OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PSLE Study Guide/English/Paper 1

ENGLISH PAPER 1 The English paper 1 usually comprises of a composition and a situational writing(SW). You will be given an hour and ten minutes to finish the compo and SW , inclusive of planning.
COMPOSITION The compo is usually comprised of 4 pictures and you are to write a story according to the pictures.Since 2015, there is a change to the composition format where you can choose from 3 different pictures to create a story.You need to choose at least one picture.This allows for greater creativity and more content. To excel , a tip is to read more compositions and stories to let you have more ideas to choose from. Also , read the composition at least once after you have finished to check for any gsp errors, Gsp-Grammar, Spelling and punctuation You can also use more good vocabulary to get higher marks.Remember to always stick to the theme (etc You are to write a composition about KINDNESS) and mention the picture more than once in your story clearly.For example, if i chose a picture about a crying boy i need to state that a boy was crying in my composition clearly. It is not recommended to use more than one picture in your composition.
SITUATIONAL WRITING(SW) A situational writing is usually of writing a postcard, email or letter. It will come in two tones: Formal or Informal. There would usually be a poster or pictures describing a story.There will be six points at the back of the picture. You will also be told what to write about on the back. Be sure not to spend more than 20 minutes on this.Start off with a 'sir' or 'madam' and read at least once after you have finished for GSP errors.Usually one or more of the six points on the back of the paper will be on one sentence like: Where and when is the competition held? When you end , use Your Sincerely if you know who the person is(your friend, principal etc) or Your Faithfully if you do not know the person.If the tone is informal, start off with a how are you? or a friendly question after the Dear ... . If the tone is Formal , you would have to write formally.(respectful and like speaking to your elders) You have to use a two finger spacing for each paragraph for reports.You can also use two finger spacings to start a paragraph not in reports or just start on a new line.
End of English Paper 1
# Introduction

Ignition timing is adjustable on both Oppama ignitions, and Easy Start Ignition systems (released January 2012 in USA).
The basic procedure will require measuring a displacement distance of piston travel before Top Dead Center, setting the piston at that distance, and then adjusting the ignition coil to be triggered at that point.
There are two ignition systems that have been used on the PRD Fireball in the US, and the steps to update them are different.

# 2012 to Present (Easy Start Ignition)

See RLV's Easy Start Ignition Adjustment for the procedure to set your timing for an Easy Start Ignition.
The procedure below reflects the same basic steps as officially recommended by RLV.

## What You'll Need
### Tools

* Wrench to remove spark plug.
* Caliper.
* Allen head wrenches.

## Steps

* Remove the sparkplug.
* Rotate the crankshaft such that the piston is approaching Top Dead Center (TDC), but not quite there yet.
* Insert the depth gauge of the caliper into the cylinder through the spark plug hole, bringing the gauge to the tip of the piston crown.
* Hold the caliper normal to the head, and keep it centered.
* Rotate the piston up to TDC and past.
* Carefully zero the caliper by pressing the zero button.
* Add 0.200" to the caliper reading - this should make the depth gauge longer.
* Rotate the engine to roughly Bottom Dead Center (BDC).
* Insert the depth gauge of the caliper into the cylinder, again, holding it normal and as centered as possible.
* Raise the piston toward TDC until it touches the caliper - ensure you raise it in the correct direction for the engine's normal operational direction.
* With the engine in this position, adjust the ignition sensor such that the "button" is within the hollowed out region of the ignition timing wheel. The "button" should be tangentially coincident, albeit on non-intersecting planes, to the upper edge of the timing wheel.
* Hand tighten your ignition timing plate's Allen bolts.
* Repeat the process to ensure the location of 0.200" is correct.
* Torque the Allen bolts.
* Reassemble.
# PSLE Study Guide/Mathematics
## Sample question

80% of the fish in a tank were guppies and the rest were mollies. After 27 guppies and 12 mollies left the tank, 75% of the fish in the tank were guppies. Find the total number of fish in the tank at first.
# Introduction

This page implements a Wikibooks:Manual of Style for the PRD Fireball Shop Manual. This page provides clarification of the expected styling for each page belonging to the book, and is open to discussion and change when required.

