OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Columbia Speedway

Columbia Speedway is an oval racetrack located in Cayce, a suburb of Columbia, South Carolina. It was the site of auto races for NASCAR's top series from 1951 through 1971. For most of its history, the racing surface was dirt. The races in April and August 1970 were two of the final three NASCAR Grand National races ever held on a dirt track. The track was paved before hosting its last two Grand National races in 1971.
The track also hosted 8 NASCAR Convertible Series races between 1956 and 1959, Richard Petty's lone win in the series was at Columbia Speedway. The speedway also hosted 4 NASCAR Grand National East Series events.
In 2009, an effort to reclaim the property for historic gatherings was made by Jeff Gilder, founder of Racersreunion.com. In February 2009, a small group of volunteers met to clear brush, old cable and trees. From this small group grew a larger all volunteer work force that helped in razing two dilapidated restroom facilities, refurbishing the ticket booth, installing safety caps on the front stretch guardrails, and a safe parking lot. Several area construction companies provided earth moving equipment which was essential in removing a large mound of dirt blocking the ticket booth. One donated the materials and built an all-aluminum flag stand at the start-finish line. During the final weeks leading up to the festival, different volunteer crews could be found from sun up to sun down, seven days a week. No help was turned away in the spirit of making this a community project. Saturday volunteers were treated to a meat and three vegetable lunch provided Lizards Thicket, a local eatery, and delivered by John Wise and Rebecca Turner of Love Chevrolet, the event's sponsor. The first gathering was April 25. Over 30,000 fans from 17 states attended the "First Annual Historic Columbia Speedway Spring Festival". The second annual event was held on April 14–17, 2010.
# Alvania braillonis

Alvania braillonis is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

Fossils of this species were found in Eocene strata in Île-de-France, France
# Bustares

Bustares is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.
# Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 212 BC)

Appius Claudius Pulcher (died 211 BC) was a Roman general and politician of the 3rd century BC, active in the Second Punic War.

## Family

He was the son of Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC), and the father of Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 185 BC), Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 184 BC), and Gaius Claudius Pulcher (consul 177 BC). His daughter, Claudia, married Pacuvius Calavius, the chief magistrate of Capua in 217 BC.

## Career

In 217 BC, Claudius was an aedile. In the following year, he was a military tribune and fought at Cannae. Together with Publius Cornelius Scipio, he was raised to the supreme command by the troops who had fled to Canusium. In 215 BC, he was made praetor, and lead the survivors of the defeated army to Sicily, where his efforts to detach Hieronymus, the grandson of Hiero II, from his connection with the Carthaginians, were unsuccessful. He remained in Sicily the following year as propraetor and legatus to Marcus Claudius Marcellus, having charge of the fleet and the camp at Leontini. In 212 BC, he was elected consul, and in conjunction with his colleague Quintus Fulvius Flaccus undertook the siege of Capua. At the close of his year of office, in pursuance of a decree of the Senate, he went to Rome and created two new consuls. His own command was prolonged another year. In the battle against Hannibal's forces before Capua, he received a wound from whose effects he died shortly after the surrender of the city. He ineffectually opposed the infliction of the sanguinary vengeance that Fulvius took on the Capuans.

## In popular culture

Appius Claudius Pulcher was played by Dimitri Diatchenko in the 2006 film The Secret Under the Rose.
# Loosier, Alabama

Loosier is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. Loosier is located immediately off Alabama State Route 157, 7.6 miles (12.2 km) northwest of Moulton. Loosier is presented on the Masterson Mill U.S. Geological Survey Map.
It is at elevation 228m.

## History

A post office operated under the name Loosier from 1901 to 1902. The town was founded between 1860-1870 by Civil War Veteran Thomas Jefferson Loosier. In 1917 the town had 1 Grain Mill, 1 Saw Mill, 2 Churches, 1 School, 1 Store, and 1 Post Office
# Dulwich Village

Dulwich Village is an affluent area of Dulwich in South London, England. It is located in the London Borough of Southwark.

