OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gallomo

Gallomo was the name of a circle of literary correspondence between Alfred Galpin, H. P. Lovecraft, and Maurice W. Moe in the first few decades of the 20th century. The name is derived from the first syllable of each author's last name. Lovecraft often used the group to workshop stories which he was working on, such as "The Statement of Randolph Carter". The other two members went on to publish stories in magazines such as The Vagrant, The Californian, or All-Story Magazine.

## Literary correspondence circle

The literary correspondence consisted of round-robin cycles, in which the members would sequentially write letters discussing one or more issues. As the collection of letters circulated to each member, the member would remove their previous letter and write a new letter which commented on the letters of the others.

## Members of the Gallomo
### Alfred Galpin

Alfred Galpin (1901–1983) was an American literary academic and musical composer of classical works. Part of his career was in Paris and Italy, but he was a professor at Wisconsin University for many decades. He was a close friend and correspondent of H. P. Lovecraft.

### H. P. Lovecraft

Howard Phillips "H. P." Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror fiction. He is regarded as one of the most significant 20th-century authors in his genre.

### Maurice W. Moe

Maurice Winter Moe (1882–1940) was an American amateur journalist and English teacher. He attended the University of Wisconsin, graduating in 1904, and was an English teacher at Appleton High School in Appleton, Wisconsin and also at West Division High School in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Maurice knew H. P. Lovecraft starting in 1914, and notified him of his outstanding student Alfred Galpin. Because Maurice was fervently pious, the truth and efficacy of religion were frequent topics of discussion in the correspondence circle. Maurice was also a member of the other correspondence circle Kleicomolo (Rheinhart Kleiner, Ira A. Cole, Maurice W. Moe, and H. P. Lovecraft).
# Gasteruption assectator

Gasteruption assectator, the wild carrot wasp, is a species of carrot wasp in the family Gasteruptiidae. It is found in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. G. assectator is a generalist inquiline parasitoid of many other bee and wasp species such as Hylaeus confusus, Hylaeus pectoralis, and Pemphredon fabricii.
# Gasteria armstrongii

Gasteria armstrongii (synonym Gasteria nitida var. armstrongii) is a dwarf succulent plant native to South Africa, in the genus Gasteria.

## Description

This slow-growing species is closely related to the similar, but much larger, Gasteria nitida species of the South African grasslands, and their bright reddish-pink flowers are very similar. In some classification schemes, it is even classed as a variety within this species, and in cultivation G. armstrongii can resemble juvenile plants of G. nitida.
For those who treat it as a separate species, Gasteria armstrongii can be distinguished by its very dark, retuse, distichous, roughly tuberculate leaves. Its inflorescences are also solitary. G. nitida is much larger, with smooth leaves that grow in a rosette, not distichous. Its inflorescences are branched.

## Taxonomy

Gasteria armstrongii was first described by Selmar Schönland in 1912. It was reduced to the variety armstrongii of Gasteria nitida by Ernst van Jaarsveld in 1992, a status accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.

## Distribution

This species occurs in only a few spots in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It occurs along the Gamtoos river, in a vegetation type named "Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld". At the edge of its habitat it gradually transforms into Gasteria nitida, making the two species part of a continuum. The habitat of G. armstrongii is a flat to hilly terrain rich in pebbles, among which G. armstrongii is difficult to detect. The plants grow in full sun or are partially covered by small shrubs. The rainfall in its habitat occurs all year round, but marginally more in summer.
This is the most threatened of all the Gasteria species, as its habitat is rapidly being use for human developments.
# Gamelands stone circle

Gamelands stone circle (or Orton stone circle) is a stone circle at the foot of Knott Hill in Cumbria, England. The stones are mostly made of red granite and some were buried and blasted in 1862.

## Description

Gamelands stone circle (grid reference NY640082) lies between the village of Orton and the hamlet of Raisbeck. It is an oval enclosure of around 40 large stones, all of which have fallen, together with three smaller stones. The stones are set into a slight bank. All of the stones are of pink granite with the exception of one which is limestone. The stones are all below one metre in height and are arranged in an oval of 42 metres by 35 metres.

## History

Around 1862, when the area was ploughed, some of the stones were buried or blasted. Some stones have been taken for a wall to the south. Ploughing uncovered two worked flints and a probable cist-slab. The circle was surveyed in 1966, but it was not easy to tell whether the stones have ever been in a standing position.
# Gary Will

Gary Will is a Canadian professional wrestling historian and writer.

