OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889

The Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 40) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It made various reforms with the intention of expanding access to secondary education in Wales.

## Background

Provision of elementary education in Wales and England had been expanded throughout the 19th century and become compulsory in 1880. Requiring that all children attended school until the age of ten.$^{:85}$ Following these changes, reformers and educationists in Wales turned their attention to the next level of education.

## Conception

The UK's 1880 Gladstone government appointed Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare to chair a committee to study the state of intermediate and higher education in Wales.$^{:5}$ The committee recommendations were published in the Aberdare Report of 1881.$^{:5}$ The committee's two recommendations relating to intermediate education were: that existing grammar schools should be extended; and that new government-funded schools should be established where needed. These recommendations were the catalyst for the passage through Parliament of the Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889.$^{:5}$ The Act received royal assent on 12 August 1889. In the Act, its purpose is described thus: "The purpose of this Act is to make further provision for the intermediate and technical education of the inhabitants of Wales and the county of Monmouth".

## Effect

The Act required the counties and county boroughs of Wales and the county of Monmouth to provide intermediate schools and provide technical education.$^{:934}$ To this end, the school boards were abolished and in each county a joint education committee was put in place. The initial duty of these committees was to prepare plans for intermediate and technical education to be provided in their areas.
By 1902 Wales had 95 intermediate schools, and over 10,000 pupils. However there was hardly anything specifically Welsh about the education they provided. According to the historian John Davies, 'they slavishly imitated the ethos and the curriculum of the English grammar schools.' They also ignored the intentions of the act by neglecting subjects relevant to the community and the local economy. Whilst it had been initially hoped that they would prepare children for careers as skilled workers in practise their curriculum was often heavily modelled on the public schools and of little practical use. They were voluntary and required a financial contribution from parents so attendance was largely limited the middle classes. However, some did provide a good quality of technical education and they expanded access to secondary education to many children who wouldn't have been able to receive any otherwise. The act has been described as the reason for a large number of schoolteachers from Wales who worked across Britain during the 20th century.

## Replacement

The Act was repealed on the commencement of the Education Act 1944.
# Videoland Television Network

Videoland Television Network (Chinese: 緯來電視網; pinyin: Wěilái Diànshì Wǎng) is a cable television network program provider in Taiwan, founded in 1983 by Koos Group. Videoland is one of Taiwan's major satellite television providers, offering seven channels of programming. Videoland is also sales agent for the Pili Channel and the Discovery Channel.
Videoland's operations include an Engineering Division, a Programming Division and an Advertising Division as well as an Advertising Sales Division which is responsible for advertising sales for each of the television channels. In addition, Ho-wei Communications handles sales to system operators throughout Taiwan. Together these various units make up a complete package of television programming.
Videoland ventured outside the area of channel operations with the Videoland Hunters of the local SBL basketball league in 2004. The team serves as a source of program materials for the Videoland Sports Channel and has been a key factor in promoting the development of sports and recreation in Taiwan.
Videoland was also one of the official media partner of National Basketball Association (NBA) and holding exclusive broadcasting rights for all media in Taiwan during 2014-2022.
# Abargil

Abargil is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Linor Abargil (born 1980), Israeli beauty pageant winner
* Yaniv Abargil (born 1977), Israeli footballer
* Abergil crime family
# Halictus tumulorum

Halictus tumulorum is a Palearctic species of sweat bee.
Females are often pollinators of Cypripedium calceolus.

## Distribution

I species is native to the British Isles.
# Halicz (Bieszczady)

Halicz is a peak in the Bieszczady Mountains in southern Poland. Its height is 1,333 meters.
It is one of the highest peaks in the mountain range and from its summit one can look out over the rest of the Bieszczady in both Poland and Ukraine.
# Halictus tectus

Halictus tectus is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae.
# Vexillum cithara

Vexillum cithara, common name the harp mitre, is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 13 mm.
(Original description)The ovate shell is rather thick. The sutures are impressed. The shell is longitudinally very closely ribbed with narrow ribs. The shell is obtuse. The interstices are transversely latticed. The shell has a purple lead-colour, encircled with a narrow pale zone. The columella is four-plaited.
(Described as Mitra arracanensis) The rather short shell is brown, smooth, girt with a white line above the middle. The ribs are rather distant, thin, whitish. The spire is obtuse. The body whorl is oblong, beaded below at the end of the ribs. The aperture is rather short, contracted in the middle, roundly expanded below the middle, narrow at the end.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Solomon Islands
# A Touch of Evil: Live

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | 8/10 |
| Ultimate Guitar | 9/10 |
A Touch of Evil: Live is the fifth live album by English heavy metal band Judas Priest. It was released in the UK on 13 July 2009 and in the US on 14 July via Sony and Epic.

