OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# First Battle of Clusium

The First Battle of Clusium took place in June of 82 BC during the Roman Republic's Second Civil War. The battle pitted the Optimates under the command of Lucius Cornelius Sulla against the Populares commanded by Gnaeus Papirius Carbo. The battle was indecisive.

## Background

During the campaigns of 83-82 BC, the Populares forces had divided into two groups, those in the north under the command of Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, and those in the south who were commanded by Gaius Marius the Younger. Sulla had successfully defeated Marius at the Battle of Sacriporto and afterwards had managed to pin Marius and his survivors at Praeneste. While Praeneste was being besieged Sulla himself moved on to Rome. The capital surrendered allowing Sulla to march against Carbo. The war now shifted to Etruria where Sulla engaged Carbo's cavalry forces near the River Clanis, emerging victorious.

## The battle

According to Appian, the two armies eventually met on the outskirts of Clusium. After a bloody battle, the armies separated at nightfall. The battle is generally referred to as a stalemate, but the German scholar, Theodor Mommsen affirmed the following:
       The battle remained indecisive, however, Carbo gained a clear advantage as he detained his adversaries' march. – Theodor Mommsen
Philip Matyszak disagrees:
       Though Carbo thereby succeeded in checking Sulla's northern advance, it appears he achieved this by pulling manpower from other government forces operating in the north. Certainly his other generals had a rough time of it.

## Aftermath

The next day Sulla retreated from the area, leaving Carbo behind at Clusium. Sulla had heard that the Siege of Praeneste was threatened by a huge force of Samnites and Lucanians, who had finally decided to join Marius and Carbo.
Eventually, Sulla and the Samnite-Lucanian army would meet at Rome where Sulla defeated them in the highly contested Battle of the Colline Gate. Meanwhile, Metellus, the commander of Sulla's northern forces, had been victorious in Picenum and marched down to Clusium where he defeated the remaining Populares in the Second Battle of Clusium (82 BC).
Praeneste fell on 4 November, holding out surprisingly until all of Italy was under Sulla's direct control.
# Anglican Province of Bendel

The Bendel Province is one of the fourteen ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of Nigeria. It comprises thirteen dioceses, each one headed by a bishop and it was created in 2002, when the current division into provinces was adopted. His headquarters are located in Asaba. The first Archbishop of the Bendel Province was Albert Agbaje, who died in 2005. He was succeeded by Nicholas Okoh, latter replaced upon his election as Primate of Nigeria by Friday John Imaekhai in 2010. In 2020 Cyril Odutemu became Archbishop of Bendel.
It comprises 13 dioceses:
* Akoko-Edo (14 March 2007; bishop: Ebenezer Saiki)
* Asaba (10 August 1977; bishop: Kingsley Obuh)
* Benin(3 January 1962; bishop: Peter Imasuen)
* Esan (26 October 2000; bishop: Gabriel Elabor)
* Etsako (14 March 2007; bishop: Bishop Felix Unuokhe Olorunfemi
* Ika (14 September 2001; bishop: Godfrey Ifeanyichukwu Ekpenisi)
* Ndokwa (4 June 2008; Bishop: Festus Nwafili)
* Oleh (21 December 1999; bishop: John Usiwoma Aruakpor)
* Sabongidda-Ora (27 May 1993; bishop: Augustine Ohilebo)
* Sapele (12 January 2009; bishop: Blessing Erifeta)
* Ughelli (8 January 1998; Archbishop: Cyril Odutemu)
* Warri (25 January 1980; bishop: Christian Esezi Ide)
* Western Izon (28 August 2005; bishop: Victor Okporu)
# Ceylon at the 1958 Asian Games

Ceylon participated in the 1958 Asian Games held in Tokyo, Japan from May 24 to June 1, 1958. The country ranked 11th with a gold and bronze medal.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Nagalingam Ethirveerasingam | Athletics | Men's High jump |
| Bronze | Rupert Ferdinands Bernard Pinto | Tennis | Men's doubles |

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Athletics | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Tennis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (2 entries) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
# A.F. Norris

A.F. Norris (1864-1915) was an American architect. He designed approximately 400 residences.
Several of his designs appear in Concrete Country Residences.
The 50 Lloyd Rd. was featured in Scientific American Building Edition.; his work at 10 Rockledge was featured in American Homes & Gardens.
A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Works include:
* Casa Deldra, 35 Afterglow Way Montclair, NJ (Norris, A.F.), NRHP-listed
* J. M. Chapman House, 10 Rockledge Montclair, NJ (Norris, A.F.), NRHP-listed
* Eastward, 50 Lloyd Rd. Montclair, NJ (Norris, A.F.), NRHP-listed
* Egbert Farm, 128 N. Mountain Ave. Montclair, NJ (Norris, A.F.), NRHP-listed
# 2007–08 Eredivisie (women)

The 2007–08 Eredivisie Vrouwen was the first season of the Netherlands women's professional football league. It took place from 29 August 2007 until 21 May 2008 with six teams participating. AZ became the first Eredivisie winners. The 60 matches of the season had a 45,695 total attendance.

