OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Punjabi/Vocabulary/Relations
## ਸਾਕ- Relations

A relation is called ਸਾਕ in Punjabi. We continue with the concept of gender we introduced in Animals chapter. The list below contains masculine relations only where the noun is regular but where ever the noun is irregular the feminine gender form is also provided. For a description of regular and irregular nouns click here
* ਪਿਓ, ਪੇ= father
* ਮਾ, ਬੇਬੇ = mother
* ਪੁੱਤ = son
* ਧੀ = daughter
* ਭਰਾ = brother
* ਭੈਣ = sister
* ਘਰਵਾਲਾ, ਖਸਮ = husband
* ਵਹੁਟੀ = wife
* ਦਾਦਾ = paternal grandfather (father's father)
* ਦਾਦੀ = paternal grandmother (father's mother)
* ਪੋਤਾ, ਪੋਤਰਾ= grand-son (son's son)
* ਪੋਤੀ/ਪੋਤਰੀ = grand-daughter (son's daughter)
* ਨਾਨਾ = maternal grandfather (mother's father)
* ਨਾਨੀ = maternal grandmother (mother's mother)
* ਦੋਹਤਾ= grand son (daughter's son)
* ਦੋਹਤੀ =grand daughter (daughter's daughter)
* ਚਾਚਾ = uncle (younger brother of father)
* ਚਾਚੀ = aunt (wife of father's younger brother)
* ਤਾਇਆ = uncle (elder brother of father)
* ਤਾਈ = aunt (wife of father's elder brother)
* ਭਤੀਜਾ = nephew (brother's son)
* ਭਣੇਵਾਂ = nephew (sister's son)
* ਮਾਮਾ = uncle (mother's brother)
* ਮਾਮੀ = aunt (wife of mother's brother)
* ਫੁੱਫੜ = husband of father's sister
* ਭੂਆ = father's sister
* ਮਾਸੜ = husband of mother's sister
* ਮਾਸੀ = mother's sister
* ਮਿੱਤ, ਸੰਗਿ= friend
* ਸੇਹਲੀ = female friend
* ਸਹੁਰਾ = father-in-law
* ਸੱਸ = mother-in-law
* ਜੁਆਈ = son-in-law
* ਨੂੰਹ = daughter-in-law
* ਸਾਲ਼ਾ = brother-in-law (wife's brother)
* ਜੀਜਾ = brother-in-law (sister's husband)
* ਜੇਠ = brother-in-law (elder brother of husband)
* ਦਿਉਰ = brother-in-law (younger brother of husband)
* ਭਾਬੀ = sister-in-law (brother's wife)
* ਨਨਾਣ = sister-in-law (husband's sister)
* ਕੁੜਮ = father-in-law of son or daughter
* ਕੁੜਮਣੀ = mother-in-law of son or daughter

### Exercises

1. Write the feminine gender form of the following:
    ਸਾਲਾ, ਮਾਮਾ, ਚਾਚਾ, ਪੋਤਾ
    ਸਾਲੀ, ਮਾਮੀ, ਚਾਚੀ, ਪੋਤੀ
2. Write the masculine gender form of the following:
    ਦਾਦੀ, ਭਣੇਂਵੀ, ਭਤੀਜੀ
    ਦਾਦਾ, ਭਣੇਂਵਾ, ਭਤੀਜਾ
3. Change the gender of the following nouns:
    ਮਾਸੀ, ਸੱਸ, ਜੇਠ, ਦਿਉਰ, ਭੂਆ
    ਮਾਸੜ, ਸਹੁਰਾ, ਜੇਠਾਣੀ, ਦਰਾਣੀ, ਫੁੱਫੜ
# Punjabi/Vocabulary/Vegetables
## ਭਾਜੀਆਂ - Vegetables

