OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1948 Alma Scots football team

The 1948 Alma Scots football team was an American football team that represented the Alma College as a member of the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) during the 1948 college football season. In their third year under head coach Steve Sebo, the Scots compiled an 8–0 record (5–0 in conference games), won the MIAA championship, and outscored opponents by a tota of to . The team was inducted into the Alma Hall of Fame in 1972.
The highlight of the season was a come-from-behind, upset victory over Hillsdale featuring two fourth-quarter touchdowns. The victory broke Hillsdale's 17-game winning streak.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | Detroit Tech | Robinson FieldDetroit, MI | W 25–6 | |
| October 1 | Ferris Institute | Alma, MI | W 15–6 | |
| October 8 | Hillsdale | Alma, MI | W 20–18 | |
| October 16 | at Albion | Albion, MI | W 13–7 | |
| October 23 | Kalamazoo | Alma, MI | W 20–0 | |
| October 29 | Grand Rapids JC | Alma, MI | W 27–0 | |
| November 6 | at Adrian | Adrian, MI | W 25–7 | 2,000 |
| November 13 | at Hope | Holland, MI | W 25–13 | |
# 1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol

1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) is an organic compound that is often used as a ligand for transition-metal catalysed asymmetric synthesis. BINOL has axial chirality and the two enantiomers can be readily separated and are stable toward racemisation. The specific rotation of the two enantiomers is 35.5° (c = 1 in THF), with the R enantiomer being the dextrorotary one. BINOL is a precursor for another chiral ligand called BINAP. The volumetric mass density of the two enantiomers is 0.62 g cm$^{−3}$.

## Preparation

The organic synthesis of BINOL is not a challenge as such but the preparation of the individual enantiomers is.
(S)-BINOL can be prepared directly from an asymmetric oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol with copper(II) chloride. The chiral ligand in this reaction is (S)-(+)-amphetamine.
Racemic BINOL can also be produced using iron(III) chloride as an oxidant. The mechanism involves complexation of iron(III) into the hydroxyl, followed by a radical coupling reaction of the naphthol rings initiated by iron(III) reducing into iron(II).
Optically active BINOL can also be obtained from racemic BINOL by optical resolution. In one method, the alkaloid N-benzylcinchonidinium chloride forms a crystalline inclusion compound. The inclusion compound of the (S)-enantiomer is soluble in acetonitrile but that of the (R)-enantiomer is not. In another method BINOL is esterified with pentanoyl chloride. The enzyme cholesterol esterase hydrolyses the (S)-diester but not the (R)-diester. The (R)-dipentanoate is hydrolysed in a second step with sodium methoxide. The third method employs HPLC with chiral stationary phases.

## BINOL derivatives

Aside from the starting materials derived directly from the chiral pool, (R)- and (S)-BINOL in high enantiopurity (>99% enantiomeric excess) are two of the most inexpensive sources of chirality for organic synthesis, costing less than US$0.60 per gram when purchased in bulk from chemical suppliers. As a consequence, it serves as an important starting material for other sources of chirality for stereoselective synthesis, both stoichiometric and substoichiometric (catalytic).
Many important chiral ligands are constructed from the binaphthyl scaffold and ultimately derived from BINOL as a starting material, BINAP being one of the most well known and important.
The compound aluminium lithium bis(binaphthoxide) (ALB) is prepared by reaction of BINOL with lithium aluminium hydride. In a different stoichiometric ratio (1:1 BINOL/LiAlH$_4$ instead of 2:1), the chiral reducing agent BINAL (lithium dihydrido(binaphthoxy)aluminate) is produced.
It has been employed in an asymmetric Michael reaction with cyclohexenone and dimethyl malonate:
# Koontz

Koontz may refer to:
* Koontz (surname)
* Koontz Lake, Indiana, a census-designated place in the U.S.
* Koontz House (disambiguation) – multiple buildings
* Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District, a 2013 United States Supreme Court case
# 1954 Ashland Eagles football team

