OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Graeme Wood (businessman)

Graeme Thomas Wood AM (born 1947) is an Australian digital entrepreneur, philanthropist and environmentalist. He founded the websites Wotif.com and The Global Mail. Wood has also invested in The Guardian Australia.

## Career

Wood founded The Global Mail, a not-for-profit multimedia site for journalism in the public interest. In July 2013, The Global Mail became the first institutional member of the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), as part of Wood's three-year, US$1.5 million grant to bolster cross-border investigative reporting. Other businesses Wood has founded include Wild Mob (2008), a not-for-profit organisation that aims to protect Australia's most threatened species and ecosystems by giving young people the opportunity to participate in conservation work and environmental education; Artology (2011), an organisation focused on youth development and social change through the arts; and Wotnews, which closed in 2012 after spawning We Are Hunted, a music recommendation website sold to Twitter in 2013.
The Graeme Wood Foundation supports environmental sustainability, the arts, tertiary education and improved justice for Australia's Indigenous community. In 2010, he gave a political donation of A$1.6 million, to The Greens and is a donor of University of Queensland, the University of Tasmania, and Melbourne University. In January 2013, Wood became a prominent backer of the digital arm of British newspaper The Guardian in Australia, which he said would add quality and diversity to Australian media and foster a closer interaction with the rest of the world. In October 2016, leaked emails from the account of John Podesta included a claim by a public relations company, Fenton Communications, that Wood had pledged US$500,000 towards an advertising campaign to counter the climate change denial stance of media owned by Rupert Murdoch. Wood has since stated, "It sounded like a good idea at the time but in the end I didn’t proceed with any funding".
In 2011, Wood acquired the Triabunna Woodchip Mill in Tasmania. He submitted plans for the rejuvenation of the site, renamed Spring Bay Mill, in September 2016.

## Awards and honours

Wood was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2012 Australia Day Honours. He was awarded Suncorp Queenslander of the Year and received an Honorary Doctorate of Economics from the University of Queensland.
# Graeme Wilson (translator)

Graeme McDonald Wilson (9 May 1919 – 2 September 1992) was a British academic and translator. He served in the Fleet Air Arm (1939–1946) and, following World War II, joined the Civil Service. He lectured for the British Council, wrote reviews for English literature journals, and wrote radio scripts for the Australian Broadcasting Company. In 1964, he was seconded to the Foreign Service as counsellor and civil air attache at twelve Far Eastern posts. Between 1968 and 1969 he was a Ford Foundation Fellow of the National Translation Center in Austin, Texas. His works include co-translations, with Aiko Itō, of I Am a Cat and Ten Nights of Dreams by Natsume Sōseki.

## Translations

* Girl in the Rain
* I Am a Cat, by Natsume Sōseki (with Aiko Itō), 1972
* Ten Nights of Dreams, Hearing Things by Natsume Sōseki (with Aiko Itō)
* The Heredity of Taste by Natsume Sōseki
* From the Morning of the World: Poems from the by Man'yōshū
* Three Contemporary Japanese Poets: Hitoshi Anzai, Kazuko Shiraishi, Shuntarō Tanikawa (with Atsumi Ikuko)
* Face at the Bottom of the World and Other Poems, translations of the modern Japanese poetry of Hagiwara Sakutaro
* Tree of Happiness
# Sappho (1785 ship)

Sappho was launched at Shields in 1785. She spent most of her career trading with the Baltic, though she made some voyages elsewhere, and in particular, between 1788 and 1799 she made a voyage to the Falkland Islands as a whaler. She was last listed in 1798, having perhaps been captured in late 1797.