## History

"Dulwich Village" is also the name of the village High Street. Residents in Dulwich Village have to pay ground rent to the Dulwich Estate a landowning charitable organisation. Dulwich Village is entirely within the boundaries of the London Borough of Southwark and with the exception of one address near Dulwich Picture Gallery it is completely within the Dulwich Estate.
North Dulwich station is near the northern end of Dulwich Village and the P4 bus passes through the village. To the south is Gallery Road where the Dulwich Picture Gallery is located.
Dulwich College lies on the south side of the village.

## Buildings of interest

* Belair House, 1785
* Dulwich Picture Gallery
* Christ's Chapel
* Bell House

## Governance

For election of councillors to Southwark London Borough Council, Dulwich Village formed part of the Village ward from 2002 and then the Dulwich Village ward since 2018.
# 2020 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships

The 2020 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf skating rink in Heerenveen from Friday 27 December 2019 to Sunday 29 December 2019. Although the tournament was held in 2019 it was the 2020 edition, and it was part of the 2019–2020 speed skating season.

## Schedule

Schedule :
| Date | Starting time | Event |
| Friday 27 December 2019 | 18:20 | Men's 500 meter Women's 1500 meter Men's 5000 meter |
| Saturday 28 December 2019 | 15:25 | Women's 500 meter Men's 1500 meter Women's 3000 meter |
| Sunday 29 December 2019 | 13:10 | Women's 5000 meter Men's 10.000 meter Women's 1000 meter Men's 1000 meter Men's Mass start Women's Mass start |

## Medalists
### Men

| Distance | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500m details | Dai Dai N'tab | 34.7 | Jan Smeekens | 34.81 | Kai Verbij | 34.87 |
| 1000m details | Thomas Krol | 1:08.35 | Kai Verbij | 1:08.53 | Koen Verweij | 1:08.87 |
| 1500m details | Thomas Krol | 1:43.86 | Patrick Roest | 1:44.78 | Koen Verweij | 1:45.89 |
| 5000m details | Patrick Roest | 6:09.79 | Sven Kramer | 6:10.91 | Jorrit Bergsma | 6:14.65 |
| 10000m details | Jorrit Bergsma | 12:45.04 | Patrick Roest | 12:48.59 | Marvin Talsma | 12:59.12 |
| Mass start details | Arjan Stroetinga | 7:35.62 | Koen Verweij | 7:35.69 | Jan Blokhuijsen | 7:35.90 |

### Women

| Distance | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500m details | Jutta Leerdam | 37.75 | Letitia de Jong | 37.83 | Femke Kok | 38.14 |
| 1000m details | Jutta Leerdam | 1:14.24 | Letitia de Jong | 1:14.68 | Ireen Wüst | 1:15.64 |
| 1500m details | Melissa Wijfje | 1:55.56 | Ireen Wüst | 1:55.69 | Joy Beune | 1:55.87 |
| 3000m details | Esmee Visser | 4:01.21 | Irene Schouten | 4:01.80 | Carlijn Achtereekte | 4:02.20 |
| 5000m details | Esmee Visser | 6:50.96 | Irene Schouten | 6:54.87 | Carlijn Achtereekte | 6:55.04 |
| Mass start details | Irene Schouten | 8:20.79 | Marijke Groenewoud | 8.20.79 | Suzanne Schulting | 8:21.48 |
# Chris Renaud (disambiguation)

Chris Renaud may refer to:
* Chris Renaud (ice hockey) (born 1960), Canadian ice hockey defenceman
* Chris Renaud (animator) (born 1966), American illustrator and film-maker
* Chris Renaud (swimmer) (born 1976), Canadian backstroke swimmer
# Kristina Micheva

Dr Kristina Micheva is a Bulgarian-American neuroscientist at Stanford University. She is one of the inventors of Array Tomography, a technique in which proteins are detected with antibodies in ultra-thin sections of brain tissue using confocal microscopy.

## Education

Micheva was a biology major at the University of Sofia. She received a masters in plant ecology at the University of Sofia as well. After graduation, she worked in a lab at a medical university in Sofia where she learned electron microscopy and how to work with brain sections. She moved to Montreal, Quebec to pursue a PhD in neuroscience (receiving the degree in 1996). In 1996 she participated in the Marine Biological Laboratory Neurobiology Course, in which she later taught as faculty (2006-2014).

## Research

Micheva's main interest is in studying how brain structures develop and change with experience. During her PhD, she studied how sensory experience affects cortical development.

