OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elsevier Weekblad

Elsevier Weekblad, abbreviated to EW, still known as Elsevier, is a Dutch weekly news magazine. With a circulation of over 68,000 copies as of 2018, it is the Netherlands' most popular news magazine.
Elsevier Weekblad focuses mainly on politics, international affairs and business. In terms of scope of articles it is most comparable to Germany's Focus, Belgium's Knack or America's Time. Like Time, Elsevier Weekblad runs a yearly cover story about a Person of the Year. Views expressed are generally conservative right wing.

## History and profile

The predecessor of the magazine, Elsevier's Geïllustreerd Maandschrift (Elsevier's Illustrated Monthly), was first issued in January 1891 and was modelled after Harper's Magazine. It was published by J.G. Robbers and his Elsevier company, which had been founded in 1880 and took its name from the famous (but unrelated) Elzevir family of the 16th to 18th centuries. In 1940, the magazine was prohibited by the German authorities, who occupied the Netherlands at the time, and the last issue of the magazine was issued in December that year.
Henk Lunshof, a journalist of De Telegraaf, had thought of establishing a new news magazine since 1940. He was approached by Jan Pieter Klautz, director of the publishing company Elsevier, and the two secretly started preparing the establishment of the magazine. They were assisted by G.B.J. Hiltermann, another former journalist of De Telegraaf. The magazine was finally introduced as Elseviers Weekblad ("Elsevier's Weekly") on 27 October 1945, and Lunshof became its editor. Its aim was to take an independent position, not linked to any political party or association. By the end of the 1940s, however, EW adopted a clear position against the independence of Indonesia, after which it developed a socially conservative and economically liberal signature, closely linked to the liberals of the VVD and the Catholics of the KVP.
The magazine was an instant success and very profitable. The expansion of Elsevier in the scientific field after 1945 was funded with the profits of the newsweekly.
Communists would later become enemies with Elsevier Weekblad. This and the increasingly old-fashioned image of the magazine sparked the demand for a new leadership and a new formula. The new editor in chief, André Spoor, formerly editor in chief of NRC Handelsblad, renewed the redaction, changed the layout and shortened the name to Elsevier. In the following years, the magazine lost its literary character and started focusing on journalism. It claims that while opinion pieces remained, it became less ideological and more factual.
The magazine has several supplements, one of which is Elsevier Weekblad Juist, a monthly lifestyle and business magazine.
Reed Business Information sold a majority stake in Elsevier to New Skool Media in 2016; the two companies created the joint venture ONE Business.

## Circulation

In 2001 Elsevier Weekblad had a circulation of 129,000 copies. In 2010 the circulation of the magazine was 135,838 copies. It was 62,458 copies in 2018.
# Battle of Lier

Battle of Lier may refer to two battles between Sweden and Norway in the Lier entrenchment, Norway:
* Battle of Lier (1808)
* Battle of Lier (1814)
# Imeni Beriya

Imeni Beriya may refer to:
* Shahumyan, Yerevan, Armenia
* Zhdanov, Armavir, Armenia
# Tinderet Constituency

Tinderet Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies of Nandi County (formerly Nandi District). The constituency was established for the 1966 elections. It has recently been delimited to create two new constituencies after the parliamentary approval, the newly created constituencies are Tinderet and Nandi Hills.

## Members of Parliament

| Elections | MP | Party | Notes |
| 1966 | Marie-Jean Seroney | KANU | |
| 1969 | Marie-Jean Seroney | KANU | One-party system |
| 1974 | Marie-Jean Seroney | KANU | One-party system |
| 1976 | Gerald Nathaniel Kalya | KANU | By-elections, One-party system |
| 1979 | Henry Kiprono Kosgey | KANU | One-party system |
| 1983 | Henry Kiprono Kosgey | KANU | One-party system |
| 1988 | Kimaiyo Keronei arap Sego | KANU | One-party system |
| 1992 | Henry Kiprono Kosgey | KANU | |
| 1997 | Henry Kiprono Kosgey | KANU | |
| 2002 | Henry Kiprono Kosgey | KANU | |
| 2007 | Henry Kiprono Kosgey | ODM | |
| 2013-2017 | Julius Kibiwott Melly | URP | under 2010 constitution |
| 2017-2022 | Julius Kibiwott Melly | Jubilee | |

