OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Final Fantasy/Characters/Bikke

Bikke, a self-styled "great pirate", is the leader of a small gang of pirates that invaded the city of Pravoka. Bikke set up his headquarters in a large, opulent house in the northwest corner of town and began robbing citizens, claiming that the stolen money was "taxes" to pay for "protection". When the Light Warriors arrived to liberate the town, Bikke sent his gang of pirates to attack them. After the pirates were slain, Bikke surrendered. He gave up his grip on the town and offered the Light Warriors his ship for their use.
# Emergency Medicine/Acetaminophen

Drug Acetamenophen / paracetamol
Potential complications of overdose Liver failure, renal Failure
Metabolism of Paracetamol Paracetamol is mainly metabolized in the liver by canjugation to either sulfate or glucuronide, and thereafter excreted by the kidneys. A small amount is oxidized in the CYP450-system, forming a toxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine (NAPQI)) which then is conjugated with glutathione and -no longer toxic- excreted by the kidneys.
Mechanism of poisoning Increased paracetamol metabolism depletes sulfate and glucuronide, so a larger amount of paracetamol is shunted to the cytochrome p450 system. There is not sufficient glutathione to take care of all of the formed NAPQI, which binds to liver cells and causes necrosis.
Management Blood paracetamol 4 hours post ingestion.Levels above 200 mg/litre need treatment in a normal person.In patients with altered liver function levels above 100 mg/litre need treatment.
Treatment N acetyl cysteine infusion or oral methionine. Acetyl cysteine will release glutathione which lowers the amount of free NAPQI in the liver.
# Embedded Systems/Theory Design and Implementation/History of Changes

History of Changes
10/08/2005 - sid - Added note to contributors/editors and HOC page
09/08/2005 - sid - Created Wikibook and Added Front page
# Embedded Systems/Where To Buy

This page will list some places where the reader can buy some of the hardware discussed in this book. Some of the embedded systems can be purchased for relatively cheap (some PIC microcontrollers will cost 5$ or less), and therefore the reader can purchase them for cheap and play around with them. Some of the embedded computers are relatively expensive, but these ones are very useful for home projects, because larger expensive boards will be more versatile, and will have more gadgets and gizmos to play with.
* JK Microsystems This company has a number of good, solid embedded computers, many of which are i386 compatible. Many of these computers come with DOS preloaded, but an RTOS called "eRTOS" is available for free. Many of these computers come with ethernet extensions, so they can be used to perform simple web-based tasks (IRC bot, or simple web server, for instance).
* Technologic Inc. This company offers many moderate to high-end microprocessors with a number of available add-ons including PCMCIA cards (for things like wireless internet cards). Many of these systems are pre-loaded with a linux distro called "TS-Linux"
* ZWorld This webpage offers a number of embedded systems and development kits. The flagship model is called the "Rabbit Core", and is a very fast and flexible microprocessor. These core units can be incorporated into a number of different "single board computers", for maximum flexibility. RabbitCore processors are programming in a proprietary language called "Dynamic C", which is similar to standard C.
* Rentron This webpage is basically a large catalogue for a number of different components including microcontrollers, microprocessors, transmitters, receivers, encoders, decoders, etc..
* http://www.atmel.com This company sells a large number of different types of components, including ARM chips, an 8051-compatible chip, and a proprietary 8-bit microprocessor called the "Atmel AVR", and a 4-bit microprocessor called the "MARC4". Also sells a number of DSP modules, and controllers.
* Embedded Planet This company offers numerous fully customizable PowerPC, XScale, ARM and MIPS based embedded computers with multiple bootloader and operating system choices.
* YourDuino Shop - Low-cost Arduino-compatible boards, Sensors, Output Devices, Robotics, Electronics Components

## Further reading

* Open Circuits wiki: list of electronics suppliers
# Embedded Systems/Theory, Design and Implementation/Introduction

