OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wolfgang Gerhardt

Wolfgang Gerhardt (31 December 1943 – 13 September 2024) was a German politician and the leader of the Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP) from 1995 until he was succeeded by Guido Westerwelle in 2001.

## Political career

Gerhardt was born in Ulrichstein, Hesse. He studied pedagogics, political science and German studies and completed his doctorate 1970 in Marburg. He was a member of the Landtag of Hesse from 1978 until 1994. Between 1987 and 1991, he served as State Minister for Science and Culture and Deputy Minister-President in the state government of Minister-President Walter Wallmann of Hesse. In this capacity, he was one of the state's representatives on the Bundesrat.
Gerhardt was member of the Deutscher Bundestag from 1994 to 2013. Gerhardt served as chair of the Free Democratic Party from 1995 to 2001 and also chaired its grouping in the Bundestag from 1998 to 2006.
From 2002 until 2012, Gerhardt was Vice President of Liberal International (LI), under the leadership of successive presidents Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck (2002–2005), John Alderdice (2005–2009), and Hans van Baalen (2009–2011).
Ahead of the 2005 national elections, Gerhard was billed as a possible foreign minister in a new centre-right coalition with the Christian Democrats; instead, newly elected Chancellor Angela Merkel entered a coalition with the Social Democratic Party. From 2006 to 2018, Gerhardt served as chairman of the board of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation.

## Political positions

Gerhardt campaigned for a free pluralistic society and advocated for personal responsibility and independent judgment. He was concerned about fair educational opportunities.
For some of his opponents, Gerhardt was too calm. He was succeeded in his most influential positions as Leader of the Opposition, Leader of the Free Democratic Party in the Bundestag and Leader of the Free Democratic Party by Guido Westerwelle.

## Other activities

Source:

### Corporate boards

* Alte Leipziger Lebensversicherung aG, Member of the Advisory Board
* Hallesche-Nationale Krankenversicherung aG, Member of the Advisory Board
* Rücker AG, Member of the Supervisory Board
* Deutsche Vermögensberatung (DVAG), Member of the Advisory Board (1995)

### Non-profits

* Theodor Heuss House, Chairman of the Board of Trustees
* Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the Board of Trustees
* German Association for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (BVMW), Member of the Political Advisory Board
* Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Member of the Advisory Board
* German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Member of the Council (2005–2013)
* Turkey: Culture of Change Initiative (TCCI), Member of the Advisory Board

## Personal life and death

Gerhardt was married and had two children. He died in Wiesbaden, Hesse, on 13 September 2024, at the age of 80.

## Writings

* Gerhardt, Wolfgang (1997). Es geht (in German). München: Ferenczy bei Bruckmann. ISBN 978-3-7654-2883-8.

### Dissertation

* Gerhardt, Wolfgang (1971). Die bildungspolitische Diskussion in der FDP von 1945–1951 (in German). OCLC 612941060.
# David Wyman (sound engineer)

David Wyman is an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Greyhound.

## Selected filmography

* Greyhound (2020; co-nominated with Warren Shaw, Michael Minkler and Beau Borders)
# Gmina Garwolin

Gmina Garwolin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Garwolin, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.
The gmina covers an area of 136 square kilometres (52.5 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population is 11,919.

## Villages

Gmina Garwolin contains the villages and settlements of Budy Uśniackie, Czyszkówek, Ewelin, Feliksin, Górki, Izdebnik, Jagodne, Krystyna, Lucin, Miętne, Natalia, Niecieplin, Nowy Puznów, Rębków, Rębków-Parcele, Ruda Talubska, Sławiny, Stara Huta, Stary Puznów, Stoczek, Sulbiny Górne, Taluba, Unin-Kolonia, Uśniaki, Wilkowyja, Władysławów, Wola Rębkowska, Wola Władysławowska and Zakącie.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Garwolin is bordered by the town of Garwolin and by the gminas of Borowie, Górzno, Łaskarzew, Osieck, Parysów, Pilawa, Sobienie-Jeziory and Wilga.
# Thomas Gregg

Thomas Gregg (18 November 1859 – 25 March 1938) was an English professional cricket player who played 35 first-class matches for Gloucestershire and Somerset in the 1880s. He was born in Nottinghamshire, where he had trials to play cricket, but he moved south after failing to make the county team. He was misused in his solitary match for Somerset in 1883, but his ability as a fast bowler was identified by Gloucestershire, and he played regularly there from 1884 until 1886. He made his final first-class appearance in 1889, finishing his career with 55 wickets. He died at the age of 36 after suffering general paralysis.

