# Voluntary ecological year

The voluntary ecological year in Austria and Germany is an educational and orientation year for teenagers and young adults of ages 16 through 27. The voluntary ecological year can be attended only once and usually lasts 12 months (from 1 August to 31 July of the following year).

## Germany
### History

In 1998 the Voluntary Ecological Year (in German: Freiwilliges Ökologisches Jahr /FÖJ) was introduced as a model project in various states in Germany. In 2002 the legal bill regarding the Freiwilliges Ökologisches Jahr passed parliamentary procedure and the FÖJ was officially established.
By June 1, 2008 a new legislation is regulating youth voluntary services. Until then, the law promoting a voluntary ecological year was in effect.
From 2002 until the suspension of conscription and therefore the mandatory alternative service in 2011 as well, it was also possible for recognized conscientious objector to do the Voluntary Ecological Year as an alternative service.

### Mission and structure

Today, the Voluntary Ecological Year can be credited as a so-called "waiting term" or "waiting semester" until getting admission to a university. It is financially supported and implemented by the states and individual agencies respectively. The volunteers organize their positions independently in state and federal agencies.
The FÖJ can also be completed abroad, for example in France as the so-called Franco-German Ecological Year. However, the number of positions is very limited and there is a very high demand.
FÖJ sponsors are mostly non-profit youth organizations, such as churches or environmental protection associations. These agencies and organisations take on the selection of the operational areas and the support for the volunteers.
There are currently around 3,000 FÖJ sites in Germany and in addition about 600 positions of the Federal volunteers service for economic protection.
Lists of the FÖJ locations are available from the providers in the respective state.

#### Speaker system

The FÖJ has developed a nationally established speaker system. The system is built on a democratic basis. In each state there are different numbers of providers who form the seminar groups with their FÖJ participants. In these seminar groups i. d. As a rule, two group spokespersons are elected, who go to group spokesperson meetings and there elect the state spokespersons (also called federal delegates), who represent the FÖJ in the respective state. Subsequently, all state spokesmen of the 16 federal states of Germany take part in a federal delegates' conference at which five federal spokespersons are elected to represent the FÖJ in Germany and the interests of all FÖJ volunteers in public, the press and politics.

#### Areas of operation

Possible areas of experience and work for FÖJers are possible in a variety of areas. For example in the following:
* Agriculture, forestry and horticulture
* Environment related jobs in companies
* Environmental education
* Work in environmental associations
* Engagement in environmental centers, animal welfare and nature conservation centers
* Work in public authorities, in relation with environment
* Food processing
* Scientific environmental protection

#### Seminars

The providers of the FÖJ have to organize a minimum of 25 seminar days per year. In the respective seminars, fixed topics such as ecosystems, sustainability or globalization are discussed. These days are usually organized by FÖJ speakers or by self-organization. The participants can also acquire additional qualification modules, such as the modules education or "green jobs".

#### Costs

The cost of the FÖJ are defrayed by the providers and partly the states. The volunteers in the Voluntary Ecological Year, who are sometimes still minors, basically consists of monthly pocket money of around €180 to €370 as well as food and accommodation. If food and accommodation is not provided, it is paid out in full or in part. In addition, government grants different sponsorships.

## Austria

The Voluntary Ecological Year or also the Voluntary Environmental Year (German: Freiwilliges Umweltjahr / FUJ) in Austria offers young people from 17 years of age the opportunity to get involved in environmental and sustainability issues. The legal background to this is noted in regulation in Sections 22–24 in the Volunteer Act.
It is aimed at young adults who are in a professional orientation phase and are interested in environmental, nature conservation and sustainability topics.
The agencies and providers for the Voluntary Environmental Year are approved by the Minister for Environment. Framework
Due to the existing conscription for military service in Austria, since 2013 the FUJ is an alternative compulsory service to the mandatory service in the Austrian Armed Forces for males.