OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Viscount Wolseley

Viscount Wolseley, of Wolseley in the County of Stafford, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom created in 1885 for the Anglo-Irish military commander Garnet Wolseley, 1st Baron Wolseley. It became extinct upon the death of his daughter, Frances Garnet Wolseley, in 1936.

## History

The Wolseleys were an ancient landed family in Wolseley, Staffordshire, whose roots can be traced back a thousand years, before becoming prominent in Ireland. Two baronetcies were created for Wolseley family, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of Ireland. Viscount Wolseley's paternal grandfather was Rev. William Wolseley, Rector of Tullycorbet, and the third son of Sir Richard Wolseley, 1st Baronet, who sat in the Irish House of Commons for Carlow. The family seat was Mount Wolseley in County Carlow.
Wolseley had already been created Baron Wolseley, of Cairo and of Wolseley in the County of Stafford, on 25 November 1882, with normal remainder to the heirs male of his body. He was created a viscount in 1885, with remainder, in default of male issue, to his daughter and only child, Frances, and the heirs male of her body.
Wolseley rose to the position of Field Marshal, the highest executive position in the British Army, then Commander-in-Chief of the Forces for a period of six years from 1895.

## Extinction

On Lord Wolseley's death the barony became extinct and he was succeeded in the viscountcy, according to the special remainder, by his daughter, Frances, author of Gardens – Their Form and Design (1919). Viscountess Wolseley never married and upon her death in 1936 the viscountcy became extinct.

## Barons Wolseley (1882)

* Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Baron Wolseley (1833–1913), created viscount in 1885

## Viscounts Wolseley (1885)

* Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (1833–1913)
* Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley (1872–1936)
# Heiligenberg (disambiguation)

Heiligenberg is a municipality and a village in the Bodensee district, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Heiligenberg may also refer to:

## Places
### Austria

* Heiligenberg, Austria in Upper Austria

### Czech Republic

* Svatý Kopeček (German: Heiligenberg), a part of Olomouc

### France

* Heiligenberg, Bas-Rhin, Alsace

### Germany

* Heiligenberg bei Naumburg, part of the city of Naumburg, Hesse
* Heiligenberg bei Schönau, village in the district of Schönau in Rottal-Inn, Bavaria
* Heiligenberg bei Bruchhausen-Vilsen, village in the district of Bruchhausen-Vilsen in Diepholz, Lower Saxony
* Heiligenberg bei Hochspeyer, village in the district of Hochspeyer in Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate

## Geographic areas

* Heiligenberg (Heidelberg), a mountain in the Odenwald near Heidelberg
* Heiligenberg (Naumburg), a mountain in the Kassel district of Hesse
* Heiligenberg, a mountain in Seeheim-Jugenheim in Darmstadt-Dieburg, Hesse
* Heiligenberg, a hill near Felsberg in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse, see Heiligenburg Castle
* Heiligenberg, a mountain in Hochspeyer in Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate

## Castles and palaces

* Schloss Heiligenberg, Hesse near Seeheim-Jugenheim in Darmstadt-Dieburg, Hesse
* Heiligenburg Castle or Heiligenberg Castle, a castle ruin on Heiligenberg near Felsberg in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse
* Schloss Heiligenberg, Baden-Württemberg in Heiligenberg, Baden-Württemberg
* Heiligenberg (Leusden), an estate and former monastery in the Netherlands

## People

* Walter Heiligenberg (1938–1994), German biologist
# Dangerous proximity doctrine

The dangerous proximity doctrine is an American standard for distinguishing between preparation and attempt in a criminal case.$^{:683}$ Under this standard, evidence that preparatory acts are an actual attempt is considered to be stronger if the offense is more probable and more grave or serious; if the defendant is nearer to completing the intended crime; and if the defendant's acts are likely to lead to the commission of the crime.$^{:683}$ However, the standard is not a clear bright line.

## History

The standard was advocated by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr while he was on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.$^{:683}$ While he did not use the exact phrase, Commonwealth v. Kennedy contains perhaps the earliest outline of the factors considered under the doctrine; the same factors were later used in deciding Commonwealth v. Peaslee. Justice Holmes continued to advocate for the test in his time on the United States Supreme Court, including in his dissent Hyde & Schneider v. United States, which has been cited to establish the doctrine under New York law.
The test has also been influential as a principle in the development of parts of the Model Penal Code. However, the Model Penal Code's drafters ultimately chose the broader substantial step doctrine. The dangerous proximity doctrine has significant similarities with the physical proximity doctrine, however, the dangerous proximity doctrine is slightly broader in that it does not require the defendant to be physically near the site of the intended crime.
# Hollis Godfrey

Hollis Godfrey (1874 – January 17, 1936) was an American writer, teacher, engineering consultant, and president of the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry.

