OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Judicial Reform Committee of South Sudan

The Judicial Reform Committee of South Sudan (JRC) was launched by the Government of South Sudan on 28 July 2022 to review laws, and to advise on judicial reforms and restructuring of the judiciary.

## Background

The JRC was established under the Revitalized (power sharing) Agreement for the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, which was signed on 12 September 2018 and has the same force as a constitution. The JRC was commissioned in Juba in July 2022.
The JRC was formed in the context of continued violence following the independence of South Sudan in 2011, combined with shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, exceptional flooding, and food and fuel scarcity due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. All of these have caused growing crime and disputes. The majority of problems are resolved through traditional systems, but there are still almost two million unresolved legal issues annually.
The JRC describes its mandate as; "Make recommendations to the RTGoNU that will inform judicial reforms and restructuring of the judiciary. Working towards the separation of powers, independence of the judiciary and the supremacy of the rule of law in South Sudan".

## Personnel

As of 2022 the JRC was chaired by Lord Justice James Ogoola (Uganda) with deputy chair Lady Justice Joyce Aluoch (Kenya). In January 2023 Justice Ajonye Perpetua was Head of Secretariat of the JRC.
According to its website, the JRC has twelve members:
* Five from the Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU)
* Two from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM/A-IO)
* One from the South Sudan Opposition Alliance
* One from the former detainees
* Two from the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
* One from the other political parties.
The JRC has five working groups and a secretariat, supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Japan, the European Union and the Kingdom of Netherlands. The working groups are responsible for Judicial Structure, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Judicial Service Commission, Training, capacity building and Technology, Constitutional court-

## Activities

In 2023 the committee consulted with stakeholders in areas such as Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria, Upper Nile State, and the Greater Pibor Administrative Area. They talked to administrators, politicians, lawyers, women, youth and so on to obtain views from all sectors of society.
The third JRC workshop was conducted by the Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law over three days in May 2023. It covered The Structure of the Judiciary in Federal Systems of Government. Committee members reviewed and discussed different systems adopted by different countries, and thoughts on which model would best suit South Sudan.
# Juan de Villafranca

Juan de Villafranca Lawyer graduated from Universidad Iberoamericana. Businessman, public server and diplomat, born in Mexico in 1954. He is Executive President of AMELAF (Mexican Association of Pharmaceutical Laboratories). He has been Director General of Marking Services de Mexico, a subsidiary of Marking Services Inc. He was CEO of Pegaso Media (Out of Home Publicity). In 2000 he started a career in private sector as a consultant.
He was Ambassador of Mexico to Singapore, Brunei and Myanmar, and has held senior positions in Mexican Government: Commissioner of Patents and Trade Marks, Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs. Before going to Singapore he was Chief of Staff of Fernando Solana who was the Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Was Chairman of the General Assembly of the World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO, in those days Arpad Bogsch was the Director General of WIPO.
He served as Comptroller of the Secretary of Tourism.
He led many projects of modernization within the Mexican Government, the first official use of Internet service by the Mexican Government to private users was the consultation of trademarks in 1987. While in Singapore he promoted very intensively the economic relations generating a growth of trade and projects of foreign investment to Mexico. Participated in the efforts of México to become a member of APEC.
A top Mexican squash player he played in many tournaments against players like Sharif Khan, Victor Niederhoffer, Peter Briggs, and Gordon Anderson. He won the Mexican Championship six times, the US Intercollegiate twice, and was highly ranked in the world. In 2000 he was inducted to Hall of Fame of the National Intercollegiate Squash Rackets Association. He taught International Law in the Universidad Iberoamericana. He was Vice President of Club Necaxa, one of the Mexico's First Division soccer teams.
# Carretera

Carretera (Spanish "highway") may refer to:
* La Carretera, album by Julio Iglesias 1995
* "La Carretera" (song), 2016 song by American singer Prince Royce
# Juan Rodolfo Laise

Juan Rodolfo Laise OFM Cap (22 February 1926 – 22 July 2019) was an Argentine Catholic bishop.
Rodolfo Laise was born in Argentina and was ordained to the priesthood in 1949. He was appointed titular bishop of Iomnium and coadjutor bishop of the San Luis, Argentina, in 1971. He then served as bishop of the diocese from 1971 until Pope John Paul II accepted his resignation for reasons of age on 6 June 2001.
# Blanche Lefebvre

Blanche Lefebvre (or Lefevre) (1847 - 23 May 1871) was a communard active in the Batignolles quarter in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. She died defending the Paris Commune during "bloody week".

