OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hostile witness

A hostile witness, also known as an adverse witness or an unfavorable witness, is a witness at trial whose testimony on direct examination is either openly antagonistic or appears to be contrary to the legal position of the party who called the witness. This concept is used in the legal proceedings in the United States, and analogues of it exist in other legal systems in Western countries.

## Process

During direct examination, if the examining attorney who called the witness finds that their testimony is antagonistic or contrary to the legal position of their client, the attorney may request that the judge declare the witness "hostile". If the request is granted, the attorney may proceed to ask the witness leading questions. Leading questions either suggest the answer ("You saw my client sign the contract, correct?") or challenge (impeach) the witness's testimony. As a rule, leading questions are generally allowed only during cross-examination, but a hostile witness is an exception to this rule.
In cross-examination conducted by the opposing party's attorney, a witness is presumed to be hostile and the examining attorney is not required to seek the judge's permission before asking leading questions. Attorneys can influence a hostile witness's responses by using Gestalt psychology to influence the way the witness perceives the situation, and utility theory to understand their likely responses. The attorney will integrate a hostile witness's expected responses into the larger case strategy through pretrial planning and through adapting as necessary during the course of the trial.

## Jurisdiction
### Australia

In the state of New South Wales, the term 'unfavourable witness' is defined by section 38 of the Evidence Act which permits the prosecution to cross-examine their own witness. For example, if the prosecution calls all material witnesses relevant to a case before the court, and any evidence given is not favourable to, or supports the prosecution case, or a witness has given a prior inconsistent statement, then the prosecution may seek leave of the court, via section 192, to test the witness in relation to their evidence.

### New Zealand

In New Zealand, section 94 of the Evidence Act 2006 permits a party to cross-examine their own witness if the presiding judge determines the witness to be hostile and gives permission.
# Karsten Torkildsen

Karsten Ingemann Torkildsen (18 December 1896 – 26 February 1979) was a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Labour Party.
He was born in Kristiania and married in 1932. He moved to Rjukan in 1915 and started his trade union career here as vice chair of the Rjukan faglige samorg in 1920. He also held this post in 1924 and 1925, and was deputy chair of Rjukan Labour Party in 1920. He was a deputy member of Tinn municipal council from 1919 to 1922 and councilman from 1928 to 1930. In 1927 and 1930 he chaired Rjukan faglige samorg. From 1930 to 1934 he was employed as secretary of Øvre Telemark faglige samorg and Telemark Labour Party. He moved to Notodden where he chaired the local party chapter from 1931 to 1934 and the co-op from 1933 to 1934.
Nationwide he served as chairman of the Norwegian Union of Chemical Industry Workers from 1934 to 1945 and chairman from 1945 to 1963. As such was also a secretariat member of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany (1940–1945), however, the trade union movement was usurped by the Nazis. Torkildsen fled to Sweden. Here, in 1942 he was elected as chair of the exiled branch of the Norwegian People's Aid. He later served as chairman here after the war, from 1947 to 1951.
He was also given a multitude of other positions. From 1945 he was a member of Norges Eksportråd. In 1946 he was elected to the board of Norsk Folkeferie (until 1950) and the supervisory council of Norsk Hydro (until 1963). From 1947 he was a board member of Arbeidernes Landsbank and member of the Defence Commission of 1946. He died in February 1979 and was buried at Grefsen.
# La Recta Final

La Recta Final is a 1990 Latin Hip hop album released by Puerto Rican singer and rapper Vico C and by producer DJ Negro. The album is considered to be one of the most influential in the development of Puerto Rican hip-hop and rap music. The title track It was Vico C's first ever songs and the one that started his path to fame. Eventually it sold over 60,000 copies.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "La Recta Final"
* "Gusto, Sexo y Consecuencia"
* "Viernes 13"
* "El Amor Existe"

### Side two

* "La Recta Final" (Instrumental)
* "Gusto, Sexo y Consecuencia" (Instrumental)
* "Viernes 13" (Instrumental)
* "El Amor Existe" (Instrumental)
# Harry McCracken

Harry McCracken is a global technology editor for Fast Company and the founder of Technologizer, a website about personal technology. He was an editor at large for Time, covering technology, from February 2012 to June 2014. McCracken is also a former contributing editor at CNET.
Until June 2, 2008, McCracken was the editor-in-chief of PC World for four years; he had previously held other editorial positions for ten.

