OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Handbook of Management Scales/Estimated return on investment
## Estimated return on investment (composite reliability = 0.95)
### Description

Survey items were developed from commonly accepted theoretical definitions and were partially influenced by the efforts of other researchers. The authors used past research to obtain general insights about the constructs as opposed to specific items. Business school professors and doctoral students who were familiar with the literature on which the empirical measures were based or who had expertise in survey design critically assessed the content validity of each item. The instrument was then pilot-tested with 30 responses from executives who had been involved in similar types of partnerships. Results from the pilot sample enabled the authors to purify the measures.

### Items

* As compared to the normal returns within the industry, the estimated return on investment from this technology is: (1 = significantly less, 5 = significantly greater)
* As compared to your company's other investments, the estimated return on investment from this technology is: (1 = significantly less, 5 = significantly greater)
* In your composite assessment, how well has this technology met your firm's expectations? (1 = very poorly, 5 = very well)

### Source

* Steensma/Corley (2000): On the performance of technology-sourcing partnerships: The interaction between partner interdependence and technology attributes. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1045-1067.
# Foundations of Education and Instructional Assessment/Note to Readers

This book is the newest iteration of a project that began way back in the Fall of 2006. Students enrolled in a course called Introduction to the Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education wrote, read, studied and were tested on their very own textbook--Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education.
Now, times have changed at Old Dominion University. Introduction to the Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education, (the course), no longer exists. It has been replaced with Foundations of Education and Instructional Assessment—hence, the name of our new book.
Like the original, this book was written, read, and studied by Undergraduate college students enrolled in their first education course. If you're familiar with the original Wikibook, some of the content in this book may look familiar. Just the same, we hope you enjoy the new content and the creative ways in which that content is presented.
A presentation given on the process used to develop this textbook can be found at AERASymposiumPresentation.pdf.
# Foundations of Education and Instructional Assessment/Performance Assessment and Rubrics

    What are the pros and cons of using rubrics?
    How can students be involved in the creation and use of rubrics?
    What kind of rubric is best for a particular project?
    What performance assessments can be used for elementary language arts?
    What performance assessments can be used for elementary math?
    What performance assessments can be used for elementary science?
    What performance assessments can be used for elementary social studies?
    What performance assessments can be used for elementary art?
    What performance assessments can be used for elementary physical education?
    What performance assessments can be used for secondary English?
    What performance assessments can be used for secondary math?
    What performance assessments can be used for secondary science?
    What performance assessments can be used for secondary social studies?
    What performance assessments can be used for secondary foreign languages?
# Happiness/Health

According to the Satisfaction with Life Index, health has a strong correlation (.7) with happiness.
# Happiness/Knowing Your Personality

The attainment of happiness is a philosophical question which has puzzled and confused thinkers for all of history. Many who have delved into this question have provided their own advice for the proper garnering of such a thing, but few have succeeded in articulating or even describing an answer to this question. It is believed that the attainment of happiness is rather individualized and rests little on a universal answer.
# Happiness/Music

Music is so naturally united with us that we cannot be free from it even if we so desired -Boethius
Music, like other forms of art, has more emotional value than the sound vibrations or paint strokes that make them.
As shown in many studies, music has countless benefits, including:
* Increasing IQ
* Increasing SAT scores
* Getting into medical school
* Helping stroke victims relearn how to speak
* Improved emotional health
* Reducing stress

## References

* ↑ http://www.erin.utoronto.ca/~w3psygs/MusicLessons.pdf
* ↑ http://www.amc-music.com/musiceducation/sats.htm
* ↑ http://production.amc-music.org/child_literature.htm
* ↑ http://www.amc-music.com/musicmaking/brain/stroke.htm
* ↑ http://www.amc-music.com/research_briefs.htm
* ↑ http://www.heall.com/products/music/studyfindsmusiceasesstress.html

## External links

* This is Your Brain on Music, a bestselling book explaining the science of music
# Happiness/Independence

The worst loneliness is to not be comfortable with yourself. -Mark Twain
Although placing sentimental value on something or someone can be emotionally useful, the attachment can become risky. If the object of interest changes, the result can be devastating in many ways. In order to be truly happy, one has to find such happiness from within. This ensures that no matter what happens around them, that happiness will always return. In other words, one should have good self-esteem to be happy. Without a definite "you," actions feel meaningless.
This is not the same as complete detachment from the world around you. Not defining yourself in terms of other things is not the same as ignoring the outside world.

