OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Armagh Township, Pennsylvania

Armagh Township is a township in Mifflin County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 4,019 at the 2020 census.
It was named after the city and county of Armagh in Northern Ireland.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 92.9 square miles (241 km$^2$), of which 92.8 square miles (240 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (0.15%) is water.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 3,988 people, 1,532 households and 1,118 families residing in the township. The population density was 43.0 inhabitants per square mile (16.6/km$^2$). There were 1,956 housing units at an average density of 21.1/sq mi (8.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.80% White, 0.08% African American, 0.43% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population.
There were 1,532 householdsof which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.07.
25.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.
The median household income was $35,260 and the median family income was $38,643. Males had a median income of $30,718 and females $18,520. The per capita income was $13,692. About 6.5% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.
# Armadale Castle

Armadale Castle is a ruined country house in Armadale, Skye, former home of the MacDonalds. A mansion house was first built here around 1790, facing south-east over the Sound of Sleat. In 1815 a square Tudor-Gothic mock-castle, intended for show rather than defence, designed by Edinburgh architect James Gillespie Graham, was built next to the house.
After 1855 the part of the house destroyed by fire was replaced by a central wing, designed by David Bryce. Since 1925 the castle, abandoned by the Macdonald family, has fallen into ruin. The gardens around the castle have been maintained, and are now home to the Clan Donald Centre, which operates the Museum of the Isles.
All the southern (Gillespie-Graham) sections of the building were demolished in 1971, leaving the (roofless) David Bryce section and a less formal two storey wing on the far north side. The remnant section is only listed category C due to its ruinous condition. The gardens are protected as a Designed Landscape.
# Zorodictyna oswaldi

Zorodictyna oswaldi is a species of spider in the family Udubidae, found in Madagascar. It was first described in 1891 by Heinrich Lenz as Agroeca oswaldi. The species name honours Albert O'Swald whose collection had been given to Lenz; the name was originally written o'swaldi. In 1908 Embrik Strand placed it in the genus Uliodon; in 1967 Pekka T. Lehtinen transferred it to Zorodictyna.
The cephalothorax is reddish brown, without any particular markings; the legs are similarly coloured. It is rounded in shape, somewhat truncated at the front with the head slightly offset. The upper side of the oval abdomen is pale gray, hairy, with dark longitudinal lines and interlocking irregular patches. Males have a body about 13 mm long, females about 19 mm long.
# Areopagus (poetry)

The Areopagus is a proposed 16th-century society or club dedicated to the reformation of English poetry. The club may have involved figures such as Edmund Spenser, Gabriel Harvey, Edward Dyer and Sir Phillip Sidney. The existence of the Areopagus as a formal society was first noted by Henry Richard Fox Bourne in 1862 in his Memoir of Sir Philip Sidney. There is no direct evidence that the group was more than an idea found in the correspondence between Spenser and Harvey, and if it existed its membership is uncertain.

## Background

The first documented meeting between Sir Phillip Sidney and Gabriel Harvey occurred in the summer of 1578 at Audley End. Soon afterwards, Harvey secured a place for his friend Edmund Spenser in the house of the Earl of Leicester, Sidney's uncle, facilitating an acquaintance between the young poets. During Spenser's time with Leicester he also became acquainted with Edward Dyer. Harvey was in correspondence with all three, and classical metre was a frequent topic of discussion. In 1579 Spenser dedicated The Shepheardes Calender to Sidney. Both Spenser and Sidney were given to the idea of reforming English verse.
In a letter dated October 1579, Spenser wrote to Harvey:
   As for the twoo worthy Gentlemen, Master Sidney and Master Dyer, that haue me, I thanke them, in some use of familiarity : of whom, and to whome, what speach passeth for youre credite and estimation, I leaue your self to conceiue, hauing alwayes so well conceiued of my vnfained affection and zeale towardes you. And nowe they haue proclaimed in their [Areopagus] a generall surceasing and silence of balde Rymers, and also of the verie beste to : in steade whereof, they haue, by authoritie of their whole Senate, prescribed certaine Lawes and rules of Quantities of English sillables for English Verse : hauing had thereof already great practise, and drawen mee to their faction.

