OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deving The XGameStation/Edit Guide

This editing guide is to help guide those wishing to add to the book "Deving The XGameStation".

## How to Edit this book
### Links

First of all, the links used in this book are in the form of:
[[Deving_The_XGameStation/Your_Page_Here|Link Text]]
Which appears as:
Link Text
Important: Do not create that page or click on that link! Notice that we use the book name as the main directory and that we replace spaces with underscores ("_").

### Inserting Code

To insert code in book text, enclose it in <code></code> and make sure that every line starts with a space. Doing so correctly will result in something that looks like this:

### Signatures

Signatures are used to tell people who wrote what, or to mark something as their text. They should not, however, be found in the general text. This is a community effort, and there is no need to clutter text with signatures. You should only use your signature for opinionated areas, pages you created (use it once, to show yourself as 'controller' of that page, as most of the knowleadge should have come from you).
To place a signature, you must first be logged in. Although you can create and edit pages without an account, it is highly recommend you create one. Without an account you cannot place signatures.
Simply insert --~~~~ where you want your signature or click on the signature button above the textarea, 2nd button from the right. A signature looks like this:
--Cjmovie 22:10, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

## Major Contributions

If you do a Major Contribution to this book, such as adding a complete section, please add your 'signature' to the list of Major Contributors as linked to on the main page.

## Editing Rules

There are a few rules that must be followed to make this book work. Without rules, there would be chaos. Being the starter of the book I have assumed responsibility for it's upkeep and therefore will organize it and set it's guidelines. Not to say that someone else couldn't help me! These are the rules for editing this book:
* Creating A Page
** Don't create a page you're not going to fill it in yourself
** Never expect someone else to check behind you. Check your work!
** Pages you create are not your page. It may be edited, changed, even completely removed if needed
** A page should really be a 'Chapter', meaning it should be organized and sectioned
* Other Rules
** Anything with opinion to it should be marked with your signature. Please login and use an account while editing this book
--Cjmovie 21:46, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
# Deving The XGameStation/Contributors
## Page/Information Contributions

--Cjmovie 11:29, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
* Book Creation
* 'Creating Your First Program' Section 1
* 'How to Edit' Original Sections
* Misc. Fixes, Organization, etc.
--Ashmantle 01:09, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
* (Insert Contributions Here)
# Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Afterword

The debate over DCPP has spawned subsidiary debates about crucial terminology.
Several areas of contention exist with regard to terminology.
* Is Diablo a Power Plant or a Nuclear Power Plant?
* Was the event at Fukushima an incident, an accident or a disaster?

## Choosing nomenclature to characterize the incident

Incident is a technical term for classifying nuclear events which contradict plans. There is a graded system of levels of nuclear incident. Accident implies a failure of human or machine. Disaster suggests a natural catastrophic event. Yet an accident can be a disaster, in terms of its consequences. Thus, accident refers more to a specific malfunction or series of malfunctions, whereas disaster incorporates the consequences as well as the underlying incident or accident which caused it. But in effect, disaster tends to focus attention on the consequent, and it has an implication of massive scale.
One writer managed to incorporate both terms in one headline.. In the move The China Syndrome, two characters argue over use of the term "accident".

## References

* ↑ Ryan McGreal, the editor of Raise the Hammer
The Afterword module or this section of Fukushima Aftermath: Diablo Nuclear Redux? is an incomplete stub. You can help! Add your contributions.
# Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook
## Table of Contents
### Front Matter

* Preface
* Introduction

### Background

* Nuclear power plants made simple
* Light water (LW) nuclear reactor construction
* LW Reactor type: Boiling water reactor (Fukushima)
* Passive nuclear safety
* Structure:Nuclear reactor core
* Structure:Containment building

### History of protest and policy debates

* Anti nuclear movement: Overview
* USA protests
* California protests
* Abalone Alliance
* Documentary film "Dark Circle"

### The Devil Went Down to Fukushima

* The earthquake from hell Part 1
* The nighmare continues: Part 2
* Tsunami horror
* Japan's diabolical nuclear accident

### Post-Fukushima response

* Union of Concerned Scientists
* Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility Overview
* Mothers for Peace
* Sierra Club
* June 2011 NRC Safety Report

### Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant

* Diablo Canyon Power Plant Overview
* Pacific Gas and Electric
* June 2011 NRC Safety Report
* Overview of DCPP earthquake issues
* San Andreas Fault
* Shoreline Fault

### The Diablo Controversy

* Public Participation and Protest
* U.S. Representative Lois Capps
** Action: Capps letter re ASLB
* U.S.Senator Barbara Boxer
** Senator Boxer statement of June 16, 2011
* State Senator Sam Blakeslee, Ph.D.
* Blakeslee Testimony before US Senate
* US Senator Bernie Sanders (D-Vt.)

