OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles of Lorraine (bishop of Metz and Strasbourg)

Charles of Lorraine (1 July 1567 – 24 November 1607) was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Metz (from 18 July 1578) and Strasbourg (from 1 July 1592). Pope Sixtus V made him a cardinal-deacon in 1589, and in 1591 gave him the titular church of Sant'Agata dei Goti. He regularly served as stadtholder (regent) for his father in the duchies of Lorraine and Bar.
Charles was born at Nancy, the capital of Lorraine. He was the second son of Duke Charles III and Claude de France, daughter of King Henry II. He studied at the University of Pont-à-Mousson, which his father had founded, and at the University of Trier before moving to the Sorbonne in Paris.
Charles was marked out for a career in the church. He was appointed bishop while still a child. He received canonries in the cathedrals of Trier, Cologne, Mainz and Strasbourg. He was also elected abbot of the abbeys of Gorze, Clairlieu, Saint-Mihiel, Saint-Vincent in Metz and Saint-Victor in Paris.
As bishop of Metz, Charles instituted the Tridentine reforms with the help of the Society of Jesus. He presided over a diocesan synod in 1588, whereat the Minims and Capuchins were established in Metz. On 23 June 1591 he was appointed apostolic legate for the "Three Bishoprics" (Metz, Verdun and Toul) that fell under French rule.
In 1592, there was a disputed episcopal election in the diocese of Strasbourg. The local Protestants chose Johann Georg von Brandenburg, while the Catholic canons fled to Saverne. There, on 9 June, they elected Charles, one of their own since 1585, as bishop in opposition to Georg. The result was a war between the rival factions that lasted until 1604. On 1 July Pope Clement VIII confirmed Charles as administrator of the diocese of Strasbourg.
At Saverne, Charles was joined by his 20-year-old brother Francis, who brought with him forty cavalrymen. During his time at Saverne, raising troops for war, his treasury, managed at Paris by Stefano del Poggio, disbursed 15,386 francs. His first invasion, in 1592, was stopped by Protestant forces under Christian of Anhalt. In 1593, he spent another 35,392 francs on a military campaign in Alsace. In September 1593, through the mediation of King Henry IV of France, the bishopric was divided between the contending prelates: seven districts, including Saverne, went to Charles. This division persisted until 1604, when Georg ceded his rights to Charles, who became sole bishop.
In 1596, following the example of Charles Borromeo, Charles made his first pastoral visit to Strasbourg. In 1597 he oversaw the production of a new missal for the Catholic clergy. In 1597 he founded a Jesuit novitiate in Nancy. He promoted the pilgrimage sites of Mont Sainte-Odile and Marienthal Priory in Haguenau. In 1603 Charles was confirmed by Clement VIII as the primate of Lorraine with his seat and primatial church in Nancy. Following the end of the war in 1604, Charles held a diocesan synod in 1605.
Charles died at Nancy and was buried in the primatial church, today the cathedral.
# Chorasmia (satrapy)

Chorasmia (Old Persian: 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 $^h$Uvārazmiya, 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 $^h$Uvārazmiš) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire in Persia. Chorasmia had become part of the Achaemenid Empire in 522 BCE, and it seems to have been ruled by the satrap of Parthia.
There exists an archaeological site in Kalaly-gyr, modern Turkmenistan, in a rectangular area 1,000 x 600 m surrounded by a defensive wall 15 m thick, and an Achaemenid-style palace at its center, all of which were unfinished, suggesting the Persians' departure from Chorasmia shortly after the beginning of the 4th century BC. By the time of the Persian king Darius III, it had already become an independent kingdom. Its king, Pharasmanes, concluded a peace treaty with Alexander the Great in the winter of 327/328 A.D/C.E. Chorasmia approximately corresponds to the modern-day region of Khwarezm.
# Karadut

Karadut (literally "black mulberry" in Turkish) may refer to the following places in Turkey:
* Karadut, Kahta, a village in the district of Kahta, Adıyaman Province
* Karadut, Koçarlı, a village in the district of Koçarlı, Aydın Province
* Karadut, Musabeyli, a village in Musabeyli District, Kilis Province
# Karadut, Musabeyli

Karadut is a village in the Musabeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 224 in 2022.
In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 15 houses inhabited by Turks.
# Chosonentulus

Chosonentulus is a genus of proturans in the family Acerentomidae. The only species is Chosonentulus chosonicus.
# Charles Richmond

Charles Richmond may refer to:
* Charles Wallace Richmond (1868–1932), American ornithologist
* Charlie Richmond (referee) (born 1968), Scottish former football referee
# Karel Havlíček Borovský (film)

Karel Havlíček Borovský is a 1925 Czechoslovak biographical film drama directed by Karel Lamač. It is about Karel Havlíček Borovský and is set during the 1848 revolutions.