cooked vegetables, called ਭਾਜੀਆਂ in Punjabi, are an essential part of a Punjabi meal. Green vegetables are called ਸਾਗ.
Here are common vegetables of Punjab.
* ਗੋਭੀ = cauliflower
* ਬੰਦ ਗੋਭੀ = cabbage
* ਆਲੂ = potato
* ਬਤਾਓ = brinjal/eggplant
* ਭਿੰਡੀ = okra/ladies finger
* ਮਟਰ = peas
* ਘੀਆ = gourd
* ਟਿੰਡੋ = apple gourd
* ਕਰੇਲਾ = bitter gourd
* ਪੇਠਾ = wax gourd
* ਤੋਰੀ = sponge gourd
* ਗੰਢਾ = onion
* ਟਮਟਰ = tomato
* ਲਸਣ = garlic
* ਆਦਾ = ginger
* ਸੁੰਢ = dried ginger
* ਖੁੰਭ = mushroom
* ਫਲ਼ੀਆਂ = beans
* ਰਾਜ ਮਾਂਹ = kidney beans
* ਗਾਜਰ = carrot
* ਮੂਲੀ = radish
* ਚੁਕੰਦਰ = beetroot
* ਸ਼ਲਗਮ = turnip
* ਅਰਬੀ = taro root
* ਜਿਮੀਕੰਦ = elephant foot yam
* ਸ਼ਿਮਲਾ ਮਿਰਚ = capsicum (Red,Green,Yellow Pepper)
* ਖੀਰਾ = cucumber
* ਤਰ = snake cucumber
* ਪਾਲਕ = spinach
* ਧਨੀਆ = coriander plant and seeds
* ਪੁਦੀਨਾ = mint

### Exercises

1. Write names of ten vegetables in Punjabi. 2. Recall that regular noun forms ending with kanna bear masculine gender and those ending with bihari bear feminine gender. That is true even for inanimate things like vegetables. Now use this to identify the three masculine nouns and two feminine nouns among the above list of vegetables.
* ਘੀਆ
* ਕਰੇਲਾ
* ਖੀਰਾ
* ਗੋਭੀ
* ਮੂਲੀ

### Conclusion

You were introduced to Punjabi vegetables in this chapter. In the next chapter you will be introduced to Punjabi food.
* ↑ "vegetables name in punjabi". TrendPunjabi.com. 31 August 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Setup Backups

Prev: RAC SQL and PLSQL
* Setup Backups
* Flashback Database
* Block Change Tracking
* Archived Logs
* Database Backups
* Database Recovery
Next: Home
During this lab we will intentionally misconfigure the cluster database backups and make some common mistakes with local, non-shared storage.
* Login to a terminal on collabn1 as the user oracle.
* On collabn1 create a directory /u01/app/oradata and try to configure it as the Flash Recovery Area (FRA) through the init param db_recovery_file_dest. The operation will fail. collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ mkdir /u01/app/oradata collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ ss SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon May 4 07:39:57 2009 SQL> show parameter recovery_file NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------ db_recovery_file_dest string +FRA db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 4000M SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oradata'; alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oradata' * ERROR at line 1: ORA-32008: error while processing parameter update at instance RAC2 ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-01261: Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory Linux Error: 2: No such file or director The error occurred on the remote node, but was reported here. It was also recorded on the remote node – do you know where it is recorded? What kind of monitoring would need to be in place to be proactively alerted by messages like this?
* Now create the directory on the remote node and re-run the operation. This should succeed but it is still a poor configuration; we will investigate the reasons later in this lab. SQL> host ssh collabn2 mkdir /u01/app/oradata SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oradata'; System altered.
* Shutdown the database across the cluster. Then mount it on collabn1 and put the database into archivelog mode. No archivelog destination is assigned – where will the archivelogs go and why? You do not need to disable the cluster_database init param for this. collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ srvctl stop database -d RAC collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ srvctl status database -d RAC Instance RAC1 is not running on node collabn1 Instance RAC2 is not running on node collabn2 collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ ss SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon May 4 09:08:01 2009 SQL> startup mount SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ srvctl start database -d RAC
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Sequence Test

