# Quenya/Stem-forms

A number of changes in modern Quenya seem rather irregular at first sight, when we look at the evolution from Old-Elvish to Quenya however, they can be explained. Let’s look at an example:
but...
Notice how 1Ej#t% talami has an t m in the plural, and not an 1Ej#t% n.
On the page Nouns we have said that 1Ej#t\ talam- was the stem of 1Ej#5 talan and we find the word as 1Ej#5 ›1Ej#t\› talan (talam-) in the word-lists. This makes for the word 1Ej#5 talan to be an irregular noun as it doesn't end with t m.
The reason for this irregularity is that modern Quenya no longer allows an t m to appear at the end of a word (see Phonology). So during the evolution of the language this t m turned into an 5 n in the nominative form. In all other cases it kept the t m, as it wasn't the final sound at the end of the word, thus allowing t m to stay.
All nouns with a u-dual that belong to one of the categories on this page, use their stem-forms but are otherwise regular (we use 9C7E5 haran, 9C65\ harn- "leader"):
| Case | Dual | Quenya |
| Nominative | 9C65& | harnu |
| Genitive | 9C65&`N | harnuo |
| Possessive | 9C65&yE | harnuva |
| Dative | 9C65&5 | harnun |
| Ablative | 9C65&j°^ | harnullo |
| Allative | 9C65&5:# | harnunna |
| Locative | 9C65&,F | harnussë |
| Instrumental | 9C65&5$5 | harnunen |
| Respective | 9C65&8 | harnus |
The irregular stem-forms can be found on a separate page: Exceptional stems.

## d-/t- stems

The first group of words ends in \5 –n, \6 –r or \j –l. Their stem-forms are made by adding a \2\ –d–.
The second group ends in \5 –n, \6 –r or \8 –s and add \1 -t to form the stem.
A list of the known Quenya-words belonging to this group can be found on following page: Quenya/Nouns: d/t-stems.
The adjectives on \5 –n probably also belong to the 2\ d- stems (PE 14 pg. 77):
    `B cE7T2% i hwarindi "the crooked (ones)"
    cE7T2% 5$7T hwarindi neri "crooked men"
When they are used as final declinable words (see Inflected adjectives), they get the vowels \`V\ –e– or \`B\ –i– between the stem and the case-ending:
    9C6t# eU7T2$,F harma furindessë "in a concealed treasure"
    `M7U6 ~M7T2$5 urur úrindinen "with blazing hot fires"
The declension of 2\ d- and 1\ t- stems is regular except in the possessive singular. In this case we use the suffix \nE –wa with the nominative (all nouns in this group have u-duals):
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | eG`N5 fion | eG`N2% fiondi | eG`N2% fiondi | eG`N2& fiondu | eG`N2$j% fiondeli | eG`N2$j% fiondeli |
| Genitive | eG`N2^ fiondo | eG`N2%`N5 fiondion | eG`N2%`N5 fiondion | eG`N2&`N fionduo | eG`N2$j%`N5 fiondelion | eG`N2$j%`N5 fiondelion |
| Possessive | eG`NnE fionwa | eG`N2%yE fiondiva | eG`N2%yE fiondiva | eG`N2&yE fionduva | eG`N2$j~ByE fiondelíva | eG`N2$j~ByE fiondelíva |
| Dative | eG`N2$5 fionden | eG`N2%5 fiondin | eG`N2%5 fiondin | eG`N2&5 fiondun | eG`N2$j%5 fiondelin | eG`N2$j%5 fiondelin |
| Ablative | eG`N2$j°^ fiondello | eG`N2%j°^5 fiondillon | eG`N2%j°^6 fiondillor | eG`N2&j°^ fiondullo | eG`N2$j%j°^5 fiondelillon | eG`N2$j%j°^6 fiondelillor |
| Allative | eG`N2$5:# fiondenna | eG`N2%5:#6 fiondinnar | eG`N2%5:#6 fiondinnar | eG`N2&5:# fiondunna | eG`N2$j%5:# fiondelinna | eG`N2$j%5:#6 fiondelinnar |
| Locative | eG`N2$,F fiondessë | eG`N2%,F5 fiondissen | eG`N2%,F5 fiondissen | eG`N2&,F fiondussë | eG`N2$,F fiondelissë | eG`N2$,F5 fiondelissen |
| Instrumental | eG`N2$5$5 fiondenen | eG`N2%5$5 fiondinen | eG`N2%5$5 fiondinen | eG`N2&5$5 fiondunen | eG`N2$j~B5$5 fiondelínen | eG`N2$j~B5$5 fiondelínen |
| Respective | eG`N2$8 fiondes | eG`N2%8 fiondis | eG`N2%8 fiondis | eG`N2&8 fiondus | eG`N2$j%8 fiondelis | eG`N2$j%8 fiondelis |

