OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Central Railway (UK)

Central Railway was a British company which proposed to build a new intermodal freight railway line, with a generous loading gauge, connecting the Channel Tunnel with the north of England, particularly Liverpool docks, using much of the trackbed of the former north–south Great Central Railway. The company argued that such a line could significantly cut road congestion by carrying lorries on flatbed rail trucks.
The company was formed in the late 1980s, and its proposals were controversial and faced opposition. The plans were rejected by the government in 1996 and again in 2003, largely because of doubts over financing its £8 billion cost, even though it was a private-sector project.

## Route

The line would have run from the Liverpool Docks to Sheffield using the disused Woodhead Tunnel and then turned south via the Erewash Valley, joining the former Great Central Main Line (much of whose trackbed was still intact) south of Leicester. At a rebuilt Ashendon Junction it would have joined the Chiltern Main Line, running alongside it on new tracks, then paralleling the M25 motorway, entering a new tunnel between Leatherhead and Merstham and then running alongside existing railways via Tonbridge to the Channel Tunnel terminal at Folkestone. An alternative route would have seen the line joining High Speed 1 to the tunnel, if the latter railway were to allow non-passenger trains.

## Purpose

The line would carry goods lorries between the continent and the Midlands and north of England. It could also have helped facilitate railfreight connections between the north of England and the ports of Felixstowe and Southampton. Trains 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) long would carry up to 80 lorry trailers each, in the manner of American piggyback services. It would be operated by diesel locomotives, at least in the first instance, in order to save on electrification costs.
The promoters stated that lorries already made a modal interchange to go through the Channel Tunnel. The Central Railway scheme would simply make the interchange between points 400 kilometres (250 mi) or more apart, rather than 40 kilometres (25 mi) at present, saving haulage companies fuel and drastically reducing carbon emissions.

## Financial backing

In early 2006, the company said that 11 banks were backing the project.

## Personnel

The chairman of Central Railway was Andrew Gritten and chief executive of Central Railway was Alan Stevens, who was a UKIP county councillor in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, between 2013 and 2017.
# Barbaraella

Barbaraella is a monotypic genus of pseudoscorpions in the Chernetidae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was described in 1995 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey.

## Etymology

The generic (Barbaraella) and specific (mainae) epithets honour arachnologist Barbara York Main (1929–2019) for her contributions to arachnology and for inspiring a generation of enthusiasts.

## Species

The genus contains the single species Barbaraella mainae Harvey, 1995.

### Description

The body length of males is 2.67–3.26 mm; that of females is 3.79–3.82 mm. The colour is mainly pale yellow, with the pedipalps pale reddish-brown.

### Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in the Kimberley region of North West Australia. The type locality is the Kalumburu Mission. The pseudoscorpions were found under banana fronds.
# Host-directed therapeutics

Host-directed therapeutics, also called host targeted therapeutics, act via a host-mediated response to pathogens rather than acting directly on the pathogen, like traditional antibiotics. They can change the local environment in which the pathogen exists to make it less favorable for the pathogen to live and/or grow. With these therapies, pathogen killing, e.g.bactericidal effects, will likely only occur when it is co-delivered with a traditional agent that acts directly on the pathogen, such as an antibiotic, antifungal, or antiparasitic agent. Several antiviral agents are host-directed therapeutics, and simply slow the virus progression rather than kill the virus. Host-directed therapeutics may limit pathogen proliferation, e.g., have bacteriostatic effects. Certain agents also have the ability to reduce bacterial load by enhancing host cell responses even in the absence of traditional antimicrobial agents.

## Types
### Immunomodulatory

Intracellular pathogens often reside in immune cells like macrophages. These pathogens can be obligate or facultative intracellular pathogens. Changing the innate immune response of these host-cells can alter the pathogen's ability to live inside the cell. Many of these immunomodulatory host-directed therapies are adjuvants or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. They can include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), mannose receptor (MR), dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3)-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), complement receptors, Fc receptors, and DNA sensors (e.g., STING). Epithelial cells also host pathogens, like Salmonella enterica. These immunomodulatory agents can also alter the epithelial cell environments, since they also have a role in innate signalling.

