OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeep Liberty/Lockers

A locker works by locking the two side gears of the differential to the carrier. In a manual selectable locker the two wheels are in 100% lock until the locker is disengaged. In an automatic locker the two wheels are always locked together until one needs to spin faster than the other, as is the case when cornering. Automatic lockers work in the reverse of limited slips in that they're normally locked and only unlock during turns, rather than being normally unlocked and only resisting wheel speed difference during slip. A locker is better than a limited slip because it will give the driver 100% lock and won't give out when a large amount of slip is encountered.

## Front Dana 30a

* ARB Air Locker
* Aussie Locker

## Rear Chrysler 8.25"

* ARB Air Locker
* PowerTrax No-Slip
* Detroit Locker

## See also

* Locking Differential

## External Links

* ARB 4x4 Accessories
* Eaton - Detroit Locker
* Richmond Gear - Powertrax
* Torq Masters Technology - Aussie Locker
# Jeep Liberty/Suspension
## General

The front suspension of the Jeep Liberty is an a-arm/wishbone IFS. The rear is a live tri-link trailing arm solid axle. Both the front and rear suspensions use coil springs.
* Shocks & Struts

### Pre-Lowered vs. Lowered

On April 12, 2002, DaimlerChrysler lowered the ride height of the Jeep Liberty suspension by 22mm (7/8") in the front and 19mm (3/4") in the rear. This change was made to improve road handling and perceived safety concerns. Many speculate that this is in response to the Autoweek Magazine Slalom test in which a Liberty rolled. Libertys built prior to April 2, 2002 are considered "pre-lowered", because they were made previous to the time when DaimlerChrysler lowered the Liberty. Libertys built after April 2, 2002 is considered "lowered", because they have a lower ride height than the pre-lowered. While a spacer lift will maintain the difference between lowered and pre-lowered, a spring replacement lift will render whether the Jeep was lowered or pre-lowered from the factory irrelevant.

## Lift Kits
### OTT

OTT stands for "Over the Top" which means instead of placing the spacer underneath the coil/strut assembly it is placed on top of the assembly.
There are three OTT lifts on the aftermarket for the Jeep Liberty:
* Rocky's 2-1/8" Combo Lift
* Rocky's 2.5" Budget Lift
* Rusty's 2.5" Spacer Lift
While no spacer lift will give you a superior ride over a full coil lift, each of the spacer lifts listed above has its own pros and cons. Rocky's budget lift has known problems, but their combo lift is of much higher quality. Rocky's combo lift is not a full OTT lift. It combines the spacer lift and the OTT lift to give you the full 2-1/8" in the front. In the rear it's a straight spacer lift. Rusty's OTT lift is similar to Rocky's budget lift, but is known to have fewer problems. The front is a full OTT lift and the rear a spacer lift. Rusty's OTT lift will give you a total of 2.5 inches of lift. None of the Daystar lifts are OTT. Daystar's lift product is superior to both Rusty and Rocky's spacer lifts. Go cougars!

### Spacer Lifts

* Daystar
* Rocky Road Outfitters
* Rusty's Offroad
* Skyjacker
Saying that daystar is far superior to ott lifts is a very opinionated statement. daystar put extra undue stress on the already weak stock coils.

### Full Coil Spring Lifts

* BDS
* Frankenlift
* Rocky Road Outfitters
* Rusty's Offroad
* Skyjacker
* Old Man Emu
* Ironman

### Other Lifts

* Clevis Lift
* Spring Isolator Lift
# Leonese/Numbers 1-10

| Number | Asturian |
| 0 | cero |
| 1 | un or unu, una |
| 2 | dos |
| 3 | tres |
| 4 | cuatro |
| 5 | cinco |
| 6 | seis or seyes |
| 7 | siete |
| 8 | ocho |
| 9 | nueve |
| 10 | diez |
# Leonese/Phonology

| Asturian | Alfabet | Example |
| ll | English million | llobu |
| ñ | ñ of Spanish or gn of French [ɲ] | ñeve |
| x | śnieg of Polish | xunta |
# Leonese/Verbs

Like other Romance languages, Leonese verbs have an intricate conjugation. Those are inflected for tenses (present, preterite imperfect, indefinite, future, conditional, pluperfect), moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), persons (first, second, third), numbers (singular, plural), and non-finite forms (infinitive, past participle, gerund). However, some of the endings give an impression similar to Italian, as the infinitive endings -are, -ere, and -ire as opposed to Spanish -ar, -er, and -ir.

