OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Windidda

26°23′17″S 122°12′40″E﻿ / ﻿26.388°S 122.211°E﻿ / -26.388; 122.211﻿ (Windidda)
Windidda Station, often referred to as Windidda, is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station. It is located about 199 kilometres (124 mi) east of Wiluna and 226 kilometres (140 mi) north east of Leinster in the Mid West region of Western Australia.
The property occupies an area of 3,550 square kilometres (1,371 sq mi). Windidda shares a boundary with Carnegie and Prenti Downs Stations.

## History

The property was established in about 1900 by the pioneer, James Bett Willis, who had sunk the first well to produce drinkable water in the area. Willis had a partnership with Tommy Mellor in stocking and improving the other otherwise virgin country. In 1948 the property was still owned by Willis, who also owned Clover Downs Station.
J. Bell owned the property in 1950 and sold it to Spencer Doman. At this stage the property occupied an area of 1,000,000 acres (4,047 km$^2$). Doman also owned Wongawol, Carnegie, Yelma and Bonython stations, which had a combined area of 3,750,000 acres (15,176 km$^2$).
In the 1970s the Linke family, run by the three Linke brothers, acquired Windidda, Carnegie and Prenti Downs Stations, which they ran as a single entity. In 1992 the leaseholding was broken up into three smaller leases and Windidda was acquired by the Ngangganawili Community Incorporated.
The RSPCA were called to investigate the property in 2002.

### 2005 cattle inspection

In 2005 approximately 500 cattle were found dead on the property, which appeared to have been abandoned. RSPCA inspectors were called to the property to provide assistance to the remaining 2,500 cattle. Only two of the station's 13 watering points were found be in working order and the livestock were so neglected that a further 30 head of stock had to be put down. The Aboriginal corporation that held the lease to the property, Ngangganawili Community Incorporated, were thought to have left the property for law business but had left no provision for the livestock. The RSPCA described it as the worst case of neglect seen in Western Australia.
Later the same year the property was effectively destocked with 1,818 cattle being mustered and sold. The remaining 300 were likely to sold to with proceeds going back to the Wandidda Aboriginal Community, who had replaced Ngangganawili Community Incorporated after it was dissolved. The Wandidda Aboriginal Corporation forfeited the pastoral lease and the property was passed under management of the Pastoral Lands Board.
The community were later fined A$10,000 after pleading guilty to failing to provide adequate water for over 1,500 head of cattle at Windidda.
# Corynebacterium urealyticum

Corynebacterium urealyticum is a bacterial species of the genus Corynebacterium. It is not commonly found in healthy people. It is, however, an important isolate when found in conjunction with a urinary tract infection. In contrast to acid-producing bacteria like Escherichia coli, C. urealyticum, as the name implies, secretes the enzyme urease which can be strong enough to make urine alkaline. This can lead to the formation of struvite calculi or renal stones. Risk factors associated with this bacterium include immunosuppression, underlying genitourinary disorders, and antibiotic therapy. There are other urease-producing corynebacteria that are associated with urinary tract infections, but C. urealyticum is the most common.
# Żarnowiec Elektrownia Jądrowa railway station

Żarnowiec Elektrownia Jądrowa is a dismantled former PKP railway station intended to serve the never-completed Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant. It lies at one end of a dismantled branch line from Rybno Kaszubskie. It is situated in Kartoszyno near Żarnowiec (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

## Lines crossing the station

| Start station | End station | Line type |
| Rybno Kaszubskie | Żarnowiec Elektrownia Jądrowa | Closed |
# 6-carboxytetrahydropterin synthase

6-carboxytetrahydropterin synthase (EC 4.1.2.50, CPH4 synthase, queD (gene), ToyB , ykvK (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate acetaldehyde-lyase (6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin and triphosphate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following reversible chemical reaction.
    7,8-dihydroneopterin 3′-triphosphate + H$_2$O ⇌ 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + acetaldehyde + triphosphate
This enzyme binds Zn$^{2+}$. It is isolated from the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The stimulation is part of the biosynthesis pathway of queuosine. The enzyme from Escherichia coli can also convert 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin and sepiapterin to 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin.
# Classifications of scholarship

