OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wikipedia – A New Community of Practice?

Wikipedia: A New Community of Practice? is a 2009 book by British historian Dan O'Sullivan, published by Ashgate Publishing. The book takes an academic approach to Wikipedia, applying the ideas of theorists like Jürgen Habermas, Michael Warner, and Roland Barthes.

## Contents

O'Sullivan begins with an overview of group theory, and explores several groups he sees to be precursors to Wikipedia: the Library of Alexandria, the British Royal Society, the French Republic of Letters (focusing on Denis Diderot and the Encyclopédie), the Oxford English Dictionary, and the Left Book Club, a mid-century British communist publishing collective. For each group, O'Sullivan discusses the group's aims; its community and make-up; its costs of doing business (transaction costs); its relations with the public; and its legacy.
The second part of the book applies the group theory approach to Wikipedia, devoting a chapter to each aspect. Chapter 10, on the structure of Wikipedia, explains the use of "talk pages" and featured articles. Chapter 13, "Wikipedia and the Nature of Knowledge," explores the question of expertise. In this chapter O'Sullivan claims a fundamental disagreement between Wikipedia's two founders, Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. While Wales, an admirer of the economist Friedrich Hayek, believed in the wisdom of crowds and that Wikipedia would eventually converge to ideal pages, Sanger believed in the necessity of experts to ensure quality content. O'Sullivan puts Wikipedia in the context of philosophical debates about expertise and elitism.
The third and final part of the book explains how to use Wikipedia. O'Sullivan includes chapters on browsing and editing, and his longest chapter provides a 10-point schema to assess the value of Wikipedia articles. He uses the article on the Great Fire of London as an example, and a significant portion of the chapter reproduces earlier versions of it.

## Reviews

The book was reviewed in the academic journals Libraries and the Academy and Library Review, as well as in Wikipedia's community-written newspaper The Signpost.
# Acrocercops theaeformisella

Acrocercops theaeformisella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Madagascar.
The larvae feed on Aphloia theiformis. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
# White jersey

Numerous cycling stage races award a white jersey to signify the current leader and overall winner of a certain competition, or to signify the best young rider in the race. The most prominent of these is the Tour de France, where the jersey is known as the maillot blanc and is awarded to the best-placed rider age under 26. The use of the white jersey to recognize the best young rider in a race is its most common use, though some tours award a white jersey for a different classification.
Other stage races, besides the Tour de France, that also award a white jersey for the best young rider include:
* Deutschland Tour
* Giro d'Italia (known as the maglia bianca, and the cut-off is 25 years instead of 26)
* Paris–Nice
* Tour of California (where the cut-off is age 23 instead of 26)
* Tour of Ireland

## Other white jerseys

Some stage races award a white jersey for a different classification than youth. The foremost of these is probably the Vuelta a España, where it recognizes the leader in the Combination classification. In this classification, ranks in the General, Points, and Mountains classifications are added, and whoever has the lowest cumulative total is awarded the white jersey. It is a relatively new award, having existed only since the 2003 edition of the race. In 1941, the Vuelta a España white jersey was for the leader and overall winner of the General classification.
The Tour of the Basque Country awards a white jersey to the leader and overall winner of the Points classification. The Volta a Catalunya awards a white jersey with green stripes to the leader and overall winner of the General classification. The 2008 Tour de Suisse awarded a white jersey to a somewhat unusual competition, the Sprints classification, which awards placings not on stage finishes but strictly in intermediate sprints.
The Tour Down Under awards a white jersey, with green piping and side panels, to the leader and ultimately the winner of the King of the Mountains classification.
# Volksbank Neckartal

The Volksbank Neckartal eG is a German cooperative bank headquartered in Eberbach.

## History

In 1865 a small circle of liberal thinking Eberbacher citizens who were connected to the idea of self-help founded the Vorschussverein Eberbach (advance association) based on the model of the co-operative founding fathers Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen and Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch. Three years later, the Vorschussverein Neckargemünd was founded. Both advance associations are predecessor institutions of today's Volksbank Neckartal.
In 2001, Volksbank Eberbach-Hessisches Neckartal merged with Volksbank Neckargemünd-Meckesheim, which emerged from the merger of Volksbank Neckargemünd and Volksbank Meckesheim in 1998, to form Volksbank Neckartal. In 2009, the merger took place between Volksbank Neckartal and Volksbank Schwarzbachtal.

