OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Telugu/Dialects

Telugu (తెలుగు telugu, /t̪elugu/) has three main dialects, known as māndalikamu (మాండలికము, /maːŋɖəlɪkəmʊ/) or yās (యాస, /jaːsə/). They are named after the three traditional Telugu regions in South-Eastern India: Telangana, Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema.
The language has many sub-dialects such as the North Coastal dialect (spoken in the Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram and Visakhapatnam districts), Godavari dialect, Gunturu Mandalikamu, Nelluru dialect, Kurnool, Chittoor, Kadapa, Karimnagar, Khammam as well as other dialects. Though the vocabulary does not vary significantly among the dialects of Telugu, differences in pronunciation of certain words, as well as the accent of geographically demarcated populations, demonstrates substantial diversity and richness.
# Telugu/Animals

Deer - జింక (jinka)
Lion - సింహం (simham )
Horse - గుఱ్ఱం (Gurram )
Elephant - ఏనుగు (Enugu)
Tiger - పులి (puli)
Monkey - కోతి (kothi)
Bear - ఎలుగుబంటి (elugubanti)
Cheetah - చిరుత (chirutha)
Leopard - చిరుతపులి (chiruthapuli)
Donkey - గాడిద (gadidha)
Rabbit - కుందేలు (kundhelu)
Squirrel - ఉడుత (udatha)
Rat - ఎలుక (eluka)
Dog - కుక్క (kukka)
Cat - పిల్లి (pilli)
Bat - గబ్బిలం (gabbilam)
Fox - నక్క( nakka )
Jackal - గుంట నక్క (Gunta nakka)
Hyena - దుమ్ములగొండి/గొరబోతు/కొర్నవగండు (Dummalagondi/Gorabothu/Kornavagandu)
# Telugu/Greetings

* Hi, how are you? - Namaskaram, elaa unnaaru? (నమస్కారం, ఎలా ఉన్నారు?)
* Hi, are you keeping well? - Namaskaram, baagunnaaraa? (నమస్కారం, బాగున్నారా?)
* Good morning - Shubhodayam (శుభోదయం)
* Good night - Shubharatri (శుభరాత్రి)
* Good afternoon - Shubha Madhyahnam ( శుభ మధ్యాహ్నం)
* Good evening - Shubha Sayanthram (శుభ సాయంత్రం)
* See / meet you tomorrow - Repu Kalusthanu ( రేపు కలుస్తాను) / Repu Kaluddam ( రేపు కలుద్దాం)
# Telugu/Introduction

Telugu (తెలుగు telugu) is a Dravidian language (South-Central Dravidian languages) mostly spoken in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it is the official language. Telugu is among the fifteen most widely spoken languages in the world. There are approximately 10,000 words in Telugu as a contemporary language. Including non-native speakers, it is the most spoken language in the Dravidian family of languages (which include Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Kuvi, Tulu and Brahui which is spoken in Pakistan), the second most spoken language in the Republic of India after Hindi, and the third most spoken language in the Indian subcontinent after Hindi and Bengali. It is one of the twenty-two official languages of the Republic of India. It is widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and is also spoken in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Orissa, and Pondicherry, with major populations of Telugu-speakers in Bangalore and Chennai. Outside India, it is also spoken among the Indian Telugu diaspora in the United States of America, Malaysia, Mauritius, South Africa, Ireland, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Réunion, Trinidad and the United Kingdom.
# Visual Basic for Applications/File and Folder Utilities
## Summary

* This first set of utilities concentrates on the basic FileSystemObject set; that is, the set used to find whether or not a file or folder exists, what their sizes are, and whether or not they have a particular attribute. A basic path parsing procedure is also provided. All of these procedures need a reference set in the VBA editor to Microsoft Scripting Runtime
* No universally useful code was found for testing for open files. Although many procedures exist, they all fail in some way, usually failing to identify open text or image files, or Office files that are marked as read-only. The basis of the problem is that many such files in Windows do not lock when opened by a user, so procedures that attempt to detect the open state by trying for sole access, cannot do so. Any reader with a universal solution is, as always, invited to comment.

