OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tegin Shah

Turk Shahi rulers 665-822 CE :
| Barha Tegin | (665–680 CE) |
| Tegin Shah | (680–739 CE) |
| Fromo Kesaro | (739–745 CE) |
| Bo Fuzhun | (745–? CE) |
| Khingala | (780–785 CE) |
| Pati Dumi | (?–815 CE) |
| Lagaturman | (815–822 CE) |
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Shahi Tegin, Tegin Shah or Sri Shahi (ruled 680–739 CE, known to the Chinese as 烏散特勤灑 Wusan Teqin Sa "Tegin Shah of Khorasan") was a king of the Turk Shahis, a dynasty of Western Turk or mixed Western Turk-Hephthalite origin who ruled from Kabul and Kapisa to Gandhara in the 7th to 9th centuries.

## Context

Kabulistan was the heartland of the Turk Shahi domain, which at times included Zabulistan and Gandhara.
During their rule, the Turk Shahi were in constant conflict against the eastward expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate. About 650 CE, the Arabs captured Sistan, and started to attack Shahi territory from the west. They captured Kabul in 665 CE, but the Turk Shahis were able to mount a counter-offensive and repulsed the Arabs, taking back the areas of Kabul and Zabulistan (around Ghazni), as well as the region of Arachosia as far as Kandahar.

## Rule

In 680 CE, Shahi Tegin succeeded Barha Tegin. The Arabs again failed to capture Kabul and Zabulistan in 697–698 CE, and their general Yazid ibn Ziyad was killed in the action.
In 719/20 CE, the Tegin of Kabulistan (Tegin Shah) and the Iltäbär of Zabulistan sent a combined embassy to the Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty in Xi'an to obtain confirmation of their thrones. The Chinese emperor signed an investiture decree, which was returned to the Turk rulers:
   In the seventh year of the Kaiyuan reign [719 CE], [Jibin dispatched] envoys to the [Tang] court, who offered up a book of an astrological text, secret medical recipes, together with foreign medecines and other things. An imperial edict was issued to bestow on the king [of Jibin] the title Geluodazhi Tele [for "Tegin"].
The word "Geluodazhi" in this extract (Chinese: 葛罗达支, pronounced in Early Middle Chinese: kat-la-dat-tcǐe), is thought to be a transliteration of the ethnonym Khalaj. Hence Tegin Shah was "Tegin of the Khalaj". This title also appears on his coinage in Gupta script, where he is named "hitivira kharalāča", probably meaning "Iltäbär of the Khalaj". In 720 CE, the ruler of Zabulistan (謝䫻, xieyu) also received the title Gedaluozhi Xielifa (Chinese: 葛達羅支頡利發), Xielifa being the known Chinese transcription of the Turkish "Iltäbär", hence "Iltäbär of the Khalaj". Overall, it seems that the Turk Shahi rulers were Khalaj Turks.
Tegin Shah abdicated in 739 CE in favour of his son Fromo Kesaro and sent an embassy through Central Asia in 719 CE:
   In the 27th year [of Kaiyuan, ie 739 CE], the king Wusan Tela Sa [for Khorasan Tegin Shah] submitted a memorial requesting that due to his old age, his son Fulin Jisuo may succeed him on the throne. The emperor agreed and dispatched an envoy in order to confer the king's title on him through an imperial edict.
* Coin of Shahi Tegin (Sri Shahi).
# Chitonidae

Chitonidae is a family of chitons or polyplacophorans, marine mollusks whose shell is composed of eight articulating plates or valves. There are fifteen extant genera in three subfamilies.

## Subfamilies and genera

Subfamilies and genera within the family Chitonidae include:
** Subfamily Chitoninae Rafinesque, 1815
*** Chiton Linnaeus, 1758 – the type genus of the family
*** Amaurochiton Thiele, 1893
*** Radsia Gray, 1847
*** Sypharochiton Thiele, 1893
*** Nodiplax Beu, 1967
*** Rhyssoplax Thiele, 1893
*** Teguloaplax Iredale & Hull, 1926
*** Mucrosquama Iredale, 1893
** Subfamily Toniciinae Pilsbry, 1893
*** Tonicia Gray, 1847
*** Onithochiton Gray, 1847
** Subfamily Acanthopleurinae Dall, 1889
*** Acanthopleura Guilding, 1829
*** Liolophura Pilsbry, 1893
*** Enoplochiton Gray, 1847
*** Squamopleura Nierstrasz, 1905
# Chitoniscus lobiventris