## Regular verbs
### First conjugation

First conjugation is used for verbs with the infinitive ends in -are. The prototypical verb below is exemplified by falare "to speak".
| | Indicative | Indicative | Indicative | Indicative | Indicative | Indicative | Subjunctive | Subjunctive | Imperative |
| | Present | Preterite imperfect | Indefinite | Pluperfect | Future | Conditional | Present | Preterite imperfect | Imperative |
| I yo | falu | falaba | faléi | falara | falaréi | falaría | fale | falara | N/A |
| you (sg.) tú | falas | falabas | falesti | falaras | falarás | falarías | fales | falaras | fala! |
| he/she él/ella | fala | falaba | falóu | falara | falará | falaría | fale | falara | N/A |
| we nós | falamos | falábamos | falemos | faláramos | falaremos | falaríamos | falemos | faláramos | N/A |
| you (pl.) vós | falades faláis | falábades falabais | falestis | falárades falarais | falaredes falaréis | falaríades falaríais | faledes faléis | falárades falarais | falai! |
| they ellos/elles | falan | falaban | falonun | falaran | falarán | falarían | falen | falaran | N/A |

## Irregular verbs
### Sere "to be (permanently)"

Present tense :
| I am | (yo) sou |
| you are | (tú) yes |
| he/she is | (él/ella) ye |
| we are | (nós) somos |
| you (pl.) are | (vós) sois, sodes |
| they are | (ellos/elles) son |

### Tare "to be (temporary)"

Present tense :
| I am | (yo) tou |
| you are | (tu) tas |
| he/she is | (él/ella) tá |
| we are | (nós) tamos |
| you (pl.) are | (vós) tades, tais |
| they are | (ellos/elles) tán |
# Leonese/Vocabulary/Family

| English | Asturian |
| Father | Padre |
| Mother | Madre |
| Son | Fíu |
| Daughter | Fía |
| Grandfather | Güelu |
| Grandmother | Güela |
| Uncle | Tíu |
| Aunt | Tía |
| Cousin | Primu(a) |
| Husband | Home |
| Wife | Muyer |
| Father-in-law | Suegru |
| Mother-in-law | Suegra |
| Son-in-law | Xenru |
| Daughter-in-law | Nuera |
| Brother | Hermanu |
| Sister | Hermana |
| Grandson | Nietu |
| Granddaughter | Nieta |
| Nephew | Sobrín |
| Niece | Sobrina |
| Brother-in-law | Cuñáu |
| Sister-in-law | Cuñada |
# Leonese/Personal Pronouns
## Grammar: Los pronomes personales (The personal pronouns)

| | | 1st singular | 1st singular | 2nd singular | 2nd singular | 3rd singular | 3rd singular | 1st plural | 1st plural | 2nd plural | 2nd plural | 3rd plural | 3rd plural |
| Asturian | Asturian | yo | yo | tu | tu | él, ella | él, ella | nós | nós | vós | vós | ellos, elles | ellos, elles |
| English | English | I | I | you | you | he, she | he, she | we | we | you | you | they | they |
# Leonese/Vocabulary/Days of the Week

| English | Asturian |
| Monday | Llunes |
| Tuesday | Martes |
| Wednesday | Miércoles |
| Thursday | Xueves |
| Friday | Vienres |
| Saturday | Sábadu |
| Sunday | Domingu |
# Leonese/Vocabulary/Months

| English | Asturian |
| January | Xineru |
| February | Febreru |
| March | Marzu |
| April | Abril |
| May | Mayu |
| June | Xunu |
| July | Xunetu |
| August | Agostu |
| September | Setiembre |
| October | Ochobre |
| November | Payares |
| December | Avientu |
# Leonese/Months and Seasons

