OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MV European Causeway

MV European Causeway is a ferry operated by P&O Ferries. She was built at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Shimonoseki shipyard in Japan.

## History

European Causeway entered service in August 2000 replacing the Pride of Rathlin. She was specially designed for the Cairnryan-Larne route and has not operated in service away from this route only straying for refit periods.

## Incidents

On 18 December 2018, European Causeway was involved in an incident in extreme weather conditions. After what was described as a "big dip", several lorries toppled sideways causing damage to other vehicles on the car deck. No injuries were reported. The Marine Accident Investigation Branch carried out an investigation. It was concluded that:
* The route being followed had not been adjusted sufficiently to mitigate the effects of the sea conditions and reduce the likelihood of severe rolling.
* The cargo lashings applied were insufficient for the forecasted weather conditions and the ship’s approved cargo securing manual provided limited guidance to ship’s staff.
* Drivers remaining in their vehicles during the ferry’s passage, in contravention of international regulations and company policy, was not uncommon and is an industry-wide issue.
In March 2022, the vessel was detained at Larne by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, due to "failures on crew familiarisation, vessel documentation and crew training", after a new crew was installed, following P&O sacking 800 staff.
On 27 April 2022, European Causeway suffered a complete power loss just off the coast of Larne. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution dispatched three lifeboats to the vessel's location, a coastguard helicopter was dispatched and the Queen Victoria stood by to assist if required. The ship recovered power after roughly two hours adrift and continued the voyage to Larne under her own power, escorted by the lifeboats.

## Sister Ships

European Causeway does not have an exact sister however P&O ordered two further vessels based on her design:-
* European Ambassador now, Stena Nordica. Built 2000.
    Enlarged version built for P&O Irish Sea's Liverpool-Dublin service. Differences include more powerful engines for higher service speed, full bow ramp for landing on linkspans, large stern ramp, passenger cabins, club lounge and revised crew facilities.
* European Highlander. Built 2002.
    Enlarged version built for P&O Irish Sea as a partner to the European Causeway. Differences include minor revisions to the passenger deck layout, additional passenger lifts and the use of larger lifeboats rather than Marine evacuation systems
# 1977 in philosophy

1977 in philosophy

## Publications

* Burge, Tyler. "Belief de re." Journal of Philosophy 74, 338–62.
* Dennett, Daniel. "A Cure for the Common Code." Reprinted in D. Dennett (1978) Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology. MIT Press.
* Dworkin, Ronald. Taking Rights Seriously. Harvard University Press
* Evans, Gareth. "Pronouns, Quantifiers and Relative Clauses (I)." Canadian Journal of Philosophy VIII, 3, 467–536.
* Hornsby, Jennifer. "Singular Terms in Contexts of Propositional Attitude," Mind 86: 31–48.
* Johnson-Laird, Philip N. and Wason, P. C. Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science. Cambridge University Press.
* Kosslyn, Stephen and Pomerantz, J. R. "Imagery, Propositions, and the Form of Internal Representations," Cognitive Psychology 9: 52–76.
* Kripke, Saul. "Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference." Midwest Studies in Philosophy 2: 255–76. (In: French, Uehling and Wettstein (eds.), Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language. University of Minnesota Press, 6–27.)
* Lakoff, Robin. "What you can do with words: Politeness, pragmatics and performatives." In: Proceedings of the Texas Conference on Performatives, Presuppositions and Implicatures, ed. R. Rogers, R. Wall & J. Murphy, pp. 79–106. Center for Applied Linguistics
* McDowell, John. "On the Sense and Reference of Proper Names." Mind 86, 159–185.
* McGinn, Colin. "Charity, Interpretation, and Belief." Journal of Philosophy 74: 521–535.
* McGinn, Colin. "Semantics for Nonindicative Sentences." Philosophical Studies 32: 301–311.

## Deaths

* February 12 – Herman Dooyeweerd (born 1894)
* August 4 – Ernst Bloch (born 1885)
* September 4 – E. F. Schumacher (born 1911)
# International K and KB series

The International K and KB series are trucks that were produced by International Harvester, the first being the K introduced in mid 1940. In total there were 42 models, 142 different wheelbase lengths and load ratings ranging from 1/2 ton to 90,000 lbs. They are best known for their durability, prewar design in a postwar era, and low price. The followup to the K, the KB, was introduced in 1947, with the characteristic difference being a widened lower grill appearing like "wings". Between 1947 and 1949 122,000 KB-1 and KB-2 trucks were sold. The KB series was subsequently replaced by the L series.

