OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Helmut Martin

Helmut Martin (5 May 1940 in Kassel, Germany – 8 June 1999) was a German sinologist best known for his work on modern Chinese literature.

## Biography

Martin studied Sinology and Slavic Studies in Munich, Belgrade, Paris and Heidelberg. He earned his doctorate with Wolfgang Bauer [de] in 1966, on the subject of Li Yu's dramaturgy. He then won a post-doctoral scholarship and went National Taiwan University, where, among other things, he edited a 15-volume complete works of Li Yu's works, which was published in 1970. After a short stay in Kyoto, he returned to Germany in the early 1970s, and was initially a China officer at the Institute for Asian Studies in Hamburg.
In 1997 he did his habilitation with Wolfgang Franke, with the work “Chinese language planning”.
He started the journal China Aktuell, and in 1977, with his wife, published a Chinese-English dictionary of politics and economy in the People's Republic of China (Langenscheidt-Wörterbuch Chinesisch-deutscher Wortschatz. Politik und Wirtschaft der VR China).
From 1979 he was Professor, and Chair of Chinese Language and Literature at Ruhr-Universität Bochum, and a visiting professor in East Asia and the USA. The State Language Institute of North Rhine-Westphalia (Landesspracheninstitut Nordrhein-Westfalen) and the founding in 1993 of the Richard Wilhelm Translation Center (Richard-Wilhelm-Übersetzungszentrum) at Ruhr University, one of three translation centers for Chinese literature worldwide, were also his initiative.
From 1990 Martin was involved in the German Association for Chinese Studies (DVCS) and was its chair from 1995 until the time of his death.
Since 1974, when he translated and published previously unpublished works of Mao Zedong, Martin had a tense relationship with the PR China. He was barred from entering the PRC because of his criticism of the Chinese leadership, his sympathy for Chinese writers and intellectuals and his views on the violent ending of the Tian’anmen protests in 1989.
He took his own life on 8 June 1999, aged 59, and is buried in the Melaten-Friedhof, Cologne.

## Publications

Martin published hundreds of articles on China and Chinese literature and was also the editor of several publications about China.
* Literature by and about Helmut Martin in the German National Library catalogue
# Charles Meredith

Charles Meredith may refer to:
* Charles Meredith (politician) (1811–1880), politician in colonial Tasmania, Australia
* Charles Meredith (banker) (1854–1928), Canadian banker
* Charles Meredith (actor) (1894–1964), American actor
* Sir Charles Warburton Meredith (1896−1977), British Royal Air Force officer
# Charles Meredith (politician)

Charles Meredith (29 May 1811 – 2 March 1880) was an Australian grazier and politician. He served as Tasmanian Colonial Treasurer for several years in the mid-to-late 19th century.

## Early life

Meredith was born on 29 May 1811 at Poyston Lodge, Pembroke, Wales, the youngest son of George Meredith and his wife, Sarah Westall Hicks. He was descended in a direct line from the last kings of Wales. His father saw service in the royal marines during the Napoleonic wars, and later decided to emigrate to Van Diemen's Land (later called Tasmania). He arrived at Hobart with his father, wife and family on 18 March 1821 and became one of the best known of the early pioneers. Charles assisted his father in farming in Tasmania for some time.
In 1834, Meredith went to New South Wales and took up land on the Murrumbidgee River after being denied a grant of land by Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur. He visited England in 1838 and married his cousin, Louisa Anne Twamley at Old Edgbaston Church, Birmingham on 18 April 1839. They sailed for Sydney in the Letitia and arrived in September. While Charles inspected sheep stations on the Murrumbidgee River, Louisa stayed at Bathurst. After a few weeks in Sydney, they moved to suburban Homebush. Meredith then returned to Tasmania. In 1843, he was appointed a police magistrate at Port Sorell in the north-west.

