OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Integrated mathematics

Integrated mathematics is the term used in the United States to describe the style of mathematics education which integrates many topics or strands of mathematics throughout each year of secondary school. Each math course in secondary school covers topics in algebra, geometry, trigonometry and functions. Nearly all countries throughout the world, except the United States, normally follow this type of integrated curriculum.
In the United States, topics are usually integrated throughout elementary school up to the seventh or sometimes eighth grade. Beginning with high school level courses, topics are usually separated so that one year a student focuses entirely on algebra (if it was not already taken in the eighth grade), the next year entirely on geometry, then another year of algebra (sometimes with trigonometry), and later an optional fourth year of precalculus or calculus. Precalculus is the exception to the rule, as it usually integrates algebra, trigonometry, and geometry topics. Statistics may be integrated into all the courses or presented as a separate course.
New York State began using integrated math curricula in the 1980s, but recently returned to a traditional curriculum. A few other localities in the United States have also tried such integrated curricula, including Georgia, which mandated them in 2008 but subsequently made them optional. More recently, a few other states have mandated that all districts change to integrated curricula, including North Carolina, Illinois, West Virginia and Utah. Some districts in other states, including California, have either switched or are considering switching to an integrated curriculum.
Under the Common Core Standards adopted by most states in 2012, high school mathematics may be taught using either a traditional American approach or an integrated curriculum. The only difference would be the order in which the topics are taught. Supporters of using integrated curricula in the United States believe that students will be able to see the connections between algebra and geometry better in an integrated curriculum.
General mathematics is another term for a mathematics course organized around different branches of mathematics, with topics arranged according to the main objective of the course. When applied to primary education, the term general mathematics may encompass mathematical concepts more complex than basic arithmetic, like number notation, addition and multiplication tables, fractions and related operations, measurement units. When used in context of higher education, the term may encompass mathematical terminology and concepts, finding and applying appropriate techniques to solve routine problems, interpreting and representing practical information given in various forms, interpreting and using mathematical models, and constructing mathematical arguments to solve familiar and unfamiliar problems.
# Bleak, Virginia

Bleak is an unincorporated community in Fauquier County, Virginia, United States.
Bleak had postal facilities in the early 1900s.
# Blue Zone (band)

Blue Zone (known as Blue Zone UK in the United States due to a naming dispute there) were a 1980s British band. The group consisted of Lisa Stansfield (lead vocals), Ian Devaney (trombone, keyboards, guitar, backing vocals) and Andy Morris (trumpet, flugelhorn, electronic keyboards, backing vocals).

## History

After the singles "On Fire", "Thinking About His Baby" (released in 1987), "Jackie" and album Big Thing (released in 1988), the trio and label Arista decided to focus on Stansfield's solo career. Morris would co-write and co-produce the first three Stansfield albums before departing the trio. Devaney and Stansfield would eventually marry and now own a music publishing business while they also continue to write and record together.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details |
| Big Thing | Released: November 1988 Label: Arista Formats: CD, LP, cassette |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | UK | NLD | US | US Dance | Album |
| "Love Will Wait" | 1986 | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Finest Thing" | 1986 | — | — | — | — | — |
| "On Fire" | 1987 | 99 | 56 | — | — | Big Thing |
| "Thinking About His Baby" | 1988 | 79 | — | — | — | Big Thing |
| "Big Thing" | 1988 | — | — | — | — | — |
| "Jackie" | 1988 | — | — | 54 | 37 | Big Thing |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or was not released |||||||
# Blue Yonder EZ Harvard

The Blue Yonder EZ Harvard is a Canadian designed and built, single-engined, single-seat aircraft provided as a completed aircraft or in kit form by Blue Yonder Aviation. The aircraft is a 75% scale replica of the North American Harvard trainer of the Second World War.
The aircraft can be constructed in Canada as a basic ultra-light, or amateur-built aircraft, but is not currently available as an advanced ultra-light.