Chitoniscus lobiventris, the lobed leaf insect, is an insect species classified within the order Phasmatodea and the family Phylliidae. Initially documented by Blanchard in 1853, its distinguishing feature lies in its leaf-like appearance, a characteristic adaptation for camouflage within its natural habitat. Like many Chitoniscus species, it is found in the South Pacific. The holotype specimen for this species was a male from Viti, Lebouka collected by Émile Blanchard. In August 1903, a female specimen was collected in Carins by R.C.L Perkins. Males and females were also collected in the Kolombangra of the Solomon Islands in April and October by M.Bigger.
# Château de Clermont (Isère)

The Château de Clermont (also known locally as Tour de Clermont) is a ruined 11th-century castle in the commune of Chirens in the Isère department of France.
From the 10th century, Chirens belonged to the Clermont-Tonnerre family. They built a castle on the Clermont hill overlooking the Chirens Valley. The castle was built with a triple enceinte and with an irregular pentagonal keep. The castle seems to have been abandoned at the start of the 16th century and was dismantled in 1626 by royal order inspired by Cardinal Richelieu, along with other castles which no longer served to defend France. Only the keep (which still belongs to the Clermont-Tonnerre family) exists today.
It has been listed since 1983 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Cinema Retro

Cinema Retro is an English magazine devoted to "celebrating films of the 1960s & 1970s". Founded in 2005 by Lee Pfeiffer and Dave Worrall, it is subtitled "the Essential Guide to Cult and Classic Movies". The 64-page full-colour magazine is published three times a year with a wide range of rare or previously unseen press photographs.

## Guest columnists

As well as regular columns from the founders, Cinema Retro features guest columnists including:
* Christopher Lee
* Richard Kiel
* Jeremy Slate
* Madeline Smith
* David McCallum
* Raymond Benson

## Cover stories

Cinema Retro cover stories have included exclusive interviews with William Shatner, Jack Cardiff, Elke Sommer, Ray Harryhausen, Richard Johnson, Luciana Paluzzi, Norman Jewison, John Phillip Law, Michael York and Hugh Hefner. It also features "lost" interviews with Steve McQueen and Lee Marvin, a day with Roger Moore, and an interview with composer Lalo Schifrin. Cover stories include the 1966 film Batman, Our Man Flint, 100 Rifles Witchfinder General, the 1967 version of the James Bond film Casino Royale, Deadlier Than the Male, Dirty Harry, Get Carter, The Vampire Lovers, Bullitt, The Getaway, Girl on a Motorcycle, Prime Cut and The Man from U.N.C.L.E..

## Events

In 2005, Cinema Retro, "celebrating films of the 1960s & 1980s" MI6, BondStars.com organised the screening of the Bond film Thunderball, for the film's 40th anniversary. The event was hosted by Dave Worrall and Lee Pfeiffer (journalists and Cinema Retro publishers), Gareth Owen (author), and the founders of MI6.
Celebrity guest to the event included: Christopher Frayling, Ken Adam, Molly Peters, George Leech, Martine Beswick, Earl Cameron, and Norman Wanstall.
At this event, Cinema Retro publishers honored Don Black with an award for outstanding service to the motion picture industry.
In 2008, Cinema Retro presented Guy Hamilton with the magazine's second lifetime achievement award at a ceremony at Pinewood Studios in England.
In the fall of 2008, Sir Roger Moore was presented with the magazine's second lifetime achievement award at a ceremony at Pinewood Studios in England. Later that year, Sir Roger Moore was also presented with the magazine's lifetime achievement award. As with Guy Hamilton, the presentation took place at Pinewood Studios.
In 2010, Cinema Retro, in partnership with T.W.I.N.E Tours, hosted a Movie Magic Tour of British film locations. Sites visited on the 8 day trek included Stoke Park, where the famous golf game in Goldfinger was shot, Portmeirion in Wales, site of the filming of the legendary TV series The Prisoner starring Patrick McGoohan, the Stan Laurel Museum in the comic's hometown of Ulverston, a visit to the Pictureville Cinema in Bradford where the magazine sponsored a one-time showing of the MGM classic How the West Was Won in its original 3-panel Cinerama format, and Ettington Park, where director Robert Wise shot the exterior scenes for the classic 1963 version of The Haunting. It was here that the male lead in that film, Richard Johnson, joined the tour members as a special surprise guest and hosted a screening of the movie on the premises.
# Kazunari Abe

Kazunari Abe (阿部 和成, Abe Kazunari, born May 19, 1989) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He played with the Chiba Lotte Marines from 2011 to 2013 and from 2015 to 2019.
# Chunhua County

Chunhua County (Chinese: 淳化; pinyin: Chúnhuà) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xianyang, in the central part of Shaanxi province, China.

