OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cryptocarya corrugata

Cryptocarya corrugata, commonly known as corduroy laurel, oak walnut, acidwood or bull's breath, is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with egg-shaped to elliptic leaves, the flowers creamy-green, slightly perfumed and tube-shaped, and the fruit a spherical black to bluish-black drupe.

## Description

Cryptocarya corrugata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 35 m (115 ft), its stems sometimes buttressed, and its twigs more or less fluted and densely covered with twisted brown hairs. Its leaves are egg-shaped to elliptic, 35–110 mm (1.4–4.3 in) long and 20–55 mm (0.79–2.17 in) wide on a petiole 6–18 mm (0.24–0.71 in) long. The flowers are arranged in panicles usually shorter than the leaves, greenish-cream and more or less perfumed, the perianth tube 0.8–1.4 mm (0.031–0.055 in) long and 1.3–1.7 mm (0.051–0.067 in) wide. The tepals are 1.4–2.4 mm (0.055–0.094 in) long and 0.8–1.4 mm (0.031–0.055 in) wide. The outer anthers are 0.6–0.8 mm (0.024–0.031 in) long and 0.5–0.7 mm (0.020–0.028 in) wide, the inner anthers 0.6–0.9 mm (0.024–0.035 in) long and 0.4–0.5 mm (0.016–0.020 in) wide and hairy. Flowering occurs from November to January, and the fruit is a black to bluish-black drupe 15–22 mm (0.59–0.87 in) long and 22–34 mm (0.87–1.34 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

Cryptocarya corrugata was first described in 1926 by Cyril Tenison White and William Douglas Francis in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland from specimens collected by Francis in the Eungella Range in 1922.

## Distribution and habitat

Corduroy laurel grows in mountain rainforests at altitudes from 350 to 1,200 m (1,150 to 3,940 ft) from Cooktown to Eungella in north-east and central-eastern Queensland.

## Ecology

The fruit is eaten by cassowaries and fruit pigeons.
# Chascotheca

Chascotheca is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae described as a genus in 1904. It is native to the western Caribbean.

## Species

* Chascotheca neopeltandra (Griseb.) Urb. - Cuba, Hispaniola, Cayman Islands
* Chascotheca triplinervia (Müll.Arg.) G.L.Webster - Cuba
# Battle of Beirut

Beirut in Lebanon has been the site of several battles in history.
* Siege of Beirut (1110), a battle during the Crusades
* Battle of Beirut (1840), a battle during the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
* Battle of Beirut (1912), a naval battle during the Italo-Turkish War
* Battle of Beirut (1941), a battle over control of the city during World War II
* Siege of Beirut (1982), a siege by Israel during the 1982 Lebanon War
# Għar ix-Xiħ

Għar ix-Xiħ (English: Cave of the Old Man or Cave of the Sheikh or The headman's abode) is a former cave in Xewkija, facing Mġarr ix-Xini, Gozo, Malta. It was inhabited since the 2nd-century B.C. and was re-discovered in 2009. The cave is situated at the mouth of the valley.
The cave was long believed a legend, going back to 1583, about a popular judge who used the cave. Another nearby cave is known as il-Ħabs (The Prison).
The cave floor contained artefacts dating from Bronze Age to late Roman times. At some point the roof was removed.
# Crystalline coatings

Crystalline coatings (or crystalline mirrors) are a type of thin-film optical interference coating that is made by merging monocrystalline multilayers deposited via processes such as molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) with microfabrication techniques including direct bonding and selective etching. In this technique heterostructures such as gallium arsenide / aluminum gallium arsenide (GaAs/AlGaAs) distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are grown and then transferred to polished optical surfaces, resulting in high-performance single-crystal optical coatings on arbitrary, including curved, substrates. As of 2024 the maximum diameter achievable is 20 cm, limited by commercially-available GaAs wafers. The tightest curvature demonstrated for such coatings is 5 cm.
The substrate-transferred crystalline coating process was developed in 2013 by Garrett Cole and colleagues at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the University of Vienna. With additional refinement, the technique became capable of generating high-reflectivity mirrors with optical losses on par with the best ion-beam-sputtered coatings, with optical absorption in the 1000–2000 nm spectral range demonstrated to be < 1 part-per-million (ppm) and optical scatter < 3 ppm in the best optics. Additional advantages of these coatings include:
* Significantly reduced elastic losses (at least a factor of 10 over typical amorphous interference coatings) resulting in minimal thermal noise, enabling ultrastable interferometers for optical atomic clocks and gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO.
* The realization of ppm-levels of optical losses (absorption + scatter) in the mid-infrared spectral region demonstrating enhancement cavities for cavity ring-down spectrometers with a finesse > 400 000 at wavelengths to ~4500 nm.
* High thermal conductivity, over 20 times higher than typical metal-oxide based coatings, making crystalline coatings promising for high-power continuous wave (CW) and quasi-CW lasers, with a CW damage threshold of 75 MW/cm$^2$ demonstrated in a deformable mirror device at 1064 nm.
Owing to the low Brownian noise of crystalline coatings there have been a number of advancements in quantum-limited interferometry, with these mirrors being instrumental in efforts relevant to macroscopic quantum phenomena and enabling the demonstration of ponderomotive squeezing at room temperature, the broadband reduction of quantum radiation pressure noise via squeezed light injection, and the room temperature measurement of quantum back action in the audio band.
Garrett Cole and Markus Aspelmeyer founded Crystalline Mirror Solutions in 2013 to commercialize the technology. They were awarded second prize from the Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis in 2016. The company was acquired by Thorlabs in December 2019 and rebranded as Thorlabs Crystalline Solutions.
# Antiblemma anguinea

