OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Simple Guide to Minecraft/Survival

Survival mode is the primary gameplay mode in Minecraft, offering a challenging and immersive experience where players must gather resources, explore the world, and survive against various threats.
In Survival mode, players begin with no items or tools and must rely on their ingenuity to progress. The core objective is to gather resources such as wood, stone, and ores to craft tools, weapons, and other necessities. Players must also acquire food to maintain their hunger meter, ensuring they have the energy to undertake tasks and regenerate health.
Survival mode introduces a day-night cycle, where players must contend with hostile mobs that spawn during the night. These creatures, including zombies, skeletons, and creepers, pose a constant danger and require combat skills to defeat or avoid. During the day, players can explore, mine resources, build structures, and interact with the game's expansive world.
The environment in Survival mode is filled with diverse biomes, including forests, mountains, deserts, and oceans, each offering unique resources and challenges. Players can encounter animals for hunting, tame various creatures, cultivate crops, and engage in farming and breeding to sustain themselves and develop their gameplay strategies.
Players also have the opportunity to engage in cooperative or competitive multiplayer survival, where they can collaborate with others or compete against them in a shared world, adding an additional layer of social interaction and gameplay dynamics.
Survival mode's open-ended nature allows players to set their own goals and objectives, whether it's constructing elaborate structures, embarking on epic quests, or delving into dangerous dungeons to uncover valuable treasures. The mode fosters creativity, resource management, exploration, and problem-solving skills, providing a dynamic and immersive gameplay experience.
Overall, Survival mode is the quintessential Minecraft experience, combining the thrill of exploration, resource gathering, combat, and crafting. It offers a rich and engaging gameplay journey where players can shape their own adventures and survive in a vibrant and ever-evolving world.
For more information, please see the Survival Tutorials page.
# Simple Guide to Minecraft/Upgrading (After 1.20)

* This book applies to version 1.20 and forward of Minecraft.
To obtain Netherite tools and armor, you must collect the diamond tool/armor variants of what you want to upgrade, Netherite Upgrade Simithing Templates, and Netherite. Netherite can be obtained from smelting Ancient Debris into Netherite Scrap. Combining four Netherite Scrap with 4 gold ingots creates one Netherite ingot. Netherite can also be found in bastion remnant loot chests. Netherite Upgrade Simithing Templates can be found in bastion remnants (guaranteed in treasure bastions).
With a Smithing Table (crafted with four planks and two iron), put your diamond tool/armor and combine it with Netherite ingots and Netherite Upgrade Simithing Templates to create Netherite variants of the tools and armors in the game.
# Simple Guide to Minecraft/Upgrading (Before 1.20)

This section applies to version 1.19 and before of Minecraft, an older version.
To obtain Netherite tools and armor, you must collect the diamond tool/armor variants of what you want to upgrade, and Netherite. Netherite can be obtained from smelting Ancient Debris into Netherite Scrap. Combining four Netherite Scrap with 4 gold ingots creates one Netherite ingot. Netherite can also be found in bastion remnant loot chests. With a Smithing Table (crafted with four planks and two iron), put your diamond tool/armor and combine it with Netherite ingots to create Netherite variants of the tools and armors in the game.
# Important Mobs in the End

The End is the mysterious and final dimension in Minecraft, accessible through the End Portal. It is home to unique and challenging mobs that players must encounter and overcome. Here are some of the important mobs you will encounter in the End:

## Endermen

Endermen are tall, slender mobs with long limbs and glowing purple eyes. They are passive until provoked or looked at directly, at which point they become hostile and attack the player. They will atack Endermites. Endermen have the ability to teleport and are known for their distinct teleportation sound. They drop ender pearls upon defeat, which are useful for teleportation and crafting Eye of Enders.

## Shulkers

Shulkers are box-shaped mobs that reside in End Cities and End Ships. They have the unique ability to levitate and shoot projectiles called shulker bullets, which cause levitation in players upon impact. Shulkers drop shulker shells when killed, which can be used to craft shulker boxes for additional storage. These mobs provide a challenge and valuable rewards to those who explore the End Cities.

## Endermites

Endermites are small hostile mobs that spawn rarely when an ender pearl is used. They closely resemble silverfish and attack players on sight. While endermites don't have any notable drops, they can be used to lure and distract ender pearls in certain situations.

## Ender Dragon

The Ender Dragon is the final boss of Minecraft, residing at the End Portal. Defeating the dragon requires strategic planning and combat skills. It has a variety of attacks, including charging at players, launching fireballs, and summoning Ender Crystals for healing. Upon defeating the Ender Dragon, it drops valuable items such as experience orbs, dragon's breath, and the Dragon Egg. For more information see the Enderdragon page.

