OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Descriptive psychiatry

Descriptive psychiatry is based on the study of observable symptoms and behavioral phenomena rather than underlying psychodynamic processes. In descriptive psychiatry, the clinical psychiatrist focuses on empirically observable behaviors and conditions, such as words spoken or actions taken.
Modern works sometimes refer to it as biological psychiatry. It was championed by Emil Kraepelin in the early 20th century and is sometimes called Kraepelinian psychiatry. One major work of descriptive psychiatry is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Its focus on observable symptoms contrasts with dynamic psychiatry's emphasis on emotional processes and the mental mechanisms underlying them. The relative popularity of these two basic approaches to psychiatry changes over time. Descriptive psychiatry was seen at its low points as "narrow, bloodless, and without real significance." At its high points, it is considered orderly, systematic, and scientific. Most modern psychiatrists believe that it is most helpful to combine the two complementary approaches in a biopsychosocial model.
# Malegohun Chiefdom

Malegohun Chiefdom is a chiefdom in Kenema District of Sierra Leone. Its capital is Sembehun.
# James Thomas Law

James Thomas Law (1790–1876) was an English cleric, the chancellor of the diocese of Lichfield from 1821.

## Life

He was eldest son of George Henry Law, the bishop of Bath and Wells, and Jane, daughter of General James Whorwood Adeane, MP, of Babraham, Cambridgeshire. He was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1812 as second senior optime, and was chosen fellow of the college. He took holy orders in 1814, and proceeded M.A. in 1815.
On 9 April 1818 Law was made prebendary of Chester Cathedral, and on 18 July following prebendary of Lichfield Cathedral. In 1821 he was appointed chancellor of the diocese of Lichfield, in 1824 commissary of the archdeaconry of Richmond, and in 1840 special commissary of the diocese of Bath and Wells.
Law supported the Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery at Queen's College, Birmingham, of which he was elected honorary warden in 1846, and the Lichfield Theological College. He was master of St John's Hospital, Lichfield.
Law was a benefactor to the city of Lichfield. In 1838 he gave the statue of Samuel Johnson in the Market Square. Chancellor Law's Fountain in Beacon Park was unveiled in 1871.
Law died at Lichfield on 22 February 1876. The monument to Law and his wife in the churchyard of St Michael on Greenhill, Lichfield is a listed building; it originally had a clock illuminated by gas.

## Works

Law published, with charges and pamphlets:
* A Catechetical Exposition of the Apostles' Creed, London, 1825.
* The Poor Man's Garden, or a few brief Rules for Regulating Allotments of Land to the Poor for Potatoe Gardens, London, 1830; 4th edit. 1831.
* The Acts for Building and Promoting the Building of Additional Churches in Populous Parishes arranged and harmonised, London, 1841; 3rd edit. 1853.
* The Ecclesiastical Statutes at large, extracted from the great body of the Statute Law and arranged under separate heads, 5 vols. London, 1847.
* Lectures on the Ecclesiastical Law of England, pt. i. London, 1861.
* Lectures on the Office and Duties of Churchwardens, London, 1861.
* Materials for a Brief History of ... Queen's College, Birmingham; with a Supplement and Appendices, arranged by Mr. Chancellor Law, Lichfield, 1869.
Law also published Forms of Ecclesiastical Law, London, 1831 (another edit. 1844); it was a translation of the first part of Thomas Oughton's Ordo Judiciorum,. There were with it materials from other jurists and authorities: Francis Clerke's Praxis; Henry Conset's Practice of the Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Courts; John Ayliffe's Parergon; William Cockburn's Clerk's Assistant in the Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts; and Edmund Gibson's Codex juris ecclesiastici Anglicani.

## Family

On 16 December 1820 Grey married Lady Henrietta Charlotte Grey (1799–1866), eldest daughter of George Grey, 6th Earl of Stamford. They had four children.
# Magie Noire

"Magie Noire" ("Black Magic") is a comics series by the Ivorian painter and author Gilbert G. Groud. It deals with the dangers of black magic in Africa.
The story is about a father who is married to several women. His favourite wife Zoé has only one child. To proceed in sorcery and earn a position of higher power, he is required to sacrifice this last son. The child is sacrificed in the world of ghosts. In the real world, he falls very sick and throws up daily. The mother, who is not into black magic, takes the child to a hospital. The doctors can not find out what is wrong. Still the situation of the child worsens.
The illustrations were drawn by hand with ink. The mood is sad and dark which can also be seen in the pictures that are painted in green and brown. Pictures showing the real world are suddenly painted in bright colors. This contrast shows the difference between the real world and the frightening, dangerous world of ghosts.
Groud converted to Christianity in 1985, but comes from a family that practised sorcery. His point of view is a very critical one.

