OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Claw tool

The claw tool (also known as the Hayward Claw Tool) is a forcible entry tool used by firefighters, made of steel, that has a hook on one end and a forked end on the other. The tool was a major component in the Fire Department of New York during the early 20th century. Over the last fifty years, the claw tool has lost prominence due to the advent of newer and more efficient forcible entry tools.

## History

The exact origin of the claw tool, which later became the Halligan bar, is not well documented, but according to FDNY folklore, it was discovered by firefighters responding to a fire at a lower Manhattan bank. The fire was started to cover up a burglary, and during the investigation, firefighters found an unusual tool with a claw-like end that the burglars had used to break into the bank. The firefighters believed that if the tool was good enough to break into a bank, it was good enough for their use, so they labeled it the "claw tool" and reproduced it many times over. It became the primary forcible entry tool used by the FDNY and is thought to be the first tool designed solely for that purpose. FDNY Deputy Chief Hugh Halligan later incorporated the fork end of the claw tool into his design of the Halligan bar in 1948.

## Design and use

The original claw tool weighed 12 pounds and was approximately 36 inches in length. It was designed with a claw on one end and a tapered fork on the other end.
# Clawdd-du

The Clawdd-du, also known in historical records as the Black Dyke, Black Ditch or Clawthy, is a mediaeval linear defensive earthwork or moat, constructed as protection for the faubourg of Overmonnow, on the opposite side of the River Monnow from the town and castle of Monmouth, Wales.

## History

The areas west of the River Monnow remained, in general, under Welsh control much later than the areas to the east, which included the town of Monmouth where the Normans established a castle shortly after 1067. The suburb of Overmonnow, which in mediaeval times was an important area for iron working and the manufacture of coarse woollen material including Monmouth caps, would have been vulnerable to attacks from the Welsh at the time the defences were constructed. Excavations in 1966 suggested that the ditch was excavated in two stages, before the mid-thirteenth century, and then again after the mid-fourteenth century.
The ditch originally extended, roughly in a semi-circle, for some 600 yards (550 m) from the River Monnow opposite Chippenham Fields, westwards and then northwards to the vicinity of the later Drybridge House. The defence comprised a water-filled ditch some 35 to 40 feet (10-12m) wide, with an embankment some 5 feet (1.5m) high on the side of the settlement, topped by a wooden palisade. It was probably possible to flood the ditch from the River Monnow. A mediaeval stone bridge across the ditch was in direct line with that of Monnow Street, in Monmouth, and the Monnow Bridge across the river. It carried the road from the town westwards towards the village of Wonastow.
The Clawdd-du defined the outer limit of development at Overmonnow until the 1930s.

## The Clawdd-du today

The Clawdd-du is now partly infilled, but still exists for most of its length as a broad ditch used for drainage. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and the remains of the mediaeval bridge are a Grade II* listed building. In 2010, local archaeologists objected to Monmouthshire County Council because a trench had been dug along the site without proper consent.
# Kevin Hardiman (badminton)

Kevin Hardiman is a special Olympian native of Aille, Killeenadeema, Loughrea.
Hardiman participated in the 2007 Special Olympics, representing Ireland, playing Badminton, where he won a Bronze medal.
# Christopher Green

Christopher Green may refer to:
* Christopher Green (art historian) (born 1943), art history professor
* Christopher Green (author), Australian speculative fiction author
* Christopher Green (legal scholar), professor of Constitutional Law
* Christopher Green (paediatrician) (born 1948), Australian author of best-selling books on raising toddlers
* Christopher Green (physician) (1652–1741), Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge
* Christopher Green (Sacramento mayor) from 1872 to 1877
* Christopher Green (writer-performer) (born c. 1968), British comedian and writer
* Christopher D. Green (born 1959), professor of psychology and philosophy at York University in Toronto, Canada
# Château de la Verrerie

Château de la Verrerie may refer to:
* Château de la Verrerie (Saône-et-Loire)
* Château de la Verrerie (Cher)
# Cleopatra Feelin' Jazzy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Down Beat | |
| Allmusic | |
Cleopatra Feelin' Jazzy is a jazz album recorded in 1963 by Paul Gonsalves.

