OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2-Hydroxybutyric acid

2-Hydroxybutyric acid, is a hydroxybutyric acid with the hydroxyl group on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl. It is a chiral compound having two enantiomers, D-2-hydroxybutyric acid and L-2-hydroxybutyric acid. Its conjugate base is known as alpha-hydroxybutyrate and α-hydroxybutyrate.
* d-2-hydroxybutyric acid
* l-2-hydroxybutyric acid
2-Hydroxybutyrate, the conjugate base of 2-hydroxybutyric acid, is produced in mammalian tissues (principally hepatic) that catabolize L-threonine or synthesize glutathione. Oxidative stress or detoxification demands can dramatically increase the rate of hepatic glutathione synthesis. Under such metabolic stress conditions, supplies of L-cysteine for glutathione synthesis become limiting, so homocysteine is diverted from the transmethylation pathway forming methionine into the transsulfuration pathway forming cystathionine. 2-Hydroxybutyrate is released as a byproduct when cystathionine is cleaved to cysteine that is incorporated into glutathione. Chronic shifts in the rate of glutathione synthesis may be reflected by urinary excretion of 2-hydroxybutyrate.
α-hydroxybutyrate may be useful as an early indicator of insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. Moreover, elevated serum α-hydroxybutyrate predicts worsening glucose tolerance.
# John Ashworth (judge)

Sir John Percy Ashworth, MBE, DL (3 February 1906 – 26 September 1975) was a British judge and barrister.

## Biography

He was the son of Percy Ashworth of Ollerton, Bolton and Fradswell Hall, Stafford, and his wife Annie Isabel Brooks, daughter of John Close Brooks of Birtles Hall. He was educated at Sandroyd School then Winchester College before going to Christ Church, Oxford. In 1930 he became a barrister of the Inner Temple. In 1940 he became an intelligence officer.
Ashworth served as Junior Counsel to the Treasury (Common Law) (one of the British government's most senior lawyers) from 1950 to 1954, and was a Judge of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales from 1954 till his death. Among the cases that he adjudged was the murder of John Alan West by Gwynne Evans and Peter Allen: this resulted in the last death sentences to be carried out in the United Kingdom.
# Apurva Kasaravalli

Apurva Kasaravalli or Apoorva Kasaravalli is an Indian businessman, actor and filmmaker known for his work in Kannada cinema.

## Personal life

Apurva is the son of Girish Kasaravalli and Vaishali Kasaravalli, and brother of Ananya Kasaravalli. He studied at Christ University and did his master's degree from University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. He is married to Vandana Supriya, who is an Odissi performer and choreographer.
Apurva and Vandana run an NGO called "Anandi Arts Foundation" that works with children from underprivileged backgrounds. They also organise an yearly event called ′Asmi′ at Ravindra Kalakshetra, in which renowned musicians and dancers perform.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Film | Credit(s) |
| 2022 | Guru Shishyaru | Actor (Rudrappa) |
| 2016 | Niruttara | Director, Writer, Screenplay |
| 2011 | Koormavatara | Actor |
| 2011 | Aidondla Aidu | Actor |
| 2003 | Freaky Chakra | Writer, screenplay |
| 2001 | Dweepa | Writer, additional dialogues |
# Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's 50 metre butterfly S6

The Men's 50 metre butterfly S6 swimming event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was competed on 25 September. It was won by Li Peng, representing China.

## 1st round

* Qualified for final round

### Heat 1

25 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Alastair Smales (AUS) | 34.49 |
| 2 | Daniel Vidal (ESP) | 34.53 |
| 3 | Sascha Kindred (GBR) | 35.50 |
| 4 | Luis Silva (BRA) | 36.37 |
| 5 | Stian Helgeland (NOR) | 36.95 |
| 6 | Xu Qing Qing (CHN) | 37.08 |

### Heat 2

25 Sept. 2004, morning session
| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Igor Plotnikov (RUS) | 32.51 | WR |
| 2 | Li Peng (CHN) | 33.09 | |
| 3 | Xia Kai (CHN) | 34.26 | |
| 4 | Mateusz Michalski (POL) | 37.20 | |
| 5 | Daisuke Maeda (JPN) | 38.31 | |
| 6 | Adriano Lima (BRA) | 38.78 | |
| 7 | Pablo Cimadevilla (ESP) | 40.78 | |

