OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Black Monday (Malta)

Black Monday in Malta refers to 15 October 1979 when the Progress Press (publisher of The Times) and the home of Eddie Fenech Adami, then Leader of the Opposition, were ransacked following a rally by the Labour Party.

## Background

A political rally was held by Labour supporters in the aftermath of an alleged attempt on Prime Minister Dom Mintoff's life in his offices at the Auberge de Castille, Valletta.

## Events

That evening a large crowd gathered outside the Prime Minister's office and from there marched toward the Progress Press offices on St. Paul Street, Valletta. The building was ransacked and set on fire. Many historical archives were burnt during the fire. Although the printing press was destroyed, The Times was still published as usual the following day (though in a reduced format) from the printing press of the Nationalist Party. The newspaper holds the record of never having missed an issue from its founding day.
Also on this day, some Malta Labour Party supporters invaded the private residence of Dr. Edward Fenech Adami, leader of the Nationalist Party, ransacking his home and assaulting his wife, Mary, his five children and his elderly mother.

## International response

The European Parliament and several European governments expressed deep concern regarding these incidents. Three days after Black Monday, Mintoff expressed his personal regret in writing to Mabel Strickland, proprietor of Progress Press. He explicitly condemned the violence in an interview published by the Italian newsmagazine Panorama on 11 November.

## Aftermath

The perpetrators were not brought to justice.
# Infinitely near point

In algebraic geometry, an infinitely near point of an algebraic surface S is a point on a surface obtained from S by repeatedly blowing up points. Infinitely near points of algebraic surfaces were introduced by Max Noether (1876).
There are some other meanings of "infinitely near point". Infinitely near points can also be defined for higher-dimensional varieties: there are several inequivalent ways to do this, depending on what one is allowed to blow up. Weil gave a definition of infinitely near points of smooth varieties, though these are not the same as infinitely near points in algebraic geometry. In the line of hyperreal numbers, an extension of the real number line, two points are called infinitely near if their difference is infinitesimal.

## Definition

When blowing up is applied to a point P on a surface S, the new surface S* contains a whole curve C where P used to be. The points of C have the geometric interpretation as the tangent directions at P to S. They can be called infinitely near to P as way of visualizing them on S, rather than S*. More generally this construction can be iterated by blowing up a point on the new curve C, and so on.
An infinitely near point (of order n) P$_n$ on a surface S$_0$ is given by a sequence of points P$_0$, P$_1$,...,P$_n$ on surfaces S$_0$, S$_1$,...,S$_n$ such that S$_i$ is given by blowing up S$_{i–1}$ at the point P$_{i–1}$ and P$_i$ is a point of the surface S$_i$ with image P$_{i–1}$.
In particular the points of the surface S are the infinitely near points on S of order 0.
Infinitely near points correspond to 1-dimensional valuations of the function field of S with 0-dimensional center, and in particular correspond to some of the points of the Zariski–Riemann surface. (The 1-dimensional valuations with 1-dimensional center correspond to irreducible curves of S.) It is also possible to iterate the construction infinitely often, producing an infinite sequence P$_0$, P$_1$,... of infinitely near points. These infinite sequences correspond to the 0-dimensional valuations of the function field of the surface, which correspond to the "0-dimensional" points of the Zariski–Riemann surface.

## Applications

If C and D are distinct irreducible curves on a smooth surface S intersecting at a point p, then the multiplicity of their intersection at p is given by
    $\sum _{x{\text{ infinitely near }}p}m_{x}(C)m_{x}(D)$
where m$_x$(C) is the multiplicity of C at x. In general this is larger than m$_p$(C)m$_p$(D) if C and D have a common tangent line at x so that they also intersect at infinitely near points of order greater than 0, for example if C is the line y = 0 and D is the parabola y = x$^2$ and p = (0,0).
The genus of C is given by
    $g(C)=g(N)+\sum _{{\text{infinitely near points }}x}m_{x}(m_{x}-1)/2$
where N is the normalization of C and m$_x$ is the multiplicity of the infinitely near point x on C.
# Black Women Time Now

Black Women Time Now was a 1983 art exhibition at the Battersea Arts Centre in London, featuring the work of fifteen artists announcing themselves as Black Women.
The exhibition, curated by Lubaina Himid, was funded by the GLC. The participating artists were Ingrid Pollard, Veronica Ryan, Claudette Johnson, Sonia Boyce, Lubaina Himid, Chila Burman, Mumtaz Karimjee, Houria Niati, Jean Campbell, Andrea Telman, Margaret Cooper, Elizabeth Eugene, Leslee Wills, Cherry Lawrence and Brenda Agard. A programme of theatre, film, music, poetry and dance accompanied the visual art exhibition.
Black Women can be seen as an "active community of artists". Himid had earlier curated the work of several of the same artists at 5 Black Women, a smaller exhibition at the Africa Centre.
# Inner Wheel

Inner Wheel is an international women's organisation to create friendship, service and understanding. It has clubs in over 100 countries with over 100,000 members. It was founded in Manchester.

## History

The organisation was officially founded on 10 January 1924 by Margarette Golding, a nurse, business woman and the wife of a Manchester Rotarian, who met with 26 other wives of Rotarians in November 1923. The first official Inner Wheel meeting was held on 10 January 1924 – this date is now known as "International Inner Wheel Day". This organisation was originally established for the wives and daughters of Rotarians although no Rotary connection is now required. Gradually other groups formed themselves into Inner Wheel Clubs and in 1934 the Association of Inner Wheel Clubs in Great Britain and Ireland was formed.
The number of clubs around the world grew and in 1967 the International Inner Wheel came into being. There are clubs in many countries around the world. Inner Wheel clubs are grouped into districts with twenty-nine districts within Great Britain and Ireland. Most clubs meet monthly, often with a speaker at the meeting but members meet socially on a regular basis. Clubs raise and donate money to a huge variety of charities.
Helena Foster, who was the President in 1969–70, proposed that "Inner Wheel Day" should be celebrated on 10 January each year on the day that the original Manchester group adopted the name of "Inner Wheel" in 1924.
Following the decision taken at an International Convention in 2012, membership was opened up to all women over the age of 18.
The International Inner Wheel objectives are (a) promoting true friendship, (b) encouraging the ideals of personal service, and (c) fostering international understanding.
In 2008, Inner Wheel had over 100,000 members in 102 countries and was one of the largest women's organisations with consultative status at the United Nations.
# Ingo Klemen

Ingo Klemen (born 29 July 1986) is an Austrian professional footballer who currently plays as an attacker for SV Mattersburg in the Austrian Football First League.
# Inopsis catoxantha

Inopsis catoxantha is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Felder in 1874. It is found in Mexico.
# Black Mountain (Georgia)

Black Mountain is located in Georgia USA on the boundary between Dawson and Gilmer counties. The summit is the highest point in Dawson County. It is in the Chattahoochee National Forest and is part of the Blue Ridge Wildlife Management Area.

## Geography

Black Mountain is located on the county line between Dawson and Gilmer counties. Its elevation is about 3,600 feet. The mountain is located about 4 miles north of Amicalola Falls State Park, 14 miles northwest of Dahlonega and 17 miles east/southeast of Ellijay. Springer Mountain, the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail, is located about 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of Black Mountain. Other nearby geographical features include Nimblewill Gap, Frosty Mountain and Tickanetley Creek.

## Hiking

Black Mountain can be reached via the Appalachian Approach Trail. It is a 5.5-mile (8.9 km) hike north from Amicalola Falls State Park, a 0.6-mile (0.97 km) hike north from Nimblewill Gap, and a 2.3-mile (3.7 km) hike south from Springer Mountain on the trail.
# Bledlow

Bledlow is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bledlow-cum-Saunderton, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 2 miles (3.2 km) west-southwest of Princes Risborough, and is on the county boundary with Oxfordshire. In 1931 the parish had a population of 925. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished to form "Bledlow cum Saunderton".
The toponym "Bledlow" is derived from Old English and means "Bledda's burial mound". A 10th century document records it as Bleddanhloew; the Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Bledelai. A more common derivation is from "Bled-Hlaw" meaning Bloody Hill which commemorates an undated battle between Saxons and Danes.

## Geography

The village is on the ancient Icknield Way and is where several springs form a small pool called the Lyde. The water from the springs is said to wear away the chalk on which the village stands, giving rise to the simple local medieval nursery rhyme:
       They who live and do abide
       Shall see Bledlow Church fall into the Lyde
The brook running from the pool into the nearby valley (called the Lyde Brook) provided water power for two watermills for many years. Bledlow's watermill is a tourist attraction.
Above the village, carved into the chalk of Wain Hill is a large cross, similar to that found at Whiteleaf. There is also a round barrow on the hill. It is thought that this is the barrow or burial mound referred to in the village name.
Within the parish of Bledlow-cum-Saunderton are several hamlets. The main one is Bledlow Ridge. The others are Forty Green (not to be confused with Forty Green near Beaconsfield), Pitch Green, Rout's Green, Skittle Green and Holly Green.

## Parish church

The Church of England parish church of the Holy Trinity overlooks the Vale of Aylesbury. It has two aisles and the nave arcades include capitals made in about 1200. Other features of interest are the font, some fragments of wall paintings, and the 13th- or 14th-century south doorway and porch. It is a Grade I listed building.

## Notable people

Actress Samantha Eggar lived in Bledlow as a child, and was a neighbour of Oliver Reed while there.

## Transport

Bledlow railway station was an intermediate station on the Wycombe Railway that served the village from 1862 to 1963. It was the first of two stations to serve the village, the second being Bledlow Bridge Halt on the Watlington and Princes Risborough Railway. It was 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) to the south and closer to the village. It was opened in 1906 and closed in 1957. The potential for reopening the Wycombe Railway through Bledlow, which is now part of a long-distance footpath, was evaluated and dismissed by Chiltern Railways, the franchise holder for the Chiltern Main Line that runs through Princes Risborough.
# Bledius filipes

Bledius filipes is a species of beetle belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
It is native to Europe.
# Bledius mandibularis

Bledius mandibularis is a species of spiny-legged rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea and North America.
# Black Firs and Cranberry Bog

Black Firs and Cranberry Bog is a nature reserve of the Staffordshire Wildlife Trust, adjacent to Balterley Heath and about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the village of Betley, in Staffordshire, England.
It is an important peatland site; it is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and a Ramsar site.

## Description

The area of the reserve is 6 hectares (15 acres). There is an unmarked footpath in Black Firs. There is no access to Cranberry Bog.

### Black Firs

About 7,000 years ago, the site of Black Firs was a lake about 2 metres deep, left by retreating glaciers of the last ice age. This gradually became vegetated.
By 1800, drainage ditches had been created, in a pattern of concentric rings, and trees had been planted. The area now has mature trees from that period, and naturally occurring trees including alder, oak and birch. In wetter parts there are plants such as yellow iris and royal fern.

### Cranberry Bog

A kettle hole was formed by dead ice left by retreating glaciers of the last ice age, which became a lake when the ice finally melted. A layer of sphagnum moss formed over the lake; this layer still exists. It supports cranberry, and there is also bog asphodel and white beak sedge. Black Mere is the remaining part of the original kettle hole lake.

### Maintenance

Black Firs, which has been drained in the past, continues to dry out, and the hydrological link with Cranberry Bog is not well understood, so that the consequence of any raising of water levels is unclear. The reserve is monitored and plans developed so that the reserve will be protected in the long term.
# Insect Farming and Trading Agency

The Insect Farming and Trading Agency (IFTA) was set up by the government of Papua New Guinea in 1978 to regulate the exploitation and conservation of Queen Alexandra's Birdwing and other valuable butterflies. Papua New Guinea has a significant butterfly fauna, including the world's largest butterflies, the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing (Ornithoptera alexandrae) and the Goliath Birdwing (Ornithoptera goliath). A Prior to the establishment of the government legislation, the butterfly trade depended upon expatriate dealers who traded in wild-caught specimens. A Food and Agriculture Organization project in the early seventies aided the Government in adopting this ecofriendly utilisation scheme.
The IFTA promotes the ecologically sound and sustainable practice of butterfly ranching where free ranging butterflies lay their eggs on foodplants specifically grown for this purpose. Eggs, larvae and pupae are protected and allowed to grow safely to adult stage. A portion of the newly hatched adults are harvested for the insect trade while the rest are released to complement the free-ranging population.
# Black Wednesday (disambiguation)