## Life and career

Gregg was born into a working-class family in Wilford, Nottinghamshire on 18 November 1859. His father worked as a farm hand, and later a miner, while his mother was a laundress. Possessing a strong physique, Gregg became a professional cricketer, and had trials at Nottinghamshire. He played in trial matches in both 1879 and 1880, but he failed to get into a strong Nottinghamshire team which was regularly vying for the title of Champion County during the 1880s. He moved into the south west of England, where he played for Newent Cricket Club. He was selected by Somerset for one match in 1883 for a match at Lord's against the Marylebone Cricket Club. MCC Scores and Biographies described him as a "hard and powerful hitter and a fast bowler". He was misused by Somerset, who played him as a batsman, and only brought him on as their fifth bowler; he took three wickets in the match, but only scored one run.
He did not play for Somerset again, and the next season he appeared for neighbouring county Gloucestershire. Used as an opening bowler by their captain, W. G. Grace, Gregg immediately provided a better return for his new county, collecting five wickets against Yorkshire. That 1884 season was Gregg's best; he claimed 21 wickets in first-class cricket at an average of 16.95, and took the only five-wicket haul of his career, when he took six wickets for the South in their annual fixture against the North. Though not much of a batsman, averaging just 8.98 in first-class cricket, Gregg did score one half-century when he reached 62 runs against Sussex in 1885. Gregg played regularly for Gloucestershire from 1883 until 1886, and then returned for one final match in 1889. He completed his first-class career with 55 wickets at an average of 28.00.
Gregg married Frances Alice Ford in 1883, and had three children. In 1894, at the age of 34, he was committed to the Gloucestershire County Lunatic Asylum after suffering general paralysis. Two years later, he died in the asylum on 20 March 1896. A benefit match was held for his wife and family at the County Ground, Bristol which raised £30.
# Amaram Akhilam Prema

Amaram Akhilam Prema is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Jonathan Edwards and produced by Vevkds Prasad. The film stars Vijay Ram and Shivshakti Sachdev along with Naresh, Annapoorna and Srikanth Iyengar in supporting roles. The music was composed by Radhan while cinematography was handled by Rasool Ellore and editing done by Mariappan. The film was released on Aha on 18 September 2020.

## Plot

Akhila (Shivshakti Sachdev) is a calm and introvert girl who loves her father a lot. Even her father loves her like his world. But she makes a mistake eloping with her boyfriend. Later she realises that he is not correct for her and returns. Not to know this that her father stops talking to her.
Heartbroken she decides to study civils as it is her father's dream and make him happy. She comes to her aunt's home for coaching . Amar (Vijay ram) a sweet heart who runs a bookstore with his dad eventually falls for akhila. He knows about her past that she is estranged from her father after making a mistake, Amar decides not to talk to her anymore.
On the results day she is qualified for Indian Administrative Service but still her father has no change of heart. Amar comes back and try to convince his father. Eventually Akhila too falls for Amar but is reluctant as she wants nothing more than her father's approval. The rest of the story is how Amar convinces her father and win his love.

## Cast

* Vijay Ram as Amar
* Shivshakti Sachdev as Akhila
* Naresh as Amar's father
* Srikanth Iyengar as Akhila's father
* Annapoorna as Akhila's grandmother
* Sri Lakshmi as Akhila's aunt
* Siva Reddy
* Ravi Siva Teja as Bujji

## Music

Music for the film was composed by Radhan. Lyrics for the songs were written by Rehman. On 16 September 2020, the first single "Tholi Tholi" was released by Madhura Audio.

## Release

The film was released through Aha on 18 September 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Reception

Thadhagath Pathi of The Times of India wrote that "despite having a good message, the film doesn't stick to its guns". Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu noted the film tells "a familiar tale of love, bonding and egos".
# Cessapalombo

Cessapalombo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Macerata.
Among the churches in the town are:
* Santa Maria in Insula
* San Giovanni Battista
* Abbazia San Salvatore
# Augusta Crichton-Stuart, Marchioness of Bute

Augusta Mary Monica Crichton-Stuart, Marchioness of Bute, DBE, GCStJ (19 August 1880 – 16 May 1947), was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat who was a daughter of Sir Henry Bellingham, 4th Baronet, and Lady Constance Julia Eleanor Georgiana Noel, daughter of Charles Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough.

