OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Web 2.0 and Emerging Learning Technologies/Methods of Personalized Learning Environments (PLE)

Even though PLE differ from case by case and almost the process has no end， are there some practical methods or tips for the novice begin to establish of his PLE? Here some methods and suggestions.
1. Necessary tools
There are many social tools for establishing PLE， how we make a selection？ Here some tools are necessary.
(1) Social bookmark
Why we need to use the social bookmark such as del.icio.us?
With the development of WEB2.0, the website numbers are going up exponentially , which brings the problem for an individual how to manage the URL resources effectively and efficiently.
Social bookmark provides a new way to make use of URL resources . Unlike the tradition way we just store some useful URLs to the favorite folder by web browser to our own computer， through using social bookmark, we can find more related useful URL resources and we have more opportunities to make connection with other people we are interested in.
As an example, here is the course announcement "The Web 2.0 and Participatory e-Learning" released by professor Curt Bonk, if you collect this URL by social bookmark del.icio.us, then you can find there are so many people share the same interests with you, and further you can add some people to your network in del.icio.us. In this way , you can establish your own PLE step by step.
(2)RSS Reader
Why we need to use the RSS reader such as Blogline or Google reader?
The content of WEB2.0 is mainly generated by users, which also brings the problem for an individual how to get update content in time . If we still behave in the traditional way that is visiting different websites one by one through web browser, we couldn't afford the time cost. In additional, you are not sure which website has been updated .
RSS reader can help to solve this problem. You just need to add the rss feed of the website which you are interested in to your RSS reader. You get update information from different websites just by checking your RSS reader. In this way , you not only can save much time, but also you have the ability to read more information from more different websites.
RSS reader is a necessary tool for an individual to establish his PLE.
(3)Tagging
From a technical perspective, it is tag which makes WEB2.0 different from WEB1.0. There need a new way to organize the content which generated by different users. The new way is tag. In taxonomy term, it is called folksonomy.
By tagging his content, an individual not only adapts a new way to organize his own content, but also adapts a new way to make connection with other people.
During the search using tag , not only you can find many related contents which you want to find, but also you can find some persons who share the same interests with you.
So, tagging is an important behave during the process of establish one's own PLE.
(4)Blog
(5)WIKI
2. Cop Community of Practise
3.PKM Personal knowledge management
# TeX/ifvmode
## Description

The \ifvmode command denotes the start of an if-then-else control structure that tests whether TeX is currently in either vertical mode or internal vertical mode. As indicated in the Synopsis, the \else part is optional. <TeX code 1> is processed if TeX is in one of the vertical modes, otherwise it is ignored. If the \else section is included and TeX is not in one of the vertical modes then <TeX code 2> is processed; otherwise it is ignored.
# TeX/ignorespaces

< TeX

## Synopsis

\ignorespaces

## Description

Cause TeX to ignore spaces in the input that follows immediately. This is most commonly used in macros that want to suppress spaces immediately after an invocation, as if it is a macro with no argument. However, since macro and placeholder invocation acts as if the input contains those text directly, they are also affected. See below for an example.
Randomly ignoring spaces in macros comprising a piece of running text is in general not the expectation of the user. On the other hand, in circumstances that a macro is used in special places, e.g., to define a figure or to create a LaTeX list or its item, it is sometimes useful to use \ignorespaces to allow more spaces so that the input is more readable.
# TeX/inputlineno
## Description

\inputlineno is an integer parameter that TeX sets to the current line number of the input file.

## Examples

Recall that the command \number will typeset the decimal representation of whatever follows it, and so if the source file begins with
on the first line, then TeX will typeset 1 at the beginning of the page.
If
occurs on line n of the source file, then TeX will output 'n' to the screen as a message.
# TeX/lastskip
## Description

This command has the length value of the last item if the last item is a (m)glue. In that case \lastskip can be used to refer to that length. If the last item was not a (m)glue then this \lastskip is 0.0pt
# TeX/jobname
## Description

TeX associates a name with each job it processes. If the TeX source file 'foo.tex' is processed by TeX, then \jobname is set to 'foo'. If TeX is run interactively, then \jobname is set to 'texput'.
# TeX/ifvoid
## Description

The \ifvoid command denotes the start of an if-then-else control structure, where <0..255> must expand to an integer from 0 to 255. If the box register \box<0..255> is void, that is contains nothing, then <tex-code-1> is processed and <tex-code-2> is ignored, if the \else section is included. If \box<0..255> contains a box then <tex-code-1> is ignored and <tex-code-2> is processed, if the \else section is included.
# TeX/ifx
## Description

With the \ifx command you can perform conditional compilation by testing for macro equivalence. It does not expand the given macros. The two macros are considered equal if
* both are macros and
* the first level expansion is equal and
* they have the same state with regards to \long and \outer
See also the command \def.

