OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Prendergast (died 1333)

Sir William Prendergast (died 19 July 1333) was a knight who fought in the Wars of Scottish Independence. He fought on both the English and Scottish sides and was killed while fighting on the Scottish side during the Battle of Halidon Hill.

## Life

Prendergast, who held lands at Cornhill-on-Tweed, Northumberland and Stirlingshire, Scotland, was a member of the English garrison at Berwick Castle in 1311. William was congratulated for his gallant service in the English garrison at Jedburgh Castle in January 1315. He was later accused of handing the castle over to the Scots. He had entered King Robert I of Scotland’s peace after the English defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn, with his lands at Cornhill-on-Tweed confiscated, by the English. With Sir William Keith and Alexander Gray, led a force of around 200 Scottish cavalry, with some difficulty, to force their way across the ruins of the bridge to the northern bank of the Tweed and then make their way into Berwick, in an attempt to relieve Berwick, under siege by an English army led by King Edward III of England.
The Berwick defenders argued that cavalry constituted the relief according to the truce and that they did not have to surrender the town or castle of Berwick to the English. Edward III stated that this was not the case: they had to be relieved directly from Scotland, whereas the relief force had approached Berwick from the direction of England. The Guardian of Scotland Archibald Douglas considered that the town had been relieved and sent messages to Edward III calling on him to depart, threatening that if he failed to do so the Scots army would devastate England. Edward III ruled that this was a breach of the agreement and commenced construction of gallows outside the town walls with the Scottish hostage Thomas Seton, the son of the Alexander Seton, the Governor of Berwick, was hanged in front of his parents. Edward III issued instructions that each day the town failed to surrender, another two hostages should be hanged.
As a result, Keith, who had taken over the command of the town from Seton, concluded a fresh truce, promising to surrender if not relieved by Tuesday 20 July. Keith, Grey and Prendergast were allowed immediately safe passage to leave Berwick and to travel to wherever Douglas happened to be, advise him of the change of circumstances and return safely to Berwick. They found Douglas at Bamburgh in Northumberland. The Scottish army crossed the Tweed to the west of the English army position, reaching Duns. The following day, the Scottish army approached Halidon Hill from the north-west, ready to give battle with the English. During the battle, Prendergast was killed. His son William was able to regain the lands of Cornhill-on-Tweed.
# Walter Foxcroft Hawkins

Walter Foxcroft Hawkins (July 12, 1863 – December 28, 1922) was an American attorney and local political figure who, from 1896 to 1897, served as mayor of Pittsfield, the largest city and county seat of Massachusetts' Berkshire County.
A native of Pittsfield, Hawkins was the son of William T. Hawkins and his wife Harriet E. Foxcroft. He received his A.B. from Williams College in 1884 and his L.L.B. from Columbia Law School in 1886. Following his bar exams, he opened a law firm in his hometown and, on October 7, 1891, married Helen A. Rich. Following his 1896–97 term as mayor, he continued with his law practice and also served as vice president of Berkshire Life Insurance Company. At the age of 59, he killed himself at his law office in Pittsfield by shooting himself through the heart with a revolver.
# Agdistis zhengi

Agdistis zhengi is a moth in the family Pterophoridae. It is known from China.
# Herdling

Herdling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Glenn Herdling (born 1964), American comics writer
* Kai Herdling (born 1984), German footballer
# Willie Porter

Willie Porter may refer to:
* Willie Porter (basketball) (born 1942), basketball power forward
* Willie Porter (English footballer) (1884–?), English footballer
* Willy Porter (born 1964), American singer-songwriter
* Willie Porter (Scottish footballer), Scottish footballer
# Walthamstow College of Art

Walthamstow College of Art was an art school based in Walthamstow, north-east London. In the 1970s, it was merged into North East London Polytechnic and is now part of the University of East London (UEL). UEL's School of Architecture and the Visual Arts, is based at its Docklands Campus.
In 2017, The William Morris Gallery hosted an exhibition, 'Be Magnificent', documenting some of its most famous alumni.

