OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Linux Basics
## Chapters

* Introduction
* Types of Operating Systems (UNIX, Windows, Mac, Linux) [Stub]
* Fundamental conceptions in Linux (more important distributions)
* Distributions for beginners
* Installation, bootloader [Stub]
* Package management [Stub]
* The structure of Linux
* Basic commands
* Graphical interfaces
* Terminals, command prompt, alias, history
* Archiving, mounting in depth
* User management
* User management (System administrator)
* Package management, process management
* Filesystem, permissions
* If you want to deal more with Linux
* Interesting stuff
* Sources

## License

CC-BY-SA 3.0 and GNU FDL 1.3 (the latter one because of the content of szit.hu and tldp.org), GNU GPL for the 2nd chapter's distribution descriptions.
# How to Write an Essay/Types of Essay

Definition Essay
Conveying an idea or theory. This type of essay looks to give a definition and then present organized examples to back this up.
Choice Essay
Provides a critique of options and then selects the most appropriate choice in their opinion.
Persuasive Essay
The purpose of the persuasive ultius essay is to persuade the reader to acknowledge the author's point of view or proposition. The writer must build a case gathering facts and rational thinking, examples, experts opinions, and sound thinking. The author should exhibit all sides of the argument, however should have the capacity to convey obviously and without quibble why a specific position is right.
# How to program a computer if you are a child

(This book is unfinished and stops at the presentation of a simplified programming language.)
This book is intended for any child who knows how to count (addition and multiplication of small numbers) and who knows how to read and write in English.
The initiation explains how to program a computer. It is enough to give a child the means to work alone and to develop his or her skills through practice. Of course it is not recommended to work alone. This book will provide a lot of additional information that could be useful to a child who likes developer work.
You are invited to contribute to this book. In Wikibooks all authors and readers work together. You have the right to write on this page as much as I, who created it. But if you're not sure about yourself, it's better to write on the discussion page. If you want to know more about how to work at Wikibooks, you can take a look at this wikibook: Using Wikibooks.

## Initiation

* The master of the machine
* Write a scenario
* Actors, sets and accessories
* Your turn

## Additions

(to write)
# How to program a TI-84 Plus CE/Intro to TI-BASIC

The TI-84 Plus CE is an interesting specimen. It's probably one of the most common calculators for high school and college students, yet many don't know of all of its features.
One of these features is the ability to write programs in BASIC. This feature is heavily under-utilised by the vast majority of users, yet the dialect of BASIC used on these calculators is very versatile, and is able to make complex programs run on one of the most unassuming computers.
This wikibook is about programming the TI-84 Plus CE specifically, although if you have another Texas Instruments graphing calculator, you may still be able to learn some things you could use.
Let's begin at the very bottom, shall we?
# How to program a TI-84 Plus CE

Here is a table of contents for this book! You can suggest edits to existing pages, but don't vandalize and don't create new pages from red links.
Part 1: Intro
* 1.1: Intro to TI-BASIC
* 1.2: Inputs
* 1.3: Outputs
* 1.4: Your first program
Part 2: Variables
* 2.1: Basic variables
* 2.2: The VARS menu
* 2.3: More with strings
* 2.4: Lists
* 2.5: Matrices
* 2.6: TI-Pong
More will be added soon!
# How to conduct a therapeutic interview