## Development

The EZ Harvard was designed by Wayne Winters of Indus, Alberta and based on the earlier EZ King Cobra. The project was started as a customer request for a scale Harvard replica and was later offered as a commercially available kit aircraft.
Winters created the EZ Harvard by using the cantilever wing design from the EZ King Cobra and added 4 feet (1.2 m) additional span, to increase the wingspan to 31 feet (9.4 m) and the wing area to 176 sq ft (16.4 m$^2$). The fuselage was redesigned to give the round cross section, glazed canopy and distinctive fin shape of the original Harvard. The aircraft retained the Junkers ailerons of the original Merlin wing along with the Clark "Y" airfoil and construction featuring a leading edge "D" cell and foam ribs. The fuselage is constructed of welded 4130 steel tube. Even though the Harvard was originally a two-seat aircraft the EZ Harvard is a single seater with the prototype powered by a Rotax 582 two stroke engine of 64 hp (48 kW).
The prototype of the new design flew in 2002. In the basic ultralight version gross weight is limited to the category maximum of 1,200 lb (544 kg).
The EZ Harvard has a large round cowling that can accommodate a variety of powerplants:
* Rotax 503 50 hp (37 kW)
* Rotax 582 64 hp (48 kW)
* Rotax 912 80 hp (60 kW)

## Operational history

Despite being widely demonstrated no further orders have been received for the type and the prototype remains the sole flying example.

## Specifications (Rotax 582)

Data from Blue Yonder website
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: 705 lb (320 kg) useful load
* Length: 21 ft 0 in (6.4 m)
* Wingspan: 31 ft 0 in (9.5 m)
* Height: 7 ft 0 in (2.1 m)
* Wing area: 176 sq ft (16.4 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: Clark Y
* Empty weight: 495 lb (224 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,200 lb (544 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 582 fixed pitch, 64 hp (48 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 100 mph (162 km/h, 87 kn)
* Cruise speed: 90 mph (146 km/h, 78 kn)
* Stall speed: 40 mph (65 km/h, 35 kn)
* Range: 382 mi (615 km, 332 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 12,000 ft (3,660 m)
* Power/mass: 18.75 lb/hp (0.09 kW/kg)
# Blonde on Blonde (rock group)

Blonde on Blonde was a guitar-led psychedelic rock group from South Wales.
The band was formed in Newport in 1967 by vocalist/guitarist Ralph Denyer, drummer Les Hicks, bassist/organist Richard Hopkins and guitarist/sitar player Gareth Johnson. The band was named after Bob Dylan's 1966 album of the same name.
In 1968 the quartet left Wales for London, and was joined by guitarist Simon Lawrance, playing clubs such as Middle Earth and appearing on the BBC TV series How Late It Is. Signing to Pye Records, they released their first album, Contrasts, produced by Barry Murray, in 1969. The album included the Robin Williamson covers "No Sleep Blues" and "I Need My Friend", and a cover of The Beatles' "Eleanor Rigby". That summer they appeared at the Isle of Wight Festival.
1970's Rebirth was released on Ember Records after a personnel change that saw Ralph Denyer joining Aquila and replaced by school friend David Thomas. Thomas' introduction gave the band a tougher, rock-oriented sound. Their second album included Moody Blues–styled ballads ("Castles In The Sky"), progressive rock songs ("You'll Never Know Me/Release") and fuzz-guitar-based rockers ("November").
In 1971 Richard Hopkins left and was replaced by Graham Davis. Blonde on Blonde's final album, Reflections on a Life, was released by Ember Records in 1971, but the band achieved only modest commercial success. They disbanded in early 1972.
Ralph Denyer went on to co-write The Guitar Handbook with Isaac Guillory. He died in 2011.
Richard Hopkins died in late October 2022.
Les Hicks died 29 October 2022.

## Discography
### Singles

* 1968 - "All Day All Night" / "Country Life"
* 1969 - "I Need My Friend" / "Conversationally Making the Grade"
* 1969 - "Castles in the Sky" / "Circles"

### Albums

* June 1969 - Contrasts
* 1970 - Rebirth
* 1971 - Reflections on a Life
# Blücher Memorial, Berlin

The Blücher Memorial on Bebelplatz green space in Berlin's Mitte district commemorates the Prussian field marshal and freedom fighter Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher (1742–1819). Created from 1819 to 1826 by Christian Daniel Rauch in neoclassical style, it is a masterpiece of the Berlin school of sculpture. Until 1950 the bronze statue stood at the front of Unter den Linden avenue, with which it formed an urban ensemble, and since 1963 it has stood at the back of the current location.

