OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Huang Chun-fa

Huang Chun-fa (Chinese: 黃春發; pinyin: Huáng Chūnfā; born 1957) is a Taiwanese businessman and son of Huang Rong-hua (黃榮華), one of the founding brothers of the Miramar Group conglomerate and the Miramar Huang family (美麗華黃家).
According to a China Post report, “The Miramar Group consists of subdivisions owned by different members within the giant, extended Huang family”. Within this structure, Huang Chun-fa is the owner of Durban Development Company (德安集團) (construction), Tze Hsin 志信) (transportation and gas stations), Mayer Steel Pipe Corporation (“Taiwan Mayer” 美亞鋼管), Durban Department Store (德安百貨), and the Miramar hotels (Taipei Gardens 台北美麗信花園酒店, Hsinchu Miramar 新竹美麗信花園酒店, and Taitung Miramar Resort 台東美麗灣酒店), and other businesses.
Until recently, Huang owned Daily Air Corporation, a small fleet of six planes servicing Penghu islands (off the coast of Kaohsiung), as well as Orchid and Green Islands (off the coast of Taitung), but the company's shares were gradually sold off to Huang employee, Kuo Tze-hsin (郭自行) whereupon Kuo became the sole owner.
Huang was also a previous distributor for SsangYong Motor in Taiwan.

## Daily Air Corporation subsidy fraud investigation

In 2018 Huang Chun-fa was investigated regarding subsidy application fraud over a 10-year period dating back to 2005 in relation to his time as chairman of Daily Air Corporation. The investigation involved “more than NT$500 million” in subsidies. According to the China Times: “Daily Air was suspected of over-reporting expenses and declaring false losses when applying to the Civil Aviation Administration for subsidies. The Civil Aviation Administration sent an auditor to the airport maintenance facility to check the application, and did not find the listed items listed in the subsidy application.”
The over-reported costs allegedly included “maintenance costs, and special private expenses”. After questioning, Huang Chun-fa was released on bail of NT$3 million.
# Clarington (disambiguation)

Clarington is a city in Ontario, Canada.
Clarington may also refer to:
* Clarington, Ohio, United States
* Clarington, Pennsylvania, United States
# Hubei People's Press

Hubei People's Press (Chinese: 湖北人民出版社), also known as Hubei People's Publishing House, abbreviated as PPH, is a publishing organization in the People's Republic of China. Inaugurated on September 1, 1954, its office is located in Wuhan.
The predecessor of Hubei People's Press was the Zhongnan People's Publishing House (中南人民出版社) and Zhongnan People's Literature and Art Publishing House (中南人民文学艺术出版社) founded in the early days of the founding of the PRC. It is now a comprehensive publishing house for social sciences in the province.

## Important published books

* Exposure of the Crimes of Hu Feng's counter-revolutionary Group (对胡风反革命集团罪行的揭露), 1955.
* Reveal the True Face of "Ever-victorious General" Lin Biao (剥掉林彪"常胜将军"的画皮), 1974.
* Xu Chongde and He Huahui. The Constitution and Democratic System (宪法与民主制度), 1982.
* A biography of Lin Biao (林彪的这一生), 1994.
* Complete Works of Hu Feng (胡风全集), 1999.
* Fabrication of the "Hu Feng Clique" (胡风集团冤案始末), 2003.
* he Three Lin Brothers: Lin Yuying, Lin Yunan, Lin Biao (林氏三兄弟：林育英林育南), 2004.
# Hubei University of Chinese Medicine

The Hubei University of Chinese Medicine (湖北中医药大学), formerly known as Hubei Traditional Chinese Medicine College (湖北中医学院), is a provincial public university located in Wuhan, Hubei, China.

## History

The history of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine dates back to 1958 when it was first founded as Hubei Vocational School of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In 2003, the university was renewed by combining with Hubei College of Medical Laboratory Sciences.

## Infrastructure

The college has three secondary schools, four affiliated hospitals, four State-Level (highest level) Medical Research Centers, and 10 Research Institutions.
The university occupies 161 acres (0.65 km$^2$) with a total construction of about 470,000m$^2$. The university has 15 departments, 28 specialties for bachelor's degrees and 9 specialties for professional training, 28 specialties for master's degrees, and 16 specialties for doctorate degrees; more than 104 bases for clinical practice, including 7 affiliated hospitals, 21 State-Level, Province-Level or College-Level laboratories for teaching. At present the university has 18,000 students.

