OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carbon Programming/Getting started
## Requirements

To use Carbon, you will need to know the C programming language.

## Installation and usage

The Carbon framework can be used when you create a new project within XCode 2.5. XCode will auto-create the details and files within the project, as well as provide a basic event handler.
If you are using the command-line compiler, or are otherwise creating the application manually, the framework needs to be specified manually:
Files that need to access the Carbon library must have the following include statement within the file:
# Card Games

This book will become a general database of known card games.
Each card game should have a full set of rules to accompany it on its own article page.
The goal of this book is to generate the most comprehensive card game library ever created. As card games have little to no official rules and are very often regional this will require a lot of help from the community.
Card games listed here do not need to be "official" in any way. If you have a great card game that you can accurately recite the rules for, please by all means create a page and document it! The same goes for if you find that a game is not listed here, please either add a note in the discussion or create the page yourself. As many card games are simply regional variants of each other, you may find it easier to add a variation tab to already existing games.
Card games that use atypical decks such as CCGs, Hanafuda or chess cards are also welcome, just be sure to note if they do.

## Contents
### General

* Cards
* Game Types
* List of card games
* Glossary

### Popular Games

* Bridge
* Durak
* Euchre
* Go Fish
* Hearts
* Poker
* Rummy
* Solitaire

## Related Wikibooks

* Bridge
* Poker
* Solitaire card games

## Bibliography

Pagat
Wikipedia Card Game article
Karuta
Chinese Playing Cards
Fizzbin Rules Discussion
All-Five Rules Source
# Card Games/Agram

Agram, also known as Sink-Sink or FapFap is a trick taking game common in parts of Africa.
It's closely related to Spar. This game is played with a stripped deck containing 35 cards. All face cards and the ace of spades are removed.
2-7 Players

## How to Play

Chose a dealer.
The player to the right of the dealer cuts the deck, the cut half is placed at the bottom. The dealer than deals 6 cards to each player in sets of 3.
The next player leads with a card of their choosing.
The following player must then follow suit if possible, and so forth til everyone has played.
Once all players have played the winner is the person who played the highest card of the original suit.
The winner then leads with a card of their choosing. This continues til all hands are empty.
The winner is the person who wins the last trick, they deal next.

## Variations

Some variants deal only five cards to each player (2, then 3)
One variant uses a point system.
Four points for winning the last two tricks with threes, two points for winning the last trick with a three and one point for winning with my card higher than a three.
A different variant uses 31 cards instead of 35, stripping 2-6 and the ace of spades. Aces are high cards in this variant.
# Cryptids/Lock Ness Monster
## Introduction

The Lock Ness Monster is perhaps the most famous cryptid, as it was frequently mentioned in 20th century popular culture.

## Location

The Loch Ness Monster is purported to live in the freshwater lake Loch Ness, which is located in Scotland.

## Evidence

Despite a number of surveys, expeditions, and novel investigative methods, no scientific evidence of the Lock Ness Monster has ever been found, while earlier "evidence" of its existence has been found to be falsified.
# Cryptids/Loveland Frog

The Loveland Frog is an alleged cryptid said to be seen near Loveland, Ohio
# Cryptids/Printable version

The current, editable version of this book is available in Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection, at
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cryptids

# Introduction

Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience concerned with the study of Cryptids. Which are, creatures that the existence of is disagreed on. Usually appearing in myths, folklore, and urban legends. Their existence in most cases has not been confirmed by mainstream zoology, although some crossover does exist. Cryptozoology is a broad field of study, with entities ranging from terrestrial bipedal apes—such as Bigfoot and the Yeti—, to extraterrestrial Grey's. As well as documented extinct species like the thylacine, whose current existence is widely debated.
It's widely accepted that all if not all Cryptids studied will never be proven to exist, aside from Cryptids belonging to documented species. However, understanding the stories these creatures inhabit can give insight into the pop culture, folklore, and cryptozoology subculture they originate from. Which is why many online and on the field are passionate about documenting, and finding the Cryptids they love.

# Mothman

Moth Man is a alleged creature said to live in West Virginia, near the Ohio River. In particular, the city of Point Pleasent holds a festival in honor of the purported Moth Man every year.
Some consider the Moth Man to be a harbinger of ill omens, with some claiming sightings predate disasters.

