OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cytoplasmic hybrid

A cytoplasmic hybrid (or cybrid, a portmanteau of the two words) is a eukaryotic cell line produced by the fusion of a whole cell with a cytoplast. Cytoplasts are enucleated cells. This enucleation can be effected by simultaneous application of centrifugal force and treatment of the cell with an agent that disrupts the cytoskeleton. A special case of cybrid formation involves the use of rho-zero cells as the whole cell partner in the fusion. Rho-zero cells are cells which have been depleted of their own mitochondrial DNA by prolonged incubation with ethidium bromide, a chemical which inhibits mitochondrial DNA replication. The rho-zero cells do retain mitochondria and can grow in rich culture medium with certain supplements. They do retain their own nuclear genome. A cybrid is then a hybrid cell which mixes the nuclear genes from one cell with the mitochondrial genes from another cell. Using this powerful tool, it makes it possible to dissociate contribution from the mitochondrial genes vs that of the nuclear genes.
Cybrids are valuable in mitochondrial research and have been used to provide suggestive evidence of mitochondrial involvement in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions.

## Legal status in United Kingdom

Research utilizing cybrid embryos has been hotly contested due to the ethical implications of further cybrid research. In 2008, the House of Lords passed the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, which allows the creation of mixed human-animal embryos for medical purposes only. Such cybrids are 99.9% human and 0.1% animal. A cybrid may be kept for a maximum of 14 days, owing to the development of the brain and spinal cord, after which time the cybrid must be destroyed. During the two-week period, stem cells may be harvested from the cybrid, for research or medical purposes. Under no circumstances may a cybrid be implanted into a human uterus.
# Cycling in Victoria

Cycling in the Australian state of Victoria (including its capital Melbourne) is a popular pastime, sport and way of getting around since at least 1896, as indicated by the Banjo Paterson poem Mulga Bill's Bicycle. Cycling in Victoria has been encouraged by the development of bicycle networks in town and cities throughout the state, and many regional rail trails. The sports popularity has been encouraged by the success of racing clubs such as the St Kilda Cycling Club and Victorian racing riders such as Cadel Evans, Simon Gerrans and Matthew Lloyd. Organised rides held annually including the Great Victorian Bike Ride, and races held in Victoria include the Herald Sun Tour.

## Regional rail trails

Victoria also has many developed rail trails suitable for cycling including:
* Ballarat-Skipton Rail Trail, Ballarat
* Bass Coast Rail Trail, South Gippsland
* Bellarine Rail Trail, Bellarine Peninsula
* Crater to Coast Rail Trail, Camperdown
* East Gippsland Rail Trail, East Gippsland
* Great Southern Rail Trail, South Gippsland
* High Country Rail Trail, Lake Hume
* Moe-Yallourn Rail Trail
* Murray to the Mountains, Wangaratta
* O'Keefe Rail Trail, Bendigo
* Old Beechy Rail Trail, Colac
* Tyers Valley Tramway, Gippsland
* Warburton Trail, Warburton
* Drouin to Warragul Trail, Drouin - Warragul, Gippsland
* Linear Park Arts Discovery Trail, Warragul, Gippsland
* Rokeby to Neerim Trail, Gippsland

## Safety

According to VicRoads hazards that cause cycling fatalities and injuries include "side impact at intersections", "manoeuvring", "lane change" as well as collisions between car doors and cyclists in the door zone, commonly referred to as "car dooring" in Australia.
In Victoria it is illegal to "cause a hazard to any person or vehicle by opening a door of a vehicle, leaving a door of a vehicle open, or getting off, or out of, a vehicle" and it is also illegal to flee the scene of such an accident.
While there were 1112 collisions caused by opening doors in the Australian state of Victoria between 2000 and 2010, the first fatality occurred in March 2010, when a car door opening caused university student James Cross to be propelled under the wheels of a passing truck. Eight percent of serious injuries to cyclists between 2006 and 2010 were cause by car doorings.
In July 2012 Victoria increased the on-the-spot penalty for car dooring from $141 to $352, also increasing the maximum court imposed penalty from $432 to $1408. In March 2015 stickers were placed in taxis in the state, advising passengers to look for bicycles before leaving the vehicle; at the time 13% of car dooring incidents in the state involved taxis.
# Laurence Turner (engineer)

Laurence Beddome Turner MIEE (28 January 1886–6 April 1963), was a British electrical engineer, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Reader in Engineering at the University of Cambridge.

## Biography

Born in Charlton, London on 6 April 1886, Laurence Turner was educated at Bedford School and at King's College, Cambridge as a Foundation Scholar. He worked as an electrical engineer at Siemens Brothers in London, and at Siemens & Halske in Berlin. During the First World War he became a captain at the War Office's Signals Experimental Establishment (SEE) at Woolwich, London, developing wireless telegraphy for the British Army. In 1919 he was elected as a Fellow and Director of Studies in Engineering at King's College, Cambridge. During the Second World War he became part of the team developing radar at the Admiralty Signals Establishment.
Dr Laurence Turner died on 28 January 1963.