| Level | Responses | Questions |
| Experiences The environment What the client thinks during specific circumstances How the client acts in reaction to them The client’s reflection of the facts of his or her story may be open-ended fragmented unpredictable As the story unfolds situations clarify Initial steps 1. communication 2. understanding Counsellor must attend encourage connect share similar experiences Client encouragement client should do the majority of talking three feet of distance Counsellor should use encouragers open questions paraphrasing Encourage talking to go deeper to give meaning to relevant issues so that the client feels heard understood Feelings verbal (fluent) unconscious expressed as talk body language often in relation to culture environment Meaning | Opening skills tell me more... encouragers open questions non-coercive inviting positive what is bothering you? why did you schedule a session? Minimal Encouragers utterances to urge the client to reveal more uh huh I see I am following you Shows counsellor  attention understanding is on track without disruption Paraphrasing sums up understanding (preferably as a question) to encourage client’s confirmation of it: I hear from what you are saying that you think... It sounds like... From what I can tell, you think... It reflects counsellor understanding of client’s thoughts relevant experiences Reflection of feelings are fully fluent responses to the client that identify specific emotions (in relation to events and experiences) verbalize feelings to point to them objectively to then approach meanings careful use of thoughts vs. feeling vocabulary You feel <these feelings> Client response confirms correct feelings from impressions is disclosure Reflection of meaning Worldview/values from experiences life culture about self others world When expressing feeling, client will often return to superficial facts as they “feel safer,” possibly cyclically Summarizing statements focus facts experiences thoughts feelings meanings Summarizing types: Focus highlight issues keep on track Signal that material is absorbed move on with “story” Thematic reflects patterns places to return to that are certain to provide "inroads" to deeper meaning | Open Questions invite expression encourage the client to offer rich details less coercive for clients who are inhibited could you tell me about the <specific experiences>? Closed Questions obtain specific information (increased granularity) short factual How often many long strong Leading questions get to the underlying beliefs that create emotions as a fluent message that is probably hidden, or unconscious |

### Citable reference (APA format)

Young, M. (2009). Learning the art of helping: Building blocks and techniques. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Merrill/Pearson.
# Java Programming/Tutorials

Tutorials include:
# Creating a Notepad application

You wouldn't be able to learn Java wholly if you don't practice working on sample programs. Throughout these tutorials we will help you grasp the true workability with Java projects. The first tutorial in the series is that of creating a simple Windows based application that resembles a notepad.

## Coding the basics
### Setting the class structure

To start programming on our example, we need to write down a class that will encapsulate our Notepad application. We begin with a simple class structure that is empty in the beginning and will be filled appropriately afterward.

### Defining an entry point

    For an in-depth study into the structure of entry points, read the section on The Entry Point.
Because we need our class to be executed, we need an entry point to help it execute while it is stand-alone. To do so, we define a main(...) method that would take care of the execution code.

### Laying the base for a main frame

The next step is to lay the foundation for a frame on which the Notepad application needs to be executed. For this, we import three generic packages namely java.awt.*, java.awt.event.* and javax.swing.*. Now, because we have javax.swing.* package imported in our code, we can safely extend our Notepad class with the JFrame class.

### Using the properties of the frame

Using the super method, we try calling the super-class' constructor to access other properties and methods declared in the super-class. The constructor call that we made is an explicit call, that is, we specifically called for it. But, even if we hadn't called the super method, it would implicitly (or automatically) be called.
In the code below, we try to access the methods inherited into the Notepad class in two different ways. Notice the this variable. The this variable, as you might have had studied, helps to call the variables that are a part of the class the variable is called within. The this variable used in this example is used to access the setSize(...) and the setDefaultCloseOperation(...) methods whilst within the class.
These two methods help in setting the size of the form and then introducing a DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE event that would dispose or destroy the frame object once the particular form is closed either by clicking the Close button or by pressing Alt+F4.
Whilst in the main(...) method, we initialize and instantiate the Notepad object. Now because we have a Notepad object named notepad with us, we can access public methods from its reference. We use the same object to call the setVisible(...) method. This would be the second way that we can use to access an object's methods and properties.
The code above is enough to display a blank frame that is of 300 pixel width and 300 pixel height aligned at the top-left corner of the desktop screen. Try closing the frame to check if the DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE code works. It should work! Then for a test, try taking out the setDefaultCloseOperation(...) method or just comment it to see what happens otherwise.
# Java Programming/Struts/Struts Tag Library

Struts provides a library of JSP tags for use in constructing an application.

