OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cunningham (disambiguation)

Cunningham is a surname of Scottish origin. It may also refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Division of Cunningham, an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales
* Electoral district of Cunningham, a former State Electoral Division in Queensland
* Cunninghams Gap, a pass over the Great Dividing Range between the Darling Downs and Brisbane areas in Queensland
* Cunningham, Queensland, a locality in the Southern Downs Region on the Darling Downs
* Cunningham, South Australia, a locality on Yorke Peninsula in South Australia

### Canada

* Cunningham Lake, British Columbia
* Cunningham Island, British Columbia
* Cunningham Creek, British Columbia

### United States

* Cunningham, Georgia, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham Township, Champaign County, Illinois
* Cunningham, Kansas, a city
* Cunningham, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Chariton County, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Pemiscot County, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Ohio, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Montgomery County, Tennessee, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Obion County, Tennessee, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Texas, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, Adams County, Washington, an unincorporated community
* Cunningham, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Lake Cunningham, California
* Cunningham Park, Queens, New York City, New York

### Elsewhere

* Cunningham Glacier, Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica
* Mount Cunningham, South Georgia Island
* Cunningham (Open Constituency, Fiji), a former electoral division
* Cunningham (crater), on Mercury
* 1754 Cunningham, an asteroid

## Transportation

* Cunningham Highway, from Ipswich to the Darling Downs in Queensland, Australia
* Cunningham Road, Bangalore, India
* Cunningham automobile, an American luxury car (1907-1937)
* Cunningham Steam Wagon, an American steam truck (1900-1901)

## Businesses

* Cunningham Broadcasting Corporation, owner of broadcast television stations in the United States
* Cunningham Drug (Canada), a defunct pharmacy chain
* Cunningham Drug (U.S.), an unrelated defunct pharmacy chain
* Cunningham Piano Company, a manufacturer of pianos

## Other uses

* Clan Cunningham, a Scottish clan
* Cunningham (sailing), a device to adjust the sail shape on yachts which is a form of Downhaul
* Cunningham baronets, six titles
# Last place

Last place or Last Place may refer to:
* In sports, a team at the bottom of the standings, see Sports league ranking
* Last Place (album), a 2017 album by Grandaddy
* The Last Place, a 2011 album by Army Navy
# Cunningham Wash (Utah)

Cunningham Wash is a wash in eastern Beaver County, Utah, United States.

## Description

The wash begins north of Bearskin Mountain and runs southeast briefly before turning south to along the east side of the Mineral Mountains and empty into the Wildcat Creek, northwest of the city of Beaver.
Cunningham Wash derives its name from Cunningham Matthews, a local pioneer.
# Cyclophora decussata

Cyclophora decussata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil.

## Subspecies

* Cyclophora decussata decussata
* Cyclophora decussata curvisignata (Prout, 1938) (Brazil)
# Cyclophora difficilis

Cyclophora difficilis is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in the Amazon rainforest.
# Culmin's Ghost Appears to his Mother

Culmin's Ghost Appears to his Mother is an oil on canvas painting of 1794 by the Danish neoclassical artist Nicolai Abildgaard. It depicts a scene from the Ossian poetry cycle.
# Curry and Chips

Curry and Chips is a British television sitcom broadcast in 1969 which was produced by London Weekend Television for the ITV network.
Set on a factory floor of 'Lillicrap Ltd', it starred a browned up Spike Milligan as an Irishman of Pakistani heritage named Kevin O'Grady, who also featured in episode 7 of the fifth series of Speight's Till Death Us Do Part. It also featured Eric Sykes as the foreman, Norman Rossington as the shop steward; other regulars were Kenny Lynch, and Sam Kydd. The series was written by Till Death Us Do Part writer Johnny Speight, but based on an idea by Milligan. The programme was cancelled for what some (including the ITA) considered racist humour.
It was the first LWT sitcom to be broadcast in its entirety in colour, and all episodes still exist.