Embedded Technology is now in its prime and the wealth of knowledge available is mindblowing. There are many open source designs available for study and use by anyone from a hobbyist to an engineer.
Before moving into a detailed discussion on embedded systems, it is best to understand the essence of an embedded system. What can we call an embedded system and how is it different from a computer? There are many answers, each coming from experts treating these systems from different point of views. But, almost all definitions agree on a few basic characteristics of an embedded system:
* It is a system built to perform its duty, completely or partially independent of human intervention.
* It is specially designed to perform a few tasks in the most efficient way.
* It interacts with physical elements in our environment, viz. controlling and driving a motor, sensing temperature, etc.
One of the most important distinguishing factors between an embedded system and a computer is the constraints on system resources. Unlike modern day computers, an embedded system is usually designed to be compact, energy efficient, and inexpensive. Another factor is that a computer is capable of performing a variety of tasks completely independent of each other. Though many advanced embedded systems exhibit multi-tasking capabilities, it is unreasonable to expect an embedded system operating a washing machine to provide the capability to play digital music.
From an implementation viewpoint, there is a major difference between a computer and an embedded system. Embedded systems are often required to provide Real-Time response. A Real-Time system is defined as a system whose correctness depends on the timeliness of its response. Examples of such systems are flight control systems of an aircraft, sensor systems in nuclear reactors and power plants. For these systems, delay in response is a fatal error. A more relaxed version of Real-Time Systems, is the one where timely response with small delays is acceptable. An example of such a system would be the Scheduling Display System on the railway platforms. In technical terminology, Real-Time Systems can be classified as:
* Hard Real-Time Systems - systems with severe constraints on the timeliness of the response.
* Soft Real-Time Systems - systems which tolerate small variations in response times.
* Hybrid Real-Time Systems - systems which exhibit both hard and soft constraints on its performance.
As we go into more detail about these systems, we will learn that Real-Time constraints pose a very difficult implementation problem. Complex problems like scheduling and resource management do tend to appear like ten headed fire breathing dragons to most newcomers in this field.
In the next section, we will systematically list down the important characteristics of the different classes of embedded systems. We will also discuss another class of embedded systems, Distributed Embedded Systems.
to be continued...
Contributors: --Siddord 07:10, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
# Emergency Medicine/Altered mental status
## Symptoms

* Decreased conscious state drowsy stupor: non responsiveness to pain or painful procedures
* Delirium - altered perception, hallucination
* Lethargy - decreased activity, loss of eye contact

## AEIOU TIPS

A mnemonic to work-through of the possible causes of altered mental state (AMS).
* A — Alcohol/Acidosis
* E — Endocrine
    Epilepsy
   * Electrolytes
   * Encephalopathy
* I — Infection
* O — Opiates, Overdose
* U — Uremia/Underdose
* T — Trauma
* I — Insulin
* P — Poisoning/Psychosis
* S — Stroke/Seizure/syncope
Traumatic , Infection, Neoplastic, Inflammation , M+E ( metabolism and endocrinology) , Pharmacology - doesn't cover seizures ?
* Trauma - head injury, blood loss (shock).
* Infection - meningitis, encephalitis, sepsis, septic shock; pneumonia, urinary tract infection, liver abscess,
occult osteomyelitis.
* Neoplasia - intracranial tumor.
* Inflammation - inflammatory encephalitis, autoimmune encephalitis.
* M+E - electrolytes and endocrinology - sodium (calcium) , uremia, hepatitis ( all of them ? Insulin-related, Cortisol -Related, Thyroid- hyper).
* Pharmacology - opiates, alcohol (and other illicit substances) , other poisons.

## What to do ?

Start the usual ...
* ABC - adequate ventilation, adequate oxygen, cervical spine protection if required, airway protection if required
* Oxygen
** adequate circulation (BP, PR , periphery)
** IV access
* Cardiac monitor
* Quarrantine or Reverse Isolation (if appropriate)
LABS / TESTS
Quick Fixes -
# Embedded Systems/Watchdog Timer
## Watchdog Timer