## Cast

* Jan W. Speerger as Karel Havlíček Borovský
* Anny Ondra as Fanny Weidenhofferová
* Karel Lamač as Frantisek Havlíček
* Mary Jansová as Julie Sýkorová
* Anna Opplová as Julie's Mother
* Otto Zahrádka as Prince Windischgrätz
* Robert Ford as Staff Officer
* Rudolf Stahl as Staff Officer
* Theodor Pištěk as Weidenhoffer / minister Augustin Bach
* Max Körner as Newspaper publisher
* Běla Horská as Princess Windischgrätz
* Eduard Malý as Clerk
* Jaroslav Vojta
* Antonín Marek
# Chinese Whispers (novella)

Chinese Whispers is a 1987 novella by Maurice Leitch published as a Hutchinson Novella in Australia and the United Kingdom and as part of the Harper Short Novel Series in the United States. Chinese Whispers was filmed as a BBC Two television drama for the ScreenPlay series in 1989, directed by Stuart Burge, with a screenplay by Maurice Leitch and featuring Niall Buggy in the leading role of Kenny.
# Chinese Whispers (poetry collection)

Chinese Whispers is a 2002 poetry collection by the American writer John Ashbery. It was Ashbery's 20th collection and consists of 65 individual poems.

## Reception

Jeremy Noel Tod of The Guardian called Ashbery "a great nonsense poet", and held forward similarities between his poetry and that of Samuel Foote, Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. Tod grouped Chinese Whispers with Ashbery's last few collections, which he considered to also be concerned with time and old age, and wrote: "Although always oblique about the author's own life, these thick recent collections do feel like diaries. They are various, and they are of uneven quality. A more polished volume could have been compiled from about a third of the poems here. But it suits Ashbery to be prodigal and let the reader choose."
# Karakhs

Karakhs may refer to:
* Azatan, Armenia
* Vanadzor, Armenia
# Chris Barrie (admiral)

Admiral Christopher Alexander Barrie, AC (born 29 May 1945) is a retired senior officer of the Royal Australian Navy, who served as Chief of the Defence Force from 4 July 1998 to 3 July 2002.

## Early life

Barrie was born in the Sydney suburb of Marrickville, New South Wales, on 29 May 1945 to Alexander William Barrie and Dorothy Clare Chrystal. He was educated at North Sydney Boys High School, and entered the Royal Australian Naval College as a cadet midshipman in 1961.

## Naval career

During his early naval training, Barrie completed service on HMA Ships Anzac, Vampire and Melbourne, which included service in the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, and a 23-day tour of duty in Vietnam. Postings to the Britannia Royal Naval College at Dartmouth and HMS Excellent followed.
Barrie served at sea as part of the commissioning crew of HMAS Brisbane, which included a seven-month tour of duty in Vietnam, during 1969. He also served as Commanding Officer of HMAS Buccaneer from 1969 to 1970, Operations and Navigating Officer on HMS Eastbourne, HMAS Perth and HMAS Duchess, Executive Officer on HMAS Vampire, and later as Commanding Officer of HMAS Stuart from 1983 to 1984.
In 1990 to 1991, Barrie held an appointment as Defence Adviser, New Delhi, India. Following this post, he was promoted to commodore and served as Director RAN Surface Warfare School and Commanding Officer of HMAS Watson from 1991 to 1992. He was appointed Deputy Maritime Commander and Chief of Staff at Maritime Headquarters in Sydney from 1992 to 1995, for which he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1994. On promotion to rear admiral, Barrie served as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, before being appointed Vice Chief of the Defence Force with the rank of vice admiral in March 1997. The following year, Barrie was advanced to Officer of the Order of Australia in recognition of his "distinguished service" in the latter two postings.
Barrie was promoted to admiral, and assumed the post of Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) on 4 July 1998. He held this position until his retirement, and for his "eminent service to the Australian Defence Force" was further advanced to Companion of the Order of Australia in 2001 and awarded the Distinguished Service Order (Military) by the government of Singapore. As CDF, Barrie became involved in the "Children Overboard Affair" of 2001, a high-level political controversy which occurred during the Australian federal election campaign. Barrie was the last Australian Government official to publicly support Prime Minister John Howard's assertion that refugees had thrown their children overboard from their sinking vessel. Barrie retired on 3 July 2002, and was succeeded as CDF by General Peter Cosgrove.
A graduate of the Britannia Royal Naval College, Barrie completed through part-time study a Bachelor of Arts with majors in International Relations and Politics in 1983 and was conferred a Master of Business Administration in 1996 by Deakin University. He was made a Commander of the Legion of Merit by the United States in 2003.
# Chip Dunham

