OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vinnexin

Vinnexin is a transmembrane protein whose DNA code is held in a virus genome. When the virus genome is expressed in a cell the vinnexin gene from the virus is made into a functioning protein by the infected cell. The vinnexin protein is then incorporated into the host's cell membranes to alter the way the hosts cells communicate with each other. The altered communication aids the transmission and replication of the virus in complex ways. The communication structure that the vinnexin is involved in is the gap junction and vinnexin forms part of a wider family of proteins that are innexin homologues referred to as pannexins. So far Vinnexins have only been found in Adenovirus and the way they affect the functioning of innexins is being studied in great detail.

## Discovery

Vinnexin was first described in 2005 in an adenovirus as a gene homologue of an insect gap protein called innexin.
Vinnexins were shown to be used by the adenovirus to help Incheon wasps successfully inject their eggs into the caterpillars they parasitize.

## Structure

The ultrastructure of Vinnexin is yet to be studied in detail. As an innexin homologue that functions in a similar way to innexins vinnexins are likely to have four transmembrane segments (TMSs) and, like the vertebrate connexin gap junction protein, vinnexin subunits assemble together to form a channel in the plasma membrane of the cell.

## Function

Fundamentally vinnexins have been shown to behave like the native innexins in insects. They participate in gap junctions to form transmembrane communication channels. At a higher level vinnexins must differ sufficiently from native innexins to alter the way the caterpillar host cells behave. Without the virus with its vinnexin gene the egg of certain wasps would be rejected by the caterpillar and the egg would die. The virus and wasp are obligately associated.
While the virus genes are expressed in the caterpillar the viral DNA including the vinnexin gene does not replicate its genes there. Replication of the virus including the vennexin gene occurs in the ovaries of the wasp.

### Transport reaction

The transport reactions catalyzed by innexin gap junctions which are considered similar to vinnexins are:
    Small molecules (cell 1 cytoplasm) ⇌ small molecules (cell 2 cytoplasm)
Or for hemichannels:
    Small molecules (cell cytoplasm) ⇌ small molecules (out)
# Amir Zaki

Amir Zaki may refer to:
* Amir Zaki (artist) (born 1974), American artist
* Amr Zaki (born 1983), Egyptian footballer
* Aamir Zaki (1968–2017), Pakistani guitarist
# Koichiro Hirayama

Koichiro Hirayama (平山 紘一郎, Hirayama Kōichirō, born 9 September 1946) is a Japanese former wrestler who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Ada Finifter

Ada Weintraub Finifter (June 6, 1938—October 29, 2011) was an American political scientist. She specialized in American public opinion and voting behavior.

## Education and academic positions

Finifter was born in Brooklyn on June 6, 1938. Finifter graduated from Brooklyn College with a degree in political science in 1959, and then earned an MA at the University of Michigan.
Finifter then joined the political science faculty at Andrés Bello Catholic University as a member of the Peace Corps, working there for one year before returning to the United States and beginning a political science PhD at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. There she studied with J. Austin Ranney, obtaining her PhD in 1967. Finifter was hired as a political science professor at Michigan State University, becoming an Associate Professor in 1972 and a Professor in 1981. In 1978, Finifter was a visiting scholar at the Australian National University.

## Research

Finifter wrote several books, one of the most notable being Alienation and the Social System (1972). She also wrote an early text on personal computer use, Using the IBM Personal Computer: EasyWriter (1984). She edited several books as well, including The State of the Discipline (1983).
Finifter was the president of the Midwest Political Science Association in the year 1986–87. She was the editor of the American Political Science Review from March 1996 until December 2001.
# İspatlı, Alanya

İsbatlı (also: İspatlı) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Alanya, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 391 (2022).
# All-over painting

All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art, for instance a painting. This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called "drip" paintings of Jackson Pollock and the "automatic writing" or "abstract calligraphy" of Mark Tobey in the 1950s, though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that. "All-over painting" is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an "art movement." Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the "all-over" painting style. Such a painting would fail to treat the top, for instance, differently from the bottom; the left than the right. Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting. All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest, or any indication of which way is "up." Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them.
Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen.
# Byllion

