OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Orthopaedic Surgery/Anaesthesia

* Orthopaedic Surgery
* INTRODUCTION ·
* AUTHORS ·
* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ·
* NOTE TO AUTHORS
* 1.Basic Sciences ·
* 2.Upper Limb ·
* 3.Foot and Ankle ·
* 4.Spine ·
* 5.Hand and Microsurgery ·
* 6.Paediatric Orthopaedics ·
* 7.Adult Reconstruction ·
* 8.Sports Medicine ·
* 9.Musculoskeletal Tumours ·
* 10.Injury ·
* 11.Surgical Procedures ·
* 12.Rehabilitation ·
* 13.Practice
* Current Chapter: Basic Sciences
| | Anesthesia | |
| <<Intraoperative Considerations | Anesthesia | Spinal Cord Monitoring>> |
While beginning an incision following a bier block the patient states that he can feel you working. You ask for the local and inject to achieve a digital block and soon can proceed with appropriate patient comfort. The procedure complete the splint applied the tourniquet comes down, and low and behold the finger stays white.
This is not the right time to check the bottle, but alas as our assiduous adherence to the trust now one habits of residency slide we ask to see the bottle and note the red label marcaine with epinephrine. The nurse stares blankly as you ask her to fill out an incident report. Another nurse checks the card which indeed calls for plain marcaine.
The finger still pale sorry looking, accusatory, the adjacent fingers mocking in their robust post tourniquet rubor and pulchritudinous splendor. The mind ponders the best approach applying a dab of nitropaste, injecting a bit of papaverine and submerging the finger in warm water as the patient snores away sedated fortunately oblivious to the precarious state of his finger. Finally pink the pulp regains turgor and a bullet dodged.
We return alas to old habits and ask next time to be shown the bottle prior to injecting.
http://emj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/21/3/387
# Orthopaedic Surgery/Articular Tissues

Articular tissues
* Definition and Structure:
** Articular cartilage is a specialized connective tissue found in synovial joints.
** It consists of hyaline cartilage with a dense extracellular matrix (ECM).
** The ECM primarily contains collagen, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.
** Chondrocytes, specialized cells within the cartilage, are scattered throughout.
** Remarkably, articular cartilage lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissue.
* Function:
** The main role of articular cartilage is to provide an optimal surface for joint movement.
** It prevents friction between bones during articulation.
** Additionally, it facilitates the transmission of loads to the underlying bone.
* Clinical Importance:
** Articular cartilage injuries can lead to significant musculoskeletal dysfunction.
** Unfortunately, cartilage has limited healing ability, emphasizing the need for preservation.
# Pinyin/Rhinovirus

Rhinovirus ("rhino-" is from Greek, means "nose"), is the most common virus which causes the common cold. It is called rhinovirus, because it can infect nose and cause inflammation. Common symptoms include fever, runny nose, headache and etc. The temperature most suitable for its survival is between 33 ℃ and 35 ℃, which may explain why it is usually survive in the nose, because nasal cavity can be exposed to the outside cold air, therefore the temperature can be lower than of 37℃ of the body tenperature. Currently, according to the species of its surface protein, there are 99 kinds of rhinovirus have been discovered in the nature. It is just only 30nm in diameter, much smaller than other viruses (smallpox virus up to 300nm), is one of the smallest viruses.
Bíbìngdú (xuémíng: Rhinovirus, "rhino-" shì Xīlàwén "bí" de yìsī) shì zàochéng yībān gǎnmào de zuì chángjiàn bìngdú, yīnwèi tā huì gǎnrǎn bízi yǐnqǐ fāyán ér mìngmíng de. Chángjiàn de zhèngzhuàng yǒu fāshāo, liúbítì, tóutòng děng. Zuì shìhé tā shēngcún de wēndù zài 33℃ dào 35℃ zhījiān, zhè kěyǐ jiěshì tā wèishéme tōngcháng zài bízi lǐ shēngcún, yīnwèi bíqiāng huì jiēchù dào wàibù de lěng kōngqì, suǒyǐ wēndù huì bǐ tǐwēn de 37℃bǐ dī. Mùqián gēnjù qí biǎomiàn de dànbáizhì zhǒnglèi, yǐjīng fāxiànle 99 zhǒng bíbìngdú zài zìránjiè cúnzài. Tā de zhíjìng jǐnjǐn zhǐyǒu 30nm, bǐ qítā bìngdú xiǎo de duō (tiānhuā bìngdú kědá 300 nm), shì zuìxiǎo de bìngdú zhīyī.
# Pinyin/Rich