## Teams

On 20 March 2007, the league was officially unveiled by the KNVB with the six clubs taking part.
| Team | City / Town | Venue(s) | Capacity |
| ADO Den Haag | The Hague | Den Haag Stadion | 15,000 |
| ADO Den Haag | The Hague | Sportpark Nieuw Hanenburg | 1,500 |
| AZ | Alkmaar | Sportpark Schoonenberg (Velsen) | 3,625 |
| AZ | Alkmaar | Sportcomplex 't Lood | |
| AZ | Alkmaar | DSB Stadion | 17,000 |
| SC Heerenveen | Heerenveen | Sportpark Skoatterwâld | 3,000 |
| SC Heerenveen | Heerenveen | Zuidersportpark (Sneek) | 3,150 |
| SC Heerenveen | Heerenveen | Abe Lenstra Stadion | 26,000 |
| FC Twente | Enschede | Arke Stadion | 30,205 |
| FC Twente | Enschede | Sportpark Slangenbeek (Hengelo) | 2,000 |
| FC Twente | Enschede | FC Twente-trainingscentrum (Hengelo) | 1,000 |
| FC Utrecht | Utrecht | Sportpark Elinkwijk | 5,000 |
| FC Utrecht | Utrecht | Sportpark Maarschalkerweerd | 1,000 |
| FC Utrecht | Utrecht | Sportcomplex Zoudenbalch | 450 |
| FC Utrecht | Utrecht | Stadion Galgenwaard | 23,750 |
| Willem II | Tilburg | Sportcomplex Bijstervelden | 1,500 |
Source: Soccerway

## Format

The season was played in a quadruple round-robin format, where all six participating teams played each other four times (twice away and twice at home), a total of 20 matches each. The champion qualified to the UEFA Women's Cup. There was no relegation system in place.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | AZ (C, Q) | 20 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 29 | 16 | +13 | 37 | 2008–09 UEFA Women's Cup |
| 2 | Willem II | 20 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 41 | 21 | +20 | 34 | |
| 3 | Utrecht | 20 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 35 | 29 | +6 | 32 | |
| 4 | ADO Den Haag | 20 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 25 | 27 | −2 | 29 | |
| 5 | Twente | 20 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 27 | 36 | −9 | 24 | |
| 6 | Heerenveen | 20 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 12 | 40 | −28 | 11 | |

## Top scorers

| Pos. | Player | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Karin Stevens | Willem II | 20 |
| 2 | Sylvia Smit | FC Twente | 10 |
| 3 | Claudia van den Heiligenberg | AZ | 9 |
| 3 | Dominique Vugts | Willem II | 9 |
| 5 | Shirley Smith | FC Utrecht | 8 |
| 6 | Anouk Dekker | FC Twente | 6 |
| 6 | Nangila van Eyck | ADO Den Haag | 6 |
| 8 | Chantal de Ridder | AZ | 5 |
| 9 | Sheila van den Bulk | ADO Den Haag | 4 |
| 9 | Dionne Demarteau | AZ | 4 |
| 9 | Merel van Nes | AZ | 4 |
| 9 | Marieke van Ottele | FC Twente | 4 |
| 9 | Gilanne Louwaars | FC Utrecht | 4 |
| 9 | Roos Kwakkenbos | FC Utrecht | 4 |
| 9 | Tessa Oudejans | FC Utrecht | 4 |
| 9 | Femke Maes | Willem II | 4 |
| 17 | 8 players | 8 players | 3 |
| 25 | 11 players | 11 players | 2 |
| 36 | 16 players | 16 players | 1 |
| Own goals | Own goals | Own goals | 2 |
| Total: | Total: | Total: | 169 |
| Games: | Games: | Games: | 60 |
| Average: | Average: | Average: | 2.82 |
Source: vrouwenvoetbalnederland.nl
# Johan de Vree

Johan Karel de Vree (April 16, 1938 - May 28, 2017) was a Dutch political scientist, and professor Theory of International Relations at Utrecht University, known for his "scientists" approach to political science.