# Flatwoods monster

The Flatwoods monster is a cryptid from West Virginia folklore.

# Bigfoot
## Introduction

A cryptid said to live in deep wooded areas.

## Geography
# Lock Ness Monster
## Introduction

The Lock Ness Monster is perhaps the most famous cryptid, as it was frequently mentioned in 20th century popular culture.

## Location

The Loch Ness Monster is purported to live in the freshwater lake Loch Ness, which is located in Scotland.

## Evidence

Despite a number of surveys, expeditions, and novel investigative methods, no scientific evidence of the Lock Ness Monster has ever been found, while earlier "evidence" of its existence has been found to be falsified.

# Loveland Frog

The Loveland Frog is an alleged cryptid said to be seen near Loveland, Ohio

# Dover Demon

The Dover Demon is a humanoid reported from Dover, Massachusetts. Some say that it looks like a grey alien, or that is has glowing eyes.
# Cryptids/Dover Demon

The Dover Demon is a humanoid reported from Dover, Massachusetts. Some say that it looks like a grey alien, or that is has glowing eyes.
# Cryptids/Flatwoods monster

The Flatwoods monster is a cryptid from West Virginia folklore.
# Cryptids/Introduction

Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience concerned with the study of Cryptids. Which are, creatures that the existence of is disagreed on. Usually appearing in myths, folklore, and urban legends. Their existence in most cases has not been confirmed by mainstream zoology, although some crossover does exist. Cryptozoology is a broad field of study, with entities ranging from terrestrial bipedal apes—such as Bigfoot and the Yeti—, to extraterrestrial Grey's. As well as documented extinct species like the thylacine, whose current existence is widely debated.
It's widely accepted that all if not all Cryptids studied will never be proven to exist, aside from Cryptids belonging to documented species. However, understanding the stories these creatures inhabit can give insight into the pop culture, folklore, and cryptozoology subculture they originate from. Which is why many online and on the field are passionate about documenting, and finding the Cryptids they love.
# Cryptids/Bigfoot
## Introduction

A cryptid said to live in deep wooded areas.
# Cryptography/AES

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also called Rijndael, is a symmetric block-cipher with fixed 128-bit blocks and keysizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits. This algorithm is currently used by the U.S government for both classified and non-classified information, and has already phased out DES on all but legacy machines (triple DES is still authorized for government use, however). There were five finalists in the bid for the Advanced Encryption Standard, and the NSA analyzed all five and decreed them acceptable for encrypting non-classified government documents, but Rijndael was eventually chosen for unspecified reasons, and later authorized for use on classified documents.
If you need to encrypt data, using 256-bit AES keys in counter mode (CTR), and then appending a HMAC, is recommended by many security researchers. This construction avoids many flaws in earlier systems: The AES standard uses a 128 bit block size, rather than the 64 bit block size which was suspected to be inadequate by the time of NIST's 1997 announcement of the AES contest. Keys that are 64 bits or less are suspected to be inadequate. Almost all side channel attacks require chosen inputs, which (which modes?) modes are in theory exposed to, and the ECB mode is even worse. CBC, CTR, EAX, and GCM are all considered strong modes as long as one authenticates the message before decrypting.

## Further reading

* Jeff Moser. "A Stick Figure Guide to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)". 2009.
This page or section of the Cryptography book is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by expanding it.
* ↑ Colin Percival. "Cryptographic Right Answers".
* ↑ Jeffrey Goldberg. "Guess why we’re moving to 256-bit AES keys".
* ↑ Bruce Schneier. "Another New AES Attack". quote: "AES-128 provides more than enough security margin for the forseeable future. But if you're already using AES-256, there's no reason to change."
* ↑ "Which is the Best Cipher Mode and Padding Mode for AES Encryption?".
# Cryptids/Mothman

Moth Man is a alleged creature said to live in West Virginia, near the Ohio River. In particular, the city of Point Pleasent holds a festival in honor of the purported Moth Man every year.
Some consider the Moth Man to be a harbinger of ill omens, with some claiming sightings predate disasters.
# Cascading Style Sheets/Sprites