## Invention of Array Tomography

Micheva co-developed the Array Tomography technique with Stephen J Smith. In this technique, proteins are detected with antibodies in ultra-thin sections of brain tissue using confocal microscopy. This technique can be combined with electron microscopy and is the only technique that allows a voxel-conjugate joining of fluorescence and electron microscopy methods. Given the advantages of this method, it is considered an excellent choice for challenging explorations of cellular architectures in mature and developing tissues.

## Personal life

In her free time, Micheva practices karate. She is a third-degree black belt as of the spring of 2021, and teaches a children's karate class.
# Iron germanide

Iron germanide (FeGe) is an intermetallic compound, a germanide of iron. At ambient conditions it crystallizes in three polymorphs with monoclinic, hexagonal and cubic structures. The cubic polymorph has no inversion center, it is therefore helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.

## Magnetism

FeGe is extensively studied for its unusual magnetic properties. Electron spins in this material show dissimilar, yet regular spatial arrangements at different values of applied magnetic field. Those arrangements are named helical, skyrmion lattice, and conical. They can be controlled not only by temperature and magnetic field, but also by electric current, and the current density required for manipulating skyrmions (~10$^6$ A/m$^2$) is approximately one million times smaller than that needed for moving magnetic domains in traditional ferromagnets. As a result, skyrmions have potential application in ultrahigh-density magnetic storage devices.
The helical, conical and skyrmion structures are not unique to FeGe; they are also found in MnSi, MnGe and similar compounds, but contrary to those materials, the observation of magnetic ordering patterns in FeGe does not require cryogenic cooling. The disadvantage of FeGe over MnSi is its polymorphism, which hinders the growth of large homogeneous crystals.

## Synthesis
### Polycrystalline FeGe

Polycrystalline FeGe is produced by vacuum arc remelting, spark plasma sintering, or high-pressure high-temperature treatment of a mixture of elemental iron and germanium. Single crystals of FeGe ca. 1 mm in size can be grown from the powder using a chemical transport reaction and iodine as transporting agent. The source temperature is maintained at 450 °C and the temperature gradient at ca. 50 °C across the reaction tube, over 1–2 weeks.

### FeGe thin film

FeGe films can be epitaxially grown on Si (111) using MBE. The thin film FeGe is polycrystalline with ± 30° in-plane rotations around [111] out-of-plane axis. Theoretical simulations indicate that FeGe thin film can hold skyrmion cylinder or chiral bobber phases, which were recently imaged in a 35 nm plan-view FeGe thin film using Lorentz STEM/TEM.

## Structure

Iron germanide is a non-stoichiometric compound where the Ge:Fe ratio often deviates from 1. The Fe$_2$Ge$_3$ compound is a Nowotny phase exhibiting a chimney ladder structure. It is a semiconductor with a band gap or 0.03 eV.
# Lopharcha quinquestriata

Lopharcha quinquestriata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Java in Indonesia.
# Dulwich Upper Wood

Dulwich Upper Wood is a 2.4 hectare local nature reserve and Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade 1, in Crystal Palace in the London Borough of Southwark. It is owned by Southwark Council and managed by the Trust for Urban Ecology.

## History

The wood was once part of the Great North Wood in the Manor of Dulwich. After the Great Exhibition of 1851 in Hyde Park closed, the building was moved and re-erected on Penge Common, adjoining the wood. The area was rapidly developed, becoming known as Crystal Palace, and what is now the wood became the gardens of large houses. After the Crystal Palace burnt down in 1936 the area declined, and the houses were eventually demolished, while the gardens became overgrown. In 1981 the wood was entrusted to the Ecological Parks Trust, now the Trust for Urban Ecology, as a nature reserve.

## Ecology

The site is mainly oak woodland, and some of the oak trees are over 300 years old. It also has many sycamores and other native trees, while some date from the Victorian gardens. There are over 200 species of fungus, and plants include wood anemones, bluebells, ramsons and yellow pimpernels. There is a wide variety of breeding birds.

## Access

There is access in two places on Farquhar Road, one opposite Dulwich Wood Avenue.
# Gmina Bielice

Gmina Bielice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Bielice, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Pyrzyce and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.
The gmina covers an area of 84.12 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,930.

## Villages

Gmina Bielice contains the villages and settlements of Babin, Babinek, Bielice, Chabówko, Chabowo, Linie, Nowe Chrapowo, Nowe Linie, Parsów, Stare Chrapowo and Swochowo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Bielice is bordered by the gminas of Banie, Gryfino, Kozielice, Pyrzyce and Stare Czarnowo.
# Currier (surname)

Currier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Althea Currier (born 1942), popular glamour model
* Andy Currier, English rugby league footballer of the 1980s and 1990s
* Bill Currier (born 1955), former American football defensive back
* Bill Currier (baseball), American college baseball coach
* Bob Currier (born 1949), retired Canadian professional ice hockey player
* Charles Warren Currier (1857–1918), first Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Matanzas
* Chester Currier (1946–2007), newspaper and magazine columnist
* David Currier (born 1952), American alpine skier
* Frank Currier (1857–1928), American actor and director
* Frank Dunklee Currier (1853–1921), U.S. Representative from New Hampshire
* Guy W. Currier (1867–1930), lawyer and politician in Massachusetts
* James Currier (20th century), English footballer
* John Currier (1951-2020), United States Coast Guard admiral
* Joseph Frank Currier (1843-1909), American painter
* Joseph Merrill Currier (1820–1884), Canadian member of parliament and businessman
* Lyman Currier (born 1994), American freestyle skier
* Moody Currier (1806–1898), lawyer and banker
* Nathan Currier (born 1960), American composer
* Nathaniel Currier (1813–1888), American lithographer
* Richard C. Currier (1892–1984), American film editor
* Ruth Currier (1926–2011), American dancer and choreographer
* Sebastian Currier (born 1959), American composer
# Kothali, Karnataka

Kothali, short for Kothalilitulanda, is a village in Chikkodi taluk Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
# Witki

Witki may refer to the following places:
* Witki, Pułtusk County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Witki, Warsaw West County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Witki, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
* Witki, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Witki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Burley Mitchell

Burley Bayard Mitchell Jr. (born December 15, 1940) is an American jurist and former Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court.

## Education and early career

He received his bachelor's degree from North Carolina State University and his J.D. degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
A veteran of the United States Navy, Mitchell served as an Assistant Attorney General of North Carolina from 1969 to 1972 and as a District Attorney from 1972 to 1977. He was a judge of the North Carolina Court of Appeals from 1977 to 1979, when Governor Jim Hunt appointed Mitchell as his Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety.

## Supreme Court service

Mitchell served as an associate justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1982 to 1994 and as chief justice from 1995 to 1999. Gov. Hunt appointed Mitchell to the office of chief justice in late 1994 to take the place of the retiring James G. Exum. In 1996, Mitchell was elected to the post in the general election, defeating Republican Ray Warren.
As a judge, Mitchell wrote 484 decisions, including the landmark Leandro v. State of North Carolina case regarding educational opportunities for all North Carolina children. He was also well known for reducing the court's backlog. Mitchell was also known for securing additional resources for the court system for technology and personnel through appropriations at the state level as well as projects for the criminal justice system at the federal level. Mitchell's staff at the Administrative Office of the Courts included North Carolina Court of Appeals Judge Jack L. Cozort, who took leave to work for Mitchell as acting AOC director, and deputy director Jeanne Milliken Bonds, who was serving on the Knightdale Town Council at the time.

### Electoral history
#### 1996

North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice election, 1996 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Burley Mitchell (incumbent) | 1,221,232 | 51.29% |
| | Republican | Ray Warren | 1,159,678 | 48.71% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,380,910 | 100% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

#### 1984

North Carolina Supreme Court Associate Justice (Mitchell seat) election, 1984 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Burley Mitchell (incumbent) | 1,086,047 | 54.50% |
| | Republican | Arthur Donaldson | 906,524 | 45.50% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,992,568 | 100% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Post-Supreme Court activities

Mitchell retired and joined the law firm of Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice PLLC. He has also served as a member of the Board of Trustees for North Carolina State University, as a member of the University of North Carolina system board of governors, and as chairman of U.S. Senator Kay Hagan's advisory panel on federal judicial nominees.
In 2006, Mitchell helped found a so-called 527 group called FairJudges.net, which aimed to educate North Carolina voters about state appellate judicial candidates.
In 2007, Mitchell received the North Carolina Award for public service.
# Zahimara Fantauzzi

Zahimara Fantauzzi Rosado (born 9 December 1993) is a Puerto Rican footballer who plays as a forward. She has been a member of the Puerto Rico women's national team.

## Early and personal life

Fantauzzi was raised in Maunabo.

## International goals

Scores and results list Puerto Rico's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 23 August 2014 | Ato Boldon Stadium, Couva, Trinidad and Tobago | Bermuda | 2–0 | 5–1 | 2014 CFU Women's Caribbean Cup |
# Edmund Simpson

Edmund Shaw Simpson (1784 – 31 July 1848) was an English-born actor and theater manager. He made his theatrical début at the Towcester Theatre in England in May 1806 as Baron Steinfort in August von Kotzebue's The Stranger. In the United States Simpson first appeared at the New York Park Theatre on 22 October 1809, as Hurry Dornton in The Road to Ruin. In 1828, when playing lead role in The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, one of his legs was broken by an accident to the stage machinery, and he was crippled for life. His last performance was Dazzle in London Assurance. As a comedian, Simpson was studious and painstaking, and in his delineations intelligent and respectable, but there was ever attached to his representations a hardness of manner that interfered with his popularity.
In 1810 he became stage manager, and remained permanently connected with the one playhouse as actor, stage manager, and manager for 38 years. It was his privilege to introduce nearly all the noted British players of his day to American audiences. From 1821 until 1840 Simpson was working-manager to Stephen Price, the lessee of the theatre, but on the death of Price he assumed the sole management. During his career he went through several trials of adversity, and finally retired, 6 June 1848, under discouragement and in reduced circumstances.
Under Simpson's direction the old Park Theatre, or "The Theatre," as the show-bills named it, was noted for its well-drilled and efficient stock company. The scenery of this noted resort was made up of flats and drops of the simplest construction, the properties were cheap, worn, and few in number, the costumes flimsy and tinselled, and the auditorium, before the rising of the curtain, usually filled with the stifling leakage of gas. The boxes were painted in white and gold, with the first and second tiers divided into a series of screened lock-boxes.
A separate stairway led to the third tier and the gallery. This third tier was an assembling-place for the dissolute of both sexes; one half the gallery was patronized by boys, servants, and sailors, and the remainder was devoted to the accommodation of Negroes. What is now known as the parterre was called the pit. It was fitted with hard wooden benches, and the admission to it was half-price. Here the bachelors, critics, and wits of the day found their places. Drinking bars, united with apple, pie, and peanut stands, were connected with the pit and the upper tier of boxes.
As Frances Trollope has truly pictured, it was not an uncommon thing to see men rise on the front rows of the dress-circle in their shirt-sleeves, and between the acts turn their backs to the audience, while their better-halves sat munching apples and peeling oranges. Not seldom the entertainments of an evening comprised a five-act tragedy, a comedy, and an olio diversion, that terminated at twelve or one o'clock. The old Park Theatre was a wooden, barn-like structure, fronting about eighty feet on Park row, and rising to the height of sixty or seventy feet, painted in imitation of blocks of granite.
# Duckenfield, New South Wales

Duckenfield is a locality in the City of Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the south bank of the Hunter River. The first European settler in the locality was John Eales who had two estates Berry Park and Duckenfield House both along Duckenfield Road. The area is known for breeding racehorses. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 108.

## Duckenfield

John Eales was granted 2100 acres on the Hunter River and was assigned six convicts. It was built out of Sydney sandstone with a plain verandah. In 1822, Eales purchased a property from Dr Moran. The property had 45 room and was two stories In 1870s, John Eales junior completed some extensions. The property was sold to BHP in 1916, which they demolished the property for building material in 1917.

## Duckenfield Park Creamery and Butter Factory

In 1895 John Eales decided to establish a creamery and butter factory. In 1897 the factory won first prize for butter at Royal Agricultural Show. In 1898, the factory started to be exported to England and other countries. On 1 January 1902 became a cooperative under the management of William McMillian. In 1906 the factory moved to Morpeth. Eighteen months later the company was factory facing bankruptcy was purchased by
Bowthrone Butter Factory for £410