## Career

Sappho first appeared in Lloyd's Register in 1786.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1786 | Sanderson | T.Weir | Gothenburg–London | LR |
| 1787 | Sanderson T.Middleton | T.Weir Ogle & Co. | Gothenburg–London London–Southern Fishery | LR |
Whaling voyage (1787–1789): Captain Thomas Middleton sailed from London on 5 December 1787, bound for the Falkland Islands. In April 1789 Sappho and Elizabeth and Mary, James Hopper, master, were in Port Desire when a Spanish frigate arrived and confiscated thousands of seal skins they had gathered. Sappho herself had to give up some 7,000 seal skins. In April 1789 she put into Port Desire for water and repairs. Sappho returned to London on 16 July 1789 with one tun of sperm oil, eight tuns of whale oil, four cwt whale bone, and 19,000 seal skins.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1790 | G.Middleton W.Moody | Horncastle | London–Petersburg | LR |
| 1793 | W.Moody Illegible J.French | Horncastle G.Kendal | London–Ostend London–Lisbon | LR |
| 1794 | J.French J.Greathead | G.Kedall | London–Lisbon | LR |
| 1795 | Greathed | Kendall | London–Pernambuco | LR |
| 1796 | Greethed | Kendall | London–Riga | LR |

## Fate

Sappho was last listed in 1798 with data unchanged from 1796.
A French privateer captured and took into Bordeaux in 1797 a Sappho, Elliot, master, as Sappho was sailing from Lisbon to Limerick. Although at the time Sappho was a unique name in Lloyd's Register, it may require original research to determine whether the captured Sappho was the Sappho of this article.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 LR (1786), Seq.No.S618.
* 1 2 Clayton (2014), p. 214.
* 1 2 3 British Southern Whale Fishery Database – Voyages: Sappho.
* ↑ Stackpole (1972), p. 122.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2956. 22 September 1797. hdl:2027/mdp.39015073721238.
# Theorin

Theorin is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernt Theorin, footballer
* Daniel Theorin (born 1983), Swedish footballer
* Iréne Theorin (born 1963), Swedish operatic soprano
* Johan Theorin (born 1963), Swedish journalist and author
* Maj Britt Theorin (1932–2021), Swedish politician
# Tim Caro

Timothy M. Caro (born 1951) is a British evolutionary ecologist known for his work on conservation biology, animal behaviour, anti-predator defences in animals, and the function of zebra stripes. He is the author of several textbooks on these subjects.

## Life

Caro was born in 1951 to artists Anthony Caro and Sheila Girling. Caro gained his bachelor's degree in zoology at Cambridge University in 1973, and his doctorate in psychology at the University of St Andrews in 1979. He was a professor of wildlife biology at University of California, Davis, in the departments of population biology and wildlife and fish conservation biology. He is currently a professor of biology at the University of Bristol. He has studied the colour polymorphism of coconut crabs, the conservation of fragments of forest, and the function of coloration in mammals, especially zebra stripes.

### How the zebra got its stripes

Caro's team found evidence that zebra stripes help to reduce biting by tabanid flies, but no reliable support for traditionally held hypotheses about the function of zebra stripes including camouflage, predator avoidance, heat management, or social interaction. He evaluated 18 different proposed explanations for the stripes, devising and carrying out quantitative tests to compare them. The evolutionary ecologist Tim Birkhead, writing in the Times Higher Education, praised Caro's 2006 book Zebra Stripes as "an exemplary study", calling it "one long argument", a phrase used by Darwin of his On the Origin of Species, summarizing it as "in essence a 300-page scientific paper". Karin Brulliard, writing in The Washington Post under the headline "To figure out why the zebra got its stripes, this researcher dressed up like one", portrays Caro in a zebra costume "not used in his fieldwork", but also in a tailor-made striped suit in the Tanzanian bush, as well as in pelts of zebra and the unstriped wildebeest. The newspaper reports Caro as "absolutely convinced" that he has found the right explanation. Matthew Cobb, writing in New Scientist, recalls Rudyard Kipling's children's book, Just So Stories, in which the zebra got his stripes by standing half-in, half-out of the shadows "with the slippery-slidy shadows of the trees" on his body. Cobb calls Zebra Stripes a marvellous book and predicts it will encourage a generation to "tackle evolutionary biology's remaining enigmas, with or without the help of Kipling." Michael Lemonick, writing in The New Yorker echoed the just-so-story theme.

