OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Separation test

A separation test is a statistical procedure for early-phase research, to decide whether to pursue further research. It is designed to avoid the prevalent situation in early-phase research, when a statistically underpowered test gives a negative result.

## Readings

* Aickin M. (2004) "Separation Tests for Early-Phase Complementary and Alternative Medicine Comparative Trials". Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 1(4), 225–231
* This statistics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Iridin

Iridin is an isoflavone, a type of flavonoid. It is the 7-glucoside of irigenin and can be isolated from several species of irises like orris root, Iris florentina or Iris versicolor, also commonly known as the larger blue flag. It can also be found in Iris kemaonensis.
The compound is toxic and these plants have been mentioned as causing poisoning in humans and animals.
# Ujaleshwar

Ujaleshwar is a small village in the Akola district of Maharashtra State, India.
Ujaleshwar is located in the Barshitakli Tehsil administrative division. Its neighboring villages include Kajaleshwar and Nimbhara. Ujaleshwar's nearest rail station is in Barshitakli, and its nearest airport is Akola Airport.

## Etymology

Ujaleshwar (in Marathi (उजळेश्वर, Ujaḷēśvar) is named after the God Ujaleshwar, also known as Shiva. Ujale (उजळे) is defined as enlightened, and Shwar (ईश्वर) translates to God. सर्वांचे कल्याण करणारा देव म्हणजे उजळेश्वर.

## History

Records show that Ujaleshwar existed at the time of the Maratha empire in the 18th century. Numerous coins from the Shivaji Maharaj have been found from excavations around the village. For a sizable amount of the village's history, its inhabitants were poor and lacked opportunities to earn wages. The villagers worked on farms in nearby villages such as Tamsi and Nimbhara, since Ujaleshwar inhabitants could not support their own agriculture due to a lack of water. The Government of Maharashtra later built numerous dams in the area, enabling irrigation and farming. The village has since grown economically, providing employment opportunities for local residents.

## Population

In 2011, a national census concluded that the population of Ujaleshwar was 851 with 184 families. This included 96 children 0-6 years old, 10.53% of the population. The sex ratio is 884, which is below the average sex ratio of Maharashtra State. The literacy rate is 86.52%, higher than the state's average of 82.34%.

## Religion

Religions practiced in the village include Hinduism, Buddhism, and Brahmanism.

## Festivals

Festivals are an important part of village life, and the people of Ujaleshwar celebrate many, including Navratri, Ganeshotsav, and Shivjayanti. During Navaratri Utsav, the inhabitants of Ujaleshwar perform the Garba dance. The event is particularly popular among younger men and women.

## Nearby villages

* Tamsi
* Tiwasa
* Donad
* Kajaleshwar
* Titawan
* Nimbhara
* Mahan
* Kothali
* Redava
# DMDEE

DMDEE is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry. It is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality. It is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam. It has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7. The IUPAC name is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C$_{12}$H$_{24}$N$_2$O$_3$.

## Other names

Main section reference.
* Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-
* Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether
* 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
* 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether
* 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
* 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine)
* 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
* 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether

## Use as a polyurethane catalyst

DMDEE tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems. Its use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications. Its use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively. It is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.

## Toxicity

The material has been in use for some time and so the toxicity is generally well understood. However, some sources say toxicity data is limited and work continues to acquire the necessary data and publish to ensure it is in the public domain.
# Wilf Hughes