## Political career

Meredith became a member of the original Tasmanian Legislative Council and was elected for Glamorgan in the first house of assembly in 1856. He was colonial treasurer in the Thomas Gregson ministry for two months in 1857, and held the same position in the James Whyte ministry from January 1863 to November 1866. He was opposition leader 1862–63 and November 1866–72. He held the lands and works portfolios in the Frederick Innes cabinet from November 1872 to August 1873, and was again colonial treasurer in the Thomas Reibey ministry from July 1876 to August 1877. In total, he was in parliament almost 24 years and was a member of the executive council for 17 years.

## Late life and legacy

Meredith resigned his seat on account of ill-health in 1879, and died at Launceston, Tasmania, on 2 March 1880. His wife and children survived him.
Meredith was one of the few Tasmanians whose name has been publicly commemorated; a mountain range in north-east Tasmania is named for him and a fountain in his memory was erected in the Queen's domain, Hobart, in 1885.
# Charles Meredyth (died 1710)

Charles Meredyth (died 1710) was an Irish politician.
Meredyth was the eldest son of Thomas Meredyth and Letitia Fortescue, and the grandson of Richard Meredith.
He was a cornet in The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards in 1661 and was serving in the Duke of Albemarle's Regiment of Horse in 1662. He was appointed High Sheriff of Meath on 23 November 1678. Meredyth sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for County Meath from 1692 to 1693. He then represented Kells from 1695 to 1699 and again between 1702 and his death in 1710.
He married firstly Anne Blayney in 1671, with whom he had Henry Meredyth, and married secondly Judith Savage in 1677, with whom he had Thomas Meredyth.
# Heliothela oreias

Heliothela oreias is a moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Turner in 1915. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria.
# Ring's End Local Nature Reserve

Ring's End is an 11 hectare Local Nature Reserve which runs south from the hamlet of Ring's End towards March in the Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire. It is owned by Cambridgeshire County Council, and managed by the Friends of Ring's End Nature Reserve Group. Ring's End is known as a 'post-industrial habitat' since it is reclaimed industrial land.
This is a linear site along a disused railway embankment, with views over the Fens. There are also three ponds, reedbeds and areas of scrub. The soil is poor in nutrients, which has allowed uncommon flowering plants such as coltsfoot to become established. Trees include ash and white willow.
The southern end of the site can be accessed from Twenty Foot Road, and National Cycle Route 63 runs through it. There is no access to the northern end.
# Rivals (1972 film)

Rivals is a 1972 American drama film written and directed by Krishna Shah. The film stars Joan Hackett, Robert Klein, Scott Jacoby, Jeanne Tanzy Williams, Glen Hayes and Phoebe Dorin. The film was released on August 23, 1972, by AVCO Embassy Pictures.

## Plot

Peter is a wacky free spirit who runs a New York tour specifically for New Yorkers. Christine is an uptight art gallery owner, recently widowed, who is stepping back out into the dating world. He pesters her into going out with him and, since she cannot perceive the difference between obnoxious behavior and charm, she falls in love with him. There's a problem, though. Her 10-year-old son, Jamie is a loonball. He loves her way too much, and has an unhealthy and pathological attachment to his mother. After she remarries, his rage and misery overwhelm him and he plots to kill his stepfather.

## Cast

* Joan Hackett as Christine
* Robert Klein as Peter
* Scott Jacoby as Jamie
* Jeanne Tanzy Williams as Mary
* Glen Hayes as Douglas
* Phoebe Dorin as Madge
* James Karen as Child Psychiatrist
* Randy Digeronimo as Tony
* Frank Fiore as Phil
* Bill Herndon as Bob
* William Shust as Culloux
* Leib Lensky as Rabbi
* Viola Swayne as Mrs. Sturgess
* Craig Noel as Salesman
* Iris Whitney as Matron
* Ann Miles as Girl
# Dong-joo