## Common Features

All Struts tags are designed to accept common attributes, and share a common method of interacting with the environment. These attributes all refer to keyed beans stored in the page, request, session, or application objects using the setAttribute function of each. The four most common features are:
| Attribute | Attribute Name |
| Name | The key to find the bean under. |
| Scope | The Scope attribute identifies the context to find the key in. If the scope is undefined, every available context will be searched in the order of page, request, session, and then application. |
| id | The name of the scripting value that is created in the page context by this tag. |
| Property | Specifies the Java Bean property to be placed in the page context. If this is not specified, the bean itself will be placed in the page context. |
All of these attributes, where they apply, are used in similar ways in order to simplify the interface.

### Nested References

The struts tag library also provides the ability to call deeper than just what's been added to the available contexts. For instance, to access the bean b within the bean a, you would set the name attribute to "a" and the property attribute to "b". However, if b had a property containing another bean (c) that you wished to access, the property attribute could be set to "b.c".
Additionally, indexed references can be used. If a an array of b, item two of the array could be referenced using a property value of "b[2]".
In summary:
| In Struts Tags | Expressed in java |
| < ... name="a" property="b" > | context.getAttribute("a").getB |
| < ... name="a" property="b.c" > | context.getAttribute("a").getB.getC |
| < ... name="a" property="b[2]" > | context.getAttribute("a").getB(2) |
| < ... name="puppy" property="cat.rabbit[8]" > | context.getAttribute("puppy").getCat.getRabbit(8) |

## Bean tags

These tags all relate to Java Beans. They are used to create and access objects that use the JavaBeans standard. Because the design of Struts is intended to decouple logic and presentation, these tags are unable to modify beans.

## Html tags

These tags create HTML entities. They are used to avoid the use of scriptlets for tasks like prepopulating forms or determining the targets of links.

## Logic tags

These tags are used for control flow within the document. If constructions, iteration, and page redirects are included in this namespace.

## Further Reading

More Struts Tutorials : http://www.strutsmypassion.com
# Java Programming/TOC
### Preface

* About this book
* History of Java
* Overview of the Java programming language
* The Java platform (JRE & JDK)

### Getting started

* Installing Java on Your Computer
* Compiling programs
* Running Java programs
* Understanding a Java program
* Java IDEs

### Language fundamentals

* Statements
* Conditional blocks
* Loop blocks
* Boolean expressions
* Variables
* Primitive Types
* Arithmetic expressions
* Literals
* Methods
* String
* Objects
* Packages
* Arrays
* Mathematical functions
* Large numbers
* Random numbers
* Unicode
* Comments
* Keywords
* Coding conventions

### Classes and objects

* Defining classes
* Inheritance
* Interfaces
* Overloading methods and constructors
* Object Lifecycle
* Scope
* Nested classes
* Generics

### Aggregate

* Collection
* ArrayList
* Map
* Comparing Objects

### Exceptions

* Throwing and catching exceptions
* Checked exceptions
* Unchecked exceptions
* Preventing NullPointerException
* Stack trace
* Nesting exceptions (chained exceptions)

### Concurrent Programming

* Threads and Runnables
* Basic Synchronization
* Client Server Programming
* Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
* Enterprise JavaBean Programming (EJB)
* Java Spaces Programming (Jini)

### Annotations

* Javadoc
* Introduction to Annotation
* Creating custom annotations
* Meta-annotations
* Helping the compiler

### Designing user interfaces

* Basic I/O
* Streams
* Event handling
* JavaBeans
* Canvas
* Graphics
** Drawing basic shapes
** Drawing complex shapes
** Drawing text
** Understanding gradients
* Applets
   * Overview
   * User Interface
   * Event Listeners
   * Graphics and Media

### Reflection

* Reflection Overview
* Dynamic Class Loading
* Dynamic Method Invocation
* Accessing Private Features with Reflection

### Advanced topics

* Networking
* Database programming
* Regular Expressions
* Libraries, extensions and frameworks
* 3D programming
* Java Native Interface
* Invoking C
* Byte Code

### Appendices

* Links
* Glossary
* Index
# History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/William Philip Bechervaise/Notes/1840s
## William Philip Bechervaise - Notes & Transcriptions - 1840s
### 1840s
#### 1849 06

First reference to the unusual surname Bechervaise in Trove Newspapers, possibly a letter to Bechervaise's brother, later a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy
   General Post Office, Sydney, 1st June, 1849. LIST of Ship Letters detained in consequence of the Sea Postage required thereon, not having been paid. . . . Bechervaise Mr., H. M.S. "Excellent," Portsmouth.