## Biography

Blanche Lefebvre was a laundress at the Sainte-Marie des Batignolles laundry. She lived at 34, rue des Maris, in the 10th arrondissement.
During the Paris Commune, she was a member of the Club de la Révolution sociale [fr], which was founded on 3 May 1871 in the church of Sainte-Marie des Batignolles [fr]; her husband was the secretary. She was also a member of the executive committee of the Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés ("Women's Union for the Defence of Paris and the Care of the Wounded"). She was known to always wear a red sash and carry a revolver.
Abbot Paul Fontoulieu, a strongly anti-communard but otherwise generally reliable contemporary, described Lefebvre as the "queen" of the podium at the Batignolles - and as a "terrible woman", a "fanatic" who "loved the insurrection as others love a man," capable of making any sacrifice for the Commune. He compared her to Théroigne de Méricourt and Charlotte Corday (not, in his opinion, a flattering comparison), and related a story in which she shot dead a Fédéré captain on 22 May for his cowardice in the face of the Commune's looming defeat.
Lefebvre was one of the women who participated in the defence of Place Blanche on 23 May 1871, along with Élisabeth Dmitrieff, Nathalie Lemel, Malvina Poulain [fr], and Julia Béatrix Euvrie. She was killed fighting Versailles troops later that day, on the rue des Dames [fr] in the 17th arrondissement, on the Batignolles barricade.

## Legacy

A square was created in 2012 with the provisional designation "BY/17". In June 2013, Paris city hall named it "Place Blanche Lefebvre".
# Blanche Kommerell

Blanche Kommerell (born 10 March 1950) is a German actress and writer. She has appeared in more than fifty films since 1962. She was a daughter of actress Ruth Kommerell.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 1962 | Rotkäppchen | Rotkäppchen |
| 1966 | The Sons of Great Bear | |
| 1970 | Effi Briest | |
| 1974 | … verdammt, ich bin erwachsen | Junge Kindergärtnerin |
| 1974 | Jacob the Liar | Rosa Frankfurter |
| 1975 | Looping | |
| 1976 | Das blaue Licht | Anne |
| 1988 | Die Schauspielerin | Judith Baumann |
# Blanche Lamontagne-Beauregard

Blanche Lamontagne-Beauregard (January 13, 1889 – May 25, 1958) was a Canadian poet.
She was born in Les Escoumins, Québec, and attended various convent schools before taking classes around 1910 at the École d'enseignement secondaire pour les jeunes filles (which became the Collège Marguerite-Bourgeoys in 1926 and borrowed much of its curriculum from Université Laval). She may have studied literature at the University of Montreal. Her first poetry collection, Visions gaspésiennes (1913), received the Prix de la Société du parler français au Canada. After her marriage to lawyer Hector Beauregard in July 1920, she was able to devote herself to writing. She belongs to Québec's regionalist school of writing and drew largely upon the folklore of the Gaspé Peninsula.
# Bishop Challoner Catholic College

Bishop Challoner Catholic College is a Roman Catholic secondary school in the Kings Heath area of Birmingham, England. The school has a roll of 1,152 students, including 212 sixth form students.
One of the first 100 Teaching Schools, the school is a nationally recognised leader in the fields of Initial Teacher Education, research and development and also in supporting school improvement. Professional development programmes provide support for thousands of colleagues both within and beyond their Teaching School Alliance. Bishop Challoner Catholic College is the lead school for the Central Maths Hub and the Central Midland Science Learning Partnership, working with hundreds of schools across the Midlands to support STEM subjects. Bishop Challoner Catholic College are at the heart of the development and delivery of programmes to support non-specialist teachers in physics, maths and MFL and works in partnership with the Royal Society to develop STEM projects and resources that benefit pupils across multiple schools.

