OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Basque/Alphabet

The Unified Basque Language (also known as batua, which means unified in Basque) uses an alphabet that is not substantially different from the one used in Spanish. The 27 letters of the Basque alphabet are:
| Letter | Basque name | Pronunciation |
| A | a | /a/ |
| B | be | /b/ |
| C | ze* (and its variant Ç ze hautsia*) | /s/, /k/ |
| D | de | /d/, /d̪/, /ð/ |
| E | e | /e/ |
| F | efe | /f/ |
| G | ge | /g/, /ɣ/ |
| H | hatxe | ∅, /h/ |
| I | i | /i/, /i̭/ |
| J | jota | /j/, /x/, /ʝ/, /ɟ/ |
| K | ka | /k/ |
| L | ele | /l/ |
| M | eme | /m/ |
| N | ene | /n/ |
| Ñ | eñe | /ɲ/ |
| O | o | /o/ |
| P | pe | /p/ |
| Q | ku* | /k/ |
| R | erre | /r/, /ɾ/ |
| S | ese | /s̺/ |
| T | te | /t/, /t̪/ |
| U | u | /u/, /u̯/ |
| V | uve* | /b/, /β/ |
| W | uve bikoitza* | /u̯/ |
| X | ixa | /ʃ/ |
| Y | i grekoa* | /i/, /i̭/ |
| Z | zeta | /s̻/ |
* The letters Cc, Qq, Vv, Ww, Yy are generally only used in foreign words in batua, but they may be used more frequently in the dialects, either as non-standard spellings or to denote phonemes that do not exist in batua. In addition, the letter ç may be used, especially in archaic spellings or in foreign words.
* The Zuberoan (Souletin) dialect also makes use of the letter ü, which represents the French u or the German ü, a sound that doesn't occur in the other dialects nor in batua.
# Basque/Vocabulary

| Translation | Phrase | IPA |
| Basque | Euskara | /eus̺kaɾa/ |
| Hello | kaixo | /kajʃ̺o/ |
| Good-bye | agur | /aguɾ/ |
| Please | mesedez | /mes̺edes̻/ |
| Thank you | eskerrik asko | /es̺kerik as̺ko/ |
| That one | hori | /hoɾi/ |
| How much? | zenbat | /s̻enbat/ |
| Yes | bai | /baj/ |
| No | ez | /es̻/ |
| English | Ingelesa | /ingeles̺a/ |
| Do you speak English? | Badakizu ingelesez? | /badakis̻u ingeles̺es̻?/ |
# Basque/First Lesson

In Basque there are two irregular verbs, izan and egon, that both mean to be, although they are used very differently. The distinction is similar to that of the verbs "ser" and "estar" in Spanish and Portugues.

### IZAN

To talk about lasting attributes or essential qualities, we use the verb izan:
Izan / To be :
| Basque | English | Notes |
| Ni naiz | I am | |
| Hi haiz (*) | You are (sing.) | Friendly, informal. Less frequent. |
| Hura da | He is | |
| Gu gara | We are | |
| Zu zara | You are (sing.) | Neutral or slightly formal. More frequent than hi haiz |
| Zuek zarete | You are (pl.) | Neutral or slightly formal. |
| Haiek dira | They are | |
(*) Although the hi conjugations were more common in the past, zu have become more frequent in recent years. In some territories, such as Bizkaia, the conjugations of hi have practically disappeared from everyday speech, especially among the younger generations.

### EGON

When we talk about condition or a state, we use the verb egon:
Egon / To be :
| Basque | English | Notes |
| Ni nago | I am | |
| Hi hago (*) | You are (sing.) | Friendly, informal. Less frequent. |
| Hura dago | He is | |
| Gu gaude | We are | |
| Zu zaude | You are (sing.) | Neutral or slightly formal. More frequent than hi haiz |
| Zuek zaudete | You are (pl.) | Neutral or slightly formal. |
| Haiek daude | They are | |
# A Practical Guide to Interest Rate Derivative Modelling/Cross Currency Modelling

(WIP)
In this section we cover:
- Funding transactions
- Exchange derivative
# A Practical Guide to Interest Rate Derivative Modelling

