OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alder Lake (New York)

Alder Lake is a body of water that is located in Hardenburgh, Ulster County in the lower Hudson Valley region of New York. It is located in the Balsam Lake State Forest Preserve, which is a part of the Catskill Forest Preserve. The lake was man made by the Coykendall family in the 1900s. It is most often used for recreational uses and family day trips.

## History

Alder Lake was established in 1901 by Samuel D. Coykendall. Coykendall was a strong financer in the area. He owned some of the Delaware and Ulster railroad. Along with the lake, the Coykendall Lodge was put up. It was a 10,900-square foot, three-story house built on a stone foundation. It was built as a summer vacation home for the Coykendall family. After Samuel's death in 1913, his sons took control of his railroad business and inherited the lodge and lake. The land stayed in the Coykendall family until 1945. After the lodge and lake passed through a series of owners, the state eventually bought the land in 1980. In 1988, the lodge was showing deterioration and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC) proposed a demolition. The demolition proposal was denied due to public outcry. Even though the lodge stayed standing, the deterioration did not stop. The lodge kept getting worse. Then, in December 2008, the lodge was demolished. Now only the stone foundation is left of the Coykendall lodge. Wint Aldrich, New York Deputy Commissioner for Historic Preservation with the state Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, said "We sort of ran out of ideas. If we were able to catch it and find a use 30, 40 years ago when the state bought it, perhaps something could have been done."

## Physical features

Alder Lake elevation is 2,211 feet (674 m) above sea level. The mean depth of Alder Lake is 8.9 feet (2.7 m) feet. The max depth of Alder Lake is 22 feet (6.7 m) feet. The lake covers a total of 45 acres (18 ha).

## Recreational uses
### Hiking

There is a state maintained/marked trail around the entire lake. The "Alder Lake Loop Trail" is 1.5 miles long. On the east side of the lake, the loop trail connects to the "Mill Brook Ridge Trail" which can be taken east to Balsam Lake Mountain.

### Fishing

There are Brook trout in the lake, but there are special fishing regulations because it is a man-made lake. The fishing season is April 1 through September 30, while the catch limit is only three fish per day. To keep these fish they have to be a minimum of 12 inches long.

### Swimming

Swimming is allowed in Alder Lake. There is no beach or lifeguard.

### Boating

Non-motorized boats are allowed on Alder Lake.

### Camping

Camping is available for people interested in staying overnight. There are 7-10 primitive camp sites. Camping is on a first-come, first-served basis.
# Josh Pence

Joshua Charles Pence (born June 8, 1982) is an American actor.

## Career

Pence first appeared in the 2006 film The Good Shepherd in an uncredited role as Bonesman. Pence appeared in the 2010 film The Social Network as Tyler Winklevoss, alongside Armie Hammer. Pence played the part of Tyler Winklevoss during filming and Hammer's face was grafted onto Pence's body in post-production to create the illusion of identical twins. Split-screen photography was also used. He also played Cameron Winklevoss in certain scenes, for particular setups. Pence also appears in a separate cameo role elsewhere in the film.
In 2012, Pence portrayed a naval petty officer in the film Battleship, alongside Liam Neeson (with whom he previously worked with when he portrayed Young Ra's al Ghul in Christopher Nolan's film The Dark Knight Rises).
In June 2012, Pence signed on as an ambassador to global aid agency Mercy Corps, blogging for The Huffington Post about his first trip to Haiti.
Pence also appeared in the 2013 crime film Gangster Squad as Daryl Gates, as well as the projected #1 pick in Ivan Reitman’s 2014 sports drama film Draft Day.
Pence was part of the main cast of Freeform‘s spin-off of The Fosters, Good Trouble. He played Dennis.

