OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catànies

Catànies (Catalan pronunciation:, singular: catània) is a chocolate sweet typical of Vilafranca del Penedès and some other near towns made with marcona almonds. They are toasted and covered first by caramel and then by a thick layer of white chocolate or a mixture of almond, hazelnut and milk. Finally, they are covered by a thin layer of powdered black chocolate, sometimes mixed with a little bit of icing sugar. They are often offered as a gift or served alongside coffee after a meal.
# Blossom Wigdor

Blossom Wigdor CM (born June 13, 1924) is a Canadian clinical psychologist and gerontologist. She is a professor emerita at the University of Toronto. Wigdor was the director of the University of Toronto's gerontology program, the first of its kind in Canada. She founded the Canadian Association of Gerontology and was the first editor of the Canadian Journal of Aging. Wigdor was known for her efforts to raise awareness around discrimination against older employees and candidates in the workplace and the job market. She was named a member of the Order of Canada in November 1988.

## Biography

Wigdor (née Temkin) was born in Montreal, Quebec, on June 13, 1924. Her parents were Russian Jewish immigrants. She earned an undergraduate degree from McGill University in 1941.
Wigdor married engineer Leon Wigdor in 1945 and moved to Toronto. She completed a master's degree in psychology from the University of Toronto, under the supervision of Mary Louise Northway.
Wigdor worked as a clinical psychologist in Toronto's Sunnybrook Hospital in the 1940s, then at Montreal's Queen Mary Veterans' Hospital.
Wigdor returned to Montreal to in 1947 and began her PhD at McGill in 1949. After earning her PhD in clinical psychology in 1952, she taught at the university for another 27 years. She continued her clinical work during this time, and was named chief psychologist of Queen Mary Veterans' Hospital in 1961.
At McGill, Wigdor developed an interest and specialization in gerontology. At the suggestion of collaborator Donald O. Hebb, she studied the cognitive development (including intelligence and memory) of older adults.
Wigdor joined the University of Toronto in 1979 and became the founding director of its gerontology program, the first at a Canadian university.
In 1989, Wigdor's book, The Over-Forty Society: Issues for Canada's Aging Population (co-written with economist David Foot), was published. The book examined the impacts of an aging population on Canadian society.
In 1990, Wigdor was named chair of Canada's National Advisory Council on Aging. The same year, she oversaw the official opening of the Centre for Studies of Aging at the University of Toronto, which she was its director from 1989 to 1991.
Wigdor retired in the 1990s and became a professor emerita at the University of Toronto.
Her husband, Leon, died in 1991. Wigdor remarried in 2002.
# Blasius theorem

In fluid dynamics, Blasius theorem states that the force experienced by a two-dimensional fixed body in a steady irrotational flow is given by
    $F_{x}-iF_{y}={\frac {i\rho }{2}}\oint _{C}\left({\frac {\mathrm {d} w}{\mathrm {d} z}}\right)^{2}\mathrm {d} z$
and the moment about the origin experienced by the body is given by
    $M=\Re \left\{-{\frac {\rho }{2}}\oint _{C}z\left({\frac {\mathrm {d} w}{\mathrm {d} z}}\right)^{2}\mathrm {d} z\right\}.$
Here,
* $(F_{x},F_{y})$ is the force acting on the body,
* $\rho$ is the density of the fluid,
* $C$ is the contour flush around the body,
* $w=\phi +i\psi$ is the complex potential ($\phi$ is the velocity potential, $\psi$ is the stream function),
* ${\mathrm {d} w}/{\mathrm {d} z}=u_{x}-iu_{y}$ is the complex velocity ($(u_{x},u_{y})$ is the velocity vector),
* $z=x+iy$ is the complex variable ($(x,y)$ is the position vector),
* $\Re$ is the real part of the complex number, and
* $M$ is the moment about the coordinate origin acting on the body.
The first formula is sometimes called Blasius–Chaplygin formula.
The theorem is named after Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius, who derived it in 1911. The Kutta–Joukowski theorem directly follows from this theorem.
# Blepharomastix stenothyris

Blepharomastix stenothyris is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Panama.
# Boak & Paris

Boak & Paris was an American architectural firm best known for designing multiple pre-war buildings in Manhattan before and during the Great Depression. It was founded by Russell M. Boak and Hyman F. Paris.