## Final round

25 Sept. 2004, evening session
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| | Li Peng (CHN) | 32.82 |
| | Igor Plotnikov (RUS) | 33.07 |
| | Daniel Vidal (ESP) | 33.56 |
| 4 | Xia Kai (CHN) | 34.20 |
| 5 | Alastair Smales (AUS) | 34.34 |
| 6 | Sascha Kindred (GBR) | 35.17 |
| 7 | Luis Silva (BRA) | 35.96 |
| 8 | Stian Helgeland (NOR) | 37.05 |
# Bowling railway station (Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway)

Bowling railway station was a railway station located in the village of Bowling, Scotland, on the Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway.
Bowling station was closed in 1951 before this section of the L&DR was abandoned in 1960 (the parallel GH&DR being retained and electrified as part of the North Clyde electrification scheme). The trackbed through Bowling now forms a footpath and cycleway, part of National Cycle Network Route 7.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Old Kilpatrick Line and station closed | | Caledonian Railway Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway | | Dumbarton East Station open; line partially open |

## Gallery

* A tunnel to the west of the station.
* Structure below platform.
* To the east of the station, the former railway line crosses over the North Clyde Line.
# TNS

TNS can stand for:

## Places

* Tungsten (Cantung) Airport, Tungsten, Northwest Territories, Canada
* Tao Nan School, a primary school in Singapore
* Théâtre national de Strasbourg, the National Theatre of Strasbourg, France

## Groups

* The New Saints F.C., a Welsh football club, formerly Total Network Solutions F.C.
* Taylor Nelson Sofres, a market research company
* TechnoServe, a US-based international development non-profit group
* TNSrecords, a British punk rock/ska record label
* Transaction Network Services, a data communications company
* Triple Nine Society, a high IQ organisation
* The Naturist Society, a Naturist Network promoting Nude Recreation

## Other

* The Natural Step, a sustainability framework
* Transparent Network Substrate, an Oracle database technology
* Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, also known as TENS
* TNS (DJ), South Africa DJ
* Trigeminal nerve stimulation, a therapy for ADHD
# Freuet euch der schönen Erde

"Freuet euch der schönen Erde" (Enjoy the beautiful Earth) is a Lutheran hymn in German with a text by Philipp Spitta in 1827. In the hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch, it appears as EG 510, with a 1928 melody by Frieda Fronmüller.

## History

The text was written by Philipp Spitta, a Lutheran theologian from Lower Saxony, in 1827, when he worked as young private teacher in Lüne near Lüneburg. It describes the beauty of nature as God's creation, comparing it to precious artwork. He wrote five stanzas of four lines each, with the last line repeated.
The text first appeared without a melody in Spitta's song collection Psalter und Harfe (Psalter and harp), subtitled Sammlung christlicher Lieder zur häuslichen Erbauung (Collection of Christian songs for edification at home). The hymn was titled "Die Schönheit der Natur" (The beauty of nature). Several melodies were tried. In 1928, Frieda Fronmüller composed a new melody which was successful with choirs, and was chosen for inclusion in the modern German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG 510. The hymn also appears in many songbooks.

## Text

The text as in the Protestant hymnal is:
   Freuet euch der schönen Erde, denn sie ist wohl wert der Freud. O was hat für Herrlichkeiten unser Gott da ausgestreut!
   Und doch ist sie seiner Füße reich geschmückter Schemel nur, ist nur eine schön begabte, wunderreiche Kreatur.
   Freuet euch an Mond und Sonne und den Sternen allzumal, wie sie wandeln, wie sie leuchten über unserm Erdental.
   Und doch sind sie nur Geschöpfe von des höchsten Gottes Hand, hingesät auf seines Thrones weites, glänzendes Gewand.
   Wenn am Schemel seiner Füße und am Thron schon solcher Schein, o was muss an seinem Herzen erst für Glanz und Wonne sein.
The song has been compared to Paul Gerhardt's "Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud". Both appeared after wars, Spitta's after the Napoleonic Wars, and both reflect the beauty of nature as God's creation. Spitta's text looks at natural beauty in the first and third stanzas, and contrasts it to heavenly beauty described in the second and forth stanzas. The final stanza is a summary, imagining the even greater joy at God's heart ("an seinem Herzen").

## Usage

"Freuet euch der schönen Erde" has been used as a slogan for concerns of ecology and preservation of nature. It is the title of a 2000 book about Christian understanding of nature in history, a booklet for a children's event, and an exhibition about art related to nature, among others.
# Houma–Yueshan railway

The Houma–Yueshan railway or Houyue railway (simplified Chinese: 侯月铁路; traditional Chinese: 侯月鐵路; pinyin: Hóuyuè tiělù), is a railway line in northern China between Houma in Shanxi Province and the railway junction of Yueshan in Bo'ai County of neighboring Henan Province. The railway has a total length of 252 km (157 mi) and was built from January 1990 to November 1995. The line entered into operations in January 1996 and forms part of the southern rail corridor for the transport of coal from Shanxi Province.

