# Spanish/Lesson 6

| Lessons: | 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 |

## Grammar - Object Pronouns
### Direct Object Pronouns

While the subject of a sentence initiates an action (the verb), the direct object is the one that is affected by the action. A direct object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:
| El chico come la manzana. Él la come. | The boy eats the apple . He eats it . |
The following table shows the six types of direct object pronouns:
| Subject | Object | English |
| yo | me | me |
| tú | te | you |
| él | lo | him/it |
| ella | la | her/it |
| usted | lo/la | you |
| nosotros | nos | us, we |
| vosotros | os | you (plural) |
| ellos | los | them (masculine) |
| ellas | las | them (feminine) |
| ustedes | los/las | you |
In spanish tú is used for informal situations, and usted must be used when a formal treatment is needed.
Note: In Spain, le and les are used as the masculine direct object pronoun only when referring to people. If the antecedent of a direct object is masculine but non-human, lo or los are used instead. In most other Spanish speaking places, lo and los are used instead of le and les.

### Indirect Object Pronouns

An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with To whom...? or From whom...?. It is called indirect because it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly by the action:
| La mujer da una manzana al chico. La mujer le da una manzana. | The woman gives an apple to the boy . The woman gives him an apple. |
The apple is given by the woman (direct). The boy gets the given apple (indirect - depends on the apple being given).
Here is a table with all of the Spanish indirect object pronouns:
| Subject | Indirect Object | English |
| yo | me | to/from me |
| tú | te | to/from you |
| él/ella/usted | le | to/from him/her/you |
| nosotros/nosotras | nos | to/from us |
| vosotros/vosotras | os | to/from you |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes | les | to/from them/you |

### Position Of Object Pronouns (Double Object Pronouns)

So far we have only seen sentences with one object pronoun. If there is both a direct and an indirect object pronoun, the indirect pronoun usually comes first:
| Te compro una bicicleta . Te la compro. | I buy you a bike. I buy it for you. |
Also, when both object pronouns are in the third person (either singular or plural), the indirect pronoun changes from le/les to se:
| El profesor le da unos libros. El profesor se los da. | The professor gives her the books. The professor gives them to her. |
In sentences that contain an infinitive or a participle, the object pronoun may be either placed before the conjugated verb or it maybe attached to the infinitive/participle:
| Carmen puede cantar el himno nacional. Carmen puede cantarlo. or Carmen lo puede cantar. | Carmen can sing the national anthem. Carmen can sing it. |
It is possible to have the two rules above working at the same time: A combination of direct and indirect pronouns that is attached to an infinitive/participle:
| Quiero mostrarte una casa. Quiero mostrártela. | I want to show you a house. I want to show it to you. |
Exercise:Object Pronouns

## Vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La comida (Food)

| Las comidas | The meals |
| el desayuno | breakfast |
| desayunar, tomar el desayuno | to have breakfast |
| el almuerzo | lunch |
| almorzar | to have lunch |
| la cena | dinner |
| cenar | to have dinner |
| la comida | food, meal |
| comer | to eat |
In Spain and some other countries, comida is the midday meal.
| Las comidas | The meals |
| el desayuno | breakfast |
| desayunar, tomar el desayuno | to have breakfast |
| la comida (el almuerzo) | lunch, main meal |
| comer (almorzar) | to eat, to lunch |
| la cena | dinner |
| cenar | to have dinner |
In other countries, for example Chile, comida is the last meal in the day.
| Las comidas | The meals |
| el desayuno | breakfast |
| desayunar, tomar el desayuno | to have breakfast |
| el almuerzo | lunch |
| almorzar | to have lunch |
| la comida (la cena) | dinner, main meal |
| comer (cenar) | to eat, to have dinner |
Instead of saying desayuno, comida y cena (Spain) or desayuno, almuerzo y comida (Chile, Colombia), it's safer to say desayuno, almuerzo y cena.
The word comida has several meanings
* food Me gusta la comida mexicana
* meal El desayuno es la principal comida del día
* lunch La comida es a las 2 PM
* dinner La comida es a las 9 PM
| Las Frutas | Fruits |
| la banana | banana |
| el plátano (Spain, Chile, Perú) | banana |
| el banano | banana |
| la cereza | cherry |
| la guinda | cherry |
| el damasco | apricot |
| el albaricoque (Spain) | apricot |
| el durazno (Sp. Am) | peach |
| el melocotón (Spain) | peach |
| la fresa | strawberry |
| la frutilla (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay) | strawberry |
| el kiwi | kiwi fruit |
| la manzana | apple |
| la naranja | orange |
| la pera | pear |
| la piña | pineapple |
| el ananá | pineapple |
| la uva | grape |
| la ciruela | plum |
| Las Verduras | Vegetables |
| la cebolla | onion |
| la lechuga | lettuce |
| la espinaca | spinach |
| la papa (Sp. Am.) | potato |
| la patata (Spain) | potato |
| el pepino | cucumber |
| el aguacate | avocado |
| la palta (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay) | avocado |
| el tomate | tomato |
| la zanahoria | carrot |
| el zapallo (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay) | pumpkin, squash |
| la calabaza (Spain) | pumpkin, squash |
| los porotos (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay) | beans |
| los frijoles (Mexico) | beans |
| las alubias (Spain) | beans |
| las caraotas | beans |
Note that due to the pervasive influence of English, in many supermarkets there is a section called Vegetales instead of Verduras. They mistranslate vegetable, forgetting that this is not the same as English vegetal (relating to plants).
* Legumbres means the same thing as verduras (vegetables).
| Lessons: | 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 |