OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Concepts and Diagnosis

The concepts and diagnosis (CD) outcomes are related to the ideas surrounding diagnosing psychological disorders, as well as particular concepts in abnormal psychology.
There are three concepts and diagnosis outcomes:
* CD1: Examine the concepts of normality and abnormality.
* CD2: Discuss validity and reliability of diagnosis.
* CD3: Discuss cultural and ethical considerations in diagnosis.
Note that any example responses are not necessarily worth full marks, but exist simply to provide an idea of how an example looks.

# CD1

Examine the concepts of normality and abnormality.

## Example response

There is no example response yet for this outcome.

## Additional Notes

There are no additional notes yet for this outcome.

# CD2

Discuss validity and reliability of diagnosis.

## Example response

There is no example response yet for this outcome.

## Additional Notes

There are no additional notes yet for this outcome.

# CD3

Discuss cultural and ethical considerations in diagnosis.

## Example response

There is no example response yet for this outcome.

## Additional Notes

There are no additional notes yet for this outcome.
# IB Psychology/Options/Abnormal Psychology

Abnormal psychology focuses on the diagnosis, analysis, and treatment of various diseases relating to psychological disorders. This option concentrates on three main groups of disorders: anxiety, affective, and eating. Furthermore, there are three main groups for the therapeutic approaches to treating disorders: therapies, individual psychological therapies, and group psychological therapies

# Abnormal Psychology

    General Frameworks
       GF1: To what extent do biological, cognitive and sociocultural factors influence abnormal behaviour?
       GF2: Evaluate psychological research (that is, theories and/or studies) relevant to the study of abnormal behaviour.
    Concepts and Diagnosis
       CD1: Examine the concepts of normality and abnormality.
       CD2: Discuss validity and reliability of diagnosis.
       CD3: Discuss cultural and ethical considerations in diagnosis.
    Psychological Disorders
       PD1: Describe symptoms and prevalence of one disorder from two of the following groups: – anxiety disorders – affective disorders – eating disorders.
       PD2: Analyse etiologies (in terms of biological, cognitive and/or sociocultural factors) of one disorder from two of the following groups: – anxiety disorders – affective disorders – eating disorders.
       PD3: Discuss cultural and gender variations in prevalence of disorders.
    Implementing Treatment
       IT1: Examine biomedical, individual and group approaches to treatment.
       IT2: Evaluate the use of biomedical, individual and group approaches to the treatment of one disorder.
       IT3: Discuss the use of eclectic approaches to treatment.
       IT4: Discuss the relationship between etiology and therapeutic approach in relation to one disorder.
# Pinyin/Bible/2 Samuel

Chapter 1
# Pinyin/Bible/Deuteronomy

Chapter 1
# Pinyin/Bible/Exodus

Chapter 1
# Pinyin/Bible/Genesis

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
# Pinyin/Bible/Genesis/Chapter 10

