OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Solid phase sequencing

The principle of solid phase DNA sequencing was described in 1989 based on binding of biotinylated DNA to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and elution of single DNA strands selectively using alkali. The method allowed robotic applications suitable for clinical sequencing, but the magnetic handling has also found frequent use in many molecular applications, including sample handling for DNA diagnostics. The use of solid phase methods for DNA handling is now frequently used as an integrated part of many of the next generation DNA sequencing methods, as well as numerous molecular diagnostics applications.
# Gibson Lake (Cochrane District)

Gibson Lake is an endorheic lake in the geographic townships of Bond, Macklem, Sheraton, and Thomas in Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. Thomas Township and Macklem Township are part of the city of Timmins; Bond Township is part of the municipality of Black River-Matheson; and Sheraton Township is part of Unorganized South West Cochrane District.
Little Gibson Lake is adjacent to the northwest. Gibson Lake Road travels south to the lake from Ontario Highway 101.
# Gochnatia

Gochnatia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is named for botanist Frédéric Karl Gochnat. The genus contains mainly shrubs and subshrubs, with a few trees and herbs. All of the species are native to the American tropics. Two species native to the mountains of Southeast Asia and formerly included here are now separated as the genus Leucomeris in subfamily Wunderlichioideae.
These plants produce flower heads containing whitish or yellow disc florets each with five deep lobes. The style has short, smooth branches, and the fruit is a lightly hairy cypsela with a pappus of bristles or scales.

## Species

17 species are accepted.
* Gochnatia angustifolia G.Sancho, S.E.Freire & Katinas
* Gochnatia arequipensis Sandwith
* Gochnatia avicenniifolia (DC.) Cabrera
* Gochnatia boliviana S.F.Blake
* Gochnatia cardenasii S.F.Blake
* Gochnatia cratensis (Gardner) Cabrera
* Gochnatia curviflora O.Hoffm.
* Gochnatia foliolosa (D.Don) Hook. & Arn.
* Gochnatia glutinosa D.Don ex Hook. & Arn.
* Gochnatia lojaensis H.Rob. & V.A.Funk
* Gochnatia palosanto Cabrera
* Gochnatia patazina Cabrera
* Gochnatia peruviana H.Beltrán
* Gochnatia recticulifolia H.Rob. & V.A.Funk
* Gochnatia sagrana R.N.Jervis & Alain
* Gochnatia vargasii Cabrera
* Gochnatia vernonioides Kunth

### Formerly placed here

* Moquiniastrum oligocephalum (Gardner) G.Sancho (as Gochnatia oligocephala (Gardner) Cabrera)
* Moquiniastrum polymorphum (as Gochnatia polymorpha)
* Nahuatlea arborescens (as Gochnatia arborescens)
* Nahuatlea hypoleuca (as Gochnatia hypoleuca)
* Vickia rotundifolia (Less.) Roque & G.Sancho (as Gochnatia rotundifolia Less.)
# Geuer

Geuer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Margarita Geuer (born 1966), Spanish basketball player
* Nicola Geuer (born 1988), German tennis player
# Solid Rock

Solid Rock may refer to:

## Organizations

* Solid Rock Foundation, a Christian nonprofit organization
* Solid Rock Lutherans, a movement within the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America

## Albums

* Solid Rock (The Temptations album)
* Solid Rock (The Rolling Stones album)

## Songs

* "Solid Rock" (hymn)
* "Solid Rock" (Desperation Band song)
* "Solid Rock" (Dire Straits song)
* "Solid Rock" (Goanna song)
* "Solid Rock", by Delirious? on the album Now Is the Time – Live at Willow Creek
* "Solid Rock", by Bob Dylan on the album Saved

## Other uses

* Solid Rock Records, the record label of Larry Norman
# Giau

Giau may refer to:
* Giau Pass, a mountain pass in the Dolomites, Italy
* Đoàn Thị Giàu (1898–1974), Vietnamese revolutionary
# Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee

Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, 372 U.S. 539 (1963), was a United States Supreme Court case based on the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It held that a legislative committee cannot compel a subpoenaed witness to give up the membership lists of his organization.

## Factual background

In 1956, a committee of the Florida Legislature initiated an investigation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)'s Miami branch. When the authority of this committee expired, a new committee was formed in 1957 to pursue the same inquiry. This new committee subpoenaed the branch's membership list. Production of such information was refused. Due to this refusal, the president of NAACP's Miami branch was convicted of contempt, sentenced, and fined.

