OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Miltank
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 241
* Johto Index: 149
* Hoenn Index: 376
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 1.2m/3'11"
* Weight: 75.5kg/166.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 100% Female
* Ability: Thick Fat
* Type: Normal
* Species: Milk Cow
* Egg Group: Ground
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 45
* Base Experience: 200
* Max Experience: 1250000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 95 | 80 | 105 | 100 | 40 | 70 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 95 | 80 | 105 | 100 | 40 | 70 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 393 | 258 | 308 | 298 | 178 | 238 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 394 | 284 | 339 | 328 | 196 | 262 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Miltank: Fighting Move types which don't effect Miltank: Ghost
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Miltank.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Tackle | Tackle | Tackle | Tackle |
| 4 | Growl | Growl | Growl | Growl |
| 8 | Defense Curl | Defense Curl | Defense Curl | Defense Curl |
| 13 | Stomp | Stomp | Stomp | Stomp |
| 19 | Milk Drink | Milk Drink | Milk Drink | Milk Drink |
| 26 | Bide | Bide | Bide | Bide |
| 34 | Rollout | Rollout | Rollout | Rollout |
| 43 | Body Slam | Body Slam | Body Slam | Body Slam |
| 53 | Heal Bell | Heal Bell | Heal Bell | Heal Bell |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Blizzard, Double Team, Earthquake, Frustration, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Iron Tail, Protect, Rain Dance, Rest, Return, Rock Smash, Sandstorm, Shadow Ball, Strength, Sunny Day, Surf, Thunder, Toxic
* C/RS/FL: Ice Beam, Thunderbolt
* GS/C: Curse, Defense Curl, Dynamicpunch, Endure, Fire Punch, Headbutt, Ice Punch, Icy Wind, Mud-Slap, Psych Up, Rollout, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Sweet Scent, Thunderpunch, Zap Cannon
* RS/FL: Brick Break, Focus Punch, Facade, Rock Tomb, Secret Power, Shock Wave, Solarbeam, Water Pulse

### Breeding

* GS/C/RS/FL: Present, Reversal, Seismic Toss
* RS/FL: Curse, Endure, Helping Hand, Psych Up, Sleep Talk

## Trading Cards

* Neo Genesis #41 - Miltank
* Aquapolis #94 - Miltank
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ੲ

Practice writing ੲ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ਹ

Practice writing ਹ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ੜ

Practice writing ੜ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ਵ

Practice writing ਵ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ਸ

Practice writing ਸ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ੳ

Practice writing ੳ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ਰ

Practice writing ਰ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ਲ

Practice writing ਲ by following its animation or click below to practice writing a different letter.
# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ਮ

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# Punjabi/Gurmukhi/Practice/ਯ

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# Pokémon/Pokédex/Pincurchin
## Description

A urchinlike Pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Electric type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Pincurchin: ground Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Pincurchin: electric, flying, steel
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Politoed
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 186
* Johto Index: 75
* Hoenn Index: 331
* Stage: Stage 2
* Height: 1.1m/3'7"
* Weight: 33.9kg/75.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Water Absorb/Damp
* Type: Water
* Species: Frog
* Egg Group: Water 1
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 45
* Base Experience: 185
* Max Experience: 1059860
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 90 | 75 | 75 | 70 | 90 | 100 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 90 | 75 | 75 | 70 | 90 | 100 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 383 | 248 | 248 | 238 | 278 | 298 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 384 | 273 | 273 | 262 | 306 | 328 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are super effective on Politoed: Electric, Grass
Move types which are not very effective on Politoed:Fire, Ice, Steel , Water
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Politoed.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire Emerald XD / Colosseum | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Water Gun Hypnosis Doubleslap Perish Song | Water Gun Hypnosis Doubleslap Perish Song | Water Gun Hypnosis Doubleslap Perish Song | Water Gun Hypnosis Doubleslap Perish Song |
| 35 | Perish Song | Perish Song | Perish Song | Perish Song |
| 51 | Swagger | Swagger | Swagger | Swagger |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Blizzard, Double Team, Earthquake, Frustration, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Protect, Psychic, Rain Dance, Rest, Return, Rock Smash, Strength, Surf, Thief, Toxic, Waterfall
* C/RS/FL: Ice Beam
* GS/C: Curse, Defense Curl, Detect, Dynamicpunch, Endure, Headbutt, Ice Punch, Icy Wind, Mud-Slap, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Whirlpool
* RS/FL: Brick Break, Dig, Dive, Facade, Focus Punch, Hail, Secret Power, Water Pulse