See also
# Pinyin/Rich In

See also
# Pinyin/Right

See also
# Pinyin/Rival

See also
# Skaneateles Conservation Area/Invasive species/Artemisia vulgaris
## Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort)

Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) is a common herbaceous perennial in the Asteraceae from Eurasia that spreads via both seeds and rhizomes to form dense stands in disturbed sites. Although individual plants are often easy to pull up, rhizomes remain in the ground and continue to propagate.
* ↑ New York Invasive Species Information (2021) Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort).

### Observations of Artemisia vulgaris at the SCA

The following photographs and corresponding iNaturalist observations of Artemisia vulgaris were made at or very near the Skaneateles Conservation Area. Click on images to enlarge and read details on Wikimedia Commons or on the "iNat obs" links to view the corresponding observations at iNaturalist.
All recorded mugwort observations thus far (as of Jul 2021) lie along the logging road between the capped landfill at the transfer station and Cargile's maple stand.
* Artemisia vulgaris at the SCA, 7 Sep 2015. iNat obs
* Artemisia vulgaris at the SCA, 7 Sep 2015. iNat obs
* Artemisia vulgaris at the SCA, 26 May 2017. iNat obs
* Artemisia vulgaris at the SCA, 8 Nov 2018. iNat obs
# Skaneateles Conservation Area/Invasive species/Adelgidae

The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae) is a native of Asia that infests and kills hemlock trees, including the eastern hemlock, which is a keystone species at the Skaneateles Conservation Area (SCA). The HWA is present in the vicinity of the SCA. It was documented at Baltimore Woods in Marcellus, within 2 miles to the east on January 19, 2022. HWA has not been documented at the SCA as of January 27, 2022, but there is a good chance that it is present. Monitoring and early treatment is important.
The balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae) is a native of Europe that infests and kills fir (Abies) trees. The North American balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) are thought to be most sensitive to this this insect. Of these two firs, only balsam fir is native to the northeast
| Family | | Common name | G | A | N | S | I | T | M | L | % | NY Rank | NY Tier | NY PRISM Tiers | NY PRISM Tiers | NY PRISM Tiers | NY PRISM Tiers | NY PRISM Tiers | NY PRISM Tiers | NY PRISM Tiers | NY PRISM Tiers | SCA Tier | BW Tier | CBG |
| Genus | Species | Common name | G | A | N | S | I | T | M | L | % | NY Rank | NY Tier | W | F | K | C | S | A | H | L | SCA Tier | BW Tier | CBG |
| Adelgidae | | adelgid family | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Adelges | Adelges tsugae | hemlock woolly adelgid | Y | – | X | 0 | X | T | M | P | – | High | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1a | 4 | ! |
| Adelges | Adelges piceae | balsam woolly adelgid | Y | – | 1 | Æ | 0 | T | M | – | – | Moderate | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | b | 4 | 1 | 1a | 1b | 1b | – |

## Adelges tsugae

Although the HWA (Adelges tsugae) is considered to be native to eastern Asia, it may have been present in western North America for thousands of years, feeding on western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), which is apparently more resistant to the HWA than eastern hemlocks. Predatory insects such as Laricobius nigrinus also help to keep western HWA under control and are being used experimentally on eastern HWA infestations.
The HWA is present in the vicinity of the SCA. It was documented at Baltimore Woods in Marcellus, within 2 miles to the east on January 19, 2022. HWA has not been documented at the SCA as of January 27, 2022, but there is a good chance that it is present. Monitoring and early treatment is important.