## Conception

Referring to Spenser's 1579 letter, H. R. Bourne was first to claim that the Areopagus was "a sort of club" of which "Sidney appears to have been president". Fox also noted similarity in the style and project of alleged Areopagus members, including Spenser, Harvey and Abraham Fraunce, leading him to conclude that Sidney was attempting to establish "a new school of poetry".

## Legacy

By the early 20th century, scholars such as Edward Fulton and Howard Maynadier had begun to question the assumptions upon which the notion of the Areopagus as a formal club rested. Fulton asserted that Spenser's remark to Harvey was "more than probably meant to be taken as a jest".
Although academic interest in the Areopagus has continued to wane, the label remains as a critical shorthand for a group of poets that included Spenser, Harvey, Dyer and Sidney. As literary critics use the term, it refers to the general project of these poets to broaden English prosody by incorporating French, Italian, Classical, and Anglo-Saxon models.
# Zosuchus

Zosuchus ("Zos [Canyon] crocodile") is a genus of basal, Late Cretaceous crocodyliform from Mongolia.
The type species is Z. davidsoni, after preparator Amy Davidson. The name was amended to davidsonae in 2004.

## Discovery

It was found in the Redbeds of Zos Canyon (Djadokhta Formation) in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia by expeditions organized by the American Museum of Natural History, and described by palaeontologists Diego Pol and Mark Norell in 2004.
Material of Z. davidsonae consists of five specimens:
* IGM 100/1305 (holotype): isolated skull and lower jaws
* IGM 100/1304
* IGM 100/1306
* IGM 100/1307
* IGM 100/1308

## Morphology

This genus had a very short snout.

## Systematics

Pol & Norell (2004) found Zosuchus davidsoni to be sister to Sichuanosuchus and Shantungosuchus, the three forming a basal clade of crocodyliforms based on the presence of a ventrally deflected posterior region of the mandibular rami. A 2018 cladistic analysis found Zosuchus, along with Sichuanosuchus, Shantungosuchus, and Shartegosuchidae, to form a basal mesoeucrocodyliform clade, Shartegosuchoidea.

## Sources

* ↑ Kathleen N. Dollman; James M. Clark; Mark A. Norell; Xu Xing; Jonah N. Choiniere (2018). "Convergent evolution of a eusuchian-type secondary palate within Shartegosuchidae". American Museum Novitates. 3901: 1–23. doi:10.1206/3901.1.
* Pol, D. & Norell, M. A., (2004). "A new crocodyliform from Zos Canyon, Mongolia". American Museum Novitates 3445: 1-36.
vtePseudosuchia :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Archosauria :
Pseudosuchia :
Paracrocodylomorpha :
Crocodylomorpha :
See also: Rauisuchia
Prestosuchidae
Bathyotica
Sphenosuchia
Protosuchia
Mesosuchia
Category :
* This article about a prehistoric archosaur is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Zosui

Zōsui (雑炊, literally "miscellaneous cooking"), or ojiya (おじや), is a mild and thin Japanese rice soup akin to a rice-based vegetable soup. It is made from pre-cooked rice and dashi or water seasoned with either soy sauce or miso and cooked with other ingredients such as meat, seafood, mushrooms, and vegetables. It is generally served to those who are sick or otherwise feeling unwell, and is usually only served in the winter.
Leftover soup from nabe is often re-used for zosui. Instead of rice, udon and ramen noodles are recent alternatives.

## History

In the days when it was difficult to keep cooked rice warm, the only way to reuse cold rice was to combine it with miso soup, so this was widely done in households across Japan. Nowadays, it is more often used to make meals for the sick or those feeling unwell rather than in everyday meals.

## Varieties

There are a number of varieties of zōsui, including maru zōsui (まる雑炊) (made with Chinese softshell turtle), fugu zōsui (ふぐ雑炊) (made with pufferfish), tori zōsui (とり雑炊) (made with chicken), kani zōsui (かに雑炊) (made with crab), sukiyaki zōsui (すきやき雑炊), and shabu-shabu zōsui (しゃぶしゃぶ雑炊). For home cooking, leftover broth and rice is combined with whatever ingredients are at hand.