## Controversy

The ambition of Curry and Chips was purportedly to highlight discrimination, rather than promote it. The Independent Television Authority disagreed, and Curry and Chips was cancelled by them after only six episodes. Speight himself later remarked, "It was the English who were made to look bigoted in the show but the people at the ITA couldn't understand that. It was London Weekend Television's first year, but only six shows went out. The ITA made LWT take it off, saying it was racist." They were not alone, as amongst those who originally complained about the show were the Race Relations Board.
Screenonline says of the show, "though it again attempted to raise important questions, [it] lacked a strong enough voice to challenge the racist attitudes of its characters, and too much of its humour relied on the use of crude racial abuse and Milligan's caricatured performance as the charmlessly-nicknamed 'Paki Paddy'. The shocked reaction from some viewers and cultural commentators led to the show being dropped by ITV after just six episodes, and in retrospect it is hard to understand how Speight and LWT can have failed to anticipate the offence it caused."
The show was also controversial for the number of swear words in it. The word 'bloody' was used 59 times in one episode, although Eric Sykes refused to swear until doing so, once, in the final episode.
Six years later, Milligan once again blacked up in the BBC series The Melting Pot. Only one episode was shown, and the other five were pulled.

## DVD release

Curry and Chips – The Complete Series was released on 19 April 2010 by Network. Catalogue Number 7953165.
# Curry and Hay Moors

Curry and Hay Moors (grid reference ST323273) is a 472.8 hectare (1168.1 acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset, notified in 1992.
Curry and Hay Moors form part of the complex of grazing marshes known as the Somerset Levels and Moors. The low-lying site is situated adjacent to the River Tone which annually overtops, flooding the fields in winter. Soils are predominantly alluvial clays overlying Altcar series peats. The flora and fauna of the ditches and rhynes is of national importance. Over 70 aquatic and bankside vascular plants have been recorded including frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae), flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus), wood club-rush (Scirpus sylvaticus) and lesser water-plantain (Baldellia ranunculoides). Over 100 species of aquatic invertebrates inhabit the ditches including one nationally rare soldier fly, (Odontomyia ornata) and 13 nationally scarce species including the water beetles Agabus uliginosus, Hydaticus transversalis and Helophorus nanus.
In winter the flooded fields provide food for large numbers of waterfowl with several thousand northern lapwing, hundreds of common snipe and smaller numbers of golden plover and dunlin regularly present. Over two hundred Bewick's swans have been recorded, making the site an internationally important wintering ground for this species. Raptor species such as short-eared owl, merlin and peregrine regularly hunt over the site in winter. Vertebrate species present include barred grass snake and common frog. Eurasian otters are regularly recorded on the site.
The moor was flooded during the winter flooding of 2013–14 on the Somerset Levels.
# Laura Bornholdt

Laura Anna Bornholdt (February 11, 1919 – April 16, 2012) was an American historian and academic administrator. She served as a dean or trustee at several prominent colleges and universities and an official at three non-profit organizations pursuing progress in higher education.

## Biography

Bornholdt earned her bachelor's degree from Smith College in 1940 and her PhD in history from Yale University in 1945. Her dissertation was revised and published as a monograph, Baltimore and Early Pan-Americanism: a Study in the Background of the Monroe Doctrine. The book was well-received, described as "well-balanced and judicious."
Bornholdt returned to Smith as a faculty member in 1945, and taught there until 1952, when she took a position as Higher Education Associate in International Relations at the American Association of University Women. In 1957 she returned to academia as Dean of Sarah Lawrence College, the first of a rapid series of administrative appointments: she was named Dean of Women at the University of Pennsylvania in 1959 and Dean of Wellesley College the following year. She remained at Wellesley until 1964, when she was replaced by Virginia Onderdonk. Following her departure, she worked for the Danforth Foundation and the Lilly Endowment, at both of the which she was the first woman vice president, and pushed both charities to do more to empower women. She was appointed to the board of trustees of the College of Wooster in 1977. She later served as special assistant to the president of the University of Chicago.
As an administrator, Bornholdt was a proponent of creating opportunities for women as well as people of color; at Wellesley, she insisted on the need for a flexible and inclusive model, drawing on her experience as a consultant to universities in Ghana and Tunisia. Her long career in academia gave her a distinctive perspective on the changing condition of women at American universities. In 1979, she recalled about her time at Yale in the '40s, "There was never the slightest sense of intellectual condescension at Yale. Apart from the classroom and library, however, we women were second-class citizens. The gyms were closed, Mory's ale house, college commons. Not one member of the liberal arts faculty was a woman. There was not a single administrator. There was not a single role model for hundreds of miles around for what we wanted to do with our degrees." When, in a 1987 editorial in Change, she described the efforts to diversify higher education of the 1960s and 1970s as having "fizzled," she wrote from experience. In a 1993 review for the same journal, she wrote of the need to recognize "why the old leadership we all grew up with can't lead us anymore, and why women and minority members will take their rightful place among the new leaders—or else."
# Curbridge