Byllion may refer to:
* 10$^{12}$ (long-scale billion) in Nicolas Chuquet's nomenclature, see Names of large numbers#Origins of the "standard dictionary numbers"
* 10$^{16}$ in Donald Knuth's -yllion nomenclature
# John G. Rand

John Goffe Rand (27 January 1801–23 January 1873) was an American painter and inventor. He lived and worked in Boston, London, and New York. Rand invented and patented the first collapsible artist's paint tube.
The tin tube allowed unused oil paint to be stored and used later without drying out. In 1841, Rand patented the invention with the United States Patent Office (Sept 11, 1841 Patent No. 2,252). He went on to patent several later improvements.
Jean Renoir, son of the Impressionist painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir, states that his father once said “Without paints in tubes, there would have been no Cézanne, no Monet, no Sisley or Pissaro, nothing of what the journalists were later to call Impressionism.” Art historian Anthea Callen has argued, however, that Impressionism "cannot be attributed simply to the ready portability" of paint.
Other later inventions by Rand were not as widely received, and most of his ideas were not financially successful.
He was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York.
# Thricolepis inornata

Thricolepis inornata is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# List of rulers and officers of Galway 1230–1485

This is a list of the rulers and officers of Galway, Ireland from 1230 to 1485.

## List

| Year | Name | Office |
| 1270 | Thomas de Lynch | Provost |
| 1272–1275 | Stephen Annery | Collector of the Murage |
| 1272–1275 | Adam Albus | Collector of the Murage |
| 1278–1280 | Robert Bayon | Collector of the Murage |
| 1280 | William O'Ciorovane | Sovereign. |
| 1306 | Cruchus Delaps | Farmer of the New Customs |
| 1306 | Simon Long | Collector of the Customs |
| 1306 | Thomas Sage | Collector of the Customs |
| 1306–1307 | Thomas Dolfyn | Collector of the Customs |
| 1310 | Andrew Gerard of Florence | Keeper of the Customs |
| 1312 | Nicholas Mor Lynch, the Black Marshall | Marshal |
| 1353 | Stepehn Penrise | Provost |
| 1353+ | Stepehn Penrise | Bailiff & Collector of the New Customs |
| 1375 | Bishop Stephen de Valle | Collector of the Customs of the Port |
| 1376–1377 | Nicholas Calf | Deputy Collector of the Customs of the Port |
| 1378 | Richard Scared | Provost |
| ?–1385 | Thomas Alwyne | Seneschal and Receiver |
| 1434 | Edmund Lynch | Sovereign |
| 1443 | Edmund Lynch | Sovereign |
| 1443 | Robert Lynch | Provost |
| 1443–1444 | Henry Lynch, ditto. Robert Lynch, ditto. Thomas O'Tyernay | Bailiff |
| 1445 | Thomas O'Tyernay | Bailiff |
| 1448 | William Allen, alias Den | Provost |
| 1460 | William Dubh Lynch fitz James | |
| 1461 | William Develin | Sovereign |
| 1462 | William Oge Allen, alias Den | Sovereign |
| 1476 | Thomas Lynch | |
| 1483–1484 | William Lynch | Sovereign |
| 1484–1485 | William Lynch | Sovereign |
| 1484–1485 | John Lynch fitz Edmond | Provost |
# Villa María and Rufino Railway

vteVilla María - Rufino :
Legend :
The Villa María and Rufino Railway (VM&RR) (native name: Ferrocarril Villa María a Rufino) was a British-owned company that, towards the end of the 19th century, built and operated a broad gauge, 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), railway line in Argentina.