The 1954 Ashland Eagles football team was an American football team that represented Ashland University as a member of the Mid-Ohio League (MOL) during the 1954 college football season. In their first year under head coach Robert Brownson, the Eagles compiled a perfect 7–0 record (4–0 in conference games), won the MOL championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 119 to 28.
The team played its home games at Myers Field and Redwood Stadium in Ashland, Ohio.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | Kenyon | Myers FieldAshland, OH | W 40–0 | 4,000 |
| October 2 | at Ohio Northern | Ada, OH | W 13–0 | |
| October 9 | Slippery Rock | Redwood StadiumAshland, OH | W 21–6 | 3,500 |
| October 16 | Indiana Central | Myers FieldAshland, OH | W 6–0 | 2,500 |
| October 23 | Bluffton | Myers FieldAshland, OH | W 7–0 | 5,000 |
| October 30 | Findlay | Myers FieldAshland, OH | W 19–13 | 3,500 |
| November 6 | at Defiance | Defiance, OH | W 13–9 | |
| Homecoming ||||||
# Kodemzoaga

Kodemzoaga is a village in the Bittou Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the village has a population of 594.
# 10th ACTRA Awards

The 10th ACTRA Awards were presented on April 3, 1981, and hosted by Gordon Pinsent.

## Television

| Best Television Program | Best Television Actor |
| The Canadian Establishment: "Store Wars" and "Ten Toronto Street" A Gift to Last The Hanga Shore | Al Waxman, The Winnings of Frankie Walls Lawrence Dane, A Question of the Sixth Dixie Seatle, A Population of One |
| Best Continuing TV Performance | Best Supporting TV Performance |
| Don Francks, The Phoenix Team Elizabeth Shepherd, The Phoenix Team Kim Yaroshevskaya, Home Fires | Mary Pirie, Lyon's Den Helen Burns, Today I Am a Fountain Pen Sonja Smits, War Brides |
| Best New Performer | Best TV Variety Performance |
| Lally Cadeau, Harvest Wendy Crewson, War Brides Allan Levson, Today I Am a Fountain Pen | Dinah Christie, D.C. and Friends Jeff Hyslop, Dancin' Man Johnny Wayne and Frank Shuster, Wayne and Shuster Superspecial |
| Best Television Host or Interviewer | Best Writing, Television Drama |
| Patrick Watson, The Canadian Establishment: "Store Wars" Eric Malling, The Fifth Estate Sherv Shragge, Shragge's Journal | Grahame Woods, War Brides Rob Forsyth, Harvest Tony Sheer, Maintain the Right |
| Best Writing, Television Comedy/Variety | Best Writing, Television Public Affairs |
| Roger Abbott, Dave Broadfoot, Don Ferguson, Gord Holtam, John Morgan and Rick Olsen, Royal Canadian Air Farce Ted Barris and Alex Barris, A Little Part of Canada Charles Weir, Guy Shulman, Mark Shekter and Robert Sandler, Dancin' Man | Ted Remerowski, The Canadian Establishment: "Store Wars" Les Nirenberg, Man Alive: "City of Love" Peter Pearson, The Canadian Establishment: "The Chairman" |

## Radio

| Best Radio Program | Best Radio Host |
| Sunday Morning Africa Week Morningside: "War Measures" A Salzburg Diary | Bronwyn Drainie and Patrick Martin, Sunday Morning Don Harron, Morningside Jacqueline Toupin, Keewatin Country |
| Best Radio Actor | Best Radio Variety Performance |
| Zoe Caldwell, Fifth Business Douglas Campbell, The Life of Galileo Martha Henry, Memoir | Linden Soles, 60 Minutes with a Bullet: The Decade Bill Buck, Norm Grohmann, Marla Gropper and Bill Reiter, Dr. Bundolo's Pandemonium Medicine Show Gene Di Novi, Morningside: "Cole Porter" |
| Best Writing, Radio Drama | Best Writing, Radio Variety |
| Sharon Pollock, Sweet Land of Liberty John Murrell, Memoir Jim Nichol, Biko | Linden Soles, 60 Minutes with a Bullet: The Decade Erika Ritter, Morningside: "Invasion of the Stewardesses" Dan Thatchuk, Dr. Bundolo's Pandemonium Medicine Show |
| Best Writing, Radio Public Affairs |
| Harry Rasky, Africa Week Naomi Diamond, Open Circuit: The Handicapped Child Lilian Garson, Growing Up in the Coke Ovens |

## Journalism and special awards

| Gordon Sinclair Award | Foster Hewitt Award |
| Eric Malling Harry J. Boyle Charles Templeton | Jim Robson Dave Hodge Bernie Pascall |
| John Drainie Award |
| Frances Hyland |
# 1594 in India

Events from the year 1594 in India.