## Administrative divisions

As 2016, this County is divided to 12 towns.

### Towns

| Chengguan (城关镇) Guanzhuang (官庄镇) Majia (马家镇) Fangli (方里镇) Runzhen (润镇) Chewu (车坞镇) | Tiewang (铁王镇) Shiqiao (石桥镇) Hujiamiao (胡家庙镇) Shiliyuan (十里塬镇) Guxian (固贤镇) Bojia (卜家镇) |

## Climate

Climate data for Chunhua, elevation 1,013 m (3,323 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.8 (62.2) | 22.2 (72.0) | 26.8 (80.2) | 33.8 (92.8) | 34.6 (94.3) | 36.4 (97.5) | 36.6 (97.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | 36.4 (97.5) | 28.7 (83.7) | 22.8 (73.0) | 17.9 (64.2) | 36.6 (97.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) | 6.9 (44.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 23.7 (74.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 27.1 (80.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 10.5 (50.9) | 4.8 (40.6) | 17.0 (62.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) | 0.7 (33.3) | 6.3 (43.3) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 16.8 (62.2) | 10.8 (51.4) | 4.4 (39.9) | −1.3 (29.7) | 10.9 (51.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) | −3.6 (25.5) | 1.5 (34.7) | 6.8 (44.2) | 11.2 (52.2) | 15.7 (60.3) | 18.6 (65.5) | 17.5 (63.5) | 12.9 (55.2) | 6.7 (44.1) | 0.1 (32.2) | −5.5 (22.1) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.7 (0.1) | −15.2 (4.6) | −10.6 (12.9) | −3.2 (26.2) | 0.6 (33.1) | 7.5 (45.5) | 12.6 (54.7) | 9.1 (48.4) | 2.9 (37.2) | −6.3 (20.7) | −14.1 (6.6) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −21.0 (−5.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.3 (0.29) | 9.3 (0.37) | 21.3 (0.84) | 36.2 (1.43) | 53.6 (2.11) | 73.1 (2.88) | 89.7 (3.53) | 108.9 (4.29) | 98.2 (3.87) | 51.9 (2.04) | 19.8 (0.78) | 4.6 (0.18) | 573.9 (22.61) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.6 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 5.8 | 3.2 | 96.2 |
| Average snowy days | 5.6 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 21.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 63 | 65 | 75 | 80 | 81 | 77 | 69 | 60 | 67 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 160.3 | 148.4 | 174.7 | 202.1 | 215.2 | 211.6 | 213.5 | 189.7 | 147.1 | 148.9 | 158.4 | 169.1 | 2,139 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 51 | 48 | 47 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 46 | 40 | 43 | 52 | 56 | 49 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

* China National Highway 211
# Keatley Surveying v Teranet

Keatley Surveying v Teranet is a judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada on issues of copyright, specifically Crown copyright, and intellectual property. It was released in September 2019.

## Synopsis

The appellant brought a motion in 2007 to certify a class action on behalf of all land surveyors in Ontario who registered or deposited plans of survey in the provincial land registry offices. It claimed that the respondent, who as agent of the Crown, trespassed on the copyright of the land surveyors who had generated the work. The appellant failed to convince the trial judge, failed to sway the Court of Appeal, and failed to persuade the SCC of the rightness of its cause. The judges were very concerned about the public interest, and the clear public character of the works.
   It is also important to note that this conclusion furthers the underlying purposes of Crown copyright. A key fact in this case is that registered and deposited plans of survey in the land registry system are intended to be relied upon by members of the public to determine property rights and obligations. It is for this very reason that the Crown decided to create a single, authoritative registry. These are precisely the types of works over which Crown copyright should subsist — those over which it is necessary for the Crown to guarantee authenticity, accuracy and integrity in the public interest.
The concurrence judgment, which begins at ¶92, hinged on the interpretation of section 12 of the Copyright Act.
   As to the plans of survey at issue in this case, it is clear that they are government works to which s. 12, properly interpreted, applies. They have a clear public character, as they define and illustrate the legal boundaries of land within the Province. This information is of the highest public importance, clarifying land ownership, and allowing landowners and users to govern their affairs accordingly. Therefore, the works serve a public purpose within the Province.
   Crown copyright in this information is of similar importance. People rely on the accuracy of survey plans for determining their interest in property and facilitating land transactions. The Crown has a strong interest in the integrity of the land registry system and in public access to accurate versions of surveys.
# Choa