The Months of the Year
Xineru: January Febreru: February Marzu: March Abril: April Mayu: May Xunu: June Xunetu: July Agostu: August Setiembre: September Ochobre: October Payares: November Avientu: December
# Leonese/Pronouns

| English | Leonese |
| I | yo |
| you | tu |
| he/she | él/eilla |
| we | nosoutros/as |
| you (plural) | vosoutros/as |
| they | eillos/eillas |
# Leonese/Vocabulary/Months, Seasons & Days of the Week

| English | Asturian |
| January | Xineru |
| February | Febreru |
| March | Marzu |
| April | Abril |
| May | Mayu |
| June | Xunu |
| July | Xunetu |
| August | Agostu |
| September | Setiembre |
| October | Ochobre |
| November | Payares |
| December | Avientu |
# Horticulture/Aphis fabae

Bean Aphid :
| Type: | Insect |
| Binomial: | Aphis fabae |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Metamorphosis: | Simple |
| Damaging stages: | Nymph through adult |
| Diseases vectored: | Viruses |
The Bean Aphid is most notable as an agricultural pest of beans, but also feeds on a wide variety of garden plants, both woody and herbaceous.

## Description

Dark-colored aphids.Black or dark green in colour. Legs and antennae are yellow in colour. Bulbous abdomen and cornicles on the abdomen.

## Symptoms and Signs

Leaf-curling, sooty mold.

## Host plants

* Beta
* Capsella
* Chamomilla
* Chenopodium
* Cirsium
* Dahlia
* Daucus
* Dianthus (Carnation)
* Euonymus
* Galium
* Hedera
* Lactuca (Lettuce)
* Nicotiana
* Papaver (Poppy)
* Phaseolus
* Philadelphus
* Rheum (Rhubarb)
* Rumex
* Solanum
* Viburnum
* Vigna
* Zinnia

## References

* HYPP Zoology
# Horticulture/Aquilegia

Columbines :
| Genus: | Aquilegia |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Type: | Herbaceous perennials |
| Weediness: | Self seed freely |
| Pollination: | Insects |
Aquilegia (columbine) is a genus of about 60-70 species of herbaceous perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere. They are known for their distinctive flowers, generally bell-shaped, with each petal modified into an elongated nectar spur.
Several species are grown in gardens; Aquilegia vulgaris (European Columbine) is a traditional garden flower in the British Isles, and several of the species that are native to North America are popular garden plants there. Numerous hybrids have also been developed as well. Easy to propagate from seed.
The traditional colors of lavender/blue columbines are the official Colorado state flower.

## Growing Conditions

Full sun to part shade in fertile, well-drained soils.

## Uses

Often used as "filler" plants between later blooming perennials.

## Maintenance

Monitor carefully for sawflies. Remove any leaves with leafminer tunnels as soon as they are apparent.

## Propagation

Seed or division

## Harvest

Flowers are best cut in the morning, and keep well in a cool location.
Seed pods can be used in dry arrangements, either dried on the plant or hung green.

## Pests and Diseases

Leaf Spots
* Ascochyta aquilegiae
* Cersospora aquilegiae
* Septoria aquilegiae
Crown Rots
* Pellicularia rolfsii
* Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Root Rots
* Pellicularia filamentosa
* Phymatotrichum omnivorum
* Pythium mamillatum
Rusts
* Puccinia redondita var. agropyri
Viri
* Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
Aphids
* Melon Aphid: Aphis gossypii
* Aphid: Aphis spireaecola
* Crescentmarked Lily Aphid: Neomyzus circumflexus
* Aphid: Pergandeidia trirhoda
Whiteflies
* Bandedwinged Whitefly: Trialeurodes abutilonea
Flies
* Columbine Leafminer: Phytomyza aquilegivora
Caterpillars
* Columbine Skipper: Erynnis lucilius
* Columbine Borer: Papaipema purpurifascia
* w:Cabbage Moth
* w:Dot Moth
* w:Engrailed
* w:Mouse Moth
Sawflies
* Columbine Sawfly: Pristophora aquilegae
Mites
* Twospotted Spider Mite: Tetranychus urticae

