OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Multscher

Hans Multscher (ca. 1400–1467) was a German sculptor and painter.
Multscher was born in Reichenhofen (today Leutkirch im Allgäu).
He made himself acquainted with new artistic styles from northern France and the Netherlands, and became a free citizen of the city of Ulm in 1427. There, he married Adelheid Kitzin the same year. He ran his own business as a painter and sculptor, together with his brother Heinrich Multscher.
Multscher died in Ulm.

## Works

* Holy Mary Magdalen by Hans Multscher, Liebieghaus in Frankfurt am Main
* Man of sorrows (Copy), central column of the western portal of the Ulm Minster
* Group of emperors, eastern window of the city hall of Ulm, Hans Multscher, 1527-1533
* Side altar of the Multscher School in the Parish Church of Scharenstetten (originally in the Ulm Minster)
* Madonna and Child, from Multscher's atelier, 1450, Mainfränkisches Museum, Würzburg
# Young grab

The Young grab, or the Young modified Van Veen grab sampler is an instrument to sample sediment in the ocean. It is a modified version of the Van Veen grab sampler, with a clamshell bucket made out of stainless steel mounted to a supporting frame. The sampling area extracted with this instrument can vary depending on its size. With the modifications this version of the Van Veen grab sampler is heavier than the traditional version. The frame allows for better stability and level sampling. Weights can be attached to the frame to ensure the bucket grabs sufficient sediment, or skids to ensure the gear does not sink too deep in soft sediments.
A draw-back of the use of this sampler is that it tends to disturb the sediments more than a box corer does. This does also not allow for sampling of the water column, but only the benthic surface.

## Mechanism

While letting the instrument down into the water, the two levers with buckets at their ends are spread like an open scissor. The levers are locked in this position, and unlock when hitting the ground. When the rope is pulled upward again, the two buckets close and grab a sample from the sea floor.
Two small technical changes lead to variations with more mechanical parts:
* The Ekman grab sampler does not close the shovels instantly on ground contact, but a messenger weight has to be sent down in order to release springs and take the sample.
* The Ponar type sampler is modified also has additional springs which are released upon bottom contact which might be helpful for harder surfaces.
# China at the 1984 Summer Paralympics

China competed at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, held in New York City, United States and in Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom. This was China's debut at the summer Paralympics. The country sent 24 athletes who competed in three sports: athletics, swimming, and table tennis.
Chinese competitors won two gold medals, twelve silver, and eight bronze, placing China 23rd on the medal table. Ping Yali won China's first ever Paralympic gold medal.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Ping Yali | Athletics | Women's long jump B2 |
| Gold | Zhao Jihong | Athletics | Women's long jump B3 |
| Silver | Zheng Jieping | Athletics | Men's long jump A5 |
| Silver | Zhen Yu Yao | Athletics | Men's shot put A4 |
| Silver | Zhao Jihong | Athletics | Women's 100m B3 |
| Silver | Zhao Jihong | Athletics | Women's high jump B3 |
| Silver | Wang Shuyun | Athletics | Women's javelin throw A6 |
| Silver | Li Miqiang | Swimming | Men's 50m breaststroke B2 |
| Silver | Zhang Xian | Swimming | Men's 100m backstroke A3 |
| Silver | Zhang Xian | Swimming | Men's 100m breaststroke A3 |
| Silver | Zhang Xian | Swimming | Men's 100m butterfly A3 |
| Silver | Zhang Xian | Swimming | Men's 200m individual medley A3 |
| Silver | Li Miqiang | Swimming | Men's 400m breaststroke B2 |
| Silver | Wang Shuyun | Table tennis | Women's singles L5 |
| Bronze | Zhao Bin | Athletics | Men's discus throw A3 |
| Bronze | Ping Yali | Athletics | Women's 100m B2 |
| Bronze | Zhao Jihong | Athletics | Women's 400m B3 |
| Bronze | Wang Shuyun | Athletics | Women's discus throw A6 |
| Bronze | Shen Jiliang | Swimming | Men's 100m backstroke A7 |
| Bronze | Cao Qianming | Swimming | Men's 100m butterfly A1 |
| Bronze | Shen Jiliang | Swimming | Men's 100m freestyle A7 |
| Bronze | Cao Qianming | Swimming | Men's 200m individual medley A1 |
# Bruce Morrison (cricketer)

Bruce Donald Morrison (born 17 December 1933) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played one Test match in 1963. He bowled right-arm medium pace and was a left-handed tail-end batsman.

