OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Infinite alleles model

The infinite alleles model is a mathematical model for calculating genetic mutations. The Japanese geneticist Motoo Kimura and American geneticist James F. Crow (1964) introduced the infinite alleles model, an attempt to determine for a finite diploid population what proportion of loci would be homozygous. This was, in part, motivated by assertions by other geneticists that more than 50 percent of Drosophila loci were heterozygous, a claim they initially doubted. In order to answer this question they assumed first, that there were a large enough number of alleles so that any mutation would lead to a different allele (that is the probability of back mutation to the original allele would be low enough to be negligible); and second, that the mutations would result in a number of different outcomes from neutral to deleterious.
They determined that in the neutral case, the probability that an individual would be homozygous, F, was:
    $F={1 \over 4N_{e}u+1}$
where u is the mutation rate, and N$_e$ is the effective population size. The effective number of alleles n maintained in a population is defined as the inverse of the homozygosity, that is
    $n={1 \over F}=4N_{e}u+1$
which is a lower bound for the actual number of alleles in the population.
If the effective population is large, then a large number of alleles can be maintained. However, this result only holds for the neutral case, and is not necessarily true for the case when some alleles are subject to selection, i.e. more or less fit than others, for example when the fittest genotype is a heterozygote (a situation often referred to as overdominance or heterosis).
In the case of overdominance, because Mendel's second law (the law of segregation) necessarily results in the production of homozygotes (which are by definition in this case, less fit), this means that population will always harbor a number of less fit individuals, which leads to a decrease in the average fitness of the population. This is sometimes referred to as genetic load, in this case it is a special kind of load known as segregational load. Crow and Kimura showed that at equilibrium conditions, for a given strength of selection (s), that there would be an upper limit to the number of fitter alleles (polymorphisms) that a population could harbor for a particular locus. Beyond this number of alleles, the selective advantage of presence of those alleles in heterozygous genotypes would be cancelled out by continual generation of less fit homozygous genotypes.
These results became important in the formation of the neutral theory, because neutral (or nearly neutral) alleles create no such segregational load, and allow for the accumulation of a great deal of polymorphism. When Richard Lewontin and J. Hubby published their groundbreaking results in 1966 which showed high levels of genetic variation in Drosophila via protein electrophoresis, the theoretical results from the infinite alleles model were used by Kimura and others to support the idea that this variation would have to be neutral (or result in excess segregational load).
# CIAU

The letters CIAU may mean any of the following:
* CIAU-FM 103.1, a radio station in Radisson, Quebec
* Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union, now known as U Sports
* CIA University, a training facility of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
# Callulops

Callulops is a genus of microhylid frogs from Sulawesi as well as the New Guinea region, from Talaud Islands and the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) in the northwest to the Louisiade Archipelago in the east. They are medium- to large-sized terrestrial frogs inhabiting burrows on the forest floor, often under large rocks. Because their population densities can be low, and they are difficult to observe and collect owing to their lifestyle, many species are known only from few specimens.

## Species

| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
| Callulops argus Kraus, 2019 | |
| Callulops biakensis Günther, Stelbrink, and von Rintelen, 2012 | |
| Callulops bicolor Kraus, 2019 | |
| Callulops boettgeri (Méhely, 1901) | Boettger's callulops frog |
| Callulops comptus (Zweifel, 1972) | |
| Callulops doriae Boulenger, 1888 | Doria's callulops frog |
| Callulops dubius (Boettger, 1895) | Moluccan callulops frog |
| Callulops eremnosphax Kraus and Allison, 2009 | |
| Callulops fojaensis Oliver, Richards, and Tjaturadi 2012 | |
| Callulops fuscus (Peters, 1867) | Brown callulops frog |
| Callulops glandulosus (Zweifel, 1972) | Warty callulops frog |
| Callulops humicola (Zweifel, 1972) | Kotuni callulops frog |
| Callulops kampeni (Boulenger, 1914) | |
| Callulops kopsteini (Mertens, 1930) | Kopstein's callulops frog |
| Callulops marmoratus Kraus & Allison, 2003 | |
| Callulops mediodiscus (Oliver, Richards & Tjaturadi, 2012) | |
| Callulops microtis (Werner, 1901) | |
| Callulops neuhaussi (Vogt, 1911) | |
| Callulops omnistriatus Kraus and Allison, 2009 | |
| Callulops personatus (Zweifel, 1972) | Maprik callulops frog |
| Callulops robustus (Boulenger, 1898) | Boulenger's callulops frog |
| Callulops sagittatus Richards, Burton, Cunningham & Dennis, 1995 | |
| Callulops stellatus Kraus, 2019 | |
| Callulops stictogaster (Zweifel, 1972) | Irumbofoie callulops frog |
| Callulops taxispilotus Kraus, 2019 | |
| Callulops valvifer (Barbour, 1910) | |
| Callulops wilhelmanus (Loveridge, 1948) | Wilhelm callulops frog |
| Callulops wondiwoiensis Günther, Stelbrink, and von Rintelen, 2012 | |
| Callulops yapenensis Günther, Stelbrink, and von Rintelen, 2012 | Wilhelm callulops frog |
# Duhig