## Track listing

* "Caesar and Cleopatra Theme"
* "Antony and Cleopatra Theme"
* "Bluz for Liz"
* "Cleo's Blues"
* "Action in Alexandria"
* "Cleo's Asp"
* "Cleopatra's Lament"
* "Second Chance" (Previously unreleased single)

## Personnel

* Paul Gonsalves - Tenor Saxophone
* Hank Jones - Piano
* Dick Hyman - Organ
* Kenny Burrell - Guitar
* George Duvivier - Bass
* Roy Haynes - drums
* Manny Albam - percussion
# Cleopatra Grip

Cleopatra Grip is the debut album by the English band the Heart Throbs, released in 1990. The Heart Throbs supported the album with a UK tour and by opening for the Railway Children on a North American tour.
The album made the top 10 on the Billboard Alternative Albums chart. "Dreamtime" peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.

## Production

The album was produced by Martin Hannett, with Gil Norton assisting. Like all of the Heart Throbs' records, the album title employs slang for female genitalia. The lyrics of "White Laughter" were inspired by the film Gimme Shelter.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| The San Diego Union-Tribune | |
| Select | 3/5 |
| The State | |
| Martin C. Strong | 6/10 |
Trouser Press wrote that the singer/guitar player Rose Carlotti "lends a breathy coo to the psychedelically charged, slightly dancey guitar rock." The New York Times thought that Cleopatra Grip "puts the Heart Throbs alongside the year's best new bands, meshing memorable melodies and guitar lines with lyrics that mix clarity and enigma." The Washington Post opined that the album "skillfully straddles the line between spontaneous and slick... The results are eminently listenable, but a little overfamiliar."
The Chicago Tribune declared that "never has boredom sounded so sensual... While a mass of shimmering guitars washes over Carlotti`s flat, echo-laden voice, bass and drums bubble insistently underneath." Spin deemed the album "indie pop [with] a coat of AOR gloss." The Sun Sentinel likened the style of "airy vocals floating over a sparse, edgy rock sound" to Siouxsie and the Banshees. The Times Union stated: "This is music for the Twin Peaks generation: moody, self-indulgent, streaked with ethereal synthesizer sounds, seemingly residing in that shadowy state between dream and reality."
AllMusic wrote that "the slightly poppier singles 'Tossed Away' and 'Dreamtime' are the album's highlights but, while a couple of the songs coast by simply on atmosphere, Cleopatra Grip is a luxurious and compelling listen."
# Clifford Erskine-Bolst

Captain Clifford Charles Alan Lawrence Erskine-Bolst (1878 – 11 January 1946) was a British Conservative Party politician.
During the First World War, he served as a lieutenant in the 1st Black Watch Regiment, and as a captain in the 3rd Royal Highlanders.
He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney South at a by-election in August 1922 following the expulsion of the independent MP Horatio Bottomley, who had been convicted of fraud. He held the seat at the November 1922 general election, but lost it the following year at the 1923 general election.
Erskine-Bolt returned to the House of Commons at the November 1931 general election, when he was elected in the Blackpool constituency, defeating the writer Edgar Wallace, who ran as an independent Liberal. He served only one term, stepping down at the 1935 general election.
He was married to California socialite Blanche Ryer from the early 1920s until their divorce in 1933. As a result of this marriage he became the stepfather of Doris Ryer Nixon.
His name appears in the San Francisco Social Register for 1927, and again in 1932 (where he and his wife are listed as residents of Èze, France).
# Viktor Pihlak

Viktor Pihlak (15 December 1886 – 10 July 1967 Tallinn) was an Estonian architect and politician.
In 1920 he was Minister of Commerce and Industry.
# Aleksandr Kuprikov

Aleksandr Kuprikov is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1970s. He won a silver medal in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1974 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Mexico City.
Kuprikov suffered a fatal death in the early 1990s. He was serving in Iraq in the Gulf War and was captured by some of Saddam Hussein militants. His body was traded back to Russia in 1992 for some ground-to-air missiles. His body was terribly decomposed.
# Christopher Buxton

Christopher Buxton may refer to:
* Christopher Buxton (martyr) (1562–1588), English Roman Catholic priest and martyr
* Christopher Buxton (property developer) (1929–2017), English property developer
# Aysel Özgan

Aysel Özgan (born 5 May 1978) is a Turkish female paralympic shooter competing in the pistol events. She took part at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympic Games.