Robert John "Chip" Dunham (b. La Crosse, Wisconsin) is a cartoonist best known as the creator of the comic strip Overboard, which debuted in 1990.
The strip - which tells the comical tale of a group of pirates - is distributed through Universal Press Syndicate. In 1993, the National Cartoonist Society nominated Overboard for Best Comic Strip.
Chip attended Crestwood High School in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, graduating in 1971. In high school, he was known for his writing talent.
In 1980, he received a journalism degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison; he lives in Beverly Hills, Michigan.
# Karingapara

Karingapara is a small village/hamlet in Tirur Taluk in Malappuram District of Kerala State, India that comes under Ozhur Panchayath.

## Location

It belongs to North Kerala Division. It is located 20 km towards west from District headquarters Malappuram. 6 km from Tanur. 350 km from State capital Thiruvananthapuram.
Karingapara Pin code is 676320 and postal head office is Omachappuzha.
Karingapara is surrounded by Tirurangadi Taluk towards North, Tirur Taluk towards South, Vengara Taluk towards North, Malappuram Taluk towards East .
Tirur, Kottakkal Malappuram, Ponnani, Perinthalmanna are the nearby Cities

## Transportation

Karingappara village connects to other parts of India through Kottakkal town. National highway No.66 passes through Kottakkal and the northern stretch connects to Goa and Mumbai. The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum. Highway No.966 goes to Palakkad and Coimbatore.
* Railway Station: Tirur railway station is one of the major railway stations in the Malabar region. Almost every train stops here, connecting the Malappuram district to the rest of the country.
* Nearest Airport: Calicut International Airport is approximately 25 kilometers away.
# Charles Rosen (scientist)

Charles Rosen (December 7, 1917 – December 8, 2002) was a pioneer in artificial intelligence and founder of SRI International's Artificial Intelligence Center. He led the project that led to the development of Shakey the Robot, "who" now resides in a glass case at the Computer History Museum, in Mountain View, California.

## Early life and education

Raised in Montreal, Rosen became a student at Cooper Union and received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1940; he returned to Montreal to study at McGill University, where he received his M. Eng. (in communications) in 1950.

## Career

While working at the General Electric Research Laboratory, in 1953 Rosen co-authored one of the first textbooks on transistor circuits. In 1956, Rosen received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Syracuse University (with a minor in solid state physics).
In 1957, Rosen joined the Stanford Research Institute, where he did much of his artificial intelligence work.
In 1959, Rosen co-founded Ridge Vineyards with SRI colleagues Hewitt Crane and David Bennion. Under their ownership, Ridge would go on to place fifth in the Judgment of Paris wine tasting.
In 1978, Rosen co-founded Machine Intelligence Corporation (MIC) with colleagues from SRI and elsewhere. He served as its first CEO. MIC developed the first commercially available industrial machine vision system, the VS-100, in his garage. MIC later spun out Symantec Corporation in 1982. He was founding Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 1990.
# Chausath Khamba

Chausath Khamba, also spelled Chaunsath Khamba, is a tomb built during 1623–24. It is located in Nizamuddin precincts of Sufi Muslim shrines and tombs in New Delhi, India. The name means "64 pillars" in Urdu and Hindi. It was built by Mirza Aziz Koka, son of Ataga Khan, as a mausoleum for himself, at the time when Mughal Emperor Jahangir ruled from Delhi. Mirza Aziz Koka had served several times as Jahangir’s Governor of Gujarat before he died in Gujarat.

## Structure

Chausath Khamba monument was initially built as a hall in an innovative eclectic architectural style of the Mughal period. It was later converted into a tomb. It is a square structure constructed entirely of white marble. The structure (pictured with facades) has 64 columns that support twenty five bays. Each bay supports a dome. The domes are not visible externally since they are reverse domes (picture). The roof is flat. Each wall has five arches that are held by square pilasters. In each face, between each of five pilasters, marble trellised screens have been fixed.
According to inscriptions, the structure houses the tomb of Mirza Aziz Koka (also named Kotaltash). The tomb of his father, Ataga Khan, the Prime Minister of Akbar, is also in the vicinity. In addition, there are several other unidentified tombs inside this monument. It is considered the family shrine of Atgah Khan. The structure is enclosed and has an imposing entrance gate. The Ghalib tomb is located adjoining this structure on the northern side. Comparison is drawn to a similar tomb built in marble in Sarkhej in Gujarat where Mirza Aziz Koka served several times as Jahangir’s Governor of Gujarat. He died in Sarkhej and was temporarily buried there. His remains were later shifted to Chausath Khamba.

