OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacobus Schroeder van der Kolk

Jacobus Ludovicus Conradus Schroeder van der Kolk (Leeuwarden, 14 April 1797 – Utrecht, 1 May 1862) was a Dutch anatomist and physiologist and an influential researcher into the causes of epilepsy and mental illness.
Schroeder van der Kolk's father's surname was Van der Kolk, but he added his mother's maiden name "Schroeder" when her line threatened to die out. He studied medicine at the University of Groningen, where he graduated in 1820. He then practiced medicine in Hoorn and was soon after appointed at the Amsterdam Buitengasthuis hospital. Here Schroeder van der Kolk was influenced by the ideas of Claude François Lallemand and developed his ideas with regards to the etiology of mental illness, particularly the concept that mental illness is a disease than can be treated. He was appointed professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Utrecht in 1826, where he taught gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. In Utrecht, Schroeder van der Kolk's pupils included Franciscus Donders, Hermann Snellen and Barend Joseph Stokvis.
He published over 100 papers on various medical topics. In 1859 he delivered the Sydenham lecture at the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries in London.
Schroeder van der Kolk's best known work is on the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Autopsy studies on the brains of people who had suffered of epilepsy in life showed changes in the medulla oblongata (part of the brainstem), and Schroeder van der Kolk stated that seizures must therefore originate in this area. Several decades later it was discovered that seizures arise from the cerebral cortex. He conducted other studies in neuroanatomy, such as into the organisation of the spinal cord.
Other important work was in the nature and causes of mental illness. Apart from Lallemand he was also influenced by the French psychiatrists Philippe Pinel and Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol. His work in this area led to him being appointed general inspector for psychiatric institutions.
Schroeder van der Kolk married twice, first to Cornelia Templeman and after being widowed of her to Geertruid Elizabeth Schroeder, whose father was professor of mathematics in Utrecht. He had one child from the first and five from the second marriage.
Schroeder van der Kolk became a correspondent of the Royal Institute in 1831 and was admitted as member in 1846. When the Royal Institute became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1855 he became a member.
# Atari FREDDIE

FREDDIE is the name for a 40-pin large scale integrated circuit found in later model Atari 8-bit computers. It is a RAM address multiplexer, used for DRAM access. Atari created this chip to replace several other chips to cut costs and to enhance CPU and ANTIC memory access.
FREDDIE, combined with a C061618 MMU (XL/XE) and C025953 EMMU (130XE) allows the CPU and ANTIC to access memory independently of each other. Originally designed for the cancelled 1400XL and 1450XLD, it was eventually used in the 800XLF (labelled "800XL," refers to European version), 65XE, 130XE, and XEGS.
# Jackson Township, Jones County, Iowa

Jackson Township is a township in Jones County, Iowa.

## History

Jackson Township was organized in 1851.
# Atenica

Atenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Атеница) is a village in the municipality of Čačak, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, Atenica has a population of 558 people.
# Aspidosperma megalocarpon

Aspidosperma megalocarpon is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It can be found in Belize, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Venezuela, and NW Brazil.

## Subspecies

As of February 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted two subspecies:
* Aspidosperma megalocarpon subsp. curranii (Standl.) Marc.-Ferr. - Panama, Colombia
* Aspidosperma megalocarpon subsp. megalocarpon - from Veracruz to NW Brazil

## Conservation

Aspidosperma megalocarpon has been assessed as "near threatened". Under the synonym Aspidosperma curranii, A. megalocarpon subsp. curranii has been assessed as "vulnerable".
# Jaco Fourie

Jaco Fourie is a South African equestrian athlete and SA National Champion in dressage. He moved from Kimberley, South Africa and now resides in Cape Town, South Africa. He appeared on the cover of the May 2007 edition of the SA Horseman Magazine. He married Magda Fourie in 2009 and together they have 2 daughters, Hanneke and Adelinde and a son Andrè Fourie. The couple own and manage Areion Warmblood Horses & Dressage Academy. His wife, Magda, died on 26 July 2019 and he has been a single father ever since.