## References

* Flora Europaea: Aquilegia
* USDA PLant Profile: Aquilegia
* Flora of China: Aquilegia (see also links to related floras therein)
* Christopher Brickell and Judith D. Zuk (1997). The American Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. DK Publishing. pp. 127–128.
* Pirone, Pascal P. (1978). Diseases & Pests of Ornamental Plants (Fifth Edition ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 139–140. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
* Cranshaw, Whitney (2004). Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs. Princeton University Press. p. 580.
* Pippa Greenwood, Andrew Halstead, A.R. Chase, Daniel Gilrein (2000). American Horticultural Society Pests & Diseases: The Complete Guide to Preventing, Identifying, and Treating Plant Problems (First Edition ed.). Dorling Kindersley (DK) Publishing, inc. p. 198. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
# Horticulture/Artemisia vulgaris

Mugwort :
| Binomial: | Artemisia vulgaris |
| Type: | Perennial |
| Conditions: | Sun to light shade, prefers nitrogen-rich soils |
| Vegetative Spread: | Long-running rhizomes |
Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) is a species in the family Asteraceae. It is one of several species in the genus Artemisia/ known as mugwort, and is also occasionally known as Felon Herb, St. John's Plant, Chrysanthemum Weed, and Wild Wormwood. It is native to temperate Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is also present in North America as an invasive weed. It is a very common plant on nitrogenous soils such as waste places and roadsides.

## Description

It is a tall herbaceous perennial plant growing 1–2 m (rarely 2.5 m) tall, with a woody root. The leaves are 5–20 cm long, dark green, pinnate, with dense white tomentose hairs on the underside. The erect stem often has a red-purplish tinge.
The rather small flowers (5 mm long) are radially symmetrical with many yellow or dark red petals. The narrow and numerous capitula (flower heads) spread out in racemose panicles. It flowers from July to September.

## Similar species

A. vulgaris is often confused with the Chinese mugwort (A. verlotiorum), which is very common too. The latter has oblonge reddish to brown capitula, its stems are green and the leaves broader, lighter coloured and more dense on the stem. The plant's scent is both stronger and more pleasant than that of the common mugwort. It flowers very late in the summer, but reproduces mainly by stolons, thus forming thick groups. The two species share the same habitats.
Mugwort is also sometimes confused with the ragweeds. In the garden, the foliage can look similar to that of hardy mums (Dendranthema spp.), but can be distinguished easily by the light-colored undersides of the leaves, as opposed to the green undersides of chrysanthemum leaves.

## Uses

Mugwort has both culinary and herbal uses. See the Wikipedia article on Artemisia vulgaris for details.

## Control

This plant is very aggressive in the garden, and can be very difficult to eradicate once established.
* Mowing: Regular mowing is a good control, so long as other plants (such as lawn grasses) are mixed in to compete.
* Pulling: Effective only if done consistently over a long period of time. When pulling, one should take the time to chase down the rhizomes (which are white), as they often spread well beyond the above-ground part of the plant, and will sprout if separated off from the crown.
* Barriers: Can be effective, using paper mulch barriers, however cloth barriers will not block this plant, and in fact may offer the rootstock some protection against normal cultivation methods.
* Disposal: Mugwort should never be added to cold compost piles.
# Horticulture/Aphis gossypii

Cotton or Melon Aphid :
| Binomial: | Aphis gossypii |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Metamorphosis: | Simple |
Aphis gossypii is a major pest of cotton and other crops, and a common pest of gardens.