## K series
### Models

The K models progress from 1 to 14 based upon the load capacity (K1 = half ton, K2 = 3/4 ton, K3 = 1 ton, etc.).
There are no K-9 or K-13 model trucks.

#### Light duty

Few differences exist between K-1 and K-2 models as they share most of their mechanical and chassis components. The rear axles in these two models are supported by a single roller bearing. Their differences in load rating are due to the K-2's stronger suspension.
The K-3 has a heavier frame, larger brakes, and rear axles supported by two roller bearings on a free floating rear end. The heavier duty K-4 has artillery-style wheels.

#### Heavy duty

The heavy duty K6 and larger use a center hinged butterfly hood rather than the rear hinged hood of the smaller trucks.
K6 and K7 share the same hood, fenders, and grill and use the smaller Blue Diamond engines.
K8 to K11 have a larger hood, fenders, and grill with fewer, but wider, grill bars. They use the larger FAB, Red, or RD series engines depending upon model year.
K12 has a longer hood to accommodate the larger Continental engine. They can either have the rounded nose common to the KB8 and larger or a flat nose grill.
K14 has flat top fenders rather than the rounded top of the smaller sizes.

### Styling

The style of the truck involved headlamps that were integrated into the fenders. The hood opens alligator style. Heavy duty models (K6 and above) carried over the D-series cab and high crowned fenders.

## KB series

For the KB-1 thru KB-5, chrome "wings" were added on the sides of the grill, a wrap-around chrome piece on the front hood, a hood ornament and chrome lettering indicating the model designation below the International nameplate on each side of the hood. For the KB-6 and larger trucks, the only external changes were that the Triple Diamond badge was moved to the top of the grille chrome-work, and the model designations were added to the hood-side chrome trim.
# Jacob Mogensen Ulfeldt

Jacob Mogensen, or Ebbe Ulfeldt (c. 1600 – c. 1670), was the brother of the Danish naval officer Corfits Ulfeldt, and became a landscape painter in Delft.
According to the RKD he was a registered pupil of Jacob Vosmaer. He is probably the "Delvenaar" referred to as "Ugaart", in Arnold Houbraken's Schouburg. According to Houbraken, Ugaart Delvenaar was a good landscape painter who lived in the same period as Jan Verkolje. In his biographical sketch of Verkolje, Houbraken mentions another Dane, Henrik Steenwinkel, who was a Verkolje pupil. He wrote a biographical sketch for a Steenwinkel who worked for Christian IV of Denmark-Norway in 1640. This court painter Steenwinkel that Houbraken refers to was probably Morten Steenwinkel, the later teacher of Bernhard Keil. Possibly Morten and Henrik were the same person or brothers travelling together, but all these men would have known and consorted with each other as Danish compatriots in the small painter circles of Delft and Amsterdam.
# X-Ray (book)

X-Ray (1994) was Ray Davies' first major attempt to write prose outside his musical career as founding member of the British rock band the Kinks. Robert Polito calls it an "experimental non-fiction" and describes Davies as "a prose stylist of Nabokovian ambition".

## X-Ray

The book, subtitled as an "unauthorized autobiography", employs a nameless 19-year-old first-person narrator hired by 'the Corporation' to seek out and interview a slightly demented geriatric version of Davies himself ten to twenty years after the time of the novel's publication. Thus, while technically an autobiography, the work has an unreliable narrator. In many ways a work of fiction, it reveals many factual details concerning the Kinks and other important figures of the swinging sixties, but tends to do so in a literary fashion. By employing this narrative device, Davies was able to shed some light on the life of the Kinks without resorting to the usual pedestrian 'he said/she said' mechanics often associated with memoirs of celebrities.