## Decision

The Supreme Court held that the conviction violated rights of association under the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
# Gibisonville, Ohio

Gibisonville is an unincorporated community in Hocking County, Ohio, United States. Gibsonville is located on Ohio State Route 678, 9 miles (14 km) west-southwest of Logan.

## History

Gibisonville was laid out in 1840. The community was named for its founders, Samuel and William Gibison. A post office was established at Gibisonville in 1850, and remained in operation until 1969.
# Sola (Francesca Michielin song)

"Sola" is a song performed by Italian singer Francesca Michielin. The song was released as a digital download on 31 August 2012 through Sony Music Entertainment Italy as the lead single from her debut studio album Riflessi di me (2012). The song peaked at number 13 on the Italian Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Sola" was first released onto YouTube on 6 September 2012 at a total length of four minutes and nineteen seconds.

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Sola" :
| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 13 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Sola" :
| Chart (2012) | Rank |
| Italy (FIMI) | 95 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Italy | 31 August 2012 | Digital download | Sony Music Entertainment Italy |
# Godezonne Farm Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery

Godezonne Farm Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) burial ground for the dead of the First World War located in the Ypres Salient on the Western Front in Belgium.
The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.

## Foundation

The cemetery was founded in February 1915 by the Royal Scots and Middlesex Regiments in the garden of the original Godezonne Farm.
It was used again in 1916 for three more burials and again after the Armistice to concentrate battlefield burials from the north and the east.
The cemetery was designed by William Harrison Cowlishaw.
# Solanum indicum

Solanum indicum can refer to:
* Solanum indicum L., a synonym of Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal
* Solanum indicum Roxb., a synonym of Solanum melongena L., eggplant
* A number of varieties and subspecies now assigned to Solanum anguivi Lam.
# Ghost/Hellboy

Ghost/Hellboy is a Dark Horse Comics two-issue crossover comic book miniseries written by Mike Mignola with art by Scott Benefiel published May to June 1996 featuring fictional heroes Ghost and Hellboy.

## Creation

Story writer Mignola created rough layouts or thumbnails, rather than a detailed script, in which as well as working out the action he also detailed the light and dark composition of the page for pencil artist Benefiel and inker Rodriguez to work from, which gave the work the Hellboy atmosphere.

## Publication history

Ghost #12 included three full-color preview pages from Ghost/Hellboy #1.

### Comics
#### Issue #1

The first issue (May 1, 1996) featured a cover by Mike Mignola and two black-and-white preview pages for Hellboy: Wake the Devil.
In the story Hellboy and B.P.R.D. psychic Josephine T. Gant travel to Arcadia to hunt down Ghost, but the tables are turned when Ghost receives a vision from someone calling himself Peace who tells her that Hellboy is her enemy and the key to releasing her from her suffering is the Right Hand of Doom.

#### Issue #2

The second issue (June 1, 1996) featured a cover by Mike Mignola.
In the story Ghost delivers Hellboy to the being calling himself Peace on a mystical plane, but when he reveals himself to be Alal the Destroyer, who has been lying to her all along, the vengeful spirit and the world's greatest paranormal investigator must team up to avert the impending apocalypse.

### Collected editions

The two issues were compiled and reprinted in the Ghost/Hellboy Special (June 25, 1997), which also included a two-page sketchbook of some of the thumbnail layouts and the preliminary character sketches Mignola provided for Benefiel to work from.
# God Bless Guyana

God Bless Guyana (GBG) was a political party in Guyana led by Hardat Persaud. Its symbol was a dove carrying a wheat straw.

## History

The party contested the 1997 general elections, but received only 314 votes and failed to win a seat. It attempted to register to run in the 2001 elections, but was disqualified by the Guyana Elections Commission.
# God Bless Jug and Sonny

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
God Bless Jug and Sonny is a live album by saxophonists Sonny Stitt and Gene Ammons recorded in Baltimore in 1973 and released on the Prestige label in 2001.

## Reception

The Allmusic review stated "Unlike some of their 1940s/early '50s encounters, God Bless Jug and Sonny falls short of essential. But this 1973 reunion is still enjoyable and will interest the saxophonists' hardcore fans".

