OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Castles of England/Dorset

There are ten castles of note in Dorset.
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Ownership / Access | Notes (Key) |
| Brownsea Castle | Castellated house | 150116–19th century | Intact | ENT | Incorporates part of 16th century Henrician Castle. |
| Christchurch Castle | Motte and bailey | 110112–14th century | Fragmentary remains | EH | Well-preserved hall known as Constable's House survives, featuring one of only five remaining Norman chimneys in England. |
| Corfe Castle | Keep and bailey | 100111–13th century | Extensive ruins | ENT | Besieged and slighted during the Civil War. |
| Lulworth Castle | Sham castle | 1610c.1610 | Restored | EH | Hunting lodge, gutted by fire 1929. |
| Pennsylvania Castle | Neo-romantic castle | 18011800 | Intact | Private | On the Isle of Portland, built for John Penn to designs by James Wyatt. |
| Portland Castle | Artillery fort | 15391539 | Intact | EH | Private residence 1816–70. |
| Rufus Castle | Castle | 140115th century | Ruins | Private | Also known as Bow and Arrow Castle. |
| Sandsfoot Castle | Artillery fort | 150116th century | Fragmentary remains | HAL | Abandoned 1644–5. |
| Sherborne Castle | Keep and bailey | 110112th century | Ruins | EH | Replaced by 16–17th house which became known as Sherborne Castle. |
| Woodsford Castle | Fortified manor house | 130114th century | Habitable | Landmark Trust | |
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian art
## Christian art works

* Sistine Chapel
* Primitive
* Fresco
* Cathedral
* Icon
* Paintings
* Sculpture
* Stained Glass
* Digital
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Nature of the Spirit

What is the meaning of Deity of the Spirit, Nature of the Spirit, and Ministries of the Spirit?
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Transcendence

Transcendence addresses the nature of God to act within history, while being above human history. The Christian faith in Jesus illuminates this idea. On the one hand, the presence of Jesus (for the Christian) reflects God's intervention in the world to provide hope and salvation. On the other hand, Christians also believe that Jesus arose from the dead, and as such is observing human history without directly manipulating it. So for the Christian, Jesus is considered transcendental. Prayer reflects the hope that God will once again intervene in the course of human affairs, and influence a favorable outcome.
In developing a deeper understanding of transcendence, it is important for the theist to reconcile additional views of God's intervention in human history with the established idea of humanity's "free will."
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christianity and the world's religions

This title speaks volumes: Christianity and the world's religions, the suggestion that Christianity is different from World Religions. It is. Fundamentally different, in its focus. The focus is on the person of Christ. This Jesus Christ who came to Earth to offer man salvation. A salvation not based on goodness, moral teaching or good behaviour. It is based not on Jesus's great teaching, which most acknowledge as sound, but on his work on the cross.
No religion offers the believer perfect salvation. Others offer good codes, practices, rituals, teachings and wisdom. But none offer God himself, present in the believer's life through the Holy Spirit of God. Some offer an approach to God, through prophets or good teachers. However the eternal concept of "Christ in me," the hope of glory, is alien, to other religions.
There is much to write on the differences between the religions of this world.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Creeds and catechisms

The Apostles' Creed (Third or Fourth Century)
I believe in God the Father Almighty Maker of heaven and earth. And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord; Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, Born of the Virgin Mary, Suffered under Pontius Pilate, Was crucified, dead, and buried; He descended into Hell [lit., Hades]; The third day he rose again from the dead; He ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty; From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost; the holy catholic Church; the communion of saints; the forgiveness of sins; the resurrection of the body; and the life everlasting. Amen.
The Nicene Creed (A. D. 325; revised at Constantinople in A. D. 381)
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty; Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, Begotten of the Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, Very God of Very God, Begotten, not made, Being of one substance with the Father; By whom all things were made; Who, for us men and for our salvation, Came down from heaven, And was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, And was made man; And was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate; He suffered and was buried; And the third day he rose again, According to the Scriptures; And ascended into heaven, And sitteth on the right hand of the Father; And he shall come again, with glory, To judge both the quick and the dead; Whose kingdom shall have no end.
And we believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life; Who proceedeth from the Father [and the Son]; Who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified; Who spake by the prophets. And we believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; And we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/ECCEHOMO

