# Flora of New York/Euphorbiaceae, Linaceae

| ← Malpighiales (3) Salicaceae | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (4) : Euphorbiaceae, Linaceae | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (4) : Euphorbiaceae, Linaceae | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (4) : Euphorbiaceae, Linaceae | Flora of New York — Malpighiales (4) : Euphorbiaceae, Linaceae | → Fabales |
| ← Malpighiales (3) Salicaceae | Table of contents | Genus index | Protected species index | Invasive species index | → Fabales |
| Clade | Clade | Order | Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Genus | Common names | # |
| rosids | basal rosids | Vitales | Vitaceae | Vitoideae | Parthenocisseae | Parthenocissus | creeper, woodbine, ivy | 3 |
| rosids | basal rosids | Vitales | Vitaceae | Vitoideae | Viteae | Vitis | grape | 8 |
| rosids | basal rosids | Vitales | Vitaceae | Vitoideae | Ampelopsideae | Ampelopsis | peppervine | 3 |
| rosids | basal fabids | Zygophyllales | Zygophyllaceae | Tribuloideae | — | Tribulus | puncturevine | 1 |
| rosids | basal fabids | Zygophyllales | Zygophyllaceae | Zygophylloideae | — | Zygophyllum | beancaper | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Celastrales | Parnassiaceae | Parnassioideae | — | Parnassia | grass of parnassus | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Celastrales | Celastraceae | Celastroideae | — | Celastrus | bittersweet, staff vine | 2 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Celastrales | Celastraceae | Celastroideae | — | Euonymus | burning bush, spindletree, wahoo | 6 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Oxalidales | Oxalidaceae | — | — | Oxalis | woodsorrel | 6 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Hypericaceae | — | Hypericeae | Triadenum | marsh St. John's wort | 2 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Hypericaceae | — | Hypericeae | Hypericum | St. John's wort | 18 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Podostemaceae | Podostemoideae | — | Podostemum | river weed | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Elatinaceae | — | — | Elatine | water wort | 3 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Violaceae | Violoideae | Violeae | Hybanthus | greenviolet | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Violaceae | Violoideae | Violeae | Viola | violet | 57 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Salicaceae | Salicoideae | — | Populus | cottonwood, aspen, poplar | 11 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Salicaceae | Salicoideae | — | Salix | willow | 36 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Acalyphoideae | Acalypheae | Acalypha | copperleaf, three-seed mercury | 4 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Acalyphoideae | Acalypheae | Mercurialis | herb mercury | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Acalyphoideae | Acalypheae | Ricinus | castor bean | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Crotonoideae | Crotoneae | Croton | rushfoil, hogwort | 1 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbioideae | Euphorbieae | Euphorbia | spurge, sandmat | 21 |
| rosids | fabids COM clade | Malpighiales | Linaceae | Linoideae | Lineae | Linum | flax | 9 |

## Family Euphorbiaceae

The Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) ...

### Subfamily Acalyphoideae
#### Tribe Acalypheae
##### Acalypha

* Acalypha rhomboideaThe genus Acalypha has about 450 species worldwide, of which only three are currently considered native to New York State.
Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Acalyphoideae — Acalypheae — Acalypha :
| Genus Acalypha | Copperleaf | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.1836. Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. 1836. Acalypha urticifolia Raf. 1853. Acalypha virginica  var. rhombifolia  Riddell 1865. Acalypha virginica  var. genuina  (L.) Müll. Arg. (i) 1892. Acalypha virginica  f. intermedia  Millsp. 1984. Acalypha virginica  var. rhomboidea  (Raf.) Cooperr. | Common copperleaf, Common threeseed mercury, Rhombic copperleaf, Rhombic threeseed mercury, Virginia threeseed mercury | Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Acalypha gracilens A.Gray1848. Acalypha gracilens A.Gray1853. Acalypha virginicavar. gracilens | Slender threeseed mercury, Slender copperleaf | Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: 4 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Acalypha virginica L.1753. Acalypha virginica L.1817. Acalypha digyneia Raf.1853. Acalypha virginicavar. virginica1891. Ricinocarpus virginicus Kuntze | Virginia three-seeded mercury, Three-seeded mercury, Virginia copperleaf, Virginia mercury | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A, S1, G5-T5 FACU Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Acalypha australis L.1753. Acalypha australis L. | Asian three-seeded-mercury, Asian copperleaf, Australian acalypha | Introduced from  Asia, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 counties iNat: 5 counties NYFA: X iNat | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ||||||