Curbridge may refer to:
* Curbridge, Hampshire
* Curbridge, Oxfordshire
# Croft and Huncote Quarry

Croft and Huncote Quarry is a 35.3-hectare (87-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Croft in Leicestershire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.
This site exposes igneous tonalite rocks 452 million years old, in the Ordivician period, and it helps to document the growth of continental crust beneath central England. This layer is unconformably overlain by Triassic mineralised manganese.
The site is private land with no public access.
# Curtis Williamson

Curtis Williamson RCA (January 2, 1867 – April 18, 1944) was a Canadian visual artist known for his portraits and figure painting; also genre and landscape. He was nicknamed "the Canadian Rembrandt" because of his dark, tonal style. Williamson was one of the founders of the Canadian Art Club, showed his work at its inaugural exhibition in 1907, and, like some of the other members, his work had a Hague school or Barbizon sensibility.

## Career

Williamson was born in Brampton, Ontario. He studied in Toronto under John Wycliffe Lowes Foster for two years. In 1889, his father paid for him to study at the Académie Julian in Paris - where he began exhibiting in the Paris Salon in 1891 - and then in Holland. When he returned to Toronto from Holland in 1892, he brought back a style that was low in tone. In 1893, he was elected to the Ontario Society of Artists and exhibited there almost extensively (1893-1922). He returned to Europe in 1895 and painted in rural Holland, then travelled to France and painted with James Wilson Morrice at Fontainebeau. He also painted at Barbizon.
In 1904, he returned to Toronto and won a silver medal for his painting Klaasje (1902) at the Canadian exhibition at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1906, he travelled to Newfoundland and painted fishing villages.
In 1907, with Edmund Morris, he helped found the Canadian Art Club, and served as its secretary (1908-1909) and then, as a member of its executive council (1910-1915). He was elected to the Royal Canadian Academy in 1907 and exhibited there from 1894 to 1930. In 1908, the understated manner he used in his paintings as in Fish Sheds, Newfoundland, was seen as startling.
He was a founding member of the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto with Lawren Harris and in 1913, Harris praised his work, calling it full of “half-subdued fire” in the Yearbook of Canadian Art. In 1914, he established a studio in the Studio Building. Later, his painting style was freer and less subdued.
Among his portraits, he painted Portrait of Dr J. M. MacCallum ('A Cynic') (1917), Sir Frederick Banting (1924), his friend George Locke (1933), and G. Blair Laing (1936-1937). He died in Toronto at age 77.
# Lathys