## Personal life

Since August 2017, Pence has been in a relationship with actress and musician AJ Michalka.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | The Good Shepherd | Bonesman | Uncredited |
| 2009 | Wish | Thomas | Short film |
| 2009 | The Things We Carry | Lance | |
| 2010 | The Social Network | Tyler Winklevoss double | |
| 2012 | Battleship | Chief Moore | |
| 2012 | The Silent Thief | Alex Nixon | |
| 2012 | The Dark Knight Rises | Young Ra's al Ghul | |
| 2012 | Fun Size | Keevin | |
| 2013 | Gangster Squad | Daryl Gates | |
| 2013 | In Lieu of Flowers | Eric | |
| 2013 | Here and Now | Man | Short film |
| 2014 | Draft Day | Bo Callahan | |
| 2014 | Thirst | Billy | Short film |
| 2014 | The Algerian | Patrick | |
| 2016 | Victor | Jimmy | |
| 2016 | La La Land | Josh | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | Super Sweet 16: The Movie | Abercrombie | Television film |
| 2008 | CSI: NY | Bartender | Episode: "DOA for a Day" |
| 2008 | CSI: Miami | AJ Watkins | Episode: "Wrecking Crew" |
| 2010 | The Gates | Henry | Episode: "Digging the Dirt" |
| 2011 | Parks and Recreation | Cowboy | Episode: "Soulmates" |
| 2015 | Revenge | Tony Hughes | 4 episodes |
| 2016 | American Horror Story: Hotel | Nick Harley | Episode: "Battle Royale" |
| 2016–2018 | The Man in the High Castle | Hans | 4 episodes |
| 2019–2024 | Good Trouble | Dennis | Main role |
| 2019 | Jett | Ray Brewer | Episode: "Bennie" |
# Joseph ibn Naḥmias

Joseph Naḥmias (also Joseph ibn Joseph ibn Naḥmias) was a 14th-century Jewish scholar of Toledo, Castile, a student of Asher ben Jehiel. He is best known for an astronomical work in Arabic, Nūr al-ʿĀlam ("The Light of the World") between c. 1330 and 1350, translated into Hebrew by an anonymous scholar later in the 14th century. Naḥmias is also the author of commentaries on the Pentateuch, on Pirkei Avot and on Proverbs.
Joseph b. Abraham ibn Naḥmias was the name of a contemporary of Joseph ben Joseph ibn Naḥmias, who also lived at Toledo, was a colleague of Judah and Jacob ben Asher, and wrote a commentary on Esther in 1326 or 1327.
# Carlos Molina (politician)

Carlos Molina Rodríguez (born August 27, 1974) is a Puerto Rican politician and the former mayor of Arecibo. Molina is affiliated with the New Progressive Party (PNP) and served as mayor from 2013 until 2021. Previously, He studied primary and higher in the public schools of the town of Arecibo. While he worked as official in custody of the Puerto Rico Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, he started and completed his degree of Bachelor in Criminal Justice at the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, where he was President of the Student Council prime of the institution. Molina served as Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from 2009 to 2011, under Governor Luis Fortuño.
Carlos Molina was the president of Puerto Rico Mayors Federation from 2017-2020 after succeeding Hector O'Neill.

## Tenure

On November 3, 2020 Molina lost the re election for Mayor of Arecibo against Carlos “Tito” Ramírez Irizarry who will be the next Mayor after January 2021. At the end of the mayor's term the municipality remained with a deficit of around 85 million. Before the end of his tenure the mayor announced that the municipality had begun to pay off debt to the Puerto Rico Department of Treasury. During the mayor's eight year term he duplicated the municipal debt and did not carry out property inventories. As part of the end of his term the mayor was entitled to take $69,000 worth of vacation days. In 2017 the mayor's salary was raised to $96,000.
After completing his term Molina created a company which has made contracts as advisors with the municipalities of Quebradillas, Cabo Rojo and the CRIM agency.
# Binfield Park Dam

Binfield Park Dam is a dam on the Tyhume River, near Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was established in 1986, and commissioned in 1987.
The villagers underused the Binfield Park Dam and vicinity areas located nearby – no fishing, aquaculture, irrigation or recreation. It is concluded that with the help from Government and institutions, the appropriate use of indigenous knowledge and the dam can benefit the communities and the environment regarding ecotourism or ecofeminitourism.
# Binford

Binford may refer to one of the following:

## People

* Binford (surname)
* Binford Carter (1943–2014), American folk artist

## Places

* Binford, Mississippi, a village in Monroe County, Mississippi
* Binford, North Dakota, a city in Griggs County, North Dakota
* Binford, Wyoming

