OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Breeding

Breeding is sexual reproduction that produces offspring, usually animals or plants. It can only occur between a male and a female animal or plant.
Breeding may refer to:
* Animal husbandry, through selected specimens such as dogs, horses, and rabbits
* Breeding in the wild, the natural process of reproduction in the animal kingdom
* Sexual reproduction of plants
* Plant breeding, through specimens selected by humans for desirable traits

## Science

* Breeding refers to nuclear transmutations that produce fuel for further reactions, in a breeder reactor to become fissile material or in a fusion reactor to produce tritium, see Tritium § Lithium

### Biology

* Breeding (sex act)
* Breeding back, a breeding effort to re-assemble extinct breed genes
* Breeding pair, bonded animals who cooperate to produce offspring
* Breeding program, a planned breeding of animals or plants
* Breeding season, the period during each year when a species reproduces
* Captive breeding, raising plants or animals in zoos or other controlled conditions
* Cooperative breeding, the raising of the young using non-parental care givers
* Crossbreeding, the process of breeding an animal with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations
* Mating
* Preservation breeding, a selection practice to preserve bloodlines
* Selective breeding, an animal selection practice to encourage chosen qualities
* Smart breeding, a plant selection practice to encourage chosen qualities

## People

* James Floyd Breeding (1901–1977), U.S. Congressman from Kansas
* Marv Breeding (1934–2006), 1960s U.S. Major League Baseball player

## Media

* Breeding (EP), 2007 album by Dirty Little Rabbits
* Breeding Death, 2000 album by Bloodbath
* Breeding the Spawn, 1993 album by Suffocation
* Dust Breeding, 2001 Doctor Who television series audio play

## Places

* Breeding, Kentucky, a town in the United States
# Ackermann–Teubner Memorial Award

The Alfred Ackermann–Teubner Memorial Award for the Promotion of Mathematical Sciences recognized work in mathematical analysis. It was established in 1912 by engineer Alfred Ackermann-Teubner and was an endowment of the University of Leipzig.
It was awarded 14 times between 1914 and 1941. Subsequent awards were to be made every other year until a surplus of 60,000 marks was accumulated within the endowment, at which time, the prize was to be awarded annually. The subjects included:
* History, philosophy, teaching
* Mathematics, especially arithmetic and algebra
* Mechanics
* Mathematical physics
* Mathematics, especially analysis
* Astronomy and theory of errors
* Mathematics, especially geometry
* Applied mathematics, especially geodesy and geophysics.

## Honorees

The fifteen honorees between 1914 and 1941 are:
* 1914: Felix Klein
* 1916: Ernst Zermelo, prize of 1,000 marks
* 1918: Ludwig Prandtl
* 1920: Gustav Mie
* 1922: Paul Koebe
* 1924: Arnold Kohlschütter
* 1926: Wilhelm Blaschke
* 1928: Albert Defant
* 1930: Johannes Tropfke
* 1932: Emmy Noether and Emil Artin, co-honorees
* 1934: Erich Trefftz
* 1937: Pascual Jordan
* 1938: Erich Hecke
* 1941: Paul ten Bruggencate

## Jurists

In 1937, Constantin Carathéodory and Erhard Schmidt were invited to jury the award. Along with Wilhelm Blaschke, Carathéodory was invited again in 1944 by the German Union of Mathematicians.
# Angoor (1982 film)

Angoor (transl. The Grape) is a 1982 Indian Hindi-language comedy film. Starring Sanjeev Kumar and Deven Verma in double roles, it is directed by Gulzar. The film was a remake of the 1963 Bengali-language comedy film Bhranti Bilas, an Uttam Kumar classic that is based on Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Bengali novel by the same name, which itself is based on Shakespeare's play The Comedy of Errors Do Dooni Chaar 1968 Film also remake from the same Film and was also adapted by Rohit Shetty as Cirkus. All characters are naïve and destiny plays the main role in bringing all characters to one place. Most of the other films are generally based on false characters and deliberately make false statements to fool others.