David Wilfred Hughes (12 July 1910 – 21 April 1984) was a Welsh cricketer. Hughes was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Ebbw Vale, Monmouthshire.
After studying science at Bangor University, Hughes became a teacher, taking up a teaching post in Northamptonshire. While teaching in Northamptonshire, he played club cricket for Kettering, with some success. His bowling later came to the attention of Glamorgan captain Maurice Turnbull when Glamorgan were in the county playing Northamptonshire, Turnbull being told about a Welsh cricketer who was getting "a bag of wickets every week". He was invited to Cardiff Arms Park for a trial, impressing enough to be given a contract to play in the summer holidays.
His first-class debut for Glamorgan against the touring South Africans in 1935 was an eventful one. In Glamorgan's second-innings Hughes, batting at number 11, scoring a quickfire unbeaten 70 runs as he and Cyril Smart put on 131 for the tenth wicket, to help save the match for Glamorgan. One of Hughes's sixes flew right out of the ground, across the road, and in through an upstairs window of the Grand Hotel opposite.
Hughes made a further 21 first-class appearances for Glamorgan, the last of which came against Leicestershire in the 1938 County Championship. As a bowler, he formed a useful partnership with the more experienced Jack Mercer. He took 52 wickets at an average of 32.53, with best figures of 5/70. These figures, one of two five-wicket hauls he took, came against Leicestershire in 1936. A hard hitting batsman, Hughes scored 274 runs at a batting average of 10.96, with a high score of 70 not out against the South Africans.
During World War II, Hughes had an emergency commission with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery. He later served as an Adjutant at the Royal School of Artillery at Larkhill, Wiltshire. Following the war, he took up a teaching position in Poole, Dorset, and did not appear again for Glamorgan. While based in Poole, he played for Dorset, making his debut in the 1946 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire. He made six further Minor Counties Championship appearances for Dorset, the last of which came against Oxfordshire in 1949.
He later moved to Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, where he ended his teaching career as the headmaster of a boys' school. He died in Sarisbury Green, Hampshire, on 21 April 1984.
# Akiga Sai

Akiga Sai (1898–1959) was an early Nigerian autobiographer and historian, known for his History of the Tiv.
Sai's Tiv language manuscript was edited and translated into English by Rupert East, and first published in 1939. In 2015 a full edition was published and several other articles published about Sai (by Fardon, Pine and Martin Luter Akiga among others).
Fardon (2015: 572), citing the Tiv historian Atah Pine accords Akiga Sai the following Tiv "firsts": "the first Tiv man to be baptized as a Christian, the first Tiv man to read and write, the first Tiv man to write a letter, first Tiv parliamentarian, first Tiv newspaper editor, and first Tiv man to write a book."
In Sklar's book on Nigerian political parties, Sai is listed on as a Benue state member of the National People's Congress for 1958.
# 1995 Tour du Haut Var

The 1995 Tour du Haut Var was the 27th edition of the Tour du Haut Var cycle race and was held on 18 February 1995. The race started and finished in Draguignan. The race was won by Marco Lietti.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Marco Lietti (ITA) | 5h 33' 46" |
| 2 | Luca Scinto (ITA) | + 0" |
| 3 | Giuseppe Guerini (ITA) | + 58" |
| 4 | Yvon Ledanois (FRA) | + 1' 22" |
| 5 | Jens Zemke (GER) | + 1' 36" |
| 6 | Peter Van Petegem (BEL) | + 3' 11" |
| 7 | Thierry Gouvenou (FRA) | + 3' 11" |
| 8 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | + 3' 11" |
| 9 | Luc Roosen (BEL) | + 3' 11" |
| 10 | Fausto Dotti (ITA) | + 3' 11" |
# Iridium(III) bromide

Iridium(III) bromide is a bromide of iridium(III), with the chemical formula of IrBr$_3$.

## Preparation

Iridium(III) bromide can be formed by reacting iridium(II) bromide and bromine. Its tetrahydrate can be formed by reacting iridium dioxide dihydrate with hydrobromic acid. It can also be formed by the direct reaction of iridium and bromine at 8 atm and 570 °C.

## Properties

Iridium(III) bromide is a dark reddish-brown solid that is insoluble soluble in water, acids, and alkalis and decomposes to iridium(II) bromide on heating. It crystallizes in a highly disordered layered structure of aluminum(III) chloride or chromium(III) chloride type, where the monoclinic unit cell contains four formula units. As with rhenium(III) chloride, rhenium(III) bromide, α-iridium(III) chloride and α-ruthenium(III) chloride, the disorder is due to the different stacking of the metal layers. The light olive green tetrahydrate is slightly soluble in water but insoluble in ethanol and ether. When heated to 100 °C, it turns dark brown with release of water and decomposes to iridium and bromine at higher temperatures. It reacts with germanium dibromide in hydrobromic acid solution to form a compound containing Ir-Ge bond, and adding Cs$^+$ to it can separate Cs$_3$[Ir(GeBr$_3$)$_n$Br$_{6−n}$] (n=1, 2, 3).
# 2024 ICF Paracanoe World Championships – Men's VL1

The men's VL1 competition at the 2024 ICF Paracanoe World Championships in Szeged took place at the Olympic Centre of Szeged.