### International students

Since 1986 when it started to enroll foreign students and students from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Africa, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, Hong Kong-Macau-Taiwan, the university has successively established such organizations as the Foreign Affairs Department, Overseas Education school and Hong Kong-Macao-Taiwan Affairs’ Office, which serve as a relatively independent facility, providing overseas students with the teaching and the affiliated facilities.
Since 1986, the University has trained over 1,600 overseas students from over 30 different countries and regions, has developed the ability to receive about 50 groups of visiting guests per year, and has exchanged and cooperated with over 50 universities, academic institutions and companies from over 25 countries. Up to now, the International Education School has more than 500 resident overseas students from over 30 countries and regions. The new campus started construction in 2004.
The new buildings of the International Education School, consisting of accommodation, canteens, an entertainment center, a fitness center, a gymnasium, conference rooms, and offices.

## Academic staff

The university staff has reached the number of 1212 people: among them, 859 are full-time teachers, 385 have the title of Professor or Associated Professor, 300 are tutors for mastership candidates, 40 are for doctorate candidates, 11 nationwide famous tutors for Chinese medicine succession, and more than 30 people enjoy Special Allowance issued by State Council and Provincial Government.
# Huhtasuo (ward)

Huhtasuo is a ward of Jyväskylä, Finland. It contains the Huhtasuo and Kangasvuori districts. The area was mostly built during the 1970s. The population of Huhtasuo was 9 373 in 2016.

## Gallery

* Apartment houses in Huhtasuo.
* An apartment house in Kangasvuori.
* Pupuhuhta is a neighborhood built in the 1970s.
* Huhtakeskus shopping mall.
* Houses built in the 2010s in Kangasvuori.

## Notable people

* Matti Nykänen, ski jumper
* Raimo Summanen, ice hockey player and coach
* Tarmo Uusivirta, boxer
# Claudia Anaya Mota

Claudia Edith Anaya Mota (born 6 June 1979) is a Mexican politician from the city of Zacatecas. She is a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 2013, after formerly belonging to the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
In the 2009 mid-terms she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the second electoral region on the PRD ticket. She was re-elected to Congress for Zacatecas's third district as a member of the PRI in 2015.
Anaya Mota was elected to the Senate for Zacatecas in the 2018 general election and ran unsuccessfully for governor of Zacatecas in the 2021 election. She was re-elected to the Senate as Zacatecas's third senator in the 2024 election for the Fuerza y Corazón por México coalition (PAN/PRI/PRD).
# Claude Combes

Claude Combes (born 22 July 1935 in Perpignan) is a French biologist and parasitologist. He is a professor of animal biology and director of the Centre de Biologie et Écologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne at the Université de Perpignan.
He got his aggregation of natural sciences in 1958 and a doctoral degree in 1967.
He has received several scientific awards including the CNRS Silver Medal (1986), Skryabin Medal (USSR Academy of Sciences) (1991), Philip Morris Research Prize (1990).
He has been a member of the French Academy of Sciences since 1996.

## Books

* La Vie, 2002 Ellipses (L'esprit des sciences)
* Taxonomie, écologie et évolution des métazoaires parasites. (Taxonomy, ecology and evolution of metazoan parasites), 2003 PUP
* The Art of Being a Parasite, 2005 The University of Chicago Press (2003 in French)
* Encyclopedic Reference of Parasitology, (2nd edition, 38 co-authors), 2002 Springer
* Interactions durables. Ecologie et évolution du parasitisme, 1995 Masson (Ecologie, 26)
* L'homme et l'animal. De Lascaux à la vache folle, 1999 Belin (Pour la Science)
* Les associations du vivant : l'art d'être parasite, 2001 Flammarion
* Parasitism. The Ecology and Evolution of Intimate Interactions. 2001 University of Chicago Press
# Clark Mathis

Clark Mathis (sometimes credited as J. Clark Mathis) is an American cinematographer and television director.
As a cinematographer, he photographed a number of notable films. His credits include the Disney Channel original film Gotta Kick It Up! (2002), In the Mix (2005), Rocky Balboa (2006) and Brian Robbins-directed films The Perfect Score (2004), Norbit (2007), Meet Dave (2008) and A Thousand Words (2012), the latter three films starring Eddie Murphy. He also photographed for the television series Cousin Skeeter, The Fugitive, Birds of Prey and Love Bites.
He made his directorial debut with the film Bereft (2004), co-directing with actor Tim Daly. Since then he has primarily directed television, directing episodes of The Comeback, One Tree Hill, Blue Mountain State, Supah Ninjas and Grimm.
# Huiji Temple