## Biography

De Vree started the Geodesy study in 1959 at the Delft University of Technology. The next year in 1960 he moved to University of Amsterdam, where he obtained his MA in political and social sciences in 1967. He continued his graduate study and obtained his PhD in 1972 under Hans Daudt with the thesis Political integration: the formation of theory and its problems.
After his graduation in 1967 De Vree started his academic career as lecturer at the Europa Institute of the University of Amsterdam. In 1973 he was appointed Professor Theory of International Relations at the Utrecht University, where he retired in 1999. De Vree was na active member of the Dutch Political Science Association, where he was president from 1975 to 1983. He was also a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the New York Academy of Sciences.
De Vree is particularly known for the comprehensive formal theory of human behavior, that he had built on throughout his career. He felt related to the theoretical physicists, who strived for a theory of everything. He is looking for the systems that underlay human behavior. This approach he thought would eventually lead to "a kind of socio-political weather forecast".

## Selected publications

* De Vree, Johan K. Political integration: the formation of theory and its problems, PhD thesis University of Amsterdam, 1967.
* De Vree, Johan K. Het stervensuur van Leviathan? Beschouwingen over de ontwikkeling van staat en internationale samenleving. Inaugural lecture Utrecht University, 1973.
* De Vree, Johan K. Foundations of social and political processes: the dynamics of human behavior, politics and society. Bilthoven : Prime Press, 1982.
* De Vree, Johan K. Order and disorder in the human universe: the foundations of behavioral and social science. 3 Volumes. Bilthoven : Prime Press, 1990. was published.

### Articles, a selection

* De Vree, Johan K. "The behavioral function: An inquiry into the relation between behavior and utility." Theory and Decision 15.3 (1983): 231–245.
* De Vree, Johan K., and Johan C. Dagevos. "The structure of action and interaction: The structural similarity of systems in social science." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 19.2 (1994): 91–127.
* De Vree, Johan K. "A note on information, order, stability and adaptability." BioSystems 38.2-3 (1996): 221–227.

### About his work

* Dagevos, J.C., Towards a model of social interaction : on the dynamics of science, power, and dependence. PhD thesis Utrecht University, Bilthoven : Prime Press, 1994.
# Bachia beebei

Bachia beebei is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
# Flyover

Flyover may refer to:
* Overpass, a high-level road bridge that crosses over a highway interchange or intersection
* Flying junction, a type of grade-separated railway junction
* Flypast or flyby, a celebratory display or ceremonial flight, a ceremonial or honorific flight of one or more aircraft.
* Flyover reconnaissance, close-up aircraft reconnaissance
* Flyover rights, the right to fly over a foreign country without landing
* Aerial survey
* Flyover country, a derisive term for the central areas of the United States
* Flyovers (play), a play by Jeffrey Sweet
* "Flyover", a song by Asian Dub Foundation from Tank
* FlyOver (ride), a set of flying theater attractions by Viad Corporation
* Flyover (film), 2021 Bengali film
* Flyover, a sculpture in Dayton, Ohio
* Flyover (Apple Maps), a feature of Apple Maps
* Flyover (book), a novel by Douglas Kennedy.
# Firestone Building

The Firestone Building is a historic building constructed in 1929 in downtown Orlando. It was designed by Tampa architectural firm Francis J. Kennard & Son. Located at 578 North Orange Avenue, it was built for Harvey Firestone's Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. It was used by the company until the late 1977 and then rented out. Recently it has housed a namesake club.
A schematic of the building was included in a 1933 edition of Arc-welded steel frame structures. In 1989, the Firestone Building was included in A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture, published by the University of Florida Press. A Firestone sign atop the building was removed in 1999.
# Angiolo Tricca

Angiolo Tricca (17 February 1817 – 23 March 1884) was an Italian caricaturist and painter of historical themes.
Born in Sansepolcro, he became a pupil of the painter Vincenzo Chialli. His best known works are the caricatures of Italian artists who attended the Caffè Michelangiolo in Florence (such as Collodi, Giovanni Fattori, Telemaco Signorini and Odoardo Borrani). He collaborated with making satirical cartoons, often pseudonymously, for journals published in Florence such as Il Piovano Arlotto, Il Lampione, and La Lanterna di Diogene. He also opened a gallery and antiquarian shop, where he often copied or repaired antique works.
One of his pupils was Federico Andreotti and his son, Fosco Tricca.

## Sources

* Martina Alessio, Silvestra Bietoletti, Valentino Baldacci, Andrea Rauch, Attilio Brilli e Piero Scapecchi (a cura di). Angiolo Tricca e la caricatura toscana dell'Ottocento. Firenze, Giunti, 1993. ISBN 88-09-20345-3.
* This article about an Italian painter born in the 19th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Richard Huddleston (monk)

Richard Huddleston or Hudleston (1583–1655), was an English Benedictine monk.

