OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assortative mixing

In the study of complex networks, assortative mixing, or assortativity, is a bias in favor of connections between network nodes with similar characteristics. In the specific case of social networks, assortative mixing is also known as homophily. The rarer disassortative mixing is a bias in favor of connections between dissimilar nodes.
In social networks, for example, individuals commonly choose to associate with others of similar age, nationality, location, race, income, educational level, religion, or language as themselves. In networks of sexual contact, the same biases are observed, but mixing is also disassortative by gender – most partnerships are between individuals of opposite sex.
Assortative mixing can have effects, for example, on the spread of disease: if individuals have contact primarily with other members of the same population groups, then diseases will spread primarily within those groups. Many diseases are indeed known to have differing prevalence in different population groups, although other social and behavioral factors affect disease prevalence as well, including variations in quality of health care and differing social norms.
Assortative mixing is also observed in other (non-social) types of networks, including biochemical networks in the cell, computer and information networks, and others.
Of particular interest is the phenomenon of assortative mixing by degree, meaning the tendency of nodes with high degree to connect to others with high degree, and similarly for low degree. Because degree is itself a topological property of networks, this type of assortative mixing gives rise to more complex structural effects than other types. Empirically it has been observed that most social networks mix assortatively by degree, but most networks of other types mix disassortatively, although there are exceptions.
# Acentrella hyaloptera

Acentrella hyaloptera is a species of small minnow mayfly in the family Baetidae.
# Barbara Tuck

Barbara Tuck (born 1943) is a New Zealand artist. Her works are held in the collections of the Auckland Art Gallery and the Te Papa.

## Early life

Barbara Tuck was born in 1943 in Hamilton.

## Education

Barbara Tuck graduated from Elam School of Fine Arts in the mid-1960s.
After completing her degree, Tuck put her practice on hold to have children in the late 1960s.

## Career

Tuck has exhibited widely within New Zealand, including:
* Double Doors: an Artist in Focus exhibition at Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki in August 1983, in collaboration with Gillian Chaplin. By chance, the two artists discovered they were both making small boxes as a framework for sculptural assemblages. Previously Chaplin had concentrated on photography and Tuck on painting, but in this departure from their usual fields of work they found common ground and began work on a shared installation. About twenty small boxes were treated by each artist, and for the installation they were alternated on a long narrow table. Chairs placed around the outside encouraged people to take their time in contemplating the works. The works referenced the Surrealists, in particular the boxes of Joseph Cornell, but with a more feminine viewpoint.
* Surface Tension: Ten Artists in the ‘90s exhibition at Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki in 1992, curated by Tina Barton.
* Necessary Distraction featuring 100 works by 20 artists at the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki from November 2015 - March 2016, curated by Natasha Conland.
* In the Vast Emptiness at Christchurch Art Gallery in 2016.
# Fernando González de la Cuesta

Fernando González de la Cuesta (died 1561) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop-Elect of La Plata o Charcas (1561).

## Biography

On 25 Jun 1561, Fernando González de la Cuesta was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius IV as Bishop of La Plata o Charcas. He died before his consecration as Bishop-Elect of La Plata o Charcas until his death on 24 Sep 1561.
# Feindouno

Feindouno is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Feindouno (born 1983), Guinean footballer
* Pascal Feindouno (born 1981), Guinean footballer
* Simon Feindouno (born 1985), French-Guinean footballer
# Samuel Yates (storekeeper)

Samuel Yates (1829 – 14 September 1900) was an English-born New Zealander, who was a storekeeper, farmer and businessman in the far north of New Zealand in the later part of the 19th century. His land holdings were so extensive, he was known as the "King of the North".

## Early life

Samuel Yates was born in London, England in 1829 to Saul Yates, a Jewish solicitor, and his wife, Sarah Isaacs. Yates was educated in Liverpool, where his paternal grandfather had been the minister of the first Jewish congregation there, and also Paris. In his later years, he alleged that he met Emperor Louis Napoleon during his time in Paris and acquired his autograph.