## Editions

* Gilbert G. Groud: Magie Noire. Albin Michel, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-226-13642-8
* Gilbert G. Groud: Magie noire, Tome 2 Vent des savanes, 2008, ISBN 978-2-35626-011-6

## Sources

English articles:
* http://lambiek.net/artists/g/groud_gilbert.htm
French articles:
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071026085124/http://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/em/cosmopolitaine/index.php?id=14236
* http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=affiche_murmure&no_murmure=903
* This comics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bistritsa

Bistritsa or Bistrica (Бистрица, from Bulgarian бистър and ultimately Proto-Slavic *-bystr, meaning "clear, lucid, limpid") may refer to:
* three villages in Bulgaria:
** Bistritsa, Blagoevgrad Province
** Bistritsa, Kyustendil Province
** Bistritsa, Sofia
*** FC Vitosha Bistritsa, an association football club
*** Stadion Bistritsa, a football stadium
* a high number of rivers:
** Pirinska Bistritsa
** Vitoshka Bistritsa, running through Pancharevo
** Sandanska Bistritsa, running through Sandanski in Blagoevgrad Province
** the South Slavic name of the Haliacmon, river in Greece
* Tsarska Bistritsa, a former royal palace in Rila
* several former villages in Bulgaria:
** one formerly known as Tursko selo until 1878 and merged with Dolno selo, Kyustendil Province in 1959
** one merged with Razliv, Sofia Province in 1965
* an alternative name for the village of Bistrilitsa, Montana Province
* Bistritsa Grannies
* Bistritsa Monastery
# Damlıca, Demirözü

Damlıca is a village in the Demirözü District, Bayburt Province, Turkey. Its population is 119 (2021).

## History

The former name of the village was Gülelihayık.
# Uvedale Corbett Junior

Uvedale Corbett Jr. was a Poor Law inspector.
In 1855 he was District Auditor to the Llanfyllin Poor Law Union.
He had a salary of around £600 a year.
Gathorne Hardy appointed him, in 1866, as ‘an inspector of much experience’ with Dr. W. O. Markham, a former editor of the British Medical Journal, to visit the London workhouses with a view to procuring information which might assist him in drafting new legislation for the reform of workhouse infirmaries. He was summoned from Derby at less than a day's notice. The Poor Law Board paid to move him, his family, his furniture and his five servants to his new house in Onslow Square. He explained to Hardy that on an inspection he would "go immediately to the sick wards of the infirmary without forewarning, to ensure that no preparations were made for his arrival. Inspection of the sick wards was the heaviest part of his work and a part he did not wish to hurry. He would question some of the inmates quietly, to gain their confidence, for as a rule paupers were not disposed to make complaints. He would try to find out if they were treated kindly by the officers, whether any little amusement or occupation was afforded them, whether the doctor was patient with them, the chaplain came to read to them, and whether they were well nursed and attended in the night".
In 1875 he participated in a Poor Law conference in Shrewsbury as a Local Government Board Inspector.
# Hydroides ezoensis

Hydroides ezoensis is a species of tube-forming annelid worm in the family Serpulidae. It is native to the temperate northern Pacific and the central Indo-Pacific and is found in the intertidal zone and on submerged rocks, shells, pilings, jetties and boats.

## Description

Hydroides ezoensis secretes a robust, white, calcareous tube that may be 20 mm (0.8 in) long after a year, with a diameter of about 3 mm (0.1 in); this starts off flattened against the surface, but later grows upwards. Various particles may get incorporated into the tube, and the older parts may be greenish from the growth of algae. From the tube, the crown of radioles projects, consisting of two semi-circular whorls, each of up to 26 branched tentacles. These are purplish, banded with white, orange, tan or brown. The first dorsal pair of tentacles is unbranched and is modified to form a pseudoperculum, which can be used to close the tube after the worm has retracted inside.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is native to the temperate northern Pacific and the central Indo-Pacific. It was first described in 1934 from the waters around Japan; the specific epithet refers to Ezo, the historic name for the island of Hokkaido. Since then it has appeared and become established in the waters around Great Britain, and in those around Australia. It occurs in estuaries and bays, on hard substrates including rocks, seaweed, shells, pilings, docks, jetties, buoys and boats. It is a common fouling organism of vessels, docks, industrial water intakes and aquaculture facilities, and sometimes grows on muddy gravel substrates.