## Plot

The film is about two pairs of identical twins separated at birth and how their lives go haywire when they meet in adulthood.
Raj Tilak (Utpal Dutt) and his wife (Shammi) are on a trip with their twin sons, both of whom they call Ashok. Since they look the same, they should be called the same, is Mr Tilak's reasoning. As fate would have it, they adopt another set of twins, both of whom they call Bahadur. An unfortunate accident then divides the family, leaving each parent with one child out of each pair of twins.
A few years later, Ashok (Sanjeev Kumar) is married to Sudha (Moushumi Chatterjee) and Bahadur (Deven Verma) is married to Prema (Aruna Irani). They all stay together with Sudha's younger sister Tanu (Deepti Naval). Into their lives enter the other Ashok, a detective novel aficionado, and Bahadur, a bhang (an edible preparation made from the leaves of the cannabis plant) lover. Now there are two Ashoks and two Bahadurs in the same city. This is more than their families, the Jeweller, the Taxi Driver and the Inspector can handle.

## Cast

* Sanjeev Kumar in a double role as twin brothers Ashok Tilak and Ashok Tilak.
* Moushmi Chatterjee as Sudha Tilak, Ashok's wife
* Deepti Naval as Tanu, Sudha's sister
* Deven Verma in a double role as twin brothers Bahadur and Bahadur.
* Aruna Irani as Prema, Bahadur's wife
* Yunus Parvez as Mansoor Miyan, Chhedilal's worker
* C. S. Dubey as Chhedilal, a jeweller
* T. P. Jain as Ganeshilal, a diamond merchant
* Padma Chavan as Alka, Ashok's friend
* Rammohan Sharma as Taxi Driver
* Shammi as Ashok's mother
* Utpal Dutt as Raj Tilak, Ashok's father (Cameo)
* Raj Kumar Kapoor as Inspector Sinha
* Arjun Chakraborty as an office assistant under Ashok Tilak
* Kamaldeep as 'Angoor' landlord
* Raj Mata as Kashibai

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer |
| "Hothon Pe Beeti Baat" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Roz Roz Daali Daali" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Preetam Aan Milo" | Sapan Chakraborty |

## Awards and nominations
### 30th Filmfare Awards

Won
* Best Comedian – Deven Verma
Nominated
* Best Actor – Sanjeev Kumar

## Home media

The DVD version of the film was released by IndiaWeekly under its own label.
# Barbara Stevens

Barbara Stevens may refer to:

## People

* Barbara Stevens (basketball)
* Barbara Stevens in 2004 North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council election#Cullercoats
* Barbara Stevens, contestant in Miss Universe 1980

## Fictional characters

* Barbara Stevens, fictional ex-wife of Donald Fisher (Home and Away)
* Barbara Stevens, character in Loft (2008 film) and The Loft (2014 film)
# Flora Eufemio

Flora Corpuz Eufemio (born April 14, 1926) was appointed Vice-Chairperson of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1996.

## Education

She received her Bachelor of Arts in English and Minor in Political Science from the Far Eastern University in 1950 and her master's degree in Social Work from the University of the Philippines in 1967.
# Enrique Riveron

Enrique Riverón (1902–1998) was a Cuban-born American visual artist, designer, and educator. He worked in painting, sculpture, as a cartoonist, and illustrator.

## Biography

Riverión was born in 1902, in Cienfuegos, Cuba. In the 1920s, he traveled to several European countries to study art under scholarship and attended the Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, Spain. His early works were Cubist and abstract. He returned to Cuba in 1927 and moved to the United States in 1937, becoming a U.S. citizen in 1943.
Riverón worked as a cartoonist at Walt Disney Studios, has his works were shown in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. Riverón's artworks is in museum and public collection including at the Miami-Dade Public Library, Wichita Art Museum, the Rice Collection of Cuban Art, and the Ringling Museum of Art.
He died in 1998, in Coral Gables, Florida.
# Thoscora brugea

Thoscora brugea is a moth of the Megalopygidae family. It was described by William Schaus in 1904. It is found in Venezuela.
The wingspan is 40 mm. The head and abdomen are ochreous and the antennae, thorax and anal tuft are greyish brown. The forewings are similar, with the veins darker. The hindwings are more greyish.
# Gorges du Guiers Vif

The Gorges du Guiers Vif (or Gorges du Frou) is a canyon located in Isère and Savoie between the towns of Corbel and Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers, and having as tributary the Guiers Vif.