## Commercial activity

Yates came to New Zealand, where he had family, in 1852 with his father. Expected to pursue a legal career he instead opened a store at Mangonui, on the Northland Peninsula. In the early 1860s, he moved further north, to Pārengarenga Harbour. Originally envisaging a short stay for a holiday, the area was to his liking and he opened a second store there. He became a prominent resident, building a large homestead at Paua, on the southern side of Pārengarenga Harbour. He was the only trader in the area for a number of years and was apparently well respected. He had a monopoly on the Kauri gum trade up until the late 1870s when a competitor set up at Te Kao.
In December 1880, Yates married Ngāwini Murray, also known as Annie; his wife was part-Māori, was from Pukepoto, near Kaitaia, and was well connected to the Te Rarawa and Te Aupōuri iwi (tribe) through her mother, Kateraina Te Kone. It was a fortuitous marriage; through his wife's relationships with her iwi, Yates purchased or leased a significant amount of land across the northern part of the Aupouri Peninsula. His holdings eventually ran from Te Kao to North Cape and across to the coast on the western side of the peninsula. This area, a total of about 150,000 acres, became known as Te Paki station. He was able to finance his acquisitions through his connections to the finance sector in Auckland.
Much of the acquired land was converted to pasture, on which livestock, in the form of cattle, sheep and horses, was stocked. Cottages for farmer workers were erected, along with other sheds and structures. A jetty was built to allow goods and livestock to be loaded onto ships for transportation south to Auckland. His business interests and the size of his property were such that he became known as the "King of the North".

## Later life

As Yates aged, he left more of the running of Te Paki to his wife, who was several years his junior. By September 1900, his health was in decline and he decided to leave Pārengarenga for Auckland so that when he died, he could be interred in the Jewish section of the Symonds Street Cemetery. Sailing aboard the Paeroa, he died on 14 September 1900; the ship had only just departed Pārengarenga. He was survived by his wife, who oversaw his burial in Auckland, and the couple's eight children. Ngāwini Yates continued to run Te Paki station until her own death in 1910.
# Feng Bin

Feng Bin (simplified Chinese: 冯彬; traditional Chinese: 馮彬; pinyin: Féng Bīn, born 3 April 1994) is a Chinese track and field athlete who competes in the discus throw. She won the silver medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Her personal best is 69.12 m (226 ft 9+1⁄4 in), set in 2022 World Athletics Championships to win the world title. She was the 2016 winner of the Chinese Athletics Championships.
She began discus throwing in her early teens and competed at the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2011, placing fourth. Feng broke through at senior level with a gold medal win at the 2015 Military World Games in a personal best of 62.07 m. At the 2016 Summer Olympics she was one of three Chinese throwers to make the discus final, alongside medallist Su Xinyue and Chen Yang.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2011 | World Youth Championships | Lille, France | 4th | Discus throw | 51.25 m |
| 2015 | Military World Games | Mungyeong, South Korea | 1st | Discus throw | 62.07 m |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 8th | Discus throw | 63.06 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 8th | Discus throw | 61.56 m |
| 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 2nd | Discus throw | 64.25 m |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Doha, Qatar | 1st | Discus throw | 65.36 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 5th | Discus throw | 62.48 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 17th (q) | Discus throw | 60.45 m |
| 2022 | World Championships | Eugene, Oregon, United States | 1st | Discus throw | 69.12 m |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 1st | Discus throw | 66.42 m |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 3rd | Discus throw | 68.20 m |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 1st | Discus throw | 67.93 m |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 2nd | Discus throw | 67.51 m |
# Feng Bingcheng

Feng Bingcheng (冯秉诚) is a Chinese-born American pastor based in Wisconsin. He is best known for his book Youzi Yin (游子吟; 'Song of a Wanderer') written under the pen name Li Cheng (里程). The book is largely autobiographical, expressing Feng's personal testimony as a science post-graduate student and former atheist. The book was originally published in Chinese by the American Chinese Christian group Ambassadors for Christ (AFC) founded in 1969 by Moses Chow and based since 1974 in Paradise, PA. The 8th edition (2010) claimed that 780,000 copies had been distributed - making it one of the most widely read modern Chinese American Christian books. The book was translated into English as Song of a Wanderer - Beckoned by Eternity in 2002.
# San Dalmazzo, Turin

San Dalmazzo is a Roman Catholic church on via Garibaldi, in central Turin, region of Piedmont, Italy. It is dedicated to Saint Dalmatius of Pavia.