## Cricket career

Born in Lower Hutt, Morrison first appeared for his local side, Hutt Valley, in an away game at Nelson in the Hawke Cup in December 1951. Aged 20, he made his first class debut for Wellington against Otago at the Basin Reserve on 7 January 1954. He made an immediate impact, taking 4–70 in Otago's first innings and then 7–42 in their second (although Otago won a thriller by 3 runs). In his next game he continued his fine form, taking 5–60 against Auckland at Eden Park and scoring 33 not out with the bat. He finished the season with 22 wickets at an average of only 16.68.
The highlight of Morrison's next season was Wellington's tour match against the MCC, when he picked up the wickets of Trevor Bailey, Bill Edrich and Colin Cowdrey at the Basin Reserve. He finished the season with 16 wickets at nearly 30 apiece. In 1955–56 he had a better season, with 7–68 against Central Districts being the stand-out performance, and a final haul of 24 wickets for the season. While the 1956–57 season was good (15 wickets at 20.93 apiece) it wasn't until 1960–61 (11 wickets at 17.81), 1961–62 (16 wickets at 18.93) and especially 1962–63 (27 wickets at 20.55, including 5–41 against Otago at Carisbrook, Dunedin) that he recaptured his early-career form.
Morrison's wicket-taking in the Plunket Shield in 1962–63 led to selection for his only Test later that season, the 96th person capped by New Zealand, in the Second Test against England at the Basin Reserve on 1–4 March 1963. England only batted once, winning by an innings, and Morrison was expensive, with his two wickets (Ted Dexter and Peter Parfitt, both in the same over) coming at a cost of 129 runs. He was not selected for the Third Test.
Morrison played two more first-class seasons for Wellington. His final match was against the touring Pakistanis in January 1965. He continued to play for Hutt Valley in the Hawke Cup until the 1967–68 season.
In 1997–98 he was the joint first winner of the Bert Sutcliffe Medal, which recognises outstanding services to cricket in New Zealand, in recognition of his work for junior cricket in the Wellington area. He was also a Wellington selector for some years. He ran a sports goods business in Hutt Valley before retiring to live in Trentham.
# Gilgamesh the King

Gilgamesh the King is a 1984 historical novel by American writer Robert Silverberg, presenting the Epic of Gilgamesh as a novel. In the afterword the author wrote "at all times I have attempted to interpret the fanciful and fantastic events of these poems in a realistic way, that is, to tell the story of Gilgamesh as though he were writing his own memoirs, and to that end I have introduced many interpretations of my own devising which for better or for worse are in no way to be ascribed to the scholars".

## Plot introduction

The novel is told from the point of view of Gilgamesh, and is primarily ambivalent about the supernatural elements of the epic. But the events are portrayed in a fairly realistic manner. Gilgamesh is a giant among men and an amazing warrior, even since he was very young. When the king of Uruk (his father) dies, Gilgamesh is exiled by the recently crowned Dumuzi, jealous of his skills and power. When in time Dumuzi dies, Gilgamesh comes back to the kingdom to be proclaimed.
Silverberg afterwards wrote a number of stories for the fantasy anthology series Heroes in Hell describing Gilgamesh's posthumous adventures in the underworld, including the award-winning novella Gilgamesh in the Outback.

## Reception

Neil Gaiman reviewed Gilgamesh the King for Imagine magazine, and stated that "A fascinating look at a long-gone culture, with a magnificent Jim Burns cover."
Dave Langford reviewed Gilgamesh the King for White Dwarf #69, and stated that "Silverberg's version is laudable, essential reading [...] but his realistic approach weakens (I think) the theme of immortality. Compare his amazing fantasy The Book of Skulls."