This wikibook is work in progress.
This book serves to be a practical guide of interest rate derivative modelling.
The target audience are students that have learned the basics of financial engineering from a textbook point of view. This book aims to connect the gap between textbook and practice. In particular, the book constantly makes an emphasis on what matters from an economic point of view from what matters as a technical or at implementation level.
As the book is for students, it tries to present the materials in a systematic, instructive manner, rather than in a handbook style. Also, the book dwells into the technical/implementation details, to the level where if the reader fully grasps the content they should be ready to work in interest rate derivative modelling in an investment bank (which they may or may not want :)
To provide the reader with some hands-on experience, we try to collect the relevant code libraries online in the open source community with which the reader can try out the concepts right away.
We will also make frequent references to the many excellent books / papers available out there to direct the reader for more in-depth reading in some topics.

## Prerequisites

The primary prerequisite for the book is a curiosity in the subject!
That said, the reader is expected to have a basic level of prior textbook knowledge about interest rate products. We recommend the reader to browse through the book from Hull first, though our material is much easier than Hull's.
The mathematical requirement is fairly basic; high school math suffices for the bulk of the content. In a few technical details calculus is used, but it's ok to skip them unless you want to pick a job in the modelling field.
In this book we don't treat interest rate options and exotic products, for two reasons: (1) that topic is vast and complicated and the book will never finish, and (2) that topic doesn't fit very well with the core guideline of this book—model-freedom—which may seem a contradiction with the book title, but we'll see.

## Contents

* Fundamentals
* Single Currency Modelling
* Cross Currency Modelling
* Curve Calibration
# A Practical Guide To Digital Data Collection/Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide the field professional with a formal process and methodology in which to conduct field research and data collection. All too often, the lack of formalized process leads to unreliable results via a method that is inefficient and ineffective. The goal of this paper is to produce a practical manual that those who desire to take and implement a step by step process, in order to accurately execute cost effective data collection on a mass scale using applications and technology that have a proven track record. Blah blah blah
# A Practical Guide To Digital Data Collection/Research Theory: What is the Research Question?

It all start with correctly identifying the correct research question. How can you figure this out? How many samples do I need? Where do I need to look? What do I need to do this? We need to explain how this decision is made. Best explained by giving options: t to know and how can I approach knowing that? Best explained by giving options... 1) Opinion 2) Direct Scientific Observations 3) Review existing literature 4) etc.
# Australian Esoterica/What is Neopaganism?

| « | Australian Esoterica $_{WhatisNeopaganism?}$ | » |
derivative of neo- (from the Ancient Greek prefix νεο-, meaning "new") and pagan (from the Latin pāgānus, meaning "country dweller, rustic"), Neopaganism is a broad term used to describe several modern spiritual movements that are influenced by ancient philosophies and cultures, in particular traditional nature-based customs and polytheistic or pantheistic beliefs of pre-Christian Europe. Neopaganism is distinguished as the modern revival or reconstruction of classical Paganism, although both terms are often used interchangeably.
While early Christian missionaries first focused their efforts on establishing the Christian Church in major urban centres of the Roman Empire, people of the outlying rural regions continued to revere the cycles of nature and their associated spiritual deities. As such, "country dweller", or "pagan", soon pertained to someone who was simply "not a Christian." Ultimately, Christian political propaganda presented "paganism" as a derogatory expression pertaining to sinful hedonistic practises (from the Ancient Greek hēdonē, meaning "pleasure"). Similarly, the Old Norse and Germanic Pagans, known as heathens (Old English translation of the Old High German heide, meaning "heath, heathland"), became yet another term eventually distorted to be regarded as unfavourable.
Today Neopagans worldwide are proudly reclaiming the original definitions of "Pagan" and "Heathen" to identify their nature-based spiritual practises and beliefs.
# Australian Esoterica/Bibliography

| « | Australian Esoterica $_{BibliographyandFurtherResources}$ | » |

## What is Neopaganism?

* Wiktionary: Neo-
* Wiktionary: Paganus
* Webster's Online Dictionary: Pagan
* neopagan.net: Defining Paganism
* Wikipedia: Neopaganism
* Wikipedia: Paganism
* Wiktionary: Hedonism
* Wiktionary: Heide
* Wiktionary: Polytheism

