OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xiguan, Hebei

Xiguan, Gaocheng (Chinese: 西关镇) is a township-level division of Gaocheng, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
# USS Thatcher

USS Thatcher may refer to:
* USS Thatcher (DD-162), a Wickes-class destroyer launched in 1918. She was transferred to Canada in 1940 and recommissioned HMCS Niagara (I57). She was decommissioned in 1945 and scrapped the following year.
* USS Thatcher (DD-514), a Fletcher-class destroyer, launched in 1942 and struck in 1945.
# 2012 Rugby Super League season

The 2012 Rugby Super League season was the seventeenth and final season of the Rugby Super League, the United States premier division of rugby union, before being replaced by the USA Rugby Elite Cup. The regular season commenced on March 10, 2012. On May 19, 2012, the regular season ended, and was followed by the playoffs, for which the top four clubs qualified.
The defending champions and premiers were the San Francisco Golden Gate. New York Athletic Club RFC won both the regular season and the playoffs.

## Participating clubs

| Club | Coach | Captain | Ground | Capacity |
| Boston | Eugene Mountjoy | — | Franklin Park | 500 |
| Chicago Griffins | Wesley Parkes | — | Schiller Woods | 1,000 |
| Dallas Harlequins | Michael Engelbrecht | — | Glencoe Park | 2,000 |
| Denver Barbarians | Jason Kelly | Kevin Whitcher | Shea Stadium | 18,086 |
| Life | James Isaacson | — | LU Sports Complex | 10,000 |
| New York Athletic | Mike Tolkin | Alexander Magleby | Travers Island | 5,000 |
| Old Blue | Marty Veale | Dominic Wareing | Baker Field | 1,200 |
| OPSB | Evan Haigh | — | Magnuson Park | 3,000 |
| San Francisco | Paul Keeler | — | Ray Sheeran Field | 4,500 |

## Standings
### Red Conference

| | Team | Pld | W | L | D | Bonus | Total |
| 1 | Old Puget Sound Beach | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 43 |
| 2 | San Francisco | 9 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 29 |
| 3 | Griffins | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 19 |
| 4 | Barbarians | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 19 |

### Blue Conference

| | Team | Pld | W | L | D | Bonus | Total |
| 1 | New York | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 44 |
| 2 | Life | 9 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 29 |
| 3 | Old Blue | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 18 |
| 4 | Dallas | 8 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
| 5 | Boston | 8 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
* 4 Points awarded to the winning team
* 0 Points to the losing team
* 2 Points to each team in the case of a tie
* 1 Bonus Point to a team scoring 4 or more tries
* 1 Bonus Point to a losing team keeping the score within 7 points
References:

## Play-offs

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| R1 | Old Puget Sound Beach | 39 | | | |
| R2 | San Francisco | 6 | | | |
| R2 | San Francisco | 6 | R1 | Old Puget Sound Beach | 29 |
| | | | B1 | NYAC | 32 |
| B1 | NYAC | 38 | B1 | NYAC | 32 |
| B2 | Life | 12 | | | |
# Short Hill Mountain

Short Hill Mountain is a mountain ridge of the Blue Ridge Mountains in northwest Loudoun County, Virginia.

## Geography

Short Hill rises sharply from the Piedmont countryside of the Loudoun Valley, northwest of Purcellville. It is a low-lying ridge, barely over 400 feet (120 m) in elevation. The mountain ridge extends northeast for approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) before descending to the Hillsboro Gap, through which the North Fork of Catoctin Creek flows and the town of Hillsboro is located. North of the gap, the ridge quickly achieves heights of greater than 600 feet (180 m), and continues for 12 miles (19 km), gradually gaining elevation, before dropping precipitously to the Potomac River.
The portion of the mountain south of Hillsboro Gap is known as Signal Mountain for the Union Army signaling station located on its 1,020 feet (310 m) summit during the American Civil War. North of the Potomac, the ridge continues as South Mountain in Maryland and Pennsylvania.
Short Hill is about 4 miles (6.4 km) east of the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountain, which forms the western border of Loudoun County, and the valley in between the mountains is known as Between the Hills and includes the villages of Loudoun Heights and Neersville. To the east of the mountain is the Catoctin Valley.
A small portion of Short Hill, along its northwestern slope and adjoining the Potomac, is owned by the National Park Service to preserve downriver views for Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. The rest of the mountain is in private hands and is by and large undeveloped. The only road crossing of the mountain is Virginia State Route 9 at Hillsboro.