## References

* ↑ "Government Gazette Notices". New South Wales Government Gazette (New South Wales, Australia) (81): p. 896. 12 June 1849. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230366273. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
# Information Technology and Ethics/The Future of Free Expression Conclusion
## Conclusion

As we navigate the intricacies of freedom of expression in the digital age, it is evident that the internet acts both as a facilitator of democratic engagement and a medium for notable challenges. Digital technologies have transformed access to information and revolutionized our communication methods, enabling an unprecedented spread of diverse voices and ideas. This has significantly empowered individuals to share their perspectives more freely and broadly, influencing public discourse and policies worldwide.
Yet, this expanded freedom comes with substantial risks. Digital platforms that promote free speech also contribute to the spread of misinformation, provide arenas for cyberbullying, and nurture echo chambers that polarize public opinion. While social media plays a crucial role in fostering engagement and raising awareness, it struggles with issues related to content moderation, privacy, and the potential for censorship. The anonymity afforded by the internet, while protective for some, can also be misused by malicious actors.
Striking a balance between promoting free expression and regulating its abuses is a delicate endeavor. Governments and platforms are tasked with developing policies that prevent harm without violating fundamental human rights. International human rights frameworks offer foundational guidance; however, the specific challenges of digital interactions require more targeted and flexible approaches.
Looking ahead, the application of artificial intelligence and algorithmic content moderation will be central to ongoing ethical and practical discussions. It is vital to ensure that these technologies operate impartially and uphold human dignity. Additionally, enhancing digital literacy and advocating for responsible online behavior is key to building a public that is both informed and capable of discerning the complexities of the digital landscape.
To maximize the benefits of digital technologies while protecting the core values of freedom and dignity, ongoing dialogue about the ethical dimensions of digital expression is essential. Continual reassessment of our legal and societal norms will be crucial. This endeavor demands not only vigilance but also a dedication to innovation and collaboration across various sectors and countries. By doing so, we can ensure that the digital space remains a domain of empowerment rather than a tool for suppression.
* ↑ Protecting Free Speech
* ↑ Digital Rights
* ↑ Media Safety
# Mambo Open Source/Resources

* Mambo Open Source - home
* Configuration | Design | Content | Development | Miscellaneous
* Resources
This is a list of useful resources for Mambo Open Source.

### Official Sites

* The Source - official site
* Bug Tracker
* The official forum
* The Mambo Foundation
* Mambo Code forge
* Mambo Manual - official documentation wiki

### Portals

* PortalMambo - The spanish community portal for Mambo!
* Mamboportal - the largest Mambo community has 300 templates online (as of 2005.07)
* MamboHut.Com - can preview hundreds of templates live
* MamboAwards - gives awards to good Mambo sites
* Mambo hosting reviews
* MamboDirect
* Mambo Hub
* MamboPT
* Mambo Communities

### Templates

* MamboHut - the largest database of templates available
* Mamplates - Commercial and free Mambo Templates
* MamboOS - Many free Mambo Templates
* Mambo templates, free Mambo templates
* SursumMedia - Commercial Mambo Templates and Multimedia Productions

### International

* Tu comunidad en español para Mambo!
* Spanish languague site about mambo
* Polish community
* Mambo Indonesia
* Russian Coordinator and Partner Site Administrator: Dima Kudryavtsev
* Dutch Mambo community
# Mambo Open Source/Style reference

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
This are the rules for all modules in the Mambo Open Source book. Follow them without exceptions!

## Naming of content items

Name content item like this: Mambo Open Source/Name of item.