* 10:1 Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: these are the sons which they had after the great flow of waters
* zheh shih Noah de err'zi Shem, Ham her Japheth zaih dah shuii houh de houhdaih.
* 10:2 The sons of Japheth: Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras.
* 10:3 And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah.
* 10:4 And the sons of Javan: Elishah and Tarshish, the Kittim and the Dodanim.
* 10:5 From these came the nations of the sea-lands, with their different families and languages.
* 10:6 And the sons of Ham: Cush and Mizraim and Put and Canaan.
* 10:7 And the sons of Cush: Seba and Havilah and Sabtah and Raamah and Sabteca; and the sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan.
* 10:8 And Cush was the father of Nimrod, who was the first of the great men of the earth.
* 10:9 He was a very great bowman, so that there is a saying, Like Nimrod, a very great bowman.
* 10:10 And at the first, his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.
* 10:11 From that land he went out into Assyria, building Nineveh with its wide streets and Calah,
* 10:12 And Resen between Nineveh and Calah, which is a very great town.
* 10:13 And Mizraim was the father of the Ludim and Anamim and Lehabim and Naphtuhim;
* 10:14 And Pathrusim and Casluhim and Caphtorim, from whom came the Philistines.
* 10:15 And Canaan was the father of Zidon, who was his oldest son, and Heth,
* 10:16 And the Jebusite and the Amorite and the Girgashite,
* 10:17 And the Hivite and the Arkite and the Sinite,
* 10:18 And the Arvadite and the Zemarite and the Hamathite; after that the families of the Canaanites went far and wide in all directions;
* 10:19 Their country stretching from Zidon to Gaza, in the direction of Gerar; and to Lasha, in the direction of Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboiim.
* 10:20 All these, with their different families, languages, lands, and nations, are the offspring of Ham.
* 10:21 And Shem, the older brother of Japheth, the father of the children of Eber, had other sons in addition.
* 10:22 These are the sons of Shem: Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram.
* 10:23 And the sons of Aram: Uz and Hul and Gether and Mash.
* 10:24 And Arpachshad became the father of Shelah; and Shelah became the father of Eber.
* 10:25 And Eber had two sons: the name of the one was Peleg, because in his time the peoples of the earth became separate; and his brother's name was Joktan.
* 10:26 And Joktan was the father of Almodad and Sheleph and Hazarmaveth and Jerah
* 10:27 And Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah
* 10:28 And Obal and Abimael and Sheba
* 10:29 And Ophir and Havilah and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan.
* 10:30 And their country was from Mesha, in the direction of Sephar, the mountain of the east.
* 10:31 These, with their families and their languages and their lands and their nations, are the offspring of Shem.
* 10:32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, in the order of their generations and their nations: from these came all the nations of the earth after the great flow of waters.
# Pinyin/Bible/Exodus/Chapter 1

* 1:1 Now these are the names of the sons of Israel who came into Egypt; every man and his family came with Jacob.
* Israel de ziimirn daih'zhe jiajuahn yuu Jacob daoh le Egypt, ta'men de mirngzih rurxiah:
* 1:2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;
* Reuben, Simeon, Levi, her Judah;
* 1:3 Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin;
* 1:4 Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.
* 1:5 All the offspring of Jacob were seventy persons: and Joseph had come to Egypt before them.
* 1:6 Then Joseph came to his end, and all his brothers, and all that generation.
* 1:7 And the children of Israel were fertile, increasing very greatly in numbers and in power; and the land was full of them.
* 1:8 Now a new king came to power in Egypt, who had no knowledge of Joseph.
* 1:9 And he said to his people, See, the people of Israel are greater in number and in power than we are:
* 1:10 Let us take care for fear that their numbers may become even greater, and if there is a war, they may be joined with those who are against us, and make an attack on us, and go up out of the land.
* 1:11 So they put overseers of forced work over them, in order to make their strength less by the weight of their work. And they made store-towns for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses.
* 1:12 But the more cruel they were to them, the more their number increased, till all the land was full of them. And the children of Israel were hated by the Egyptians.
* 1:13 And they gave the children of Israel even harder work to do:
* 1:14 And made their lives bitter with hard work, making building-material and bricks, and doing all sorts of work in the fields under the hardest conditions.
* 1:15 And the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew women who gave help at the time of childbirth (the name of the one was Shiphrah and the name of the other Puah),
* 1:16 When you are looking after the Hebrew women in childbirth, if it is a son you are to put him to death; but if it is a daughter, she may go on living.
* 1:17 But the women had the fear of God, and did not do as the king of Egypt said, but let the male children go on living.
* 1:18 And the king of Egypt sent for the women, and said to them, Why have you done this, and let the male children go on living?
* 1:19 And they said to Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are strong, and the birth takes place before we come to them.
* 1:20 And the blessing of God was on these women: and the people were increased in number and became very strong.
* 1:21 And because the women who took care of the Hebrew mothers had the fear of God, he gave them families.
* 1:22 And Pharaoh gave orders to all his people, saying, Every son who comes to birth is to be put into the river, but every daughter may go on living.
# Lun Yu

The Lun Yu, also known as the Analects of Confucius, is an ancient Chinese classic book that recorded the teachings of Confucius. There are a total of 20 books in the Lun Yu (论语).
The transliteration/romanization of some of the names of the books/disciples by James Legge, more than a hundred years ago, may appear very different from modern Chinese Pinyin. For example, Book 1 is transliterated as "HSIO R." by Legge, but in Pinyin it is "Xué ér".
In other instances, transliterations by Legge look very similar to Pinyin. For example, Book 20 is transliterated as "YAO YUEH" by Legge, and in Pinyin it is "Yáo yuē".