In an embedded environment, far away from the lab, and far away from the programmers, engineers, and technicians, all sorts of things can go wrong, and the embedded system needs to be able to fix itself. Remember, once you close the box, and shrink-wrap your product, it's hard to get back in there and fix your mistakes.
In a typical computer systems, cosmic rays flip a bit of RAM about once a month. If that happens to the wrong bit, the program can "hang", stuck in a short infinite loop.
Turning the power off then on again gets it unstuck. But how do you jiggle the power switch when you are in Paris, and your embedded system is in Antarctica? Or you are on Earth and your embedded system is near Neptune?
One of the most important tools of an embedded systems engineer is the Watch-Dog Timer (WDT). A WDT is a timer with a very long fuse (several seconds, usually).
The WDT counts down toward zero(*), like the big red numbers counting down on the bombs in the movies. Left to itself, eventually the counter will reach zero. When the counter reaches zero, the WDT resets the microcontroller (as if the power were turned off, then turned back on).
When the system is running normally, you don't want it to randomly reset itself, so you need to make sure that your program always "feeds the watch-dog" long before time runs out. Good practice is to reset the WDT less than halfway-through its countdown. For instance, if the WDT has a timer of 20 seconds, then you will want to feed the WDT at least once every 10 seconds.
Unlike when our hero deals with bombs in the movies, feeding the watch-dog doesn't stop the countdown. When the code uses a "reset" or "clear" command to feed the watchdog, it merely sets the WDT back to some large number -- and then the watchdog timer immediately starts counting down from there.
If the programmer fails to feed the watchdog in time -- or if the program hangs for any reason -- then sooner or later WDT will time out, and the program will reset, hopefully getting your system unstuck.
Some "multi-stage" watchdogs have a first stage that interrupts the CPU. The corresponding interrupt handler logs debug information about the current state information (crash dump) and attempts a "soft" recovery. If some fault causes the soft recovery to timeout, the final stage of the watchdog will reset the entire system.
(*) Some watchdogs count up. With this kind of watchdog, "feeding the watchdog" resets it to zero. If it ever reaches some high limit, it resets the system.

## Further reading

* ↑ Jim Lamberson. "Working with Single and Multistage Watchdog Timers". Design World. 2013.
* The Linux Kernel/Softdog Driver
* Massmind: watch-dog timers
* Embedded Control Systems Design/DesignPatterns#Watchdog timer
* "the Grenade Timer: Fortifying the Watchdog Timer Against Malicious Mobile Code" by Frank Stajano and Ross Anderson (2000) -- gives most of the benefits of "protected mode" hardware to "very low-cost microcontrollers" that don't have protected mode hardware, using "very frugal hardware resources".
# Emergency Communities

In Emergency Communities we capture our experience getting into disaster zones—the footprints of hurricane, earthquakes, wars, etc.—and building community centers and soup kitchens within the wreckage, feeding people, and bringing together the victims of disaster and the volunteers who have come to help.
Several authors are from Emergency Communities, a non-profit organization specializing in first response to disasters and the rapid construction of emergency communities.

## Contents

* Introduction
* Emergency Site Selection
* Emergency Plumbing
* Emergency Lighting
* Emergency Enclosures
* Emergency Decor
* Emergency Food Supply
* Emergency Government Relations
* Emergency Volunteer Management
# Emergency Communities/Emergency Lighting

As anyone who throws parties in warehouses will tell you, good lighting can change a harsh, uninviting, dirty and burned out building or parking lot into something inviting, cozy, and warm. In situations where you can't bring in rugs, where there are no internal walls, little furniture, etc., it is the light that ends up organizing a space.
Thankfully, there are cheap, simple ways of structuring light to make community spaces.

## General

Avoid work lights, clip lights, and bare bulbs. They reinforce the disaster area harshness.

## Indoor Suggestions: Paper Lanterns

In occupying the remnants of a pre-disaster building, I recommend dangling china ball paper lanterns from the ceiling in clusters to illuminate focused areas with warm, diffused light.
* run romex or UF power cable across the ceiling from a circuit breaker or generator, and put 4 outlet-junctions at points across the ceiling.
* cut or wrap wires for each individual bulb, with a bulb socket on one end, and a plug on the other. make them long enough to (A) cross the ceiling from the junction to wherever you want to hang the light and then (B) dangle down from the ceiling an appropriate distance. a good height for lighting is 7 or 8 ft, just above where a person can reach.
* the Chinese Paper Moon lanterns attach to the same wire that the socket is on, just above the socket, and enclose the bulb.
With a good ladder and proper wire and wirecutters/strippers ready, two people can do the ceiling wire and 5 lanterns in an hour. If you need to wrap your own wire, make it two hours.
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Baked Flounder
## Produces

* bland baked flounder
* savory baked flounder
* baked flounder
* delectable baked flounder

## Used in the following recipes

* Breaded Flounder
* Stuffed Flounder
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Barley Malt
## Description

Brewing various materials together to make barley malt.