## Contracted stems

Another group of stems lose the vowel of the second syllable. So the stem-form is a contracted form of the nominative.
Following nouns belong to this group:
    aH7Y5 coron, aH65\ corn- "ball"
    eR7R5 feren, eR65\ fern- "beech"
    9C7E5 haran, 9C65\ harn- "leader"
    9U`C5 huan, 9~M5\ hún- "dog"
    j#t#5 laman, j#t5\ lamn- "animal"
    iH7Y5 soron, iH65\ sorn- "eagle"
In quite a number of cases of the singular these words use the nominative to produce these cases. In the partitive plural they also use the nominative:
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | 9C7E5 haran | 9C65% harni | 9C65% harni | 9C65$1 harnet | 9C7Ej°% haralli | 9C7Ej°% haralli |
| Genitive | 9C65^ harno | 9C65%`N5 harnion | 9C65%`N5 harnion | 9C7E4^ haranto | 9C7Ej°%`N5 harallion | 9C7Ej°%`N5 harallion |
| Possessive | 9C7E5nE haranwa | 9C65%yE harniva | 9C65%yE harniva | 9C65$1nE harnetwa | 9C7Ej°%yE haralliva | 9C7Ej°%yE haralliva |
| Dative | 9C65$5 harnen | 9C65%5 harnin | 9C65%5 harnin | 9C65$4 harnent | 9C7Ej°%5 harallin | 9C7Ej°%5 harallin |
| Ablative | 9C7Ej°^ harallo | 9C65%j°^5 harnillon | 9C65%j°^6 harnillor | 9C7Rj1Y harelto | 9C7Ej°%j°^5 harallillon | 9C7Ej°%j°^6 harallillor |
| Allative | 9C7E5:# haranna | 9C65%5:#6 harninnar | 9C65%5:#6 harninnar | 9C65$4# harnenta | 9C7Ej°%5:# harallinna | 9C7Ej°%5:#6 harallinnar |
| Locative | 9C7E2$ harandë | 9C65%,F5 harnissen | 9C65%,F5 harnissen | 9C65$1R+ harnetsë | 9C7Ej°%,F harallissë | 9C7Ej°%,F5 harallissen |
| Instrumental | 9C7E5:$5 harannen | 9C65%5$5 harninen | 9C65%5$5 harninen | 9C65$4$5 harnenten | 9C7Ej°%5$5 harallinen | 9C7Ej°%5$5 harallinen |
| Respective | 9C65$8 harnes | 9C65%8 harnis | 9C65%8 harnis | 9C65$1R8 harnetes | 9C7Ej°%8 harallis | 9C7Ej°%8 harallis |
There is a second group that have lost the final vowel + n in the nominative
    aDjt#6 calmar, aDjt#65\ calmarn- "child of light"
    9Cj#1T6 halatir, 9Cj#1T65\ halatirn- "kingfisher"
    t$`C6 mëar, t$`C65\ mëarn- "gore, blood"
    qU6 pur, qU65\ purn- "(artificial) fire"
    1EyE6 tavar, 1EyE65\ tavarn- "dale sprite"
and also
    iFj$6 seler, iFj°\ sell- "sister"
They have in the singular only two exceptional cases:
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | iFj$6 seler | iFj°% selli | iFj°% selli | iFj°$1 sellet | iFj°$j% selleli | iFj°$j% selleli |
| Genitive | iFj°^ sello | iFj°%`N5 sellion | iFj°%`N5 sellion | iFj$61Y selerto | iFj°$j%`N5 sellelion | iFj°$j%`N5 sellelion |
| Possessive | iFj$6nE selerwa | iFj°%yE selliva | iFj°%yE selliva | iFj°$1nE selletwa | iFj°$j~ByE sellelíva | iFj°$j~ByE sellelíva |
| Dative | iFj°$5 sellen | iFj°%5 sellin | iFj°%5 sellin | iFj°$4 sellent | iFj°$j%5 sellelin | iFj°$j%5 sellelin |
| Ablative | iFj°$j°^ sellello | iFj°%j°^5 sellillon | iFj°%j°^6 sellillor | iFj°$j1Y sellelto | iFj°$j%j°^5 sellelillon | iFj°$j%j°^6 sellelillor |
| Allative | iFj°$5:# sellenna | iFj°%5:#6 sellinnar | iFj°%5:#6 sellinnar | iFj°$4# sellenta | iFj°$j%5:# sellelinna | iFj°$j%5:#6 sellelinnar |
| Locative | iFj°$,F sellessë | iFj°%,F5 sellissen | iFj°%,F5 sellissen | iFj°$1R+ selletsë | iFj°$j%,F sellelissë | iFj°$j%,F5 sellelissen |
| Instrumental | iFj$65$5 selernen | iFj°%5$5 sellinen | iFj°%5$5 sellinen | iFj°$4$5 sellenten | iFj°$j%5$5 sellelinen | iFj°$j%5$5 sellelinen |
| Respective | iFj°$8 selles | iFj°%8 sellis | iFj°%8 sellis | iFj°$1R8 selletes | iFj°$j%8 sellelis | iFj°$j%8 sellelis |