Latin Word Pictures
Line 5 − and the purple robe. And [Pilatus] said to them: Behold the man.
Notice the superlineation of line 4 IHS (Latinized Greek letters) is not a line as the first and primary hand in the main work, but something of an umlaut by the secondary hand (ca. 10th century) and accidentally or on purpose the two dots represent the two missing letters "su" in the Latin word Iesus. The continuation of a form of the written abbreviated sacred name or nomina sacra from Hebrew or Aramaic traditions of the unpronounceable name of God (DS or DEO in Latin) was an early trademark of Christianity.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Origin of Sin

For the past several centuries, Christian Theologians point to the story of Adam and Eve as the Origin of Sin. This story proceeds that after God created Adam and Eve he also gave them instruction not to eat of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. A serpent, identified later in the Bible as Satan, persuaded Eve to eat of the fruit of this tree which God told them not to eat. She gave some fruit to Adam, and he also ate of it. They gained the Knowledge of Good and Evil, and then knew they were naked and were ashamed, and hurried to clothe themselves. God found them and, because they had disobeyed Him, cast them out of the Garden of Eden. Mercifully, He also bestowed the gift of death, so that they would not live forever, separated from Himself.
This sin is believed to have been transmitted down the generations, a sin which only the sacrifice of Jesus could rectify. The Bible says that sin entered the world through one man, Adam. Sin is nothing more than disobedience of God. It is often argued that God created evil, but that could not be, since God is perfect. He created mankind with free will, which included the ability to choose to disobey Him. Without that ability to choose, man could never have chosen to love God; rather, we would have been like little wind-up dolls that always say, "i love you", without really meaning it. With Adam's choice, sin entered the world and with it death.'
We are born with the stain of that original sin, and our nature is to satisfy ourselves rather than obey God. But God cannot tolerate sin or be in its presence. We sinners have to have another way of getting to God's abode, which we call heaven. God so loved the (people in the) world that He gave His only Son to die a sacrificial death, to atone for man's sins, and to provide the redemption that man needs in order to get to heaven and live forever in God's presence. But He placed a condition on that redemption: believe in Jesus as the Savior, the One capable of forgiving one's sins. That belief leads to repentance and a desire to please God.
* ↑ This is human logic. Human logic would also conclude that if you give power to do evil to a force when the force had no such power before, then you have created evil.
* ↑ 'However, Adam was not present when Eve picked the fruit. There is nothing to say that she ever told him where the fruit came from. Therefore, Adam may have eaten without ever knowing from where it came. There is a second version of Genesis embedded within the other. One version merely observes that Adam and Eve left the Garden. All of this seems like a thin branch many would argue to claim God would separate us from God for such acts. Perhaps, only we can choose to separate ourselves. If we do, it's speculative what can happen, but without that choice,(rejecting God) God loves us.
# Biblical Studies/Christianity/Early Christianity
## Apostolic Age (AD 33 - AD 100)
#### List of Christian Works Written in the Apostolic Age

    Canonical:
       between AD 50 and AD 67 - The Gospel According to St. Mark
       between AD 80 and AD 90 - The Gospel According to St. Luke

#### Acts of the Apostles

    One of the most valuable works regarding the Events of the Early Christians in the Apostolic Age is the Acts of the Apostles.
    It accounts

#### Council of Jerusalem

    The Council of Jerusalem took place around AD 50.
    The issue being discussed was whether or not newly converted Gentiles were required to adhere to Mosaic Law, particularly regarding circumcision.

## First Council of Nicaea

Return to Christianity contents page
# Canvas 2D Web Apps/Android Web Apps

Various web browsers on Android support various kinds of web apps; e.g., Chrome's packaged apps or Firefox's Open Web Apps. These are also forms of HTML web apps but may have more permissions than the web apps discussed in this wikibook. The iOS web apps discussed in chapter Getting Started with iOS Web Apps are very similar to the HTML5 specification for offline web applications; thus, they should work with most web browsers on Android without changes, even though some features (e.g., hiding the browser interface) might be missing.
Installing a web app on an Android device depends on the web browser. With some browsers, you would open the web app, bookmark it, then tap the new bookmark until a menu pops up, and select “Add shortcut to Home.” This should install the web app on the device and add its icon to the home screen. After installation you should start the web app once from the home screen while the device is still online before starting it offline.
< Canvas 2D Web Apps
# Canvas 2D Web Apps/Draggable Objects

This chapter introduces draggable objects, i.e., images that can be dragged around with a mouse or a one-finger touch gesture. One notable feature of the presented approach is that any number of objects can be dragged simultaneously on a multi-touch device. Moreover, application programmers don't have to worry about the handling of multiple simultaneous touch events: the process function receives only events with a single pair of coordinates and processes only one object at a time.