## Include the chapter list

Add {{MAMBOTOC_SMALL}} to the top of every chapter of the book. This outputs the small table of contents, called chapters, and is needed for proper navigation in the book. This will also place pages in the Book:Mambo Open Source category.
# Mambo Open Source/Table of contents (official)

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
this is collection of official help TOC in one place:

## Installation Manual

| x1 Item Title | x2 date,reviewed? |
| Upgrading 4.5(1.0.9) to 4.5.1 | n |
| Getting Mambo from the CVS | n |
| Configuration File | n |
| Manual Installation (the less easy way) | n |
| Browser Installation (the easy way) | n |
| Getting the Files | n |
| Configuring MySQL | n |
| System Requirements | n |
| Preface | n |
# Management Concepts and Applications
## Contents

* Cover and interwiki links
* Unit 1: Management
** Definition and Meaning
** Nature and purpose
** Evolution of Management thoughts
*** Contributions of F.W Taylor
*** Contributions of Henry Fayol
*** Human relations approach
*** System approach to management
** Skills and Functions of a manager
* Unit 2: Planning
* Unit 3: Decision making
* Unit 4: Organizing
* Unit 5: Leadership
* Unit 6: Controlling
* Author(s)
*** Contribution of Henry Fayols Management Thought-----
Fayol has been considered as the real father of modern management,He was a French industrialist and graduated as amining engineer in 1860.In 1860 Fayol contributed his famous "अFunctional Approach" To the management literature from 1900 to 1918.there was no significancte contrih to bye literature. FayolsPrinciples of management---- 1)Division of Work 2)Authority and Reasponsibility 3)Discipline 4)Unity of command 5)unity of Directiob 6)Remuneration 7)Centralisation 8)scalar Chain or Hierarchy 9)Order 10)Equity 11)Stability of Tenure of Personnel 12)InitiTive 13)Esprit de corps 14)Subordination of individual onterest to General Interestss
# Mambo Open Source/Templates

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
Templates (or skins) are the set of directory and files (icons, .html and .css). definition of the way the mambo-interface - that is your site, explained in normal terms - will look. They are highly configurable, and can be used in many different ways.
The templates are acting exactly the same as a skins. The templates are predefined looks (designs), which make mambo look a certain way (color patterns, icons for navigation, etc...). The templates do not control the behavior, though, as in other systems that use templates - it is a look-only definition.
Explained very simply, a template is a HTML/CSS document that has code in it which makes it compatible with mambo. For example, there are code for loading the modules of a certain position, there are code to load the main body (main content) and so on.

## Example

see: Create your own template

## Complete list of templates

see.. Resources#Templates
# Mambo Open Source/Which options available for each usertype

* TOC
* Chapters
* Home
* Configuration
* Design
* Content
* Development
* Miscellaneous
There are a number of different user types in Mambo, and it can be useful to know that privileges and rights each user type has. Sometimes, you may want a user to be able to write content but not publish it - there are user types for this.

### Guest

The guest user is anyone visiting your website that has not logged in yet. Your site visitors can view all content and utilize all feature of the website that are available to all users including guests.
All other user levels have the same privileges as the guest user along with additional capabilities.

## Frontend
### Registered user

The registered users will have access to all menu items in the class "public" and "registered". The user will also have access to edit its own user details such as password and real name

### Author

Access to the "new" buttons that shows under the articles when browsing a content category. Can't publish new articles, and cannot edit existing ones.

### Editor

Can edit already published articles, as well as create new ones. Cannot publish articles.

### Publisher

A publisher can create items, save them and publish them - a publisher can in other words publish articles on the front page without any approval from admininstrators.

## Backend
### Manager

Access these menu-items:
* Home
* Site
** Media Manager
** Preview
** Statistics
* Menu (with all available menus)
* Content (all content)
* Help
These Quickicons are available:
* Help
* All Content Items
* Static Content Manager
* Front page Manager
* Section Manager
* Category Manager

### Administrator

Access these menu-items:
* Home
* Site
** Media Manager
** Preview
** Statistics
** Trash manager
** User manager
* Menu (with all available menus)
* Content (all content)
* Components (all components)
* Modules
* Mambots
* Installers
* Help
Quickicons available:
All except from Global Configuration.

### Super Administrator

All links and quickicons available - can edit, modify and change every option available. Has access to database functions.