## Conclusion

The End is a mysterious and challenging dimension that introduces unique mobs and the ultimate boss fight. Endermen, Shulkers, Endermites, and the powerful Ender Dragon await players who brave the journey to this extraordinary realm. Understanding their behaviors, drops, and combat strategies is crucial for conquering the End and completing the Minecraft adventure.
# Simulation with AnyLogic

This book helps you to start modeling with AnyLogic — a multi-method simulation modeling tool.

## Contents

* Agent-Based Modeling
* System Dynamics
* Discrete Event Simulation
* Pedestrian Simulation
# All pages:
### Main pages

* Main page
* Manual of Style
* Table of Contents (this page)
* Survival Tutorials
* Building Tutorials

### Gamemodes

* Survival
** Hardcore
* Creative
* Adventure
* Spectator
* Note on Difficulty Levels

### Mechanics

* Heath & Hunger
* Crafting
* Smelting & Cooking
* Upgrading (Before 1.20)
* Upgrading (After 1.20)
* Enchanting
* Villager Trading
* Villager Trading (Expermental)
* Brewing
* Archaeology
* Redstone
* PvP & Combat (Before 1.9)
* PvP & Combat (After 1.9)
* Armor Trims
* Potions & Effects
* Trial Chambers (Experimental)

### Dimensions
#### The Overworld

* Structures
* Mobs
* Loot
* Biomes

#### Nether

* Structures
* Mobs
* Loot
* Biomes

#### The End

* The Enderdragon
* Structures
* Mobs
* Loot
* Biomes

### Other

* Building
* Speedrunning
* Updates & Snapshots
* Controls
* Minecraft Wiki
* Glossary
* Note on Java & Bedrock differences

### Templates

* Template:Simple Guide to Minecraft/Wiki
# Past LSAT Explained/PrepTest 44/Directions

Reading Comprehension Directions: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question, and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
# Past LSAT Explained/PrepTest 45/Method of Argument

attempt to undermine the analysts' argument by questioning the truth of its premises
attempts to undermine the analysts' argument by suggesting that the analysts present it for self-serving reasons
attempts to undermine the analysts' argument by drawing an alternative conclusion from the analysts' premises
argues that the analysts' conclusion is basically right, but suggests that it is somewhat too optimistic
argues in favor of the analysts' conclusion, but does so on the basis of a different body of evidence
proposing an alternative course of action for achieving the objectives of the proposal being argued against
raising considerations in order to show that the proposal being argued against, if strictly implemented, would lead to absurd consequences
using specific examples in order to show that an alternative to the proposal being argued against would better achieve the ends to which the original proposal was directed
introducing a case analogous to the one under consideration to show that a general implementation of the proposal being argued against would be impossible
questioning the motivation of those who made the proposal being argued against
# Past LSAT Explained/PrepTest 44/Flaw

Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning above?
It gives only a single example It fails to consider that It does not consider the possibility It presumes, without providing warrant It presumes, without providing justification It does not differentiate between
# Past LSAT Explained/PrepTest 44/Purpose

Question stems are
Phrases used to denote this question choices
The LSAC released a ten year study commissioned by the American Bar Association which shows a strong correlation between the LSAT score and first year law school GPA. Another study done by Wikiversity School of Law confirms the notion that the LSAT is the best predictor of law school performance available.
The LSAT is a standardized test designed to measure the cognitive skills necessary for law school education.
A few schools such as Yale do not rank the first year law students. The atmosphere tends to be more congenial and cooperative than some others such as Georgetown. The schools that have a class rank can be quite competitive and much more stressful to the students. One student describes his law school experience as "cut throat". One thing that the both types of law school share is that they all require a high LSAT score and solid GPA.
The law school admission process can be summarized as follows. One year before the application deadline you need to sign up for the LSAT. Give yourself at least a few months before taking the test to adequately prepare for the test. When you receive the test score, start filling out the application.
There are ways that you can become a lawyer without taking the LSAT. Concord Law School, run by Kaplan, is an online law school in California that does not require an LSAT score for admission. You can get a law degree in a foreign country and then get a LLM degree which qualifies you for writing the bar exam in New York.
LSAC notes that though LSAT scores are one of the most reliable and useful tool in selecting students for law school admission, sole reliance on the number can be detrimental. No test is perfect and has a margin of error. LSAC therefore stresses the admission council to consider other factors along with the LSAT scores to make an informed decision.
Mr. Wiki calls for discontinuation of the LSAT since it not only exacerbates racial inequality but also gender inequality. He believes that only by introducing an unbiased and fair exam can the American legal system be free of the excess of litigious culture.
LSAT stands for law school admission test, a reasoning test developed and administered by Law School Admission Council, a non-profit organization, formerly know as Law Services.