### The Example

The example of this chapter (which is available online; also as a downloadable version) shows two draggable objects: one cannot be dragged more than 100 pixels down; the second can be dragged only on a line between two points and snaps to one of the endpoints if it is no longer dragged. The following sections discuss how to set up these draggable objects. See the chapter on the framework for other parts.
The code creates one page with two draggable objects using three images (see the chapter on responsive buttons for a discussion of images):
The definition of the two global variables for the draggable objects is quite straightforward:
The process function of the page handles these two objects. The first one is processed by this code:
The process function of the draggable objects requires the event, coordinates of a rectangle, a text string, and three images similar to those of responsive buttons. Additionally, the constant cuiConstants.isDraggableWithOneFinger specifies that dragging with one finger should be possible. It returns true if it has processed the event. Our reaction here is to check whether the object has been translated (i.e. moved) more than 100 pixels down from its original position. In that case, the translation is set to those 100 pixels. Thus, the object cannot be dragged beyond that line.
The second draggable object is handled by this code:
Here, the translation in x direction (translationX) is set to 0; i.e. the object cannot move horizontally. Furthermore, the translation in y direction is restricted to a range of 0 to 100 pixels. Lastly, if the dragging has stopped (!draggable1.isPointerDown), the translation in y direction is set either to 0 or 100, i.e. it snaps to one of these points.
Of course, there are many more possibilities of reacting to the dragging of objects; for example, the detection of flick gestures.

### Implementation of Draggable Objects

The implementation of draggable objects is actually more similar to the implementation of buttons than one might expect. First a constructor is defined and some methods to determine whether and how the object has been clicked:
Draggable objects have considerably more members than buttons because they have to keep track of various positions during the dragging.
The process function computes changes of these members depending on the state of the objects and of the current event:
< Canvas 2D Web Apps
# Cantonese/Numbers
## Cardinal Numbers
### General Rules

In Cantonese, numbers can be interpreted as a series of digits. From tens to ten-thousands, each digit has a corresponding character. To read out the number, read the number of the value of the digit followed by the value of the digit. For example, the number four-hundred and seventy-nine (479) has three digits: four hundreds (四百, read as sei-baak), seven tens (七十, read as chāt-sahp) and nine (九, read as gáu). The number is written as 四百七十九 and is read as sei-baak-chāt-sahp-gáu. The word "and" in "four-hundred and seventy-nine" is omitted.
Any digit in zero followed by a digit which is not zero is replaced by the character 零 (read as lìhng). For example, the number one-thousand and one (1001) is read as yāt-chīn-lìhng-yāt.
The number eleven (11) is literally one-ten and one but the character "one" in "one ten" is usually omitted. The same case applies to twelve to nineteen.
The number two sometimes becomes 兩 (read as léuhng) rather than 二 (read as yih). Examples include:
* 兩性 léuhng-sing the two sexes
* 兩文三語 léuhng-man-sāam-yu two written languages and three spoken languages
* 一國兩制 yāt-gwok-léuhng-zai one country two systems
Generally, two is 兩 when:
* it is used for counting (e.g. two apples, two people, two houses)
* it precedes units more than or equal to a thousand
two is 二 in:
* certain set expressions (such as idioms)
* numbers less than or equal to a thousand

### One through Ten

Listen to audio (help·info)
* 〇 (零) lìhng zero 0
* 一 (壹) yāt one 1
* 二 (貳) yih two 2
* 三 (叁) sāam three 3
* 四 (肆) sei four 4
* 五 (伍) ńgh five 5
* 六 (陸) luhk six 6
* 七 (柒) chāt seven 7
* 八 (捌) baat eight 8
* 九 (玖) gáu nine 9
* 十 (拾) sahp ten 10
Parenthesized entries are the complex forms, which are used mainly in notarized, official documents. An exception is zero wherein the complex form is more widely used.

