OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ABMAP

ABMAP, also known as the Animal Bone Metrical Archive Project, consists of a collection of metric data on the main domestic animals recorded at the University of Southampton, together with the data from some other sources, in particular the Museum of London Archaeology Service (MoLAS). Whilst the data is primarily from England, it is applicable to a wider geographical area. Stored in a neutral archival format, it is freely available for teaching, learning and research.

## History of the Project

In the 1990s English Heritage funded a project at the University of Southampton to collect and synthesize metrical data recorded over the past twenty years. The main aim was to assemble the data and ensure that it was kept in a format in which it would be maintained and made accessible.

## The Database

The project aimed to collect measurements of the main domestic species found on archaeological sites in England. The database included approximately 25,000 bones, predominantly of cattle and sheep, but also of pig, horse, dog, goat, domestic fowl, and goose. The data set is organized by species, anatomical element, period, and site type.

## Sources

Serjeantson, D. (2005). 'Science is Measurement'; ABMAP, a Database of Domestic Animal Bone Measurements. Environmental Archaeology 10 (1): 97-103
# Seasons in the Sun (album)

Seasons in the Sun is the debut studio album by Canadian musician Terry Jacks, released in 1974 by Bell Records. It features Jacks' biggest hit song, "Seasons in the Sun", which reached No. 1 in over 12 countries.

## Charts

Chart performance for Seasons in the Sun :
| Chart (1974) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 58 |
# 1980 NCAA Division I golf championship

The 1980 NCAA Division I Golf Championship was the 42nd annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf at the Division I level in the United States.
The tournament was held at the Ohio State University Golf Club in Columbus, Ohio.
Oklahoma State won the team championship, the Cowboys' third NCAA title and first since 1981.
Jay Don Blake, from Utah State, won the individual title.

## Individual results
### Individual champion

* Jay Don Blake, Utah State
# Zographus cingulatus

Zographus cingulatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1913. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, and Malawi.
# Thomas Dixon (autodidact)

Thomas Dixon (1831–1880) was a working class autodidact and literary correspondent of Sunderland in the north-east of England. A cork-cutter by trade, he lodged with a close friend of the head of the School of Art in Newcastle, William Bell Scott, and through this became acquainted with many of the artists later known as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and others in their circle, including Tennyson, Thomas Carlyle and Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
His correspondence with the Pre-Raphaelites, some of whom appear to have found him a nuisance, was important in bringing the Pitman Poet Joseph Skipsey to wider notice. He enjoyed a lengthy correspondence with John Ruskin between February and December 1867. Ruskin published his half of the correspondence, with excerpts from Dixon in the appendices, Time and Tyde by Weare and Tyne: Twenty-five Letters to a Working Man of Sunderland on the Laws of Work. The letters touched on themes of honesty in work, fairness and cooperation, in keeping with his essays engaging with John Stuart Mills, Adam Smith and Malthus.
He was widely read and a member of the Sunderland Literary and Philosophical Society. Though the recipient of many books as gifts from his correspondents, Dixon had few of them in his house, remarking that he saw no need for books as ornaments and that after reading and absorbing a book's contents, he would donate it to the local library.
He sat for many of the artists he corresponded with and a portrait of him by Alfred Dixon (no relation) is in the collection of Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens.
At his death, Dixon had a substantial archive of letters, which he desired to be left to the town of Sunderland as a single collection with his books and art. Instead, his letters were split up and auctioned in the 1970s.
# 1938 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship final

The 1938 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the seventh All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1938 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.
The poor state of the field militated against a fast game. Dublin won by six points.
# Spurious diphthong

A spurious diphthong (or false diphthong) is an Ancient Greek vowel that is etymologically a long vowel but written exactly like a true diphthong ει, ου (ei, ou).