## History

The VM&RR was granted a concession on 15 August 1887 to construct a 227 km line between Villa María in Córdoba Province, on the Central Argentine Railway (CAR), and Rufino in Santa Fe Province, on the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway (BA&P). The section between Villa María and La Carlota was opened on 26 October 1890 and from La Carlota to Rufino on 23 March 1891.
The line passed through the developing grain zone, which lay between the main lines operated by the BA&P and the CAR, and became a valuable feeder for the former railway. At that time the VM&R provided farmers situated along its route with their only direct access to the port and market of Buenos Aires.
Because of their common interests the VM&RR and the BA&P forged close links until finally, in 1900, the BA&P took over the VM&R.
# 1947 Stanford Indians football team

The 1947 Stanford Indians football team was an American football team that represented Stanford University in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1947 college football season. In its third year under head coach Marchmont Schwartz, the team compiled a 0–9 record, finished last in the PCC, and was outscored by a total of 214 to 73.
The 1947 season was one of two winless season in the history of Stanford football (the other was the 1960 season).
Stanford was ranked at No. 70 (out of 500 college football teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1947.
The team played its home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | Idaho | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 16–19 | 15,000 |
| October 4 | at Michigan* | Michigan StadiumAnn Arbor, MI | L 13–49 | 66,100 |
| October 11 | Santa Clara* | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 7–13 | 25,000 |
| October 18 | No. 19 UCLA | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 6–39 | 25,000 |
| October 25 | at Washington | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA | L 0–25 | 32,000 |
| November 1 | Oregon State | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 7–13 | 9,000 |
| November 8 | at No. 5 USC | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA (rivalry) | L 0–14 | 59,749 |
| November 15 | Oregon | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 6–21 | 12,000 |
| November 22 | No. 9 California | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (Big Game) | L 18–21 | 82,000 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||

## Players drafted by the NFL

| Player | Position | Round | Pick | NFL club |
| George Quist | Back | 2 | 13 | Detroit Lions |
| Bob Anderson | Back | 9 | 68 | Washington Redskins |
| Pinky Phleger | Tackle | 12 | 100 | Los Angeles Rams |
# Von Berg

von Berg in aristocratic German name hailing from the Duchy of Berg. It may refer to:
* Rulers of the Duchy of Berg
* Bruno II von Berg (c. 1100–1137), Archbishop of Cologne
* Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg (1800–1874), German forestry scientist
* Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg (1793–1874) Governor-General of Finland, Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland
* Henning von Berg (born 10 June 1961), German photographer
* Karoline Friederike von Berg (1760–1826), German salonist and lady in waiting
* Marquard von Berg (1528–1591), Prince-Bishop of Augsburg
* Otto II (bishop of Freising) (died 17 March 1220), sometimes called Otto von Berg, Bishop of Freising
* Scott von Berg (born 2 February 2 1969), American Actor, Blogger, and Programmer.
* Shaun von Berg (born 16 September 1986), South African cricketer.
* Wilfred Clement Von Berg (1894–1978), British architect
* Dr Gunther Heinrich Baron von Berg (1765–1843) Legislator, Statesman, Privy Councillor.
* Karl Heinrich Ernst Baron von Berg (1810–1894) Minister of State Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
* Gustav Hans Dietrich Baron von Berg (1853–1908) Maj Gen Prussia. Commander 2nd Infantry Brigade.
* Gunther Hans Dietrich Baron von Berg (1841–1917) Forest Master Alsace Lorraine.
# Huke

Huke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kirsti Huke (born 1977), Norwegian musician and composer
* Michael Huke (born 1969), German sprinter
* Sebastian Huke (born 1989), German footballer
* Shane Huke (born 1985), English footballer
* Te Huke (born c. 1700), former king of Easter Island
# Beibuschbach

Beibuschbach is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Laufach in the village Laufach.
# John G. Ralston