Antiblemma anguinea is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Dreams in Colour

Dreams in Colour is the third solo album released by Portuguese pop rock singer David Fonseca. It was released in Portugal on 8 October 2007, to critical and commercial acclaim. Previously, the single "Superstars" had been released.The second single was "Rocket Man (I Think It's Going to Be a Long, Long Time)", a cover of the Elton John song. The video went out on 17 November. The third single, "Kiss Me, Oh Kiss Me" received a considerable airplay on Portuguese radio stations.

## Personnel

* David Fonseca – organ, synthesizer, acoustic guitar, percussion, piano, drums, electric guitar, keyboards, electric piano, tambourine, vocals, backing vocals, whistle, producer, engineer, cavaquinho, clapping, string arrangements, photography, cover art concept, Indian harmonium, beat programming
* Sergio "Visom" Nascimento – percussion, drums, backing vocals, clapping, shak
* Maria Salgado – backing vocals, clapping
* Howie Weinberg – mastering

## DVD: Dreams in Colour: Tour Edition

This DVD contains the same 11-song track list as Dreams in Colour, in addition to seven additional live tracks as follows:
* "If Our Hearts Do Ache" (live)
* "Song to the Siren" (live)
* "Who Are U?" (live)
* "R de Ryan"
* "How Do You Keep Love Alive" (live)
* "Let's Stick Together" (live)
* "I'm on Fire" (live)
# Eastwater Cavern

Eastwater Cavern is a cave near Priddy in the limestone of the Mendip Hills, in Somerset, England. It is also known as Eastwater Swallet. It was first excavated in April 1902 by a team led by Herbert E. Balch composed of paid labourers and volunteers from the Wells Natural History Society. Progress was initially slow, but by February 1903 Balch and Willcox had discovered substantial passage, following the streamway down to the bottom of the cave. Dolphin Pot was dug in 1940 by the Wessex Cave Club, with Primrose Pot following in 1950. West End series was the most recent significant discovery, in 1983.
On 28 August 1910 severe flooding rendered the boulder ruckles unstable, and the bottom of the cave was not reached again for another three years. The cavern was the site of a fatal accident in 1960, when Alan Hartnell was hit by rock-fall. Several areas of the boulder chokes remain unstable.
Dolphin ladder pitch also suffered a rock fall and was blocked by a sofa-sized boulder in 1959, but the route was re-opened in 1966.
The water resurges at Wookey Hole Caves 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the south, and 180 metres (590 ft) below the cave entrance.

## Description

The entrance proceeds through boulders towards the upper traverse, a wide bedding-plane angled 40 degrees downwards. Further passage takes the caver downwards towards the canyon. The lower levels are accessed via pitches and climbs, including Primrose Pot, which at 57 metres (187 ft) is one of the deepest vertical pitches on the Mendips.
# Bavirecta

Bavirecta is a genus of Asian jumping spiders first described by N. Kanesharatnam & Suresh P. Benjamin in 2018. As of April 2019 it contains only two species. It was placed in the tribe Baviini, part of the clade Salticoida of the subfamily Salticinae.

## Species

As of August 2020, the World Spider Catalog recognizes two species:
* Bavirecta exilis (Cao & Li, 2016) — China
* Bavirecta flavopuncta Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2018 — Sri Lanka
# Swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metre freestyle

The women's 400 metre freestyle event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place August 30. This swimming event used freestyle swimming, which means that the method of the stroke is not regulated (unlike backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly events). Nearly all swimmers use the front crawl or a variant of that stroke. Because an Olympic-size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of eight lengths of the pool.