## Events

* Korlai Fort, Maharashtra largely destroyed by the Portuguese
# 11133 Kumotori

11133 Kumotori (provisional designation 1996 XY) is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 2 December 1996, by Japanese amateur astronomer Takao Kobayashi at his Ōizumi Observatory. The asteroid was named after Mount Kumotori near Tokyo. It has a rotation period of 4.6 hours.

## Orbit and classification

Kumotori is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.6–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,690 days; semi-major axis of 2.786 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed at Palomar Observatory in March 1989. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Oizumi.

## Physical characteristics

Kumotori has been characterized as a rare L-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS' survey. It is also assumed to be a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

### Rotation period

In April 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Kumotori was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.634 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.33 magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 8.96 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.97.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Mount Kumotori (雲取山 Kumotori-san). With an altitude of 2,017 metres (6,617 ft), it is the highest peak in the Tokyo metropolitan area, located at the boundary between Tokyo and Saitama and considered to be one of the 100 most celebrated mountains of Japan. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 9 November 2003 (M.P.C. 50251).
# 1954 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship

The 1954 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 60th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.
On 10 October 1954, Slieverue won the championship after a 6–05 to 4–03 defeat of Tullaroan in the final. It was their first ever championship title. It remains their only championship title.
# 1958 French Championships (tennis)

The 1958 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 20 May until 31 May. It was the 62nd staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1958. Mervyn Rose and Zsuzsi Körmöczy won the singles titles.

## Finals
### Men's singles

Mervyn Rose defeated Luis Ayala 6–3, 6–4, 6–4

### Women's singles

Zsuzsa Körmöczy (HUN) defeated Shirley Bloomer (GBR) 6–4, 1–6, 6–2

### Men's doubles

Ashley Cooper / Neale Fraser defeated Bob Howe / Abe Segal 3–6, 8–6, 6–3, 7–5

### Women's doubles

Rosie Reyes / Yola Ramírez defeated Mary Bevis Hawton / Thelma Coyne Long 6–4, 7–5

### Mixed doubles

Shirley Bloomer / Nicola Pietrangeli defeated Lorraine Coghlan / Bob Howe 8–6, 6–2
# Korlingen

Korlingen is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
# 1956 Titleholders Championship

The 1956 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 8–11 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 17th edition of the Titleholders Championship.
This event was won by Louise Suggs.

## Final leaderboard

| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money ($) |
| 1 | Louise Suggs | 78-75-75-74=302 | +14 | 900 |
| 2 | Patty Berg | 79-77-73-74=303 | +15 | 675 |
| T3 | Betsy Rawls | 79-75-72-80=306 | +18 | 445 |
| T3 | Mickey Wright | 80-79-74-73=306 | +18 | 445 |
| 5 | Betty Jameson | 80-74-77-78=309 | +21 | 405 |
| T6 | Mary Lena Faulk | 82-79-74-76=311 | +23 | 338 |
| T6 | Beverly Hanson | 84-75-75-77=311 | +23 | 338 |
| T8 | Fay Crocker | 92-70-76-75=313 | +25 | 248 |
| T8 | Marlene Hagge | 78-80-79-76=313 | +25 | 248 |
| T10 | Vonnie Colby | 80-79-78-78=315 | +27 | 113 |
| T10 | Joyce Ziske | 83-82-77-73=315 | +27 | 113 |
# Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen

The Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen (Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities), located on the east side of the Spaarne in downtown Haarlem, Netherlands, was established in 1752 and is the oldest society for the sciences in the country. The society has been housed in its present location, called Hodshon Huis, since 1841. Nearby the society is the Teylers Museum, a closely related museum of natural history founded in 1784. In 2002, the society was awarded the predicate "Royal" when it celebrated 250 years of science studies.

## History of the society and museum

The society started as a gentleman's club that met in the Haarlem City Hall to discuss science topics and promote the study of the arts and sciences. They pooled resources to purchase books and specimens for study, which were kept in the town hall until they purchased a building on the Grote Houtstraat (nr. 51, since unrecognizably rebuilt), where the curator of the collection lived. Under the direction of Martin van Marum, a proper museum was established with zoological specimens located there on display for the public, as a forerunner of the modern Naturalis in Leiden. Van Marum also kept a small garden for public viewing in the summer months, filled with special plants, located in the Bakkerstraat. The museum fell out of favor after Van Marum's death, and it was dissolved in 1866.