## Fictional

* Binford Tools, a fictional tool manufacturer that appears in the sitcom Home Improvement, as well as the movie Toy Story, and the sitcom Last Man Standing. In the movie Miracle, one of the hockey players in the locker room scene is seen wearing a Binford Tools t-shirt. The Joker can be seen pulling a wrench out of a box of tools bearing the Binford brand in the episode "The Laughing Fish" in Batman: The Animated Series. Also, a red Binford toolbox appears in Toy Story. Binford also appears as one of the tv brands in the movie "Crazy on the Outside" featuring Tim Allen.
# Carmel Head Thrust

The Carmel Head Thrust is a geological fault on Carmel Head in north Anglesey, Wales, where rocks of the Precambrian Mona Complex are thrust over Lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks.
# Carnival (Mackenzie novel)

Carnival is a 1912 novel by the British writer Compton Mackenzie. A London ballet dancer falls in love with an aristocrat, but refuses to become his mistress and instead marries a Cornish farmer with ultimately tragic consequences. It was a commercial and critical success on its release.

## Film adaptations

It has been turned into films on three occasions: a 1916 American silent film The Ballet Girl directed by George Irving, a 1931 British film Dance Pretty Lady directed by Anthony Asquith and a 1946 British version Carnival by Stanley Haynes.
# Josiah B. Dyer

Josiah Bennett Dyer (January 5, 1843 – March 12, 1900) was a British-born American labor union leader.
Born in Luxulyan in Cornwall, England, Dyer completed an apprenticeship as a stonecutter, and joined the Operative Society of Masons. His brother, J. Edward Dyer, later became general secretary of that union.
Dyer worked in Penryn for eight years before, in 1871, emigrating to the United States, and working in various locations in Massachusetts.
Dyer founded an early branch of the Knights of Labor in Boston. He also joined the Granite Cutters' International Union, and in 1877 he organized a new branch in Graniteville, Massachusetts. The following year, he was elected as secretary of that union. As the most prominent figure in the union, he was a leading personality in the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, and he was one of five signatories to the call for unions to attend the conference which reorganized it as the American Federation of Labor.
Dyer served as secretary of the union until 1895, moving with its headquarters to various locations, including Philadelphia. He died in 1900 and was buried in Concord, New Hampshire.
# Carl Breeden

Carl Louis "Charles" Breeden (10 February 1891 – 2 November 1951) was an English automotive industry engineer and entrepreneur and a first-class cricketer. He was born in Moseley, Birmingham and died at Claverdon, Warwickshire.
Breeden was a Lucas employee who acquired an interest in the Wilmot company, a long-established Birmingham silversmiths, which accounts for the Wilmot Breeden company name. Wilmot stayed with the company until 1949 at least, and the title was hyphenated until the early fifties. By the time of Breeden's death in 1951 it employed more than 5,000 people. Breeden had brought back from the United States the concept of attached metal bumpers or fenders. Breeden was approached by William Morris, probably in 1928, and asked to supply bumpers for the new Morris Minor. With very little in the way of facilities he delivered the first batch within three months of commencement. He subsequently began supplying Austin, Wolseley, and eventually almost every UK vehicle maker. The Wilmot part of the business concentrated upon smaller parts, developing new techniques of pressure die casting and chromium plating which made them market leaders. By 1931 the company had issued a catalogue which contained many other types of automotive components including door locks. It is one of the direct antecedents of the current Inteva Products international components group. He was well-connected within the automotive industry in other ways too. In 1914, he married Hilda, the daughter of Harry Lucas, son of the founder of Lucas Industries and the head of that company; in 1951, just six months before he died, his younger son married a daughter of Leonard Lord, the head of the Austin Motor Company and the architect of the British Motor Corporation. Before the First World War, Breeden had worked with Oliver Lucas of the Lucas Industries group to develop the dynamo for use on motorcycles, which were a fast-growing industry in Birmingham.
Breeden was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham where he was captain of the cricket team in 1909, and he played a few matches for Warwickshire County Cricket Club's second eleven in that year too. He was a middle-order right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium pace bowler. In 1910, he appeared in five first-class cricket matches for the Warwickshire first team in a three-week period in mid-summer. He was not a success, and his highest score was 27, which he made in the course of an innings defeat by Leicestershire. Though his bowling had proved occasionally useful in second eleven matches, he bowled only seven overs in first-class cricket and did not take a wicket. He did not play any more first-class cricket after this season, though he continued to appear in minor games up to 1930.
Breeden was a significantly wealthy man when he died, and death duties on his estate amounted to more than £500,000. The annual general meeting of the company the year after his death was told that he had arranged for his two sons to be joint managing directors of the Wilmot-Breeden group and for his elder son to be chairman as well.
# Joseph J. Simeone