## Early life and education

Hollis Godfrey was born in 1874 in Lynn, Massachusetts. He was educated at Tufts College and Harvard University, receiving degrees in engineering. He went on to earn his Ph.D. in engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889. After graduation Godfrey stayed on to teach at his alma mater, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1906 to 1910 Godfrey was the administrator of scientific studies at the Girl's High School of Practical Arts in Boston.

## Writing career

While employed at the School of Practical Arts in Boston Godfrey published several literary works. These works include the "ingenious scientific novel" The Man Who Ended War in 1908 and Elementary Chemistry in 1909. Published after Elementary Chemistry Godfrey started the series "Young Captains of Industry" the first book, For The Norton Name, being printed in 1909. His article "The Air of the City," was selected for admission into the Hodgkins Library of Atmospheric Air.

## Drexel Institute

Sometime after moving to Philadelphia Godfrey was commissioned to survey the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry's facility. The original intent of the survey was possibly to see if the Institute would be appropriate for the "training [of] city employees." As a result of his survey he recommended that the institute be restructured internally. He was then offered the presidency of the Institute by the board of trustees and assumed office on December 1, 1913. During his presidency, per his survey, Godfrey reorganized the Institute by consolidating departments, creating three schools, and standardizing the programs of study into two- and four-year programs. In January 1919 Godfrey developed the cooperative educational system in the School of Engineering. Godfrey resigned on October 1, 1921.

## Advisory commission and later life

In 1916, during his tenure at Drexel, Godfrey was selected by President Woodrow Wilson to be an advisory member for the Council of National Defense, an organization formed to coordinate resources and industry for national security. Godfrey served in that capacity, advising in the area of engineering and education, from 1916 to 1918. In his last year at Drexel he established the Council of Management Education in Boston in March 1920, following his resignation at Drexel he became chairman of the council. He later went on to be president of the Engineering-Economics Foundation. He died on January 17, 1936.
# Astrothelium stromatofluorescens

Astrothelium stromatofluorescens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is only known to occur in a few locations in Brazil and Bolivia.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho (Porto Velho, Rondônia), where it was found growing on tree bark in a primary rainforest. The species epithet stromatofluorescens refers to the fluorescent properties of its pseudostromata.

## Description

The lichen has a smooth, somewhat shiny, pale ochraceous-green thallus with a cortex surrounded by a thin (0.2 mm) black prothallus line. The ascomata are spherical, measuring 0.2–0.5 mm in diameter, and arranged in groups of 7 to 50 in pseudostromata (a stroma in which fungal cells and bits of host tissue are mixed). The ascospores, which number eight per ascus, are hyaline, spindle-shaped (fusiform) with rounded edges, and measure 20–23 by 7–9 μm. The spores have 3 transverse septa that form diamond-shaped cavities (lumina), and are ensheathed in a gelatinous layer up to 6 μm thick.
The pseudostromata contain lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes these structures to fluoresce a yellow colour when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. A similar species, Astrothelium phlyctaena, is distinguished by having lichexanthone in both the pseudostromata and the thallus.

## Habitat and distribution

Astrothelium stromatofluorescens is only known to occur in Brazil and Bolivia. In addition to the type locality in Rondônia, it has also been recorded in Amazonas. In Bolivia, it was found in the Ríos Blanco y Negro Wildlife Reserve (Santa Cruz).
# John Stevens (crime reporter)

John Stevens (1929 – 12 January 2016) was a crime reporter for the London Evening Standard who was known for his close contacts with Scotland Yard.
# Thurrock (disambiguation)

Thurrock is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Essex, England.
Thurrock may also refer to:
* Thurrock Council, the local authority of Thurrock
* Thurrock (UK Parliament constituency)
* Thurrock Urban District, a former district from 1936 to 1974
* Thurrock F.C., a football club in Thurrock
# Art (magazine)

Art – Das Kunstmagazin is a monthly art magazine founded by Wolf Uecker and first published by Gruner + Jahr in 1979. Its original editor-in-chief, Axel Hecht, was replaced by Tim Sommer in 2005. The magazine features both new and established contemporary artists across all disciplines (including painting, sculpture, design, and video art) as well as reports on exhibitions and projects.
In 2001, Art assimilated the Swiss monthly art magazine Artis – Zeitschrift für neue Kunst (ISSN 0004-3842), which had been published by Hallwag, Bern and Stuttgart-Ostfildern since 1950.
# Agvald Gjelsvik

Agvald Gjelsvik (14 August 1907 – 14 April 1976) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Labour Party.