Huiji Temple (simplified Chinese: 惠济寺; traditional Chinese: 惠濟寺; pinyin: Huìjì Sì or simplified Chinese: 慧济寺; traditional Chinese: 慧濟寺; pinyin: Huìjì Sì), may refer to:
* Huiji Temple (Nanjing) (惠济寺; 惠濟寺), in Pukou District of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
* Huiji Temple (Yuanping) (惠济寺; 惠濟寺), in Yuanping, Shanxi, China
# Hugh Hill

Hugh Hill may refer to:
* Sir Hugh Hill, 1st Baronet (1728–1795) of the Hill baronets, member for Londonderry City in Parliament of Ireland
* Sir Hugh Hill (judge) (1802–1871), British judge
* Hugh Hill (privateer) (1740–1829), American mariner and Revolutionary War privateer
* Hugh Lawson White Hill (1810–1892), American politician
* Hugh Hill (baseball) (1879–1958), American baseball player
* Hugh Morgan Hill (1921–2009), American folklorist & street performer, a.k.a. Brother Blue
# Hugh Boyle

Hugh Boyle may refer to:
* Hugh Charles Boyle (1873–1950), American Roman Catholic bishop
* Hugh Boyle (golfer) (1936–2015), Irish golfer
* Hugh Boyle (trade unionist) (1850–1907), British trade unionist
* Hugh Boyle Ewing (1826–1905), American diplomat, author and lawyer
* Hugh Boyle (bishop) (1897–1986), Bishop of Johannesburg
# Hulda Lashanska

Hulda Lashanska (March 15, 1893 – January 17, 1974) was an American lyric soprano.

## Biography

Hulda Lashanska was the youngest of three daughters born to Henry and Barbette Lashanska (her siblings were Rosie and Lillian) in Manhattan, New York.
She studied singing with Frieda Ashforth and Marcella Sembrich. Before leaving for Europe to further her studies, Lashanska's recital debut took place on May 2, 1909, at the Lyceum Theatre in New York City, where she performed under the name "Hulda Lashan." A critic wrote "Lashanska's natural ability has been guided into proper channels by thorough instruction, and even now she sings with a measure of art and understanding very uncommon in a singer of her years and inexperience. She revealed an abundance of excellent artistic material, especially a voice of vibrant quality, rich in color, and a pronounced degree of musical and dramatic temperament." Organized by Alexander Lambert, the concert's purpose was to raise funds for Lashanska's continued studies abroad.
Her first song recital at Aeolian Hall took place on January 24, 1918. A critic remarked: "From Sembrich, who has taught her for two years, she has acquired not only the art of easy and pure tone production, but also the secrets of style and correct phrasing dependent largely, on her splendid breathing control. She is an oasis in the desert of voices." She first sang at Carnegie Hall in 1919.
"Madam Lashanska has a voice of pure and limpid beauty, artistic gifts of musicianship bestowed like the proverbial silver spoon, by the good fairies at her birth, and she has "the aristocratic note," quoted by Emma Eames.
Her only appearance at the Metropolitan Opera was at the eighteenth Sunday evening concert, March 17, 1918, where she sang "Depuis le jour" from Louise and three songs.
Lashanska first appeared with the New York Philharmonic on November 27, 1910, where she sang Franz Liszt's "Die Lorelei" with the orchestra conducted by Walter Damrosch. Her last appearance with the Philharmonic was November 22, 1936, at Lewisohn Stadium where she sang an aria by George Frideric Handel and songs by Hugo Wolf under conductor John Barbirolli. An unnamed critic wrote "Her singing merited praise for tonal quality and mellowness along with understanding of the moods of the music. Certain outstanding high notes were somewhat vibratory, but her voice was satisfactory in volume for the taxing requirements of outdoor performance and, for the most part, produced with ample fluency."
She died on January 17, 1974, at her home at 550 Park Avenue in Manhattan, at the age of 80.

## Personal

Hulda Lashanska married Harold Rosenbaum (born March 21, 1886) on March 27, 1913. He died on June 8, 1926. They had two daughters: Lenore and Peggy. In 1938, her daughter Peggy married Peter Gerald Lehman (1917-1944), son of Herbert H. Lehman, the 45th Governor of New York; he was killed while serving during World War II.
# Hulda Klager Lilac Gardens

The Hulda Klager Lilac Gardens are nonprofit botanical gardens specializing in lilacs, located at 115 South Pekin Road, Woodland, Washington. The gardens open in Spring mid-April for Lilac Days 10:00am–4:00pm daily *check website for dates; After Lilac Days check website for current days/hours. There is an admission fee charged payable at the cashier station(cash/check/card). A small admission supports the operation of the gardens. There is also an annual plant sale during Lilac Days only. The house and museum are only open during Lilac Days.

