OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georg Theodor August Gaffky

Georg Theodor August Gaffky (17 February 1850 – 23 September 1918) was a Hanover-born bacteriologist best known for identifying bacillus salmonella typhi as the cause of typhoid disease in 1884.

## Early life and career

Gaffky's parents were the shipping agent Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Gaffky, and Emma Schumacher. His medical studies at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin were completed in 1873 after an interruption by the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. His dissertation postulated a relationship between lead poisoning and kidney disease. He worked as an assistant at the Berlin Charité hospital and passed the state medical exams in 1875. He then worked as an army surgeon.
Gaffky worked as an assistant to Robert Koch in Berlin. Under Koch's leadership, Gaffky and others developed bacteriological protocols and achieved progress in identifying causes of infectious diseases.

## Principal discoveries

Following Karl Joseph Eberth's description of a bacillus suspected as the cause of typhus, and Koch's independent work on the same organism, Gaffky dedicated years to improving culture methods to isolate the bacillus. He was able to produce cultures in gelatin and other hosts.
In 1884, Gaffky published results reporting that he had isolated the eberthella or Gaffky-Eberth bacillus in 26 of 28 cases of typhoid.
Gaffky was later part of an expedition to Egypt in which Koch identified transmission methods of cholera. He became a government advisor during the 1892 cholera outbreak in Hamburg. He led an investigation of the 1897 outbreak of bubonic plague in India.
Gaffky served as director of the Berlin Institute for Infectious Diseases from 1904–1913.
# Geoffrey McGeachin

Geoffrey McGeachin (born 1949 in Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian photographer and author of crime fiction. He spent a period of time in the US in the 1970s as a commercial photographer, before returning to Melbourne where he now lives.
McGeachin is one of only four writers who have won the Best Novel category at the Ned Kelly Awards on multiple occasions; the others being Garry Disher, Michael Robotham and Peter Temple.

## Awards

* 2011, Ned Kelly Awards for Crime Writing, Best Novel: winner for The Diggers Rest Hotel
* 2013, Ned Kelly Awards for Crime Writing, Best Novel: winner for Blackwattle Creek
Note: references are provided on the individual Award pages.
# George Georgiou (professor)

George K. Georgiou is a Canadian educational psychologist who is a full professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Alberta. He also directs the J.P. Das Centre on Developmental and Learning Disabilities. His research primarily addresses the prevention and treatment of reading disabilities.

## Career

George started his career as an elementary school teacher in Cyprus before pursuing his graduate studies at the University of Alberta. As of 2008 he works as a professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Alberta. He is also the Director of the J.P. Das Centre on Developmental and Learning Disabilities. Finally, he is the associate editor for the journals Reading & Writing and The Reading League.

## Books

* The Phonics Companions (2022) ISBN 978-0137916207
* Better Together: Blending the Science of Reading and Professional Learning Communities at Work

## Honors

* 2024 Confederation of the Alberta Faculty Associations Distinguished Researcher Award
* 2022 Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal
* 2020 Killam Professorship Award
* 2019 Alberta Teachers' Association Educational Research Award
* Inducted into the college of the Royal Society of Canada in 2018.
* 2015 Richard E. Snow Award from the American Psychological Association (Division 15)
* 2014 Martha Cook Piper Research Award from the University of Alberta
# George Hastings

George Hastings may refer to:
* George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon (1488–1544), English nobleman
* George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon (1540–1604), English nobleman
* George Hastings, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (1677–1705)
* Sir George Hastings (died 1641), English MP for Leicester and Leicestershire
* Sir George Hastings (MP for Christchurch) (c. 1588–1651), English MP for Christchurch
* George Hastings (American politician) (1807–1866), US Congressman from New York's 28th District 1853–1855
* George Fowler Hastings (1814–1876), Royal Navy admiral
* George Hastings (MP for East Worcestershire) (1825–1917), British Member of Parliament for East Worcestershire 1880–1892
* George Hastings (footballer) (1877–1956), Australian rules footballer
# George Kempt

George Kempt (July 8, 1821 – March 9, 1885) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Victoria South in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Liberal Party of Canada member.
He was born in Cromarty, Scotland, in 1821, the son of Kenneth Kempt, and came to Peterborough County in Upper Canada with his family in 1831. Kempt was a lumber and grain merchant. He served on the township council for Lindsay, also serving as reeve. In 1872, he was named sheriff for Victoria County.
In 1849, he married Anne Jane Macaulay. He died in Lindsay at the age of 63.
# George Bernard Roskell

George Bernard Roskell (1850–1926) was an architect in Queensland, Australia. Some of his works are now heritage-listed.