## Background

The album is the first live album with original vocalist Rob Halford since they reunited, and also the final Judas Priest production to feature guitarist K. K. Downing before his retirement in 2011. It was recorded during the band's 2005, 2008 and 2009 world tours (except for the 2008 and 2009 tour songs, all the rest is taken from 2005's DVD Rising in the East), and released on 14 July 2009.
Recorded by Martin Walker and Brian Thorene, A Touch of Evil: Live also marks the first Priest album that long-time producer Tom Allom has worked on since 1988's Ram It Down (co-producing along with the band).
According to Billboard, this live album sold around 5,300 copies in the United States in its first week of release to debut at position No. 87 on The Billboard 200 chart.
The track "Dissident Aggressor", originally recorded for their 1977 album Sin After Sin, won the Grammy award for Best Metal Performance in 2010.

## Personnel
### Judas Priest

* Rob Halford – vocals
* Glenn Tipton – guitars
* K. K. Downing – guitars
* Ian Hill – bass
* Scott Travis – drums

### Production

* Produced by Tom Allom & Judas Priest
* Recorded by Martin Walker & Brian Thorene
* Mixed by Richie Kayvan & Tom Allom
* Mastered by Kevin Metcalfe
* Artwork by Mark Wilkinson
* Photography by Ross Halfin & Omar Franchi

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 110 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 17 |
| US Billboard 200 | 87 |
| US Top Hard Rock Albums (Billboard) | 13 |
| US Top Rock Albums (Billboard) | 35 |
# View-limiting device

In aviation training, a view-limiting device simulates instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) by restricting a pilot's field of view only to the flight instruments. They are worn by pilots who are working toward an instrument rating, which allows a pilot to fly under instrument flight rules in conditions that do not permit visual flight. They are also used by instrument-rated pilots while practicing instrument flight to maintain competency.
Examples include foggles and the IFR hood. Foggles are glasses that have been frosted on the top half of the lenses to simulate foggy conditions.
In 2021 The Instrument Conditions Awareness Recognition and Understanding System (ICARUS) Smart View Limiting Device was developed. ICARUS uses Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film or Smart Glass to electronically change between simulated VMC and IMC to aid pilot training. This capability allows pilots to actually train for VFR into IMC which often leads to spatial disorientation.
# Hamlin–Grand Falls Border Crossing

The Hamlin–Grand Falls Border Crossing connects the towns of Hamlin, Maine and Grand Falls, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border. The crossing is reached by Boundaryline Road on the American side and by New Brunswick Route 218 on the Canadian side. It is the northernmost border crossing on Maine's north–south land border with New Brunswick. In 2011, the United States replaced its border inspection facilities, which were originally built in 1964.
# Hamline University School of Business

The Hamline School of Business offers graduate degree programs in business administration (MBA), nonprofit management, and public administration, a doctorate in public administration, and undergraduate programs in business administration and economics. In addition, the school offers certificates in public administration and dual and joint degrees. Classes are held on Hamline's Saint Paul, MN campus as well as its campus in Saint Louis Park (near Minneapolis).
# Weird Era Cont.

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | (9.2/10) |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
| The Guardian | |
| Allmusic | |
Weird Era Cont. is the fourth album by Deerhunter released concurrently with Microcastle. After Microcastle had leaked months in advance of its planned release date, the band recorded a new album in an attempt to reward those who awaited its street release date although like Microcastle, it also leaked in advance. Weird Era Cont. was officially made available as a bonus disc/12", depending on format, with both the 4AD and Kranky releases.
The album is unique in the Deerhunter canon in that it includes songs composed and performed entirely by singular members of the band, outside what would normally be Atlas Sound or Lotus Plaza. The majority of the album was recorded by the band themselves, with a portion of the album recorded in a studio. In terms of the production of the record, guitarist Lockett Pundt stated: "We kind of wanted it to have an old and haunted vibe in regard to the production of the songs. Probably not something that we would do again."