## Ojiya

The word ojiya often has the same meaning as zōsui, but was created as part of the nyōbō kotoba, or "court ladies cant". Its origins are unclear, though it has been suggested that it came from the sound made by the rice cooking, or possibly from olla, the Spanish word for ceramic cookware (pronounced oja (オジャ) in Japanese).
Many people use the words ojiya and zosui interchangeably, and usage varies by region and household. However, the following list shows some common differences between them:
* Zōsui is prepared by rinsing the rice first to increase its stickiness. This is not the case with ojiya.
* In zōsui, the broth and rice are brought to a boil together, preserving the shape of the rice. With ojiya, the shape of the rice is not preserved when boiled together with the broth. The rice grains fall apart and distort in shape.
* While being flavored with miso or soy sauce, the broth in ojiya remains light or white in color. In contrast, the broth of zosui is only flavored with soy sauce.

## Jūshī

The Okinawan dish jūshī (ジューシー) (originally jūshīmē (ジューシーメー)) is considered to be derived from zōsui. However, it is generally made with uncooked rice and far more water is used when making it. This is the origin for the name jūshī. Strictly speaking, these rice dishes are called kufajūshī (クファジューシー) (or katai jūshī (固いジューシー, literally "firm jūshī")), and zosui is yafarā jūshī (ヤファラージューシー) (or yawarakai jūshī (柔らかいジューシー, lit. "soft jūshī")). There are a huge variety of styles in which this is made, including using large amounts of lard or margarine. Ingredients like ribs, hijiki, carrots, shiitake, and konjac jelly are also commonly used. Yafarā jūshī commonly contains ribs or pork, yomogi leaves (フーチバー, fūchibā), potato leaves (カンダバー, kandabā), and taro (チンヌク, chinnuku).
# Armorial ware

Armorial ware or heraldic china (and a variety of other terms) are ceramics decorated with a coat of arms, either that of a family, or an institution or place. Armorials have been popular on European pottery from the Middle Ages with examples seen on Spanish Hispano-Moresque ware, Italian maiolica, slipware, English and Dutch Delft, and on porcelain from the 18th century. Earlier examples were mostly large pieces such as jugs or basins and ewers, but later whole table services, all painted with the arms, were produced.
Silver tableware also often had coats of arms engraved on it, but as porcelain replaced metal as the favoured material for elite tableware in the 18th century, armorial porcelain became very popular. When overglaze decoration was used, the pottery could produce the glazed ware without the arms, which were then added when a commission was received.
The term is most often associated with Chinese export porcelain, often decorated with the arms and crests of European and American families from the late 17th century through the 19th century. A painting of the arms was sent out to China, and after a considerable period the painted service arrived. British clients imported about 4000 services from 1695 until 1820, when a new prohibitive tax stopped the trade, as the British government sought to protect the domestic potteries.
They were, and even more are, often used at table only on special occasions. They are popular with collectors. Seventeenth-century Dutch armorial plates are called wapenborden and were commonly sold with recurring emblems that cannot be traced to any specific family.
* Hispano-Moresque ware, Manises, basin with arms of Maria of Castile, before 1458
* Italian maiolica dish by Nicola da Urbino, c. 1525, with story of Marsyas
* 1620 – c. 1640 Dutch armorial plate, Rijksmuseum
* Chinese "custard cup", c. 1750
* Plate for the Swedish Grill family, China, 18th century
* 1645–1655 Haarlem armorial plate, Rijksmuseum
# Armorican terrane

The Armorican terrane, Armorican terrane assemblage, or simply Armorica, was a microcontinent or group of continental fragments that rifted away from Gondwana towards the end of the Silurian and collided with Laurussia towards the end of the Carboniferous during the Variscan orogeny. The name is taken from Armorica, the Gaulish name for a large part of northwestern France that includes Brittany, as this matches closely to the present location of the rock units that form the main part of this terrane.