## Wards

| Ward | Area Sq. Km | Registered Voters | Local Authority |
| Soghor / Soba | 192.50 | 39,934 | Tinderet |
| Tinderet | 159.20 | 27,896 | Tinderet |
| Chemelil/Chemase | 140.11 | 12000 | Nandi Hills |
| Kapsimotwa | 161.30 | 17,818 | Nandi Hills |
| Total | 580.90 | 105,044 | Nandi |
| *September 2005. ||||
# TextbookStop

TextbookStop is an online textbook company that offers students the option to either rent textbooks, buy textbooks, or sell textbooks. It was founded in Salt Lake City, Utah in 2008 by Pete Hurtubise and Brian Zilvitis, and is currently one of the primary textbook rental companies in the industry.
An increasing number of higher education students are choosing textbook rentals over more traditional textbook options. As students utilize tools on the Internet to compare textbook prices, many of them are choosing to rent or buy textbooks online rather than turning to their respective on-campus bookstores. Traditionally high textbook prices have been a major factor in the success of similar companies, with even the United States Department of Education investigating high textbook prices.

## Business Model

TextbookStop offers its customers the option to either return their textbooks via mail (similar to a service like Netflix), or via one of TextbookStop's "drop-stops," a local business that accepts textbook returns. The postage for return shipping by mail is included in the rental price.
For students that elect to purchase their textbooks, TextbookStop offers the option of an online textbook buyback service. This online buyback service is similar to the online buyback offerings from other textbook websites. All online textbook buyback services traditionally buy textbooks at higher prices than their brick and mortar counterparts.
# 1663 in England

Events from the year 1663 in England.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles II

## Events

* 10 January – the Royal African Company is granted a Royal Charter.
* February – Parliament pressures King Charles into withdrawing a proposed Declaration of Indulgence.
* 24 March – the colony of Province of Carolina is established in North America.
* 27 March – the gold guinea coin worth one pound sterling (introduced 6 February) is proclaimed legal tender.
* 7 May – opening of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London.
* 8 July – King Charles grants a Royal Charter to the North American Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
* 27 July – Parliament passes the second Navigation Act, requiring all goods bound for the American colonies to be sent in English ships from English ports.
* 21 August – concerned about the wintry weather, Parliament holds an intercessory fast.
* 28 August – severe frost.
* 31 August – Gilbert Sheldon enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
* October – The Farnley Wood Plot to overthrow the monarchy.

### Undated

* Roger L'Estrange appointed Surveyor of the Imprimery and Printing Presses and licenser of the press.

## Births

* 25 February – Pierre Antoine Motteux, translator and dramatist (died 1718)
* 6 March – Francis Atterbury, bishop and man of letters (died 1732)
* 17 May – Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet, Member of Parliament (died 1721)
* 12 July – James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, son of King James II (died 1667)
* 28 September – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, illegitimate son of King Charles II, military commander (died of wounds 1690)
* John Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley of Stratton, admiral (died 1697)
* William Bowyer, printer (died 1737)
* Thomas Emlyn, clergyman (died 1741)
* William King, poet (died 1712)
* George Stepney, poet and diplomat (died 1707)

## Deaths

* 6 January – George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, soldier (born 1585)
* 29 January – Robert Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln (born 1587)
* April – George Fane, Member of Parliament (born c. 1616)
* 2 April – Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland, Member of Parliament (born 1634)
* 4 June – William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1582)
* 25 June – John Bramhall, Archbishop (born 1594)
* 5 July – Samuel Newman, clergy (born 1602)
* 26 August – Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet, Member of Parliament (born 1603)
* Edward Burrough, Quaker (born 1634)
* Cheney Culpeper, alchemist (born 1601)
* Balthazar Gerbier, artist (born 1592, Netherlands)
# Shirley Jones (WRAF officer)

Air Commodore Shirley Ann Jones CBE ADC was director of the Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) from 31 January 1986 to 1989.
# Battle of Brustem

The Battle of Brustem was fought on 28 October 1467 in Brustem, near Sint-Truiden (present-day Belgium) between the Burgundian State and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, as part of the Second Liège War.