## Leak controversy

On August 18, 2008, Bradford Cox made a post on the Deerhunter blog, linking readers to download "Holiday" b/w "S.S.C." as part of the Virtual 7" series (a series of digital singles released by Cox as Atlas Sound on the Deerhunter blog) without realizing his entire MediaFire account could have been accessed from that link. At the time, the folder contained unmastered demos of Weird Era Cont. and the Atlas Sound album Logos. Someone later gained access to these folders and proceeded to upload them onto P2P networks.
This later sparked an outrage by Cox, who intended Weird Era Cont. to be a surprise to those purchasing the album on its street release date. In the blog, Cox expressed his distaste towards the leaks and whoever made them available, commenting: "[Weird Era Cont.] was supposed to be a surprise and actually make the idea of an 'Album Release Date' fun." Cox later apologized for his response stating "I accept my mistake. I apologize for my reaction. My anger was directed at myself. Sorry for projecting."

## Personnel

* Bradford J. Cox – voice, guitar, keyboards
* Joshua Fauver – bass
* Lockett Pundt – guitar, voice
* Moses Archuleta – drums

### Additional musicians

* Drew Vandenberg – guitar and piano on 1, percussion on 1 and 13
* David Barbe – guitar on 1, wurlitzer on 11, percussion on 1 and 13
# Aberdeen, Arkansas

Aberdeen is a populated place in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. The nearest communities are Roe also in Monroe County, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) to the northwest, Casscoe in Arkansas County approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) to the southeast and Preston Ferry in Arkansas County, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) to the south.

## Geography

Aberdeen is located off Arkansas Highway 366, approximately .85 miles (1.37 km) due east of the White River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2014, there were 107 people residing within 5 miles (8.0 km) radius of Aberdeen. This is a 6.14% decrease since the census of 2010.

## Climate

The closest town for which climate data is available is Roe, Arkansas. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, this locale has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
# Abdullah bin Hamad bin Abdullah Al Attiya

Abdullah bin Hamad bin Abdullah Al Attiya is the Qatari Minister of Municipality. He was appointed as minister on 8 January 2024.

## Education

Al Attiya holds a Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering from Cardiff University and a Master in Chemical Engineering from the University of Nottingham.

## Career

Al Attiya worked as an engineer at Qatar Petroleum until 2011, when he started working for RasGas, where he became planning manager in 2012.
In 2014, he was Acting Executive Director of the program management office of Qatar’s Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy.
In 2015, he was appointed Director of the technical office and later Vice President of the Public Works Authority (Ashgal).
In 2018, he was appointed CEO of Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company. Additionally, he was appointed Vice Chairman to the Board of Directors of Barwa Real Estate Company and then Chairman of the board in 2023.
In 2021, Al Attiya was appointed Deputy Chairman of Katara Hospitality. Additionally, he has been a member of the Board of Directors of the United Development Company and Qatar Free Zones Authority since 2022 and Vice President of the Board of Directors at Al Sadd Sports Club.
Since 8 January 2024, Al Attiya has been the Minister of Municipality.
# Vijay Singhal

Vijay Singhal is a 1997 batch Indian Administrative Service officer and was the chairman and managing director of Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited. On June 2, 2023 he was appointed G.M Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport.. As of 23 February 2024 Singhal has been appointed VC & MD of (CIDCO).
# A Promise for Tomorrow

A Promise For Tomorrow (Chinese: 拥抱明天) is a Singaporean Chinese drama series which aired on Mediacorp TV Channel 8 in 2005. Former actress Chen Xiuhuan, who had effectively retired from showbiz during the 1990s, made a temporary return to acting for the drama.

