary widely among table makers.
The house edge is 2.70% on all bets, except in Europe on even money bets (even/odd, red/black, 1-18/19-36). There, if you place an even money bet and the ball lands on zero, you will not forfeit the bet. Instead, in some casinos you will get half your bet back, while in others your bet will be "imprisoned", meaning your bet will be unchanged but it will have to play the next spin. Either way, the house edge for even money bets is 1.35%, the lowest house edge in any kind of roulette.
This method of betting is especially used if you want to bet on segments of the roulette wheel (see Mechanical Systems). These are the Announce Bets and the chip increments needed:
images to come
work in progress
Next | Wheel Layout
# Roulette/Mechanics

Back | History
All roulette tables deal with only four elements:
* 1. The roulette wheel.
* 2. The roulette table (aka layout).
* 3. The ball. These days the ball is most likely high impact plastic, but originally it was made of ivory. Modern casinos maintain the integrity of their roulette balls with regular magnetic and x-ray exams.
* 4. The chips. Some casinos allow the player to use generic casino chips at the roulette tables, but most require the player to buy in at the table. The croupier has stacks of various colored chips. Usually each player gets a different color to help avoid confusion of bets, and the player can designate the value of the chip. This is particularly interesting because if one does not specify the chips are usually valued at either $1 or the table minimum, however if they player wished for the chips to be worth $0.25, s/he may do so as long as the ‘’’total’’’ wager meets the table minimums for their respective sectors. So even if the table minimum is $1, one could place four $0.25 bets and still be a legal.
All roulette tables operated by a casino have the same basic mechanics:
* There is a balanced mechanical wheel with colored pockets separated by identical vanes and the wheel which spins freely on a supporting post.
* The wheel is held within a wooden frame which contains a track around the upper outer edge and blocks of a variety of designs placed approximately halfway down the face of the frame.
* A plastic or ivory ball is spun in the track in the frame that holds the wheel. As the ball loses momentum the centrifugal force is no longer sufficient to hold the ball in the groove and it falls down the face of the frame. As the ball hits a block its trajectory is randomly altered on all 3 planes (X, Y, and Z) causing the ball to bounce and skip.
* The ball falls onto the spinning wheel and eventually lands into one of the pockets.
* The number of the pocket the ball falls into determines how the bets placed on the layout table are treated.
After this the specifics of individual tables can vary greatly.
Next | Table Layouts
# Router Repeater Setup using WDS on Tomato/DD-WRT
## Wireless Distribution System (WDS) Repeater Network setup

Follow the instructions here
The "Basic Wireless" Setup screen should look like this afterwards:
# Routing, Traffic Control, and Firewalls
## Contents

* Before the start
** Computers
** Internet
** GNU/Linux
** Networking under GNU/Linux
* Routing
* Traffic control
* Firewall
* All together
* See also
* Bibliography
# Routing, Traffic Control, and Firewalls/See also

* iproute2
* iptables
# Routing protocols and architectures

Originally imported from WikiAppunti: Protocolli e architetture di routing lecture notes
* Routing algorithms
** Forwarding and routing
** Routing algorithms
** The Distance Vector algorithm
** The Link State algorithm
** Hierarchical routing
** Inter-domain routing
** Multicast routing
* Routing protocols
** Routing Information Protocol
** IGRP and EIGRP
** Open Shortest Path First
** Inter-domain routing: peering and transit in the Internet
** Border Gateway Protocol
** IPv6 routing
** Multicast routing
** Content Delivery Networks
* Network processing
** Hints on the architecture of network devices
** Software-based packet filtering
** Introduction to Software-Defined Networks
# Routing, Traffic Control, and Firewalls/Bibliography

* General
** The Guide to IP Layer Network Administration with Linux by Martin A. Brown
** http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Networking-Overview-HOWTO.html
* Routing and Masquerade
** http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Adv-Routing-HOWTO/index.html
** http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/IP-Masquerade-HOWTO/index.html
** http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO/index.html
* Traffic control
** Policy Routing Book by Matthew G. Marsh
** Traffic Control HOWTO
** Linux Advanced Routing and Traffic Control HOWTO - A tutorial in exploring and using iproute2.
** IPROUTE2 Utility Suite Documentation - Complete official documentation.
** iproute2+tc notes - A collection of documents relating to iproute2 configuration and usage.
** Homepage for iproute2 - at Linux Foundation.
** Source code download directory
** http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/ADSL-Bandwidth-Management-HOWTO/index.html
* More sources
** http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Traffic-Control-HOWTO/links.html
** http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/networking.html
# Selling Property/Licensing/United States/Indiana

In the state of Indiana, the first thing one must do is determine which of three paths you will undertake based on your background. The paths are for:
* persons holding a current license in the state of Indiana;
* persons holding a current license from a state with which Indiana has a reciprocal agreement; or,
* persons who plan to get a license for the first time.
Now for some background. The Indiana Real Estate Commission refers to a Real Estate Agent as a Real Estate Salesperson. (Remember, Indiana is the state which squared the circle by legislating the value of pi to be 3.2!)

