OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Handbook of Management Scales/Word of mouth
## Word of mouth (AVE = 0.79; CR = 0.90)
### Description

A previously used scale by Maxham & Netemeyer (2002) was adapted to measure word of mouth.

### Items

* I’m likely to say good things about this company. (0.79)
* I would recommend this company to my friends and relatives. (0.79)
* If my friends were looking for a new company of this type, I would tell them to try this place. (0.87)

### Source

* Walsh & Beatty (2007): Customer-based Corporate Reputation of a Service Firm: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 127-143.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Uniqueness
## Uniqueness (composite reliability = 0.76)
### Description

Survey items were developed from commonly accepted theoretical definitions and were partially influenced by the efforts of other researchers. The authors used past research to obtain general insights about the constructs as opposed to specific items. Business school professors and doctoral students who were familiar with the literature on which the empirical measures were based or who had expertise in survey design critically assessed the content validity of each item. The instrument was then pilot-tested with 30 responses from executives who had been involved in similar types of partnerships. Results from the pilot sample enabled the authors to purify the measures.

### Definition

Technological uniqueness refers to the current prevalence of a technology within an industry.

### Items

* Many of our competitors had fundamentally similar technology. (R)
* There were a limited number of organizations that possessed this technology.
* Few credible substitutes competed with this technology.
* This specific technology was common within the industry. (R)

### Source

* Steensma/Corley (2000): On the performance of technology-sourcing partnerships: The interaction between partner interdependence and technology attributes. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1045-1067.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Usefulness
## Usefulness (alpha = 0.926)
### Description

Nearly all prior studies on the technology acceptance model (TAM) have used Likert scales to measure the model’s constructs. In the research a semantic differential scale was developed for the TAM components ease of use and usefulness. The results confirm that the constructs that are measured by the semantic differential scale are psychometrically equivalent to those that are measured by the Likert scales. The relationship among these constructs was unchanged, providing strong evidence for nomological validity.

### Definition

Perceived usefulness is defined as the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance.

### Items

To aid me in my (accomplishment of tasks), overall, I feel (system) as a (technology type) is:
* Efficient/inefficient.
* Performance enhancing/performance degrading.
* Productivity increasing/productivity decreasing.
* Effective/ineffective.
* Helpful/unhelpful.
* Quite useful/quite useless.

### Source

* Chin et al. (2008): A Fast Form Approach to Measuring Technology Acceptance and Other Constructs. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 687-703.

### Related Scales

* Consensus on appropriation
* Ease of use
* Faithfulness of appropriation
# Handbook of Management Scales/Utility
## Utility (alpha > 0.70)
### Description

A multidimensional measure of feedback orientation is developed and validated. This feedback orientation scale (FOS) was developed and refined using two pilot studies and two focal studies. Across these studies, substantial support was found for a four-dimension FOS scale. The four dimensions are utility, accountability, social awareness, and feedback self-efficacy. Study 1 found substantial support for the reliability and validity of the scale. Study 2 provided support for the generalizability of results to a field sample, with five of the six hypotheses retested being supported.

### Definition

Feedback orientation is defined as an individual’s overall receptivity to feedback.
Utility is defined as an individual’s tendency to believe that feedback is instrumental in achieving goals or obtaining desired outcomes at work.

### Items

Administer these items using a 5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
* Feedback contributes to my success at work.
* To develop my skills at work, I rely on feedback.
* Feedback is critical for improving performance.
* Feedback from supervisors can help me advance in a company.
* I find that feedback is critical for reaching my goals.

### Source

* Linderbaum/Levy (2010): The Development and Validation of the Feedback Orientation Scale (FOS). Journal of Management, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 1372-1405.

### Related Scales

* Accountability
* Feedback
* Feedback self-efficacy
* Social awareness
# Handbook of Management Scales/Transaction-specific supplier development activities
## Transaction-specific supplier development activities (alpha = 0.823)
### Items

* Assessment of supplier's performance through formal evaluation, using established guidelines and procedures.
* Use of a supplier certification program to certify supplier's quality, thus making incoming inspection unnecessary.
* Site visits by your firm to supplier's premises to help supplier improve its performance.
* Inviting supplier's personnel to your site to increase their awareness of how their product is used.
* Recognition of supplier's achievements/performance in the form of awards.
* Training/education of the supplier's personnel.