# Doubled stems

There are also words in -t that have a doubled stem but they can be found on the page about Exceptional stems.

### doubled stems in ss-

A number of stems double their final -s:
    aDj#8 calas, aDj#,\ calass- "brass"
    alYt#8 coimas, alYt#,\ coimass- "lembas"
    `VzF8 eques, `VzF,\ equess- "saying"
    eDj#8 falas, eDj#,\ falass- "shore, beach"
    `B2%8 indis, `B2%,\ indiss- "bride"
    `B5nTj%8 inwilis, `B5nTj%,\ inwiliss- "fairy"
    `B8 is, `B,\ iss- "light snow"
    `B1T8 itis, `B1T,\ itiss- "fly bite"
    j%8 lis, j%,\ liss- "honey"
    5$8 nes, 5$,\ ness- "mead, valley, land"
    5%zG8 niquis, 5%zG,\ niquiss- "frost-pattern"
    5~B8 nís, 5~B,\ niss- "woman"
    lY5#j%8 oinalis, lY5#j%,\ oinaliss- "ointment"
    `Nj^8 olos, `Nj^,\ oloss- "snow"
    iG4%j%8 sintilis, iG4%j%,\ sintiliss- "sparkling (of crystal)"
    1T7T8 tiris, 1T7T,\ tiriss- "watch"
    1Yj^8 tolos, 1Yj^,\ toloss- "knob, lump"
    1ÎY8 tyos, 1ÎY,\ tyoss- "cough"
* ↑ alYt#8 coimas also has the stem-form alYt#81\ coimast-.
* ↑ The long ~B í shortens before a double consonant.
* ↑ This word also has the nominative `Nj^,R olossë. It should not be confused with `Nj^8 olos "dream" which has an irregular stem-form (see Exceptional stems).
The proper name 1UjaD8 Tulcas also belongs to this group.
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | eDj# falas | eDj#,G falassi | eDj#,G falassi | eDj#,F1 falasset | eDj#,Fj% falasseli | eDj#,Fj% falasseli |
| Genitive | eDj#,H falasso | eDj#,G`N5 falassion | eDj#,G`N5 falassion | eDj#81Y falasto | eDj#,Fj%`N5 falasselion | eDj#,Fj%`N5 falasselion |
| Possessive | eDj#,FyE falasseva | eDj#,GyE falassiva | eDj#,GyE falassiva | eDj#,F1nE falassetwa | eDj#,Fj~ByE falasselíva | eDj#,Fj~ByE falasselíva |
| Dative | eDj#,F5 falassen | eDj#,G5 falassin | eDj#,G5 falassin | eDj#,F4 falassent | eDj#,Fj%5 falasselin | eDj#,Fj%5 falasselin |
| Ablative | eDj#,Fj°^ falassello | eDj#,Gj°^5 falassillon | eDj#,Gj°^6 falassillor | eDj#,Fj1Y falasselto | eDj#,Fj%j°^5 falasselillon | eDj#,Fj%j°^6 falasselillor |
| Allative | eDj#,F5:# falassenna | eDj#,G5:#6 falassinnar | eDj#,G5:#6 falassinnar | eDj#,F4# falassenta | eDj#,Fj%5:# falasselinna | eDj#,Fj%5:#6 falasselinnar |
| Locative | eDj#,F falassë | eDj#,F5 falassen | eDj#,F5 falassen | eDj#,F1R+ falassetsë | eDj#,Fj%,F falasselissë | eDj#,Fj%,F5 falasselissen |
| Instrumental | eDj#,F5$5 falassenen | eDj#,G5$5 falassinen | eDj#,G5$5 falassinen | eDj#,G4$5 falassenten | eDj#,Fj~B5$5 falasselínen | eDj#,Fj~B5$5 falasselínen |
| Respective | eDj#,F8 falasses | eDj#,G8 falassis | eDj#,G8 falassis | eDj#,F1R8 falassetes | eDj#,Fj%8 falasselis | eDj#,Fj%8 falasselis |
The word iHj^6 solor "surf" has stem-form iHj^,\ soloss- and uses the same forms as these words except the possessive singular which is iHj^6nE solorwa.