## Gallery

* Full view, 1870s
* Blücher statue
* "Return of the Quadriga" relief
* Original location on Unter den Linden
* Current location on Bebelplatz
# Bob Gardiner

Bob Gardiner may refer to:
* Bob Gardiner (animator) (1951–2005), animator who helped pioneer what would become known as Claymation
* Bob Gardiner (racewalker) (born 1936), Australian former racewalker
# Boardwalk Battle Tournament

The Boardwalk Battle Tournament is an early-season college basketball tournament operated by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame that takes place in early December of each year.
The tournament had its inaugural run in December 2018. The tournament's name was changed from the Boardwalk Classic to the Boardwalk Battle Tournament in 2019.

## History

Beginning in December 2018, the Boardwalk Battle Tournament featured eight teams in a quadruple header.

### Yearly Results

| Date | Winner | Score | Opponent | Location |
| December 15, 2018 | Princeton | 85–81 | Iona | Boardwalk Hall Atlantic City, New Jersey |
| December 15, 2018 | Temple | 77–75$^{OT}$ | Davidson | Boardwalk Hall Atlantic City, New Jersey |
| December 15, 2018 | NC State | 89–78 | Penn State | Boardwalk Hall Atlantic City, New Jersey |
| December 15, 2018 | No. 13 Virginia Tech | 73–61 | Washington | Boardwalk Hall Atlantic City, New Jersey |

## Wins By Team

| Team | Wins | Years |
| NC State | 1 | 2018 |
| Princeton | 1 | 2018 |
| Temple | 1 | 2018 |
| Virginia Tech | 1 | 2018 |
| Davidson | 0 | 2018 |
| Iona | 0 | 2018 |
| Penn State | 0 | 2018 |
| Washington | 0 | 2018 |
# Boardwalk Empire Volume 1: Music from the HBO Original Series

Boardwalk Empire Volume 1: Music from the HBO Original Series is a soundtrack for the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire, released in September 2011 through Elektra Records. The album reached a peak position of number eight on Billboard's Top Jazz Albums chart and earned the 2012 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media.

## Track listing

* "Livery Stable Blues", performed by Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks
* "The Dumber They Come the Better I Like 'Em", performed by Stephen DeRosa
* "My Man", performed by Regina Spektor
* "Darktown Strutters' Ball", performed by Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks
* "Crazy Blues", performed by Catherine Russell
* "Mournin' Blues", performed by Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks
* "Some of These Days", performed by Kathy Brier
* "Margie", performed by Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks
* "Carrickfergus", performed by Loudon Wainwright III
* "Wild Romantic Blues", performed by Nellie McKay
* "After You Get What You Want (You Don't Want It)", performed by Kathy Brier
* "The Sheik of Araby", performed by Leon Redbone
* "Japanese Sandman", performed by Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks
* "Don't Put a Tax On the Beautiful Girls", performed by Kathy Brier
* "All by Myself", performed by Martha Wainwright
* "Life's a Funny Proposition After All", performed by Stephen DeRosa
Track listing adapted from Entertainment Weekly.
Deluxe Version (bonus tracks):
* "Japanese Sandman (uke version)", performed by Lauren Sharpe
* "Maple Leaf Rag", performed by Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks
* "Alice Blue Gown", performed by Amber Edwards
* "Harlem Strut", performed by Mark Shane
# Boardwalk Chapel

Boardwalk Chapel (formally, "The Boardwalk Chapel") is a summertime Christian Gospel outreach on the two-mile boardwalk on the barrier island of The Wildwoods, New Jersey which holds 77 consecutive evening services during June, July, and August, open to boardwalkers.
In the early 1940s Rev. Leslie Dunn, pastor of Calvary Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Wildwood, New Jersey, walked up and down the boardwalk of The Wildwoods conducting open-air preaching services. He discovered an empty lot towards the southern end of the boardwalk that was to be sold at a citywide tax auction. He persuaded fellow church members to allow him to bid, but no more than US$3,000; Dunn was the highest bidder at $2,950. The Gospel Pavilion, its original name, had been built during the waning months of World War II. Nightly services began in July 1945, a few weeks before Japan's surrender.
Since its inception the Chapel has been operated by the Presbytery of New Jersey of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Its hand-drawn logo depicts the Christian cross rising out of an Atlantic Ocean wave.
Over the years, the chapel has become a landmark for tourists visiting Wildwood. In 2005 a Washington Post travel article said "People come to Wildwood for its beaches ... and for the boardwalk, a roughly three-mile-long human circus of noise, junk food and amusement rides. The boardwalk—part honky-tonk, part family playground—has a few quirks that give it an endearing quality. The ... Boardwalk Chapel, between a tattoo parlor and a pizza parlor, has been the voice in the carny wilderness for 61 years."
# Bob Robison