Use background-position:0 -## where ## is equal to the y-coordinate of the first pixel of the desired area to reposition sprites
Use the background-position property to change the hover state of links with background images using CSS sprites
Use background-image instead of the background shorthand when using ID selectors to avoid inadvertently overriding class-based background-position changes for CSS sprites
Use the clip property on image tags to do foreground spriting
Make sure class selectors aren't inadvertently overridden by default values of ID selectors, especially background-position changes for sprites, by dividing the properties of ID selectors using longhand notation

## References

Extending CSS Spriting
CSS Sprites are Stupid
# Cascading Style Sheets/To Do
## To do

* In all examples of CSS code, replace all <pre> with <syntaxhighlight lang="CSS">. --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:54, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
** I think I got them all. Fench (discuss • contribs) 23:33, 7 October 2015 (UTC)
* In alphabetical index, link to individual sections of pages using "#", instead of only to the top of the page. --Dan Polansky (talk) 10:22, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
** Done. Fench (discuss • contribs) 22:14, 7 October 2015 (UTC)
* Add a section or chapter on various CSS versions or levels such as CSS1, CSS2, CSS2.1 and CSS3, including the overview of major changes, years of introduction and browser support. See also W:Css#Variations. Carefully pick from among the terms "version", "level", "variation" or "variant". --Dan Polansky (talk) 10:04, 20 April 2009 (UTC)
* Some pages definitely need to be wikified/formatted to be more readable. Fench (discuss • contribs) 23:33, 7 October 2015 (UTC)
# Cascading Style Sheets/Shorthand Properties
## Class and ID Selectors

Use shorthand syntax for classes and longhand syntax for IDs to avoid setting unnecessary defaults and simplify debugging of dynamic class changes through scripting or property changes through pseudo-classes

## Background Property Shorthand

When using shorthand to set all background properties in one declaration, use the following order for consistency and compatibility across browsers:
* background-color
* background-image
* background-repeat
* background-attachment
* horizontal position
* vertical position
Use background-image instead of the background shorthand when using ID selectors to avoid inadvertently overriding class-based background-position changes for CSS sprites

## List-Style Shorthand

Use list-style shorthand instead of list-style-type for IE6 to avoid the declaration being ignored by the CSS parser
# Cascading Style Sheets/Standards Mode and Quirks Mode

Use the HTML 4.01 Transitional doctype without a URL to force quirks mode on all browsers
Use the HTML 4.01 Strict doctype to force strict on all browser except IE6 and IE7, which use almost standards mode
In the W3C box model, element width excludes padding and borders
In the IE quirks mode box model, element width includes padding and borders, giving extra spacing between containers, but IE6 and later use the W3C box model when in standards compliant mode
Design markup so that fixed width elements that need padding or borders have width set on the container, and borders and padding set on the content element to avoid issues in IE quirks mode with the border box model

## References

CSS Differences between Strict and Quirks Mode
Overview of Quirks Mode
# Table of Contents

Original TOC

## Front Matter

* Book Abstract
* Cover Page
* Table of Contents
* Dedication
* How to Turn the Page

## Introduction

* About CSS
* Applying CSS to HTML and XHTML
* Applying CSS to XML

## CSS Construction

* Syntax
* Defining Style Rules
* Lengths and Units
* Selectors
* Inheritance Rules
* The Important Keyword

## CSS Presentation

* Color
* Fonts and Text
* Hyperlinks
* Pseudo Elements and Pseudo Classes
* Clipping
* Lists
* Box Model
* Borders
* Background
* Shorthand Properties
* Cursor
* Gradients
* Sprites

## CSS Layout

* Centering
* Positioning
* Tables
* Floating Elements
* Typography
* Media Types
* Multi-Column Layout
* z-index

## CSS URI Schemes

* MHTML URIs
* Data URIs

## CSS Applications

* CSS Menus
* Breadcrumbs
* User Style Sheets

## Troubleshooting

* Standards Mode and Quirks Mode
* Browser Compatibility
* CSS Source Order

## Appendices

* Hacks and Filters
* Browser Extensions
* Links
* Index of Properties
* Index
* Glossary
* Detailed TOC
* Contributors
* To Do

## Back Matter

* Glossary
The starting Wiki code for this page was generated by the Wikipage wizard using this book config on Wednesday, June 27, 2012.
# Cascading Style Sheets/Syntax

Cascading Style Sheets are most often linked to a web page so that they can be used in an entire site. Because of this they are an independent file and have their own construction.
A stylesheet should begin with a declaration.
After this declaration each CSS rule is independent and made of three parts: a selector, a property and an argument (i.e. a value):
Example:
What this breaks down to here is this:
Each selector can have as many properties as you would like. The properties and values are enclosed in { } tags.