### doubled stems in ll-/nn-

Final j l and 5 n can also be doubled:
    `Ct%j amil, `Ct%j°\ amill- "mother"
    `C7E5$j aranel, `C7E5$j°\ aranell- "princess"
    9Y7T5$j horinel, 9Y7T5$j°\ horinell- "pine-needle"
    t%7Tj miril, t%7Tj°\ mirill- "jewel"
    7T`Vj riel, 7T`Vj°\ riell- "flower-girl"
    `BiGj isil, `BiGj°\ isill- "moon"
    1Yj tol, 1Yj°\ toll- "island"
* ↑ The cases of 1Yj tol are formed with an \`N\ –o– between stem and ending (see Exceptional stems).
    lDj%5 ailin, lDj%5:\ ailinn- "lake"
    alDj$5 cailen, alDj$5:\ cailenn- "throat"
    aDj%w#5 calimban, aDj%w#5:\ calimbann- "barbarian land"
    aDr%5 campin, aDr%5:\ campinn- "hips"
    aHjt#5 colman, aHjt#5:\ colmann- "summit"
    `VjnR5 elwen, `VjnR5:\ elwenn- "heart"
    9Rj%5 helin, 9Rj%5:\ helinn- "pansy"
    `B7T5 irin, `B7T5:\ irinn- "town"
    `B6t%5 irmin, `B6t%5:\ irminn- "inhabited world"
    j#1~MaF5 latúcen, j#1~MaF5:\ latúcenn- "tin"
    j%aG5 licin, j%aG5:\ licinn- "horn"
    t%2^5 mindon, t%2^5:\ mindonn- "turret"
    `NjnR5 olwen, `NjnR5:\ olwenn- "branch, wand"
    `N5%5 onin, `N5%5:\ oninn- "anvil"
    qRzF5 pequen, qRzF5:\ pequenn- "comb"
    1Et%5 tamin, 1Et%5:\ taminn- "forge"
    1~M7T5 túrin, 1~M7T5:\ túrinn- "province"
    nTj%5 wilin, nTj%5:\ wilinn- "bird"
The proper name iGjt#7Tj Silmaril also belongs to these words.
The exceptional cases are: the possessive singular and the allative or ablative in singular and plural forms.
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | `Ct%j amil | `Ct%j°% amilli | `Ct%j°% amilli | `Ct%j°$ amillet | `Ct%j°$j% amilleli | `Ct%j°$j% amilleli |
| Genitive | `Ct%j°^ amillo | `Ct%j°%`N5 amillion | `Ct%j°%`N5 amillion | `Ct%j1Y amilto | `Ct%j°$j%`N5 amillelion | `Ct%j°$j%`N5 amillelion |
| Possessive | `Ct%jnE amilwa | `Ct%j°%yE amilliva | `Ct%j°%yE amilliva | `Ct%j°$1nE amilletwa | `Ct%j°$j~ByE amillelíva | `Ct%j°$j~ByE amillelíva |
| Dative | `Ct%j°$5 amillen | `Ct%j°%5 amillin | `Ct%j°%5 amillin | `Ct%j°$4 amillent | `Ct%j°$j%5 amillelin | `Ct%j°$j%5 amillelin |