## VBA Notes

At times it is useful to know whether or not a file or folder has a particular attribute, for example, to avoid hidden or system files in listings. The procedure HasAttribute does this, taking a path to the file as parameter and a short-code to identify the attribute of interest. However, the attribute bundle is delivered with all of the attribute number values added together, so this type of test, like other enumerations that involve constants (eg; the message box types), makes use of the AND function to split the bundle.
For example: (See procedure HasAttribute below.) Assume that the attribute bundle from GetAttr equals 37
and that we are testing for the "system" attribute only ("S") with vbSystem = 4. Now, for numbers, the AND operator performs a bitwise AND on each column, so gives:
0100101$_2$ = 37$_{10}$ = vbArchive + vbSystem + vbReadOnly 0000100$_2$ = 4$_{10}$ = vbSystem _______
0000100$_2$ = 4$_{10}$, interpreted by boolean variables as True since it is non-zero
That is to say, the "system" attribute is present in the attribute bundle. If the "system" attribute were not set, then the result would have been all zeros
It is important to note that the returned value tests only one attribute at a time; that is to say, although a file returns true for for read-only ("R"), it might also have other attributes that are not tested. If users would rather have all of the file or folder attributes returned in one string, some work might be done to concatenate the result codes.
An example of file path parsing is given in the ParsePath procedure. The example uses the Split function to place all of the backslash separated terms into an array, then recombines them to make the path. A similar method, split on the dot is used to make the file name and suffix.
# Visual Basic for Applications/CommandButton Toggle
## Summary

This VBA code module is made for Microsoft Excel but is easily adapted for use in other Office applications that can run VBA with user forms:
* Two improved CommandButton_Click procedures are provided. They show better emphasis when buttons are prssed. CmmandButton1_Click has a toggle action, for example to set either one of two possible modes, and CommandButton2_Click performs the usual task of one function. In each case:
** The user-set captions change in transition to reflect the current state of the buttons, for example Running etc. This can be of interest in the toggle states or when a procedure takes a long time to run.
** The button size is swelled about its center. This avoids enlargement from a fixed top-left point. The amount of the increase can be set within the procedure.
** The background and font color of the buttons are set in code, so are easily modified. Separate colors can be used for the two states.
** The Me.Repaint lines ensure that the button formats update immediately. If they are not present the procedures will start, and perhaps end, before that was done. Without Me.Repaint, but when DoEvents exists in the procedure-to-run, the repaint might still appear to work normally, until a procedure is run that does not require DoEvents. For those who intend to study this point, it is shown up best in the CommandButton2_Click procedure.

## The Code Module

Copy the UserForm_Initialize, CommandButton1_Click, and CommandButton2_Click procedures into the UserForm module of an Excel project. This can be achieved by first inserting a form called UserForm1, with one CommandButton called CommandButton1 and another CommandButton2. Double-click within the form in design mode to access its module. The Workbook_Open procedure goes into the ThisWorkbook module. Then, save the workbook, and run Workbook_Open (or re-open the workbook) to test the buttons on the form.

### Modifications

* 20 Jan 2019, added the previously omitted Me.Repaint code lines
# Visual Basic for Applications/Compare Shuffle Methods for Bias
## Summary

This VBA code module shows how bias can affect a shuffle algorithm, even when a random generator is used. The module is intended for MS Excel and prints two statistics panels on the worksheet to show how the selected methods differ. The good version is the Knuth shuffle algorithm, and the other is one that makes methodical swaps, sometimes multiple swaps, throughout the length of the array.

## Notes on the code

* Copy the entire code listing into an Excel Standard module, save it, then run the top procedure.
* The shuffle algorithms run for many cycles, (user set), and the bin count of discrete outcomes is presented in statistics. Notice that a very small number of elements, (3 or 4), has been used to keep the display and run time manageable. It may be of interest to know that the number of discrete outcome combinations is equal to the factorial of the number of elements. That is; using just six elements, say A,B,C,D,E,and F, would result in 6! = 120 discrete combinations, and a corresponding increase in the time to run.
* In particular, it should be noted that a small coefficient of variation (CV) denotes a method that is close to random whereas one with a higher CV shows that there is bias in the method.
* The method that uses multiple swaps is biased, whereas the Knuth method is not.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Error Handling
## Summary

The code module below shows one layout method for error handling. It uses a bit more space than the usual thing but has good clarity. It also includes error logging and a block for testing the code by raising errors. Only a few errors have been listed.
Notice that no formatting is done in the log writing procedure itself, and that a choice of block logs with line separation or serial logs with comma-separation are both included.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Delays Past Midnight
## Summary

This VBA module delays for a specified number of seconds. It will work in any MS Office application that can run VBA. The following points are worth noting:
* Most delay procedures have problems at midnight when the Timer function resets, so code that depends on the difference of two values that span that time will be in error, and will perhaps cause a failure. This procedure avoids such problems by also compensating for the number of lapsed days. As such it will be found useful in timing and clock applications, if not for measuring time, at least for deciding when the display is to be updated. For example; running a delay of twenty seconds from ten seconds to midnight (clock count 86390) to ten seconds after midnight (supposed clock count 86410) would reset at midnight, and would never reach the required end value. The problem is solved by adding one count of 86400 (the number of seconds in one day) to the stepped value for each time that a date transition is made.
* The anticipated resolution of the procedure is about 10-16mS, consistent with that of the system timer. It is perhaps of interest to note that the GetTickCount API while able to accept millisecond parameters is still limited to the same 10-16mS resolution of the system timer.
* The procedure parameter can take on integers and fractions of a second, provided comments about resolution are borne in mind.