## Career

Will is best known for writing the book Wrestling Title Histories, which is widely regarded as the most complete compilation of championship listings for professional wrestling. Many wrestling fans refer to it as a "Bible". He wrote a listing of deceased professional wrestlers, as noted on various websites. He is also known for his "Canadian Pro Wrestling Page of Fame", which honored professional wrestlers who are Canadian citizens, as opposed to the "Canadian Wrestling Hall of Fame", which honored any wrestler or wrestling associated person who made landmark contributions for wrestling in Canada.

## Works

* Will, Gary; Duncan, Royal (1994). Wrestling Title Histories. Pennsylvania State University. p. 445. ISBN 978-0969816157.
* Will, Gary; Duncan, Royal; Macika, Dominic (1996). Wrestling Real Names & Aliases. Archeus Communications. p. 127. ISBN 9780969816140.
* Will, Gary (1996). How to Prepare for an Employment Interview: A Step-by-Step Guide to Researching the Company, Analyzing the Position, Knowing Your Strengths and Presenting Them Persuasively. Archeus Communications. p. 85. ISBN 9780969816126.
# Gary Willard

Gary S. Willard (3 September 1959 – May 2024) was an English football referee. He officiated in the Football League and the Premier League, and for FIFA. He came from Worthing in Sussex. He maintained an involvement in top-class football after retiring in 2000. His other occupation was as an officer for the Inland Revenue.

## Career

Willard became a referee for the Football League in 1990, and was promoted to the Premier League list of referees in 1994. He became a FIFA referee in 1996.
On 27 January 1998, he was referee for the Football League Cup semi-final first leg between Liverpool and Middlesbrough, which was a 2–1 home win. He also controlled the semi-final second leg the following year in the same competition, when Spurs won 1–0 at Wimbledon on 16 February 1999, for an aggregate win by that score.
On 28 March 1998, Willard was involved in a Premier League game at Oakwell Stadium between Barnsley and Liverpool - which finished 2–3. He sent off three players from the home side – Darren Barnard, Chris Morgan and Darren Sheridan – in the second half, causing play to be suspended for five minutes after Willard, having been chased by an interloper, was escorted off the pitch by stewards for his own protection until order was restored. He had to be given a police escort off the pitch after the game.
His final Premiership game was West Ham's 4–0 win over Middlesbrough at Upton Park on 16 May 1999, but he continued to referee for FIFA. The English referees' chief at the time, Philip Don, stated that Willard had not taken any Premier League appointments due to "personal reasons".

## Death

On 21 May 2024, it was announced that Willard had died after a battle with leukaemia.
# Gabrje, Sevnica

Gabrje (pronounced; in older sources also Gabrije) is a small settlement on the right bank of the Mirna River in the Municipality of Sevnica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
# Garden of Cosmic Speculation

The Garden of Cosmic Speculation is a 30 acre (12 hectare) sculpture garden created by landscape architect and theorist Charles Jencks and his wife, Maggie Keswick Jencks, on Maggie's land and their home together, Portrack House, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland. Like much of Jencks' work, the garden is inspired by modern cosmology.

## History
### Features

The garden is inspired by science and mathematics, with sculptures and landscaping on these themes, such as black holes and fractals. The garden is not abundant with plants, but sets mathematical formulae and scientific phenomena in a setting which elegantly combines natural features and artificial symmetry and curves. It is probably unique among gardens, drawing comparisons with a similarly abstract garden in Scotland, Little Sparta.

### Access

The garden is private but usually opens for only six hours on two days each year for 1500 ticket holders through the Scotland's Gardens programme and raises money for Maggie's Centres, a cancer care charity named for Maggie Keswick Jencks, the late wife of Charles Jencks.

### Depiction in music

The garden is the subject of an orchestral composition by American composer, Michael Gandolfi, which he composed for a joint commission from the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Tanglewood Music Center. The piece was subsequently recorded by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra conducted by Robert Spano, and nominated for "Best Contemporary Classical Composition" at the 2009 Grammy Awards.