Duhig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christina Duhig, American poet
* Ian Duhig (born 1954), British poet
* James Duhig (1873–1965), Irish-born Australian Roman Catholic bishop
* James Vincent Duhig (1889–1963), Australian pathologist
* Michael Duhig (1953–2010), Canadian actor and radio host
# 2APH

2APH is a radio station based in Albury-Wodonga. It is part of the Vision Australia Radio network, a reading and information service for those persons unable to read or easily access information in print. The station is operated by volunteers.
When not broadcasting local programs, the station is a relay of 3RPH in Melbourne.
# Ian Gardiner

Ian Gardiner may refer to:
* Ian Gardiner (footballer) (1928–1990), Scottish footballer
* Ian Gardiner (artist) (1943–2008), Australian artist
* Ian Gardiner (musician) (born 1952), bass player
* Ian Gardiner (rower), American rower who won a silver medal at the 1967 European Rowing Championships
# Heighley Castle

Heighley Castle (or Heleigh Castle) is a ruined medieval castle near Madeley, Staffordshire. The castle was completed by the Audley family in 1233 and for over 300 years was one of their ancestral homes. It was held for Charles I during the English Civil War and was destroyed by Parliamentary forces in the 1640s. The ruinous remains comprise masonry fragments, mostly overgrown by vegetation. The site is protected by Grade II listed building status and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The castle is privately owned and is not open to visitors.
The castle is on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register and described as being in 'very bad' condition.

## History

Heleigh Castle was built by Henry de Aldithley (c.1175-1246) (later "de Audley"), Sheriff of Shropshire 1227-1232. He also built the nearby Red Castle, Shropshire. He endowed the nearby Cistercian Abbey of St. Mary at Hulton in 1223, and donated to it a large amount of land, some of which was an inheritance from his mother and some of which was purchased.
# Anne Hampson

Anne Hampson (28 November 1928 – 25 September 2014) was a British writer of over 125 romance novels in Mills & Boon from 1969 to 1998. She published historical romance novels under the pseudonym Jane Wilby. Although she retired in 1998, in 2005 she published two romance and a crime novel. She has been written an autobiography entitled Fate Was My Friend.

## Early life

Hampson dreamed of teaching and writing when she was six, but due to the depression after World War II, she had to leave her studies at fourteen and begin making blouses for Marks & Spencer's. She left work when she married. She sold her sewing machine for £15 to the neighbour who later encouraged her to publish her first novel.
Later, when her marriage broke up, she had to return to work and lived in a mobile home in the village of Cuddington in Mid Cheshire. But, when Manchester University decided to trial older women she applied and graduated. She wrote articles about her travels in Greece and they were published in various education magazines. She also had an interest in fossils and sometimes went to the North Yorkshire coast to collect. Her first manuscript was a romance about Delphi where she had visited. This manuscript sat on a shelf in her mobile home until she showed it to Brice Burgum, a neighbour who said she should seek out an agent to get it published.

## Career

In 1973, she became a launch author for the new Harlequin Presents line of category romance novels. Harlequin Presents books were more sensual than the previous line, Harlequin Romance, under which she had been published. She was chosen to be a launch author because she, along with Violet Winspear and Anne Mather, were the most popular and prolific of Mills&Boon/Harlequin's authors.
# John Cok

John Cok (fl. 1420) of Chichester, Sussex, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Chichester in 1420.
# Caesar & Imperial Cup

The Caesar & Imperial Cup was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hardcourts. The event was classified as a $50,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and was held in Taipei, Taiwan, 2012 and 2013.

## Finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2013 | Paula Kania | Zarina Diyas | 6–1, 6–3 |
| 2012 | Zheng Saisai | Zarina Diyas | 6–4, 6–1 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2013 | Lesley Kerkhove Arantxa Rus | Chen Yi Luksika Kumkhum | 6–4, 2–6, [14–12] |
| 2012 | Chan Chin-wei Caroline Garcia | Kao Shao-yuan Lee Hua-chen | 4–6, 6–4, [10–6] |
# Dudow

Dudow may refer to:
* Slatan Dudow, Bulgarian film director
* Dudow, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran
# Ian Galliguez

Ian Galliguez (born December 11, 1975) is a Filipino actress known for her comedic role in the television show Labs Ko Si Babe. She has appeared on numerous shows on ABS-CBN. Galliguez is of a mixed descent with Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese and Filipino ancestry. She is the mother of one girl and twin boys.

## Background

Before acting on television and movies, Galliguez was a Theatre actress and an English teacher. She has a degree in Mass Communications from St. Scholastica's College in Manila.

## Career

She was seen on Princess and I, playing Noemi - a Drukpah from the Kingdom of Yang Don.
Galliguez was on Guns and Roses, as Axl, the police 'partner' and best friend of Onat Marasigan, who is played by Ejay Falcon. She was seen on Magkaribal, playing Cora, the market stall owner who was transformed into a runway supermodel. Ian's past appearances on primetime TV also include Rosalka, Pangako Sa 'Yo, Detour, Maalaala Mo Kaya and Only You.
On the silver screen, Ian has appeared in a movie with Aga Muhlach and Joyce Jimenez in the comedy Narinig Mo na ba ang Latest?, directed by Joey Reyes. She has also featured on two award-winning independent films - Blood Bank and Paano Ko Sasabihin?.
In 2018, she came back on showbiz and did Playhouse and Parasite Island as her comeback Kapamilya projects.

## Other works

In March 2010, Ian started an online travel magazine focused on the local market - DiscoverPH.com. She is now the writer and owner of PinayGadabout.com.
Ian also contributes to local glossy magazines for travel and lifestyle features. She is also an agent and publicist.

## Filmography
### Movies

* Catch Me... I'm in Love (2011) - Girlie (as Ian Russell Victor)
* Bulong (2011) - E.R. Doctor (as Ian 'Duday' Galiguez)
* Paano Ko Sasabihin? (2009) - Pixie (as Ian Viktor)
* Blood Bank (2005 short film) - (as Ian Victor)
* Narinig mo na ba ang l8est? (2001) - Noemi (as Ian' Duday' Galliguez)

### Television

* Parasite Island (2019) - Whitney
* Playhouse (2018) - Mitchie de Vera
* Hawak Kamay (2014)
* Be Careful With My Heart (2013) - Applicant
* Princess and I (2012) - Noemi
* Maalaala Mo Kaya (2012) - Marie (Kalendaryo episode)
* Guns N' Roses (2011) - Axl Navarro
* Magkaribal (2010) - Cora
* Rosalka (2010) - Juvy
* Only You (2009) - China
* Super Inggo 1.5 Ang Bagong Bangis (2007) - Sheryl
* Pangarap na Bituin (2005) - Manang
* G-mik (2001) - School Principal
* Pangako sa 'Yo (2001) - Chinee
* Tabing Ilog (2000) - Sabrina
* Labs Ko Si Babe (2000) - Duday
* Mara Clara (1993-1997) - Bekya
# 14th Golden Rooster Awards

The 14th Golden Rooster Awards, honoring the best in film, were given on 1994 at the Changsha, Hunan province.

## Winners and nominees
### Best Film

Country Teachers/凤凰琴
* 第一诱惑
* 东归英雄传

### Best Director

He Ping - Red Firecracker, Green Firecracker
* Sai Fu/Mai Lisi - 东归英雄传

### Best Directorial Debut

Yang Tao - Burning Snow

### Best Writing

Jie Sheng/Liu Xinglong/Bu Yangui - Country Teachers
* Wang Tianyun/Lu Shoujun - 第一诱惑

### Best Actor

Li Baotian - Country Teachers
* Wu Gang (actor) - Red Firecracker, Green Firecracker

### Best Actress

Pan Hong - Shanghai Fever
* Ning Jing - Red Firecracker, Green Firecracker
* Bo Han - Romance in Metropolitan Shanghai