## Geology

The rocks underlying Short Hill are of the late Proterozoic and early Paleozoic eras. The formation consists primarily of metabasalt greenstone deposited during the early Catoctin Formation and interspersed with metasedimentary phyllite, schist and breccia, which were deposited later. The rocks were originally deposited contiguous with those of the Blue Ridge Mountains and uplifted together during the Grenville Orogeny. The two ridges were later separated in the late Paleozoic era by movement along the Short Hill Fault, which runs along the western edge of the mountain. During the Alleghenian Orogeny the rocks were pushed westward to their present location and uplifted once more.

## Project Office

Short Hill Mountain north of Hillsboro is home to one of several AT&T Corporation Project Offices, underground facilities constructed in the 1960s to provide redundant communications services. The Short Hill facility was renovated in the late 2010s and remains active.
# Kebenei

Kebenei is a surname of Kenyan origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Stanley Kebenei (born 1989), Kenyan long-distance runner
* Wilson Kebenei (born 1980), Kenyan half marathon runner
# Gabriel Roth

Gabriel Roth may refer to:
* Gabriel Roth (musician), American musician and producer
* Gabriel Roth (footballer) (born 1979), Argentine association football player
* Gabriel Roth (economist), writer on Transport economics
* Gabriel Roth (filmmaker) (born 1974), brother and sometime collaborator of Eli Roth

## Similar spellings

* Gabriele Roth (born 1967) German hurdler
* Gabrielle Roth (1941–2012), American dancer
# 1997 Davidoff Swiss Indoors

The 1997 Davidoff Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland that was part of the World Series of the 1997 ATP Tour. It was the 28th edition of the tournament and was held from 29 September until 5 October 1996. Fourth-seeded Greg Rusedski won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Greg Rusedski defeated Mark Philippoussis 6–3, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$
* It was Rusedski's 2nd singles title of the year and the 5th of his career.

### Doubles

Tim Henman / Marc Rosset defeated Karsten Braasch / Jim Grabb 7–6, 6–7, 7–6
# Andrușul de Sus

Andrușul de Sus is a village in Cahul District, Moldova.
# The Word (library)

The Word, National Centre for the Written Word is a library and community centre in South Shields, England.

## Location

The building is located in South Shields market place, on the south bank of the River Tyne. It is near to the centre of town and also to the Shields Ferry landing. The Grade I listed Old Town Hall is adjacent, and St Hilda's Church is also nearby.

## History

The library was opened on 19 October 2016 and marked the completion of the first phase of the local authority South Tyneside Council's development plan "South Shields 365". It was designed by architects FaulknerBrowns. The main contractor was Bowmer + Kirkland.
The official opening ceremony was led by Councillor Alan Smith, the Mayor of South Tyneside who cut the ribbon. It opened to the public on 22 October 2016.

## Amenities

The building houses several amenities apart from being a public library:
* FabLab, creative area with 3D printer and laser cutting. This was funded by BT.
* StoryWorld, a room for story-telling.
* Computer games area
* Exhibition space, featuring different topics.
# Stigmella krugeri

Stigmella krugeri is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Vári in 1963. It is found in South Africa.
The larvae feed on Schotia brachypetala.
# Short Heath, Willenhall

Short Heath is a residential area situated north of the market town of Willenhall, in the Walsall district, in the county of the West Midlands, England. Short Heath is a ward in the Walsall North constituency, and is bordered by the neighbouring wards of Bentley and Darlaston North, Birchills Leamore, Willenhall North, and Willenhall South.
The population of the ward is approximately 11,374, according to a mid-2018 ward-level population estimate published by the ONS.
The area contains housing developments, several schools, and a number of businesses and shops.
Short Heath also contains Rough Wood - a small woodland area, and Bentley Haye - an area of wet grassland, both forming part of the larger Rough Wood Chase Local Nature Reserve.

## History

The area's history consists, as is the case in much of the surrounding area, of collieries and mining.
In 1894 Short Heath became an urban district. On 31 December 1894 Short Heath became a civil parish, being formed from the part of the parish of Willenhall in Short Heath Urban District, on 1 April 1934 the district was abolished and merged with Willenhall, on 1 April 1966 the parish was abolished and merged with Walsall, Wolverhampton and Essington. In 1951 the parish had a population of 8043.

## Transport
### Public transport

Short Heath is served by several bus routes operated by both National Express West Midlands and Diamond West Midlands. These routes connect Short Heath to nearby town centres and areas such as Willenhall, Walsall, and Bloxwich.
The nearest train stations to Short Heath are Bloxwich (BLX), Bloxwich North (BWN), and Walsall (WSL). Operated by West Midlands Trains (previously London Midland).

### Road infrastructure

Short Heath is well connected to the main road network, such as the A462 which runs through the middle of the area, from the Willenhall South to Willenhall North.
The M6 motorway runs along the eastern edge of the Short Heath boundary, with Junction 10 being approximately 0.7 miles away.
# Ellehammer helicopter

The Ellehammer helicopter was an otherwise-unnamed experimental aircraft built in Denmark in 1912. Based on experiments with models, Jacob Ellehammer constructed a full-size machine equipped with two contra-rotating discs, each of which was fitted with six vanes around its circumference. The pitch of these vanes could be varied in operation by the pilot, an early example of cyclic control. The same engine that drove the rotors also powered a propeller mounted tractor-wise to the aircraft's frame.
After a number of indoor tests, the aircraft was demonstrated outdoors and made a number of free take-offs. One of these trials was witnessed by Prince Axel of Denmark. Experiments with the helicopter continued until September 1916, when it tipped over during take-off, destroying its rotors.
A famous photo shows it hovering in 1914, though there is no evidence that it was successful in achieving translational flight. Ellehammer later studied a disc-rotor configuration - a compound helicopter with coaxial blades that extended from the hub for hover, and retracted for high speed vertical flight. Although a wind tunnel model was constructed, there's no evidence that anything more was studied.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: One pilot
* Powerplant: 1 × Custom-built radial engine , 27 kW (36 hp)
* Main rotor diameter: 2 × 7.47 m (24 ft 7 in)
* Main rotor area: 12.0 m$^2$ (130 sq ft)
# Huffmanela hamo

Huffmanela hamo is a parasitic nematode. It has been observed in the muscles of the dagger-tooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus, a muraenesocid marine fish off Japan. Its life-cycle is unknown.

## Description

The adults are unknown, only the eggs were described. The parasite was detected by the presence of small black spots, 1–2 mm in diameter, in the flesh (muscles) of fish; these black spots are accumulations of eggs. The eggs are 66–77 μm (mean 72 μm) in length and 33–38 μm (mean 35 μm) in width. The surface of the eggs is smooth and bears neither envelope nor filaments. The nematode was differentiated from other members of the genus Huffmanela by the dimensions of its eggs and the characteristics of their surface. It is the single Huffmanela species which is parasitic in a fish of the family Muraenesocidae.
Since Huffmanela hamo is a parasite of the flesh and the fish is consumed by humans, it is useful to remind that species of the genus Huffmanela do not infest humans, and thus the consumption of infected fish is harmless.
# Gaius Julius Mento

Gaius Julius Mento, a member of the patrician gens Julia, held the consulship in 431 BC.

## Family

As Mento's filiation has not been preserved, it is not clear how he was related to other members of the Julia gens. He could perhaps have been a son of Vopiscus Julius Iulus, consul in 473 BC. He had a brother named Gaius, and his known sons included Lucius Julius Iulus, who was consular tribune in 438 BC and consul in 430 BC, and Spurius, whose sons held three tribuneships between 408 BC and 403 BC. Sextus Julius Iulus who was consular tribune in 424 BC might also have been his son. Perhaps less likely, Mento could have been the son of Gaius Julius Iulus, the consul of 447 BC and 435 BC. It is equally possible that Mento was not descended from the Julii Iuli at all, but rather from a more obscure line of the Julii, who by tradition had lived in Rome for a century and a half before the first of them held a Roman magistracy.

## Career

Consul in 431 BC with Titus Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus, Mento quickly found himself in constant disagreement with his colleague. During their year of office, the Aequi and the Volsci fortified a position on Mount Algidus, with some chroniclers reporting that the consuls attempted to dislodge them, but were defeated. Owing to this situation, as well as the unease caused by an ongoing epidemic in Rome, the senate directed the consuls to appoint a dictator.
On one thing Mento and Cincinnatus could agree on was they did not want to appoint a dictator. However, the clamour to do so was widespread, leading to the tribunes of the plebs threatening to imprison the consuls if they refused to do so. Even as they complained bitterly about the oppression of the masses compelling the action of the consuls by threat of jail, the consuls preferred to yield to popular demands than to the senate. But they could not agree on a dictator, and so drew lots for the nomination, which fell to Cincinnatus. He named his father-in-law, Aulus Postumius Tubertus, to be dictator. Postumius then chose Lucius Julius Iulus to be his magister equitum.
After raising his army, Postumius, together with Cincinnatus, marched towards the Aequi and Volsci leaving the two Julii behind in charge of Rome's defences. The magister equitum manned the city walls, while Mento oversaw domestic affairs. The fighting at Mount Algidus was fierce; the dictator was wounded in the shoulder, and the consul Cincinnatus lost an arm; but the Romans won a decisive victory.
While the army was away, Mento dedicated the Temple of Apollo Medicus, which had been vowed two years earlier in response to the plague that was ravaging the city, and which had continued into Mento's consulship. Ordinarily, the two consuls would have drawn lots for the honour of dedicating the temple, but in the absence of Cincinnatus, the duty fell to Mento. Nonetheless, upon the army's return, Cincinnatus lodged a complaint against Mento in the senate; but the senate took no action.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Livy calls him Gnaeus Julius Mento, but Diodorus gives Gaius; the praenomen Gnaeus is not known to have been used by the Julii.
# Terrestrornithes

Terrestrornithes ("land birds") is a group of birds with controversial content. The clade was proposed in 2007 to unite the Charadriiformes (shore birds) and their possible close relatives, the Dendrornithes (most predatory and perching birds). It may also include a group known as the Mirandornithes, the flamingos and grebes, though the placement of this group is highly uncertain and they may be members of the Metaves instead.
A rough consensus of current research is reproduced below, based on Naish (2012).
# İzmit Belediyespor

İzmit Belediyespor is a Turkish women's basketball club based in İzmit, Turkey. The club was founded in 1995 and currently competing in the Women's Basketball Super League.

## History

The club was invited to the Super League in 2018 after the Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi withdrew from the league. After playing in the 2020 Turkish Cup final, the club competed in the Euroleague in the 2020–21 season.

## Honours
### Domestic competitions

* Federation Cup
** Champion: 2017–2018
# Tin Shui Wai Park

Tin Shui Wai Park (Chinese: 天水圍公園) is the central park of Tin Shui Wai New Town, New Territories, Hong Kong.
It is located alongside the Tin Shui Wai Sports Ground.