## Marriage and children

On 6 July 1905, she married John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute (1881-1947), son of John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute, and Hon. Gwendolen Mary Anne Fitzalan-Howard. Their wedding was held at Castle Bellingham, in the village of Castlebellingham in County Louth, Ireland, and was followed by a party at Mount Stuart House in Scotland. A film company was hired to film the event; and it served as one of the earliest examples of the aristocratic classes making a private film.
Both her father and her father-in-law were noted converts to Roman Catholicism.
After her marriage, Augusta Bellingham was styled as The Marchioness of Bute and her married name became Crichton-Stuart. She and her husband had seven children.
* Lady Mary Crichton-Stuart (8 May 1906 – 1980); married Edward Walker and had children
* Sir John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of the County of Bute (4 August 1907 – 14 August 1956); married Lady Eileen Beatrice Forbes and had children
* Lady Jean Crichton-Stuart (28 October 1908 – 23 October 1995); married Lt.-Cmdr. Hon. James Bertie and had two sons; her elder son was Fra' Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie, Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1988 until his death in 2008.
* Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart (12 December 1909 – 1976); married Lady Janet Egida Montgomerie (1911–1999), daughter of Archibald Montgomerie, 16th Earl of Eglinton, and had children.
* Lord David Crichton-Stuart (8 February 1911 – 1970)); married Ursula Packe and had children.
* Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1 February 1913 – 5 February 1956); married Jane von Bahr and had children.
* Lord Rhidian Crichton-Stuart (4 June 1917 – 25 June 1969); married Selina van Wijk and had children.

## War service

During the First World War, the marchioness opened up the family home at Mount Stuart as a military hospital. It was handed to the Admiralty and was a Naval Hospital from 1914-1918. She herself trained to carry out nursing duties, at the Scottish General Hospital at Stobhill.
In recognition of her services, she was invested as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1918. She was also invested as a Dame of Grace, Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and decorated with the Médaille de la Reine Elisabeth of Belgium. She also worked as a nurse, known as Nurse Stuart, with Professor Hepburn at the Third Western Hospital in Cardiff.

## Death

Lord Bute died on 25 April 1947, aged 65. Lady Bute followed almost a month later, in Rothesay on 16 May 1947, aged 66.
# Air Council

Air Council (or Air Force Council) was the governing body of the Royal Air Force until the merger of the Air Ministry with the other armed forces ministries to form the Ministry of Defence in 1964. It was succeeded by the Air Force Board.

## Members of the council

The Air Council was made up of several posts, the names of which changed over time. These included:
* President of the Air Council (1917–1919)
* President – Secretary of State for Air (1919–1964)
* Vice-President of the Air Council – originally held by Lt-Gen Sir David Henderson, who resigned from post; it ceased after that date (1917–1918)
* Under-Secretary of State for Air (1919–1964)
* Chief of the Air Staff (1918–1964)
* Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1930–1964)
* Vice Chief of the Air Staff (1940–1964)
* Air Member for Research and Development, renamed Air Member for Development and Production
* Air Member for Supply and Research (1923–1930)
* Air Member for Supply and Organisation (1930–1964)
* Air Member for Training
* Air Member for Technical Services (1947–1951)
* Controller of Research and Development – from the Ministry of Air Production (MAP)
* Director-General of Aircraft Production and Research
* Director-General of Supply and Research
* Inspector General of the RAF (1918–1919)
* Master-General of Personnel
# Johnnie H. Corns