## Table of Contents

* Book 1
* Book 2
* Book 3
* Book 4
* Book 5
* Book 6
* Book 7
* Book 8
* Book 9
* Book 10
* Book 11
* Book 12
* Book 13
* Book 14
* Book 15
* Book 16
* Book 17
* Book 18
* Book 19
* Book 20

## References

The Chinese Classics--Volume 1: Confucian Analects at Project Gutenberg

## Read More

* The Analects
# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Computer & Communication Industry Association

Computer & Communication Industry Association (or CCIA) is an advocacy organization based in Washington, D.C. which represents a diverse member base in the computer, Internet, information technology, and telecommunications industries. According to their site, CCIA "promotes open markets, open systems, open networks, and full, fair, and open competition." Established nearly four decades ago, CCIA has been active in anti-trust cases involving IBM, AT&T and Microsoft, and has fought for net neutrality and real patent reform.
CCIA members include corporations such as Google, Microsoft, LightSquared, Yahoo, eBay, nVidia, Sprint Nextel, dish Network, AMD and Facebook.

## References

* ↑ CCIA
# MATLAB Programming/Entering data at the command line

[MATLAB Programming\|/MATLAB Programming]m]
Chapter 1: MATLAB ._.
    Fundamentals of MATLAB
    MATLAB Workspace
    MATLAB Variables
    *.mat files
Chapter 2: MATLAB Concepts
    MATLAB operator
    Data File I/O
Chapter 3: Variable Manipulation
    Numbers and Booleans
    Strings
    Portable Functions
    Complex Numbers
Chapter 4: Vector and matrices
    Vector and Matrices
    Special Matrices
    Operation on Vectors
    Operation on Matrices
    Sparse Matrices
Chapter 5: Array
    Arrays
    Introduction to array operations
    Vectors and Basic Vector Operations
    Mathematics with Vectors and Matrices
    Struct Arrays
    Cell Arrays
Chapter 6: Graphical Plotting
    Basic Graphics Commands
    Plot
    Polar Plot
    Semilogx or Semilogy
    Loglog
    Bode Plot
    Nichols Plot
    Nyquist Plot
Chapter 7: M File Programming
    Scripts
    Comments
    The Input Function
    Control Flow
    Loops and Branches
    Error Messages
    Debugging M Files
Chapter 8: Advanced Topics
    Numerical Manipulation
    Advanced File I/O
    Object Oriented Programming
    Applications and Examples
    Toolboxes and Extensions
Chapter 9: Bonus chapters
    MATLAB Benefits and Caveats
    Alternatives to MATLAB
    [MATLAB_Programming/GNU_Octave|What is Octave= (8) hsrmonic functions]
    Octave/MATLAB differences
The input function lets your scripts process data entered at the command line. All input is converted into a numerical value or array. The argument for the input function is the message or prompt you want it to display. Inputting strings require an additional 's' argument. Example:
Then running the script would produce the output:
# MATLAB Programming/File Name Types

There are many types of files that are used in MATLAB. These are some of the few of commonly used files used for MATLAB.
.m
It consists a MATLAB script. This is a platform-independent file, so you can use the same scripts on whatever operating system (Windows, Linux,Mac) you’re working on at any time.
This file also allows you to create a script on one OS and share it with others, even when they use a different OS than you do. MATLAB script files are always written using the MATLAB language.
.mat
It consists of access to any data you saved on workspace.
To save this file, click the "Save Workspace" and to load the data click "Load Data"
.slx
Contains a Simulink model.(Note that SIMULINK is different products from MATLAB)
Simulink is an add-on product for MATLAB that provides a block diagram environment for performing simulations.
.fig
Provides access to any plots or other graphics you create. Keep in mind that the file contains all the information required to reconstruct the chart, but does not contain the graphic of chart itself.
This approach means that the chart's plot is accessible on any OS that MATLAB supports.
.mlapp
A MATLAB application created using the MATLAB App Designer.
MATLAB application lets you share your code in a packaged form (like executable files) with other people, and you can create one without having much of programming experience
# MATLAB Programming/Fundamentals of MATLAB/Basic MATLAB commands
## Basic MATLAB command

During start to use the program, you may see "double greater than" symbols aka >> on the top left of command window. You can start to type simple or complex mathematic equation to your liking.
Some of the examples are as follows:
or you may even assign a value to a variable / perform simple algebra equations
Note: You can learn more about MATLAB operator from this page: MATLAB Programming/Fundamentals of MATLAB/MATLAB operator

### Basic Commands

These commands listed below are the commands that you usually will encounter when using MATLAB
clc - Clear command window. clear - Remove all variable values from workspace disp - Display the values inside of the variable / matrix help - Display tooltip help text inside the Command Window. The help displays the help for the functionality specified by NAME, such as a function, operator symbol, method, class, or toolbox.