This page lists the classifications of scholarship; the classifications, thesauri or maps developed to categorise scholarly research. Classifications have been created by many organisations to classify scholarly research. The kinds of activity covered by these classifications include the research itself, the outputs of the research (such as articles in learned journals) and funding for the research.
The classifications operate at different levels of detail. Some cover the whole of scholarly endeavour; some cover broad fields, such as medicine; some cover entire disciplines, such as physics; some cover a specific sub-discipline, such as high-energy physics. In total there are probably hundreds or thousands of different classifications. The classifications have found new applications in the digital era as the basis for many commercial text mining algorithms.
The classifications are the subject of ongoing inquiry and development among academics and agencies studying the system of science. These agencies include the OECD and the U.S. National Research Council. A conference on science mapping standards was held in 2013 at Indiana University.

## Sources for information on classifications
### Classifications covering the whole of scholarly endeavour

* Units of Assessment for the UK Research Excellence Framework
* Rodman Grants Keyword Thesaurus
* Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification
* Frascati Manual

### Classifications covering broad fields

* UCSD Science Map
* Medical Subject Headings (MESH) Medical thesaurus

### Classifications covering entire disciplines

* Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme

### Classifications covering specific sub-disciplines

* High-Energy Physics Taxonomy
# Chromatophore (disambiguation)

Chromatophore may refer to:

## Biology

* Chromatophore, a kind of pigmented cell or organ found in some animals.
* Chromatophore (bacteria), a vesicle associated with the cell membrane used to photosynthesize.
* Chloroplast, called a chromatophore in the amoeboid Paulinella due to its independent origin from all other chloroplasts

## Other uses

* "Chromatophore", a song by BT from _ (album)
# Civitas sine suffragio

Civitas sine suffragio (Latin, "citizenship without the vote") was a level of citizenship in the Roman Republic which granted all the rights of Roman citizenship except the right to vote in popular assemblies. This status was first extended to some of the city-states which had been incorporated into the Republic following the break-up of the Latin League in 338 BCE. It became the standard Romanization policy for incorporating conquered regions in building the Roman Empire.
# Civitas Social Housing

Civitas Social Housing (LSE: CSH) is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in existing portfolios of built social homes in England and Wales. Established in 2016, the company is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The Chairman is Michael Wrobel.
It is the largest social housing real estate investment trust, working with 15 housing associations. The Regulator of Social Housing has challenged the business model of some of its providers where rent income from housing benefit payments is less than lease expenditure.
In October 2021, the company promised proper disclosure about property transactions after criticism that it had failed to adequately disclose the fact that its fund managers were significant shareholders in companies from which the company had bought four property portfolios.
In July 2023, CK Asset Holdings confirmed that its wholly owned indirect subsidiary, Wellness Unity, would be acquiring the company at a price which valued it at approximately £485 million.
# Claudio Moreschini

Claudio Moreschini (born c.1938?) is an Italian expert in Classical Philology, Platonism and Patristics, often approaching early Christian authors from a literary perspective. After initial studies at the University of Pisa and at the Scuola Normale Superiore in the same city, Moreschini studied at Oxford, notably with E.R.Dodds and Eduard Fraenkel to whom he acknowledges a special debt.
From 1966 onwards he occupied a succession of posts in the University of Pisa, particularly as Professore ordinario di Letteratura Latina, Professore ordinario di Letturatura Cristiana Antica and as Head of Department. He has worked with the Istituto di Scienze Religiose at Trent and latterly at the Istituto Patristico Augustinianum in Rome.
Publications include an Italian translation of Thucydides, 2 dialogues of Plato for the Budé series, 2 Ciceronian dialogues, Apuleius, Consolatio Philosophiae in the Leipzig Teubner series, Tertullian Cyprian, Jerome in Corpus Christianorum of Turnhout. Moreschini is a major contributor to Sources Chrétiennes. He has also published items concerning Jamblichus and Maximus the Confessor.
Claudio Moreschini is interested in the reception of antiquity, not least Plato, at the Renaissance and in nineteenth century Italy (Leopardi).
In 2009 he was recipient of the Marcello Gigante Prize.

## Publications

* A Christian in Toga. Boethius: Interpreter of Antiquity and Christian Theology, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (BERG Bd. 003),2014.
* (with Enrico Norelli) Early Christian Greek and Latin literature,Hendrickson Publishers Inc. 2005 (Italian original: Morcelliana 1995)
* Storia della filosofia patristica, Morcelliana, Brescia, 2004.

