OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gough–Joule effect

The Gough–Joule effect (a.k.a. Gow–Joule effect) is originally the tendency of elastomers to contract when heated if they are under tension. Elastomers that are not under tension do not see this effect. The term is also used more generally to refer to the dependence of the temperature of any solid on the mechanical deformation. This effect can be observed in nylon strings of classical guitars, whereby the string contracts as a result of heating. The effect is due to the decrease of entropy when long chain molecules are stretched.
If an elastic band is first stretched and then subjected to heating, it will shrink rather than expand. This effect was first observed by John Gough in 1802, and was investigated further by James Joule in the 1850s, when it then became known as the Gough–Joule effect. Examples in Literature:
* Popular Science magazine, January 1972: "A stretched piece of rubber contracts when heated. In doing so, it exerts a measurable increase in its pull. This surprising property of rubber was first observed by James Prescott Joule about a hundred years ago and is known as the Joule effect."
* Rubber as an Engineering Material (book), by Khairi Nagdi: "The Joule effect is a phenomenon of practical importance that must be considered by machine designers. The simplest way of demonstrating this effect is to suspend a weight on a rubber band sufficient to elongate it at least 50%. When the stretched rubber band is warmed up by an infrared lamp, it does not elongate because of thermal expansion, as may be expected, but it retracts and lifts the weight."
The effect is important in O-ring seal design, where the seals can be mounted in a peripherally compressed state in hot applications to prolong life. The effect is also relevant to rotary seals which can bind if the seal shrinks due to overheating.
# Gough finch

The Gough finch (Rowettia goughensis) or Gough bunting, is a critically endangered species of songbird.

## Taxonomy

The Gough finch was formally described in 1904 by the British ornithologist William Eagle Clarke from a specimen collected on Gough Island in the South Atlantic. Clarke coined the binomial name Nesospiza goughensis. The Gough finch is now the only species placed in the genus Rowettia that was introduced in 1923 by the English ornithologist Percy Lowe. The genus name was chosen to honour John Quiller Rowett, an English businessman and the sponsor of the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition. The Gough finch was traditionally considered to be a bunting in the family Emberizidae, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that it is a member of the subfamily Diglossinae in the tanager family Thraupidae and is sister to a clade containing birds in the genus Melanodera. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
Another species of finch was described from Gough Island, Nesospiza jessiae, in 1904. This species was later identified as a juvenile of the Gough finch.

## Description

The Gough finch is 22 to 26 cm (8.7–10.2 in) in length and weighs 50–56 g (1.8–2.0 oz).

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to the remote Gough Island, part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, and nearby stacks, in the South Atlantic. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland and subantarctic grassland.

## Status and conservation

It was formerly classified as a Vulnerable species by the IUCN. But new research has shown that its population has collapsed and it is on the verge of extinction due to the introduced population of house mice (Mus musculus), noted for its unusual aggressiveness, competing with the birds for food and eating their eggs and nestlings. Consequently, it was uplisted to Critically Endangered in 2008.
# Goulet River

Goulet River may refer to:
* Goulet River (Bécancour River tributary), Arthabaska Regional County Municipality, Centre-du-Québec, Quebec, Canada
* Goulet River (Vermillon River tributary), Mauricie, Quebec, Canada
# Goulfey

Goulfey is a town and commune in the Logone-et-Chari department of Cameroon, close to the border of Chad.

## Geography

Goulfey is located about 50 kilometres north of Kousséri and is separated by the Logone River.

## History

Goulfey is infamous for its practice and techniques of warfare. It was believed to have been founded by Rabat after Djagara led a victory over him with the help of the French.
The history of Goulfey has its from the 16th to 18th centuries during its Arab invasions.
The Arabs found people embedded in ancestral traditions, locally known as the cult of the Varan, which is considered the symbol of Goulfey and a spiritual element of protection and divination. It plays an important political and religious role in the community.
It was often believed that the spirits were known as the Gbwéi-gbwéi, who collaborated with the people through the traditional priest to offer household food, such as honey and milk to the Varans, housed in the tower.
The famous military emperor was Rabah, who came from Egypt to Goulfey in an aim to convert locals to Islam and taking slaves. Its weapons used in battles are still present here.