### Appendices

* Acknowledgements
* Contributors

## See also

* Fukushima Aftermath
* Fukushima Aftermath: Diablo Nuclear Redux?
* Fukushima Aftermath: Whither the Indian Point Nuke?
# Deving The XGameStation/Your First Program

Welcome to the first software development chapter of the book! To start this exercise you must have at least the following equipment:
* An XGameStation
* A Home PC
* The XGameStation Development Toolchain
The Development Toolchain can be found at http://www.xgamestation.com/ under the downloads section. The XGameStation itself costs $199, and you're on your own as to a Home PC. I myself have no experience with the Linux version created by a user - (Someone enter information on it here).
First of all, plug your XGS unit up to the power adaptor and into the wall. Then use the parallel cable provided with it and connect it to LPT1 of your computer. Finally, start the XGS IDE.
In this exercise we will create the most simple program possible that will give immediate feedback. First, Wire an LED up. It should be connected between rb.0 and ground. Be sure to check the datasheet for your LED so that you have it properly biased, as putting it in backwards won't work! Also, make sure to put a 330ohm resistor in series with it to limit current. Not doing that will result in a burned out LED or even damaging a battery in some cases! Let's start by entering this simple program into the IDE:
Now, hit the 'Assemble and Run' button on the Toolbar. If everything is connected correctly and you typed the program in correctly, it should say 'Programming Successful'. Now turn on your XGS and switch the SYSMODE switch to 'RUN'. Hit the Reset button. You LED should light up!
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Deductions

This data consists of the following two tables:
* Deduction
* Deduction Link
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Deductions/Deduction Link

This table contains one record for every deduction every employee has.
Used by: Human Resources, Payroll
Key: Deduction Number, Employee Number
Fields:
* Deduction Number
* Employee Number
* YTD Accumulation
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Hiring

This data consists of the following three tables:
* Applicant
* Position
* Link
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Hiring/Applicant

This table contains one record for every applicant for a position within the enterprise.
Used by: Human Resources
Key: Applicant Number
Fields:
* Applicant Number (a unique identifier assigned by the user)
* Employee Number (an applicant for a position can be an employee)
* Last Name
* First Name
* Middle Name
* Suffix
* Title (Mr/Ms/Mrs/etc.)
* Address 1
* Address 2
* City
* State/Province
* Country
* Zip/Postal Code
* Primary Telephone
* Secondary Telephone
* Mobile
* Pager
* E-mail (this is applicant's home e-mail address)
* Requested Salary
* Picture
* Ethnic Origin
* Entry Date
* Birthdate
* Gender
* SSN/SIN
* Preferred Contact Method
* Preferred Contact Time
* HR Employee Number
* Language
* Notes
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Hiring/Link

This table contains one record for every applicant for every position the enterprise is trying to fill.
Used by: Human Resources
Key: Position Number, Applicant Number
Fields:
* Position Number
* Applicant Number
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Hiring/Position

This table contains one record for every position the enterprise is trying to fill.
Used by: Human Resources
Key: Position Number
Fields:
* Position Number (a unique identifier assigned by the user)
* Description
* Job Title
* Department
* Salary Range
* Start Date
* Status
* Notes
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Benefits/Benefit

This table contains one record for every available benefit.
Used by: Human Resources, Payroll
Key: Benefit Number
Fields:
* Benefit Number (a unique identifier assigned by the user)
* Description
* Carrier
* Single Amount
* Family Amount
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Benefits/Benefit Link

This table contains one record for every benefit every employee has.
Used by: Human Resources, Payroll
Key: Benefit Number, Employee Number
Fields:
* Benefit Number
* Employee Number
* YTD Accumulation
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Deductions/Deduction

This table contains one record for every available regular deduction.
Used by: Human Resources, Payroll
Key: Deduction Number
Fields:
* Deduction Number (a unique identifier assigned by the user)
* Description
* Employee Amount
* Employee Percentage
* Employer Amount
* Employer Percentage
* Maximum
# ERP Internals/Data Tables/HR Planned Days Off

This table contains one record for every set of one or more planned days off.
Used by: Human Resources, Employee Scheduling
Key: Employee Number, Start Date, End Date
Fields:
* Employee Number
* Start Date
* End Date
* Type (Vacation, Leave of Absence, Compassionate Leave, etc.)
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Trauma/Lisfranc fracture-dislocation

The Lisfranc joint, named after a field surgeon in Napoleon's army who described a new technique of forefoot amputation for soldiers with gangrene related to frostbite, defines the boundary between the midfoot and forefoot. The joint can be disrupted traumatically by axial loading, with rotational forces directed either medially or laterally. This classically occurs when patients get their foot caught in something, such as stirrups when horse riding. Disruption of the lisfranc joint is also seen in the Charcot joint in diabetics.