## Reviews

* Review by Faren Miller (1984) in Locus, #287 December 1984
* Review by Lynn F. Williams (1985) in Fantasy Review, January 1985
* Review by Baird Searles (1985) in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, February 1985
* Review by Doc Kennedy (1985) in Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine, July-August 1985
* Review by Thomas A. Easton [as by Tom Easton] (1985) in Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, July 1985
* Review by Sue Thomason (1985) in Vector 127
* Review by Alma Jo Williams (1986) in Science Fiction Review, Winter 1986
* Review [German] by Detlef Hedderich (1988) in Das Science Fiction Jahr Ausgabe 1988
# Coleophora batangica

Coleophora batangica is a moth of the family Coleophoridae that is endemic to Tibet, China.
The wingspan is about 13 millimetres (0.51 in).
# Dysschema magdala

Dysschema magdala is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1870. It is found in Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama.
# Cowl (chimney)

A cowl is a usually hood-shaped covering used to increase the draft of a chimney and prevent backflow. The cowl, usually made of galvanized iron, is fitted to the chimney pot to prevent wind blowing the smoke back down into the room below. Undoubtedly named after the resemblance of many designs to the cowl garment worn by monks, they have been in use for centuries.
When using an open fire to heat a room the smoke rises through a flue to a chimney pot on the roof. Under normal conditions the warm air from the fire will rise up the chimney emitting the smoke with it and dispersing it at rooftop level where it is less of a nuisance.
In strong winds the pressure of the wind may overwhelm the updraft and push the airflow in reverse down the flue. Smoke will then fill the room it is intended to heat posing a health and fire risk, causing discomfort and dirtying furnishings in its path.
When raw coal rather than smokeless fuel is burnt, the amount of smoke may be considerable and measures to prevent backflow occurring are a necessity.
A secondary function is to prevent birds and squirrels from nesting in the chimney. Cowls often also act as a rain guard to keep rain from going down the chimney. A metal wire mesh is sometimes added as a spark arrestor. Wooden cowls were used on oasts to prevent the ingress of rain into kilns, and create a flow of air through the kiln.
An H-style cap (cowl) is a chimney top constructed from chimney pipes shaped like the letter H. It is an age-old method to regulate draft in situations where prevailing winds or turbulence cause downdraft and back-puffing. Although the H-cap has a distinctive advantage over most other downdraft caps, it fell out of favor because of its bulky looks. It is found mainly in marine use but has been gaining popularity again for its energy saving functionality. The H-cap stabilizes the draft rather than increasing it. Other downdraft caps are based on the Venturi effect, solving downdraft problems by increasing the updraft constantly resulting in much higher fuel consumption.

## Examples

* Wind directional cowl found on many homes along the windy Oregon coast, USA.
* An oast cowl
* A H-style cowl
* Wind-rolling home cowl
* Boat's ventilator cowl
Cowls are also used where flues are no longer in use and therefore need to be capped off for protection against ingress of precipitation and nesting birds. Such cowls are designed to afford protection to the flue while still allowing a degree of ventilation.
# Gushegu

Gushegu is the capital city of the Gushegu District, a district located in the Northern Region of Ghana. It is an important city in the Kingdom of Dagbon. It is located in the eastern part of Dagbong with Naa Yab' Gushe-Naa as its traditional head.

## Economic activities

Majority of the people of Gushegu are farmers and the rest are traders and some has a handwork.

## Notable People

Yakubu Andani
# Intervision (Shostakovich)

"Intervision" (Russian: Интервидение, romanized: Intervidenie) is a brief orchestral work by Dmitri Shostakovich composed in 1971. It was commissioned by the Intervision Network for use in its news broadcasts.

## Background

"Intervision" was commissioned from Dmitri Shostakovich by the Intervision Network, which broadcast its premiere on March 29, 1971, the day before the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Because "Intervision" was regularly used to preface broadcasts of foreign news items, it became one of the composer's best-known in the final decades of the Soviet Union. According to Ilmar Ivert [ru]:
   The "Intervision" fanfares, the melody for which was written by Dmitri Shostakovich, are well-known in the socialist commonwealth countries and many other countries in the world. These fanfares bring millions of people to their television screens. Viewers know that they will be followed by the announcement of an important event, an interesting program, or authentic and exhaustive information.
It was first published in 1987 by Muzyka in volume 42 of its collected works edition of Shostakovich's music. It was republished by DSCH Publishers in 2019 in volume 36 of its new complete works edition.