## History

A church on the site is documented from the 11th century, but the present church was reconstructed in 1702. In 1885 the interior was redecorated in neo-gothic style. Adjacent to the church is the former convent and school of the Barnabite order. From 1271 to 1606, the church had been linked to the Order of Canons Regular of Sant'Antonio of Vienne, but then was transferred along with the convent to the Barnabites.
The nave was painted by Enrico Reffo in 1895–1916. The interior also contains 18th century canvases and an antique baptismal font.
Between 1629 and 1631 the chapel of the Madonna of Loreto was built, imitating the Casa Santa (Holy House), which contains an icon related to Marian Apparitions.
In 1271 the church was entrusted to the Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony, that supported it until 1606, when passed, with the joined convent, to Barnabites. Since May 2016 the rector is father Emiliano Redaelli.
# Fenelon, Nevada

Fenelon is an extinct town in Elko County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.

## History

The name "Fenelon" was assigned by railroad officials. A variant name was "Otego". Fenelon had ten inhabitants in 1941.
# Fenella nigrita

Fenella nigrita is a Palearctic species of sawfly.
# San Bartolomeo, Benevento

San Bartolomeo Apostolo is a Catholic basilica located in piazza Federico Torre, along corso Garibaldi, in Benevento, region of Campania, Italy.

## History

A church of the same name is documented in Benevento since the 9th century, putatively holding the relics of the apostle. This prior church at the site was razed by an earthquake in 1688, and the present church was moved here and designed by either Filippo Raguzzini or Nicolò Coscia, and was reconsecrated by Pope Benedict XIII in 1729.
# San Bartolomeo

San Bartolomeo may refer to:

## Places in Italy

* San Bartolomeo al Mare
* San Bartolomeo in Galdo
* San Bartolomeo Val Cavargna

## Churches in Italy

* Santi Bartolomeo e Gaetano, Bologna
* San Bartolomeo in Pantano, Pistoia
* San Bartolomeo all'Isola, Rome
* San Bartolomeo, Venice
* Church of San Bartolomeo (Barberino Val d'Elsa), Barberino Val d'Elsa
# Fetendo

Fetendo or Fetal Endoscopic surgery is a form of fetal intervention in the treatment of birth defects and other fetal problems. The procedure uses real-time video imagery from fetoscopy and ultrasonography to guide very small surgical instruments into the uterus in order to surgically help the fetus. The name Fetendo was adopted for the procedure because of how the video-based manipulation recalls a video game.

## Overview

Fetendo intervention is less invasive than open fetal surgery. It can be often be achieved with just a small guided wire sent through a needle-puncture of the skin (percutaneous), though in some cases it may require that a small opening be made in the mother's abdomen.
The fact that it is less invasive reduces the mother's postoperative recovery and lessens the troubles with preterm labor.
Fetendo has proven to be very useful for some, but not all, fetal conditions. Some examples include:
* Twin-twin transfusion syndrome - laser ablation of vessels
* Fetal bladder obstructions
* Aortic or pulmonary valvuloplasty - opening the aortic or pulmonary fetal heart valves to allow blood flow
* Atrial septostomy - opening the inter-atrial septum of the fetal heart to allow unrestricted blood flow between the atria
* Congenital diaphragmatic hernia - balloon tracheal occlusion
# Samuel H. Smith

Samuel H. Smith may refer to:
* Samuel H. Smith (educator) (born 1940), president of Washington State University, 1985–2000
* Samuel H. Smith (Latter Day Saints) (1808–44), Book of Mormon witness, missionary, and brother of Joseph Smith, Jr.
* Samuel H. Smith (politician) (born 1955), member of Pennsylvania House of Representatives
* Samuel Harrison Smith (printer), American journalist and newspaper publisher, founded the National Intelligencer
# Fermanagh and Tyrone (Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies)

Fermanagh and Tyrone are two of the six counties comprising Northern Ireland.
County Fermanagh and County Tyrone were represented in the Northern Ireland House of Commons 1921–1973. This article deals with the Fermanagh and Tyrone County constituencies. See also the List of Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies 1921-1973.

## Boundaries

1921-1929: County Fermanagh and County Tyrone were combined as an eight-member constituency, electing MPs using the single transferable vote method of proportional representation. There was a two-member UK Parliament constituency of Fermanagh and Tyrone, 1922–1950, with the same boundaries.
1929-1973: The area was divided into eight single member divisions, electing MPs using the first past the post electoral system. Three seats were in Fermanagh and five in Tyrone. From north to south the divisions were:-
* Tyrone North.
* Tyrone Mid.
* Tyrone East.
* Tyrone West.
* Fermanagh Enniskillen.
* Tyrone South.
* Fermanagh South.
* Fermanagh Lisnaskea.