## Notable alumni

* Audrey Barker, artist
* Ian Dury, musician
* Marion Foale, fashion designer
* Peter Greenaway, film director, studied 1962-65
* John Lloyd (graphic designer)
* Ken Russell, film director
* Vivian Stanshall, musician
* Sally Tuffin, fashion designer and ceramicist
* Valerie Wiffen, painter

## Notable staff

* Peter Blake, artist
* Daphne Brooker
* Margaret Green, painter
# Agulhas National Park

The Agulhas National Park is a South African national park located in the Agulhas Plain in the southern Overberg region of the Western Cape, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south-east of Cape Town. The park stretches along the coastal plain between the towns of Gansbaai and Struisbaai, and includes the southern tip of Africa at Cape Agulhas. As of January 2009 it covered an area of 20,959 hectares (51,790 acres). Although one of the smallest national parks in South Africa, it boasts 2,000 native plant species and a wetland that provides refuge to birds and amphibians.

## Points of interest

The primary tourist attraction in the park is Cape Agulhas, the southernmost tip of Africa and the official meeting-point of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Nearby is the Agulhas lighthouse, the second-oldest lighthouse in South Africa, which also includes a small museum and tearoom.
* Whale watching in season – November to January.
* Animals to see include the southern right whale, African black oystercatcher, Damara tern and Cape platanna.
* Shipwrecks: several ships, including De Zoetendal, HMS Birkenhead, and HMS Arniston. foundered on the rocks near Cape Agulhas. Relics from some of the wrecks can be seen in the Bredasdorp Shipwreck Museum.
* Fynbos: hundreds of indigenous fynbos species are found here.
* A rich fish bank known as the Agulhas Bank.
# Herbert Sidney Palmer

Herbert Sidney Palmer RCA (June 15, 1881 – November 28, 1970) was a Canadian artist. He was best known as a landscape painter who captured Canadian scenes.

## Early life and education

Palmer was born in Toronto in 1881. From 1901 to 1905, he studied with Frederick S. Challener and J. W. Beatty at the Central Ontario School of Art in Toronto.

## Career

In 1929 he collaborated with the artist Frederick Haines on The Settlement of Canada, an eight-panel mural installed at the Canadian National Exhibition in the Dominion Government Building.
He was a secretary of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts and the Ontario Society of Artists, and taught at the Ontario College of Art. He was a recipient of the Canadian Centennial Medal, and one of the founders of the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto.

## Collections

His work is included in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada and the Art Gallery of Guelph.
# Heriotdale

Heriotdale is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The suburb lying south of Malvern and north of Rosherville, is an industrial area. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

## History

Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms called Doornfontein. Before becoming a suburb, the area was mining land with the Heriot Mine opening in 1887. After the gold was exhausted in the mine, the land was proclaimed as a suburb in October 1946. The mine is said to have been named after the Scottish goldsmith George Heriot, the "Jingling Geordie" in Sir Walter Scott's novel The Fortunes of Nigel. Some experts, however, claim the mine was instead named after the village of Heriot in Midlothian, Scotland. This village was founded in 1164 as Herth, but its name was changed in 1198 to Hereget (from the Old English here-geat, meaning a break in a hillside through which troops could march.

## Sources

* Stals, Prof. Dr. E.L.P (ed.). 1978. Afrikaners in die Goudstad, vol. 1: 1886 - 1924. Cape Town/Pretoria: HAUM.
# Agirdzha

40°39′32″N 49°27′42″E﻿ / ﻿40.65889°N 49.46167°E﻿ / 40.65889; 49.46167
Agirdzha is a village in the Khizi Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Agylla rotunda

Agylla rotunda is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1900. It is found in Colombia and Bolivia.
# Walter Endrizzi

Walter Endrizzi is a Paralympic athlete from Italy competing mainly in category T46 long-distance events.

## Biography

He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There he won a bronze medal in the men's Marathon - T46 event
# Willis Wagner Wirth

Willis Wagner Wirth (1916–1994) was an American entomologist. He was born in Dunbar, Nebraska.
* This article about an American entomologist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# After All (The Miracles song)