## Rules

CSS rules are preceded by the @ symbol and are often the start of blocks of code. Rules take at least 1 argument. Some examples of rules are @charset, for defining the document character set; @media, for setting properties for a type of media, often all, screen and print; and @font for setting up a web font.

## Selectors

Selectors are where most of the power in CSS lies. Selectors allow the author to specifically target an element to apply any given property to. Many different selector types can be combined for the precision application of styles.

### Elements

Elements that are specified in CSS definitions (abbreviated E, F, etc.) correspond to the (X)HTML or XML elements in the document. In HTML or XHTML, common elements include p, span, and div. In XML, the element names will vary with the type of document to be displayed.

### Class

Class is the most basic of the selectors. The class operator is a "." and the syntax is E.classname.

### ID

ID specifies a unique element in the document and in (X)HTML it is also the fragment identifier. The ID operator is a "#" and the syntax is E#IDname.

### Attribute

Attribute selection is a newer feature in CSS that allows selection based on any attribute of the element. The syntax is E[Attribute="value"]. Attribute supports several different matching operators, including =, !=, ~=, ^= and $=.

### Pseudo-class

Pseudo-classes are special classes based on the state of an element and uses the : operator. The syntax is E:pseudo-class. Commonly used pseudo-classes include :hover, :link and :visited...

## Blocks

Blocks of code are everywhere in CSS. A block is started with { and closed with }. Blocks are used to group CSS statements into logical groups based on the author's needs. Blocks are most commonly used by Rules and to group properties to a selector.

## Properties

Properties are the meat of CSS. The syntax is quite simple, property: argument(s);. Properties are always after a selector and always inside a block. A property must be ended with a ; to close it.
# Cascading Style Sheets/Tables
## Displaying Tables

W3C Specification CSS2.1
The display property is extended with the following values by CSS2.1:
* table
* inline-table
* table-row-group
* table-header-group
* table-footer-group
* table-row
* table-column-group
* table-column
* table-cell
* table-caption
Adjacent borders of cells can be made one border thin using the border-collapse property, like "border-collapse:collapse;".
The spacing between the borders of cells can be set using the border-spacing property, since CSS2. The setting of the property has no effect if borders have been made look one border thin using "border-collapse:collapse;".
# Exercise as it relates to Disease/Effects of exercise in breast cancer patients

This page is a critique of an article called ‘A Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Survivors’ by Rogers LQ, Hopkins-Price P, Vicari S et al.

## What is the background to this research?

For women, breast cancer is the most common cancer and it is also the second most common cancer in the world. For cancer patients, it’s very important to have a healthy life style as improves health and quality of life. Doing physical activity can help with reducing the risk of getting cancer but also might be able to reduce the risk of dying from cancer. This research focused more on how physical activity behaviour programs affect breast cancer survivors that are doing hormonal therapy on their health.

## Where is the research from?

This research article was published in the Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise journal in 2009. 41 women that were diagnosed with breast cancer and were taking hormonal therapy were recruited from advertisements or referred from a physician.

## What kind of research was this?

This research was a randomised controlled trial that was conducted on 41 women with breast cancer. What did the research involve? Participants were recruited from newspaper and flyer advertisement or referred from a physician. This study was looking for breast cancer survivors that were between the ages of 18-70 years old that spoke English. The requirements were that the participants had to already be taking hormonal therapy and would have to continue for the duration of the study (8 months). Participants were either assigned to a 12-week physical activity behaviour intervention or usual care group.

