OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Compendium of Useful Information for the Practical Man/Indian Lore/Stone Tools and Implements
## Stone Tools and Implements used by the Luisenos Indians

The ordinary pestle is merely a conveniently shaped stone, and the ordinary mortar a hole in a large flat granite rock near the dwelling. But many mortars are made of roundish boulders, mostly granite, though some are of tufa rock from a locality near the coast. So there are two kinds of mortars, the permanent ones of the large rocks, and others made from loose boulders, which, being portable, may be used where there are no large rocks near, or when, on account of bad weather, it is necessary to do the grinding under shelter.
In beginning to make a new mortar, arusut, the hole was not hollowed out at once to the required depth. A slight cavity was chipped in the rock, and a basin-shaped basket placed over it and glued in place with asphaltum or pitch, the sides of the basket keeping the acorns or other seeds from flying out when struck with the pestle. But with constant use the slight cavity made in the rock becomes deeper and deeper until the basket is no longer necessary, when it is removed. Many discarded mortars are found that have been worn clear through by continual pounding. Often on a large flat rock a number of mortar holes will be found, some of them of the usual depth, others only an inch or two deep, evidently just begun, while others may be a foot or more in depth, which having by continued use become too deep, have been abandoned and the new holes commenced.
One kind of mortar, tamyush, was used exclusively by the medicine men for pounding up the roots of jimson weed, Datura meteloides, for use at the boys' puberty ceremony. Some of these are quite symmetrical, being polished with considerable care, and some have even an attempt at ornamentation in the shape of grooves cut on the outside. The pestle of these mortars is also neatly shaped and polished. Another and very small mortar, tamya-mal, is said to have been used for mixing paint. This is also polished, and is almost exactly round.
It is a question whether the metates or grinding stones, ngohilish, now in use were employed prior to the arrival of the Mexicans. Some of the Luisenos think they were, while others say they were not, that their ancestors used only mortars. The rub-stone of the metate is called ngohilish po-ma, metate its-hand.
Flat perforated stones have been found. It is thought these were formerly used for cooking, the hole enabling them to be easily handled, when hot, by a stick thrust through them. They were probably also used for heating water.
A large stone tool has been found which may perhaps be called a stone adze. It weighs nearly eleven pounds, and was evidently intended to be used by being grasped with both hands.
Small sharp-edged flakes of a hard black stone were used as knives. Larger stones with a cutting edge were probably used for skinning or fleshing hides, but some are heavier than would be required for these purposes.
The culture of the Luiseño Indians By Philip Stedman Sparkman
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Circe/534
## Annotations

tripudium (Latin) See 049.04.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Circe/533
## Annotations

Per vias rectas ! (Latin) See 031.33.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Circe/530
## Annotations

Et exaltabuntur cornua iusti (Latin) And the horns of the just man shall be exalted. This is adapted from Psalms 75:10 (Vulgate 74:11):
Psalms 75:10 :
| Et omnia cornua impiorum confringam; exaltabuntur cornua iusti. | All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; but the horns of the righteous shall be exalted. |
Stephen is adding a sexual dimension that is not present in the original, echoing Lenehan's Got the horn or what? to Boylan in Sirens.

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 513. Thornton (1968) 413.
* ↑ Psalms 75.
# Arabic/External Resources