Choa may refer to:
* CHOA-FM, a Canadian radio station
* CKSQ-FM, a Canadian radio station formerly CHOA
* Choa (singer) (Park Cho-a, born 1990), South Korean singer and actress
* Choa, a postos of Mozambique
* Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
* Choa Mountains, in Manica Province of Mozambique
# Châtillon-sur-Marne

Châtillon-sur-Marne (French pronunciation:, literally Châtillon on Marne) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
It lies in the valley of the Marne, surrounded by the Parc Naturel de la Montagne de Reims. It lies in the historic province of Champagne. The village stands above sloping vineyards and fields: Épernay, the principal entrepôt of the Champagne wines, is within walking distance.

## History

Here Pope Urban II, Eudes de Châtillon, whose uncle Guy de Roucy, bishop of Reims mentored his early career, was born in the family of the seigneurs of Châtillon, who inherited the lands and titles of Count of Blois when Hugues de Châtillon, comte de Saint Pol, married Marie the heiress of the counts of Blois in 1230. In 1391, the seigneury of Châtillon passed with the honors of Blois into the royal family of France.
Here also was born Reynald of Châtillon, called "Le Loup" (the Wolf) by Muslims, who went to the Holy Land on the Second Crusade and remained there for the rest of his life. In 1181 he raided the Red Sea, aiming to attack Mecca and Medina, and attacked again in 1183, forcing a counterattack from Saladin, who captured Jerusalem in 1187, setting the stage for the Third Crusade.
Many Gallo-Roman fortifications called castellionum have given rise to French places called Châtillon. The little fortress called Castellionum super Matronam commanded a strategic crossroads in the valley of the Marne and was repeatedly attacked and demolished and refortified, including during 1575. The modern village retains the traces of the densely built fortified village in the narrowness of its streets.
Within the commune there is a triumphal statue of Urban II. The statue is 9 metres tall with an interior spiral staircase, and stands on a drumlike socle that raises it to 25 metres. The project was suggested in 1862: land for it was donated and 30,000 francs were collected, including 3000 francs from Pope Leo XIII. The statue, which was erected from August 1879, is composed of eighty blocks of Kersanton granite executed by the sculptor Le Goff. The blocks were brought one at a time by ox-cart from Port-à-Binson. The statue was inaugurated July 21, 1887 by the papal nuncio and two dozen prelates, to a crowd of 20,000 in grandiose fêtes that lasted for three days. The 10-metre cross formerly in Urban's hands had been brought by pilgrims from the Holy Land and was carried on men's backs to its final position.
# Chinese Taipei at the 2002 Asian Games

Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) participated in the 2002 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea, from September 29 to October 14, 2002. Athletes from Taiwan won overall 52 medals (including 10 golds), and clinched eighth spot in the medal table.
# Chinese Taipei at the 2006 Winter Olympics

Chinese Taipei sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006. Although the nation is known as Taiwan or the Republic of China, the International Olympic Committee mandates that the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee flag and name is used, and not the flag of Taiwan, as per the Nagoya Resolution. This was Chinese Taipei's seventh time participating in the Winter Olympic Games. The Chinese Taipei delegation consisted of a single athlete, luger Ma Chih-hung. He finished 28th in the men's singles.

## Background

Following the Chinese Civil War, the Republic of China retained control of only Taiwan island and a few other minor islands. After international recognition shifted to the People's Republic of China in the 1970s and under the People's Republic's One China policy, the only way the Republic of China could participate in international organizations was under a name acceptable to the People's Republic. Nevertheless, the Republic of China was allowed to compete under that name at the 1972 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics. The Republic of China boycotted the Olympics in 1976 and 1980 after not being allowed to compete under the name "Republic of China" Chinese Taipei accepted the Nagoya Resolution in 1981 and first officially participated in the Olympics at the 1984 Winter Olympics. Chinese Taipei has sent delegations to every Winter Olympic Games since, making Turin their seventh appearance at a Winter Olympics. Their delegation to Turin consisted of a single competitor in luge, Ma Chih-hung. He was accompanied to Turin by coaches and teammates to act as logistical support. Ma was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony while a volunteer carried the flag for the closing ceremony.