## Hodshon House

The house was built in 1794 by the architect Abraham van der Hart for Catharina Cornelia Hodshon, a wealthy heiress and regentess of the Wijnbergshofje. After she died, the house came into the hands of the Amsterdam banker Adriaan van der Hoop, and it was purchased for the society in 1841. The original mission of the society included research as well as education. There are many awards, prizes, and collaborative initiatives that are kept up by the society. Membership is by invitation only, and the historical building is open by appointment only. Today the building is owned by the nl:Vereniging Hendrick de Keyser.
# 1948 in Norwegian music

The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1948 in Norwegian music.

## Events

* Egil Monn-Iversen initiated the song group "The Monn Keys" (1948–1964).

## Births
### January

* 29 – Espen Rud, jazz drummer, composer, and music arranger.

### March

* 1 – Konrad Kaspersen, jazz upright bassist.
* 1 – Hans Rotmo, singer and songwriter, Vømmøl Spellmannslag.
* 19 – Henning Gravrok, jazz saxophonist and music teacher.
* 24 – Frode Gjerstad, jazz saxophonist.
* 26 – Kåre Jostein Simonsen, bandoneonist.

### May

* 1 – Carl Morten Iversen, jazz upright bassist (died 2023).

### June

* 17 – Hege Tunaal, folk singer.

### October

* 4 – Steinar Ofsdal, flautist and composer.
* 22 – Håkon Austbø, classical pianist.
* 29 – Audun Tylden, record producer (died 2011)
* 31 – Knut Buen, fiddler, composer, folklorist, and publisher.

### November

* 22 – Jens Harald Bratlie, pianist.

### December

* 22 – Stein Ove Berg, singer and songwriter (died 2002).
# 1659 in China

Events from the year 1659 in the Qing dynasty.

## Events

* At the behest of Hong Chengchou, the Qing court grants Wu Sangui own fiefdom, effectively gaining all civilian and military control in Yunnan province.
# Konkola

Konkola is an area in Chililabombwe District, Copperbelt Province, Zambia, just south-west of the Kasumbalesa border with DR Congo. It has large copper reserves.

## Konkola Copper Mines

Konkola Copper Mines established a major mine in the area; it is now controlled by Vedanta.

## Konkola North

A new mine was started at Chililabombwe in October 2010; it is a joint venture between Vale and African Rainbow Minerals. Production is expected to reach 45000 tons of copper concentrate per year. Vale expects to export copper by rail through Mozambique.
# 1762 in science

The year 1762 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Biology

* Charles Bonnet's Considerations sur les corps organisées is published in Amsterdam, synthesising current knowledge of cell biology and presenting his theory of palingenesis, intended to refute the theory of epigenesis.
* Courses begin at the first veterinary school, established by Claude Bourgelat in Lyon.

## Mathematics

* September – Society for Equitable Assurances on Lives and Survivorships is established in London, pioneering mutual insurance using a method of actuarial science devised by mathematician James Dodson.
* Joseph-Louis Lagrange discovers the divergence theorem.

## Pharmacology

* Antoine Baumé publishes his textbook Éléments de pharmacie théorique et pratique in Paris.

## Physics

* Joseph Black first makes known his discoveries on latent heat, in Glasgow.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Not awarded

## Births

* April 10 – Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (died 1834)
* November 20 – Pierre André Latreille, French zoologist (died 1833)

## Deaths

* February 20 – Tobias Mayer, German astronomer (born 1723)
* March 21 – Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (born 1713)
* June 13 – Dorothea Erxleben, German physician (born 1715)
* July 10 – Jan Frederik Gronovius, Dutch botanist (born 1690)
* July 13 – James Bradley, English Astronomer Royal (born 1693)
* July 30 – William Braikenridge, English clergyman and geometer (born 1700)
# 1668 in China

Events from the year 1668 in China.

