OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St Athan (electoral ward)

St Athan is the name of the electoral ward, coterminous with the community of St Athan, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It elects one county councillor to the Vale of Glamorgan Council.
According to the 2011 census the population of the ward was 4,495.
The current county councillor, Cllr John Thomas, has been the incumbent since the 1999 election when he beat the sitting Labour councillor by only 17 votes. He became leader of the Council in May 2017.

## Council elections
### 2017

2017 Vale of Glamorgan election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Thomas | 566 | 56.9% | −1.4% |
| | Labour | Julie Lynch-Wilson | 349 | 35.1% | −6.6% |
| | Pirate | David A Elston | 75 | 7.6% | New |
| | Spoilt Ballots | | 3 | 0.3% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 993 | 38.43% | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |

### 2012

2012 Vale of Glamorgan election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Thomas | 435 | 58.3% | −15.6% |
| | Labour | Sandra Toker | 311 | 41.7% | +15.6% |
| | Spoilt Ballots | | 8 | 1.1% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 124 | 16.4% | −31.1% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 754 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | -15.6% | |

### 2008

2008 Vale of Glamorgan election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Thomas | 701 | 73.9% | +8.0% |
| | Labour | Gavin Toker | 248 | 26.1% | +3.6% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 453 | 64.7% | +4.5% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 949 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +2.2% | |

### 2004

2004 Vale of Glamorgan election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Thomas | 598 | 65.9% | +14.9% |
| | Labour | Dennis Harkus | 205 | 22.6% | −26.4% |
| | Plaid Cymru | Mark Roberts | 105 | 11.6% | +11.6% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 393 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 908 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | | |

### 1999

1999 Vale of Glamorgan election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Thomas | 442 | 51.0% | +10% |
| | Labour | B. Doughty | 425 | 49.0% | +10.1% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 867 | | |
| | Conservative gain from Labour | Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | | |

### 1995

1995 Vale of Glamorgan election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | B. Doughty | 611 | 60.1% |
| | Independent | J. James | 293 | 28.8% |
| | Conservative | Ms. V. Rees | 79 | 7.8% |
| | Liberal Democrats | B. Van Rooyen | 34 | 3.3% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 318 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | 44.6% |
Cllr Doughty was previously the county councillor for the ward of St Athan With Boverton on South Glamorgan County Council.
# Edvard Edvardsen

Edvard Edvardsen (16 November 1630 – March 1695) was a Norwegian historian and educator. He was born in Bergen. His descriptions of the city of Bergen have been basis for several later historical works. He was assigned at the Bergen Cathedral School, and among his students were the later priest and poet Petter Dass and playwright Ludvig Holberg.
# Dunfermline Guildhall

The Guildhall, also known as The Guildhall & Linen Hall, is a historic building on the High Street in Dunfermline in Scotland. The structure, which currently operates as a public house, is a Category A listed building.

## History

The building was commissioned in July 1807 by the guilds of the local merchants who wanted Dunfermline to become the county town of Fife. The site they selected was on the south side of the High Street, close to the mercat cross. The new building was designed by Archibald Elliot in the neoclassical style, built in ashlar stone and was completed in 1811.
The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of seven bays facing onto the High Street. The central bay, which was slightly projected forward, featured a square-headed doorway with a fanlight flanked by a pair of lancet windows on the ground floor, and a Venetian window on the first floor, all flanked by two pilasters supporting an entablature with triglyphs and a modillioned pediment. Behind the pediment, there was a three-stage clock tower with round headed windows in the first stage, a octagonal section with clock faces in the second stage and an octagonal section with louvred openings and Ionic order columns in the third stage, all supporting a spire. The whole structure was 130 feet (40 m) high. The wings of three bays each were fenestrated by round headed windows on the ground floor, square headed sash windows with cornices on the first floor and small square windows on the second floor. Internally, the principal room was the main assembly hall, which featured two fine ceiling panels, one entitled Venus Lamenting the Death of Adonis by Benjamin West, and the other entitled The Toilet of Venus by Simon Vouet. These were later taken down and were subsequently acquired by the Carnegie Museum of Art.
The guildhall initially operated as a linen hall, allowing local merchants to trade the linens which were made in the local mills. It was then converted to become the "Spire Inn" in 1817, and operated as a public house for three decades before becoming the home of the Dunfermline Sheriff Court as "County Buildings" in 1850. It remained the main courthouse for the area for over a century, until 1983, when court officials decided to relocate to a modern courthouse in Carnegie Drive.
The building then became a public house again, initially known as "Shenanigans" and then as "Whiskey Joes". It went on to become a job centre in 1993, and then was converted back to a public house again as "The Guildhall & Linen Hall", under the management of Wetherspoons, in July 2012.
# Duolun