Prev: Services, Failover and Load Balancing
* Install Runstats
* Sequence Test
* Parallel Query Test
* Scheduler Test
* File Test
Next: RAC Backups and Recovery
The first test we will perform is a sequence test. Sequential fields often become points of contention in cluster database systems.
* First, open a connection to the database as SYSDBA on both nodes.
* Setup a table and several sequence types for comparison. Also enable serveroutput. create table SEQTEST (seqid varchar2(30), highval number); insert into SEQTEST values ('MYTABLE', 1); commit; create sequence SEQTEST_O_NC ORDER NOCACHE; create sequence SEQTEST_O_C ORDER CACHE 100; create sequence SEQTEST_NO_NC NOORDER NOCACHE; create sequence SEQTEST_NO_C NOORDER CACHE 100; set serveroutput on;
* On node collabn1 measure the differences between various methods. Run this two or three times to warm up the machines. (Note: subtract 500 from the runtimes reported (in hsecs) to account for time in DBMS_LOCK.SLEEP.) exec runstats_pkg.rs_start; DECLARE myval number; BEGIN FOR counter IN 1..10 LOOP select highval into myval from SEQTEST where seqid='MYTABLE' for update; update SEQTEST set highval=highval+1 where seqid='MYTABLE'; dbms_lock.sleep(0.5); commit; END LOOP; END; / exec runstats_pkg.rs_middle; DECLARE myval number; BEGIN FOR counter IN 1..10 LOOP myval := SEQTEST_O_C.NEXTVAL; dbms_lock.sleep(0.5); commit; END LOOP; END; / exec runstats_pkg.rs_stop;
* On the other node - collabn2 - start an anonymous PL/SQL block that retrieves a value every half second. DECLARE myval number; BEGIN LOOP select highval into myval from SEQTEST where seqid='MYTABLE' for update; update SEQTEST set highval=highval+1 where seqid='MYTABLE'; select SEQTEST_O_NC.NEXTVAL into myval from dual; select SEQTEST_O_C.NEXTVAL into myval from dual; select SEQTEST_NO_NC.NEXTVAL into myval from dual; select SEQTEST_NO_C.NEXTVAL into myval from dual; dbms_lock.sleep(0.5); commit; END LOOP; END; /
* Repeat step 3 on node collabn1. See how the results are different as soon as cluster contention is introduced.
* Perform more tests, comparing different types of sequences. What conclusions can you draw about sequences? Does caching matter for ORDER sequences? exec runstats_pkg.rs_start; DECLARE myval number; BEGIN FOR counter IN 1..10 LOOP myval := SEQTEST_O_NC.NEXTVAL; dbms_lock.sleep(0.5); commit; END LOOP; END; / exec runstats_pkg.rs_middle; DECLARE myval number; BEGIN FOR counter IN 1..10 LOOP myval := SEQTEST_O_C.NEXTVAL; dbms_lock.sleep(0.5); commit; END LOOP; END; / exec runstats_pkg.rs_stop;
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Services, Failover and Load Balancing
## RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home (e)

    Overview
    Planning Your Time
    Events
    Creating Printed Lab Handbooks
    Local Manual of Style
    Bullpen (Newly Contributed Content)
    Expanded Table of Contents

#### Part I: Setting Up RAC

* Hardware and Windows Preparation
* Linux Install
* Create Cluster
* Grid Install (ASM)
* Grid Install (Shared Filesystem)
* RAC Install
* Create Database
* Rolling Patches

#### Part II: Exploring RAC

* Clusterware Testing
* Services, Failover and Load Balancing
* RAC SQL and PLSQL
* RAC Backups and Recovery
Prev: Clusterware Testing

## Services, Failover and Load Balancing

* Install Instant Client
* Service Failover
* Connection Failover
* Runtime Failover
* Client Load Balancing
* Server Load Balancing
Next: RAC SQL and PLSQL
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Setup ASM