## Defining Success

Some people judge themselves on how much money they make, or how many home runs they hit. If you're a human of superhuman ability, this is usually not a problem. But the fact is, most of us are not superhuman. It is impossible for everyone to be above average.
Each individual must decide what success looks like to them and then take steps towards that goal, finding compassion for oneself in every step. Everyone measures success differently, and it is unfair to hold oneself to society's standard of success as it's not realistic for everyone to reach.
# Happiness/Money
## "Money can't buy happiness"

To a certain point, this phrase is false. Countries with higher GDPs per capita are generally happier, but the correlation once GDP/capita exceeds 20K/year is minimal.

## How Much Money do we Really Need?

(See also Prioritizing) Whenever you make a major purchase, you should consider how the emotional value of the purchase would compare to the monetary value. Say you've saved $20,000 over a long period of time. What will make you happier - buying a new car, or buying a used car and donating $1000 to ten different charities, and knowing you've made a positive difference in the world?

## References

* ↑ http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa590.pdf
# Happiness/Pets

Humans have an unusual relationship with animals - we have domesticated many species of them, and interact with them almost as if they were our children.
Owning a pet can teach children responsibility, and help elderly people stay healthy. Dogs can also help people people maintain a consistent exercise schedule.
See what Wikipedia says about the health benefits of pets.
# Happiness/Freedom

"The secret to happiness is freedom and the secret to freedom is courage." - Thucydides
"Courage is magic that turns dream into reality." -Aster and Richter abend
Go out from the nest to enjoy the beauty and cruelty of the world. Take its experiences and life lessons until you reach happiness and success in the future. Choose freedom, let world see your efforts and happiness will come in its way, god promises that. Letting go gives freedom and freedom is the only condition for happiness. When you come to the point where you have no need to impress anybody, your freedom will begin.
"Freedom is never given, it is won. " -A. philip Randolph
Break the rules find your freedom live your life.
# Happiness/Nature

It seems that people are intrinsically inspired to awe by what appears to be a universal aesthetic for natural beauty. Its grand scheme can also work to humble oneself and help one accept the immovable boulders of worries that occupy one's life.
# Happiness/Passion

The opposite of love is not hate, it's indifference. The opposite of art is not ugliness, it's indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy, it's indifference. And the opposite of life is not death, it's indifference. -Elie Wiesel
It seems quite simple that people who have a goal in mind are not as listless as those without one. Yet some go through their daily lives not knowing what they want to get out of that day. How can one accomplish something when there is no goal to accomplish? Goals don't have to be of epic proportions - in fact, they probably shouldn't be. Life should be taken step by step. Every small achievement counts.
# Flora of New York/h-order

Order {{{1}}}
# Flora of New York/h-genus

Genus {{{1}}}
# Flora of New York/genus

|-style="font-size:12px;line-height:14px" |align=center|Genus [[w:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] |align=center|{{{2}}} |nowrap=true align=center|N.Y. Status |width=100 align=center|[[Commons:Category:{{{1}}}|Images]] |width=100 align=center|Distribution |align=center|{{{4}}} NPT
# Flora of New York/h-family

Family {{{1}}}
# Flora of New York/gloss

{{{1}}}
# Flora of New York/h-ser

{{{1}}} subg. {{{2}}} sect. {{{3}}} ser. {{{4}}}
# Flora of New York/h-subfamily

Subfamily {{{1}}}
# Flora of New York/h-sect

{{{1}}} sect. {{{2}}}
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Management Issues
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Madd Dogg's Rhymes
* Location: Burger Shot car park, Marina, Los Santos

## Walkthrough

OG Loc needs you to take care of Madd Dogg's manager. So QUICKLY, AND I MEAN QUICKLY, drive to Burgershot to steal the car. If you don't, you'll have to ram the bodyguard out of his car and take it to the Pay'N'Spray after. After that, head over to the rendezvous point quickly and in perfect condition. Park the car in the same position as the others and pick up the manager. After that, floor it and head to the pier. Get some speed and bail out so the car goes flying to the ocean. After that, head back to Burgershot and you're done.
After you have kidnapped the manager, if you let the bodyguards get too close when you drive into the pier, you will need to "deal with" them because they are the crime witnesses.

## Tips

* If you see the car stopping at the lights, you can jack it so that you don't cause any damage to it.

## Rewards

* Respect: +5

## New Missions Available

* House Party
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Mike Toreno
## Prerequisites

* Mission: T-Bone Mendez
* Location: Jizzy's Club, Battery Point, San Fierro

## Walkthrough

After the cutscene, get in the car and follow the directions given, via the building site in Doherty, the docks at Easter Basin, then finally to the airport. When you get to the airport, use the meter to locate the van. If you get there with plenty of time, the van is at the northeast end of the runway. Don't destroy the van, Mike is inside. Follow them, and they will eventually stop. Take them out, and T-Bone will release Toreno from the back of the van. Now destroy the van, and drive out of the airport. When you reach the entrance, you will be given a 3-star wanted level, and must get to the indicated Pay N Spray, then back to Jizzy's to complete the mission.