### Contributions to Sources Chrétiennes

* SC 291 Cyprien, A Donat et la vertu de patience,1982
* SC 318 Grégoire de Nazianze, Discours 32-37,1985
* SC 358 Grégoire de Nazianze, Discours 38-41,1990
* SC 319 Tertullien, Exhortation à la charité,1985
* SC 456 Tertullien, Contre Marcion, tome IV,2000
* SC 483 Tertullien, Contre Marcion, tome V, 2004

## Sources

* Università di Pisa/Ateneo 2 March 2010
* Sources Chrétiennes, Editions Le Cerf
* Teubner
* Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
* Morcelliana
# Christelyn Karazin

Christelyn Karazin (born 17 July 1973) is an American writer, columnist, and blogger on the subject of interracial dating, particularly black women dating outside their race, and specifically black women dating white men. She hosts the blog "Beyond Black & White" and has written for Woman's Day, Ebony, Jet, and Reuters.

## Biography

Karazin graduated from Loyola Marymount University in 1999, where she earned a bachelor’s degree in communication and media studies, and where she wrote for The Los Angeles Loyolan.
Her academic background laid the foundation for her subsequent career as a blogger and advocate for social issues related to relationships. Notably, in 2010, Christelyn launched the initiative "No Wedding, No Womb," aimed at addressing the high rates of out-of-wedlock births and promoting responsible fatherhood and motherhood in the African American community, after her eldest daughter asked why Karazin had not married her father.
Realizing that this was a question that many children may ask single parents, Karazin then launched "No Wedding, No Womb", which promotes the idea that couples should "abstain from having children until they are emotionally, physically and financially able to care for them."
Karazin also founded the "Pink Pill" a private community and self-improvement course for Black Women, and is part of the "Beyond Black and White" Website. It provides women with "Strategies for Living Well to the Extreme" this course has received many supporters and praises.
In 2013, Karazin launched the blogger network SheThrives and in the following year she served as the host for the dating reality web series Swirlr. Her work through her blog and other digital media has positioned her as a central figure in discussions around these topics.

## Publications

* Swirling: How to Date, Mate, and Relate Mixing Race, Culture, and Creed (2012, with Janice Rhoshalle Littlejohn)
# Claudio Rangoni (bishop of Piacenza)

Claudio Rangoni (died 13 September 1619) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Piacenza (1596–1619).

## Biography

On 16 December 1592, Claudio Rangoni was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Piacenza. On 3 December 1596, he was consecrated bishop by Girolamo Bernerio, Bishop of Ascoli Piceno and installed on 23 March 1597. He served as Bishop of Piacenza until his death on 13 September 1619.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:
* Papirio Picedi, Bishop of Borgo San Donnino (1603);
* Giovanni Desideri, Bishop of Rieti (1603);
* Galeazzo Sanvitale, Archbishop of Bari-Canosa (1604);
* Berlinghiero Gessi, Bishop of Rimini (1606); and
* Giovanni Linati, Bishop of Borgo San Donnino (1606).
# Christine Loudes

Dr. Christine Marie-Helene Loudes (1972 - 2016) was a human rights lawyer who worked to achieve social change for justice and equality. She was a noted human rights activist who dedicated much of her academic and professional life to campaigning for gender equality and advocating for women's rights. She was honoured for her work to end female genital mutilation (FGM) and headed Amnesty International's End FGM campaign that led to the establishment of the End FGM European Network. During her career, Dr Loudes worked with ILGA-Europe (International Lesbian, Gay, Trans and Intersex Association), the European Institute for Gender Equality and the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission.

## Education

She obtained her PhD in women's rights and politics from Queen's University, Belfast (2003), after receiving an LLM degree in human rights law from the University of Nottingham and a master's degree in political science and law from the Université Robert Schuman.