## Host plants

Host plants include those of the following genera (as well as many others):
* Aquilegia (Columbine)
* Asclepias
* Bougainvillea
* Camellia
* Capsicum (Pepper)
* Cirsium
* Cornus
* Cucumis
* Dahlia
* Daucus
* Eucalyptus
* Euonymus
* Fragaria (Strawberry)
* Helianthus
* Hydrangea
* Ipomoea
* Iris (Iris)
* Lagerstroemia
* Lilium
* Lycopersicon
* Malva
* Ostrya
* Papaver (Poppy)
* Persea
* Pittosporium
* Platanus
* Prunus
* Rhamnus
* Rosa
* Salix
* Sedum (Rockcress)
* Solanum
* Syringa (Lilac)
* Verbena
* Viola
# Horticulture/Arthropod Pests

* Homopteran Pests (Aphids, Leafhoppers, etc.)
* Hemipteran Pests (Bugs)
* Dipteran Pests (Flies and Maggots)
* Coleopteran Pests (Beetles)
* Hymenopteran Pests (Sawflies, Wasps, etc.)
* Lepidopteran Pests (Caterpillars)
# Lineage 2/The Player Character (PC) Classes & Character Guides/Dwarf Bounty Hunter
## Dwarven Bounty Hunter

A level 40 Dwarven Scavenger has to opportunity, after some of the worst class quests in Lineage 2, to become a Bounty Hunter. Bounty Hunters continue to hone their spoil skills. The items that a Bounty Hunter can spoil are those that are extremely rare though needed in large numbers for C, B, and A grade items.

## Skills

Higher level spoil skills dominate the Bounty Hunter skill tree, along with a great new skill: fake death.

### Expertise C, B, A, and S

The ability to use items of higher grades comes at the same time as the crystalize skill (40, 52, and 60 respectively) with S proficiency available at 67.

### Hammer Crush

The Hammer Crush skill is little more than a higher level version of stunning hit.

### Whirlwind

The Whirlwind skill is like wild sweep, just stronger.

### Fake Death

The Fake Death skill allows the Bounty Hunter to play dead for a monster, who thinking they are dead, will attack the nearest character. While the Bounty Hunter is playing dead, MP is consumed continuously. This can be used defensively if the character gets in a situation they cannot fight their way out of, or offensively by attracting multiple mobs and "training" another character by faking death right on top of them, sending the now aggressive mobs after the nearest unfortunate character.

## Party Use

Bounty Hunters are common for duo situations with a healer or buffer. For larger parties in dungeons, a trade off is made between getting extra experience points by having a proficient damage dealer and a money making dwarf. If greed wins, a Bounty Hunter will get a party.

## Clan Use

Now spoiling C and B grade materials, Bounty Hunters can work closely with Warsmiths for specific projects or just a fellow clanmate looking for a recipe for an item.

## Spoil Changes

Because B grade recipes are consumed with the craft, recipes too must be spoiled in larger amounts. High recipe prices upwards of 1 million adena are not uncommon, as are dyes that can be worth just as much. These spoilable items continue to keep Bounty Hunters in a good financial state and the target of jealousy to other players.
# ITunes/A First Look at iTunes

When you open iTunes, there are a few aspects to the windows. This is illustrated on the diagram below.
* Library - This section includes links to all parts of your library, such as Music, Movies, TV Shows, Podcasts, and Radio.
* Store - Previously known as the iTunes Music Store, the Store section provides links to the store and other useful links. The more you interact with the store, the more links will appear as iTunes upates the sidebar on your most frequently used sections of the iTunes store.
* Playlists - This section shows playlists you have created in iTunes. Make playlists and they will appear here.
* Tracklistings - This section shows the tracks in the album you have selected.
# ITunes/Ogg in iTunes

To enable iTunes to play Ogg files, install the official Xiph QuickTime Components. This is straightforward, as outlined below.
If you wish to also associate a file type with Ogg, the process is somewhat more involved; see below.

