OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Why the Germans Do It Better

Why the Germans Do It Better: Notes from a Grown-Up Country is a 2020 book by British journalist John Kampfner.
Publication rights in the Commonwealth of Nations, excluding Canada, were acquired by Atlantic Books in March 2019.

## Summary

“Why the Germans Do It Better: Notes from a Grown-Up Country” by John Kampfner examines the factors behind Germany’s impressive political, economic, and cultural achievements, contrasting them with the difficulties faced by the UK and other Western countries. Kampfner credits Germany’s success to its strong commitment to democracy, a well-balanced social market economy, and a comprehensive welfare state. He highlights Germany’s effective response to crises, such as the refugee situation and the COVID-19 pandemic, showcasing the country’s efficient governance and societal resilience. By combining historical context with contemporary analysis, Kampfner presents Germany as a model of stability and maturity in a world that is often volatile.

## Reception
### Critical reception

Ben Hall for the Financial Times praised the work as "well-timed and well-aimed" in light of Germany's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. David Edgerton in The Guardian suggested that the book was not just a study of Germany, but also a comparison between the United Kingdom after Brexit, and Germany. Similarly, Ruadhán Mac Cormaic for The Irish Times described the work as a "lament on the state of contemporary, growth-stunted Britain". Matthew Qvortrup described the book in Prospect as a "well-argued case" to learn from Germany. Oliver Moody of The Times described the book as an "impeccably fair guide" to Germany. Anne McElvoy for The Observer said the book was an "even-handed hymn to Germany" that "underlines why Britain will need its help in a post-Brexit world". Simon Heffer in The Daily Telegraph awarded the book two out of five stars.

### Awards

The book was long-listed for the 2021 Orwell Prize.
# John Beecher

John Beecher may refer to:
* John Beecher (poet) (1904–1980), American activist poet, writer, and journalist
* John Hubbard Beecher (1927–1987), American musician
* Johnny Beecher (ice hockey) (born 2001), American ice hockey player
# 2022 Internazionali di Tennis Castel del Monte

The 2022 Internazionali di Tennis Castel del Monte was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Andria, Italy between 21 and 27 November 2022.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| HUN | Márton Fucsovics | 97 | 1 |
| FRA | Hugo Gaston | 106 | 2 |
| CZE | Tomáš Macháč | 112 | 3 |
| USA | Michael Mmoh | 118 | 4 |
| AUT | Jurij Rodionov | 122 | 5 |
| SWE | Elias Ymer | 128 | 6 |
| NED | Jelle Sels | 133 | 7 |
| BEL | Zizou Bergs | 135 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 14 November 2022.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Federico Arnaboldi
* Gianmarco Ferrari
* Stefano Travaglia
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Mathys Erhard
* Arthur Fils
* Alibek Kachmazov
* Illya Marchenko
* Stuart Parker
* Andrew Paulson
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Evgeny Karlovskiy
* David Poljak

## Champions
### Singles

* Leandro Riedi def. Mikhail Kukushkin 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 6–3.

### Doubles

* Julian Cash / Henry Patten def. Francesco Forti / Marcello Serafini 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, 6–4, [10–4].
# Donaudorf

Donaudorf may refer to several places in Austria:
* a cadastral community in Gedersdorf, Lower Austria
* a cadastral community in the municipal Ybbs an der Donau, Melk District Lower Austria
# Alvorge