Dong-joo, also spelled Dong-ju, is a Korean unisex given name.
People with this name include:
* Yun Dong-ju (1917–1945), Korean poet
* Kim Dong-joo (born 1976), South Korean baseball player
Fictional characters with this name include:
* Han Dong-joo, in 2004 South Korean television series Stained Glass
* Park Dong-joo, in 2010 South Korean television series My Girlfriend Is a Nine-Tailed Fox
* Cha Dong-joo, in 2011 South Korean television series Can You Hear My Heart
* Han Dong-joo, in 2011 South Korean television series Paradise Ranch
* Kang Dong-joo, in 2012 South Korean film Never Ending Story
* Park Dong-joo, in 2014 South Korean television series Angel Eyes
* Dong Dong-joo, in 2019 South Korean television series The Tale of Nokdu
# Philip Hugh Padwick

Philip Hugh Padwick (ROI, RBA; 1876–1958) was an English painter noted for his oil landscapes. His work was impressionistic and fluid, utilising bold colours.
Padwick was a member of the Royal Society of British Artists (RBA). In 1929, he exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts with two pieces, Harbour Scene and Scene in Yorkshire.
Padwick's work has been exhibited in London at the Barbizon House, the Chenil Gallery, the Fine Art Society, the International Society, the New English Art Club, the Royal Society of British Artists, the Ridley Gallery, the Royal Institute of Oil Painters. He has also been exhibited at the Royal Hibernian Academy in Dublin, the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh, the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art in Conwy, Wales, and the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.
There are currently 33 of Padwick's paintings on display in art galleries across the UK.
Philip Padwick died in 1958 at Midhurst, West Sussex, aged 82.
# Dunno Y... Na Jaane Kyon

Dunno Y ... Na Jaane Kyon (transl. Don't know why) is a 2010 bilingual Indian film. It was directed by Sanjay Sharma and written by Kapil Sharma, who also played the lead. It premiered in April 2010 at India's first mainstream gay film festival, the Kashish Mumbai International Queer Film Festival.
The film had its North American premiere at the I View Film Festival in New York City and was screened at the Sydney Film Festival, the Indian Film Festival of London (IFFL) and Filmfest homochrom in Germany. Dunno Y... Na Jaane Kyon was released in theatres in Austria, Italy and Switzerland in September 2010.
The film received the Best Sensitive Award at the Kashish Queer International film festival 2010 and the Viewer Choice Award at the Satrang Film Festival of Sydney 2010. It also won the Best Film awards at the Poland Film Festival 2014, Naples Italy 2014, and the Nasik International Film Festival 2014. Lead actors, Yuvraaj Parashar and Kapil Sharma won Best Actor awards at Out View Film Festival Greece 2012. The film was screened at 17 international film festivals. A sequel has also been made starring Zeenat Aman, Kapil Sharma and Yuvraaj Parashar.

## Cast

* Zeenat Aman as Nazneen Ali Mirza
* Kapil Sharma as Aryan
* Kabir Bedi
* Hazel Croney
* Helen
* Mahabanoo Mody-Kotwal
* Yuvraaj Parashar as Ashley
* Asha Sachdev
* Parikshat Sahni
* Rituparna Sengupta
* Aryan Vaid

## Music

The film's music is composed by Nikhil Kamat. The theme song "Pal Mein Rishte Badal Jaate Hain" is performed by Lata Mangeshkar. The film also features Zeenat Aman performing the song "Aap Jaisa Koi" from her film Qurbani and the song "Chura Liya Hai Tumne" from Yaadon Ki Baraat.
* "Atariyan Main" - Rekha Rao
* "Dabi Dabi Khwahishein" (duet) - Shaan and Shreya Ghoshal
* "Dabi Dabi Khwahishein (male)" - Shaan
* "Dabi Dabi Khwahishein (version 2)" - Shaan, Farhad Bhiwandiwala and Shreya Ghoshal
* "Dunno Y Na Jaane Kyon (male)" - Shaan
* "Dunno Y Na Jaane Kyon (female)" - Lata Mangeshkar
* "Helen Theme" - N/A
* "Jenny/Ashley in Love" - N/A
* "Saiyan Saiyan" - Farhad Bhiwandiwala, Nikhil
* "Mumbai Meri Hain" - Anee Chatterjee
* "Zeenat Aman (sad theme)" - N/A

