OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James McKinnon (historian)

James McKinnon FRSE (1860-1945) was a writer on history and church history. He was Professor of Church History at the University of Edinburgh from 1908 to 1930.

## Life

He was born on 15 July 1860 on the Ardmiddle estate near Turriff in northern Aberdeenshire, the son of Barbara Hay Black and her husband Alexander MacKinnon, the land steward of the estate.
He was educated at Ardmiddle Public School and Turriff Parish School and then went to the University of Edinburgh but initially did not complete his degree. He instead travelled to South Africa 1881 to 1884, for health reasons, where he studied Arts and Divinity at the Theological College of the Dutch Reformed Church at Stellenbosch University. He returned to Scotland to complete his degree at the University of Edinburgh eventually graduating with an MA in 1889. He undertook further postgraduate studies in Germany, at the University of Bonn and Heidelberg University gaining a PhD in the latter in 1891.
In 1886 he had been licensed to preach as a Church of Scotland minister by the Presbytery of Turriff and served as a locum in St Andrew's Church in Dundee then in the Abbey Church in Edinburgh. In 1890 he moved to Glasgow having obtained a post as a lecturer in history at Queen Margaret College, Glasgow. He then began lecturing in history at the University of Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews, from 1893 being an examiner for history exams at Edinburgh. In 1896 he was appointed senior lecturer in History at St Andrews. In 1908 he returned to University of Edinburgh as Professor of Church History in place of Rev Prof Malcolm Campbell Taylor.
In 1910 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir William Turner, George Chrystal, Cargill Gilston Knott and Sir Frank Watson Dyson. In the same year he became a Director of the Royal Blind Asylum in Edinburgh and a Governor of Steill's Educational Trust. He was awarded a Doctor of Divinity by the University of St Andrews in 1912.
He was President of the International Historical Congress in London in 1913.
He retired in 1930 and was thereafter given the title of Regius Professor. He died at Thornlea House in Forfar on 12 July 1945, aged 85.

## Publications

* South African Traits ( 1887)
* Culture in Early Scotland (1892)
* The Union of England and Scotland (1896)
* The History of Edward III (1900)
* The Growth and Decline of the French Monarchy (1902)
* A History of Modern Liberty (1906)
* The Social and Industrial History of Scotland (1920)
* Constitutional History of Scotland to the Reformation (1924)
* Luther and the Reformation (1925)

## Family

In December 1886 he married Pauline Klein, daughter of F. Klein from Cologne. They had one son, James Alexander Rudolph MacKinnon (b.1888) an advocate who later served as Sheriff Substitute for Forfarshire.
# Black-breasted barbet

The black-breasted barbet (Pogonornis rolleti) is a species of bird in the Lybiidae family. It is found in Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, and the extreme northeast of Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Uganda.
It occurs in woodlands of the eastern Sahel, between 200m and 1200m altitude (and as high as 2134m in western Sudan).

## Taxonomy

This species is monotypic.

## Distribution and habitat

The black-breasted barbet's range is largely in South Sudan. It is however known from Zakouma National Park, where birders do go to search for it.

## Behaviour and ecology

This frugivorous barbet is known to frequent fig trees in Zakouma National Park in the dry season. As these riverine areas flood heavily in the wet season, their movements are unknown but they are not presumed to be migratory.
# Enez District

Enez District is a district of the Edirne Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Enez. Its area is 455 km$^2$, and its population is 10,488 (2022).

