OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# World Cities Day

World Cities Day is an annual United Nations observance day held on 31 October. The global observance, first held in 2014, is organized by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) in coordination with each year's selected host city.

## History

World Cities Day was established on 27 December 2013 by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution A/RES/68/239, in which the General Assembly "decides to designate 31 October, beginning in 2014, as World Cities Day, invites States, the United Nations system, in particular UN-Habitat, relevant international organizations, civil society and all relevant stakeholders to observe and raise awareness of the Day". The first World Cities Day was held in October 2014.
A legacy of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, World Cities Day aims to promote the international community's interest in global urbanization, push forward cooperation among countries in meeting opportunities and addressing challenges of urbanization, and contributing to sustainable urban development around the world. The observance day ties in with Sustainable Development Goal 11, to make cities "inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable".
The general theme of World Cities Day is Better City, Better Life, while each year a different sub-theme and a location for its global observance is selected, to either promote successes of urbanization, or address specific challenges resulting from urbanization.

## Previous World Cities Days

| Year | Sub-Theme | Venue | Host |
| 2024 | Youth leading climate and local action for cities | Alexandria, Egypt | H.E. Dr. Mostafa Madbouly, Prime Minister of the Arab Republic of Egypt |
| 2023 | Financing sustainable urban future for all | Üsküdar, Turkey | Hilmi Türkmen, Mayor of Üsküdar |
| 2022 | Act Local to Go Global | Shanghai, China | Ni Hong, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China |
| 2021 | Adapting Cities for Climate Resilience | Luxor, Arab Republic of Egypt | H.E. Dr. Mostafa Madbouly, Prime Minister of the Arab Republic of Egypt |
| 2020 | Valuing our communities and cities | Nakuru, Kenya | James Wainaina Macharia, representing the Government of the Republic of Kenya, Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Development and Public Works |
| 2019 | Changing the world: innovations and better life for future generations | Yekaterinburg, Russia | Aleksandr Vysokinskiy, Mayor of Ekaterinburg |
| 2018 | Building Sustainable and Resilient Cities | Liverpool, United Kingdom | Joe Anderson, Mayor of Liverpool |
| 2017 | Innovative Governance, Open Cities | Guangzhou, China | Wang Menghui, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China |
| 2016 | Inclusive Cities, Shared Development | Quito, Ecuador | Mauricio Rodas Espinel, Mayor of Quito |
| 2015 | Designed to live together | Milan, Italy | Giuliano Pisapia, Mayor of Milan |
| 2014 | Leading Urban Transformations | Shanghai, China | Chen Zhenggao, former Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |
# Group of 22

The Group of 22 (G22 or Willard Group) was announced by the leaders of APEC (Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation) in 1997. The intention was to convene a number of meetings between finance ministers and central bank governors to make proposals on reform of the global financial system. The Group of 22 comprised members of the then-G8 (which became the G7—without Russia—in 2014) and 14 other countries. It first met in 1998 in Washington, D.C., US, to consider the stability of the international financial system and capital markets. In 1999, it was superseded by the Group of 33, which itself was superseded by the Group of 20 (G-20) later that year.
Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand were members of the G22, but are not members of the G20. The European Union, Turkey and Saudi Arabia are members of the G20, but were not members of the G22. Poland was a member of the G22, but is only represented in the G20 through the EU seat.

## Members

G8 Nations:
* Canada
* France
* Germany
* Italy
* Japan
* Russia
* United Kingdom
* United States
Other 14 nations or regions:
* Argentina
* Australia
* Brazil
* China
* Hong Kong
* India
* Indonesia
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* Poland
* Singapore
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Thailand
# Alain Duhamel

Alain Maurice Jacques Duhamel (French pronunciation:; born 31 May 1940) is a prominent French journalist and political commentator.
In 1963, Duhamel started working at Le Monde. He started giving talks on Europe 1 from 1974. He has also written in Libération since 1992, and in Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace.
Duhamel has also hosted several television political broadcasts: À armes égales from 1970, Cartes sur table on Antenne 2 from 1978, succeeded by L'Heure de vérité, and eventually 100 minutes pour convaincre from 2002, as well as Question Ouverte. During the French presidential election of 1995, Duhamel, along with fellow journalist Guillaume Durand, hosted the television debate between Jacques Chirac and Lionel Jospin.
Duhamel has also worked with RTL from 1999.
In 2006, Duhamel published Les Prétendants 2007, listing 20 likely contendants of the French presidential election of 2007, and notably ignoring Ségolène Royal. Duhamel persisted in denying that Royal was a likely contendant, even as she rose in popularity. He eventually included a chapter on the pocket edition of the book.
On November 27, 2006, during a talk at Sciences Po, Duhamel stated his intention to vote for François Bayrou. A video of the event was released on Dailymotion, and Duhamel was suspended from his activities at France 2 and RTL until the end of the campaign.
In 2009, Duhamel released La Marche Consultaire, a book which made comparisons between Nicolas Sarkozy and Napoleon.
# Dicranograptidae

Dicranograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites.