## Riding career

Jaco Fourie started his riding career in the family business of his father and 2 brothers at the age of 4, and was tutored and mentored by many riding professionals to young adulthood. He had training from bereiters and instructors from the Spanish Riding School in Vienna, the SA Lipizzaner Centre, Natalie Hobday and Jonny Hilberath (GER).
His first Free State Provincial Colours were awarded in 2003, and received his National Protea Colours for dressage in 2007. Fourie has represented his home-country, South Africa in the Equestrian Tri-Nations Competition on two occasions in 2007 and 2008 in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. He won the SA Championships in 2006, 2007 and 2008. He also won the FEI World Dressage Challenge in 2005. He is the leading South African rider in the South African National Equestrian Federation's dressage rankings.
He worked full-time as stud manager for CALLAHO Warmblood Sport Horses, a South African based horse breeding stud farm, who is also a major sponsor of international riders, but has since moved onto his own property where he owns & manages Areion Warmblood Horses & Dressage Academy. He has subsequently followed a parallel career as equestrian dressage coach, and coach developer for the South African Equestrian Federation, designated as National Coach Education Advisor (NCEA) by SASCA in 2020.

## Horses

His first pony was a crossbred Welsh pony named Prins. In dressage, Fourie rode CALLAHO's For Joy, CALLAHO's Granulit, CALLAHO's Rosengirl, CALLAHO's Benicio and AREION's Deja Vu to National honours. However, he had various other successes with horses FD Ref's Asterix, Etherow Impasse, Brandenburg Super C, Alzu Catapault, Kehilan Shaheer, Orly and Kingsdale Kildaire amongst others. His current rising star is a Hanoverian stallion "FHM" whom he is training in dressage.
# Atomaria fimetarii

Atomaria fimetarii is a species of silken fungus beetle native to Europe.
# Jahadakeroun-1

JahadaKeron-1 is a village development committee in Morang District in the Kosi Zone of south-eastern BayarbanKeroun VDC nepal in Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1080 people living in 298 individual households.
# Jahadi

Jahadi is a village development committee situated at the southwest corner of Jagdishpur Reservoir, within Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. According to the 1991 Nepal census, it was home to a population of 4,324 individuals residing in 708 households.
# Jacques Varennes

Jacques Varennes (6 September 1894 – 8 November 1958) was a French film actor who appeared in around seventy films during his career. He appeared in Maurice Tourneur's 1938 historical film The Patriot.