## Neopaganism in Australia

* Paganism - Australian Broadcasting Corporation Religion and Ethics Library
* Religious Identity of Australia - 2001 Census Results (Tasmanian Government Educational Resource)
* Witchcraft Laws in Australia - Shadows of Oz
* Ritual, magic and witchcraft in old Queensland houses
* Summary Offences Act Section 40 - Austlii SA
* "Lost Worlds: The Rise of Man" documentary broadcast March 2009 on SBS
* Wikipedia: Aboriginal stone arrangement

## Observances and Symmetries
### Seasonal Festivals

* Wikipedia: Archaeoastronomy
* Wikipedia: Wheel of the Year
* Wikipedia: Sabbath
* Wikipedia: Cross-quarter day
* Wikipedia: Quarter days
* Wikipedia: Solar Term
* Wikipedia: Season
* Wikipedia: Lunisolar Calendar
* Sabbats and Other Rituals - about.com
* Equinoxes, Solstices, and Calendars - about.com
* Sabbats - United Pagan Church of Australia
* Southern Hemisphere Wheel of the Year - Shadows of Oz
# Australian Esoterica/Glossary

| « | Australian Esoterica $_{GlossaryofTerms}$ | » |
Neopaganism: Describes several modern spiritual movements that are influenced by ancient philosophies and cultures, in particular traditional nature-based customs and polytheistic or pantheistic beliefs of pre-Christian Europe. Neopaganism is distinguished as the modern revival or reconstruction of classical Paganism.
Paganism: The traditional nature-based philosophies and polytheistic or pantheistic religions of classical pre-Christian Europe.
Pantheisim: The belief that God and the universe are one and the same.
Polytheistic: A belief in the existence of more than one god.
# Australian Government
## Contents

    Preface
    Introduction
* History of Government in Australia
** Government from Britain
** Colonial Self-Government
** Federation
** Post Federation
* The Commonwealth Constitution
** The Constitution
** The Commonwealth Legislature
** The Commonwealth Executive
* The States and Territories
** The State and Territory Legislatures
** The State and Territory Executives
* The Judiciary
# Australian Government/Contents
## The WikiTextBook on Australian Government
### Contents

   * Preface
   * Introduction
   * History of Government in Australia
   ** Government from Britain
   ** Colonial Self-Government
   ** Federation
   ** Post Federation
   * The Commonwealth Constitution
   ** The Constitution
   ** The Commonwealth Legislature
   ** The Commonwealth Executive
   * The States and Territories
   ** The State and Territory Legislatures
   ** The State and Territory Executives
   * The Judiciary
# Australian Esoterica/Neopaganism in Australia

| « | Australian Esoterica $_{NeopaganisminAustralia}$ | » |
o how can a philosophical belief system originating in the Northern Hemisphere be relevant to a multicultural nation situated south of the equator?
In answering this, the Australian Esoterica is not prepared to classify a cultural identity for Australian followers of Neopagan philosophies however there are a number of factors that southern followers of the craft may wish to contemplate.
Modern Neopagan spiritual movements of the Northern Hemisphere describe themselves as influenced by ancient nature-based cultures and their philosophies. Seasonal festivals throughout the year commemorate these occasions. Certainly the dates of such observances can be adjusted in accordance with the southern seasons, yet Australian Neopagans may find it difficult to culturally relate to the relevant historical stories. But does that really matter? We are all of the same biological genus and reside on the same home planet. Ultimately, such narratives belong to all of us - they are the chronicles of human spirituality. Neopaganism is as much about what feels right for the individual as it is about traditional folklore and customs. With all this is mind Australian Neopagans might consider:
* The traditional cultural practises and myths of Aboriginal Australians.
* Other traditional cultures of the Southern Hemisphere such as the Austronesian peoples of Oceania and Southeast Asia.
* The Anglo-Celtic colonial history of Australia.
* The traditional nature-based practises of Asiatic and Abrahamic philosophies and customs who have prominent populations within Australia (such as Feng Shui of China, the Islamic Koranic Law of Nature, or Ayurveda of India).
* Personal ancestry/genealogy.
* The natural landscape and local history of an Australian region with which they closely identify (such as their place of birth or residence).
* The legality of Neopagan practises in Australia.
* Their personal views on the cultural identity that is an Australian Neopagan.
# Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of Mark/Chapter 5