## Origin

A spurious diphthong has two origins: from compensatory lengthening of short ε, ο (e, o) after deletion of a consonant or contraction of two vowels:
** *mónt-ya or *móntʰ-ya → *mónsa (assibilation from palatalization) → Μοῦσα "Muse"
** doter-ya → δότειρα "giver" (feminine; compare masculine δοτήρ)
** φιλέ-ετε → φιλεῖτε "you (pl.) love"
** νόος → νοῦς "mind"
In general, spurious ει, ου contracts from ε, ο + ε, ο, ει, ου. The specific rules are more complex.

## True diphthongs

By contrast, true diphthongs are e or o placed before i or u. Some come from e-grade of ablaut + i, or o-grade + u, co-existing beside forms with the other grade:
* λείπω "I leave" (e-grade: genuine diphthong) — λέ-λοιπα "I have left" (o-grade)
* *eleútʰ-somai → ἐλεύσομαι "I will come" (e-grade) — Homeric εἰλ-ήλουθα "I have come" (o-grade)
* Proto-Greek *akouyō → ἀκούω "I hear"

## Pronunciation

Early in the history of Greek, the diphthong versions of ει and ου were pronounced as [ei̯, ou̯], the long vowel versions as [eː, oː]. By the Classical period, the diphthong and long vowel had merged in pronunciation and were both pronounced as long monophthongs [eː, oː].
By the time of Koine Greek, ει and ου had shifted to [iː, uː]. (The shift of a Greek vowel to i is called iotacism.) In Modern Greek, distinctive vowel length has been lost, and all vowels are pronounced short: [i, u].

## Other dialects

Long e and o existed in two forms in Attic-Ionic: ει, ου and η, ω (ē, ō). In earlier Severer Doric, by contrast, only η, ω counted as a long vowel, and it was the vowel of contraction. In later forms of Doric, it contracted to ει, ου. Throughout the history of Doric, compensatory lengthening resulted in η, ω.
"Severe" refers to the sterner-sounding open pronunciation of η, ω [ɛː, ɔː], in contrast to the closer ει, ου [eː, oː].
# 2009 in Swedish television

This is a list of Swedish television related events from 2009.

## Events

* 27 March - Strongman Magnus Samuelsson and his partner Annika Sjöö win the fourth season of Let's Dance.
* 12 June - 30-year-old magician Charlie Caper wins the third season of Talang.
* 11 December - Erik Grönwall wins the sixth season of Idol.

## Television shows
### 2000s

* Idol (2004-2011, 2013–present)
* Let's Dance (2006–present)
* Talang (2007-2011, 2014–present)
* 1–24 December - Superhjältejul

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date |
| Comedy Central | Cable television | 1 January |
| TV1000 Drama | Cable television | 16 February |
| V Sport Hockey | Cable television | 1 September |
| Disney XD | Cable television | 12 September |
| SF-kanalen | Cable television | 1 October |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |
| [] | | Cable and satellite | | | |

### Closures

| Network | Type | End date | Notes | Sources |
| Kanal Lokal | Cable television | 19 January | | |
# Herona sumatrana

Herona sumatrana, the White Pasha, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South-East Asia.

## Subspecies

* Herona sumatrana sumatrana (Sumatra)
* Herona sumatrana dusuntua Corbet, 1937 (Peninsular Malaya)
* Herona sumatrana schoenbergi Staudinger, 1890 (Borneo)
* Herona sumatrana djarang Fruhstorfer, 1893 (Nias)
* Herona sumatrana pringondani Fruhstorfer, 1893 (Java and possibly Bali)
# Taraxia subacaulis

Taraxia subacaulis is a species of evening primrose known by the common name diffuseflower evening primrose. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in several habitat types, especially in mountainous areas. It is a fleshy perennial herb growing from a taproot and usually lacking a stem. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval and up to 22 centimeters long and are borne on long petioles. The flower has yellow petals, each up to 1.5 centimeters long, and a large, bulbous stigma tip. The fruit is a leathery capsule 1 to 3 centimeters long.
# Jim Roth (businessman)

Jim Roth is a businessman, social entrepreneur and author. He is the co-founder of LeapFrog Investments, a social finance and impact investment firm that manages investments of more than $1 billion.