## Personal life

He was born in Tvedestrand as a son of teacher Andreas Gjelsvik (1863–1938) and Brita Bolstad (1872–1953). He was a nephew of Nikolaus Gjelsvik. In 1934 he married teacher Aase Hermansen.

## Career

He finished his secondary education in Arendal in 1926, and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.real. degree in 1933—specializing in astronomy. In the same year he was hired as a teacher at Orkdal District Gymnasium. When Vinstra District Gymnasium was established in 1946, Gjelsvik became its first principal. From 1969 to his retirement in 1975 he was the principal of Stabekk Upper Secondary School.
In 1958 he was named as a member of the national Council of Teaching, which among others was responsible for final examinations in the upper secondary school. He was promoted to chairman in 1962, and when the council was superseded by the Council of Gymnasiums in 1965, Gjelsvik continued as chairman until 1969. From 1963 to 1967 he led the Gjelsvik Committee that shaped the "reform gymnasium" in Norway, removing the former rigid division into science or philological courses. Gjelsvik also chaired the State Textbook Council from 1970, where he had become a member in 1962. He wrote textbooks himself in projective drawing (1946), mathematical geography (1954) and astronomy (1963), and translated other textbooks into Nynorsk.
Gjelsvik served in Nord-Fron municipal council from 1956 to 1960 and Oppland county school board from 1960 to 1964. He was a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oppland during the term 1965–1969, but did not meet in parliamentary session. He was a board member of Norsk Lektorlag from 1945 to 1950, and in 1968 he was named as deputy chairman of the Broadcasting Council. He died in October 1976 in Bærum.
# 3040

3040 may refer to:
* 3040, a number in the 3000 (number) range
* A.D. 3040, a year of the 4th millennium CE
* 3040 BC, a year in the 4th millennium BCE

## Roads numbered 3040

* Hawaii Route 3040, a state highway
* Louisiana Highway 3040, a state highway
* Texas Farm to Market Road 3040, a state highway
* A3040 road (Great Britain)

## Other uses

* 3040 Kozai, a near-Mars asteroid, the 3040th asteroid registered
* Commodore 3040, a floppy drive unit
* 3040th Aircraft Storage Group of the U.S. Air Force
# Dafne Fernández

Dafne Fernández Fernández (born 31 March 1985) is a Spanish actress and dancer.

## Career

Born in Madrid on 31 March 1985, Dafne Fernández made her feature film debut in Malena Is a Name from a Tango (1996). She became famous for playing Marta Ramos in the Spanish TV series Un paso adelante, along with actors like Mónica Cruz, Beatriz Luengo, Pablo Puyol, Silvia Marty and Lola Herrera. She studied dance and dramatic art, worked in the Fama musical, was the presenter of the XXI Goya Awards (2007) and also appeared in Naím Thomas's "Caliente" videoclip.
In 2017 she played Blanca in Perfect Strangers, directed by Álex de la Iglesia. In 2018 she appeared in the third season of MasterChef Celebrity. She was the third contestant to be eliminated.
She dubbed Beladga alongside Michelle Jenner, who dubbed Aloy, in the PS4 video game Horizon: Zero Dawn (2017).