### Source

* Krause (1999): The antecedents of buying firms' efforts to improve suppliers. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp 205–224.
# Handbook of Management Scales/Worker expertise
## Worker expertise (alpha = 0.734, CR = 0.736, AVE = 0.482)
### Description

The article examines three factors of intellectual capital: Worker expertise, information sharing quality, and team psychological safety.
The 5-point Likert-type scale for worker expertise was developed from previous literature in order to assure content validity. Items were taken from Snell/Dean (1992) and Subramaniam/Youndt (2005).

### Definition

Worker expertise reflects the relevant experience and skill owned by individuals within a project team.

### Items

* Implementation team members were highly skilled.
* Implementation team members were considered among the best people in the organization.
* Implementation team members were experts in their particular jobs and functions.
* Each individual on the implementation team had useful experience. (dropped after confirmatory factor analysis)

### Source

* Lee et al. (2011): The roles of worker expertise, information sharing quality, and psychological safety in manufacturing process innovation: An intellectual capital perspective. Production and Operations Management, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 556–570

### Comments

The AVE value was below 0.5 and is, thus, too low.
# Haskell/Solutions/Category theory
## Which law implies transitivity?

Formally, transitivity of a partial order is defined as: for any $a$, $b$, and $c$ if $a<b$ and $b<c$ then $a<c$. In the category defined by a partial order this translates to: for any objects $a$, $b$, and $c$ if there exist morphisms $a\to b$ and $b\to c$ then there exists a morphism $a\to c$. This is guaranteed by the second law of categories, i.e., that they are closed under composition. Indeed, the last morphism is a composition of the first two.

## Why does adding an arrow break category laws?

Let's consider what must be the result of the compositions $h\circ g$ and $g\circ f$. Notice that since $h:B\to A$ and $g:A\to B$ then $h\circ g:A\to A$ and given that there is only one morphism from $A$ to $A$, namely $\operatorname {id} _{A}$, it follows that $h\circ g=\operatorname {id} _{A}$. Using similar reasoning we can show that $g\circ f=\operatorname {id} _{B}$.
Now, let us consider the composition $(h\circ g)\circ f$; substituting $h\circ g=\operatorname {id} _{A}$ into it yields $\operatorname {id} _{A}\circ f$, which can be simplified to $f$ using the third law of categories. However, the first law of categories states that this composition should be equal to $h\circ (g\circ f)=h\circ \operatorname {id} _{B}=h$, yet $f\neq h$.
# Haskell/Solutions/GADT

← Back to GADT

## Safe Lists

* Exercises
* Is it possible to implement a safeTail function? If so, how?
TODO
# Haskell/Solutions/Alternative and MonadPlus

← Back to Alternative and MonadPlus
1.
2.
Another way to do this using Alternative:
3.
# Haskell/RegExp

* RegExp (Solutions)
* Specialised Tasks
* Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
* Databases
* Working with XML
* Parsing mathematical expressions
* Writing a basic type checker
Good tutorials where to start
* serpentine.com
* Regular Expressions (Haskell Wiki)
* RegExp
* Solutions to exercises
* Specialised Tasks
* Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
* >> Databases
* >> Working with XML
* >> Parsing mathematical expressions
* >> Writing a basic type checker
* Haskell
* Haskell Basics
* >> Elementary Haskell
* >> Intermediate Haskell
* >> Monads
* Advanced Haskell
* >> Fun with Types
* >> Wider Theory
* >> Haskell Performance
* Libraries Reference
* >> General Practices
* >> Specialised Tasks
# Haskell/SYB

* SYB (Solutions)
* General Practices
* Debugging
* Testing
* Packaging your software (Cabal)
* Using the Foreign Function Interface (FFI)
* Generic programming: Scrap your boilerplate
The "Scrap your boilerplate" approach, "described" in , is a way to allow your data structures to be traversed by so-called "generic" functions: that is, functions that abstract over the specific data constructors being created or modified, while allowing for the addition of cases for specific types.
For instance if you want to serialize all the structures in your code, but you want to write only one serialization function that operates over any instance of the Data.Data.Data class (which can be derived with -XDeriveDataTypeable).