## The Code

Copy the following VBA code into a standard module in Excel, Word, or any other Office application that supports VBA.

## See Also

* Wait Functions - Chip Pearson: Several other methods of delay are considered.
# Visual Basic for Applications/File and Folder Dialogs
## Summary

At times we need to access files and folders to provide input for procedures, and the code below will do this. They are not much different to the dialogs that Windows uses, and each of them works by returning a full path string to the chosen item. When a folder is selected, the returned string does not include the end backslash; the user needs to add that himself.
The two dialogs ''SelectFolder'' and ''SelectFile'' will work with both 32 bit and 64 bit version of MS Office, but the API procedure ''BrowseFolder'' is not intended for 64 bit working; it works only in 32 bit systems. For completeness, another version of the API for 64 bit systems has been added at the foot of the page. Although these two look a bit similar, it is important to choose the right one for your version of MS Office. All three can be run from the test procedure.
Just copy the entire code listing into a standard module for use, and comment out the API version that is unwanted, assuming that an API is used at all.

## VBA Code Module

The default file-type listing that opens in SelectFile is decided by which of the Filters.Add code lines appears first in the sequence. For example, to have the All Files as your prefered listing, just move that line so that it immediately follows the Filters Clear line. Of course, the listing can also be changed by selecting the drop menu while the dialog is open.

## External Links

* BrowseFolder : Chip Pearson's page on the API folder browser.
* FileDialog Properties and Methods: The Microsoft documentation for the FileDialog selection methods. It includes a code panel showing the use of file multi-selection.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Date-Time String Formats
## Summary

This page lists VBA code to format date-time strings and intervals. It is for use in Microsoft Excel and similar applications that run VBA code. The procedure takes a date variable and returns it as a formatted string. The parameter nOpt sets the chosen format from a set that includes dates, times, or intervals. There are two main format types in use:
* Strings containing a date, are those that display a day, month, and year, with or without times added to them. The important point here is that the number of days stored in the date variable is intended to be displayed as a date, as opposed to an integer. For example, the integer stored for 25 December 2018 is just 43459 and is only converted for display. Nearly all of the format options in the code module are of this basic type.
* Strings containing time intervals, are intended to display the number of days as an integer, as opposed to displaying it as a conventional date; that is, in the format d:h:m:s, like a stopwatch. If a date format is selected for an intended for an interval of a couple of days or so, then a very early date near 1900 will be displayed. That said, such an error might still be useful for those curious about the actual number of days associated with a particular date. One time interval format has been included to illustrate the difference in the method, while a full set of these can be found on an adjacent page.
* Date-time variable assignment examples can be found in the procedure DateAssign.

## VBA Code Module

Copy the entire VBA code listing into a standard module, select a formatting option (1-15) in the top procedure , then run it.

### Modifications

* 10 Jan 2019, DateTimeFormat code modified to include one interval format.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Discrete Data Bin Stats
## Summary

This code module is intended for MS Excel, since it writes a set of statistics to the worksheet. It assumes that there is discrete data in a 1D array, either string or numeric. A set of statistics is printed, not for the raw data on the array, but for the bin-count of discrete values found on it. It includes a listing of the bin counts and other statistics. For example, if the array contained only elements with a one or a zero value, the results would list the overall counts of each, and produce other statistics.

## Notes on the code

* Copy the entire code listing into an Excel Standard module, save it, then run the top procedure.
# Visual Basic for Applications/Excel Sheet True Used Range
## Summary

* This code listing is for Excel. The procedure GetUsedRange returns the true used range of the Worksheet in the function name. An example is also given below of its use in the procedure WorkRangeInArray. It can typically be used to find the next writing position on a worksheet, but in any case returns all of the cell limits on each run.
* Reports on various internet sites describe problems with the built-in UsedRange function. The problem types, apart from errors of understanding, seem to be divided between issues concerning the number of cells scrolled and errors in reporting the used range itself. This author has been unable to reproduce errors in reporting the UsedRange but requests inputs from interested parties. Readers with a clear demonstration of the UsedRange problem might care to advise me of it in the Discussion tab of this page. It is true to say that the removal of cell content at the end of a worksheet will not result in a revised scrolled region, and the use of Ctrl-End will still travel to the old position after deletion. These two matters are not necessarily linked however, since this still happens even while the UsedRange is correctly reported. In the meantime this code module will obtain a true used range.
* The procedure GetUsedRange approaches the used cells from the outer limits in all four directions, and then, after noting the first filled cells that it encounters for each direction, defines the overall range as the smallest bounding rectangle that fits the whole thing. It optionally returns the row and column bounds at the same time.
* The procedure WorkRangeInArray makes use of GetUsedRange in an example that loads a source sheet range onto an array for work, then passes it back to a target sheet, same or other, at some specified or default position.