## Medalists

| Gold | Shane Gould Australia |
| Silver | Novella Calligaris Italy |
| Bronze | Gudrun Wegner East Germany |

## Results
### Heats

Heat 1
| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Jenny Wylie | United States | 4:27.53 | OR, Q |
| 2 | Anke Rijnders | Netherlands | 4:29.94 | Q |
| 3 | Karin Tülling | East Germany | 4:32.56 | |
| 4 | Federica Stabilini | Italy | 4:36.32 | |
| 5 | Maria Teresa Ramírez | Mexico | 4:39.14 | |
| 6 | Helga Wagner | West Germany | 4:47.61 | |
| 7 | Kirsten Knudsen | Denmark | 4:53.76 | |
Heat 2
| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Shirley Babashoff | United States | 4:31.98 | Q |
| 2 | Karen Moras | Australia | 4:36.14 | |
| 3 | Mary Beth Rondeau | Canada | 4:36.71 | |
| 4 | Anne Marie McCaffrey | Canada | 4:39.92 | |
| 5 | Roselina Angee | Colombia | 4:45.97 | |
| 6 | Belinda Phillips | Jamaica | 4:47.54 | |
| 7 | Hsu Yue-yun | Chinese Taipei | 4:57.58 | |
Heat 3
| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Shane Gould | Australia | 4:28.46 | Q |
| 2 | Hansje Bunschoten | Netherlands | 4:28.76 | Q |
| 3 | Uta Schütz | West Germany | 4:34.67 | |
| 4 | Narelle Moras | Australia | 4:37.57 | |
| 5 | Susan Edmondson | Great Britain | 4:39.10 | |
| 6 | Ileana Morales | Venezuela | 4:44.73 | |
| 7 | Diana Sutherland | Great Britain | 4:47.66 | |
Heat 4
| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Novella Calligaris | Italy | 4:24.14 | OR, Q |
| 2 | Keena Rothhammer | United States | 4:24.82 | Q |
| 3 | Gudrun Wegner | East Germany | 4:25.13 | Q |
| 4 | Olga de Angulo | Colombia | 4:40.09 | |
| 5 | Jaynie Parkhouse | New Zealand | 4:40.24 | |
| 6 | June Green | Great Britain | 4:45.81 | |
| 7 | Eleni Avlonitou | Greece | 4:52.10 | |
| 8 | Patricia López | Argentina | 4:59.68 | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| | Shane Gould | Australia | 4:19.04 | WR |
| | Novella Calligaris | Italy | 4:22.44 | |
| | Gudrun Wegner | East Germany | 4:23.11 | |
| 4 | Shirley Babashoff | United States | 4:23.59 | |
| 5 | Jenny Wylie | United States | 4:24.07 | |
| 6 | Keena Rothhammer | United States | 4:24.22 | |
| 7 | Hansje Bunschoten | Netherlands | 4:29.70 | |
| 8 | Anke Rijnders | Netherlands | 4:31.51 | |
Key: WR = World record
# IBC

IBC is an initialism that can stand for:

## Broadcasting

* Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation, Channel 13, Philippines
* International Beacon Project, Worldwide network of radio propagation beacons
* International Broadcast Centre
* International Broadcasting Company, created by Leonard Plugge
** IBC Studios, the studios for the above
* International Broadcasting Convention, an annual media, entertainment and technology show
* Inuit Broadcasting Corporation, Canada
* Iwate Broadcasting Company, Japan

## Business

* IBC Airways, an American airline company
* IBC (bus manufacturer), a former Australian bus manufacturer
* IBC Vehicles, Isuzu Bedford Company
* Índice Bursátil de Capitalización, a stock market index in Venezuela
* Institute of Business Consulting, UK
* Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, India
* International Bank of Commerce, Texas, United States
* International Biographical Centre, a publisher
* International Bonded Couriers, an international logistics company
* International Boxing Club of New York
* International Building Code, used in most of the US
* International business company (or corporation)
* Interstate Bakeries Corporation
* Intertemporal budget constraint, a budgeting term

## Religion

* Indiana Bible College, USA
* International Bahá'í Council
* International Buddhist College, Thailand
* International Old Catholic Bishops' Conference, or International Bishops' Conference
* Irish Baptist College, Republic of Ireland
* Isaac Breuer College of Hebraic Studies, Israel
* Irish Baptist College, Republic of Ireland
* International Buddhist Confederation, Republic of India