## Biography

Roth received a degree in Development Economics from the University of Manchester and a PhD from the University of Cambridge. While working towards his PhD, Roth spent time examining how individuals with a low income used financial services.
Prior to co-founding Leapfrog, he worked for the United Nations agency, International Labour Organization (ILO), in India. During his time at the ILO, Roth co-authored the book, Making Insurance Work for Microfinance Institutions. Roth has appeared on Bloomberg and CNBC discussing issues around the rise of the emerging consumer demographic and the role of financial services in emerging markets.
# Tensoba

Tensoba, or tempura soba, is a Japanese dish of soba noodles and tempura.

## Overview

There are two varieties of tensoba: one is served with a hot broth of dashi and soy sauce; the other is served with cooled soba and dipped in tsukejiru (lit. 'dipping sauce'), either chilled or hot and usually strongly flavored. The dipping variety is also called tenzaru-soba or ten-seiro, depending on the soba shop or stand.
Like tendon, tensoba uses many kind of vegetable or seafood tempura, or kakiage (lit. 'scratch tempura', using a mixture of vegetable or seafood bits).

## History

Tensoba originated during the mid-Edo-period. It was first eaten as a hot broth soba with kakiage, using the adductor muscles of surf clams. At that time, shrimp-tempura soba was more expensive than other ingredients. So, shrimp-tempura-soba is also called jo-tempura soba (lit. 'upper class tempura-soba') or ebiten-soba.

## Regional variety

There are some regional varieties for tensoba toppings. In Kanto and Kyushu, the soba shops often use satsuma age (fried fish cake) or chikuwa for tempura. These two fish cakes are sometimes batter-fried.
# Amethysphaerion

Amethysphaerion is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Amethysphaerion eximium Martins & Napp, 1992
* Amethysphaerion falsus Martins, 1995
* Amethysphaerion guarani Martins & Napp, 1992
* Amethysphaerion jocosum Martins & Napp, 1992
* Amethysphaerion nigripes Martins & Monné, 1975
* Amethysphaerion submetallicum Martins & Napp, 1992
* Amethysphaerion trinidadensis (Gilmour, 1963)
* Amethysphaerion tuna Martins, 2005
# Thomas Dürst

Thomas Dürst (born 22 June 1967) is a former German cyclist. He competed in two events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Edwin Bhend

Edwin Bhend (born 9 September 1931) is a Swiss chess player and author. He was awarded the International Master title in 1960, and won the Swiss championship in 1966. He represented Switzerland in 10 Chess Olympiads from 1952 to 1982. At Zürich in 1959, he finished in a tie for 10th place behind future world champions Mikhail Tal and Bobby Fischer, but defeated Tal in the opening round after defending accurately in a complicated position. He is still an active player.
# Spurious emission

In radio communication, a spurious emission is any component of a radiated radio frequency signal the complete suppression of which would not impair the integrity of the modulation type or the information being transmitted. A radiated signal outside of a transmitter's assigned channel is an example of a spurious emission. Spurious emissions can include harmonic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products.
# 2011 BMW Open

The 2011 BMW Open, also known as The BMW Open by FWU Takaful 2011 for sponsorship reasons, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 96th edition of the event. It was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the MTTC Iphitos complex in Munich, Germany, from 23 April through 1 May 2011. Mikhail Youzhny was the defending champion, while he was joined by last year's finalist Marin Čilić as well as semifinalists Marcos Baghdatis and Philipp Petzschner. Unranked former world number two countryman Tommy Haas made his 2011 debut and returned to playing in doubles via a wildcard into the main draw with partner Radek Štěpánek.

## Entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RUS | Mikhail Youzhny | 14 | 1 |
| SUI | Stanislas Wawrinka | 15 | 2 |
| CRO | Marin Čilić | 21 | 3 |
| CYP | Marcos Baghdatis | 25 | 4 |
| GER | Florian Mayer | 34 | 5 |
| UKR | Sergiy Stakhovsky | 38 | 6 |
| RUS | Nikolay Davydenko | 39 | 7 |
| GER | Philipp Kohlschreiber | 41 | 8 |
* Seedings are based on the rankings of April 18, 2011.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Matthias Bachinger
* Andreas Beck
* Dustin Brown
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Steve Darcis
* Robert Farah
* Andrey Kuznetsov
* Julian Reister
The following player received entry from a Lucky loser spot:
* Denis Gremelmayr

### Notable withdrawals

* Jarkko Nieminen

## Finals
### Singles

Nikolay Davydenko defeated Florian Mayer, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1
* It was Davydenko's 1st title of the year and 21st of his career. It was his 2nd win in Munich, also winning in 2004.

### Doubles

Simone Bolelli / Horacio Zeballos defeated Andreas Beck / Christopher Kas, 7–6(3), 6–4
# Baculopora

Baculopora is an extinct genus of bryozoans of the family Acanthocladiidae. Its colonies are irregularly branching, with autozooecia in large oval apertures arranged in four to seven rows on each branch.
# ASB Business

ASB Business was a half-hour business news programme in New Zealand, with insights into issues affecting the business sector. It was broadcast on TV3 between 6.30am and 7.00am weekdays, followed by Sunrise.

## Format

Since 2 October 2007, ASB Business had been a main part of Sunrise, which was on air from 6:30 am. In an aim to attract more business viewers, particularly in Auckland, it was decided that from 6 October 2008 that a new 30-minute version of ASB Business would be produced. It was hosted by financial journalist Michael Wilson starting at 6:30 am. Sunrise moved to start at 7:00 am and featured regular business updates.
TV3 cancelled ASB Business on 8 April 2010, stating the show was financially unsustainable.
Note that previously ASB Business was the name of rival TVNZ's morning business programme on TV One at a similar timeslot. This programme is now titled NZI Business

## Team

* Michael Wilson - Host
* Tony Field - Backup Host
* Emma Brannam - Reporter
* Liz Kirschberg - Executive Producer
# Jiří Pechar

Jiří Pechar (7 May 1929 – 22 August 2022) was a Czech philosopher and translator.

## Life and career

Born in Příbram, Pechar studied in history of literature at the Charles University, and worked as an editor for the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, before being dismissed for political reasons in 1958. He then worked as a freelance translator, translating in Czech works by Sigmund Freud, Marcel Proust, Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jean-François Lyotard and Claude Lévi-Strauss among others, and was also an author of essays and collection of poems and a collaborator of magazines and journals.
Pechar was officially rehabilitated after the Velvet Revolution, becoming a research fellow at the Institute of Philosophy of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and the director of its 20th Century Philosophy department. With his 1992 book Prostor imaginace he "filled a considerable gap by writing a book on psychoanalysis, overcoming at least partly the absence of interest in this domain that Czech philosophers have generally manifested".
During his life Pechar was the recipient of various honors and accolades, including the title of Officer by the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and the Tom Stoppard Prize. He died on 22 August 2022, at the age of 93.
# Teodoro González de Zárate

Teodoro González de Zárate Sáenz (9 November 1881 – 31 March 1937) was a Spanish politician who served as mayor of Vitoria during the Second Spanish Republic. He was killed by Francoist forces during the Spanish Civil War.