## Structure

Volksbank Neckartal eG has 34 offices in its business area and has 373 employees. With 46,015 members, Volksbank Neckartal eG is the largest association of individuals in the region. Via the Representatives' Meeting and Supervisory Board these members, in accordance with the Cooperatives Act and the Articles of Association, determine the bank's business policy. In addition to the bank's own products and services, the Volksbank Neckartal eG also offers services from the cooperative financial group (Bausparkasse Schwäbisch Hall, R+V Versicherung, Union Investment, DZ Bank, VR Leasing and the cooperative mortgage banks).
Main offices are in:
* Eberbach
* Helmstadt
* Meckenheim
* Neckargemünd
* Waibstadt
Business offices are located in:
* Aglasterhausen
* Bammental
* Dilsberg
* Eberbach-Nord
* Epfenbach
* Eschelbronn
* Gaiberg
* Gauangelloch
* Hirschhorn
* Lobenfeld
* Wall
* Mückenloch
* Münzenbach
* Neckarbischofsheim
* Neckargerach
* Neckarsteinach
* Neunkirchen
* Reichartshausen
* Schönau
* Schönbrunn
* Spechbach
* Strümpfelbrunn
* Waldwimmersbach
* Wiesenbach
* Zuzenhausen
* Self-Service Neidenstein
* Self-Service Eberbach Neuer Markt
* Self-Service Mönchzell
* Self-Service Oberdielbach
# Ada Roach

Ada Roach was an American musical comedy actress and entertainer on the Chautauqua and lyceum circuits. She was head of the Ada Roach Company (also called "Ada Roach and Company") from 1915 to 1917, and partner of Ruth Freeman in the Roach-Freeman Duo into the 1920s.

## Career

In 1913 Roach performed with The Killarney Girls, a touring group presenting Irish songs and dances. As head of the six-person Ada Roach and Company from 1915 to 1917, she starred in Charles F. Horner's The Heart of the Immigrant (1915), "a stirring musical play which also abounds in histrionic and educational features", on the lyceum circuit. The show toured for two years. In Nebraska, the company's car broke down and they carried their luggage six miles on foot, rather than miss their curtain.
She was called a "bundle of sunshine" guaranteed to "chase the shadows from the face of the sourest of the sour." Her exuberant comedic talents were held to be especially welcome during wartime. By April 1918 she was partnered with fellow Killarney Girls alumna Ruth Freeman in a two-woman act, the Roach-Freeman Duo. They performed as part of the Liberty Girls show in 1918. Roach sang Irish songs, played accordion and banjo, and told stories, while Freeman presented a Swedish persona and played violin. The Roach-Freeman team moved to New York in 1922. They were both in the cast of a touring musical comedy, Meet Cousin Mary, in 1923. Roach and Freeman appeared together on the Chautauqua platforms in California and Montana in 1924.
In 1926, Ada Roach toured with another partner, pianist Martha Trippeer. She performed on radio in 1927, as a humorist, storyteller, and impersonator, on WMAQ in Chicago.

## Personal life

Ada Roach and her niece Jane McKenna were both injured in a car accident in 1917, in Chicago, and Roach was hospitalized for a month.
# Acetaldehyde (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on acetaldehyde.

## Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may require safety precautions. The directions on the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) should be followed.
* SDSdata.org index

## Structure and properties

Structure and properties :
| Index of refraction, n$_D$ | 1.3392 at 18 °C |
| Abbe number | ? |
| Dielectric constant, ε$_r$ | 21.1 ε$_0$ at 21 °C |
| Bond strength | ? |
| Bond length | ? |
| Bond angle | ? |
| Magnetic susceptibility | ? |
| Surface tension | 22.3 dyn/cm at 10 °C 21.2 dyn/cm at 20 °C 17.0 dyn/cm at 50 °C |
| Viscosity | 0.2751 mPa·s at 0 °C 0.2521 mPa·s at 10 °C 0.2307 mPa·s at 20 °C |

## Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior :
| Triple point | ? K (? °C), ? Pa |
| Critical point | 466 K (183 °C), 5570 kPa |
| Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$H$^o$ | 2.310 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of fusion, Δ$_{fus}$S$^o$ | 15.43 J/(mol·K) |
| Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$H$^o$ | 26.12 kJ/mol |
| Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ$_{vap}$S$^o$ | ? J/(mol·K) |
| Solid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{solid}$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | ? J/(mol K) |
| Liquid properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{liquid}$ | –196.4 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{liquid}$ | 117.3 J/(mol K) |
| Enthalpy of combustion, Δ$_c$H$^o$ | –1167 kJ/mol |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 96.21 J/(mol K) at 0 °C 89.05 J/(mol K) at 25 °C |
| Gas properties ||
| Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ$_f$H$^o$$_{gas}$ | –170.7 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S$^o$$_{gas}$ | 250.3 J/(mol K) |
| Heat capacity, c$_p$ | 55.32 J/(mol K) at 25 °C |

## Vapor pressure of liquid

| P in mm Hg | P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 |
| T in °C | T in °C | –81.5 | –56.8 | –37.8 | –22.6 | 4.9 | 20.2 |
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.

## Spectral data

UV-Vis :
| λ$_{max}$ | ? nm |
| Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
| IR ||
| Major absorption bands | (liquid film) Wave numbertransmittance 3432 cm$^{−1}$72% 3001 cm$^{−1}$66% 2846 cm$^{−1}$42% 2733 cm$^{−1}$44% 1727 cm$^{−1}$4% 1629 cm$^{−1}$79% 1429 cm$^{−1}$36% 1401 cm$^{−1}$41% 1350 cm$^{−1}$25% 1179 cm$^{−1}$70% 1114 cm$^{−1}$29% 945 cm$^{−1}$77% 767 cm$^{−1}$61% 514 cm$^{−1}$35% |
| NMR ||
| Proton NMR | |
| Carbon-13 NMR | |
| Other NMR data | |
| MS ||
| Masses of main fragments | |
# Vladimir Kaplan

Vladimir Kaplan (January 11, 1925 – September, 2000) was a noted player of pool checkers from Russia. Kaplan was an International Grandmaster who immigrated from Russia in 1977 to live in New York City, New York and by 1983 he played competitively for the United States.
His wife worked as an accountant on Wall Street to support his profession. He reportedly had some difficulties in international competitions because he was Jewish. Kaplan also wrote several books on the game.

## Sources

* ↑ Philadelphia Inquirer
* ↑ New York Times
* ↑ Pool Checkers Books by Vladimir Kaplan
# Whitten effect

The Whitten effect is stimulation, by male pheromones, of synchronous estrus in a female population.
Social signals, or social stimuli, have an effect on reproduction in all mammals. For certain female mice, the pheromones contained in the urine of male mice can be such stimuli, inducing synchronous estrus.
When the pheromones contained in the urine of male mice stimulate synchronous estrus in a population of female mice, it is known as the Whitten effect. This is a phenomenon observed by Wesley K. Whitten (1956, 1966, 1968), whereby male mouse pheromone-laden urine synchronizes the estrus cycle "among unisexually grouped females," and is an example of male-to-female pheromonal effects in mice, similar to the Bruce effect.
The Whitten effect occurs when a group of female mice are exposed to the urine produced by a male mouse. The male’s urine contains certain volatile, or airborne, pheromones that affect the hormonal processes of the females that control their reproductive status. A sexually mature and viable male must produce the urine, as the pheromones that produce the Whitten effect are dependent on male sex hormones such as testosterone.
The female mice do not require direct contact with the male’s urine to produce the Whitten effect, as the pheromone contained in the urine is airborne and therefore is taken up by the females through their olfactory system. The reproductive cycle of female mice in isolation is approximately 4 to 5 days, and the reproductive cycles of grouped females are often longer and more irregular. However, when grouped female mice are exposed to the pheromones contained in a male’s urine, the Whitten effect occurs, and the majority of the female mice will enter a new estrus cycle by the third day of exposure. However, there is little evidence for a similarly functioning vomeronasal, or olfactory, system (thought to be the sensory organ that initiates the Bruce, Vandenbergh, and Whitten effects) in humans. These differences, in putative stimulus and neural pathway (as well as species observed), stringently distinguishes the Whitten and McClintock effect, as the latter does not posit a role for male pheromones.
# Whitteridge

Whitteridge is a surname. Notable people by that name include:
* Gweneth Whitteridge (1910-1993), president of the History of Medicine Society of the Royal Society of Medicine.
* Gordon Whitteridge (1908–1995), British diplomat.
# Hato Pilón

Hato Pilón is a corregimiento in Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca in the Republic of Panama.
# Abutilon julianae

Abutilon julianae is a small shrub of the genus Abutilon believed endemic to Norfolk Island and nearby Phillip Island.