## Extent

The main exposures of the Armorican terrane are found throughout Brittany, the Channel Islands, parts of Upper Normandy, forming the Armorican Massif. Other fragments thought to have originally formed part of the Armorican terrane assemblage include rock units exposed in the Vosges, Black Forest, Bohemian Massif and most of the Iberian peninsula.

## History

All of the fragments that make up the Armorican terrane are thought to have originally formed part of the northern margin of Gondwana. Rifting initiated in the Cambrian to Ordovician although the terrane was still close enough to Gondwana to be affected by the Andean-Saharan glaciation during the late Ordovician. Complete separation from Gondwana, across the developing Paleotethys Ocean, is thought to have occurred towards the end of the Silurian. At this time Armorica was separated from Laurussia by the Rheic Ocean. One possible model includes Armorica as part of the Hun superterrane, while other show it moving separately. The Rheic Ocean closed during the Devonian and early Carboniferous, as the oceanic crust was subducted. The Variscan orogeny marks the final closure of the Rheic Ocean as the various continental fragments, including Armorica, collided with Laurussia towards the end of the Carboniferous.
# Armoured Carrier Wheeled Indian Pattern

Armoured Carrier, Wheeled, Indian Pattern (ACV-IP), known also as Indian Pattern Carrier or other similar names, was an armoured car produced in India during the Second World War. It was typically armed with a Bren light machine gun. Those produced by Tata Locomotives were called "Tatanagars" after the location of the works. 4,655 were produced, used by Indian units in the Far East and Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre, typically in divisional reconnaissance regiments.

## History

At the outbreak of the Second World War, the United Kingdom was unable to meet the needs of the Commonwealth for armoured fighting vehicles. It led many Commonwealth countries to develop their own vehicles. As production of heavy armoured vehicles, such as tanks, required advanced industry which those countries lacked, most of the developed fighting vehicles were armoured cars, often based on imported chassis.
In India a series of armoured vehicles was developed, known as Armoured Carrier, Wheeled, Indian Pattern or ACV-IP. These vehicles used Ford or GMC CMP truck chassis imported from Canada. Armoured hulls were constructed mainly by the Indian Railways. The armament typically consisted of Bren light machine gun, in some variants mounted in a small turret and Boys anti-tank rifle. The No. 19 radio set was carried. The vehicle was in production from 1940 until 1944, 4,655 being built.
The ACV-IP was used by Indian units in the Far East and Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre, typically in divisional reconnaissance regiments, as reconnaissance vehicle, personnel carrier, AA weapons carrier or Forward Observation Officer vehicle.

## Variants

* Mk I — initial version, based on Ford model 1940 truck chassis with motor in front, fitted with a Marmon-Herrington all wheel drive kit.
* Mk II — Ford CO11QRF chassis (all wheel drive, motor in the rear, right hand drive).
* Mk IIA — modified armoured hull.
* Mk IIB — thicker armour.
* Mk IIC — Ford C191QRF chassis, armoured roof and small turret for Bren MG.
* Mk III — similar to Mk IIC, with slightly modified hull. 276 units built.
* Mk IV — Ford C291QR chassis, open hull.
# Arenivaga bolliana

Arenivaga bolliana, known generally as the Boll's sand cockroach or Boll's sandroach, is a species of cockroach in the family Corydiidae. It is found in North America.
# Arenite Ridge

Arenite Ridge (69°41′S 69°32′W﻿ / ﻿69.683°S 69.533°W﻿ / -69.683; -69.533) is a steep-sided rock and snow ridge in northern Alexander Island, extending 15 nautical miles (28km) in a north–south direction lying immediately west of the Douglas Range and forming the eastern wall of Toynbee Glacier. The ridge includes Mount Tyrrell (which has two summits) and Mount Tilley. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1977 from the sandstone-type rocks (arenite) that form this feature.
# Arenivaga erratica

Arenivaga erratica, commonly known as the erratic sand cockroach, is a species of cockroach in the family Corydiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Arrowianella

Arrowianella is a genus of Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.
# Zorman