## Personal life

On 2 September 2017 she married the photographer Mario Chavarría. They have one son, Jon, born on 30 August 2018, and one daughter, Alex, born on 9 December 2020.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1996 | Canguros | Niña | 1 episode |
| 1996 | Malena es un nombre de tango | Malena niña | |
| 1997 | Pajarico | Fuensanta | |
| 1998 | Resultado final | María José niña | |
| 1999 | Entre las piernas | Celia | |
| 1999 | Goya en Burdeos | Rosario | |
| 2000 | Paraíso | Irene | 1 episode |
| 2000 | El otro barrio | | |
| 2001 | Hombres felices | Hada | |
| 2001 | Juego de Luna (Luna's Game) | Luna (age 14) | |
| 2002 | La caja 507 | María Pardo Muñoz | |
| 2002/2005 | Un Paso Adelante | Marta Ramos | 49 episodes |
| 2002/2006 | Hospital Central | Rebeca | 2 episodes |
| 2007 | Joint Security America | Captain Ines Diaz | pre-production |
| 2008 | Los Serrano | Luna | |
| 2009-12 | Tierra de Lobos | Nieves | |
| 2010 | Entrelobos | Pizquilla | |
| 2013 | Real Playing Game | Young Player #5 | |
| 2017 | Perfect Strangers | Blanca | |
# Vriesea corcovadensis

Vriesea corcovadensis is a plant species in the genus Vriesea. This species is endemic to Brazil.

## Cultivars

* Vriesea 'Deutscher Zwerg'
* Vriesea 'Gnom'
* Vriesea 'Komet'
# UIA

Uia is a locality in the Marquesas Islands.
UIA can refer to:
* Argentine Industrial Union (Unión Industrial Argentina)
* International Islamic University Malaysia (Universiti Islam Antarabangsa)
* International Union of Architects (Union internationale des Architectes)
* Microsoft UI Automation, a computer accessibility technology
* Uganda Investment Authority
* UIA Mutual, an insurance company in the United Kingdom
* Ukraine International Airlines, the flag carrier of Ukraine
* Ukrainian Insurgent Army
* Unemployment Insurance Agency, the agency that oversees unemployment compensation in the U.S. state of Michigan
* Uni Air (ICAO: UIA), a Taiwanese regional airline based in Zhongshan, Taipei
* Union Internationale des Avocats (International Association of Lawyers)
* Union of International Associations
* United International Airlines, a Serbian cargo airline
* United Iraqi Alliance
* United Israel Appeal
* Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico
* University of Agder (Universitetet i Agder)
* University of Antwerp (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen)
# Astrothelium solitarium

Astrothelium solitarium is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The species is closely related to Astrothelium ceratinum but differs in its ascospore size.

## Description

The thallus of Astrothelium solitarium is corticate, smooth, shiny, and continuous, covering areas up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter. It is olive-green and less than 0.1 mm thick, surrounded by a dark brown prothallus line about 0.1 mm wide. This species does not induce gall formation on the host bark.
Ascomata are spherical, measuring 0.3–0.5 mm in diameter, and appear solitary or in groups of 2–4, erumpent from the bark. They are black, partly with irregular thallus coverage, and not in pseudostromata. The wall is black all around, with a thickness of up to about 30 μm. Ostioles are apical, not fused, flat, and dark brown, often surrounded by a pale brown ring. The hamathecium is not inspersed with oil globules. Asci contain 8 ascospores, which are hyaline, 3-septate, fusiform, and measure 33–36 by 10–11 μm.
Pycnidia were not observed in this species. In term of standard chemical spot tests, the thallus and medulla are UV− and K−. Thin-layer chromatography shows no secondary substances detected.

## Habitat and distribution

Astrothelium solitarium is found on smooth bark of trees in primary forests. Currently, it is known to occur only in Brazil.
# Shepherd Township, Walsh County, North Dakota

Shepherd Township is a township in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States.
# Thurow

Thurow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gerhard Thurow (1934–1976), German motorcyclist
* Kerstin Thurow (born 1969), German engineer
* Lester Thurow (1938–2016), American political economist and author
* Roger Thurow, American author and journalist
# Warq

Warq may refer to:
* WARQ, a radio station licensed to Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* Vark, a metallic leaf used on South Asian sweets
# Dafne (given name)

Dafne is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Dafne Fernández (born 1985), Spanish actress and dancer
* Dafne Keen (born 2005), British-Spanish actress
* Dafne Molina (born 1982), Mexican beauty pageant titleholder
* Dafne Navarro (born 1996), Mexican trampoline gymnast
* Dafne Quintero (born 2002), Mexican archer
* Dafne Schippers (born 1992), Dutch track and field athlete
# Heinrich von Twiel

Heinrich von Twiel (died after 1133) was counter-abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1121 to 1122.