## Controversy

The real life parents of Yuvraaj Parashar, one of two lead characters, have initiated legal action to disown him because of the shame arising from the film, claiming to "not want to see his face even in death". This came despite Parashar winning acclaim from Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra Chhagan Bhujbal for his sensitive portrayal of gay men.
Furthermore, the lovemaking scene between Parashar and Kapil Sharma is facing censorship. Sharma said: "Why should the censors be scandalised if two men are kissing and making love? The ones in my film are very aesthetic. And so what if it’s two men making love? Love is love regardless of gender."
# Nikosthenic amphora

A Nikosthenic amphora is a type of Attic vase invented in the late 6th century BC by the potter Nikosthenes, aimed specifically for export to Etruria. Inspired by Etruscan Bucchero types, it is the characteristic product of the Nikosthenes-Pamphaios workshop.
Characteristic features are the angular body of the amphora and the broad flat handles. The Etruscan predecessors were black-painted, whereas the Attic vases were decorated in the black-figure style. Nearly all know examples were found in Caere, while the majority of Nikosthenes products in other shapes were discovered in Vulci. This suggests that the type was specifically made for sale in or to Caere, which indicates that Nikosthenes must have been a gifted salesman and that an efficient system of intermediate traders must have existed. Niksothenes created or introduced several vase shapes, but the Nikosthenic amphora is his most famous innovation.
The clay of the Nikosthenic amphorae is bright orange-red, and thus provides a perfect base for black-figure vase painting. Their decoration follows quite varied patterns. Sometimes, they are subdivided in two or three separate friezes, mostly of plant and animal motifs. In other cases, images cover the whole vase body.
Apparently most, perhaps even all, Nikosthenic amphorae were painted by N Painter, which has been suggested to be identical with Nikosthenes. Production began around 530 to 520 BC and continued under Nikosthenes' successor Pamphaios – at that stage in the red-figure style – to cease between 500 and 490 BC.
# Cherrie Choi

Cherrie Choi (Chinese: 蔡立兒; born 7 September 1972), formerly known as Cai Li, is a Hong Kong singer best known for "Zhu Fu Ni", "Jue Lian", "Zen Me", "Xiang Gui Jia De Nv Hai" and "Conversation" (collaborated with George Lam).

## Early life and education

Choi grew up in a tenement building on Fuk Wa Street in Sham Shui Po, Kowloon, in Hong Kong. She attended Ho Man Tin Government Secondary School [zh]. While still in school she performed at a lounge with Stephanie Che and Fat Ma. She signed with Warner Music Group in 1986.
In 1989, she applied for the Hong Kong Secondary School Examination.

## Career

In 1987, she participated in the 3rd Asia-Canton Union Singing Contest with the song "Betrayal". In 1988, she debuted with the song "How". She released the album Hope produced by Lin Shi followed by the albums Incredible and Lover of June with the songs "Endless Love", "Close Your Eyes", and "A Covenant of Life and Death". With George Lam she released the song "Dialogue".
In 1990, she released the single "Close Your Eyes" which reached number one on the Ultimate Song Chart [zh] remained number one for two weeks. In the same year, she played one of the leading roles in the TV series "Love Beats".
At the end of 1992, she left Warner Records and signed with TVB, where she was the host of Jade Music Station [zh] with Au Hailun, Zhou Ying, and Liu Wenjuan.
In 2008, Cai Lier and Ouyang Dexun joined aTV Music  [zh]) and participated in the show Tribute to Hong Kong Music Industry 50 Years Anniversary  [zh]). She began using her real name Cai Li.
In 2017, she appeared in the TV show "Cantopop At 50".
In an interview in December 2017, Cai Li talked about her experience entering the music industry explaining that she sang "Saving All My Love For You" at a gathering of her parents and friends where an employee from Warner Records was there. She signed with Warner Records at the age of fifteen, and released her first album a year later.
In 2018, following "Cantopop At 50", a group of singers in the late 1980s and early 1990s formed the "Classic Alumni Association". On July 15, she and a group of singers from the "Classic Alumni Association" participated in "Love Enguang Classic Golden Melody Concert" charity concert.