## Transportation

In 1994 a little road was built that directly connects Saint-Pierre-d'Entremont in Savoie to Corbel. It passes through the Gorges du Guiers Vif. However, for driving, it is reserved for the residents.
# Bremen-Burg station

Bremen-Burg is a railway station serving the Burg district of Bremen. It also is a junction between the lines from Bremen–Bremerhaven and to Bremen-Vegesack. The station is connected to the BSAG bus network.
# Acrocercops macroclina

Acrocercops macroclina is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Karnataka, India, as well as Fiji and Malaysia. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1915. The hostplants for the species include Caesalpinia bonduc, Derris elliptica, and Moullava spicata.
# Greece in the Council of Europe

Greece was not one of the ten founding members of the Council of Europe, but it was the first state to join, doing so three months later, on 9 August 1949. In 1953, the Hellenic Parliament unanimously ratified the Council of Europe's human rights treaty, the European Convention on Human Rights, and its first protocol. Greece filed the first interstate case before the European Commission of Human Rights, Greece v. United Kingdom, in 1956, alleging human rights violations in British Cyprus.
In 1967, following a military coup, the Greek junta abolished democracy, bringing itself into conflict with the Council of Europe. In September 1967, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands filed an interstate application with the Commission regarding human rights abuses in Greece. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe also appointed a rapporteur, Max van der Stoel, to investigate the situation in Greece. On 12 December 1969, following the leaking of the Greek case report of the commission, Greece left the Council of Europe before the matter could be brought to a vote. After the fall of the junta, Greece rejoined the Council of Europe on 28 November 1974. Greece was the first state to have left the Council of Europe.
The Constitution of Greece forbids proselytism, a blanket ban which European Court of Human Rights has ruled to be incompatible with Article 9 in multiple influential cases, including Larissis and others v. Greece and Kokkinakis v. Greece. In both cases, the Court found that, while banning proselytism may be justified under certain circumstances, a blanket ban violates freedom of religion.
Greece also participates in the Council of Europe bodies European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI), the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT), and the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO).
In 2020, Greece assumed the presidency of the Council of Europe from May to November. That year, the Greek government nominated the European Court of Human Rights for the Nobel Peace Prize.
# 2013 Youngstown State Penguins football team

The 2013 Youngstown State Penguins football team represented Youngstown State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Eric Wolford and played their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They were a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference. They finished the season 8–4, 5–3 in MVFC play to finish in a four way tie for second place. They were not invited to the FCS Playoffs.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 29 | 7:30 pm | Dayton* | | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | My YTV^ | W 28–10 | 12,018 |
| September 7 | 4:00 pm | Morehead State* | | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | My YTV^ | W 67–13 | 13,226 |
| September 14 | 2:00 pm | at Michigan State* | No. 24 | Spartan StadiumEast Lansing, MI | BTN | L 17–55 | 71,626 |
| September 21 | 4:00 pm | Duquesne* | | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | My YTV^ | W 59–17 | 16,958 |
| September 28 | 7:00 pm | at Southern Illinois | | Saluki StadiumCarbondale, IL | WBCB/ESPN3 | W 28–27 | 11,408 |
| October 5 | 3:00 pm | at Indiana State | | Memorial StadiumTerre Haute, IN | WBCB | W 35–24 | 8,000 |
| October 12 | 7:00 pm | Illinois State | No. 18 | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | ESPN3/My YTV^ | W 59–21 | 16,593 |
| October 19 | 4:00 pm | Western Illinois | No. 16 | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | ESPN3/My YTV^ | W 24–14 | 13,607 |
| November 2 | 2:00 pm | South Dakota | No. 11 | DakotaDomeVermillion, SD | ESPN3 | W 38–34 | 6,676 |
| November 9 | 5:00 pm | at Northern Iowa | No. 9 | UNI-DomeCedar Falls, IA | PSN | L 20–22 | 10,034 |
| November 16 | 2:00 pm | No. 1 North Dakota State | No. 15 | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | NBCND/ESPN3 | L 17–35 | 13,164 |
| November 23 | 2:00 pm | No. 16 South Dakota State | No. 15 | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | My YTV/ESPN3 | L 13-42 | 8,973 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||
^Game aired on a tape delayed basis

## Ranking movements

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking RV = Received votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | Pre | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | Final |
| Sports Network | RV | RV | 24 | RV | RV | RV | 18 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 18 |
| Coaches | 24 | 24 | 23 | RV | RV | 22 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 19 |
# Enforcer (battering ram)

Enforcer (also known informally as a "Rammit", "the Sam", "Donker", "Sam", "Bosher", and "the big red key") is the term given to a specially designed manual battering ram manufactured by Sigma Security Devices Ltd and currently used by British police and armed forces, fire services and other agencies to aid in gaining entry to premises.