## Incumbents

* Kangxi Emperor (7th year)
** Regents — Ebilun and Oboi

### Viceroys

* Viceroy of Zhili, Shandong and Henan — Zhu Changzuo (–January 8), Bai Bingzhen (January 27–)
* Viceroy of Zhejiang — Zhao Tingchen
* Viceroy of Fujian — Zhang Chaolin
* Viceroy of Huguang — Zhang Changgeng, Liu Zhaoqi
* Viceroy of Shan-Shaan — Moluo
* Viceroy of Liangguang — Zhou Youde, Jin Guangzu
* Viceroy of Yun-Gui — Bian Sanyuan, Gan Wenkun
* Viceroy of Sichuan (Chuan-Hu) — Liu Zhaoqi
* Viceroy of Liangjiang — Lang Tingzuo (– December 17)
* ↑ post is abolished and merged into authority of the Viceroy of Sichuan, with the combined name Viceroy of Chuan-Hu

## Events

* The Qing government decreed a prohibition of non-Eight Banner people getting into Northeast China. Han Chinese were banned from settling in this region but the rule was openly violated and Han Chinese became a majority in urban areas by the early 19th century.
* Tianhou Temple (Anping) built in Taiwan
* July 25 — 50,000+ killed in the 8.5 magnitude 1668 Tancheng earthquake in Shandong
* The contents of the national treasury totals 14,930,000 taels
* The Qing revoke the trading privileges of the Dutch
* The Imperial Edict banning footbinding is revoked when determined to be unenforceable
* Sino-Russian border conflicts

## Births

* Imperial Noble Consort Quehui (1668 – 24 April 1743), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan, was a consort of the Kangxi Emperor

## Deaths

* Fang Weiyi (1585-1668, 方維儀) a Chinese poet, calligrapher, painter and literature historian
# 1668 in England

Events from the year 1668 in England.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles II

## Events

* 17 January – George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, fights a duel with Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury (with whose wife he was having an affair) in which the latter is fatally wounded and a second is killed.
* 23 January – England signs the Triple Alliance with the Dutch Republic and Sweden.
* 13 February – Charles II mediates a peace treaty between Spain and Portugal.
* 13 April – John Dryden becomes Poet Laureate.
* April (traditional date) – Actress Nell Gwyn becomes the King's mistress.
* 7 May – Queen Catherine miscarries.
* May – The King's former mistress, Barbara Castlemaine, leaves the Court and is pensioned.
* 21 September – The British East India Company takes over Bombay under a Royal Charter of 27 March.
* December – William Penn imprisoned for nearly 8 months in the Tower of London for writing a pamphlet attacking Trinitarian doctrine.

### Undated

* The Forest of Dean is re-established as a royal forest.
* Isaac Newton builds the first reflecting telescope (Newton's reflector)
* Richard Duckworth's Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing, the first work on change ringing, is compiled and published complete by Fabian Stedman in London.
* George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, probably originates the field sport of organised fox hunting in England with The Bilsdale Hunt in Yorkshire.
* 1668 or 1669 – James, Duke of York, the heir to the throne, secretly takes Eucharist in the Roman Catholic Church.

## Births

* November (baptised) – Thomas Woolston, deist (died 1733)
* December (baptised) – Sarah Fyge Egerton, poet (died 1723)
* John Eccles, composer (died 1735)
* Approximate date
** Thomas Archer, baroque architect (died 1743)
** John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett (died 1743)

## Deaths

* 21 February – John Thurloe, Puritan spy (born 1616)
* 16 March – Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury (born 1623)
* 7 April – Sir William Davenant, poet (born 1606)
* 19 September – Sir William Waller, English Civil War general (born c. 1635)
* 17 November – Joseph Alleine, English non–conformist preacher (born 1634)
* probable date – Daniel Blagrave, Member of Parliament (born 1603)
# Susanne Schwendtner

Susanne Schwendtner is an Austrian para table tennis player.
She represented Austria at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States and she won two medals: the gold medal in the Women's Singles 5 event and one of the bronze medals in the Women's Open 1–5 event.
# 17th Iranian Majlis

The 17th Iranian Majlis was a legislative assembly with a term beginning on April 25, 1952.
Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was removed from power in a coup on 19 August 1953, organised and carried out by the CIA at the request of the British MI6 which chose Iranian General Fazlollah Zahedi to succeed Mosaddegh.
The 17th Majlis was ultimately dissolved by Mohammad Reza Shah.
# Susan Paddon

Susan Paddon is a Canadian poet. Her debut collection Two Tragedies in 429 Breaths, published in 2015, was a finalist for the Raymond Souster Award and the ReLit Award for Poetry, and won the J. M. Abraham Poetry Award.
Originally from St. Thomas, Ontario, she attended McGill University and Concordia University in Montreal. She currently resides in Margaree, Nova Scotia.