John Herman Corns (March 21, 1936 – May 12, 2020) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army who served as commander of United States Army Pacific from 1991 until 1993.
Corns was a 1954 graduate of South Charleston High School in West Virginia. He received a B.A. degree in civil government from Marshall University in 1958 and later earned an M.S. degree in public administration from Shippensburg State College. He also received military education at the Armed Forces Staff College and the US Army War College. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant from the ROTC in November 1958. He then went on to serve in the Infantry and Special Forces in Vietnam. His first major command was brigade commander for 2nd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, Korea from 1978 to 1979. Upon promotion to major general, Corns commanded the 6th Infantry Division (Light) as well as Fort Richardson, Alaska from 1986 to 1988. From there he served as commanding general, United States Army Japan and commanding general, IX Corps, APO San Francisco until 1989.
Additional major duty assignments for Corns included serving as the chief of the Plans and Operations Division for the chief of legislative liaison, US Army, as well as deputy chief, legislative liaison, for the Secretary of the US Army. He served as assistant division commander for the 7th Infantry Division, Fort Ord, California, and deputy chief of staff for training for the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, Fort Monroe, Virginia. Gen. Corns was the inspector general for the US Army in Washington, DC from 1989 to 1991. He retired on November 30, 1993.
His awards include the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal, and the Army Staff Identification Badge.
Corns died on May 12, 2020, at the age of 84. He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery on June 24, 2020.
# St. Andrew's Cathedral (Silver Spring, Maryland)

St. Andrew Cathedral is a Ukrainian Orthodox cathedral at 15100 New Hampshire Avenue in Silver Spring, Maryland, United States. It is the seat of the Archbishop of New York-Washington.

## History

St. Andrew’s Parish was founded with a membership of 65 families in the Washington, D.C. area in 1949. The community initially met in rented buildings until it bought and renovated a structure on 16th Street. The congregation purchased the property in Silver Spring in 1986 and commissioned a church building in the Kozak Baroque style. That same year the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl occurred and the church was dedicated in memory of the victims. The church building was finished the following year and it was consecrated on April 24, 1988. It features a mosaic of its patron, St. Andrew, above the entrance on the street façade and five cupolas with gilt Onion domes.
# Twombly

Twombly may refer to:

## People

* Carol Twombly, American calligrapher
* Cy Twombly (1928–2011), American abstract artist
* Hamilton McKown Twombly, railroad tycoon, owner of Vinland Estate
* Mary Twombly (born 1935) American composer, conductor and pianist
* Voltaire P. Twombly, recipient of the Medal of Honor
* Wells Twombly (1935–1977), American sportswriter and author

## Other uses

* Twombly Ridge, Maine, an unorganized area in the United States
* Twombly (cyclecar), an American automobile manufactured between 1913 and 1915
* Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, a United States Supreme Court case
# Dhariala Kahoon

Dhariala Kahoon is a village situated at a hill top in the Kahoon valley 13 kilometres away from the centre of Choa Saidanshah in Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. In a British Army documents of a soldier of this village, the name of village is mentioned as Dehri Kalan and post office of this village was in Dalwal.

## Location

It is one of the largest villages of the Kahoon Valley. Its neighbours include Dulmial and Tatral to the east, Dehri Sydan to the southeast, Arrar to the south, Maghal in the west, there are mountains situated on northern side of the village, with Surlah pass, which connects Kahoon Valley with City of Chakwal in Dhun area.

## Worship

The main thing which differentiates this village from its neighbours is the number of mosques in it. It has 11 mosques in total, which is far more than the other village of the valley. The Darbar Situated there Syed Madad Ali Shah, & ures Performed 10,11 Shaban every year.

## Village information

Its adjacent jungles are famous for a tree called Phoolai, a fragrant tree, and richness of the deer species called Hurial. Also found in wildlife are partridges, Cicies and rabbits. Cement factories in the Kahoon Valley have begun to affect the environment and social set up as labourers from outside the area along with Afghan refugees have migrated to the area.
Dhariala Kahoon is known for its contribution to the Armed Forces, almost every house has at least one person serving in Armed Forces of the country.
# Agnes Irwin School

The Agnes Irwin School is a non-sectarian college preparatory day school for girls from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. It was founded in 1869 by Agnes Irwin in Philadelphia. Irwin, a great-great-granddaughter of Benjamin Franklin, later became the first dean of Radcliffe College. In 1933, the campus moved to Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, and then to its present location in Rosemont in 1961.

## Location and campus

The campus in Rosemont, is 10 miles (16 km) west of Philadelphia. It is in Radnor Township. The campus sits on eighteen-acres.

## Extracurricular

Fourteen varsity sports including basketball, crew, cross country, field hockey, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, squash, swimming and diving, tennis, track, and volleyball. Performing arts include dance, choral and instrumental groups and dramatic and musical productions. Visual arts include studio art, ceramics, photography and media arts. There is a Community Service program and a number of clubs.

## Accreditation and associations

Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (1934), Pennsylvania Association of Independent Schools, National Coalition of Girls’ Schools, Cum Laude Society (1991), National Association of Independent Schools.