## Adelges piceae

* ↑ Finger Lakes PRISM (2022). Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Adelges piceae).
# Skaneateles Conservation Area/History

Most of the land making up the SCA is former agricultural land with only a small fraction, mostly the parts that are too steep or too wet, that have never been farmed. When farm land is abandoned, a succession of vegetation from surrounding areas moves in to fill the void. Some of what moves back in are native plants from surrounding forests, which puts the land on track to eventually become a healthy productive forest somewhat resembling the forest that it once was before being farmed.
The problem is that much of the vegetation that returns to the old agricultural fields consists of exotic plants (including trees, shrubs and herbs) that were never part the original forest and in fact evolved on other continents where they could be kept in check by the insects and other herbivores that they evolved with. The native herbivores of our area have not developed a taste for most of these exotics and probably could not survive on them if they did.
Many of our exotic plants were brought here and planted intentionally by early settlers and continued to be planted intentionally through the twentieth century, and were even planted, sold, and given away by the government for “conservation” plantings to provide habitat and prevent erosion.
As recently as this year the New York State nursery was selling European Viburnum opulus var. opulus (Guelder rose), selling it a “high-bush cranberry,” while New York also ranks it as invasive because it outcompetes and hybridized with native high-bush cranberries.
As a result of all this, much of the SCA, especially the part that was formerly the “Federal Farm” (a USDA experiment station and later a military training ground), has now been taken over by invasive trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, but with pockets of interesting native flora that should be saved if at all possible. This problem has become worse in recent years due to climate change and the amount of invasives present in surrounding properties.
# Skaneateles Conservation Area

* History
* Vegetation management
* Invasive species
** List of invasive or potentially invasive plants that could be found at the SCA
** List of invasive or potentially invasive animals that could be found at the SCA
** List of invasive or potentially invasive microorganisms that could be found at the SCA
* Trail marking
# Radiation Oncology/Performance scales

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials

## Karnofsky Performance Scale

* 100 - Normal; no complaints; no evidence of disease
* 90 - Able to carry on normal activity; minor signs or symptoms of disease
* 80 - Able to carry on normal activity with effort; some signs or symptoms of disease
* 70 - Cares for self; unable to carry on normal activity or do active work
* 60 - Requires occasional assistance but is able to care for most personal needs
* 50 - Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care
* 40 - Disable; requires special care and assistance
* 30 - Severely disabled; hospitalization is indicated although death not imminent
* 20 - Very sick; hospitalization necessary; active support treatment is necessary
* 10 - Moribund; fatal processes progressing rapidly
* 0 - Dead
* 1948: No PMID Full text — "The use of the nitrogen mustards in the palliative treatment of carcinoma." (Karnofsky DA, Cancer 1948;1(4):634-656)
** An early publication of the Karnofksy scale. Used to assess improvement in performance status following treatment.

## ECOG (Zubrod) Performance Scale

* 0 (Karnofsky 90-100) - Fully active; able to carry on all predisease activities without restriction
* 1 (Karnofsky 70-80) - Restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature. For example, light housework, office work.
* 2 (Karnofsky 50-60) - Ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work activities. Up and about more than 50% of waking hours.
* 3 (Karnofsky 30-40) - Capable of only limited self-care; confined to bed or chair 50% or more of waking hours.
* 4 (Karnofsky 10-20) - Completely disabled. Cannot carry on self-care. Totally confined to bed.
* 5 - Dead