Prev: Create Cluster
* Setup ASMLIB
* Cluster Verification Utility (ASM)
* Install Grid Infrastructure (ASM)
* Increase CRS Fencing Timeout (ASM)
* Setup ASM
Next: RAC Install
* As the oracle user, use the oenv macro (from Ardent Performance Computing) to set your environment for the SID +ASM1. Then, type asmca to launch ASMCA. collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ oenv SIDs here are: grid +ASM1 ORACLE_SID = [RAC1] ? +ASM1 The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/u01/grid/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid_1 is /u01/app/oracle collabn1:/home/oracle[+ASM1]$ asmca
* Make sure you're on the Disk Groups tab and then right-click on the DATA diskgroup and choose Edit Attributes.
* Set the Database Compatibility and the ADVM Compatibility both to 11.2.0.0.0 then click OK. Choose YES when prompted about advancing database compatibility.
* Click the Create button to add a new diskgroup.
* Name the new diskgroup BACKUP. Choose External redundancy and select the disk ORCL:BACKUP. Then, click the Show Advanced Options button.
* Leave the Allocation Unit at 1MB and set all compatibility parameters to 11.2.0.0.0, then click OK.
* Click EXIT to close the ASM Configuration Assistant.
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Setup Virtual Storage

* Hardware and Windows Minimum Requirements
* Install VMware Server
* Setup Virtual Networks
* Setup Virtual Storage
* Download Oracle Enterprise Linux
Next: Linux Install
If you are at an event, then the event organizers might provide a special DEMO option - where you can run a pre-configured RAC cluster on your own laptop. In order to use this DEMO option, follow this lab but use the directories on the event-provided external hard drive.
* RAC Attack is carefully designed to use three directories and spread out I/O for the best possible responsiveness during labs. Create these three directories in the destinations that you chose in Hardware and Windows Minimum Requirements, taking the guidelines into consideration. mkdir C:\RAC11g mkdir D:\RAC11g-shared mkdir D:\RAC11g-iso In the RAC11g directory, make sure that collabn1 and collabn2 subdirectories don't exist. rmdir C:\RAC11g\collabn1 rmdir C:\RAC11g\collabn2
* The VMware Server management interface is web-based, and some new web browsers are not compatible with it. There are two ways to open this management interface:
** Open a non-default web browser and go to the address https://localhost:8333/
*** If you are at an event, then the event organizers might have provided Firefox 2.0.0.20 which has been tested with RAC Attack. You can run this browser directly from the Jumpstart Drive without installing it on your PC. This version of firefox can also be downloaded from the internet.
** Launch VMware Server Home Page from the start menu. This will use your default web browser.
* Depending on what web browser you use, you might receive security-related warnings. Proceed through all of these warnings and choose to view the web page. The warning in Mozilla Firefox The same alert in Internet Explorer 6
* Login to the VMware console with the local windows admin account username and password.
* On the main screen (Summary tab), find the Commands box and choose Add Datastore.
* Repeat this step three times. Set the datastore names to RAC11g, RAC11g-shared and RAC11g-iso. Choose Local Datastore and use the directory path which you previously chose and created.
* VERIFY that the three new datastores exist in the Summary screen – named RAC11g and RAC11g-iso and RAC11g-shared. Also VERIFY that the two networks vmnet1 and vmnet8 are available as HostOnly and NAT respectively.
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Server Load Balancing

Prev: Clusterware Testing
* Install Instant Client
* Service Failover
* Connection Failover
* Runtime Failover
* Client Load Balancing
* Server Load Balancing
Next: RAC SQL and PLSQL
* Open a SQLPlus session on the database and confirm that there are no sessions for the SH user. SQL> select inst_id, count(*) from gv$session where username='SH' group by inst_id; no rows selected If there are any sessions, you can kill them with the output of this SQL: select 'alter system disconnect session '''|| sid||','||serial#||''' immediate;' from v$session where username='SH';
* Re-enable server-side load balancing on both instances by setting the REMOTE_LISTENER init parameter back to its default (collab-scan:1521) and re-registering. Before registering with the listeners, restart them to reset the connection statistics. SQL> alter system set remote_listener='collab-scan:1521'; System altered. collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ lsnrctl stop collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ lsnrctl start collabn2:/home/oracle[RAC2]$ lsnrctl stop collabn2:/home/oracle[RAC2]$ lsnrctl start Why is it true that you only need to run the "alter system" command once, but you need to run the lsnrctl command on both nodes? SQL> -- instance RAC1 SQL> alter system register; System altered. collabn1:/home/oracle[RAC1]$ lsnrctl services Service "RAC.vm.ardentperf.com" has 1 instance(s). Instance "RAC1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Handler(s): "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready REMOTE SERVER (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=collabn1.vm.ardentperf.com)(PORT=1521)) "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready LOCAL SERVER Instance "RAC2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Handler(s): "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready REMOTE SERVER (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=collabn2.vm.ardentperf.com)(PORT=1521))
* Edit the TNSNAMES.ORA file on the server you're connected to. Add an entry called LBTEST that connects to the RAC service - but only uses one listener. [root@collabn1 ~]# vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora LBTEST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = collab-scan)(PORT = 1521)) (LOAD_BALANCE = no) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = RAC.vm.ardentperf.com) ) )
* In your other connected SQLPlus session, keep an eye on the balance of connections. At the same time, open a new shell session and run this script which will open 160 connections to the database - but this time it will use the LBTEST connection. a=160; while [ $a -gt 0 ]; do sqlplus sh/sh@LBTEST & a=$((a-1)) done How were the connections distributed between the database instances during server-side load balancing?
* Terminate all of the sqlplus sessions by running these two commands. After you run the second command, press <Ctrl-C> after you start seeing the message "no more job". killall sqlplus while true; do fg; done <Ctrl-C>
# RAC Attack - Oracle Cluster Database at Home/Setup Virtual Networks