## Biography

Born in Vitoria, Teodoro González de Zárate had been a businessman before entering politics. He was elected to the city council in April 1931. In the election, right-wing candidates won a majority in the city council (16 seats, compared to the 15 seats held by republicans and socialists). However, the partial annulment of the results and subsequent election rerun gave a majority to the left. On June 5, González de Zárate was named mayor. The republican members of the city council had been elected on the Autonomous Republican Party ticket. This was a local organization, and most of them joined other republican parties starting in August 1931. González de Zárate, who served as president of the party, later joined Republican Left.
As mayor, González de Zárate criticized the 1931 proposal for a Basque statute of autonomy on the basis that it would harm the economic model of Álava, he also described it as an imposition from rural politicians against urban areas. However, he campaigned in favor of the 1933 proposed statue of autonomy. In August 1934, the city council elected a commission to defend the Basque Economic Agreement against a government initiative to reduce taxes on wine, which would have led to a significant reduction in tax revenue for the municipal government. On September 3, the government dismissed the councilmen who had taken part in the election of the commission. Luis Ginés Ostolaza, a Radical Republican, was elected mayor the next day. Ginés Ostolaza resigned in December, being replaced as mayor by Manuel Díaz de Junguitu.
After the 1936 general election, the government reinstated the city council elected in 1931 and González de Zárate was reelected as mayor. He was succeed on an interim basis by Tomás Alfaro [es], who held the mayorship briefly during July 1936 before being deposed in the aftermath of the coup that led to the Spanish Civil War. Teodoro González de Zárate was arrested on September 17 by Requetés. On March 31, 1937, coinciding with the start of the Biscay Campaign, González de Zárate and other 15 prisoners were taken out of prison in order to be executed on orders of Emilio Mola. They were killed on the night of March 31–April 1 in the Azazeta pass.
# Amethysa

Amethysa is a genus of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the family Ulidiidae.

## Species

* Amethysa basalis
* Amethysa calligyna
* Amethysa fasciata
* Amethysa intermedia
* Amethysa macquarti
# Thomas Dromgoole

Thomas Dromgoole, M.D. (1750?–1826?), was an Irish physician.
Dromgoole was born in Ireland somewhere about the middle of the eighteenth century, and took his medical degree at the University of Edinburgh.
He settled as a physician in Dawson Street, Dublin, and became a prominent member of the Catholic board, which met at the beginning of the century to further the cause of Catholic emancipation. With Daniel O'Connell, Dromgoole was an anti-vetoist, that is, he was opposed to the purchase of freedom for the Catholics at the price of giving the government a veto in the appointment of their bishops. In 1813 he made some vigorous speeches on the subject, overthrowing Grattan's contention in the House of Commons that the veto was approved in Ireland, and materially contributing to the temporary defeat of the Catholic Emancipation Bill.
In the following year his speeches were published, together with an anonymous ‘Vindication,’ said by Mr. W. J. Fitzpatrick to have been written by Dr. Lanigan, who also, according to the same authority, was the real author of the speeches, though they were ‘enunciated through the ponderous trombone of Dromgoole's nasal twang.’ Sheil, describing Dromgoole's mode of emphasising the end of each sentence in his speeches by knocking loudly on the ground with a heavy stick, spoke of him as ‘a kind of rhetorical paviour.’
Dromgoole's ill-timed outspokenness brought a hornets' nest about his ears; he was satirised by Dr. Brennan under the name of ‘Dr. Drumsnuffle,’ and was at last driven into exile, ending his days at Rome under the shadow of the Vatican. He probably died between 1824 and 1829.
# 1937 Western State Teachers Hilltoppers football team

The 1937 Western State Teachers Hilltoppers football team represented Western State Teachers College (later renamed Western Michigan University) as an independent during the 1937 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Mike Gary, the Broncos compiled a 5–3 record and outscored their opponents, 92 to 65. Quarterback George Bond was the team captain.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 1 | at Detroit | University of Detroit StadiumDetroit | L 7–20 |
| October 9 | Illinois College | Western State Teachers College FieldKalamazoo, MI | W 37–0 |
| October 16 | at Iowa State Teachers | O. R. Latham StadiumCedar Falls, IA | W 7–0 |
| October 23 | St. Viator | Western State Teachers College FieldKalamazoo, MI | L 7–13 |
| October 30 | Western Kentucky State Teachers | Western State Teachers College FieldKalamazoo, MI | W 13–7 |
| November 6 | at Central Michigan | Alumni FieldMount Pleasant, MI (rivalry) | W 7–0 |
| November 13 | at Butler | Butler BowlIndianapolis, IN | W 14–13 |
| November 20 | DePaul | Western State Teachers College FieldKalamazoo, MI | L 12–0 |