## Prelude

In 1465, Philip the Good had won the First Liège War against Prince-Bishop Louis de Bourbon, newly-appointed by himself. This had led to the humiliating Peace of Sint-Truiden. When Philip died in 1467, the people from Liège rose again against the hated Prince-Bishop, who fled the city.
Liège counted on the promised military support from King Louis XI of France, also at war with the new Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold. Charles gathered an army of some 25.000 professional soldiers in Leuven and moved on Liège. Louis XI did nothing.

## Battle

The army of Liège was composed of 12.000 civilians and 500 cavalry. They were commanded by Raes van Heers, his wife Pentecote d'Arkel, and Jean de Wilde, lord of Kessenich.
Raes positioned his troops in the marshy area between Brustem, Sint-Truiden, and Ordingen to do battle. In this way he tried to diminish the effect of the Burgundian artillery. Charles came from the direction of Sint-Truiden, where he left a few thousand men behind, including 500 English archers, to prevent an intervention of the city's garrison.
On 28 October, Charles ordered his vanguard under Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein to attack. Raes commanded his troops to hold position and wait for the arrival of reinforcements, but the militia from Tongeren counter-attacked nevertheless, and drove back the troops of Ravenstein, killing a considerable number of archers. But this was what Charles had been prepared for. His second line was armed with long two-handed swords, ideal for close combat. The Liège militia was quickly stopped in their advance and pushed back, in what soon became a rout. Raes van Heers and the French envoy François Royer, Baillif of Lyon, were amongst the first to flee the battlefield.
The Burgundians killed everybody that fell into their hands. Liège suffered some 4,000 casualties and the rest of the army was only saved by the evening darkness.

## Aftermath

After the battle, Charles moved on Liège and forced the city to surrender on 12 November. The Prince-Bishopric became a Burgundian protectorate under Guy of Humbercourt and all cities in the County of Loon were forced to remove their defences.
# Gabriel Okolosi

Gabriel Okolosi (born 8 July 1974) is a Nigerian former footballer who played in the 1990s. He played mainly in the position as striker, but also as midfielder.

## Football career

Born in Nigeria Okolosi played for Julius Berger F.C and transferred to the Côte d'Ivoire and joined Africa Sports National. He was part of the team that won the Côte d'Ivoire Cup in 1993. He played for Africa Sports for four years before moving to Switzerland.
Okolosi joined FC Basel's first team for their 1995–96 season under head coach Claude Andrey. After playing in one test match Okolosi made his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in the St. Jakob Stadium on 19 July 1995 as Basel won 2–1 against Sion. Okolosi scored his first goal for his club in the home game on 2 August. In fact he scored two goals as Basel won 2–0 against Luzern. Altogether he netted four times, but two of the goals were canceled due to the off-side rule. Head coach used Okolosi in the starting team, often substituting him out. At the end of October Andrey lost his job and was replaced by Karl Engel who changed the team and put Okolosi on the substitutes bench.
This was not to the liking of Okolosi and at the end of the season he moved on. During his time with the club, he played a total of 39 games for Basel scoring a total of five goals. 25 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, four in the Swiss Cup and 10 were friendly games. In all he was substituted out on 13 occasions and in on 19 occasions. He scored two goals in the domestic league, two in the cup and the other was scored during the test games.
In the 1996 offseason Okolosi transferred to BSC Young Boys, but did not get as much playing time as with his former club, so the following summer he moved on again. He played for SV Waldhof Mannheim, where he played the first part on the 1997–98 Regionalliga season. The second half of the season he played for FC Baden in the second tier of Swiss football.
Following these three years in Europe Okolosi moved to Tunisia and joined Espérance Sportive, where he stayed for one season. Then he went on to play for Al-Ahli SC in Libya.
# 1986 Giro di Lombardia

