OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Little ground squirrel

The little ground squirrel or little souslik, (Spermophilus pygmaeus) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found from Eastern Europe to Central Asia.
Its subspecies include Spermophilus pygmaeus pygmaeus, Spermophilus pygmaeus brauneri, Spermophilus pygmaeus herbicolus and Spermophilus pygmaeus mugosaricus. The Caucasian mountain ground squirrel (Spermophilus musicus) is now considered to be a separate species.

## Morphology

The little ground squirrel has a stout, low-slung body, short legs and a well-furred tail. It has a brownish-grey back with ochre and yellowish mottling. The head is notably darker with more intense ochre tones and the tail is a light, grayish-ochre color with a pale tip. The body length is up to 230 millimetres and the tail measures up to 40 millimetres.

## Distribution

The little ground squirrel inhabits steppes and semi-deserts in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, ranging from Ukraine and European Russia east as far as the Aral Sea (Kazakhstan) and Dagestan (Russia). It is found at altitudes of up to 500 metres. The range of the species has been reduced over the last 20 years, probably as a result of climate change with more wet weather and wet years in the region. A decrease in cattle grazing and arable farming may also have played a role.

## Biology

This species is diurnal and favours grassland, uncultivated ground, field edges and roadside verges, avoiding areas with dense long vegetation. It lives in colonies mostly consisting of non-overlapping territories of adult females, while male territories include several female territories. It builds permanent burrows for hibernation and reproduction and temporary burrows for shelter. Before hibernation, all exits from the burrow are plugged by soil. In March or April the entrances are opened, the burrows cleaned and new construction starts. In late June or July, aestivation occurs and sometimes, especially in dry years, this species goes straight from aestivation to hibernation. During the year it may only be active for 80 to 100 days. As a result of excavating activity over several years, a mound is formed on the surface of the ground, up to eight metres in diameter and 0.6 of a metre in height. This is known as a souslikovina and from the top, animals keep watch on their surroundings. When threatened they emit a sharp, singing sound and retreat into the safety of the burrow.
The diet consists of green vegetation, roots and seeds. In years when food is scarce the little ground squirrel may migrate to seek better supplies elsewhere. Reproduction occurs once a year and the number of females participating in reproduction varies depending on the nature of the spring weather and the physiological condition of the females resulting from the adequacy of food supplies during the previous year. Litter sizes vary between three and ten per brood. The population dynamics are determined by many factors including changes of climate that are occurring in the area, the sufficiency of fodder, and the natural death rate which may be high, especially among young animals during hibernation.
# In the South

In the South may refer to:
* In the South (Alassio), a concert overture by Edward Elgar
* In the South (short story), a work of fiction by Salman Rushdie
# Altri Mondi

Altri Mondi (or Altrimondi, Italian for "Other Worlds") was an Italian collection of science fiction novels published by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore from 1986 to 1993.
The first number was the Italian translation of Robots and Empire by Isaac Asimov (May 1986). Other authors published included Alfred Bester, William Gibson, Robert A. Heinlein, Robert Silverberg, Lucius Shepard.
Covers were initially painted by Vicente Segrelles, soon replaced by the Argentine Oscar Chichoni.
# Benjamin Josses Odoki

Benjamin Josses Odoki (born 23 March 1943) is a former Chief Justice of Uganda, former Supreme Court Justice of Eswatini, and current Chairman of the Committee of Constitutional Experts for Drafting the EAC Political Federation Constitution, the committee drafting the constitution for the East African Confederation. Odoki served as the tenth Chief Justice of Uganda from 2001 to 2013 after fifteen years as a Judge on the Supreme Court of Uganda. He was a State Attorney of Uganda previous to his appointment to the court in 1986.

## Background and education

He was born in Dhaka Village, Busia District, in the Eastern Region of Uganda, on 23 March 1943, in a family with modest means. He studied at King's College, Budo, in Wakiso District, for his secondary school education. He was admitted to the University College, Dar es Salaam, in Tanzania, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1969. Later, he received a Diploma in Legal Practice, from the Law Development Centre in Kampala. In 1974, he achieved a Certificate in Development Studies from the University of Sussex, a Certificate in International Law from Geneva in 1975 and a Doctor of Law (LL.D) Degree (Honoris Causa) from the Commonwealth University Belize in London.

## Career before judgeship

He returned to Uganda after his studies in Tanzania. In 1969 he became an Advocate of the High Court of Uganda and was called to the Uganda Bar. The following year, he was appointed a State Attorney and was later promoted to Senior State Attorney a few years later. He also served as Director of the Uganda Law Development Centre.