Bob Robison is an American former slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. He won two medals at the 1979 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Jonquière, Quebec, with a gold in the C-1 team event and a bronze in the C-1 event.
Robison co-founded travel management software company Outtask, Inc. which was subsequently acquired by Concur Technologies in January 2006. He remained with the merged company, leading Concur's global services until after the SAP- Concur acquisition in 2014. Robison currently resides in the Washington, D.C., area with his wife and three daughters.
# Into the Darkness (novel)

Into the Darkness (1999) is a fantasy novel by American writer Harry Turtledove, the first book in the Darkness series.

## Plot summary

War breaks out in Derlavai a generation or two after the Six Years war. Most of the countries that declare war on Algarve do so only half-heartedly, allowing the Algarvians to use that reluctancy to their advantage. The Algarvians split Forthweg with Unkerlant and then overrun Valmiera, Jelgava, and Sibiu, while Unkerlant wrests away part of Zuwayza. Lagoas joins the war when Sibiu is taken. The book ends when the Algarvians "get the drop on" the Unkerlanters in Forthweg (who were plotting to attack them first). Kuusamo, meanwhile, tries to seize Obuda from Gyongyos but fails. Yanina succeeds in gaining control of the Land of the Ice People.
# Inzersdorf

Inzersdorf may refer to:
* The municipality Inzersdorf im Kremstal, Upper Austria
* The community of Inzersdorf ob der Traisen of the municipality Inzersdorf-Getzersdorf, Lower Austria
* Inzersdorf (Vienna), an early district in Vienna, and now a part of 23rd Viennese district Liesing
* Inzersdorf-Stadt, now a part of 10th Viennese district Favoriten
# Blum–Shub–Smale machine

In computation theory, the Blum–Shub–Smale machine, or BSS machine, is a model of computation introduced by Lenore Blum, Michael Shub and Stephen Smale, intended to describe computations over the real numbers. Essentially, a BSS machine is a Random Access Machine with registers that can store arbitrary real numbers and that can compute rational functions over reals in a single time step. It is closely related to the Real RAM model.
BSS machines are more powerful than Turing machines, because the latter are by definition restricted to a finite set of symbols. A Turing machine can represent a countable set (such as the rational numbers) by strings of symbols, but this does not extend to the uncountable real numbers.

## Definition

A BSS machine M is given by a list $I$ of $N+1$ instructions (to be described below), indexed $0,1,\dots ,N$. A configuration of M is a tuple $(k,r,w,x)$, where $k$ is the index of the instruction to be executed next, $r$ and $w$ are registers holding non-negative integers, and $x=(x_{0},x_{1},\ldots )$ is a list of real numbers, with all but finitely many being zero. The list $x$ is thought of as holding the contents of all registers of M. The computation begins with configuration $(0,0,0,x)$ and ends whenever $k=N$; the final content of $x$ is said to be the output of the machine.
The instructions of M can be of the following types:
* Computation: a substitution $x_{0}:=g_{k}(x)$ is performed, where $g_{k}$ is an arbitrary rational function (a quotient of two polynomial functions with arbitrary real coefficients); registers $r$ and $w$ may be changed, either by $r:=0$ or $r:=r+1$ and similarly for $w$. The next instruction is $k+1$.
* Branch($l$): if $x_{0}\geq 0$ then goto $l$; else goto $k+1$.
* Copy($x_{r},x_{w}$): the content of the "read" register $x_{r}$ is copied into the "written" register $x_{w}$; the next instruction is $k+1$.