## Ecology

The calcareous tube secreted by the worm is a refuge into which it can retreat; these tubes sometimes form large aggregations. Like all serpulids, H. ezoensis is a filter feeder, extending its crown of tentacles into the water column to catch plankton and organic particles floating past. Two species of parasitic copepod are associated with this worm, and the dense mass of tubes provides suitable habitat for protozoans, poriferans, bryozoans, other polychaete worms and amphipods.
The sexes are separate in this species, and gametes are released into the sea where fertilisation occurs. The worms coordinate their reproductive processes by the production of pheromones which indicate their readiness to breed. The larvae are planktonic and are induced to settle and undergo metamorphosis by chemical cues released by the bacterial biofilm on the substrate. A rock on which tubeworms of this species already live is a more attractive place to settle than a new, clean surface.
# List of Emirati records in track cycling

The following are the national records in track cycling in United Arab Emirates, maintained by its national cycling federation, U.A.E. Cycling Federation.

## Men

| Event | Record | Athlete | Date | Meet | Place |
| Flying 200 m time trial | | | | | |
| Flying 500 m time trial | | | | | |
| 500 m time trial | | | | | |
| Flying 1 km time trial | | | | | |
| 1 km time trial | | | | | |
| Team sprint | | | | | |
| 4000 m individual pursuit | 4:41.913 | Saif Al-Kaabi | 6 August 2022 | Islamic Solidarity Games | Konya, Turkey |
| 4000 m team pursuit | | | | | |
| Hour record | | | | | |

## Women

| Event | Record | Athlete | Date | Meet | Place |
| Flying 200 m time trial | | | | | |
| Flying 500 m time trial | | | | | |
| 500 m time trial | | | | | |
| Team sprint | | | | | |
| 3000 m individual pursuit | 4:06.496 | Zahra Hussain | 6 August 2022 | Islamic Solidarity Games | Konya, Turkey |
| 3000 m team pursuit | | | | | |
| Hour record | | | | | |
# Et Fugit Intera Fugit Irreparabile Tempus

Et Fugit Intera Fugit Irreparabile Tempus is the debut album by the experimental black metal band Spektr. This album is often mistakenly titled "No Longer Human Senses", which is actually the album's subtitle.

## Track listing

* "No Longer Human Senses" — 9:03
* "Post Fatalism" — 04:18
* "Reveal the Four Seals" — 05:07
* "Nothing's Been Worth Saving (The Procession)" — 05:41
* "A Return to the Flesh" — 05:37
* "Wizened Hand" — 08:14
* "...With Only One Eye" — 02:06
* "Confusion / The Persistence" (Ending Contakt) — 06:48

## Musicians

* kl.K. (aka Krig) — drums, vocals, samples, programming
* Hth — guitars, bass, vocals, samples, programming
# Corallus annulatus

Corallus annulatus, known as the ringed tree boa, annulated tree boa, and northern annulated tree boa, is a boa species found in Central and South America. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. Like all boas, it is a non-venomous constrictor.

## Description

The color pattern consists of a brownish-red ground color overlaid with blackish rings or netlike reticulations.

## Geographic range

Found in Central America in eastern Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. Also in South America in Pacific Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. The type locality given is "Costa Rica."

## Subspecies

| Subspecies | Taxon author | Common name | Geographic range |
| C. a. annulatus | (Cope, 1875) | northern annulated tree boa | |
| C. a. colombianus | (Rendahl & Vestergren, 1940) | Colombian annulated tree boa | |
# Avignonet massacre

The Avignonet massacre occurred on the eve of 28 May 1242 when a small force, mainly consisting of Cathars, massacred a group of inquisitors during the Albigensian Crusade.
Guillaume Arnaud and Etienne de Saint-Thibery, the chief inquisitors of the County of Toulouse were visiting Avignonet. Arnaud and Saint-Thibery were lodged at the castle of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse. The count's nephew, Raymond d'Alfaro sent a letter to Montsegur, where there were a number of prominent Cathars, including Pierre Roger. The letter informed Pierre Roger that the inquisitors were in Avignonet.
Pierre Roger set out for Avignonet with about 15 knights and 40 horse riding sergeants, which was about half of his Montsegur garrison. Pierre Roger stopped at the town of Gaja-la-Selve, taking up a reserve position while the others continued.
By nightfall, the raiders had arrived at Avignonet. A messenger continued to give them information about the activities of the inquisitors. Sympathetic locals opened the gates for the raiders and twelve knights and fifteen locals marched toward the castle. The raiders broke down the castle door and hacked the inquisitors to death. Eleven men died. The castle was then looted.
The massacre was celebrated by Cathars in short vernacular songs (coblas esparsas). Eventually, the French government decided to crack down on the Cathars, resulting in the Siege of Montségur from 1243 to 1244.