## Track listing

* "Blue 'n' Boogie" (Dizzy Gillespie, Frank Paparelli) - 16:36
* "Stringin' the Jug" (Gene Ammons, Sonny Stitt) - 14:58
* "God Bless the Child" (Billie Holiday, Arthur Herzog Jr.) - 5:48
* "Autumn in New York" (Vernon Duke) - 5:05
* "Ugetsu" (Cedar Walton) - 7:44
* "Bye Bye Blackbird" (Mort Dixon, Ray Henderson) - 17:51

## Personnel

* Gene Ammons - tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 2, 3 & 6)
* Sonny Stitt - tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 2 & 6), alto saxophone (track 4)
* Cedar Walton - piano - trio track 5
* Sam Jones - bass
* Billy Higgins - drums
# God Bless Miss Black America

God Bless Miss Black America is a studio album released on September 16, 2002 (2002-09-16) by alternative rock band Miss Black America on Integrity Records. It was Miss Black America's debut album.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Length |
| 1 | Human Punk | 2:40 |
| 2 | Strobe | 2:50 |
| 3 | Car Crash For A Soul | 3:19 |
| 4 | Infinite Chinese Box | 3:12 |
| 5 | Roadkill | 3:56 |
| 6 | Personal Politics | 4:13 |
| 7 | Talk Hard | 3:36 |
| 8 | Scream For Me | 3:04 |
| 9 | Don't Speak My Mind | 4:29 |
| 10 | Miss Black America | 4:43 |
| 11 | Montana | 8:10 |

## Production

The album was recorded between September 2001 (2001-09) and January 2002 (2002-01) at The Magic Garden in Wolverhampton. All lyrics were written by Seymour Glass (with the exception of "Scream For Me", which also features vocals from Mike Smith) and all music was written by Miss Black America. It was produced by Gavin Monaghan. It was engineered by Andy Taylor. It was mastered by Ian Shepherd at SRT. Photography for the artwork was produced by Julia Kidd and Daisy Metz.

## Personnel

* Seymour Glass - vocals, additional guitars
* Mickey Smith - bass, extra vocals on Scream For Me
* Neil D. Baldwin - drums
* Gish - guitar

## Singles

Five tracks from the album were released as single, they were;
* Don't Speak My Mind
* Infinite Chinese Box
* Talk Hard
* Miss Black America
* Human Punk (included on the "Adrenaline Junkie Class-A Mentalist" E.P.)
All five were included in two of John Peel's Festive Fiftys. "Don't Speak My Mind" and "Human Punk" were included in the 2001 list, placed at number 42 and number 14 respectively, while "Infinite Chinese Box", "Miss Black America" and "Talk Hard" were placed at 45, 11 and 3 respectively in the 2002 list.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Drowned in Sound (8/10) The Guardian | |
The album has been described as a "fast 'n' hard sonic pummelling", and that "much of God Bless sounds like the more mature Manic Street Preachers playing U2's Boy".
# Buravar

Buravar is a village and municipality in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 915.
# Algebraic cobordism

In mathematics, algebraic cobordism is an analogue of complex cobordism for smooth quasi-projective schemes over a field. It was introduced by Marc Levine and Fabien Morel (2001, 2001b).
An oriented cohomology theory on the category of smooth quasi-projective schemes Sm over a field k consists of a contravariant functor A* from Sm to commutative graded rings, together with push-forward maps f$_*$ whenever f:Y→X has relative dimension d for some d. These maps have to satisfy various conditions similar to those satisfied by complex cobordism. In particular they are "oriented", which means roughly that they behave well on vector bundles; this is closely related to the condition that a generalized cohomology theory has a complex orientation.
Over a field of characteristic 0, algebraic cobordism is the universal oriented cohomology theory for smooth varieties. In other words there is a unique morphism of oriented cohomology theories from algebraic cobordism to any other oriented cohomology theory.
Levine (2002) and Levine & Morel (2007) give surveys of algebraic cobordism.
The algebraic cobordism ring of generalized flag varieties has been computed by Hornbostel & Kiritchenko (2011).
# Aphelinus certus

Aphelinus certus is a parasitoid wasp native to Asia. It parasitizes the soybean aphid and other aphids.

## North American introduction

A. certus has been found in North America since 2005, and was likely introduced along with or soon after the soybean aphid.
A. certus is likely to parasitize both native and introduced aphids in North America as it has a relatively wide host-range.
# Cyperus nervosostriatus

Cyperus nervosostriatus is a species of sedge that is endemic to the Northern Provinces of South Africa.
# David Kibikyo

David Lameck Kibikyo is an economist, academic and academic administrator in Uganda. He is the current Vice Chancellor of Busoga University, a private university. He was appointed in 2014, replacing Professor Christopher Bakwesegha, who retired.