## Works

The imperially minded part of the convent in Saint Gall appointed Heinrich von Twiel as their abbot in 1121; however, the counter party declared the election invalid. They argued that Abbot Ulrich of Eppenstein's document of abdication, which would have necessitated a new election, was forged. Manegold von Mammern was ported as counter-abbot. In 1121, Conrad I, Duke of Zähringen, established Manegold in Saint Gallen by force. Heinrich fled to Castle Zell near Leutkirch in Swabia. Manegold von Mammern managed to convince Henry V that he had been lawfully elected Abbot of Saint Gall. After Manegold's imperial confirmation, Heinrich von Twiel withdrew to Zwiefalten Abbey. On the behest of Werinher, he returned to Saint Gall as provost in 1133, when Abbot Manegold died.
# Asada (crater)

Asada is a small lunar impact crater located at the northern edge of Mare Fecunditatis, to the northeast of the crater Taruntius. It is a circular crater formation with inner walls that slope down toward a small central floor at the midpoint. Asada was designated Taruntius A prior to being named by the IAU.
# John Lazarus (playwright)

John Lazarus (born 1947) is a Canadian playwright.
He is author of Babel Rap, Dreaming and Duelling, The Late Blumer, Homework & Curtains, Genuine Fakes, The Trials of Eddy Haymour, Medea's Disgust, Village of Idiots, Rough Magic, Meltdown, Exposure and Secrets.
Lazarus is also the author of many plays for young audiences, including the four-play anthology Not So Dumb.
Lazarus graduated from the National Theatre School of Canada in 1969, then moved to Vancouver, British Columbia where he worked for 30 years as an actor, critic, broadcaster, playwright, screenwriter and teacher at Studio 58 and Vancouver Film School. In 2000 he moved to Ontario to join the Department of Drama at Queen's University. Since then, he has often worked with Theatre Kingston. He retired from Queen's in 2021, and has since written the book "Two Ways About It: The Inside and Outside of Playwriting".
# West Tarr Mediaeval House

West Tarr Mediaeval House is a historic site south of the village of St Florence, in the community of Penally, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The site consists of two structures, the remains of the house and an ancillary building. The house is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled monument. The outbuilding is listed at Grade II.

## History and description

The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales suggests that West Tarr has elements of both a hall house and a tower house. Their Coflein database record draws comparison with such house types in Ireland. The Gatehouse Gazetteer suggests similarities to a Bastle house, a type more commonly found in the Scottish Borders. In a paper for the Pembrokeshire Historical Society Gerralt Nash considers another such medieval house identified in Haverfordwest and, noting similar types of near-coastal fortified dwellings in the vicinity such as Carswell Medieval House and Whitewell Ruins, suggests that the defensive nature of such structures was a response to piracy. Cadw, in contrast, does not identify any defensive features at West Tarr. In their Pembrokeshire volume in the Buildings of Wales series, Thomas Lloyd, Julian Orbach and Robert Scourfield suggest that the defensive nature of the house was passive in character, i.e. it provided a place of refuge rather than offering offensive opportunities. The greater prevalence of such structures in the richer south of the county, particularly in locations proximate to the coast, indicates a need for the inhabitants to protect themselves from pirates making excursions along the navigable rivers. The earliest documented evidence for the building is a roll of 1324 which identifies the smallholding as equivalent in value to a tenth of a knight's fee. Such fees were payable to the Earls of Pembroke, the major landowners and the primary power in the area.
The house consists of two vaulted rooms, an upper storey and a lower undercroft. The construction material is mainly limestone rubble with some larger stones used for structural integrity. The structure is 7.5m long, 5m wide and 6.5m high. There is evidence of fireplaces at both levels and a small section of stair connecting the two. Cadw has undertaken restoration of the building's roof. West Tarr is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled monument. The ancillary building is listed at Grade II.
# Thurra River

The Thurra River is a perennial river with no defined major catchment, located in the East Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria.

## Course and features

The Thurra River rises below Mealing Hill in remote country northeast of the Cann River and flows generally south through the western edge of the Alfred National Park and through the Croajingolong National Park, before reaching its mouth with the Bass Strait, east northeast of Point Hicks in the Shire of East Gippsland. The river descends 311 metres (1,020 ft) over its 71 kilometres (44 mi) course.
The river is traversed by the Princes Highway east of Cann River.
There are Parks Victoria campsites near the Thurra River mouth.