## Route

In the west, the Houyue railway commences branches off of the Datong–Puzhou railway at Houma in southwestern Shanxi and runs due east through Yicheng and Qinshui to the Qin River, in south central Shanxi, and follows the river south, past Yancheng into Henan. At the Liandong railway station near Jiyuan, the line joins the Jiaozuo-Liuzhou railway and follows that line east to the Yueshan railway station in Bo'ai County.

## Rail connections

* Houma: Houma–Xi'an railway
* Jiyuan (Liandong railway station): Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway to Yueshan
# The Original Cleanhead

The Original Cleanhead is an album by the American saxophonist/vocalist Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson recorded in Los Angeles in 1969 and originally released by the BluesTime label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
AllMusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated "choosing to more or less adhere to the blend of blues, R&B, and bop that became his signature in the '40s, along with relying on a selection of familiar songs. Vinson does show some signs of settling into his role as an old pro -- his voice, which surfaces often, is robust and gravelly, he prefers to ease back rather than push ... The Original Cleanhead captures an elder statesman who demands respect for his old tricks but is intent on not turning them into shtick ... This makes The Original Cleanhead not a major session but rather an easy pleasure that's hard to resist". Robert Christgau called it "A worthy introduction to one of the cleanest--and nastiest--blues voices you'll ever hear. He also plays alto sax with the solid adaptability of a territory man who's been on the road since the '40".

## Track listing

All compositions by Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson except where noted
* "Cleanhead Blues" − 2:31
* "Pass Out" (Joe Pass) − 6:22
* "Alimony Blues" − 2:34
* "Cleanhead Is Back" − 3:50
* "Juice Head Baby" − 3:18
* "Old Maid Boogie" − 3:17
* "One O'Clock Humph" (Plas Johnson, Earl Palmer) − 6:55
* "I Needs to Be Be'd Wid" − 2:50

## Personnel

* Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson − alto saxophone, vocals
* Plas Johnson − tenor saxophone
* David Cohen, Joe Pass − guitar
* Artie Butler − piano, organ
* Arthur Wright − bass
* Earl Palmer – drums
# Aralioideae

Aralioideae is a subfamily of flowering plants contains around 50 recognized genera. These include the genus Panax, to which ginseng belongs. Other notable species are the Angelica-tree (devil's walking-stick, Aralia spinosa), the devil's club (Oplopanax horridus), or common ivy (Hedera helix).
They are traditionally divided into a number of tribes. More recently it has turned out that the Aralieae and Schefflerieae were not accurately delimited. However, with moving some genera around, monophyly of each taxon can probably be achieved. Splitting the Panaceae from the Aralieae is rejected by the current state of knowledge, and whether the Schefflerieae can be accurately subdivided into the Plerandreae and Tetraplasandreae is at least highly doubtful. The Mackinlayeae seem to form a smaller and more basal lineage, but many other genera still await study.

## Mackinlayeae

* Apiopetalum
* Mackinlaya
* Pseudosciadium

## Aralieae

* Aralia
* Arthrophyllum
* Cuphocarpus
* Gastonia
* Meryta
* Munroidendron
* Panax
* Pentapanax
* Polyscias
* Pseudopanax
* Reynoldsia
* Sciadodendron
* Tetraplasandra

## Schefflerieae

* Astropanax
* Brassaiopsis
* Crepinella
* Dendropanax
* Didymopanax
* Eleutherococcus
* × Fatshedera
* Fatsia
* Frodinia
* Gamblea
* Hedera
* Heptapleurum
* Heteropanax
* Kalopanax
* Macropanax
* Metapanax
* Oplopanax
* Oreopanax
* Schefflera
* Sciodaphyllum
* Sinopanax
* Tetrapanax
* Trevesia
* Tupidanthus

## Placement unresolved

* Anakasia
* Astrotricha – basal?
* Cephalaralia – basal?
* Cheirodendron – basal?
* Cussonia – basal?
* Harmsiopanax
* Megalopanax
* Merrilliopanax
* Motherwellia
* Osmoxylon – basal?
* Raukaua – basal?
* Seemannaralia
* Woodburnia
# 1851 in sports

1851 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

## Bandy

Events
* By the second half of the 19th century, bandy has become popular among the masses throughout the Russian Empire. Traditionally, the Russians use a longer skate blade than other nations, giving them the advantage of skating faster. However, they find it more difficult to turn quickly. A bandy skate has a longer blade than an ice hockey skate, and the "Russian skate" even longer.