## Background and education

He holds he degrees of Bachelor of Science in Economics and Master of Arts in Economic Policy and Planning, both from Makerere University, the oldest and largest public university in Uganda. He also holds the degree of Master of Laws in Public International Law, obtained from Kampala International University. His degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics was obtained from Roskilde University in Denmark.

## Career

Prior to his current position, he served as an associate professor in charge of Research and Quality Assurance at the Kigali Institute of Management. Prior to that, he served as director, at the same institution. In the past, he served as the dean of the School of Economics and Applied Statistics at Kampala International University. Before that, he served as the deputy principal of the College of Economics and Business at the same university.
# Carl von Thieme

Carl von Thieme (born 30 April 1844, Erfurt – died 10 October 1924, Munich) was a German banker.
His father was the director of German insurance company Thuringia. In 1880, he founded together with Wilhelm von Finck and Theodor von Cramer-Klett the German insurance company Munich Re, and in 1890 in Berlin was, with von Finck, co-founder of Allianz AG, a financial services company. Thieme was general director of Munich Re until 1922.

## Awards

* 1914: Merit Order of the Bavarian Crown
# The Treasure Seekers (1979 film)

The Treasure Seekers is a 1979 British-American action film directed by Henry Levin and starring Rod Taylor, Stuart Whitman and Elke Sommer. It was shot on location in Jamaica.

## Premise

Two former football players re-unite to search for the lost treasures of the seventeenth century pirate Henry Morgan...

## Cast

* Rod Taylor - Marian Casey
* Stuart Whitman - Stack Baker
* Elke Sommer - Ursula
* Jeremy Kemp - Reginald Landers
* Bob Phillips - Joe
* Jennie Sherman - Debbie
* Keenan Wynn - Meat Cleaver Stewart
* Keith Foote - Lincoln
* Dan Jackson - Supt. Prinz
* Patrick Wymore - Shelley
* Patricia Hornung - Alicia
* Hans Kahn - German captain
* Paul Methuen - Merril Jr
* Joanna Wilhelm - Merril Jr.'s wife
* Dermot Hussey - Stevan

## Production

Rod Taylor wrote the script. Filming took place in 1976 but the film only achieved a limited release a number of years later. There were a number of problems during the shoot and post production.

## Release

The film was also released under the title Jamaican Gold.
# Black Sheep (Dean Brody song)

"Black Sheep" is a song written and recorded by Canadian country music artist Dean Brody. It was the fourth single and title track off his extended play Black Sheep.

## Background

Brody wrote "Black Sheep" based on personal experience. He said he "often felt like an outsider" at times in his life, both as a child in church, and as an adult being a musician. It was partially inspired by his decision to pursue a career in music. Brody wrote the song in Nashville, where he was living at the time.

## Critical reception

"Black Sheep" received generally positive reviews. Nanci Dagg of Canadian Beats Media referred to the track as a "boot-stomping" with an "upbeat tempo [and] meaning that people can relate to". Annie Reuter of Billboard said the song had "inspiring lyrics". Melissa Novacaska of Exclaim! noted the song had a "gospel ring to it".

## Music video

The official music video for "Black Sheep" premiered exclusively on Billboard on July 29, 2019. The video was shot in Nashville, Tennessee and directed by Brian Vaughn.

## Chart performance

"Black Sheep" reached a peak of number 5 on the Billboard Canada Country chart dated November 30, 2019.
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 5 |
# Yumai

Yumai (玉麦乡) may refer to the following townships:
* Ujme, also Yumai, Akto County, Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
* Yümai, Lhünzê County, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet, China
# Yumak and Sadak v Turkey

Yumak and Sadak v. Turkey (application No. 10226/03) was a case before the European Court of Human Rights on the requirement for parties standing in Turkish parliamentary elections to meet the threshold of 10% of the votes cast at Turkish parliamentary elections in order to gain seats, decided in 2008.

## Facts

The applicants stood in the 2002 parliamentary elections for the Grand National Assembly but their party, DEHAP, did not achieve the 10% of votes necessary to be eligible for seats in parliament. In fact, that year some 45% of active voters weren't represented in parliament due to the threshold (Chamber judgment, Para. 13).