Duolun may refer to:
* Duolun County, in Inner Mongolia, China
* Dolon Nor, county seat of Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, China
* Duolun Road, in Shanghai, China
# Dichelostemma multiflorum

Dichelostemma multiflorum is a species of flowering plant known by the common names round-tooth snake-lily, many-flower brodiaea and wild hyacinth (although the latter name is shared with a number of other taxa). It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows in hills, mountains, and inland grasslands. It is a perennial wildflower erecting a tall, naked stem topped with a spherical inflorescence of up to 35 densely packed purple or pink-purple flowers. Each flower is a tube about a centimeter long with six petal-like lobes arranged in a starlike corolla. The lobes may curl back slightly.
# Horyn (disambiguation)

Horyn is a tributary of the Pripyat River which flows through Ukraine and Belarus.
Horyń may also refer to:
* Bohdan Horyn (born 1936), Ukrainian politician
* Cathy Horyn (born 1956), American fashion critic and journalist
* Mykhailo Horyn (1930–2013), Ukrainian politician
* Mykola Horyn (born 1945), Governor of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine (1994–1997)
# 1905 in science fiction

The year 1905 was marked, in science fiction, by the following events.

## Births and deaths
### Births

* January 6: Eric Frank Russell, British writer (d. 1978)
* July 5: Günther Krupkat, German writer (d. 1990)

### Deaths

* March 24: Jules Verne, French writer, (b. 1828)

## Literary releases
### Short stories

* Rudyard Kipling, "With the Night Mail" (American and British magazine publication).
* (in French) Three Thousand Years Among the Microbes, short story by Mark Twain.
# Bhembe

Bhembe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lucky Bhembe (born 1973), Liswati athlete
* Mfanafuthi Bhembe (born 1982), Liswati footballer
# Funny Girl (Original Broadway Cast Recording)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Record Mirror | |
Funny Girl is the original Broadway cast recording of the musical of the same name, starring Barbra Streisand. The Funny Girl cast album peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 in June 1964, selling 250,000 copies by the following month. The recording went on to beat Fiddler on the Roof and Hello, Dolly! to win the Grammy for Best Original Cast Show Album.

## Production

The Broadway show opened on March 26, 1964, at the Winter Garden Theater, and the cast album was recorded in a one-day session in early April, then released one week later by Capitol Records. Streisand performs twelve of the album's seventeen tracks, and the album marked the first time a Streisand recording was not released through Columbia. Streisand was already a successful singer at the time, with her prior three studio albums charting in the Billboard top 10.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Bob Merrill; all music is composed by Jule Styne

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Biancalani

Biancalani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fabio Biancalani (1961–2024), Argentine politician
* Frédéric Biancalani (born 1974), French footballer
# G24

G24 may refer to:
* G24 Anti-Materiel Rifle, used by the German Armed Forces
* Bondei language, a Bantu language of Tanzania
* Brazilian landing ship Belmonte (G24)
* Group of 24, a grouping of developing countries
* HMCS Huron (G24), a Tribal-class destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy
* Junkers G 24, a German aircraft
# G25