## Heritage status

The Chausath Khamba is located in the busy 14th century market area of Nizamuddin Basti in New Delhi. The shrine of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya (1236 AD – 1325 AD) is nearby. The monument is part of the Nizamuddin religious complex and has been declared a heritage building. The forecourt of Chaunsath Khamba was recently landscaped by the Aga Khan Trust. The successful Sufi qawwali music of Jashn-E-Khusrau, in which performers from India and Pakistan performed, was held here in March 2010.

## Other structures

There are two other structures adjoining the Chausath Khamba, which are also heritage monuments.

### Urs Mahal

Located in front of the Chausath Khamba, Urs Mahal is an assembly hall (pictured in the gallery) where Khawwali programmes are held on festival days and on the days during "Urs of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya". It is a protected monument (refurbished in 2003).

### Mirza Ghalib’s tomb

Mirza Ghalib's tomb is a small tomb of famous Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869), who was renowned in Urdu and Persian poetry during the Mughal period. It is a protected monument. The tomb is a work of art located north of the enclosure of the Chausath Khamba.
# Charles Tupper (disambiguation)

Charles Tupper (1821–1915) served as the sixth prime minister of Canada.
Other people with the name include:
* Charles F. Tupper (1852–1929), American lawyer and politician
* Charles Hibbert Tupper (1855–1927), Canadian politician, member of the House of Commons for Pictou, and son of the prime minister
* Charles H. P. Tupper (1887–1950), Canadian politician, MLA for British Columbia
* Charles Tupper Jr. (born 1942), American politician, member of the Texas House of Representatives
# Kasarwadi railway station

Kasarwadi railway station is a small suburban railway station of Pune Suburban Railway. The station is on the junction of Old Mumbai–Pune Highway and Pune–Nashik Highway. Station has two platforms and a foot overbridge. Nearby areas are Kasarwadi, Nashik Phata, Bhosari, Pimple Saudagar, Pimple Nilakh.
All local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala, Pune Junction–Talegaon, Shivajinagar–Lonavala, Shivajinagar–Talegaon and Pune Junction–Karjat Passenger stops here.
vtePune–Lonavala Pune Suburban Railway System :
Legend :
# Chippewa River

Chippewa River may refer to:
* Chippewa River (Michigan)
* Chippewa River (Minnesota)
* Chippewa River (Wisconsin)
* Chippewa River (Ontario)
# Karl Davey

Karl Davey (born 14 February 1964 in Wakefield) is an English amateur and professional welterweight boxer of the 1970s, and '80s.

## Boxing career
### Amateur

Karl Davey trained at the White Rose Boys' Club Amateur Boxing Club , and was runner-up for the Amateur Boxing Association of England (ABAE) Intermediate 51 kg title against O. Jones (Dagenham) at The City of Derby, Assembly Rooms , Derby on Saturday 31 March 1979.

### Professional

Karl Davey's first professional boxing bout was a fifth-round Technical knockout defeat by Kevin Howard at Hotel Piccadilly (Anglo-American Sporting Club), Manchester on Thursday 7 October 1982, Davey's second and final professional bout was a second-round Technical knockout victory over Mike Calderwood at Morley Town Hall, Morley, Leeds on Monday 18 April 1988.

## Genealogical information

Karl Davey is the son of Terence Davey , and Lucy Davey (née Page) , and the younger brother of Paul A. Davey , and the twin brother of boxer Mark Davey.
# Chloantha hyperici

Chloantha hyperici, the pale-shouldered cloud, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in southern Central Europe and from southern Europe to the Near East and Anatolia, Israel, Iraq, the Persian Gulf and the Caucasus, as well as northern Denmark, southern Sweden, southern Norway and south-western Finland.

## Technical description and variation

A. hyperici F. (15 d). Forewing grey; a thick black streak from base below cell, above which the basal area is whitish, and below it dark fuscous reddish; this colour often also filling the cell and submedian fold, and the terminal area beyond subterminal line, which is marked by a series of thick black streaks between the veins; outer line finely lunulate-dentate; orbicular and reniform stigmata brown with pale rings, the former flattened; hindwing brownish, paler in the male; examples from Spain (Andalusia), males have the hindwing white, tinged with grey, and the veins dark: the abdomen pale grey, with the lateral and anal tufts pinkish; a very distinct form which may be called ab. laetior ab. nov. Larva redbrown; dorsal and subdorsal lines yellow, edged by dark brown: spiracular line broad and yellow. The wingspan is 30–34 mm.

