OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hartvig Lassen

Hartvig Marcus Lassen (9 August 1824 – 9 August 1897) was a Norwegian editor, educator and literary historian.

## Personal life

He was born in Bergen, Norway as a son of police chief and burgomaster Albert Lassen (1783–1860) and his wife Abigael Vogt Monrad (1792–1861). He was a nephew of professor Christian Lassen (1800–1876). He attended Bergen Cathedral School and graduated from the University of Christiania in 1843.

## Career

From 1852, he was a teacher at Hartvig Nissen School in Christiania (now Oslo). He edited the magazines Skilling-Magazin from 1857 to 1891, Folkevennen from 1868 to 1897 and Folkebladet from 1891 to 1896. He was also known for publishing the complete works of Henrik Wergeland, in nine volumes between 1852 and 1857. In 1866 he issued the biography Henrik Wergeland og hans Samtid. This was the first Wergeland biography. Lassen portrayed Wergeland as a wordsmith first and foremost, not as a liberal political figure.
Lassen died during 1897 in Christiania and was buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund. In 1915, the Hartvig Lassens medalje was established at the University of Oslo for outstanding literary dissertations. The first medals will be awarded in 1919 and the last in 1933.
# 1983 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay

The 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium on August 13 and August 14.

## Medals

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| East Germany Kerstin Walther Sabine Busch Marita Koch Dagmar Rübsam | Czechoslovakia Tatána Kocembová Milena Matějkovičová Zuzana Moravčíková Jarmila Kratochvílová | Soviet Union Yelena Korban Marina Ivanova Irina Baskakova Mariya Pinigina |

## Records

Existing records at the start of the event.
| World record | East Germany (GDR) | 3:19.04 | Athens, Greece | September 11, 1982 |
| Championship record | New event | New event | New event | New event |

## Results
### Heats

All times shown are in minutes.
* AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)
* DNS = did not start | DQ = disqualification | NM = no mark (i.e. no valid result) | Q = qualification by place in heat | q = qualification by overall place

#### Heat 1

* United States (Roberta Belle, Easter Gabriel, Rosalyn Bryant, Denean Howard) 3:26.82 Q
* Canada (Charmaine Crooks, Jillian Richardson, Molly Killingbeck, Marita Payne) 3:27.21 Q
* Czechoslovakia (Milena Matějkovičová, Zuzana Moravčíková, Taťána Kocembová, Jarmila Kratochvílová) 3:27.60 Q
* West Germany (Rita Daimer, Ute Thimm, Gisela Gottwald, Gaby Bußmann) 3:29.70 q
* Romania (Iulia Radu, Daniela Matei, Cristieana Cojocaru, Elena Lina) 3:30.96 q

#### Heat 2

* Soviet Union (Yelena Korban, Marina Ivanova, Irina Baskakova, Mariya Pinigina) 3:28.77 Q
* East Germany (Kerstin Walther, Undine Bremer, Ellen Fiedler, Sabine Busch) 3:29.05 Q
* Bulgaria (Svobodka Damyanova, Rositsa Stamenova, Katya Ilieva, Galina Penkova) 3:31.11 Q
* Jamaica (Cathy Rattray, Ovrill Dwyer-Brown, Jacqueline Pusey, Grace Jackson) 3:34.17
* Puerto Rico (Madeline De Jesus, Vilma Paris, Margaret De Jesus, Nilsa Paris) 3:42.79

### Final

* East Germany (Kerstin Walther, Sabine Busch, Marita Koch, Dagmar Rübsam) 3:19.73
* Czechoslovakia (Taťána Kocembová, Milena Matějkovičová, Zuzana Moravčíková, Jarmila Kratochvílová) 3:20.32
* Soviet Union (Yelena Korban, Marina Ivanova, Irina Baskakova, Mariya Pinigina) 3:21.16
* Canada (Charmaine Crooks, Jillian Richardson, Molly Killingbeck, Marita Payne) 3:27.41
* United States (Roberta Belle, Easter Gabriel, Rosalyn Bryant, Denean Howard) 3:27.57
* West Germany (Rita Daimer, Ute Thimm, Gisela Gottwald, Gaby Bußmann) 3:29.43
* Bulgaria (Svobodka Damyanova, Rositsa Stamenova, Katya Ilieva, Galina Penkova) 3:30.36
* Romania (Iulia Radu, Daniela Matei, Cristieana Cojocaru, Elena Lina) 3:35.61
# King Maker III

King Maker III (Chinese: 全民造星III) is a 2020 Hong Kong survival reality show on ViuTV as third season of King Maker series [zh], accepting both male and female debuted artists or appearing in TV show before as contestants. The contestants include former girl group As One member Kira Chan [zh] (Wai Suen), boy group E-kids [zh] member Alan Lam, actor Zeno Koo, singers Mischa Ip [zh] and Karen Kong. It aired from 2 November to 26 December 2020, with Ben Chiu [zh] being the champion, Kira Chan being the first runner-up, Ansonbean being the second runner-up, and Cloud Wan receiving the most votes by audiences in final.