## Early life

Roskell was born in 1850 in Calcutta, West Bengal, India, the son of sea captain Nicholas Wilfred Roskell and his wife Mary Charlotte Agnes (née Jones).

## Architectural career

Roskell was articled to architect EW Pugin in Dublin, Ireland. Pugin and his architect father Augustus Pugin were responsible for the design of a large number of Gothic Revival ecclesiastical buildings in Britain and Western Europe.
Roskell migrated to Sydney in 1881. In Sydney, he worked in partnership with John Bede Barlow between 1885 and 1891. The 1887 Church of St Canice in Rushcutters Bay and the 1889 St Francis of Assisi Church in Paddington, designed by the practice are both on the Sydney Local Heritage Register. Roskell then went to New Zealand, working for two firms known for their ecclesiastical projects.
Roskell relocated to Queensland as an employee of the Department of Public Works in 1907. Living in Dalby from 1909, he worked as clerk of the Dalby Town Council and also ran an architectural practice responsible for the Dalby National Bank (1910), the Dalby Hospital (1914) and the Wambo Shire Council offices (1916).

## Later life

Roskell died on 28 January 1926, at Parramatta, Sydney, aged 76 years old after a short illness.

## Significant works

* 1913: St Columba's Convent, Dalby
# 2023 Seoul Open Challenger – Doubles

Kaichi Uchida and Wu Tung-lin were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Max Purcell and Yasutaka Uchiyama won the title after defeating Chung Yun-seong and Yuta Shimizu 6–1, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* Rinky Hijikata / Marc Polmans (quarterfinals)
* Andrew Harris / John-Patrick Smith (quarterfinals)
* Ruben Gonzales / Reese Stalder (first round)
* Anirudh Chandrasekar / Vijay Sundar Prashanth (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | R Hijikata M Polmans | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J-s Nam M-k Song | 3 | 4 | | 1 | R Hijikata M Polmans | 4 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | |
| | L Saville T Schoolkate | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | M Purcell Y Uchiyama | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | |
| | M Purcell Y Uchiyama | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | M Purcell Y Uchiyama | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | A Chandrasekar VS Prashanth | 7 | 3 | [6] | | | | | | T Matsui K Uesugi | 3 | 3 | | | | |
| | G Diallo A Vukic | 5 | 6 | [10] | | G Diallo A Vukic | 2 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | |
| | T Matsui K Uesugi | 4 | 6 | [10] | | T Matsui K Uesugi | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | |
| WC | Jeong Yeong-seok J-m Lee | 6 | 3 | [4] | | | | | | | | | | M Purcell Y Uchiyama | 6 | 6 |
| | E Gómez B Holt | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | Y-s Chung Y Shimizu | 1 | 4 |
| | A Kadhe P Raja | 6 | 6 | | | A Kadhe P Raja | w/o | | | | | | | | | |
| PR | D Kudla T-S Kwiatkowski | 6 | 6 | | PR | D Kudla T-S Kwiatkowski | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | R Gonzales R Stalder | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | A Kadhe P Raja | 6 | 1 | [5] | | | |
| | Y-s Chung Y Shimizu | 6 | 3 | [11] | | | | | | Y-s Chung Y Shimizu | 1 | 6 | [10] | | | |
| | Y-h Hsu S Shimabukuro | 2 | 6 | [9] | | Y-s Chung Y Shimizu | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Shin San-hui Son Ji-hoon | 4 | 6 | [5] | 2 | A Harris J-P Smith | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Harris J-P Smith | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# George Turner (footballer, born 1887)

George Turner (1887–1958) was an English footballer who played for Stoke from 1908 to 1915. He was born in Stoke-upon-Trent.