## History

Opened in 1953, it was the first Catholic secondary school in Birmingham. John Welford was the first Headteacher of the school and he was in post until 1964.

## Arts

For the second time, the school has received a Government School Achievement Award for examination results, the National Curriculum Award and Artsmark Gold for the provision of drama, music, dance, art and performance in the school. The school's production of West Side Story, Beauty and the Beast, Big the Musical and We Will Rock You, have won the Columba Trophy for the best school production in Birmingham. The school has had its fair few alumni including Olympic gymnast Dominick Cunningham.
The Performing Arts, We Sing Show Choir were given the 'once-in-a-lifetime' opportunity of performing as part of the choir at the Mass which was taken by Pope Benedict XVI. The Mass, held at Cofton Park in Longbridge, was the pinnacle of the Pope's visit to Great Britain and was his final visit before returning to the Vatican in Rome. After weeks of rehearsals, the 10 students and 3 teachers joined the 2200 other choristers from across the country and were seated in the Grandstand directly to the left of the Pope as he delivered the Mass. Continuing this success, the Choir secured one of three places in the final of a national search for the UK's best Glee Club. The best club would win a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to perform on the West End stage at London's Apollo Victoria Theatre, home of WICKED, in December 2010. The competition was judged by members of the WICKED cast including Lee Mead (BBC's Any Dream Will Do), Rachel Tucker (BBC's I'd Do Anything) and Louise Dearman at WICKED Day.

## Academic performance

The school has improved since 1998 when 37% of pupils received 5 or more A*-C grades at GCSE. In 2008, this figure had risen to over 80% of pupils receiving 5 or more A*-C grades. In March 2009 the school achieved an 'Outstanding' grade in its Section 5 and Section 48 OFSTED inspection reports.

## Alumni

* Richard Blaze (b. 1985) - rugby union player
# Juiaparus batus

Juiaparus batus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Casey, Australian Capital Territory

Casey is a suburb in Canberra, Australia, approximately 4 km from the Gungahlin Town Centre and about 13 km from the centre of Canberra. The suburb is named after Richard Casey, Baron Casey an Australian politician, diplomat and later the 16th Governor-General of Australia. It is bound by Horse Park Drive and Clarrie Hermes Drive. Casey is located in north-west Gungahlin, adjacent to the suburbs of Nicholls and Ngunnawal, and the future suburbs of Taylor and Moncrieff.
The suburb draws its place names from notable Australian diplomats, public servants and administrators. Former Lieutenant-Governor of South Australia Walter Crocker and Sir John Overall, the former head of the National Capital Development Commission are honoured by place names in Casey.

## History

Until 1990, Casey was part of the former 'Gold Creek' a 3,940-acre (15.9 km$^2$) rural property with the Gold Creek Homestead at its centre. The relative flat and even topography of portions of the suburb of Casey was ideal for various pursuits including horse racing, and was the site of a practice track for racing horses. A stand of trees parallel to Horse Park Drive which predates the establishment of the village (now the suburb) of Hall marks the original alignment of the Queanbeyan-Yass Road.

## Development

Construction work on road and other infrastructure for Casey commenced in September 2008. In December 2009, Overall Avenue, the connector road for Casey Stage 1, opened to traffic between Clarrie Hermes Drive and Horsepark Drive. During this period stormwater infrastructure including a sediment pond was also completed (pictured below right). Settlement of the suburb began in 2010 and it had an estimated population of 2,881 on 30 June 2013.
Casey will eventually occupy an area approximately 192 ha in size and accommodate 1,940 dwellings, including about 275 medium density units in the commercial centres. A Group (Shopping) Centre will be constructed in the south-east corner of the suburb near the corner of Horse Park and Clarrie Hermes Drives. A second and minor commercial centre planned for Casey will be built at the northern end of the suburb nearest the future suburb of Taylor. The Group Centre is expected to incorporate a retail core clustered around a 'central green-node' similar to Green Square in Kingston. To improve accessibility of the Group Centre, Clarrie Hermes Drive has been extended through to the Barton Highway at its westerly end.