## Judgments

Both the original Chamber in 2007 and the Grand Chamber in 2008 found no violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 to ECHR (right to free elections) in the case, by five votes to two and thirteen to four. However, they noted that "it would be desirable for the threshold complained of to be lowered and/or for corrective counterbalances to be introduced to ensure optimal representation of the various political tendencies" (Chamber judgment, Para. 77) and labeled the threshold as "excessive" (Grand Chamber judgment, Para. 147)
Dissents were expressed by judges Cabral Barreto and Mularoni in Chamber and by judges Tulkens, Vajić, Jaeger and Šikuta in Grand Chamber.

## Evaluation

"Zdanoka v Latvia and Yumak and Sadak v Turkey are easy targets for those who would argue that the standards set by the Court under Article 3 are simply too low. However, they are certainly the types of cases which Judge Levits had in mind when he observed that the Court faces a 'dilemma' when examining applications under Article 3: 'on the one hand...it is the Court's task to protect the electoral rights of individuals; but, on the other hand, it should not overstep the limits of its explicit and implicit legitimacy and try to rule instead of the people on the constitutional order which this people creates for itself' "
# Antonella Ferrara

Antonella Ferrara (born 1963) is an Italian control theorist and engineer, known for her work on sliding mode control.

## Education and career

Ferrara is originally from Genoa, and studied electrical engineering at the University of Genoa, earning a laurea in 1987 and completing a Ph.D. in 1992. She became an assistant professor at the University of Genoa in 1992, and moved to the University of Pavia in 1998 as an associate professor. She was named professor of automatic control in 2005. At Pavia, she was originally affiliated with the department of computer engineering and systems science, and in 2011 became one of the founding members of a new department of electrical, computer, and biomedical engineering.
Ferrara chaired the Women in Control Committee of the IEEE Control Systems Society from 2013 to 2016.

## Recognition

Ferrara was named an IEEE Fellow in 2020 "for contributions to sliding mode control theory". She is also a Fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control.

## Books

Ferrara is the coauthor of books including:
* Freeway Traffic Modelling and Control (with Simona Sacone and Silvia Siri, Springer, 2018)
* Advanced and Optimization Based Sliding Mode Control: Theory and Applications (with Gian Paolo Incremona and Michele Cucuzella, SIAM, 2019)
# Aptunga vega

Aptunga vega is a species of snout moth. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 1996. It is found in the Dominican Republic.
The length of the forewings is 11.5–13 mm.

## Etymology

The specific epithet is derived from the type locality of La Vega.
# Aptunga culmenicola

Aptunga culmenicola is a species of snout moth. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 1996. It is found in the Dominican Republic.
The length of the forewings is about 12.5 mm.
# Aptunga setadebilia

Aptunga setadebilia is a species of snout moth. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 1996. It is found in the Dominican Republic.
The length of the forewings is 8.5–9 mm.
# Apple Software Restore

Apple Software Restore or asr is a command line utility in Mac OS X used to apply a DMG disk image to a selected partition or mount point on a file system. It is often used for cloning large numbers of Macintosh computers. Apple Software Restore can read an image locally or from a server via HTTP or its own multicast asr:// URI.
asr has two methods it can use to restore an image to a volume: it can either copy items in a file-by-file mode, or it can directly block-copy the image. As the latter method does not need to go through the OS filesystem, it is much faster, typically being limited only by the speed of the drives or network connections involved. But in order to use this faster method the .dmg file involved must first be checksummed, and in some cases the files re-ordered inside the image. This is also done by the same tool.
The graphical Disk Utility uses asr processes in the background to perform restores.
# Antipater I of Macedon

Antipater I of Macedon (Greek: Ἀντίπατρος), was the son of Cassander and Thessalonike of Macedon, who was a half-sister of Alexander the Great. He was king of Macedon from 297 BC until 294 BC, jointly with his brother Alexander V. Eventually, he murdered his mother and ousted his brother from the throne. Alexander turned to Pyrrhus and Demetrius I Poliorcetes for help, and Demetrius I overthrew Antipater and then had Alexander murdered. Antipater was killed by Lysimachus, after he fled from Demetrius I to Thrace. His wife was Eurydice, his paternal first cousin who was a daughter of Lysimachus. He and his brother were the last kings of Macedon to be descended from Perdiccas I.