## Genera

List of genera from Maletz (2014):

### Subfamily Dicranograptinae

* †Aclistograptus Ge, 2002 in Mu et al. (2002)
* †Amphigraptus Lapworth, 1873
* †Cladograpsus Emmons, 1855
* †Cladograpsus Carruthers, 1858
* †Clematograptus Hopkinson, 1875 in Hopkinson & Lapworth (1875)
* †Deflexigraptus Mu, 2002 in Mu et al. (2002)
* †Dicaulograptus Rickards & Bulman, 1965
* †Dicellograpsus Hopkinson, 1871
* †Diceratograptus Mu, 1963
* †Dicranograptus Hall, 1865
* †Incumbograptus Ge, 2002 in Mu et al. (2002)
* †Jiangxigraptus Yu & Fang, 1966
* †Leptograptus Lapworth, 1873
* †Ningxiagraptus Ge, 2002 in Mu et al. (2002)
* †Pseudazygograptus Mu, Lee & Geh, 1960
* †Syndyograptus Ruedemann, 1908
* †Tangyagraptus Mu, 1963

### Subfamily Nemagraptinae

* †Coenograptus Hall, 1868
* †Geitonograptus Obut & Zubtzov, 1964
* †Helicograpsus Nicholson, 1868
* †Nemagrapsus Emmons, 1855
* †Ordosograptus Lin, 1980
* †Pleurograpsus Nicholson, 1867
* †Stephanograptus Geinitz, 1866
# Kaschenbach

Kaschenbach is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.
# Joseph Binette

Joseph Binette (May 1, 1861 – January 19, 1950) was an Ontario farmer, businessman and political figure. He represented Prescott in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1922 to 1925.
He was born in St. Eugene, Canada West in 1861, the son of Joseph Binette and Flavie Bissonnette. He married Palmyre Lavigne in 1887. He operated a farm and was a hay and grain dealer at Sainte-Anne-de-Prescott. Binette served on the township council for four years and was reeve for East Hawkesbury Township for 15 years. He was elected as a Progressive in 1921 but joined the Liberal caucus in the House of Commons in 1922.
He died in Sainte-Anne-de-Prescott at the age of 88.
vte1921 Canadian federal election: Prescott :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive | Joseph Binette | 3,661 |
| Independent Liberal | Edmond Proulx | 2,764 |
| Liberal | Amédée Sabourin | 2,359 |
# Thulium(III) telluride

Thulium(III) telluride is an inorganic compound, one of the tellurides of thulium, with the chemical formula Tm$_2$Te$_3$. It is an orthorhombic crystal with space group Fddd. It can dissolve in lead telluride at high temperatures to form a solid solution.
# Jamanxim River

The Jamanxim River is a river of Pará state in north-central Brazil. Originating in the Serra do Cachimbo, it is a tributary of the Tapajós, into which it flows a few kilometers upstream from Itaituba.

## Course

The river flows through the Tapajós-Xingu moist forests ecoregion. It flows through the Itaituba I National Forest, a 220,639 hectares (545,210 acres) sustainable use conservation area established in 1998. The river basin also contains part of the 538,151 hectares (1,329,800 acres) Rio Novo National Park, a conservation unit created in 2006.

## Hydroelectric potential

Its hydroelectric potential, along with that of the Tapajós, was assessed by Eletronorte (Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S.A.), the regional power authority, identifying nine potential dam sites, including four along the Jamanxim. at Cachoeira dos Patos, (estimated at 28 MW); Cachoeira do Caí, (estimated at 802 MW); at Jardim do Ouro and at Jamanxim (estimated at 881 MW). If all were constructed, these dams would flood a total of 103,700 ha, including 33,216 ha of the Jamanxim National Park and 25,849 ha of the Jamanxim, Itaituba I, Itaituba II and Altamira national forests.
# Zug Island (film)

Zug Island is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Nicolas Lachapelle and released in 2022. The film centres on an investigation by Tiago McNicoll Castro Lopes of the mysterious "Windsor Hum" that plagued residents of the Detroit-Windsor region for many years, and depicts the larger industrial devastation in and around the hum's presumed source on Zug Island.
The film premiered at the 2022 Montreal International Documentary Festival.