## Selected filmography

* The Lovers of Midnight (1931) - Gaston Bouchard
* The Devil's Holiday (1931) - Charlie Thorne
* Fra Diavolo (1931) - Viani
* When Love Is Over (1931) - Robert Fournier
* Le disparu de l'ascenseur (1932) - Alfred Tortoran
* Criez-le sur les toits (1932)
* Antoinette (1932) - M. de Saurin
* The House of Mystery (1933) - Henri Corradin
* Une nuit de folies (1934) - Julot
* Chansons de Paris (1934) - Bermasse
* Brevet 95-75 (1934) - Pierre Violey
* Little Jacques (1934) - Daniel Mortal
* Le bossu (1934) - Le prince de Gonzague
* Jim la houlette (1935) - Maitre Clisson
* Le bébé de l'escadron (1935)
* Un soir de bombe (1935) - Paulo
* Un de la légion (1936) - Durand
* La joueuse d'orgue (1936) - Robert Bernier
* Enfants de Paris (1937)
* La tour de Nesle (1937) - Jehan Buridan
* L'affaire du courrier de Lyon (1937) - Le président Gohier
* The Fraudster (1937) - Jacques
* The Innocent (1938) - Le docteur
* Un meurtre a été commis (1938) - Le Jouyeux
* Gosse de riche (1938) - Chassigny
* The Patriot (1938) - Panine
* Prince Bouboule (1939) - Stanik
* Fric-Frac (1939) - Tintin
* Une main a frappé (1939) - Mérignan
* Personal Column (1939) - Maxime
* Saturnin de Marseille (1941) - Le beau-père
* Sins of Youth (1941) - Firmin, le maître d'hôtel
* Nadia la femme traquée (1942) - Rouaumont
* The Duchess of Langeais (1942) - Le duc de Langeais
* The Guardian Angel (1942) - Tirandier
* Le Destin fabuleux de Désirée Clary (1943) - Bernadotte
* Monsieur des Lourdines (1943) - La Marzelière
* Don't Shout It from the Rooftops (1943) - Octave
* Les Roquevillard (1943) - Maître Frasne
* Finance noire (1943) - Le préfet de police
* Vautrin (1943) - Grandville
* La Malibran (1944) - La Fayette
* Pamela (1945) - Rochecotte
* Échec au roy (1945) - Le duc de Montgobert
* The Eagle with Two Heads (1948) - Comte de Foehn
* The Lame Devil (1948) - Le général de La Fayette
* Les casse-pieds (1948)
* Orpheus (1950) - Judge
* Murders (1950) - Hervé Annequin
* Darling Caroline (1951) - Le marquis de Bièvre / Duke
* La Poison (1951) - Le procureur
* Le chemin de la drogue (1952) - Garbo
* Mandat d'amener (1953) - Le procureur général
* Royal Affairs in Versailles (1954) - Colbert (uncredited)
* On Trial (1954) - Le juge d'instruction
* The Red and the Black (1954) - Le président du tribunal
* Les Diaboliques (1955) - M. Bridoux, professeur
* Napoleon (1955) - Boissy d'Anglas (uncredited)
* Une fille épatante (1955) - Le Président
* Maid in Paris (1956)
* If Paris Were Told to Us (1956) - Scherer
* Les carottes sont cuites (1956)
* Lovers and Thieves (1956) - Le président des Assises
* L'étrange Monsieur Steve (1957) - Arthur - le valet de chambre
* Quay of Illusions (1959) - (final film role)
# Ateleta

Ateleta is a comune and town in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central-southern Italy. Alongside Ala, Onano, Orero and Siris, it is one of five Italian municipalities with a palindromic name.
# Ategumia fatualis

Ategumia fatualis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Julius Lederer in 1863. It is native to Java and the Philippines, but was introduced to Hawaii and Kauai in 1958 for the control of Melastoma malabathricum.
The larvae feed on Melastoma malabathricum. They roll the leaves of their host plant.
# Astathes episcopalis

Astathes episcopalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1852. It is known from North Korea, Taiwan and China.
# Aurora Research Institute

Aurora Research Institute, formerly Science Institute of the NWT, is a research centre in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is part of Aurora College, with offices in Inuvik, Yellowknife and Fort Smith.
Aurora Research Institute offers licensing and research assistance in the Northwest Territories. The institute provides logistical support in the form of laboratory facilities, office space, storage, accommodation and equipment rentals for visiting researchers and promotes science in northern schools. Licensing under the Northwest Territories Scientists Act is handled by the Aurora Research Institute.

## Mission

Aurora Research Institute promotes communication between researchers and the people of the land in which they work. Increasing public awareness of the importance of science, technology and indigenous knowledge is a key goal.

## History

The Science Institute of the Northwest Territories was created by the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in 1984. In 1995, the Science Institute of the Northwest Territories divided and was merged with Arctic College in Nunavut and Aurora College in the Northwest Territories.
# Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's 400 metres T11

The Men's 400m T11 had its first round held on September 14, beginning at 11:15. The Semifinals were held on September 15, at 17:10 and the Final was held on September 16 at 19:54.