## Music

"Intervision" consists of six measures of music with the tempo marking "Moderato maestoso ( = 96)". It is scored for:

### Manuscript

Shostakovich's sketch for "Intervision" has been preserved in good condition, with only slight darkening of its paper occurring in the intervening decades. It is notated with dark blue ink on 12-staff music paper. At the bottom of the sheet are two inscriptions by unknown hands: "Intervision fanfares" light blue ink and "rough draft" in red ink. There is no date or location of composition indicated. The sketch version, consisting of ten measures, is slightly longer than the final. In addition, the melody and rhythm of the first three measures are different in the sketch.
The autograph score, which contained portions of Shostakovich's transcription for voices and piano of his Symphony No. 14, was gifted by the composer to Boris Parsadanian. The manuscript is currently held in the Juilliard Manuscript Collection.
# William Stockley (musician)

William Cole Stockley (1 February 1830 – 7 September 1919) was an English organist, choirmaster and conductor.
Born in Foots Cray in Kent, Stockley moved to Birmingham in 1850 where he worked first as a "pianoforte and music dealer" and then as an organist at St Stephen's Church, Newtown Row in Lozells. While at St. Stephen's he formed a choral society whose success earned him the position of conductor at the Birmingham Festival Choral Society on the retirement of James Stimpson in 1855. Stockley had a transformative effect on the Society, increasing membership from 70 in 1855 to 200 in 1859 moving the choir into more adventurous repertoire, and inviting performances from more prestigious soloists. In 1861 The Times described Stockley's choir as "the champion choristers of England" and in 1879 the composer Camille Saint-Saëns wrote in a French newspaper "I wish people who describe the English as unmusical could hear the Birmingham singers. This wonderful choir has everything: intonation, perfect timing and rhythm, finely shaded expression and a lovely sound. If people who sing like this are not musical, well, they certainly perform as if they were the finest musicians in the world."
In 1856 he formed William Stockley's Orchestra, the first permanent professional orchestra made up of local musicians to be established in Birmingham, and an important precursor of the later City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. Between 1886 and 1900 he was the first Principal of the School of Music at the Birmingham and Midland Institute, which would later become the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire.
Stockley retired in 1897 by which time he was seeming increasingly outdated. In 1900 he was brought out of retirement to replace his successor as conductor of the Festival Choral Society Charles Swinnerton Heap, who had died suddenly, as chorusmaster for the premiere of Edward Elgar's new work The Dream of Gerontius at the Birmingham Festival. By now Stockley was slow and physically feeble, rehearsals proceeded with acrimony and the premiere was widely considered a disaster.
# Barbara Mandel

Barbara Abrams Mandel (December 13, 1925 – November 21, 2019) was an American activist and philanthropist. She was named to the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1985. She was elected to two terms as President of the National Council of Jewish Women, which is the oldest Jewish women's organization in the country. Mandel and her husband Morton's operation, the Morton and Barbara Mandel Family Foundation, gave a $10 million gift to the Smithsonian’s Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum in 2014.
Mandel died on November 21, 2019, a month after her husband.
# Tranmere Oil Terminal

Tranmere Oil Terminal is situated on the River Mersey, 1.5 mi (2.4 km) south of Birkenhead. It was opened on 8 June 1960 to handle vessels of up to 65,000 tons, at two berths (North and South). It is connected to the Stanlow Oil Refinery by a 15 mi (24 km) crude oil pipeline. and a fuel oil pipeline. Part of the terminal occupies the site of a former ferry service to Liverpool, with the extant pier considerably modified.
The terminal is operated by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company.

## History

The terminal was built jointly by Shell Oil, then the owner of Stanlow Oil Refinery, and the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board at a cost of £6 million. It was built to replace the role of the Herculaneum Dock and the later Eastham Oil Terminal which had only been inaugurated in 1954, but which did not have sufficient water depth to handle the 65,000 ton vessels that were operating by 1960.
By 2001, the terminal had two converted crude oil tanks which could handle 30,000 t (30,000 long tons). These were used for the storage of crude oil from the Foinaven oilfield.