## External Links

http://www.prep.com/lsatarticle.pdf
# Past LSAT Explained/PrepTest 44/Main Idea

Question Wording Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?
# Past LSAT Explained/PrepTest 45/Attitude

enthusiastic support
bemused dismissal
reasoned disagreement
strict neutrality
guarded agreement
# SourceAFIS

Let's start with a definition. SourceAFIS is an open-source Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) that performs fingerprint recognition (a subfield of biometrics) on pairs or whole databases of human fingerprints.
This book will guide you through first steps with SourceAFIS, advice you on advanced topics, and provide you, if you are curious, with an overview of how SourceAFIS algorithms work.

## Contents

* Tutorial
# Sound Synthesis Theory/Policy

* Although the tone is generally aimed at musicians and people with little prior knowledge of music systems, there may be some mathematical concepts and programming techniques that are not familiar.
* The book focuses on synthesis from a digital perspective rather than an analogue one, since it aims to demonstrate the theory of digital synthesis rather than applications to a specific medium or piece of software.
* Use diagrams and pictures where possible to illustrate ideas; it informs and makes the Wikibook more readable, approachable and better overall.
* Key terms and words are included in a Glossary for further clarification.
* Important statements or facts should be highlighted in the following way.
# Physical Modelling Synthesis
## Introduction

Physical Modelling synthesis is not confined to a particular technique, but rather represents a family of approaches to synthesis. Physical modelling systems attempt to model the propagation of sound energy in a system, typically starting with a mathematical model or algorithm that is often recursive. Physical modelling techniques often start by attempting to replicate the basic structure of an acoustic instrument and hence mimic the sound it makes when 'excited'. This excitation normally comes in the form of an initial impulse, typically a short burst of noise.
The main advantage of this system is that one can generate convincing acoustic sounds, such as a plucked string or drum hit. Aside from this, other advantages include the ability to tweak parameters (e.g. instrument body density, string length) in order to create specific types of instrument from a generic model. In the extremes, one can specify strange and unrealistic parameters in order to create models of instruments that are impossible to realise physically! Physical modelling systems typically employ delay lines in their structure and this can mean that the output of the system can go out of control and create unwanted feedback.

## The Karplus-Strong Algorithm

Alexander Strong and Kevin Karplus developed software and hardware implementations for this algorithm, naming it "Digitar" synthesis.
# Synthesis software / tools
## Analysis

Audacity - Wave editor with analysis and basic synthesis / modification tools. Free
Ardour - Digital audio workstation. Free
SPEAR - Spectrum analysis and resynthesis tool. Proprietary freeware

## Hosts (VST, MIDI etc.)

VSTHost - Host for VST plugins. Windows. Free

## Modular / environment

Pure Data (Pd) - Audio processing, synthesis and analysis environment. Free
OpenMusic - Visual programming language based on CommonLisp / CLOS. Free
Kyma - Sound design environment. Proprietary
Max / MSP - Audio processing, synthesis and analysis environment. Proprietary
Reaktor - Audio processing, synthesis and analysis environment. Proprietary
Synthedit - Modular synthesizer / VST plugin builder. Proprietary

## Programming

SuperCollider - Object orientated audio programming language. Free
Overtone - Functional audio programming language written in Clojure, interfacing with SuperCollider. Free
CSound - Audio programming language. Free
Nyquist - Audio programming language. Free
ChucK - Strongly-timed, Concurrent, and On-the-fly Music Programming Language. Free

## Synthesizers

SynFactory - Modular software synthesizer. Free
SynthEdit - Modular software synthesizers and effects units. Proprietary
# Subtractive Synthesis

Whereas additive synthesis is the process of combining individual sinusoidal partials to construct a complex sound, subtractive synthesis is essentially the reverse of this process. By starting with a harmonically (or partially) rich sound, a subtractive system will filter and modify the signal to reduce it to a desired form. By doing this, one can use one or two oscillators instead of a bank of 10 to achieve similar sonic results. Subtractive synthesis is an extremely popular method of synthesis that has been employed in hardware and software synthesizers since their popularity skyrocketed in the 1970s. This method of synthesis can be found traditionally in old modular or compact analogue synthesizers as well as modern virtual analogue models and software synthesizers. Fig. 7.1 illustrates a simple block diagram form of a subtractive system.
The oscillator will typically produce a waveform with a wide frequency spectrum (square wave, noise) at a frequency, $f_{1}$ and an amplitude $a_{1}$, although there can be two or perhaps even three oscillators in the design; any more begin to distract from the purpose of a subtractive synthesis technique although there are designs which exist. The filter block, which can be comprised out of many different types of filter (lowpass, bandpass), changes the character of the oscillator by controlling the balance of the frequency spectrum, before being modified further by additional effect modules built into the system. These elements can be user specified or automated using other oscillators or value envelopes. The subtractive approach is favoured by many musicians due to the fact that it is comparatively imprecise and therefore requires tweaking and experimentation of control parameters to get a desired sound.
# Portuguese Grammar