## Career as a judge

In 1978, at the age of 35 years, he was appointed as a judge to the High Court of Uganda. From 1981 until 1984 was seconded to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions. In 1986 he was appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda. From 1996 to 2000, he served as Chairman of the Judicial Service Commission. He became the Chief Justice of Uganda in 2001, serving in that capacity until his mandatory retirement at the age of 70 on 23 March 23, 2013. However, he served a three months extension until 23 June 2013. The extension was controversial and generated mixed reactions from the public. He formerly served as a Vice president/ Judge of the Administrative Tribunal of the African Development Bank and Judge of the Supreme Court of Eswatini.

## Family

He is married with to Veronica Odoki, and is the father of four adult; Peter Odoki, Phillip Odoki, Dorah Odoki and Joshua Odoki.

## Other considerations

He at one time taught at Makerere University Faculty of Law and at the Law Development Centre. He served as the chairperson of the Editorial Board of the Uganda Law Reports. He has written a number of books and has published articles on a number of subjects, including constitutional development, human rights and criminal justice.

## Awards

In 2012 he received the Gusi Peace Prize International Award in Manila at the Philippine International Convention Centre for Social Justice and Humaritarian Law. He also has the Distinguished Jurist Award by the Nigerian Association of Democratic Lawyers.
# William II of Cagliari

William II Salusio V (died 1254) was the Judge of Cagliari from 1232 to his death. His Christian name was William, but his regnal name was Salusio, based on ancient Cagliaritan traditions which alternated their rulers between the forenames Torchitorio and Salusio. He would have been called Salusio in official documents, though he is known historically as William, after his grandfather, William I (Salusio IV).
William was the only son of Benedetta and Torchitorio IV of Cagliari. He was born after their marriage in 1214 and before Torchitorio's death in 1217, probably nearer the latter. He was still a child when he first began undersigning the donations of his mother to the Church in the peaceful interval of 1225–1226. Throughout her reign, Benedetta and her husbands — Lamberto Visconti (1220–1225), Henry of Capraia (1227–1228), and Rinaldo Glandi (1230–1232) — exercised the government nominally on his behalf, though his mother ruled also in her own right. In 1230, Ubaldo of Gallura invaded Cagliari, but the Gherardeschi of Pisa repulsed him in the name of Benedetta and the young William.
Benedetta died late in 1233 or early in 1234 and the Giudicato of Cagliari was divided between several powerful Pisan families. Though William was her successor, his rule was nominal, all the more so because he was still too young to rule in his own right and was put under the regency of his mother's sister Agnes and her husband, Marianus II of Logudoro. Nevertheless, in reality, he was a puppet of the Pisans.
In 1235, he attained his majority and volitionally submitted completely to Pisa. His reign, however, was consequently peaceful, though he did make war on the Visconti of Gallura until 1244 with the support of Ranieri della Gherardesca di Bolgheri, second husband of Agnes. In 1239, he made a treaty with Leonard, Archbishop of Cagliari, but he was but a pawn in the Pisan game and his writ lacked any value. He died in 1254. His son John succeeded him as Torchitorio V.

## Sources

* Ghisalberti, Alberto M. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: VIII Bellucci – Beregan. Rome, 1966.
* Solmi, A. Studi storici sulle istituzioni della Sardegna nel Medioevo. Cagliari, 1917.
* Loddo Canepa, F. "Note sulle condizioni economiche e giuridiche degli abitanti di Cagliari dal secolo XI al XIX." Studi sardi. X–XI, 1952, pp 237ff.
| Preceded byBenedetta | Judge of Cagliari 1232–1254 | Succeeded byJohn |
# Jorge Silva

Jorge Silva or Jorge da Silva may refer to:
* Jorge Nuno Silva (born 1956), Portuguese mathematician
* Jorge Silva (footballer, born 1959), retired Portuguese football striker
* Jorge da Silva (born 1961), retired Uruguayan football striker
* Jorge Silva (Brazilian boxer) (born 1966), Brazilian boxer
* Jorge da Silva (athlete) (born 1966), Brazilian Olympic athlete
* Jorge Silva (footballer, born 1972), Portuguese football goalkeeper
* Jorge Silva (footballer, born 1975), Portuguese football defender
* Jorge Silva (volleyball) (born 1980), Venezuelan volleyball player
* Jorge Silva (footballer, born 1996), Portuguese football defender
# Apatesia

Apatesia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae.
Its native range is South African Republic.
Species:
* Apatesia helianthoides (Aiton) N.E.Br.
* Apatesia pillansii N.E.Br.
* Apatesia sabulosa (Thunb.) L.Bolus
# Lists of National Treasures of Japan

Lists of National Treasures of Japan cover different types of National Treasure of Japan. They include buildings and fine arts and crafts.