## Awards

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| DOXA Documentary Film Festival | 2023 | Short Documentary Award | Nicolas Lachapelle | Honored |
| Prix Iris | December 10, 2023 | Best Short Documentary | Nicolas Lachapelle, Guillaume Collin | Nominated |
| Canadian Screen Awards | May 2024 | Best Short Documentary | Nicolas Lachapelle | Nominated |
# Group medical practice in the United States

Group medical practices practice medicine by physicians who share resources.
There are approximately 230,187 physician practices in the United States. Among the physician practices, 16.5% had only one office-based physician in 2016. Physician group practices with 2-4 physicians make up 22.3% of physician offices in the United States, 19.8% have 5-10 physicians, 12.1% have 11-24 physicians, 6.3% have 25–49, and the remaining 13.5% have 50 or more physicians.
In recent years, many small or solo practitioners have come together to form larger specialty groups because of managed care.

## Formal definition

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) changed the definition of "group practice" in its 2012 physician fee schedule to mean 25 or more eligible professionals in the same practice.
# Al Escudero

Al Escudero (born c. 1966) is a computer game designer.

## Career

Escudero is mostly self-taught in computers and gaming. He ran a bulletin board system, Castle Amber, beginning in 1986. In the early 1990s Escudero and Kris Hatlelid co-wrote The Majic Realm, a game played primarily through a bulletin board system that they owned, ICE Online, based in Burnaby, Canada.

## Games

* Deathlord (1987)
* Dungeon Masters Assistant Volume 2: Characters & Treasures (1991)
* Renegade Legion: Interceptor (1991)
* Spelljammer: Pirates of Realmspace (1992)
* Dark Sun: Shattered Lands (1993)
* Al-Qadim: The Genie's Curse (1994)
* 007: Nightfire (2002)
* 007: Agent Under Fire (2002)
* 007: Everything or Nothing (2004)
* The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (2005)
* Dungeon Siege: Throne of Agony (2006)
# Diego Sanjuanbenito

Diego Sanjuanbenito Bonal (born 11 March 1978) is a Spanish politician belonging from the People's Party (PP).

## Biography

Born 11 March 1978 in Madrid. A childhood buddy of the oldest son of the Aznar-Botella family, he developed a lasting bond to the family. He became a member of the New Generations of the People's Party when he was 19 years old. Graduated in Political and Administration Sciences at the Complutense University of Madrid, he worked as assistant to Santiago Fisas.
He ran 39th in the PP list for the 2007 Madrid City Council election, to no success. He was however appointed as Chief of Staff of Ana Botella in 2010, when she was the Delegate of Environment of the Madrid Municipal Government, entering the politics of the City Council. He ran 35th in the PP list for the 2011 municipal election in Madrid, but he was not elected either this time. Nonetheless, he became member of the city council in the 2011–2015 term, as he replaced on 17 January 2012 the vacant seat left by Pilar Martínez. A close collaborator of Botella, who had become Mayor in December 2011 (to the point Sanjuabenito was considered "shadow Vice Mayor"), Sanjuanbenito became the Delegate of Environment and Mobility of the municipal government on 10 May 2013, replacing Juan Antonio Gómez-Angulo, as the Constitutional Court had ruled against the designation as members of the government board of individuals not elected to the city council (as it was the case of Gómez-Angulo), declaring the appointments void.
Tentatively intended to run 62nd in the PP list for the 2015 Madrilenian regional election, his position was ultimately upgraded to the 51st place of the list, at the expense of Tomás Serrano. He was not elected either. He became a member of the 10th term of the Assembly of Madrid on 9 July 2015, replacing the vacant seat of José Tortosa de la Iglesia. He left his seat in the regional legislature on 23 November 2016, following his appointment as Director-General of Environment of the regional government. Following the investiture of Ángel Garrido as president of the Community of Madrid in May 2018, Sanjuanbenito was appointed as Vice-Minister of Humanization of Healthcare Assistance.
In 2018 he was sentenced to pay 2,8 million €, as he was found direct responsible (along other PP former councillors) of selling 1,860 dwellings under the market price to two Vulture funds linked to Blackstone in 2013, when he was councillor and member of the board of the Empresa Municipal de Vivienda y Suelo.
# Karl Jelinek

Karl Jelinek (23 April 1822 in Brünn – 19 October 1876 in Vienna) was an Austrian physicist and meteorologist.

## Biography

From 1839 to 1843 he studied law at the University of Vienna, where he also attended lectures given by mathematician Joseph Petzval, physicist Andreas von Ettingshausen and astronomer Joseph Johann Littrow. After graduation, he worked as an assistant at observatories in Vienna (1843–47) and Prague (1847–52). In 1852 he was named a professor of mathematics at the Polytechnic Institute in Prague, and in 1863, succeeded Karl Kreil as director of the Centralanstalt für Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus (Central Institute for Meteorology and Geomagnetism) in Vienna. From 1863, he also served as a professor of physics at the University of Vienna.
In 1865 he founded the Österreichische Gesellschaft für Meteorologie (Austrian Society of Meteorology), of which, with Julius von Hann, he was editor of the organization's Zeitschrift (magazine).

## Selected writings

* Beiträge zur construction selbstregistrirender meteorologischer apparate, 1850 – Contributions to the construction of self-registering meteorological instruments.
* Psychrometer-Tafeln für das hunderttheilige Thermometer, 1876 – Psychrometer tables for the centigrade thermometer.
* Über den jährlichen Gang der Temperatur und des Luftdruckes in Österreich und an einigen benachbarten Stationen, 1867 – On the daily changes in temperature according to the observations of meteorological stations in Austria.
* Jelinek's anleitung zur ausführung meteorologischer beobachtungen nebst einer sammlung von hilfstafeln, 1884 (with Julius von Hann) – Jelinek's guide to accomplishing meteorological observations.
# Billet (disambiguation)

A billet is the place where a person is assigned to sleep.
Billet may also refer to:
* Billet (semi-finished product), a semi-finished cast or rolled metal product
* Billet (tack), the straps on an English saddle to which the girth is buckled
* Bar stock or billet, in metalworking, a semi-finished product which is usually milled or lathed into a more finished product
* Billet (wood), a piece of timber prepared to be split
* Billet (heraldry), a rectangular charge (shape) on a coat of arms

## People with the surname

* Julia Billet (born 1962), French author and poet
# Thulium-170

Thulium-170 ($^{170}$Tm or Tm-170) is a radioactive isotope of thulium proposed for use in radiotherapy and in radioisotope thermoelectric generators.

## Properties

Thulium-170 has a binding energy of 8105.5144(43) keV per nucleon and a half-life of 128.6±0.3 d. It decays by β$^−$ decay to $^{170}$Yb about 99.869% of the time, and by electron capture to $^{170}$Er about 0.131% of the time. About 18.1% of β$^−$ decays populate a narrow excited state of $^{170}$Yb at 84.25474(8) keV (t$_{1/2}$ = 1.61 ± 0.02 ns), and this is the main X-ray emission from $^{170}$Tm; lower bands are also produced through X-ray fluorescence at 7.42, 51.354, 52.389, 59.159, 59.383, and 60.962 keV.
The ground state of thulium-170 has a spin of 1$^−$. The charge radius is 5.2303(36) fm, the magnetic moment is 0.2458(17) μ$_N$, and the electric quadrupole moment is 0.72(5) e⋅b.

## Proposed applications

As a rare-earth element, thulium-170 can be used as the pure metal or thulium hydride, but most commonly thulium oxide due to the refractory properties of that compound. The isotope can be prepared in a medium-strength reactor by neutron irradiation of natural thulium, which has a high neutron capture cross section of 103 barns.

### Medicine

In 1953, the Atomic Energy Research Establishment introduced thulium-170 as a candidate for radiography in medical and steelmaking contexts, but this was deemed unsuitable due to the predominant high-energy bremsstrahlung radiation, poor results on thin specimens, and long exposure times. However, $^{170}$Tm has been proposed for radiotherapy because the isotope is simple to prepare into a biocompatible form, and the low-energy radiation can selectively irradiate diseased tissue without causing collateral damage.

### Radiothermal generator

As the oxide (Tm$_2$O$_3$), thulium-170 has been proposed as a radiothermal source due to it being safer, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly than commonly used isotopes such as plutonium-238. The heat output from a $^{170}$Tm source is initially much greater than from a $^{238}$Pu source relative to mass, but it declines rapidly due to its shorter half-life.
# Circle the Drain

Circle the Drain or Circling the Drain may refer to:
* Circling the Drain, a 1999 compilation of short stories by Amanda Davis
* "Circling the Drain", a song from the 2004 Fucked Up album Epics in Minutes
* Circling the Drain, a working title (c. 2004) for the television series House
* "Circle the Drain" (Katy Perry song), 2010
* "Circle the Drain" (Soccer Mommy song), 2020
* "Circle the Drain", a song by 36 Crazyfists on the 2002 album Bitterness the Star
* "Circle the Drain", a song by Wage War on the 2021 album Manic
# Automobile Museum Reims-Champagne

Musée Automobile Reims-Champagne, (Reims Automobile Museum), is a motor museum located in Reims. It was founded in 1985 to house the collection of Philippe Charbonneaux.

## Description

The museum was founded in 1985 to house the collection of Philippe Charbonneaux. The premises at 84 Avenue Georges Clémenceau, 51100 Reims, house the fifth largest vehicle collection in France, with 230 cars and motor bikes dating from 1908.

## The collection
### Cars

The collection includes: Amilcar, Berliet, Chenard-Walcker, CIME, Citroën, DB, De Dion-Bouton, Delage, Delahaye, Panhard, Peugeot, Renault, Salmson, Simca and Talbot.

### Motorcycles

The motorcycle collection includes: BSA, Condor, Gillet, Monet-Goyon, Motobécane, Norton, NSU, Soyer, Terrot, and Triumph.

### Toys

Sections of the museum are devoted to toys and pedal-cars.

## Administration

The museum is currently managed by an association of collectors.
# Delta, Kentucky

Delta is an unincorporated community in Wayne County, Kentucky, United States.
A post office was established in 1906 and named for the first postmaster's daughter-in-law, Delta Casada Hammond.
# Zhenxiang

Zhenxiang may refer to:
* Zhenxiang, Heilongjiang (祯祥), a town in Qinggang County, Heilongjiang, China
* Angel's Dream, a 2000 Singaporean TV series
* The Other Truth, a 2011 Hong Kong TV series
# Stainztal

Stainztal is a former municipality in the district of Deutschlandsberg in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Stainz.
# Worshipful Company of Furniture Makers

The Worshipful Company of Furniture Makers referred to as The Furniture Makers' Company, is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. The organisation was formed in 1952, and was granted Livery status by the City in 1963 being the 83rd in order of precedence. Its church is St Mary-le-Bow
The Furniture Makers' Company is the British furnishing industry's central organisation, charity and patron.

## History

The Furniture Makers' Company was formed originally as a guild in 1952 before being established as the 83rd livery company of the City of London in 1963. Their charity however was established over 100 years ago as the Furnishing Trades Benevolent Association (FTBA), later known as the Furnishing Industry Trust (FIT), dedicated to helping people in the furnishing industry in times of hardship. The Furniture Makers’ Company merged with FIT in 2013.
In 2007 the company acquired the freehold of 12 Austin Friars - Furniture Makers' Hall. Austin Friar has subsequently become the name of their main publication. The Furniture Makers' Hall was built in 1882 and still has many of the original Victorian features from when it was built, as well as bespoke wood furniture and fittings, including an ornate oak staircase running through the centre of the building. The Hall was purchased outright in 2007 and has been refurbished to create a venue for membership events.

## The Role of the Company

Members of the Company, liverymen and freemen, come from many disciplines and professions, but all have a common link by being currently or previously engaged in or with the furniture and furnishings industry. This gives the Company “closed” status and ensures its activities are relevant to, and supportive of, the industry.
The Company is active in three main areas - education, excellence and welfare.
In education the Company works with schools, colleges, universities and commercial training providers to offer a range of training to potential and current industry participants.
The Company’s various award schemes recognize excellence in design, innovation, and sustainable production in the industry.
The Company’s welfare initiatives support current and past employees in the furniture and furnishings industry, offering both financial aid and pastoral care.
Additionally the Company works closely with the wider Livery movement in support of the Lord Mayor and the City of London and provides a range of charitable and social events to its members.
# Billeting (film)

Billeting (Hungarian: Beszállásolás) is a 1938 Hungarian musical film directed by Sándor Szlatinay and starring Antal Páger, Zita Szeleczky and Gyula Kabos. It was made at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Márton Vincze. Location shooting took place around Kenderes, the birthplace of the Regent of Hungary Miklós Horthy.

## Cast

* Antal Páger as Dr. Tibor Tibor
* Zita Szeleczky as Takács Ágnes
* Gyula Kabos as Kulcsár úr
* Tivadar Bilicsi as Obitz Tibor
* Manyi Kiss as Buchbinder Rózsi
* Ferenc Pethes as Ifj. Árkossy Ádám
* Sándor Pethes as Árkossy apja
* Gábor Rajnay as Takács Ferenc
* Mariska Vízváry as Emma néni
* Karola Zala as Takácsné