### In literature

Louise Penny uses The Garden of Cosmic Speculation as an important plot device in her tenth Inspector Gamache mystery, The Long Way Home (St. Martin Press, 2014).
Cameron Jace makes creative use of The Garden of Cosmic Speculation in his fictional novel titled Circus, which is the third installment of his Insanity series. In the book, Jace uses many facts when referring to 'public' knowledge of the garden (per character conversation), but changed the name of the designer to better fit into the story's plot line.
# Gauss Research Laboratory

Gauss Research Laboratory, Inc. is the corporation in charge of managing .pr, Puerto Rico's country code top-level domain, and is responsible for providing a stable and secure management of the domain. The company was incorporated on 17 November 2006.
# Gauss Speaker Company

The Gauss Speaker Company, later known as Cetec Gauss, was a Sun Valley loudspeaker company. They were approved by Fender Musical Instruments Corporation and found widespread use among rock musicians of the 1960s through the 1990s$^{[cite?]}$. The company is notable for its technical improvements in driver design, which include the use of two spiders at once. The former factory of Cetec Gauss was taken over by SWR Sound Corporation in January 1999.
# Gaku Homma

Homma Gaku (本間 学 Honma Gaku), born May 12, 1950, is an aikido teacher and direct student of the founder Morihei Ueshiba.
He is an author; the books Children and the Martial Arts and Aikido for Life are his most prominent publications.
Homma, whose father was a Shinto priest and an officer in the Japanese Imperial Army during the war, was born in Akita Prefecture. According to Homma, at the age of 14, he was sent by his father to train in Iwama under aikido founder Ueshiba Morihei. Homma also says that he trained as an uchi deshi in Iwama and at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in Tokyo, under the founder and under Saito Morihiro in the late 1960s. Along with Hideo Hirasawa, Homma is one of a number of aikidoka who claim to be the last uchi deshi to have been trained directly by Ueshiba Morihei.
His early career as a teacher was on a US air force base. In 1976 Homma moved to Denver, Colorado, and founded the Nippon Kan as an independent dojo in 1978. This dojo has grown into the largest aikido dojo in the Rocky Mountain region and is well known for its international uchi-deshi program. He has organized several large aikido seminars in Denver, many of them taught by Saito Morihiro.

## Humanitarian work

In addition to the aikido dojo, which is a non-profit institution, Homma has founded the Aikido Humanitarian Active Network (AHAN), whose mission is "to extend the philosophy of Aikido into the world beyond the dojo". AHAN activities have included sending computers and aid to an orphanage in Mongolia, supporting a sick aikido student in Nicaragua, and assisting dojo in Turkey and Brazil with charitable fundraising efforts.
Homma is also known for his work in his community, including serving meals to the homeless. Homma calls the work he does "support" because, he says, "Help is 'I am reaching down to you." Support is, 'I am on your level and I am lifting up."
# Gatsi and Gaim

Gatsi (Georgian: გაცი) and Gaim (გაიმ; or Ga, გა) were, according to the medieval Georgian chronicles, the deities in a pre-Christian pantheon of ancient Georgians of Kartli (Iberia of the Classical sources). The Georgian hagiographic work "The Life of St. Nino" reports that when St. Nino, a 4th-century female Christian baptizer of Georgians, arrived at the city of Mtskheta, she saw that on the right side of the chief idol of Armazi "there stood another image, made of gold, with the face of a man. Its name was Gatsi, and on the left of it was a silver idol with a human face, the name of which was Gaim." Another passage from the medieval chronicle relates that Gatsi and Ga(im) were believed to have governed "all of mysteries."
Beyond the passages from the medieval Georgian annals, we lack contemporary records and archaeological evidence about these cults, however. Both these deities, reportedly brought by the semi-legendary ruler Azoy from his original homeland Arian-Kartli, may have been a version of the Anatolian Attis and Cybele.
# Gava

Gava may refer to:

## Places

* Gavà, a town in Catalonia, Spain
* Gávavencsellő, also known as Gava, a town in Hungary

### Iran

* Bala Gava Sara, a village in Chini Jan Rural District, Gilan Province
* Pain Gava Sara, a village in Chini Jan Rural District, Gilan Province
* Gava Sara-ye Olya, a village in Chini Jan Rural District, Gilan Province

### Kyrgyzstan

* Uzbek-Gava (or Kaba), a village in Jalal-Abad Region
* Kirgizgava, a village in Jalal-Abad Region

## People

* Gava (surname)