## History

It was first recorded on Norfolk Island in 1792 by convict artist John Doody, and on Phillip Island by Ferdinand Bauer in 1804-05 where he collected the type specimen. It appears not to have been recorded on Phillip Island after 1804-05 and on Norfolk Island was last seen about 1912. For more than seventy years it was considered extinct, apparently killed out by grazing stock.
In the mid-1980s control of feral rabbits on nearby Phillip Island allowed plant seedlings to survive in accessible areas for the first time in more than one hundred years, and in 1985 some seedlings of Abutilon julianae were discovered. This was one of the first unexpected bonus benefits of rabbit control (and subsequent eradication). Plants must have survived in the few cliff-bound places inaccessible to both rabbits and people to provide the source of seed for the newly discovered plants. The species is now widely grown on Norfolk Island and natural regeneration on Phillip Island is growing well, though still very rare. As the only natural population (with fewer than 50 plants known in 2003) is on Phillip Island it is endemic to that island although it has been propagated and widely planted on Norfolk Island. It is listed as Critically Endangered under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act.
# Harvey Saburo Hayashi

Harvey Saburo Hayashi(林 三郎) (February 22, 1867 – June 1, 1943) was a Japanese doctor who practiced in Kona, Hawaii. He started a local newspaper, the Kona Echo.

## Early life and education

Hayashi was born in Fukushima, Japan in 1867 to a samurai family in the Aizu-Wakamatsu clan. He graduated from Aomori Prefectural Medical School in 1884, then moved to America, where he was a migrant worker until he saved up enough money for medical school, since he came to America against his father's wishes and therefore didn't have financial support. Hayashi studied at the Hahnemann Medical College in San Francisco. During medical school he was nicknamed "Harvey" after William Harvey, because his professors had a hard time with "Saburo".
After he graduated in 1891, Hayashi opened up a practice in Sacramento. In 1893, he moved to Honomu in the Big Island of Hawaii's Kona district at the invitation of Jiro Okabe. In 1895, he married Matsu Kawarada, and during their lives they had twelve children.

## Kona

Hayashi opened a practice in Honomu when he first arrived in Hawaii, but he soon moved it to Kailua-Kona.
In 1897, Hayashi started the Kona Echo (コナ反響), Kona's first newspaper and Hawaii's second Japanese language newspaper. He and his family worked together to publish it twice a week, though its publication decreased in frequency until it published bimonthly for the last ten years of its existence. The Japanese section was discontinued in 1940, and the entire newspaper folded in 1941.
Hayashi was a major figure in the Kona Japanese community. He helped to establish the Japanese cemetery in 1896, then he founded the Japanese language school in Holualoa in 1898. It was an independent language school that wasn't affiliated with a religion, as many Japanese language schools were at the time. Hayashi's wife, Matsu, taught at the school until a full-time teacher (Sukezo Takeda) was hired. He later also founded the Kona Japanese Benevolent Association.
Hayashi died on June 1, 1943, and was buried at Central Kona Union Church.
# Jean-Edmé-Auguste Gosselin

Jean-Edmé-Auguste Gosselin (28 September 1787 at Rouen, France – 27 November 1858 at Paris) was a French Catholic priest and ecclesiastical author.

## Life

Gosselin studied philosophy and theology at St-Sulpice, Paris from 1806 to 1811; became professor of dogma, while yet a subdeacon, after the expulsion of the Sulpicians from the seminary by Napoleon in 1811; and was ordained a priest in 1812. On the return of the Sulpicians (1814) he entered their society, and served as vice-president of the seminary at Issy from 1814 to 1830, professor of theology to the candidates for the society from 1814 to 1818, and superior of the seminary from 1831 to 1844, when the state of his health, which had always been delicate, obliged him to resign.
Ernest Renan, in his Lettres du Séminaire, describes Gosselin as kind, gentle, pious, prudent, and erudite. Later, in Souvenirs d'enfance et de jeunesse, Renan says of Gosselin: "He was the most polished and amiable man whom I have ever known."