## Publications

Dr Turner's publications included Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony: An Outline for Electrical Engineers and Others, 1921, and Wireless: a treatise on the theory and practice of high-frequency electric signalling, 1931.
# Lawler ministry

The Lawler ministry is the ministry of the 13th Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, Eva Lawler. It came into operation on 21 December 2023 and succeeded the Fyles ministry.

## Current ministry

The ministry was sworn in on 21 December 2023 following the resignation of Natasha Fyles as chief minister on 20 December following the undisclosed share and conflict of interest scandal.

### Current composition

| Minister | Portfolio | Took office | Left office | Duration of tenure | Electorate |
| Eva Lawler MLA | Chief Minister Treasurer Minister for Territory Development Minister for Defence Industries Minister for Industry and Trade Minister for Major Projects | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Drysdale |
| Chansey Paech MLA | Deputy Chief Minister Leader of Government Business Attorney General and Minister for Justice Minister for Local Government Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Treaty Minister for the Arts, Culture and Heritage | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Gwoja |
| Selena Uibo MLA | Minister for Health Minister for Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Minister for Remote Housing and Homelands Minister for Parks and Rangers Minister for Local Decision Making Minister for Public Employment Minister for Corporate and Digital Development | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Arnhem |
| Kate Worden MLA | Minister for the Environment, Climate Change and Water Security Minister for Prevention of Domestic, Family and Sexual Violence Minister for Sport Minister for Renewables and Energy Minister for Essential Services | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Sanderson |
| Ngaree Ah Kit MLA | Minister for Territory Families Minister for Urban Housing Minister for Youth , Seniors, and Equality Minister for Multicultural Affairs Minister for Disabilities | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Karama |
| Brent Potter MLA | Minister for Police Minister for Alcohol Policy Minister for Fire and Emergency Services Minister for Veterans’ Affairs Minister for Major Events | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Fannie Bay |
| Joel Bowden MLA | Minister of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics Minister for Business and Jobs Minister for Skills, Training and International Education Minister for Tourism and Hospitality Minister for Recreational Fishing | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Johnston |
| Mark Monaghan MLA | Minister for Education Minister for Mining Minister for Agribusiness and Fisheries | 21 December 2023 | 28 August 2024 | 251 days | Fong Lim |
# Laub

Laub may refer to:

## People

* Bill Laub (1878–1963), Mayor and American football player-coach
* Daryl Laub (1925–2015), television and radio personality
* Donald Laub (1935–2024), American plastic surgeon
* Dori Laub (1937–2018), Israeli-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
* Ferdinand Laub (1832–1875), Czech violinist
* Gabriel Laub (1928–1998), journalist, satirist and writer
* Gillian Laub (born 1975), American photographer and film maker
* Henry Laub (1792–1813), officer in the United States Navy
* Jack Laub (1926–2023), American basketball player and pharmaceutical executive
* Jakob Laub (1884–1962), Austria-Hungarian physicist
* John Laub (born 1953), American criminologist
* Martin Laub (born 1944), American politician
* Michael Laub (born 1953), stage director and dance choreographer
* Michel Laub (born 1973), Brazilian writer and journalist
* Ole Henrik Laub (1937–2019), Danish novelist
* Phoebe Laub (1950–2011), American singer, songwriter, and guitarist
* Richard Laub, American scientist
* Stephen Laub (born 1945), American artist
* Thomas Laub (1852–1927), Danish organist and composer

## Other uses

* Laub (card suit), a suit used on German playing cards
* USS Laub, several ships
# Cynewulf of Lindisfarne

Cynewulf of Lindisfarne was appointed as Bishop of Lindisfarne in either 737 or 740. He resigned the see in 779 or 780 and died in 782 or 783.
In 750 Cynewulf was imprisoned by Eadberht of Northumbria for giving sanctuary to Prince Offa during a dynastic clash.
Some 19th-century scholars believed him to be Cynewulf, the poet only known through the runic signature appearing in several Old English poems. Besides the fact that the dialect used in these poems shows features of Northumbrian Old English, there is no solid proof for this theory.