## Theory

Blum, Shub and Smale defined the complexity classes P (polynomial time) and NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) in the BSS model. Here NP is defined by adding an existentially-quantified input to a problem. They give a problem which is NP-complete for the class NP so defined: existence of roots of quartic polynomials. This is an analogue of the Cook-Levin Theorem for real numbers.
# Boddagunta

Boddagunta is a village in Y. Ramavaram Mandal, East Godavari district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, This Village had a population of 97, out of which 45 were male and 52 were female. Population of children below 6 years of age were 16%. The literacy rate of the village is 17%.
# Bo Sundqvist

Bo Sundqvist (born 21 September 1941) is a Swedish physicist and former rector magnificus of Uppsala University.
Sundqvist was educated at Uppsala University, where he received his PhD in Nuclear Physics. He was appointed professor of Ion physics in 1987, and elected rector magnificus in 1997, a position he held until his retirement on 30 June 2006. He was president of the Association of Swedish Higher Education, a co-operative body for more than 40 institutions of higher education in Sweden, in 2005–2006.
He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and was the president of the academy from 1 July 2006 until 30 June 2009. He is also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala, and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
# Bodo saltans virus

The Bodo saltans virus is a giant virus of the Mimiviridae family that infects the protozoa Bodo saltans. It has a genome of 1.39 megabases, one of the largest known viral genomes.
# Iqbal (politician)

Iqbal is an Indian politician and a member of the 15th and 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Chandpur constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.

## Early life and education

Iqbal was born in Bijnor district, Uttar Pradesh. He received education till twelfth grade. Before being elected as MLA, he used to work as a businessperson.

## Political career

Iqbal has been a MLA for two straight terms and represents the Chandpur constituency. He is a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | March 2007 | March 2012 | Member, 15th Legislative Assembly | |
| 02 | March 2012 | March 2017 | Member, 16th Legislative Assembly | |
# Iraqi Council

Iraqi Council may refer to:
* Council of Representatives of Iraq, the unicameral legislature of Iraq
* Iraqi Governing Council, the provisional government of Iraq from July 13, 2003, to June 1, 2004
* Iraqi National Dialogue Council, a Sunni Islamist political party initially established as an umbrella organization of approximately ten smaller Sunni parties to take part in the 2005 Iraqi Constitution drafting process
* Revolutionary Command Council (Iraq), the ultimate decision-making body in Iraq before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq
# Iraqi Constitutional Party

The Iraqi Constitutional Party is a political party in Iraq that was founded by Jawad Bulani in June 2005. The party is considered to be moderate and non-sectarian based. The party performed well for a non-sect based party in the governorate elections of 2009, leading to one seat in the Salah ad-Din Governorate and two in the Wasit Governorate. The party is led by Jawad al-Bulani. For the 2010 Iraqi Elections they joined Sheikh Abu Risha's Iraq Unity List. Iraqi Constitutional Party won 3 seats in Wasit but did not win any Salah Ad Din.
# Bob Snider

Bob Snider is a Canadian singer/songwriter.
Snider grew up in Toronto and later moved to Bear River, Nova Scotia, Canada. Upon returning to Toronto in the 1980s, he befriended Bob Wiseman and other songwriters in the Toronto open stages at Fat Albert's coffee house. The Leslie Spit Treeo, Ron Sexsmith and Kyp Harness were notable friends. Bob Wiseman produced and arranged the debut record entitled You which garnered attention far and wide leading to a deal with EMI. A folk musician, Snider plays almost exclusively songs he has written himself, although notable exception was at the Bear River Reunion, where he played a cover of an old blues tune. Snider's songs have been covered by Ashley MacIsaac, Meryn Cadell and the Leslie Spit Treeo. Moxy Früvous has also covered Ash Hash on The 'b' Album. Over the years he could often be found busking in Toronto's Kensington Market district. In 2009, he relocated permanently to Bear River, Nova Scotia. His daughter, fabric artist/ designer Sarah Snider also lives there.

## Discography

* You (1989)
* Live at the Free Times Cafe (1989)
* Caterwaul & Doggerel (1995)
* Poetreason: The Songs of Bob Snider (1996)
* Words and Pictures (1997)
* Stealin' Home (2002)
* The Street Takes you In (2007)
* A Maze In Greys (2008)
# Iridana bwamba

Iridana bwamba is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Uganda (from the western part of the country to the Bwamba Valley).