## Baseball

Events
* The Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York plays two matches with the Washington club, soon afterwards named Gotham. These are the second and third meetings between two clubs under "Knickerbocker Rules" after one played five years earlier. For 1851 to 1853, two annual Knicks-Gothams games are the only known matches between clubs, the Knicks winning all six.

## Boxing

Events
* Tom Hyer announces his retirement (though he will make a brief but unsuccessful comeback in 1854) and relinquishes the Championship of America. The title is claimed by Yankee Sullivan who fought Hyer in 1849 but he is not generally recognised.
* 29 September — William Perry defends the Championship of England title against the welterweight Harry Broome at Mildenhall. Perry is disqualified in the 15th round for striking Broome while he is kneeling. Broome is the new English champion.
* 16 December — future champion Tom Paddock fights Harry Poulson at Belper in Derbyshire. Paddock wins in the 86th round but the fight ends in a riot. Paddock and Poulson are both jailed and sentenced to ten months hard labour.

## Chess

Events
* Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky play the Immortal Game in London. It is an informal game played during a break in the world's first international chess tournament, which is staged as part of the Great Exhibition.
* Anderssen wins the London tournament and, as he is one of the strongest players of his time, is considered by many to be the first World Chess Champion.

## Cricket

Events
* 11 & 12 February — Tasmania v Victoria at Launceston Racecourse is the inaugural first-class match played in Australia. Tasmania wins by 3 wickets.
England
* Most runs – George Chatterton 455 @ 19.78 (HS 88)
* Most wickets – James Grundy 114 @ 9.60 (BB 8–?)

## Horse racing

England
* Grand National – Abd-El-Kader (second successive win)
* 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Aphrodite
* 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Hernandez
* The Derby – Teddington
* The Oaks – Iris
* St. Leger Stakes – Newminster

## Lacrosse

Events
* Montreal's Olympic Club organises a team to play a game against an indigenous team.

## Rowing

The Boat Race
* The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race is not held this year

## Yacht racing

America's Cup
* The yacht America beats the Royal Yachting Squadron in a race around the Isle of Wight, the event leading to the creation of the America's Cup
# Brachymesia furcata
## Introduction

Brachymesia furcata, commonly known as the red-tailed pennant, is part of the dragonfly order Odonata. It is a species of skimmer belonging to Libellulidae, one of the largest dragonfly families in the world. Along with Brachymesia gravida and B. herbida, two closely related species within the same genus, B. furcata is often found in semi-aquatic habitats distributed throughout the Caribbean, the Americas, Argentina, West India, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. Current populations of B. furcata are stable. The IUCN conservation status of B. furcata designates the species as "least concern" as last reviewed in 2017.

## Life Cycle & Habitat

Similar to other dragonflies, B. furcata has a life cycle consisting of three primary stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Its eggs are laid in still-water conditions on submerged aquatic plants or directly into the water depending on the environmental conditions. Marshes, ponds, lakes, and other mildly saline aquatic habitats are all potential locations for dragonflies to colonize. Bottom debris and aquatic vegetation provide both sustenance as well as hiding spots for the newly hatched dragonfly nymphs. After undergoing a few molts, the nymph transitions to adulthood. As an adult, B. furcata still inhabits a semi-aquatic environment where it feeds on small flying insects such as flies or mosquitoes. Generation time for an entire life cycle is known to be fast but exact intervals are likely to depend on the specific local environmental setting.

## Appearance
### Egg Stage

An adult female dragonfly can lay up to hundreds of eggs in batches within its lifetime. The eggs of B. furcata appear elongate and are encased in a jelly-like substance.

### Nymph Stage

Freshly hatched nymphs live in subaquatic habitats until they become adult dragonflies. Their physical appearances differ greatly from their adult forms starting from the obvious lack of wings. Nymphs have six long legs, which help them navigate their underwater environment. They have compound eyes and a rounded head that is nearly as wide as their thorax. Nymphs of all dragonfly species in the genus Brachymesia look nearly identical.

### Adult Stage

Adult dragonflies have contiguous eyes and four separate wings. Compared to their nymph form, adults have a thinner abdomen that is slightly thicker around the thorax. As implied by their common name, B. furcata adults have an obviously red tail that distinguishes them from other dragonflies within the same genus.