## Buildings and structures

* List of National Treasures of Japan (castles), for structures that are part of a castle
* List of National Treasures of Japan (miscellaneous structures), for other structures and buildings
* List of National Treasures of Japan (residences), for residential buildings and structures
* List of National Treasures of Japan (shrines), for structures that are part of a Shinto shrine
* List of National Treasures of Japan (temples), for structures that are part of a Buddhist temple

## Fine Arts and Crafts

* List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents), for ancient documents
* List of National Treasures of Japan (archaeological materials), for archaeological finds
* List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts)
** List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts: others), for craft items that are not swords
** List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts: swords), for craft items that are swords
* List of National Treasures of Japan (historical materials), for historical materials of various type
* List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings), for paintings
* List of National Treasures of Japan (sculptures), for sculptures
* List of National Treasures of Japan (writings)
** List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Classical Chinese books), for Chinese books
** List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Japanese books), for Japanese books
** List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: others), for other written materials
vteCultural Properties of Japan :
# Lists of New Testament manuscripts

The following articles contain lists of New Testament manuscripts:

## In Coptic

* List of Coptic New Testament manuscripts

## In Greek

* List of New Testament papyri
* List of New Testament uncials
* List of New Testament minuscules
** List of New Testament minuscules (1–1000)
** List of New Testament minuscules (1001–2000)
** List of New Testament minuscules (2001–)
* List of New Testament lectionaries

## In Latin

* Vetus Latina manuscripts § New Testament
* Vulgate manuscripts § New Testament

## In Syriac

* List of Syriac New Testament manuscripts

## In Ge'ez

* Garima Gospel 1 and 2
# Live at the First Baptist Church

Live at the First Baptist Church is a live album by Canadian singer-songwriter Jim Bryson, released in 2008 on Kelp Records. Most of the album was recorded at Ottawa, Ontario's First Baptist Church; however, the album also includes two songs which were recorded for CBC Radio at the Black Sheep Inn in Wakefield, Quebec on December 9, 2006.

## Track listing

All songs written by Jim Bryson, except as noted.
* "Flowers"
* "If by the Bridge"
* "Firewatch"
* "Pissing on Everything"
* "Feel Much Better"
* "The Lost Occasional"
* "Impaler"
* "Elizabeth"
* "Satellite"
* "Captain Finch"
* "All the Fallen Leaves"
* "Somewhere Else"
* "The Wishes Pile Up"
* "Clear the Crowds"
* "Sleeping in Toronto"†
* "Mean Streak"†
# Live at the Floating Jazz Festival

Live at the Floating Jazz Festival may refer to:
* Live at the Floating Jazz Festival (Johnny Frigo album), 1999
* Live at the Floating Jazz Festival (Kenny Davern album), 2002
# E130

E130 may refer to:
* Indanthrene blue RS, a food additive
* KiHa E130 series, a Japanese train type
* Acer beTouch E130, a smartphone
# E128

E128 can refer to:
* Red 2G, a food additive
* A medical form for students and workers now replaced by the European Health Insurance Card
* Element 128, unbioctium, a predicted chemical element; see Extended periodic table § Superactinides
# Litadeini

Litadeini /ləteɪdini/ is a pan-tropical tribe of lace bugs. Thirteen genera have been recorded.

## Physical traits

This tribe is unique among Tingidae in having the second tarsal segment wider than the first.

## List of genera

* Aeopelys Drake and Ruhoff
* Aristobyrsa Drake and Poor
* Cephalidiosus Guilbert
* Cottothucha Drake and Poor
* Holophygdon Kirkaldy
* Larotingis Drake
* Litadea China
* Oecharis Drake and Ruhoff
* Ogrygotingis Drake
* Palauella Drake
* Psilobyrsa Drake and Hambleton
* Stragulotingis Froeschner
* Tadelia Linnavuori
# Xisco

Xisco is the nickname of people named Francisco. Notable people with the nickname include:
* Xisco (footballer, born 1980), Spanish footballer
* Xisco (footballer, born 1986), Spanish footballer
* Xisco Nadal (born 1986), Spanish footballer
* Xisco Pires (born 1998), Andorran footballer
# Windy (Suikoden)