Joseph Simeone (October 8, 1921 – May 1, 2015) was judge on the Supreme Court of Missouri from 1978 until 1979. Previously, Judge Simeone was the Chief Judge of the Missouri Court of Appeals for the Eastern District. Shortly after his appointment to the Supreme Court of Missouri, he was appointed to a position within the Social Security Administration, as an Administrative Law Judge.

## Education

B.S., Saint Louis University LL.B., Washington University in St. Louis School of Law LL.M., University of Michigan Law School S.J.D., University of Michigan Law School

## Sources

* ↑ Donna Walter, "James E. Darst remembered as exceptional Missouri lawyer, judge." St. Louis Daily Record, page 8A. July 27, 1989.
* ↑ Emeritus Professors
* ↑ "Joseph Simeone Obituary". Legacy.com. May 3, 2015. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
* ↑ Sorkin, Michael D. (May 7, 2015). "Judge Joseph Simeone helped bring Missouri's judiciary into the modern age". STLtoday.com. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
* ↑ Post-Dispatch, Michael D. Sorkin St Louis (7 May 2015). "Judge Joseph Simeone helped bring Missouri's judiciary into the modern age". STLtoday.com. Retrieved 2021-07-22.
# Bircham, Alberta

Bircham is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within Kneehill County. It is located approximately 78 km (48 mi) northeast of Calgary and 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Acme, along a Canadian National Railway line.
The hamlet most likely takes its name from Bircham in England.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Bircham had a population of 5 living in 3 of its 3 total private dwellings, a change of 0% from its 2016 population of 5. With a land area of 0.14 km$^2$ (0.054 sq mi), it had a population density of 35.7/km$^2$ (92.5/sq mi) in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Bircham had a population of 5 living in 2 of its 2 total private dwellings, a change of 0% from its 2011 population of 5. With a land area of 0.14 km$^2$ (0.054 sq mi), it had a population density of 35.7/km$^2$ (92.5/sq mi) in 2016.
# Joshua James

Joshua or Josh James may refer to:
* Joshua James (cricketer) (born 2001), Trinidadian cricketer
* Joshua James (folk singer), American rock and folk musician
* Joshua James (lifesaver) (1826–1902), American sea captain; commander of civilian life-saving crews
* Josh James (born 1973), American entrepreneur, founder of Domo and co-founder of Omniture
* Josh James (baseball), baseball player
* Josh James (singer) (born 1990), English singer born James Dubovie
* Joshua James, founder of Zig Media
# Bills Island

Bills Island is an island in Antarctica. It lies northeast of Goudier Island in the harbor of Port Lockroy, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered and charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot. The name appears on a chart based on a 1927 Discovery Investigations survey, but may reflect an earlier naming.
# Juan Dominguez Palermo

Juan Dominguez de Palermo (c. 1560 – 1635) was a Sicilian military officer and politician, who served in Buenos Aires during the Viceroyalty of Peru. His name is attached to one of the most exclusive neighborhoods in Buenos Aires, Palermo.
He was born in Sicily, the son of Domingo de Giovani and Maria de Vargas, belonging to a distinguished family. He served under the command of John of Austria, providing services in Malta, Naples and Spain. Established in the Río de la Plata by 1590, he received land grants in Buenos Aires, being the owner of several haciendas in the suburbs of the city. He was an active member of the City Council, serving as regidor for several years. He also held the honorary position of Mayordomo of Buenos Aires, a position concerning of the control of the economic activities of the city.
He was married twice, first to Isabel Gómez de Saravia, daughter of Miguel Gómez de la Puerta and Beatriz Luiz de Figueroa, belonging to families of Spanish and Portuguese conquerors, and second with María Rodríguez, a Creole descendant of the Captain Antón Higueras de Santana. His daughter Juana Gómez de Saravia, was married to Francisco de Melo Coutinho, son of João de Melo Coutinho and Juana Holguín, belonging to families of Vasco Fernandes Coutinho and Pedro Álvarez Holguín.
# José Adolfo Murat