## Composition

There is one municipalities in Enez District:
* Enez
There are 19 villages in Enez District:
* Abdurrahim
* Büyükevren
* Çandır
* Çavuşköy
* Çeribaşı
* Gülçavuş
* Hasköy
* Hisarlı
* Işıklı
* Karaincirli
* Kocaali
* Küçükevren
* Şehitler
* Sultaniça
* Sütçüler
* Umurbey
* Vakıf
* Yazır
* Yenice
# D.C. United Holdings

D.C. United Holdings is the holding company that controls operating rights to D.C. United, a professional soccer club that is part of Major League Soccer (MLS). The company, founded in 2007, was initially led by Will Chang, Brian Davis, Christian Laettner, and Kevin Payne who maintained his position with the new investors. D.C. United Holdings bought D.C. United from Anschutz Entertainment Group for US$33 million, which was a record fee for operational rights to an MLS club at that time.
In May 2009, previous stakeholder Victor MacFarlane announced the sale of his share of D.C. United Holdings to majority owner William Chang, giving him a 98% stake in the organization. In October 2009, Chang bought out Davis and Laettner, who held the remaining 2%, to fully control 100% of the team.
In 2012, Erick Thohir and Jason Levien purchased the club and its holding company, with Chang remaining as a minority investor. Their efforts are primarily focused on getting United a new stadium and enhancing the four-time MLS champions' global profile. Erick Thohir minority stake was bought by rapper Yo Gotti in September 2021.
# International Society of Bassists

The International Society of Bassists (ISB) is a 501(C)(3) not-for-profit organization for anybody who enjoys the double bass. The society was founded in 1967 by Gary Karr as the International Institute for String Bass (IISB). After a two-year hiatus of the IISB, the International Society of Bassists was launched with Barry Green as executive director, and the society maintains that name today. The president of the Society from 1982-1991 was Jeff Bradetich. The current president is Douglas Mapp, double bass professor at Rowan University, and the General Manager is Madeline Crouch of Don Dillon Associates. The society has about 3,000 members in about 40 countries and is steered by an international board of directors.
Every other year, the society holds a convention that consists of music competitions, workshops, recitals, lectures, and exhibits. Recent convention attendance routinely exceeds 1,000 attendees.
In addition to a periodic newsletter, the ISB publishes Bass World magazine three times a year. The magazine contains columns for soloists, orchestra members and jazz bassists, instrument maintenance advice, musician profiles, discussions of health issues, teacher tips, pages for children, recording and music reviews, and interviews. Articles are written, edited, refereed, and curated by leading experts and enthusiasts in the field.
The ISB also publishes the free Online Journal of Bass Research, containing peer-reviewed scholarly research regarding the history and development of the double bass and related instruments, players and repertoire, and critical reviews of bass-related books and articles.
# 2nd Infantry Brigade (New Zealand)

The 2nd Infantry Brigade was a formation of the New Zealand Military Forces raised for service abroad with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force during the First World War. As part of the New Zealand Division, it participated in several major battles on the Western Front from 1916 to 1918 before being disbanded in 1919. There was also a 2nd Infantry Brigade in the New Zealand Territorial Force that existed from 1924 to 1964.

## History
### First World War

It was formed in Egypt in 1916 for service with the New Zealand Division on the Western Front. Its original commander was Brigadier General William Garnett Braithwaite, a British Army officer on secondment to the New Zealand Military Forces. Upon formation, the brigade consisted of four infantry battalions: the 2nd Battalion, Auckland Regiment; the 2nd Battalion, Wellington Regiment; the 2nd Battalion, Canterbury Regiment; and the 2nd Battalion, Otago Regiment. This was later changed, though, when several battalions were swapped between the 1st and 2nd Brigades, resulting in the 1st Battalions of the Canterbury and Otago Regiments replacing the 2nd Battalions of the Auckland and Wellington Regiments. This placed all the North Island battalions in the 1st Brigade while all the South Island formations were in the 2nd Brigade.
Brigadier General Herbert Hart took over as brigade commander in February 1918, after the 4th Brigade was disbanded due to manpower constraints. At this time, the 2nd Brigade received a large number of reinforcements from the 4th Brigade.
The brigade fought in several major engagements including the Battles of Broodseinde, Messines and Passchendaele. It was disbanded in early 1919 following the cessation of hostilities in Europe.