## Synopsis

21-year-old Fang Fang comes from an unfortunate background. Her father Fang Zhen married young and his philandering ways caused his wife Huiyin to leave him. To worsen matters, Fang Fang has to take care of two younger siblings from two different mothers from her father's extramarital affairs and also run the small family business at the same time. Another of Fang Zhen's out-of-wedlock children Fang Xiang is sent to live with them. Adding to Fang Fang's woes, Fang Xiang is epileptic and has cancer.

## Cast

* Rui En as Fang Fang
* Chen Xiuhuan as Huang Huiyin
* Huang Wenyong as Fang Zhen
* Qi Yuwu as "GG Bond"
* Nick Shen
* Ix Shen
* Constance Song
* Eelyn Kok
* Mark Lee
* Chen Tianwen
* Lin Meijiao

## Production

The drama is presented by National Kidney Foundation Singapore.

## Reception

Wendy Teo of The New Paper rated it as 4 stars out of 5.

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Recipients (if any) | Result |
| 2006 | Star Awards | Young Talent Award | Jarren Ho 何俊扬 | Nominated |
| 2006 | Star Awards | Young Talent Award | Zoei Ong 王楚仪 | Nominated |
# A Promise (song)

"A Promise" is the fourth single by Echo & the Bunnymen and was released on 10 July 1981. It stayed on the UK Singles Chart for four weeks and peaked at number 49. Apart from the Australian-only release of "Over the Wall" later in the year, "A Promise" is the only single to have been released from the band's second album, Heaven Up Here (1981).
The b-side to both the 7" and 12" versions of the single is "Broke My Neck", which was recorded at Tistedal Studios in Tistedal, Norway on 7 June 1981. On the 7" disc, "Broke My Neck" is referred to as a "live" version but it is, in fact, an edit of the longer 12" studio version. The Belgian release of the 7" contains the extra track "Do It Clean", which had previously been the b-side of 1980's "The Puppet" and would again be a b-side on 1984's "The Killing Moon".

## Track listings

All tracks written by Will Sergeant, Ian McCulloch, Les Pattinson, and Pete de Freitas.

### UK 7" release (Korova KOW 15)

* "A Promise" – 3:30
* "Broke My Neck" (live) – 4:36

### UK 12" release (Korova KOW 15T)

* "A Promise" – 3:55
* "Broke My Neck" (long version) – 7:11

### Belgian 7" release (WEA 18.836)

* "A Promise" – 3:30
* "Do It Clean" – 2:45
* "Broke My Neck" (live) – 4:36

## Professional reviews

* Allmusic link

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Ian McCulloch – vocals, guitar
* Will Sergeant – lead guitar
* Les Pattinson – bass
* Pete de Freitas – drums
* David Balfe – keyboards ("Do It Clean")

### Production

* The Bunnymen – producer
* Hugh Jones – producer
* Bill Drummond – producer ("Do It Clean")
* David Balfe – producer ("Do It Clean")
* Claes Neeb – recorded by ("Broke My Neck")
# Han Ploča

Han Ploča is a village in the municipality of Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 371.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 216 | 58.2% |
| Croats | 89 | 24.0% |
| Serbs | 65 | 17.5% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.3% |
| Total | 371 | 100% |
# Han Po

Han Po was a twice-weekly Chinese Indonesian newspaper based in Palembang which was published between 1926 and 1934. The newspaper began publication on 8 November 1926 after initially publishing several sample editions. It was a primarily commercial newspaper and focused on commercial news, charging f 4 per three months for subscribers within the Indies. It published on Mondays and Thursdays.
Early in its publication, along with other Chinese Indonesian newspapers such as Sin Po, Han Po opted to reject the use of the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System in its orthography in favor of older, nonstandardized spelling systems.$^{:58–60}$ The paper was a vocal critic of the colonial government's policy to deny Chinese Indonesians citizenship, even if they had been born within the colony. It also adopted a pro-assimilation editorial stance in contrast to Sin Po. Following the Great Depression, reduced revenues forced the newspaper to cease publication, its final edition being on 18 January 1934.
# A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan

A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlán is a 1985 painting by the British artist David Hockney.
Hockney painted A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard after discovering a hotel courtyard in Mexico, when car trouble forced him to stop on the way while driving to Mexico City. The painting is one of his more hotly coloured works, being mostly red, with green and yellow, and is done in reverse perspective.
The oil on two canvases or a diptych measures 183×610 centimeters overall. It is owned by the Benesse Corporation and is currently on display at Benesse House and Art Site, a contemporary art museum and hotel at the art village of Naoshima, Japan.

## The studies

The courtyard inspired a set of drawings, later a series of lithographs and finally the painting. In these works, at first the perspective is conventional, and concentrates on the central well, observing points of view from walking the courtyard. The lithograph, Hotel Acatlán Two Weeks Later shows almost all the characteristics of the final work.

## The painting

In the painting the detail of the columns is gone, the painter has vanished, but the viewer is presented with a space where distance is abolished. There is cubism, “scientific” objectivity is gone, and plurality of space is emphasized. Reverse perspective is used to produce an all-seeing experience leading to a visionary feeling. Like a frame around paintings which decorate an altar, it seems to amalgamate real space with the world of the miracle.
In his review of the show, Espace/Paysage, Galerie Sud, Centre Georges Pompidou, in Paris, Joe Lockard observed that the space of the landscape in Hockney’s other paintings is successfully extended to an interior. He says, “Hockney attempts and achieves panoramic interior compositions that distinguish his vivid experimentalism.”
The painting followed Hockney’s Mexican exhibition, Hockney Paints the Stage in 1984.
# Abaddón el exterminador

Abaddón, el exterminador is the last novel by Argentine author Ernesto Sabato. It was first published in 1974, and forms the culmination of his work, the third in the loosely related trilogy begun with The Tunnel and followed with On Heroes and Tombs.

## Structure, themes, and plot

Abaddon, arguably Sabato's most experimental work, presents a fragmented narrative structure. It mixes autobiographical events – which combine actual events with fantastic elements – with parallel stories, philosophical analysis, hypotheses and literary criticism, retold by characters who, in the same role, were often present in the previous novel. Abaddon is arguably apocalyptic in tone, recreating adverse historical events that took place in Argentina in the 1970s, as well as mentioning twentieth century events, such as the Second World War, the bombing of Hiroshima and the Vietnam War.
Through the novel, Sabato presents a denunciation of evil. It is an unfinished work, it being fragmented. The novel centers on a man who looks at the world and at himself. The author is himself named as a character, and referred to by other characters.
# Vignette (philately)

In philately, the vignette is the central part of a postage stamp design, such as, a monarch's head or a pictorial design, which often shades off gradually to the edges of the stamp.
The central vignette is often surrounded by a frame. Often times the vignette and frame are engraved on a single plate, while sometimes there are two separate plates for the frame and vignette, where the vignette may be printed separately and is often of a different color. The plate from which the vignette is printed is known as the vignette plate.
Printing errors have sometimes led to the vignette being inverted. Perhaps the most famous example is the Inverted Jenny.

## Alternative meaning

A different use of the term vignette in philately is to describe publicity labels or poster stamps which do not have postal validity, such as those produced in France during World War One by Delandre.
# Handy Andy (1934 film)

Handy Andy is a 1934 American comedy film directed by David Butler and written by William M. Conselman, Kubec Glasmon and Henry Johnson, adapted in turn from the play "Merry Andrew" by Lewis Beach. The film stars Will Rogers, Peggy Wood, Mary Carlisle, Paul Harvey, Frank Melton and Roger Imhof. The film was released on July 27, 1934, by Fox Film Corporation.

## Cast

* Will Rogers as Andrew Yates
* Peggy Wood as Ernestine Yates
* Mary Carlisle as Janice Yates
* Paul Harvey as Charlie Norcross
* Frank Melton as Howard Norcross
* Roger Imhof as Doc Burmeister
* Robert Taylor as Lloyd Burmeister
* Grace Goodall as Mattie Norcross
* Jessie Pringle as Jennie
* Conchita Montenegro as Fleurette
* Adrian Rosley as Henri Duval
* Gregory Gaye as Pierre Martel
* Richard Tucker as Mr. Beauregard
* Helen Flint as Mrs. Beauregard

## Reception

The film was one of Fox's biggest hits of the year.