## Schedule

The schedule was as follows:
| Date | Time | Round |
| Saturday 11 May 2024 | 11:04 | Final |
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

## Results

With fewer than ten competitors entered, this event was held as a direct final.
| Rank | Name | Country | Time |
| | David González | Spain | 1:06.89 |
| | Carlos Glenndel Moreira | Brazil | 1:07.15 |
| | Yuta Takagi | Japan | 1:07.60 |
| 4 | Moritz Berthold | Germany | 1:09.71 |
| 5 | Yash Kumar | India | 1:10.02 |
| 6 | Alessio Bedin | Italy | 1:15.57 |
| 7 | Tetsuya Sekine | Japan | 1:53.40 |
| | Maxim Bogatyrev | Kazakhstan | DNS |
# William Z. Hassid

William Zev Hassid (1899–1974) was a pioneer research scientist in sugar biochemistry, who announced the synthesis of sucrose in 1944. He received the Sugar Research Award of the National Academy of Sciences (jointly with Doudoroff and Barker) for this discovery in 1945. He also received the Charles Reid Barnes Honorary Life Membership Award of the American Society of Plant Physiologists (1964), and the C. S. Hudson Award of the American Chemical Society (1967). In 1972 he was recognized the Sixth International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry as one of three outstanding senior American carbohydrate chemists. Hassid served as a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and as Chairman of the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (1949–1950).

## Personal life and career

Hassid was born on October 1, 1899, in Jaffa, Palestine. He emigrated to the United States in 1920. Hassid received A.B, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from University of California, Berkeley in 1925, 1930 and 1934, respectively. Hassid spent all of his academic career at the University of California, Berkeley, and became research assistant of Dennis Robert Hoagland in 1927. He was appointed professor of plant nutrition in 1947, and professor of biochemistry in 1950. He retired in 1965 and until his death in 1974 he was professor emeritus.
# Lectionary 182

Lectionary 182, designated by siglum ℓ 182 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century. Scrivener labelled it as Lectionary 233$^{evl}$. The manuscript is very lacunose, only three leaves of the codex have survived.

## Description

The codex contains 33 verses Lessons from the Gospels of Matthew 1:1-11.11-22; 7:7-8; Mark 9:41; 11:22-26; Luke 11:1-4 lectionary (Evangelistarium), on only 3 parchment leaves (26.5 cm by 19.3 cm). It is written in Greek uncial letters, in two columns per page, 19 lines per page. It has Menologion for 9-20 December.

## History

The manuscript was held in the Dochiariou monastery at Mount Athos. The manuscript was collated by Scrivener, slightly examined by Gregory in 1883.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).
Currently the codex is located in the British Library, (Add MS 39583) in London.
# 2015 Big Sky Conference softball tournament

The 2015 Big Sky Conference softball tournament will be held at Miller Ranch Stadium on the campus of Idaho State University in Pocatello, Idaho from May 7 through May 9, 2015. The tournament will earn the Big Sky Conference's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament. The entire tournament will air on Watch Big Sky with Jason Ashcraft describing the action.

## Tournament

| 1st Round | 1st Round | 1st Round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Championship | Championship |
| 1 | Idaho State | 14 | | | | | |
| 4 | Southern Utah | 3$^{(5)}$ | | | | | |
| 4 | Southern Utah | 3$^{(5)}$ | 1 | Idaho State | 1 | | |
| | | | 3 | Weber State | 9$^{(5)}$ | | |
| 2 | Sacramento State | 3 | 3 | Weber State | 9$^{(5)}$ | | |
| 3 | Weber State | 4 | | | | | |
| 3 | Weber State | 4 | | | | 3 | Weber State |
| | | | | | | 2 | Sacramento State |
| Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower final | Lower final | Lower final | 2 | Sacramento State |
| | | | 1 | Idaho State | 6 | | |
| 2 | Sacramento State | 8 | 2 | Sacramento State | 10 | | |
| 4 | Southern Utah | 0$^{(5)}$ | | | | | |
* All times listed are Mountain Daylight Time.
# Acaulospora myriocarpa

Acaulospora myriocarpa is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots.
# Hissastu Hashikakenin

Hissastu Hashikakenin (必殺橋掛人) is a Japanese television jidaigeki or period drama that was broadcast in 1985. It is the 24th in the Hissatsu series. After appearing in several Hissatsu series as a guest villain actor, Masahiko Tsugawa won leading role in the Hissatsu series.
Ryūji used to be a famous professional killer but retired from it. His profession is a peddler (he sells kimono) now but one day he comes back from his retirement by his old friend's last words.