### Territorial Force

There was also a formation in the New Zealand Territorial Force (TF) that from 1924 was designated 2nd Infantry Brigade until 1964 at which time it was disbanded (it was originally known as Wellington Infantry Brigade from 1910 to 1920 and then Central Infantry Brigade from 1921 to 1923). During the Second World War, this TF brigade was part of 4th Division and then 1st Division, both of which served on the Home Front in New Zealand.
# Department of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts

The Department of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts (DEDTA) was the Tasmanian Government department tasked with making Tasmania a prosperous, vibrant, and healthy community. The department's core mission was to lead industry and community development, implement marketing and development programs for Tasmanian tourism, and provide policy and planning for the arts and culture sectors.
DEDTA was the initial point of contact for companies wishing to establish, relocate, diversify, or expand in Tasmania. It facilitated connections between government entities and the private sector to market Tasmania's unique attributes, provided funding for events, artists, and arts organizations, supported the upkeep of the state's cultural heritage collections, and promoted opportunities for all Tasmanians to engage in sports, recreation, and physical activities.
On 1 July 2014, DEDTA was merged with the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, forming the Department of State Growth.

## Responsibilities

The department was responsible for:
* Promoting investment, exports, and job creation.
* Supporting arts policy, funding advice, and promoting cultural activities.
* Maximising the contribution of tourism to economic growth.
* Improving health and wellbeing through sport and recreation initiatives.
* Advancing Tasmania's science and research capabilities.

## Structure

The department was organised into the following organisational groups:
* Economic Development: Focused on investment and job creation.
* Arts and Culture: Supported arts policy and cultural activities.
* Tourism Tasmania: Promoted Tasmania as a tourist destination.
* Sport and Recreation: Enhanced health and wellbeing through sport.
* Corporate Support: Ensured good governance and decision-making.

## Boards and Committees

The department worked with several boards and committees:
* Screen Tasmania Board: Provided funding recommendations for the screen industry, through Screen Tasmania.
* Tasmanian Arts Advisory Board: Offered arts policy and funding advice, through Arts Tasmania.
* Tasmanian Development Board: Focused on investment and employment creation.
* Tourism Tasmania Board: Led marketing and development programs for tourism.
* Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Board of Trustees: Managed the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery operations.

## History

DEDTA was established in September 1998 with the objective to foster economic and cultural growth in Tasmania.
It operated until 1 July 2014, when it was amalgamated with the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources to form the Department of State Growth.
Throughout its existence, DEDTA supported several major initiatives, including the reopening of the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery after a $30 million upgrade, supporting the dairy industry, and promoting the state's wine industry through international trade missions.
# Corydoras seussi

Corydoras seussi is a South American catfish, family Callichthyidae. It was named after German ichthyologist Dr Werner Seuss. It quite strongly resembles the Corydoras gossei. However, it can be differentiated by its longer snout; nonetheless, it is not a 'true' longnose corydoras in the manner of, for example, Corydoras septentrionalis. The captive spawning of this catfish has not been documented.
# James McLachlan (Victorian politician)

James Weir McLachlan (16 August 1862 – 18 September 1938) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Harcourt to saddler William Ramsay McLachlan and Mary Weir. He attended state schools and was a pupil teacher before inheriting the family's Sale saddlery. He worked as a journalist for the Gippsland Times. In 1908 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Gippsland North. He married Celia Sarah Hearn on 23 December 1912; they had two children. He resigned from the Labor Party over conscription in 1916 and was a member of the National Labor Party, but he did not join the Nationalist Party and remained in the Assembly as an independent. Known for his eccentricity, he supported governments of all three parties at various times. McLachlan held his seat until his death in 1938.
# Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified

Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BD-NOS) is a diagnosis for bipolar disorder (BD) when it does not fall within the other established sub-types. Bipolar disorder NOS is sometimes referred to as subthreshold bipolar disorder.

## Classification

BD-NOS is a mood disorder and one of four subtypes on the bipolar spectrum, which also includes bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymia. BD-NOS was a classification in the DSM-IV and has since been changed to Bipolar "Other Specified" and "Unspecified" in the 2013 released DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). BD-NOS is a disorder which creates intense mood instability which causes bouts of depression, hypomania, and mania, and occasionally mood stability.