## Subspecies

* Chloantha hyperici hyperici (southern Central Europe and from southern Europe to the Near East and Anatolia, Israel, Iraq, the Persian Gulf and the Caucasus)
* Chloantha hyperici svendseni (Fibiger, 1990) (northern Denmark, southern Sweden, southern Norway and south-western Finland)

## Biology

Adults are on wing in June and August in two generations in the north and in three generations in the south, with adults on wing from April to May, July to August and from September to October.
The larvae feed on Hypericum perforatum.
# Charlottenkreuz

The Charlottenkreuz ("Charlotte Cross") was a decoration instituted on 5 January 1916 by King William II of Württemberg and named after his wife, the Queen of Württemberg, born Princess Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe. It was to be awarded to all persons who had acquired particular merit either in the field or at home in the care of the wounded and ill, or in the general area of war-related care provision.
The decoration is a silvered white metal cross botonny with a central medallion, bearing on the front the entwined initials C and W (for Charlotte and Wilhelm) and on the reverse the year 1916.
The decoration was worn on a yellow ribbon, with a narrow and a wide black stripe on each side, on the left breast.

## Sources and external links

* Hauptarchiv des Landes Baden-Württemberg: information on the establishment and award of the decoration (in German)
* Coin Archives.com: photograph of the Charlottenkreuz
# Charlottenlund

Charlottenlund is a suburban area on the coast north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the administrative seat of Gentofte Municipality. Bordered to the east by the Øresund, to the South by Hellerup and to the north by Klampenborg, it is one of the wealthiest areas in Denmark. The neighbourhood takes its name after Charlottenlund Palace.

## History

In 1733, King Christian VI of Denmark rebuilt the Gyldenlund Palace, renaming it Charlottenlund Palace after his sister Princess Charlotte Amalie.
In the 19th century, it became popular with the bourgeoisie in Copenhagen to make excursions to the countryside north of the city. Charlottenlund Forest was a popular destination.
The postal code of Charlottenlund is 2920.

## Schools

Ordrup Gymnasium

## Culture and recreation

Local landmarks include Charlottenlund Palace and Gentofte Town Hall.
The Ordrupgaard Museum boasts collections of Danish and French art from the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.
Charlottenlund Fort is located in Charlottenlund Beach Park. It houses a popular camp site. The beach park and the adjacent Charlottenlund Forest forms the largest green space in Gentofte Municipality. Charlottenlund Racetrack is situated just north of Charlottenlund Forest, and has weekly harness races. Most horses and jockeys are from Denmark, but several times every year the track hosts international events, with entries from Europe and North America.

## Notable people
### Public Service

* Ernst Heinrich, Baron von Schimmelmann (1747–1831) was a German-Danish politician, businessman and patron of the arts; eponym of Schimmelmannsvej in Charlottenlund
* Thomas Arboe (1837 – 1917 in Charlottenlund) architect
* Christian X of Denmark (1870 Charlottenlund Palace – 1947) King of Denmark from 1912/1947
* Princess Dagmar of Denmark (1890 in Charlottenlund Palace – 1961) was the youngest child and fourth daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark
* Tine Susanne Miksch Roed (born 1964) deputy director-general at the Confederation of Danish Industry, lives in Charlottenlund
* Sabine Auken (born 1965) German bridge player, lives in Charlottenlund
* Peter Fischer-Møller (born 1955 in Charlottenlund) prelate, Bishop of Roskilde

### The Arts

* Carl Ewald (1856 – 1908 in Charlottenlund) novelist and satirist known for his fairy tales.
* Johannes Hauerslev (1860 – 1921 in Charlottenlund) photographer of street scenes and buildings in Copenhagen
* Ruth Berlau (1906 in Charlottenlund – 1974) actress, director, photographer and writer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht
* Axel Strøbye (1928 – 2005 in Charlottenlund) stage and film actor
* Anne Marie Helger (born 1946 in Charlottenlund) actress in theatre, films and TV
* Bitte Kai Rand (born 1956) fashion designer for mature women; brought up in Charlottenlund
* Claus Norreen (born 1970 in Charlottenlund) musician and record producer, in the band Aqua
* Catharina Svensson (born 1982 in Charlottenlund) lawyer, a professional equestrienne, model and beauty queen; Miss Earth 2001
* Stephania Potalivo (born 1986 in Charlottenlund) actress and former child star

### Sports

* Holger Rune (born 2003) a tennis player