## Lansky (Pediatric) Performance Scale

* 100 - Fully active, normal
* 90 - Minor restrictions in physically strenuous activity
* 80 - Active, but tires more quickly
* 70 - Both greater restriction of and less time spent in play activity
* 60 - Up and around, but minimal active play; keeps busy with quieter activities
* 50 - Gets dressed, but lies around much of the day; no active play, able to participate in all quiet play and activities.
* 40 - Mostly in bed; participates in quiet activities
* 30 - In bed; needs assistance even for quiet play
* 20 - Often sleeping; play entirely limited to very passive activities
* 10 - No play; does not get out of bed
# Radiation Oncology/Physical Oncology

* Physical oncology (PO) is defined as the study of the role of mechanical signals in a cancerous tumor
** The mechanical signals can be forces, pressures ("pull", "push" and "shear" designating the forces / pressures that push, pull or are tangential)
* A cancerous tumor (or "solid tumor" in the jargon of oncologists to differentiate them from hematological malignancies) is an organ consisting of two tissues
** In the center the cancerous tumor proper and around the ExtraCellular Matrix (ECM), sometimes called stroma, chorion or connective tissue
** The cancerous tissue is derived from a normal tissue of the body: breast cancer arises from a cancerous transformation of the normal mammary glandular tissue
# Radiation Oncology/Peds/Germ cell

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
> Radiation Oncology/Peds/Brain tumors

## Epidemiology

Rare. 1% of all CNS tumors.

## Pathology

* Germinomas - 60% of intracranial germ cell tumors
    Histologically identical to testicular germinoma.

## Workup

Secreting germinomas may secrete AFP and B-HCG in serum and CSF. MRI of brain and spine.
# Radiation Oncology/Physics/AAPM

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM)

## AAPM Reports

Listing of AAPM Reports
Task Groups:
* TG 34 (PDF) - "Management of Radiation Oncology Patients with Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers" (Reprinted from Medical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 1) (1994)
* TG 36 (PDF) - Fetal Dose from Radiotherapy with Photon Beams
* TG 40 (PDF) - Comprehensive QA for Radiation Oncology
* TG 43 (PDF) - Dosimetry of Interstitial Brachytherapy Sources (1995)
** Update of formalism and source characterizations (PDF)
** Impact of implementation on prostate doses (PDF)
* TG 60 - Intravascular Brachytherapy Physics
* TG 63 (PDF) - Dosimetric considerations for patients with HIP prostheses undergoing pelvic irradiation
* TG 65 (AAPM 85) - Tissue Inhomogeneity Corrections (PDF, 2004)
TG 43 (Dosimetry of Interstitial Brachytherapy Sources)
* Introduction: New formalism needed due to significant variance in exposure rate constants, and due to difficulty of accurately calculating 2D dose distribution in tissue due to significant anisotropy of actual cylindrical brachytherapy sources
* Description of sources: Iridium-192, Iodine-125, Palladium-103
* Recommended dose calculation formalism:
** Historically: Dose rate = A * f * Γ * 1/r$^2$ * T(r) * Φ
** New: Dose rate = S$_k$ * Λ * G(r,θ)/G(r0,θ0) * g(r) * F(r,θ)
*** S$_k$: air kerma strength, usually specified at 1 m, unit defined by U (μGy m$^2$ h$^{-1}$
*** Λ: dose rate constant, defined as dose rate to water at a distance 1 cm on the transverse axis
*** G(r,θ): geometry factor, accounts for variation of relative dose due only to spatial distribution of activity within the source, ignoring photon absorption and scattering
*** g(r): radial dose function, accounts for effects of absorption and scatter in the medium along the transverse axis of the source
*** F(r,θ): anisotropy function, accounts for anisotropy of dose distribution around the source, including the effects of absorption and scatter in the medium
*** Reference point (r0, θ0): lies on transverse bisector of the source, at a distance of 1 cm from its center
** Recommended dosimetry parameters provided for I-125, Ir-192, and Pd-103
# Radiation Oncology/Peds/Protons

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Proton Therapy and Pediatric Tumors
* Craniopharyngioma
* Medulloblastoma
* Low grade glioma
# Radiation Oncology/Peds/Hepatoblastoma

