OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Modern History/Napoleon Bonaparte

Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution; the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from 11 November 1799 to 18 May 1804; then Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français) and King of Italy under the name Napoleon I from 18 May 1804 to 6 April 1814; and briefly restored as Emperor from March 20 to June 22 of 1815.
Although Napoleon himself developed few military innovations, apart from the divisional squares employed in Egypt and the placement of artillery into batteries, he used the best tactics from a variety of sources, and the modernized French army, as reformed under the various revolutionary governments, to score some major victories. His campaigns are studied at military academies all over the world and he is generally regarded as one of the greatest commanders to have ever lived. Over the course of little more than a decade, he fought virtually every European power and acquired control of most of the western and central mainland of Europe by conquest or alliance until his disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812, followed by defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, which led to his abdication several months later and his exile to the island of Elba. He staged a comeback known as the Hundred Days (les Cent Jours), but was again defeated decisively at the Battle of Waterloo in present day Belgium on June 18, 1815, followed shortly afterwards by his surrender to the British and his exile to the island of Saint Helena, where he died six years later.
Aside from his military achievements, Napoleon is also remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic Code. He is considered by some to have been one of the "enlightened despots".
# Modern History/Greco-Turkish War

The name Greco-Turkish War is given to two armed conflicts between Greece and Turkey or its predecessor the Ottoman Empire
* The Greco-Turkish War of 1897 (also called the Thirty Days' War)
* The Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 (also called the War in Asia Minor, the Catastrophe of Asia Minor, and in Turkey part of the Turkish War of Independence)
The Greco–Turkish War of 1919–1922, also called the War in Asia Minor, and in Turkey considered a part of the Turkish War of Independence, was a war between Greece and Turkey fought in the wake of World War I.
This political context of this conflict is linked to secret agreements on sharing of Ottoman Empire at the end of WWI. Military history begins with the Armistice of Mudros. The war arose because the western Allies, particularly British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, had promised Greece territorial gains at the expense of the Ottoman Empire if Greece entered the war on the Allied side. These included eastern Thrace, the islands of Imbros and Tenedos, and parts of western Anatolia around the city of Smyrna (İzmir)
In return to the contribution of the Greek army in the war effort, the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres, which ended the First World War in Asia Minor and in parallel determined the future of the Ottoman Empire, assigned eastern Thrace and the millet of Smyrna to Greece.
Around that time Mustafa Kemal, the leader of a group of Turkish revolutionaries, was forming in Anatolia, the Turkish National Movement. The revolutionaries repudiated the Treaty of Sèvres and prepared for defense of what they believed was their national land given up by the weak Ottoman government to the enemy.
In May 1919, Greek troops landed on Smyrna (İzmir) and occupied the city and the surroundings under cover of French, British and American ships. The Greeks of Smyrna, who were the majority of the city's population, and other Christians greeted the Greek troops as liberators. The Turkish population though saw this as an invading force, as they resented the Greeks and presumably preferred to be under Turkish rule.
The resistance started immediately, mainly by small groups of irregular Turkish troops in the suburbs and the Greeks had many losses. In the summer of 1920, the Greek army, launched successful attacks and extended its zone of occupation over all Western and North Western Asia Minor. Greeks already occupied Eastern Thrace.
In October 1920, with the encouragement of Lloyd George who intended to increase the pressure on the Turkish and Ottoman governments to sign the Treaty of Sevrès, the Greek army advanced further east into Anatolia with the intention of defeating the Kemalist forces before they were ready to attack the Greek perimeter near the coast. They faced little resistance as the Turks were retreating orderly. This advancement begun under the Liberal government of Eleftherios Venizelos, but soon after the offensive began Venizelos fell from power and was replaced by Dimitrios Gounaris, who appointed inexperienced monarchist officers to senior commands. King Constantine took personal command of the army at Smyrna (İzmir).
# Modern History/Front Cover

Modern History
# Modern History/Independence in the Americas

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Spain already had difficulty controlling its vast territories in the Americas when the French Revolution aligned Spain with France, causing problems in the colonies. Eventually there were declarations of independence on the American continents.