## To renew an Indiana license

This is the simplest of all 3 paths. Simply go to the IPLA Website, with a valid credit card or debit card, and pay the renewal fee.

## To obtain an Indiana license when you hold a current license from another state

If you hold a current license in one of these 15 states (Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, or Wisconsin), then you are fortunate. You simply need to
* download the Application for Licensure as a Real Estate Salesperson or Broker;
* complete the form (which primarily means checking the box corresponding to the appropriate state and providing the license number issued by that state, providing address information, etc.); and,
* file the form along with your license fee.
If you hold a current license in any of the remaining states, proceed to the next section.

## Footnotes

* ^ Indiana State Legislature, "Indiana Pi Bill," http://www.agecon.purdue.edu/crd/localgov/Second%20Level%20pages/indiana_pi_bill.htm, accessed 2007-JUL-16.
* ^ Indiana Professional Licensing Agency, Website, http://www.in.gov/pla/express/, accessed 2007-JUL-16.
* ^ Application for Licensure as a Real Estate Salesperson or Broker (State of Indiana), http://www.in.gov/icpr/webfile/formsdiv/44176.pdf, accessed 2007-JUL-16.

## External links

* Indiana Real Estate Commission
* Indiana Professional Licensing Website
* Application for Licensure as a Real Estate Salesperson or Broker (State of Indiana)
* Indiana legislates the value of pi
* Indiana Pi Bill
# Semantic Web/Evolution
## Evolution

A very important concept on the Semantic Web is that of evolution: going from one system into another. Two key parts of evolvability are partial understanding and transformability. We will find out next how these manifest themselves naturally when changing the scale of a system. Partial Understanding: Large Scale to Medium Scale
The concept of partial understanding is a very important one on the Semantic Web, and can often be found in older documents that came out about the same time as the Semantic Web was first being theorized.
An example of partial understanding when moving a large-scale system to a medium-scale system is of a company trying to make sense out of two invoices, one from Company A and one from Company B. The knowledge that both of the companies use similar fields in their invoices is well known, so a company trying to make sense out of the invoices can easily compile a master list of expenditures by simply scraping the data from the two invoice languages. Neither Company A nor Company B need to know that this is going on.
Indeed, TimBL included this example in his XML 2000 keynote:-
* [...] what we'll end up doing in the future is converting things, so for example [...] in the Semantic Web we will have a relationship between two languages so that if you get an invoice in a language you don't understand, and you have... some business software which can pay invoices... by following links across the Semantic Web, your machine will be able to automatically convert it from one language to another, and so process it.
* - Tim Berners-Lee
# Selling Property/Licensing/United States/New Hampshire

In the state of New Hampshire, the first thing you have to do is take courses preparing you for the State and National Real Estate exams. Even if you study independently, proof of 40 hours of training from an accredited training class is necessary before the New Hampshire Real Estate Commission will allow you to take the test, per New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated 331a.
At the NH Real Estate Commission website, there's a list of accredited instructors that can prepare you for the test, be prepared for an investment of several hundred dollars, both for the courses, books you'll need to study from, and for the test dues to the Commission.
The class consists mostly of how to take the test rather than what is necessary to be a Real Estate agent, particularly the two portions, the National and State parts.
There are 100 randomly selected questions on the National Portion, along with 5 more questions in the National Portion that are added within the test, but not counted. The 5 extra questions are within the test, but you, as a test taker do not know which ones are which.
The State Portion is similar, but smaller, with 40 questions along with 5 phantom extra questions like the National Portion. However, the state portion deals solely with issues regarding state law in regards to Real Estate practices (90% of which is dealt with in RSA 331a), as well as the makeup of the New Hampshire Real Estate Commission and some of the bylaws of local Realtor boards.
In order to pass the test, you need to get a 70%(70 National Questions or 30 State Questions) on each portion, although each portion is scored separately, you could pass one and not pass the other and then just have to take the part you failed over again.
Upon successful completion of both tests, you are issued a license to practice Real Estate within the State of New Hampshire, as detailed in RSA 331a. If you wish to practice Real Estate in other states, you only need to take the State Portion tests within their states, similar to the New Hampshire State Portion taken during your initial licensure.
Licenses are held under the aegis of a person with a Broker's license, usually the owner of a Real Estate Agency or the head of a satellite branch of a Real Estate Agency.