## Examples

For example, let's say we define a new macro just to do conditional compilation:
Then we can use \ifx to check if this macro is defined or not.
See also on the use of this method for testing whether a macro is defined.
# TeX/includeonly
## Synopsis

\includeonly{filename1, filename2 ...}

## Description

When writing a large document, it is sometimes useful to work on selected sections of the document. In LaTeX, the command
will result in only the files specified between the brackets being compiled (note no spaces in the list and without file name extension '.tex'). It is paired with the \include command: the \includeonly command should only be placed in the preamble of the LaTeX file, whilst the \include commands should only be placed in the main body. If \includeonly is not specified in the preamble, LaTeX will assume that all \include commands should be evaluated.
The syntax for an \include command is pretty simple:
Notice that the following are not equivalent: \include{filename.tex} does nothing while \include{filename} works. Note, however, that \input{filename.tex} and \input{filename} are in fact equivalent - but as explained below \input is not what is needed here)
but note \include differs slightly from \input:
1. it may only be used after the \begin{document} command
2. it acts like \clearpage \input \clearpage
3. if filename does not exist, it will not cause a crash
4. a file added via \include may not contain another \include (i.e., \include is not recursive). However, \input commands are acceptable within included files.
http://www-hermes.desy.de/latex/ltx-165.html
# TeX/indent
## Description

If TeX is in vertical or internal vertical mode, then \indent will force TeX into horizontal mode, and in either case an empty box of length \parindent is added to the current list.
# TeX/input

< TeX

## Synopsis

\input [file]

## Description

TeX will process the file [file]. If [file] is of the form foo.tex, then
is the same as
# XForms/Bind
## Motivation

There are three core concepts that you will learn in building XForms applications:
* The model is a tree of data elements
* The presentation is a tree of data elements
* To build your form, these two trees need to be wired together - this is called "binding"
Many of the exercises in this cookbook give examples of this binding. This process is a small example of how this can work. In practice there are many ways to bind the user interface to the model.

## Screen Image

The screen image is similar to input programs from a prior example. This example has two input fields for a person's first and last name and two output controls.

## Discussion

Here are the two lines in the model that bind the data element paths to identifiers:
Note that bind uses nodeset, not ref to specify the path name to the leaf element in the instance document.
After this is done, each user interface element that inputs or outputs the data elements just adds the bind attribute:
We should also note that in this case there is a single input and a single output for each data element. This does not need to be the case. A single input can be bound to many outputs and an output could also depend on many inputs. An example of this would be using the "calculate" attribute of the bind statement.

## Bind attributes

Here are the following attributes of the bind element and a short description of how they are used:
type
* Associate an instance variable with a specific XML Schema data type
* Extend or restrict schema type definitions
relevant
* Enabling or disable controls based on the values of data elements in the model
required
* Conditionally make fields required based on the values of data elements in the model
readonly
* Disable editing of fields based on model data elements such as role
constraint
* Create complex schema constraints between two or more data elements
* Set the limits of minimum or maximum values of a node-set
calculate
* Creating computational dependency among data elements
* Compute the value of new data elements based on other data elements
* Enable spread-sheet like calculations within XForms
# XForms/Bind to ranges
## Motivation

Your output can be created from calculations from many inputs. The rules behind these calculations (sometimes called business rules) should be stored in the model, not the view.

## Screen Image

This program has two inputs and one output. The output is calculated by multiplying the two inputs together. As you move the range controls the output should be updated.

## Discussion

Note that the output is just inputs and outputs. The calculation that multiplies the two inputs together is done in the output bind statement.
# XForms/Calculator

One of the classic examples of a web application program is a calculator.

## Discussion

The calculator program is about 300 lines long. But much of the code is just telling what actions should happen when a button gets pressed.
The model of the calculator is very simple. Just a five variables:
* display - the visible display
* displaybuffer - a secondary display that is not visible
* first - the first operator
* second - the second operator
* memory - used by the memory function
Here is the trigger for the "5" button:
The actions for the trigger is to do just two things:
* are to multiply the value of the display buffer by 10 (shifting the digits over by one) and then to add a five.
* copy the value of the display buffer to the display.
There are also scientific function calculators but they have a smiliar structure.
It is interesting to compare a JavaScript version to the XForms version. The JavaScript version is shorter but the JavaScript can take advantage of some of the tools that are available to JavaScript.