## Tourism

Goulfey is a centuries-old dwelling. It is a museum and acts as a cultural centre where young people visit to learn about the rich culture of Kotoko.
# Andean Railway

The Andean Railway (native name: Ferrocarril Andino) was a state-owned railway company in Argentina which, towards the end of the 19th century, built and operated a line connecting Villa María in Córdoba Province with the cities of Mendoza, San Luis and San Juan. The 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) network was later sold to a number of British-owned railway companies.

## History

The first plan to reach the Andes through railway had been carried out with a concession granted to Central Argentine Railway (CAR) and later with the project to make Buenos Aires Western Railway a trans-andean line. The aim of the railway was linking the three provinces of the Cuyo region, San Juan, San Luis and Mendoza with the city of Rosario, via the CAR.
The AR was the first state-owned railway in Argentina and was founded on 15 November 1867 by decree promulgated in November 1867, from Villa María to Villa Nueva, then extending to Río Cuarto.
At the beginning of 1870 the Government signed an agreement to British entrepreneur John Simmons who committed to finish the railway within 3 years at a cost of A$ 26,200 per mile. In November that same years works began.
On October 24, 1873, the Villa María–Río Cuarto section was finished. That same the company started works to extend the line to Villa Mercedes, San Luis, opening the line two years later, totalizing 254 km. President of Argentina Nicolás Avellaneda attended the ceremony.
Once the works finished, the National Government hired J. E. Rogers (whose company had been one of the constructors) to operate the line. The Government required Rogers his employees had to be Argentina-born.
Details of the building of the line are as follows:
Construction :
| Section | Length, km | Date Opened |
| Villa María – Río Cuarto | 135 | 24 October 1873 |
| Río Cuarto – Villa Mercedes | 120 | 4 October 1875 |
| Villa Mercedes – Fraga | 40 | 1 August 1881 |
| Fraga – Chorrillos | | 29 April 1882 |
| Chorrillos – San Luis | | 8 July 1882 |
| San Luis –La Paz | 120 | 11 August 1883 |
| La Paz – Maipú | 135 | 9 October 1884 |
| Maipú – Mendoza | 10 | 25 April 1885 |
| Mendoza – San Juan | 160 | 6 May 1885 |
In 1884, the company owned 55 locomotives, 61 passenger cars, 16 baggage cars and 596 freight cars.
In 1886 the AR bought the branch line from Villa Mercedes to La Toma from the ex-Ferrocarril Noroeste a La Rioja and extended it to Villa Dolores to give a branch line with a total length of 226 km.
The construction costs and tariffs of the AR were the lowest of any railway company in Argentina at that time, and when it began to make a profit, the network was sold off to British-owned companies as detailed in Table 2.
Privatisation :
| Section | Length, km | Date Sold | Buyer |
| Villa Mercedes – Mendoza | 326 | 1887 | Argentine Great Western |
| Mendoza – San Juan | 160 | 1887 | Argentine Great Western |
| Villa Mercedes - Villa Dolores | 226 | 1909 | BA & Pacific |
| Río Cuarto - Villa Mercedes | 120 | 1909 | BA & Pacific |
| Villa María - Río Cuarto | 135 | 1909 | Central Argentine |
# Andreas Pusnik