### Evolution

* GS/C/RS/FL: Bubblebeam, Haze, Mind Reader, Mist, Splash
* RS/FL: Ice Ball, Water Sport

## Trading Cards

* Neo Discovery #8 - Politoed
* Neo Discovery #27 - Politoed
* Skyridge #H23 - Politoed
* Skyridge #25 - Politoed
| Basic: Poliwag | Stage 1: Poliwhirl | Stage 2: Poliwrath |
| Basic: Poliwag | Stage 1: Poliwhirl | Stage 2: Politoed |
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Piloswine
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 221
* Johto Index: 192
* Hoenn Index: 361
* Stage: Stage 1
* Height: 1.1m/3'7"
* Weight: 55.8kg/123.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Oblivious
* Type: Ice/Ground
* Species: Swine
* Egg Group: Ground
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 75
* Base Experience: 160
* Max Experience: 1250000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 100 | 100 | 80 | 50 | 60 | 60 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 100 | 100 | 80 | 50 | 60 | 60 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 403 | 298 | 258 | 198 | 218 | 218 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 404 | 328 | 284 | 218 | 240 | 240 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Piloswine: Fighting, Fire, Grass, Steel, Water Move types which are bad on Piloswine: Poison Move types which don't effect Piloswine: Electric
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Piloswine.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Horn Attack Powder Snow Endure | Horn Attack Powder Snow Endure | Horn Attack Odor Sleuth Powder Snow Endure | Horn Attack Odor Sleuth Powder Snow Endure |
| 10 | Powder Snow | Powder Snow | Powder Snow | Powder Snow |
| 19 | Endure | Endure | Endure | Endure |
| 28 | Take Down | Take Down | Take Down | Take Down |
| 33 | Fury Attack | Fury Attack | Fury Attack | Fury Attack |
| 42 | Mist | Mist | Mist | Mist |
| 56 | Blizzard | Blizzard | Blizzard | Blizzard |
| 70 | - | Amnesia | Amnesia | Amnesia |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Blizzard, Double Team, Earthquake, Frustration, Hidden Power, Hyper Beam, Protect, Rain Dance, Rest, Return, Roar, Rock Smash, Strength, Toxic
* C/RS/FL: Ice Beam
* GS/C: Curse, Defense Curl, Detect, Endure, Headbutt, Icy Wind, Mud-Slap, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger
* RS/FL: Dig, Facade, Hail, Light Screen, Reflect, Rock Tomb, Sandstorm, Secret Power

### Evolution

* GS/C/RS/FL: Ancientpower, Bite, Body Slam, Rock Slide, Take Down
* RS/FL: Double-Edge, Icicle Spear, Mud Shot

## Trading Cards

* Neo Genesis #44 - Piloswine
* Neo Revelation #35 - Piloswine
* Neo Destiny #26 - Light Piloswine
* Skyridge #H22 - Piloswine
* Skyridge #24 - Piloswine
* Skyridge #43 - Piloswine
* EX Team Rocket Returns #13 - Piloswine
| Basic: Swinub | Stage 1: Piloswine | Stage 2: Mamoswine |
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Pineco
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 204
* Johto Index: 93
* Hoenn Index: 347
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 0.6m/2'0"
* Weight: 7.2kg/16.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Sturdy
* Type: Bug
* Species: Bagworm
* Egg Group: Bug
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 190
* Base Experience: 60
* Max Experience: 1000000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | 50 | 65 | 90 | 15 | 35 | 35 |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 50 | 65 | 90 | 15 | 35 | 35 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | 303 | 228 | 278 | 128 | 168 | 168 |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 304 | 251 | 306 | 141 | 185 | 185 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Pineco: Fire, Flying, Rock Move types which are bad on Pineco: Fighting, Grass, Ground
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Pineco.