## Basic storyline

The young narrator interviews the demented Davies, with the bulk of the story focusing on Davies' early apparent success juxtaposed against his feelings of failure and isolation as he finds himself married worrying about how he's going to make ends meet while the band's management and record company hoarded all of the profits from the Kinks' early successes. He also juxtaposes his life as a young married rock musician against that of his brother Dave Davies who was living the wild life of a hipster during that period.
In addition to themes of isolation and spiritual longing, the book gives a great deal of insight into the Kinks' disintegrating relationship with Pye Records which ended around 1971 and resulted in the album: Lola versus Powerman and the Moneygoround (which is quite critical of Pye and mirrors many of the themes found in the book). The text also addresses, but ultimately does not really explain, the notorious episode in which the Kinks were banned from performing music in the United States for a period of approximately four years after a 1965 tour.
Within the book the reader "experiences" the viewpoint of the young narrator who at times merges with the character of Ray Davies. One receives insights into Davies' impressions of other famous musicians of the British Invasion. John Lennon, in particular, is portrayed as a bit of a bully.
The story narrated in the text ends in 1973 on the eve of the recording of Preservation, so readers interested in such things as Davies' relationship with Chrissie Hynde or his current career as a solo singer-songwriter will have to look elsewhere.
# Cassida saucia

Cassida saucia is a species of beetle in the leaf beetle family, found in various Asian countries, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey. The species feeds on plants in the family Solanaceae, particularly Lycium europaeum.
# H3K4

H3K4 is the fourth lysine residue on DNA packaging protein Histone H3. It can be marked by epigenetic modification by different amounts of methylation.
Modifications include:
* H3K4me1
* H3K4me2
* H3K4me3
# Vigrahapala I

Vigrahapala (Bengali: বিগ্রহপাল) was a 9th-century ruler of the Pala dynasty, in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent. He was the sixth Pala emperor. He reigned for a brief period before becoming an ascetic. Vigrahapala was a grandson of Dharmapala's younger brother Vakapala and son of Jayapala. He was succeeded by his son, Narayanapala.

## Ancestry

Previously, the historians believed that Shurapala and Vigrahapala were the two names of the same person. However, the discovery of a copper plate in 1970 in the Mirzapur district conclusively established that these two were cousins. They either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.$^{:32–37}$ If they ruled in succession, it seems more likely that Shurapala preceded Vigrahapala, since Vigrahapala I and his descendants ruled in unbroken succession. Vigrahapala either dethroned Shurapala, or replaced him peacefully in absence of any direct heir to the throne.
The information about him and his ancestors is found in the Bhagalpur copper-plate inscription of his son, Narayanapala.

## Reign

Based on the different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, the different historians estimate Vigrahapala's reign as follows:$^{:32–37}$
| Historian | Estimate of Gopala's reign |
| RC Majumdar (1971) | 850–853 (along with Shurapala I) |
| AM Chowdhury (1967) | 861–866 (along with Shurapala I) |
| BP Sinha (1977) | 860–865 (along with Shurapala I) |
| DC Sircar (1975–76) | 858–860 |
Vigrahapala was of peaceful disposition, and abdicated the throne in favour of his son Narayanpala.
# Isochorista pumicosa

Isochorista pumicosa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria and Tasmania.
The wingspan is 12.5 mm. The forewings are ashy fuscous with about ten black striae (lines), somewhat mixed with ferruginous scales, on the costal edge separated by whitish scales. The hindwings are dark fuscous, but darker posteriorly. Adults have been recorded on wing in February.
# Édouard Dammann

Édouard Dammann was a French rower. He competed in the men's single sculls event at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
# Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute

The Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute was a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan policy research organization established in 1993 to address the challenges to global security and stability in the early 21st century, with a special, but not exclusive focus on the elimination of chemical weapons and biological weapons. It fosters this goal through an innovative program of research, analysis, technical support, training, and education. CBACI's objective was to promote a strategic approach to contemporary national security challenges that fosters the translation of ideas into action.
The Institute emphasized not only issues of immediate national concern but also problems that reflect the dynamics of a new global environment, take shape from the complex interaction of security, science, and technology, and present demanding decision-making challenges to national and international leaders.
The Institute's research program was designed to alert leaders in government, industry, media, and the scientific community to problems before they became crises, to challenge conventional wisdom in light of new realities, and to promote the integration of diverse perspectives into decision options that effectively balance competing interests. CBACI attempted to stress studies and analyses whose hallmarks were their anticipatory nature, action orientation, integrative approach, policy focus, and political realism.
CBACI ceased operations in 2007.
# MV Norris Castle (1942)