### Best Supporting Actor

Fang Zige - No More Applause
* Zhao Xiaorui - Red Firecracker, Green Firecracker
* Yu Shaokang - Hurricane over the Sea

### Best Supporting Actress

not awarded this year
* Ding Jiali - No More Applause

### Best Art Direction

Qian Yunxuan - Red Firecracker, Green Firecracker Lv Zhichang/Yang Baocheng - Chongqing Negotiations
* Zhao Mei - Country Teachers

### Best Cinematography

Ge Ritu - 东归英雄传
* Yang Lun - Red Firecracker, Green Firecracker
* Cai Shunan/Ning Chao/Dong Yachun - Dog King

### Best Editing

Sun Huiming - Narrow Escape Nie Weiguo - 大漠歼匪

### Best Music

Daoerji Cao - 东归英雄传
* Ma Ding - Burning Snow

### Best Sound Recording

Li Bojiang - Yunnan Story

### Best Animation

鹿女
* 魔方大厦第八部——头盔城

### Best Documentary

水中影
* 中国出了个毛泽东
# John Cokayne

John Cokayne may refer to:
* John Cokayne (died 1429) (c. 1360–1429), English judge and administrator
* John Cokayne (died 1438), English soldier, politician and landowner
# Calvin, Kentucky

Calvin is an unincorporated community in Bell County, Kentucky, United States. The community is located along U.S. Route 119 and the Cumberland River 4.9 miles (7.9 km) southeast of Pineville. The area on the south side of the river is also known as Page, which was the name of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad station in the community. Calvin has a post office with ZIP code 40813, which opened on April 3, 1908.
# Dudresnaya

Dudresnaya is a genus of red algae.
The genus name of Dudresnaya is in honour of Guy-Ambroise Dudresnay (1770 - 1837), a French soldier interested in Botany and correspondent with Bonnemaison.
The genus was circumscribed by Théophile Bonnemaison in J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Vol.94 on page 180 in 1822.

## Taxonomy

Dudresnaya contains the following species:
* Dudresnaya verticillata
* Dudresnaya bermudensis
# Vladimirovka, Quba

Vladimirovka is a village and municipality in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,492.
# Äspered

Äspered is a locality situated in Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 287 inhabitants in 2010.
# William Chaloner (disambiguation)

William Chaloner may refer to:
* William Chaloner (1650s, or 1665–1699), con artist
* William Gilbert Chaloner (1928–2016), British paleobotanist
* William Chaloner (MP) for Malmesbury (UK Parliament constituency)
* Sir William Chaloner, 1st Baronet (1587–1641) of the Chaloner baronets
# Yeniakçakavak, Bolu

Yeniakçakavak is a village in the Bolu District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 460 (2021).
# Beppie

Beppie is the stage name of Stephanie Nhan, a Canadian children's musician, and educator from Edmonton, Alberta. She is most noted as a two-time Juno Award nominee for Children's Album of the Year, receiving nods at the Juno Awards of 2019 for Let's Go Bananas! and at the Juno Awards of 2023 for Nice to Meet You.
A music teacher at Edmonton's Resonate Music School & Studio, she released her debut album There's a Song Inside Me in 2017. Her style is marked by efforts to create music that is fun for children while remaining listenable and enjoyable to parents who are listening to it with them.
In addition to her Juno Award nominations, she is a two-time Western Canadian Music Award nominee for Children's Artist of the Year, receiving nods in 2020 and 2022.

## Discography

* There's a Song Inside Me - 2017
* Let's Go Bananas! - 2018
* Song Soup - 2019
* Dino-Mite! - 2021
* Nice to Meet You - 2022
# Bernardino Batista

Bernardino Batista is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
# Unified voicemail

Unified voicemail is the combination of different voicemail bearers into a single voicemail system. Using dedicated DID /DDI numbers for each mailbox, the mailbox can be used on a variety of devices and end-points. This is similar to what GSM providers use for their voicemail systems. Mobile phones and traditional analog phones need to support conditional call diversion to enjoy unified voicemail. Unified voicemail can be extended into unified messaging as already used.

## Advantages

Some telephone users have several telephone accounts, which may include home, work, mobile, and SIP numbers. Unified voicemail provides a single voicemail for several accounts.
# Wyoming Lottery

The Wyoming Lottery Corporation, branded as WyoLotto, is a lottery based in Cheyenne, Wyoming that began its operations on July 1, 2013. The Wyoming Lottery Corporation is governed by a nine-member board of directors, with each member selected by the Wyoming Governor. Jon Clontz, former Oregon State Lottery COO was selected to be the Wyoming Lottery's first CEO.