## History

The gardens were established by Hulda Klager (1863–1960), who began hybridizing lilacs in 1905. She was inspired by the work of Luther Burbank. By 1910 she had created 14 new varieties, and in 1920 she started showing her lilacs every spring.
In 1948 the gardens were flooded, only the larger trees survived. People who had purchased plants in the past returned starts to Hulda and the gardens were replanted. Two years later in 1950 the gardens were once again open for the annual "Lilac Week".
Hulda eventually developed over 250 varieties. After her death, the gardens were preserved and then organized into a nonprofit foundation in 1976.
Today the gardens contain more than 90 varieties of lilacs, as well as Victorian gardens and a farmhouse.
# Clavillazo

José Antonio Hipólito Espino Mora (13 August 1910 – 24 November 1993), better known as Clavillazo (Great Little Nail), was a Mexican comedic actor who was mostly popular from the 1940s to the 1960s.

## History

His catchphrases were ""¡Pura vida!", "¡Ahí nomás!", en tono de alegría o "¡Nunca me hagan eso!", "¡Méndigo!"". He appeared in more than thirty films from the year 1951 to 1988.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1953 | Ahí Vienen Los Gorrones | Martin |
| 1954 | Se solicitan modelos | |
| 1956 | El fantasma de la casa roja | Diogenes Holmes |
| 1956 | Pura Vida | Melquiades Ledezma |
| 1957 | Pobres millonarios | |
| 1958 | Piernas de oro | Clavillazo Tachuela |
| 1958 | The Castle of the Monsters | |
| 1960 | Juan Polainas | |
| 1960 | Conquistador of the Moon | Bartolo |
# Hugh Royer

Hugh Royer may refer to:
* Hugh Royer Jr. (1936–2014), American professional golfer
* Hugh Royer III (born 1964), his son, American golfer and golf instructor
# Clique game

The clique game is a positional game where two players alternately pick edges, trying to occupy a complete clique of a given size.
The game is parameterized by two integers n > k. The game-board is the set of all edges of a complete graph on n vertices. The winning-sets are all the cliques on k vertices. There are several variants of this game:
* In the strong positional variant of the game, the first player who holds a k-clique wins. If no one wins, the game is a draw.
* In the Maker-Breaker variant, the first player (Maker) wins if he manages to hold a k-clique, otherwise the second player (Breaker) wins. There are no draws.
* In the Avoider-Enforcer variant, the first player (Avoider) wins if he manages not to hold a k-clique. Otherwise, the second player (Enforcer) wins. There are no draws. A special case of this variant is Sim.
The clique game (in its strong-positional variant) was first presented by Paul Erdős and John Selfridge, who attributed it to Simmons. They called it the Ramsey game, since it is closely related to Ramsey's theorem (see below).

## Winning conditions

Ramsey's theorem implies that, whenever we color a graph with 2 colors, there is at least one monochromatic clique. Moreover, for every integer k, there exists an integer R(k,k) such that, in every graph with $n\geq R_{2}(k,k)$ vertices, any 2-coloring contains a monochromatic clique of size at least k. This means that, if $n\geq R_{2}(k,k)$, the clique game can never end in a draw. a Strategy-stealing argument implies that the first player can always force at least a draw; therefore, if $n\geq R_{2}(k,k)$, Maker wins. By substituting known bounds for the Ramsey number we get that Maker wins whenever $k\leq {\log _{2}n \over 2}$.
On the other hand, the Erdos-Selfridge theorem implies that Breaker wins whenever $k\geq {2\log _{2}n}$.
Beck improved these bounds as follows:
* Maker wins whenever $k\leq 2\log _{2}n-2\log _{2}\log _{2}n+2\log _{2}e-10/3+o(1)$;
* Breaker wins whenever $k\geq 2\log _{2}n-2\log _{2}\log _{2}n+2\log _{2}e-1+o(1)$.