## Aftermath

Eight contestants from the competition, including Chiu, Kira Chan, Ansonbean, Manson Cheung [zh], Wan, Chase Chan [zh] (CY), Koo and Terence Ng, debuted as soloists after the competition. Ip, who debuted in 2013, gained popularity after the show and saved her music career.
Two contestants from the competition, Gloria Cheung [zh] and Alina Lee [zh], signed to ViuTV after the competition.
# Skyrunning

Skyrunning is a sport of mountain running above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where the minimum average incline is 6% over the total distance and at least 5% has an incline of 30% or more. The climbing difficulty does not exceed II grade UIAA. Poles, crampons, and hands may be used to aid progress. The governing body is the International Skyrunning Federation.
The sport comprises a number of different disciplines from the short, steep Vertical Kilometer to the more popular SkyRace and SkyMarathon. Ultra SkyMarathons are becoming increasingly popular as are short vertical SkySpeed races which include skyscraper racing.

## History

The idea of skyrunning came from Italian mountaineer Marino Giacometti and a handful of fellow climbers. They pioneered races on Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa in the early 1990s. In 1993, with the support of the Fila sportswear company, skyrunning took off across the world's mountain ranges reaching from the Alps to the Himalayas, to Mount Kenya and the Mexican volcanoes.
In 1995, the Federation for Sport at Altitude (FSA) was founded to address the need for rules to govern the sport and generally manage this fast-growing discipline, which today counts some 200 races worldwide with around 50,000 participants from 65 countries.
The first 10 years of skyrunning history was spent studying the limits of human performance at high altitudes. This was done through the Peak Performance Project, coordinated by Dr. Giulio Sergio Roi, which involved several researchers and has led to the publication of numerous scientific articles.

## International Skyrunning Federation

Today, the sport is managed by the International Skyrunning Federation, formed in 2008 by the board and members of the FSA and founding nations. The principal aims of the ISF are the direction, regulation, promotion, development, and furtherance of skyrunning and similar multisport activities on a worldwide basis. ISF sanctions the Skyrunner World Series.

## Skyrunning disciplines

The three main disciplines are Sky, SkyUltra, and Vertical. Those are the disciplines contested at the Skyrunning World Championships and Skyrunning Continental Championships. More disciplines are under the ISF regulations:
| Discipline | Distance | Vertical climb (minimum) | Extra info |
| Sky | 20–49 km | 1,200 m | - |
| SkyUltra | 50–99 km | 3,000 m | under 16 hours finishing time |
| Vertical | max 5 km | 1,000 m | minimum average incline must be 20% and 5% of the total distance must be over 33%; double or triple Vertical are also considered |
| SkySpeed | max 500 m | 100 m | minimum of 33% incline |
| Stair Climbing | - | 100 m | races with an incline of over 45% on stairs indoors or outdoors |

## Skyrunning competitions

   * Skyrunning World Championships
Annual world championship.
* Skyrunning European Championships
Annual European championship.
   * Skyrunner World Series
Annual world cup, launched in 2004, has grown to represent the peak of outdoor running defined by a vertical climb, altitude, and technical difficulty.
* VK Open Championships
Annual cup to promote the Vertical discipline and highlight the Vertical Kilometer® skyrunning discipline.
# Adolf Spies von Büllesheim

Adolf Freiherr Spies von Büllesheim (June 4, 1929 – February 12, 2011) was a German politician, farmer and lawyer.

