OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dangle

Dangle, dangler or dangling may refer to:
* Dangler (plot device), an unresolved plot line in a story
* Dangle (espionage), an agent of one side who pretends to be interested in defecting to another side
* Dangle, a type of earring
* Dangle, in ice hockey, a variety of moves where a player dekes (fakes) out a goalie or player (it originally meant to skate fast with the puck)
* Dangle, in lacrosse, a complete defeat of a defender or goalie achieved by performing complex stick moves and tricks

## People with the surname

* Lloyd Dangle, American writer and artist
* Lt. Jim Dangle, a Reno 911! character
# Boğazgören, Olur

Boğazgören is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Olur, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 97 (2022).
# Giraffes at BioParque do Rio Case

The case of the giraffes at BioParque do Rio refers to the importation of 18 giraffes in November 2021 by BioParque do Rio. The purchase of giraffes was the largest import of large animals ever made in Brazil. However, on December 14, the giraffes were sunning themselves in an outdoor area when six giraffes broke through the fence and managed to escape. All were recaptured, but three of them died a few hours later. A report made by veterinarians hired by BioParque pointed out that the cause of the giraffes' deaths was myopathy, a condition that can be provoked by stress.

## Context

In Brazil, there were 17 giraffes in the country in 2021 and the group of then 18 new giraffes was part of a conservation project. Upon arrival in Brazil, the giraffes were taken to the Portobello Resort & Safári, in Mangaratiba, in an area far from the city on the Costa Verde.

## Controversies

After the death of the three giraffes, environmentalists who visited the site denounced that it was small and unsuitable for the animals. Police arrested two men on Wednesday for "ill-treatment", although BioParque denies ill-treatment. On January 26, the Federal Police seized the remaining 15 giraffes at the Portobello Resort & Safári, where the animals are located and found mistreatment. Thus, not only should the giraffes' housing conditions be examined, but also how they were imported and whether their importation was legal, since the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies giraffes as "Vulnerable".
   Both Ibama and the Federal Police who were there today [January 26, 2022] characterized that giraffe situation as a crime of mistreatment. For these reasons, those responsible for the Cataratas Group were taken to the Federal Police.
In a later analysis of the documentation for importing the animals, it was found that in the license issued by Ibama, all giraffes received the same code: "w", from "wild". This code was created by an international convention that classifies the origin of animals – and "w" means "animals taken from nature", which would make importation illegal, since Ibama prohibits the importation of animals taken from nature. In this context, the Public Ministry of Brazil now wants the giraffes to be returned to their original context in South Africa.
In an official note, BioParque do Rio reiterates its "responsibility with the management of fauna, with long-term nature restoration projects and claims that there is no mistreatment as they try to suggest in unfounded accusations. Giraffes are adapting to an environment prepared for your needs and approved by the competent bodies". The institution also states, at the end of the note, that it deeply regrets what happened.
# Hammerschmidtia

Hammerschmidtia is a Holarctic genus of hoverflies whose larvae live in sap under the bark of freshly fallen trees.

## Diagnostics

For terminology see Speight key to genera and glossary Archived 2023-01-22 at the Wayback Machine The face of the male is tuberculate, with long hairs on the upper and lower sides of the lower three-quarters of the arista. Most of the hairs are several times longer than the arista. The scutum is armed with very evident spines, while the anepisternum, postalar callus, and scutellum have strong bristles. The abdomen is twice as long as the thorax, and the first posterior cell does not end acutely from the apex of the wing. The apical section of R$_{4+5}$ is longer than the crossvein r-m, and the upper marginal cross-vein M$_1$ is curved inwards where it meets R$_{4+5}$. The legs are armed with spines and the anterior four tibiae terminate in a row of bristles. The femora are considerably swollen, especially the hind pair, which has numerous conspicuous spines below. Genitalia described by Sedman

## Species

* Hammerschmidtia ferruginea (Fallén, 1817)
* Hammerschmidtia ingrica (Stackelberg, 1952)
* Hammerschmidtia rufa
* Hammerschmidtia sedmani (Vockeroth, Moran & Skevington, 2019)
* Hammerschmidtia tropia (Chu, 1994)
# United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board

The United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) is a Federal Advisory Committee that provides independent advice on matters of science and technology relating to the Air Force mission, reporting directly to the Secretary of the Air Force and Chief of Staff of the Air Force. In the past, it has provided advice on technologies such as: supersonic aircraft, weather forecasting, satellite communications, medical research, crewless airplanes, and defenses against aircraft and missiles. Today, the SAB performs in-depth reviews of the Air Force Research Laboratory's science and technology research, and performs studies on topics tasked by the Secretary and Chief of Staff. Members are appointed by the Secretary of Defense.