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#REDIRECT Suikoden (video game)#Characters
# Grosscup

Grosscup is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edward Everett Grosscup (1860–1933), American politician
* Lee Grosscup (1936–2020), American football player and sportscaster
* Peter S. Grosscup (1852–1921), American judge
# John Harford (MP)

John Harford (by 1501 – 1559/60), of Coventry, Warwickshire, was an English Member of Parliament for Coventry in November 1554. He was Mayor of Coventry 1546–7.
# Against Us

Against Us: The New Face of America's Enemies in the Muslim World is a 2008 book by Jim Sciutto, published by Harmony Books. Sciutto argued that Anti-American sentiment in the Middle East and Islamic world was on the increase due to actions done by the U.S. government. Publishers Weekly stated that this sentiment was "becoming in effect, a form of Middle Eastern nationalism." According to book the anti-American sentiment spread to religiously moderate and pro-democracy activists.

## Background

Sciutto at the time worked for ABC News as a journalist covering news outside of the United States. After the September 11, 2001 attacks occurred, his assignments included the Middle East for the first time. As part of his research, Sciutto used polling data and conducted interviews in the Middle East and the United Kingdom. Interview subjects included a female student from Afghanistan, the wife of an Egyptian political prisoner, an Iranian secretly operating a blog, a trauma surgeon in Baghdad, Iraq, a member of Al Qaeda incarcerated in Jordan, a Christian man in Lebanon who supports Hezbollah, and a former jihadist from Saudi Arabia.

## Contents

The book discusses the history of the Middle East, and chronicles nine countries. The book criticizes the George W. Bush administration. Sciutto made his recommendations for changes in American and Western foreign policy at the end of the book. His suggestions were stated by Spectrum that the governments ought to "forswear the us-versus-them mentality and instead to embrace global strategies that strengthen ties with the Middle East"; he argued that there should be apologies for past misbehavior from the U.S. government.

## Reception

Bryce Christiansen of Booklist stated that Against Us is "Much-needed light on dark geopolitical realities."
Publishers Weekly stated that Against Us "is less interesting for what it reveals about American policy than for its empathetic and candid depiction of its subjects and their lives."
Kirkus Reviews stated that while it had "Well-cast thumbnail sketches" of its interview subjects, Against Us lacked "Fresh insights and forward-looking prescriptions", and concluded that it was "A missed opportunity."
Debra McGuire of the Las Vegas Review-Journal argued that "Sciutto could have done a great service in his book if he had resisted the popular temptation to blame us. [meaning the United States government/United States] That’s easy. The truth is harder."

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 "Against Us: The New Face of America's Enemies in the Muslim World". Publishers Weekly. 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
* 1 2 3 Christensen, Bryce (2008-08-01). "Against Us: The New Face of America's Enemies in the Muslim World". Booklist. 104 (22): 12.
* ↑ "Non-Fiction, Social Science Book Review: Against Us by - Jim Sciutto". www.armchairinterviews.com.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Against Us". Kirkus Reviews. 2008-09-09. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
* 1 2 3 4 McGuire, Debra (2008-09-24). "'Against Us': Another writer takes a whack at America". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
* ↑ "Peace in the Middle East: Will It Ever Be Achieved?". Spectrum. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
# 1978 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships

The 1978 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. Organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), the competition took place on February 24 and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.
At the championships, Houston McTear ran an electronically timed world record in the 60 yards.