### Hello World

Once Hello World, which is the simplest of programs, works the beginner can move on to explore the MATLAB workspace available for developing or running Matlab code.
Using the workspace the beginner can then learn to manipulate basic MATLAB Variables.
For convenience Matlab allows the workspace to be saved and loaded using *.mat files.
# MATLAB Programming/GUI/Get File or Directory

[MATLAB Programming\|/MATLAB Programming]m]
Chapter 1: MATLAB ._.
    Fundamentals of MATLAB
    MATLAB Workspace
    MATLAB Variables
    *.mat files
Chapter 2: MATLAB Concepts
    MATLAB operator
    Data File I/O
Chapter 3: Variable Manipulation
    Numbers and Booleans
    Strings
    Portable Functions
    Complex Numbers
Chapter 4: Vector and matrices
    Vector and Matrices
    Special Matrices
    Operation on Vectors
    Operation on Matrices
    Sparse Matrices
Chapter 5: Array
    Arrays
    Introduction to array operations
    Vectors and Basic Vector Operations
    Mathematics with Vectors and Matrices
    Struct Arrays
    Cell Arrays
Chapter 6: Graphical Plotting
    Basic Graphics Commands
    Plot
    Polar Plot
    Semilogx or Semilogy
    Loglog
    Bode Plot
    Nichols Plot
    Nyquist Plot
Chapter 7: M File Programming
    Scripts
    Comments
    The Input Function
    Control Flow
    Loops and Branches
    Error Messages
    Debugging M Files
Chapter 8: Advanced Topics
    Numerical Manipulation
    Advanced File I/O
    Object Oriented Programming
    Applications and Examples
    Toolboxes and Extensions
Chapter 9: Bonus chapters
    MATLAB Benefits and Caveats
    Alternatives to MATLAB
    [MATLAB_Programming/GNU_Octave|What is Octave= (8) hsrmonic functions]
    Octave/MATLAB differences

# uigetfile

The uigetfile command is used to open a window which retrieves a specific file name.
[File,Path] = uigetfile('*.*','Select the file');
This is particular useful to give a user an alternate file from the default file.
[File,Path] = uigetfile('*.*','Select the file','c:\default_dir\default_file.ext');
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Cadwallader
## Overview

Cadwallader (we never learn his fist name) plays in the Hufflepuff Quidditch team as Chaser. He is first mentioned in the sixth book.

## Role in the Books
### Half-Blood Prince

With the graduation and departure of the previous commentator for Quidditch, Lee Jordan, others are being tried for the position. For the game between Gryffindor and Hufflepuff, Luna Lovegood is commentating, and she seems unable to recall Cadwallader's name, first believing his name to be "Bibble" or "Buggins".
Cadwallader's name is eventually revealed when Luna is prompted by Professor McGonagall.

## Strengths

We must assume Cadwallader is a good Quidditch player as he made it onto the Hufflepuff team. His team also wins the match in which he was introduced, although that is largely due to misfortune.

## Weaknesses

As we have never seen him before, or afterwards, there is nothing we can infer here.

## Relationships with Other Characters

Presumably he is on good terms with his teammates.

## Analysis

The Hufflepuff Quidditch team has been seen a few times throughout the story, seemingly with a "revolving door" policy, as opposed to the Gryffindor team, who remain fairly static, at least for Harry's first few years. Cadwallader is a new character, and we have no way of knowing how long he has been playing Quidditch for. He has never been mentioned before, so perhaps he is new.
It may be of note that this team also contains Zacharias Smith, a dislikeable character who goes against most traditional Hufflepuff values. Ron's comment to Harry just before the match specifically mentions that he hopes Harry "hammers" his team.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
* For how long do you think Cadwallader has been playing Quidditch?
* Had Harry not been knocked out, do you think Hufflepuff would still have won the match that easily?