## Serialization Example

The goal is to convert all our data into a format below:

## Comparing Haskell ASTs

The haskell-src-exts package parses Haskell into a quite complicated syntax tree. Let's say we want to check if two source files that are nearly identical are equivalent.
To start:
From a bit of testing, it will be apparent that identical files with different names will not be equal to (==). However, to correct the fact, without resorting to lots of boilerplate, we can use generic programming:

## TODO

describe using Data.Generics.Twins.gzip*? to write a function to find where there are differences?
Or use it to write a variant of geq that ignores the specific cases that are unimportant (the SrcLoc elements) (i.e. syb doesn't allow generic extension... contrast it with other libraries?).
Or just explain this hack (which worked well enough) to run before (==), or geq::
Or can we develop this into writing something better than sim_mira (for hs code), found here: http://dickgrune.com/Programs/similarity_tester/
* SYB
* Solutions to exercises
* General Practices
* Debugging
* >> Testing
* >> Packaging your software (Cabal)
* >> Using the Foreign Function Interface (FFI)
* >> Generic programming: Scrap your boilerplate
* Haskell
* Haskell Basics
* >> Elementary Haskell
* >> Intermediate Haskell
* >> Monads
* Advanced Haskell
* >> Fun with Types
* >> Wider Theory
* >> Haskell Performance
* Libraries Reference
* >> General Practices
* >> Specialised Tasks
# Haskell/Solutions/Denotational semantics

← Back to Denotational semantics
* Exercises
* Prove that power2 is strict. While one can base the proof on the "obvious" fact that power2 n is $2^{n}$, the latter is preferably proven using fixed point iteration.
Remember that:
First, we need to consider whether ⊥ - 1 is ⊥ or not. Using similar reasoning to the ⊥ + 1 case, we can determine that ⊥ - 1 is indeed ⊥. From there, we know that power2 ⊥ is 2 * power2 ⊥. Since this recurses indefinitely, it is equivalent to ⊥.
# General Topology/Order topology and semicontinuity

Definition (order topology):
Let $(S,\leq )$ be poset. The order topology on $S$ is the topology which has as a subbasis the sets
    $(a,b):=\{x\in S|a<x<b\}$.
Proposition (half-open intervals on lattices form a topology base):
Let $(S,\leq )$ be a lattice. Then the sets
    $(a,b):=\{x\in S|a<x<b\}$
form a $\pi$-system; in particular, they form a topology base.
Proof: We have
    $(a,b)\cap (c,d)=(a\vee c,b\wedge d)$. $\Box$
Theorem (Weierstraß-type theorem):
Let $X$ be a compact topological space, and let $(S,\leq )$ be a lattice. Let $f:X\to S$ be continuous with respect to the order topology on $S$. Then $f(X)$ is bounded in $S$.
Proof: The sets
    $f^{-1}((a,b))$
form an open cover of $X$, where $a,b$ range over $S$. By compactness, we may find a finite subcover
    $X=f^{-1}((a_{1},b_{1}))\cup \cdots \cup f^{-1}((a_{n},b_{n}))$.
But
    $(a_{1},b_{1})\cup \cdots \cup (a_{n},b_{n})\subseteq (a_{1}\wedge \cdots \wedge a_{n},b_{1}\vee \cdots \vee b_{n})$,
so that $f$ maps every point in $X$ into the latter interval. $\Box$
# General Topology/Pointed spaces and support

