OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HMS Champion (1915)

HMS Champion was a C-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy that saw service during World War I. She was part of the Calliope group of the C class.

## Construction

Eight light cruisers were ordered for the Royal Navy in the 1913 budget. The six ships of the Caroline class used conventional direct-drive steam turbines but two, Champion and Calliope, had experimental engine designs using geared reduction to match optimum working speeds of turbines and propellers. This followed experimental designs ordered in 1911 using geared high-pressure turbines for the destroyers Badger and Beaver and in 1912 using gearing for both high-pressure and low-pressure turbines in the destroyers Leonidas and Lucifer. Champion and Calliope tested different designs.
Built by Hawthorn Leslie and Company at Tyneside, England, Champion was laid down on 9 March 1914, launched on 29 May 1915, and completed in December 1915.
Champion had two propeller shafts, the port one being driven from the sternmost engine room and the starboard one from forward. Gearing increased overall engine efficiency, allowing a reduction in boiler and turbine size for a given force provided by the propellers, so the initial design reduced the boiler room size and dropped the nominal developed power from 40,000 shaft horsepower (shp) (29.8 megawatts/MW) to 37,500 shp (28 MW). However, during construction modifications were made to again increase boiler capacity and add cruising turbines which returned to the nominal power output of the Caroline class ungeared ships. Maximum propeller speed was a nominal 340 revolutions per minute. Trials comparing Champion to Caroline showed that at actual developed power of 41,000 shp (30.6 MW) in both ships, Champion achieved a speed of 29.5 knots using 470 tons of fuel per day, while Caroline achieved 29 knots using 550 tons of fuel per day. The ship could achieve 28 knots operating at the lower power of 31,000 shp (23 MW).

## Service history
### World War I

Champion was commissioned into service in the Royal Navy on 20 December 1915. She was assigned to the Grand Fleet upon completion, serving as the leader of the 13th Destroyer Flotilla through the end of World War I and until early 1919. She fought in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May-1 June 1916, during which she also was the flagship of Commodore (D), the senior commander of the fleet's destroyers.

### Postwar

Champion briefly served in the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron during 1919. She then was attached to the Royal Navy Torpedo School, HMS Vernon, from 1919 to 1924, undergoing a refit in 1923. She was decommissioned and placed under dockyard control at Portsmouth in October 1924.
In May 1925, Champion was recommissioned to serve as Gunnery Firing Ship. She was attached to the Signal School in 1928, and was used as a testbed for the Royal Navy's first remote-power-control (RPC) gunnery systems that year. She was decommissioned in December 1933 and placed under dockyard control.

## Disposal

Champion was sold on 28 July 1934 to Metal Industries of Rosyth, Scotland, for scrapping.
# Frenkelia

Frenkelia is a genus of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. The species in this genus infect the gastrointestinal tracts of birds of prey (definitive hosts) and the tissues of small rodents (intermediate hosts).

## Taxonomy

Species of this genus share antigens with Sarcocystis. DNA studies suggest that this genus should be merged with Sarcocystis.
Despite several recommendations, abolition of this genus has not yet been approved.

## Lifecycle

The parasites undergo sexual reproduction in the gut of the definitive host — a bird of prey. They form cysts and are then eaten by a small rodent. Within the gut of the rodent, the parasites decyst. They invade the intestinal wall and are carried to the liver. They undergo schizogony in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. They then invade the nervous tissue of the rodent host, forming cystic structures. The infected rodent is then eaten by a bird, when the tissue cysts are digested, releasing the parasites. The parasites invade the enterocytes, undergo merogony and gametogony. Gametes are formed which then fuse forming a zygote that undergoes encystation.

## Host records

* Frenkelia microti — red tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera), prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

### Unknown parasite species

* Field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis)
* Water vole (Arvicola sapidus)
* Red-tailed hawks (Buteo borealis)
* Red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus)
* Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)
* Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica)
* Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina)
# D'Estaing

d'Estaing is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing (1729–1794), French general and admiral
* Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing (died 1455), French Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop
* Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing (born 1933), former First Lady of France
* Guillaume Giscard d'Estaing (born 1958), French businessman
* Henri Giscard d'Estaing (born 1956), French businessman
* Louis Giscard d'Estaing (born 1958), French politician
* Olivier Giscard d'Estaing (1927–2021), French politician
* Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1926–2020), President of France (1974–1981)
# Berthold Ullman

Berthold Louis Ullman (August 18, 1882 in Chicago, Illinois – June 26, 1965 in Vatican City) was an American classicist.