## History

Russell M. Boak and Hyman F. Paris were alumni of architect Emery Roth, who had designed pre-war luxury residential buildings such as The San Remo and The El Dorado. Boak and Paris established their own architectural practice in 1927.

## Founders
### Russell M. Boak

Russell M. Boak was born on September 25, 1896, in the Bronx, New York. He attended public school and after eighth grade, he started as a draftsman in the office of Emery Roth.

### Hyman F. Paris

Little is known about the early years of Hyman Paris. He was born in Austria. Records indicates that he was not registered as an architect until 1922, and had been employed by George F. Pelham in 1917 and by Emery Roth from 1912 to 1923.

## Buildings

Boak & Paris have designed numerous residential buildings that are now landmark or part of a landmark historic district of the City of New York.
* 139 East 94th Street (1928)
* 152 East 94th Street (1937)
* 315 Riverside Drive (1930)
* 450 West End Avenue (1931)
* 45 Christopher Street (1931)
* 302 West 12th Street (1931)
* 336 West End Avenue (1932)
* 2624-2626 Broadway (1933)
* 143 West 72nd Street (1935)
* 5 Riverside Drive (1936)
* 3-11 West 86th Street (1937)
* 100 Riverside Drive (1938)
* 20 Fifth Avenue (1940)
# Junín Canton

Junín Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Manabí Province. Its capital is the town of Junín. Its population at the 2001 census was 18,496.

## Demographics

Ethnic groups as of the Ecuadorian census of 2010:
* Mestizo 71.8%
* Montubio 19.4%
* Afro-Ecuadorian 5.4%
* White 3.4%
* Indigenous 0.0%
* Other 0.1%
# Bletia purpurea

Bletia purpurea, common name pine-pink or sharp-petaled bletia, is a species of orchid widespread across much of Latin America and the West Indies, and also found in Florida. They are terrestrial in swamps or sometimes found growing on logs or stumps above the high tide mark.
Bletia purpurea can reach a length of 180 cm (5 feet). It has ovoid (egg-shaped) pseudobulbs up to 4 cm (1.6 inches) in diameter. Leaves are linear or narrowly elliptic, up to 100 cm (40 inches) long. Flowers are pink, purple, or occasionally white, in racemes or panicles sometimes with as many as 80 flowers. Sepals are smaller than those of B. patula, usually less than 30 mm (1.2 in) long.
# Blue Night

Blue Night may refer to:
* "Blue Night", a song on the album Earth Moving by Mike Oldfield
* Blue Night Network of the Toronto Transit Commission
* Blue Night (Michael Learns to Rock album), 2000, or the title track
* Blue Night (Art Blakey album), 1985
* B.L.U.E. Nights, a 2000 album by Bruford Levin Upper Extremities
* Blue Night (film), a 2018 film
# Blizzard of 2006

Several notable blizzards occurred in 2006.
* The North American blizzard of 2006, which delivered record snowfall to New York City
* The Early Winter 2006 North American Storm Complex affected parts of southern Canada in December
* The December 20-21, 2006 Colorado Blizzard struck Colorado and some surrounding areas on December 20-21
* The October Surprise Storm in Western New York
# Cayos Bequevé

Cayos Bequevé (also called Cayo Bequevé or Bequevé) is the name given to a group of Venezuelan islands in the southeast of the Caribbean Sea that is part of the Los Roques Archipelago, and of the Lesser Antilles that is administered as part of the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela and the National Park Archipelago of Los Roques, and is also part of the so-called Miranda Island Territory. Not to be confused with an inn of the same name but located on the island of Gran Roque.

## Location

They are located southwest of the park is accessible by sea like many other keys with boats that leave the dock of Gran Roque. It is an island of Coral located just in front and south of Cayo de Agua, northwest of Dos Mosquises and southwest of Cayo Carenero, in the extreme west of the islands.

## Islands

In spite of what its name may indicate it is actually 2 islands: Cayo Bequevé North (Norte) and Cayo Bequevé South (Sur), so they can also be known as the Bequevé Islands or Cayos Bequevé.
* Cayo Bequevé Norte has an area of 34 hectares or 0.341 square kilometers and is 4.3 kilometers long.
* Cayo Bequevé Sur, is much smaller and is 15.13 hectares or 0.1513 square kilometers and 1.76 kilometers long.
In total both islands total 49.23 hectares or 0.49 square kilometers, so they are equivalent or similar in size to Vatican City (44 hectares).