## Biography

He was educated in the public schools of Newton, Massachusetts, the Cambridge School of Weston, and Boston University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history.
McCracken is the son of the late Samuel McCracken, a professor at Boston University and a long-time assistant to BU president John Silber; and Natalie Jacobson McCracken, a retired editor in chief for development and alumni publications at BU.

## Controversy

On May 1, 2007, McCracken resigned abruptly under controversial circumstances. McCracken quit abruptly because the new CEO of PC World, Colin Crawford, tried to stop an unfavorable story about Apple Inc. and Steve Jobs. Crawford responded, calling media reports of McCracken's resignation "inaccurate." McCracken told colleagues that IDG, PC World's publisher, "was pressuring him to avoid stories that were critical of major advertisers." On May 9, 2007, Crawford was transferred to another department and McCracken returned to PC World.

## Other works

In addition to his computer magazine work, McCracken has also been active in animation fandom, as a central mailer for Apatoons, and editor of Animato! magazine. He was also co-moderator of the BIX Animation Forum, with the late Emru Townsend. He is also the webmaster of the Scrappyland website, devoted to the Charles Mintz cartoon character Scrappy. He has also contributed to Slate.

## Awards

McCracken has won a number of awards for his editorial work. He received the American Business Media (ABM) Timothy White Award for Editorial Integrity in 2008, recognizing his resignation on principle in 2007. That same year he also won Best Editorial Column recognition from ABM and was listed on Folio magazine's list of 40 media influencers.

## Personal life

McCracken married Marie Domingo on December 26, 2010. He is the brother of novelist and teacher Elizabeth McCracken.
# Fran Adams

Fran Adams is an American actress who performed with Second City.

## Biography

Adams was an ensemble member of the Chicago based improvisational comedy troupe Second City. She is a featured player in the DVD release of The Best of Second City, a compilation of some of the most memorable sketches that helped make Second City one of the United States' foremost comedy troupes. Adams was a lead player in the Second City TV pilot entitled 149 1/2 along with other players such as Steve Carell, Judith Scott and Jackie Hoffman.
She performed with the troupe during the 1988 to 1994 seasons and in 2009 was invited to perform in the 50th anniversary celebration of Second City.
# Scoville (disambiguation)

The Scoville scale is a measurement of the pungency (spicy heat) of chili peppers or other spicy foods.
Scoville may also refer to:
* Scoville Library, a library in Salisbury, Connecticut, U.S.
* Scoville Memorial Library (Carleton College), a historic building in Northfield, Minnesota, U.S.
* Scoville Park, a park in Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.
* Scoville Square or Scoville Block, a historic building in Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.
* Scoville Stardust, a homebuilt aircraft designed for air racing

## People with the surname

* Darrel Scoville (born 1975), Canadian ice hockey player
* Jonathan Scoville (1830–1891), U.S. Representative from New York
* Nick Scoville, American astronomer
* Wilbur Scoville (1865–1942), American pharmacist, known for the Scoville scale
* William Beecher Scoville (1906–1984), American neurosurgeon

## People with the given name

* Scoville Browne (1909–1994), American jazz reedist
* Scoville Jenkins (born 1986), American tennis player
# Hundred of Stow

The Hundred of Stow is the cadastral unit of hundred on the northern Adelaide Plains. It is one of the 16 hundreds of the County of Stanley. It was named in 1867 by Governor Dominick Daly after Randolph Isham Stow (1828–1878), twice Attorney-General of South Australia. Parts of the localities of Mount Templeton, Stow, Whitwarta, Watchman and Balaklava are within the hundred.

## Local government

On 14 November 1878, the entire Hundred of Stow was annexed to the District Council of Balaklava along with an eastern strip of the Hundred of Goyder, following petitioning by resident landowners.
The hundred was locally governed by District Council of Wakefield Plains from 1983 following the amalgamation of Balaklava council with Port Wakefield and Owen councils. In 1997 the merger of Wakefield Plains and Blyth-Snowtown councils brought hundred under the governance of Wakefield Regional Council with the North ward and Central ward boundary passing east to west through the middle of the hundred.
# Grecian bend

The Grecian bend was a term applied first to a stooped posture which became fashionable c. 1820, named after the gracefully-inclined figures seen in the art of ancient Greece. It was also the name of a dance move introduced to polite society in America just before the American Civil War. The "bend" was considered very daring at the time.
The stoop or the silhouette created by the fashion in women's dress for corsets, crinolettes and bustles by 1869 was also called the Grecian bend. Contemporary illustrations often show a woman with a large bustle and a very small parasol, bending forward.
The term was also given to those who suffered from decompression sickness, or "the bends", due to working in caissons during the building of the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City. The name was given because afflicted individuals characteristically arched their backs in the same manner as the then popular "Grecian bend" fashion.