## References

1.Rogers, LQ. et al [2009)'A Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity in breast Cancer Survivors'. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 41(4):935-946</ref> 2. World Cancer Research Fund. (2018). Breast cancer statistics. [online]
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rogers, LQ. et al [2009)'A Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity in breast Cancer Survivors'. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 41(4):935-946
* 1 2 Demark-Wahnefried W, Aziz NM, Rowland JH, Pinto BM. Riding the crest of the teachable moment: promoting long-term health after the diagnosis of cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(24):5814-30.
# Exercise as it relates to Disease/Effects of exercise on anxiety

The Effects of exercise on Anxiety
# Data Structures/Tree Axioms

An axiomatic development of trees is very important for their systematic study.
There are two fundamental definitions of trees in use: a set-theoretic one and a graph-theoretic one. They are not equivalent. The graph-theoretic definition calls trees "graphs without cycles" or "graphs with unique paths between vertices". In set theory, a tree is just a set with a partial order such that there is always a "least element"; you can conceive a tree in this definition which does not fit the graph theoretic definition.
In what follows, I take the middle road. I define trees constructively, but in the same abstract way as defines almost every inductive set in algebra. By eschewing to view trees as subsets of graph I am, of course, neglecting some very important conclusions about the relationship of trees to other kinds of graphs; but the narrow definition as it is presented here maintains focus on the fundamental properties of trees. To compensate, a short section at the beginning introduces the graph-theoretic definition of the trees we will be studying.

## Trees as graphs

The kinds of trees described below are directed graphs. They are rooted: that is, there is an element from which all elements eventually stem and to which no elements go. (The general definition of a graph-theoretic tree applies also, viz., a tree is a graph with no cycles).
# Data Structures/Singly Linked Lists

Singly Linked Lists are a type of data structure. A linked list provides an alternative to an array-based structure.
A linked list, in its simplest form, in a collection of nodes that collectively form linear sequence.
In a singly linked list, each node stores a reference to an object that is an element of the sequence, as well as a reference to the next node of the list. It does not store any pointer or reference to the previous node.
To store a single linked list, only the reference or pointer to the first node in that list must be stored. The last node in a single linked list points to nothing.
See also Linked Lists.
# Dichotomous Key/Reptilia

Dichotomous Key: Reptilia :
* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Animalia
* Subphylum: Chordata
* Class: Reptilia
Information related to Reptilia :
* Wikipedia
* Wikispecies
* Wikicommons
* Parent key: Chordata
* Subphyla
* Vertebrata
* Key: Reptilia
* Vertebrata
* Clerck, 1757
* Chordata keys
* Subphyla
* Myxini | Urochordata
* Classes
* Actinistia | Actinopterygii | Amphibia | Aves | Chondrichthyes | Dipnoi | Mammalia | Petromyzontida | Reptilia

## 1

* Upper and a lower lateral temporal fenestra
** Both present - #3
** Not present - #2

## 2

* Ribs adapted into hard shells
** Present - Testudines
** Not present - Tuatara

## 3

* Cloacal opening
** Longitudinal slit Crocodylia
** Transverse slit - #4

## 4

* Jaw disarticulation
** Present - Serpentes
** Not present - Sauria
# Dichotomous Key/Proboscidea

* Parent key: Mammalia
* Subclasses
* Marsupialia - Monotremata - Placentalia
* Key: Mammalia
* Orders
* Afrosoricida - Artiodactyla - Carnivora - Cetacea - Chiroptera - Dermoptera - Insectivora - Lagomorpha - Macroselidae - Marsupialia - Monotremata - Perissodactyla - Pholidota - Primates - Proboscidea - Rodentia - Scandentia - Sirenia - Xenarthra

## 1

* Fingers at tip of trunk
** One - 2
** Two - Asian Elephant, Elephas maximus

## 2: Loxodonta

* Ear shape
** Rounded - African savannah elephant, Loxodonta africana
** Pointed - African forest elephant, Loxodonta cyclotis
# Dichotomous Key/Protista

The most ancient eukaryotic kingdom, protists include a variety of eukaryotic body (single-celled-colonial-multicellular?) and nutritional heterotrophic, autotrophic, and both) forms. Perhaps they are best defined as eukaryotes that are NOT fungi, animals, or plants.