## Tips

* If you like, you can skip all the phone nonsense, and drive straight to the airport.

## Rewards

* Cash: $7,000
* Respect: +25

## New Missions Available

* Outrider
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Monster
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Monster
* Location: Mystery caller's ranch, Tierra Robada

## Walkthrough

After the cutscenes, get into the monster truck. Now you must complete a timed checkpoint race in six and a half minutes, which begins as soon as you pass through the first checkpoint. Use R1 to enable the truck's 4-wheel steering. The amount of money you get will depend on which time you beat:
* 4:20 = $5,000
* 5:00 = $4,000
* 5:30 = $3,000
* 6:00 = $2,000
* 6:30 = $1,000

## New Missions Available

* Highjack
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/N.O.E.
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Learning to Fly
* Location: CJ's airstrip, Verdant Meadows, Bone County

## Walkthrough

You have to take the ex-WWII plane from the hanger, fly it to Angel Pine for an air-drop, and then return to the airstrip and land. You must keep your altitude really low or you get spotted, and intercepted by the air force.

## Tips

* If you find the draw-distance insufficient to take a direct route, you can simply fly above the water surrounding San Andreas in a counter-clockwise direction.
* The radar-height requirement isn't really too strict - the bar goes up quite slowly, and even if it does hit maximum, you can lose your pursuers by staying below the radar for a while. However, if you hit the ground (or water, for more than just a brief skim) then the mission's over. Let this be a lesson.

## Rewards

Cash: $15,000

## New Missions Available

* Stowaway
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Misappropriation
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Intensive Care
* Location: Prickly Pine, Las Venturas

## Walkthrough

A bit of a toughie this one, you need to retrieve a dossier on Tenpenny's behalf from a Government agency. The first thing you have to do is drive into the desert to the location of the carrier, this first location is not too far from your Verdant Meadows airstrip. There are plenty of Feds and other Government gunmen around so be wary when approaching the map blip. If you are handy with the Sniper Rifle and have lots of ammo to hand you may be able to complete the mission at this location, if you have this in mind then try the raised area to the east of the map marker for a good sniping location.
Assuming that the carrier makes his escape, you have to grab the second helicopter and follow him, this chase takes you back into Las Venturas and over a restricted area which will get you a five-star wanted level just for overflying in the chopper and some unwanted attention from the airforce which makes life difficult when you are concentrating on following another helicopter, therefore it is best to take a wide line around this region if you can.
Once you are back to Las Venturas, the carrier makes for a tall building with a helipad on top, this is possibly the easiest place to grab the dossier as there is no covering fire there and the mission ends the moment you grab the case. If you can land in such a way as to obstruct his escape down the stairs from the helipad then you should have no problems.
If he escapes the helipad then he will make his way down the building, which is partially a multi-storey car-park, and head east into town, the final location is an underground car-park but this is difficult as he has plenty of supporting fire and you'll have quite a shootout on your hands!

## Tips

Easiest if you have plenty of ammo to hand, it is possible to snipe the carrier from a nearby ridge or destroy his chopper before he takes off but this can lead to failure also. Try the raised area to the east of the marker on the map to get an overview of the site and a good sniper point. The carrier appears to start in a small building at the north end of the site, you can flush him out by firing a shot at someone but bear in mind that other agents will grab the case if it is dropped.
A minigun makes this mission a breeze. Sneak round to the red rock north east of the marker and let rip, you should easily get the carrier and all the henchmen.
One easy way of completing this mission, is to sneak round the outskirts of the small town without being seen. That way when the guards are alerted to your presense, you can take a quick shot at the carrier before he gets to the helicopter, grab the dossier and run away.
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/NRG Challenge