## History

The board was established in 1944 under the name Scientific Advisory Group with General Henry H. Arnold as the military director and Dr. Theodore von Kármán as the board chair. The group was asked to evaluate the aeronautical research and development programs and facilities of the Axis powers of World War II, and to provide recommendations for future United States Air Force research and development programs. The group's name was changed to the Scientific Advisory Board in 1946.$^{:146}$

## SAB Chairs

| No. | Name | Term of Office | Term of Office |
| No. | Name | Began | Ended |
| 1 | Dr. Theodore von Kármán (Chairman Emeritus −1963$^{:172}$) | 1946 | 1955 |
| 2 | Dr. Mervin J. Kelly | 1955 | 1956 |
| 3 | Gen. James H. "Jimmy" Doolittle, Maj Gen | 1956 | 1959 |
| 4 | Lt. Gen. Donald L. Putt | 1959 | 1962 |
| 5 | Dr. H. Guyford Stever | 1962 | 1969 |
| 6 | Dr. Courtland D. Perkins | 1969 | 1973 |
| 7 | Dr. Robert G. Loewy | 1973 | 1977 |
| 8 | Dr. Gerald P. Dinneen | 1977 | 1978 |
| 9 | Dr. Courtland D. Perkins | 1978 | 1979 |
| 10 | Dr. Raymond L. Bisplinghoff | 1979 | 1982 |
| 11 | Dr. Eugene E. Covert | 1982 | 1986 |
| 12 | Dr. Robert W. Lucky | 1986 | 1989 |
| 13 | Dr. Edwin B. Stear | 1989 | 1990 |
| 14 | Dr. Harold W. Sorenson | 1990 | 1993 |
| 15 | Dr. Gene McCall | 1993 | 1996 |
| 16 | Mrs. Natalie Crawford and Dr. William F. Ballhaus | 1996 | 1999 |
| 17 | Dr. Robert W. Selden | 1999 | 2002 |
| 18 | Dr. Daniel E. Hastings | 2002 | 2005 |
| 19 | Ms. Heidi Shyu | 2005 | 2008 |
| 20 | Dr. John Betz | 2008 | 2011 |
| 21 | Dr. Eliahu Niewood | 2011 | 2014 |
| 22 | Dr. Werner J.A. Dahm | 2014 | 2017 |
| 23 | Dr. James Chow | 2017 | 2020 |
# Putnam Griswold

Putnam Griswold (1875 – February 26, 1914) was an American opera bass singer.

## Early life and education

Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1875, Griswold originally followed a business career. At the age of 22 he discovered his voice and began to study with a local teacher in California.
In 1900 he went to London, where he was for two years a pupil of Alberto Randegger at the Royal College of Music. During the winter of 1902/03 he studied under Bouhy at Paris, the next winter under Julius Stockhausen at Frankfurt; and finally he completed his studies with Emerich at Berlin in 1905.

## Career

His operatic début took place at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, in 1901. During the summer of 1904 he sang at the Royal Opera in Berlin. After having sung the role of Gurnemanz in Savage's production of Parsifal in America (1904–1905), he became in 1906 a regular member of the Berlin Opera. There he remained, appearing also as guest in various German cities, until he came to the Metropolitan Opera House in 1911, where through his interpretation of Wagner's heroes, he immediately won over the public and critics.
Griswold was the first American bass to sing the great Wagner roles at the Metropolitan, where he was compared with the most distinguished of his foreign predecessors. He had been a prime favorite in Berlin, where the critics had praised him as the greatest foreign interpreter of Wotan and he was twice decorated by Emperor William (Kaiser Wilhelm).