## Victims

The twelve victims at Avignonet were:
* William Arnaud, a Dominican, the inquisitor
* Stephen of Saint-Thibéry, a Franciscan, the assistant Inquisitor
* Garcia d'Aure, a Dominican lay brother
* Bernard de Roquefort, a Dominican
* Raymond Carbonier, the representative of the bishop
* Raymond Cortisan, an archdeacon
* Pierre d'Arnaud, a lay notary
* Fortanerius, a Franciscan
* Ademar, a monk of Chiusa
* two Benedictine monks
* the prior of Avignonet
They are recognized as martyrs by the Catholic Church and were beatified on 6 September 1866 by Pope Pius IX.
# Juddville, Wisconsin

Juddville is an unincorporated community in the town of Gibraltar, in Door County, United States. It is located along Wisconsin Highway 42 north of Egg Harbor. Road signs stating "Juddville unincorporated" were erected in 1973 due to local support for marking the area.

## Gallery

* Looking north at the Juddville sign
# Lemonjelly.ky

Lemonjelly.ky is the debut album by the British duo Lemon Jelly, released on 23 October 2000. It compiles all nine tracks originally released on the duo's first three limited edition EPs: The Bath, The Yellow and The Midnight, although minor changes were made for the album release.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 79/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | 8/10 |
| Pitchfork | 4.2/10 |
| Rolling Stone | |
Lemonjelly.ky received a score of 79 out of 100 based on nine reviews on review aggregator Metacritic, including "generally favorable reviews" from critics.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Fred Deakin and Nick Franglen
The recording details are in the EP articles:
* The Bath EP (1998)
* The Yellow EP (1999)
* The Midnight EP (2000)

## Usage

The Track "The Staunton Lick" was used in the last scene of the finale of the tv-series Spaced.
# Yugoslavia at the 1948 Summer Olympics

Athletes from the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England. Ninety competitors—79 men and 11 women—took part in 35 events in 8 sports.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Silver | Ivan Gubijan | Athletics | Men's Hammer Throw |
| Silver | Franjo Šoštarić Miroslav Brozović Branko Stanković Zlatko Čajkovski Aleksandar Atanacković Prvoslav Mihajlović Rajko Mitić Franjo Wölfl Stjepan Bobek Željko Čajkovski Ljubomir Lovrić Zvonimir Cimermančić Bernard Vukas Ivan Jazbinšek Ratko Kacian Frane Matošić Béla Pálfi Miodrag Jovanović Kosta Tomašević Josip Takač Božo Broketa Aleksandar Petrović | Football | Men's Team Competition |

## Athletics

Men's 400 metres
* Marko Račič
* Zvonko Sabolović
Men's 3000 metres steeplechase
* Petar Šegedin
* Đorđe Stefanović
Men's 4 × 400 metres relay
* Jerko Bulić
* Aleksandar Ćosić
* Marko Račič
* Zvonko Sabolović
Men's discus throw
* Danilo Žerjal
Men's javelin throw
* Dušan Vujačić
* Mirko Vujačić
Men's hammer throw
* Ivan Gubijan
Men's decathlon
* Davorin Marčelja
* Oto Rebula
Women's 100 metres
* Alma Butia
Women's 200 metres
* Alma Butia
Women's shot put
* Marija Radosavljević
Women's discus throw
* Julija Matej

## Cycling

Four male cyclists represented Yugoslavia in 1948.

### Individual road race

* Milan Poredski
* August Prosenik
* Aleksandar Strain
* Aleksandar Zorić

### Team road race

* Milan Poredski
* August Prosenik
* Aleksandar Strain
* Aleksandar Zorić

## Rowing

Yugoslavia had 21 male rowers participate in five out of seven rowing events in 1948.