## Works

Gosselin left major three works. The first is the standard edition of Fénelon in twenty-two volumes (1820–24), to which he added his correspondence in eleven volumes (1827–29), besides a corrected and enlarged edition of Bausset's "Histoire de Fénelon" and other smaller works devoted to the Archbishop of Cambrai. Gosselin's edition is valuable for its notes and discussions, but its accuracy was somewhat marred by his partiality for Fénelon.
Out of this grew Gosselin's best-known work, Pouvoir du Pape au moyen âge (1839; 2nd edition, 1845; tr. as "The Power of the Popes during the Middle Ages", Baltimore, 1853). In part superseded by Louis Duchesne's researches, it argued that the popes exercised temporal power over sovereigns during the Middle Ages. Orestes Brownson, in several articles devoted to it, while admitting its great erudition, attacked its position (adopted from Fénelon), that this power was derived not from divine authority, but from the public law of that period.
Finally, Gosselin lived to complete his Vie de M. Emery which was revised and published (1861) after his death.
# Anne-Marie Cazalis

Anne-Marie Cazalis (c. 1920 – 30 July 1988) was a French writer, journalist and briefly an actress.

## Biography

She was a friend of Juliette Gréco. Briefly, she had an affair with a little-known cellist, Paul Taylor, and both became emblematic personalities of the Parisian nights of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, where she frequented other writers such as Boris Vian and Jean-Paul Sartre. She later became a journalist and, a correspondent for Elle magazine. She travelled all around the world. She also participated in a few films and published several essays and novels. In 1948, she worked with Jean Cau on the screenplay for Ulysse ou les Mauvaises Rencontres, a pochade filmed by Alexandre Astruc.

## Works
### Cinema

* 1949: Désordre by Jacques Baratier (short film)
* 1950: Le Château de verre by René Clément : the standardiste
* 1950: Le Quadrille by Jacques Rivette, with Jean-Luc Godard (short film)
* 1966: Le Désordre à vingt ans by Jacques Baratier (documentary)

### Theatre

* 1951: Le Diable et le Bon Dieu, script by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by Louis Jouvet, Théâtre Antoine

### Books

* Planh, 10 poèmes de Anne-Marie Cazalis, avec un portrait de l'auteur par Valentine Hugo, Paris, Odette Lieutier, February 1944. Written in French, the work was published in Paris in February 1944 by Odette Lieutier. Still under German occupation, the editor issued only 250 hand-made books. A quadrilingual new edition in French, English, Portuguese and Spanish was published in 2012.
* La Décennie, Fayard, 1972 (novel)
* La Tunisie par-ci par-là, Promotion africaine, Tunisia, 1972
* Kadhafi, le Templier d'Allah, Gallimard, 1974
* Le Cœur au poing, La Table ronde, 1976 (novel)
* Mémoires d'une Anne, Stock, 1976
* 1358, La Jacquerie de Paris, le destin tragique du maire Étienne Marcel, Société de production littéraire, 1977
* Les Belles Années, co-written with Anne-Marie Deschodt, Mercure de France, 1978 (novel)

## Awards

* 1943, Paul-Valéry award for poetry laureate
# Hypopyra allardi

Hypopyra allardi is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Madagascar, Sierra Leone and Tanzania (Zanzibar).
# Elizabeth North (disambiguation)

Elizabeth North is a northern suburb of Adelaide.
Elizabeth North may refer to:
* Elizabeth North railway station, former name of railway station Broadmeadows railway station in Adelaide
* Elizabeth North (Scandal), character in American television show Scandal
* North Elizabeth station, NJ Transit station on the Northeast Corridor in Elizabeth, New Jersey
# Ciscar

Ciscar is a locality located in the municipality of Benabarre, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 14.

## Geography

Ciscar is located 102km east of Huesca.
# Frank Carter (Irish politician)

Frank Carter (27 July 1910 – 17 July 1988) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A shopkeeper, he was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Longford–Westmeath constituency at the 1951 general election. He was re-elected at the 1954 general election but lost his seat at the 1957 general election.
He was subsequently elected to the 9th Seanad on the Labour Panel. He was re-elected to the Dáil at the 1961 general election. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until he retired from politics at the 1977 general election.