| Ablative | `Ct%j°%j°^ amillello | `Ct%j°^5 amillon | `Ct%j°^6 amillor | `Ct%j°$j1Y amillelto | `Ct%j°%j°^5 amillillon | `Ct%j°%j°^6 amillillor |
| Allative | `Ct%j°$5:# amillenna | `Ct%j°%5:#6 amillinnar | `Ct%j°%5:#6 amillinnar | `Ct%j°$4# amillenta | `Ct%j°$j%5:# amillelinna | `Ct%j°$j%5:#6 amillelinnar |
| Locative | `Ct%j°$,F amillessë | `Ct%j°%,F5 amillissen | `Ct%j°%,F5 amillissen | `Ct%j°$1R+ amilletsë | `Ct%j°$j°%,F amillelissë | `Ct%j°$j°%,F5 amillelissen |
| Instrumental | `Ct%j°$5$5 amillenen | `Ct%j°%5$5 amillinen | `Ct%j°%5$5 amillinen | `Ct%j°$4$5 amillenten | `Ct%j°$j~B5$5 amillelínen | `Ct%j°$j~B5$5 amillelínen |
| Respective | `Ct%j°$8 amilles | `Ct%j°%8 amillis | `Ct%j°%8 amillis | `Ct%j°$1R8 amilletes | `Ct%j°$j%8 amillelis | `Ct%j°$j%8 amillelis |
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | `NjnR5 olwen | `NjnR5:% olwenni | `NjnR5:% olwenni | `NjnR5:$1 olwennet | `NjnRj°% olwelli | `NjnRj°% olwelli |
| Genitive | `NjnR5:^ olwenno | `NjnR5:%`N5 olwennion | `NjnR5:%`N5 olwennion | `NjnR4^ olwento | `NjnRj°%`N5 olwellion | `NjnRj°%`N5 olwellion |
| Possessive | `NjnR5nE olwenwa | `NjnR5:%yE olwenniva | `NjnR5:%yE olwenniva | `NjnR5:$1nE olwennetwa | `NjnRj°%yE olwelliva | `NjnRj°%yE olwelliva |
| Dative | `NjnR5:$5 olwennen | `NjnR5:%5 olwennin | `NjnR5:%5 olwennin | `NjnR5:$4 olwennent | `NjnRj°%5 olwellin | `NjnRj°%5 olwellin |
| Ablative | `NjnR5:$j°^ olwennello | `NjnR5:%j°^5 olwennillon | `NjnR5:%j°^6 olwennillor | `NjnR5:$j1Y olwennelto | `NjnRj°%j°^5 olwellillon | `NjnRj°%j°^6 olwellillor |
| Allative | `NjnR5:# olwenna | `NjnR5:#6 olwennar | `NjnR5:#6 olwennar | `NjnR5:$4# olwennenta | `NjnRj°%5:# olwellinna | `NjnRj°%5:#6 olwellinnar |
| Locative | `NjnR5:$,F olwennessë | `NjnR5:%,F5 olwennissen | `NjnR5:%,F5 olwennissen | `NjnR5:$1R+ olwennetsë | `NjnRj°%,F olwellissë | `NjnRj°%,F5 olwellissen |
| Instrumental | `NjnR5:$5$5 olwennenen | `NjnR5:%5$5 olwenninen | `NjnR5:%5$5 olwenninen | `NjnR5:$4$5 olwennenten | `NjnRj°%5$5 olwellinen | `NjnRj°%5$5 olwellinen |
| Respective | `NjnR5:$8 olwennes | `NjnR5:%8 olwennis | `NjnR5:%8 olwennis | `NjnR5:$1R8 olwennetes | `NjnRj°%8 olwellis | `NjnRj°%8 olwellis |