## Appearance in popular music

There were many songs published with "Grecian Bend" in their titles. The term "Grecian bend" appears in the song "The Garden Where The Praties Grow" by Johnny Patterson:
   Have you ever been in love my boys Or have you felt the pain? I'd sooner be in jail myself Than be in love again For the girl I loved was beautiful I'd have you all to know And I met her in the garden Where the praties grow
   She was just the sort of creature boys That Nature did intend To walk right through the world my boys Without the Grecian bend Nor did she wear a chignon I'd have you all to know And I met her in the garden Where the praties grow
# The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing

The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing is a novel written by Marilyn Durham first published in 1972.

## Plot

The novel is set in the American West in the 1880s, but is not written in a genre style. It is the story of Jay, a man of the West, and his offbeat relationship with Catherine, a woman from the East who is fleeing an unhappy marriage. Jay kidnaps Catherine on his way to rob a train and together they travel through the Wyoming Territory. Catherine eventually discovers that Jay is haunted by the murder of his wife, a Shoshone Indian named Cat Dancing, and his actions after the murder. Pursued by Catherine's husband and a railroad agent, Catherine and Jay fall in love.

## Reception

The novel, Durham's first, became a best seller, and was generally praised by reviewers for its deft character studies as well as its effortlessly entertaining style.

## Adaptation

In 1973, the film version of the novel was released. Directed by Richard C. Sarafian and produced by Martin Poll, The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing starred Burt Reynolds and British actress Sarah Miles. It would be Reynolds' first romantic movie. Many who regarded the novel highly were disappointed by its formulaic Hollywood treatment in the movie.
# La Salle Street Bridge

La Salle Street Bridge may refer to:
* La Salle Street Bridge (Chicago)
* La Salle Street Bridge (South Bend, Indiana), a site on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
# 1984–85 Nationale A season

The 1984–85 Nationale A season was the 64th season of the Nationale A, the top level of ice hockey in France. 12 teams participated in the league, and Sporting Hockey Club Saint Gervais won their fifth league title. Hockey Club de Caen was relegated to the Nationale B.

## First round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Sporting Hockey Club Saint Gervais | 22 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 148 | 95 | 38 |
| 2. | Gap Hockey Club | 22 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 160 | 108 | 33 |
| 3. | Club des Sports de Megève | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 143 | 95 | 32 |
| 4. | Français Volants | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 138 | 113 | 29 |
| 5. | CSG Grenoble | 22 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 132 | 96 | 28 |
| 6. | Chamonix Hockey Club | 22 | 12 | 2 | 8 | 140 | 115 | 26 |
| 7. | Diables Rouges de Briançon | 22 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 108 | 160 | 15 |
| 8. | Ours de Villard-de-Lans | 22 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 102 | 123 | 15 |
| 9. | HC Amiens Somme | 22 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 87 | 119 | 14 |
| 10. | Viry-Châtillon Essonne Hockey | 22 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 92 | 109 | 12 |
| 11. | Hockey Club de Caen | 22 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 112 | 192 | 9 |
| 12. | ASG Tours | 22 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 103 | 140 | 8* |
* (* ASG Tours had five points deducted.)

## Final round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Sporting Hockey Club Saint Gervais | 32 | 25 | 2 | 5 | 208 | 136 | 52 |
| 2. | Club des Sports de Megève | 32 | 20 | 5 | 7 | 196 | 133 | 45 |
| 3. | Gap Hockey Club | 32 | 20 | 4 | 8 | 211 | 154 | 44 |
| 4. | Français Volants | 32 | 20 | 2 | 10 | 196 | 149 | 42 |
| 5. | Chamonix Hockey Club | 32 | 15 | 2 | 15 | 174 | 187 | 32 |
| 6. | CSG Grenoble | 32 | 13 | 5 | 14 | 161 | 148 | 31 |

## Relegation round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 7. | Ours de Villard-de-Lans | 32 | 10 | 5 | 17 | 158 | 179 | 25 |
| 8. | Viry-Châtillon Essonne Hockey | 32 | 10 | 5 | 17 | 152 | 162 | 25 |
| 9. | HC Amiens Somme | 32 | 11 | 2 | 19 | 137 | 169 | 24 |
| 10. | Diables Rouges de Briançon | 32 | 11 | 2 | 19 | 186 | 226 | 24 |
| 11. | ASG Tours | 32 | 10 | 4 | 18 | 176 | 208 | 19 |
| 12. | Hockey Club de Caen | 32 | 6 | 4 | 22 | 166 | 270 | 16 |
# La Guadalupita (Xochimilco)