## Discography
### Albums

* 希望 (Hope) (1988)
* Bu De Liao  [zh] (1989)
* 每一分爱 (Mei Yi Fen Ai) (1989)
* Close Your Eyes (Best 13 songs) (1990)
* Say U Love Me  [zh] (1991)
* Lover of June  [zh] (1992)
* Once Upon A Time…(Best of album) (1993)
* Legend Series of Warner Music –Gigi Lai, Cherrie Choi (1999)
* 响 I Am Here (2016)

### Notable album appearances

* Millennium Greatest Hits, Vol.2 , various artists

## Television series

* War of the Couple  [zh] (1993)
* Untraceable Evidence (1997)
* Armed Reaction (1998)
* Come Home Love: Lo And Behold  [zh] (2019)
# Ishaan Ghosh

Ishaan Ghosh is the son and disciple of the Tabla and Sitar maestro Pandit Nayan Ghosh. Ishaan is a Tabla player from the Farrukhabad Gharana.

## Performing career

Ishaan was born on 20 May 2000 to Pandit Nayan Ghosh.
He is the grandson of the 20th-century Tabla player Padmabhushan Pandit Nikhil Ghosh and the grand-nephew of the flautist Pandit Pannalal Ghosh. His uncle is Pandit Dhruba Ghosh. Ishaan gave his first Tabla solo recital when he was 2 years old.
Ghosh has performed with players of Indian classical music including his father Pandit Nayan Ghosh, Pandit Jasraj, Ustad Amjad Ali Khan, Pandit Buddhadev Das Gupta, Ustad Aashish Khan, Ustad Nishat Khan, Pandit Tejendra Narayan Majumdar, violin legend Dr. N Rajam, Kaushiki Chakraborty, Rahul Deshpande, Rakesh Chaurasia and Purbayan Chatterjee.
He is also a speaker at various youth platforms including TEDx.

## ARAJ

ARAJ is an Indian classical collaboration conceptualized by Ishaan Ghosh and is a group of exceptionally gifted young North Indian classical musicians.
Pandit Nayan Ghosh - Musical Mentor and Sitar
Ishaan Ghosh - Tabla
S. Akash - Flute
Mehtab Ali Niazi - Sitar
Vanraj Shastri - Sarangi
Pratik Singh - Vocals & Tabla

## Awards

He was awarded with the ‘Baba Allauddin Khan Yuva Puraskar’ by the Government of Madhya Pradesh in 2012, the ‘Achievement Award’ by President Jimmy Carter in 2016 & the ‘Rising Star Award’ in 2019.
# Dunnose Head

Dunnose Head may refer to
* Dunnose Head, West Falkland, a small settlement
* Dunnose, Isle of Wight, a headland used in navigation
# Due Leoni-Fontana Candida (Rome Metro)

Due Leoni-Fontana Candida is a station of Line C of the Rome Metro. It is located along the Via Casilina, on Via della Stazione Due Leoni. The previous train station of the Rome–Pantano railway line closed in 2008 and was totally rebuilt into the current Metro station; the stop was opened on 9 November 2014.
# Magnetic fluid

Magnetic fluid may refer to:
* Magnetorheological fluid, a type of smart fluid in a carrier fluid
* Ferrofluid, a liquid that is attracted to the poles of a magnet
* Animal magnetism, a posited invisible natural force possessed by all living things
# Magnetic gait

Magnetic gait is a form of gait abnormality.

## Presentation

The person's feet seem attached to the floor as if by a magnet. In magnetic gait, each step is initiated in a "wresting" motion carrying feet upward and forward. Magnetic gait can be visualized in terms of a powerful magnet being forcefully pulled from a steel plate.