## Career

Turner joined Stoke at a time when it seemed that football in Stoke-on-Trent was coming to an end with both professional clubs, Stoke and Port Vale both suffering financial meltdown and resignation from the Football League. Stoke's problem had been a disaster waiting to happen after a number of years of financial mismanagement and in 1907–08 season the club had lost the backing from their supporters who boycotted attending matches at the Victoria Ground. Chairman William Cowlishaw tried in vain to rally support and after admitting to failure he pulled Stoke out of the league and into liquidation. It was then the local interest returned to just two months later in June 1908 the club had been saved and a new board of directors had been appointed with Alfred Barker being made manager. After failing to gain a belated entrance in the Football League, Stoke had to start again in the Birmingham & District League.
Stoke re-branded themselves at Stoke F.C. (1908) in an attempt of re-ignite the local interest of football. Turner symbolised the rekindling of the interest of football in the city having had ambitions to become a gymnast at Halmer End Athletic Club Turner decided to play football instead, and joined Stoke, his decision was reported in the local newspaper, The Sentinel and his story was used as a marketing tool to get supporters back through the gates. He became a vital member of the club's revival as more player's joined the club and local interest in Stoke grew. For the club's first home match of the 1908–09 season against Aston Villa Reserves around 12,000 fans turned up and thus Stoke were able to continue with the safe knowledge that they still had the local support.
Turner became a firm fan favourite and club captain and he want of to amass 176 league appearances for the club and helping them to re-claim their league status in 1915. Despite being a defender Turner was the regular penalty taker and scored 17 goals most from the spot. He was widely expected to retain the captaincy for Stoke's return to the league in 1919 but during World War I he suffered a bad wound on his leg which had to be amputated after infection set in.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke | 1908–09 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Stoke | 1909–10 | 20 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 1 |
| Stoke | 1910–11 | 42 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 45 | 9 |
| Stoke | 1911–12 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 |
| Stoke | 1912–13 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 35 | 1 |
| Stoke | 1913–14 | 29 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 32 | 4 |
| Stoke | 1914–15 | 24 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 28 | 1 |
| Career Total | Career Total | 176 | 17 | 13 | 0 | 189 | 17 |
# George Clark (racing driver)

George H. Clark (October 8, 1877 – October 5, 1933) was an American racing driver.

## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1913 | 25 | 27 | 75.910 | 26 | 10 | 200 | 0 | Running |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 200 | 0 | |
| Starts | 1 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Top 5 | 0 |
| Top 10 | 1 |
| Retired | 0 |
# George William Chaster

George William Chaster (1863 – 5 May 1910) was an English medical doctor, entomologist, and conchologist.

## Life

George William Chaster was born in Wigan in 1863. He trained as a doctor at University College, Liverpool, winning the Lyon-Jones Scholarship in 1882 and was appointed the Holt Tutorial Fellow in 1889. He also won a number of medals during his training. He established his medical practice in Southport. He was one of the founding members of the Southport Natural Science Society and served as the editor of the Society's journal.
From a young age, Chaster was interested in the natural sciences, in particular conchology. He spent is holidays in Ireland, where he would dredge and collect specimens. Along with Irish naturalists, including Robert Welch, Chaster dredged around Rathlin Ireland in 1896 and 1897. He also took part in the Royal Irish Academy's Clare Island Survey. He was also interested in Foraminifera and Coleoptera, publishing numerous papers on a variety of topics. As well as collecting locally in Southport, he also collected in Nottinghamshire. In Ireland, he added a number of newly recorded species to lists. Chaster named the mollusc species, Arculus sykesii and Neolepton obliquatum, the genus Retrotortina with the monotypic species R. fuscata which is considered as Europe's smallest gastropod, and the genus Cima. The foraminifer species Rotalliella chasteri described by Edward Heron-Allen and Arthur Earland in 1913 under the genus Discorbina is named after him. He served as the vice-president of the Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland.
Chaster died on 5 May 1910 from pleuro-pneumonia. Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales holds his collection of around 11,000 insects, and 2,890 lots of molluscs. Robert Lloyd Praeger stated that "Irish conchology especially owes much to his work" and that his premature death "was a severe loss to Irish zoology". Obituaries were published in the British Medical Journal and The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine.
# George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg

George John II (German: Georg Johann II.) (24 June 1586 – 29 September 1654) was the co-Duke of Veldenz from 1592 until 1598 and the Duke of Guttenberg from 1598 until 1611, and the Duke of Lützelstein-Guttenberg from 1611 until 1654.