John G. Ralston was an American architect who worked out of Waterloo, Iowa. A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places for their architecture.
Works include (with attribution):
* Waterloo Public Library (West Branch) (1906), 528 W. 4th St., Waterloo, Iowa (Ralston, J. G.), NRHP-listed
* Waterloo Public Library-East Side Branch (1906), 626 Mulberry St., Waterloo, (Ralston, John G.), NRHP-listed
* Adams-Higgins House (1911 remodelling), 1215 N. Grand Ave. Spencer, Iowa (Ralston, J. G.), NRHP-listed
* Black Hawk Hotel (1914 redesign), 115-119 Main St. Cedar Falls, Iowa (Ralston, John G.), NRHP-listed
* Black Hawk County Soldiers Memorial Hall (1916), 194 W. Fifth St., Waterloo, (Ralston, John G.), NRHP-listed
* Cattle Congress Hippodrome (now The Hippodrome), Waterloo
* Chickasaw County Courthouse, Prospect St. at Locust Ave. New Hampton, Iowa (Ralston & Ralston), NRHP-listed
* Chickasaw County Home in New Hampton, Iowa
* Downey School, 212 Broadway St. Downey, Iowa (Ralston, J.G.), NRHP-listed
* Emerson School, 314 Randolph St. Waterloo, (Ralston, John G.), NRHP-listed
* Fayette County Courthouse, Pine St. West Union, Iowa (Ralston, J.G.), NRHP-listed
* Fire Station No. 2, 716 Commercial St., Waterloo, (Ralston, John G.), NRHP-listed
* Clement B. Gingrich House, 300 Walnut St. La Porte City, Iowa (Ralston, J.G.), NRHP-listed
* Hand County Courthouse and Jail, 415 W. First Ave. Miller, South Dakota (Ralston, John G.), NRHP-listed
* Kingsley Elementary School, Waterloo
* Sumner High School, 300 West 4th Sumner, Iowa (Murphy and Ralston), NRHP-listed
* Henry Weis House, 800 W. Fourth St., Waterloo, (Murphy & Ralston), NRHP-listed
* Western Old People's Home
* Whittier School, 1500 Third St. W., Waterloo, (Ralston, John G.), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in the Waterloo East Commercial Historic District
# Dougal McNeill

Dougal Shelton McNeill is a New Zealand academic and as of 2021 is a senior lecturer in the English Department at the Victoria University of Wellington.

## Academic career

After a 2008 PhD titled Forecasts of the past: globalisation, history and contemporary realism at the University of Melbourne, McNeill worked at Sophia University, Tokyo Woman's Christian University and the University of Melbourne. before moving to the Victoria University of Wellington, rising to senior lecturer.
In 2015, he called a visit to Victoria University of Wellington by Israeli soldiers "a propaganda project".
McNeill is involved in the Tertiary Education Union.

## Books

McNeill's books include:
* McNeill, Dougal (2005). The many lives of Galileo : Brecht, theatre and translation's political unconscious. Oxford: P. Lang. ISBN 3-03910-536-1. OCLC 61178224.
* McNeill, Dougal (2012). Forecasts of the past : globalisation, history, realism, utopia. Oxford: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-0353-0339-1. OCLC 813844953.
* Ferrall, Charles (2015). Writing the 1926 General Strike : literature, culture, politics. Dougal McNeill. New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-1-107-10003-9. OCLC 894670692.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* British Literature in Transition, 1920–1940: Futility and Anarchy (edited with Charles Ferrall, Cambridge University Press, 2018)
# Villa María metro station

Villa María is a Lima and Callao Metro station on Line 1. The station is located between Pumacahua and María Auxiliadora. It was inaugurated on 28 April 1990 as part of the first section of the line between Villa El Salvador and Atocongo. However, commercial service only started on 18 January 2003, was suspended in July 2003 due to the lack of funds, and resumed only on Saturdays and Sundays on 17 January 2004. The full revenue service started on 3 January 2012, with trains running to Miguel Grau.
# American Telugu Association

American Telugu Association (ATA) is a non-profit organization of Telugu people living in North America.
The primary purpose of the association is to assist and promote literary, cultural, religious, social, educational, economic, health and community activities of the people of Telugu origin as well as to promoting exchange programs for students, scientists, and professionals of Telugu origin between the United States of America, Canada, India and other countries.
# Superbird-A1

Superbird-A1, also identified as Superbird-1A before launch, was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Ford Aerospace (now Space Systems/Loral) on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by Space Communications Corporation (SCC), which later merged into the SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It had a mixed Ku-band and Ka-band payload and operated on the 158° East longitude.
It was ordered in 1985 along Superbird-B, Superbird-A1 and Superbird-B1 on the very first order of the SSL 1300 platform.