* Alphabet, with sound, just click on a letter
* Complete Arabic Script course (with sound)
* Omniglot — The Omniglot encyclopedia article for Arabic.
* Arabic Alphabet Quiz — Choose the "Arabic" link.
* Babel Arabic Writing Explanation
* Arabic Alphabet with sound and lessons
* Arabic Alphabet writing instructions
* Conglomeration of Online Lessons
* "1000 Arabic Verbs (MSA) by Frequency (with audio)" Free course to learn the 1000 most commonly used Arabic verbs, including extensive practice sections to learn the common conjugations. Works by timed repetition and typing tests.
* "Learn to Speak and Read Arabic" Using a highly visual approach to learning Arabic with color-coded text, up to 6,000 audio clips, videos, and podcasts.
* Al-Duroos, Arabic language lessons, video, and learning resources
* arabikey.com, Arabic keyboard with a unique automatic diacritization feature, verb conjugator and comprehensive Arabic grammar lessons from beginner to advanced levels
* arabic keyboard write Arabic online.
* Arabicpod.net, Arabic via mp3 podcasts.
* The Arabic PodClass, audio lessons
* Indiana University N181, has MP3 audio files to download.
* The Mixxer Find a native Arabic speaker for a language exchange via Skype
* StudioArabiya.com offers a FREE WEEK of online Arabic lessons!
* , Critical Language Service, has screencasts for writing, reading and pronouncing the alphabet
* Critical Language Service Critical Language Service, year one of Arabic grammar for the standard university Arabic course.
LAFLWSP / Learning Arabic as a Foreign Language With a Studied Plan
# Arabic/Book condition

The best use of this book is the phrases, in which transliteration and translation is provided for useful Arabic phrases.

## Information

NO SECTION IS 100% complete

## Examples

SOME

## Exercises

NONE

## Key to Exercises

NONE
# Arabic/Edited Work

This is an attempt to make a long text to organize my thoughts.
The book is composed of the following parts:
* Advanced Grammar
* Reader / Vocab
* Verb Reference (with intro to how to learn the verbs)
* Reference of particles أحراف (not verbs, and not nouns) (tells which moods go with each particle, and the meaning of each)
# Arabic/Book/Units

This is the plan for the Layout of the units.

## Unit 1-Reading and Writing

* The alphabet
** Arabic vowelling symbols تشكيل
* Ligatures, varieties of ways of connecting letters
* Writing and reading words

## Unit 2-Sentence Fragments and Sentences

* Using a word to make a sentence, then Adding a word to make it a sentence fragment
* Connecting Verbs (to be, to seem),
* (to go)
* Prepositions
* Yes-no questions
* qaala
* anna,inna

## Unit 3- Pronouns and Noun Morphology

* All pronouns
* Prepsitions with pronoun suffixes
* Semitic radicals/3 constant system
** Many words
* Singular, Dual and Plural versions of nouns
* All question words
* Be able to pronounce and hear all Arabic Constants
Once this Unit is done.

## Unit 4- Arabic Verbs

* perfect
* imperfect indicative
* recognizing negation
Show Verb type 1 only.

## Unit 6- Final correct conjugation

-Moods -Passive Voice
* Practice conjugation/get used to it

## Unit 7- Noun morphology- nouns derived from verbs

* Verbal nouns
* Participles
* For the first 10 types of verbs
* Be able to recognize perfect, and imperfect conjugations of all 10

## Unit 8-Conjugating verb types 3 to 10

* New Vocab
* IF

## Unit 9-Finishing Arabic Numbers

* Arabic Numbers
* Describing position
* Describing time
* Describing how often
* Describing how much and how many

## Appendix

* How to use a verb chart
* How to use a Pronoun chart
* What each pronoun chart indicates
* Verb Charts
* Pronoun Charts
* Prepositions + Word Charts
# Arabic/Classical Arabic Readings

The Qur'an is often claimed to be, in addition to the Muslim scripture, the pinnacle of Arabic literature. The Qur'an is divided into chapters (in Arabic, sura pl. suwar [سورة ج. سور]). The sura in this link is the first sura in the Qur'an and is a common starting point for reading the Qur'an. Note though, that after this sura, it's often not advised to read the suwar in sequence, since the second sura, al-Baqara, is the longest in the Qur'an and can be daunting.
Ibn Khaldun is considered one of the most important figures of Islamic history writing; some consider him the most important pre-modern historian from any culture. He developed a philosophy of history and is considered by some to be a founding father of sociology. The Muqaddima, or Introduction, is his most famous work, and is the first part of a longer work of universal history. In the Muqaddima, he lays out his philosophy of history.
# Arabic/Directions

       إلى اليَمين ila al-ya-meen
       إلى اليَسار ila al-ya-saar
       في المُقَدِّمَة fee al-mu-qad-di-ma
       في المُؤَخِرَة fee al-mu'a-khi-ra
       الشَّمال ash-sha-maal
       الجَنوب al-ja-nuub
       الشَّرق ash-sharq
       الغَرب al-gharb
       إذهب ez-hab
       لف leef
       عند a'and
       قبل qabal
       بعد ba'ad
       بجانب bejanib
       أمام amam
       بين bain
       متر meeter
# Arabic/Book/Translit

This page is for contributors. Previous knowledge of Arabic is assumed.
This transliteration system will be used throughout the book.
Arabic Definite Article: el Arabic Definite Article before a sun letter: èl No dashes are written after the Arabic definite article, to connect it to the next word.
Any one letter meaning units in Arabic will not be written as part of the next word. So: e.g. The following are always written as separate words and not as prefixes: sa, fa, la, ka, wa
Long vowels: aa, ii, uu Short vowels: a, i, u Tanwiin:ân (indicates an alif after the tanwiin) /ań (indicates no alif after the tanwiin), iń,uń
Taa'uń Marbuutžätuń: ä
Alifuń/Yaa'uń Maksuurätuń: aà
uu with a silent Alif after:uù
Hamzätuń: '
Possessive adjectives are separated by a dash from the word they are a suffix of. e.g. kitaabu-ka, kitaabu-haa The exception is the first-person singular which does not take a dash. Instead its second "i" is written with a circumflex.
Object pronouns also must take a dash.
The names of the letters of the Arabic alphabet transliterated:
Alifuń, Baa'uń, Taa'uń, Thaa'uń, Jiimuń, Hžaa'uń, Kħaa'uń,Daaluń, Dħaaluń, Raa'uń, Zaa'uń, Siinuń, Sħiinuń, Sžaaduń, Džaaduń, Tžaa'uń, Dħžaa'uń, Rħainuń, Għainuń, Faa'uń, Qaafuń, Kaafuń, Laamuń, Miimuń, Nuunuń, Haa'uń, Waawuń, Yaa'uń
One can also write it with the modified z, h, and n capitalized, and later change them. The best way to change them is to use find and replace in a text editor. AlifuN, Baa'uN, Taa'uN, Thaa'uN, JiimuN, HZaa'uN, KHaa'uN,DaaluN, DHaaluN, Raa'uN, Zaa'uN, SiinuN, SHiinuN, SZaaduN, DZaaduN, TZaa'uN, DHZaa'uN, RHainuN, GHainuN, Faa'uN, QaafuN, KaafuN, LaamuN, MiimuN, NuunuN, Haa'uN, WaawuN, Yaa'uN
Anything silent in a sentence must be underlined, so tanwiin at the end of a sentence must be underlined. Transliterated Arabic words within English text do not need the case endings written.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Eumaeus/594
## Annotations

stiver Stiver is the Anglicization of an old Dutch coin called stuiver representing 5 Dutch cents or 1/20 of a guilder prior to the introduction of the Euro in 2001. Because a form of this was minted by the East Indian Company for colonial currency in Sri Lanka, the word developed a meaning in English in the 19th century as a low-value coin.
— cum — Cum is a Latin preposition meaning with. In English it is used as a combining form to indicate a dual nature or function. Here, the narrator (Bloom?) is alluding to the dual purpose for which Murphy went outside: to relieve himself (libation) and to have a drink of liquor (potation).
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Eumaeus/589
## Annotations

in toto (Latin) completely. The Latin expression in toto is now a naturalized English expression, with much the same meaning as in Latin.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Eumaeus/597
## Annotations

Ex quibus ... Christus ... secundum carnem (Latin) Stephen is quoting from the Vulgate translation of Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans, in which he expresses his fears for the fate of the Israelites and his determination to see that they, his own people, are saved. For the Israelites are a privileged race; they are descended from the Patriarchs, and from their flesh and blood came Christ himself:
Romans 9:5 :
| Quorum patres, et ex quibus Christus, secundum carnem, qui est super omnia, Deus benedictus in saecula. Amen | Of whom [are] the fathers, and from whom [is] the Christ, according to the flesh, who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen. |

## References

* ↑ Gifford (1988) 549. Thornton (1968) 445.
* ↑ Romans 9:5.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Eumaeus/590
## Annotations

sine qua non essential or indispensable element. Sine qua non is a Latin expression borrowed from Scholasticism around 1600.