### Men's single sculls

* Dragutin Petrovečki

### Men's coxed pair

* Vladeta Ristić
* Marko Horvatin
* Duško Ðorđević (cox; semi-final)
* Predrag Sarić (cox; round one)

### Men's coxless four

* Petar Ozretić
* Ivo Lipanović
* Mate Mojtić
* Klement Alujević

### Men's coxed four

* Šime Bujas
* Stipe Krnčević
* Jakov Labura
* Daniel Krnćević
* Duško Ðorđević (cox)

### Men's eight

* Mile Petrović
* Sreta Novičić
* Sveto Drenovac
* Branko Becić
* Ivan Telesmanić
* Karlo Pavlenć
* Slobodan Jovanović
* Bogdan Sirotanović
* Predrag Sarić (cox)
# Walter Boston

Walter James Boston (22 April 1874 – 30 December 1968) was an Australian politician.
He was born at Adelong, New South Wales, to Daniel Boston, a wheelwright and coachbuilder, and Eliza Berryman. He attended the local public school before entering the family coachmaking firm, Boston Brothers. On 14 May 1896 he married May Smith; they would have seven children. Boston was also a local agent for the Australian Workers' Union, and in 1913 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Wagga Wagga. He lost the seat in 1917. Boston died at Randwick in 1968.
# Hyposmocoma mimema

Hyposmocoma mimema is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui. The type locality is Haleakalā, where it was collected at an elevation of 4,000 to 5,000 feet (1,200 to 1,500 m).
# Et Hav av Avstand

Et Hav av Avstand is the eight full-length album by Norwegian black metal band Taake. It was released on 1 September 2023 and is the band's first studio album in six years.

## Recording and release

In 2022, Hoest entered Conclave Studio along with long-time producer Bjørnar Erevik Nilsen and recorded nearly 20 tracks for future Taake releases. In spring 2023, the album Et hav av Avstand was announced for a release in autumn of that year. Coinciding with the Beyond the Gates festival in Bergen, a listening party for the album with Hoest was held for fans at the Hellion bar on 3 August 2023. Et hav av Avstand was released on 1 September 2023 to good reviews from Norwegian and international critics.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Hoest.

## Personnel
### Taake

* Hoest – vocals, instruments

### Additional personnel

* Bjørnar E. Nilsen – producer, mixer
* Herbrand Larsen – mastering
* H'Grimnir – artwork
* Csaba Bende – photography
# County of Bar-sur-Seine

The county of Bar-sur-Seine was a compact lordship in France during the Middle Ages. Its seat, Bar-sur-Seine, lies on a Gallo-Roman site, but is only attested from the ninth century. It became of strategic importance in the twelfth century, as an urban centre and major castle on the road between Burgundy and Champagne.
The first clear evidence that Bar-sur-Seine was regarded as a county comes from the late eleventh century. The castle belonged to the counts of Tonnerre until it was inherited by Eustachia, daughter of Milo III of Tonnerre. She married Walter I, Count of Brienne, and he took to titling himself "Count of Brienne and Bar-sur-Seine". In 1085, their third son, Milo II, inherited both the castle of Bar and the title of count. It is only at this juncture that a distinct county of Bar-sur-Seine emerges.
Milo II was able to pass on the county undivided to his eldest son, Guy, in 1125 after his second son, Raynaud, entered the church and his third son, Herbert, married the heiress of the lordship of Ville-sur-Arce. Guy likewise passed on an undiminished county to his eldest son, Milo III. He died in 1151 only a year after his marriage to Agnes, heiress of Braine and Baudement. His heir was their only child, the infant Petronilla. Her uncle, Manasses, a cleric, ruled the county in her name until her marriage to Hugh of Le Puiset in 1168. Hugh ruled the county for the next twenty-one years, first in the name of his wife and from 1174 in the name of their son, Milo IV.
Initially, the county, like the castle, was a fief of the Bishop and Duke of Langres. Milo II and his successors entered the orbit of the counts of Champagne in part out of desire to distance themselves from the bishop, their overlord. In the 1170s under Hugh of Le Puiset the county transferred its fealty from the bishop to the count of Champagne. By 1201, under Milo IV, it was considered one of the "great fiefs" of Champagne.
The death of Milo IV and his only son, Gaucher, at the Siege of Damietta in 1219 sealed the county's fate. His widow, Helisent of Joigny, inherited the castle and her dower while the rest of the county went to Milo's nephews and nieces. Unusually, the county of Bar-sur-Seine was reassembled by Count Theobald IV of Champagne. He purchased the shares that went to Milo's relatives in 1223–24 and then those of Helisent and the community property in 1225. In 1227 he reorganized it as a castellany of the county of Champagne.

## List of counts

* Milo II (1085–1124)
* Guy (1125–1147)
* Milo III (1147–1151)
* Petronilla (1151–1174)
** Manasses (1151–1168)
** Hugh of Le Puiset (1168–1174)
* Milo IV (1174–1219)
** Hugh of Le Puiset (1174–1189)