Andreas Pusnik (born 7 September 1972) is an Austrian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournaments at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1988–89 | EC KAC | AUT | 27 | 9 | 5 | 14 | | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1989–90 | EC KAC | AUT | 37 | 15 | 13 | 28 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1990–91 | EC KAC | AUT | 37 | 19 | 16 | 35 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | EC KAC | AUT | 44 | 24 | 29 | 53 | 52 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1992–93 | EC KAC | AUT | 42 | 20 | 17 | 37 | | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993–94 | EC KAC | AUT | 49 | 26 | 36 | 62 | | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1994–95 | EC KAC | AUT | 35 | 25 | 35 | 60 | | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | EC KAC | AUT | 23 | 14 | 22 | 36 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | EC KAC | AUT | 51 | 21 | 36 | 57 | 56 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997–98 | EC VSV | AUT | 41 | 11 | 28 | 39 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1998–99 | EC VSV | AUT | 55 | 17 | 33 | 50 | 56 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–2000 | EC VSV | IEHL | 33 | 11 | 21 | 32 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–2000 | EC VSV | AUT | 12 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | EC VSV | AUT | 43 | 24 | 57 | 81 | 50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001–02 | EC VSV | AUT | 32 | 10 | 28 | 38 | 42 | 16 | 4 | 18 | 22 | 20 |
| 2002–03 | HC TWK Innsbruck | AUT | 42 | 16 | 44 | 60 | 58 | 7 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 8 |
| 2003–04 | HC TWK Innsbruck | AUT | 28 | 5 | 15 | 20 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004–05 | HC TWK Innsbruck | AUT | 45 | 15 | 35 | 50 | 46 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 22 |
| 2005–06 | HC TWK Innsbruck | AUT | 46 | 14 | 26 | 40 | 89 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2006–07 | EC KAC | AUT | 13 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| AUT totals | AUT totals | AUT totals | 702 | 289 | 486 | 775 | 615 | 35 | 9 | 35 | 44 | 58 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1988 | Austria | EJC B | | | | | |
| 1989 | Austria | EJC B | 5 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 2 |
| 1990 | Austria | WC B | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 1991 | Austria | WC B | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 1992 | Austria | WC B | 7 | 4 | 14 | 18 | 2 |
| 1993 | Austria | WC | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 1994 | Austria | OG | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 1994 | Austria | WC | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 1995 | Austria | WC | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 10 |
| 1997 | Austria | WC B | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 1998 | Austria | OG | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 1998 | Austria | WC | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1999 | Austria | WC | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 |
| 2001 | Austria | WC | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Senior totals | Senior totals | Senior totals | 71 | 17 | 31 | 48 | 32 |
"Andreas Pusnik". Elite Prospects. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
# Anders Eriksson

Anders Eriksson may refer to:
* Anders Eriksson (comedian) (born 1956), Swedish comedian and actor
* Anders Eriksson (Norrköping curler) (born 1956), Swedish curler from Norrköping
* Anders Eriksson (Karlstad curler) (born 1982), Swedish curler from Karlstad
* Anders Eriksson (footballer) (born 1965), Finnish footballer
* Anders Eriksson (ice hockey, born 1975), Swedish professional ice hockey player
* Anders Eriksson (ice hockey, born 1985), Swedish professional ice hockey player
* Anders Eriksson (enduro rider) (born 1973), Swedish enduro rider
* Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud (1577–1657), Swedish officer and governor
* Anders Eriksson (speedway rider) (1960–2002), Swedish speedway rider
# Graffenrieda caudata

Graffenrieda caudata is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Guyana.
# Government of Alfonso Rueda

Government of Alfonso Rueda could refer to:
* First government of Alfonso Rueda
* Second government of Alfonso Rueda
# Grand Prix of Texas

The Grand Prix of Texas was an American Le Mans Series sports car race held at the infield road course of the Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. The 2001 event marked the last time the ALMS raced on a roval.

## Results

| Year | Class | Drivers | Team | Car | Duration/Distance | Race Title | Report |
| 2000 | LMP | Frank Biela Emanuele Pirro | Audi Sport North America | Audi R8 | 2 Hours, 45 Minutes | Grand Prix of Texas | report |
| 2000 | GTS | Andy Pilgrim Ron Fellows | Corvette Racing | Chevrolet Corvette C5-R | 2 Hours, 45 Minutes | Grand Prix of Texas | report |
| 2000 | GT | Randy Pobst Bruno Lambert | Alex Job Racing | Porsche 911 GT3-R | 2 Hours, 45 Minutes | Grand Prix of Texas | report |
| 2001 | LMP | Tom Kristensen Rinaldo Capello | Audi Sport North America | Audi R8 | 2 Hours, 45 Minutes | Leather Center Grand Prix of Texas | report |
| 2001 | GTS | Ron Fellows Johnny O'Connell | Corvette Racing | Chevrolet Corvette C5-R | 2 Hours, 45 Minutes | Leather Center Grand Prix of Texas | report |
| 2001 | GT | Lucas Luhr Sascha Maassen | Alex Job Racing | Porsche 911 GT3-RS | 2 Hours, 45 Minutes | Leather Center Grand Prix of Texas | report |
# Grand Prix of Sochi Mayor

Grand Prix of Sochi Mayor was a men's one-day cycle race, held in Russia in 2015. It was rated by the UCI as 1.2 and formed part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2015 | Russia | Sergey Firsanov | RusVelo |
# 2007 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid

The 2007 Madrid Masters (also known as the Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 6th edition of the Madrid Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2007 ATP Tour. It took place at the Madrid Arena in Madrid, Spain, from October 15 through October 21, 2007.
The announced field was led by world No. 1, Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open winner and defending champion Roger Federer, ATP No. 2 and French Open winner Rafael Nadal, and US Open runner-up and Vienna titlist Novak Djokovic. Other top players were US Open semifinalist and Moscow winner Nikolay Davydenko, Australian Open runner up and Beijing titlist Fernando González, James Blake, David Ferrer and Tommy Robredo.