## Environmental concerns

Although B. furcata is relatively safe from extinction, populations are affected by anthropogenic interference. Ivermectin, a medication used to treat cattle parasites, was found in detectable concentrations within B. furcata larvae along the Parana Medio River. Adverse effects on the species have yet to be observed.
# Dokmir

Dokmir is a village in the municipality of Ub, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 431 people.
# Frog Level, North Carolina

There are three communities in the U.S. state of North Carolina named Frog Level:
* Frog Level, Pitt County, North Carolina, a community on the outskirts of Greenville, North Carolina
* Frog Level, Rutherford County, North Carolina, a community in Spindale, North Carolina
* Frog Level, Waynesville, North Carolina, a neighborhood in western North Carolina municipality of Waynesville
** Frog Level Historic District, Waynesville, North Carolina, a part of the neighborhood listed on the NRHP
# Alexandre Cellier

Alexandre Cellier (born 4 December 1966) is a Swiss musician, son of Marcel Cellier. He has played as a duo with Ion Miu.

## Biography

Alexandre Cellier is a Swiss multi-instrument musician and composer, born 4 December 1966 in Lausanne.
As a child, he was surrounded and inspired by the fantastic gypsy music recorded by his parents, Catherine and Marcel Cellier. At fourteen, he developed a passion for jazz piano, improvisation and composition with François Lindemann. He continued his studies at the Lausanne Conservatory with Christian Favre. Since 1982, he has played in various formations and has composed for dance, theatre, storytelling, and film. In 1987, he met Jean Duperrex with whom he composes and improvises for the Ecole de Theatre Diggelman. Together, they created the "Bricomic" show which is still very popular at school plays, private parties and in a variety of unusual settings.
In 1991, at the Montreux Jazz Festival, Alexandre became fascinated by the balafon and djembe played by Les Frères Coulibaly, just before Le Mystère des voix bulgares. After four exploratory journeys, he created a book with CD about percussion and the musical life of Burkina Faso. In 2000 during Trinidad’s carnival, he discovered the Caribbean steel pan, and learnt to play it. A gypsy at heart, he continued his musical training in Brazil, Louisiana, Eastern Europe and Australia. On every occasion the musical Sesame has opened unimaginable doors and allowed magical encounters between the composer, the performer, the presenter, and the music. Alexandre Cellier is involved in different projects with musicians like Antoine Auberson, Annick Rody, Aurelie Tropez, Ion Miu, Evan Christopher, André-Daniel Meylan, Maria de la Paz, William Fierro, Ulrich Herkenhoff, Oliver Grosclaude, Cyril Regamey, Julie Sicre, Jean-Baptiste Buisson, and he also plays solo. Alexandre’s obsession is transforming everyday objects into musical instruments.

## Discography

* Compositions 1 (2008)
# 2007–08 Serbian League West

Serbian League West is a section of the Serbian League, Serbia's third-tier football league. Teams from the western part of Serbia are in this section of the league. The other sections are Serbian League East, Serbian League Vojvodina, and Serbian League Belgrade.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Mladi Radnik (C, P) | 30 | 24 | 5 | 1 | 63 | 17 | +46 | 77 | Promotion to the Serbian First League |
| 2 | Sloga Kraljevo | 30 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 48 | 31 | +17 | 54 | Qualification for promotion play-offs |
| 3 | INON | 30 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 39 | 28 | +11 | 45 | |
| 4 | Mačva Šabac | 30 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 30 | 27 | +3 | 43 | |
| 5 | Radnički Kragujevac | 30 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 27 | 24 | +3 | 43 | |
| 6 | Sloga Petrovac | 30 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 29 | 32 | −3 | 42 | |
| 7 | Metalac Kraljevo | 30 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 34 | 32 | +2 | 39 | |
| 8 | Jedinstvo Ub | 30 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 29 | 35 | −6 | 39 | |
| 9 | Vujić Voda | 30 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 37 | 40 | −3 | 38 | |
| 10 | Budućnost Valjevo | 30 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 23 | 38 | −15 | 38 | |
| 11 | Sloboda Čačak | 30 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 32 | 40 | −8 | 37 | |
| 12 | Sloboda Užice | 30 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 26 | 30 | −4 | 35 | |
| 13 | Železničar Lajkovac | 30 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 25 | 38 | −13 | 34 | |
| 14 | Morava Velika Plana (R) | 30 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 39 | 41 | −2 | 33 | Qualification for relegation play-offs |
| 15 | Sloga Bajina Bašta (R) | 30 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 25 | 36 | −11 | 33 | Relegation to Zone League |
| 16 | Šumadija 1903 (R) | 30 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 29 | 46 | −17 | 30 | Relegation to Zone League |