## References

Hixie's Natural Log
# XForms/CSS tables

This is an example of using CSS to format a table without actually using the HTML table element. This is critical since some browsers do not support dynamic tabular layout. The Firefox 0.6 extension also does not support the repeat-nodeset attribute, so you can not yet display repeating data inside HTML tables.
The biggest drawback to this solution is that the width of the tables must be predefined in a stylesheet and can not adjust the width of the columns based on the width of the data in each row.
# XForms/Binding in Repeats
## Motivation

You have a list of items and you want a simple way of conditionally displaying fields within a repeated group.

## Method

We will do this is two ways. First we will use a bind expression in the model. The second method of doing this will be to use a group element with a ref attribute.

## Solution Using Relative Binds

In this example we use a relative statement to indicate that the field should only be displayed if the code value is "yes". Note that the context of the relevant expression is the result of each nodeset item.

## Solution Using Group Element

We can use the ref attribute to conditionally display any field within a repeat. We do this by starting the group ref attribute with "." to give it the current context. Then we add a predicate to turn on or off that entire group. In this case if the code is "yes" the input field will be displayed. If it is not the field will be hidden.
# XForms/CKEditor
## Motivation

You want to be able to add HTML markup to a textarea.

## Method

We will use the CKEditor JavaScript libraries. This demo was done using version 3.2.
Steps:
* Download the source code from: CKEditor web site.
* Uncompress the zip file on your local file system
* Change any occurrences of "&" to & a m p ; and remove & n b s p ; and & c o p y ; in the HTML files to make the files well formed XHTML files so that eXist can index them. The following files in the 3.2 release will need to be modified:
** ckeditor/CHANGES.html
** ckeditor/_source/plugins/wsc/dialogs/ciframe.html
** ckeditor/_source/plugins/wsc/dialogs/tmpFrameset.html
** ckeditor/plugins/wsc/dialogs/ciframe.html
** ckeditor/plugins/wsc/dialogs/tmpFrameset.html
* Drag the main ckeditor folder into eXist. It should immediately index all html files and store all non-XML files (javascript, css etc.) as binaries.
* Note: this does not seem to be possible. Change the Configuration file to not encode the XML.
Failure to follow these step 3 above will result in the following error message:
This can be attempted by editing the config.js file.(see Config File Parameters )
* Add the following line to config.js
** config.HtmlEncodeOutput = 'false';
* Replace the sample_postdata.php with the following sample_postdata.xq

## Sample XQuery to Echo Post Data

In the _samples folder you will find several samples of how to use CKEditor. Each of these HTML files has an HTML form with the following line:
The following program can be used as a substitute for the sample_postdata.php file.
sample_postdata.xq

## Configuration File for XML Systems

CKEditor has a very large number of configuration options. They are set by editing the config.js file in the main CKEditor directory.
The following changes to the CKEditor configuration file should work but it does not seem to have the correct behavior.
config.js
# XForms/Case Validation
## Motivation

You want to check to see if a field is upper or lower case.
Note: This does not seem to work in FireFox or XSLTForms.

## Method

We will use a bind constraint.
# XForms/Changing Namespaces in Submission
## Motivation

You want to control the way that namespace prefixes are handled in your submission.

## Method

We will use the includenamespaceprefixes attribute of a submission.
The XForms 1.1 specification allows the user to change the way that namespace prefixes are handled in a submitted element.
Here is an example of the use of the includenamespaceprefixes attribute to the submission element.

## Link to Working Example

Example Introduction to XForms 1.1 Submission Differences
# XForms/Binds to many instances
## Motivation

You often want to be able to bind to different instances in different models. This sample program shows you how to do this. Creating separated models is critical to allow clean submissions. You should always structure so that your submission data is in a single model. But this creates problems when referencing data elements without specifying what model the instance is part of.
Note in the example below the group element encloses the output for each model.