## Produces

* low grade barley malt
* medium grade barley malt
* barley malt
* high grade barley malt

## Used in the following recipes

* Barley Malted Milk
* Cabbage Kalish
* Jumjum Beer
* Ogre Swill
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Raw Materials/yarrow

This raw material is used in the following recipes:
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Apothecary Essentials Volume 1

This book contains the following recipes.

## Refine

* Eolith Temper
* Stroma Oil
* Stroma Resin
* Stroma Wash
* Trinoid Reagent

## Interim

* Poison Vial
* Float Glass
* Iron Gual Dye
* Iron Gual Ink

## Finish

None.
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Recipes/Baked Frog Leg
## Produces

* bland baked frog leg
* savory baked frog leg
* baked frog leg
* delectable baked frog leg

## Used in the following recipes

* Herb Crusted Frog Legs
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Raw Materials/silverberry

This raw material is used in the following recipes:
* Silverberry Mixture
* Silverberry Solvent
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Raw Materials/twinleaf
## This raw material is used in the following recipes

* Liquified Twinleaf
* Twinleaf Compound
* Twinleaf Emulsion
* TwinLeaf Mixture
* Twinleaf Oil
* Twinleaf Resin
* Twinleaf Solvent
* Twinleaf Wash
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Raw Materials/snakeroot

This raw material is used in the following recipes:
* Liquified Snakeroot
* Snakeroot Compound
* Snakeroot Emulsion
* Snakeroot Mixture
* Snakeroot Oil
* Snakeroot Resin
* Snakeroot Solvent
* Snakeroot Wash
# EverQuest II/Crafting Reference/Raw Materials/tin cluster

This raw material is used in the following recipes:
* Fossil Temper
* Tin Bar
# Foundations of Constructivism/Preface

This textbook, Foundations of Constructivism: A Guidebook for Educators, is initiated as a collaborative writing project for a Webster University graduate course on the Foundations of Constructivism.
The edition of this textbook was developed in the Spring 2010 semester. The instructor is Dr. Roy Tamashiro. The 8 graduate students in the course were the primary authors, editors, and quiz builders.
The aim of the course was to learn about the theory, research and applications of constructivism by doing constructivism in the course. The development of this WikiBook was the primary methodology for reading about constructivism, dialoguing about it, and applying it to other teaching / learning situations.
# Foundations of Education and Instructional Assessment/Assessment Strategies

    Should I give a multiple-choice test, an essay test, or something entirely different?
    How can student journals be used for assessment?
    How can classroom discussions be used for assessment?
    How can personal conferences be used for assessment?
    What is the best way to write good multiple-choice questions?
    What are the benefits of essay tests?
    How can portfolios be used for assessment?
# Foundations of Education and Instructional Assessment
## Table of Contents

Note to Readers | About the Authors

### Foundations of Education

* Educator as a Professional
* Educational Philosophy
* History of Education
* Educational Reform
* Diversity: Classroom Practices and Law
* Sociological Influences: Economics and Culture
* School Organization
* Curriculum
* Effective Schools
* Effective Teaching
* Classroom Management
* Ethics and Law
* Technology

### Instructional Assessment

* Involving Students in the Assessment Process
* Grading
* Performance Assessment and Rubrics
* Assessment Strategies
* Standardized Testing
Expanded Table of Contents
# Historical Rhetorics/The Big Aristotle/McAdon, Brad. "Reconsidering the Intention or Purpose of Aristotle's Rhetoric."