### Independence of Haiti

Haiti had experienced the Haitian Revolution in the 1790s. Haiti was a self-governing colony of France. Napoleon sent a force to attack Haiti in 1802 or 1803 (FIXME exact year?), with the intention of restoring slavery and resuming direct control of the colony. As a result, the indigenous forces overran the invading French force. The indigenous leader, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, declared independence of Haiti on January 1, 1804.
Parts of Haiti opposed the rule of Dessalines. Someone assassinated him in 1806 and Haiti split into two governments.

#### References

* Haitian Revolution
This page or section of Modern History is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by expanding it.

### British invasion of South America

* Why did the British decide to attack South America? [C]
* Which South American cities were the targets of British action? [C]
* Who resisted the attack? [P]
* How was Spain involved in resisting this attack? [G]
(to do: What weapons were involved? [w])
The British invasions of the Río de la Plata (Spanish: Invasiones Inglesas al Río de la Plata) were an unsuccessful series British attempts of military controlling the Spanish colonies located around the Río de la Plata basin in South America, between 1806 and 1807, as part of the global impact of the Napoleonic Wars. Spain was an ally of Napoleon at the time and, along with its South American colonies, cooperated in a trade boycott against the forces opposing Napoleon. The resistance of the local people and its active participation in the defence with no support from the Spanish Kingdom are seen as the penultimate step toward their independence.
In 1806, a British force of 1,000 to 2,000 men attacked Buenos Aires, the capital of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate. In 1807, a second invasion with at least 10,000 men targeted Montevideo and Buenos Aires. The northern port of Montevideo fell and became a British base. A large force approached Buenos Aires with the intent of capture.
At this point, Spain seemed to weak to defend its colony. However, the people of Buenos Aires decided not to welcome the British forces. The local population engaged the British in urban combat. (FIXME find a good description of the battle, and discover whether Spain sent any force)

#### References

* South America, 1806-1807
* The British Role in the Independence of South America from Spain
# JavaScript/Reserved words/finally
## The finally keyword

The finally keyword is used as clause of the try statement.

### Examples
## See also

* catch
* throw
* try
# JavaScript/Reserved words/instanceof
## The instanceof keyword

The instanceof keyword returns true, if the left-hand side of the operator corresponds to the class on the right-hand side.
# JavaScript/Reserved words/new
## The new keyword

The new keyword is an operator that creates an object without members, calls it's constructor function with itself as the this operator, which initialises the object.
# JavaScript/Reserved words/this
## The this keyword

The this keyword allows a method to read and write the property variables of that instance of the object.
The following example uses an initial capital letter for PopMachine to help indicate that the object needs to be created with the new keyword. You can use the new keyword with any function to create an object, but it will be much easier to keep track of what you're doing, if you only use new with functions that are meant just for the purpose, and mark those functions by naming them with an initial capital letter.

### Examples
#### Example 1

Please notice that the above method is inefficient and will use way too much memory inside the browser, if you need to create a serious JavaScript class then you must first learn about prototypes.

#### Example 2

The total number of quarters would now be twenty.
# JavaScript/Reserved words/for
## The for keyword

The for keyword starts a loop that executes until the condition is met.

### Examples
## See also

* break
* continue
# JavaScript/Reserved words/function
## The function keyword

The function keyword stars the declaration and definition of a function. It can be used in two ways: either as
or as

### Examples
## See also

* break
* continue
# JavaScript/Reserved words/if
## The if keyword

The if keyword stars a loop that executes until the condition is met.

### Examples
## See also

* else
# JavaScript/Reserved words/in
## The in keyword

The in keyword is used for a shorter notation of the for loop.

### Examples
## See also

* break
* continue
* continue
# JavaScript/Reserved words/switch
## The switch keyword

The switch keyword is a control structure that evaluates the expression and compares it with the values in the case clauses. If none match, the default clause is executed.
If there is no break after the end of a case clause or a return, execution continues; otherwise, the switch block is left. It is good programming practice to comment a deliberate "falling through".
# JavaScript/Reserved words/return
## The return keyword

The return keyword ends the function, specifying the value to be returned. Without this expression, undefined is returned.
Please note that adding a carriage return inbetween the statement and the value results in splitting it into two separate statements, returning with undefined. This is because of the automatic semicolon insertion (ASI).