## Construction

The Enforcer is a 16 kg hardened steel construction with a steel pad at the impact end so that it can absorb the impact, and a handle at the opposite end angled so that the user can swing accurately at inward-opening doors without actually applying their own pressure more than necessary. Further, there is a handle in the middle of the tube aiding the user in handling. The Enforcer can apply more than three tonnes of impact force to door locks. It is 58 cm long.

## Police use

In London the Metropolitan Police Services' Armed Response Vehicles and most station vans carry them. Within most forces an officer can only use such a tool once they have attended a course receiving training in the safe handling and operational use. Also, most forces insist that the user wears gloves to cushion the user's hands from the shock created when a door is struck with the ram.
# Continuing trespass

A continuing trespass is:
* a wrongful act involving a course of action which is a direct invasion of the rights of another.
* a trespass in the taking of goods, although without intent to appropriate them, followed by an appropriation, the original trespass being deemed to continue to the time of the appropriation, so that the subsequent appropriation is larceny.
# Gornji Sređani

Gornji Sređani is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 198.
# Glutamine—fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing)

In enzymology, a glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) (EC 2.6.1.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    L-glutamine + D-fructose 6-phosphate $\rightleftharpoons$ L-glutamate + D-glucosamine 6-phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine and D-fructose 6-phosphate, whereas its two products are L-glutamate and D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating). This enzyme participates in glutamate metabolism and aminosugars metabolism.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 12 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1JXA, 1MOQ, 1MOR, 1MOS, 1XFF, 1XFG, 2BPL, 2J6H, 2POC, 2PUT, 2PUV, and 2PUW.
# Future Energy

Future Energy is a former accreditation scheme for green electricity in the United Kingdom, designed to support and stimulate electricity generation from renewable energy sources. The scheme was launched in 1999 and was operated by the Energy Saving Trust until funding expired in 2002.
It is thought that funding was not renewed due to few suppliers were prepared to accept the new requirements for green tariffs proposed by the Trust following the introduction of the Renewables Obligation. As of 2007 the scheme has not been replaced, although Friends of the Earth, who used to run their own scheme, have been among those calling on the government to do so.
# Houdian writing brush

Houdian writing brush or Houdian-Maobi (simplified Chinese: 侯店毛笔; traditional Chinese: 侯店毛筆; pinyin: Hóu-Diàn Máo-Bǐ; "Máo-Bǐ" here means "ink brush"), is a famous kind of ink brushes in China. Along with Huzhou ink brushes, Xuan writing brushes, and Daiyuexuan writing brushes, Houdian ink brushes are among the four most famous.

## History

Houdian is a small village in Hubei Province. The activities of manufacturing and producing ink brushes already started in the Ming dynasty. The earliest historic record can be traced back to 1404.
In the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Houdian ink brushes were largely flourished, especially during the Guangxu era.

## The brushes

Houdian brushes have more than 270 different kinds in total. In history, it was more used in traditional Chinese paintings, especially in shan shui paintings.
# Flavigny

Flavigny may refer to:

## Places
### France

* Flavigny, Cher, in the Cher département
* Flavigny, Marne, in the Marne département
* Flavigny-le-Grand-et-Beaurain, in the Aisne département
* Flavigny-sur-Moselle, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département
* Flavigny-sur-Ozerain, in the Côte-d'Or département
** Flavigny Abbey, a Dominican (formerly Benedictine) monastery in Flavigny-sur-Ozerain

## Food

* Anise of Flavigny, an anise flavored pastille from France

## People with the surname

* Hugh of Flavigny (c. 1064-1140), Benedictine abbot and historian
# Enforcement officer

Enforcement officer may refer to:
* Bylaw enforcement officer
* Civil enforcement officer
* Civilian enforcement officer
* High Court enforcement officer
* Law enforcement officer
* Parking enforcement officer
# Convergence (routing)