## Geology

The landscape slopes to the south east, with a line of hills forming a ridge on the north west side making a backdrop. The low point is 622 metres at the roundabout joining Gungahlin Drive, Horse Park Drive and Clarrie Hermes drive. The highest point is 726 metres in the north west corner.
Casey is underlaid by rocks from the Silurian period. Along the hill tops the rock is from the Hawkins Volcanics, with mostly dacite in the south, and andesite in the north. The north east of the suburb has dacite from the Canberra Formation. The south east has a green grey porphyry with a dacite like composition, and visible white feldspar crystals.
# Casey, Ontario

Casey is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Timiskaming District.
The township had a population of 341 in the 2021 Census. The main communities in the township are Belle Vallée, Judge, and Pearson. The municipal offices are located in Belle Vallée.
The township is named after George Elliott Casey, member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1900.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Casey had a population of 341 living in 127 of its 140 total private dwellings, a change of -7.3% from its 2016 population of 368. With a land area of 80.8 km$^2$ (31.2 sq mi), it had a population density of 4.2/km$^2$ (10.9/sq mi) in 2021.
Mother tongue (2006):
* English as first language: 28.6%
* French as first language: 71.4%
* English and French as first language: 0%
* Other as first language: 0%
# Judy Vance

Judy M. Vance is an American mechanical engineer known for her research on the use of virtual reality and haptic technology in design and manufacturing. She is a professor emerita of mechanical engineering and the former Joseph C. and Elizabeth A. Anderlik Professor of Engineering at Iowa State University.

## Education and career

Vance is originally from Fort Dodge, Iowa. She was a student of mechanical engineering at Iowa State University, beginning in 1973. After taking several years away from school, she earned a bachelor's degree in 1980, a master's degree in 1987, and a Ph.D. in 1992.
She joined the Iowa State faculty in 1984, as an instructor in the Division of Engineering Fundamentals and Multidisciplinary Design, and became an assistant professor in 1987. On completing her doctorate in 1992, she instead became an assistant professor of mechanical engineering. She was promoted to associate professor in 1997 and full professor in 2003. She chaired the mechanical engineering department from 2003 to 2006, and was named Joseph C. and Elizabeth A. Anderlik Professor of Engineering in 2010. She was the first woman in the mechanical engineering department with a tenure-track faculty position, the first to win tenure, and the first to chair the department. She retired as a professor emerita in 2019.

## Recognition

Vance was elected as a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 2004. In 2012, Heriot-Watt University gave her an honorary doctorate, "for her preeminence in, and outstanding innovative contribution to, advancing virtual reality engineering design applications, as well as for her influence as an advocate to promote the participation of women in engineering". On her retirement, a scholarship at Iowa State was named in her honor.
# Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)

A "Black Lives Matter" street mural has been painted in Cincinnati, in the U.S. state of Ohio.
The mural appears on Plum Street between Eighth and Ninth streets.

## History

Black Art Speaks, ArtsWave, and ArtWorks painted the mural in front of the Cincinnati City Hall in June 2020.
Plans for a $118,000 restoration were confirmed in June 2021. Black Art Speaks completed the restoration. City manager Paula Boggs Muething recommended using $250,000 in federal stimulus money from the American Rescue Plan to fund the project. Cincinnati City Council approved spending $125,000. Some streets were closed during the renovation. A block party was held on the site.
# Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)

In August 2020, eight artists painted a Black Lives Matter street mural in Salt Lake City's Washington Square Park, outside the Salt Lake City and County Building, in the U.S. state of Utah. The city had commissioned the painting with a contest "to support and memorialize the national movement to eliminate systemic racism".