Alvorge is a civil parish of the municipality of Ansião, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,227, in an area of 39.05 km². As a religious parish, it belongs to the Diocese of Coimbra.
The name "Alvorge" is from the Arabic Al Burj, meaning "the tower", In the period of the Christian Reconquest, Alvorge was part of the border area of Ladeia, so that its tower was part of the border defenses protecting the city of Coimbra to its north. The tower also had the purpose of protecting the spring of Alvorge, which provided a rich source of water in a region poor in springs. Only some ruins remain of this tower.
One of the first references to Alvorge comes in 1141 (even before the independence of the Kingdom of Portugal) in a deed or charter by which D. Afonso Henriques donated the church, tower and estate of Alvorge to the Monastery of Santa Cruz de Coimbra. The grange of Alvorge together with Alcalamouque and Ateanha (now part of the parish of Alvorge) are mentioned as three granges of Santa Cruz in an inquiry carried out between 1220 and 1258.
In the urban center of Alvorge is the Chapel of Mercy. This is a baroque building annexed to the old hospital of the village, in the facade of which one can see the royal coat of arms. Inside is a gilt High Altar from the 18th century. On the same street there are other historic buildings including the porch house that was donated to the Holy House of Mercy. The Church of Alvorge, from the late 17th century, is dedicated to Our Lady of Conception. It has an altar carved with Solomonic columns and figures of angels, vine leaves and grape bunches.
# Kindoyé

Kindoyé is a town and sub-prefecture in the Dabola Prefecture in the Faranah Region of Guinea. As of 2014 it had a population of 6,495 people.
# Harold Windingstad

Harold Oliver Windingstad Jr. (August 26, 1929 – November 18, 2006) was an American politician and farmer from Minnesota, and a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.

## Political "go to" man

Windingstad lived his entire life on his family's farm in Providence Township in Lac qui Parle County. A populist, he had grass roots political experience and an "uncanny sense of community." He was considered the man in southwestern Minnesota to whom candidates turned for advice, fundraising and get-out-the-vote efforts. His knowledge of the political landscape defined strategies for many local and state-wide races through the years.

## DFL Party leader

Windingstad served as chair of the 2nd Congressional District DFL for nearly twenty years, and was a delegate to two Democratic national conventions. He is credited with helping the Minnesota delegation come together after Jimmy Carter won the endorsement for President in 1976, saying of the Georgia governor: "Looks like a nice young man. He might go someplace." After handing his 2nd District chair position over to Jonette Engan in 1989, the district chose to honor him by establishing an annual golf tournament in Willmar known as the Windingstad Open. The event attracted golfers and political leaders from throughout the region each August.

## Farmers Union leader and public service

In 1987, Windingstad won the Hubert Humphrey Award for his dedication to and leadership in the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. A leader in the Minnesota Farmers Union and chair of the local chapter for many years, he, along with his wife, Dolores, received the inaugural Minnesota Farmers Union Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. He served on the Southwest Minnesota Housing Partnership (SWHP) Board from its inception in 1992 until his death, and also served four terms on the Minnesota Board on Aging. He was also a member of the Prairie Five Community Action Council Board for over 25 years.
# Yan Jianhong

Yan Jianhong (Chinese: 阎健宏; 1932 – 16 January 1995) was a Chinese politician who was executed in 1995 for corruption. She had been deputy director and deputy secretary of the Guizhou Provincial Planning Commission, a former member of the Standing Committee of the Guizhou Provincial Political Consultative Conference, and former chairman of the Guizhou International Trust and Investment Corporation.
Reportedly, she refused to kneel at her execution, saying "I have not knelt since China's liberation", and was shot in the back of the head while standing.
Her husband was Liu Zhengwei, Communist Party Secretary of Guizhou Province.
# Jiný vzduch

Jiný vzduch is a 1939 Czech drama film directed by Martin Frič.

## Cast

* František Smolík as Frantisek Elis
* Zdeňka Baldová as Elisová Zena
* Hana Vítová as Helena
* Ladislav Boháč as Prokop
* František Kreuzmann as Emil Viták
* František Paul as Pavelka
* Bedřich Veverka as Boubela
* Vojta Novák as Professor Vácha
* Oldřich Kovár as Zpevák
# Joesting

Joesting is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Herb Joesting (1905–1963), American football player and coach
* John F. Joesting (died 1978), American politician
# Typhaea

Typhaea is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Mycetophagidae.
The genus was described in 1829 by Stephens.
Species:
* Typhaea africana Dajoz, 1970
* Typhaea angusta Rosenhauer, 1856
* Typhaea decipiens Lohse, 1989
* Typhaea hirta Broun, 1880
* Typhaea stercorea (Linnaeus, 1758)
# Amabel Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey

Amabel Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey, 5th Baroness Lucas (née Yorke; 23 January 1751 – 4 March 1833) was a British diarist and political writer who was a countess and baroness in her own right. Had she been male, she would have served in the House of Lords as a Whig. She wrote particularly about the French Revolution.