## Life and career

Ullman was born in Chicago to Louis Ullman and Eleanora Fried. He was educated at the University of Chicago (A.B. 1903, Ph.D. 1908). He joined the faculty at Chicago and also taught at the University of Pittsburgh and Iowa State University. He taught at the University of Chicago from 1925 until 1944 before moving to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, becoming Kenan professor of Latin and department chair. Ullman's library collection formed the core of the present classics department library at the University of North Carolina. Ullman was also president of the American Philological Association in 1935. In 1948, he was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He married Mary Louise Bates on September 1, 1909. Their son Edward Ullman, born in 1912, became a geographer.
As a scholar Ullman focused on Latin language, the manuscript tradition of ancient texts, and Latin in the Renaissance.

## Books

* Ullman, Berthold Louis, Norman E. Henry, Charles Henderson Latin for Americans (frequently revised, still in print)
* Ullman, Berthold Louis Sicconis Polentonis Scriptorum Illustrium Latinae Linguae Libri XVIII, 1928
* Ullman, Berthold Louis Ancient Writing and its Influence, 1932
* Ullman, Berthold Louis Coluccii Salutati De Laboribus Herculis, 2 volumes, 1951
* Ullman, Berthold Louis Studies in the Italian Renaissance 1955
* Ullman, Berthold Louis Colucii Salutati De seculo et religione 1957
* Ullman, Berthold Louis The Origin and Development of Humanistic Script 1960
* Ullman, Berthold Louis, Philip A. Stadter The Public Library of Renaissance Florence 1972
# 1st Panzer Division

1st Panzer Division may refer to:
* 1st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
* 1st Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)
* 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
# Scotch Creek

Scotch Creek may refer to:
* Scotch Creek, British Columbia, a community on Shuswap Lake
* Scotch Creek (British Columbia), a creek in the Thompson River drainage
# Gustavo Campa

Gustavo Emilio Campa (8 September 1863 in Mexico City – 29 October 1934) was a Mexican composer. He studied piano with Felipe Larios and Julio Ituarte, and composition with Melisio Morales at the Conservatorio Nacional in Mexico City. Campa went against Morales' well known passion for Italian style of composition and lead a group of rebellious students which embraced the French style.
In 1900 he was appointed professor of Composition and History of Music at the institution, a position he will hold until his retirement in 1925. In 1907, upon the death of Ricardo Castro, Campa became the director of the Conservatorio.
# Al husayn

Al Husayn or Al husayn may refer to:
* Husayn ibn Ali
* Al husayn, Yemen
# Pseudobahia

Pseudobahia is a genus of California plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. These plants are known generally as sunbursts.

## Species

* Pseudobahia bahiifolia (Benth.) Rydb. - Hartweg's golden sunburst (endangered)
* Pseudobahia heermannii (Durand) Rydb. - foothill sunburst
* Pseudobahia peirsonii Munz - San Joaquin adobe sunburst (threatened)
# Ardoino da Piacenza

Ardoino da Piacenza (died 21 January 1183) was an Italian cardinal. His first name is listed also as Arduino.
He was archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Piacenza and member of the Order of Canons Regular di San Frediano di Lucca. Pope Alexander III created him Cardinal in the consistory celebrated in Frascati in 1178. Between 4 July and 6 September 1178 he signed a papal bull as Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata, but shortly thereafter he was promoted to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme; as such, he signed the bulls from 1 October 1178 until 8 January 1183. He participated in the papal election, 1181, which elected Pope Lucius III. An opuscle titled De Deo immortali is sometimes misattributed to Arduin, but this is the result of a confusion with the work of Hugo Etherianus.
# Free Your Mind 33

Free Your Mind #33 is the first LP recording by Japanese group Dragon Ash, released in 1998.
Dragon Ash chose to release an LP format record because after the release of Buzz Songs in 1998, their new hip hop sound was escalating and there was a high demand for analogue versions of "陽はまたのぼりくりかえす" (Hi wa Mata Noborikuri Kaesu), which sampled drums from "We Will Rock You" by Queen, and "Under Age's Song (Album Mix)". In addition to these two tracks, they also updated "Fever" and "Baby Girl Was Born" from their 1997 album Mustang! with a more hip hop sound. Their collaboration with MIHO on this LP also set the groundwork for the production duo of Kj and BOTS collaborating with and producing future albums for other artists such as Sugar Soul, Wyolica, and Kaori Hifumi. This eventually led to the creation of the production team and hip hop group Steady & Co.