Definition (pointed topological space):
A pointed topological space is a pair $(X,x_{0})$ where $X$ is a topological space and $x_{0}\in X$.
Definition (morphism of pointed topological spaces):
A morphism of pointed topological spaces $(X,x_{0})$, and $(Y,y_{0})$ is a continuous function $f:X\to Y$ such that $f(x_{0})=y_{0}$.
Definition (support):
Let $f:Z\to X$ be a continuous map, where $x_{0}\in X$ is a distinguished point. Then the support of $f$ is defined to be
    $\operatorname {supp} f:={\overline {X\setminus f^{-1}(x_{0})}}$.
Often, $X$ is a topological magma with identity, and $x_{0}$ is the identity. For instance, $X=\mathbb {R}$ and $0\in \mathbb {R}$ would be a possibility.
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Brian Jermyn Masters
### Brian Jermyn Masters

A comprehensive biography of Brian Jermyn Masters has not yet been prepared for this Wikibook, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Research - Brian Jermyn Masters - Summary of research to date
* Transcriptions and Notes - Brian Jermyn Masters - More than 40 transcriptions
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Brian Jermyn Masters - Nothing uploaded as yet, but many relevant QSLs held
* Incubator of Wikipedia Article on Brian Jermyn Masters - Coming real soon now!
Key internet links:
Maxwell Hull, VK3ZS, Federal Historical Section WIA: biography "Walter Francis Maxwell Howden" in "Amateur Radio" of October 1983
Neville Williams' biography in "When I think Back . . ." section of Electronics Australia of December 1996
Tribute page by Andrew (current 3BQ callsign holder) "A3BQ (VK3BQ) a Very Historic callsign." (includes several other links)
* ↑ https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-AUSTRALIA/IDX/Amateur-Radio/80s/Amateur-Radio-AU-1983628.pdf
* ↑ http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/NW199612.pdf
* ↑ https://www.vk3bq.com/2014/10/29/a3bq-vk3bq-callsign/
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Archie Francis Marshall

Archie Francis Marshall was a prominent amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, amateur club participant from the late 1920s through to his passing in 1982. A blacksmith by trade, he expand the family business into fitting and turning. His station callsign was 4AF (4=Queensland, A=Archie, F=Francis) and he operated from Clifton, Queensland. A summary biography has not yet been prepared however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Transcriptions and Notes - Archie Francis Marshall - More than 50 transcriptions and notes
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Archie Francis Marshall - Nothing uploaded as yet
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Arthur Edwyn Walz

Arthur Edwyn or Edgar Walz was a prominent amateur operator, amateur broadcaster, amateur club administrator in the late 1920s and early 1930s. His station callsign was 4AW (4=Queensland, A=Arthur, W=Walz) and he operated from Brisbane, Queensland. He learned the plumbing trade in his father's business, but eventually transitioned his hobby into a radio repair business. A summary biography has not yet been prepared however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Transcriptions and Notes - Arthur Edwyn or Edgar Walz - More than 350 transcriptions and notes
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Arthur Edwyn or Edgar Walz - Nothing uploaded as yet (several QSL cards held)
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Allan Galbraith Hull

Allan Galbraith Hull was a prominent radio journalist and magazine manager in Australia during the late 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. He took over editorship of the Wireless Weekly in the late 1920s from his well known brother Ross Amos Hull upon the latter's departure to the United States. He continued in that role throughout the 1930s. However, during that period, Wireless Weekly had evolved from a largely technical publication into primarily a radio programme guide. Filling the absence of technical content in Wireless Weekly, from May 1936, a competitor had arisin in Australasian Radio World. Finally in 1939, Wireless Weekly spun off a new publication Radio and Hobbies to meet the need for technical content and Hull's editorial duties were extended to include this magazine also. Hull was dissatisfied with the amount of his time subsumed in non-technical duties. When Australasian Radio World began to fail at the end of 1939, Hull entered into negotiations with Alfred Earl Read and his business partner. Purchase was successfully completed in early 1940 and Hull commenced as owner, publisher and editor of Australasian Radio World from March 1940.
A summary biography has not yet been prepared however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Arthur Nelson Stephens
### Arthur Nelson Stephens

