# Goals

* Introduce language used at holidays and gatherings
* Begin Present Tense
* Advance production for simple present tense phrases.
Introduction
For this unit, we will focus on the theme of holidays and celebrations.
To begin practicing, read the following three sentences, and try to identify their corresponding
English phrase. Try to find matching translations!
Warm Up Activity
Español
Inglés
A La casa es pequeña.
1 The boy celebrates.
B Las amigas preparar la cena.
2The house is small.
C El niño celebra.
3The friends prepare the dinner. :
Part 1: Articles and Nouns
In Part 1 we will discuss articles and nouns, as they relate to holidays and celebrations.
Before we move into more complicated grammar components, starting off with a general
understanding of how masculine and feminine structures work in Spanish will give a great basis.
Part 1: Lesson
Add more information here about what this section covers Articles in Spanish are classified in two sets of categories.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
Article Description Feminine:
Number
Spanish
English
Example
Singular
La
The
La casa es roja.
Singular
Una
A
Tengo una amiga.
Plural
Las
The
Las niñas juegan.
Plural
Unas * (slang for some)
A (plural) * Some*
Unas casas son rojas, otras son verdes.
Article Description Masculine:
Number
Spanish
English
Example
Singular
El
The
El apartamento es grande.
Singular
Un
A
Tengo un amigo.
Plural
Los
The
Los niños hablan.
Plural
Unos
A *(slang for some)
Unos apartamentos son grandes, otros pequeños.
These are nouns that relate to our topic of Family Traditions. Here, we include words that relate to parties, holidays and events, as well as different types of celebrations.
General Vocabulary
Español
Inglés
comida
food
familia
family
amigo
friend
cena
dinner
casa
house
apartamento
apartment
hogar
home
restaurante
restaurant
fiesta
party
Holiday Types
Español
Inglés
Navidad
Christmas
Kwanzaa
Kwanzaa
Hanukkah
Hanukkah
Día de los Muertos
Day of the Dead
Solsticio de Invierno
Winter Solstice
Diwali (Festival de las luces)
Diwali (Festival of lights)
Pascua
Easter
Año Nuevo
New Years
Día de Independencia
Independence Day
Student Activity Check Point Part 1
Teacher Activity Guide Part 1 :
Part 2: Subject Pronouns and Infinitive Verbs
In Part 2, we will gain familiarity with subject pronouns.
In this section, we will gain a solid familiarity of pronouns and infinitive verbs separately
before we combine these ideas to begin work on creating short sentences.
Part 2: Lesson
Subject Pronouns
Classes of gender and number also exist within subject pronouns.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
In Spanish, it is common for subject pronouns to be omitted, as they are incorporated as part of a verb conjugation.
We will begin verb conjugations next.
Persona
Person
Español
Inglés
Yo
I
Tú
You
Él
He
Ella
She
Nosotros
We
Ellos
They
Ellas
They (females)
Infinitive Verbs: Family Tradition
There are three broad categories of verb-types in Spanish:
Verbs that end in ...
-AR*
-ER*
-IR*
Infinitive Verb List
Regular Verbs
Español
Inglés
preparar
to prepare
invitar
to invite
cocinar
to cook
viajar
to travel
celebrar
to celebrate
decorar
to decorate
deber
should
comer
to eat
vivir
to live
escribir
to write
leer
to read
Irregular Verbs
Español
Inglés
ir
to go
venir
to come
tener
to have
salir
to go out / to leave
querer
to want
ser
to be (permanent)
estar
to be (temporary)
Student Check Point Part 2
Teacher Activity Guide Part 2 :
Part 3: Verb Conjugations
In this section we will learn about how subject pronouns are associated with particular verb endings in Spanish
Here, we will begin making short phrases by combining subjects and verbs in a single word.
Part 3: Lesson
The general formula for creating verb conjugations is to replace the infinitive verb ending (-ar/-er/-ir) with the appropriate ending of the subject.
Although there are three verb-ending categories, -er and -ir verbs tend to share most of the conjugation endings.
Conjugated Verbs:Present Tense
Subject - Verb Ending Conjugations
In Spanish, verbs are conjugated depending on the subject they are associated with, as well as the tense.
For now, we will focus on Present Simple Tense
Each subject pronoun is associated with a particular verb-ending type.
Persona
Verb ends in:
Español
Inglés
Yo : I
-o
Tú : You
-as / -es
Él : He
-a / -e
Ella: She
-a / -e
Nosotros: We
-amos / -emos
Ellos / Ellas: They
-an / -en
Regular Verbs table
Regular Verbs: Present Tense
These tables show how verbs change based on the subject pronouns used in the sentence. The ending of the verb is typically dropped, and the corresponding subject pronoun ending is added.
-Ar Verbs Table
-AR Verbs
Subject Pronoun
Verb Ending
Infinitive Verb
Conjugated Verb
Example - Spanish
Example - Translation
Yo
-o
celebrar
celebro
Yo celebro a la fiesta.
I celebrate at the party.
Tú
-as
invitar
invitas
Tú invitas a tú amigo.
You invite your friend.
Él
-a
preparar
prepara
Él prepara la comida.
He prepares the food.
Ella
-a
cocinar
cocina
Ella cocina la cena.
She cooks the dinner.
Nosotros
-amos
viajar
viajamos
Viajamos a Florida cada Navidad.
We travel to Florida every Christmas.
Ellos / Ellas
-an
decorar
decoran
Ellos no decoran el árbol.
They don't decorate the tree.
ER/IR Verbs Table
-ER / -IR Verbs
Subject Pronoun
Verb Ending
Infinitive Verb
Conjugated Verb
Example - Spanish
Example - Translation
Yo
-o
comer
como
Yo como la cena.
I eat the dinner.
Tú
-es
escribir
escribes
Tú escribes una carta.
You write a card.
Él
-e
leer
lee
Él lee la carta.
He reads the card.
Ella
-e
vivir
vive
Ella vive en Nueva York.
She lives in New York.
Nosotros
-imos / -emos
comer
comemos
Comemos juntos a la fiesta del Día de Independenia.
We eat together at the Independence Day party.
Nosotros
-imos / -emos
vivir
vivimos
Nostoros vivimos en Mexico.
We live in Mexico.
Ellos
-en
deber
deben
Ellos deben cocinar.
They should cook.
Student Check Point Part 3
Teacher Activity Guide Part 3 :