## Notable stories
### Nalbandian's achievements

David Nalbandian, who prior to the tournament had not reached the semifinal stage of a tournament in the season, suddenly began playing superlative tennis, repeating Novak Djokovic's feat of the Canada Masters, of beating the world's top three players in three consecutive days, with Nalbandian doing it in order of 2 (Rafael Nadal), 3 (Novak Djokovic) and 1 (Roger Federer). The win also marked Nalbandian's first ever Masters Series title, though he had won the Tennis Masters Cup in 2005.

## Finals
### Singles

David Nalbandian defeated Roger Federer 1–6, 6–3, 6–3
* It was David Nalbandian's 1st title of the year, and his 6th overall. It was his 1st career Masters title.

### Doubles

Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan defeated Mariusz Fyrstenberg / Marcin Matkowski 6–3, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$
# Scout.com

Scout Media was an integrated sports publishing company that produced Internet content covering hundreds of professional and college teams across America. The company was founded in 2001 and was acquired by Fox Sports in 2005. In 2013, Fox Sports sold Scout to North American Membership Group which later rebranded to Scout Media. Scout filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December 2016 and was then acquired by CBS Corporation (now Paramount Global) in February 2017 for $9.5 million after submitting the only bid for the bankrupt company. Paramount later folded Scout into 247Sports, with Scout.com redirecting to the site.

## Internet publishing

The Internet publishing division consists of a network of over 300 web sites that publish inside and exclusive content focusing on high school, college, Fantasy Sports and professional team sports. The network is managed on the 247 platform publishing technology that allows publishers to rapidly write, cross-reference, distribute and syndicate stories and information about sports from anywhere in the world.
# Thuam Hang

Pu Thuam Hang (born 1870), chief of Khuasak, was one of the first Christian convert among the Zomi (Chin) in Chin State, Burma.
Reverend Arthur E. Carlson and Mrs. Laura Carlson, Swedish-American Baptist missionaries, came to Hakha, Chin State, Burma, in 1899. This couple sent a Kayin pastor named Saya Shwe Zan to Khuasak, to preach about Christianity, as they had heard that the Sizang people could understand the Burmese language. Pu Thuam Hang was at first reluctant to convert, as he was concerned over the resulting loss of social and economic status. Two of his sons suffered from illnesses; after one was cured by Dr. Eric Hjalmar East, and the other apparently miraculously, Pu Thuam Hang was converted. Dr. East baptized Pu Thuam Hang and Thuam Hang's wife on May 15, 1905 along with the first Chin Christian converted Pu Pau Suan. Pu Pau Suan received Jesus Christ as his personal savior and his wife Pi Kham Ciang converted on July 10,1904. Pu Thuam Hang was later ordained.
# John Coke (died 1692)

John Coke (c. 1653–1692) of Melbourne Hall, Melbourne, Derbyshire was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in between 1685 and 1689.
Coke was the son of Thomas Coke of Melbourne, and his wife Mary Pope, daughter of Richard Pope of Woolstaston, Shropshire. He entered Christ Church, Oxford and Gray's Inn in 1669. He was a commissioner for assessment for Derbyshire from 1673 to 1680. Coke stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Leicestershire in a by-election in April 1679 and at Derby in 1681. One of his opponents George Vernon was said to have uttered dangerous words which Coke forwarded to the government after the Rye House plot. He was a Deputy Lieutenant for Derbyshire and Leicestershire from 1680 to 1686. In 1685 he received a place at court as Gentleman usher to Queen Catherine of Braganza and became a captain in Princess Anne's Foot.
Coke was elected Member of Parliament for Derby in 1685 He was sent briefly to the Tower of London after opposing King James legislation requiring Catholics in the army. He was deprived of his commission, but at the Glorious Revolution raised a troop of horse for Prince William and was placed second in command of Lord Cavendish's regiment. In 1689 he was re-elected MP for Derby in the Convention Parliament of 1689.
Coke went abroad for health reasons and died at Geneva at the age of 39.
Coke married Mary Leventhorpe, daughter of Sir Thomas Leventhorpe, 4th Baronet in 1672. He had seven children and his son Thomas was also MP for Derbyshire.
# Triple Concerto No. 2 (Smirnov)