La Guadalupita is a neighborhood in the municipality of Xochimilco, in the southern part of Mexico City. The area was referred to as Las Ánimas or Place of the Souls until its official foundation during Mexico’s colonial period. Residents celebrated its patron saint, the Virgin Mary, on December 12, in the church of San Bernardino de Siena, located in the nearby neighborhood of Santa Crucita, only until the completion of their own chapel, in 1927.
# Tamar de Sola Pool

Tamar de Sola Pool (née Hirshenson; 1890-1981), was an Israeli-American academic and zionist who served as president of the Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America from 1939 to 1943. Born in Jerusalem to Rabbi Chaim Hirschenson and Eva (Cohen) Hirschenson, the family moved to New Jersey in 1904, and Rabbi Hirschenson became a congregational rabbi. In 1917, Hirshenson married David de Sola Pool, the rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York. She died in 1981.
# 1956 San Francisco State Gators football team

The 1956 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College—now known as San Francisco State University—as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1956 college football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Joe Verducci, San Francisco State compiled an overall record of 5–5 with a mark of 4–1 in conference play, sharing the FWC title with the Cal Aggies and Humboldt State. For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 177 to 168. The Gators played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 15 | at San Quentin State Prison* | San Quentin PrisonSan Quentin, CA | W 27–12 | |
| September 22 | at Cal Poly* | Mustang StadiumSan Luis Obispo, CA | L 7–25 | |
| September 29 | at Nevada | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | W 32–20 | |
| October 5 | San Diego State* | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 6–26 | 5,000 |
| October 13 | at Humboldt State | Redwood BowlArcata, CA | L 7–34 | |
| October 20 | at Fresno State* | Ratcliffe StadiumFresno, CA | L 0–28 | 6,719 |
| October 26 | Redlands* | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 6–7 | |
| November 3 | at Cal Aggies | Aggie FieldDavis, CA | W 10–0 | |
| November 10 | Sacramento State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | W 26–0 | |
| November 16 | Chico State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | W 47–25 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# La Ville-aux-Dames

La Ville-aux-Dames (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 660 | — |
| 1800 | 551 | −2.55% |
| 1806 | 595 | +1.29% |
| 1821 | 675 | +0.84% |
| 1831 | 657 | −0.27% |
| 1836 | 635 | −0.68% |
| 1841 | 632 | −0.09% |
| 1846 | 661 | +0.90% |
| 1851 | 644 | −0.52% |
| 1856 | 606 | −1.21% |
| 1861 | 580 | −0.87% |
| 1866 | 552 | −0.98% |
| 1872 | 533 | −0.58% |
| 1876 | 515 | −0.86% |
| 1881 | 506 | −0.35% |
| 1886 | 478 | −1.13% |
| 1891 | 502 | +0.98% |
| 1896 | 535 | +1.28% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 508 | −1.03% |
| 1906 | 539 | +1.19% |
| 1911 | 592 | +1.89% |
| 1921 | 620 | +0.46% |
| 1926 | 670 | +1.56% |
| 1931 | 684 | +0.41% |
| 1936 | 722 | +1.09% |
| 1946 | 783 | +0.81% |
| 1954 | 1,001 | +3.12% |
| 1962 | 1,420 | +4.47% |
| 1968 | 1,915 | +5.11% |
| 1975 | 2,479 | +3.76% |
| 1982 | 3,481 | +4.97% |
| 1990 | 4,193 | +2.35% |
| 1999 | 4,647 | +1.15% |
| 2007 | 4,700 | +0.14% |
| 2012 | 5,021 | +1.33% |
| 2017 | 5,487 | +1.79% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017) :
# The Mountain Between Us

The Mountain Between Us may refer to:
* The Mountain Between Us (novel), a 2011 romance-disaster novel written by Charles Martin
** The Mountain Between Us (film), a 2017 film adaptation of the novel, starring Idris Elba and Kate Winslet
* The Mountains Between Us, a 1956 Swiss film
# La gorilla

La gorilla ("The female bodyguard") is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Romolo Guerrieri.

## Plot

Misadventure follows the bodyguard Ruby, a muscular girl in love with a shy designer in spite of her father, the owner of the security agency Securitas, who wants her married to a more rich and important suitor.