## How to Evolve

Pineco evolves at level 31.

## Moveset

| Level | Gold / Silver | Crystal | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Tackle Protect | Tackle Protect | Tackle Protect | Tackle Protect |
| 8 | Selfdestruct | Selfdestruct | Selfdestruct | Selfdestruct |
| 15 | Take Down | Take Down | Take Down | Take Down |
| 22 | Rapid Spin | Rapid Spin | Rapid Spin | Rapid Spin |
| 29 | Bide | Bide | Bide | Bide |
| 36 | Explosion | Explosion | Explosion | Explosion |
| 43 | Spikes | Spikes | Spikes | Spikes |
| 50 | Double-Edge | Double-Edge | Double-Edge | Double-Edge |

### TM/HM

* GS/C/RS/FL: Attract, Double Team, Frustration, Giga Drain, Hidden Power, Protect, Rest, Return, Rock Smash, Solarbeam, Strength, Sunny Day, Toxic
* GS/C: Curse, Defense Curl, Endure, Headbutt, Rollout, Sleep Talk, Snore, Swagger, Sweet Scent
* RS/FL: Dig, Earthquake, Facade, Light Screen, Reflect, Sandstorm, Secret Power

### Breeding

* GS/C/RS/FL: Flail, Pin Missile, Reflect, Swift
* RS/FL: Counter, Sand Tomb

## Trading Cards

* Neo Discovery #61 - Pineco
* Neo Destiny #76 - Pineco
* Skyridge #85 - Pineco
* Skyridge #86 - Pineco
* EX Dragon #71 - Pineco
| Basic: Pineco | Stage 1: Forretress | (No Stage 2) |
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Piplup
## Description

A Bipedal penguinlike pokémon.

## Base Statistics

A Water type Pokémon.

## Type Matching

Moves that deal 200% of their damage to Piplup: grass, electric Moves that deal 50% of their damage to Piplup: fire, water, ice, steel
# Pokémon/Pokédex/Plusle
## Basic Statistics

* National Index: 311
* Johto Index: 311
* Hoenn Index: 80
* Stage: Basic
* Height: 0.4m/1'4"
* Weight: 4.2kg/9.0lb
* Gender Distribution: 50% Male
* Ability: Plus
* Type: Electric
* Species: Cheering
* Egg Group: Fairy
* Hatch Steps: 5120
* Catch Rate: 200
* Base Experience: 120
* Max Experience: 1000000
| | HP | Attack | Defense | Speed | Special Attack | Special Defense |
| Base Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Base Stats (RS/FL/E) | 60 | 50 | 40 | 95 | 85 | 75 |
| Base Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (BW/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (XY/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Base Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (RB/Y) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (GS/C) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Max Stats (RS/FL/E) | 324 | 218 | 196 | 317 | 295 | 273 |
| Max Stats (DP/PT/HGSS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (B/W/B2W2) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (X/Y/ORAS) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (SM/USUM) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Max Stats (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Effort Points (Sword/Shield/BDSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |

## Type Matching

Move types which are good on Plusle: Ground Move types which are bad on Plusle: Electric, Flying, Steel
All other move types are normal effectiveness on Plusle.