## Cast

* Masahiko Tsugawa: Ryūji
* Shin Takuma: Shinkichi
* Hisako Manda: Okura
* Machiko Washio : Ofuji
* Midori Nishizaki : Okō

## Directors

Eiichi Kudo directed episode 1,2,5
# Arquipélago (novel)

Arquipélago (Arquipélago in Portuguese) is a Capeverdean poetry book written by Jorge Barbosa in 1935. It was published in ICL; later it would be published in Claridade. The probability of the literary work is the most common in Cape Verde. It opened the doors to modern Cape Verdean literature and later demonstrated a complete change in rhetoric and thematic poetry in Cape Verde; it formed one of the elements that led to the creation of the Claridade review a year after the publication of the book. Along with Claridade, Baltazar Lopes participated with Manuel Lopes and Jorge Barbosa with founded members of the review and the name was the movement in the main activists of the same.
The story is set in different parts of the Cape Verdean archipelago, which at the time was in colonial hands. The book features some poems.
# Armsdale

Armsdale is a village in Staffordshire, England. Population details for the 2011 census can be found under Eccleshall.
* This Staffordshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Violet Rodgers

Violet A Rodgers (7 February 1914 – 8 May 1978) was a British museum curator.

## Biography

Rodgers came to York in 1938 to work for John Lamplugh Kirk at the newly-opened York Castle Museum. Kirk died in 1940 and Rodgers ran the museum as Deputy Curator during the Second World War. During this time she expanded the education offer and developed an interactive approach to the collections by allowing visitors to handle objects. In addition to her curatorial duties, Rodgers also served in the Royal Observer Corps throughout the war.
Rodgers was one of the first women to achieve the Museums Association Diploma.
In June 1947 she married Wladyslaw Włoch and left the museum for Poland. Immediately before her departure she made a plea in the Museums Journal for British museums to help replenish the lost collections of the Historical Museum of Kraków, damaged during the war, by donating duplicates. She became a Curator at the Historical Museum of Kraków and was awarded the Polish Cross of Merit for her work. During her time in Poland, Violet and her husband Wladyslaw also worked to improve the Pharmacy Museum in Krakow - Wladyslaw received the Ignacy Łukasiewicz medal from the Pharmaceutical Society of Poland for their dedication to the museum, which included a 'York apothecary shop'.
Rodgers tried to gain a visa from the Polish government to visit her family in England from 1949, but this was only granted in 1955 after intervention from Clement Attlee and Roy Mason. She returned for three months from August of that year.
Rodgers returned to York permanently in 1960 where she remained for the rest of her life. Wladyslaw worked for the biology department of the University of York.
Violet died at her home on Fulford Road, York on 8 May 1978. A funeral service was held at St Wilfrid's, York before she was buried on 12 May in the family grave at Undercliffe Cemetery. On 28 August the President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Poland delivered a paper about her work in the central hall of the Academy of Medicine in Krakow.
Rodgers and Kirk were both recreated by re-enactors on Kirkgate, the reconstructed Victorian street, as part of the Castle Museum's 80th anniversary in 2018.

## Select publications

* 1949. The collection of costumes: a chat on the costume collection in the Castle Museum. York, York Corporation.
* 1949. Valentines: a chat on the Valentine collection in the Castle Museum. York, York Corporation.
* 1979. The development of domestic lighting. York, York Castle Museum.
# D. J. Lawlor

The D. J. Lawlor was a 19th-century Boston pilot boat built in 1881 at North Weymouth, Massachusetts. The schooner was considered the largest (86 feet) for her type, noted for her seaworthiness and heavy weather performance. She was named after the prominent Boston shipbuilder Dennison J. Lawlor. She was struck by a fishing schooner Horace B. Parker, in 1895, and was replaced by the pilot-boat Liberty in 1896.