## Life

Georg Johann II was born in 1586 as the youngest son of Georg Johann I, Count Palatine of Lützelstein. His father died in 1592, and George John and his brothers succeeded him under the regency of their mother Anna of Sweden. In 1598 the brothers partitioned the territories; George John II received half of the Guttenberg territory. In 1601 he received the other half of Guttenberg when his brother Louis Philip died. In 1611 he inherited the County of Lützelstein following the death of his brother Johann Augustus. Georg Johann died in 1654.

## Marriage

George John married Princess Susanne of Pfalz-Sulzbach (6 June 1591 – 21 February 1661), daughter of the Count Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach, on 6 June 1613 and had the following children:
* Georg Otto (25 September 1614 – 30 August 1635)
* Anne Maria (20 June 1616 – 13 September 1616)
* John Frederick (5 September 1617 – 21 February 1618)
* Philip Louis (4 October 1619 – 19 March 1620)
Regnal titles :
| Preceded byGeorge John I | Duke of Veldenz 1592 – 1598 With: George Gustavus, Johann Augustus & Louis Philip | Duchy divided |
| New title | Duke of Guttenberg 1598 – 1654 With: Louis Philip (1598 – 1601) | Merged with County of Lützelstein |
| Preceded byJohann Augustus | Duke of Lützelstein 1611 – 1654 | Succeeded byLeopold Louis |
# George Marshall (academic)

George Marshall was Principal of Trevelyan College, University of Durham from 1995 to 1996, having been Acting-Principal from 1993.

## Academic career

Marshall was Senior Tutor of Trevelyan College from 1989 to 1992. In 1992, he was appointed Vice-Principal of the college. He served as Acting-Principal from 1993, and was Principal from 1995 to 1996.
As a scholar, his interests are mainly concerned with literature and also religious history. Among his writings is In a Distant Isle: Orkney Background of Edwin Muir, published in 1987.
# George Marshall (Victoria cricketer)

George Marshall (20 December 1829 – 6 March 1868) was an Australian cricketer. He played eleven first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1857 and 1864.
# George Nemeth

George Nemeth (April 10, 1933 – October 2, 2009) was a Hungarian Canadian psychologist, avant-garde trend poet, and writer.

## Biography

Nemeth was born in 1933, and grew up under Mátyás Rákosi's socialist regime. After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Nemeth fled Hungary, and settled in Canada. In 1957, Nemeth got his PhD in psychology from McGill University and taught psychology at Concordia University.
Nemeth began his poetic career in the 1960s. In 1981, he co-founded the Arkánum Magazine, which he also co-edited with Sándor András, Jószef Bakucz, and László Kemenes Géfin. He died in 2009 in Montreal.
# George Lilburne

George Lilburne (c.1585 – 23 August 1666) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1654. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.
Lilburne was the son of John Lilburne of Thickley Punchardon, and his wife Isabel Wortley, and was baptised at Auckland St Andrew on 16 January 1586. He settled at Sunderland and was probably a merchant adventurer and involved in the coal trade. Like others of his family he became heavily involved in politics. On the outbreak of the Civil War, he was Mayor of Sunderland and was the only opponent of the other magistrates of Durham and Northumberland who met and formed themselves into Commissioners of Array for the King to raise transport and supplies. As a result, Lilburne was imprisoned and kept at Durham and then York. Although it was against his conscience, Lilburne signed a warrant 12 September 1642 with William Carnaby, Thomas Ridell Jnr and Thomas Lydell to requisition horses to carry ammunition for the Kings forces under the Marquis of Newcastle. Sunderland remained Royalist until captured for Parliament by the Scottish army in 1644. Parliament then wanted to restore the coal trade and bargained with the Royalists for the release of George Lilburne in exchange for a prominent Royalist prisoner. He found the mines in very poor condition. He was then the only magistrate in Sunderland and sat on all the committees of sequestration. He managed to get hold of the Harraton colliery belonging to the lessees of Sir John Hedworth. However it was not back into production until 1647.
In 1654, Lilburne was elected Member of Parliament for County Durham in the First Protectorate Parliament. This was the first time that the County of Durham was represented in parliament.
Lilburne was one of the governors of Kepyer School. After the restoration he built a north wing of the hospital and endowed it.
Lilburne died in 1666 (although some sources give his death as occurring in 1677).
Lilburne married firstly Jane Chambers and had a son Thomas who was a parliamentary soldier and MP. He married secondly Eleanor Hicks and had further children. Through his son William, he was the ancestor of US President Thomas Jefferson. Lilburne was the uncle of Robert Lilburne, the parliamentary soldier, and John Lilburne, known as Free-Born for outspoken support of democratic freedoms.
# George Roberts (Western Australian politician)