"After All" is a 1960 song written by Smokey Robinson and originally recorded and released by The Miracles on the Tamla label. It was first recorded as an unreleased single by The Supremes for Tamla; it was supposed to be their first single but it was canceled in favor of "I Want a Guy", and their cover wasn't released until it appeared on the 2000 box set, The Supremes. The song is noted for both groups' unusual choices for leads. For the Miracles' version it serves as a rare lead for Claudette Rogers Robinson, instead of the group’s main lead, Claudette's husband, Smokey Robinson. In the Supremes' case it is their only single to feature Barbara Martin singing on lead vocals (although she does have a spoken line during the song "(He's) Seventeen"). Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, and Diana Ross sing verses, and Martin sings the bridge (usually Ballard or Ross was given the lead on the group's recordings at that time). "After All" was also later covered by The Marvelettes, in the early 1970s, with group member Wanda Young Rogers as lead. (There's a connection to the two previous groups in that Wanda Young was the wife of Miracles member Bobby Rogers, and she was the only member of The Marvelettes on the song—as with the late-1960s singles of The Supremes, The Andantes served as background singers.) Their version appears on the album The Return of the Marvelettes, and later became the group's belated final single (it failed to chart).

## Personnel

The Miracles version
* Lead vocals by Claudette Robinson
* Background vocals by Smokey Robinson, Ronnie White, Bobby Rogers, and Warren "Pete" Moore
* Guitar by Marv Tarplin
* Other Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers
The Supremes version
* Lead and background vocals by Florence Ballard (1st verse), Mary Wilson (2nd verse), Barbara Martin (bridge), and Diana Ross (3rd verse)
* Musitron & Ondioline Instrumentation by Raynoma Liles Gordy
* Guitar by Marv Tarplin
* Other Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers
The Marvelettes version
* Lead vocals by Wanda Rogers
* Background vocals by The Andantes: Jackie Hicks, Marlene Barrow, and Louvain Demps
* Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers
# Walter Reid (footballer)

Walter Reid (born 1869) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a full-back.
# Aglaia monozyga

Aglaia monozyga is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.
# Age of Feminine

Age of Feminine is the first album released by American rapper, Kellee Maize. It was recorded and released independently. The leading sound engineer was DJ Huggy, who was involved with the mixing and recording of each track for the album. To date, it has been downloaded over one hundred thousand times.
# Agni (Ayurveda)

Agni in Samskrita means "fire", and according to Ayurveda, Agni happens to be the entity that is responsible for all digestive and metabolic processes in the human beings.

## Classification of Agni based on its location

Depending upon the stage of metabolism where a specific Agni is functionally active, Agni has been classified into three sub-classes: 'Jaṭharāgni', 'Bhūtāgni' and 'Dhātvagni'.

### Jaṭharāgni

While Jaṭharāgni acts on the food in the digestive tract and converts it into absorbable form, the Bhūtāgni acts after the digested material has been absorbed.

### Bhūtāgni

Bhūtāgni is of 5 types. Each of these 5 acts on the 5 primordial constituents of the absorbed food: Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Space. These 5 Bhutagnis transform the substrates into such form that can be assimilated at tissue level.

### Dhātvagni

The third class of Agni, the Dhātvagni, acts at the level of tissue metabolism and is helpful in the tissue nourishment tissue metabolism. This is of 7 types based on the kind of tissue that it helps nourishing.

## Classification of Agni based on its strength

Further, Ayurveda recognizes four functional states of Agni: Samāgni (regular), Vişamāgni (irregular), Tīkşņāgni (intense) and Mandāgni (weak).

### Samāgni

Samāgni ensures complete digestion of the food ingested at the proper time without any irregularity. Its activity is neither too intense nor too weak. It is just appropriate and therefore, is ideal too. This results when all Doshas, Vata-Pitta-Kapha are in a state of equilibrium.

### Vişamāgni

Vişamāgni represents an unpredictable state of Agni, which is due to the dominance of Vayu. It sometimes quickly digests the food and at other times it does so very slowly, representing unpredictability.

### Tīkşņāgni

Tīkşņāgni results because of the dominance of Pitta which is intense, and hence, it easily digests even a very heavy meal, in a very short span of time.