José Adolfo Murat Macías is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). As of 2003 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative from the State of Mexico (Estado de Mexico). He finished his tenure in 2006.
# Birkland

Birkland is a surname of English origin. The name refers to:
* Henry Birkland (1917–1944), was a Canadian World War II POW who took part in the 'Great Escape'.
* Stephen Birkland (born c. 1951 – c. 1952), a member of the Universal House of Justice, supreme governing body of Baháʼí Faith.
* Thomas A. Birkland (b.1961) is a political scientist specializing in the study of public policy.
# Bir Foda

Bir Foda is a town and commune in M'Sila Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 4,463.
# Bishop Middleham Quarry

Bishop Middleham Quarry is a disused quarry, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north-west of Sedgefield, County Durham, England. Quarry-working here ceased in 1934, and the site has since been colonised by vegetation. The underlying rock is Magnesian Limestone and this has had a strong influence in determining the range of plant and animal communities now found there.
In 1968 the quarry was designated as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The SSSI boundaries were revised in 1982 to exclude areas which were no longer found to have high wildlife interest due to tipping and quarry reworking.
The site contains a variety of vegetation types including woodland, scrub, and several grassland communities. The most important part of the site from a biodiversity conservation perspective is the species-rich unimproved magnesian limestone grassland, which covers just under 4.6 hectares (11 acres) of the site. Only 270 hectares (670 acres) of this habitat exist in Britain, two-thirds of it in County Durham.
Magnesian limestone grassland supports an assemblage of calcicolous plants adapted to growing in thin soils with a short sward. The quarry holds one of the largest British populations of the dark red helleborine, Epipactis atrorubens; a survey in 2010 found nearly 1700 flowering spikes of this nationally rare species. The quarry is a breeding site for the Durham argus butterfly, a local race of the brown argus found only in northeast England.
The site attracted the interest of birdwatchers in 2002 when a pair of European bee-eaters took up residence, raising two young, only the third breeding attempt ever in Britain.
Bishop Middleham Quarry is managed as a Nature Reserve by the Durham Wildlife Trust.
# Biological screw joint

The biological screw joint is a naturally occurring form of the screw joint, a mechanical device that combines rotational movement with single-axis translation. Alexander Riedel of the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe and Thomas van de Kamp of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology discovered it in specimens of Trigonopterus oblongus, a weevil found in Papua.

## Discovery

Anatomical examination was made for specimens of the weevil species Trigonopterus oblongus, provided by the Karlsruhe State Museum of Natural History, using a microtomograph at the Institute of Synchrotron Radiation (ANKA) of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The analysis revealed that the weevils had a nut-and-screw system for the hip-leg joint.

## Mechanism

The mechanism has been described as "rotational movement combined with a single-axis translation".
The arthropod hip–leg joint consists of two parts – the coxa (or the hip) and the trochanter (or the head of the arthropod leg femur). The coxa, in the case of weevils, resembles a nut, and it has a thread running along its inner surface with an angular span of 345°. The trochanter resembles the screw. It is rod-shaped with a large external spiral flange, having an angular span of 410°, in excess of a full circle, which functions as a thread. When the leg muscles of a beetle are stretched, the screw turns. Though the screw-thread provide for very large angular rotation, the front legs of weevils are capable of rotating by 90°, while their hind legs can rotate by 130°.
The weevils are just 4 millimetres (0.16 in) long and can fold their legs below their body. The joint is just 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in) in size. Before this was discovered, all known hip-leg joints have been based on either the ball and socket joint system for hip-leg connections, as in humans, as hinges or as saddle joints. The discovery is the first ever instance of a musculoskeletal nut-and-screw system in the animal kingdom.

## Evolution

The screw-and-nut system has been found to be present in all 15 weevils examined by the scientists and appears to be a hitherto unknown anatomical feature of weevils. It has been estimated that weevils evolved this system about 100 million years ago. It is surmised that the development of this feature provided additional flexibility which permitted weevils to improve their climbing abilities, keep steady when at rest, and have stronger leverage for piercing by the snout.