* Uncommon malignant liver cancer occurring in infants and children and composed of tissue resembling fetal liver cells, mature liver cells, or bile duct cells
* Originate from immature liver precursor cells, are typically unifocal, affect the right lobe of the liver more often than the left lobe, and can metastasize
* Children who have familial adenomatous polyposis of the colon and rectum are high risk for hepatoblastoma
* Usually present with an abdominal mass and most commonly diagnosed during a child's first three years of life
* Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are commonly elevated
* Surgical removal of the tumor, adjuvant chemotherapy prior to tumor removal, and liver transplantation have been used for treatment
* Radiotherapy may be used when microscopic disease is seen at the resection margins (usually 1200-2000 cGy)
* Primary liver transplantation provides high, long term, disease-free survival rate in the range of 80%
* Presence of metastases is the strongest predictor of a poor prognosis
# Riemann Hypothesis/Appendix
## Theorem 1

For all integers, $n>1$,
    $\int _{[0,1]^{n}}{\frac {1}{1-\prod _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {d} x_{i}=\zeta (n)$

## Proof

Using the power series of $(1-x)^{-1}$,
    $\int _{[0,1]^{n}}{\frac {1}{1-\prod _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {d} x_{i}=\int _{[0,1]^{n}}\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }\left(\prod _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\right)^{j}\prod _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {d} x_{i}$
Evaluating,
    $=\int _{[0,1]^{n}}\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }\prod _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{j}\mathrm {d} x_{i}$
    $=\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }\prod _{i=1}^{n}\int _{0}^{1}x_{i}^{j}\mathrm {d} x_{i}$
Evaluating the integral,
    $=\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }\prod _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{j+1}}$
Evaluating the product,
    $=\sum _{j=1}^{\infty }\prod _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{j}}$
    $=\sum _{j=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{j^{n}}}$
Using the definition of the zeta function that holds only for $\Re n>1$,
    $\int _{[0,1]^{n}}{\frac {1}{1-\prod _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}}}\prod _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {d} x_{i}=\sum _{j=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{j^{n}}}=\zeta (n)$ for all integers $n>1$ $\blacksquare$

## Note

It can be noted that,
    $\int _{0}^{1}{\frac {1}{1-x}}\mathrm {d} x$
fails to converge, as $-\lim _{x\to 1}\log(1-x)=\infty$.
# Riemann Hypothesis/Introduction to the Zeta function
## Definition 1

    $\zeta (s):=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }n^{-s}\,\forall s\in \mathbb {C} :\Re (s)>1$

## Theorem 1

    $\zeta (s)=\prod _{p|{\text{prime}}}{\frac {1}{1-p^{-s}}}$
Where $\prod _{p|{\text{prime}}}$ denotes a product over the primes.

## Proof

Note that,
    ${\frac {1}{2^{s}}}\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{2^{s}}}+{\frac {1}{4^{s}}}+{\frac {1}{6^{s}}}\ldots$
And hence,
    $\left(1-{\frac {1}{2^{s}}}\right)\zeta (s)=1+{\frac {1}{3^{s}}}+{\frac {1}{5^{s}}}\ldots$
One will notice that every other term has been removed. It then follows that,
    ${\frac {1}{3^{s}}}\left(1-{\frac {1}{2^{s}}}\right)\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{3^{s}}}+{\frac {1}{9^{s}}}+{\frac {1}{15^{s}}}\ldots$
Subtracting,
    $\left(1-{\frac {1}{3^{s}}}\right)\left(1-{\frac {1}{2^{s}}}\right)\zeta (s)=1+{\frac {1}{5^{s}}}+{\frac {1}{7^{s}}}+{\frac {1}{11^{s}}}\ldots$
One may notice that this process sieves the RHS, meaning that,
    $\left(\prod _{p|{\text{prime}}}1-p^{-s}\right)\zeta (s)=1$
It therefore follows that,
    $\zeta (s)=\prod _{p|{\text{prime}}}{\frac {1}{1-p^{-s}}}$ $\blacksquare$