## Moveset

| Level | Ruby / Sapphire | Fire Red / Leaf Green |
| Start | Growl | Growl |
| 4 | Thunder Wave | Thunder Wave |
| 10 | Quick Attack | Quick Attack |
| 13 | Helping Hand | Helping Hand |
| 19 | Spark | Spark |
| 22 | Encore | Encore |
| 28 | Fake Tears | Fake Tears |
| 31 | Charge | Charge |
| 37 | Thunder | Thunder |
| 40 | Baton Pass | Baton Pass |
| 47 | Agility | Agility |

### TM/HM

* RS/FL: Attract, Double Team, Facade, Flash, Frustration, Hidden Power, Iron Tail, Light Screen, Protect, Rain Dance, Rest, Return, Secret Power, Shock Wave, Thunder, Thunderbolt, Toxic

### Breeding

* RS/FL: Substitute, Wish

## Trading Cards

* EX Dragon #8 - Plusle
* EX Hidden Legends #69 - Plusle
* EX Deoxys #44 - Plusle
# Linear Algebra/Determinant

The determinant is a function which associates to a square matrix an element of the field on which it is defined (commonly the real or complex numbers). The determinant is required to hold these properties:
    $\det {\begin{bmatrix}\ddots &\vdots &\ldots \\\lambda a_{1}+\mu b_{1}&\cdots &\lambda a_{n}+\mu b_{n}\\\cdots &\vdots &\ddots \end{bmatrix}}=\lambda \det {\begin{bmatrix}\ddots &\vdots &\cdots \\a_{1}&\cdots &a_{n}\\\cdots &\vdots &\ddots \end{bmatrix}}+\mu \det {\begin{bmatrix}\ddots &\vdots &\cdots \\b_{1}&\cdots &b_{n}\\\cdots &\vdots &\ddots \end{bmatrix}}$
* If the matrix has two equal rows its determinant is zero.
* The determinant of the identity matrix is 1.
It is possible to prove that $\det A=\det A^{T}$, making the definition of the determinant on the rows equal to the one on the columns.

## Properties

* The determinant is zero if and only if the rows are linearly dependent.
* Changing two rows changes the sign of the determinant:
    $\det {\begin{bmatrix}\cdots \\{\mbox{row A}}\\\cdots \\{\mbox{row B}}\\\cdots \end{bmatrix}}=-\det {\begin{bmatrix}\cdots \\{\mbox{row B}}\\\cdots \\{\mbox{row A}}\\\cdots \end{bmatrix}}$
* The determinant is a multiplicative map in the sense that
    $\det(AB)=\det(A)\det(B)\,$ for all n-by-n matrices $A$ and $B$.
This is generalized by the Cauchy-Binet formula to products of non-square matrices.
* It is easy to see that $\det(rI_{n})=r^{n}\,$ and thus
    $\det(rA)=\det(rI_{n}\cdot A)=r^{n}\det(A)\,$ for all $n$-by-$n$ matrices $A$ and all scalars $r$.
* A matrix over a commutative ring R is invertible if and only if its determinant is a unit in R. In particular, if A is a matrix over a field such as the real or complex numbers, then A is invertible if and only if det(A) is not zero. In this case we have
    $\det(A^{-1})=\det(A)^{-1}.\,$
Expressed differently: the vectors v$_1$,...,v$_n$ in R$^n$ form a basis if and only if det(v$_1$,...,v$_n$) is non-zero.
A matrix and its transpose have the same determinant:
    $\det(A^{\top })=\det(A).\,$
The determinants of a complex matrix and of its conjugate transpose are conjugate:
    $\det(A^{*})=\det(A)^{*}.\,$

## Theorems
### Existence

Using Laplace's formula for the determinant

### Binet's theorem

$\det(AB)=\det A\cdot \det B$
# Linear Algebra/Diagonal Matrix

A diagonal matrix, $A$, is a square matrix in which the entries outside of the main diagonal are zero. The main diagonal of a square matrix consists of the entries which run from the top left corner to the bottom right corner.
In the example below the main diagonal are $a_{11},a_{22},...,a_{nn}\!$
    $\quad A={\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&0&\cdots &0\\0&a_{22}&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&0&\cdots &a_{nn}\end{bmatrix}}$
# Linear Algebra/Determinants