## Life and family

Lady Amabel Yorke was born in 1751, the elder daughter of Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, and his wife, Jemima Campbell, 2nd Marchioness Grey, 4th Baroness Lucas. She was educated at home, which was either Wrest Park in Bedfordshire or the family's London home in St James's Square. She loved books from the age of five, and she became a diarist. She was painted as a child by Joshua Reynolds, and engravings of that portrait are in the National Portrait Gallery in London.
She was taught about art by James Basire and Alexander Cozens, and about etching by James Bretherton. Her own prints are kept in the British Museum. She wrote about political matters, and had she been male, she would have served in the House of Lords as a Whig. She wrote particularly about the French Revolution.
She married Alexander Hume-Campbell, Lord Polwarth, on 17 August 1780, but the marriage was childless.
In 1797, she became 5th Baroness Lucas, inheriting the title from her mother. In 1816, she was created Countess de Grey in her own right, with a special remainder to her sister and her sister's male heirs. Her younger sister, Mary, who predeceased her, married Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham, and had children, the eldest of whom inherited the earldom of de Grey and the barony of Lucas.
The countess died in Westminster in 1833. She left over 4,000 etchings to the British Museum, and many of these are thought to be from her own collecting.
# Aberrant decoding

Aberrant decoding or aberrant reading is a concept used in fields such as communication and media studies, semiotics, and journalism about how messages can be interpreted differently from what was intended by their sender. The concept was proposed by Umberto Eco in an article published first in 1965 in Italian and in 1972 in English.

## Concept

Every communication act requires that the messages must be encoded into a set of signs by the sender. These signs must then be transmitted and decoded by the receiver to understand the contained messages. The code system must be shared by both the sender and the receiver in order for the communication to succeed. For example, thoughts must be encoded into words, transmitted through air, and then be decoded back to thoughts. Often the sender has a certain meaning to convey with his message, hoping the receiver will interpret it correctly. This right interpretation can be called the preferred decoding or preferred reading. When the interpretation of the message is different from what was intended, this can be called aberrant decoding. Aberrant decodings can occur in a more widespread range of situations, as wrong interpretation of a media product or text whose incoming message is not the one intended by the creator of the product or text.
According to Eco, aberrant decodings were rare in pre-industrial societies, when most communication occurred between people who shared the same culture. He lists four classes of exceptions where aberrant decodings could have happened:
* People who did not share the same language.
* People trying to interpret the meanings of past cultures. For example, Medieval people looking at Roman art.
* People who did not share the same belief system. For example, Christians looking at pagan art.
* People who came from different cultures. For example, white Europeans looking at Aboriginal art.
Eco continues that in contemporary media, instead of being exceptions, aberrant decodings have become the norm. For example, TV broadcasters know beforehand that their messages will be interpreted in various ways. He speculated that because of this freedom of interpretation, the power of media over individuals might be much less influential than is thought.
This idea of examining the messages contained in the media and how the audience interprets them has since become one of the core concepts of academic media research. Eco's article influenced, among others, Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding theory.
John Fiske has argued that aberrant decoding occurs mainly with iconic codes, referring to visual messages. As an example, he explains how prehistoric cave paintings of animals are often seen as graceful and moving. However, in 1960, Margaret Abercrombie claimed that the paintings are, in fact, depictions of dead animals. Thus, if we accept Abercrombie's claim, we can argue that our modern culture, where we value living animals and only rarely encounter dead ones, has led us to aberrant decoding of the paintings.
# Andrew Rowell

Andrew Rowell (born 10 February 1982 in Carmarthen, Wales) is a filmmaker. Based in Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom, he won an Emmy for his camerawork for NBC on the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.
After graduating in 2004 Andrew received notable success winning the 2004 JVC Short Film Award for his production Four of a Kind. Andrew has produced work for BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Sky1 and Sky Sports, as well as producing corporate work for organisations such as JCB, DHL and Vodafone. He was also co-producer of the BAFTA shortlisted Sky1 documentary Ben: Diary of a Heroin Addict.
In October 2010 Andrew travelled with a delegation including James Caan to Pakistan to film villages affected by the floods.
# The Yadkin Ripple

The Yadkin Ripple is a weekly newspaper based in Yadkinville, North Carolina. It was first published in East Bend, North Carolina, on October 18, 1892.
The Ripple, published on Thursdays, was purchased in June 2007 by Heartland Publications. It shares a publisher and its production staff with The Tribune in Elkin and is printed at The Mount Airy News.

## History

Mattie Johnson Hall, who used the pseudonym "Meddlesome Mattie," started The Ripple in East Bend in 1892. She named it after watching a ripple over a dam on the Yadkin River. In 1896, the paper was sold to attorney Elisha Stanford who moved the offices to Yadkinville. She in-turn sold The Ripple to Samuel Carter (S. Carter) Williams who in 1909 sold the publication to Mr Rutledge.
In 1909, it was sold to W.E. Rutledge Sr. (November 13, 1887 – April 2, 1966). Rutledge was owner, editor and publisher of the paper until his death in 1966. The paper remained in the Rutledge family until 2002 when it was sold to Mid-South Management Company Inc. of Spartanburg, South Carolina. The Yadkin Enterprise, another weekly Yadkinville newspaper, then merged into The Ripple.
In June 2007, The Ripple and its sister publications were sold to Heartland Publications LLC of Connecticut. A week after the sale, Rebel Good, publisher of The Ripple and The Tribune, left his position along with a number of senior staffers. Good and former Mount Airy News publisher Michael Milligan plan to launch a newspaper to compete with The Mount Airy News.
In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017. Later in 2017, Champion Media sold its Mount Airy area newspapers to Adams Publishing Group.
# Alex Oshmyansky

Alexander Oshmyansky (born in November 1984) is an American radiologist who is co-founder and CEO of Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company.

## Biography

Oshmyansky was born in Denver, Colorado into a Jewish family of immigrants from the Soviet Union and grew up in Littleton, Colorado, about 9 miles south of Denver. He attended Dakota Ridge High School in Littleton.
Oshmyansky attended the University of Colorado Boulder, graduating at the age of 18 and majoring in biochemistry. He then attended Duke University for medicine. He also completed a DPhil (PhD) in mathematics at St. Cross College, University of Oxford as a Marshall Scholar.
He completed a surgical internship at Harvard Medical School / Brigham and Women’s Hospital and then a residency in diagnostic radiology followed by a pediatric radiology fellowship at Johns Hopkins Hospital. While in residency, he attended night school at UB School of Law for the 2013–2014 school year out of personal interest.
In 2018, he founded Osh Affordable Pharmaceuticals and shortly after, sent Mark Cuban a cold email asking him to invest. Cuban instead decided to financially back the entire company, and the name was changed to Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company (MCCPDC), or more simply Cost Plus Drugs.
Oshmyansky is a staff radiologist at Vision Radiology, for which he performs teleradiology at multiple locations around the United States. He is affiliated with a number of medical institutions, such as St. Francis Hospital in Wilmington, Delaware and Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

## Honors

Oshmyansky was included in Time's 2024 Top 100 most influential people in health.