## Construction and service

The D. J. Lawlor, was built at North Weymouth, Massachusetts by Porter Keene. The D. J. Lawlor (No 3), was launched at Quincy Point in Quincy, Massachusetts on December 22, 1881 for Captain Abel F. Hayden. She was the largest of her build and rig in the United States and noted for her seaworthiness and heavy weather performance. She was designed by Dennison J. Lawlor, for whom she was named. She took the place of the pilot-boat Gracie, that was sold to the Wilmington, Delaware pilots.
On February 16, 1882, the D. J. Lawlor, took a trial trip at Battery Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. The excursion went to Minot's Ledge Light, one mile offshore of the towns of Cohasset and Scituate, Massachusetts.
The D. J. Lawlor, was registered as a pilot Schooner with the ‘’Record of American and Foreign Shipping,’’ from 1883-1895. Her ship master was Abel F. Hayden; her owners were Abel F. Hayden, James H. Reid, and William V. Abbott; built in 1882 at North Weymouth, Massachusetts; and her hailing port was the Port of Boston. Her dimensions were 86 ft. in length; 22 ft. breadth of beam; 8.8 ft. depth of hold; and 75-tons Tonnage.

## End of service

On January 4, 1895, during a heavy mist, the Boston pilot-boat D. J. Lawlor, No. 3, was struck and sank off Minot's Ledge Light by the Gloucester fishing schooner Horace B. Parker. Four of the crew perished. Rudolph Harrison, the steward, was the only one that survived. She cost $13,000 and was fully insured through the agency of Franklin S. Phelps & Company. Captain William V. Abbott, who was one-quarter owner, was not on board the boat when it sank.
The owners of the D. J. Lawlor, filed charges in the U. S. District Court against the fishing schooner Horace B. Parker, for damages for the loss of the pilot-boat, which was valued at $12,000. They claimed the collision was caused by the carelessness of the schooner with no lookout on board.
In 1896, the 'Liberty was built by John Bishop at his shipyard in Gloucester, Massachusetts, to take the place of the ill-fated pilot-boat D. J. Lawlor. The boat was built for pilots Murdock Low, Nelson and John Ward. She was 104 feet long, 118-tons and cost $17,000. She was launched on March 30, 1896.
# 2015 Big East Conference softball tournament

The 2015 Big East Conference softball tournament was held at The Ballpark at Rosemont in Rosemont, Illinois. The tournament, hosted by DePaul University, ran May 8 through May 9, 2015 and determined the champion for the Big East Conference for the 2015 NCAA Division I softball season. Top-seeded St. John's won the tournament for the first time and earned the Big East Conference's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament. The entire tournament was broadcast on Fox Sports 2. Eric Collins and Brooke Weisbrod served as the broadcasters for Fox.

## Format and seeding

The top four teams from the conference's round-robin regular season qualified for the tournament, and were seeded one through four. They played a single-elimination tournament. Villanova claimed the fourth seed by tiebreaker over Butler.
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Seed |
| St. John's | 16 | 2 | .889 | — | 1 |
| DePaul | 13 | 4 | .765 | 2.5 | 2 |
| Seton Hall | 10 | 10 | .500 | 7 | 3 |
| Villanova | 9 | 12 | .429 | 8.5 | 4 |
| Butler | 9 | 12 | .429 | 8.5 | — |
| Providence | 8 | 11 | .421 | 8.5 | — |
| Creighton | 7 | 12 | .368 | 9.5 | — |
| Georgetown | 5 | 14 | .263 | 11.5 | — |

## Tournament

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Championship | Championship | Championship |
| 1 | St. John's | 5 | | | |
| 4 | Villanova | 4 | | | |
| 4 | Villanova | 4 | 1 | St. John's | 7 |
| | | | 3 | Seton Hall | 5 |
| 2 | DePaul | 5 | 3 | Seton Hall | 5 |
| 3 | Seton Hall | 9 | | | |

## All-Tournament Team

The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team.
| Player | School |
| Francesca Carrullo | St. John's |
| Danielle DeStaso | Seton Hall |
| Sara Foster | Seton Hall |
| Tori Free | St. John's |
| Kali Gardner | DePaul |
| Tianah Hathaway | Villanova |
| Morgan Maize | DePaul |
| Dana Morris | Villanova |
| Casey Moses | Seton Hall |
| Krystal Puga | St. John's |
| Yvonne Rericha | St. John's |
| Savannah Warren | St. John's |

### Most Outstanding Player

Krystal Puga was named Tournament Most Outstanding Player. Puga was an infielder for St. John's.