In the first chapter of this book we considered linear systems and we picked out the special case of systems with the same number of equations as unknowns, those of the form $T{\vec {x}}={\vec {b}}$ where $T$ is a square matrix. We noted a distinction between two classes of $T$'s. While such systems may have a unique solution or no solutions or infinitely many solutions, if a particular $T$ is associated with a unique solution in any system, such as the homogeneous system ${\vec {b}}={\vec {0}}$, then $T$ is associated with a unique solution for every ${\vec {b}}$. We call such a matrix of coefficients "nonsingular". The other kind of $T$, where every linear system for which it is the matrix of coefficients has either no solution or infinitely many solutions, we call "singular".
Through the second and third chapters the value of this distinction has been a theme. For instance, we now know that nonsingularity of an $n\!\times \!n$ matrix $T$ is equivalent to each of these:
* a system $T{\vec {x}}={\vec {b}}$ has a solution, and that solution is unique;
* Gauss-Jordan reduction of $T$ yields an identity matrix;
* the rows of $T$ form a linearly independent set;
* the columns of $T$ form a basis for $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$;
* any map that $T$ represents is an isomorphism;
* an inverse matrix $T^{-1}$ exists.
So when we look at a particular square matrix, the question of whether it is nonsingular is one of the first things that we ask. This chapter develops a formula to determine this. (Since we will restrict the discussion to square matrices, in this chapter we will usually simply say "matrix" in place of "square matrix".)
More precisely, we will develop infinitely many formulas, one for $1\!\times \!1$ matrices, one for $2\!\times \!2$ matrices, etc. Of course, these formulas are related — that is, we will develop a family of formulas, a scheme that describes the formula for each size.
# Pinyin/Air strike

See also
# Pinyin/Airliner

See also
# Pinyin/Air pollution

Search Pinyin pollution
English
Air pollution affects the health of living things.
Pinyin
kongqih wuraan yiingxiaang shengwuh d jiahnkang.
English
Many of the world's large cities today have bad air quality.
Pinyin
jintian shihjieh heen duo dah cherngshih d kongqih heen chah.
English
Even 2,000 years ago, the Romans complained the bad air in their cities (At that time, the air was thick with smoke from fires and the smell of sewers.).
Pinyin
2,000 niarn qiarn d Roma-rern yee toursuh kongqih chah (Dangshir d kongqih chongmaan dahhuoo d heiyan her gouqur d chouhweih.).
English
Air pollution has been a danger to human health and other living things for a long time.
Pinyin
charngjiuu yiilair, kongqih wuraan weihaih rernleih her qirta shengwuh d jiahnkang.
# Semiconductors/LED
## LED: The low cost and low energy consuming lights

LED stands for Light emitting diode An LED is a device which converts electrical energy into Radiation energy .An LED is a special type pn junction diode .The p side of the diode is connected to +ve terminal and n side to -ve terminal so that the p-n junction is forward biased. Schematic of a typical LED is show in figure.

##### How LED works or science of LEDs

When the junction is forward biased then movement of majority charge cariers takes place; electron of the n side flows to p-side and holes of p-side flows to n-side and after this holes and electrons combine together to maintain equilibrium .During the combination of electrons and holes some energy is released in the form of em waves. These em waves are generally lights. When the intensity of current is increased then the intensity of light increases, but after some limit intensity of light starts decreasing hence the LED is biased such that the intensity of light is maximum .
This is the science behind LEDs which are found in nearly all electronics devices used.

##### Advantage of LEDs

(1)The efficiency of these lamps is greatest, because it requires a little bit of electricity.
(2)The bandwidth of the light of the LEDs is very low hence it emits light of
(3)The amount of the heat energy in LEDs are negligible hence it emits cool light .It also prevents our ecosystem because it has a very less effect on it
In all ways LEDs are eco friendly, low cost and energy efficient Lamps