# Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Relationships/Mutual Responsibilities

What are the mutual responsibilities of teachers, parents, and the community for effective schools? Education in America is always a popular topic of conversation and often receives much criticism. There is much debate over whether or not our education system is sufficient enough for our children’s futures. In recent years, education has become a hot button topic due to the research showing the United States slowly moving lower in ranks on the list of well educated countries. With this information, the massive population explosion, and an unstable economy, it is imperative that we as a country continue pushing for the best education possible. That is what our children deserve and must possess in order to succeed later in their lives. There is a triad of entities whose responsibilities are essential to the effectiveness or failure the education system. It is the mutual efforts and interactions between the schools, the parents, and the community, that makes an educational system successful.

## The Teacher's Responsibility

The teacher’s role in education is, simply put, to teach. However, it is far from simple. In essence, the teacher is like a gardener. Planting the seeds can perhaps be a metaphor for new students with new possibilities, perhaps kindergartners. The seeds need water, sun, and fertilizer to grow. This may also be stated as the curriculum, the self-confidence, and positive reinforcements that a student will need to develop the pertinent fundamental education and study skills to succeed later in life. However, a student should not be receiving this attention solely from his or her teacher. Parents need also be actively involved with their children’s lives in order to make the educational experience a positive and lasting one. After the implementation of the NCLB (No Child Left Behind Act), the accountability that schools experience is greater than before. The schools are responsible for making sure that the teaching staff is one of reputable stature, and that they possess the wisdom and competence needed to achieve the higher standards of education we now have implemented across the country. Schools must also be as up to date with technology as possible. School administrators must also ensure that the curriculum is current and passive enough to better assist students who will compete in the global economy. Superior communication skills between the parent(s) and the teacher, as well as encouragement of parental involvement, are crucial elements that factor into a student’s academic success. Duality of parental involvement is definitely noteworthy, as well as ways to improve upon it. In an Australian study, two hypotheses were tested and confirmed: (a) that the level of mother involvement was higher than that of the fathers, and (b) that the fathers are primarily involved in gender stereotypical activities (Silberberg 2006). The results of a hypothesis indicated that the involvement of women is four times greater that that of the men. The reasoning for this could be argued that the men, for the most part, work during the same hours of school. However, the involvement that the fathers do participate in is more gender oriented (sporting events and security) than academic in nature. There are some ways in which to further encourage the fathers to participate. Perhaps father/daughter or father/son outing, family barbecues, or even celebrating Father’s Day would be acceptable possibilities to further increase father involvement in the schools.

## The Parents' Responsibility

Though it is a combination of parental, school and community influences that help to insure educational excellence in our youth, it is mainly the parental responsibility to prepare the child for the social atmosphere in school. Children need to learn how to speak and listen in order to be successful in a school environment. It has been shown that children who do not hear much talk and who are not encouraged to speak have difficulties with reading, and children who have not learned to listen carefully often have issues following directions and paying attention in class (Johnson 2006). With this information, it makes parental involvement all that more important in the early learning process. When fathers are actively involved in school activities, children have a better chance to succeed in school (Wherry 2006). Further, the successfulness of a student is directly proportionate to the forcefulness and involvement of the parent(s). Unfortunately, many students have developed negative attitudes regarding education that are either fostered or ignored by their parents (Galloway 2006). Often times, these parents believe not only that the teacher’s job is to teach the children, but also instill in them morals, manners, kindness, and compassion. Sadly, the schools end up in charge of disciplining these children, as well as modeling proper societal behaviors (Galloway 2006). The only way to change this mentality is to break the cycle of negativity toward schools through making assistance programs available, as well as programs for intervention/prevention. Through much statistical research and evaluation, studies have showed that parents who are actively involved with their child and their education, have a higher success rate inside and outside of the class room. The relationship between parental involvement and success with the student is a steadily increasing number. Since the 1980’s there has been an increasing awareness and concern in, not only quality student education, but the potential affect that a parent has on their child’s education. Education starts at home. From the day that a child is born, their parents are responsible for building the framework of a good citizen. Teachers are here to teach and mentor the children, but “the research also shows that the earlier in a child's educational process parent involvement begins, the more powerful the effects will be.” (Cotton 2001) Parents have the responsibility to raise a child, and included in that responsibility is the teaching of good values and morals to children so that they can be successful in life. In this day and time, it is so easy for parents to become disconnected with their child, their school, and their community. There are many reasons why we should develop partnerships together such as, it strengthens our community, it strengthens our families, and it can be fun! It teaches our children a sense of responsibility, job skills, and tolerance. We can become involved by picking up garbage at the park, work at a community food bank or offer our help at a local animal shelter. By developing good partnerships within our families and communities will provide a steady foundation for our children to be successful.