# Page Composition

This section enumerates the acceptable "types" of pages that should exist in a "shop manual". Those pages, serving differing purposes, may require differing structures. All pages of the same "type" deserve a consistent style. Set fourth below is the current style suggestion for each page type. If new page types are added, very likely a styling section should be added to address that new page type.

## Adjustments and Maintenance Procedures

The following item headlines should be covered at Heading Level 1:
* Introduction Cover the purpose of the procedure, and the components which the procedure is applicable to. List components in an ordered list to enhance the visibility and perceived importance.
* What You'll Need
    Detail the items associated with each category, both required or optional, for completing the procedure as Heading Level 2:
** Tools
** Replacement Parts
** Consumable Materials
** Equipment i.e. Safety equipment.
* Steps Detail the "high-level steps" as Heading Level 2. i.e. "==Remove Head==". Below each "high-level step", detail the precise step-by-step instructions in an ordered list. i.e. "# Remove the four M13 nuts from the head studs."
See Bottom End for an example of a procedure that exemplifies this styling guideline.
# People's Tactics/Transfers

Using the transfer command, you may transfer units from one formation to another. Transferring between non-SHQ units can only be done in the same hex, while transferring from SHQ units can be done over great distances provided you control the territory or the sea. At the start of the turn, the MOBCAP and the CARGOCAP of each SHQ is calculated on the basis of the number of mobile types (usually trucks) and cargo ship types in the SHQ. MOBCAP is spent by transferring over land and CARGOCAP is spent transferring over sea. You can only transfer to an overseas formation if there is a connection using 2 harbors (i.e. there is no version of amphibious supply for transfers). Transferring between units does not decrease the unit's built up experience; sending troops back to an SHQ, however, does.
# People's Tactics/Scenario Editor/Research

To edit the research for a scenario, select any hex with a unit and click the research button.

### Add researchfield [editor only] button

Click this button to add a research field. The following parameters must be entered.
* “Research Field #” – research fields are numbered; choose a free number unless you want to overwrite an existing research field. The research field numbers are displayed next to the “NR:”.
* “Research field name” – the name of the research field. This is displayed in the “Current knowledge” and “Possible new buys” areas. A maximum of 33 characters will be displayed, but try to not to exceed 20.
* “Field 1 needed” – the research field number of the first prerequisite research field. Leave blank for no prerequisite.
* “Field 2 needed” – the research field number of the second prerequisite research field. Leave blank for no prerequisite.
* “PP cost” – the cost of the research field in political points
* “Research field memo” – the text that will be displayed. This is limited to approximately 254 characters, including spaces.

### Change name

This button allows the name of a research field to be changed without re-entering all the data. The “Research Field #” and “Research field name” must be entered.

### Change need

This button allows the prerequisites of a research field to be changed without re-entering all the data. The “Research Field #”, “Field 1 needed” and “Field 2 needed” must be entered.

### Delete button

Clicking this button brings up a window prompting you to enter a number. Enter the number of the of the research field you want to delete. Changes made via deletion are not automatically updated, so exit the research window and re-enter to see changes.

### Delete [editor only]

This button removes the research field selected in the “Current knowledge area” from the “Current knowledge area”. Changes made via deletion are not automatically updated, so exit the research window and re-enter to see changes.