## Diagnosis

Bipolar disorder is difficult to diagnose. If a person displays some symptoms of bipolar disorder but not others, the clinician may diagnose bipolar NOS. The diagnosis of bipolar NOS is indicated when there is a rapid change (days) between manic and depressive symptoms and can also include recurring episodes of hypomania. Bipolar NOS may be diagnosed when it is difficult to tell whether bipolar is the primary disorder due to another general medical condition, such as a substance use disorder. A diagnosis of this condition can be challenging and is often imprecise.

## Treatment

Individual approaches to treatment are recommended, usually involving a combination of mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics. Psychotherapy may be beneficial and should be started early.

## Epidemiology

The prevalence of BD-NOS is 1.4%.
# English Harbour (disambiguation)

English Harbour may refer to:
* English Harbour, Antigua
* English Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador
* English Harbour East, Newfoundland and Labrador
* English Harbour West, Newfoundland and Labrador
* Paelau, Kiribati, formerly known as English Harbour
# Annette Eick

Annette Eick (13 September 1909 – 25 February 2010) was a Jewish Lesbian author and poet.

## Biography

Annette Eick was born 13 September 1909, in Berlin.
During the 1920s, a liberal time period in the Weimar republic, Eick wrote poems and short stories for lesbian magazines, including Garçonne. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, she had to give up on journalism and started working as a nanny. In 1938, she was granted a visum to live in the UK and fled to London after surviving an attack by Nazis on the farm she was staying at during the Reichskristallnacht. Her parents were murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp.
In London, Eick worked as a nanny and housekeeper and met her partner Getrud Klingel. They moved to Devon, where they opened a nursery and Eick started writing again. Her collection of poems, Immortal Muse, was published in 1984 and turned into a short film called The Immortal Muse by Jules Hussey in 2005.
Eick became known to a wider audience after being featured, alongside five gay men, in the documentary ‘Paragraph 175’ from 2000, which told of their prosecutions under the paragraph 175 which criminalised homosexuality. Most of Eick's work, however, remains unpublished.
She died 25 February 2010, in Devon.
# Gun Code

Gun Code is a 1940 American western film directed by Sam Newfield and starring Tim McCoy, Inna Gest and Carleton Young. It was distributed by the independent company PRC which specialized in handling low-budget second features. The film's sets were designed by the art director Fred Preble.

## Plot

The inhabitants of the town Miller Flats are intimidated by a gang running a protection racket. When the parson attempts to rally the townspeople against the gang he is killed by them. A marshal comes to town in disguise and joins forces with Betty Garrett the owner of the newspaper to bring down the racket.

## Cast

* Tim McCoy as Marshal Tim Hammond posing as Tim Hays
* Inna Gest as Betty Garrett
* Lou Fulton as Curley Haines
* Stephen Chase as James M. Bradley - Banker
* Carleton Young as Henchman Slim Doyle
* Ted Adams as Sheriff Kramer
* Robert Winkler as Jerry Garrett
* Dave O'Brien as Henchman Gale
* George Chesebro as Henchman Bart
* Jack Richardson as Mike McClure
* John Elliott as Parson A. Hammond
* Victor Adamson as Townsman
* Bob Burns as Townsman
* Budd Buster as Townsman
* Tex Cooper as Townsman
* Jack Evans as Henchman
* Herman Hack as Posse Rider
# Hulda Friederichs

Hulda Friederichs (1856/7 – 1927) was a Prussian journalist and writer working in London.