## Life

Huddleston was born in 1583 at Farington Hall, near Preston, Lancashire. He was the youngest son of Andrew Hudleston, esq., of Farington Hall, and Mary, the third daughter of Cuthbert Hutton of Hutton John, Cumberland. He studied under Thomas Sommers, a Catholic schoolmaster at Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire, and was subsequently sent to the English College at Douay.
Afterwards he studied philosophy and divinity for some years in the English College at Rome. Returning to Douay he was ordained a priest in 1607, and in the following year was sent on the English mission. Again visiting Italy he was professed as a Benedictine monk at Monte Cassino. In 1619 he came back to the mission, and was instrumental in conversions among major families in Lancashire and Yorkshire to the Roman Catholic faith. One example is that of the family of Sir John Gascoigne whose children, nearly all, opted for a religious life including Catherine Gascoigne who was an abbess in Cambrai until 1673.
Huddleston died at Stockeld Park, the seat of the Middletons, on 26 November 1655.

## Works

Huddleston left several pieces in manuscript, which appear to have been lost, and a Short and Plain Way to the Faith and Church, published by his nephew, Father John Hudleston, London, 1688; reprinted in the "English Catholic Library" vol. ii., London, 1844, under the editorial care of the Rev. Mark Aloysius Tierney; and again, London, 1850. Charles II, while concealed at Moseley after the defeat at Worcester, read this treatise in manuscript, and declared that he had seen nothing clearer upon the subject. An Answer to Father Huddleston's Short and Plain Way was published by an anonymous writer; and at a later period another Answer, by Samuel Grascome, appeared at London, 1702; 1715.
# A. A. Manavalan

A. A. Manavalan (1937–2018) was a Tamil language Indian scholar. He was awarded Saraswati Samman (2011) for his work Irama Kathaiyum Iramayakalyum (2005), which is a comparative study of Ramayana written in 48 languages including Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, Tibetan, Tamil, Old Javanese, Japanese, Telugu, Assamese, Malayalam, Bengali, Kannada, Marathi, Hindi, Odisi, Persian, Malay, Burmese, Maranao, Thai, Laotian and Kashmiri. He was the second person from Tamil Nadu to receive this honour, first was Indira Parthasarathy
He earned PhD degree in English literature for his doctoral dissertation Epic Heroism in Milton and Kamban. He translated Poetics of Aristotle into Tamil, a first of its kind in any Indian languages.
Manavalan died on 1 December 2018.

## Works

Selected works by A. A. Manavalan:
* Tamil research through journals : an annotated bibliography
* Dr. Mu. Va. : collection of research papers on Dr. Mu. Va.
* Mutual flames : essays in comparative literature, Tamil and English
* Epic heroism in Milton and Kamban
* A compendium of Tirukkural : translations in English
* Essays and tributes on Tirukkural : 1886-1986 A.D.
* Comparative studies in literary cultures
* Aristotilin Kavithai Iyal (Aristotle's poetics in Tamil)
# Leucauge venusta

Leucauge venusta, known as the orchard orbweaver spider, is a long-jawed orbweaver spider that occurs from southern Canada to Colombia, along the East coast, reaching into the central US, also in South Asia. The web is often oriented horizontally, with the spider hanging down in the center.
It is distinctively colored, with leaf-green legs and sides (which can sometimes vary to a dark green or even orange). The underside of its thorax is spotted with yellow and black, the top is silvery with brown and black streaks. The neon yellow, orange or red spots on the rear of the abdomen are variable in size among individuals and sometimes absent.
This species is parasitised by a wasp larva which attaches itself externally at the junction of the cephalothorax and abdomen.
A similar species in the same genus is Leucauge mariana.

## Gallery

* In web
* Juvenile in a web in New York
# Franz Xaver Eggert

Franz Xaver Eggert (11 November 1802 – 14 October 1876) was a German glass painter.