Arthur Nelson Stephens was a prominent coastal radio operator, amateur operator, amateur broadcaster and amateur club administrator in the mid 1910s to mid 1920s and early 1930s, and ultimately senior state public servant. His station callsign was 4CG (4=Queensland, C,G allocated sequentially) and he operated from Brisbane, Queensland. A summary biography has not yet been prepared however the following resources have been assembled in preparation:
* Transcriptions and Notes - Arthur Nelson Stephens - More than 50 transcriptions and notes
* Photos, QSL cards and other graphics - Arthur Nelson Stephens - Nothing uploaded as yet
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Arthur Nelson Stephens/Notes
## Arthur Nelson Stephens - Transcriptions and notes
### 1910s
#### 1910
##### 1910 12
#### 1911
##### 1911 12
#### 1912
##### 1912 12
#### 1913
##### 1913 12
#### 1914
##### 1914 12
#### 1915
##### 1915 12
#### 1916
##### 1916 12
#### 1917
##### 1917 02

Social page announcement of impending marriage of 4CG1
   From Near and Far. . . . Mr. and Mrs. Harry Bracker and their daughters, who have been residing in Toowoomba for the past twelve months, are returning to Brisbane about April. Miss Nellie Bracker's marriage to Mr. A. N. Stephens (engineer for the wireless station, Pinkenba) takes place shortly.

##### 1917 12
#### 1918
##### 1918 12
#### 1919
##### 1919 12
### 1920s
#### 1929
##### 1929 01
##### 1929 12
### 1930s
#### 1939
##### 1939 01
##### 1939 12
### 1940s
#### 1949
##### 1949 01
##### 1949 12
### 1950s
#### 1952
##### 1952 01
##### 1952 06

4CG reminisces about his early days in wireless
   SOUTHPORT ROTARY. Last night at the weekly Rotary Club dinner, at Theodore's Cafe, President Mal Burke reported that with a number of officers and Rotarians he had visited Beenleigh the previous evening when they met a number of citizens of that town who were desirous of forming a Rotary club. A couple of hours was spent in explaining the aims and objects of Rotary, and as the result of the visit it is more than likely, within the next couple of weeks, a move will be made for the formation of a Provisional Rotary Club at Beenleigh. The guest speaker of the evening was Mr. A. N. Stephens who gave a very interesting account of the introduction of wireless into Australia about 1911, by the then Prime Minister (Mr. Andrew Fisher), and his (the speaker's) association with wireless some 40 years ago. Mr. Stephens outlined the progress of wireless during the years, and at the end of his informative address he was accorded a hearty vote of thanks moved by Rotarian E. J. Gaven, and carried by acclamation.

##### 1952 12
#### 1953
##### 1953 12
#### 1954
##### 1954 12
#### 1955
##### 1955 12
#### 1956
##### 1956 12
#### 1957
##### 1957 12
#### 1958
##### 1958 12
#### 1959
##### 1959 12
### 1960s
#### 1969
##### 1969 01
##### 1969 12
### 1970s
#### 1979
##### 1979 01
##### 1979 12
### 1980s
#### 1989
##### 1989 01
##### 1989 12
### 1990s
#### 1999
##### 1999 01
##### 1999 12
### 2000s
#### 2009
##### 2009 01
##### 2009 12
### 2010s
#### 2019
##### 2019 01
##### 2019 12
### 2020s
#### 2029
##### 2029 01
##### 2029 12
## References

* ↑ "From Near and Far". National Leader (Queensland, Australia): p. 5. 9 February 1917. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article132397182.
* ↑ "N.S.W. REMOVES BUILDING RESTRICTIONS.". South Coast Bulletin (Queensland, Australia) , (1532): p. 11. 25 June 1952. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article225644377. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
# Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories/Vehicles

* Cabbie
* Idaho
* Kuruma
* Leone sentinel
* MoonBeam
* Patriot
* PCJ-600 A moterbike.
* Police
* Sanchez A moterbike.
* Sentinel
* Taxi
* Yakuza stinger