### Mandāgni

Mandāgni is opposite to the Tīkşņāgni: it is subdued in its activity. This Agni is unable to digest and metabolize even a small quantity of food. This state of Agni is a result of the dominance of Kapha.
* Sushruta Samhita
* Traditional medicine
# Windyridge

Windyridge is a 1912 novel by English writer Willie Riley, the first of his 39 published books. It sold half a million copies, stayed in print until 1961, and was republished in 2010 with an extended introduction by David Copeland (ISBN 978-1-906600-18-1).
The book was originally written as an entertainment for Riley's wife and two recently bereaved friends, the Bolton sisters, to be read to them in weekly episodes during 1911 and 1912.
The story concerns young artist and photographer, Grace Holden, who moves from London to spend a year in the small Yorkshire village of Windyridge.
In 1928 Riley wrote a sequel, Windyridge Revisited, which remained in print until 1949.$^{:lvi–lvii}$
Riley's obituaries on his death in 1961 described him as "the famous Bradford-born author of Windyridge and 34 other novels" and "the author who established himself with his first novel, Windyridge".
After moving to Silverdale in 1919, Riley renamed his house there "Windyridge", a name it retained until sold in 2015 (now known as 8 Wallings Lane). The name became fashionable as a house name and was widely used.$^{:xii}$
Shortly before his death Riley donated his manuscript of Windyridge to Leeds Central Library.

## Locations

The locations in the novel can all be identified with real places in Yorkshire, near Riley's home town of Bradford. The village of "Windyridge" is based on Hawksworth near Baildon ("Marsland"), and the nearest town, "Fawkshill", where Grace attends church, is Guiseley. Grace and her neighbour make an expedition over the moor from "Uncle Ned's" pub (now Dick Hudson's at Eldwick) to "Romanton" (Ilkley). The cities of Leeds and Bradford appear as "Airlee" and "Broadbeck" respectively.$^{:xiii}$
# Agonopterix nebulosa

Agonopterix nebulosa is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1873. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland and Virginia.
Adults have been recorded on wing from May to June.
The larvae feed on Antennaria plantaginifolia. They tie the leaves of their host plant.
# Agonopterix muricolorella

Agonopterix muricolorella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by August Busck in 1902. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Colorado, eastern Oregon and eastern Washington.
The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are dark mouse gray with a purple tinge towards the apex and round the edges and also sprinkled with sparse black scales. The base and the basal part of the costa somewhat lighter than the rest of the wing. The hindwings are shining dark gray.
The larvae feed on Lomatium macrocarpum, Lomatium grayi and Leptotaenia multifida.
# Agonopterix monotona

Agonopterix monotona is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Aristide Caradja in 1927. It is found in China.
# Agnieszka Malinowska

Agnieszka Barbara Malinowska is a Polish mathematician known for her research and books on fractional calculus and the fractional calculus of variations. She is an associate professor of mathematics, in the faculty of computer science of Bialystok University of Technology.

## Education and career

Malinowska earned a master's degree in mathematics from the University of Warsaw in 1995. She joined Bialystok University of Technology as a teaching assistant in that year. After completing her doctorate in 2003 through the Polish Academy of Sciences, she became an assistant professor at Bialystok University of Technology, and later an associate professor.

## Books

Malinowska is the coauthor of:
* Introduction To The Fractional Calculus Of Variations (with Delfim F. M. Torres, World Scientific, 2012)
* Quantum Variational Calculus (with Delfim F. M. Torres, Springer, 2014)
* Advanced Methods in the Fractional Calculus of Variations (with Tatiana Odzijewic and Delfim F. M. Torres, Springer, 2015)
# Herbert Wieger

Herbert Wieger (born 7 February 1972) is an Austrian former professional association football player. He played as a striker.
# Agelaea himalayica

Agelaea himalayica is a species of ground beetle from the Platyninae subfamily that is endemic to Nepal.
# Hernádvécse

Hernádvécse is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County in northeastern Hungary.
# Hermann Wilhelm Kuchneister

Hermann William Kuchmeister (October 16, 1877 – February 1, 1923) was a private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish–American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery.

## Biography

Kuchnmeister was born on October 16, 1877, in Hamburg, Germany. He joined the Marine Corps from Brooklyn in August 1897.
He was awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism during the cable cutting operation off Cienfuegos, Cuba while assigned to the cruiser USS Marblehead during the Spanish–American War. He was honorably discharged in March 1900.
He was a member of the Naval Order of the United States.
After being discharged from the Marine Corps, Kuchmeister worked as an assistant weigher for the U.S. Customs Service in Boston. On December 18, 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt issued Executive Order no. 992 which allowed Kuchmeister to be promoted to day inspector without further examination.
Kuchmeister died on February 1, 1923, and was buried at Winthrop Cemetery in Winthrop, Massachusetts.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: Hamburg, Germany. Accredited to: New York. G.O. No.: 521, 7 July 1899.
Citation:
   On board the U.S.S. Marblehead during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos, Cuba, 11 May 1898. Facing the heavy fire of the enemy, Kuchmeister displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action.