## Other uses

* IBC Root Beer
* Indirect Branch Control, information returned by the CPUID instruction for the Intel Pentium and successors
* Inflammatory breast cancer
* Information-based complexity
* Intermediate Bulk Container, industrial-grade containers engineered for the mass handling, transport, and storage of materials
* International Botanical Congress
* International Boundary Commission
* International Boxing Council
* International branch campus
* Iran Bioinformatics Center, Iran
* Iraq Body Count project
* Italy. Common Good (Italia. Bene Comune), Italian political coalition
# Koraiyar River (Tiruvarur district)

The Koraiyar River is a non-perennial river in the Tiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is in the southern part of the Kaveri delta that covers much of the region of Chola Nadu. The Koraiyar begins as a distributary of the Vennaaru River where that river is dammed northwest of Needamangalam in Needamangalam taluk. After branching off from the Vennaaru, it flows southeast to the southwest of Needamangalam. It continues southeast for some distance, then turns sharply to the east. It follows this eastern course for some distance then turns southward west of Podakkudi. It follows a southern course through Mannargudi taluk then turns to the southwest north of Thillaivilagam in Thiruthiraipoondi taluk. Flowing to the east of Muthupet, it turns southeast and subsequently empties into Muthupet Lagoon.
# Cristal Snow

Tapio Huuska (born 14 July 1975), known by his stage name Cristal Snow, is a Finnish musician, television presenter, and a drag artist. He was one of the candidates to represent Finland in Eurovision Song Contest 2008. In 2016, he participated again in the preselection for Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "Love Is Blind" and was placed 6th.
In March 2018, Snow started hosting the Finnish television game show Kymppitonni.

## Early life

Huuska was born in Naantali. When he was seven years old, his mother died and he moved with his father to Kankaanpää where he grew up. Huuska has two half-siblings from his father's second marriage, and the family also included the stepmother's two children. After Huuska graduated from an upper secondary school, he moved to the United States. He lived in New York for seven years and studied theatre at the City College of New York. During his years in New York, Huuska performed as a drag queen in nightclubs under the name Cristal Snow.

## Personal life

Snow is openly gay.

## Discography
### Albums

* The Prophecy (2008)
* God You Made Me Wicked (2010)

### Singles

* "Pump It Up" (2007)
* "Cristal Clear" (2007)
* "Scarred" (featuring Elena Mady) (2007)
* "Can't Save Me" (2008)
* "China Cool" (2008, promo EP, digital only)
* "Turn Me Up" (2009, promo, digital only)
* "Killing Me" (2010, promo, digital only)
* "Wicked" (2010, promo, digital only)
* "Surrender" (2010, promo EP)
* "Love Is Blind" (2016)
* "Riding The Storm" (2016)
* "Die Hard" (2016)
* "Higher Ground" (2016)
* "Indestructible" (featuring Kristiina Wheeler) (2017)
# Arancay District

Arancay District is one of eleven districts of the province Huamalíes in Peru.
# Bulgarian Sailing Federation

The Bulgarian Sailing Federation is the national governing body for the sport of sailing in Bulgaria, recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

## Famous Sailors

See Category:Bulgarian sailors

### Olympic sailing

See Category:Olympic sailors of Bulgaria

## Yacht clubs

See Category:Yacht clubs in Bulgaria
# Ecuador Confederation of Free Trade Union Organizations

The Ecuador Confederation of Free Trade Union Organizations (CEOSL) is a trade union centre in Ecuador. CEOSL was founded on May 1, 1962, inspired by North American trade unions. It later distanced itself from its North American sponsors during the 1980s and 1990s, though. As of 2006 CEOSL organized 984 trade unions, 18.32% of the total number of unions in the country.
CEOSL is a member of the Frente Unitario de los Trabajadores, an umbrella organization for Ecuadorian trade unions.
# Svirce

Svirce may refer to:
* Svirce (Medveđa), a village in Serbia
* Svirce (Leskovac), a village in Serbia
# Chelinidea tabulata

Chelinidea tabulata is a species of leaf-footed bugs in the family Coreidae. It is found in Central America, North America, and South America.
# Zahorčice

Zahorčice is a municipality and village in Strakonice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 50 inhabitants.
Zahorčice lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Strakonice, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of České Budějovice, and 107 km (66 mi) south-west of Prague.
# Korak

Korak may refer to:
* Korak people, indigenous people of Siberia
* Korak (character) – the son of Tarzan
* Korak, Semnan, Iran
* Korak, Nepal
* Korak, Pakistan
# Crescentwood, Winnipeg

Crescentwood is a neighbourhood in the River Heights area of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is bordered on the north by Academy Road, on the east by the Assiniboine River, on the south by Corydon Avenue, and on the west by Cambridge Street.