### Examples
#### Example 1

The getter getValue returns with value.

#### Example 2

The getter getName returns with undefined.
# Lua Programming/variable

A variable is a symbolic name associated with a value. A variable acts as a container and the value it contains may be changed from within a running program, enabling data manipulation to take place from within the program.

### Variables are dynamically typed.

In lua variables are dynamically typed, so no explicit typecasting is necessary.

### Variables do not need predefinition prior to use

In lua, there is no need to declare or initialize variables before they are used. By default, variables are initialized to the value of nil.

### Variable names

As in most programming languages, the name of a variable must be a sequence of letters, digits, or underscore symbols, and may not begin with a digit. The Lua interpreter is lettercase sensitive so variables with uppercase and lowercase names are distinct and separate from each other. It is not permissible to use keywords as variable names.

### Variables do not need a sigil

Variables in lua are referenced by name only and are dynamically typed, so a sigil is not required when a variable is referenced.

### Variables are global by default

In lua, variables are global by default, unless they are declared as local via a qualifier.

### Variable names inside string constants are not expanded in Lua

The lua interpreter does not expand variables inside string constants. This means that "hello username" is always interpreted as constant string, even if username is a the name of a variable. Instead of using interpolation, new strings are constructed from string constants and variables, using concatenation operators.

### Local variables have lexical scope

In lua, local variables have lexical scope and are visible to functions defined inside the variable scope.

## Global variables are stored in environment tables

In lua, global variables are stored as fields in environment tables.
# Lua Programming/whitespace/freeform

This is an empty section. Please read the FAQ.
# Lua in SpringRTS/Callins/AllowCommand
## AllowCommand
### Return values

unitID, unitDefID, unitTeam, cmdID, cmdParams, cmdOptions, cmdTag, synced
# Lua in SpringRTS

This book is going to help developers using Lua with the opensource SpringRTS game engine. This book covers mostly the integration of SpringRTS with Lua. This integration takes place in the form of widgets, gadgets, mods, maps. All these elements can be created with the use of Lua and the inbuilt functions and variables that the Spring Engine provides.
It is assumed that the reader already has some basic knowledge of the Lua language. If you don't, then it is highly recommended that you first read the free Programming in Lua. A more fun way is by getting the source of widgets(which can be found here) and try to modify them and understand how they work.

## Contents

* What is the Spring engine
* Lua integration with Spring
* Spring specifications
** Synced Mode
** Unsynced Mode
** Gadgets
** Widgets
* Games(mods)
** Mod Structure
** Units
*** 3D Models
*** Animations
*** Weapons
** Features
** Common identifiers
* Maps
** Map Structure
* Spring API
** Variables and Constants
** Callins
** Callouts

## Contribution

Johan Hanssen Seferidis (aka Pithikos)
# Lua in SpringRTS/Callins/AddConsoleLine
## AddConsoleLine
### Return values

msg, priority
# Lua Programming/whitespace

The lua programming language uses a freeform syntax. This means that whitespace characters, such as space, tab characters and newline characters can be inserted into the program code for the purpose of spacing, alignment or indentation in either the horizontal or vertical directions.

## Line Breaks and Indentation

The use of indentation and linebreaks can greatly improve the readability of the code, without affecting the way that the code performs. Using whitespace appropriately, makes the code easier to read and follow because at a glance it is very apparent where functions and procedures end, and which lines are part of which loops and procedures:
!!Example need here

## Whitespace characters are ignored by the interpreter

The whitespace characters do not change the functionality of the code, and are ignored by the lua interpreter. The following lines of code execute as a single statement:

## Strings

As with other programming languages, space, tab, and newline characters within a quoted literal string do not form whitespace, and are treated as part of the string:

### Line breaks are not permitted within a literal string

In lua, a line break is not permitted within a literal string:
The LUA language does not contain any spaces as the computer does not know how to read them, but yes there are other ways to communicate spaces without using spaces.