Provide the information in the following categories:
a. Background Information: i. Historical Context: What do contemporary readers need to know that author assumed his first readers probably took for granted? ii. Literary Context: How may the constituent parts of a given chapter be better appreciated by information about the structure of the book as a whole?
b. Explanation: i. Analysis: What does a verse-by-verse examination of the constituent words and phrases suggest about the meaning of the chapter? Consideration will be given to their use in the Old Testament and other nearly contemporary literature. ii. Paraphrase: In light of these considerations an expansive, highly interpretive paraphrase of each chapter will be offered. The paraphrase attempts to avoid technical, theological jargon so as to allow contemporary secular English readers to understand the point of the chapter.
c. Implications: i. Reception: How has this chapter been received and understood by readers across the centuries since its origin? ii. Influence: What are the apparent theological and practical implications of this chapter within the entire Christian canon of Scripture? What has this chapter contributed to the views of contemporary Christianity?
A Paraphrase:
Now Jesus and his disciples proceeded to the other side of the lake in the area of Gerasens. As they came from the boat a man with an unclean spirit approached them from within the graveyard. He was a man who could not be restrained by chains and there was no one who was strong enough to bind him. The violence he felt within himself caused him to lash out in loud cries and inflict wounds to his flesh with sharp stones that lay upon the ground.
When the man with the unclean spirit seen Jesus coming, he immediately recognized him and flung himself down at Jesus’ feet. Loudly the man asked, why do you come to me, Jesus, Son of God? Promise me you will not inflict persecution upon me! For Jesus had ordered the demon to leave the man from within the place it manifested itself.
When Jesus asked the unclean spirit what its name was, he replied, I am Legion, for we are a great multitude. The evil spirits then urged Jesus not to send them back into the abyss. Nearby, a large group of pigs were grazing, seeing this, the unclean spirit pleaded with Jesus to allow them to enter the pigs. After receiving Jesus’ consent, the unclean spirits released the man and entered into the pigs. Upon Jesus' consent, the demons withdrew from the man and entered into the large group of pigs; which was thought to consist of about two thousand.
As the demons entered into them, the pigs suddenly bolted away and flung themselves into the lake. The nearby witnesses who had been watching over the herd of pigs left the scene and brought this news to the attention of many people in the surrounding areas. When they started arriving, the people caught a glimpse of the man who was released from the manifestation of the demons. He was no longer the man filled with violence but had become peaceful.
# Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of Mark/Chapter 16

Provide the information in the following categories:
a. Background Information: i. Historical Context: What do contemporary readers need to know that author assumed his first readers probably took for granted? ii. Literary Context: How may the constituent parts of a given chapter be better appreciated by information about the structure of the book as a whole?
b. Explanation: i. Analysis: What does a verse-by-verse examination of the constituent words and phrases suggest about the meaning of the chapter? Consideration will be given to their use in the Old Testament and other nearly contemporary literature. ii. Paraphrase: In light of these considerations an expansive, highly interpretive paraphrase of each chapter will be offered. The paraphrase attempts to avoid technical, theological jargon so as to allow contemporary secular English readers to understand the point of the chapter.
c. Implications: i. Reception: How has this chapter been received and understood by readers across the centuries since its origin? ii. Influence: What are the apparent theological and practical implications of this chapter within the entire Christian canon of Scripture? What has this chapter contributed to the views of contemporary Christianity?
# Chess Opening Theory/1. b4/1...e6/2. Bb2/2...Bxb4
## 2...Bxb4??

This natural looking move aiming to win a pawn, loses to 3. Bxg7.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# English Opening: Anglo-Indian Defence

Black keeps their options open with this move. After a d4 advance by white, the game may transpose into an Indian defence.