## History

Crescentwood was developed by noted Winnipeg real estate agent C. H. Enderton.
The original Enderton development included a major portion of Crescentwood and a small corner of River Heights. In 1904, Enderton laid out Yale, Harvard, Kingsway and Dromore Avenues. He also purchased lots to create Oxford Street and the east side of Waverley north to Wellington Crescent. All the property on the river side of Wellington Crescent from Grosvenor Avenue to just beyond Elm Street in River Heights was his as well.
Many of the wealthiest residents moved into the new neighbourhood from 1904 until the 1913 recession. The remaining lots sold as the economy recovered.
Today, Crescentwood remains a middle-class neighbourhood adjacent to River Heights. Enderton was born in Lafayette, Indiana, in 1864, and after his university training worked as a lawyer in St. Paul, Minnesota. He came to Winnipeg in 1890 and made a success of his career in real estate. His many memberships and board positions showed him to be a prominent citizen of his adopted city. He remained a bachelor, living in a suite at the Fort Garry Court. On the day of his death he had been driving with a lady friend around Assiniboine Park. He was struck by a heart attack while returning along Academy Road.
When C. H. Enderton died in 1920, he left an estate of $1,200,000. This was the largest estate probated in Manitoba since the death of Donald A. Smith, Lord Strathcona, in 1914. After remembering some charities in Winnipeg, such as the Children's Hospital, he left the residue of his estate to his alma mater, Depauw University, although it was admitted at the time that his assets consisted largely of real estate which were not readily marketable.
Wellington Crescent was once an Indian trail following the curves of the Assiniboine River. In 1893 it was named Wellington Street after lawyer Arthur Wellington Ross who came from Cornwall, Ontario and purchased land in Fort Rouge.
In 2020, Crescentwood was nominated as a heritage conservation district. A study and survey are being conducted to determine the scope of the heritage status.

## Demography

The population in Crescentwood was 2,925 residents in 2021.
# Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes Braga

Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes Braga (1805 – 26 February 1875) was a Brazilian judge, county ombudsman, and politician. He was a general deputy to the General Assembly and the provincial governor of the province of Rio Grande do Sul from 2 May 1834 to 21 September 1835. He was the provincial governor at the outbreak of the Ragamuffin War in Rio Grande do Sul. He also served as a senator from Rio Grande do Sul and as a justice to the Supreme Court of Justice, nominated to the latter by imperial letter on 27 April 1870 and serving from 1870 to his death in 1875.

## Biography

The son of Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes Braga and Ana Joaquina da Silva, Braga was born in the village of São Pedro do Sul, then part of Santa Maria, in 1805. He came from a landed family in the region. He began attending classes at the University of Coimbra in Portugal in October 1822, graduating with a law degree on 15 June 1827.
Fernandes Braga was chosen in 1835 to become the new president of Rio Grande do Sul, despite having spent a large portion of his life in Europe, to the extent that he did not have strong connections to the province. His appointment initially pleased the more liberal elements of Rio Grande do Sul. However, he started to increasingly antagonize the liberal segments of society, including claiming during a session of the provincial assembly that the most radical elements of the movement were threatening to overthrow the provincial government and unite the province with Uruguay. During his speeches he mentioned Bento Gonçalves by name. Despite his efforts to calm the situation down afterwards, his rhetoric escalated tensions in the region, contributing to the outbreak of the Ragamuffin War.
Leaders among the rebels, dubbed the farrapos, chose on 18 September 1835 to depose Fernandes Braga within two days, and so began to march towards Porto Alegre. The manifesto of Bento Gonçalves later cited this as the sole goal of the rebellion in its initial stages. This resulted in the Battle of Azenha Bridge, the first battle of the war.
As the rebel forces began to move towards Porto Alegre, Fernandes Braga caught wind of their advances and so ordered the local municipal and national guard garrisons to stand and arm themselves, later including the citizens of Porto Alegre with these orders, but with little success. This would later become known as the Capture of Porto Alegre. With Bento Gonçalves marching into Porto Alegre on 20 September 1835 and with little in the way of weapons or manpower, Fernandes Braga fled to the city of Rio Grande, which turned into the base of operations for the Empire of Brazil in Rio Grande do Sul during this time period.
The rebels elected Marciano José Pereira Ribeiro as the new president of Rio Grande do Sul. Fernandes Braga later attempted to travel on the schooner Rio-Grandense to Pelotas to gather support, but was arrested. He was later released and sailed to Rio de Janeiro.