## Career

Loudes began her career teaching European Law and French Civil Law at Queen's University, Belfast and later joined the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission as Investigation Officer.
Between 2004 and 2008 she was Policy Director of the European Region of International Lesbian, Gay, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA-Europe) campaigning for the rights of LGBTI people in the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, and the United Nations.
In January 2009, she joined Amnesty International's European Institutions Office in Brussels as End FGM European Campaign director. She campaigned to end female genital mutilation in partnership with 15 national organisations and acted as an adviser in a mapping study on FGM for the European Institute for Gender Equality. She was awarded Amnesty International's Gender Defender Award in December 2014.
She joined the European Institute for Gender Equality in 2015 as Senior Officer on Gender Based Violence, a post she held until her death on 28 December 2016.
# Clarence Yongo

Clarence Yongo is a Cameroonian journalist and television host. A feminist, she founded a 100% female television channel. She successfully led a presidential candidacy in Central Africa.

## Biography
### Early life

Clarence Yongo discovered journalism within the journalism club at Tsinga High School in the political capital, Yaoundé. She holds a master's degree in Information and Communication Sciences from the Higher School of Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies ESSTIC.
She worked at Canal 2 International and Sweet FM until 2018, after sixteen years of loyal service.

### Career

After being recruited by Sweet FM in 2002, Clarence Yongo later launched the specialized journal Mama. She also founded companies specializing in e-reputation and communication.
In 2013, she became a consultant on structuring projects in Cameroon. In political communication, Clarence Yongo worked for key figures in the ruling party, the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement.
In 2017, she worked on the image of the candidate in the Cameroonian presidential election 2018, Serge Espoir Matomba.
In 2020, she had a new professional experience when she was appointed campaign director for Mrs. Yeli Monique Kam, a candidate in the presidential election in Burkina Faso.

## Awards

2021: Winner of the SESHAT Prize for Female Courage in Cameroonian Journalism

## Controversy

2021: She stated, "the place of a rapist is in prison and not on a television set," referring to the presenter Yves de Mbella.
# Kennedy Rose

Kennedy Rose was an American country music duo composed of singer-songwriters Mary Ann Kennedy and Pam Rose. Both members of the duo previously recorded in the all-women band Calamity Jane on Columbia Records in the 1980s. After splitting from the band, Kennedy and Rose founded the duo and signed to I.R.S. Records. As Kennedy Rose, they released two albums for the label: hai ku in 1989 and Walk the Line in 1994. Following the release of hai ku, the duo toured with Sting. Kennedy and Rose have also written hit singles for Restless Heart ("I'll Still Be Loving You"), Lee Greenwood ("Ring on her Finger, Time on Her Hands", later covered by Reba McEntire), Patty Loveless ("You Will") and Martina McBride ("Safe in the Arms of Love", also recorded by Baillie and the Boys and Michelle Wright).

## Discography
### Albums

| Title | Details |
| hai ku | Release date: 1990 Label: I.R.S. Records |
| Walk the Line | Release date: February 8, 1994 Label: I.R.S. Records |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Album |
| 1990 | "Love Like This" | hai ku |
| 1990 | "The Only Chain" | hai ku |
# Chundrigar

The Chundrigar are a Muslim community found in the state of Gujarat, India. A few are also found in the city of Karachi, Pakistan.
# Chundu station

Ch'undu station is a railway station in Kyŏnghŭng county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea. It is the terminus of the Ch'undu Line of the Korean State Railway.
# Kerry McCoy

Kerry McCoy may refer to:
* Kerry McCoy (wrestler) (born 1974), American amateur wrestler
* Kerry McCoy (musician) (born 1988), American musician and songwriter
# Claudiosaurus

Claudiosaurus (claudus is Latin for 'lameness' and saurus means 'lizard') is an extinct genus of diapsid reptiles from the Late Permian Sakamena Formation of the Morondava Basin, Madagascar. It has been suggested to be semi-aquatic.

## History and discovery

Claudiosaurus is known from the Sakamena Formation of Madagascar. Claudiosaurus is found from the Late Permian. Although a paper mentions that they have been also found in Early Triassic deposits of Madagascar, citation does not mention that Claudiosaurus is from Triassic.

## Description

Individuals of Claudiosaurus reached a body length of approximately 60 centimetres (2.0 ft). The body form of Claudiosaurus is generally similar to those of other basal diapsids, although the neck of Claudiosaurus is somewhat elongated, with 8 cervical vertebrae, and had a proportionally small head. The body has 16 trunk vertebrae with gastralia present on the underside, and the tail has at least 45 caudal vertebrae. The jaws had numerous small teeth, with the roof of the mouth (palate) being covered in numerous denticles. The sternum is unossified. The pectoral girdle is similar to those of other primitive diapsids. The phalanges of the hands show a reduction of length away from the base, with the exception of the distalmost phalange of the third digit, which is longer than the preceding phalange. The terminal phalanges are flattened. The bones of Claudiosaurus show pachyostosis, suggested to possibly be an adaptation for aquatic life.