## Tourism

Cayo Bequeve is popular within the archipelago thanks to the beauty of its white sands and solitary beaches, the birds that can be found in its surroundings and the fact that it forms with other neighboring keys a small natural swimming pool, there are also freshwater wells, one of the most practiced activities is diving.
# Blessing in Disguise

A Blessing in disguise is an English language idiom.
Blessing in Disguise may also refer to:

## Music

* A Blessing in Disguise, a 2003 album by Green Carnation
* Blessing in Disguise (Metal Church album), a 1989 album
* Blessing in Disguise, a 1994 album by Annie Haslam with Renaissance

## Literature

* Sengsara Membawa Nikmat or Blessing in Disguise, a 1929 novel by Tulis Sutan Sati
* Blessing in Disguise, a play by Jason Howland and Larry Pellegrini
# Blessing of Burntisland

The Blessing of Burntisland was a wooden ferry that carried people and goods 5 miles (8km) across the Firth of Forth, Scotland, between Burntisland and Leith in the early 17thcentury. It sank in 1633 carrying a large amount of royal treasure. The shipwreck has never been found.

## History

In 1626, the ferry was granted Letters of Marque, a licence to attack or capture enemy vessels during the Thirty Years' War.

### Sinking

The ferry capsized during a storm on 10 July 1633. Only two of its thirty-five passengers and crew survived. It was also carrying 20 carts of jewels, plate and textiles belonging to Charles I, which included, among other valuable objects, a 280-piece silver dinner service commissioned by Henry VIII.
Charles, undertaking an official tour of Scotland after his coronation there, had been staying at his hunting lodge in Falkland. He watched the ferry sink from the deck of his flagship, the Dreadnought. He blamed the sinking on a coven of witches, who were subsequently put on trial and executed in Lancashire. The royal cargo, of between four and five tons of gold and silver, was estimated to be worth £100,000 at the time, US$400 million in 1997, and £500 million in 1999.

## Attempts to find the wreck

Marine archaeologists have long searched for the wreck, but it has never been found, not least because 500 other shipwrecks lie at the bottom of the Firth of Forth.
An eight-year search by the Burntisland Heritage Trust and the Royal Navy began in 1991. The Trust intended to open a museum in Burntisland exhibiting any artefacts that could be salvaged from the Blessing. After finding 200 possible wreck sites within a two-mile area of the estuary, one wreck was closely inspected in 1993, and divers found pottery, shoe leather and bolts dating from the 1600s. The search ended in 1999 with HMS Roebuck discovering a wreck 1 mile (1.6 km) off the coast of Burntisland. Divers were sent 120 feet (37 m) below the waves to verify the computerised survey images, and the Secretary of State for Scotland gave the site legal protection to keep treasure hunters at bay.
# Blood in the Water

Blood in the Water may refer to:
* Blood in the Water match, a water polo match between Hungary and the USSR in 1956
* "Blood in the Water" (CSI: Miami), an episode of CSI: Miami
* Blood in the Water (2009 film), a made-for-TV movie
* Blood in the Water (2016 film), an American thriller film
* Blood in the Water, a 2016 Discovery Channel movie starring Alex Russell
* Blood in the Water (novel), by Gillian Galbraith
* Blood in the Water, a novel in the Destroyermen series by Taylor Anderson
* Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy a novel by Heather Ann Thompson about the Attica Prison uprising of 1971
* Blood in the Water: Live in San Diego, a live DVD from Megadeth
* Blood in the Water (album), a 2021 album by Flotsam and Jetsam
* "Blood in the Water", a 2020 song by Bon Jovi from 2020
* "Blood in the Water", a musical number from the musical Legally Blonde
# Caveman Hughscore

Caveman Hughscore is a collaborative album by British bass guitarist Hugh Hopper and American trio Caveman Shoestore, released in 1995 by Tim/Kerr. Initially a one-time collaboration, the group became a regular endeavor under the name Hughscore.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
François Couture of allmusic gave a positive review, saying "The album sounds fresh and exciting, and despite a few flaws stands as one of Hopper's best collaborative records of the '90s." He concluded by calling the album "a thrilling first opus and offers a unique blend of jazz-rock, avant-prog, and American post-rock."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Fred Chalenor, Elaine di Falco, Henry Franzoni and Hugh Hopper