## Medalists

| Gold | Lucas Prado Brazil |
| Silver | Jose Armando Angola |
| Bronze | Oleksandr Ivaniukhin Ukraine |

## Results

| Place | Athlete | Round 1 | Semifinals | Final |
| 1 | Lucas Prado (BRA) | 51.84 Q | 51.84 Q | 50.27 |
| 2 | Jose Armando (ANG) | 51.52 Q | 51.32 q | 50.44 |
| 3 | Oleksandr Ivaniukhin (UKR) | 52.70 Q | 50.79 Q | 50.82 |
| 4 | Daniel Silva (BRA) | 52.47 Q | 51.93 q | 52.05 |
| 5 | Tresor Makunda (FRA) | 52.89 q | 51.99 | |
| 6 | Octavio dos Santos (ANG) | 52.66 q | 52.52 | |
| 7 | Jon Dunkerley (CAN) | 54.59 q | 54.27 | |
| 8 | Dao van Cuong (VIE) | 54.38 q | 54.36 | |
| 9 | Aladji Ba (FRA) | 54.98 | | |
| 10 | Matthias Schmidt (GER) | 55.38 | | |
| 11 | Dustin Walsh (CAN) | 55.48 | | |
| 12 | Kitsana Jorchuy (THA) | 56.78 | | |
| | Arian Iznaga (CUB) | DNS | | |
# Jade Mountain (Alaska)

Jade Mountain is a mountain in the North Slope Borough, Alaska located two miles (3.2 km) southwest of Toolik Lake on Alaska State land. The name refers to the color of the moss-covered tundra around the summit.
It is a popular hike for researchers at the Toolik Lake Field Station.
# Jacques Vaché

Jacques Vaché (7 September 1895 – 6 January 1919) was a friend of André Breton, the founder of surrealism. Vaché was one of the chief inspirations behind the Surrealist movement. As Breton said:
    "En littérature, je me suis successivement épris de Rimbaud, de Jarry, d'Apollinaire, de Nouveau, de Lautréamont, mais c'est à Jacques Vaché que je dois le plus"
    ("In literature, I was successively taken with Rimbaud, with Jarry, with Apollinaire, with Nouveau, with Lautréamont, but it is Jacques Vaché to whom I owe the most")
He was born on 7 September 1895 in Lorient, France, and died in a hotel room in Nantes on 6 January 1919 from an overdose of opium. Alongside him lay the naked body of another French soldier. André Breton believed his death to be a suicide. He was known for his indifference and for wearing a monocle.
# Atkarsky Uyezd

Atkarsky Uyezd (Аткарский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Saratov Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Atkarsk.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Atkarsky Uyezd had a population of 289,813. Of these, 81.2% spoke Russian, 13.4% Ukrainian, 5.1% German, 0.1% Mordvin and 0.1% Tatar as their native language.
# Atsuya Hirohata

Atsuya Hirohata (廣畑敦也, Hirohata Atsuya, born December 3, 1997) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He is a pitcher for the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
# Atsuya Okuda

Atsuya Okuda (奥田 敦也 Okuda Atsuya) is a Japanese-born master player and teacher jinashi shakuhachi, an unrefined bamboo flute. Prior to dedicating his efforts to the bamboo flute, he was a professional jazz trumpet player from approximately 1965 until 1985.

## Biography

Since the death of Watazumi Doso in 1992, some regard Atsuya Okuda as the greatest living jinashi shakuhachi player. His style is very quiet and subtle and his patience has been described as "geological in dimension".
Okuda has taught shakuhachi since 1985 but until releasing The Sound of Zen in 2002, he refused to record his playing. He believed that only live sound leads to an understanding of jinashi shakuhachi. As of 2005, Atsuya Okuda lives and teaches in Kokubunji, a suburb of Tokyo.