## Greater Picture

The event in which Cadwallader makes his first and only named appearance serves to throw a couple of other characters into focusː Luna, in her role as commentator, and Cormac McLaggen, whose bravado and carelessness causes a catastrophic loss for Gryffindor. Whereas these incidents are comic and tragic respectively, we must remember that this is a Quidditch scene, and that there are fourteen young wizards and witches playing a sport. Naming some of them keeps Quidditch realistic.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Cecilia
## Overview

Cecilia is only seen once, out riding with Tom Riddle.

## Role in the Books
### Half-Blood Prince

Harry and Dumbledore, examining memories illuminating Voldemort's history, start by viewing memories of one Bob Ogden, as he visits the house of Marvolo Gaunt and his children. As that visit comes to an end, Tom Riddle, mounted on a glossy chestnut horse, and a "very pretty girl" on a grey, ride past the Gaunt shack. The girl, whom Riddle addresses as Cecilia and "darling", is the one to notice the snake nailed to the front door of the house. Merope Gaunt, Marvolo's daughter, is jealous of Cecilia, because she is secretly in love with Tom Riddle.

## Relationships with Other Characters

It seems likely that Tom Riddle and Cecilia are at least dating, and possibly are engaged to be married, or nearly.
Merope Gaunt's unrequited (at this point) love for Tom makes her jealous of Cecilia. Cecilia, on the other hand, is effectively unaware of the existence of the Gaunt family.

## Analysis

Apart from her name, her apparent beauty, and the fact that she rides a grey horse and is familiar enough with Tom Riddle, the heir to the Manor, to address him as "Tom", and for him in turn to address her as "darling", would indicate that they are on close, if not intimate terms. The fact that they are allowed to ride out together, unchaperoned, in the English countryside in the 1920s, would indicate that they were at least committed to each other, if not formally engaged. Her unfamiliarity with the Gaunt family would argue also that she was not from the immediate area. It is possible that Tom had somehow been involved in the war effort in the First World War, and had met Cecilia elsewhere, and was now bringing her back to see his home.
It is worthy of note, perhaps, that when Tom's body is found some fifteen years after these events, mention is made of his parents also being murdered, but no mention of wife or children is made. We know that Tom was shortly after these events spirited away by Merope Gaunt, and that he returned some time later having been married to her; it is entirely possible that, on Tom's decamping so precipitously, Cecilia had thrown him over and left.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Caractacus Burke
## Overview

Caractacus Burke is one of the owners of Borgin and Burkes, the Dark magic supplies store in Knockturn Alley. The other owner is Borgin.

## Role in the Books
### Half-Blood Prince

In Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve, Harry sees Burke gloating over the marvelous deal he had made, buying the Locket of Slytherin for about ten Galleons from some poor little witch, almost certainly Merope Gaunt, who didn't know what she had. He evidently later sold it for thousands of Galleons to Hepzibah Smith.

## Analysis

Due to the fact that Borgin & Burke's seems to be exclusively ran by Borgin during Harry Potter's time, it's possible that Burke died sometime within the next fifty-some years of when we see him in the Pensieve. To add to this theory Dumbledore claims that Caractacus was one of the original founders of the shop in 1863, and so must have been born before 1846. Evidence in the stories suggests that Tom Riddle was born about 1930, and would have started working for Caractacus when he was about 18, in or about 1948. So Caractacus would have already been at least 100 by the time Tom Riddle began working for him.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.
# Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Caradoc Dearborn
## Overview

Caradoc Dearborn was a member of the original Order of the Phoenix. According to Mad-Eye Moody, his body was never found.

## Role in the Books
### Order of the Phoenix

At the celebratory party at Grimmauld Place for Ron and Hermione's appointment as Prefects, Alastor Moody shows Harry a photograph of the original Order of the Phoenix. Caradoc Dearborn is in that photo, and Moody comments that his body was never found.

## Analysis

Given the context – Moody talking about the original Order of the Phoenix and how many of the members in the Order met their deaths – it is a reasonable assumption that Caradoc had been in some sort of battle with Death Eaters at the time of his disappearance.

## Questions

Study questions are meant to be left for each student to answer; please don't answer them here.