## Medal summary
### Men

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 60 yards | Houston McTear | 6.05 | | | | |
| 600 yards | Stan Vinson | 1:10.0 | | | | |
| 1000 yards | Gideon Terer (KEN) | 2:09.3 | Bill Martin | 2:09.9 | | |
| Mile run | Eamonn Coghlan (IRL) | 4:01.6 | Wilson Waigwa (KEN) | 4:02.3 | Steve Lacy | 4:02.9 |
| 3 miles | Suleiman Nyambui (TAN) | 13:09.2 | Marty Liquori | 13:11.8 | | |
| 60 yards hurdles | Charles Foster | 7.11 | | | | |
| High jump | Dwight Stones | 2.25 m | | | | |
| Pole vault | Larry Jessee | 5.40 m | | | | |
| Long jump | Charlton Ehizuelen (NGR) | 7.72 m | Vesco Bradley | 25 ft 21⁄4 in (7.67 m) | | |
| Triple jump | Ron Livers | 16.85 m | | | | |
| Shot put | Al Feuerbach | 20.65 m | | | | |
| Weight throw | Ed Kania | 19.73 m | | | | |
| 2 miles walk | Todd Scully | 13:07.6 | | | | |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver |
| 60 yards | Brenda Morehead | 6.73 | | |
| 220 yards | Freida Nichols (BAR) | 24.23 | Theresa Montgomery | 24.73 |
| 440 yards | Kim Thomas | 55.30 | | |
| 880 yards | Debbie Vetter | 2:08.8 | | |
| Mile run | Francie Larrieu | 4:37.0 | | |
| 2 miles | Brenda Webb | 9:55.8 | | |
| 60 yards hurdles | Deby LaPlante | 7.53 | | |
| High jump | Debbie Brill (CAN) | 1.88 m | Joani Huntley | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Long jump | Modupe Oshikoya (NGR) | 6.25 m | Kathy McMillan | 20 ft 33⁄4 in (6.19 m) |
| Shot put | Maren Seidler | 18.59 m | | |
| 1 mile walk | Sue Brodock | 7:01.7 | | |
# Jones Creek (disambiguation)

Jones Creek may refer to:
* Jones Creek (Big River), a stream in Missouri
* Jones Creek (Center Creek), a stream in Missouri
* Jones Creek (Gasconade River), a stream in Missouri
* Jones Creek (Mohawk River), a stream in New York
* Jones Creek (Pee Dee River tributary), a stream in Anson County, North Carolina
* Jones Creek (South Dakota), a stream in South Dakota
* Jones Creek, Texas, a village in Texas
* Jones Creek, New South Wales, the former name of the locality of Reno, New South Wales, Australia
* the Song Canh Hom river in Quảng Trị province, Vietnam, nicknamed Jones Creek by United States forces during the Vietnam War
# Archery at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual AR1

The Men's Individual AR1 was an archery competition in the 1992 Summer Paralympics.
Gold medalist, Koichi Minami, set a world record in the qualifying round. In the final he beat the US archer Richard Spizzirri.

## Results
### Qualifying round

| Rank | Archer | Points | Notes |
| 1 | Koichi Minami (JPN) | 1186 | WR |
| 2 | Walter Williams (USA) | 1150 | |
| 3 | Martti Rantavouri (FIN) | 1098 | |
| 4 | Giampiero Mercandelli (ITA) | 1052 | |
| 5 | Hannu Airaksinen (FIN) | 1032 | |
| 6 | Oddbjorn Stebekk (NOR) | 933 | |
| 7 | Richard Spizzirri (USA) | 912 | |
| 8 | Kurt MacCaferri (SUI) | 890 | |
| 9 | Ernest Arnold (GBR) | 868 | |
| 10 | Reiner Schneider (GER) | 750 | |

### Finals

| Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Gold medal match | Gold medal match | Gold medal match |
| 1 | Koichi Minami (JPN) | 96 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Kurt MacCaferri (SUI) | 63 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Kurt MacCaferri (SUI) | 63 | 1 | Koichi Minami (JPN) | 91 | | | |
| | | | 4 | Giampiero Mercandelli (ITA) | 86 | | | |
| 5 | Hannu Airaksinen (FIN) | 78 | 4 | Giampiero Mercandelli (ITA) | 86 | | | |
| 4 | Giampiero Mercandelli (ITA) | 79 | | | | | | |
| 4 | Giampiero Mercandelli (ITA) | 79 | | | | 1 | Koichi Minami (JPN) | 96 |
| | | | | | | 7 | Richard Spizzirri (USA) | 90 |
| 3 | Martti Rantavouri (FIN) | 90 | | | | | | | 7 | Richard Spizzirri (USA) | 90 |
| 6 | Oddbjorn Stebekk (NOR) | 92 | | | |
| 6 | Oddbjorn Stebekk (NOR) | 92 | 6 | Oddbjorn Stebekk (NOR) | 64 | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| | | | 7 | Richard Spizzirri (USA) | 92 |
| 7 | Richard Spizzirri (USA) | 91 | 7 | Richard Spizzirri (USA) | 92 | 4 | Giampiero Mercandelli (ITA) | 92 |
| 2 | Walter Williams (USA) | 71 | | | | 6 | Oddbjorn Stebekk (NOR) | 67 |
# Union of Bookmakers' Employees

The Union of Bookmakers' Employees (UBE) was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It merged with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1974.The inaugural meeting was in Manchester Town Hall