## Death

He died in the winter of 1914 while working for the Metropolitan Opera. His sudden death due to an attack of appendicitis—came as a shock to his numerous admirers. Following his death, German Emperor Wilhelm II conveyed his gratitude to Mrs. Griswold for sending him a medallion of her husband portraying Hagen in Wagner's Götterdämmerung.
# John Swynnerton

Sir John Swynnerton (died 8 December 1616) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1601 and 1611. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1612.
He was born the son of John Swynnerton of Dudleston, Shropshire.
Swynnerton was a member of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors. In 1601, he was elected Member of Parliament for Petersfield. He was elected alderman of the City of London for Cripplegate ward on 22 June 1602 and was Sheriff of London from 1602 to 1603. He was knighted on 26 July 1603.
In 1604, he was elected MP for East Grinstead and sat until 1611. From 1606 to 1607 he was Master of the Merchant Taylors Company. He was elected Lord Mayor of London in 1612. In 1616 he was colonel in the South Regiment Trained Bands.
On his death in 1616 he was buried at St Mary Aldermanbury.
# John Obey Beach

8°14′43.8″N 13°09′51″W﻿ / ﻿8.245500°N 13.16417°W﻿ / 8.245500; -13.16417 John Obey Beach (sometimes shortened to John Obey) is a village in Sierra Leone, 20 miles (32 km) south of Freetown, in the western peninsula region.
As of 2011, the village has a population of 372.
In July 2010, the local community at John Obey formed a partnership with sustainable tourism organization Tribewanted and are together building an eco community at the beach. The project has up to 30 visitors staying at any given time in earthbag domes, designed and constructed in partnership with Cal-Earth, and taking part in community life.
# John Thorne (MP)

John Thorne (fl. 1383–1393) of Guildford, Surrey, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Guildford in October 1383, September 1388 and 1393.
# John Thorne (writer)

John Thorne is an American food writer. He has written and released several books, most of which are about gastronomy.

## Biography

Thorne was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. A graduate of Amherst College, he began to teach himself to cook frugally while living briefly on the Lower East Side in New York City in the 1960s, where he was attempting to launch his writing career.
In the early 1970s, he was a teacher for several years at Stockbridge School, a progressive New England boarding school that closed in 1976. Thorne subsequently lived in Boston for a number of years, where he self-published a number of culinary pamphlets reviewed at the time by The New York Times, which in 1983 grew into his ongoing newsletter, "Simple Cooking".
In the mid 1980s, Thorne moved to coastal Maine to devote himself exclusively to food writing, and became associated with Matt Lewis, with whom he later co-authored a number of his books and his newsletter. During the 1990s, the couple moved to Northampton, Massachusetts, where they remained as of 2010.
Thorne's newsletter features essays on food preparation and appreciation blended with autobiographical sections. It also includes purported commentary from fictional characters from the fantasy "No Name Diner", as well as cookbook reviews, and occasionally opposing essays by various pseudonymous authors, who are apparently Thorne.
Based upon the newsletter's success, Thorne authored at least six books issued by major publishers as of 2009. Publishers Weekly, reviewing Outlaw Cook, said his "essays delight with passion and originality". The content of much of these works had previously appeared in the self-published newsletters. Thorne has been cited as the best American food writer by both Gourmet and Connoisseur magazines and other sources. Saveur magazine named him to their 2009 Saveur 100 list, calling him "the poet of the every day", and his work was for many years frequently quoted in various national newspapers and other publications.
# John Thorne (civil servant)

Sir John Anderson Thorne KCIE, CSI (17 October 1888 – 29 April 1964) was a senior civil servant in the Indian Civil Service who served as the Secretary of the Home Department and later as Home Member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council.

## Early life

John Anderson Thorne was born in Madagascar and educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton. He passed the Indian Civil Service examinations in 1911 and spent his probation at Balliol College at Oxford.

## Indian Civil Service

Thorne spent 22 years in various posts in the Madras Presidency and in 1920 was selected to be Secretary of the Board of Revenue, holding this position for two years. After time in district work he returned to the board in 1931 and in 1935 officiated as joint secretary to the Government of India, Home Department, and shortly thereafter took charge of the secretaryship until 1938. In 1938 Thorne was selected to be Secretary to the Governor-General (Public) and on two occasions he acted for brief periods as a temporary member of the Governor-General’s Council, and in 1945 became Home Member, a position he held until his retirement in 1946.

## Later life

On the expiry of his term, Thorne returned to England and farmed at Sedlescombe.