## Luge

Ma Chih-hung was 20 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics, and was making his debut Olympic appearance. The men's singles was held on 11–12 February, with two runs contested on each day. On the first day, he posted times of 53.939 seconds and 53.605 seconds. At the close of the first day, he was in 31st place. The next day he posted run times of 53.977 seconds and 53.62 seconds. Although he did not finish in the top 30 in any individual run, his consistency across the four runs saw him end up with a total time of 3 minutes and 35.141 seconds, which placed him 28th overall. Ma would go on to represent Chinese Taipei again at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
| Athlete | Event | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 4 | Total | Rank |
| Ma Chih-hung | Men's singles | 53.939 | 53.605 | 53.977 | 53.620 | 3:35.141 | 28 |
# Chiquilla

"Chiquilla" is a song by A.B. Quintanilla Y Los Kumbia All Starz. It is the first single from their debut studio album Ayer Fue Kumbia Kings, Hoy Es Kumbia All Starz. "Chiquilla" reached #7 on "Hot Latin Tracks", #9 on "Latin Regional Mexican Airplay", #26 on "Latin Pop Airplay" and #31 on "Latin Tropical Airplay".

## Track listing

* Digital download
* "Chiquilla" – 3:20

## Versions

* "Chiquilla (Single Version)" – 3:20
* "Chiquilla (Album Version)" – 3:30
* "Chiquilla (Salsa Version)" – 3:59
* "Chiquilla (Bachata Version)" – 3:08
* "Chiquilla (Portuguese Version)" – 3:22

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Songs | 7 |
| U.S. Billboard Latin Regional Mexican | 9 |
| U.S. Billboard Latin Pop Songs | 26 |
# Cimberis pilosa

Cimberis pilosa is a species of pine flower snout beetle in the family Nemonychidae. It is found in North America.
# Cimberis turbans

Cimberis turbans is a species of pine flower snout beetle in the family Nemonychidae. It is found in North America.
# Choiromyces aboriginum

Choiromyces aboriginum is a species of truffle-like fungi in genus Choiromyces, which is part of the Tuberaceae family. It is found in several regions in Australia, where it has been used as a food and as a source of water.

## Distribution

This fungus is found in the dry areas of South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

## Uses

In Australia, it has been used as traditional native food and has also been used as a source of water. The fruiting bodies were eaten raw or cooked and Kalotas reported one experience, as follows: "They were cooked in hot sand and ashes for over an hour, and then eaten. They had a rather soft consistency (a texture akin to that of soft, camembert-like cheese) and a bland taste. Cooked specimens left for 24 hours and then reheated developed a flavour like that of baked cheese."
# Choirs of the Eye

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Choirs of the Eye is the debut studio album by American avant-garde metal band Kayo Dot, released on Tzadik Records in 2003. It was released shortly after the breakup of maudlin of the Well, with the band consisting of several members from the former band as well as guest performers who are friends of band members. The album is titled after a lyric from the maudlin of the Well song "Blight of River-Systems", on My Fruit Psychobells...A Seed Combustible. SputnikMusic voted it as one of the best metal albums of the 2000s. The group performed the entire album in 2010 to two sold out nights in Brooklyn, New York.

## Style

Choirs of the Eye blends aspects of experimental metal, post-rock, art rock, jazz, and modern composition, with long, predominantly instrumental, through-composed songs. Additionally, the album continues maudlin of the Well's unorthodox fusion of common metal and rock instrumentation with woodwinds, brass, and strings, with the intention of helping the electric guitar, drum kit, and electric bass to become part of the lexicon of modern classical music. These features helped entice John Zorn to sign the band and distribute the album on his Tzadik label as the first full band in its 'Composer Series'.

## Lyrics

The lyrics were written by Jason Byron, longtime collaborator of band leader and main composer Toby Driver, who also wrote for maudlin of the Well. Byron would listen to the instrumental compositions and match lyrics accordingly, which were usually written previously and independently. In some cases, entire stanzas were unable to fit in the song structures, which led to some instances of alternative sound creation and recording methods; the song "The Antique," for example, features a sound recording of an antique Polaroid camera as it snaps a photo of an unused lyric stanza, thereby making the camera 'speak' the unused words. The lyrics are not published in the album's liner notes.

## Track listing

All songs written by Toby Driver. All lyrics written by Jason Byron.

## Credits

* Toby Driver – vocals, guitar, cello, double bass, bells, synthesizer, tuba
* Greg Massi – vocals, electric guitar
* Nicholas Kyte – vocals, bass guitar
* Sam Gutterman – vocals, drums, percussion
* Terran Olson – flute, clarinet, alto saxophone, grand piano, Hammond organ, Rhodes piano
* Sam Minnich – French horn
* Benjie Messer – trombone
* Todd Neece – recitation
* Mia Matsumiya – violin, viola
* Alex Nagle – electric guitar
* Adam Scott – trumpet
* Jason Byron – lyrics