## Summary of Representation of Constituencies

Key to Parties: AP Anti-Partitionist, N Nationalist, SF Sinn Féin, U Ulster Unionist.
* 1921-1925 U 4, SF 3, N 1 (1st Parliament)
* 1925-1953 U 4, N 4 (2nd-7th Parliaments)
* 1953-1958 U 4, N 3, AP 1 (8th Parliament)
* 1958-1962 U 5, N 3 (9th Parliament)
* 1962-1973 U 4, N 4 (10th-12th Parliaments)

## Members of Parliament

In this list the multi member constituency (1921–29) is referred to as FERMANAGH and TYRONE.

## Dáil Éireann

In 1921 Sinn Féin decided to use the UK authorised elections for the Northern Ireland House of Commons and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland as a poll for the Irish Republic's Second Dáil. This area, in republican theory, was incorporated in a five-member Dáil constituency of Fermanagh and Tyrone.

## Sources

* Northern Ireland Parliamentary Election Results 1921-1972, compiled and edited by Sydney Elliott (Political Reference Publications 1973)
* For the exact definition of constituency boundaries see http://www.election.demon.co.uk/stormont/boundaries.html
# Fiachra Ó Ceallaigh

Fiachra Ó Ceallaigh, O.F.M. (18 August 1933, Lissycasey, Ireland – 29 July 2018, Dublin, Ireland) was an Irish Roman Catholic bishop. On 17 September 2009, he retired as an Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Dublin.

## Life

Ó Ceallaigh trained at the Franciscan Novitiate in Killarney. He studied Irish and Celtic studies at UCG, and also gained a Higher Diploma in Education. He also studied in Louvain and in Rome. He was ordained a priest in Rome on 2 July 1961 in the Order of Friars Minor. He was appointed to Gormanstown College. He studied for a Social Science degree in UCD, and a Masters in Queens University Belfast. His father Seán Ó Ceallaigh was elected a Fianna Fail TD for County Clare in a by-election 1959.
He was appointed an Auxiliary Bishop of Dublin, and, at the same time, Titular Bishop of Tres Tabernae by Pope John Paul II on 7 June 1994, at the age of 61. Prior to his appointment as bishop, he had been provincial of the Franciscan Order in Ireland and was the first Franciscan to become a bishop in Ireland for over 170 years. Bishop Ó Ceallaigh served the Irish Bishops' Conference as a member of its Department of Worship, Pastoral Renewal and Faith Development, as Chairman of the Irish Language Commission, and as a member of the Commission for Religious and the Commission on Pastoral Liturgy.
As an Auxiliary Bishop, he assisted Archbishops of Dublin Desmond Connell and Diarmuid Martin in the governance of the diocese. Bishop Ó Ceallaigh sent his letter of resignation at the age of 75 as he is required to do. Pope Benedict XVI accepted his letter of resignation on 17 September 2009 but did not name another auxiliary bishop to replace Ó Ceallaigh.
Upon his resignation being accepted Archbishop Martin said: "Bishop Fiachra’s warmth and particular personal qualities enriched our work. I, the priests, and no doubt the people of Rialto and his episcopal area are at one in praying that he find enjoyment in his retirement." He said Bishop Ó Ceallaigh, "particularly as he struggled with illness in recent years, was an outstanding witness to the motto he took on his episcopal appointment, Dia Ár Misneach (God is our courage)".
# Fiacre (carriage)

| Le fiacre by Édouard Manet (1878) | Title page of Gustave Pick's "Fiakerlied" |
A fiacre is a form of hackney coach, a horse-drawn four-wheeled carriage for hire. In Vienna such cabs are called Fiaker.

## Origin

The earliest use of the word in English is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as from 1699 ("Fiacres or Hackneys, hung with Double Springs"). The name is derived indirectly from Saint Fiacre; the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris rented carriages from about the middle of the seventeenth century. Saint Fiacre was adopted as the cab drivers' patron saint because of the association of his name with the carriage.

