OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ruy Lopez: Berlin Defence, Fishing Pole Variation
### 4...Ng4

With 4...Ng4, Black enters the Fishing Pole Variation. Here, the logical move is 5.h3 to attack the knight. Black can then set up a trap by playing 5...h5, creating the so-called fishing pole of the Fishing Pole Variation: the h3-pawn is the fish, the g4-knight is the bait, and the h5-pawn is the hook. Black is trying to tempt White to play 6.hxg4; White can sidestep the trap by simply continuing to develop normally, allowing them a comfortable advantage.
If White falls for the trap by playing 6.hxg4, then 6...hxg4, opening the h-file and attacking the f3-knight. Here, the best plan for White is to allow the knight to be captured. White should play either 7.c3 or 7.Bxc6, disallowing Black's knight from moving to d4 to attack f3. Black has an advantage due to the weakness of White's kingside.
If 7.Nh2 instead, intending to save the knight, then 7...Qh4 is crushing. 7.Ne1 loses even faster.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O Ng4
| | 5 |
| Fishing Pole | h3 h5 | hxg4 hxg4 | Ne1 Qh4 | - |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Ruy Lopez:Open Game

4.O-O is the most common reply to the Berlin Defence. This move protects the king by moving it out of the center. It also brings the rook closer to the center. If 4...Nxe4, then 5.Re1, and when the knight retreats, e5 falls after 6.Nxe5. If Black plays 4...Be7 (a rare reply), White should also play 5.Re1, preventing the threat of 5...Nxe4 6.Re1 Nd6; if 7.Nxe5, there is 7... Nxb5.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
    1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O
| | 4 |
| Open Ruy Lopez | ... Nxe4 | = |
| | ... d6 | = |
| | ... Bc5 | = |
| | ... Ng4 | = |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Chrono Trigger/Walkthrough/Chapter 21

Chapter 21: What Lies Beyond? (12,000 B.C. second time)

## The Magic Kingdom Revisited

This is your last chance to revisit the magic kingdom of Zeal before it crashes into the earth. Before you move on, make sure you've already:
* Get the two tabs in Kajar, one in the corner of the room facing the bookshelf, and one by scratching the Nu after learning his scratch point in Zeal palace
* Visit the two secret rooms in Enhasa and Kajar by opening the books in the order: Water-Wind-Fire. One will give you a black rock, and one will let you fight six Nus for some Tabs.
* Talk to the girl who was ordered to destroy the sapling in Enhasa and tell her to secretly plant it, Fiona will have the sapling in 600 A.D. and it will activate the sunken desert sidequest.
On your way back to Zeal Palace, stop by the city of Kajar and talk to the Nu running the shop. He'll ask you if the pendant you have is really Schala's, if you say yes he'll say he hates liars, if you say no, he'll sell you the best weapons and armor currently available.
Head into Zeal Palace, where the Mammon Machine will have been taken away to the Ocean Palace underground. You'll get into a fight with Dalton, who's embarrassingly easy. Your only danger is being lulled into a false sense of complacency. The only attack he'll use on you is the Iron Orb, which lowers your HP by 1/2. He'll use it periodically and counter with it when you attack him. Since it only lowers your HP by 1/2 you should be fine, but once you actually work through his 3000 HP or so, he'll finish off with the same technique the Golems used and do a "burp" attack which may deal around 125 damage to each party member. Have someone like Robo or Frog heal regularly to keep the party above a low health level, and you should be fine. Dalton will disappear to the Ocean Palace, and what looks like a time gate will replace him. It'll turn out to be an elevator taking you underground, so it's time to move on.

## Challenging Lavos

If you go back and challenge Lavos at this point, you should get The Prophet Ending. There will be a few scenes involving "the Prophet" from this period and particularly nice speech from him, hinting that he would have gotten the chance to do what he wanted without your interference.
Continue to Chapter 22: Lavos Beckons (12,000 B.C. second time)
# Chrono Trigger/Walkthrough/Chapter 5

Chapter 5: The Trial (1000 A.D. second time)