## Discussion

Note that you can not bind across models. This implies that complex calculations that need to access instance data in multiple models need to copy them into a single model before calculations are done.
# XForms/Book Statistics

Here is a link that has some statistics on this Wikibook:
XForms Book Statistics

## Current Stats
### December 2010

162 chapters, 885 edits, size 1.2 kB, 39906 words, 71 registered authors

## Past Statistics
### October 2009

147 chapters, 1133 edits, size 1.2 kB, 38664 words, 76 registered authors

### April of 2009

141 chapters, 885 edits, size 3.2 kB, 34874 words, 62 registered authors

### In March of 2008

116 chapters, 626 edits, size 214 , 28811 words, 29 registered authors

### 2006

Book Created
# Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Manx
## Usage note

Most people in the Isle of Man today use first names from the U.K. proper, but these names are originally Manx.

## Girls' names

* Aedyt
* Agnes
* Aibreann
* Aileen
* Ainle
* Ashling
* Berneen
* Calybrid
* Calychrist
* Calycrist
* Calyhony
* Calypatric
* Calyvorra
* Calyvorri
* Caragh
* Catriona
* Dana
* Davina
* Dee
* Dorrin
* Ealisaid
* Ealish
* Emer
* Ena
* Enda
* Fenella
* Fionnuala
* Gayle
* Glenna
* Gwenna
* Hayley
* Ibot
* Ibott
* Isott
* Ita
* Johnet
* Kyara
* Mairi
* Malane
* Margaid
* Mariot
* Maryon
* Maureen
* Mawde
* Moirrey
* More
* Roseen
* Sessott
* Sissott
* Tracy
* Triona

## Boys' names

* Alan
* Alasdair
* Aneslis
* Ardghal
* Ascon
* Barney
* Bran
* Ceallachan
* Colm
* Conall
* Conchor
* Cúchulain
* Declan
* Dolyn
* Donn
* Fynlo
* Gibbon
* Gilander
* Gilandrew
* Gilbert
* Gilchrist
* Gilcolm
* Gilmartin
* Gilmurry
* Gilno
* Glenn
* Hugh
* Ian
* Jenkyn
* Kenn
* Kerron
* Kieran
* Mael
* Mark
* Mold
* Mord
* Morris
* Murdach
* Neil
* Niall
* Nigel
* Ninian
* Onchan
* Owen
* Peddyr
* Riley
* Ronan
* Sayer

## Surnames

* Berry
* Booth
* Boyde
* Brew
* Bridson
* Byrne
* Cain
* Caine
* Caisment
* Caley
* Callin
* Callister
* Callow
* Caneen
* Cannell
* Cannon
* Casement
* Casmint
* Casmyn
* Casymond
* Clague
* Cleator
* Clucas
* Coakley
* Collister
* Comish
* Condra
* Coole
* Corkill
* Corkish
* Corlett
* Corrin
* Corris
* Costain
* Cottier
* Cowell
* Cowin
* Cowle
* Cowley
* Craig
* Craine
* Crebbin
* Creer
* Cregeen
* Crellin
* Cretney
* Cringle
* Crowe
* Cubbin
* Cubbon
* Curphey
* Faragher
* Fargher
* Fayle
* Gale
* Garlick
* Gawne
* Gell
* Gelling
* Gorry
* Grays
* Halsall
* Hogg
* Joughin
* Kaighin
* Kaley
* Kaneen
* Keig
* Kelly
* Kennaugh
* Kermode
* Kennish
* Kermeen
* Kerruish
* Kewin
* Kewish
* Kewley
* Killey
* Killip
* Kinch
* Kinley
* Kinrade
* Kinvig
* Kinvug
* Kissack
* Kneale
* Kneen
* Lace
* Leece
* Looney
* MacCasmond
* MacCasmund
* Maddrell
* McKissick
* Mooar
* Mylchreest
* Oates
* Quail
* Quaile
* Qualters
* Qualtrough
* Quarrie
* Quarry
* Quay
* Quaye
* Quayle
* Quell
* Quillan
* Quillen
* Quilliam
* Quilliams
* Quillin
* Quine
* Quinney
* Quirk
* Quislahan
* Radcliffe
* Rhys
* Sayle
* Shimmin
* Skillicorn
* Standish
* Taggart
* Teare
* Watterson
# Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Mennonite (European-origin)
## Amish first names

The Amish mostly select from Biblical names. Unusual Biblical names such as Ezekiel are popular. Most male Amish go by such names as John, Aaron, Amos, Levi, Jacob, David, Daniel, Isaiah, Eli, Noah, Samuel, Moses, etc., while a few go by New Testament names such as Stephen and Thomas. Popular female Amish names run along the lines of Mary, Sarah, Rebecca, Anna, Susanna, Hannah, Susan, Elizabeth, Rachel, etc.