## Clinical Presentation

The presention of patients with a traumatic lisfranc injury is variable depending on its severity. While some patients will present with obvious physical foot deformities, others may present with only midfoot pain with weight bearing. The typical clinical signs include midfoot plantar echhymosis, midfoot instability, and pain along the TMT joints with motion.

## Anatomy

The 5 TMT joints form the Lisfranc joint. Important ligaments transverse these joints, critical for support and strength. Ligaments connect the bases of each of the metatarsals to each other, except the first two. There is also an oblique ligament between the medial cuneiform and the base of the 2nd metatarsal.

## Radiologic Findings

The initial radiological work-up consists of an AP, lateral, and medial oblique views. If these views fail to demonstrate a lisfranc injury and there is high clinical suspicion, getting full weight bearing views or stress views if the patient is unable to weight bear is essential. A CT scan can also be obtained, which may show an occult injury.
The following should be considered when evaluating radiographs for a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation:
* Perhaps the most important alignment is along the second metatarsal and second cuneiform. A step-off between these two bones is indicative of a Lisfranc disruption.
* Malalignment of the fourth metatarsal and cuboid can also be diagnostic of a Lisfranc injury.
* The medial cuneiform-second metatarsal space should be evaluated for the "fleck sign" indicating avulsion of the Lisfranc ligament.
Fig. 1 Example of a Lisfranc fracture, demonstrating incongruity of the medial shaft of the 2nd metatarsal and middle cuneiform.
Fig. 2 Lisfranc fracture demonstrating lateral dislocation.
Fig. 3 Lisfranc fracture demonstrating medial dislocation of the 1st metatarsal.

## Treatment

Anatomically stable injuries can be treated conservatively, whereas unstable injuries or malalignment requires surgery. Generally, surgery involves open reduction and fixation with screws across the affected TMT joint(s). Screws are typically left in for 6 months.

## References

* Lisfranc fracture-dislocation by Mark Wilson, MD., University of Washington Department of Radiology.
* eMedicine
* Canale: Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 10th ed., Copyright 2003 Mosby, Inc.
* Resnick, et al.: Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders. Second edition. (1988)
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Trauma/Medial Collateral Ligament Injury
## Anatomy

The medial collateral ligament is typically divided into the superficial and deep bands. The superficial portion of the ligament typically arises from the medial femoral condyle and passes distally to insert approx. 5 cm below the joint line and posterior to the pes anserinus on the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. Superficial fibers are separated from the deep fibers by a bursa.
The deep ligament is firmly attached to the capsule and the midportion of the medial meniscus and attaches to the femur and tibia adjacent to the joint. The medial collateral ligament is a stabilizer that resists external rotation and anterior forces and is more often injured than its lateral counterpart.
Click here for anatomy link for Medial Collateral Ligament anatomy from Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics.

## Pathophysiology

This injury usually occurs when a blow to the outer side of the knee causes stretching or tearing of the medial collateral ligament. It can also be caused by twisting the knee. Specifically, the ligament is injured due to a valgus stress with the knee in flexion.

## Grading Injury

TYPES OF MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT INJURY(GRADE I-III):
Three appearances of the MCL with T2 Weighted Images.
I. A sprain, shows high T2 signal in the soft tissues medial to the MCL.
II. A severe sprain or partial tear, shows high signal in the soft tissues medial to the MCL, but also has high signal or partial disruption of the MCL itself. As well, there can be thinning of the MCl itself.
III. A complete tear, shows complete disruption of the MCL.

## Associated Injuries

Associated injuries of the capsule specifically meniscocapsular separation, and can be diagnosed by noting fluid between the MCL and the medial meniscus. Additionally, injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament are also commonly seen with these injuries.
Commonly seen injury is so named the UNHAPPY TRIAD:
* ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEAR
* MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT INJURY
* MEDIAL MENISCUS TEAR

## Treatment

Treatment of a medial collateral ligament injury rarely requires surgical intervention. Grade I sprains of the MCL usually resolve within a few weeks. Resting from activity, icing the injury and the use of anti-inflammatories will usually be all the treatment that is needed.
When a grade II MCL sprain occurs, use of a hinged knee brace is common in early treatment. Athletes with a grade II injury can return to activity once they are not having pain over the MCL. When a grade III injury occurs, patients usually wear a hinged knee brace and protect weight-bearing with a gradual return to normal activities. Patients with more severe injuries usually require physical therapy and will not return to their full level of activity for 3 to 4 months.

## References

* Medial Collateral Ligament Injury by Juan Millan, M.D., University of Washington Department of Radiology
* Agranoff AB, Kaplan RJ. Medial Collateral and Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury. EMedicine online.
* Medial Collateral Ligament. Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics online.
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Trauma/Meniscal Cysts

Well-defined cystic lesions located along the peripheral margin of the meniscus, nearly always associated with horizontal meniscal tears.