## Honours

Thorne was made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1931 Birthday Honours, Companion of the Order of the Star of India in the 1938 New Year Honours and Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1942 New Year Honours.
# John Thornell

John Thornell may refer to:
* John F. Thornell Jr., United States Air Force officer and World War II flying ace
* John Thornell (athlete), Australian long jumper
# John Paul Jones House

The John Paul Jones House is a historic house at 43 Middle Street in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Now a historic house museum and a National Historic Landmark, it is where American Revolutionary War naval hero John Paul Jones, resided from 1781 to 1782 when it was operated as a boarding house. He also lived in a home in Fredericksburg, Virginia, on Caroline Street, owned by his brother.

## History

The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house was built in 1758 by the master housewright Hopestill Cheswell, a successful African-American builder in the city. The house was built for Captain Gregory Purcell, who owned it with his wife Sarah until his death in 1776.
After Purcell's death his wife took in boarders, until her own death in 1783. The American naval hero John Paul Jones rented a room at the widow Purcell's during 1781–1782, while supervising construction of the ship America.
The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972.

## Description

The house is 2+1⁄2 stories high, with a gambrel roof, and two chimneys projecting from the interior. A two-story addition to the northeast was added in the early 19th century. The five-bay main facade has a central entry topped by a segmented arch pediment, supported by flanking pilasters. The first floor windows of the main facade are topped by triangular pediments. The interior of the house follows a typical Georgian center-hall plan, with rooms flanking a central hall with stairs. To the left of the hall are a parlor in front, and a counting room or office in the rear, while to the right is a large dining room with what was originally the kitchen behind. Upstairs there are four bedrooms; that of Jones was in the southeast corner. The third floor has five bedrooms.
The downstairs rooms now contain museum exhibits, and the dining room has been decorated to early 19th-century taste. The house has belonged to the Portsmouth Historical Society since 1919, and is open to the public.
# John Yuda Msuri

John Yuda Msuri (born June 9, 1979 in Dodoma) is a Tanzanian long-distance runner.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Tanzania ||||||
| 2003 | World Half Marathon Championships | Vilamoura, Portugal | 5th | Half Marathon | 1:01:13 |
| 2005 | World Half Marathon Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 6th | Half Marathon | 1:02:11 |
* 2002 World Half Marathon Championships - bronze medal
* 2002 World Cross Country Championships - silver medal (long race)
* 2002 Commonwealth Games - bronze medal (10,000 m)
* 2001 World Half Marathon Championships - bronze medal
* 2001 East African Championships - gold medal (10,000 m)
# John Varnell

John Varnell (born May 13, 1941 in Kermit, Texas) was an American football player and educator. He played defensive end and many other positions under coach Joe Kerbel at West Texas State University (WTSU) and later went on to play professionally. Varnell was elected captain of the 1962 WTSU team that went 9-2 and eventually won the Sun Bowl 15–14 over Ohio University.
After playing in the Southwest Challenge Bowl in Corpus Christi, Texas, and the East–West Shrine Game in San Francisco, California, he entered the 1964 pro football draft where he was selected with the 33rd pick by the Houston Oilers in the American Football League (AFL) and the 91st pick in the National Football League (NFL) by the Los Angeles Rams.
After the 1964 season, there was a coaching change in Houston and Varnell chose to move to the NFL and play for the Rams who had also drafted him in the previous year. He broke his neck in the preseason and never played in a regular season game for the Rams. While recovering from the neck injury, and still under contract by the Rams, Varnell was recruited by the Toronto Argonauts to play in the Canadian Football League (CFL). An arrangement was made to compensate the Rams to release Varnell from his contract and Varnell went to Canada. The Argonauts finished 5-9 that year and Varnell had an unfortunate career ending knee injury.
After an injury plagued professional football career in 1966, Varnell returned to Texas to complete his Bachelor of Science at WTSU. Later, he completed his Master of Science at Sul Ross State University in 1976. He coached football and other sports while teaching mathematics, geometry, and physics in many Texas High Schools and one college, including Amarillo High, Springlake-Earth, Tulia, Big Spring, Ector High School in Odessa, Thomas Jefferson, Spruce, Woodrow Wilson, and South Oak Cliff in Dallas, Texas. While teaching and coaching at Woodrow Wilson in 1996, Varnell was selected to the publication Who's Who Among America's Teachers.
Varnell died on October 30, 2011 in Denton, Texas.
# Sherry Fletcher