## Cast

* Lory Del Santo as Ruby
* Gianfranco D'Angelo as Ruby's father
* Tullio Solenghi as Adelmo Spallanzani
* Giorgio Bracardi as Professor Marcellini / Professor Aristide Pollastrini
* Ugo Fangareggi as Macrò
# The Living Room (play)

The Living Room is a 1953 play by Graham Greene

## Synopsis

The play consists of two acts, each of two scenes and is set entirely in the living room of Rose Pemberton and her two elderly aunts who live with the aunts' brother James, a disabled Roman Catholic priest. The aunts have a long-running fear of death in the house, with any bedroom being locked away from further use following a death of its resident family member. The story revolves around the introduction of Rose's new lover, Michael Dennis, to the family. It later transpires that Michael is married when his suicidal wife arrives at the house.

## Premiere

After premiering at the Lyceum Theatre in Edinburgh it transferred to the West End where it ran for 308 performances at Wyndham's Theatre between 16 April 1953 and 9 January 1954.

### Original cast

* Mary, the daily woman – Dorothy Dewhurst
* Michael Dennis – John Robinson
* Rose Pemberton – Dorothy Tutin
* Miss Teresa Browne – Mary Jerrold
* Miss Helen Browne – Violet Farebrother
* Father James Browne – Eric Portman
* Mrs Dennis – Valerie Taylor

## Broadway

A Broadway production followed in November 1954 at Henry Miller's Theatre, where it ran for just 22 performances.

### Broadway cast

* Mary, the daily woman – Hazel Jones
* Michael Dennis – Michael Goodliffe
* Rose Pemberton – Barbara Bel Geddes
* Miss Teresa Browne – Nora Nicholson
* Miss Helen Browne – Ann Shoemaker
* Father James Browne – Walter Fitzgerald
* Mrs Dennis – Carol Goodner

## Critical reception

The Sunday Express found the drama's central relationship "basically revolting," though concluded that the play would run and run, "because nothing is so appealing to a British audience as sex with an odour of sanctity and the glow of highbrowism"; whereas despite reservations, Kenneth Tynan called it "the best first play of its generation." The New York Times however, noted "a literate and rather bloodless drama...Although dramatic form often eludes novelists who are used to more time and space, Mr. Greene has made the transition competently."

## Revivals

The Living Room was revived at the Jermyn Street Theatre in March 2013, with a cast including Christopher Timothy and Tuppence Middleton.
# The Living Room Sessions

The Living Room Sessions may refer to:
* The Living Room Sessions (David Grisman, Frank Vignola, Robin Nolan and Michael Papillo album), 2007
* The Living Room Sessions (B. J. Thomas album), 2013
* The Living Room Sessions Part 1, a 2012 album by Ravi Shankar
* The Living Room Sessions Part 2, a 2013 album by Ravi Shankar
# LQG

LQG may refer to:
* Loop quantum gravity, a theory that aims to merge quantum mechanics and general relativity
* Liouville quantum gravity, a theory of gravity on two-dimensional surfaces
* Linear–quadratic–Gaussian control, an optimal control problem
* Large quasar group, a massive collection of black holes and the largest known object in the universe
# The Man with the Axe

The Man with the Axe may refer to:
* "The Man with the Axe", a 2021 song by Lorde from Solar Power
* The King of Diamonds in a standard 52-card deck of playing cards
* Parashuram (1979 film)
# Tamolan languages

The Tamolan languages are a small family of clearly related languages spoken in the region of the Guam River in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Languages

The Tamolan languages are:
* Tamolan
** Inapang (dialect continuum)
*** Midsivindi
*** Itutang (Isarikan)
*** Yigavesakama
** Chini–Iski
*** Akrukay (Chini)
*** Iski (dialect continuum)
**** Romkun
**** Breri
Kominimung and Igana are said to also be Tamolan languages, but no data has been collected to establish that.
Tamolan is classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea.

## Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
    Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Nasal *m*n*ŋ Plosive plain *p*t*k prenasalized *ᵐb*ⁿd*ᵑg Affricate *ⁿdz Fricative *s Liquid *w*ɾ*j*ɣ
Vowels are *i *ʉ *u *a.

## Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:
    sgdupl 1 *uku*aŋgʉ*ani 2 *un*uŋgʉ*uni 3 *an, *ma ? ?
Plus 1sg object *na.
Proto-Tamolan–Ataitan (Proto-Guam–Moam) is very similar, and nearly identical to Proto-Moam.