### Tens, Hundreds, Thousands, Etc.

* 十一 sahp-yāt eleven 11
* 十二 sahp-yih twelve 12
* 十三 sahp-sāam thirteen 13
等等 etc.
* 二十一 yih-sahp-yāt twenty-one 21
* 二十二 yih-sahp-yih twenty-two 22
* 二十三 yih-sahp-sāam twenty-three 23
等等 etc.
* 一百 yāt-baak one-hundred 100
* 一百零八 yāt-baak-lìhng-baat one-hundred and eight 108
* 一百六十六 yāt-baak-luhk-sahp-luhk one-hundred and sixty-six 166
* 二百三十 yih-baak-sāam-sahp two-hundred and thirty
等等 etc.
* 一千 yāt-chīn one-thousand 1,000
* 七千二百一十三 chāt-chīn-yih-baak-yāt-sahp-sāam seven thousand two hundred and thirteen 7,213
等等 etc.
* 一萬 yāt-maahn one myriad or ten-thousand 10,000
* 四萬三千 sei-maahn-sāam-chīn forty-three thousand 43,000
等等 etc.
* 十萬 sahp-maahn one-hundred thousand 100,000
* 九十六萬八千二百七十四 gáu-sahp-luhk-maahn-baat-chīn-yih-baak-chāt-sahp-sei nine hundred and sixty-eight thousand two hundred and seventy-four 968,274
等等 etc.
* 一百萬 yāt-baak-maahn one million 1,000,000
* 六百七十八萬二千 luhk-baak-chāt-sahp-baat-maahn-yih-chīn six-million seven-hundred and eighty-two thousand 6,782,000
等等 etc.

## Ordinal Numbers

To show the position of something in a list of items, simply add the word 第 (read as daih) before the number.
* 第一 daih-yāt the first
* 第十一 daih-sahp-yāt the eleventh
* 第四百八十九 daih-sei-baak-baat-sahp-gáu the 489th
# Canvas 2D Web Apps

An introduction to programming web apps with the HTML5 canvas 2D context

### Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Getting Started:
** Getting Started with HTML Web Apps
** Getting Started with iOS Web Apps
** Getting Started with Android Web Apps
** Getting Started with iBooks HTML Widgets
* Elements of Canvas 2D User Interfaces:
** Getting Started with the cui2d Framework
** Static Buttons
** Responsive Buttons
** Animations
** Draggable Objects
** Transformable Objects
** Pages
** Transitions between Pages
** Overlays
* Other Elements of Web Apps:
** Sounds
** User Prompts [stub]
** Acceleration of Devices [stub]
** Persistent Data Storage [stub]
** Geolocation [stub]
** Sending E-mails [stub]
** Capturing Media (iOS 6+, Android 3+)
** Recognizing and Synthesizing Speech (iOS 7+)
* Appendices:
** cui2d reference (HTML files by JSDoc3)
** cui2d.js (JavaScript file)
# Canvas 2D Web Apps/Acceleration

In HTML5, changes of the orientation and acceleration of a device can be monitored with the help of deviceorientation and devicemotion events. W3C has published the DeviceOrientation Event Specification. In the Mozialla Developer Network, see the event reference for deviceorientation and devicemotion. Apple developers should consult the DeviceOrientationEvent and the DeviceMotionEvent class reference in Apple's Safari Developer Library.
< Canvas 2D Web Apps
# Canvas 2D Web Apps/E-mails