At the Docks in San Fierro, there is a vacant dry dock in the shape of a halfpipe. There are a number of checkpoints that you have to travel through with the bike, each adding 10 seconds to your time. Some of these checkpoints are in the air, requiring you to use the halfpipe to jump to them.
This is simply a filler mission, another set of meaningless hoops to jump through. It is another step toward 100% completion, but unfortunately it does not add any abilities or other attributes to your character.
One plus is that if you fail the mission, you can simply return the motorcycle to its starting position, dismount and get back on to reset. When you do so any damage to the motorcycle is removed.
There are three stages to completing this mission.
1. Collect most of the checkpoints on ground level first. Drive straight towards the end of the dock, through the first checkpoint, turn right onto the bridge to get the second one, and drive over the bridge over the lock.
When you get to the other side of the bridge, turn right at the blackboard and drive through the third checkpoint. Drive along the edge of the drydock until you are directly above the next checkpoint and drop down onto it.
Now collect all of the checkpoints in the basin by driving counter-clockwise around the rounded end, and then back to the lock end of the drydock.
2. Next, you can collect the three checkpoints at the west end of the basin. For the one directly at the west end, start at the east end of the basin, accelerate west directly down the center and when you get to the end, turn slightly to the right.
Head back down the ramp and get the two checkpoints on the ramp.
For the northwest-most checkpoint, go back to the east end of the basin, and drive west down the left side. When you get to the end, turn to the right to snag this checkpoint.
Repeat this for the southwest-most checkpoint: drive west down the right side and turn left. This should jump you through this hoop.
3. Now there are four checkpoints remaining. To accomplish this portion, you will need to start on the opposite side of the drydock from each hoop, drop down into the basin, and hit the bottom in the right direction. If you do so, and floor it, you should be able to jump through the last remaining checkpoints. These are the most difficult ones to get.
The second checkpoint on the south edge from the west may be reachable by a slingshot around the north edge of the round end.
The third checkpoint on the south edge can be best reached by jumping from the top of the basin and flooring it. This requires hitting the bottom of the basin straight on.
This scenario requires a lot of practice and just plain luck. Prepare to fall off the bike quite a bit.
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Madd Dogg
## Prerequisites

* Mission: The Meat Business
* Location: Royal Casino, Las Venturas

## Walkthrough

In this mission, you encounter a drunken Madd Dogg on the roof of the casino, onlookers are persuading him to jump, however you need to save him. Follow the game's instructions, to collect the pickup truck, and park it in the marker. Then manuever the truck as Madd Dogg stumbles and falls, and take him to the hospital.

## Tips

When the view changes, do not steer at all, merely drive forward and backward, to match the position of Madd Dogg as he shuffles along the roof.
When he jumps, it LOOKS like he will not hit the truck, but if you have not steered, he will land on the boxes in the back of the pickup.
After that, drive steadily to the hospital. There is no timer, so you can take it easy (since bumps and knocks reduce Madd Dogg's health)
Make sure you haven't entered the "Ped Riot" cheat or completing this mission is impossible. Just don't save with the cheat on.
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Madd Dogg's Rhymes
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Life's a Beach
* Location: Burger Shot car park, Marina, Los Santos

## Walkthrough

This is your introduction to stealth missions and there's really no need for a walkthrough. The basics of it all is to crouch and kill the guards with your knife. If one of them is alerted, it's okay, you just have to knife them all out of your way. Once you get the rhyme book, you could sneak out or shoot your way through.

## Rewards

* Respect: +4
* Item: Knife
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Made In Heaven
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Gone Courting
* Location: Catalina's hideout, Fern Ridge, Red County

## Walkthrough

This is similar to First Date. Choose the final mission from the list:
* Tanker Commander
* Against All Odds
* Local Liquor Store
* Small Town Bank

## Rewards

None

## New Missions Available

* Farewell, my love... (also requires: Wu Zi Mu)
# Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas/Missions/Mountain Cloud Boys
## Prerequisites

* Mission: Jizzy
* Location: Woozie's office, Chinatown, San Fierro

## Walkthrough

After the cutscene, drive round the block to the alley. Follow Woozie to trigger another cutscene. Now you have to get out of the alley alive. If Woozie dies, you fail the mission. Once you get back in the car, some enemy cars chase you. Just drive Woozie back to his office to complete the mission.

## Rewards

* Cash: $5,000
* Respect: +10

## New Missions Available

* Ran Fa Li
# Electronics/Crystals

< Expanded Edition
The vast majority of crystals used in electronics are piezoelectric crystals.
The piezoelectric effect (converting back and forth between electrical voltage and mechanical position) makes quartz crystals physically vibrate. The quartz crystal can be cut into the right shape and appropriately mounted so that it "rings" (vibrates) only at one precise frequency, useful for clock circuits.
Some quartz crystals are used as SAW filters.
PZT crystals are used in ultrasonic devices such as Medical ultrasonography. They use the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy to sound energy to send out a pulse, then convert the sound energy of the echo back to electrical energy.

## other

(The atomic clocks in GPS satellites use the oscillations of cesium atoms in gas form as the time reference. That gives far better precision than any known crystal oscillator.)

## See also

Wikipedia: Crystal radio receiver