## Theorem 2

    $\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {t^{s-1}}{e^{t}-1}}\mathrm {d} t$
Multiplying the integrand through ${\frac {e^{-t}}{e^{-t}}}$,
    $\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {e^{-t}t^{s-1}}{1-e^{-t}}}\mathrm {d} t$
Writing $(1-e^{-t})^{-1}$ as a power series,
    $\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-t}t^{s-1}\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }e^{-nt}\mathrm {d} t$
    $\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }e^{-nt}t^{s-1}\mathrm {d} t$
Using the substitution $\xi =nt\implies {\frac {1}{n}}\mathrm {d} \xi =\mathrm {d} t$
    $\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }e^{-\xi }\left({\frac {\xi }{n}}\right)^{s-1}{\frac {1}{n}}\mathrm {d} \xi$
    $\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{s}}}e^{-\xi }\xi ^{s-1}\mathrm {d} \xi$
Using properties of infinite series',
    $\zeta (s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s)}}\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{s}}}\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-\xi }\xi ^{s-1}\mathrm {d} \xi$
By the definition of the $\Gamma$ function,
    $\implies \zeta (s)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{s}}}$
Which is true by definition. $\blacksquare$
# Rich Internet Applications for SLA Research/FlashComm Database Interaction Start
## Setting Up AMFPHP

As in the example of basic database interaction, the AMFPHP scripts from http://www.amfphp.org should be unzipped, and the gateway.php file should be placed in a directory of the web server. Also, the AMFPHP flashservices folder should be installed within the cgi-bin directory. Then, a subfolder which will be accessed by the Flash movie (for login purposes) and the FlashComm application (for saving chat text) should be created. Into this subfolder should be placed gateway.php; normally, this file should not require any editing. For this tutorial, the subfolder will be named AMFPHPChat.
In the AMFPHPChat folder, a subfolder named services should be created. The services folder will contain the PHP file that accesses the database on behalf of both the Flash movie and the FlashComm application. For this sample application, a file named DBServices.php should be created and the following code should be placed within it using a basic text editor (Notepad on Windows, vi or emacs on UNIX/LINUX, for example).
NEXT: FlashComm Database Interaction: Flash Movie
# Rich Internet Applications for SLA Research/Required Foreknowledge

This section of this book presumes familiarity with the technologies laid out in the Overview.

# Necessary Skills and Knowledge

In general, researchers wishing to build RIAs for their research should be enthusiastic amateurs. Among the most important skills required in order to understand, use, and modify the following sample applications are...
* familiarity with the Flash MX 2004 authoring environment and with the ActionScript programming language
* access to and familiarity with a Flash Communication Server (FlashComm), including the documentation included with a FlashComm installation (see Resources, below)
* access to and familiarity with a web hosting service that includes PHP and MySQL; a hosting service that includes the PhpMyAdmin web interface for MySQL management is optimal
* intermediate knowledge of PHP scripting (view Wikibook), including MySQL-related functions (view Wikibook)
* intermediate knowledge of general database design
* experience using a file-transfer protocol (FTP) program

# Resources
## Flash MX 2004

A trial version of Flash MX 2004, including tutorial and documentation, may be downloaded from http://www.macromedia.com/software/flash/.

## Flash Communication Server

The FlashComm Documentation page (http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashcom/) includes the following essential documents (HTML and Adobe Acrobat format):
* Developing Communication Applications
* Client-Side Communication ActionScript Dictionary
* Server-Side Communication ActionScript Dictionary

## PHP

There is a PHP Wikibook. In addition, the main page for PHP development and related links, such as tutorials, is http://www.php.net.

## MySQL

The PHP Wikibook covers PHP-MySQL interaction. The main page for the MySQL corporation is http://www.mysql.com/; the main page for developers is http://dev.mysql.com, and the main page for phpMyAdmin is http://www.phpmyadmin.net/.