## Citations

* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 219
* ↑ Kirby Earliest English Kings p. 126
* ↑ "Cynewulf [Cynwulf, Kynewulf] (fl. 9th cent.)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6989. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
# Czermin

Czermin may refer to the following places:
* Czermin, Kępno County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Czermin, Podkarpackie Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
* Czermin, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
* Czermin, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Czermin, Pleszew County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
# Le Broc, Puy-de-Dôme

Le Broc (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Cycling at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's road time trial

The men's road time trial competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on 22 October 2023 on the streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| 22 October 2023 | 13:00 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Rider | Nation | Time |
| | Walter Vargas | Colombia | 47:02.72 |
| | Richard Carapaz | Ecuador | 47:36.02 |
| | Conor White | Bermuda | 48:13.96 |
| 4 | Eric Fagúndez | Uruguay | 48:39.05 |
| 5 | Kaden Hopkins | Bermuda | 48:45.41 |
| 6 | José Luis Rodríguez | Chile | 49:10.18 |
| 7 | Orluis Aular | Venezuela | 49:12.63 |
| 8 | Laureano Rosas | Argentina | 49:23.94 |
| 9 | Héctor Quintana | Chile | 49:30.27 |
| 10 | Chris Ernst | Canada | 49:47.37 |
| 11 | Clever Martínez | Venezuela | 49:59.56 |
| 12 | Victor Ocampo | Colombia | 50:01.23 |
| 13 | Campbell Parrish | Canada | 50:08.45 |
| 14 | Brayan Sánchez | Colombia | 50:30.02 |
| 15 | Bolivar Espinosa | Panama | 50:44.68 |
# Le Frestoy-Vaux

Le Frestoy-Vaux (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Leandro Souza

Leandro Souza may refer to:
* Leandro Souza (footballer, born 1986), Brazilian football centre-back
* Leandro Souza (footballer, born 1987), Brazilian football forward
# Leandro Sosa (footballer, born 1991)

Luis Leandro Sosa Otermin (born 18 March 1991) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Danubio.

## Career

Sosa's club career started in 2011 with Uruguayan Primera División side Danubio after he was promoted from the club's youth system. He made his Danubio debut on 10 September in a 1–1 draw versus Nacional. From his debut in 2011–12 to the end of the 2012–13 season, he had played in fifteen league games for Danubio. In the following season, 2013–14, he participated in twelve Primera División matches for Danubio as the club won the title; he also scored two goals in 2013–14, including a goal in the championship playoff final against Montevideo Wanderers. In August 2014, Sosa made his Copa Sudamericana debut in a loss to Deportivo Capiatá.
Fifty-two appearances and four goals followed in all competitions for Sosa in 2014–15 and 2015–16. On 8 July 2016, Sosa left Danubio and joined Argentine Primera División club Aldosivi. He made his Aldosivi debut on 25 September versus Lanús. Twenty-five appearances followed, prior to Sosa rejoining Danubio in August 2017. His 100th career league appearance arrived on 3 December versus Boston River. On 9 July 2019, Danubio announced Sosa was set to depart for Greek football on loan. Xanthi, of Super League Greece, were revealed as his next team on 13 July.

## Career statistics

    As of 8 August 2020.
Club statistics :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Danubio | 2011–12 | Uruguayan Primera División | 6 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Danubio | 2012–13 | Uruguayan Primera División | 9 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Danubio | 2013–14 | Uruguayan Primera División | 10 | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 2 |
| Danubio | 2014–15 | Uruguayan Primera División | 20 | 1 | — | — | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 2 |
| Danubio | 2015–16 | Uruguayan Primera División | 22 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| Danubio | Total | Total | 67 | 4 | — | — | 10 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 79 | 6 |
| Aldosivi | 2016–17 | Argentine Primera División | 25 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Danubio | 2017 | Uruguayan Primera División | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Danubio | 2018 | Uruguayan Primera División | 34 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 2 |
| Danubio | 2019 | Uruguayan Primera División | 13 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Danubio | Total | Total | 55 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 2 |
| Xanthi (loan) | 2019–20 | Super League | 25 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 172 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 190 | 9 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Uruguayan Primera División play-offs
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in the Copa Sudamericana

## Honours
### Danubio

* Uruguayan Primera División: 2013–14
# Le petit gnome

Le petit gnome was a German educational television series produced by SWR Fernsehen, teaching French as a foreign or second language to young German viewers aged 6 to 12 years.
# ASA Aluminium Body

ASA Aluminium Body is an Argentinian company that produces exact re-builds of racing cars from the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. The company is headquartered in Don Torcuato, a city in Tigre Partido.

## History

In 1969 a company named Lotus Argentina started producing licensed Lotus Seven roadsters. In 1985 Néstor Salerno, an Argentinian racing driver, bought the company, changing its name to ASA ("Automóvil Sport Argentino").