Convergence is the state of a set of routers that have the same topological information about the internetwork in which they operate. For a set of routers to have converged, they must have collected all available topology information from each other via the implemented routing protocol, the information they gathered must not contradict any other router's topology information in the set, and it must reflect the real state of the network. In other words: in a converged network all routers "agree" on what the network topology looks like.
Convergence is an important notion for a set of routers that engage in dynamic routing. All interior gateway protocols rely on convergence to function properly. "To have, or be, converged" is the normal state of an operational autonomous system. The Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol BGP typically never converges because the Internet is too big for changes to be communicated fast enough.

## Convergence process

When a routing protocol process is enabled, every participating router will attempt to exchange information about the topology of the network. The extent of this information exchange, the way it is sent and received, and the type of information required vary widely depending on the routing protocol in use, see e.g. RIP, OSPF, BGP4.
A state of convergence is achieved once all routing protocol-specific information has been distributed to all routers participating in the routing protocol process. Any change in the network that affects routing tables will break the convergence temporarily until this change has been successfully communicated to all other routers.

## Convergence time

Convergence time is a measure of how fast a group of routers reach the state of convergence. It is one of the main design goals and an important performance indicator for routing protocols, which should implement a mechanism that allows all routers running the protocol to quickly and reliably converge. Of course, the size of the network also plays an important role. A larger network will converge more slowly than a smaller one.
RIP is a routing protocol that converges so slowly that even a network of a few routers can take a couple of minutes to converge. In case of a new route being advertised, triggered updates can speed up RIP's convergence but to flush a route that previously existed takes longer due to the holddown timers in use. OSPF is an example of a fast-converging routing protocol. A network of a few OSPF routers can converge in a matter of seconds.
Certain configuration and hardware conditions will prevent a network from ever converging. For instance, a "flapping" interface (an interface that frequently changes its state between "up" and "down") might cause conflicting information to propagate throughout the network so the routers never agree on its current state. Under certain circumstances it might be desirable to withhold detailed routing information from parts of the network via route aggregation, thereby speeding up convergence of the topological information shared by all routers.
# List of Washington Nationals owners and executives

This is a list of Montreal Expos and Washington Nationals owners and executives.
(This Major League Baseball franchise played as the Montreal Expos from 1969 through 2004 and has played as the Washington Nationals since 2005.)

## Owners
### Montreal Expos

| Name | Years |
| Charles Bronfman | 1969-1991 |
| Claude Brochu | 1991-1998 |
| Jeffrey Loria | 1998-2002 |
| Expos Baseball, LP a subsidiary of Major League Baseball | 2002-2004 |

### Washington Nationals

| Name | Years |
| Expos Baseball, LP | 2004–2006 |
| Ted Lerner | 2006–2023 |
| Mark Lerner | 2023-present |

### Presidents

| Name | Years |
| Stan Kasten | 2006–2010 |
| Mike Rizzo | 2013–present |

## General Managers
### Montreal Expos

| Name | Years |
| Jim Fanning | 1969–1976 |
| Charlie Fox | 1976–1978 |
| John McHale | 1978–1984 |
| Murray Cook | 1984–1987 |
| Bill Stoneman | 1987–1988 |
| Dave Dombrowski | 1988–1991 |
| Dan Duquette | 1991–1994 |
| Kevin Malone | 1994–1995 |
| Jim Beattie | 1995–2001 |
| Larry Beinfest | 2001-2002 |
| Omar Minaya | 2002–2004 |

### Washington Nationals

| Name | Years |
| Jim Bowden | 2005–2009 |
| Mike Rizzo | 2009–present |

## Other executives
### Montreal Expos

| Name | Years |
| Chris Antonetti | 1998 |
| Bing Devine | 1978– ? |
| Mel Didier | 1970–1975 |
| Jim Fanning | 1968–1981 1982–1984 1984– ? |
| Neal Huntington | 1995–1997 |
| Bobby Winkles | Late 1970s–Early 1980s |

### Washington Nationals

| Name | Years |
| Bob Boone | ? -present |
| José Cardenal | 2005–2009 |
| Chuck LaMar | 2007 |
| Barry Larkin | 2005–2008 |
| Moose Stubing | 2008–2018 |