* Hardware and Windows Minimum Requirements
* Install VMware Server
* Setup Virtual Networks
* Setup Virtual Storage
* Download Oracle Enterprise Linux
Next: Linux Install
* Choose Manage Virtual Networks from the start menu. After the program starts, make sure that you see an "Apply" button at the bottom. If you do not see an "Apply" button then close the program and re-start it by right-clicking and choosing to "run as administrator" (this must be done on Windows 7 normally).
* Click the Host Virtual Network Mapping Tab and then click the Right Arrow Button next to VMnet1. Choose Subnet from the submenu.
* Set the IP address to 172.16.100.0 and click OK.
* Click the Right Arrow Button next to Vmnet8 and choose Subnet from the submenu.
* Set the IP address to 192.168.78.0 and click OK.
* Click the APPLY button.
* Return to the Summary tab and VALIDATE: VMnet1 has subnet 172.16.100.0 VMnet8 has subnet 192.168.78.0
* Go to the NAT tab and VALIDATE that the VMnet host is VMnet8 and Gateway IP is 192.168.78.2
# Radiation Oncology/Sarcoma/Hemangiopericytoma

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Hemangiopericytoma

## Overview

* Malignant vascular tumor
** Tumor cells appear like smooth muscle cells, but don't arise from endothelial cells
** Cell of origin not clear, possibly derived from pericytes
* Most commonly in pelvic, proximal femur, humerus, and vertebral bodies
* Median age in 4th and 5th decade
* Typically slow growing
* Radiography not definitive
** Easily confused with meningioma. No calcifications or hyperostosis on CT (where as meningiomas have these features)
** larger lesions will show flow voids on MRI.
* Treatment frequently surgical, role of chemo and RT not clear, although small series show lower rates of recurrence with addition of radiotherapy.
* Heidelberg, 2005 (Germany) (1984-2004) PMID 16222690 — "Precision radiotherapy for hemangiopericytomas of the central nervous system." (Combs SE et al. Cancer. 2005 Dec 1;104(11):2457-65.)
** Retrospective. 25 patients. 23 surgical resection. Treated with fractionated stereotactic RT or IMRT for tumors of the CNS and spine. Median dose 54 (in 1.8-2 Gy/fx)
** OS: 5-years 100%, 10-years 64%. 5-year PFS 61%
** Conclusion: "High precision" RT effective and safe
* SEER Analysis, 2013 (1990-2008) PMID 22867893 - The Role of Postoperative Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Meningeal Hemangiopericytoma—Experience From the SEER Database (Stessin AM et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Mar 1;85(3):784-90.)
** SEER analysis from 1990-2008 of 76 patients in, of these 38 (50%) underwent gross total resection (GTR), whereas the other half underwent subtotal resection (STR), with a mean follow-up time is 7.9 years (95 months). There were Postoperative RT was administered to 42% (16/38) of the patients in the GTR group and 50% (19/38) in the STR group. The 1-year, 10-year, and 20-year cause-specific survival rates were 99%, 75%, and 43%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, postoperative RT was associated with significantly better survival (HR = 0.269, 95% CI 0.084-0.862; P=.027), in particular for patients who underwent STR (HR = 0.088, 95% CI: 0.015-0.528; P<.008).
** Conclusion: Based on the current literature, the practical approach is to deliver limited field RT to doses of 50-60 Gy while respecting the normal tissue tolerance, especially for cases of STR.
# Radiation Oncology/Sarcoma/RTOG Sarcoma