## Notable alumnae

* Tory Burch (1984), fashion designer
* Eleanor Stuart Childs, novelist and short story writer$^{:176}$
* Dorothy Harrison Eustis (1904), established The Seeing Eye, an organization dedicated to training guide dogs to help the blind
* Caroline Furness Jayne, ethnologist$^{:986}$
* Lindy Li, political analyst
* Mary Patterson McPherson (1953), executive officer of the American Philosophical Society, former vice president of the Mellon Foundation, former president of Bryn Mawr College
* Kara Ross (1984), jewelry designer
# Hevel

Hevel may refer to:
* A variant of Abel (given name)
** Abel of Cain and Abel
* Hector Hevel (born 1996), Dutch footballer
* Johannes Hevel or Johannes Hevelius (1611–1687), Polish astronomer and politician
* Jules Van Hevel or Jules Vanhevel (1895–1969), Belgian cyclist
* A Hebrew word found in Ecclesiastes
* Hevel, a 1989–1990 artwork by Larry Abramson
# Wix Priory

Wix Priory was a Benedictine nunnery in Wix, Essex, England, founded in around 1125–1135 and dissolved in 1525. The buildings have not survived except for the priory church, which is still in existence as St Mary's Church, Wix.
# Heywood Hill Literary Prize

The Heywood Hill Literary Prize was awarded yearly to a writer, editor, reviewer, collector or publisher for a lifelong contribution to the enjoyment of books. Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire sponsored the award, which included a prize worth £15,000, until his death in 2004. Since then, the prize has not been awarded.
The Heywood Hill Literary Prize :
| Year | Recipient |
| 1995 | Patrick O'Brian |
| 1996 | Penelope Fitzgerald |
| 1997 | John Nicoll |
| 1998 | Norman Lewis and Richard Ollard (shared) |
| 1999 | Jane Gardam |
| 2000 | Charles Causley |
| 2001 | Michael Holroyd |
| 2002 | Michael Frayn |
| 2003 | Mark Amory and Hilary Spurling |
| 2004 | Beryl Bainbridge |
# Ahlstedt

Ahlstedt is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Börje Ahlstedt (born 1939), a Swedish actor
* Fredrik Ahlstedt (1839 – 1901), a Finnish landscape and portrait painter
* Nina Ahlstedt (1853 – 1907), another Finnish painter
* Ida Aalle-Teljo (born "Ida Ahlstedt"; 1875 – 1955), a Finnish politician
* Douglas Ahlstedt (1945 – 2023), an American tenor singer
# Ahlspiess

The ahlspiess (or awl pike) was a thrusting spear developed and used primarily in Germany and Austria from the 15th to 16th centuries. The ahlspiess consisted of a long thin spike of square cross section measuring up to about a metre (39 inches) in length, mounted on a round wooden shaft and sometimes secured with a pair of langets extending from the socket. The length of the shaft ranged from 1.6 to 1.8 m. (5 - 6 feet), and located at the base of the spike was a rondel guard (a circular metal plate) to protect the hands. Large numbers of these weapons have survived and are kept in the arsenal and museums of Vienna as well as the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Some ahlspiesse have thicker spikes which are round and much shorter than the usual form. These are seen in 14th-century illustrations, suggesting that they may have been the precursors of the longer type which came later. These shorter forms are also known by the Italian term candeliere, which refers to a round candlestick of the period that had in the center a small pricket or spike that held the candle in place. An excavated and partially restored candeliere is present in the collection of the castle of Grandson in Switzerland. There were also forms of the ahlspiess which lacked a rondel guard and these were known as "breach pikes".
The ahlspiess is depicted in numerous pieces of renaissance art, including a scene from the Très Belles Heures, a French religious Book of Hours of around 1400. Another is portrayed in a woodcut from the Nuremberg Chronicle of 1493, depicting the Red Sea drowning Pharaoh's army, which is shown carrying a variety of staff weapons including halberds, flails and military forks as well as an ahlspiess. A third is from the emperor Maximilian's book Der Weisskunig of the early 16th century in an illustration entitled "The Battle Against the Blue Company" and is shown being carried by a Swiss soldier.
The ahlspiess was used in other countries as well, including England, and was a popular weapon along with the pollaxe in tournament foot combat among armoured knights.