## Early life

Aysel Özgan was born in Giresun, Turkey on 5 May 1978. When she was 12 years old, she was forced to interrupt her education because of health problems. She twice underwent surgery on her neck following a separation of the vertebrae due to an aneurysmal bone cyst. She was paralyzed below her chest due to complications that arose from the second surgery and is unable to walk, with restricted movement in her right arm. She uses a wheelchair.
After passing a special exam for physically disabled persons, she was appointed a government official.
In 2015, Özgan moved to Bursa, Turkey. She is an employee of the provincial Youth Services and Sports Administration.

## Sporting career

Özgan's shooting sport career began in 2004 when the Turkish Shooting Championships were hosted in her hometown of Giresun, Upon urging of her friends, she applied for a license to shoot, and took part in the competition as the only female athlete. She won the championship on her first attempt even though she had not used a firearm before.
She was called up to the qualifiers, and was selected for the national Paralympic shooting team one year after the first tournament in which she participated.
Özgan competes in the P2 women's 10m air pistol SH1 and P4 Mixed 50m air pistol SH1 events. Paralympic shooters, who do not need a shooting stand to support the firearm, are categorized in the SH1 class. Özgan is a member of Yıldırım Belediyespor in Bursa.
She represented her country at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics and 2012 London Paralympics. At the 2015 IPC Shooting World Cup held in Fort Benning, USA, she qualified to participate at the 2016 Rio Paralympics.
Özgan took the gold medal in the P2 SH1 event at the 2012 IPC Shooting World Cup held in Szczecin, Poland.
In 2015, Özgan won the silver medal in the P2 10m air pistol SH1 event at the IPC Shooting World Cup held in Fort Benning, United States. This success brought her a quota spot for the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She placed seventh in the P2 10m air pistol SH1 qualification event at the 2015 IPC Shooting World Cup in Osijek, Croatia.
She won the 2016 Turkish Shooting Championship in the 10m air pistol event. At the 2016 IPC Shooting World Cup in Bangkok, Thailand, she took the silver medal with her teammates in the P4 SH1 event.
She became gold medalist in the P4 50m air pistol event of SH1 category at the 2017 IPC World Cup held in Hannover, Germany.
# Armenians of Julfa

Julfa also called Jugha or Djulfa, a historic town located in modern-day Azerbaijan, was once home to a thriving Armenian community known for their art, culture, and trade. The Armenians who lived in Julfa were primarily members of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

## History

The history of Julfa's Armenian community dates back to the 6th century, when Armenians first settled in the region. Over the centuries, the community grew and prospered, establishing trade connections with neighboring cities and towns and becoming known for their expertise in craftsmanship.
Approximately 250,000 to 300,000 Armenians were forcibly displaced from the area between 1604 and 1605, with many dying while attempting to cross the Arax River. Most of the Armenians were eventually relocated to Iranian Azerbaijan, where they joined the Armenians who had already established themselves there. Additionally, a number of individuals were transported to areas such as Mazandaran, and urban centers like Sultanieh, Qazvin, Mashhad, Hamadan, Arak, and Shiraz. Those who were affluent and hailed from Julfa were particularly sent to Esfahan, the Safavid capital, where they were provided with preferential treatment and endured less difficulty during their relocation. The Julfa population established their settlement along the shores of the Zayandeh Rud river. They were provided with a new town, known as New Julfa (Nor Jugha), which was constructed exclusively for them in the year 1605.