##### Ricinus

Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Acalyphoideae — Acalypheae — Ricinus :
| Genus Ricinus | Ricinus | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Ricinus communis L.1753. Ricinus communis L. | Castor-bean, Castor bean, Castorbean, Castor-oil plant | Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized Perennial, Shrub | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |

##### Mercurialis

Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Acalyphoideae — Acalypheae — Mercurialis :
| Genus Mercurialis | Mercurialis | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Mercurialis annua L.1753. Mercurialis annua L. | Herb-mercury ⓘ Herb mercury ⓘ Annual mercury ⓘ Boys-and-girls ⓘ French mercury ⓘ | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Crotonoideae
#### Tribe Crotoneae
##### Croton

Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Crotonoideae — Crotoneae — Croton :
| Genus Croton | Rushfoil | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Croton capitatus Michx. | Woolly croton ⓘ Hogwort ⓘ | Introduced from  southern US,  midwestern US, N. America native, Not naturalized, SNA | | NYFA: Richmond (1882) NYFA: X iNat | USDA-NX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

### Subfamily Euphorbioideae
#### Tribe Euphorbieae
##### Euphorbia

Two subgenera of Euphorbia (commonly known as spurge) can be found in New York.

###### Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce

* Subgenus Chamaesyce contains North American spurges or sandmats, many of which are treated in a separate Chamaesyce genus by some sources. Recent phylogenic studies, however, have shown the Chamaesyce genus to be embedded within Euphorbia.
* The name Chamaesyce is from the Greek chamai (meaning "on the ground") and skyon (meaning "fig," as in Ficus). A common pronunciation of Chamaesyce, according to Botanary is kam-ay-SY-kee.
* ↑ The New York Flora Atlas states: "Steinmann and Porter (2002) provide strong evidence that the segregate genus Chamaesyce is nested within Euphorbia. Therefore we recognize Euphorbia in a broad sense including Chamaesyce."
* ↑ Dave's Garden. Botanary: Chamaesyce

###### Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce sect. Alectoroctonum

* Euphorbia corollata American spurge
Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce sect. Alectoroctonum | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia corollata L.1753. Euphorbia corollata L. 1859. Tithymalopsis corollata (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke 1898. Euphorbia marilandica Greene 1903. Tithymalopsis olivacea (Small) Small 1836. Agaloma corollata (L.) Raf. | Flowering spurge American spurge Blooming spurge Poison-milkweedEuphorbe pétaloïde | Native, CoC: 3, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L.1753. Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. 1903. Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae (L.) Small 1911. Euphorbia arundelana Bartlett 1912. Agaloma arundelana (Bartlett) Nieuwl. 1913. Tithymalopsis arundelana (Bartlett) Small | Ipecac spurge ⓘ American ipecac ⓘ Carolina ipecac ⓘ Wild ipecac ⓘ | Native, CoC: 5, Endangered | NYFA: 1 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia marginata Pursh1814. Euphorbia marginata Pursh 1909. Tithymalus marginatus (Pursh) Cockerell | Snow-on-the-mountain, Mountain snow spurge | Introduced from  Great Plains,  Rockies, N. America native FACU Annual, Herb-forb | NYFA: X | USDA-NX Go Botany Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce sect. Anisophyllum