MV Norris Castle was built, in 1942, by Alexander Finlay & Co in Glasgow. She was originally constructed as a tank landing craft, LCT 828, for the Normandy landings. She was 180 ft (55 m) long and had a capacity of 473 gross tons. Acquired in 1947 by Red Funnel, she made her first service voyage on 23 July 1948 and operated as a car ferry until sold in 1962. As she could load from both the front and side, she was used on the Southampton to East Cowes service. Norris Castle made her last sailing for Red Funnel on 16 March 1962.
After withdrawal from service in 1962, she was sold to Compania Maritima Santa Kynaki SA for further service in the Greek Islands. The same year ownership was passed to D Filipopulous and she was renamed Aghios Dionisios. In 2000, she was renamed Galina S by her new owners, the National Shipping Company, and registered in Honduras. She still appeared on Lloyds Register in 2008–09, though with no details of ownership or registration.
# The Scowcroft Group

The Scowcroft Group is an international business advisory firm managed by Brent Scowcroft, former National Security Advisor to U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Gerald Ford.
The company claims regional expertise in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Western and Eastern Europe, Russia, and the Middle East and consults in matters of political economy of emerging markets and has strong relationships with key political and industry decision-makers. The company provided strategic and investment advice to industry leaders in the telecommunications, insurance, aeronautics, energy, and financial products sectors. They also cater to foreign direct investors in the electronics, utilities, energy, and food industries; and investors in the fixed income, equity, and commodity markets worldwide.

## History

The Scowcroft Group was founded in Washington, D.C., in 1994 by Brent Scowcroft.
# Augusto Anfossi

Augusto Anfossi (born 1802 in Nice; died 21 March 1848 in Milan)
Born in Nice, Kingdom of Sardinia, he received a Jesuit education. He disliked his education so much that he attacked his teachers, with the consequence of being exiled to France. There he served in the French Army but returned to Piedmont after the accession of Charles Albert, only to be exiled again in 1831. He joined the Egyptian cause against the Turks, but the movements in 1848 Italy caused his return to Milan.
During the Five Days of Milan, Anfossi was in personal command for the fight of Porta Nuova, and was victorious. On 21 March, the fourth day of the revolt, he was mortally wounded and replaced by Luciano Manara.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 Maurice, Charles Edmund (1887). The revolutionary movement of 1848-9 in Italy, Austria Hungary, and Germany. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Hololepta quadridentata

Hololepta quadridentata is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in Central America, North America, and South America.
# Blackpool pier

Blackpool pier may refer to one of three piers in the English seaside resort town of Blackpool, in Lancashire:
* North Pier, Blackpool
* Central Pier, Blackpool
* South Pier, Blackpool
# A Buck or Two

A Buck or Two Stores Ltd. is a Canadian owned and operated chain of discount retail stores that sell party supplies, cards and wrap, confection, school & office supplies, toys and crafts, seasonal items, housewares, hardware, and other essentials. It has been open since 1988.
Merchandise is mostly priced at $2.00 or less, and consists of both new merchandise (usually imported, though sometimes of Canadian origin) and closeouts. It has locations across Canada.
* Alberta (5)
* British Columbia (5)
* Newfoundland (10)
* Ontario (20)
* Quebec (6)
# Grand Forks, Idaho

Grand Forks was a town in Shoshone County, Idaho which was destroyed by the Great Fire of 1910. Its site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
It once flourished as a railway town. The site is little-changed since the town was burned. It was deemed "significant as an area that was not reoccupied or altered after that disaster."
It is located east of Avery, Idaho.
# 2022–23 City Oilers season

The 2022–23 City Oilers season was the 12th season in the existence of the City Oilers basketball team from Uganda. The Oilers made their debut in the Basketball Africa League (BAL). Under head coach Mandy Juruni, they played in the Nile Conference and finished in fifth place following a 1–5 record.

## Roster

The following was the City Oilers roster for the 2023 BAL season.