### doubled stems in rr-

A list of words that have the rr- stem:
    aH2^6 condor, aH2^7;\ condorr- "warrior"
    9Y81E6 hostar, 9Y81E7;\ hostarr- "tribe"
    `B2^6 indor, `B2^7;\ indorr- "groom"
    j#t#2#6 lamandar, j#t#2#7;\ lamandarr- "herdsman"
    j#6 lar, j#7;\ larr- "place, region"
    t#zD6 maquar, t#zD7;\ maquarr- "(human) jaw"
    t%j5#6 milnar, t%j5#7;\ milnarr- "sown field"
    5$m^6 neldor, 5$m^7;\ neldorr- "beech"
They are declined as follows:
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | j#6 lar | j#7;T larri | j#7;T larri | j#7;R1 larret | j#j°% lalli | j#j°% lalli |
| Genitive | j#7;Y larro | j#7;T`N5 larrion | j#7;T`N5 larrion | j#61Y larto | j#j°%`N5 lallion | j#j°%`N5 lallion |
| Possessive | j#6nE larwa | j#7;TyE larriva | j#7;TyE larriva | j#7;R1nE larretwa | j#j°%yE lalliva | j#j°%yE lalliva |
| Dative | j#7;R5 larren | j#7;T5 larrin | j#7;T5 larrin | j#7;R4 larrent | j#j°%5 lallin | j#j°%5 lallin |
| Ablative | j#7;Rj°^ larrello | j#7;Tj°^5 larrillon | j#7;Tj°^6 larrillor | j#7;Rj1Y larrelto | j#j°%j°^5 lallillon | j#j°%j°^6 lallillor |
| Allative | j#7;R5:# larrenna | j#7;T5:#6 larrennar | j#7;T5:#6 larrennar | j#7;R4# larrenta | j#j°%5:# lallinna | j#j°%5:#6 lallinnar |
| Locative | j#7;R,F larressë | j#7;T,F5 larrissen | j#7;T,F5 larrissen | j#7;R1R+ larretsë | j#j°%,F lallissë | j#j°%,F5 lallissen |
| Instrumental | j#7;R5$5 larrenen | j#7;T5$5 larrinen | j#7;T5$5 larrinen | j#7;R4$5 larrenten | j#j°%5$5 lallinen | j#j°%5$5 lallinen |
| Respective | j#7;R8 larres | j#7;T8 larris | j#7;T8 larris | j#7;R1R8 larretes | j#j°%8 lallis | j#j°%8 lallis |

## m- stems

As told in the introduction, the letter t m is no longer allowed at the end of a word and has changed into 5 n in the nominative:
    `C61E5 artan, `C61Et\ artam- "hammer"
    `Bj%5 ilin, `Bj%t\ ilim- "milk"
    t$5 men, t$t\ mem- "nose, beak"
    zG5 quin, zGt\ quim- "female"
    7E5 ran, 7Et\ ram- "noise"
    1Ej#5 talan, 1Ej#t\ talam- "floor"
These words have exceptional locatives, instrumentals and partitive plurals:
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | t$5 men | t$t% memi | t$t% memi | t$t$1 memet | t$j°% melli | t$j°% melli |
| Genitive | t$t^ memo | t$t%`N5 memion | t$t%`N5 memion | t$4^ mento | t$j°%`N5 mellion | t$j°%`N5 mellion |
| Possessive | t$t$yE memeva | t$t%yE memiva | t$t%yE memiva | t$t$1nE memetwa | t$j°%yE melliva | t$j°%yE melliva |
| Dative | t$t$5 memen | t$t%5 memin | t$t%5 memin | t$t$4 mement | t$j°%5 mellin | t$j°%5 mellin |
| Ablative | t$t$j°^ memello | t$t%j°^5 memillon | t$t%j°^6 memillor | t$t$j1Y memelto | t$j°%j°^5 mellillon | t$j°%j°^6 mellillor |
| Allative | t$t$5:# memenna | t$t%5:#6 meminnar | t$t%5:#6 meminnar | t$t$4# mementa | t$j°%5:# mellinna | t$j°%5:#6 mellinnar |
| Locative | t$2$ mendë | t$t%,F5 memissen | t$t%,F5 memissen | t$t$1R+ memetsë | t$j°%,F mellissë | t$j°%,F5 mellissen |
| Instrumental | t$t5$5 memnen | t$t%5$5 meminen | t$t%5$5 meminen | t$t$4$5 mementen | t$j°%5$5 mellinen | t$j°%5$5 mellinen |
| Respective | t$t$8 memes | t$t%8 memis | t$t%8 memis | t$t$1R8 memetes | t$j°%8 mellis | t$j°%8 mellis |
The words with stem on \s -ng also behave like these words:
    eDj#8nT5 falaswin, eDj#8nTs\ falaswing- "wavecrest"
    eF5 fen, eFs\ feng- "reed"
The locative is eF2$ fendë and the partitive plural eFj°% felli (but the instrumental is regular: eFs$5$5 fengenen).

## c- stems

Four words originally ended in \a -c, and this letter is also not allowed at the end of a word:
    eGj%1 filit, eGj%a\ filic- "little bird"
    5$j$1 nelet, 5$ja\ nelc- "tooth"
    `N7ÎD1 oryat, `N7ÎDa\ oryac- "badger"
    zF,F1 quesset, zF,Ra\ quessec- "pillow"
They are declined as follows:
| Case | Singular | Plural | Plural | Dual | Partitive Plural | Partitive Plural |
| Nominative | eGj%1 filit | eGj%aG filici | eGj%aG filici | eGj%aJ filicu | eGj%aFj% filiceli | eGj%aFj% filiceli |
| Genitive | eGj%aH filico | eGj%aG`N5 filicion | eGj%aG`N5 filicion | eGj%aJ`N filicuo | eGj%aFj%`N5 filicelion | eGj%aFj%`N5 filicelion |
| Possessive | eGj%zD filiqua | eGj%aGyE filiciva | eGj%aGyE filiciva | eGj%aJyE filicuva | eGj%aFj~ByE filicelíva | eGj%aFj~ByE filicelíva |
| Dative | eGj%aF5 filicen | eGj%aG5 filicin | eGj%aG5 filicin | eGj%aJ5 filicun | eGj%aFj%5 filicelin | eGj%aFj%5 filicelin |
| Ablative | eGj%aFj°^ filicello | eGj%aGj°^5 filicillon | eGj%aGj°^6 filicillor | eGj%aJj°^ filicullo | eGj%aFj%j°^5 filicelillon | eGj%aFj%j°^6 filicelillor |
| Allative | eGj%aF5:# filicenna | eGj%aG5:#6 filicinnar | eGj%aG5:#6 filicinnar | eGj%aJ5:# filicunna | eGj%aFj%5:# filicelinna | eGj%aFj%5:#6 filicelinnar |
| Locative | eGj%a|F filixë | eGj%aG,F5 filicissen | eGj%aG,F5 filicissen | eGj%aJ,F filicussë | eGj%aFj%,F filicelissë | eGj%aFj%,F5 filicelissen |
| Instrumental | eGj%f$5 filincen | eGj%aG5$5 filicinen | eGj%aG5$5 filicinen | eGj%aJ5$5 filicunen | eGj%aFj~B5$5 filicelínen | eGj%aFj~B5$5 filicelínen |
| Respective | eGj%aF8 filices | eGj%aG8 filicis | eGj%aG8 filicis | eGj%aJ8 filicus | eGj%aFj%8 filicelis | eGj%aFj%8 filicelis |
The locative of 5$j$1 nelet is 5$j$1R+ neletsë, but otherwise it is declined the same as the other three nouns.
>> Neo-Quenya >> Nouns >> Stem-forms