## Guardia Prison

You'll regain control after the trial locked in prison, with your only company a save point and some ethers if you were lucky. You have two choices on how to escape at this point:
* Wait out the three days until your execution. It'll take about one minute of real time. Lucca will show up to rescue you and knock all of the guards out. You'll be able to start exploring much farther into the dungeon and all the guards will be knocked out, plus Lucca will be in your party.
* Rattle the gate three times, and knock the guard out when he comes to beat you up. You'll have more enemies to fight and can win some mid tonics from the guards.
I'll assume you'll take the long way by breaking out yourself for now. Fight the other guard and use the cup in your cell if you need to restore your health. Head straight to the east and across a bridge to find a single guard guarding a cell. Knock him out from behind and take the chests inside. An Omnicrone will fight you afterwards. Head back to the room with the blue shields, make sure you wait until they turn to one side before attacking. The upper left exit doesn't have much, so try the upper right. Fight the guards on the bridge, and try to sneak past the guards and knock them out for some mid tonics. Knock out the three guards, and open the gate and make sure you free Fritz from the guillotine. Incidentally, if you chose to let Lucca break you out, this is the point where you'll start.
Pick up some treasure in the next room, then head back and go through the left passage. You'll come to another set of four stairways. The bottom left stairway will offer a few treasures, and the top left stairway will allow you to climb outside the castle wall. Climb down until you see an opening, to get into a locked cell you couldn't reach before. Enter the pit at the top left to gain a lode sword. Make sure to equip it. Head all the way back out and go to the top right stairway. You'll be out of the dungeon and back in the grey walls of the castle. Fight a couple guards, then Lucca will show up to knock out a guard if she didn't join you already. Search his body for a bunch of mid tonics, save, then get ready to face a boss, the dragon tank.
You'll need to kill the head first to stop it from constantly healing the wheels and body, then concentrate on the wheels, then body itself. This can be a tough fight at low levels, try to use those mid tonics you picked up and keep your hp above 30. Once the head is gone, try using the fire wheel dual tech on the body for greater damage.
After the boss fight, you'll run over the chancellor, and be chased by Guardia's men to the exit of the castle. Marle will join you and leave her home, and you'll end up trapped in a corner of a forest, where a time gate offers you an unpredictable escape route. You decide to take it and vanish off into the unknown.

## Challenging Lavos

Impossible during this stage of the game since you have no access to a time gate.
Continue to Chapter 6: Beyond the Ruins (2300 A.D. first time)
# Communication Networks/Network Basics
## What are networks?

Networks are large distributed systems designed to send information from one location to another. An end point is a place in a network where data transmission either originates or terminates. A node is a point in the network where data travels through without stopping. Nodes are connected by channels, paths that data flows down. Channels can be physical linear objects such as a wire or a fiber optic cable, or it can be less tangible, like a wireless connection at a particular frequency.

## Providers and consumers

An end point that produces information is known as a producer or a server. An endpoint that receives information is known as a consumer or a client. In many networks, such as bi-directional networks, an endpoint can be both a client and a server.

## Bi-directional communications

Bi-directional communications means that data is flowing both to and from an end point. An end point can be both a client and a server.

## Point-to-point communication

Some channels are point-to-point: they have only a single producer (at one end), and a single consumer (at the far end).
Many networks have "full duplex" communication between nodes, meaning they have 2 separate point-to-point channels (one in each direction) between the nodes (on separate wires or allocated to separate frequencies).
Some "mesh" networks are built from point-to-point channels. Since wiring every node to every other node is prohibitively expensive, when one node needs to communicate with a distant node, the "intermediate" nodes must pass through the information.

## Multiple access

Multiple access networks are networks where multiple clients, multiple servers, or both are attempting to access the network simultaneously. Networks with one server and multiple clients are called "broadcast networks", "multicast networks", or "SIMO networks". "SIMO" stands for "Single Input Multiple Output". Networks with multiple clients and servers are known as "MIMO" or "Multiple Input Multiple Output" networks.

## Data collisions

In a MIMO network, when multiple servers attempt to send data on a single channel at the same time, a data collision occurs. Because data typically consists of electric or electromagnetic radiation, a data collision causes both pieces of information to become unreadable. Clients on the network will either read meaningless data (garbage data) or will read no data at all. MIMO networks therefore will use some sort of collision avoidance or collision detection mechanisms to prevent data collision problems from affecting the network.
Networks with only one fixed sender per channel (point-to-point channels and SIMO channels) never have data collisions on the channel.
# Communication Networks/Licensing
## Licensing

The text of this book is released under the following license:
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Diodes/PN
## PN Diode

| Construction | Symbol | I - V Curve |
| o-- P N --o | | |

## Characteristics
### Conduction

When connect Voltage source's Polarities the same with Diode's Polarities . Diode does not conduct . No current can flow
When connect Voltage source's Polarities different with Diode's Polarities . Diode conducts . current can flow