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
1.c4 Nf6
| | 2 |
| Indian Defence | d4 ... | = see 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 |
| | Nf3 ... | = see 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 |
| | Nc3 ... | = |
| | g3 ... | = |
| | d3 ... | = see 1.d3 Nf6 2.c4 |
| | e3 ... | = see 1.e3 Nf6 2.c4 |
| | f4 ... | = see 1.f4 Nf6 2.c4 |
| | /2. Qb3 ... | = |
| | b3 ... | - |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
# English Opening
### 2. Nc3

White reinforces the attack on the d5 square and keeps his options open. Black has a variety of answers here, aiming for a King's Indian setup with 2...g6 is an interesting option, 2...e6 is also possible although white can choose to disrupt black's plan of reaching a Nimzo-Indian or QID setup by playing 3. e4 leading to the very sharp and tactical variations known collectively as the Mikenas Carls variation, which black is best advised to avoid if not prepared to face them.
2...e5 is also possible leading to the English four knights and the Bremen system

## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
| 1.c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 |
| | 1 |
| 1 | Nc3 g6 | = |
| 2 | ... e6 | |
| 3 | ... c5 | |
| 4 | ... e5 | |
| 5 | ... d5 | |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.

## External links

* 365Chess
# English, Symmetrical
### 2...c5
## Theory table

For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation. .
| 1.c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 c5 |
| | 3 |
| English, Symmetrical | Nf3 e6 | to 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.Nc3 |
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.

## References

* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* This Chess related article is a stub. Please assist Wikibooks by expanding it.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. b4/1...e6/2. Bb2/2...Bxb4/3. Bxg7
## 3. Bxg7

This move wins a rook and the game to Black's greediness.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. b4/1...e6/2. Bb2
## 2. Bb2

White fianchettos the bishop, knowing that Black cannot take the pawn on b4 because of 3. Bxg7.
When contributing to this Wikibook, please follow the Conventions for organization.
# Chess Opening Theory/1. c3/1...c5
## Saragossa Opening

If white plays 2.e4 it is a transposition to the Alapin. You can keep this as unique Saragossa theory by playing 2.d4, but this is also likely to transpose into a London System with c5 and cxd4. This is considered as a bad opening as it hinders white's immediate piece development and is rarely seen in master games. In the Lichess Masters Database this line (1.c3 c5) has only appeared 27 times.

## Theory Table

1.c3 c5 :
| | 2 | 3 | |
| Transposition to the Sicilian Alapin | e4 ... | ... ... | = |
| | d4 cxd4 | cxd4 d5 | = |
| | e3 Nf6 | d4 d5 | ⩱ |
| | Nf3 d5 | d4 | ⩱ |
| | ... | b4 | ⩱ |

## References

* Lichess masters database
* Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
* Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
# Bioinformatics/RNA structure
## The Purpose of RNA

Functions as a blueprint for creating proteins.
# Bioinformatics/Sequence Databases

Claimed: Green6767 (discuss • contribs) 16:15, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
# Bioinformatics/Sequence Searches and Alignment

Assume we obtained a sequence (DNA, RNA, polypeptide), by which we understand a string of one-letter code of the respective alphabet. This is what we call a query sequence, it is the input which we want to compare with stored sequences or to align with reference sequences. A search tool will parse this string and assign scores for every query/reference letter-pair. The highest scoring comparison will be put out by the search or alignment tool. Actually the search is itself an alignment. Or, if it has to be quick and dirty, we use a heuristic search, which means that we impose several assumptions to reduce the alignment algorithm complexity.
# Bioinformatics/Protein Structure

* Proteins
* Protein structure
** Amino acids
** Protein Secondary structure
# Bioinformatics/Understanding Phylogentic Trees
## Construction

Claimed: Bgosch1 (discuss • contribs)
# Bioinformatics/Other Data/Relational

A relational database is a database system in which the information are represented in the form of Entities and Attributes which are summarised in the form of tables. entities are related to the Attributes via some relationship termed as Tuple.