There are many reasons to send e-mails from a web app, e.g., to receive user feedback or usage data of the web app. Unfortunately, JavaScript does not directly support sending e-mails.
One solution is to use a PHP script (on a web server that supports PHP) and let that PHP script send the e-mail since PHP does support sending e-mails. In this case, all the web app has to do is to send the data to the PHP script.
Here is an example for a simple PHP script that sends an e-mail to a hard-coded e-mail address with a hard-coded subject line. The script puts the raw data (in plain text format) that has been "post"ed to it into the body of the e-mail:
Of course, you should replace the e-mail address by your e-mail address to receive the e-mails. Note that this e-mail address will be publicly visible; thus, you should use an e-mail address that you are willing to abandon in case it is abused.
The name of the PHP script should have the extension ".php" such that the web server can identify it as a PHP script. If you don't have access to a web server that supports PHP, you might know someone who does and is willing to host your script (at the risk that it significantly increases network traffic).
The script itself checks whether any raw data (in plain text format) has been posted to it (see below for how this is done in JavaScript). If so, it sends an e-mail with the sanitized raw data. Sanitizing is necessary to avoid abuse of the script by others. The maximum size of the raw data depends on the configuration of the web server; typically it's more than a megabyte.
In the JavaScript code of the web app, you can then send some data (here the string "my\r\ndata\r\n") through the PHP script (here it is assumed to be at "http://example.com/url/of/php/script/emailme.php"):
Of course, you should replace the URL of the PHP script to wherever your script is located and you should replace the data that is sent by any string you want to send. (Note the recommended line breaks with a return and a newline character: "\r\n".)
For more information about different ways of using XMLHttpRequest in JavaScript, see Using XMLHttpRequest in the Mozilla Developer Network.
< Canvas 2D Web Apps
# Cantonese/Web Resources
## Other tutorial sites

* Learn Cantonese! 學廣東話!
* Learn Cantonese (Adam Sheik)
* Cantonese Podcast lessons at CantonesePod (Kaibo Huang)
* Cantonese Course (Brian King)
* YouTube Video Cantonese Lessons (Brian King)

## Cantonese Culture
### Food

* Dim sum
* Cantonese cuisine

### Music

* Cantopop
* Cantonese opera

## Locations where Cantonese is spoken

* Guangdong Province
* Guangzhou
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Malaysia
* Singapore
# Buddhist Philosophy/Mindfulness

Mindfulness is an advanced form of awareness and attention in many Buddhist schools. in Zen shikantaza practitioners "just sit" in a state of conscious awareness. In Vajrayana dzogchen and mahamudra practice, abiding in the non-dual state of rigpa is constant mindfulness.
# Buddhist Philosophy/Quips

Things are not as they appear, nor are they otherwise.
Space can contain everything, but space does not entertain the thought that it can contain everything.
Samsara and Nirvana are the same - Normalisation of attainment for the arisings
If you meet the Buddha on the road - Kill him - Attachment to obstacles goes all the way to the top
# Buddhist Philosophy/References and Links
### References

* Four Noble Truths (Wikipedia)
* Eightfold Path (Wikipedia)
# Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of Matthew/Chapter 14

Click on the arrow to read Matthew 14 in the New Revised Standard Version.
# Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of Matthew/Chapter 15

Click on the arrow to read Matthew 15 in the English Standard Version.
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command renderpath
### renderpath

renderpath { path <string> }
With higher end graphics cards, Celestia 1.6.0 gives you several choices for Vertex Shading by using this command.
Notes:
* To see Vertex Shading, you must have an appropriate graphics card that renders shading via the Open GL process.
* Each card manufacturer results in slightly different shading choices.
* Many render features within Celestia are only visible if OpenGL 2.0 is enabled..
Arguments:

#### path <string>

    String, that corresponds with one of the available render paths. Must be one of:
   * "basic"
   * "multitexture"
   * "vp" for Open GL vertex program.
   * "vp-nv" for Open GL vertex/Nvidia Combiners.
   * "glsl" for Open GL 2.0.
Example: Use renderpath "glsl" for Open GL 2.0.
CEL:
Back to CEL command index
# Celestia/Celx Scripting/CELX Lua Methods/CEL command lookback
### lookback

lookback { }
Change the current camera view by 180 degrees (like a rear-view mirror).
The command has no arguments.
CELX equivalent:
Based on the observer:rotate method.
* Define the axis up_vector for rotation and store in "up_vec".
* Create new rotation around "up_vec" axis by 180 degrees = math.pi = 3.14159265 radians and store in "lookback".
* Get observer instance of the active view and rotate observer according the new created rotation "lookback".
Summarized:
Example: See the above CELX equivalent also as the CELX example for CEL: lookback { }.
CEL:
CELX with the observer:rotate method:
Back to CEL command index