Lathys is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae, and was first described by Eugène Simon in 1884. It is a replacement name for "Lethia" Menge, 1869 because that name was already in use as a synonym for a genus of moths.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains fifty-two species:
* L. adunca Liu, 2018 – China
* L. affinis (Blackwall, 1862) – Madeira, Portugal?
* L. alberta Gertsch, 1946 – USA, Canada, Russia (South Siberia to Far East)
* L. albida Gertsch, 1946 – USA
* L. ankaraensis Özkütük, Marusik, Elverici & Kunt, 2016 – Turkey
* L. annulata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Korea, Japan
* L. bin Marusik & Logunov, 1991 – Russia (Kurile Is.)
* L. borealis Zhang, Hu & Zhang, 2012 – China
* L. brevitibialis Denis, 1956 – Morocco
* L. cambridgei (Simon, 1874) – Israel
* L. changtunesis Hu, 2001 – China
* L. chishuiensis Zhang, Yang & Zhang, 2009 – China
* L. coralynae Gertsch & Davis, 1942 – Mexico
* L. delicatula (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) – USA
* L. deltoidea Liu, 2018 – China
* L. dentichelis (Simon, 1883) – Azores, Canary Is.
* L. dihamata Paik, 1979 – Korea, Japan
* L. dixiana Ivie & Barrows, 1935 – USA
* L. fibulata Liu, 2018 – China
* L. foxi (Marx, 1891) – USA
* L. heterophthalma Kulczyński, 1891 – Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia)
* L. huangyangjieensis Liu, 2018 – China
* L. humilis (Blackwall, 1855) (type) – Europe to Caucasus and Iran
** Lathys h. meridionalis (Simon, 1874) – Spain, France (mainland, Corsica), North Africa
* L. immaculata (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944) – USA
* L. inaffecta Li, 2017 – China
* L. insulana Ono, 2003 – Japan
* L. jubata (Denis, 1947) – France
* L. lehtineni Kovblyuk, Kastrygina & Omelko, 2014 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe)
* L. lepida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1909 – Spain
* L. lutulenta Simon, 1914 – France
* L. maculina Gertsch, 1946 – USA
* L. maculosa (Karsch, 1879) – Korea, Japan
* L. mallorcensis Lissner, 2018 – Spain (Majorca)
* L. maura (Simon, 1911) – Algeria
* L. narbonensis (Simon, 1876) – France, Italy
* L. pallida (Marx, 1891) – USA, Canada
* L. pygmaea Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
* L. sexoculata Seo & Sohn, 1984 – Korea, Japan
* L. sexpustulata (Simon, 1878) – France, Morocco
* L. simplicior (Dalmas, 1916) – Algeria
* L. sindi (Caporiacco, 1934) – Karakorum
* L. spasskyi Andreeva & Tyschchenko, 1969 – Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
* L. spiralis Zhang, Hu & Zhang, 2012 – China
* L. stigmatisata (Menge, 1869) – Europe, Turkey
* L. subalberta Zhang, Hu & Zhang, 2012 – China
* L. subhumilis Zhang, Hu & Zhang, 2012 – China
* L. subviridis Denis, 1937 – Algeria
* L. sylvania Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958 – USA
* L. teideensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
* L. truncata Danilov, 1994 – Russia (Central Asia, South Siberia), Kazakhstan
* L. zhanfengi Liu, 2018 – China
# Laurence Beauregard

Laurence Beauregard is a Canadian freestyle wrestler. She is a five-time medalist, including three gold medals, at the Pan American Wrestling Championships.

## Career

At the 2019 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Buenos Aires, Argentina she won the gold medal in the women's 59 kg event. A year earlier, she won the silver medal in this event.
Beauregard won the gold medal in her event at the 2022 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Acapulco, Mexico. She competed in the 59 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.
Beauregard won the gold medal in her event at the 2024 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Acapulco, Mexico.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Location | Result | Event |
| 2017 | Pan American Wrestling Championships | Lauro de Freitas, Brazil | 3rd | Freestyle 60 kg |
| 2018 | Pan American Wrestling Championships | Lima, Peru | 2nd | Freestyle 59 kg |
| 2019 | Pan American Wrestling Championships | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 1st | Freestyle 59 kg |
| 2022 | Pan American Wrestling Championships | Acapulco, Mexico | 1st | Freestyle 59 kg |
| 2024 | Pan American Wrestling Championships | Acapulco, Mexico | 1st | Freestyle 59 kg |
# Curious Organism

Curious Organism is a 2009 steel sculpture by Stan Carroll, installed outside a parking garage at Robert S. Kerr and N. Broadway in Oklahoma City, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It resembles a bacterium surrounded by cilia, standing on four legs.
# Lavin (disambiguation)

Lavin is a municipality in Switzerland.
Lavin may also refer to:
* Lavin (surname)
* Lavin, Iran, a village in West Azerbaijan Province
* Lavin railway station, a Rhaetian Railway station in Lavin, Switzerland
* Ben Lavin Nature Reserve, South Africa
* Lavin Skee, Marvel Comics character
# Cytherissa

Cytherissa is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the family Cytherideidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Russia and Northern America.
Species:
* Cytherissa lacustris (Sars, 1863)
* Cytherissa simplissima Swain
# Curt Haagers -88

Curt Haagers -88 is a 1988 Curt Haagers studio album. It peaked at No. 38 in the Swedish albums chart.