## Life

Adolf Spies von Büllesheim was born in Haus Hall in Ratheim, district of Heinsberg, in North Rhine-Westphalia, property of the baronial Spies von Büllesheim family since the 18th century. He was the son of Egon Franz Freiherr Spies von Büllesheim and his wife Maria (born Freiin von Oer).
After school in Erkelenz he studied German law and farming at universities in Cologne and in Bonn. After university he worked as a farmer and a lawyer from 1960 to 1997.
Since 1952 Spies von Büllesheim was a member of the CDU political party. From 1969 to 1972 he was mayor of Hückelhoven. From 1972 to 1987 Spies von Büllesheim was member of the German Bundestag for Heinsberg.
He died in 2011 in Neuhall, Ratheim.

## Personal life

Spies von Büllesheim was married to Gräfin Maria Immaculata (born Concha) von Mirbach-Harff, Freiin von Vittinghoff (1938–2002), and together they had six children.

## Awards

* 1979: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
# Siccia melanospila

Siccia melanospila is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1911. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya and South Africa.
# Icaro Relax

The Icaro Relax is an Italian high-wing, single-place, hang glider, designed and produced by Icaro 2000.

## Design and development

The Relax was introduced in 2003 as a beginner and flight training wing and also for recreational pilots looking for a wing that was easy rig and non-demanding to fly. The original Relax model was replaced in production by the improved RX2, or RelaX2. The RX2 comes in three sizes, "S", "M" and "L", with an "XL" version under development.
The aircraft is made from 7075 aluminum tubing, with the single-surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. The RX2 has an optional vertical tail fin that improves stability and prevents Dutch roll when the glider is being towed.

## Variants
### Relax 16

    Original model introduced in 2003 and replaced in production by the RX2 M. It is a medium sized model for mid-weight pilots. Its 9.8 m (32.2 ft) span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The wing area is 15.8 m$^2$ (170 sq ft) and the aspect ratio is 6.1:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is 50 to 90 kg (110 to 198 lb). Certified as DHV Class 1-2.

### RX2 S

    A small-sized model for lightweight pilots. Its 9.0 m (29.5 ft) span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 120°, wing area is 14.00 m$^2$ (150.7 sq ft) and the aspect ratio is 5.8:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is 55 to 75 kg (121 to 165 lb). Certified as DHV Class 1.

### RX2 M

    A medium sized model for mid-weight pilots that replaced the Relax 16 in production. Its 9.8 m (32.2 ft) span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 120°, wing area is 15.95 m$^2$ (171.7 sq ft) and the aspect ratio is 6.1:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is 70 to 90 kg (154 to 198 lb). Certified as DHV Class 1.

### RX2 L

    A large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its 10.10 m (33.1 ft) span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 120°, wing area is 17.80 m$^2$ (191.6 sq ft) and the aspect ratio is 5.7:1. Pilot hook-in weight range is 85 to 120 kg (187 to 265 lb). Certified as DHV Class 1.

## Applications

* Icaro Pit-Trike
* Sunair Magic

## Specifications (RX2 M)

Data from Company
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 9.80 m (32 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 15.95 m$^2$ (171.7 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 6.1:1
* Empty weight: 23 kg (51 lb)
* Gross weight: 113 kg (249 lb)
# Garryaceae

Garryaceae is a small family of plants known commonly as the silktassels. It contains two genera:
* Garrya Douglas ex Lindl., 1834. About 16-18 species.
* Aucuba Thunb., 1783. About 3-10 species.
Aucuba was included in the family Cornaceae or Aucubaceae in some classification systems.
Together with Eucommia ulmoides the Garryaceae are currently placed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in an own order, the Garryales.

## Chemical characteristics

Petroselinic acid occurs as the major fatty acid in Aucuba and Garrya species, and is also found in the families Griseliniaceae, Apiaceae and Araliaceae of the Apiales.

## Distribution

The family is found in warm temperate and subtropical regions, Garrya in North America, and Aucuba in eastern Asia. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees with opposite, simple leaves. While they are different in morphology, the two genera have similar phytochemistries and can be intergrafted.
# Benton Springs, Tennessee

Benton Springs is an unincorporated community in Polk County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.
The community was named for Thomas Hart Benton, a Missouri politician. Nearby Benton Station and Benton were also named for him as well.
# Benzothiazine

Benzothiazine is a heterocyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring attached to the 6-membered heterocycle thiazine. The name is applied to both the 2H- and 4H-isomers of the molecule.
2,1-Benzothiazine, a type of benzothiazines was first reported in the 1960s. Subsequently, their preparation and intensive biological and physiological studies have been reported. In recent years, 2,1-benzothiazines have been of enormous interest to synthetic chemists. An enantioselective synthesis of such benzothiazines has been developed by Harmata and Hong who have formulated transformations of these compounds designed to target chiral, non-racemic building blocks as well as natural products.
# Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow

Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow may refer to:
* Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow (1816–1891), 19th century railway tycoon
* Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow (1840–1913), Confederate spy
# Beloved/Friend

Beloved/Friend (Catalan: Amic/Amat) is a 1999 film directed by Ventura Pons based on a book by Josep Maria Benet i Jornet, Testament.