The 1986 Giro di Lombardia was the 80th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 18 October 1986. The race started in Como and finished in Milan. The race was won by Gianbattista Baronchelli of the Del Tongo team.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Gianbattista Baronchelli (ITA) | Del Tongo | 7h 07' 07" |
| 2 | Sean Kelly (IRL) | Kas | + 15" |
| 3 | Phil Anderson (AUS) | Panasonic–Merckx–Agu | + 15" |
| 4 | Leo Schönenberger (SUI) | Dromedario–Laminox | + 15" |
| 5 | Acácio da Silva (POR) | Malvor–Bottecchia–Vaporella | + 15" |
| 6 | Flavio Giupponi (ITA) | Del Tongo | + 15" |
| 7 | Jörg Müller (SUI) | Kas | + 7' 03" |
| 8 | Alfred Achermann (SUI) | Kas | + 7' 34" |
| 9 | Luciano Rabottini (ITA) | Vini Ricordi–Pinarello–Sidermec | + 7' 34" |
| 10 | Niki Rüttimann (SUI) | La Vie Claire | + 7' 34" |
# Xigua

Xigua (西瓜) means watermelon in Chinese. It may also refer to:
# USS Midnight (1861)

USS Midnight was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was planned by the Union Navy for use as a gunboat stationed off Confederate waterways to prevent their trading with foreign countries.

## Service history

Midnight was purchased as Dawn by the Navy at New York City 31 July 1861 and commissioned at New York Navy Yard 19 October 1861, Acting Volunteer Lt. James Trathen in command. Assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron 2 November 1861, Midnight operated primarily along the southwestern coast of Texas, from time to time engaging Confederate coastal batteries as she served the Union blockade. Her faithful performance of duty in an area remote and neglected by war correspondents, illustrates the hardship often suffered by American sailors during the Civil War, in August 1862, as he reported sending Midnight home, Admiral Farragut commented: "The Midnight has been most active on the west coast of Texas and has been now constantly on blockade 9 months, during which time she has only had fresh provision 24 days ... Forty cases of scurvy, and dysentery [make it] impossible for such a crew to recruit in this climate."
Overhauled and her crew restored to health, Midnight arrived Port Royal, South Carolina, 16 October for service in the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. For almost 2 years she continued this duty, a strong link in the chain which the Union Navy had forged and was drawing ever tighter around the Confederacy. On 3 February 1864 she captured British schooner Defy off Doboy Light, Georgia, sailing from Nassau to Beaufort, North Carolina with a cargo of salt for the South. Midnight was ordered to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2 August for repairs. Midnight's last tour of duty took her to the East Gulf Blockading Squadron early in the fall. Besides serving in the blockade, she from time to time sent landing parties ashore in the vicinity of St. Andrews Bay, to gather information and to destroy Confederate resources.
Salt works were Midnight's favorite targets. Vast quantities of salt were needed by the South to preserve meat, fish and other perishable foods; to cure hides; and to bolster the Southern munitions industry. The Union Navy's systematic attacks on salt works seriously impaired the Confederacy's ability to remain at war. Midnight's most successful expedition began 1 February when a party landed at St. Andrews Bay. Three days later they returned to the ship, after destroying beyond repair several large salt plants and dumping tons of the precious chemical into the sea. Midnight served at St. Andrews Bay through the end of the war. She sailed north early in July and was sold at public auction in Boston, Massachusetts, to C. H. Miller 1 November 1865.
# 2012 Royal Trophy

The 2012 Royal Trophy was the sixth edition of the Royal Trophy, a team golf event contested between teams representing Asia and Europe. It was held from 14–16 December at the Empire Hotel and Country Club in Jerudong, Brunei. After the two teams tied 8–8, Asia won a sudden-death playoff. Kim Kyung-tae and Yang Yong-eun faced Nicolas Colsaerts and Francesco Molinari in a four-ball match, with Kim's birdie giving Asia the win on the first hole.