## Track listing

* Den blinda flickan - (trad. arr: Lars O.Carlsson lyrics: Laila Westersund)
* Drömmer om dej (Wom Winde Werweht) - (J.Frankfurter-K.Almgren)
* Mary Bell - (Melodifestivalen 1988 song) (P.Sahlin-S.Wigfors)
* När du går över floden (P.Karlsson)
* Volare (instrumental) - (D.Modugno)
* Mona Mona - (Candy de Rouge-P.Hermansson
* Låt oss börja om på nytt - (J.Vison)
* Nu har det hänt igen - (H.Rytterström)
* Mio min Mio - (Benny Andersson-Björn Ulvaeus)
* Min Angelique - (B.Månsson)
* Marina - (Rocco Granata-Owe Meier-Leggard)
* Gör det igen - (M.Rådberg-I.Forsman)
* Alla människor på vår jord - (Seller-Marcus-Benjemen-P.Hermansson)
* En kväll i Spanien - (The Spanish Night is over) (D.Grabowski-Simons-Niehaus-Spiro-C.Lundh

## Charts

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| Sweden | 38 |
# Law of the Playground

Law of the Playground is the name of a website, book and television series that features members of the public's memories about school life. It styles itself "The least coherent encyclopaedia of playground insults on the internet".

## Website

Set up in 1999, the site was founded by TVGoHome regular Jonathan Blyth, aka Log. Originally a part of www.disappointment.com, it grew until it warranted its own website. The website describes its inception thus;
   "The Law of the Playground was inspired in 1983 by an educationally fucked child called Adam Mason, who ran around the playground claiming to be "Cha-Man". He used to say "chaaaaa", all playtime, every playtime. This boy has remained at the forefront of one classmate's mind ever since. In 1999, a totem to this monument of cheerful spackery was built. And then, it grew."
The site allows people to post schoolyard stories, insults and urban legends related to their time at school. Stories can be submitted by anyone, but have to be vetted by the website administrators. By their own admission, standards of judging submissions are ill-defined and random. The only criterion that seems to be followed regularly is that the entry must be funny, with a "spark of ingenuity, oddness, or darkness".
The site ceased to be updated in October 2008. In October 2011, the website relocated to lawoftheplayground.com; as of 2018 this domain name was dormant; however it has since relocated to www.lawoftheplayground.net, where it serves purely as a read-only archive site. An announcement in May 2015 that the site would return in a new format, and with an accompanying YouTube channel, has not to date come to fruitition.

## Book

In April 2004, a book was released which compiled many of the entries on the website. Rather than using the exact wording of the user-submitted entries however, most were edited by Jonathan Blyth.

## TV series

In July 2006, the website made the leap onto mainstream television with a show commissioned by Channel 4. A different format to the website was followed, with celebrities including Vic Reeves, David Mitchell, Alan Carr, Lee Mack, Justin Lee Collins and Josie D'Arby invited to share humorous stories about various aspects of their school lives.
A second series, comprising six 24-minute episodes, began broadcast on Channel 4 on 1 February 2008. It features a whole host of new famous faces reminiscing, as well as many from the first series.
# Cytoplasmic determinant

Cytoplasmic determinants are special molecules which play a very important role during oocyte maturation, in the female's ovary. During this period of time, some regions of the cytoplasm accumulate some of these cytoplasmic determinants, whose distribution is thus very heterogenic. They play a major role in the development of the embryo's organs. Each type of cell is determined by a particular determinant or group of determinants. Thus, all the organs of the future embryo are distributed and operating well thanks to the right position of the cytoplasmic determinants. The action of the determinants on the blastomeres is one of the most important ones. During the segmentation, cytoplasmic determinants are distributed among the blastomeres, at different times depending on the species and on the type of determinant. Therefore, the daughter cells resulting from the first divisions are totipotent : they can, independently, lead to a complete individual. That is not possible after the cytoplasmic determinants have been distributed in the differentiated blastomeres.

## Mosaic development

During the mosaic development, the future embryo contains all the distinct cytoplasmic determinants that are distributed in distinct cells. Regions of the organism differentiate very quickly if each cell contains specific cytoplasmic determinants since the first divisions : then the cell divides to give all the other cell of its type, and the same process happens in all types of cells in the organism. As a result, in the case of the mosaic development, cell totipotence disappears very quickly during segmentation. Indeed, each new created cell determines a new region of the future organism, and it is independent from the other ones : thus development is independent from interaction between cells. It is most of all known in certain animals as nematodes C. elegans, or ascidians (marine animals).

## Regulation development

Other animals show regulation development; their cells show totipotence for a longer time. In these animals, cytoplasmic determinants are more rapidly distributed between newly created cells. Mammals are an example of animals that undergo regulation development.

## Presumptive territories map

The zygote already contains the future organization of the embryo, through cytoplasmic determinants distribution. Presumptive Territories Maps could be established simply by coloring particular regions of the zygote's cytoplasm.