## Works

* Caro, Tim (1994). Cheetahs of the Serengeti Plains: Group Living in an Asocial Species. University of Chicago Press.
* Caro, Tim (1998). Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Biology. Oxford University Press.
* Caro, Tim (2005). Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals. University of Chicago Press.
* Caro, Tim (2010). Conservation by Proxy: Indicator, Umbrella, Keystone, Flagship, and Other Surrogate Species. Island Press.
* Caro, Tim (2016). Zebra Stripes. University of Chicago Press.
# 1936–37 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season

During the 1936–37 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.
# West Chester, Tuscarawas County, Ohio

West Chester is an unincorporated community in Tuscarawas County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

West Chester was laid out and platted in 1814. An old variant name of West Chester was Cadwallader. A post office called Cadwallader was established in 1828, and remained in operation until 1918.
# Iberia Column

The Iberia Column was a militia column that operated at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

## History

The column was created in September 1936, made up of members of the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI) of the Levante. It was organized in centuries that acted under the direction of a war committee, which included anarchists such as Vicente Sanchís, Modesto Mameli and José Padilla. It even came to have its own supply and health services, as well as a field hospital with 72 beds for the wounded.
The column marched to the Teruel Front, where it remained for most of its existence. Subsequently, it fell under the command of Jesús Velasco Echave, commander of the Torres-Benedito Column. It did not intervene in the republican offensive on Teruel in December 1936. In the spring of 1937 the column was militarized without opposition from its members, it was integrated into the 81st Mixed Brigade, although some of its troops formed the 94th Mixed Brigade.
# David Daubney

David Bruce Daubney (born July 23, 1947) is a former Canadian politician, who served in the House of Commons of Canada from 1984 to 1988. He represented the electoral district of Ottawa West as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada caucus.
Following his defeat in the 1988 election, Daubney was a senior policy advisor in the federal Department of Justice until his retirement in 2011, and has served on the board of the Ottawa Public Library. An outspoken critic of the contemporary Conservative Party of Canada, he endorsed the Liberal candidate in his riding in both the 2011 election and the 2015 election.
# Sundance Air Force Station

Sundance Air Force Station (ADC ID: TM-201, NORAD ID: Z-201) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 6.3 miles northwest of Sundance, Wyoming. It was closed in 1968.

## History

Sundance Air Force Station came into existence as part of Phase III of the Air Defense Command Mobile Radar program. On 20 October 1953 ADC requested a third phase of twenty-five radar sites be constructed.
The station became operational with the activation of the 731st Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 1 December 1960, feeding data to DC-19 at Minot AFB, North Dakota. Operational status was delayed at Sundance AFS to allow testing to determine if atomic energy could be used to produce sufficient power to operate a radar station.
A Portable Medium 1 (PM-1) transportable nuclear power plant developed by the US Army Nuclear Power Program was designed and installed on the site. The tests succeeded, and the site became operational in 1962 with the activation of AN/FPS-7C search radar and the AN/FPS-6 and AN/FPS-26 height-finder radars as the United States' first nuclear-powered radars.
The radar squadron provided information to the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range, direction, altitude, and speed, and to evaluate whether aircraft were friendly or hostile.
The radars were operated until 1968 when Air Defense Command closed the station as part of a draw down of assets and budget reductions. The PM-1 plant was operated by Air Force, Army and Navy personnel, and it produced electricity for 4,101 hours without incident. It was dismantled after the site was inactivated. The reactor site remains fenced, marked as "US Government Property, No Trespassing".
Today, what was Sundance AFS is part of a housing development called "Vista West". What remains of undeveloped parts of the radar station are abandoned, the buildings severely deteriorated.

## Air Force units and assignments

Units:
* 731st Radar Squadron (SAGE), Activated on 1 December 1960
    Discontinued on 18 June 1968
Assignments:
* 29th Air Division, 1 December 1960
* Minot Air Defense Sector, 1 January 1961
* Sioux City Air Defense Sector, 25 June 1963
* 30th Air Division, 1 April 1966 – 18 June 1968
# Field (agriculture)

In agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops or as a paddock or other enclosure for livestock. A field may also be an area left to lie fallow or as arable land.
Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.

## Paddock

In Australian and New Zealand English, any agricultural field may be called a paddock, especially if for keeping sheep or cattle. If stock are grazed there, the space may be called a run, e.g. sheep run; cattle run. The term paddock is used more specifically in animal husbandry for a system in which grazing land is divided into small areas, paddocks, and the stock graze each paddock in turn for a short period. Paddock grazing systems may be designed with, for example, 6 or 11 paddocks used in rotation.
A paddock is normally fenced, usually by wire, and often defined by its natural boundaries, or is otherwise considered distinct. A back paddock is a smaller field that is situated away from the farm house; possibly land of lesser quality. The equivalent concept in North America and the UK is a pasture.
In Australia, the word seems to have had its current meaning since at least 1807 and in New Zealand since at least 1842. However, the English meaning of "field" was used earlier in Australia and is still occasionally used. Similarly, meadow was in early use and has appeared later, for example, in 2004. Field remains in regular use in Australasia in expressions such as football field, Field Day and field trip.
In a new style of intensive farming developed in North America, a paddock is a small (perhaps 1 acre) temporary subdivision of a pasture made with electric fencing, which is intensely grazed for a day and then left to rest for perhaps 80 days or more.

## Image gallery

* A green field or paddock with Hereford cattle
* A summer field
* Spring fields with trees, Majorca, Spain, 2004
* A combine harvester on the field, Pornainen, Finland, 2016
* Sown fields in an open field system of farming
* Wheat Field Under Clouded Sky by Vincent van Gogh, July 1890
* Paddy field
# Fillol's Hall

Fillol's Hall or Felix Hall, Kelvedon, Essex was an English manor house. It belonged to the Fillol family, which included Catherine Fillol, Duchess of Somerset, the first wife of the future Lord Protector of England Sir Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, uncle of Edward VI.
In the mid eighteenth century the Hall was acquired by the plantation owner Daniel Mathew (1718-1777) and sold after his death. A fine family portrait c1763 painted by Johan Zoffany was part of the National Trust Clandon Park House collection, Guildford.
Charles Western, 1st Baron Western bought Felix Hall about 1790. Western in the early nineteenth century made additions there in classical style, to create a modern mansion. They were based on a drawing by Antoine Desgodetz of the Temple of Portunus.
In 1953 Felix Hall, then in ruins, was bought by Milner Gray and his wife.
# Finest Thing

"Finest Thing" is a song recorded by Lisa Stansfield's band, Blue Zone. It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Blue Zone, Chris Porter and Pete Wingfield. The single was released in the United Kingdom and Germany in June 1986. "Finest Thing" was remixed by Nick Martinelli.

## Track listings

German/UK 7" single
* "Finest Thing" – 4:20
* "Love Will Wait" – 4:20
German/UK 12" single
* "Finest Thing" (Extended Version) – 6:30
* "Finest Thing" (7" Version) – 4:20
* "Love Will Wait" (Extended Version) – 6:46
UK 12" single (Remix)
* "Finest Thing" (U.S. Remix) – 6:00
* "Finest Thing" (Instrumental Dub) – 5:10
* "Love Will Wait" – 4:20
# Finest Worksong

"Finest Worksong" is the third and final single released from R.E.M.'s fifth studio album Document. It peaked at number 50 on the UK Singles Chart in April 1988, at the time the group's highest-charting single in the UK.
The single version of the song (also known as Mutual Drum Horn mix), featuring a new horn section by The Uptown Horns, was placed on R.E.M.'s I.R.S. Records compilation Eponymous. This was the last original single the band released on I.R.S. Records.