## Description and history

In July 2020, the city announced a contest for local artists to participate. Mayor Erin Mendenhall said:
   We want to make it clear that Salt Lake City believes Black Lives Matter and is committed to real change in our community. We're taking this symbolic step as a city to boldly acknowledge this movement and commit to our role in it. An important part of this for us is creating a space where artists and community members are able to come together to express their feelings on this movement.
Design submissions were accepted during July 8–15. On July 16, a committee selected and announced artists to fill in the outlined 16-letter phrase. Panelists included Mendenhall, Black Lives Matter Utah founder Lex Scott, council member Ana Valdemoros, and creative director Chris Owens. The city intended the mural to be temporary but digitally preserved.
The mural was painted by eight artists, sometimes credited as the Black Artists Collective or Utah Black Artists Collective, on August 4. Each artist painted two letters of "Black Lives Matter" and received a $300 stipend for supplies. According to KSTU's Elle Thomas, "each letter is unique. Some feature historical moments, others displaying current events and some promoting all-inclusivity amid diversity." Owens painted Breonna Taylor within the "B". Veronica Zak painted a "T". Pablo Abarca, Donovan Guerrero, Emma Lamae, Liz Lambson, Abigail Rodriguez, and Chloe and Gretel Tam were also selected.

## Reception

Scott said, "This mural is a symbol of how this country is changing, and coming to understand the movement. We have been in these streets working towards justice and equality for 6 years. Now we get a visual representation of our work and goals to truly achieve justice in this country."
In September 2020, a resident prepared to file a lawsuit against Mendenhall and the city for "not allowing other groups to have the same right to express opposing political points".
# Caseyville, Mississippi

Caseyville is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Mississippi, United States.
The community was first settled in the early 1800s by Scottish Presbyterians. The community is named for James Casey, who settled in the area in the 1850s and operated one of its first stores.
A post office operated under the name Caseyville from 1852 to 1909.
# Bistrispinaria

Bistrispinaria is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.
# Jules Jürgensen

Jules Jürgensen was a watchmaking company.

## History

The company was founded by Jürgen Jürgensen in 1740 in Denmark, when Jürgen Jürgensen went into partnership with Isaac Larpent, under the name "Larpent & Jürgensen". Upon Jürgen's death in 1811, his son Urban took over the company, keeping the name.
Following Urban's death the Danish company continued its operations as Urban Jürgensen & Sønner by 1891; then, Urban Jürgensen & Sønner Eftf in 1886, while one of Urban's sons, Jules Frederik, moved to Switzerland and established a subsidiary branch.
By 1919, Ed. Heuer & Co. purchased the Swiss Jürgensen operation and handled the regulation and assembly of Jules Jürgensen watches using ébauches from LeCoultre and Victorin Piguet, which were also suppliers for Patek Philippe. Jules Jürgensen was sold to a U.S.-based company in 1936, but watches were still produced in Switzerland until 1957, when the documentation shows the watches were made by other manufacturers and branded with the Jürgensen name.
In 1974, Mort Clayman, a watch distributor in the U.S. purchased the company. According to the company's website, it [Rhapsody] has ceased operation, but is still honoring warranties. Mort Clayman died in January 2010, and his survivors closed the company. In 2011, Dr. Helmut Crott, owner of Urban Jürgensen & Sønner acquired the rights from the Clayman family.
# Birpur, Ghazipur

Beerpur is a large village located in Mohammadabad tehsil in Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the bank of river Ganges. It has total 1348 families residing. The Beerpur village has population of 9377 as per Population Census 2011.

## Administration

Beerpur is administered by Pradhan through its Gram Panchayat as per the constitution of India and Panchayati Raj act.
| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 1,348 | | |
| Population | 8,560 | 4,442 | 4118 |

## Nearby places

* Ghazipur
* Kundesar
* Varanasi
* Mughalsarai
* Buxar

## Notable people

* Tikam Deo : Tikam Deo war Chero ruler who had his fort at Birpur in Twelfth Century. He was defeated by Mulhan Dikshit.
* Atul Rai : Atul Rai is Member of Parliament from Ghosi (Lok Sabha constituency).
* Pawan Kumar Rai*[Ex Village president] and brother of Atul Rai