## History

As with the rest of Tin Shui Wai, the park was built on land reclaimed from low-lying fish ponds.
# Third Beach

Third Beach is located at Ferguson Point in Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia.
# 1706 in Wales

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1706 to Wales and its people.

## Incumbents

* Lord Lieutenant of North Wales (Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire) – Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley
* Lord Lieutenant of South Wales (Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan, Brecknockshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Monmouthshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire) – Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke
* Bishop of Bangor – John Evans
* Bishop of Llandaff – William Beaw (until 10 February); John Tyler (from 30 June)
* Bishop of St Asaph – William Beveridge
* Bishop of St Davids – George Bull

## Events

* 18 January - Erasmus Saunders is made Rector of Helmdon, Northamptonshire.
* 17 November - Thomas Mansel, future Baron Mansel, becomes 5th Baronet Mansel of Margam on the death of his father Edward Mansel.
* date unknown
** Crickhowell Bridge rebuilt in stone.
** At Esgair Hir mines, Cardiganshire, "The Governour and Company of the Mine-Adventurers of England [the company owned by Humphrey Mackworth] allow £20 per annum for a Charity-School for the Children of the miners and workmen belonging to the said Company. The said Company also give £30 yearly to a Minister to read prayers, preach, and catechise the children."
** Ellis Pugh, Quaker colonist of Pennsylvania, returns to Wales for a two-year stay.

## Arts and literature
### New books

* William Jones - Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos

## Births

* date unknown
** Frederick Cornewall, MP for Montgomery Boroughs 1771-1774 (died 1788)
** William Hopkins, clergyman and author (died 1786)
** Anna Williams, poet (died 1783)

## Deaths

* 10 February - William Beaw, Bishop of Llandaff, 90
* 7 October - Richard Lewis of Van
* 7 November - Daniel Price, Dean of St Asaph (date of birth unknown)
* 17 November - Sir Edward Mansel, 4th Baronet, 69/70
# Shona Ballinger

Shona Ballinger (born 14 June 1970) is a former rugby union player. She made her debut for the Black Ferns at RugbyFest 1990 against a World XV's team on 1 September at Christchurch. She was named in the 1991 Women's Rugby World Cup squad, but did not get to play in the World Cup officially.
# Huffmanela branchialis

Huffmanela branchialis is a parasitic nematode It has been observed on the gills of the fork-tailed threadfin bream Nemipterus furcosus, a nemipterid marine fish off New Caledonia. Its eggs are released from the gill mucosa with the turnover of living tissues and immediately continue their life-cycle.

## Description

The adults are unknown, only the eggs were described. The eggs are 45–52 micrometers in length and 23–30 micrometers in width, with thin shells. Each egg is enclosed in a thin membrane forming a spindle-shaped envelope 53–85 micrometers in length.
# Galvinoxyl

Galvinoxyl is a commercially available radical scavenger. It finds use both as a probe for studying radical reactions and as an inhibitor of radical polymerization. It may be synthesized by oxidation of the parent phenol with lead dioxide or potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). Its radical structure is confirmed by the loss of the O–H stretch in the IR spectrum and by electron spin resonance; it is stable even in the presence of oxygen.
# Law FC

Law, or The Law Club as it was also known, was a 19th-century football club that fielded teams playing by rugby football codes. It is notable for being one of the twenty-one founding members of the Rugby Football Union and for producing in a very short life span, a number of international players.

## History

Law was established in 1870 as a closed club for members of the legal profession. Presumably because of the demands of their profession, the club could only play on Wednesdays. The club was also nomadic, and so despite having a secretary based at Lincoln's Inn Fields, the club effectively played only away matches. The team's colours were Black with a red cross on the breast.
On 26 January 1871, it sent representation to a meeting of twenty-one London and suburban football clubs that followed Rugby School rules (Wasps was invited by failed to attend) which assembled at the Pall Mall Restaurant in Regent Street. E.C. Holmes, captain of the Richmond Club assumed the presidency. It was resolved unanimously that the formation of a Rugby Football Society was desirable and thus the Rugby Football Union was formed. A president, a secretary and treasurer, and a committee of thirteen were elected, to whom was entrusted the drawing-up of the laws of the game upon the basis of the code in use at Rugby School. Law was considered prominent enough to have been invited, and also gain one of the thirteen places on the original committee in the person of R. Leigh.

### Disbandment

The club disbanded in 1874 after just four seasons.

## Notable players

Despite their short longevity, the club produced three international players with nine caps between them:
* Percival Wilkinson (1872 vs Scotland)
* Sydney Morse (1873 vs Scotland; Morse received two more caps whilst playing for Marlborough Nomads)
* Ernest Cheston (1873 vs Scotland; Cheston received four more caps whilst playing for Richmond F.C.)
# 2015 LEN Super Cup

The 2015 LEN Super Cup was a water polo match organized by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two main European club competitions, the 2014-15 LEN Champions League and the 2014-15 LEN Euro Cup.

## Squads

The members of the two squads were as follows.

### CN Posillipo

| No. | Name | Position | L/R |
| 1 | Enrico Caruso | Goalkeeper | R |
| 2 | Nicola Cuccovillo | | R |
| 3 | Jerko Marinić-Kragić | | R |
| 4 | Gianluigi Foglio | | R |
| 5 | Filip Klikovac | | R |
| 6 | Elio Russo | | R |
| 7 | Vincenzo Renzuto Iodice | | R |
| 8 | Valentino Gallo | | R |
| 9 | Andro Bušlje | | R |
| 10 | Nicola Ferrone | | R |
| 11 | Lorenzo Briganti | | R |
| 12 | Paride Saccoia | | R |
| 13 | Tommaso Negri | Goalkeeper | R |
| 14 | Giacomo Saviano | | R |
| 15 | Vincenzo Dolce | | R |
| 16 | Mikailo Sudomliak | | R |
| 17 | Marco Ricci | | R |
| 18 | Domenico Iodice | | R |

### Pro Recco

| No. | Name | Date of birth | Position | L/R | Height | Weight |
| 1 | Aleksandar Ivović | 24 February 1986 | | R | 198 | 107 |
| 2 | Andrea Fondelli | 27 February 1994 | | R | 188 | 85 |
| 3 | Michael Bodegas | 3 May 1987 | | R | | |
| 4 | Francesco Di Fulvio | 15 August 1993 | | R | 188 | 82 |
| 5 | Filip Filipović | 2 May 1987 | | R | 197 | 101 |
| 6 | Giacomo Pastorino | 7 June 1980 | Goalkeeper | R | 191 | 95 |
| 7 | Alex Giorgetti | 24 December 1987 | | R | 186 | 78 |
| 8 | Dušan Mandić | 16 June 1994 | | R | | |
| 9 | Massimo Giacoppo | 10 May 1983 | | R | 183 | 92 |
| 10 | Matteo Aicardi | 19 April 1986 | | R | 192 | 104 |
| 11 | Niccolo' Figari | 24 January 1988 | | R | 198 | 90 |
| 12 | Niccolo' Gitto | 12 October 1986 | | R | 190 | 89 |
| 13 | Pietro Figlioli | 29 May 1984 | | R | 192 | 97 |
| 14 | Dusko Pijetlović | 25 April 1985 | | R | 192 | 105 |
| 15 | Andrija Prlainović | 28 April 1987 | | R | 187 | 95 |
| 16 | Stefano Tempesti | 9 June 1979 | Goalkeeper | R | 203 | 97 |
| 17 | Sandro Sukno | 30 June 1990 | | R | | |
| 18 | Fabio Viola | 9 January 1996 | Goalkeeper | R | 195 | 103 |