## Satellite description

The spacecraft was the fourth satellite designed and manufactured by Ford Aerospace on the SSL 1300 satellite bus. It was based on the design of the Intelsat V series and offered a three-axis stabilized platform.
It had a launch mass of 2,780 kg (6,130 lb) and a 10-year design life. When stowed for launch, its dimensions were 2.41 m × 2.58 m × 2.20 m (7 ft 11 in × 8 ft 6 in × 7 ft 3 in). With its solar panels fully extended it spanned 20.3 m (67 ft). Its power system generated approximately 4 kW of power due to two wings with three solar panels each. It also a NiH$_2$ battery to survive the solar eclipses. It would serve as the main satellite on the 158°E longitude position of the Superbird.
Its propulsion system included an R-4D-11 liquid apogee engine (LAE) with a thrust of 490 N (110 lb$_f$). It included enough propellant for orbit circularization and 10 years of operation.
Its payload is composed of 14 Ku-band plus 30 Ka-band transponders.

## History

Space Communications Corporation (SCC) was founded in 1985, the same year as the original companies that later formed JSAT. On 1986 SCC ordered four spacecraft, Superbird-1, Superbird-2, Superbird-A1 and Superbird-B1 from Ford Aerospace, which became Space Systems/Loral in October 1990.
On 1 December 1992 at 22:48:00 UTC Superbird-A1, was launched aboard an Ariane 42P. It was injected into a 192 km × 35,990 km × 7° geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), from which it climbed through three liquid apogee engine (LEA) firings. It was positioned in its 158° East longitude position where it was integrated to the Superbird communication network.
# Von Behren

Von Behren is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frank von Behren (born 1976), German team handball player
* Annie Von Behren (1857–1882), American stage actress
* David von Behren (born 1994), American organist and academic
# Yahya bin Muhammad as-Siraji

Yahya bin Muhammad as-Siraji (died 1296) was an imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen who held the imamate in 1261–1262.
At this time, most of Yemen was under the control of the Rasulid Dynasty which was Sunni Muslim and based in the lowland. In the northern parts of the highland, members of the Zaidi elite tried to maintain a position. One of them was Yahya bin Muhammad as-Siraji, a 16th-generation descendant of the Twelver imam Hasan bin Ali (d. 669). Yahya performed the da'wa (summoning for the imamate) in 1261. The majority of the population in Hadur and surrounding districts acknowledged him. However, the Rasulids were on the alert and sent the redoubtable emir Alam ad-Din Sinjar al-Sha'bi with a force, "springing upon him like a cat." The Zaidis were unable to withstand the incursion and Yahya's followers scattered to distant places. Alam ad-Din then returned to San'a. Imam Yahya traveled to the land of Banu Fahim; however, the locals took him in custody and turned him over to Alam ad-Din. The emir blinded him in October 1262. His reign as imam is sometimes counted until 1271, though there seem to be no records of his activities in the intervening years. His death is recorded in 1296.
# William Atkins

William, Bill or Billy Atkins may refer to:
* William Atkins (doctor) (fl. 1694), English quack and supposed curer of gout
* William Atkins (Jesuit) (1601–1681), English Jesuit
* William Atkins (architect) (1811–1887), Irish architect
* William Atkins (priest) (died 1892), Dean of Ferns
* William Atkins (Australian politician) (1836–1920), Australian politician
* William Sydney Atkins (1902–1989), founder of Atkins, engineering consultants
* Billy Atkins (American football) (1934–1991), American football player and coach
* Bill Atkins (cricketer) (born 1938), former English cricketer
* Bill Atkins (footballer) (born 1939), former professional footballer
* Bill Atkins (Georgia politician) (born 1933), American politician
* William Atkins (author), winner of 2016 Eccles Centre & Hay Festival Writer's Award
# Berengrave Chalk Pit

Berengrave Chalk Pit is a 12.77-hectare (31.6-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Rainham in Kent. It is owned and managed by Medway Council.
There is a small lake in a disused chalk pit, and other habitats are scrub, woodland and reedbeds, which flood an area of willow carr.
There is access from Berengrave Lane.