Sherry Ingrid Veronica Fletcher (born 17 January 1986) is a female track and field sprinter from Grenada, who specializes in the 200 metres. Her personal best time is 22.67 seconds, achieved in June 2007 in Sacramento. This is the current Grenadian record. Fletcher also holds the Grenadian 100 metres record with 11.18 seconds, achieved during the heats at the 2007 Pan American Games.
In 2007, she won the bronze medal in this event at the Pan American Games, where she also finished fifth in the 100 metres. She then participated at the World Championships in Osaka where she reached the quarter-finals in the 100 and Semi Finals in the 200 metre sprint. Fletcher represented Grenada at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing competing at the 100 metres sprint. In her first round heat she placed fifth in a time of 11.65 which was not enough to advance to the second round. Fletcher ran track collegiately at Louisiana State University and was the 2007 NCAA 100m champion winning with a time of 11.20 seconds.
She is the older sister of Grenadian Cricketer Andre Fletcher

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Grenada ||||||
| 2001 | CARIFTA Games (U-17) | Bridgetown, Barbados | 7th | 100 m | 12.46s (0.0 m/s) |
| 2001 | CARIFTA Games (U-17) | Bridgetown, Barbados | 3rd (h) | 200 m | 25.61s (-1.9 m/s) |
| 2002 | CARIFTA Games (U-17) | Nassau, Bahamas | 5th | 100 m | 12.16s (0.6 m/s) |
| 2002 | CARIFTA Games (U-17) | Nassau, Bahamas | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:46.23 |
| 2003 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 7th | 100 m | 11.97s w (3.8 m/s) |
| 2003 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 4th (h) | 200 m | 24.82s (1.9 m/s) |
| 2003 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 47.02s |
| 2003 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:59.68 |
| 2004 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Hamilton, Bermuda | 5th | 100 m | 12.00s (-1.7 m/s) |
| 2004 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Hamilton, Bermuda | 4th | 200 m | 23.91s (1.1 m/s) |
| 2004 | World Junior Championships | Grosseto, Italy | 20th (sf) | 200m | 24.61 (wind: +0.5 m/s) |
| 2005 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Bacolet, Trinidad and Tobago | 2nd | 100 m | 11.72s (0.9 m/s) |
| 2005 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Bacolet, Trinidad and Tobago | 3rd | 200 m | 24.03s (0.1 m/s) |
| 2005 | CARIFTA Games (U-20) | Bacolet, Trinidad and Tobago | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 45.41s NR |
| 2007 | Pan American Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 4th | 100m | 11.36 |
| 2007 | Pan American Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2nd | 200m | 22.96 |
| 2007 | World Championships in Athletics | Osaka, Japan | 5th (qf) | 100m | 11.32 |
| 2007 | World Championships in Athletics | Osaka, Japan | 10th (sf) | 200m | 22.96 |
# Shark River Inlet

The Shark River Inlet is an inlet that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Shark River, located entirely in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The Shark River Inlet acts as a border between the towns of Belmar and Avon-by-the-Sea at the Atlantic Ocean. The Shark River Inlet is the only river inlet exclusively in Monmouth County that drains directly into the Atlantic Ocean; the Shrewsbury and Navesink rivers drain into Sandy Hook Bay (part of the much larger Lower New York Bay), and the Manasquan River is shared with Ocean County.
The inlet provides access to a marina where commercial, charter, and private fishing boats are moored.

## History

Despite its name, sharks swimming in the Shark River Inlet are a rare occurrence. The origin of the name Shark River is unknown. Some locals will claim the inlet got its name from a shark found in the river during the 1800s, while others believe the name is from the shark teeth commonly found upstream. The bridge above the estuary was constructed in 1933, costing around $400,000 to build. The electric powered bridge is lifted several times a day to let boats pass through it.

## Activities

The inlet is also a popular fishing spot, often used to catch blue fish and stripers. During the summer months, fishermen can be found at the inlet from sunrise to sundown. Divers also use the inlet to spearfish.
Swimming in the inlet is not advised due to its dangerous currents and rough waters. Many people have lost their lives in the river as a result of swimming. If one is interested in diving at the inlet, they should consult the New Jersey Scuba diving site to read up on reports. Diving is also restricted from 8:00 AM – 5:30 PM from October 1 to May 1.
On July 6, 2008 a small four seater plane crashed into a shallow area of water in Shark River. The single occupant was killed immediately on impact.
40°11′13″N 74°00′29″W﻿ / ﻿40.18694°N 74.00806°W﻿ / 40.18694; -74.00806