George Frederick Roberts (2 February 1913 – 22 July 1962) was an Australian politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1955 until his death, representing the seat of Bunbury.
Roberts was born in Bunbury, and attended Bunbury High School. After leaving school, he worked as a livestock auctioneer. He enlisted in the Australian Army in November 1939, and served as a lieutenant with the 2/11th and 2/33rd Battalions in Europe. After being discharged in 1941, Roberts returned to Bunbury, where he became the managing director of a local department store, Thomas Hayward & Son. A founding member of the Liberal Party, he was elected to parliament at the 1955 Bunbury by-election, caused by the death of the sitting Labor member, Frank Guthrie. He was re-elected three times (in 1955, 1959 and 1962), but, like his predecessor, died in office. Roberts was elected as Chairman of Committees in Legislative Assembly in July 1959. George Roberts had married Dorothy Harriet Christey in 1951, with whom he had three children, Kim, Helen & Ian Roberts.
# 23 Division (Sri Lanka)

The 23 Division is a division of the Sri Lanka Army. Established on 1 January 1990 as the 3 Division. It was renamed as the 23 Division on 23 Jul 1997. The division is currently based in Punanai in the Eastern Province. The division is a part of Security Forces Headquarters – East and has three brigades.
# 23 Cygni

23 Cygni is a single, blue-white hued star in the northern constellation Cygnus. It is a faint star, visible to the naked eye, with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.14. The distance to this star, as estimated from its annual parallax shift of 5.9 mas, is about 550 light years. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −32 km/s, and is expected to come as near as 166 light-years in around 5.6 million years. At that distance, the current star would be of magnitude 2.24.
This is an ordinary B-type main-sequence star of spectral type B5V, a star that is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. It is roughly 26 million years old with 4.7 times the mass of the Sun and 4.3 times the Sun's radius. The star has a high rate of spin, having a projected rotational velocity of 145 km/s. It is radiating 612 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 14,893 K.
# Faxonius cooperi

Faxonius cooperi, the Flint River crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Alabama and Tennessee in the United States. The common name refers to the Flint River, where the original specimens were found.
# Faxonius eupunctus

Faxonius eupunctus, the coldwater crayfish, is a vulnerable species of crayfish found in Missouri and Arkansas.
# Faïza Tsabet

Faïza Tsabet (born March 22, 1985, in Chlef) is an Algerian international volleyball player. She played for the national team. She has been part of Algeria's Olympic volleyball team in 2008.
In April 2012, she took part in the 2012 FIVB Grand Prix play-offs, but shortly afterwards she suddenly retired from professional volleyball.

## Club information

* Previous club : NR Chlef (2010–2012)
* Previous club : CV Tenerife
* Previous club : Istres volleyball (2006–2009)
* Debut club : GS Chlef (1998–2006)
# Fergus Hunt

Fergus Hunt (born 1876) was an English footballer, who played as a striker or right-winger.

## Club career

After beginning his career with Mexborough and Middlesbrough Ironopolis, Hunt joined Darwen after taking a season out of football.
Hunt joined Woolwich Arsenal in May 1897, becoming a key player for the club after scoring 30 goals in all competitions in his first two seasons at the club, holding the accolade of the club's top scorer in his first two seasons at the club.
In 1900, Hunt joined West Ham United as Arnold Hills began to assemble his new club, a continuation of Thames Ironworks, and no fewer than six players were bought into the club alongside him. On 1 September 1900, Hunt scored on his debut against Gravesend United in a 7–0 victory.
Following a spell with Shildon, Hunt retired from football in 1907.

## Personal life

Hunt's birth year is disputed, with multiple sources giving his birth year as 1874, 1875 or 1876.
# 20 Years of Noise 1985–2005

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