### Buy this research field

This button gives the research field selected in the “Possible new buys” to the regime who’s hex was selected when the research button was clicked. No political points are subtracted from the regime.
# People's Tactics/Shortcuts

| M | Move |
| A | Attack |
| T | Transfer |
| P | Production |
| C | Change Command |
| N | New Unit |
| L | Load Unit |
| U | Unload Unit |
| I | Interdict |
| E | Entrench |
| S | Strategic Bombing |
| O | Officer Pool |
| R | Research |
| F | Airdrop/lift |
| Y | Air supply |
| SPACE | Confirm (Move/Attack) |
| ESC | Cancel |
| F1 | Toggle sound on/off |
# People's Tactics/Supply

Without adequate supply your units cannot recover readiness. Without adequate supply, or with no supply at all, your units will lose readiness, even when doing nothing. It is vital for your military to have and maintain good lines of supply.
People's Tactics supply type icons image
Basically, a hex can be supplied in one of three different ways. The first, and easiest to maintain, is through a traceable land route. Secondly, through a traceable land and sea route in which case both a sending port and receiving port are under your control. The third method is through a traceable land and sea route but with only a sending port under your control. This method is known as “amphibious supply” and it carries a 50% penalty due to the difficulty of the medium
The line of supply is traced from a formation to their SHQ. If you have multiple SHQs, there will be multiple lines of supply. A formation uses the SHQ of its THQ for supply.
If there is not enough supply available in the SHQ to supply all its formations it will send partial supply to all.
A SHQ can save up to a certain amount of unspent supply. This can be used in the future or used for air supplying units.
A SHQ has a certain maximum limit to where it can supply formations. Formations further than half this limit away get penalties. If they are out of limit they will get no supply and their counter will turn orange as a warning for the player.
Keep in mind that units that do nothing will use almost no supply, while units that move and battle a lot will use lots more of supply.
Keeping your formations too far away from their respective THQs will result in supply loss.
Use the hex info button in the status report to get detailed info on how a hex is supplied. Especially if you have multiple SHQ this could be interesting and affect your strategy.
# Performance Management
## Introduction
### What is performance?

Performance management is the process of creating a work environment or setting in which people are enabled to perform to the best of their abilities. Performance management is a whole work system that begins when a job is defined as needed. It ends when an employee leaves your organization.
Many writers and consultants are using the term “performance management” as a substitution for the traditional appraisal system. I encourage you to think of the term in this broader work system context. A performance management system includes the following action.

## Definition of Performance Management

An effective performance management system aligns individual performance with the organisation's mission, vision and objectives. - American Compensation Association (1996)

## Characteristics of an ideal performance management system
#### Strategic Congruence

The strategic goals of the organisation should be linked to the goals of individuals and teams.

#### Standardization

If your evaluation criteria and methods are not standardized, you cannot say that you use them to hold your employees to a "standard." The aspects of performance that you measure must be uniform, and you must strive to maintain a constant level of strictness. Varying your level of strictness or your methods will only lead to your employees lacking faith in their managers and in the system itself.

#### Validity and Conciseness

Performance management systems should only measure what is valid to the tasks at hand. Less is often more when it comes to selecting evaluation criteria. If you are evaluating customer-service representatives in a call center, do not evaluate them on their ability to operate heavy machinery.

#### Legality

Make sure that you are not evaluating your employees in an illegal manner. Consult an attorney before employing a questionable method of evaluation.

#### Due Process

As with criminal investigations, if employees receive sub-par evaluations, give them the chance to defend themselves. Make sure that management adequately informed them of expectations, that the company provided them with all necessary resources and that there is no mistake in the evaluation. Even in cases where employees are performing at an unacceptable level, allow for redemption and reform.

#### Proper Training for Evaluators

No performance management system can succeed when those carrying out evaluations are inadequately trained. Make sure that your evaluators fully understand the responsibilities of those whom they are evaluating. Have them work in that capacity for a short time if necessary. When possible, have those who have proven their ability to work well in that capacity perform the evaluations.