## Ecology

Claudiosaurus is generally assumed to have been an amphibious animal, using its limbs for propulsion, though it was still likely capable of walking on land, and the skeleton shows only limited adaptations to aquatic life. It has been suggested to have fed on small invertebrates, such as crustaceans.

## Classification

Upon its original description, Robert L. Carroll suggested that Claudiosaurus belonged to Sauropterygia (which includes plesiosaurs). Other later studies have generally recovered it as a basal neodiapsid, sometimes as a member of the Younginiformes. Claudiosaurus was recovered as a relative of turtles by Li et al. (2018), forming a clade with the basal neodiapsid Acerosodontosaurus. Although another study in 2020 specifically disputed these conclusions.

## Paleoenvironment

The Lower Sakamena Formation was deposited in a wetland environment situated within a North-South orientated rift valley, perhaps similar to Lake Tanganyika. The climate at the time of deposition was temperate, warm, and humid, with seasonal rainfall and possible monsoons. Flora from the formation includes the equisetalean Schizoneura, the glossopterid gymnosperm Glossopteris, and seed fern Lepidopteris. Other vertebrates known from the Lower Sakamena Formation include the palaeoniscoid fish Atherstonia, the procolophonid parareptile Barasaurus, the gliding weigeltisaurid reptile Coelurosauravus, the neodiapsids Hovasaurus, Thadeosaurus, and Acerosodontosaurus, fragments of rhinesuchid temnospondyls, an indeterminate theriodont therapsid and the dicynodont Oudenodon.
# Claudisabel

Cláudia Isabel Leiria Madeira (4 October 1976 – 19 December 2022), known professionally as Claudisabel, was a Portuguese singer.
In 2010, she competed in the Festival da Canção where she reached the semifinals with the song Contra Tudo e Todos.
Claudisabel was killed in a car accident on 19 December 2022, at the age of 46.

## Discography

* Dizias tu, pensava eu (1995)
* Pensei com o coração (1998)
* Preciso de um herói (1999)
* Meu Sonho Azul (2002)
* Preto no branco (2006)
* Quem és tu (2009)
* Contra tudo e todos (2010)
* Condenada (2020)
# Christine Norman

Anna Christine Norman (1886/87-1930) was an American stage actress and playwright.

## Early years

Norman was the daughter of Andrew G. Norman and his wife Minnie. She studied acting in New York, winning a medal for her work, and then studied music in Paris.

## Career

Norman costarred with Constance Collier in Israel on Broadway in 1909. She appeared with Laurette Taylor in the huge Broadway hit Peg o' My Heart in 1912. In 1915 she scored another success costarring with Emily Stevens and Louis Bennison in The Unchastened Woman. Her other Broadway plays included Great Music (1924), The Nest (1922), The Crowded Hour (1918), Branded (1917), Upstairs and Down (1916), Our Children (1915), The Aviator (1910), Israel (1909), and An International Marriage (1909).
In the 1920s she wrote several plays to no distinction such as The Balcony Walkers in 1925 of which she had trouble finding a producer.

## Personal life

Norman married Enos Booth in 1919. In 1928, she tried unsuccessfully to divorce him.
She was considered a great Broadway beauty and had her portrait painted by Neysa McMein.

## Death and legacy

On March 6, 1930, Norman committed suicide by jumping from the 20th floor of her hotel. After her death, a publicized battle over her will between her mother, her husband and various lawyers was mounted in which eventually a substantial amount of money $150,000 was left to her dog. (A contemporary Associated Press news story said, "The will divided an estate of $170,000 among 11 friends, ignoring the mother, Mrs. Minnie Mary Jamison, and the husband, Enos Booth ..." The amount left for perpetual care of her dog's grave was reported as $500 in other articles.) Bequests included $40,000 to John Hayden and $50,000 to Clare Cassell, described respectively in a newspaper article as "an ardent admirer" and "a close friend and international tennis star of the day".
# Church tower

Church tower may refer to:
* The bell tower of a church-building
* Steeple (architecture)