## Track listing

All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe.
7" single
* "Finest Worksong" – 3:50
* "Time After Time, Etc." (Live)$^1$ – 8:22
12" single and 3" CD single
* "Finest Worksong" – 3:50
* "Time After Time, Etc." (Live)$^1$ – 8:22
* "Finest Worksong" (Lengthy Club mix) – 5:52
* "Finest Worksong" (Other mix) – 3:47
UK CD single
* "Finest Worksong"
* "Time After Time, Etc." (Live)$^1$
* "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"
# Finesti

Finesti was a Luxembourg-based company that carried out collection, management and dissemination of data and documents related to investment funds. It also provided general consultation products and services in order to facilitate public access to investment fund information.
On 1 July 2013, all its activities were taken over by Fundsquare, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.
The majority of the information on investment funds that was collected and disseminated by Finesti was derived from Luxembourg-domiciled funds, although it was also active in collecting data and documents from funds in other European countries. As at December 2008, its database contained data and documents on around 31,000 share classes of investment funds.
Data and documents were collected from fund administrators and promoters. They were then repackaged into dissemination products for financial data vendors and other users of bulk data. Information collected was also made available on its website.

## History

The company was created in April 1995, as CCLux (Centrale de Communications Luxembourg S.A.), by the Association of the Luxembourg Fund Industry (ALFI), the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and around thirty Luxembourg financial institutions. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange in May 2002.
On 28 January 2009, it changed its name to Finesti. It shared infrastructure and resources with the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and, in particular, it shared a secure transmission platform, known as e-file.lu.
Following its integration into Fundsquare in July 2013, the company was wound up.

## Collection Platforms

The e-file.lu platform was used for transmission of fund regulatory reports and other fund documents, such as prospectuses and annual and semi-annual reports, to the Luxembourg financial regulator, the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF), and the Central Bank of Luxembourg. Finesti was mandated by these authorities to provide these services.
In addition to this platform, it also ran an in-house collection platform, known as the Finesti Station, for the collection of other types of data from investment fund administrators.

## Partnerships

Finesti and a Danish company called FundConnect were mandated by the European Fund and Asset Management Association (EFAMA) to be joint Classification Administrators of its European Fund Classification (EFC) with the mission to implement the EFC on a pan-European basis.
The company was also active in the provision of Fund Processing Passports, short harmonized documents containing all key operational information to facilitate investment fund processing within Europe.
Finesti also provided data services for the Luxembourg Fund Labelling Agency (LuxFLAG), an organisation providing information on microfinance investment vehicles.
# Fife rail

A fife rail is a design element of a European-style sailing ship used to belay the ship's halyards at the base of a mast. When surrounding a mast, a fife rail is sometimes referred to specifically by the name of the mast with which it is associated: the main fife rail surrounds the main mast; the mizzen fife rail surrounds the mizzen mast, etc. It is one of a dozen or so types of "rails" often found on such ships. Fife rails are typically horizontal strips of either wood or iron and are joined and fitted to the tops of a series of stanchions. The term apparently derives from the location where the ship's fifer would sit and play his fife at heaving of the ship's anchor.
A fife rail surrounding a ship's mast will contain a series of belaying pins corresponding to the sails on that mast which they belay. A mast will either have a single horseshoe-shaped fife rail surround the base of the mast on the fore, starboard, and port sides, a single straight rail directly before or directly behind the mast, or a set of two fife rails, one on each side (fore and aft) of the mast.
Each sail associated with a given fife rail will have several corresponding belaying pins set into that rail.
Although a fife rail is a kind of pin rail, the term "pin rail" is often used to specifically denote those rails containing belaying pins that are attached to the hull. Unlike these, fife rails are freestanding.
# Fifer (disambiguation)

A fifer is a non-combatant military occupation of a foot soldier who originally played the fife during combat.
Fifer may also refer to:

## People

* James Fifer (1930–1986), American rower
* Joseph W. Fifer (1840–1938), Republican governor of Illinois
* Richard Fifer Carles (born 1957), Panamanian businessman and politician
* Robert Fifer (born 1956), American business consultant, author and speaker
* Scott Fifer, founder of GO Campaign

### Characters

* Nicki Fifer, on The Drew Carey Show portrayed by Kate Walsh

## Other uses

* The Fifer (or Young Flautist), an 1866 painting by French painter Édouard Manet
* Fifer, a Five-wicket haul in cricket