## In Paris

In 1645, Nicholas Sauvage, a coachbuilder from Amiens, decided to set up a business in Paris hiring out horses and carriages by the hour. He established himself in the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre and hired out his four-seater carriages at a rate of 10 sous an hour. Within twenty years, Sauvage's idea had developed into the first citywide public transport system: les carosses à 5 sous ("5-sou carriages"). These 8-seater carriages, forerunners of the modern bus, were put into service on five "lines" between May and July 1662, but had disappeared from the streets of Paris by 1679, almost certainly because of the spiralling cost of fares.
Although the public transport system had suffered a temporary demise, private hirers were quick to fill the gaps with carriages including the "vinaigrette", a two-wheeled chair powered and guided by two people; the cabriolet, a dangerous two-wheeled buggy pulled by a single horse; and the more traditional four-wheeled fiacres. By the time of the Revolution there were more than 800 fiacres operating in Paris.
In 1855, Napoléon III instigated a monopoly control of the fiacres of Paris via the Compagnie Impériale des Voitures à Paris (CIV), which by 1860 operated 3,830 fiacres and owned 8,000 horses; in this year the CIV carried over 10 million passengers. Fiacre drivers earned about three francs a day, plus two francs in tips. In 1866 the CIV lost its monopoly status and became a Société Anonyme. It began to use motorized vehicles in 1898 but was still operating 3500 horse-drawn vehicles in 1911.
In the 1890s the Parisian music-hall singer Yvette Guilbert introduced a popular song, Le fiacre, in which an aged husband sees his wife in a fiacre with her lover.

## In Vienna

In Vienna such cabs are called Fiaker. They featured in popular music, such as Gustav Pick's song, the "Fiakerlied". Fiaker and their drivers also featured in operas of Johann Strauss II and in Richard Strauss's opera Arabella (where the second act takes place at the fiaker-drivers' ball).

## Today

Fiacres still survive in Vienna and other European travel centres as tourist attractions.
# Fernando Brandán

Fernando Brandán may refer to:
* Fernando Brandán (footballer, born 1980), Argentine footballer
* Fernando Brandán (footballer, born 1990), Argentine footballer
# Samuel Sidney

Samuel Sidney was the pseudonym of Samuel Solomon (6 February 1813 – 8 June 1883), an English writer who treated the widely varied fields of agriculture and animal husbandry, railways, and emigration to Australia.

## Life

Sidney was the son of Abraham Solomon, M.D. of Birmingham. He had a brother, John, born 1821. Although he studied law and practiced for a short while in Liverpool, he soon turned to writing.

### Australia

Sidney's output on the subject of Australia was probably occasioned by his brother John's experiences there from around 1838 to 1843. The brothers' Australian Hand-Book sold around 7,000 copies. Sidney's 1852 book The Three Colonies of Australia sold 5,000 copies in its first year, and also had German and American editions. These were very good sales for the time. In addition to books, Sidney edited and published Sidney's Emigrants Journal and later the monthly Sidney's Emigrant's Journal and Traveller's Magazine. Sidney's Three Colonies of Australia is praised for impressive documentation and for "finely pointed and graceful" writing.

### Domestic matters

On domestic matters Sidney first wrote about the question of railroad gauges and their consequences to agriculture and the economy. He wrote a series in the Live Stock Journal titled "Horse Chat", which foretold of his growing expertise in the area, culminating in his 1873 Book of the Horse. His edit and rewriting of The Pig, a classic in animal husbandry by William Charles Linnaeus Martin, was praised.

### Other positions

Aside from authorship, Sidney was Assistant commissioner of the Great Exhibition, and Assistant Secretary of the Crystal Palace Company.
He died in 1883 and was buried on the west side of Highgate Cemetery.

## Works

* Gauge Evidence (1846)
* The Double Gauge Railway System (1847)
* A Voice from the Far Interior of Australia (1847) (co-authored with his brother, originally under the pseudonym "A Bushman")
* Sidney's Australian Hand-Book (1848) (co-authored with his brother)
* The Commercial Consequences of a Mixed Gauge (1848)
* Railways and Agriculture in North Lincolnshire (1848)
* Rides on Railways (1851)
* The Three Colonies of Australia (1852)
* Gallops and Gossips in the Bush of Australia (1854) (novel)
* The Book of the Horse (1873)
# Fieldwork (disambiguation)

Field work or Fieldwork may refer to:
* Field work (scientific method)
* Field fortifications
* Fieldwork novel by American journalist Mischa Berlinski
* Field Work, poetry collection by Seamus Heaney
# Sancakdere, Düzce

Sancakdere is a village in the Düzce District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 128 (2022).