## Other uses

* Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava, a Marathi language film directed by Kamlakar Torne in 1968
* Gáva-Holigrady culture, a late Bronze Age culture of Eastern Slovakia, Western Ukraine, Northwestern Romania and Hungary
* Guduf-Gava language (also known as Gudupe, Afkabiye), an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria
* Gavà Mines, also known as Can Tintorer Mines, a pre-historic (Neolithic) archaeological site in the municipality of Gavà, Spain
# Garneau River

The Garneau River is a tributary of the Turgeon River flowing in Canada in:
* Cochrane District, Northeastern Ontario;
* Nord-du-Québec, in Jamésie, in the municipality of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James (municipality) in the township of Récher.
The surface of the river is usually frozen from early from November to mid-May, but safe circulation on the ice generally occurs from mid-November to the end of April.

## Geography

The main watersheds adjacent to the Garneau River are:
* North side: Kaokonimawaga Creek, Detour River, Turgeon River;
* East side: Makwo Creek, Wijinawi Creek, Theo River, Wawagosic River;
* South side: Adimoskadjiwi Creek, Turcotte River, Turgeon River;
* West side: Turcotte River, Little Turcotte River (Ontario).
The Garneau River originates at the mouth of a lake Garneau (length: 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in); elevation: 286 metres (938 ft)), in Cochrane District, in Ontario.
The mouth of Lake Garneau is located at:
* 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) at west of the boundary between Ontario and Quebec;
* 10.1 kilometres (6.3 mi) at southeast of the mouth of the Garneau River;
* 54.9 kilometres (34.1 mi) at south of the mouth of the Turgeon River (in Quebec);
* 66.9 kilometres (41.6 mi) at southeast of a southern bay of Kesagami Lake (in Ontario).
From its source, the Garneau River flows on 22.9 kilometres (14.2 mi) according to the following segments:
* 4.2 kilometres (2.6 mi) southwest by crossing marsh areas to the boundary between Quebec and Ontario;
* 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) in Québec including 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the south-east in the swamp area, then 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) to the East, to a stream (coming from the South);
* 12.2 kilometres (7.6 mi) to Nord-East in swamp area, up to the mouth.
The Garneau River flows to the southwest bank of the Turgeon River. This confluence is located at:
* 47.0 kilometres (29.2 mi) at southwest of the mouth of the Turgeon River (confluence with the Harricana River);
* 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) at east of the boundary between Quebec and Ontario;
* 84.9 kilometres (52.8 mi) at west of the center of the village of Joutel, Quebec, in Quebec;
* 103 kilometres (64 mi) at north of the city center of La Sarre, Quebec, in Quebec.

## Toponymy

The term "Garneau" is a surname of a family of French origin.
The name "rivière Garneau" was officially registered on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec, at the creation of this commission.
# Garndiffaith

Garndiffaith is a village located in Torfaen, south east Wales. It is a small rural area situated between Talywain and Varteg, three miles north of the town of Pontypool and 3.5 miles south of the town of Blaenavon (a World Heritage Site). The village is now part of the Abersychan suburb of Pontypool which also includes Cwmavon, Pentwyn, Talywain, Varteg, and Victoria Village.
Situated near the closed 'British' coal mines and works, the Garndiffaith area is renowned for its agricultural and industrial heritage based on mining of iron and coal. The adjacent former British Coal Corporation land is known as 'The Balance' after the Water Balance winding mechanism.
Garndiffaith has a few small shops, a Public house and a police station. Garnteg has been the local primary school since it was opened in 1995, when Varteg and Garndiffaith primary schools merged. Garndiffaith primary was later demolished and a new community hall was opened on the site.
Garndiffaith RFC is a long established rugby union club currently playing in the Welsh Rugby Union League 1 East. A history group has recently been set up to research the history of the club and a local community website has been set up to cover the area.
# Gedik

Gedik may refer to:

## People

* Gedik Ahmed Pasha (1482), Ottoman statesman and admiral
* Kazim Gedik (born 1938), Turkish wrestler
* Namık Gedik (1911–1960), Turkish physician and politician
* Ömür Gedik (born 1970), Turkish journalist