## External links

* New Hampshire Real Estate Commission
* RSA 331 A, the New Hampshire Real Estate Practice Act
# Selling Property/Properties

This chapter is geared towards all the things that you'll need to know to be a real estate agent that wasn't on your licensure test. Basically getting your feet wet in the big bad world of selling property.
    Residential
    Commercial
    Industrial
    Special Use
    Mixed Use
# Selling Property/Real Estate Agent

Your job as a Real Estate Agent is to assist those helping to buy and sell Real Property, as discussed in Real Estate.
However, there are several forms of agency that you and a person looking to buy or sell Real Estate can enter into.

## Buyer's Agency

In this form of agency, the agent has a fiduciary responsibility to a person or group looking to purchase Real Property.
As an agent, you must faithfully submit all offers proposed by your client, give your client advice to the best of your abilities and never divulge information that may jeopardize your client's bargaining position.

## Seller's Agency

In this form of agency, the agent has a fiduciary responsibility to the seller of the Real Property, basically mirroring the obligations of a Buyer's Agent (not jeopardizing the Seller's bargaining position, notifying the Seller of all offers, marketing the property to prospective buyers, etc.)
Until recently, Seller's Agency was traditionally seen as what a Real Estate Agent "did", basically as little more than a marketing scout.
Often, a Seller will also become a Buyer for a new property when moving from one residence to another, this is sometimes colloquially referred to as a "Double Whammy"

## Disclosed Dual Agency

It is unethical throughout the United States to be both a Buyer's Agent and a Seller's Agent at the same time without notifying both sides, and in some states, it is unethical to do so even when notifying both sides.
However, in the states where it is ethical, which is the majority of them, an agreement where an agent represents both the buyer and the seller is called a Disclosed Dual Agency. In a Disclosed Dual Agency, the Agent's duties become ministerial, and the fiduciary responsibility switches from that of the client to that of making sure the transaction is completed smoothly and neutrally, while not divulging any information that may have been received from prior agency agreements.
When two agents close a deal from the same office, this is also technically a Dual Disclosed Agency since agents in the same office technically have fiduciary responsibilities to all clients contracted from that office, although the clients directly contracted to a certain agent usually have the agent's primary focus.

## Non-Agency

Under this form of agency, or lack thereof, the person looking to buy or sell Real Estate is known as a customer rather than a client.
With the squeamishness of many people and groups looking to buy or sell Real Property, this is probably the most common form of Agency, despite its name. Non-Agents do not hold any fiduciary responsibility.
Theoretically, Sub Agents, or agents contracted by other agents to do specific tasks in regards to their client for a share of the commission, are lumped in this category.

## Common Misconceptions

Common to contrary belief, not all real estate agents are Realtors, a Realtor is simply a member of the National Association of Realtors, a U.S-wide group of Real Estate agents.

## References

^ Floyd Wickman, "Sweathogs"(referencing incomplete)
# Semantic Web
## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Resource Description Framework
* Screen Scraping, and Forms
* The Power Of Semantic Web Languages
* The Pedantic Web
* Evolution
* Transformability: Small Scale to Medium Scale
* Facilitating Evolvability
* Intertwining: Difficult, But Important
* Semantic Web Applications
* More on the Semantic Web
# Semantic Web/Facilitating Evolvability

How do we document the evolution of languages? This is a very important and indeed urgent question, and one which Tim Berners-Lee summarized quite neatly:-
One possible answer is: third-party databases. Very often, it is not practical to have (in Tim Berners-Lee's example) either the LoC or or BL record the fact that two of their fields are the same, so this information will have to be recorded by a reputable third party.
One such "third party" that was set up to investigate this is SWAG, the Semantic Web Agreement Group. Co-founded by Seth Russell, Sean B. Palmer, Aaron Swartz, and William Loughborough, the group aims to ensure interoperability on the Semantic Web. They set up what is possibly the first ever third-party Semantic Web dictionary, the WebNS SWAG Dictionary.