## Awards

* Medal of Honor
* Sampson Medal
* Spanish Campaign Medal
# Wan Chai Road

Wan Chai Road (灣仔道) is a main road in Wan Chai, on the north side of Hong Kong Island.
Wan Chai Road is a L-shape road which was constructed in 1851 along Morrison Hill from the foot of Hospital Hill (now near the old Wan Chai Market building) to the beach at Observation Point (now near Tin Lok Lane).
The road offers access, via Cross Lane, to Wan Chai Park (灣仔公園), the area's largest.

## History

In the 1930 and 1940s, Hong Kong funeral services used to gather in Wan Chai Road and Tin Lok Lane as the area is closed to the cemeteries in Happy Valley. The first funeral parlour in Hong Kong, named Hong Kong Funeral Home, was founded on 216 Wan Chai Road in the early 1930s, opposite a cemetery carving workshop. The coffin showroom was on Tin Lok Lane. On 5 September 1966, Hong Kong Funeral Home moved to Quarry Bay, however, the old parlour of Wan Chai Road still in service until its dismantling in 1967.

## In popular culture

This road and its junction with Johnston Road was a Pit Stop in the eleventh leg of the reality TV show The Amazing Race 30.
# Leigh Baronets of Tyrone (1622)

The Leigh Baronetcy, of Tyrone, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland in February 1622 for Sir Daniel Leigh. The title became extinct on the death of his son Sir Arthur Leigh, 2nd Baronet in 1638.

## Leigh baronets, of Tyrone (1622)

* Sir Daniel Leigh, 1st Baronet, High Sheriff of Tyrone (died 1633)
* Sir Arthur Leigh, 2nd Baronet (died 1638).
# 1990 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 400 metres

The women's 400 metres event at the 1990 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held in Kelvin Hall on 3 and 4 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Marina Shmonina Soviet Union | Iolanda Oanță Romania | Judit Forgács Hungary |

## Results
### Heats

The winner of each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Marina Shmonina | Soviet Union | 52.53 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Sally Gunnell | Great Britain | 52.92 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Iolanda Oanță | Romania | 53.27 | q |
| 4 | 1 | Judit Forgács | Hungary | 53.30 | q |
| 5 | 3 | Linda Kisabaka | West Germany | 53.41 | |
| 6 | 3 | Linda Keough | Great Britain | 53.74 | |
| 7 | 2 | Angela Piggford | Great Britain | 54.01 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | Noémi Bátori | Hungary | 54.35 | |
| 9 | 1 | Cristina Pérez | Spain | 54.53 | |
| 10 | 2 | Irmgard Trojer | Italy | 54.90 | |
| 11 | 2 | Marina Vasarmidou | Greece | 55.38 | |
| | 3 | Anita Protti | Switzerland | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 2 | Marina Shmonina | Soviet Union | 51.22 |
| | 1 | Iolanda Oanță | Romania | 52.22 |
| | 4 | Judit Forgács | Hungary | 53.02 |
| 4 | 3 | Sally Gunnell | Great Britain | 53.38 |
| 5 | 5 | Angela Piggford | Great Britain | 53.82 |
# 1990 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 3000 metres

The women's 3000 metres event at the 1990 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held in Kelvin Hall on 3 March.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Elly van Hulst | Netherlands | 8:57.28 |
| | Margareta Keszeg | Romania | 8:57.50 |
| | Andrea Hahmann | East Germany | 9:00.31 |
| 4 | Viorica Ghican | Romania | 9:00.92 |
| 5 | Roisin Smyth | Ireland | 9:04.42 |
| 6 | Eva Jurková | Czechoslovakia | 9:06.76 |
| 7 | Valentina Tauceri | Italy | 9:11.20 |
| 8 | Sonia McGeorge | Great Britain | 9:11.60 |
| 9 | Tanja Merchiers | Belgium | 9:16.74 |
| | Karen Hutcheson | Great Britain | DNF |
| | Tullia Mancia | Italy | DQ |