## Teams

| Asia | Asia | Europe | Europe |
| Player | Country | Player | Country |
| Naomichi "Joe" Ozaki Non-playing captain | Japan | | |
| Kiradech Aphibarnrat | Thailand | José María Olazábal Playing captain | Spain |
| Bae Sang-moon | South Korea | Nicolas Colsaerts | Belgium |
| Yoshinori Fujimoto | Japan | Gonzalo Fernández-Castaño | Spain |
| Ryo Ishikawa | Japan | Miguel Ángel Jiménez | Spain |
| Kim Kyung-tae | South Korea | Edoardo Molinari | Italy |
| Jeev Milkha Singh | India | Francesco Molinari | Italy |
| Wu Ashun | China | Marcel Siem | Germany |
| Yang Yong-eun | South Korea | Henrik Stenson | Sweden |

## Schedule

* 14 December (Friday) Foursomes x 4
* 15 December (Saturday) Four-ball x 4
* 16 December (Sunday) Singles x 8

## Friday's matches (foursomes)

| Asia | Results | Europe |
| Fujimoto/Wu | 2 & 1 | Molinari/Molinari |
| Aphibarnrat/Singh | 1 up | Colsaerts/Siem |
| Bae/Ishikawa | 5 & 4 | Stenson/Fdez-Castaño |
| Kim/Yang | halved | Jiménez/Olazábal |
| ½ | Session | 3½ |
| ½ | Overall | 3½ |
Source:

## Saturday's matches (four-ball)

| Asia | Results | Europe |
| Aphibarnrat/Singh | halved | Jiménez/Olazábal |
| Bae/Wu | halved | Colsaerts/Siem |
| Kim/Yang | 2 & 1 | Fdez-Castaño/Stenson |
| Fujimoto/Ishikawa | 3 & 2 | Molinari/Molinari |
| 3 | Session | 1 |
| 3½ | Overall | 4½ |
Source:

## Sunday's matches (singles)

| Asia | Results | Europe |
| Aphibarnrat | halved | Olazábal |
| Bae | 1 up | Colsaerts |
| Kim | halved | Fdez-Castaño |
| Fujimoto | 1 up | Siem |
| Wu | halved | E. Molinari |
| Singh | 1 up | Jiménez |
| Ishikawa | 1 up | Stenson |
| Yang | 2 & 1 | F. Molinari |
| 4½ | Session | 3½ |
| 8 | Overall | 8 |
# 1989 Bulgarian Cup final

The 1989 Bulgarian Cup final was played at the Slavi Aleksiev Stadium in Pleven on 24 May 1989, and was contested between the sides of CSKA Sofia and Chernomorets Burgas. The match was won by CSKA.

## Match
### Details

| CSKA | Chernomorets |
CSKA: :
| GK | 1 | Iliya Valov | 71' |
| DF | 2 | Nedyalko Mladenov |
| DF | 3 | Trifon Ivanov |
| DF | 4 | Krasimir Bezinski |
| DF | 5 | Georgi Dimitrov (c) |
| MF | 6 | Kostadin Yanchev |
| FW | 7 | Emil Kostadinov |
| FW | 8 | Hristo Stoichkov |
| MF | 9 | Lachezar Tanev | 71' |
| MF | 10 | Ivaylo Kirov |
| MF | 11 | Georgi Georgiev |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | | Rumen Apostolov | 71' |
| FW | | Petar Vitanov | 71' |
| Manager: |||
| Dimitar Penev ||||
Chernomorets: :
| GK | 1 | Lyubomir Sheytanov (c) |
| DF | 2 | Ivan Yovchev |
| DF | 3 | Stoyan Pumpalov |
| DF | 4 | Stoyan Stoyanov |
| DF | 5 | Krasimir Kostov |
| MF | 6 | Zlatko Yankov |
| MF | 7 | Diyan Petkov | 61' |
| MF | 8 | Atanas Manushev | 66' |
| FW | 9 | Vladimir Stoyanov |
| MF | 10 | Nikolay Rusev |
| MF | 11 | Simeon Chilibonov |
| Substitutes: |||
| MF | | Zhivko Kelepov | 61' |
| FW | | Lyubomir Lyubenov | 66' |
| Manager: |||
| Evgeni Yanchovski ||||
# Khan family