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
* RTOG Website
* Wikibooks list of RTOG trials
Sarcoma: RTOG OPEN TRIALS :
| Number | Title |
| 06-30 | A Phase II Trial of Image Guided Preoperative Radiotherapy for Primary Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremity |
Sarcoma: RTOG CLOSED TRIALS :
| Number | Title | Publication |
| 03-30 | Phase II Pilot Study of Pre-Operative Thalidomide With Radiotherapy Alone in Patients With Low-Grade Primary Soft Tissue Sarcoma or With Radiotherapy and Doxorubicin, Ifosfamide, and Dacarbazine in Patients With High- or Intermediate-Grade Primary Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity or Body Wall | |
| 01-32 | Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Imatinib Mesylate in Patients With Primary or Recurrent Potentially Resectable Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor | PMID 18942073 |
| 95-14 | A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation therapy in the Management of High-Risk, High-Grade, Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Body Wall | PMID 16446334 |
| 84-11 | Phase III Randomized Comparison of Radiotherapy plus Hyperthermia vs Radiotherapy Alone in the Treatment of Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma, Breast Cancer, or Soft Tissue Sarcoma Amenable to Potentially Curable Radiotherapy | |
# Radiation Oncology/Sarcoma/Fibrosarcoma

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Fibrosarcoma

## Benign Fibrous Histologies

* Nodular fasciitis: rapid growth over several weeks, pain, tenderness. Plump mature fibroblasts. Self-limiting process; recurrence uncommon after excision
* Fibroma: nonspecific term. Dense fibrous nodule. Simple excision
* Elastofibroma: rare, slow-growing benign tumor. Typically lower portion of the scapula. Repetitive manual tasks. Considered reactive lesions. Swollen eosinophilic collagen and elastic fibers. Simple excision
* Superficial fibromatosis: arise from fascia or aponeuroses, small and slow growing
** Palmar fibromatosis (Dupuytren's contracture) most common
** Penile fibromatosis (Peyronie's disease) relatively rare, though more common in men who have palmar fibromatosis
* Deep fibromatosis: clinically diverse, deep-seated fibrous neoplasms
** For more detail, please see the Desmoid tumor page

## Fibrosarcoma Epidemiology

* 2-6% of primary malignant bone lesions
* Arise most commonly in tubular long bones, usually femur or tibia
* Most patients are 30-70; equal men and women
* Predisposing factors (~30% cases) include Paget's, fibrous dysplasia, osteomyelitis, bone infarcts, bone cysts, benign giant cell tumors, desmoplastic fibromas, or previous RT treatment

## Natural History

* Locally aggressive
* Metastatic potential related to grade
** High grade similar to osteosarcoma: 5-year OS ~25%
** Low grade: 5-year (and 10-year) OS ~50%. Mets rate 5-15%
* Survival: 5-year 34%, 10-year 28%, 20-year 25%
* Children have relatively milder prognosis

## Diagnosis

* Lytic with no reactive sclerosis
* High grade lesions show cortical destruction and periosteal reaction; sometimes with soft-tissue mass
* Radiographically very similar to osteosarcoma

## Staging

* Please see the bone staging page

## Treatment Overview

* Aggressive surgical resection
* Not considered highly radiosensitive, but RT recommended for inoperable tumors, residual disease, and palliation
* Perez (4th ed) recommends doses 66-70Gy with shrinking-field technique
# Radiation Oncology/Sarcoma/Hand-Foot

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Sarcomas of the Hand and Foot
# Radiation Oncology/Sarcoma/Guidelines

* Front Page: Radiation Oncology | RTOG Trials | Randomized Trials
Sarcoma Official Guidelines
Brachytherapy