## Album

* The Sound of Zen (2002)
* Bamboo Zen (2010)
* Plays Jinashi nobe Shakuhachi (2011)
* So-Zen (2013)
* Southern Island" - Tales of Palawan Island (2014)
* Tales of Bamboo (2014)
# Autodesk Gameware

Autodesk Gameware is a discontinued middleware software suite developed by Autodesk. The suite contained tools that enable designers to create game lighting, character animation, low level path finding, high-level AI and advanced user interfaces. On July 12, 2017, Autodesk removed Scaleform, Beast, HumanIK, and Navigation from their online store, and announced the ending of support for the products.

## Products

The Gameware suite consisted of the following modules:
* Scaleform: A vector graphics rendering engine used to display Adobe Flash-based user interfaces, HUDs, and animated textures for games, developed by Scaleform Corporation. Also includes Scaleform Video and Scaleform IME.
* Beast: A global illumination solution featuring natural lighting effects: color bounce, soft shadows, high-dynamic-range rendering, and lighting of moving objects in real-time game environments.
* HumanIK: A character animation middleware library with full body inverse kinematics. Can be integrated into animation engines such as Autodesk MotionBuilder.
* Gameware Navigation: Artificial intelligence middleware providing automatic NavMesh generation, pathfinding, and path following in complex game environments. Originally developed as Kynapse by Kynogon.
* FBX: Asset exchange technology that facilitates 3D data transfer between multiple software applications.

### Beast

Beast is a content pipeline tool used for advanced global illumination and dynamic character relighting. Beast is developed and sold by Swedish games lighting technology company Illuminate Labs (acquired by Autodesk in 2010). Beast is used to make light maps, shadow maps and point clouds with advanced global illumination. Beast can precalculate lighting for light maps, shadow maps and point clouds, to bake occlusion or normal maps or to generate light fields for dynamic relighting of characters and objects.
Beast has built-in integration with Gamebryo Lightspeed and Epic's Unreal Engine, Evolution and several other in-house game engines. In March 2010, Unity Technologies announced that the next version of Unity would feature built-in Beast lightmapping and global illumination off the shelf. There is an API available for projects working with Beast but not ready for integration. The Beast API is a programming interface designed to make it as easy as possible to create a Beast integration with any game engine.
Beast has been used in games such as: Mario Kart 8, Mirror's Edge, CrimeCraft, Army of Two: The 40th Day, Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe and Alpha Protocol.
The new Beast was presented at GDC 2010 in San Francisco. The new version of Beast features two entirely new modules called DistriBeast and eRnsT. DistriBeast is an extremely fast and easy to use distribution engine for managing render farms. eRnsT is a real-time visualizer that allows artists to explore and control the lighting set-up without having to run a complete bake.
# Autogenic succession

"Auto-" meaning self or same, and "-genic" meaning producing or causing. Autogenic succession refers to ecological succession driven by biotic factors within an ecosystem and although the mechanisms of autogenic succession have long been debated, the role of living things in shaping the progression of succession was realized early on. Presently, there is more of a consensus that the mechanisms of facilitation, tolerance, and inhibition all contribute to autogenic succession. The concept of succession is most often associated with communities of vegetation and forests, though it is applicable to a broader range of ecosystems. In contrast, allogenic succession is driven by the abiotic components of the ecosystem.

## How it occurs

The plants themselves (biotic components) cause succession to occur.
* Light captured by leaves
* Production of detritus
* Water and nutrient uptake
* Nitrogen fixation
* anthropogenic climate change
These aspects lead to a gradual ecological change in a particular spot of land, known as a progression of inhabiting species. Autogenic succession can be viewed as a secondary succession because of pre-existing plant life. A 2000 case study in the journal Oecologia tested the hypothesis that areas with high plant diversity could suppress weed growth more effectively than those with lower plant diversity.