## References

* ↑ Online Etymology Dictionary.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Eumaeus/591
## Annotations

alias otherwise known as. See 584.27.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops
## Contents

The following list contains links to each of the fifty-one pages of the twelfth episode Cyclops. The pagination is that of the original edition of Ulysses, published in Paris on 2 February 1922.
Episode 12: Cyclops
* Page 280
* Page 281
* Page 282
* Page 283
* Page 284
* Page 285
* Page 286
* Page 287
* Page 288
* Page 289
* Page 290
* Page 291
* Page 292
* Page 293
* Page 294
* Page 295
* Page 296
* Page 297
* Page 298
* Page 299
* Page 300
* Page 301
* Page 302
* Page 303
* Page 304
* Page 305
* Page 306
* Page 307
* Page 308
* Page 309
* Page 310
* Page 311
* Page 312
* Page 313
* Page 314
* Page 315
* Page 316
* Page 317
* Page 318
* Page 319
* Page 320
* Page 321
* Page 322
* Page 323
* Page 324
* Page 325
* Page 326
* Page 327
* Page 328
* Page 329
* Page 330
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/282
## Annotations

In the first paragraph, significant wording is borrowed from Prince Aldfrid’s Itinerary through Ireland, James Clarence Mangan.

## References

https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/in-cruachan-s-land-james-joyce-and-james-clarence-mangan-1.3582011
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Colophon
## Annotations

1000 COPIES A further 20 copies were printed, without dust jackets, on mixed paper and marked, press copy.
DUTCH HANDMADE PAPER Holland handmade paper. These copies sold for 350 francs.
VERGÉ D'ARCHES A type of laid paper that is manufactured in the French town of Arches and reserved for deluxe editions of books. These copies sold for 250 francs.
HANDMADE PAPER Linen handmade paper, which was slightly less expensive than the paper used for the first 250 copies. These copies sold for 150 francs.
typographical errors The original edition of Ulysses contains more than 2000 errata. Several factors contributed to this outcome: Sylvia Beach's inexperience as a publisher; Joyce's poor eyesight, which made it difficult for him to correct galleys; the book's printer Maurice Darantière's inexperience at typesetting English texts; Joyce's many late changes to the text; the avant-garde nature of the work.
S. B. Sylvia Beach, proprietor of the Parisian bookstore Shakespeare and Company. She published Joyce's Ulysses on 2 February 1922. The printer was Maurice Darantière of Dijon. See Title Page.

## References

* ↑ AbeBooks.
* ↑ AbeBooks.
* ↑ Ellmann, Richard (1982). James Joyce. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 504.
* ↑ Ellmann, Richard (1982). James Joyce. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 504.
* ↑ AbeBooks.
* ↑ Ellmann, Richard (1982). James Joyce. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 504.
* ↑ Jack Dalton, The Text of Ulysses, in Fritz Senn, ed. New Light on Joyce from the Dublin Symposium. Indiana University Press (1972), p.102.
* ↑ Ellmann, Richard (1982). "Ulysses: A Short History". Ulysses. Penguin Books Ltd: 714.
* ↑ Gorman, Herbert Sherman (1939). James Joyce. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. p. 288.
* ↑ Gorman, Herbert Sherman (1939). James Joyce. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. pp. 286–287. Gorman suggests that this may have been as much an advantage as a disadvantage, given the book's idiosyncrasies.
* ↑ Ellmann, Richard (1982). "Ulysses: A Short History". Ulysses. Penguin Books Ltd: 714. Gorman, Herbert Sherman (1939). James Joyce. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. pp. 287–288. Joyce, it seems, treated the galleys as drafts to be improved upon, whereas he should have been searching them for typographical errors.
* ↑ Gorman, Herbert Sherman (1939). James Joyce. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. p. 287.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Contents

These Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses are based on the original edition of the novel, published by Sylvia Beach's Shakespeare and Company in Paris on 2 February 1922. Episode divisions and titles, though not present in the editio princeps, have been added to avoid confusion and to aid the modern reader. Joyce himself divided the novel into three parts, to which he gave the titles the Telemachia, the Odyssey and the Nostos (or "Return Home"), though these titles were suppressed when the book was published. I have adopted the standard spellings used by contemporary Joyceans. Joyce's idiosyncratic spellings derive from Victor Bérard's two-volume Les Phéniciens et l’Odyssée, which he consulted in 1918 in the Central library of Zürich. All eighteen titles occur in the two schemata which became public after the appearance of the novel and which outline its structure and Homeric parallels.

## Contents

* Dust Jacket
* Title Page
* Colophon
Part I: The Telemachia
* Episode 1, Telemachus
* Episode 2, Nestor
* Episode 3, Proteus
Part II: The Odyssey
* Episode 4, Calypso
* Episode 5, Lotus Eaters
* Episode 6, Hades
* Episode 7, Aeolus
* Episode 8, Lestrygonians
* Episode 9, Scylla and Charybdis
* Episode 10, Wandering Rocks
* Episode 11, Sirens
* Episode 12, Cyclops
* Episode 13, Nausicaa
* Episode 14, Oxen of the Sun
* Episode 15, Circe
Part III: The Nostos
* Episode 16, Eumaeus
* Episode 17, Ithaca
* Episode 18, Penelope

## References

* ↑ Gilbert, Stuart, ed. (1957). Letters of James Joyce. Vol. I:113. New York: Viking Press.
* ↑ Ulysses.
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Contributors
## Contributors

Contributors to the Wikibook Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses who would like their contributions to be acknowledged are encouraged to add their names or Wikibook Usernames to the following list:
* Erigena
* Robert Whyte
* Michael Winn

## Authors

If you wish to be formally listed as an author of the Wikibook Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses, please sign your name below.
According to the United States Code for registering a copyrighted work, you must include your nationality (what country you claim citizenship in) and the country you are currently residing in, if different. It is also suggested by the U.S. Copyright office to include the year you were born, for identification purposes. They also ask for the year of death, and if you know of a Wikibookian who has passed away, this would also be useful. Please add comments in the discussion page if you have any reservations about giving this information out.
Bear in mind that this information is needed only if you want to be credited formally as the author of this Wikibook and have your information correctly cited in any formal registration procedure for this Wikibook. Efforts to get this information put into the general user record of MediaWiki have met with huge resistance even on a voluntary basis, so this is the only forum for you to even put this sort of information out to the public. This information may also be needed for enforcement of copyright laws in the unfortunate situation where somebody copies this Wikibook contrary to the terms of the GFDL. An attempt to contact you would then be done to see if you would be willing to enforce your copyright for this Wikibook.
Anonymous authors include those who made edits without logging in as a User. While edits of this nature are appreciated, it is not possible to give credit to the contributor unless they have created a Wikibooks account.
* Erigena, Brendan Ward, Dublin, Ireland (1964)
* Robert Whyte, Robert Whyte, Brisbane, Australia (1955)
* Michael Winn, Michael Winn, Pt, Loma, United States (1939)
# Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/283
## Annotations

283:11 "The citizen" is not given a name. However, in the following section Gerty MacDowell's Granpapa Giltrap's is said to have a dog called Garryowen. Although the link is not explicitly stated, it is at least plausible that the citizen and Granpapa Giltrap are one and the same.
# Arabic/Here and There/ex1/Romanisation

word= kalime(tu) كلمة <<--
Thank you
* L kalime(tu) huna'k(a) الكلمة هناك <<--
* L kita'b(u) huna'k(a) الكتاب هناك
* L kursiy(yu) huna'k(a) الكرسي هناك
* L madrase(tu) huna'k(a) المدرسة هناك
* L mu3allim(u) huna'k(a) المعلم هناك
* L~tilmi'd'(u) huna'k(a) التلميذ هناك
* L qalam(u) huna'k(a) القلم هناك
* L ma77a'ye(tu) huna'k(a) المحاية هناك
* L~daftar(u) huna'k(a) الدفتر هناك
* L kita'b(u) huna'lik(a) الكتاب هنالك
bu localist Arabic founder and king of islamic uni
# Arabic/HowQuestions