Zorman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Itamar Zorman (born 1985), Israeli violinist
* Ivan Zorman (1885-1957), Slovene poet
* Ivo Zorman (1926-2009), Slovene writer
* Moshe Zorman (born 1952), Israeli composer
* Uroš Zorman (born 1980), Slovenian handballer
# Armenian

Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the world
* Armenian language, the Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people
** Armenian alphabet, the alphabetic script used to write Armenian
** Armenian (Unicode block)

## People

* Armenyan, also spelled Armenian in the Western Armenian language, an Armenian surname
** Haroutune Armenian (born 1942), Lebanon-born Armenian-American academic, physician, doctor of public health (1974), Professor, President of the American University of Armenia
** Gohar Armenyan (born 1995), Armenian footballer
** Raffi Armenian (born 1942), Armenian-Canadian conductor, pianist, composer, and teacher

## Others

* SS Armenian, a ship torpedoed in 1915
# Arnold Thornely

Sir Arnold Thornely (7 October 1870 – 1 October 1953) was an English architect who practised in Liverpool. Although most of his designs were for buildings in Liverpool and the northwest of England, he is best known for the Parliament Buildings in Belfast, Northern Ireland (commonly known as Stormont). Thornely was knighted in 1932, and in the following year received the Bronze Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects for Ulster.

## Biography

Arnold Thornely was the son of a cotton mill manager, born in 1870 in Godley, which was at that time in Cheshire. He was educated at a grammar school in Derbyshire, and then at the Liverpool School of Art. After being articled to Francis Usher Holmes and George Holme, he became an assistant in the Liverpool firm of Willinck and Thicknesse. In 1898 he established his own practice in Liverpool. He married Caroline Thornely in 1902 in St Paul's Church, Helsby, and with her had two children. In 1906 Thornely joined in partnership with Frank Gatley Briggs and Henry Vernon Wolstenholme, and was later joined by F. B. Hobbs. Latterly he worked with his brother Herbert Lionel Thornely, and they had an office in the Royal Liver Building in Liverpool. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1907, and was President of the Liverpool Architectural Society in 1910–11. In 1932 Thornley was knighted, and in the following year was awarded the Bronze Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects for Ulster. In his later years he lived in Cobham, Surrey, where he died in 1953. His estate amounted to over £89,000 (equivalent to £3,140,000 as of 2023).

## Works

Although most of his designs were for buildings in and around Liverpool, Thornely is best known for his design of the Parliament Buildings in Belfast, Northern Ireland (commonly known as Stormont), which were built between 1928 and 1932. With Hobbs he designed the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Building (1903–07), and with Briggs and Wolstenholme a building for the Bank of British West Africa (completed in 1920). In 1923, with Herbert J. Rowse, he won a competition for the design of India Buildings in Liverpool. With Briggs and Wolstenholme, he also designed laboratories for the Geology Department of the University of Liverpool (1927–29), and an extension to the Walker Art Gallery (1931–33). Away from the centre of Liverpool, Thornely designed new premises for Liverpool Blue Coat School (1906), King Edward VII School, Lytham St Annes (1908), and town halls at Wallasey (1914–19), Preston, and Barnsley.
# Arnold Tjihuiko

Arnold Tjihuiko (born 1 January 1952 in Windhoek) is a Namibian politician. A member of the National Unity Democratic Organisation, Tjihuko has been a member of the National Assembly since 2005. He played an important role in the South West Africa National Union (SWANU) from 1974 to 1995. Prior to joining the National Assembly, he was a top civil servant in the Ministry of Trade and Industry.

## Education

Tjihuko earned a master's degree in 1987 from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland.
# Arins

Arins or Ārinš is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Tony Arins (born 1958), English footballer
* Eižens Ārinš (1911–1987), Soviet KGB secret agent, mathematician, and computer scientist
# Ischionorox

Ischionorox is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae. This genus has a single species, Ischionorox antiqua, found in Argentina.
# Arshan Formation

The Arshan Formation, also rendered A’ershan , is located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and is dated to Pleistocene period.