## Current models

The company offers standard replicas of Lotus Seven and Porsche 550. Also offered are special order replicas of cars like: Maserati 300S, Lancia D24, Ferrari 375 MM, Alfa Romeo 3000 CM, Frazer Nash Le Mans and other racing cars from the period. All of the cars have aluminium bodies.
# Sheer Greed

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Billboard | (unrated) |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 7/10 |
| Record Mirror | |
Sheer Greed is the first album of the British glam rock band Girl, released in January 1980 by Jet Records. The album was published during the explosion of the new wave of British heavy metal phenomenon and its sales took advantage of the favourable attitude towards hard rock bands in the UK in that period. Sheer Greed peaked at No. 33 in the UK Albums Chart. Hollywood Tease was released as a single, and reached No. 50.
The song "Hollywood Tease" was later covered by the bands L.A. Guns (featuring Phil Lewis) and Sheer Greed (featuring Gerry and Simon Laffy). The American glam metal band Lillian Axe recorded a version of "My Number" on the album Love + War in 1989.
"Do You Love Me?" is a cover of a song from Kiss' 1976 album Destroyer.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Hollywood Tease" (Phil Lewis, Phil Collen) - 2:39
* "The Things You Say" (Lewis, Gerry Laffy) - 3:53
* "Lovely Lorraine" (Lewis, Collen, G. Laffy) - 2:36
* "Strawberries" (Lewis) - 2:54
* "Little Miss Ann" (Lewis, G. Laffy) - 2:40
* "Doctor Doctor" (Lewis, Collen, G. Laffy) - 2:42

### Side two

* "Do You Love Me?" (Paul Stanley, Bob Ezrin, Kim Fowley) - 3:17
* "Take Me Dancing" (Lewis, Collen, G. Laffy) - 2:29
* "What's Up?" (G. Laffy, Simon Laffy) - 2:33
* "Passing Clouds" (Lewis) - 4:58
* "My Number" (Lewis, G. Laffy) - 3:52
* "Heartbreak America" (Lewis) - 2:43

## Personnel
### Band members

* Phil Lewis - lead vocals
* Phil Collen - lead guitar, backing vocals
* Gerry Laffy - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Simon Laffy - bass guitar, backing vocals
* Dave Gaynor - drums, backing vocals

### Production

* Chris Tsangarides - producer, engineer
* Nick Tauber - producer on tracks 3, 7, 10, 12
* Dougie Bennet - engineer on tracks 3, 7, 10, 12

## Charts

| Chart (1980) | Peak position |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 33 |
# James Arnott

James Arnott may refer to:
* James Arnott (footballer), English footballer
* James Arnott (physician) (1797–1883), English physician and pioneer of cryotherapy
* James Fullarton Arnott (1914–1982), Scottish professor, author, and theatrical director
# Les deux aveugles de Tolède

Les deux aveugles de Tolède (The Two Blind Men of Toledo) is an opéra comique in one act by the French composer Étienne Méhul. It premiered at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 28 January 1806. The libretto, by Benoît-Joseph Marsollier, is a revision of the same author's Les deux aveugles de Bagdad, set by A.J. Fournier in 1782.
Contemporary reviewers praised Méhul's music while criticising the weakness of the libretto. The opera only enjoyed limited success, with 19 performances in 1806, plus one on 28 October 1809 and a final one on 22 May 1810. The overture provides local Spanish colour through the use of a bolero rhythm (in the older Spanish sense).

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast |
| Nuguez, a blind musician, uncle of Flora | basse-taille (bass-baritone) | Simon Chénard |
| Don Brusco, another blind musician, engaged to Flora | baritone | Jean-Pierre Solié |
| Mendoce, who goes under the assumed name of Pedro; he is Flora's lover, pretending to be a pupil of the blind musicians | baritone | Jean-Blaise Martin |
| Flora, Nuguez's niece | soprano | Madame Gavaudan |
| Jacinthe, the blind men's housekeeper | soprano | Marie Desbrosses |

## Recordings

The overture appears on: Méhul Overtures, Orchestre de Bretagne, conducted by Stefan Sanderling (ASV, 2002).
# American Opportunity

American Opportunity (formerly the Free Congress Research and Education Foundation) is a conservative think tank founded by Paul Weyrich. The full name of the organization is American Opportunity and Security but its DBA name is American Opportunity Foundation. Based in Alexandria Virginia it is a nonprofit research and education organization. From 2010 through 2018 the organization had been headed by former Governor of Virginia Jim Gilmore. The current CEO (starting in 2019) is Dan Kreske (a close associate of Jim Gilmore).

## Activities

Under Weyrich, the foundation focused on cultural concerns, such as forming the "next conservatism", anti-abortion, public transportation concerns, and Fourth-generation warfare. Under Gilmore, with the aid of former Reagan-era Department of the Treasury official Gary Robbins, American Opportunity has focused on lowering taxes across the board, with the aim of completely removing all taxes on shareholder dividends and capital gains, as well as removing the inheritance tax entirely.
# Benford

Benford is an English surname of unknown origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christian Benford (born 2000), American football player
* Frank Benford, American scientist who gives his name to:
** Benford's law, which holds that in large sets of data, individual numbers are more likely to start with lower digits
* Gregory Benford, American science fiction author and astrophysicist
* Tommy Benford, American jazz drummer
Fictional characters: