OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ferry tank

A ferry tank is an auxiliary fuel container that is usually temporarily attached to a motorized device which it then supplies fuel. A ferry tank allows the range or endurance of the vehicle or aircraft to be extended. Ferry tanks are typically used in both civil and military aviation; civil aviation and transport aircraft tend to use internal tanks while combat aircraft will use external tanks.
In aviation, ferry tanks allow aircraft additional range to reach destinations beyond the aircraft's specified range when there are no available re-fueling stopover locations. For example, for an aircraft with only 1,000 miles range to be delivered from North America to Hawaii, which is over 2,000 miles away, the aircraft will require a ferry tank to supply it with enough fuel to travel the excess miles.

## History

The first ferry tanks were drop tanks that fit externally on the aircraft and were used primarily by the military, allowing combat aircraft to both travel longer distances and remain in combat longer, giving advantages to air forces that utilized them on their planes. But they also made the planes vulnerable to small arms fire.

## Design

Military forces often utilize external ferry tanks, allowing aircraft to travel greater distance or remain in combat longer. For example, external ferry tanks made possible the Israeli Air Force raid on the Osirak nuclear reactor known as Operation Opera.
The external tanks refill the main tank as it is depleted. Empty external tanks may be dumped in flight, known as drop tanks, or may be retained.
# Clarinet Concerto (Rouse)

The Clarinet Concerto is a concerto for clarinet and orchestra by the American composer Christopher Rouse. The work was commissioned for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and its principal clarinetist Larry Combs by the Institute for American Music. It was completed December 11, 2000 and premiered May 17, 2001 at Symphony Center in Chicago with Christoph Eschenbach conducting the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. The piece is dedicated to Rouse's friend and fellow composer Augusta Read Thomas.

## Composition

Having composed his previous work Rapture in an almost entirely consonant manner, Rouse attempted to "reinvent" his composition style in the single-movement Clarinet Concerto. Thus, the style of the piece is distinctly more chromatic and dissonant than its predecessor, while also employing seemingly desultory changes in mood and form. In the program notes to the concerto, Rouse remarked:
   My final act of 'reinvention' was, for the first time since my early undergraduate student days, to employ elements of randomness and indeterminacy in the composing of the work. Interjected in my concerto at three points are short three-movement 'microconcerti,' their point of interpolation determined by random processes. These microconcerti have a more discernibly 'classical' cast to them, and they increasingly have recourse to tonality; each is also approximately half the length of its predecessor.
Rouse also declared of the concerto, "...it is a work that has taken me longer to compose than has any other score of mine to date."

## Reception

Calum MacDonald of BBC Music Magazine described the piece as "...mercurially changeable in direction and material, playing irreverent games with the number 12, and with a burlesque embedded pastiche ‘mini-concerto’ whose appearances are determined (shades of John Cage!) by rolls of the dice." Reviewing the world premiere of the concerto, John von Rhein of the Chicago Tribune praised the clarinet writing as "test[ing] the virtuosity of the soloist" and the composition as a whole for "dar[ing] the audience to hang on tight as it takes them on the high-energy roller-coaster ride of their lives." Rhein further commented:
   One of the remarkable things about this single-movement, 18-minute workout for clarinetist and orchestra is that you never quite know how far Rouse will go to pull your leg. Surely those noisy razzberries that go up from the winds and brass at the outset are meant as a joke -- likewise the police whistle at the end. But is there an implied program? Combs' frantic, squealing attempts to make his clarinet heard are rudely silenced, first by obstreperous brass, later by pounding percussion. He resembles nothing so much as an athlete heroically attempting to run a one-man race strewn with nasty obstacles.
# Bean-feast

A bean-feast, also known as beano in Britain, is an informal term for a celebratory meal or party. Historically it referred especially to an annual summer dinner given by an employer to their employees. Its probable origin is the Twelfth Night festival from the Low Countries. By extension, colloquially, it described any festive occasion with a meal and perhaps an outing. An alternative derivation refers the name to the eating of a dish of beans and bacon, and seems to trace to 1725, when Daniel Day of Wapping, London began to entertain friends near his estate at Fairlop in Essex on the first Friday in July.
A goose, which is the raison d’être of the feast, has been dropped out of the name, though a goose was always the staple of the entertainment. A bean goose is a migratory bird, arriving in UK in autumn and going northwards in April. It takes its name from the likeness of the upper part of the bill to a horse-bean.
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the beanfeast often took the form of a trip to some beauty spot, where the meal was provided.
It is derived from the Twelfth Night feast, at which a king cake or pie with a special object or "favour" buried in it was a great feature. This remains a common custom in much of Europe and former European colonies; in the US mainly in New Orleans. Elsewhere the favour took various forms, including metal tokens and small pottery figures. In the Low Countries a bean was usual. The bean king for the rest of the night was the person who had the slice of cake containing the bean. The king (or queen) was given a paper crown to wear, and appointed various court officials. When the king took a drink, all the party shouted "the king drinks". The subject was often painted by Flemish Baroque and Dutch Golden Age painters, especially Jacob Jordaens and Jan Steen.
# Atlas Maritime

Atlas Maritime is an international shipping company with a fleet of tanker vessels engaged in the worldwide transportation of crude oil and refined oil products.
Atlas Bulk Ltd. manages dry bulk vessels, that transport iron ore, grains and coal.

## Management

Leon Patitsas has served as the chief executive officer of Atlas Maritime, since he founded the company in 2004.

## Fleet

Atlas Maritime currently manages a fleet of tankers and bulkers.
In October 2022 orders were revealed for two new aframax crude oil carriers (LR2 tankers) from DH Shipbuilding (formerly Daehan Shipbuilding). The tankers are expected to join the fleet in 2025.

## History

The Lemos family is a prominent Greek ship-owning family which has been involved in shipping since the 18th century. From 1860 to 1914 the family owned 52 vessels. Whilst their first vessels were general cargo, the family expanded their interests over the years into bulk carriers and tankers.
Throughout the 20th century, the family continued to charter, sell, and purchase vessels of various types. In the two centuries of its operation, the Patitsas-Lemos family has managed over 100 ships developing a wide network of industry contacts.
In 1905 Christos M. Lemos purchased, together with other prominent Oinoussian families, the family's first steamer: the 2,339 gross ton “Marietta Ralli”. Christos M. Lemos, who also became the first captain of the steamer, continued to build the fleet through the purchases of s/s “Triaina” and s/s “Efploia”.
His sons, including Captain Leon Lemos, further expanded the shipping business by co-founding the London-based company “Lemos & Pateras” in 1937. In recognition of their contribution in World War II and as compensation for the losses they suffered, the family, in 1947, bought the “Hellas”, one of the hundred newly available Liberty ships. Captain Leon Lemos became a prominent Greek shipowner in the 1970s and 1980s, building up a fleet of 17 vessels.
Captain Leon Lemos was the father of Mrs. Marigo Patitsas-Lemos, and the grandfather of Leon and Philemon Patitsas. Their father Spyros Patitsas entered the family business in 1968.
# First National Bank of Custer City

First National Bank of Custer City, in Custer City, Oklahoma, was built in 1903. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Placesin 1985.
It is a two-story red brick building, 30 by 80 feet (9.1 m × 24.4 m) in plan. Its only decorative architectural element is a corner parapet with "1903" and "First National Bank" spelled out in white-painted concrete letters.
# Dale Castle

Dale Castle is a 13th-century castle located close to the village of Dale in Pembrokeshire, Wales. In 1910, part of the castle was removed and other parts were incorporated into a new private dwelling house, built in the style of a fortified manor house.

## History

Built after the Norman invasion of South Wales, the castle was originally built by the de Vales, descendants of a knight who had accompanied Robert fitz Martin on his invasion of north Pembrokeshire. The male line died out, meaning that subsequent owners have rotated through the female bloodline. The Walter family of Roch Castle took ownership, from whom Lucy Walter, mistress of King Charles II and mother of the Duke of Monmouth was descended. It was then owned by the families of the Paynters, Allens and Lloyds.

## The site

Little remains of the original medieval castle and what there is was largely remodelled and incorporated into the present modern house and farm in 1910. In an illustration dating from around 1810, a rectangular battlemented tower is visible with a range of buildings with a hipped roof running to the west. Another illustration, this time from the 1880s, shows these buildings to have had three storeys and the tower was still complete at the time. At the time of the remodelling in 1910, the tower seems to have been reduced in height and both the tower and buildings seem to have lost their roofs. The back wall of the buildings was removed and the front wall became part of the forecourt of the house.
The south wing of the current structure was the central block of the medieval castle, 19.5 metres (64 ft) east-north-east to west-south-west by 17 metres (56 ft), with walls 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) thick.
Owned now by the Lloyd Philipps family and their trusts, they have sold much of the remaining non-core estate land holdings, including the island of Skokholm. The castle is not open to the public.
# Design 1018 ship

The Design 1018 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1018) was a steel-hulled cargo ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. They were referred to as the "Sun-type" as they were built by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Chester, Pennsylvania. 4 ships were completed for the USSB in late 1919 and through 1920. An additional ship was completed in 1920 for a private shipping company.
# Tropidophis bucculentus

Tropidophis bucculentus, also known commonly as the Navassa Island dwarf boa, is a nonvenomous dwarf boa species endemic to Navassa Island in the Caribbean Sea. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.

## Geographic range

The type locality given for T. bucculentus is "Navassa Id."

## Description

Preserved museum specimens of T. bucculentus indicate that it varied in snout-to-vent length (SVL) from 30–60 cm (0.98–1.97 ft).

## Reproduction

T. bucculentus is an ovoviviparous species.

## Conservation status

T. bucculentus is possibly extinct. The species became a casualty of human interference and feral predators, such as rats, cats, dogs, and goats that were introduced during the large-scale mining period on this small island during the 1800s.
# City of Salt

The City of Salt or Ir-melah (עיר המלח in Hebrew) is a town referred to in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. According to the Book of Joshua 15:62, the town was located in the wilderness of Judah, otherwise known as the Judaean Desert. Scholars such as Martin Noth, Frank Cross and Józef Milik have identified the town with the present-day archaeological site of Khirbet Qumran. Other proposed identifications include En et-Turaba and Maṣad Gozal.

## Ancient name

The toponym is occasionally transcribed in English translations of the Hebrew Bible, such as Ir-melah in the JPS Tanakh, which is a transliteration of the Hebrew עיר המלח (ˁîr-hammelaḥ).
# Bealanana District

Bealanana is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Ambanja in north, Ambilobe in northeast, Andapa in east, Befandriana-Nord in south, Antsohihy in southwest and Analalava in west. The area is 6,543 km$^2$ (2,526 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 201,836 in 2020.

## Communes

The district is further divided into 13 communes:
* Ambalaromba
* Ambatoriha
* Ambatosia
* Ambodiadabo
* Ambodisikidy
* Ambonomby
* Analila
* Antananivo Haut
* Antsamaka
* Bealanana
* Beandrarezona
* Mangidrano
* Marotolana

## Roads

Bealanana is connected with the rest of the country by the RN 31 that leads from Bealanana to the junction with the RN 6 near Andrafia.

## References and notes

* ↑ "Madagascar: Administrative Division (Regions and Districts) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
14°29′S 48°52′E﻿ / ﻿14.483°S 48.867°E﻿ / -14.483; 48.867
* This Sofia Region of Madagascar location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Athletics at the 1991 Pan American Games – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase

The men's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 1991 Pan American Games was held in Havana, Cuba on 5 August.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Adauto Domingues | Brazil | 8:36.01 |
| | Ricardo Vera | Uruguay | 8:36.83 |
| | Juan Ramón Conde | Cuba | 8:37.53 |
| 4 | Marcelo Cascabelo | Argentina | 8:37.90 |
| 5 | Dan Reese | United States | 8:39.58 |
| 6 | Germán Silva | Mexico | 8:51.16 |
| 7 | Antonio Conde | Cuba | 8:57.71 |
| 8 | Henry Klassen | Canada | 9:09.31 |
| 9 | Jim Cooper | United States | 9:15.31 |
| 10 | Roger Miranda | Nicaragua | 9:33.90 |
| | Rubén García | Mexico | DNS |
# Droop nose

Droop nose may refer to:
* Droop nose (aeronautics), a component of some supersonic aircraft
* Leading-edge droop flap, a type of high-lift device found on the wings of some aircraft
* East Lancs 1984-style double-deck body, a bus body known as "Droop Nose"
# Ferranti (surname)

Ferranti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ferrante Ferranti (born 1960), French photographer and architect
* Gina Ferranti, American actress
* Juliana Scott Szczepanowska de Ferranti (1825 – 1906), British concert pianist and author.
* Marie Ferranti, French writer
* Marco Aurelio Zani de Ferranti, (1801–1878), Italian classical guitarist and composer
* Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti (1864–1930), British electrical engineer and inventor
* Valerie Hunter Gordon (née Ziani de Ferranti) (1921–2016), British inventor of PADDI, considered to be the world's first disposable nappy, and Nikini, an early sanitary towel system.
* Vincent Ziani de Ferranti (1893–1980), chairman of Ferranti company from 1930 to 1963.
# Les Brasseurs RJ

Les Brasseurs RJ is a brewery located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The company was founded in 1998 by Roger Jaar from the merger of three microbreweries: Les Brasseurs GMT, La Brasserie Le Cheval Blanc and Les Brasseurs de l'Anse. Current annual production capacity is over 125,000 hL; they claim to be the largest microbrewery in Quebec. They currently employ 450 people, including employees at the head office in Montreal, a distribution centre in Quebec City, and a brewery in l'Anse St-Jean that fills beer kegs.
In addition to a variety of beers of their own fabrication and recipe, the microbrewery brews two d'Achouffe beers under licence and distributes the Bitburger Premium Beer, Köstritzer Schwarzbier, König Pilsner, and Wernesgrüner for the Quebec market. A portion of their sales from the "Rescousse" brand used to collect funds for the preservation of endangered species via a donation to the Fondation de la faune du Québec.
Due to the brewery's location in the Plateau-Mont-Royal borough in Montreal, and their extensive sponsorship of local events, they are known as the "Official Brewer of the Avenue" (Mount-Royal Avenue)
Peter McAuslan, President, and Ellen Bounsall, Vice-President Production, founders and majority shareholders of La Brasserie McAuslan Brewing Inc., announced in April 2014 that they sold their holdings to Les Brasseurs RJ. They will have no further role in the operations of McAuslan.
# Design 1031 ship

The Design 1031 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1031) was a steel-hulled tanker ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. A total of 16 ships were ordered; 5 were cancelled and 11 were built from 1919 to 1920. Two shipyards were used in their construction: Bethlehem Wilmington Shipyard of Wilmington, Delaware (6 ships); and Terry Shipbuilding Company of Savannah, Georgia (5 ships).
# Accident (fallacy)

The fallacy of accident (also called destroying the exception or a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid) is an informal fallacy where a general rule is applied to an exceptional case. The fallacy of accident gets its name from the fact that one or more accidental features of the specific case make it an exception to the rule. A generalization that is largely true may not apply in a specific case (or to some subcategory of cases) for good reasons. It is one of the thirteen fallacies originally identified by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations.
For example:
* People who commit crimes are criminals.
* Cutting people with knives is a crime.
* Surgeons are people who cut other people with knives.
* Therefore, surgeons are criminals.
The argument is committing the fallacy of accident because it erroneously generalizes a specific characteristic of cutting people with knives (which is a crime when done outside the context of certain professions or situations) to all instances of cutting people with knives.

## Examples

* Freedom of speech is a constitutionally guaranteed right. Therefore, John Q. Radical should not be arrested for his speech that incited the riot last week.
* People are obligated to keep their promises. When Jessica married Tyler, she promised to stay with him for life. Therefore, she should stay with him now, even though he has become an abusive spouse addicted to gambling and drugs.
# Samuel Vassall (Jamaica)

Samuel Vassall was the speaker of the House of Assembly of Jamaica in 1711.
# Tropidophis battersbyi

Tropidophis battersbyi, also known commonly as Battersby's dwarf boa and the Ecuadorian dwarf boa, is a species of snake in the family Tropidophiidae. The species is endemic to Ecuador.

## Etymology

The specific name, battersbyi, is in honor of British herpetologist James Clarence Battersby (1901–1993).

## Description

Dorsally, T. battersbyi has four rows of large dark spots. It has a high number of ventral scales, up to 200. It has a low number of maxillary teeth, only 12.

## Reproduction

T. battersbyi is viviparous.
# Athletics at the 1991 Pan American Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay

The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1991 Pan American Games was held in Havana, Cuba on 11 August.

## Results

| Rank | Nation | Athletes | Time |
| | Cuba | Agustín Pavó, Héctor Herrera, Jorge Valentín, Lázaro Martínez | 3:01.93 |
| | United States | Clarence Daniel, Quincy Watts, Jeff Reynolds, Gabriel Luke | 3:02.02 |
| | Jamaica | Michael Anderson, Howard Burnett, Seymour Fagan, Patrick O'Connor | 3:02.12 |
| 4 | Trinidad and Tobago | Patrick Delice, Alvin Daniel, Robert Guy, Ian Morris | 3:06.91 |
| 5 | Barbados | Terry Harewood, Ronald Thorne, Steven Roberts, Seibert Straughn | 3:07.74 |
| 6 | Canada | Mike McLean, Anthony Wilson, Troy Jackson, Anton Skerrit | 3:08.36 |
| 7 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Dexter Browne, Eversley Linley, Eswort Coombs, Kent Dennie | 3:20.33 |
| 8 | Belize | John Palacio, Brent Hamilton, Carlton Usher, Michael Joseph | 3:21.24 |
# Duane C. Butcher

Duane Clemens Butcher (born 1965) is a retired American diplomat who last served as the Executive Director of the Bureau of African Affairs at the Department of State. Immediately prior, he served as the Director of the Office of Overseas Employment, and before that as the Director of the Office of Planning and Administration. Butcher served as Chargé d'affaires at U.S. Embassy Bucharest from December 2012 to July 2014 and as the Deputy Chief of Mission from August 2011 to July 2012. He also served as Chargé d'affaires at the U.S. Embassy in Tashkent, Uzbekistan from July 2010 to June 2011.

## Personal life and education

The son of a U.S. diplomat, Butcher was born in Ankara, Turkey. He attended international schools in Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Sweden, graduating from high school at the American International School of Nairobi. He graduated from Carleton College in 1987 with a BA in history. Butcher is married and has two sons.

## Career

Butcher began his diplomatic career in 1987 and is a career member of the Senior U.S. Foreign Service.
As Chargé d'affaires in Bucharest, Butcher has worked to strengthen bilateral relations across a wide range of issues, promoting the rule of law and judicial independence, advocating for U.S. companies and an improved business climate, and deepening military cooperation. Butcher served as the chairman of the board of the American International School of Bucharest. Butcher received the National Order of the Star of Romania, the country's highest civil award, July 16, 2014. The Bucharest School of Political Science and Administration awarded Butcher an honorary doctoral degree.
Butcher served as Deputy Chief of Mission from June 2008 to July 2010 and Chargé d'affaires ad interim (CDA) from July 2010 to June 2011 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Prior to his service in Tashkent, DCM Butcher was Consul General in Hamburg, Germany from 2004 to 2007. Butcher served overseas as Management Counselor in Belgrade, Yugoslavia from 2001 to 2004; Administrative Officer in Bucharest, Romania from 2000 to 2001 and in Baku, Azerbaijan from 1994 to 1996; and as General Services Officer in Muscat, Oman from 1988 to 1990. In Washington, D.C., he served as Post Management Officer and Senior Post Management Officer for the newly independent states in the Executive Office of the Bureau of European Affairs (1996-1998). He has received U.S. State Department Superior Honor and Meritorious Honor awards.