The Triple Concerto No. 2, Op. 139, is a concerto for three instruments – violin, harp and double bass – and orchestra by Dmitri Smirnov, composed in 2003. It was premiered in the centenary concert of the London Symphony Orchestra on 26 May 2004, with principal players from the orchestra as soloists.

## History

Smirnov composed several concertos for single instruments, and two triple concertos for three instruments, the Triple Concerto No. 1 for saxophone, piano, double bass, strings and percussion in 1977 when he lived in Russia, and the Triple Concerto No. 2 for violin, harp, double bass and orchestra in 2003, when he was a resident of England. It was published by Boosey & Hawkes.
The world premiere of the Triple Concerto No. 2 was performed at the Barbican Centre in London on 26 May 2004. In the concert marking the centenary of the London Symphony Orchestra & Chorus (LSO), it was called LSO Centenary Concertante, and was combined with Mahler's Second Symphony "Resurrection", with Andrew Davis conducting the London Symphony Orchestra & Chorus. The soloists were violinist Gordan Nikolitch, harpist Bryn Lewis, and double bassist Rinat Ibragimov, all principal players of the LSO.

## Scoring

The Triple Concerto is structured in three sections or movements:
* Con moto
* Lento
* Presto
Smirnov scored the work for the three solo instruments, and an orchestra consisting of piccolo, cor anglais, bass clarinet, percussion (3–4 players of timpani, triangle, suspended cymbal, maracas, woodblock, bongos, tom-tom, gongs, tam-tam, side drum, bass drum, glockenspiel, xylophone, bells), and strings. The concerto takes about 25 minutes to perform.
The first movement has been described by a reviewer as "music meant to wound", the second movement as "unsettling and angst-ridden", and the third movement was compared to a Hitchcock film track. The three solo instruments complement each other, comparable to the voice types soprano for the violin, mezzo-soprano for the harp, and basso profundo for the double bass. They are at times combined sounding like one voice, and at times "play in radical styles with distinctly foreign sounding voices". Episodes follow each other in collage fashion, in intentionally heterogeneous styles and sounds.
# Glycoside hydrolase family 71

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 71 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.
Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.
It is a family of alpha-1,3-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.59) (CAZY GH_71).
# Wag the Dog (soundtrack)

Wag the Dog is the sixth soundtrack album by British singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Knopfler, released on 13 January 1998 by Vertigo Records internationally, and by Mercury Records in the United States. The album contains music composed for the 1997 film Wag the Dog, directed by Barry Levinson. The film featured songs created for the fictitious campaign waged by the protagonists, including "Good Old Shoe", "The American Dream", and "The Men of the 303". These songs appear on the soundtrack album as instrumental tracks. Only the title track contains vocals.

## Critical response

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
In his review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album four out of five stars, calling it one of Knopfler's "best scores, alternately graceful and rootsy."

## Track listing

All music was written by Mark Knopfler.

## Personnel
### Music

* Mark Knopfler – guitar, vocals
* Richard Bennett – guitar
* Jim Cox – piano, Hammond organ
* Guy Fletcher – keyboards
* Glenn Worf – bass
* Chad Cromwell – drums

### Production

* Mark Knopfler – producer
* Chuck Ainlay – producer
* Mark Ralston – assistant producer
* Denny Purcell – mastering at Georgetown Masters in Nashville
* Don Cobb – digital editing
* Rick Lecoat – design
* Phil Caruso – photography
* Mark Leialoha – photography
# Agelasta marionae

Agelasta marionae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl-Ernst Hüdepohl in 1985. It is known from the Philippines.
# Agelasta lacteostictica

Agelasta lacteostictica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1960. It is known from the Philippines.
# Aeria

Aeria may refer to:
* Aeria Games and Entertainment
* Aeria (genus), a nymphalid butterfly genus in the tribe Ithomiini
* 369 Aëria, a large main belt asteroid discovered on July 4, 1893