G25 may refer to:
* G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway in China
* G25 Sniper Rifle, used by the German Armed Forces
* Gribovsky G-25, a Soviet aircraft
* Glock 25, a pistol
* HMAS Nepal (G25), a N-class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy
* Logitech G25, an electronic steering wheel designed for Sim racing video games
* Zenoah G-25, an aircraft engine
# Pere Noguera

Pere Noguera (born 1941, La Bisbal) is a Catalan artist. He began his career under the new poor poetic, ephemeral and conceptual 1970s. His artistic practice is based on the process, deconstruction and fragmentation, closer to Arte Povera. He has developed work on the processes of conceptual photography and electrography being a pioneer work with copies to the 1970s. He also delved into the concept of "file as a ready-made" from found photographs and films that exhibit an understanding of photography and its process. This work has been reviewed in recent times under the new digital procedures. He has been awarded the ACCA Award in 2011, has made numerous national and international exhibitions centers.
# Pere Monistrol

Pere Monistrol (August 16, 1894 – May 2, 1972) was a Catalan photographer and footballer of the 1910s. Born in Sabadell, Catalonia, he was a highly regarded professional photographer in Sabadell, who in 1948 achieved remarkable success at the International Exhibition of Pictorial Photography in Dublin. In addition, he was one of the first great players of the Sabadell FC, where he played between 1909 and 1919. He was a member of the team that was proclaimed champion of Catalonia in the 1919–20 season. He also played for the Catalan national team between 1915 and 1919.
# Bianor angulosus

Bianor angulosus, is a species of spider of the genus Bianor. It is found in Sri Lanka, India to China, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

## Taxonomy

It was first described in 1879 by Ferdinand Karsch as Ballus angulosus, undergoing many name changes until in 1979 Dmitri Logunov transferred it to the new genus, Bianor.
# Pendra

Pendra is a nagar panchayat in the Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

## Geography

Pendra has an average elevation of 617 metres (2,024 ft).

## Demographics

As of the 2001 India census, Pendra had a population of 12,392. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Pendra road has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 63%. In Pendra, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Bhaluwa

Bhaluwa is a former village development committee, now part of the municipality of Duhabi-Bhaluwa in Sunsari District in the Kosi Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3537 people living in 668 individual households.
# Biandukou

Biandukou (Chinese: 扁都口; pinyin: Biǎndōukǒu) is a pass with an elevation of over 3,500 m in the Altyn-Tagh, China. It links Minle County of Gansu in the north and Qilian County of Qinghai in the south.
Biandukou has been an important pass in history. It could have been through here that the Chinese Buddhist traveler Faxian arrived in Zhangye, Gansu in the end of the 4th century AD. During the Sui dynasty, it was known as Dadoubagu (Chinese: 大斗拔谷; pinyin: Dàdòubágǔ). Emperor Yang of Sui went to Zhangye in 609 AD through Dadoubagu, where many people died from cold weather.
# People First Party (Solomon Islands)

The People First Party is a political party in the Solomon Islands.

## History

From 2014 to 2024, it held one seat in the National Parliament of Solomon Islands, Chachabule Rebi Amoi from Marovo constituency.
In the 2024 Solomon Islands general election, three MPs were elected.
| Constituency | MP |
| Marovo | Rebi Amoi |
| Rannogga/Simbo | Osopo Ghemu |
| South Vella La Vella | Frederick Kologeto |

## Election results

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| 2014 | 11,601 | 4.51 (#4) | 1 / 50 | New |
| 2019 | 11,419 | 3.69 (#7) | 1 / 50 | 0 |
| 2024 | 11,045 | 3.19 (#6) | 3 / 50 | 2 |
# Penicillium rubidurum

Penicillium rubidurum is an anamorph, monoverticillate species of fungus in the genus Penicillium.
# St Aubin on the Hill

St Aubin on the Hill is an Anglican church located in the Parish of St Brelade, Jersey, and is dedicated to Saint Aubin of Angers. Building of the present church began on 4 June 1889, with the laying of the foundation stone by the Bishop of Guildford. It was opened on 13 October 1892.