Khan family may refer to:
* Bahram Khan family
* Family of Imran Khan
* Family of Adil Khan
* Family tree of Genghis Khan
* Salim Khan family
* Khizr and Ghazala Khan, who spoke at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in the United States
* Khan family (squash), Pakistani family of squash players
# Jonathan Tyler

Jonathan Tyler is a Green Party activist and academic.
Tyler was an early parliamentary candidate for the Ecology Party, in the 1976 Walsall North by-election, at a time when he was a transport lecturer at the University of Birmingham. He was the Ecology Party's Chairman for some years from 1976.
Tyler would later go on to stand as a candidate in local elections. During the 1980s he was associated with attempts by the 'Maingreen' group to streamline the Green Party's internal workings. He subsequently left the Green Party, but rejoined some years later.
Tyler joined British Rail as a Traffic Apprentice in 1962. He became a British Rail-sponsored university lecturer and since 2000 has run a consultancy called Passenger Transport Networks. He has specialised in making the case for the importance of integrated strategic timetabling, drawing in particular on the Swiss Taktfahrplan methodology. The Taktfahrplan is based on repeating hourly cycles where trains meet at hubs around symmetry minutes (normally xx.00 and xx.30) to optimise connections in all directions. To create an optimal 'Taktfahrplan' system, infrastructure must be designed with the network timetable in mind. The 'Taktfahrplan' aims to create notions of convenience and accessibility to encourage people to use public transport. Tyler has argued for a National Timetabling Authority to plan an integrated strategic timetable. Tyler has critiqued High Speed 2 from a "green" perspective, and has written about the implications a "green" agenda should have for railway timetabling.
He chaired the York Environment Forum until 2010. |As a prominent member of York Green Party he was its Parliamentary Candidate for York Central in 2015, winning 10% of the vote.
# Elki Guernama

Elki Guernama is a lake in Niger, Bilma Department.

## Sources

* Map E-33-VII
* This Niger location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Hugo Frey (musician)

Hugo Frey (26 August 1873 – 13 February 1952) was an American pianist, violinist, composer, songwriter, conductor, and arranger. He was a prolific editor for piano sheet music, the primary audience being the "living room" pianist, providing simplified arrangements of some of the more difficult pieces.
In the 1920s he was pianist with The Troubadours and led and arranged for the Manhattan Merrymakers, and was "a prolific piano roll editor".
In 1921 Swiss classical pianist Rudolph Ganz described Frey as "the best of the composers of so-called bad music, and therefore preferable to the bad composers of so-called good music".
# Adexia

Adexia is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901.
The species in the genus are:
* Adexia columbica Ossiannilsson, 1940
* Adexia erminia (Fowler, 1900)
* Adexia fowleri Melichar, 1901
* Adexia melanoneura Melichar, 1901
# 1986 Goldstar Cologne

The 1986 Goldstar Cologne, also known as the Cologne Grand Prix, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Cologne, West Germany that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 11th and last edition of the tournament and was held from 31 March through 6 April 1986. Unseeded Jonas Svensson won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Jonas Svensson defeated Stefan Eriksson 6–7, 6–2, 6–2
* It was Svensson's first singles title of his career.

### Doubles

Kelly Evernden / Chip Hooper defeated Jan Gunnarsson / Peter Lundgren 6–4, 6–7, 6–3