## Hutterite first names

Hutterites use biblical and particularly German first names. Andreas and Paul are two favorites.
# Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Mormon
## Usage note

Aside from the standard stock of names common to all Americans, Mormons often use Scriptural names like Nephi, Mahonri, Lehi, Laman and Moroni. The Mormon church, however, has of members from all over the world and most have names that would commonly be found in the country they live in.

## Girls' names

* Adelin
* Angelic
* Anna
* Aspen
* Brecken
* Brenna
* Charlie
* Dawnell
* Danica
* Deseret
* Eden
* Ember
* Holland
* Josie
* Kennedy
* Laura
* Madison
* McKinley
* Natalie
* Navy
* Oakley
* Paisley
* RaeAnn
* Remi
* Rylee
* Stevie

## Boys' names

* Aaron
* Abinadi
* Abraham
* Adam
* Ammaron
* Ammon
* Amos
* Amulek
* Benjamin
* Bracken
* Braedon
* Brayden
* Brenton
* Bretile
* Brigham
* Cloby
* Cregg
* Dallan
* Dallin
* Dren
* Elijah
* Enos
* Ensign
* Grayson
* Helaman
* Isaac
* Isaiah
* Jacob
* Jared
* Jarom
* Jeremiah
* Jesse
* John
* Jonas
* Jordan
* Joseph
* Joshua
* Lavenard
* Lehi
* Levi
* Melchizedek
* Moroni
* Mosiah
* Nephi
* Noah
* Omni
* Samuel
* Seth
* Shilom
* Stockton
* Tayson
* Teancum
* Thomas
* Zoram

## Surnames

As the Mormons are a religious group and not an ethnic group, there are no surnames that are always Mormon. Mormons in the U.S. most often have English or Scandinavian surnames. Some names from founders and early members are particularly common among Mormons however, and are more popular than usual in Utah. These include Young, Benson, Allred, Beckstead, Bennion, Bingham, Bradshaw, Carr, Christensen, DeMille, Feldsted, Forbush, Gardner, Gubler, Hansen, Hartvigsen, Hardward, Hatch, Hymas, Izatt, Jacobsen, Jensen, Jorgensen, Kimball, Larsen, Lauritzen, Mecham, Naegle, Olsen, Pulsipher, Rasmussen, Rigby, Robison, Romney, Shumway, Smoot, Sorensen, Spendlove, Talbot, Turley, Wills, Yorgensen, Zabriskie and Zollinger.
# The Devonshire Manuscript/Myn vnhappy chaunce / to home shall I playn

* ←to men that knows ye not || width="200" align="right" | Go burnynge siths vnto the frosen hert→
* The Devonshire Manuscript facsimile 60v
f. [60v] 1 Myn vnhappy chaunce / to home shall I playn 2 for wher as / I love no grace do I fynd 3 displesur I haue / with{w+t+} woo and payn 4 tormented I am I wot not wher to wynde 5 shall it be my fortune / thus to be assynd / 6 that wher as I vulde be faynest beloved 7 to be with{w+t+} disdayn / Cruelly rewardid / 8 Offt haue I shoyd / my lovyng hert / 9 {es}{w+t+} with wordes vnfayned and eke by lett 10 {p+}{_n} by message all so / sent onn my part 11 and all to cause / her love the gretter{t'} 12 but yet of nowght I am the better{t'} 13 for the more I sho to be beloved 14 the more with{w+t+} disdayn I am rewardyd 15 My truth nor yet my lowynge chere 16 my harty mynd nor stedfastnes / 17 my woofull lyff whiche I haue here 18 with{w+t+} all my payf paynfull hewynes 19 cannot not her cause for to redresse 20 my hart whiche is to her vnfayned 21 but with{w+t+} disdayn to be rewardyd Causeles

## Commentary

Transcribed by H7, the poem remains unattributed and is unique to this manuscript. While George F. Nott suggests that the last line of the poem, "Causeles," is actually a signature for “C. Lanselles,” readers can also interpret the word as “causeless” and the final line of the poem. Similar to other courtly love lyrics, the speaker's beloved disdains him. Thus, he finds only cruelty in her demeanor toward him. If readers interpret the final line as “causeless,” then the speaker would be indicating his position as undeserving of the lady's disdain for him.

#### Works Cited

* ↑ George Frederick Nott, ed. The Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder 1815-16. Vol. 2. London: T. Bensley, 1815. 591.