## Current operations

All the crude oil feedstock for Stanlow Oil Refinery is delivered via the Tranmere terminal. The terminal is capable of handling vessels of up to 65,000 tonnes, and cargo sizes up to 170,000 tonnes on part laden Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs).
Tranmere handles 140 ships every year, carrying a total of 9 million tonnes of crude oil.
The size and operating pressure of the pipelines between Tranmere and Stanlow are as shown:
Tranmere to/from and Stanlow pipelines :
| Service | Crude oil | Fuel oil |
| Length | 15 mile, 24 km | 15 mile, 24 km |
| Diameter | 24/28 inch, 610 mm | 16 inch, 400 mm |
| Pressure | 650 psi, 45 bar | 650 psi, 45 bar |
The minimum water depth at Tranmere is 40 ft. (12.2 m), and there is a tidal range of 30 ft. (9.14 m).
# Kishore Pradhan

Kishore Pradhan (1936–2019) was an Indian Marathi film and theatre actor. He was known for Hindi films like Jab We Met, Lage Raho Munnabhai, McMafia and Jack Irish.

## Biography

Pradhan was born into a Hindu family in Nagpur in 1936. He started acting while at school. He graduated from Morris College in Nagpur where he used to act in college festivals and later started the theatre group Natraj. Subh Lagna Savdhaan was his last Marathi film.
On 11 January 2019, Pradhan died at the age of 86.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1990 | Shejari Shejari | Nadkarni | |
| 2007 | Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy | V Goplakrishnan, Bank Manager | Marathi film |
| 2007 | Jab We Met | Station master | |
| 2010 | City of Gold | Khaitaan Seth | Lalbaug Parel in Marathi |
| 2017 | FU: Friendship Unlimited | Mohen Jo Daro | |
| 2017 | Brave Heart (Jidd Jagnyachi) | Kharkhanis Aajoba | |
| 2018 | Ye Re Ye Re Paisa | Aditya 's Grandfather | |
| 2019 | Shubh Lagna Savdhan | | |

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Notes |
| 2018 | Jack Irish | Shapura Youth Club | ABC1 | |
| 2018 | McMafia | Radnan Ali | BBC One, AMC | |
| 1997 | Zabaan Sambhal Ke | Murda | DD Metro |
| 1998–2001 | Hum Sab Ek Hain | Khachroo’s Family Doctor | Sony Entertainment Television | |
| 2002-2003 | Shubh Mangal Savadhan | Vinay's father | Sahara Entertainment |
| 2011 | Adaalat | Yaswant Lohar | Sony Entertainment Television | Episode 65: "Raaz Chauthe Chor Ka" |
# Crack in the Road

Crack in the Road is an independent music and culture blog-site in the United Kingdom. The site focuses on pop music, independent music and electronic music.

## History

Crack in the Road was started in April 2010 by Josh Dalton, whilst studying Architecture at Dundee University. The site's writing, design and organisation was initially and most notably shared between Dalton, Andrew Hill, Ben Blackburn and Joel Chima.
In March 2013 the website hosted a joint unofficial SXSW day-party with Belgium blog-site Disco Naivete, featuring 4AD artist SOHN, alongside Pacific Air, Young Dreams, Eddi Front and DENA, amongst others. The website has also hosted SXSW shows featuring the likes of Hozier, The 1975, Wolf Alice, ILoveMakonnen, Christine and the Queens and Metro Boomin' amongst others.
In 2015 Crack in the Road was in the news when its editor published an article decrying the lack of female musicians in the lineup for the Reading and Leeds Music Festival, publishing a revised schedule with the all-male bands omitted.

## Unearthing New Talent

Crack in the Road's music content usually consists of new music posts or introducing articles on new artists. Since its formation in 2010, the website has followed several now successful artists from the beginning of their careers, including The Neighbourhood, Youth Lagoon and Pacific Air. The site also offers up interviews, live reviews and festival features. Although predominately focusing on pop music, independent music and electronic music, Crack in the Road is not restricted to specific genres, and has covered rock music and metal music in the past.
The site has been quoted on The Guardian, The Fader, Crack Magazine and Pitchfork, amongst many other music websites, and Dalton has been called on to comment as a music expert.