## History

On March 13, 2013, Wyoming Governor Matt Mead authorized the creation of a state lottery, and entered into agreements with other U.S. lotteries for multi-state games. The law specifically prohibits scratchcards, instant win games, and video lottery terminals, joining the North Dakota Lottery as the only U.S. jurisdictions to prohibit scratchcards. Initially, the lottery bill had a validity period until 2019. The re-authorization clause has since been removed. In February, 2019, The Wyoming Lottery Corporation was awarded the Public Gaming Research Institute (PGRI) SHARP Award for financial excellence.
Operations began on August 24, 2014, with 400 retailers authorized to sell lottery tickets.
The lottery law authorizes distribution of the first $6 million in annual revenue to cities and counties, and the remaining amount goes to schools. Given that 51 percent of national lottery revenue is derived from instant tickets, some people regard the decision to disallow scratchcards as severely restricting the potential revenue generated by the lottery. However, Matt Mead justified the law by claiming that this would reduce the amount of out-of-state spending by Wyoming residents. The Colorado Lottery estimated that $1.26 million in annual revenue was generated by Wyoming residents purchasing tickets in Colorado. Conversely, the Wyoming Lottery is expected to attract revenue from Utah, specifically the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, as much of Utah population centers are closer to Wyoming than either Colorado or Idaho. Wyoming's first two lottery games were Mega Millions and Powerball, both available on the first day of sales. Wyoming, unlike North Dakota, allows in-state games; Wyoming added Cowboy Draw in 2015. Cowboy Draw is a pick-five-from-45 game, with drawings twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays. Tickets are $5 with two lines per ticket, and jackpots start at $250,000. The Lottery joined Lucky for Life in 2016. Then the lottery joined 2by2 in March 2021.
Lottery bills had been rejected on numerous occasions in Wyoming since the 1980s. The legislation was modeled after the Georgia Lottery such that the board of directors answers to the governor, but is not a direct agency; and after the North Dakota Lottery in its solicitation of multi-state lotteries, organization, and the state's low population. As with most U.S. lotteries, the minimum age to purchase a ticket is 18. The Wyoming Lottery created the Problem Gambling Council, which includes designated employees of the Wyoming Department of Health and other organizations. Wyoming became the 44th state (plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) to create a lottery.
# W. B. Taylor

William Benjamin Taylor CBE (22 May 1875 – 29 July 1932) was a British farmer and politician.
Born in Norfolk, Taylor was educated in Watton before becoming a farmer based in Thetford. He was also active in the Congregationalist Church, serving as a lay preacher, and became a magistrate. He was a member of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales, and stood for the group as an agricultural candidate at the 1918 general election in East Norfolk, but was not elected.
Following his defeat, Taylor joined the Labour Party and was elected to Norfolk County Council. He stood for the party in South West Norfolk, missing out on election in 1922, 1923 and 1924 general election, before finally winning the seat at the 1929 general election. He lost the seat at the 1931 general election, but that year was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
# Koprivnički Bregi

Koprivnički Bregi is a municipality in the Koprivnica-Križevci County in Croatia. According to the 2011 census, there are 2,381 inhabitants in the area, with Croats forming an absolute majority.
# 2017 Lisboa Belém Open

The 2017 Lisboa Belém Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Lisbon, Portugal between 12 and 18 June 2017.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| BIH | Damir Džumhur | 96 | 1 |
| CZE | Adam Pavlásek | 97 | 2 |
| JPN | Taro Daniel | 102 | 3 |
| COL | Santiago Giraldo | 107 | 4 |
| POR | Gastão Elias | 108 | 5 |
| ESP | Roberto Carballés Baena | 134 | 6 |
| POR | Pedro Sousa | 155 | 7 |
| ESP | Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo | 168 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 29 May 2017.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Frederico Ferreira Silva
* André Gaspar Murta
* João Monteiro
* Gonçalo Oliveira
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Dragoș Dima
* Gonzalo Escobar
* Hubert Hurkacz
* Daniel Muñoz de la Nava

## Champions
### Singles

* Oscar Otte def. Taro Daniel 4–6, 6–1, 6–3.

### Doubles

* Ruan Roelofse / Christopher Rungkat def. Fred Gil / Gonçalo Oliveira 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, 6–1.