## Install components

* Make sure iTunes is not running.
* Install the official Xiph QuickTime Components from Xiph.org. iTunes is a QuickTime based application, these components and frameworks allow any QuickTime application to play Ogg files for that matter.
* Files may be dragged into the iTunes Library window or added via the File > Add to Library… command.
* Enjoy your new music!

### Conflicts

If you have installed older QuickTime Ogg components, there may be conflicts, so you will want to remove these. Read the installation/uninstallation instructions that came with the older packages, or check in the following directory for files with Ogg in the name, and remove them: /Library/Components, /Library/QuickTime, and similarly in your home directory.

## File type association – advanced

iTunes by default does not have a file type association with Ogg files despite the fact that it has an Ogg icon. Enabling the association in Mac OS X requires editing the Info.plist file with a text editor, not Property List Editor (as it does not support copying and pasting branches of the XML tree).
* Right click on iTunes.app and choose "Show Package Contents", open the Contents folder and then select the Info.plist file and make a copy of it.
Modify your Info.plist by adding this :
You can change the icon if you want also.
# IWU Ed.D. Organizational Leadership Study Guide
## Contents

* What is Leadership?
* Central Domain - Servant Leader as World Changer
* Domain 1 - Personal Authenticity
* Life Calling
* Moral Leadership
* Emotional Intelligence
* Credibility
* Spiritual Formation
* Domain 2 - Organizational Learning
* Learning Organizations
* Knowledge Management
* Domain 3 - Organizational Culture and Behavior
* Organizational Behavior
* Organizational Culture
* Organizational Culture Assessments
* Domain 4 - Change, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
* Change Theory
* Innovation
* Planning Strategic Change
* Domain 5 - Globalization and Multiculturalism
* Cultural Intelligence
* Global Perspective
* Domain 6 - Governance and Ethic
* Research
* References

## See also

* Wikiversity School of Education
# ITunes/Installation
## Requirements

* A computer that can run or programs written for Windows 2000 SP4 or Windows XP. This usually means either a computer running Windows 2000 SP4, Windows XP or later versions; however, iTunes is usable in Linux using CrossOver Office.
* Hard disk space to store data (around 1MB per minute of audio is a good guide.)
* Many features such as Internet radio, pod-casting, and the music store require an Internet connection.
* This book covers features of iTunes which require additional hardware, such as an iPod or AirPort network.

## Where To Get iTunes

* Apple provides free downloads of the latest iTunes software here.

## Installing iTunes

You will need to be logged in as an administrator to install iTunes.
** Download
*** In a web browser follow this link to download the latest iTunes software installer.
*** If you intend to use an iPod with this computer you should download the latest iPod software installer.
*** If your web browser allows you to open files from it you can do so. Otherwise you need to locate the installer(s) on your computer and run them. If you have downloaded the iPod software is generally better to run the iTunes installer first.
*** During the iTunes installation you will be asked a few questions. In general the default settings are sufficient and they can be changed later if necessary.
** CD (Warning: The software on an iPod's CD is only as new as the iPod. If your iPod is more than a couple months old it is generally better to install from downloaded files).
*** Insert the CD that came with your iPod into your computer's optical drive.
*** The CD Contains a combined iPod and iTunes installer that will generally run automatically when you insert the CD. If it does not, go to My Computer then double click on your CD or DVD drives icon. Next double click on the iPod installer.
*** During the installation you will be asked a few questions. In general the default settings are sufficient and they can be changed later if necessary.

## Did It Work?

Just to make sure the installer actually worked you should try these steps.
** Click on the Start Menu
** Click on All Programs
** Choose iTunes in the listing. Then chose iTunes again in the next menu.
** You will be asked to agree to the iTunes license agreement.
** You will be asked a few questions about how iTunes should operate. It is usually not necessary to make any changes.
** After you answer the questions you should see a large window with metallic edges labeled iTunes.
** You did it! iTunes is now on your system and ready to use.
Now that all the technical stuff is out of the way we are ready to have some fun.