## VBA Code Listing (Modified 3 Dec 2016)

Added descriptive variable names for GetUsedRange parameters in accordance with suggestion in Discussion.(3 Dec 2016)
# UNDP-APDIP Books

These books were donated to Wikibooks by the Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme (APDIP) of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
These books have been released under the GFDL, and it is hoped that the Wikibooks community will help to make them better. The books in this section are broken down into two sub-categories: FOSS books and ICT4D books.
FOSS books serve as an introduction to various aspects and dimensions of free/open source software (FOSS) issues, including FOSS in education, FOSS and government policy, localization, open standards and licensing.
ICT4D books detail the concepts, issues and trends surrounding different aspects of information and communications technology for development (ICT4D), including, e-government, e-commerce, ICT for education, ICT for poverty alleviation, Internet governance, biotechnology, etc.
For more information about UNDP-APDIP, please visit http://www.apdip.net

## FOSS Books

* FOSS A General Introduction
* FOSS Education
* FOSS Government Policy
* FOSS Licensing
* FOSS Localization
* FOSS Open Standards
* FOSS Network Infrastructure and Security
* FOSS Open Content
* FOSS E-Books

## ICT4D Books

* E-Commerce and E-Business
* E-government
* Gender and ICT
* Genes, Technology and Policy
* ICT in Education
* Information and Communication Technologies for Poverty Alleviation
* Internet Governance
* Legal and Regulatory Issues in the Information Economy
* Nets, Webs and the Information Infrastructure
* The Information Age
* Small and Medium Enterprises and ICT
* ICT for Disaster Management
# UNIX Computing Security

UNIX Computing Security describes the practical security aspects of UNIX and UNIX-like systems, and how the available defenses can be applied to restrict unauthorized access or use of a system. This book is intended for readers familiar with the basics of UNIX.

## Contents

* Introduction (November 7, 2005)
* Principles and policies (November 7, 2005)
* Access authorization (November 7, 2005)
* UNIX filesystem (November 7, 2005)
* Securing accounts (January 18, 2005)
* System processes (November 7, 2005)
* Distributed environments (November 7, 2005)
* Remote access (January 26, 2006)
* Log files and auditing (January 16, 2006)
* Physical security (November 7, 2005)
* Data security (November 7, 2005)
* Attacks and exploits (January 18, 2005)
* Incident response (November 7, 2005)
* Security patching (November 7, 2005)
* Useful tools (February 1, 2006)
* References (November 7, 2005)
* Auditing Guidelines (October 8, 2010)
# UNIX Computing Security/Auditing Guidelines

Risk Assessment
Audit Planning
Audit Steps
# UNIX Computing Security/Attacks and exploits

Suggested topics: buffer overflow, denial of service, format string attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, penetration testing.
* "Never ascribe to malice, that which can be explained by incompetence." —Napoleon Bonaparte.
# The Lyrics of Henry VIII/And I war a maydyn (Unattributed)

[ff. 106$^v$-107$^r$]
And I war a maydyn as many one ys for all the golde in englond I wold not do amysse
When I was a wanton wench 5 of .xii. yere of age. Thes cowrtyers with ther amorus they kyndyld my corage.
When I was come to
the age of .xv. yere. 10 In all this lond nowther fre nor bond me thought I had no pere.

## Textual Commentary

This seemingly incomplete lyric begins a tale spoken by a female, in retrospect, of her growth in the “corage” (l. 8) kindled by amorous courtiers. “And I war a maydyn” is a popular tune. “Swet Iesu is cum to vs / this good tym of crystmas” (OxEP ff. 45$^v$–47$^v$; Greene #93) is stated to be “A song in the tune of / And y were a mayden”; its burden is “hey now now now.” As well, a lyric with a similar name is mentioned in the interlude Thersites: “‘And I were a maid again’ now may be here song” (Hazlitt and Dodsley, eds. i.405).
    7 amorus Amours, loves.
    8 corage Sexual vigour and inclination, the desire to love, the amorous spirit; see Henry’s “The tyme of youthe is to be spent” (H 19.10, note).
The first stanza of the unattributed “And I war a maydyn” is through-set for five voices. The remaining lines are underlaid, and appear to be incomplete. LTho contains an incipit and several lines in English, with Latin following. This piece is indexed in Robbins Index & Suppl. 302.5 and Ringler MS TM154. It is reprinted in Flügel Anglia 250, Stevens M&P 42, and Stevens MCH8 78–9.

## Textual Notes
### Texts Collated

H$^{1,2,3,4,5}$ (ff. 106$^v$–107$^r$, ll. 1–4 H$^{2,3,4,5}$), LTho (f. 59$^r$, ll. 1–4).
    2 one] here LTho
    3 englond] this lonne LTho