#### No Bias of Reward

Do not reward evaluators for finding negative or positive results, as this will skew their evaluations in either direction and lead to distrust between your employees.
# Radiation Oncology/CNS/Miscellaneous CNS

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials

## Meningeal Melanocytomas

Rare, benign lesions, with high recurrence rate. Thought to be derived from leptomeningeal melanocytes. Contain melanin pigment. Usually positive for HMB 45, Melan A, vimentin, and S-100. May recur as melanomas and may metastasize.
* Review: PMID 15160350, 2004 — "Therapy of meningeal melanocytomas." Rades D et al. Cancer. 2004 Jun 1;100(11):2442-7.
** Reviewed all published literature since 1972. 89 pts included.
** Demographics: 46 spinal cord, 43 brain. Median f/u 5 yrs.
** Overall recurrence rate 37%. 24% after complete resection (CTR), 0% after CR + RT, 78% after incomplete resection (ITR), 24% after ITR + RT. For ITR + RT, dose response for local control (86% for 45-55 Gy vs 27% for < 40 Gy)
** Conclusions: complete resection should be performed when possible. Incomplete resection should be followed with RT, approx 45 Gy.
# Radiation Oncology/CNS/Sphenopalatine neuralgia

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Sphenopalatine Neuralgia
* Rare craniofacial pain syndrome, also known as Sluder's Neuralgia
* Characterized by unilateral pain in the orbit, mouth, nose, and posterior mastoid process.
* Also associated increased autonomic activity resulting in ipsilateral nasal drainage, eye irritation, and lacrimation
* May be caused by irritation of the pterygopalatine ganglion, possibly secondary to infection
* Typically female 2:1 male predominance
# Radiation Oncology/CNS/Trigeminal neuralgia

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Trigeminal Neuralgia
* Overview
* Primary Treatment
* Retreatment
# Radiation Oncology/CNS/NGGCT

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors (NGGCTs)
# Serial Programming/Modems and AT Commands/Result Codes
## Result Codes

p
# Serial Programming/List of Authors

If you wish to be formally listed as an author of Serial Data Communications, please sign your name below.
According to the United States Code for registering a copyrighted work, you must include your nationality (what country you claim citizenship in) and the country you are currently residing in, if different. It is also suggested by the U.S. Copyright office to include the year you were born, for identification purposes. They also ask for the year of death, and if you know of a Wikibookian who has passed away, this would also be useful. How exactly we are going to collect this information for users and contributors of this Wikibooks is totally unknown, and is going to be an interesting little ride. Please add comments in the discussion page if you have any reservations about giving this information out. This is moving into new territory here, so we don't know exactly what is going to be required or if new policies should or ought to be developed.
Keep in mind, this information is needed only if you want to be credited formally as the author of this Wikibook and have your information correctly cited in any formal registration procedure for this Wikibook. Efforts to get this information put into the general user record of MediaWiki have met with huge resistance even on a voluntary basis, so this is the only forum for you to even put this sort of information out to the public. This information may also be needed for enforcement of copyright laws in the unfortunate situation where somebody copies this Wikibook contrary to the terms of the GFDL. An attempt to contact you would then be done to see if you would be willing to enforce your copyright for this Wikibook.
Anonymous authors include those who made edits without logging in as a user. While edits of this nature are appreciated, there is no way we can give attribution to any specific person unless they have created an account here.

## Authors

* Robert Horning
* Renffeh
* DavidCary
* Jhdiii
* HumbertoDiogenes
* Netch
* Breakpoint
* Insaneinside
* Ashfaq
* Gareth Richardson
And many anonymous Wikibook contributors
Please add {{alphabetical}} only to book title pages.
# Serial Programming/MIL-STD-188

NOTE: This is a very sparse document right now. You may want to check out wikipedia:RS-422 or wikipedia:RS-232 in the meantime for more information.

## History

(stub)

## Physical Layer

(stub)

### Requirements

(stub)

### Limitations

(stub)

## Handshaking

(stub)

## MIL-STD-188 in the Real World

(stub)

### Typical Applications

(stub)

### Nonstandard Connectors and Wiring

(stub)

### Physical Limitations in Practice

(stub)

### Military Application Notes

(stub)
# Mathematical Proof and the Principles of Mathematics/Logic/Rules of inference summary

This is a list of the rules of inference given in previous sections. In the notation being used, a solid horizontal bar means that the statement below is a valid deduction from the statement(s) above. A vertical bar with a horizontal bar connected to it means that whatever is to the right of the vertical bar is a subproof, and whatever is above the horizontal bar are assumption(s) and whetever is below the horizontal bar is what has been derived. The names given are just placeholders and no guarantees are made that they are standard in any way.