McAdon, Brad. "Reconsidering the Intention or Purpose of Aristotle's Rhetoric." Rhetoric Review 23 (2004): 216-34.
McAdon engages two contemporary views as to the authorial purposes of the Rhetoric. Advocates of one view (referred to as the “prevailing view”) maintain that Aristotle valued democracy and understood rhetoric to be a form of positive civic or democratic discourse and that the Rhetoric was written to express this view, while others (those of the “historical approach”) suggest that Aristotle’s purpose in writing the Rhetoric was to instruct members of the Academy and Lyceum in the “necessary evil” of using rhetoric to deal with the ignorant masses. In response, McAdon demonstrates that the first view (that Aristotle valued democracy and understood rhetoric to be appositive form of discourse) is clearly not supported by the Aristotelian texts and that the second view (rhetoric a tool to deal with ignorant masses) needs to expand the contexts within the Rhetoric in understood to include the long and complex transmission and editorial history of Aristotle’s works before any purpose or intent can be ascribed to Aristotle. (218)
McAdon first dismantles the idea that Aristotle was in favor of democracy and that rhetoric was the most useful way to engage in it: “In addition to characterizing [democracy] as ‘very inferior’ (1312b36, 1310b4) and made up of primarily lowly working classes, Aristotle elsewhere characterizes it as undisciplined, lawless, despotic, vulgar, hostile to upper classes, and unstable. He also claims that the things that ‘occur in connection with the final form of democracy are favorable to tyranny’ and that this form of democracy is, in fact, tyranny itself because it necessitates the sovereignty of the ordinary working people over the wealthy” (McAdon 222).
McAdon then points out that, despite moving in the right direction, Susan Poster's argument of reading the context more closely is inadeuqate: McAdon asserts that “it is not enough to try and capture the intent or purpose of the Rhetoric within the contexts of the Academy and the Lyceum alone when we know that the Aristotelian texts had a turbulent life of their own for almost three hundred years after Aristotle’s death before they were edited in something like their present form by Andronicus. Therefore it is problematic to limit the contexts of determining the purpose of the composition of the Aristotelian texts to Aristotle’s lifetime” (McAdon 229).
Thus, although McAdon disassembles the two previous perspectives on the intent or purpose behind the Rhetoric, he does not put forth any fresh perspective of his own beyond calling for deeper scholarhsip into the long and problematic editorial history of the text - a necessary requirement if we are to truly understand the inetion or purpose behind Aristotle's Rhetoric.
# History of Alaska
## Table of Contents

* Introduction
* Aboriginal ''Alaxsxaq'' (to 1800)
* Russian Alaska (1780-1867)
* From Department to District (1867-1912)
* Territorial Alaska (1912-1959)
* Statehood (1959-present)
* Alaska in US Popular Culture (1867-present)
* Further Reading
# Historical Rhetorics/The Big Aristotle/Newman, Sara J. “Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric in the Rhetoric: The Metaphors and their Message.”

Newman investigates Aristotle’s definitions of rhetoric in the Rhetoric using his own theory of metaphor to scrutinize these definitions. She identifies the following four definitional statements in Book I:
Individually, Newman finds the metaphors to enhance Aristotle’s discussion of what rhetoric is—in her words an art with a particular use to “discover just arguments and to defeat unjust ones by means of its central feature, the enthymeme” (21). However, she also argues that Aristotle’s metaphors defining rhetoric do not function according to Aristotle’s own criteria for heuristic metaphors. For example, they never clearly define how rhetoric and dialectic relate “as antistrophos to strophe, as part to whole, or as species to species” (21). As a result, none of the metaphors leave the definition of the term “rhetoric” clear, and ironically Aristotle does not supply the textual evidence to elucidate his own definition of rhetoric according to his own criteria for metaphor.
# German/Appendices/Vocabulary

Lessons: Level I • Level II • Level III Level IV Level V
Grammar • Appendices • About (including print versions) • Q&A • Planning
* Animals
* Around the House
* Body
* Clothes
* Colors
* Education
* Environment
* Family
* Food
* Geometry
* Greetings
* Life
* Medicine
* Occupations
* Parties
* People
* Personality
* Physical Description
* Plants
* Politics
* Religion
* Restaurant
* School
* Sports
* Tools
* Travel
* Weather
* Your Day