## Track listing
### Side A

* "Fever (Free Your Mind Mix)" feat. MIHO – 5:07
* "Fever (Instrumental)" – 6:32
* "陽はまたのぼりくりかえす" (Hi wa Mata Noborikuri Kaesu) – 6:32

### Side B

* "Baby Girl Was Born (Daddy's Mix)" feat. MIHO – 6:32
* "Baby Girl Was Born (Instrumental)" – 6:32
* "Under Age's Song (Album Mix)" – 6:32
# Cymbovula bebae

Cymbovula bebae is a species of sea snail in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.
# Igreja de São Fins de Friestas

Igreja de São Fins de Friestas is a church in Portugal. It is classified as a National Monument.
42°01′53″N 8°34′56″W﻿ / ﻿42.03139°N 8.58222°W﻿ / 42.03139; -8.58222
* This article about a church building or other Christian place of worship in Portugal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Eupithecia homogrammata

Eupithecia homogrammata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Russia, Japan and Korea.
The wingspan is about 12–15 mm.

## Subspecies

* Eupithecia homogrammata homogrammata
* Eupithecia homogrammata kamtschatica Viidalepp & Mironov, 1988
# Jim Dowd

Jim Dowd is the name of:
* Jim Dowd (politician) (born 1951), Member of Parliament for Lewisham West and Penge
* Jim Dowd (ice hockey) (born 1968), ice hockey player
# Gustavo Cabrera

Gustavo Cabrera may refer to:
* Gustavo Cabrera Acevedo, Mexican demographer laureated with the National Prize for Demography (1981), member of Colegio Nacional (Mexico)
* Gustavo Adolfo Cabrera, Guatemalan footballer
# Al jafr

Al Ḩafr is a village in Al Madinah Province, in western Saudi Arabia.
# Bunka Gakuin

Bunka Gakuin (文化学院) is a Japanese vocational school. It opened in 1921 as the first co-educational school in Japan.

## Alumni

* Hisae Imai
* Takako Irie
* Liu Chi-hsiang
* Yoko Mizuki
* Akiko Santo
* Akira Terao
* Mitsu Yashima
* Guan Zilan, Chinese painter
# Ardoi

Ardoi is a village in Kotda-Sangani Taluka of Rajkot district, Gujarat, India.

## History

Ardoi was granted in appanage from Gondal State to Sangoji, founder of the Kotda Sangani estate, in about 1654-65 AD. Before this it was the original seat of the chieftain of Gondal. But when he acquired Gondal he moved his capital to there from Ardoi. The village has a tower on its eastern side.

## Geography

It is situated about twelve miles north-east of Gondal and four miles north-west of Kotda and about twelve miles south of Rajkot. It is situated on a stream which flows into the Gondal river. The soil is good and the village lies only two miles to the east of the Rajkot-Gondal road.
# Igreja de São Gonçalo

Igreja de São Gonçalo is a church in Amarante, northern Portugal. It is classified as a National Monument.
41°16′11″N 8°04′43″W﻿ / ﻿41.26972°N 8.07861°W﻿ / 41.26972; -8.07861
* This article about a church building or other Christian place of worship in Portugal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Eucoenogenes teliferana

Eucoenogenes teliferana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Jilin), Korea, Japan and Russia.
The wingspan is 13-14.5 mm.
The larvae feed on Corylus mandshurica.
# George Roger Clemo