## History

Saint Aubin was a busy port at least as far back as the 16th century, with its own harbour and Court House. In 1747 a church was built at St Aubin, the first to be erected in the island since the Reformation. This was the result of a petition to the Bishop of Winchester from the merchants of St Aubin in which they made their case for the erection of a chapel of ease, in which they mentioned the difficulty of travelling to St Brelade, a distance of about two miles: "[T]he road to the said Church is very difficult by reason of many rugged steep ascents and descents, and a great way of moving sands, and the said inhabitants are exposed to great fatigue by sheer scorching heat in the summer, and the storms of impetuous westerly winds which usually blows there in Winter …"
The original church was a square building which stood on the site of the present church car park. In 1888 it was pronounced unsafe. A meeting was held on 19 April 1889, and it was resolved that a committee be formed to collect funds and arrange the building of a new church. The foundation stone of the present building was laid by the Bishop of Guildford on 4 June 1889.
The granite of the old building was re-used and the funds raised (£2,500) also allowed extra columns, arches and windows in Mont Mado granite.
St Aubin on the Hill is very fine example of a Victorian Gothic style building. The small north window in the Lady Chapel is notable for being the only Pre-Raphaelite window in Jersey, created by the firm of William Morris from designs by Sir Edward Burne-Jones. At the north end of the nave, the altar which bears the logo of the St Brelade Group of Churches, and the platform on which it stands, were added in the 1980s under the curacy of Robert Booth. In the early part of 1992 further re-ordering saw the removal of a number of pews and the construction of a platform around the font at the south end.
There were no burials at St Aubin until the 1980s, when authority was granted by the Ecclesiastical Court of Jersey to allow the curate, the Reverend Robert Booth to inter some ashes which had been sent for burial from England.
# Remember Me (Oh My Girl EP)

Remember Me (stylized in all caps) is the sixth extended play (EP) by South Korean girl group Oh My Girl. It was released by WM Entertainment on September 10, 2018 and distributed by Kakao M. The album contains five songs, including the single "Remember Me".

## Release and promotion

On August 21, 2018, Oh My Girl's agency WM Entertainment revealed that the group had recently completed music video shooting for a comeback planned the following month. A showcase was held in the evening of September 10 to commemorate the release of the new record. Remember Me is the group's sixth extended play, released in "Pink" and "Violet" versions. The day after the album's official release, Oh My Girl had their comeback stage for Remember Me on the music program The Show, performing the single "Remember Me" on television. They won their second music show award from the same program on September 18.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at number three on South Korea's Weekly Gaon Album Chart and at number eight on the Monthly Gaon Album Chart, selling 21,911 by the end of September. The title track also peaked at number 36 on the Gaon Digital Chart and at number 4 on the Gaon Download Chart.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 3 |
| US World Albums (Billboard) | 13 |
# Eduard Karplus

Eduard Karplus (September 7, 1899 – August ?, 1979) was an Austrian-born engineer, best known as the inventor of the Variac.
Karplus was born in Hinterbrühl, the second child of Johann Paul Karplus, a neurophysiologist and psychiatrist, and Valerie von Lieben, a sister of physicist Robert von Lieben.
He had three brothers, Johann (Hans) Karplus (father of 2013 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Martin Karplus), Walter Gottlieb Karplus and Heinrich Karplus.
Eduard attended Gymnasium Stubenbastei in Vienna, completing with Matura in 1918, and graduated as "Diplomingenieur" from the Electrical Engineering department of the Vienna University of Technology in 1923.
From 1923 to 1929, he was employed in the radio frequency laboratories of the C. Lorenz AG, Berlin, Germany, where he worked on mobile high-frequency communication equipment.
In 1930, Eduard Karplus joined the engineering staff of General Radio Corporation in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he designed and developed measuring instruments, including work on early models of oscilloscopes.
Karplus' best-known invention is the development of the first practical, continuously adjustable variable-ratio autotransformer, which General Radio introduced under the "Variac" brand name (short for "variable AC") in 1933. In the 1940s and 1950, he continued to work on microwave topics such as signal generators, including the design of the GR connector.
He was a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and a Fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers (since 1938) .