## Synopsis

A dying, homosexual Middle Ages literature teacher is deciding who should inherit his loved possession; a novel "Blanquerna", written by Ramon Llull.
# Ian Ferguson

Ian Ferguson may refer to:
* Ian Ferguson (canoeist) (born 1952), Olympic kayaker from New Zealand
* Ian Ferguson (writer), Canadian writer
* Ian Ferguson (footballer, born 1967), former Rangers F.C. and Scotland footballer, now a manager in Australia with the Central Coast Mariners, North Queensland Fury and Perth Glory
* Ian Ferguson (footballer, born 1968), Scottish former professional footballer with, amongst other teams, Hearts and St. Johnstone
* Ian Bruce Ferguson (1917–1988), Australian Army officer in World War II and the Korean War
# Bernard Barny de Romanet

Lieutenant Bernard Henri Barny de Romanet (28 January 1894 – 23 September 1921) was a French World War I flying ace credited with 18 aerial victories.
Barny de Romanet was born in Saint-Maurice-de-Satonnay, Saône-et-Loire, and was educated at the Collège des Minimes, Chalon-sur-Saône, and then at the Collège des Montgré in Villefranche-sur-Saône, gaining his baccalauréat before going on to study at the Lycée Lamartine at Mâcon.
He joined the French army in October 1913, serving in the 16e Régiment de Chasseurs, a cavalry unit, at the beginning of the war, later transferring to the 56e Régiment d'Infanterie. He transferred into the French air service in July 1915. Six months later, in January 1916, de Romanet received his brevet (permit) as a pilot. His first assignment to Escadrille 51 as a Caudron reconnaissance pilot. He trained as a fighter pilot in February 1917 and made the transition to flying single-seater Nieuport fighters for Escadrille 37. His first victory was scored on 3 May 1917. He waited almost a year before continuing, with his second triumph coming on 31 March 1918. He became an ace on 30 June 1918, and a double ace on 22 August. That was his last victory and last day with Escadrille 37. He was then charged with forming Escadrille 167, a Spad squadron, assumed its command, and scored eight more victories while leading it.
After the war de Romanet became a successful sporting pilot, breaking the World Air Speed record on two occasions in 1920. Barny de Romanet died in a flying accident on 23 September 1921, testing the aircraft he was to fly in the 1921 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe race: the accident was ascribed to the fabric becoming detached from the aircraft's wing.
He is buried in the Cimetière Saint Brice in Mâcon.

## Honors and awards

* Médaille militaire citation, 23 May 1917:
Elite pilot, as brilliant in pursuit aviation as he was in reconnaissance. Has had numerous combats giving proof under all circumstances of the highest military qualities. On 3 May 1917 he attacked, over their lines, two enemy scouts and downed one of them. Already cited three times in orders.
* Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur citation:
Elite officer, who received notice in the cavalry at the beginning of the war by bold reconnaissances, then in observation aviation, and finally in pursuit aviation where his brilliant qualities as a pilot, his coolness, and his daring in combat are always cited as examples. He inspires his patrols to attack enemy planes very superior in number putting them to flight and flaming one of them. Also, recently he downed successively two German planes, reporting therewith his 16th and 17th victories. Médaille militaire for feats of war. Six citations.
# Bengt-Olov Palmqvist

Bengt-Olov Palmqvist [bɛŋkt- olov palmqvist] is a Swedish-Australian musicologist and music theorist, with particular expertise on the subject of rhythm, within music theory. He has published a series of work-books titled "Refinement of Rhythm", that are used widely as resources for rhythmic dictation, grounding and research. He is also noted among musicians in Australia and Sweden for his choral conducting, composing and jazz arranging skills.

## Education and career

Palmqvist graduated with a Bachelor of Music from Ingesund College of Music, Arvika, and a Master of Music in Pedagogy, Aural and Music Theory from the Royal College of Music in Stockholm. He was employed as lecturer in music theory at both colleges in Sweden as well as at the Swedish Radio Institute of Music at Edsberg, before being head-hunted to the Canberra School of Music (later Australian National University School of Music) in Australia in 1983. He was employed as associate professor in Aural and Music Theory at the Australian National University School of Music until his retirement in 2014 and currently is Professor Emeritus at Stockholms Musikpedagogiska Institut SMI.

## Refinement of Rhythm

In 2005, Palmqvist created two workbooks in a series titled "Refinement of Rhythm", compiled to assist college and university music students in their aural studies from a preliminary to very advanced stage. It is one of the only books compiled for this purpose to date, that focuses solely on one aspect of music theory and aural practice: rhythm. As such, it has been generally well received by universities and higher music learning facilities internationally, and throughout Australia.
# Bernard Chacksfield

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Bernard Albert Chacksfield, KBE, CB (13 April 1913 – 27 December 1999) was a senior Royal Air Force officer in the 1950s and 1960s and later a chief commissioner of The Scout Association and chairman of the Burma Star Association.
Chacksfield joined the Royal Air Force in 1927 as an apprentice aircraft engineer at RAF Halton and later at RAF Cranwell. He was selected for flying training and gaining a commission as a Pilot Officer in 1933. He served on the North West Frontier in 1933 as a Westland Wapiti pilot. By 1944 Chacksfield was in command of No. 910 Wing in Burma operating the Republic Thunderbolt fighter-bomber. By the end of the war he had been mentioned in despatches four times. From 1945 he became an air officer and served in the Air Ministry and later with NATO. He served in a number of senior positions until finally becoming Commandant-General of the RAF Regiment in 1963. Chacksfield retired in 1968 as an air vice-marshal.
With a longtime interest in the Scout movement he was appointed in 1970 as chief commissioner for the Scout Association later being awarded the movements highest award, the Silver Wolf in 1975. Chacksfield was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.
In retirement he became chairman on the Burma Star Association until his death from cancer in 1999.
# Bernard Challenor

Bernard Desmond Challenor (July 24, 1936 – March 15, 2000) was a public health professional and professor at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University.

## Education and career

He completed his bachelor's degree at Hunter College and received his medical degree from the State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center in 1961. In addition, he earned a master of public health from Harvard University. Dr. Challenor worked at major public health entities throughout the 1960s, including the World Health Organization and the United States Public Health Service, serving in parts of Asia, Latin America, and West Africa. He was in the 1965 class of the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention's elite Epidemic Intelligence Service. His international work included efforts to vaccinate for and eradicate smallpox. Following this, he worked for the Boston Department of Health and Hospitals.
Dr. Challenor led the partnership between Columbia University and Harlem Hospital Center, becoming deputy director of the Columbia University-Harlem Hospital Center Affiliation in 1969. As chairman elect and chairman of the Physicians Forum in the early 1970s, he advocated for the restructuring of the United States healthcare system and a national health insurance system. While at Columbia, he was the director of the general public health program and from 1978-1980, was acting dean of the Columbia Mailman School of Public Health. By 1985, he was an associate professor in the school and continued in his role as director of public health, partnering with the Columbia School of International and Public Affairs to offer a dual degree to students.

## Death

Dr. Challenor died of a heart attack in his Manhattan home.

## Recognition

The Columbia Mailman School of Public Health awards the "Bernard Challenor Spirit Prize" to students able to build community across departments in the school.
# Berilje

Berilje is a village in the municipality of Prokuplje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 730 people.
# Berberys-R

Berberys-R is a Polish multispectral camouflage system, reducing visibility in the visible and infrared spectra, to thermal vision, and to radiolocation signatures. It is manufactured by company Miranda sp. z o.o. (Poland). It is offered for individual soldiers, PT-91 and Leopard 2 MBT's, and also for the KTO Rosomak vehicle among others. It was used by Polish Army units participating in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.
# Ian Darlington

Ian John Darlington (born 2 November 1977) is an English cricketer. Darlington is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born at Derby, Derbyshire.
Darlington represented the Derbyshire Cricket Board in List A cricket. His debut List A match came against Wales Minor Counties in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. From 1999 to 2000, he represented the Board in 6 matches, the last of which came against the Middlesex Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2002. In his 6 List A matches, he scored 163 runs at a batting average of 32.60, with a single half century high score of 58. With the ball he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 50.50, with best figures of 3/19.
Darlington currently plays club cricket for Ockbrook and Borrowash Cricket Club in the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League.