## Propositional logic
### Rules not requiring subproofs

* Iteration
* $P$
* $P$
* Use of contradiction
* $False$
* $P$
* Disjunction by first case
* $P$
* $P$ or $Q$
* Disjunction by second case
* $Q$
* $P$ or $Q$
* First use of conjunction
* $P$ and $Q$
* $P$
* Second use of conjunction
* $P$ and $Q$
* $Q$
* Implication from the conclusion
* $Q$
* $P$ implies $Q$
* Implication from false assumption
* not $P$
* $P$ implies $Q$
* Double negation
* not not $P$
* $P$
* Equivalence to implication
* $P$ iff $Q$
* $P$ implies $Q$
* Equivalence to converse
* $P$ iff $Q$
* $Q$ implies $P$
* Conjunction by components
* $P$
* $Q$
* $P$ and $Q$
* Use of disjunction, first alternative false
* $P$ or $Q$
* not $P$
* $Q$
* Use of disjunction, second alternative false
* $P$ or $Q$
* not $Q$
* $P$
* Use of implication, from premise (modus ponens)
* $P$ implies $Q$
* $P$
* $Q$
* Use of implication, from false conclusion (modus tollens)
* $P$ implies $Q$
* not $Q$
* not $P$

### Rules requiring one subproof

* Implication by direct proof
* $P$
* $Q$
$P$ implies $Q$ :
# Models and Theories in Human-Computer Interaction/A mix of CogSci and SocSci
## How Wikibook is a mix of Cognitive Science and Social Science

The entire idea of a wiki is that the information posted can be edited, removed, or added to through the wiki community. While certainly there are a lot of cognitive actions from each individual user, it would be something closer to an academic article or blog without the ease of editing from the community. The cognitive actions involve finding the information, posting the information, and editing information. The social aspect of it comes when others add to the original post. They can see what was posted, learn something, and add some of their own information. I agree with Edwin Hudgins that knowledge lies not only within the individual, but also in the individual's social and physical environment. By the transparency of the collaborative computer-mediated interface, the human to human interaction is encouraged.

## How Socially Distributed Cognition Applies

Since much of the theories discussed over wikibooks (our class included), involve more than a mathematical equation and are more subject to interpretation, the ability to gain knowledge from the other users is critical. Even before posting this I read a few of the other postings. Much of the knowledge gained is through the transduction of the actual information. The environment in which knowledge is shared is a significant factor. Complex information sometimes can not be fully embodied in something like the GOMS model, instead it is on a macro scale. The representations, instead of being certain aspects of cognitive processes in the brain are all of them as well as the computer processes. The inputs and outputs are for the entire system (the computers, information, human thoughts, and means of relaying the information.
# Models and Theories in Human-Computer Interaction/Accelerated Returns
### The Law of Accelerating Returns (Daniel Gorsuch)

Looking at the history of technology, it is seen that technological advancement happens exponentially. The rate of advancement in the 21st century is so profound it is unprecedented in human history. For the first time, in human history we are at the point of immerging biological intelligence with non-biological intelligence.
The intuitive linear view dramatically underestimates the advancement of technology because it does not consider the exponential factor of the rate to the evolution of technology. This is historical exponential view. The rate of progress is not constant, however it fluctuates exponentially over time due needs and to the adoptability of humans within their environment.
The Law of Accelerating returns utilizes positive feedback advancing more capable biological and technological methods moving forward in time. How the advancement is used ether biologically or technologically impacts the continued advancement. Technological evolution is an aspect of human biological evolution. As exponential advancement occurs it can move to a point where a paradigm shift occurs, the most unique example is the emergence of the world-wide web. This technology did not exist until recently and has had a significant impact to humanity globally.