## Armenian cemetery in Julfa

One of the most famous landmarks in Julfa was the Khachkar Cemetery, which featured thousands of intricately carved stone crosses, or khachkars, that marked the graves of Armenian residents. The cemetery was established in the 17th century and continued to be used until the deportation of the Armenian population of Julfa in 1604 by the Persian Safavid dynasty.
In 2006, reports emerged that the Azerbaijani government was deliberately destroying the cemetery, sparking outrage from the Armenian diaspora and international community. In response, UNESCO designated the site as a World Heritage site in 2008, recognizing its cultural significance and calling for its protection. Vazken S. Ghougassian, writing in Encyclopædia Iranica, described the cemetery as the "until the end of the 20th century the most visible material evidence for Julfa’s glorious Armenian past."
# Eravangudy

Eravangudy is a village in the Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Eravangudy had a total population of 4489 with 2273 males and 2216 females.
# 1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship

The 1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the eighth season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier club hurling tournament. The All-Ireland series began on 5 February 1978 and ended on 27 March 1978.
Glen Rovers were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify. St. Finbarr's won the title after defeating Rathnure by 2-7 to 0-9 in the final.

## Results
### Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship

Quarter-finals
Semi-final
Final

### Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship

First round
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final

### Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship

Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Finals

### Ulster Senior Club Hurling Championship

Final

### All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship

Quarter-final
Semi-final
Final

## Statistics
### Miscellaneous

* St. Finbarr's join fellow Cork clubs Blackrock and Glen Rovers by becoming the third team to win a second All-Ireland title.
# Austro (automobile)

The Austro was an Austrian automobile manufactured from 1913 to 1914. It was one of few cyclecars produced in Central Europe. Powered by a 6 horsepower NSU engine, it had a 4-speed gearbox and double chain final drive. It had an independent front suspension, using sliding pillars on the lines of the Morgan. Austro cyclecars did well in mountain trials, as well as the Semmering Hill Climbs. Austro also manufactured aeroplanes.
# Austro Engine AE75R

The Austro Engine AE75R is an Austrian aircraft engine, that was designed and produced by Austro Engine of Wiener Neustadt for use in ultralight aircraft.
As of March 2018 the engine was no longer advertised for sale on the company website.

## Design and development

The AE75R is a twin-rotor four-stroke, 588 cc (35.9 cu in) displacement, air and liquid-cooled, gasoline Wankel engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox reduction drive with reduction ratio of 2.96:1. It employs dual capacitor discharge ignition and produces 75 hp (56 kW) at 7000 rpm, with a compression ratio of 9.5:1.

## Specifications (IAE75R)

Data from Tacke

### General characteristics

* Type: Twin rotor Wankel aircraft engine
* Displacement: 588 cc (35.9 cu in)
* Length: 720 mm (28.3 in)
* Width: 530 mm (20.9 in)
* Height: 420 mm (16.5 in)
* Dry weight: 33 kg (72.8 lb)

### Components

* Fuel type: gasoline
* Cooling system: liquid or air
* Reduction gear: helical gear mechanical gearbox, reduction ratio of 2.96:1

### Performance

* Power output: 75 hp (56 kW)
* Compression ratio: 9.5:1
# Auriculigerina miranda

Auriculigerina miranda is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is the only known species within the genus Auriculigerina.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* European waters (ERMS scope)
# James H. Wilson (American football)

James H. Wilson (March 6, 1940 – March 27, 2013) was an American football coach. He was the 25th head football coach at The Apprentice School in Newport News, Virginia and he held that position for four seasons, from 1971 until 1974. His coaching record at Apprentice was 13–20.