## The Community's Responsibility

Finally, there are the roles in which the community is involved. There are many reasons to develop partnerships between school and community such as, improving school programs, provide family services and support, increase parents' skills and leadership, connect families with others in the school and community and help teachers with their work. The main reason would be to create these partnerships to help all students succeed in school and later in life. When we all work together, a caring community forms around the child and the child can begin to succeed. As a whole, the community is ultimately relying on the culmination of the schools, the parents, and itself to aid in producing future respectable members of their society. Support through the community comes in several different forms and fashions. Libraries, community centers, and churches each contribute in their own special ways. For instance, a library offers unlimited knowledge, with unlimited assistance, and endless empowerment for a student. Anything you ever wanted to know, you could most likely find there. Community centers often offer activities for parents to do with their children, for example, swimming lessons or swimming pool access. Often times there are mother/son and father/daughter one on one type themes to reinforce the parental involvement. Churches serve as a more spiritual positive reinforcement for the students as well as the family. Each of these areas of the community in the end will help to contribute to the education of the whole child including the values for kindness, compassion, cooperation, responsibility, self-esteem, and dignity (Wilson 1998).

## Conclusion

Education is not a one-sided, cut and dry concept. It takes the combined continued efforts between the schools, the parents and the community to keep the children on the right path in life. Unfortunately this information is either not stressed as frequently as it may need to be with the parents and communities, or it is ignored all together. There is much truth to the old saying, “It takes a village to raise a child.” That it does.

## Multiple Choice Questions

Click to reveal the answer.
    A. Parental involvement
    B. Community involvement
    C. School involvement
    D. All of the above
    A. It is directly proportionate to the forcefulness of the parents.
    B. It is directly proportionate to the involvement of the parents.
    C. Both A and B.
    D. None of the above.
    A. Less than mother involvement.
    B. More than mother involvement.
    C. Most often in gender stereotyped activities.
    D. Both A and C.
    A. Making assistance programs available to the family.
    B. Reprimanding the parents.
    C. Reprimanding the student.
    D. Encouraging the child to run away from his/her family.
    A. School rules.
    B. The No Child Left Behind Act.
    C. New software.
    D. New technology.
    A. An unstable economy.
    B. The population explosion.
    C. The steady decline of education in the United States in comparison to other countries.
    D. The need for uniforms in public schools.
    A. Community centers
    B. Parents
    C. Teachers
    D. Community
    A. Both parents
    B. Mothers
    C. Fathers
    D. Other family members