## Player statistics

    After all games.
City Oilers statistics :
| Player | GP | MPG | FG% | 3FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| Falando Jones | 5 | 32.9 | .456 | .448 | .742 | 6.4 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 21.6 |
| James Justice Jr. | 5 | 34.6 | .395 | .280 | 1.000 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 19.0 |
| Germaine Roebuck | 5 | 28.0 | .444 | .286 | .278 | 7.6 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 13.0 |
| Tonny Drileba | 3 | 17.9 | .385 | .385 | 1.000 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 5.7 |
| Titus Odeke | 5 | 21.3 | .370 | .429 | .167 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.4 |
| Jimmy Enabu | 5 | 17.4 | .375 | .250 | .143 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 3.0 |
| Fayed Baale | 5 | 11.4 | .182 | .167 | .600 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.8 |
| Ngor Barnaba | 5 | 13.1 | .313 | .222 | .500 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.8 |
| Segune Obe | 5 | 7.1 | .250 | .000 | .500 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.6 |
| Abdihakim Ghedi | 4 | 9.1 | .250 | .000 | .667 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| James Okello | 5 | 14.2 | .143 | .000 | .667 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
| Edrine Walujjo | 2 | 1.8 | .000 | .000 | .000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Ivan Muhwezi | 2 | 3.0 | .000 | .000 | .000 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
# Uganda at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games

Uganda competed at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia, from 22 November to 1 December 1962.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Bronze | Benson Ishiepai | Athletics | Men's 440 yards hurdles | 26 November |
| Bronze | Amos Omolo | Athletics | Men's 440 yards | 29 November |

## Athletics
### Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 2 | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| James Odongo Oduka | 100 yd | 9.9 | 4 Q | 10.3 | 5 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| James Odongo Oduka | 220 yd | 22.6 | 4 Q | 22.5 | 5 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Amos Omolo | 440 yd | 47.1 | 1 Q | — | — | 46.9 | 2 Q | 46.8 | |
| Amos Omolo | 440 yd | 48.5 | 3 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Robert Rwakojo | 1 mile | 4:11.1 | 6 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Charles Eswau | 120 yd hurdles | 15.0 | 4 Q | — | — | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Benson Ishiepai | 120 yd hurdles | DNS | DNS | — | — | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Benson Ishiepai | 440 yd hurdles | 52.0 | 1 Q | — | — | — | — | 52.3 | |
| Jerome Ochana | 440 yd hurdles | DNF | DNF | — | — | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Ludovico Amukun | 3000 m steeplechase | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9:32.0 | 9 |
| Vinancio Okwera | Marathon | — | — | — | — | — | — | DNF | DNF |
| Deogatius Rwabugwene | Marathon | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2:42:28 | 11 |
| George Zebukire | Marathon | — | — | — | — | — | — | DNF | DNF |

### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Rank |
| Patrick Etolu | High jump | 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) | 9 |
| William Kamanyi | Long jump | 23 ft 11+1⁄2 in (7.30 m) | 10 |
| Sev Obura | Long jump | 23 ft 9+1⁄4 in (7.25 m) | 11 |
| Lawrence Ogwang | Triple jump | 48 ft 9 in (14.86 m) | 9 |
| Yovan Ochola | Shot put | 50 ft 5 in (15.37 m) | 8 |
# Uganda at the 1976 Winter Paralympics

Uganda competed at the inaugural Winter Paralympic Games in 1976 in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.

## Background

Uganda was the only African country to take part in the 1976 Games, and thus the first African country ever to compete at the Winter Paralympics. Uganda was also the only country to compete at the 1976 Winter Paralympics but not at the 1976 Winter Olympics.

## Team

Uganda entered only one athlete, Tofiri Kibuuka, who competed in cross-country skiing. He did not win any medals. Kibuuka would later change nationalities, and go on to represent Norway at the Summer Paralympics at the 1984, 1988 and 1992 Games.

## Cross-country skiing

Uganda's sole representative, Tofiri Kibuuka, competed in two events.
* In the Men's short distance 10 km (category A), he finished 16th (out of 28), with a time of 58:24.
* In the Men's middle distance 15 km (category A), he finished 10th (out of 25), with a time of 1:16:32.