## Places

* Gədik, a former village in Quba Rayon, Azerbaijan
* Gedik, Bayramiç, a village in Çanakkale Province, Turkey
* Gedik, Göle, a village in Ardahan Province, Turkey
* Gedik, Haymana, a neighbourhood in Ankara Province, Turkey
* Gedik, İdil, a village in Şırnak Province, Turkey
* Gedik, Nazilli, a neighbourhood in Aydın Province, Turkey
* Gedik, Oğuzeli, a village in Gaziantep Province, Turkey
* Gedik, Serik, a neighbourhood in Antalya Province, Turkey
# Gang run printing

Gang-run printing describes a printing method in which multiple printing projects are placed on a common paper sheet in an effort to reduce printing costs and paper waste. Gang runs are generally used with sheet-fed printing presses and CMYK process color jobs, which require four separate plates that are loaded into the press. It takes up to 250 sheets for a "make ready," which is the process of getting the plates inked up and the ink levels set correctly.
Printers use the term "gang run" or "gang" to describe the practice of placing many print projects on the same sheet or piggybacking a project on a vacant, unused portion of a print sheet. Sheet-fed presses are generally "full sheet" (28" x 40"), "half sheet" (28" x 19"), or "quarter sheet" (13" x 19"). In offset printing, the first sheet costs more than the next 1,000. Gang-run printing allows multiple jobs to share the setup cost. For example, a 28" x 40" sheet can hold 9 4" x 6" at 5,000 or 18 2,500 postcards (each card takes 4.25" x 6.25" on the sheet to accommodate full bleed. Gang-run printing has been one of the driving forces in the large drop in the price for full-color printing.

## Advantages

* Extremely economical—many print jobs share the same print run, which reduces manpower, plates, prep time, and press washup labor.
* Reduces waste—less paper goes unused.

## Disadvantages

* Lack of paper stock choice—you must choose the paper stock common to all the projects on the same sheet
* Lack of color control—color balance on a gang print run is difficult to maintain. Since so many other print projects are placed side by side, a gang print project is harder to control for color quality issues
* Ghosting—because an adjacent project may have a heavy solid color that may affect your final result
* Hard to accommodate custom print quantities—normally
* Reprints cost more—rerunning a print job from the sample plate would mean reproducing unwanted copies of adjacent projects sharing the same sheet or plate
* Harder to get custom colors or cut—by nature of the press run, it is harder to get custom spot colors, varnish effects, or coatings.
* Timing issues—gang printing customers normally need to be more patient with their client, since it takes more time and effort to coordinate all the jobs through the singer viewer.

## Restrictions

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns to be aware of the potential of foreign packages, which may come from gang printing at the package supplier. Pharmaceutical labels and packaging materials are higher in cost primarily as a result of the additional costs in manufacturing due to segregation, traceability, and security requirements. You cannot gang run pharmaceutical labels that require strict line clearance between label kinds, unless the labeling from gang-printed sheets is adequately differentiated by size, shape, or color (21 CFR Part 211.122f).
# Ganga-Longoba

The Ganga-Longoba are a small ethnic group of Afro-Cubans who primarily reside in Perico, Matanzas Province. The community traces their ancestry to a woman named Josefa Ganga who was imported to Cuba in the 1830s. She worked on the Santa Elena sugar refinery near Perico and managed to live past the abolition of slavery in 1886. She passed the tradition of her home village down to her great-granddaughter, Florinda Diago, who in turn passed the tradition to Diago's grandson Humberto Casanova; Casanova and Magdalena "Piyuya" Mora currently lead the Ganga-Longoba community. Her descendants have largely lived their lives in Perico, both before and after the Cuban Revolution.
In 2011, after recording the Ganga-Longoba's songs, British Australian historian Emma Christopher began research into the origin of the songs, eventually connecting with the chief and residents of Mokpangumba, Upper Banta Chiefdom, Moyamba District in Southern Province, Sierra Leone, where residents recognized recordings of the songs and their lyrics as being sung in the nearly-extinct Banta language by the Ganga-Longoba as their own tradition. She helped arrange the travel of a contingent of Ganga-Longoba to Mokpangumba, which rolled out a welcome ceremony for the Cuban visitors. Christopher recorded the process in her documentary They Are We.
# Gbangbossou

Gbangbossou is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Tié-N'Diékro, Didiévi Department, Bélier Region, Lacs District.
Until 2012, Gbangbossou was in the commune of N'Gban-Kassê with the nearby villages of Niénékro and Agbakro. In March 2012, N'Gban-Kassê became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.