## Essay Question

Click to reveal sample responses.
Parents play the most vital role in their children’s education. Parental involvement is crucial to children’s education because the rules, theories, and teachings they learn in school must continue in the home in order to incorporate the knowledge and morals learned into daily routine. Another way parents are crucial is by providing the support children need to desire to succeed in school. Schools also need to provide mutual support to children. Teachers and other authorities (principle, secretary, etc.) need to provide children with a positive atmosphere to instill them with the desire to learn. As well as parents and school systems, the community needs to offer infinite support and resources to educating children. This extends from having numerous accessible libraries, recreational centers offering programs for parents and children, as well as programs for children to meet other children interested in the same activities.
Ensuring that all three areas of support, parents, schools, and communities, work together to positively support children, is key in efficiently educating children. Children need support from their parents to continue their growth and progress outside of the classroom. As well as parents, children need schools and their communities to create positive atmospheres that encourage the desire to learn. With parents, schools, and communities working together to mutually support and efficiently educate children, the children receive the knowledge they need and deserve. —Brittney O'Bryan
The three areas that students need mutual support are from their parents, the schools, and the community. Without all of these three areas working together to achieve a common goal, students will not succeed as they should. There are a lot of students who have community and school support, but no family support. There are also a lot of students that get support at home, but not at school. As a teacher, we should give our support and have the community give theirs. We can try and get the students support from home, but we can only do so much.
Support from home starts with the parents. Parents should be involved in what their children are doing and help them when they can. There are a lot of parents who have to work odd hours, but there should always be someone there for the student. The parents must not only support academically, but also socially. They need to discipline their children when they need to, teach them right from wrong, and get them socially adapted to interacting with other students.
The teacher’s job is to teach. The teacher should teach and help the students understand the material. If a student is having trouble in class, the teacher needs to step up and help this student achieve academically. However, there are too many times when the teacher becomes the disciplinarian because the student isn’t getting support at home.
The last area that students need support is from the community. The community can help from having a library where the students can go to read to churches where the students can get guidance. Another way that the community is involved is by getting the parents with the students and having family activities. There are so many ways in which the community can be involved. They can help donate to the schools, and they can recognize students for their achievements.
Parents play the most vital role in their children’s education. Parental involvement is crucial to children’s education because the rules, theories, and teachings they learn in school must continue in the home in order to incorporate the knowledge and morals learned into daily routine. Another way parents are crucial is by providing the support children need to desire to succeed in school. Schools also need to provide mutual support to children. Teachers and other authorities (principle, secretary, etc.) need to provide children with a positive atmosphere to instill them with the desire to learn. As well as parents and school systems, the community needs to offer infinite support and resources to educating children. This extends from having numerous accessible libraries, recreational centers offering programs for parents and children, as well as programs for children to meet other children interested in the same activities.
Ensuring that all three areas of support, parents, schools, and communities, work together to positively support children, is key in efficiently educating children. Children need support from their parents to continue their growth and progress outside of the classroom. As well as parents, children need schools and their communities to create positive atmospheres that encourage the desire to learn. With parents, schools, and communities working together to mutually support and efficiently educate children, the children receive the knowledge they need and deserve. —Brittney O'Bryan
The three areas that students need mutual support are from their parents, the schools, and the community. Without all of these three areas working together to achieve a common goal, students will not succeed as they should. There are a lot of students who have community and school support, but no family support. There are also a lot of students that get support at home, but not at school. As a teacher, we should give our support and have the community give theirs. We can try and get the students support from home, but we can only do so much.
Support from home starts with the parents. Parents should be involved in what their children are doing and help them when they can. There are a lot of parents who have to work odd hours, but there should always be someone there for the student. The parents must not only support academically, but also socially. They need to discipline their children when they need to, teach them right from wrong, and get them socially adapted to interacting with other students.
The teacher’s job is to teach. The teacher should teach and help the students understand the material. If a student is having trouble in class, the teacher needs to step up and help this student achieve academically. However, there are too many times when the teacher becomes the disciplinarian because the student isn’t getting support at home.
The last area that students need support is from the community. The community can help from having a library where the students can go to read to churches where the students can get guidance. Another way that the community is involved is by getting the parents with the students and having family activities. There are so many ways in which the community can be involved. They can help donate to the schools, and they can recognize students for their achievements.

## References

* Cotton, Kathleen and Karen Reed Wikelund (2001). "Parent Involvement in Education" http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu6.html
* Epstein, Joyce L. (1995). School/Family/Community Partnerships: Caring for the Children We Share [Electronic Version]. Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 75.
* Galloway, Melinda (2006). The Delicate Cycle. Educational Horizons,84, no4, pgs 257-260. Retrieved September 16, 2006 from the Wilson Web Database.
* Homeier, Barbara P. (2004). Community Service - A Family's Guide to Getting Involved [Electronic Version]. Retrieved April 25, 2007 from http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/volunteer.html
* Johnson, Greg (2006). Parental Involvement is Key to Success[Electronic Version]. The Philadelphia Tribune, Vol. 122, Iss 48;pg.11, 1 pgs. Retrieved September 16, 2006, from https://search.proquest.com/docview/337752169
* Silberberg, Richard Fletcher Simone (2006). Involvement of Fathers in Primary School Activities. Australian Journal of Education, 50 no1, pgs 29-39.
* Wherry, John H.(2006). Don't Forget!Principal(Reston, VA),86 no 1 6 S/O 2006. Retrieved September 16, 2006 , from Wilson Web Database.