## Personnel

Adapted from the Caveman Hughscore liner notes.
Caveman Hughscore
* Fred Chalenor – bass guitar, electric piano and synthesizer (12)
* Elaine di Falco – keyboards
* Henry Franzoni – drums, voice (2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14)
* Hugh Hopper – bass guitar, arrangement
Additional musicians
* Jen Harrison – French horn (1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 15)
* Michael Stirling – didgeridoo (15)
Production and design
* Steven Birch – design
* Nick Kellogg – recording, mixing
* Marc Trunz – photography

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1995 | Tim/Kerr | CD | TK95CD093 |
# Justin Herdman-Reed

Justin Herdman-Reed (born July 21, 1994) is a Canadian professional football linebacker for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football with the Simon Fraser Clan. His twin brother Jordan Herdman-Reed also plays in the CFL.

## Professional career
### Toronto Argonauts

Herdman-Reed was drafted 54th overall in the 2017 CFL Draft by the Toronto Argonauts and signed with the team on May 15, 2017. He played in his first professional regular season game on July 29, 2017, against the Saskatchewan Roughriders where he had one special teams tackle. He played in 11 regular season games in 2017 where he had three defensive tackles and two special teams tackles. He finished the year on the injured list as the Argonauts won the 105th Grey Cup, bringing Herdman-Reed his first Grey Cup championship.
He played in all 18 regular season games in 2018 where he featured predominantly on special teams, recording 19 special teams tackles and three defensive tackles. For the 2019 season, Herdman-Reed had a career year as he had 37 defensive tackles, five special teams tackles, two sacks, and two forced fumbles in just 11 regular season games. He had his first two career sacks in the Labour Day Classic on September 2, 2019, against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. In the following week's game against the Redblacks, Herdman-Reed suffered a separated shoulder injury and was out for the rest of the year.

### Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Herdman-Reed signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats as a free agent to a one-year contract on February 11, 2020. However, the 2020 CFL season was cancelled and he never played in a game for the team as his contract expired in 2021.

### Saskatchewan Roughriders

On the first day of free agency in 2021, Herdman-Reed signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders on February 9, 2021.
On February 13, 2024, the Roughriders announced that they had extended the contract of Herdman-Reed.

## Personal life

Herdman-Reed's twin brother, Jordan Herdman-Reed, who is two minutes older, also plays professionally as a linebacker for the Saskatchewan Roughriders. Their father, James Reed, was also a professional linebacker who played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Montreal Concordes, New Orleans Breakers, Washington Federals, Saskatchewan Roughriders, and Toronto Argonauts.
# Bob Shaheen

Robert A. Shaheen (born 1933) is a retired American businessman of Syrian descent who worked in Saudi Arabia starting in the early 1960s. Born in Canton, Ohio, Shaheen was employed as a high-ranking officer in operations owned by Adnan Khashoggi, a Saudi Arabian businessman involved in the international arms trade, representing Lockheed, Northrup, and Raytheon—United States defense systems contractors.

## Early life

Shaheen was the youngest of nine brothers and sisters. His parents immigrated to the United States during the Great Depression. When he was three years old, his father died, leaving his mother, who could not speak, read, or write English, to care for the family of nine children. For his part, he began selling newspapers at a corner movie theater at the age of six. He earned a degree in political science from Mount Union College in 1955. After serving in the US Army as a classification and assignment specialist, he began graduate studies at Georgetown University. Shaheen is known as a polyglot. While at Georgetown, he was recruited by the United States government in 1960 to move to Saudi Arabia. After serving in that capacity for two years, and during that period, he met Khashoggi.

## Career

In 1962, he began working as a high-ranking official to Adnan Khashoggi, a Saudi Arabian businessman. Shaheen spent the next 25 years with Khashoggi, establishing close personal relationships with the Saudi royal family and other Middle Eastern leaders and businessmen. Shaheen was president of Khashoggi's Triad Corporation. Khashoggi was commissioned by the late King Saud to help organize the Ministry of Defense protect their oil fields. In that capacity he brought in Lockheed, Northrup, Raytheon and General Electric and others as defense contractors. Khashoggi and Shaheen opened the door for American, Asian, and European companies to enter business relationships in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. Khashoggi and Shaheen negotiated "some of the most lucrative, and highly publicized deals of the 1970s and 1980s." Shaheen, who acted as Khashoggi's gatekeeper, was described as "charming" and a "brilliant organizer and people-mover". Shaheen was known for wearing a three-piece business suit regardless of the climate or location.
He has been featured with Khashoggi in many books, as well as a four-part TV series, and several television programs: Sixty Minutes, The Weekend Report, Good Morning America, and Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous. Books include: The Kingdom by Robert Lacey; Saudi Arabia Today by Peter Hobday; The Game Player by Miles Copeland; Money Rush by Andrew Duncan; Is My Armour on Straight by Richard Berendzen; The Deadly Payoff by Michel Clerc;The Marshall Plan by Jack Sheehan; The Pirate (book and TV series) by Harold Robbins; Vanity Fair, Serving the Superwealthy by Jamie Johnson.

## Family life

Shaheen lives in Boca Raton, Florida, with his wife Patricia Shaheen. He is the father of four daughters and one son.
# Jyoti (goddess)

In modern Tamil Shaiva tradition, Jyoti is sometimes considered to be the personification of the female principle, an embodied representation of the vel of Murugan.

## Legends

The goddess has two different myths based on her birth. In the first myth, she emerges from Shiva's halo, and is a physical manifestation of her father's grace.
In the second myth, she is born from a spark from goddess Parvati's forehead, similar to how Muruga is born from six sparks from Shiva's forehead. From her, the devi fashions a weapon that she presents to her son as a vel. With this weapon, Muruga destroys the asura Surapadman.
It is believed that she is in a formless or arupa state in all of her brother Muruga's temples. She is also thought to be the flame that her father Nataraja (a form of Shiva) holds.

## Worship

In Shodasam, a major devotional composition by the sage Agastya, the sage discovers and describes the role of the mother Manonmani, her husband (Shiva in the form Sadisiva) and their daughter Jyoti who are present in the Ajna cakra upon the forehead for each day of the waxing and waning of moon. The sage also recounts that how Jyoti was born of the Pranava pillar of ‘Om'.
The goddess is called Saravanabhavai due to her association with her brother, and is worshipped in her Vel form in many Muruga temples. In some parts of India, she is identified with the goddess Rayaki, who is associated with the Vedic Raka. In North India, she is identified as the goddess Jwalaimukhi.
# Blood shift

Blood shift has at least two separate meanings:
* In medicine, it is synonymous with left shift
* In diving physiology, it is part of the diving reflex
# Jurosomatic illness

Jurosomatic illness is a somatic illness brought on by a pending lawsuit.
A segment of John Stossel's show on lawsuit abuse (aired June 14, 2012) was devoted to reporting on this illness. Senator John Barrasso (R-Wyo.), an orthopedic surgeon by education, who was interviewed by Stossel for the episode stated that this is an illness that he had studied in medical school. He described it as a syndrome arising from a legitimate injury and legitimate pain and suffering, which drags out for the duration of the lawsuit, brought on by the stress and anxiety of the continuing lawsuit, as well as anger and fixation on the injury associated with it.
Stossel had also quoted a British psychiatrist Theodore Dalrymple as saying:
   If you pay people to suffer, they will suffer... Injuries that... would be self-limiting become permanently crippling... The litigant, formerly healthy, rapidly succumbs to every kind of unprovable ailment: headache, loss of concentration, dizziness, depression... When a man says his whole life has been ruined by some ... accident, I know without having to ask [I am] in the presence of litigation ... It turns hypochondriasis into a way of life.
# Caverna dos Ecos

Caverna dos Ecos (GO-018), also called "Gruta dos Ecos" (English: Echo Cave), is a mica schist cavern in central Goiás, Brazil. It is located between Cocalzinho de Goiás and Brasília, 134 km from Goiânia. It is near the settlement of Girassol, just after the boundary with the Federal District.

## Geology

It was discovered in March 1975 and is 1,380 meters long with a descent of 142 meters deep. The entrance is located at an elevation of 1050 meters. It contains a lake formed by rain water called Lago dos Ecos, the largest subterranean lake in South America, which is approximately 300 meters long, 50 wide and between 10 and 15 meters deep, being one of the longest in the world. It is formed by mica and schist, which explains the absence of speleothems.
Caverna dos Ecos is a remarkable subterranean karstic feature as no other Brazilian cave of similar size is known from similar lithologies, mica schist, quartzite, and marble, with 70% of its volume developed in schists and quartzite. This cave, a geological curiosity, developed originally in limestone, but migrated to overlying mica-schists due to breakdown. Visits can only be made with an experienced guide.