# Development Cooperation Handbook/How do we manage the human resources of programmes and projects?/Improve employee performance

Steps and Tools
After reviewing the employee performance a fundamental step for Performance management is to providing feedback and to coaching employees to higher levels of performance so they achieve their potential. Besides written responses to written self evaluations (like monthly performance report), it is opportune to hold one-to-one meeting to discuss the ‘3 P’s’– progress, priorities and problems on the basis of the previously submitted reports.
Reactions to Performance Appraisals Some managers and employees are ambivalent about the performance appraisal interview and avoid providing negative feedback overtly. Managers uncomfortable with providing criticism sometimes provide it between heavy doses of positive feedback and make only vague comments. They also may bury in small talk or humor, communicating negative feedback obliquely. The discomfort felt by the evaluators manifests itself in avoidance behaviors that obscure the message and merely skims the surface of performance appraisal. When receiving negative feedback, subordinates may become defensive as they feel their self-esteem threatened. They may try blaming their deficient performance on others or on external factors. They may minimize the importance of the appraisal, question the validity of the evaluation or may too readily agree to the feedback while internally denying its accuracy. The solution to managing reactions is to train managers how to conduct constructive feedback sessions. In an effective interview, the employee perceives the appraisal as fair, the manager as sincere and the climate as constructive. Therefore, the employee is more likely to leave the interview informed about his or her performance and how to improve and determined to correct deficiencies. When providing feedback, managers should focus on the employee’s behaviors, not personality. Summarizing an employee’s performance by labeling him or her as “lazy,” for example, is not helpful and will lead to defensiveness. It is more beneficial to focus on what a person does rather than what that person seems to be. Exploring the cause of performance problems When supervisors detect poor performance, they need to explore the causes of the problems. Managers should accurately identify the causes of poor performance because the determination affects performance evaluations, can be a source of unspoken conflict and determines the appropriate solution. A supervisor will evaluate an employee differently if the supervisor realizes that poor performance in a specific instance resulted from the employee not having the proper resources versus not trying hard enough. Furthermore, tension can develop when employees and managers have significantly different perceptions of why goals were not met. Managers should consider ability, motivation and situational factors when determining why there have been performance deficiencies. All three factors influence an employee’s performance. Ability includes an employee’s talents and knowledge. And situational factors are organizational characteristics such as training, resources and information that can help or hinder performance.
Organizations not only should try to turn low performers into high performers, but they also should foster high-performance managers and employees. A relationship exists between employee development and project/programme success.
Managers can foster team excellence by helping employees build skills, assigning special projects and providing candid, insightful coaching and feedback.
Employees need assignments that stretch their abilities and challenge them to learn new skills. They also benefit from variety, whether it comes through a formal job-rotation program or special projects. In addition, direct supervisors should provide routine feedback and coaching about their strengths and weaknesses. Feedback empowers employees to take charge of their own development and informs them where they excel and how to improve.   Employees benefit from having mentors who nurture self-esteem, provide advice and encourage them. Few organizations recognize the powerful benefit of mentoring. Some organizations have formal, global mentoring programs that carefully match participants.   In addition to institutionalized mentoring, organizations can drive performance through training, promoting high performers quickly, strategically dispensing rewards and offering 360-degree feedback. Training in leadership development and managerial foundations enhance performance. Offering bonuses for individual and team achievement reward high-performing employees. Instituting 360-degree feedback provides input on a person’s strengths and development needs from peers, subordinates and supervisors.

## Tools
###### Templates

Applicant employee evaluation form Staff Activity Forecast and Report Interpersonal skill assessment Employee Performance Review – Peer Review
Performance appraisal forms

###### Guidelines

Key Questions for Establishing the Team Organization
How to reach an agreement on the Employee Performance Objectives
How to manage motivated and effective teams
How to recognize if Team Building is successful
How to check the level of togetherness in a team
Measures to make teams more performing
The 5 steps of team creation
Checklist for Identifying Performance Problems
Why do organisations need to plan and manage their communication?
How team members can improve overall project communication
Measures to make teams more performing
Required characteristics of the project manager
The 10 Project Management Guiding Principles

## See also

In other sections of this handbook
Managing the Human Resources of a project team
    Managing the recruitment and selection processes
    Manage the Team performance
    Review employee performance
    Recognize and Success and Reward Superior Performance
    Discipline Minimal Performers
The employee empowering organization Team Conflict Management
Decision Making in Groups
Leading and Managing
Team Conflict Management
Decision Making in Groups
Project Managers and programme Managers
Determining the project manager