## Personal life

Karplus was married to Harriet Green (1909-2004). He died in Belmont, Massachusetts, in August 1979.

## Publications and patents

* Karplus, Eduard (July 1944). "Design of Variac Transformers". Electrical Engineering. 63 (7): 508–513. doi:10.1109/EE.1944.6440390. ISSN 0095-9197. S2CID 51665962.
* DE 481489, "Piezoelectrically driven vacuum-tube oscillator" (1927)
* DE 495552, "Arrangement for transmission and reception of ultrashort waves" (1928)
* DE 499602, "Arrangement for tuning wireless stations" (1928)
* Coupling arrangement for compensated high frequency amplifiers U.S. patent 1856709 Coupling arrangement for compensated high frequency amplifiers (1928)
* DE 499599, "Electron tube with inductors in the leads" (1929)
* Wireless signaling apparatus U.S. patent 1811357 Wireless signaling apparatus (1929)
* Self-contained oscillator tube U.S. patent 1916224 Self-contained oscillator tube (1929)
* Alternating-current apparatus U.S. patent 2009013 Alternating-current apparatus (1934 - the variac patent)
* Ultra-high-frequency tuning apparatus U.S. patent 2367681 Ultra-high-frequency tuning apparatus (1941)
* Ultrahigh-frequency tuning apparatus U.S. patent 2578429 Ultrahigh-frequency tuning apparatus (1945)
# Financial econometrics

Financial econometrics is the application of statistical methods to financial market data. Financial econometrics is a branch of financial economics, in the field of economics. Areas of study include capital markets, financial institutions, corporate finance and corporate governance. Topics often revolve around asset valuation of individual stocks, bonds, derivatives, currencies and other financial instruments.
It differs from other forms of econometrics because the emphasis is usually on analyzing the prices of financial assets traded at competitive, liquid markets.
People working in the finance industry or researching the finance sector often use econometric techniques in a range of activities – for example, in support of portfolio management and in the valuation of securities. Financial econometrics is essential for risk management when it is important to know how often 'bad' investment outcomes are expected to occur over future days, weeks, months and years.

## Topics

The sort of topics that financial econometricians are typically familiar with include:
* analysis of high-frequency price observations
* arbitrage pricing theory
* asset price dynamics
* optimal asset allocation
* cointegration
* event study
* nonlinear financial models such as autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
* realized variance
* fund performance analysis such as returns-based style analysis
* tests of the random walk hypothesis
* the capital asset pricing model
* the term structure of interest rates (the yield curve)
* value at risk
* volatility estimation techniques such as exponential smoothing models and RiskMetrics

## Research community

The Society for Financial Econometrics (SoFiE) is a global network of academics and practitioners dedicated to sharing research and ideas in the fast-growing field of financial econometrics. It is an independent non-profit membership organization, committed to promoting and expanding research and education by organizing and sponsoring conferences, programs and activities at the intersection of finance and econometrics, including links to macroeconomic fundamentals. SoFiE was co-founded by Robert F. Engle and Eric Ghysels.
Premier-quality journals which publish financial econometrics research include Econometrica, Journal of Econometrics and Journal of Business & Economic Statistics. The Journal of Financial Econometrics has an exclusive focus on financial econometrics. It is edited by Federico Bandi and Andrew Patton, and it has a close relationship with SoFiE.
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences has been awarded for significant contribution to financial econometrics; in 2003 to Robert F. Engle "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility" and Clive Granger "for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends" and in 2013 to Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert J. Shiller "for their empirical analysis of asset prices". Other highly influential researchers include Torben G. Andersen, Tim Bollerslev and Neil Shephard.