### Whitespace is not permitted within an identifier name

It is not permissible to use whitespace in identifier names used for variables or functions:
It is permissible to use underscore symbols in identifier names:
# Lua Programming/write
## Usage
### write ( [ LIST ] )

The write function is variadic and is used to produce simple standardized output. A comma separated list of items for output is provided in the argument list.

## The write command does not automatically output a newline character

In lua, the write function does not automatically outputs a newline character.

### Outputting a newline character

The print function automatically outputs a newline character. Alternatively it is possible to output a newline character by using an escape sequence.
# Modern Media Hebrew Corpus/Nominal Phrase/Nominal-Subject+Copula+Infinitive

Excerpt 1
מטרת הניסוי היתה לבחון את ההתמודדות של המערכת בהשמדת טיל אויב.
The purpose of the experiment was to test how the system handles destroying enemy missiles
Complete Sentence:
על פי מקורות ביטחוניים, מטרת הניסוי היתה לבחון את ההתמודדות של המערכת בהשמדת טיל אויב.
According to source in the defence system, the purpose of the experiment was to test how the system handles destroying enemy missiles.
ניסוי לילי ראשון במערכת החץ הוכתר בהצלחה\חנן גרינברג
ynet, February 11, 2007
# Modern Media Hebrew Corpus/Nominal Phrase

* Nominal-Subject+Nominal-Predicate
* Nominal-Subject+Copula+Nominal-Predicate
* Nominal-Subject+Adjectival-Predicate
* Nominal-Subject+Copula+Adjectival-Predicate
* Nominal-Subject+Location-Predicate
* Nominal-Subject+Infinitive
* Nominal-Subject+Copula+Infinitive
* There-is+Nominal-Subject
# Modern Media Hebrew Corpus

Excerpts from the online editions of the three Hebrew newspapers of widest circulation appearing in Israel: Yediot Aharonot, Maariv and Haaretz. The excerpts are taken from articles written originally in Hebrew (not translated from Reuters, say) and published after the turn of the century. Only articles accessible to anonymous surfers have been utilized.
The excerpts are chosen as to illustrate grammatical constructs. Since the interest is in Media Hebrew, rather than colloquial Hebrew, verbatim quotations are disregarded. That is to say, if a news article says: The Prime Minister said: "We must reach a resolution.", whatever is in the quotation will not be excerpted, however had this sentence been phrased so: The Prime Minister said, that the government had to reach a conclusion.", than the phrase "the government had to reach a conclusion" might well be used as an excerpt. The excerpt are taken only from the body of the article, not from its title or subtitle.
* The Nominal Phrase
* The Verbal Phrase

## Footnotes

* ↑ According to the Hebrew Wikipedia articles about these three newspapers. Note however, that this claim is not sourced in those articles.
# Modern Media Hebrew Corpus/Verbal Phrase

Excerpt 1
הוא מת בדרכו לבית החולים.
He died on his way to the Hospital.
הצוואה קוימה: חלימי נקבר בירושלים\יעל ברנובסקי
ynet, February 2, 2007
Excerpt 2
הדיווח על התאונה התקבל במד"א אזור נגב סמוך לשעה ארבע אחר הצהריים.
The report about the accident was received at the Red Star of David of the Negev Region around four o'clock in the afternoon.
צומת פלוגות: 3 הרוגות ו-16 פצועים\דורון נחום
nrg, February 10, 2007
Excerpt 3
יהודי חרבין חיו תחת ארבעה משטרים פוליטיים מרכזיים: רוסיה הצארית (1898-1917), השלטון הסיני (1917-1931 ומ-1946 ואילך), הכיבוש היפאני (1931-1945) והכיבוש של הצבא האדום הסובייטי (1945-1946).
The Jews of Hrebin lived under four major political regimes: Zarist Russia (1898-1917), the Chinese regime (1917-1931 and from 1946 onwards), the Japanese occupation (1931-1945) and the Soviet Red Army occupation (1945-1946).
קהילת חרבין: אי של שלווה בהיסטוריה היהודית\שירי לב-ארי
haaretz, the printed edition, February 9, 2007
Excerpt 4
הניסוי נערך בשעה 21:18 במקביל בשני שדות שונים
The experiment was conducted at 21:18 simultaneously in two different fields
Complete Sentence:
הניסוי נערך בשעה 21:18 במקביל בשני שדות שונים והוגדר כמוצלח.
The experiment was conducted at 21:18 simultaneously in two different fields and was termed successful.
ניסוי לילי ראשון במערכת החץ הוכתר בהצלחה\חנן גרינברג
ynet, February 11, 2007
# Modern History/Taiping Rebellion