### Biasing Voltage

Diode does not conduct current with voltage below Conducting Voltage . Conducting voltage is the voltage at current equals to 1mA . For Si the conducting voltage is 0.3 v . For Ge the conducting voltage is 0.6 v . Diode's Conducting Voltage is denoted as V$_d$
    V > V$_d$ . Diode conducts current , I ≠ 0
    V < V$_d$ . Diode does not conduct current , I = 0
With this characteristic Diode can be used like a mechanical switch . Switch opens equivalent to V < V$_d$ . Switch closes equivalent to V > V$_d$

### Current

With voltage greater than Diode's Conductng Voltage . The change in current with change in voltage can be expressed as an exponential of Euler's constant e
    $I=I_{o}(1-e^{\frac {V_{d}}{V}}t)$
When the value of V >> V$_d$ ≈ 100v the I = I$_o$
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Diodes/Variactor

This kind of diode conducts in both the forward and backward directions. When conducting in backward direction, the diode operates like a capacitor with capacitance in the picofarads.
The circuit symbol of variactor diode:
    Varicap schematic symbol.

## Operation

When negative voltage is applied to a variactor diode, the junction of the diode is widened and exhibits the capacitance of a capacitor.
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Capacitors/2 Port Connection
## Mạch Chia Điện

Mạch Điện của hai điện trở mắc nối theo hình trên
    $I={\frac {V}{R_{2}+R_{1}}}$
    $V_{o}=IR_{2}=V{\frac {R_{2}}{R_{2}+R_{1}}}$
    ${\frac {V_{o}}{V_{i}}}={\frac {R_{2}}{R_{2}+R_{1}}}$

## Mạch T

Nếu điện thế trên R$_2$ bằng V
    $V=V_{2}{\frac {R_{1}}{R_{1}+R_{3}}}=V_{1}{\frac {R_{1}}{R_{2}+R_{1}}}$
    ${\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}={\frac {R_{1}+R_{2}}{R_{1}+R_{3}}}$

## Mạch π

Mạch điện với 3 Điện Trở bắt theo dạng hình π . Với R$_1$ tại cổng nhập, Với R$_3$ tại cổng xuất
    I$_{R1}$ = I$_{R2}$ + I$_{R3}$
    ${\frac {v_{i}}{R_{1}}}={\frac {v_{i}-v_{o}}{R_{2}}}+{\frac {v_{o}}{R_{3}}}$
    ${\frac {v_{i}}{v_{o}}}=({\frac {R_{3}}{R_{1}}})({\frac {R_{2}-R_{1}}{R_{2}-R_{3}}})$

   ### ${\frac {v_{o}}{v_{i}}}=({\frac {R_{3}}{R_{1}}})({\frac {R_{2}-R_{1}}{R_{2}-R_{3}}})$
## Mạch Nối Tiếp Song Song

    $R_{EQ}=(R_{1}\|R_{2})+R_{3}={R_{1}R_{2} \over R_{1}+R_{2}}+R_{3}$

## Hoán Chuyển
### Δ - Y Hoán Chuyển

    $R_{1}={\frac {R_{\mathrm {a} }R_{\mathrm {b} }}{R_{\mathrm {a} }+R_{\mathrm {b} }+R_{\mathrm {c} }}}$
    <mathrm{b}R_\mathrm{c}}{R_\mathrm{a} + R_\mathrm{b} + R_\mathrm{c}} </math>
    $R_{3}={\frac {R_{\mathrm {c} }R_{\mathrm {a} }}{R_{\mathrm {a} }+R_{\mathrm {b} }+R_{\mathrm {c} }}}$

### Y - Δ Hoán Chuyển

    $R_{\mathrm {a} }={\frac {R_{1}R_{2}+R_{2}R_{3}+R_{3}R_{1}}{R_{2}}}$
    $R_{\mathrm {b} }={\frac {R_{1}R_{2}+R_{2}R_{3}+R_{3}R_{1}}{R_{3}}}$
    $R_{\mathrm {c} }={\frac {R_{1}R_{2}+R_{2}R_{3}+R_{3}R_{1}}{R_{1}}}$
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Diodes/Light Emitting