## Life

Friederichs was born in Ronsdorf in Prussia is 1856 or 1857. She went to school in her home town and in Cologne. By 1881 she was in London. She comes to notice in London where she is on a scheme organised by the University of St Andrews to improve women's higher education. Armed with the first part of this qualification she began work in 1883 at the Pall Mall Gazette when she became W.T.Stead's private secretary and she was promoted to "Chief Interviewer". W.T.Stead championed women's rights and she enjoyed the same pay and conditions as her male peers and their close relationship.
Friederichs gained the nickname of the "Prussian Governess" and was regarded as "probably the best woman interviewer." She conducted an investigation into women active in the Salvation Army. The staff of the gazette were surprised when it was sold to William Waldorf Astor. The paper became overnight a conservative publication and the political writers were persona non grata. Edward Tyas Cook who had been the editor at the Pall Mall Gazette was supported by George Newnes to create the Westminster Gazette in January 1893. Friederichs was among those who were reemployed by Cook and the Westminster Review achieved a successful launch.
She was given free rein to edit a family weekly titled "Westminster Budget" in 1896. The choice of a woman was regarded as an important decision. It was remarkable that Friederichs, a woman, was editing a newspaper.
She died in Wandsworth at her home on 12 February 1927.

## Selected publications

* The Life of Sir George Newnes Bart
* The Romance of the Salvation Army, 1907
* The Life of Sir George Newnes (1911)
* In the Evening of His Days, a Study of Mr. Gladstone in Retirement
* The Future of Russia - translation

## Legacy

Friederichs appears as a character in a crime novel, Watchers of the Dead, by Susanna Gregory aka Simon Beaufort.
# Department of Economic and Statistical Analysis, Haryana

Department of Economic and Statistical Ananlysis, Haryana (Hindi: योजना विभाग, हरियाणा) is a Ministry and department of the Government of Haryana in India.

## Description

This department came into existence when Haryana was established as a new state within India after being separated from Punjab. Abhimanyu Sindhu is the cabinet minister responsible for this department from October 2014.
# Makinen, Minnesota

Makinen is an unincorporated community in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States.
The community is located 18 miles (29 km) southeast of the city of Virginia, and 14 miles (23 km) southeast of the city of Eveleth, at the intersection of Saint Louis County Road 16 and County Road 108.
U.S. Highway 53 is nearby.

## Geography

The center of Makinen is located at the intersection of Wilson Road (County Road 16) and Long Lake Road (County Road 108). The Makinen Post Office](ZIP code 55763), Makinen Community Center, and the Makinen Market (closed July 2016) are in this vicinity.
County Road 16 takes a northern jog near the center of Makinen. This section of County Road 16 underwent re-construction and re-routing from 2006 to 2008. The former "corner" intersection has been rounded out so travelers on County Road 16 no longer have to slow down as much.
Mud Hen Creek flows through the community.
Markham and Palo are other nearby communities, from which some residents obtain mail service from Makinen.

## Demographics

According to the U.S. Census website, the population of Makinen in 2010 was 554 people. This appears to represent the U.S. Census Tract area [ZCTA], and not the actual ZIP Code area.

## Education

Most students in grades K through twelve attend classes either in nearby Cherry or Aurora. Many Makinen students attended school in Cotton until 2011, when the Cotton School was closed. Other nearby communities include Eveleth, Gilbert, Biwabik, Hibbing, and Virginia.

## History

Finnish farming developed next in the region to the west of McDavitt Township, in the townships of Lavell and Cherry. The most important Finnish clusters developed in Cherry (Alavus), Corbin, Forbes, Makinen and the Saint Louis River, while lesser numbers of Finns were scattered throughout the whole region. Makinen received its name from John Makinen who, together with John Kovaniemi, kept a store and post office there from 1905 on.
According to several current residents, Makinen was founded in 1900 by John Makinen. The former name of the area was Corbin, however this name was not available to be used when Makinen was founded.
Makinen held a "Diamond Jubilee" celebration in 1975, and a Centennial celebration in 2000.
A historic Finnish pioneer farm is located in southeastern Makinen, once owned by Eli Wirtanen. The surrounding community hosts a Wirtanen Pioneer Farm festival that takes place for one weekend in September every year.
The Makinen Volunteer Fire Department moved from the lower level of the Makinen Community Center to the building that formerly housed Makinen Elementary School (#79).