كيف
كيف فعلتَ ذلك؟
kayfa fa`alta dhaalik kay-fa-fa-`al-ta-dhaa-lik How did you do that?
# Arabic/Here and There/ex2/Romanisation

notebook= daftar(u)ُ
* L~daftar(u) huna'lik(a)
* L 7a'su'b(u) huna'lik(a)
* L ma77a'ye(tu) huna'k(a)
* L qalam(u) huna'lik(a)
* L~tilmi'd'(u) huna'lik(a)
* L mu3allim(u) hunaalik(a)
* L kursiyyu(u) huna'k(a)
* L 7arf(u) huna'lik(a)
* L kita'b(u) huna'k(a)
* L 7a'su'b(u)huna'k(a)
* L~daftar(u) huna'k(a)
* L kita'bu huna'.
# Arabic/If-then/(lau)

لو (lau)
لو (lau) means if. But it has a more specific use than the English word "if". لو (lau) is used for events that didn't happen. For example if the following sentence were translated into Arabic with the word لو (lau) as a translation for the word "if": If I had been trained, I wouldn't have made mistakes. Then a person who read the translation, understands that the person saying the sentence was NOT trained. Using لو (lau) makes sure this doesn't happen.
Speaker 1: If I were stupid, then... Listener 1: Were you stupid?
The "then" word for لو is لـ . It is added to the beginning of the word.
if ...1.... then ...2.... example: If I didn't go to school, my mom would get angry (but I did go to school).
lam ahzim-hum lam—ah-zim-hum (I) hadn't beaten them.
lau lam ahzim-hum la-kaanoo hazamoo-nee lau—lam—ah-zim-hum—la-kaa-noo—ha-za-moo-nee If I didn't beat them up they would beat me up. (assuming the speaker did "beat them up")
# Exercise 1

* الكَلِمَةُ هُناكَ.
* الكِتابُ هُناكَ.
* الحَرفُ هُناكَ.
* الكُرسيُّ هُناكَ.
* المَدرَسةُ هُناكَ.
* المُعَلِّمُ هُناكَ.
* التِلميذُ هُناكَ.
* القَلَمُ هُناكَ.
* المَحّايةُ هُناكَ.
* الحاسوبُ هُناكَ.
* الدَفتَرُ هُناكَ.
* الكِتابُ هُنالِكَ.
ا

## Key

2. The word is there. 4. The chair is there. 6. The teacher is there. 8. The pen is there. 10. The computer is there. 12. The book is there.

# Exercise 2

* الدَفتَرُ هُنالِكَ.
* الحاسوبُ هُنالِكَ.
* المَحّايةُ هُناكَ.
* القَلَمُ هُنالِكَ.
* التِلميذُ هُنالِكَ.
* المُعَلِّمُ هُناكَ.
* الكُرسيُّ هُناكَ.
* الحَرفُ هُنالِكَ.
* الكِتابُ هُناكَ.
* الحاسوبُ هُناكَ.
* الدَفتَرُ هُناكَ.
* الكِتابُ هُنا.
ا

## Key

2. The computer is there. 4. The pen is there. 6. The teacher is there. 8. The letter is there. 10. The computer is there. 12. The book is here.
# C++ Language/Preprocessing/CompileTimeConstants

In C++ syntax, there are some quantities that must be known while your compiler is compiling. In those situations, you could use expression 1+2 (because the compiler is able to perform arithmetic while it's compiling), but function calling is too complex of an activity to occur during compilation (unless that function's features are radically stripped-down). Use keyword constexpr to mark a stripped-down function that might be "called" during compilation, or a variable which might be "evaluated" during compilation.
Additional information about compile-time constants (includes interactive examples)