George Roger Clemo FRS (2 August 1889 – 2 March 1983) was a British organic chemist.
He was born in Slapton, Devon, the eldest son of farmer George and Blanche Ellen (née Hyne) Clemo. He attended Kingsbridge Grammar School and went on to study science at the Royal Albert Memorial College Exeter, a forerunner of Exeter University, gaining a Bachelor of Science in 1910. He then commenced training to be a teacher and in 1911 was appointed deputy master at Penzance County School. In 1916, as part of the war effort, he joined the laboratory of William Henry Perkin, Jr. to work on dyestuffs. In 1922 he entered Queen's College, Oxford and gained an Oxford B.Sc. and DPhil, the latter under the supervision of William Henry Perkin, Jr. In 1925 he accepted the position of Director of Research at the British Dyestuffs Corporation in Manchester.
Soon afterwards he became Professor of Organic Chemistry at Armstrong College, later part of University of Newcastle. He retired in 1954.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1937. His candidacy citation read: "Distinguished as an organic chemist. Author or joint-author of about 45 scientific memoirs published in the Journal of the Chemical Society. These cover a wide range of topics, of which the more significant are new synthetic methods, especially in the quinoline group; strychnine and brucine; the lupin alkaloids; the constitution of santonin; catalytic production of polynuclear compounds; experiments on hexadeuterobenzene. Made outstanding contributions to chemistry of lupinane, encountering for the first time cis and transfused rings in isomeric octahydropyrrocolines. Noteworthy too are his synthetical studies in the decaline group, and on rearrangements in the course of selenium dehydrogenations."
He was a fearless rugby player, and represented Cornwall twice in 1913. He married Angela Mary Gertrude Evans in 1921; they had three sons and a daughter.
# Bulbophyllum muscarirubrum

Bulbophyllum muscarirubrum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Uhuru Gardens

Uhuru Gardens National Monument and Museum is a commemorative park and museum in Nairobi, Kenya that celebrates independence from the British Empire on 12 December 1963. The word "uhuru" is Swahili for "freedom". It contains three points of significance:
* The Mũgumo tree (Ficus sycomorus), purportedly planted in the exact location the Union Jack, or more likely the former Flag of the Colony of Kenya, was removed and the Flag of Kenya was placed. The tree is also of significance to the Kikuyu people.
* The independence commemorative monument, built in 1973, is a twenty-four meter high column, supporting a pair of clasped hands and a dove of peace. This point celebrates the declaration of independence at midnight, 12 December 1963. It also celebrates the inauguration of Kenya's first president, Jomo Kenyatta, in the same night. On one side of this monument is a statue of soldiers raising the Kenyan flag.
* A fountain celebrating "Twenty-Five years of Uhuru – peace, love and unity monument".
# Ardoksho

Ardoksho (Bactrian script Αρδοχϸο), also Romanised as Ardochsho, Ardokhsho and Ardoxsho, the Iranic goddess of wealth was a female deity of the Kushan Empire, in Central and South Asia during the early part of the 1st millennium CE. She is considered as an east Iranian goddess and alternate name of Lakshmi. She is known in the Avesta as Ashi.
She has often been regarded as analogous to the deity Hariti, found in some varieties of Buddhism. Analogies have also been drawn with the Persian goddess Anahita, the Greek Tyche, the Roman Fortuna and the Hindu Shri.
During the middle of the Kushan era, Ardoksho was usually the only deity other than a male counterpart, Oesho, depicted on Kushan coins.
* Coin of Huvishka (150–180 CE), with standing Ardoksho and her name in Greek script.
* Coin of Vasishka (222-240 CE) with goddess Ardoksho enthroned, and her name in Greek script
* Coin of Kipunada. Circa 335-350 CE. Obverse: Kipunada standing left, sacrificing over altar. Reverse: Ardoxsho enthroned facing, holding investiture garland and cornucopia.
# Italy at the 2006 Winter Paralympics

Italy was the host country of the ninth Winter Paralympics in Turin.

## Participation

Italy entered 39 athletes in the following sports:
* Alpine skiing: 10 male, 3 female
* Ice sledge hockey: 15 male
* Nordic skiing: 4 male, 2 female
* Wheelchair curling: 3 male, 2 female

## Medalist

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Gianmaria Dal Maistro | Alpine skiing | Super-G, visually impaired | 14 March |
| Gold | Silvia Parente | Alpine skiing | Giant slalom, visually impaired | 17 March |
| Silver | Gianmaria Dal Maistro | Alpine skiing | Giant slalom, visually impaired | 17 March |
| Silver | Daila Dameno | Alpine skiing | Slalom, sitting | 19 March |
| Bronze | Silvia Parente | Alpine skiing | Downhill, visually impaired | 12 March |
| Bronze | Silvia Parente | Alpine skiing | Super-G, visually impaired | 14 March |
| Bronze | Daila Dameno | Alpine skiing | Giant slalom, sitting | 17 March |
| Bronze | Silvia Parente | Alpine skiing | Slalom, visually impaired | 19 March |
# Bervie Braes

Bervie Braes is a road and associated hillside in Stonehaven, Scotland. Following multiple landslides, the road is currently only open to pedestrians and cyclists.