A light emitting diode (LED) emits colored light when it conducts electricity.
| Colored Light | V$_d$ |
| Infrared | 1.6 V |
| Red | 1.8 V to 2.1 V |
| Orange | 2.2 V |
| Yellow | 2.4 V |
| Green | 2.6 V |
| Blue | 3.0 V to 3.5 V |
| White | 3.0 V to 3.5 V |
| Ultraviolet | 3.5 V |
| Construction | Symbol | I - V Curve |

## Colors and Materials

| Color | Wavelength [nm] | Voltage [V] | Semi-conductor Material |
| Infrared | λ > 760 | ΔV < 1.9 | Gallium arsenide (GaAs) Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) |
| Red | 610 < λ < 760 | 1.63 < ΔV < 2.03 | Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) |
| Orange | 590 < λ < 610 | 2.03 < ΔV < 2.10 | Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) |
| Yellow | 570 < λ < 590 | 2.10 < ΔV < 2.18 | Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) |
| Green | 500 < λ < 570 | 2.18 < ΔV < 4.0 | Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III) nitride (GaN) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP) |
| Blue | 450 < λ < 500 | 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7 | Zinc selenide (ZnSe) Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate Silicon (Si) as substrate — (under development) |
| Violet | 400 < λ < 450 | 2.76 < ΔV < 4.0 | Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) |
| Purple | multiple types | 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7 | Dual blue/red LEDs, blue with red phosphor, or white with purple plastic |
| Ultraviolet | λ < 400 | 3.1 < ΔV < 4.4 | diamond (C) Aluminium nitride (AlN) Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) — (down to 210 nm) |
| White | Broad spectrum | ΔV = 3.5 | Blue/UV diode with yellow phosphor |
* ↑ "LEDs move into the ultraviolet". physicsworld.com. May 17, 2006. http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/24926. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Diodes
## Diode

Diode is a SemiConductor Device made from joining One Positive type Semi Conductor with One Negative Type Semi Conductor .
    - o--[N P]--o +
Diode is an Unijuction device that has two distinct polarities namely Anode which is Negative and Cathode which is Positive . Diode has a circuit symbol

## Diode's Characrteristics
### Break-over Voltage

    V$_d$ = 0.3v for Si and 0.6v for Ge

### Operation

    V < V$_d$ . I = 0 . Diode does not conduct current
    V = V$_d$ . I = 1 mA . Current starts to flow
    V > V$_d$ . I = e$^v$ . Diode conducts current exponentially

### Polarities & Biased Voltage

When Diode is connected with a voltage source in such that the polarities of the diode is in opposite with the polarities of the voltage source Diode is said to be Forward Biased and when voltage is greter than Forward biased voltage current will flow and increase exponentially with time in the direction of Pointing Arrow
When Diode is connected with a voltage source in such that the polarities of the diode is in the same with the polarities of the voltage source Diode is said to be Backward Biased Diode does not conduct current

## Diode's Types

    ComponentDiode PN Diode Light Emitted Diode Schottky Diode Photo Diode Varactor Diode Zener Diode Tunnel Diode

## Summary

    ComponentDiode ConstructionDiode is made by joining one positive typed semi conductor with one negative typed semi conductor + o---[P N] ---o - Symbol I - V Characteristics Break Over VoltageVoltage where current is exactly 1mA . V_d = 0.3v Ge V_d = 0.6v Si ConductionDiode conducts when the polarities of diode is in reverse to the polarities of voltage source and forward biased voltage is greater than the break over voltage Non ConductionDiode does not conduct when the polarities of diode is in the same as the polarities of voltage source or forward biased voltage is less than the break over voltage CurrentI = 0 V < V_d $I=1mA$ ; $V=V_{d}$ $I=I_{s}e^{{\frac {V_{d}}{V}})$ Direction of Current flowsame as arrow direction Diode TypesPN Diode Light Emitted Diode Schottky Diode Photo Diode Varactor Diode Zener Diode Tunnel Diode

## Reference

* Diode
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Capacitors/Parallel Connection
## Capacitor connected in parallel

Two or more capacitors can be connected in parallel to increse the total capacitance
    $C_{t}=C_{1}+C_{2}+....+C_{n}$

## Two of the same value

    ${\frac {1}{C_{t}}}={\frac {1}{C}}+{\frac {1}{C}}={\frac {1}{2C}}$
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Capacitors/Series Connection
## Capacitor connected in Series

Two or more capacitors can be connected in series to decrese the total capacitance
    $C_{t}=C_{1}+C_{2}+....+C_{n}$