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Current status: This book does not yet contain much content. Work for expansion is beginning. Creation of stubs linking to Wikisource and Wikipedia is in progress.
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The Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864) was perhaps the bloodiest civil war in human history, a clash between the forces of the Qing Empire in China and those inspired by a Hakka self-proclaimed mystic named Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convert who had claimed that he was the new Messiah and younger brother of Jesus Christ. He and his followers established the Kingdom of Heavenly Peace (Traditional Chinese: 太平天國; Hanyu Pinyin: Tàipíng Tiānguó; Wade-Giles: T'ai-p'ing t'ien-kuo) and attained control of significant parts of southern China. Most accurate sources put the total deaths at about 20 million civilians and army personnel, although some claim the death toll was much higher (as many as 50 million according to at least one source.)
# Modern Media Hebrew Corpus/Nominal Phrase/Nominal-Subject+Nominal-Predicate
## Positive

Excerpt 1
קרב איוו ג'ימה היה קרב בין ארצות הברית ליפן במהלך המערכה באוקיינוס השקט.
The battle of Ivo Jima was a battle between the USA and Japan during the combat in the Pacific ocean.
איריס ז'ורלט\טוקיו
ynet, February 9, 2007
Excerpt 2
בתחומי החשמל והאלקטרוניקה הבידורית, "התעלמות" של היבואנים בארץ מהודעות על תקלות שמפרסמות היצרניות בחו"ל היא נפוצה מאוד.
In the areas of electricity and entertainment electronics, it is very common for local importers to "ignore" reports on malfunctions advertised abroad by the manufacturers.
סליחה, טעינו\אסף מרגלית, רונית מורגנשטרן ונורית קדוש
nrg, February 9, 2007
Excerpt 3
אלא שאהבתם של הגייז ללואיס חוצה גבולות.
Except that the gays' love to Lewis knows no boundaries.
גיי שלופן\ערן סויסה
nrg, February 8, 2007
Excerpt 4
היא היתה מורתם של מיטב הרקדנים ואנשי המחול בישראל בהם נירה פז, עידו תדמור, נעמי פרלוב ויאיר ורדי.
She was the teacher of the best of dancers and dance milieu in Israel, like Nira Paz, Ido Tadmor, Naomi Perlov and Yair Vardi.
הרקדנית והכוריאוגרפית ז'נט אורדמן מתה בגיל 73\ציפי שוחט
haaretz, February 9, 2007

## Negative

Excerpt 1
פיצרוי אינו עוד מקום או עוד שמורת טבע.
Pitzroy is no longer a place or a preservation.
סרו פיצרוי: התרוממות רוח\גילי חסקין
ynet, February 8, 2007
Excerpt 2
ר' לא לבד.
R. is not alone.
הילדים השקופים\גיל חורב
nrg, February 10, 2007
Excerpt 3
עשרת הדברות אינן ישימות.
The ten commandments are inapplicable.
תראו מי שמדברת!\עתליה וולך
nrg, February 8, 2007
Excerpt 4
זאת אינה תמונה מופרזת.
This is not an exaggerated picture.
קרב תפוס ככל יכולתך\גדעון סאמט
haaretz, printed edition, February 9, 2007
# Old School RuneScape/Quests/Waterfall Quest

This quest is mainly done to gain access to the fire giants in the Waterfall dungeon. They are an ideal training ground for rangers and halberd users. This quest is also required to start the Legends Quest.