### Enhanced host cell function

Autophagy modulators are one type of method to enhance host cell functions. Pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), will be degraded in the autophagosome during an effective host response that will clear the bacteria. Because bacteria and other pathogens like MTB can take over cellular responses like autophagy, they can increase their survival in the body. By reactivating effective autophagy processes the pathogen could be cleared. Examples of this has been shown with MTB, and Listeria monocytogenes. OSU-03012 is thought to modulate autophagy in its effect on Salmonella enterica, and Francisella tularensis.

### Pathology modification

Modifying lung and macrophage pathology has been shown to have a role in the host-directed therapies for MTB.
# Tom Velk

Tom Velk (Thomas James Velk) is a libertarian-leaning American economist who teaches and lives in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is the chair of the North American studies program at McGill University and a professor in that university's economics department. His research interests are in monetary economics and public policy, specifically the de-regulation of money markets and the usefulness—or lack thereof—of central banks.
Velk holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin. He has edited a number of books on Canadian and American public policy issues. Additionally, he has served on the Board of Governors of the American Federal Reserve System as a visiting professor and consultant (1969–1972), and worked for the World Bank. In 1982–1983 Velk was a visiting scholar at the department of economics at Dartmouth College and in 1974 served as a consultant to the Joint Economic Committee of the United States Congress.
Velk is a regular contributor to media coverage of economic issues, writing a recurring column, "From the Right", for CBC News Viewpoint in 2005–2006. Velk has also written for The Wall Street Journal, the Canadian Forum, The Globe and Mail, Financial Post, Montreal Gazette, Le Devoir, and the CBC.
He currently resides in North Troy, Vermont.
# Dixie Art Colony

The Dixie Art Colony was an art colony in Alabama from 1933 to 1948.

## History

The Dixie Art Colony was established by John Kelly Fitzpatrick (1888-1953), Sallie B. Carmichael and her daughter Warree Carmichael LeBron in 1933. The idea was to establish an artist colony to paint and train burgeoning artists in the South.
From 1937, they met at Poka Hutchi ("gathering of picture writers" in Creek Indian parlance), a small cabin on Lake Jordan. Later, Frank W. Applebee, the Chair of the School of Art and Architecture at Auburn University and a painter, joined the colony, as did Genevieve Southerland, Anne Goldthwaite and Lamar Dodd (1909-1996).
The colony last met in 1948.
Dixie Art Colony Foundation was founded in 2015 to reintroduce the art world to Kelly Fitzpatrick and Poka Hutchi.
# Come Morning

Come Morning may refer to:
* Come Morning (album), a 1981 album by Grover Washington Jr.
* Come Morning (film), a 2012 dramatic thriller
# Dressed particle

In theoretical physics, the term dressed particle refers to a bare particle together with some excitations of other quantum fields that are physically inseparable from the bare particle. For example, a dressed electron includes the cloud of virtual electron–positron pairs and photons surrounding the original electron.
A further noteworthy example is represented by polaritons in solid-state physics, dressed quasiparticles of dipolar excitations in a medium with photons.
In radiobiology, a dressed particle is a bare particle together with its Debye sphere that neutralizes its electric charge. Dressed particles are also often called clothed particles.
# Aneura

{{wikispecies}} Aneura may refer to:
* Aneura (fly), a genus of insects in the family Mycetophilidae
* Aneura (plant), a genus of liverworts in the family Aneuraceae
# Boca Chica Key

Boca Chica Key is an island in the lower Florida Keys, about a mile (1.6 km) east of the island of Key West at its closest point. Its name is Spanish for "small mouth". It is mostly covered by salt marshes and mangrove trees, and is the home of the largest Naval Air Station (NAS Key West) in south Florida. U.S. 1, the Overseas Highway, crosses the key at approximately mile markers 6.5—8, east of Key West., near the NAS and Boca Chica Beach (aka Geiger Beach) on Boca Chica Road.

## Gallery

* Boca Chica Key, April 1940
* Boca Chica Key, April 1940
# Ballabur

Ballabur is a village in the municipality of Şağlakücə in the Lankaran Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Alfred Wilhelmi

Alfred Ellis Wilhelmi (1910–1994) was an American endocrinologist recognized for contributing to the understanding of anterior pituitary hormones.

## Education

Born in Lakewood, Ohio, Wilhelmi attended Cleveland public schools. Wilhelmi earned a B.S. degree in premedical sciences from Western Reserve University in 1933. He then attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar, where he obtained a B.A. in 1933 and Ph.D. in animal physiology in 1937. He then joined Yale University's Biochemistry Department, rising to the position of Professor in 1950.

## Career

Wilhelmi chaired the Department of Biochemistry at Emory University School of Medicine from 1950 to 1977. In 1960, he was named Charles Howard Candler Professor of Biochemistry. In 1979, he received Emory's Thomas Jefferson award for service to the university and community.
Wilhelmi also was President of the Endocrine Society from 1968 to 1969. During his career, he published over 80 articles in scientific journals.

## The Human Growth Hormone, Creutzfeld Jakob Disease Controversy

Wilhelmi was an important researcher involved in harnessing human grown hormone from cadavers in the 1960s and 1970s. Early studies conducted in 1958 by Maurice Raben at Tufts University School of Medicine showed it was possible to cause children with pituitary dwarfism to grow by injecting them with human growth hormone. In 1961, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) formed the National Pituitary Agency to organize collection and redistribution of human endocrine glands to three universities for processing into growth hormone: Emory University, Tufts University and Cornell University. For the first 14 of these years, Wilhelmi supervised the Emory laboratory, which was the largest seat of hormone production.
In 1985, however, two patients who previously had received the exogenous hormone treatment died in the United States. That caused the NIH to suspend the human growth hormone program and launch an investigation. The deaths were attributed to Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) transmitted by impurities in the hormone injected into the patients years earlier using the Wilhelmi protocol. As of 2000, there had been 22 CJD deaths among American recipients of unfiltered hormone prior to 1977.
# Dioptis trailii

Dioptis trailii is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It occurs at localities throughout the upper Amazon basin of Brazil and Peru, and is known from at least one locality in central Venezuela.
# Concordia, Kentucky

Concordia is an unincorporated community in Meade County, Kentucky, in the United States.

## History

Concordia was incorporated in 1869. A post office called Concordia was established in 1880, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1967.
# Dreaming Out Loud (disambiguation)

Dreaming Out Loud is a 2007 album by OneRepublic.
Dreaming Out Loud may also refer to:
* Somniloquy, the act of talking in one's sleep
* Dreaming Out Loud (film), a 1940 film directed by Harold Young
* Dreamin' Out Loud, a 1996 album by Trace Adkins
* Dreaming Out Loud, a 2006 album by The Radiators
# Chust

Chust or CHUST may refer to:
* Chust culture, late Bronze Age and early Iron Age culture which flourished in the Fergana Valley of eastern Uzbekistan
* Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology, a university in Taoyuan County, Taiwan
* Chust (Hasidic dynasty), the name of several Hasidic dynasties
* Chust District, Namangan Region, Uzbekistan
** Chust, Uzbekistan, the capital of Chust District
** Chust knives, made in the Namangan Region
* Chust, Tajikistan, a village in Shahrinav District, Tajikistan
* Chust bug or Pentatomoidea, a superfamily of insects
* German, Czech, Slovak and Polish spelling of Khust, city in Ukraine
# Anna Ritchie

Anna Ritchie may refer to:
* Anna Ritchie (archaeologist), British archaeologist and historian
* Anna Cora Mowatt, also Ritchie, American writer
# Jyotsna

Jyotsna or Jyoshna (Sanskrit: ज्योत्स्ना) is a Sanskrit word meaning moonlight. It is also a common (feminine) given name in India.
* Jyoshna (Joanne La Trobe), New Zealand devotional singer/song writer
* Jyotsna Bhatt, Indian ceramicist
* Jyotsna Chandola, Indian actress
* Jyotsna Patel, former Test cricketer who represented India
* Jyotsna Radhakrishnan, playback singer in Malayalam cinema
* Jyotsna Srikanth, Indian violinist and composer
* Jyotsna Vaid, professor of psychology at Texas University
* Jyotsna Kamat, Indian historian and writer
# Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary

Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary (popular as Deer Park) was established in 1977. This wooded area is located near Bolpur Santiniketan in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum District in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography and location

This wildlife sanctuary is located in Bolpur Santiniketan. It has an average elevation of 56 metres (184 ft). With an area of 200 hectares, Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary located on the fringes of the University town of Bolpur. Just a kilometer from the Viswa Bharati University area, this lush Wildlife Sanctuary is home to three large water bodies (Jheel) which hosts migratory as well as resident birds in plenty.

### Climate

During the summer, the temperature can reach well above 40 °C (104 °F) and in winters it can drop to around 10 °C (50 °F). The annual average rainfall is 1,212 millimetres (47.7 in), mostly in the monsoon months (June to October).

## Fauna

This Wildlife Sanctuary is home to three large water bodies (Jheel) which hosts migratory as well as resident birds in plenty. The sanctuary was established in September 1967 and has one of the most successful deer conservation records in the state. It is home to numerous Cheethals (Spotted Deer), Blackbuck and other resident animals like jackals and foxes. The whole sanctuary is a protected area with watchtowers and jungle paths for tourists to walk around and catch glimpses of deer and other wildlife.

## Timings

It is open from 10 am to 4 pm. It is closed on Wednesday.
# Alfred Wilcox

Alfred Wilcox VC (16 December 1884 – 30 March 1954), was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Until 2006, he was the only recipient of the Victoria Cross whose exact resting place was unknown.
He was 33 years old, and a lance-corporal in the 2/4th Battalion, The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 12 September 1918 near Laventie, France, when his company was held up by enemy machine-gun fire at short range, Lance-Corporal Wilcox rushed to the nearest enemy gun, bombing it and killing the gunner. Being then attacked by an enemy bombing party, the corporal picked up enemy stick bombs and led his company against the next gun, finally capturing and destroying it. Then, left with only one man he continued bombing and captured a third gun. Going up the trench, bombing as he went, he captured a fourth gun and then returned to his platoon.
A nephew was Charles Wilcox GC. In 2006 his nephew John Wilcox, who had attended his Uncle's funeral in 1954, helped historian Chris Sutton in locating his grave in Aston Church. A service was held, and a memorial unveiled on 12 September 2006, 88 years to the day after he captured the guns.
He is named prominently on the front panel of the plinth unveiled at the new student accommodation in James Wolfe Road, Oxford on 16 August 2019 at the site of Cowley Barracks.
# Doğancılar, Çan

Doğancılar is a village in the Çan District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 150 (2021).
# Kevin Thomson (cricketer)

Kevin Thomson (born 24 December 1971) is a former Scottish international cricketer representing the Scottish national side between 1992 and 2003. He played as a right-arm pace bowler.
Thomson was born in Dundee, and attended Brechin High School. He made his debut for Scotland in June 1992, in a first-class game against Ireland. Later in 1992, and also in 1994, Thomson trialled with English counties, playing Second XI Championship games for Leicestershire and Durham, respectively. At the 1997 ICC Trophy in Malaysia, he played in five of Scotland's nine matches, taking six wickets. His best figures, 3/37 from eight overs, came against Papua New Guinea. Thomson was a regular for Scotland throughout the late 1990s and into the early 2000s, although he missed out on both the team's appearance at the 1999 World Cup and the 2001 ICC Trophy. His final matches for the national team came in the 2003 National Cricket League, against Derbyshire and Lancashire.
# Anna Rita Sparaciari

Anna Rita Sparaciari (born 3 March 1959) is an Italian fencer. She competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 1980 Summer Olympics. She won a silver medal in the individual foil event at the 1979 Mediterranean Games.
# Jyotish (caste)

The Jyotish caste comprises individuals who traditionally practiced astrology. According to many sources, these individuals were originally considered part of the Brahmin caste. They were said to have originated from Shakadweepa or Sakaldweep, and hence were referred to as Sakaldweepiya or Shakadweepi Brahmans. Upon entering India, most of them settled in Northern India, although one group migrated to Odisha in the Eastern part of India.
They were well versed in Astrology and also did Vedic rituals, teaching, and practicing Ayurvedic treatments. However, with the advancement of scientific research, their significance diminished. As a result, the later generations lost the know-how of their ancestors and therefore lost their incomes. In addition, the poor financial state made them socially weak and backward.
However, in many places in Odisha, these people still practice Vedic rituals and serve as temple worshipers. Yet, in the undivided Puri district, their economic and social status is very low. While in other parts of India, the people practicing astrology are known as Panditji or Brahmans, in Odisha, they are struggling to regain their lost pride. They are Brahmins of Shakadweep and are now trying to get their social status back.

## Social Status

They are Classified as an Other Backward Class (OBC) according to Reservation system of India.
# Bangladesh at the 2000 Summer Olympics

Bangladesh competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Five competitors, 2 men and 3 women, took part in 6 events in 3 sports.

## Athletics
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Mohamed Mahbub Alam | 200 m | did not finish | did not finish | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Foujia Huda | 100 m | 12.75 | 8 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Shooting
### Women

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Sabrina Sultana | 10 m air rifle | 383 | 46 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Sabrina Sultana | 50 metre rifle three positions | 554 | 38 | did not advance | did not advance |

## Swimming
### Men

| Athlete | Events | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Events | Time | Position | Time | Position |
| Karar Samedul Islam | 100m Breaststroke | 1:14.93 | 64 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Events | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Events | Time | Position | Time | Position |
| Doli Akhter | 100m Breaststroke | DSQ | DSQ | did not advance | did not advance |
# Alfred Leroy

Alfred-Désiré-Louis-Joseph Leroy (18 August 1837 – 7 August 1901) was a French industrialist and politician who sat in the Senate from 1900 to 1901.
He entered the Bruay Mining Company in 1872, and became general manager in 1897. He was mayor of Bruay-en-Artois from 1879 to 1900 and general councillor of the Canton of Houdain. He was made an officer of the Legion of Honour in 1897. On 29 April 1900 he was elected to the Senate representing Pas-de-Calais, where he was associated with the Republican Union group. He died in office in 1901.
One of his daughters, Mathilde, married Jules Elby, who succeeded his father-in-law at the Bruay Mining Company and in the Senate.
# Grünhorn

The Grünhorn (or Gross Grünhorn) (4,043 m) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps range of the Swiss Alps. It is located on the ridge between the two largest glaciers of the Alps: the Aletsch Glacier to the west and the Fiescher Glacier to the east. To the south lies the Gross Wannenhorn and, to the north, the Gross Fiescherhorn.
The starting point for the normal route via the Grünegghorn and the south-west ridge is the Konkordiahütte at 2,850 metres (9,350 ft), which can be reached from Fiesch (1,049 m; 3,442 ft).

## Climbing history

The first ascent was made on August 7, 1865 by the Bernese mineralogist Edmund von Fellenberg with guides Peter Michel, Peter Egger and Peter Inäbnit. They climbed the mountain from the west side, starting at the Ewigschneefeld, a tributary glacier of the Aletsch Glacier. They successfully reached the summit despite very bad weather conditions. The same climbers had made an attempt on the peak in the previous year, but they could only reach a lower prominence of the Grünegghorn.
The second ascent was made by W. A. B. Coolidge, with guides Christian and Rudolf Almer (sons of Christian Almer).
A route on the north-east ridge was opened on 26 August 1913 by D. von Bethmann-Hollweg and O. Supersaxo. In the summer of 1950, G. Van der Leck climbed the west face. The western pillar was finally climbed by C. Blum and U. Frei on 27 August 1967.
Famed Swiss mountaineer Erhard Loretan died after a fall on the Grünhorn on 28 April 2011.