## Two of the same value

    $C_{t}=C+C=2C$
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Capacitors/Series Configuration
## Series Configuration

Two or more Capacitors can be connected in series to increase Capacitance
    $C_{t}=C_{1}+C_{1}+...+C_{n}$
# Electronics Handbook/Components/Capacitors/Parallel Configuration
## Parallel Configuration

Two or more Capacitors can be connected in parallel to decrease Capacitance
    ${\frac {1}{C_{t}}}={\frac {1}{C_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{C_{2}}}+....+{\frac {1}{C_{n}}}$
# Debate/Topics/Abortion

In the course of a pregnancy, the pregnant woman is often given the choice to keep the fetus and have the child, or terminate the pregnancy. There are several issues associated with abortion:
* The trimester of the pregnancy;
* The health of the fetus;
* The religious and ethical beliefs behind the mother;
* The laws of the state in which the mother resides;
* The attitude of the mother's family and the father of the fetus;
amongst many others.
# De-chroming chromebooks/Flashing Tutorials/Acer C710

Flashing_stock_firmware_to_a_coreboot_build|bridge and developer mode
* To remove C710 back cover:
** Undo 1 screw under warranty sticker. Motherboard Diagram
** Slide battery removal latch and hold.
** Remove battery.
** Release battery removal latch.
** Push back cover away from battery until free.
* To bridge hardware write-protect jumper: Write protect jumper
** Your write-protect jumper may be under a black plastic tab (not present on C710-842G32ii). You will need to remove this for the next step.
** Carefully fold a 12 inch piece of tin foil and wedge it between the 2 pins of the write-protect jumper, closing the circuit, making sure it is secure.
* Replace back cover, battery, connect AC power source and boot into ChromeOS.
* If you're not already in developer mode (You are if you see the OS verification warning at boot.):
** Hold Escape+Refresh(F3) and press the power button.
** Hit Ctrl+D at the Recovery screen. Confirm.
** SeaBIOS for Intel Celeron 1007U (NU.SH7AA.02x) md5sum: 1a4cbde266bdf5572c019274abc64a52
** SeaBIOS for Intel Celeron 847 md5sum: 9c312fbb7164acb31fb6e130b991ebc9
** Grub2 for Intel Celeron 847 md5sum: 9c5993518ddf97ab4c4cf7e0a2f84570
** Windows for Intel Celeron 847 md5sum: 4bfb10dbd10380d78bc6b4c501adcd10
* Repeat Step 5 & remove tin foil inserted in Step 6.
* Replace back cover, battery and insert bootable USB stick created in Step 3 and power up the C710.
# Debate

Welcome to the Debate Wikibook! Here we try to encompass all topics of debate, from the common parliamentary styles to the more obscure debate formats, as well as on speech structure, procedures and all other relevant information. Whether you're new to debate, a rookie, a veteran or otherwise, we hope this book will help you progress through the wonderful art of debate.

## Table of contents

* Introduction
* What is Debate?

### Formats
#### Common parliamentary formats

* American Parliamentary
* Asian Parliamentary
* Australasian Parliamentary
* British Parliamentary
* World Schools

#### Other formal formats

* Classical format
* Karl Popper format
* Lincoln-Douglas format
* Moot court-mock trial format
* Oregon-Oxford format
* Policy format
* Public forum format
* Student Congress format

### Procedure

* Topics
* Preparation time
* Speaker order
* Adjudication

### Speech structure
#### Elements of debate

* Matter
* Manner
* Method

#### Case construction

* Argument basics
* Speech layout
* Setup
* Rebuttal
* Analysis

### Speech formats
#### Parliamentary formats

* Opening speakers
* Deputy speakers
* Members
* Whips

#### Policy format

* Affirmative constructive
* Negative constructive

#### Oregon-Oxford format

* Practicability
* Necessity
* Beneficiality

#### Speeches common to more than one format

* Cross-examination
* Rebuttal speeches

### Technicalities

* Definitional challenges
* Motions and resolutions
* Points of Information

### Features

* Matterloading
* Adjudication procedure
* Tournament management

### About the Wikibook

* Contributors
# Debate/Topics

Below are several possible debate topics:

## The Issues

* Drug Prohibition
* Same-Sex Marriage
** United States
* Invasion of Iraq
* Religious Circumcision of Children
* Abortion
* Death Penalty
** Lethal Injection
* Murder
# De-chroming chromebooks/Flashing Tutorials

Tutorials for the flashing community supported chromebook/box models: