OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Wright

Thomas Wright may refer to:

## Entertainment

* Thomas Wright (writer) (fl. 1604), English writer
* Thomas Wright (engraver) (1792–1849), British engraver and portrait painter
* Thomas Wright (antiquarian) (1810–1877), British antiquarian and writer
* Thomas Wright (social commentator) (1839–1909), English social commentator
* Thomas J. Wright, film and television director, active since 1986
* Thomas Lee Wright, American writer and filmmaker
* Thomas M. Wright (born 1983), Australian actor/director

## Politics

* Thomas Wright (lord mayor) (died 1798), Lord Mayor of London in 1785
* Thomas C. Wright (born 1948), American politician
* Thomas E. Wright (born 1955), North Carolina House of Representatives
* Thomas Wright (Utah politician), American politician

## Science

* Thomas Wright (astronomer) (1711–1786), English astronomer and mathematician
* Thomas Wright (geologist) (1809–1884), Scottish surgeon and paleontologist
* Thomas Wright (mathematical instrument maker) (1693-1767), English mathematical instrument maker
* Thomas H. Wright (1873–1928), American teacher and electrician
* Thomas J. Wright (American scholar), american international relations scholar

## Sports

* Thomas Wright (cricketer, born 1842) (1842–?), English cricketer
* Thomas Wright (cricketer, born 1900) (1900–1962), English cricketer
* Thomas Wright (rugby) (1924–1990), Scottish rugby union and rugby league player

## Other

* Thomas Wright (controversialist) (died 1624), English Roman Catholic priest and controversialist
* Thomas Wright (philanthropist) (1789–1875), British prison philanthropist
* Thomas Charles Wright (1799–?), Irish-born admiral, founding-father of Ecuadorian Navy
* Thomas Edward Wright, soldier and penal administrator, commandant at Norfolk Island 1827–28
* Thomas F. Wright (1830–1873), American Union Brevet brigadier general during Civil War
* Thomas Yates Wright (1869–1964), British planter, cricketer, and legislator in Ceylon
* Thomas A. Wright Sr. (1920–2014), American civil rights leader
* Thomas Guthrie Wright (1777–1849), Scottish lawyer and antiquarian
* Thomas Wright (surveyor general) (1740–1812), surveyor general for Prince Edward Island
# Ipomovirus

Ipomovirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Potyviridae. Member viruses infect plants and are transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). The name of the genus is derived from Ipomoea – the generic name of sweet potato. There are seven species in this genus.

## Structure

Viruses in genus Ipomovirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12–15 nm, and may have a variety of lengths depending on the species (for single segmented species lengths of around 650–900 nm, or for double segmented species 200–300 nm and 500–600 nm). The capsid has helical symmetry with a pitch of 3.4 nm. They induce characteristic inclusion bodies (pinwheels) within infected plant cells.

## Genome

The genome is either monpartite or bipartite depending on the species. Member viruses have linear, single stranded RNA genome of positive polarity about 10-11 kilobases in length. The 3’ terminus has a poly (A) tract and the 5’ terminus has a genome linked protein (VPg).
Member viruses encode a single polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 390 kilodaltons (kDa) which is cleaved into ~10 proteins. In 5'–3' order these proteins are
* P1 (a serine protease): 83 kDa
* HC (a protease): 51 kDa
* P3: 34 kDa
* 6K1: 5 kDa
* Cl (helicase): 71 kDa
* 6K2: 6 kDa
* VPg (the 5' binding protein): 20 kDa
* NIa-Pro (a protease): 27 kDa
* NIb (RNA dependent RNA polymerase): 57 kDa
* Capsid protein: 34 kDa
There may be some variation in the number of the proteins depending on the species, for instance some ipomoviruses lack HC and have a P1 tandem. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (known as ITPase or HAM1) is an atypical protein domain identified in some ipomoviruses.

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (white fly). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.

## Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:
* Cassava brown streak virus
* Coccinia mottle virus
* Cucumber vein yellowing virus
* Squash vein yellowing virus
* Sweet potato mild mottle virus
* Tomato mild mottle virus
* Ugandan cassava brown streak virus
Ugandan cassava brown streak virus was the first ipomovirus to be cloned and rescued using a plasmid cDNA vector system.
# Ipomopsis polycladon

Ipomopsis polycladon is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name manybranched ipomopsis. It is native to much of the western United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in sandy soils such as those of the deserts. This is an annual herb producing a number of horizontal red stems extending outward from the short central stem. Leaves appear at the ends and axils of branches. Each leaf is multilobed, and mostly green but often red-tipped, and less than 2 centimeters long. Stems and leaves are covered with woolly glandular hairs. The long stem branches bear inflorescences of leaflike bracts which are green with sharp-pointed red tips, and tiny white flowers a few millimeters across.
# Ipomopsis polyantha

Ipomopsis polyantha is a rare species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names Pagosa ipomopsis, Pagosa skyrocket and Archuleta County standing-cypress. It is endemic to Colorado in the United States, where it occurs only in the vicinity of Pagosa Springs in Archuleta County. It is threatened by the loss of its habitat to residential and commercial development. It was federally listed as an endangered species in 2011.
This plant is a biennial herb that grows 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) tall. The stem is coated in glandular hairs. The leaves are deeply divided into narrow linear lobes. Flowers occur in the leaf axils and at the top of the stem. Each flower is a centimeter long. It is white in color with tiny purple dots, sometimes so many that they give the flower a purplish tint. The stamens protrude from the flower's throat and are tipped with blue pollen that turns yellow as the flower matures. The flowers are pollinated by bees, especially the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and species of metallic green bees (Augochlorella spp.), bumblebees (Bombus spp.), and digger bees (Anthophora spp.).
The plant is limited to a specific soil type derived from the Mancos Shale. It grows as a pioneer species on sparsely vegetated shale substrates and as a climax species in Ponderosa pine and oak forests. Today its habitat is disturbed by grazing livestock.
There are only two known occurrences of this plant, separated by about 21 kilometres (13 miles). One is on the southeastern edge of Pagosa Springs straddling U.S. Route 84 near the junction with U.S. Route 160. The other occurrence is along Route 160, about 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Pagosa Springs. There are an estimated 162,220 individual plants.
This species is threatened with direct mortality and loss of habitat as the human population of Archuleta County swells. The occurrence nearest to Pagosa Springs is on land zoned for commercial expansion. All the private land which hosts the plant is slated for development, mainly of housing. More land nearby will be affected by associated development activities, such as the construction of roads and utilities such as power lines. About 9% of the plant's habitat is on highway right-of-ways which are affected by herbicide application and the introduction of groundcover, such as exotic grasses. About 86% of the plant's habitat will likely be affected by development within 10 years.
# Bocigas

Bocigas is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 129 inhabitants.
# Bodenham

Bodenham is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, and on a bend in the River Lugg, about seven miles south of Leominster. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 1,024, reducing to 998 at the 2011 census.
The village is mentioned twice in the Domesday Book, where is described as having a mill and 34 households. Lords of the two manors were Osbern, the son of Richard, and Edwy in 1066, and Osbern, the son of Richard, and Herbert (of Furches) in 1086.
Anne Devereux, the Countess of Pembroke, was born at Bodenham.
Bodenham church is St Michael and All Angels. It has a pub, The Englands Gate, and a school, St Michael's CofE Primary School.
# Ion Șerb

Ion Șerb, also Ioan Șerb (January 11, 1926 – January 5, 2004) was a general of the Socialist Republic of Romania accused of espionage for the Soviet Union.
Șerb was born in Malu cu Flori, Dâmbovița County. After the August 1944 coup d'état, he volunteered for service in the Tudor Vladimirescu Division; promoted to sergeant, he was awarded after the war the Medal of Faithful Service with swords, 3rd class. He then became a non-commissioned officer in the Muscel Gendarmerie Legion (1947–1948). From 1948 to 1949, he attended the M.A.I. Officers' School no. 1 in Bucharest, in the border guard specialty. On August 23, 1949, he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant and assigned to the Border Guard Training Center in Rădăuți, in the position of political deputy of a company commander. Between November 1950 and July 1952, captain Șerb was sent by the Communist authorities to study at the K. Е. Voroshilov Higher Military Academy in Moscow. On July 30, 1955, colonel Șerb was promoted to major general, at the age of 29. In 1969, he advanced in rank to lieutenant general and was appointed commander of the Second Army (Muntenia) and of the Bucharest garrison.
A declassified CIA document states the following. Romanian counter-intelligence monitored several high-rank officers suspecting them in sympathies for the Soviet Union. In 1971 unauthorized documents were found during the search of the house of Ion Șerb, and in subsequent interrogations he confessed he was recruited by the Soviet military attaché to Romania, Aleksandr Fyodorovich Musatov, a known GRU officer. In order to avoid confrontation with the Soviet Union, Șerb was not prosecuted, but demoted to the rank of private.
After the Romanian Revolution of December 1989, he joined the Socialist Party of Labour, founded by the former communist prime minister Ilie Verdeț and, in June 1996, he was elected mayor of Malu cu Flori. He died in his native commune in 2004.
# International Medical Education Directory

The International Medical Education Directory (IMED) was a public database of worldwide medical schools. The IMED was published as a joint collaboration of the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) and the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER).
The information available in IMED was derived from data collected by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) throughout its history of evaluating the medical education credentials of international medical graduates. Using these data as a starting point, Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER) began developing IMED in 2001 and made it publicly available in April 2002.
In April 2014, IMED was merged with the Avicenna Directory to create the World Directory of Medical Schools. The World Directory is now the definitive list of medical schools in the world, as IMED and Avicenna were discontinued in 2015.
# Iqbal Ahmed (musician)

Iqbal Ahmed is a retired Bangladeshi musician. In 2022, he was awarded Ekushey Padak by the government of Bangladesh for his contribution to music.

## Background

Ahmed's father, M Ishaque, was the director of the Jute Research Institute.
# Iride Bicycles

Iride Bicycles is a brand of bicycles manufactured at the Gemmati Velocipedi factory, near the city of Venice, in the town of Teglio Veneto in northern Italy. It was established in 1919. The trademark was originated by Umberto Gemmati and continues to be produced by his grandson, Carlo Gemmati. The word iride is Italian for iris and is pronounced like the root of the word iridescent.

## History

Iride had a race winning heyday during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Victories on road courses and velodromes were made by notable racers including Nino Florean. The office of the factory displays many trophies. The nearby Mecchia velodrome, in Portogruaro, is featured in historical photos of the racers.
The company is best known for producing hand-brazed lugged steel frame bikes using primarily Columbus tubing, also Oria tubing; and mainly utilizing Miche components because of the high performance and the fact that they are close by in San Vendemiano. The Iride workshop pays special attention to finish, using a large powder coating oven. Gemmati Velocipedi also uses imported aluminum frames and Italian components to make a range of more ordinary bicycles including (what Americans would call a hybrid) their popular City Bike.

## Bicycles

The prestigious Robb Report called Iride "The Maserati of Bicycles" for the similar history of the two brands: early race success, uncomplicated classic Italian design, up to current manufacture of premium road vehicles.
Iride is also grouped with "top bike makers" in Barron's, and called "nimble" in Details. Iride bicycles have been available in North America since 2010.
# Irby, Virginia

Irby is an unincorporated community in Nottoway County, Virginia, United States.
# Bonus, Texas

Bonus is an unincorporated community in northern Wharton County, Texas, United States located about 15 miles (24 km) north of Wharton near the intersection of Farm to Market Road 102 and Farm to Market Road 2614.

## History

Bonus began in the mid-1890s. The construction of the Cane Belt Railroad ended at the Wharton County plantation site owned by W. L. Dunovant and William Thomas Eldridge, who were among the people who chartered the railroad. In 1896, the community applied for a post office and requested the name "Alamo." That name was not approved. The Handbook of Texas states that Bonus became the name "reportedly" since the owners of the railroad were promised a bonus if they built into the area. The Bonus post office opened in 1896. Dunovant and Eldridge brought African American families to grow cotton, corn, rice, and sugar cane. In its early history, Bonus had relatively few White American residents. The Dunovant-Eldridge partnership included land in various communities, including Bonus. In the early 1900s, a prison camp opened in Bonus, and prisoners worked the land and performed agricultural jobs while under contract. In 1901, the partnership ended and Eldridge took the Bonus plantation while Dunovant took another plantation. In 1902, Eldridge shot Dunovant to death.
In 1936, Bonus had fifty residents and two businesses. Throughout its history, the community received a low volume of mail. The post office was discontinued three times before the final closing in 1940; thereafter, residents received mail in Eagle Lake and Egypt. In 1940, the Eldridge to Bonus rail link ended. The rail bed became a county road. In the 1980s, the community had 42 residents and no reported businesses. In 1992, the Cane Belt service ended. This led to the removal of the gravel bed, ties, and tracks. In 2000, Bonus had 42 residents.

## Education

East Bernard Independent School District (EBISD) serves Bonus.
In 1905, a segregated school for African-Americans had one teacher and 57 students. The Bonus School merged with the Nedra School, a small segregated school for Blacks east of Bonus, to form the Bonus-Nedra School. In 1926, the school district had four schools with a combined total of four teachers, 75 White American students, and 110 Black students. In 1958, the district combined with the Hungerford Independent School District. In 1973, EBISD took the land.

## Notable person

* Joseph Newman, part of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred, ranched and farmed a sitio near Bonus.
# Grov

Grov may refer to:

## Places

* Grov, Kinn, a village in Kinn municipality in Vestland county, Norway
* Grov, Stord, a village in Stord municipality in Vestland county, Norway
* Grov, Troms, a village in Tjeldsund municipality, Troms county, Norway

## People

* Martinus Grov, a Norwegian archer
# Deng Deng Akuei

Deng Deng Akuei (Deng Manyuom) has been the Governor of Aweil East State, South Sudan since 24 December 2015. He is the first governor of the state, which was created by President Salva Kiir on 2 October 2015.
He previously served as the deputy governor and minister of law enforcement of the Northern Bahr el Ghazal state.
# Deng Chuna

Deng Chuna (Chinese: 鄧處訥; died 894), courtesy name Chongyun (沖韞), was a warlord in the late Tang dynasty China, who controlled Wu'an Circuit (武安, headquartered in modern Changsha, Hunan) as its military governor (Jiedushi) from 893 to 894, when he was defeated and killed by Liu Jianfeng, who took over the circuit.

## Background and service under Min Xu

It is not known when Deng Chuna was born, but it is known that he was from Shao Prefecture (邵州, in modern Shaoyang, Hunan). In his youth, he became a soldier under Min Xu, an officer from Jiangxi Circuit (江西, headquartered in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi), on a deployment to Annan (安南, i.e., modern northern Vietnam). In 881, when Min and his soldiers were returning from Annan, they went through Tan Prefecture (in modern Changsha, Hunan), and Min expelled the governor of Hunan Circuit (湖南, headquartered at Tan Prefecture) and took over the circuit. Min thereafter claimed the title of acting governor and made Deng the prefect of Shao Prefecture.

## Takeover of Wu'an

In 886, when Tan Prefecture was under attack by Zhou Yue the prefect of Heng Prefecture (衡州, in modern Hengyang, Hunan), Min Xu welcomed one Huang Hao (黃皓), an officer under Qin Zongquan, who had declared himself emperor of a new state centered around Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern Zhumadian, Henan), to help him defend against Zhou's attack. Once inside the city walls of Tan Prefecture, however, Huang assassinated Min. Zhou subsequently defeated and killed Huang, and took over the circuit (which had been renamed Qinhua Circuit by that point), eventually being commissioned as its military governor (Jiedushi).
Hearing of Min's death and blaming Zhou for it, Deng Chuna mourned Min bitterly, and stated to his officers:
   I, along with you, gentlemen, have benefited from the great grace of the Puye [(僕射, i.e., Min)]. Zhou You killed him for no reason. I would like to, with you, gentlemen, expend our prefecture's strength to avenge the Puye. Can we not do it?
The officers agreed with him. He trained his forces for seven years, and, in 893, in alliance with Lei Man the prefect of Lang Prefecture (朗州, in modern Changde, Hunan), attacked Tan Prefecture. He captured it and executed Zhou, claiming for himself the title of acting military governor of Wu'an Circuit (as Qinhua had been renamed Wu'an by that point). In spring 894, then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong commissioned him full military governor.

## Defeat and Death

However, later that year, an army commanded by Liu Jianfeng and Ma Yin approached Wu'an. Deng sent his officers Jiang Xun (蔣勛) and Deng Jichong (鄧繼崇) with the Shao Prefecture troops to resist the attack at Longhui Pass (龍回關, in modern Shaoyang). Ma persuaded Jiang and Deng Jichong that Liu's success was prophesied and irresistible, and they disbanded their army. Ma took over the uniforms they wore and headed directly for Tan Prefecture. The Tan Prefecture defense forces, believing that these were soldiers from Shao Prefecture, took no precautions. Ma marched directly into the city and the circuit headquarters, capturing Deng Chuna, who was holding a feast, and executed him, allowing Liu to take over the circuit.
# Jehangir Hospital

Jehangir Hospital is a 350-bed hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Sir Cowasji Jehangir and Lady Hirabai Jehangir founded the hospital on 6 February 1946.

## History

The Jehangir Nursing Home was set by Sir Cowasji and Lady Hirabai who donated the land to start the hospital. The villa was called Ready Money Villa but they named it after their son Jehangir, who died that year. The hospital began with 8 beds and Eduljee H Coyaji was asked to helm Pune city's first private hospital in May 1946.

## Facilities

Jehangir Hospital has 350 beds. It has been certified by NABH in 2013 and NABL. It works closely with the Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute and the National Aids Research Institute. It handles around 1,00,000 patients annually including international patients who come from countries that include the Middle East and Africa.

## Acquisitions

In 2017, Jehangir Hospital acquired the Jog Hospital in Kothrud, a suburb in Pune and have renamed it as Jehangir Specialty Hospital.
# Den farlige alder

Den farlige alder is a 1911 Danish silent film directed by August Blom which was released internationally as The Price of Beauty. It was produced under the Nordisk Films banner.
The film is an adaptation of Karin Michaëlis' novel of the same name, which was published in english as The Dangerous Age: Letters and Fragments from a Woman's Diary. Like Michaëlis' novel, the film focused on themes of gender roles and sexuality. At the time it was released, Den farlige alder was considered controversial and was censored or banned in several locations.

## Cast

* Gerda Christophersen - Elsie von Lindtner
* Clara Wieth, Lisa
* Valdemar Psilander -Leopold von Würzen
* Otto Lagoni - den gamle greve
* Aage Hertel - Enrice Vallé, the Italian singer
* Frederik Jacobsen, Tjeneren Johan
* Lauritz Olsen - Sportsmanden
* Julie Henriksen
* Svend Cathala
* Gudrun Bruun Stephensen
* Franz Skondrup
* Axel Schultz
* Otto Detlefsen
* Lau Lauritzen Sr.
* Axel Boesen
# Jeffriesburg, Missouri

Jeffriesburg is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Jeffriesburgh was established in 1857, and remained in operation until 1942. Some say the community was named after Elisha Betts Jeffries, a local politician, while others believe the namesake was Achilles Whitehead Jeffries, a pioneer citizen.
# Tomophagus

Tomophagus is a Basidiomycete bracket-fungus genus in the family Ganodermataceae. The type species Tomophagus colossus, from the tropical Americas and Africa, has now been placed in the genus Ganoderma.
According to the Index Fungorum the remaining (monotypic) species is Tomophagus cattienensis. The holotype of this was collected on tropical hardwood in Cát Tiên National Park, Vietnam, after-which it was named by its finders Ngoc Duong Pham and Le Xuan Tham; its placement was based on morphological evidence and ITS DNA barcoding.
# 14-18

14-18 (also known as Over There, 1914-18) is a 1963 French documentary film about World War I, directed by Jean Aurel. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
# Alexander Boksenberg

Alexander (Alec) Boksenberg CBE FRS (born 18 March 1936) is a British scientist who was the Director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory from 1981–1995. In the early 1980s he developed the image photon counting system, an electronic detector for faint astronomical sources. His astronomical research focused on active galactic nuclei.
Boksenberg won the 1998 Jackson-Gwilt Medal from the Royal Astronomical Society and the 1999 Hughes Medal from the Royal Society. The minor planet 3205 Boksenberg is named after him.
He won the Richard Glazebrook Medal and Prize in 2000.
# Lenovo Essential

Essential is brand used by Lenovo for some of their personal computers. It may refer to:
* Lenovo Essential desktops
* Lenovo Essential laptops