## Death

Wilson died on March 29, 2013, in Hampton, Virginia.
# Aziziye (disambiguation)

Aziziye, Azizia or Aziziyah (ʿAzīziyye) are place names in Turkish and Arabic. It may refer to:

## Places

* Aziziye, a district in Erzurum Province, Turkey
* Aziziye, Biga
* Aziziye, Burdur
* Aziziye, Dursunbey, a village
* Aziziye, Susurluk, a village
* Aziziyah, a neighborhood of Mecca in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia
* ‘Aziziya, a city and the capital of the Jafara district, Libya
* Aziziyah, Hama, a village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama Governorate, Syria
* The former name of Emirdağ, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey

## Other uses

* Ottoman ironclad Aziziye
* Panda Retail Company (formerly known as Azizia Panda), a Saudi Arabian grocery retailing company
* Aziziye Mosque (Konya), a mosque in Konya, Turkey
* Aziziye Mosque (London), a mosque in London, United Kingdom
# Avenue Charles de Gaulle

Avenue Charles de Gaulle is one of the main streets and principal commercial avenue of N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, which is named after former French president Charles de Gaulle. It runs in a roughly west–east direction through the city. The western end of the road is the commercial district and the location of many foreign embassies and colonial-era buildings The avenue is one of the areas of the city where shopping is concentrated in, including the area near the Grande Mosquée, and includes bars, restaurants and markets. The western end of the avenue is part of the area of the city known as the 'European Quarter' and is regarded as a place for the wealthy.

## Route

The western end of the avenue is at the intersection with Route de Farcha, near the N'Djamena International Airport. The road then heads in a southerly direction, passing through the Point de la Garde roundabout ( 12°07′18.17″N 15°02′03.19″E﻿ / ﻿12.1217139°N 15.0342194°E﻿ / 12.1217139; 15.0342194 ), and from here to the Point du Sultan Kasser roundabout (12°06′47.28″N 15°02′10.77″E﻿ / ﻿12.1131333°N 15.0363250°E﻿ / 12.1131333; 15.0363250) are some of the larger buildings of the city. (Not to be confused with the similarly named Avenue General de Gaulle running close by to the south.) The avenue then turns south-east, passing the Palais de Justice, N'Djamena cathedral and Plaza de la liberation on the south side and Camp Militaire des Martyrs on the north, before turning to an easterly direction passing between the Grande Mosquée and the Grand Marché (the central market and the historic centre of the city, around 12°06′35.13″N 15°03′00.86″E﻿ / ﻿12.1097583°N 15.0502389°E﻿ / 12.1097583; 15.0502389 ). It then heads east through the Paris Congo residential area and towards other residential areas of the city.
The General Services office compound of the US embassy is located there. Also is the Financial Bank Tchad and Nigerian embassy. The west end of the avenue houses high walled villas where many expatriates live.
The avenue has wholesale stores which are serviced by carts to supply them, on a 1 kilometre (1,100 yd) route from customs on the way from Kousseri, Cameroon.

## History

While many formerly French street names in Chad were Africanized during the Authenticité program under the presidency of François Tombalbaye, including the city itself (formerly Fort Lamy), the avenue was described as an exception to this in 1974. However, a 1986 map shows what is now the Avenue Charles de Gaulle labelled with three different names "Avenue du President Tombalbaye", "Rue du Sultan Mohamed Ouradah" and "Rue de la Mosquee".
In 1981 there was much damage to buildings along the street due to machine gun fire. The street was the site of destroyed cars and damage from the Battle of N'Djamena in February 2008. At this time the avenue was also cut off by heavy weaponry and was said to be severely affected.
# James Tuthill

James Joseph Tuthill (born March 25, 1976) is a former American football placekicker in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Diego Chargers and the Washington Redskins. He played college football at California Polytechnic State University.

## Early life

After graduating from Upland High, Tuthill went on to placekick and punt for Cal Poly, earning second-team All American West Conference selection as a senior.
Collegiate Statistics :
| | FG Made | FG Attempts | LG | Punts | Punt Avg. | LG |
| 1994 | 6 | 14 | 48 | 5 | 35.4 | 41 |
| 1995 | 14 | 24 | 48 | 48 | 36.0 | 54 |
| Career | 20 | 38 | 48 | 53 | n/a | 54 |

## Professional football

Tuthill signed with Washington on September 10, 2002.
NFL Statistics :
| Year | Team | GP | FGM | FGA | LG | PAT (Att.) | KO | TB |
| 2002 / Career | WAS | 11 | 10 | 16 | 53 | 20 (21) | 43 | 3 |