* Euphorbia maculata
Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce sect. Anisophyllum | Spurge, Sandmat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia vermiculata Raf.1818. Euphorbia vermiculata Raf. 1897. Euphorbia rafinesquei Greene 1912. Chamaesyce rafinesquei (Greene) A.Heller 1913. Chamaesyce rafinesquei (Greene) Small (iso.) 1920. Chamaesyce vermiculata (Raf.) House | Hairy spurge ⓘ Wormseed sandmat ⓘ Worm-seed sand-mat ⓘ Wormseed spurge ⓘ Worm-seeded spurge | Native, CoC: 0, Secure | | NYFA: N | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia maculata L.1753. Euphorbia maculata L. 1794. Tithymalus maculatus (L.) Moench 1812. Anisophyllum maculatum (L.) Haw. 1817. Euphorbia supina Raf. 1903. Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small 1939. Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) Moldenke 1940. Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) H.Hara (iso.) | Spotted sandmat, Spotted spurge, Blotched Spurge, Milk-purslane | Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia nutans Lag.1816. Euphorbia nutans Lag. 1827. Euphorbia preslii Guss. 1903. Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small 1931. Tithymalus nutans (Lag.) Samp. | Upright spurge ⓘ Eyebane ⓘ Eyebane sandmat ⓘ | Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.    Chamaesyce glyptosperma | Ridge-seeded spurge, Ribseed sandmat, Corrugate-seeded broomspurge | Native, Likely secure | | NYFA: 4 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia polygonifolia L.    Chamaesyce polygonifolia | Seaside sandmat, Seaside spurge | Native, Vulnerable | | NYFA: 3-4 | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia hirta L.    Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. | Pillpod sandmat, Pill-podded broomspurge | Introduced, US South native | | NYFA: X | Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllum (excluded taxa) | Spurge, Sandmat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. var. serpyllifolia    Chamaesyce serpyllifoliassp. serpyllifolia | Thyme-leaf sandmat, Thyme-leaved sandmat | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia stictospora Engelm.    Chamaesyce stictospora | Slimseed sandmat, Slim-seeded broomspurge | N. America native, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia humistrata Engelm.1856. Euphorbia humistrata Engelm.1860. Anisophyllum humistratum (Engelm.) Klotzsch & Garcke1903. Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm.) Small | Prostrate spurge, Hairy spreading spurge, Spreading sandmat | N. America native  Midwest, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NX Go Botany-0 VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies |

###### Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce sect. Poinsettia

* Euphorbia davidii David’s spurge
Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce sect. Poinsettia | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia davidii Subils1890. Euphorbia dentata  var. gracillima  Millsp. 1923. Euphorbia dentata  var. lancifolia  Farw. 1984. Euphorbia davidii Subils | David’s spurge ⓘ Toothed spurge ⓘ Wild poinsettia ⓘ Euphorbe de David ⓘ | Introduced, US Southwest native | | NYFA: X iNat | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia dentata Michx.1803. Euphorbia dentata Michx. 1812. Anisophyllum dentatum in… 1859. Poinsettia dentata in… 1803. Euphorbia dentata  var. linearis  Engelm. ex Boiss. | Toothed spurge ⓘ Dentate spurge ⓘ Euphorbe à feuilles dentées ⓘ | N. America native  southern US, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA: excluded iNat: Kings (2018), Queens (2018) NYFA-Excluded iNat | USDA-M0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |

###### Euphorbia subg. Esula

Subgenus Esula contains non-native spurges, a few of which are considered highly invasive in New York.

###### Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Esula

* Euphorbia cyparissiasSection Esula contains two highly invasive and prohibited species, though which two is a little confusing. New York State law (as of 2021) lists Euphorbia cyparissias (cypress spurge) and Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) as prohibited invasive species.. NYNHP lists those two species with Ecological Invasiveness Ranks of High and NY State Tier 4. However Flora of North America claims that the invasive leafy spurge previously known in North America as Euphorbia esula is actually Euphorbia virgata and that Euphorbia esula is in fact a relatively rare non-invasive introduction to North America. The New York Flora Atlas has subsequently moved all New York State Euphorbia esula records to Euphorbia virgata and listed Euphorbia esula as excluded.
* ↑ N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 6 § Section 575.3 - Prohibited invasive species. Current through Register Vol. 43, No. 37, September 15, 2021
* ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Euphorbia, 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program
* ↑ Geoffrey A. Levin & Lynn J. Gillespie (2017). Euphorbia virgata in Flora of North America Vol. 12. Ch.8. Euphorbiaceae.
* ↑ Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2021 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Esula :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Esula | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia cyparissias L.1753. Euphorbia cyparissias L. 1768. Tithymalus cyparissias(L.) Hill 1812. Esula cyparissias (L.) Haw. 1836. Keraselma cyparissias(L.) Raf. 1932. Galarhoeus cyparissias(L.) Small ex Rydb. | Cypress spurge ⓘ Graveyard weed ⓘ Graveyard spurge ⓘ Euphorbe cyprès ⓘ Rhubarbe des pauvres ⓘ Euphorbe petit-cyprès ⓘ | Introduced from  Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 75%, Prohibited | NYFA: X | USDA-X Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit.1803. E. virgata Waldst. & Kit. (i) 1979. E. esula  ssp. tommasiniana  (Bertol.) Kuzmanov 1988. E. esula  var. uralensis  (Fisch. ex Link) Dorn  auct. E. esula non L. (i) | Slender spurge ⓘ Slender leafy spurge ⓘ Narrow leafy spurge Russian leafy spurge Leafy spurge ⓘ Wolf's milk ⓘ Euphorbe de Tommasini Euphorbe de Waldstein Euphorbe effilée | Introduced from  Eurasia,  n. Africa, Highly invasive, NYIS: 76%, Prohibited | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kit. (1801)    Galarhoeus lucidus    Tithymalus lucidus | Shining spurge | Introduced | NYFA: X | USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia esula L.1753. E. esula L. 1822. E. uralensis Fisch. ex Link 1933. Tithymalus uralensis(Fisch. ex Link) Prokhanov | Leafy spurge | Introduced, Not naturalized | NYFA-Excluded | Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Euphorbia cyparissias: Highly invasive (75%). 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Euphorbia esula: Highly invasive (76%). ||||||

###### Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Helioscopia

Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Esula :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Helioscopia | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia helioscopia L.1753. Euphorbia helioscopia L.     Galarhoeus helioscopius (L.) Haw.     Tithymalus helioscopius (L.) Hill | Sun spurge ⓘ Wolf's-milk ⓘ Cat-milk ⓘ Madwoman's milk ⓘ Wart spurge ⓘ Wart weed ⓘ Waterweed ⓘ Summer spurge Euphorbe réveille-matin ⓘ Euphorbe réveil-matin ⓘ Réveille-matin ⓘ Euphorbe hélioscopique ⓘ | Introduced, Naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia platyphyllos L.    Galarhoeus platyphyllos (L.) Rydb.    Tithymalus platyphyllos (L.) Hill | Broadfeaf spurge, Broad-leaved spurge | Introduced, Unknown naturalization | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Euphorbia epithymoides L.1762. E. epithymoides L.     E. polychroma A.Kern. | Cushion spurgeEuphorbe dorée, Euphorbe polychrome | Introduced, Not naturalized | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Helioscopia (excluded taxa) | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia purpurea (Raf.) Fernald1840. Agaloma purpurea Raf. 1848. E. darlingtonii A.Gray 1903. Tithymalus darlingtonii(A. Gray) Small 1932. E. purpurea (Raf.) Fernald 1933. Galarhoeus darlingtonii(A. Gray) Small | Darlington's spurge ⓘ Darlington's glade spurge ⓘ Glade spurge ⓘ | N. America native  Mid-Atlantic, N.Y. excluded | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Tithymalus

Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Esula :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Tithymalus | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia peplus L. (1753)1753. Euphorbia peplus L. 1768. Tithymalus peplus (L.) Hill 1812. Esula peplus (L.) Haw. 1836. Keraselma peplus (L.) Raf. 1932. Galarhoeus peplus (L.) Haw. ex Rydb. | Petty spurge, Euphorbe des jardins | Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |

###### Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Lathyris

* Euphorbia lathyris - caper spurge, myrtle spurge, mole plant
Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Esula :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Lathyris | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia lathyris L. (1759)1753. Euphorbia lathyrus L.    Galarhoeus lathyris (L.) Haw.    Tithymalus lathyris (L.) Hill | Caper spurge, Mole plant, Gopher plant, Euphorbe épurge | Introduced, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 57% | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Euphorbia lathyris: Moderate (57). ||||||

###### Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Exiguae

Malpighiales — Euphorbiaceae — Euphorbioideae — Euphorbieae — Euphorbiineae — Euphorbia subg. Esula :
| Genus Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Exiguae | Spurge | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Euphorbia exigua L. | Dwarf spurge, Little spurge | Introduced, Impersistent | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |

#### Tribe Hippomaneae
##### Triadica
## Family Phyllanthaceae

* The Phyllanthaceae

### Phyllanthus

* Phyllanthus urinariaPhyllanthus urinaria is considered a noxious weed in the southeast and is being tracked in New York and New Jersey. The New York Flora Atlas lists specimens from the Bronx, and iNaturalist shows observations from Manhattan and Onondaga County (questionable).
Malpighiales — Phyllanthaceae — Phyllanthoideae — Phyllanthus :
| Genus Phyllanthus | Phyllanthus | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NPT |
| Phyllanthus urinaria L.    Phyllanthus urinaria L. | Chamber bitter Chamber-bitter Chamber bitters Leafflower | Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: , Not naturalized | | NYFA: Xm NYFA: Bronx (2009, 2012) iNat GBIF 2 counties | CABI Images Wikispecies |

## Family Linaceae

* The Linaceae

### Subfamily Linoideae
#### Tribe Lineae
##### Linum

* Linum virginianum slender yellow flax
Malpighiales — Linaceae — Linoideae — Lineae — Linum :
| Genus Linum | Flax | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Linum virginianum L. | Slender yellow flax, Woodland yellow flax, Woodland flax, Virginia flax, Yellow flax | Native, Secure | | NYFA: 5 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Linum striatum Walter | Ridged yellow flax | Native, Rare | | NYFA: 3 | USDA-NN Images Wikispecies |
| Linum intercursum E.P.Bicknell1912. L. intercursum E.P.Bicknell 1916. L. floridanum  var. intercursum  Weath. 1933. Cathartolinum intercursumSmall | Sandplain flax, Sandplain yellow flax | Native, Threatened, NYNHP: S2 | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Linum medium (Planch.) Brittonvar. texanum1848. L. virginianum  var. texanum  Planch. 1935. L. medium  var. texanum  (Planch.) in… | Stiff yellow flax | Native, Threatened, NYNHP: S2 | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies |
| Linum sulcatum Riddellvar. sulcatum1836. L. sulcatum Riddell 1907. Cathartolinum sulcatum(Riddell) Small 1982. Mesynium sulcatum(Riddell) Á. Löve & D. Löve | Grooved yellow flax | Native, Threatened, NYNHP: S2 | | NYFA: 2 | USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies |
| Linum usitatissimum L.1753. L. usitatissimum L.1768. L. humile Mill.1805. L. usitatissimumvar. humile (Mill.) Pers.1940. L. usitatissimumssp. transitorium Vavilov & Elladi | Common flax, Cultivated flax, LinseedLin cultivé, Lin utile, Lin | Introduced, Only cultivated | | NYFA: X | USDA-XW Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Linum catharticum | Fairy flax | Introduced | | NYFA: X | USDA-XX Images Wikispecies |
| Linum grandiflorum L.1753. Linum grandiflorum L. | Flowering flax, Red flax, Scarlet flax, Crimson flaxLin à grandes fleurs | Introduced from  Algeria | | NYFA: X | USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Linum perenne L.1753. Linum perenne L. auct. Linum lewisii non Pursh | Blue flax, Perennial flax, Alpine flaxLin vivace | Introduced from  Eurasia | | NYFA: X | USDA-XN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| Genus Linum (excluded taxa) | Flax | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
| Linum medium (Planch.) Brittonvar. medium1848. Linum virginianum  var. medium  Planch. 1897. Linum medium (Planch.) Britton | Stiff yellow flax | N. America native, N.Y. excluded Annual-perennial, Herb-forb | | NYFA-Excluded | USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies |
| ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Linum intercursum. Threatened, S2/G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Linum medium var. texanum. Threatened, S2/G5T5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Linum sulcatum. Threatened, S2/G5. ||||||