## Associated conditions

* Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
# Magnetic flow meter

A magnetic flow meter (mag meter, electromagnetic flow meter) is a transducer that measures fluid flow by the voltage induced across the liquid by its flow through a magnetic field. A magnetic field is applied to the metering tube, which results in a potential difference proportional to the flow velocity perpendicular to the flux lines. The physical principle at work is electromagnetic induction. The magnetic flow meter requires a conducting fluid, for example, water that contains ions, and an electrical insulating pipe surface, for example, a rubber-lined steel tube.
If the magnetic field direction were constant, electrochemical and other effects at the electrodes would make the potential difference difficult to distinguish from the fluid flow induced potential difference. To show this in modern magnetic flowmeters, the magnetic field is constantly reversed, cancelling out the electrochemical potential difference, which does not change direction with the magnetic field. This however prevents the use of permanent magnets for magnetic flowmeters.
# Duraluşağı, Kozan

Duraluşağı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kozan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 117 (2022).
# Dudahi Bazar

26°47′52″N 84°08′09″E﻿ / ﻿26.7977324°N 84.1357147°E﻿ / 26.7977324; 84.1357147
Dudahi is a nagar panchayat (town area) in the Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India. Dudahi is situated on the Thawe–Kaptanganj railway route near Padrauna.
The area lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Padrauna and 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the Tamkuhi Road railway station.
Dudahi is located at the border of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
# Duda Wendling

Duda Wendling (born 19 June 2006) is a Brazilian actress. She began her career as an actress in 2012, known for productions such as Avenida Brasil, Mato Sem Cachorro, Valetins and Cumplices de um Resgate.

## Career

Duda began her acting career in 2012, playing Clarinha in the soap opera Avenida Brasil on Rede Globo. In 2013 she acted alongside Bruno Gagliasso in the film Mato Sem Cachorro. In 2015 acted in the soap opera Cumplices de um Resgate of SBT, in 2017 acted in the film Poesias Para Gael of Telemilênio Brasil, in 2018 she was part of the cast of Super Chefinhos of Rede Globo, in 2019 she starred in the series Valentins of TV Cultura and acted in Rede Globo's soap opera Verão 90. Em 2021 fez parte da série Os Veganitos.

## Filmography

Television + Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2012 | Avenida Brasil | Clarinha |
| 2013 | Mato Sem Cachorro | Lara |
| 2013 | Joia Rara | Julia |
| 2015 | Cumplices de Um Resgate | Doris |
| 2017 | Poesias Para Gael | Eline Kid |
| 2018 | Super Chefinhos | Herself |
| 2019 | Valentins | Lila Valentim |
| 2019 | Verão 90 | Isadora Ferreira |
| 2021 | Os Veganitos | Herself |
| 2022 | Stupid Wife | Sara |
# Durga Bhabani

Durga Bhabani is a village development committee in Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,052 and had 410 houses in the village.
# Brickellia stolonifera

Brickellia stolonifera is a Mexican species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in the state of Coahuila in north-central Mexico.
Brickellia stolonifera is similar to a species from nearby Chihuahua, B. simplex, but it has opposite leaves and flower heads grouped at the end of branches instead of in the axils of the leaves.
# Brickellia subuligera

Brickellia subuligera is a Mexican species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of northern and central Mexico, from Tamaulipas west to Chihuahua and south as far as Guerrero.
# Brignolia sinharaja

Brignolia sinharaja is a species of spider of the genus Brignolia. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Durmuş

Durmuş is a Turkish surname and masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Durmuş Bayram (born 1986), Turkish footballer
* Durmus A. Demir (born 1967), Turkish theoretical physicist and professor of Physics
* Durmuş Yılmaz (born 1947), Turkish economist

## Surname

* Gamze Durmuş, Turkish football referee
* İlkay Durmuş (born 1994), Turkish footballer
* Muhammed Enes Durmuş (born 1997), Turkish footballer
* Naşide Gözde Durmuş (born 1985), Turkish scientist and geneticist
* Osman Durmuş (1947–2020), Turkish physician and politician