## Etiology

Various etiologies have been proposed, including trauma,hemorrhage, chronic infection, and mucoid degeneration. The most widely accepted theory describes meniscal cysts resulting from extrusion of synovial fluid through a peripherally extended horizontal meniscal tear, accumulating outside the joint capsule. They arise more commonly from the medial joint margin, and occur most often in 20 to 40 year old males.

## Signs/Symptoms

Pain and swelling or focal mass at the level of the joint. The pain may be related to a meniscal tear or distension of the knee capsule or both. The mass varies in consistency from soft/fluctuant to hard. Size is variable, and meniscal cysts are known to change in size with knee flexion/extension.

## Radiologic Findings

MR imaging is the modality of choice for diagnosis of meniscal cysts. In their most subtle form, meniscal cysts present as focal areas of high signal intensity within a swollen meniscus. It is not uncommon for radiologists to miss this type of meniscal cyst because the signal intensity is not quite as bright as fluid on T2 weighted sequences.2 When this fluid is extruded into the adjacent soft tissues, the swollen meniscus subsequently assumes a more normal shape, and the extruded fluid demonstrates a relatively higher T2 signal typical of parameniscal cysts.
Medial meniscus horizontal tear extending into a meniscal cyst
Sagittal T2 images of a medial meniscus horizontal tear extending into a meniscal cyst
Large medial meniscus cyst
Large medial meniscus cyst

## Treatment

Treatment of meniscal cysts consists of a combination of cyst decompression (intraarticular decompression versus open cystectomy) and arthroscopic repair of any meniscal abnormalities. Success rates are significantly higher when both the cyst and meniscal tear are treated compared to treating only one disease process.

## References

* Meniscal Cysts by Rob Gutierrez, M.D.
* Campbell, SE, Sanders, TG, Morrison, WB. MR imaging of meniscal cysts: Incidence, location, and clinical significance. AJR 2001;177:409-413.
* Helms, CA. The meniscus: Recent advances in MR imaging of the knee. AJR 2002;179(5):1115-1112.
# Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Trauma/Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation

An unusual dislocation at the sternoclavicular joint that is usually the result of compressive forces on the shoulder girdle. The forces of posterior compression transmit through the fulcrum of the costoclavicular ligament and result in posterior dislocation. Alternatively, a direct blow to the anteromedial clavicle can result in posterior dislocation.
Classically described in American football players who get "dog piled" while in a lateral position. Our case happens to be a rugby player who sustained a tackle injury. It can certainly happen in a MVC when the forces are just right.
People who sustain this unusual injury can also sustain some pretty serious associated injuries. These include:
* Direct trauma to the great vessel origins, or brachiocephalic vein. Mediastinal hematoma is usually present.
* Respiratory distress from compression on the trachea.
* Voice change from compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
* Pneumothorax

## Radiologic Findings

Special plane film views are described, but few people know these, and even fewer can read them. CT is the modality of choice because it delineates the anatomy of the joint so well. It also demonstrates the degree of separation, and can also show additional diagnoses. (see associated injuries) If clinical suspicion is high... go directly to CT.

## Case

A young rugby player who sustained an injury (takcle?), and complained of severe sternum pain. Interestingly, he later complained of some dysphagia.
Our patient underwent closed reduction of the dislocation with good results. He did not have one of the serious complications listed above. I guess the dysphagia resolved.

## References

* Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation by Mike Pass, M.D., University of Washington Department of Radiology.
* Rogers LF: Radiology of Skeletal Trauma. 2nd ed. 1992.
* Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics online
# Drinking Water

This book teaches how to procure safe drinking water. Topics covered are rainwater harvesting, desalination, groundwater use and water disinfection. This is useful for regions where safe drinking water is difficult to come by, for disaster relief or for water conservancy. The purpose of this book is to reduce misfortunes associated with water problems throughout the world: including reduction of disease spread from unsanitary water, personal dehydration, and water shortage problems.

## Contents

* Rain barrel: DIY
* Distillation: Solar still
* Atmosphere water collection
* Ice
* Well
* Filtration
* Displacement: hand water pump, bailer water bucket, electric pump
* Disinfection
** Solar water disinfection
* Water: stress, crisis, security, scarcity
** Africa
** Americas
** Australia
** Eurasia
** Remote regions
Only pages that are largely incomplete are marked. Pages that are 75% percent or more complete are not marked.

### Related wikibooks

* Self-Reliance Handbook/Purifying Water
* Outdoor Survival/Water
* When It Hits the Fan/Water Purification
* Backpack Camping and Woodland Survival/Skills/Water Purification
* Hydroculture - A way to self sustainable food production