## Life

Eggert was born at Höchstädt on the Danube, and studied decorative painting at Augsburg and Munich; but he afterwards devoted himself entirely to glass-painting, in conjunction with Ainmiller, Hammerl, and Kirchmair, and endeavoured to raise the art from its long decline. He especially distinguished himself by the magnificence of his ornamentation. His best works are in the new church of the suburb Au at Munich, in the cathedrals of Cologne and Ratisbon, and in several churches at Basle, Constance, etc. In 1840 he designed a scheme of stained glass windows depicting various saints at Christ Church, Kilndown in the English county of Kent. He died at Munich in 1876.
# Hermite ring

In algebra, the term Hermite ring (after Charles Hermite) has been applied to three different objects.
According to Kaplansky (1949) (p. 465), a ring is right Hermite if, for every two elements a and b of the ring, there is an element d of the ring and an invertible 2×2 matrix M over the ring such that (a b)M = (d 0), and the term left Hermite is defined similarly. Matrices over such a ring can be put in Hermite normal form by right multiplication by a square invertible matrix (Kaplansky (1949), p. 468.) Lam (2006) (appendix to §I.4) calls this property K-Hermite, using Hermite instead in the sense given below.
According to Lam (1978) (§I.4, p. 26), a ring is right Hermite if any finitely generated stably free right module over the ring is free. This is equivalent to requiring that any row vector (b$_1$,...,b$_n$) of elements of the ring which generate it as a right module (i.e., b$_1$R + ... + b$_n$R = R) can be completed to a (not necessarily square) invertible matrix by adding some number of rows. The criterion of being left Hermite can be defined similarly. Lissner (1965) (p. 528) earlier called a commutative ring with this property an H-ring.
According to Cohn (2006) (§0.4), a ring is Hermite if, in addition to every stably free (left) module being free, it has invariant basis number.
All commutative rings which are Hermite in the sense of Kaplansky are also Hermite in the sense of Lam, but the converse is not necessarily true. All Bézout domains are Hermite in the sense of Kaplansky, and a commutative ring which is Hermite in the sense of Kaplansky is also a Bézout ring (Lam (2006), pp. 39-40.)
The Hermite ring conjecture, introduced by Lam (1978) (p. xi), states that if R is a commutative Hermite ring, then the polynomial ring R[x] is also a Hermite ring.
# Floberg

Floberg is a surname of Swedish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bjørn Floberg (born 1947), Norwegian actor
* John F. Floberg (1915–2011), United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy
# 2011 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships – Women's 1000 metres

The Women's 1000m race of the 2011 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships was held on March 12 at 12:00 local time.

## Results

| Rank | Pair | Lane | Name | Country | Time | Time Behind |
| | 12 | i | Christine Nesbitt | Canada | 1:14.84 | |
| | 10 | o | Ireen Wüst | Netherlands | 1:15.42 | +0.58 |
| | 12 | o | Heather Richardson | United States | 1:15.45 | +0.61 |
| 4 | 9 | i | Marrit Leenstra | Netherlands | 1:16.38 | +1.54 |
| 5 | 3 | i | Yekaterina Shikhova | Russia | 1:16.56 | +1.72 |
| 6 | 11 | i | Margot Boer | Netherlands | 1:16.90 | +2.06 |
| 7 | 4 | i | Zhang Hong | China | 1:17.09 | +2.25 |
| 8 | 6 | i | Yekaterina Aydova | Kazakhstan | 1:17.19 | +2.35 |
| 9 | 4 | o | Yekaterina Lobysheva | Russia | 1:17.25 | +2.41 |
| 10 | 8 | i | Brittany Schussler | Canada | 1:17.29 | +2.45 |
| 11 | 3 | o | Hege Bøkko | Norway | 1:17.31 | +2.47 |
| 12 | 5 | o | Ida Njåtun | Norway | 1:17.31 | +2.47 |
| 13 | 8 | o | Monique Angermüller | Germany | 1:17.33 | +2.49 |
| 14 | 9 | o | Judith Hesse | Germany | 1:17.35 | + 2.51 |
| 15 | 10 | i | Shannon Rempel | Canada | 1:17.44 | +2.60 |
| 16 | 11 | o | Nao Kodaira | Japan | 1:17.61 | +2.77 |
| 17 | 1 | i | Karolína Erbanová | Czech Republic | 1:17.79 | +2.95 |
| 18 | 6 | o | Miho Takagi | Japan | 1:17.86 | +3.02 |
| 19 | 7 | o | Maki Tsuji | Japan | 1:17.89 | +3.05 |
| 20 | 7 | i | Gabriele Hirschbichler | Germany | 1:18.03 | +3.19 |
| 21 | 5 | i | Chiara Simionato | Italy | 1:18.12 | +3.28 |
| 22 | 1 | o | Yevgenia Dmitrieva | Russia | 1:18.23 | +3.39 |
| 23 | 2 | o | Rebekah Bradford | United States | 1:18.74 | +3.90 |
| 24 | 2 | i | Natalia Czerwonka | Poland | 1:18.78 | +3.94 |