## History

In 2009, Aberdeenshire Council asked the Scottish Government for £5.7 million to carry out work to stabilise the cliffs. The request was turned down. At the time, the council carried out daily inspections due to fears the cliff would collapse.
In February 2010, a series of landslides led to the evacuation of 65 homes, with at least one home severely damaged. The following month, an agreement was reached between Aberdeenshire Council and the Scottish Government to fund stabilisation work, with £2 million provided by the government and £1 million provided by the council.
In March 2012, a £2.4 million contract for the work was awarded to Forkers. The work was carried out from April to September 2012.
The road was reopened in 2013 following £300,000 of work. A 20 mph speed limit and a three-tonne weight limit were introduced, and the road was only opened during summer months.
In 2014, the council decided to continue to open the road during summer months only, following a study which suggested that a full reopening would boost the Stonehaven economy by between £30,000 and £600,000 annually. This followed a study commissioned by the Stonehaven Town Partnership which claimed reopening the road would have an annual economic benefit of £9.3 million.
A small landslide occurred in October 2021. In April 2022, the council announced that additional barriers would be installed to catch falling debris. It stated that the instability of the cliff was "far more extensive" than previously thought and that as a result the road would not reopen for vehicles.
# Scottish studies

Scottish studies is an interdisciplinary field of research devoted to the study of Scotland, History of Scotland, Geography of Scotland, Scottish society, Culture of Scotland, Politics of Scotland, Economy of Scotland, Languages of Scotland, Scottish literature, Gaelic literature and of Scottish people in Scotland and elsewhere. It is sometimes subsumed within the category of Celtic studies and European studies.

## Centres

There are a number of academic centres of Scottish Studies which offer a range of awards. These include:
* Scotland
** University of Aberdeen: Research Institute of Irish and Scottish Studies
** University of Edinburgh: Celtic and Scottish Studies; School of Scottish Studies
** University of Glasgow: Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies. A Chair of Celtic Studies was established there in 1956 followed by a Chair of Gaelic Studies in 2010.
** University of the Highlands and Islands:
*** Institute for Northern Studies
*** Sabhal Mor Ostaig: The National Centre for Gaelic Language & Culture
* Canada
** McGill University: Chair in Canadian-Scottish Studies
** University of Guelph: Centre for Scottish Studies
** Simon Fraser University: Research Centre for Scottish Studies
* United States
** East Tennessee State University: Appalachian, Scottish, and Irish Studies
* New Zealand
** University of Otago: Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies
It is also possible to obtain a Scottish Studies Award at secondary schools.

## Journals

* International Review of Scottish Studies
* Scottish Studies
* Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies
* Journal of Scottish Historical Studies
* Studies in Scottish Literature

## Organisations

* Scottish Studies Foundation
* Eighteenth Century Scottish Studies Society
* French Society of Scottish Studies
* International Association for the Study of Scottish Literatures
* Association for Scottish Literary Studies
# Guo Dongming

Guo Dongming (Chinese: 郭东明; born 30 April 1959) is a Chinese engineer, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and currently president of Dalian University of Technology.
He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Guo was born in Wen County, Henan, on 30 April 1959. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1982, a master's degree in 1984, and a doctor's degree in 1992, all from Dalian University of Technology and all in machine manufacturing.
Guo worked at Dalian University of Technology after graduating in 1984. He moved up the ranks to become director of the Department of Mechanical Engineering in July 1996 and dean of the School of Mechanical Engineering in September 1999. In 1995, he was hired as a visiting professor at Chuo University in Japan. In 1998, he became a visiting scholar at the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology for three months. From May 2000 to May 2001, he was a professor at the University of Melbourne. He was promoted to vice president of Dalian University of Technology in 2002 and executive vice president in 2011. On 25 February 2014, he was promoted again to become president of the university, a position at vice-ministerial level.

## Honours and awards

* 2005 State Technological Invention Award (Second Class) for the development and industrial application of highly active hydrorefining catalyst for clean fuel production
* 2008 State Technological Invention Award (First Class) for precision manufacturing technology and equipment for hard and brittle materials with complex curved surfaces
* 2011 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
* 2019 State Science and Technology Progress Award (First Class)