Última flor do Lácio, inculta e bela, És, a um tempo, esplendor e sepultura: Ouro nativo, que na ganga impura A bruta mina entre os cascalhos vela...
Amo-te assim, desconhecida e obscura. Tuba de alto clangor, lira singela, Que tens o trom e o silvo da procela, E o arrolo da saudade e da ternura!
Amo o teu viço agreste e o teu aroma De virgens selvas e de oceano largo! Amo-te, ó rude e doloroso idioma,
em que da voz materna ouvi: "meu filho!", E em que Camões chorou, no exílio amargo, O gênio sem ventura e o amor sem brilho!

## Introduction

* About this Wikibook
* About Portuguese language
* About Portuguese speaking countries
* Grammar overview

## Alphabet & Phonology

* Alphabet
* Orthography
* Pronunciation
* Soft Vowels
* International Words

## Basic grammar
### Morphology

* Noun
* Article
* Adjective
* Pronouns
** Tables
* Verb
** Tables
* Preposition
* Conjunction
* Interjection
* Word Formation

### Syntax
## Advanced grammar

* Crase

## More on History

* Romance Languages
* Iberia and Portuguese
* Around the World

## Variations

* Portuguese Standard Language vs. Brazilian Standard Language
* European Colloquial Portuguese
* Brazilian Colloquial Portuguese
* African Colloquial Portuguese
* Portuguese in East Timor
# Portuguese Grammar/About Portuguese language

Última flor do Lácio: that is how the Brazilian poet Olavo Bilac described Portuguese in his famous poem: the last flower from Latium, it is one of the latest languages derivated from Latin. The first documents in Portuguese appear in the thirteenth century.
Initially it was a variety of Galician, but Portugal developed fast and Portuguese became a national language and after an Imperial language: Portuguese ships lead the great Discoveries and spread their language all over the world.
The written language kept strongly its resemblance with other romance languages, specially Spanish, which is not so far to be mutually comprehensible.
Today, Portuguese is spoken in Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Guinea Bissau, Macau (China), Mozambique, Portugal, and São Tomé and Príncipe by more than 200 million native speakers, being the fifth or sixth most-spoken first language in the world. Portuguese also developed into several varieties of Creole in Africa. The main varieties of Portuguese are the Brazilian and the European Portuguese. The Portuguese spoken in the ex-colonies in Africa is more similar to the European variety. The differences between these varieties are mainly phonetic, but there are some ortographic disparities. Lexical is similar in formal language, but the familiar language are very enriched in the ex-colonies, by american indians in Brazil or by African black people.
Some remarkable literary works are the epic poem The Lusiad, written by Luís de Camões in 1572, which marks the change point from archaic to modern Portuguese. The poem tells the period of the Great Discoveries, specially the journey of Vasco da Gama, the first European to reach India by sea.
Modern literature in Portuguese is very productive. Important writers include Portuguese novelist such as Eça de Queirós and José Saramago, Brazilian novelists, Machado de Assis, Jorge Amado, Érico Veríssimo, and Luís Fernando Veríssimo, the Angolan novelist Pepetela, the Mozambican novelist Brazilian poets like Olavo Bilac, Carlos Drummond de Andrade Portuguese poets Fernando Pessoa.
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# Portuguese Grammar/About Portuguese speaking countries

Previous chapter · Up · Next chapter
# Portuguese/Present subjunctive tense regular verbs
## Use

Present Subjuntivo (O presente do subjuntivo) is used to show that some idea or action is hypothetical. It is also used to express desire, emotion, improbability, give commands, and in impersonal expressions to express opinion (i.e. É bom que ele seja.)
Example: Eu quero que tu me tragas um garfo. -> I want you to bring me a fork.

## Forming

Presente do Conjuntivo is formed from the singular first person of Presente do Indicativo's radical, plus the following desinencies:

## -ar present subjunctive regular verbs

| that I speak | que eu fal | e |
| that you (singular, inf.) speak | que tu fal | es |
| that he speaks (also ela, você) | que ele fal | e |
| that we speak | que nós fal | emos |
| that you (f) speak | que vós fal | eis |
| that they speak (also elas, vocês) | que eles fal | em |

## -er and -ir present subjunctive regular verbs

| that I eat | que eu com | a |
| that you (s,inf) eat | que tu com | as |
| that he eats (also ela, você) | que ele com | a |
| that we eat | que nós com | amos |
| that you (f) eat | que vós com | ais |
| that they eat (also elas, vocês) | que eles com | am |
# Portuguese Grammar/Alphabet & Phonology

* Alphabet
* Orthography
* Pronunciation
* Soft Vowels
* International Words