## Personal life

Oshmyansky lives in Dallas with his wife.
# Bashkir

Bashkir may refer to:
* Bashkirs, an ethnic group in Russia, primarily living in Bashkortostan and neighboring countries
* Bashkir language, a Turkic language spoken by the Bashkirs
* A citizen of Bashkortostan
* The American Bashkir Curly, a curly-coated American horse breed
* The Bashkir horse, a horse breed from Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation
* Stefan Bashkir, a character in Eoin Colfer's novel The Supernaturalist
* The V'ornn name for their merchant class, in Eric Van Lustbader's Pearl Saga
# Bead lily

Bead lily is a common name for several flowering plant species in genus Clintonia, including:
* Clintonia andrewsiana, Andrews' bead lily, also known as the red bead lily
* Clintonia borealis, the blue bead-lily
* Clintonia uniflora, the queen's cup bead lily, or simply beadlily
# Amadi, Congo

Amadi is a town in the Bas-Uélé province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

## Location

Amadi lies on the left bank of the Uele River where it was crossed by the RS438 road. It is in the Poko Territory. The Amadi clan are "zandéizéd people who speak the Zande language. They are named after a former leader.

## History

A Belgian exploratory column led by Willem Frans Van Kerckhoven and Jules Alexandre Milz reached the location of Amadi on 22 December 1891 where they started to build a post.
Some Premonstratensian missionaries left the Ibembo mission in December 1899 and arrived in Amadi on 10 January 1900, where they founded the first Catholic mission in Haut-Uele. In 1911 the Premonstratensians ceded the eastern part of their apostolic prefecture to the Dominicans. The first Dominicans arrived on 12 January 1912. In 1952 Amadi was ceded to the Augustinians, who formed the apostolic prefecture of Doruma on 24 February 1958. The mission of Amadi Saint-Herman today depends on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Doruma–Dungu.
# 1905 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team

The 1905 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1905 Western Conference football season. In their sixth year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 10–1 record (2–1 against Western Conference opponents), shut out 9 of 11 opponents, and outscored all opponents 542 to 22.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 23 | Twin Cities Central High* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 74–0 | 3,500 |
| September 30 | Shattuck/Pillsbury Academy* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 54–0 | 1,500 |
| September 30 | St. Thomas (MN)* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 42–0 | 1,500 |
| October 7 | North Dakota Agricultural* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 45–0 | 2,000 |
| October 14 | Iowa State* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 42–0 | 1,000 |
| October 21 | Iowa | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN (rivalry) | W 39–0 | 3,550 |
| October 28 | Lawrence* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 46–0 | 1,000 |
| November 4 | Wisconsin | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN (rivalry) | L 12–16 | 25,000 |
| November 11 | South Dakota State* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 81–0 | 1,000 |
| November 18 | Nebraska* | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN (rivalry) | W 35–0 | 10,000 |
| November 25 | Northwestern | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 72–6 | 5,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate

Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate is a hypnotic/sedative. It is a combination of acetylglycinamide and chloral hydrate.
# Iddah, Kaduna State

Iddah, or Ida is a ward and a village of Kagarko Local Government Area in southern Kaduna State in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. The postal code of the area is 802.

## Education

* Government Senior Secondary School (GSSS), Iddah
# Trompeta china

The trompeta china (also called corneta china), a Cuban traditional wind instrument, is actually the Chinese suona, an instrument in the oboe family (and thus not a trumpet, despite its name) introduced to Cuba by Chinese immigrants during the colonial period (specifically the late nineteenth century).
The trompeta china is used primarily in Cuban carnival music, particularly in the eastern region of Santiago, where it is an integral part of the comparsa (carnival musical ensemble). The instrument has also been adopted for use in some forms of son. Players of the trompeta china are not necessarily of Chinese ancestry, and in Cuba the instrument's playing style is more imitative of a trumpet than the traditional playing style of the suona or any other Chinese instrument.
In addition to its use in Cuba, Canadian jazz saxophonist and flautist Jane Bunnett has taken up the trompeta china and uses it with her Afro-Cuban jazz band.