### Facilitation

* Improvement of site factors like increased organic matter

### Inhibition

* Hinders species or growth
# Athletics at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres competition at the 2022 Asian Games took place on 4 October 2023 at the HOC Stadium, Hangzhou.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Wednesday, 4 October 2023 | 19:40 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Joshua Cheptegei (UGA) | 12:35.36 | Monaco | 14 August 2020 |
| Asian Record | Albert Rop (BRN) | 12:51.96 | Monaco | 19 July 2013 |
| Games Record | Mohamad Al-Garni (QAT) | 13:26.13 | Incheon, South Korea | 27 September 2014 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Birhanu Balew (BRN) | 13:17.40 | GR |
| | Avinash Sable (IND) | 13:21.09 | |
| | Dawit Fikadu (BRN) | 13:25.63 | SB |
| 4 | Gulveer Singh (IND) | 13:29.93 | PB |
| 5 | Mohamad Al-Garni (QAT) | 13:37.49 | |
| 6 | Keita Satoh (JPN) | 13:39.18 | |
| 7 | Zhaxi Ciren (CHN) | 13:56.57 | |
| 8 | Tariq Al-Amri (KSA) | 14:02.94 | |
| 9 | Yaser Bagharab (QAT) | 14:03.25 | SB |
| 10 | Baek Seung-ho (KOR) | 14:17.87 | SB |
| 11 | Gopi Chandra Parki (NEP) | 14:22.15 | PB |
| 12 | Robi Syianturi (INA) | 14:24.04 | PB |
| 13 | Sohail Amir (PAK) | 14:42.68 | |
| 14 | Munkhbayar Narandulam (MGL) | 14:42.79 | PB |
| 15 | Felisberto de Deus (TLS) | 14:43.88 | SB |
| 16 | Bat-Ochiryn Ser-Od (MGL) | 14:48.33 | |
| 17 | Muhammad Akhtar (PAK) | 15:02.36 | |
| 18 | Ouk Rohit (CAM) | 15:38.56 | |
| — | Hossein Keyhani (IRI) | DNS | |
| — | Kieran Tuntivate (THA) | DNS | |
# Jaffalie Mussa

Jaffalie Mussa is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Local Government and Rural Development in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2004 by the former president of Malawi, Bakili Muluzi. His term began in June 2004.
# Athrips bidzilyai

Athrips bidzilyai is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Russia (the southern Ural and southern Buryatia). The habitat consists of rocky steppe slopes and grassy lowland steppes.
The wingspan is 13–13.5 mm. Adults are on wing in the second half of June.

## Etymology

The species is named in honour of Dr. Oleksiy Bidzilya.
# Athrips asarinella

Athrips asarinella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in France.
The larvae feed on Antirrhinum asarina.
# Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw B2

The Men's discus throw B2 was a field event in athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics, for visually impaired athletes.

## Results
### Final

| Place | Athlete | Width |
| 1 | Sergei Khodakov (IPP) | 40.82 |
| 2 | Gueorgui Sakelarov (BUL) | 40.50 |
| 3 | Yolmer Urdaneta (VEN) | 40.10 |
| 4 | Raimo Heikkinen (FIN) | 39.36 |
| 5 | Siegmund Hegeholz (GER) | 37.12 |
| 6 | Mark Davies (AUS) | 37.10 |
| 7 | Jaan Jensen (EST) | 36.54 |
| 8 | Andrzej Godlewski (POL) | 33.98 |
| 9 | Barack Ochieng (KEN) | 28.24 |
| 10 | Pedro Alvarado (PUR) | 24.80 |
| - | Karl Mayr (AUT) | DNS |
# Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metres C3–4

The Men's 100 metres C3-4 was a track event in athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics, for visually impaired athletes. It consisted of two semi-finals and a final.

## Results
### Final

| Place | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | David Larson (USA) | 16:67 |
| 2 | Ross Davis (USA) | 16:96 |
| 3 | Joe Zuppanic (CAN) | 18:74 |
| 4 | Marcus Asbury (GBR) | 18:92 |
| 5 | Pieter Prinsloo (RSA) | 19:06 |
| 6 | Christopher Ridgway (USA) | 19:40 |
| 7 | Juan Enriquez (ESP) | 19:64 |
| 8 | Jeremy Rempel (CAN) | 21:42 |