Black Wednesday was a British financial crisis on 16 September 1992.
Black Wednesday may also refer to:
* Other one-time events:
** Black Wednesday 1878, a political crisis in Victoria, Australia
** Black Wednesday (air travel), a 1954 crisis in air-traffic control
** Black Wednesday (comic), a 1959 Disney comic by Carl Barks
** Black Wednesday, a day of despair in the 1967 Chicago White Sox season
** 1974 Super Outbreak, April 3, 1974, the most violent tornado outbreak on Record with 30 out of 148 Tornadoes being of F4-F5 intensity, with 7 F5 Tornadoes.
** Black Wednesday, a day in 1981 when Michael Scott fired forty employees at Apple Computer
** Black Wednesday, Wednesday 26th March 1986, the day when Swindon Works closed after 143 years of operation.
** Black Wednesday, a day of mass sexual assault in Egypt in 2005
** The most prolific day with Tornadoes in Recorded History, 2011 Super Outbreak, which saw 216 tornadoes with 15 Violent Tornadoes and 4 EF5 Tornadoes.
** The first Wednesday of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships
* Black Wednesday in United Kingdom health care, first Wednesday in August, parallel to U.S. "July effect"
# Bless (disambiguation)

A blessing is a religious pronouncement.
Bless may also refer to:
* 81355, an American hip-hop group pronounced "Bless"
* Bless (game), a massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by Neowiz Games
* "Bless" (song), a 2010 single by L'Arc-en-Ciel
* Bless (band), a Swedish band also known as Bubbles
** Bless (album), a 2003 album by Bubbles
* Bless (manga), a Japanese manga series by Yukino Sonoyama
* Bless Online, Korean MMORPG
* BLESS, a method in molecular biology for screening of DNA double-stranded breaks in the genome
# Black Trade Union of Transnet Workers

The Black Trade Union of Transnet Workers (BLATU) was a Company union set up by the South African Railways and Harbours Administration in 1981. In 1982 it claimed a membership of 60,000, out of 95,000 black employees. Union dues were collected by the company, whose supervisors selected the officials. It was intended to supplant the South African Railways and Harbours Union (SARHWU).
It had a membership of 31,750 in 1990.
BLATU merged with SARHWU and the Transnet Allied Trade Union (TATU) to form the South African Transport and Allied Workers' Union (SATAWU).
# Blackear wrasse

The blackear wrasse (Halichoeres poeyi) is a species of wrasse, a type of fish in the family Labridae, from the warmer waters of the western Atlantic Ocean.

## Description

The blackear wrasse has a relatively long, thin body, a large eye, and a pointed snout with a terminal mouth which has protruding canine-like teeth. The pectoral fins extend to the vent. It has wide pink bands and a narrow blue stripe on the head and tail and there is a dark spot behind the eye which gives it the common name blackear wrasse. The background color of the head and body is olive with pinkish-red lined scales. The margin of the dorsal fin is blue and orange and the caudal fin is dull yellow with diagonally converging blue and rose lines. The males and females are similarly patterned but males are larger than females. There is another black spot on the spine near the origin of the dorsal fin. The dorsal fin has 9 spines and 11 soft rays; the anal fin has 3 spines and 12 soft rays. The maximum size of H. poeyi is around 20 cm (7.9 in) in length.

## Distribution

The blackear wrasse is found in the western Atlantic Ocean, from southern Florida and the Bahamas to Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.

## Biology

Halichoeres poeyi occurs in coral and rocky reefs and also in seagrass, especially turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) beds at around 30 m (100 ft) in depth. It is frequently encountered in areas rich in algae as well. This species is strictly diurnal in nature and is lethargic during the hours of darkness. It feeds mainly on invertebrates such as decapods, gastropods, sea stars and sea urchins. It is assumed that sea urchins are scavenged after they are predated by larger predatory fish.
This wrasse is a sequential protogynous hermaphrodite: every individual begins life as a females but some fish change sex from female to male as they grow. The average body length at which this takes place is 8.3 cm. The males gather in leks and display showily in an effort to attract females and is this unusual among the wrasses as in most other species the males form harems. Larval H. poeyi are long and thin and have a small mouth and small pelvic fins. H. poeyi is the only species of Halichoeres where the larvae develop internal, specialised, chromatophores.

## Uses

This fish is generally of little interest to fisheries due to its small size but it is traded in the aquarium trade.
In Brazil a quota has been imposed since 2004 on companies who catch this species for that trade. The quota is 1,000 fish per year per company.

## Taxonomy

The blackear wrasse was first formally described in 1867 by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner. The specific name honours the Cuban ichthyologist Felipe Poey (1799–1891), who described a similar species, Halichoeres pictus, in 1860.
# Jānis Kalējs

Jānis Kalējs (born 1965 in Riga) is a Latvian film director. Kalējs was one of four contributing directors awarded the Lielais Kristaps Best Film award in 2007 for the film Vogelfrei.
# Sorbose

Sorbose is a ketose belonging to the group of sugars known as monosaccharides. It has a sweetness that is equivalent to sucrose (table sugar). The commercial production of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) often begins with sorbose. L-Sorbose is the configuration of the naturally occurring sugar. It can be prepared from inexpensive O-benzylglucose.

## Synthesis

Under conditions employed for a Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, the tetra-O-benzyl aldose converts to tetra-O-benzylsorbose. Hydrogenolysis removes the four benzyl groups, leaving sorbose.
# Corryocactus

Corryocactus is a genus of cacti. The genus was formerly placed in the tribe Notocacteae. It has also been placed in the tribe Echinocereeae. A 2011 molecular phylogenetic study excluded the genus from the "core" Echinocereeae, commenting that it lay "outside of a well-supported larger clade in our analysis".

## Species

| Scientific name | Distribution |
| Corryocactus apiciflorus (Vaupel) Hutchison | Peru |
| Corryocactus aureus (Meyen) Hutchison | Peru |
| Corryocactus ayacuchoensis Rauh & Backeb. | Peru |
| Corryocactus brachypetalus (Vaupel) Britton & Rose | Bolivia |
| Corryocactus brevistylus (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose | Chile, Peru |
| Corryocactus chachapoyensis (Ochoa & Backeb.) Ochoa & Backeb. ex D.R.Hunt | Peru |
| Corryocactus dillonii A.Pauca & Quip. | Peru |
| Corryocactus erectus (Backeb.) F.Ritter | Peru |
| Corryocactus melanotrichus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose | Bolivia |
| Corryocactus pulquinensis Cárdenas | Peru |
| Corryocactus serpens F.Ritter | Peru |
| Corryocactus squarrosus (Vaupel) Hutchison | Peru |
| Corryocactus tarijensis Cárdenas | Bolivia |

## Synonymy

The following genera have been brought into synonymy with this genus:
* Corryocereus Fric & Kreuz. (orth. var.)
* Erdisia Britton & Rose
* Eulychnocactus Backeb. (nom. inval.)
# 1964 Faversham by-election

The 1964 Faversham by-election was held on 4 June 1964 after the death of the incumbent Labour MP Percy Wells. The usually marginal seat was retained by the Labour Candidate Terence Boston.
Faversham by-election, 1964 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Terence Boston | 24,749 | 55.1 | +4.8 |
| | Conservative | Elsie M. S. Olsen | 19,808 | 44.1 | −3.6 |
| | Independent | Russell Eckley | 352 | 0.8 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,941 | 11.0 | +10.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 44,909 | 74.8 | −9.0 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +10.5 | |
# Gina Mascetti

Gina Mascetti (1911-1995) was an Italian film actress. A character actress, she appeared in a number of comedy films notably as Alberto Sordi's wife in The White Sheik (1952). The same year she also featured in the neorealist drama Two Cents Worth of Hope.

## Selected filmography

* Variety Lights (1950)
* Red Moon (1951)
* Cameriera bella presenza offresi... (1951)
* The White Sheik (1952)
* Two Cents Worth of Hope (1952)
* One Hundred Little Mothers (1952)
* Drama on the Tiber (1952)
* Five Paupers in an Automobile (1952)
* A Parisian in Rome (1954)
* It Happened at the Police Station (1954)
* The Song of the Heart (1955)
* Da qui all'eredità (1955)
* Oh! Sabella (1957)
* Three Strangers in Rome (1958)
* Cavalier in Devil's Castle (1959)
* The Thief of Baghdad (1961)
* The Witch's Curse (1962)
* What Ever Happened to Baby Toto? (1964)
* Pensiero d'amore (1969)
* Trastevere (1971)
* Live Like a Cop, Die Like a Man (1976)
# Agabus clypealis

Agabus clypealis is a species of beetle in family Dytiscidae. It can be found in Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Sweden.