## Ramsey game on higher-order hypergraphs

Instead of playing on complete graphs, the clique game can also be played on complete hypergraphs of higher orders. For example, in the clique game on triplets, the game-board is the set of triplets of integers 1,...,n (so its size is ${n \choose 3}$ ), and winning-sets are all sets of triplets of k integers (so the size of any winning-set in it is ${k \choose 3}$).
By Ramsey's theorem on triples, if $n\geq R_{3}(k,k)$, Maker wins. The currently known upper bound on $R_{3}(k,k)$ is very large, $2^{k^{2}/6}<R_{3}(k,k)<2^{2^{4k-10}}$. In contrast, Beck proves that $2^{k^{2}/6}<R_{3}^{*}(k,k)<k^{4}2^{k^{3}/6}$, where $R_{3}^{*}(k,k)$ is the smallest integer such that Maker has a winning strategy. In particular, if $k^{4}2^{k^{3}/6}<n$ then the game is Maker's win.
# Hugh MacDonald (filmmaker)

Hugh MacDonald (correctly Macdonald) is a film director from New Zealand. He has worked on films for the Government National Film Unit including travel films and historical drama The Governor. He has been nominated for an Academy Award for Animated Short Film as producer.

## Work

Macdonald directed the short film This is New Zealand which was shown across three screens in the New Zealand pavilion at Expo '70 in Osaka.
In 1986, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Animated Short Film as producer of The Frog, the Dog and the Devil, made with the New Zealand National Film Unit and Martin Townsend.
In August 2017, Macdonald presented at the New Zealand International Film Festival the biographical documentary "No Ordinary Sheila", which describes the 9-decades-long life of the Wellington-based natural historian, illustrator and writer Sheila Natusch. The movie was filmed over three years (2014-2017), mostly shot in Wellington and Stewart Island.
# Clavatula knudseni

Clavatula knudseni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Clavatulidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off West Africa (Senegal, Gambia and Ivory Coast).
# Cleodora

Cleodora may refer to:
* Cleodora (plant) a section of the genus Croton
* In Greek mythology:
** One of the Daughters of Danaus
** Kleodora, one of the Thriae
# Cleodorus

In Greek mythology, Cleodorus (Ancient Greek:Κλεόδωρον) was a Rhodian soldier during the Trojan War who was shot to death by Paris, son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy. Cleodorus himself was the son of Lernus and Amphiale.
# Hugh Mackay (Quebec politician)

Hugh Mackay (1832 – April 2, 1890) was a Scottish-born businessman and political figure in Quebec. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec representing Victoria division from April 4 to 13 in 1888.
He was born in Caithness, the son of Angus Mackay and his wife Euphemia. Mackay came to Canada during the 1830s and was educated at the École Phillips in Montreal. He was employed by Joseph Mackay and Sons which was owned by his uncles, becoming a partner in 1856. Mackay was president of the Mackay Institute for deaf-mutes, vice-president of the local St. Andrew's Society and a director of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company. He was also a co-founder and director for the Bell Telephone Company of Canada. Mackay later moved to Saint Louis, Missouri, where he died at the age of 57. He was buried in Mount Royal Cemetery.
His brother Robert served in the Canadian senate.
# Clement Mok

Clement Mok (born 1958) is a graphic designer and author.
Mok founded several design-related businesses — Studio Archetype (acquired by Sapient), CMCD and NetObjects, Inc. In 1997, Mok recruited George Chen in a photoshoot for an early collection of stock photography made for graphic designers distributed on CD-ROM, whose likeness was used in many high-profile print and billboard advertising campaigns, inadvertently creating an unofficial mascot for the dot-com era, nicknamed "The Internet Guy". From 1998 until 2001, he was Chief Creative Officer of Sapient. Mok also served as the national president of AIGA and was the creative director at Apple Inc. in the early 1980s. Currently, he leads a new subscription-based royalty-free stock image business and consults on a variety of product development projects.

## Information architecture

Mok authored an influential early information architecture manual, Designing Business (Adobe Press, June 1996).
# Hurrikaani Loimaa

Hurrikaani Loimaa is a Finnish volleyball team located in Loimaa. The team plays at the highest level in the country, the Finnish Volleyball Champions League.

## History

Hurrikaani Loimaa moved up to the top Finnish Volleyball Champions League in 2007. The team won their first championship at the end of the 2024 season.
# Hurriyya SC

Hurriyya Sports Club is a Maldivian sports club best known for its football team. They competed in top level Dhivehi League from 1996 and were relegated to second division in 2006.

## Achievements

* Dhivehi League: 1
** 2005
* POMIS Cup: 2
** 1999, 2000

## Performance in AFC competitions

* Asian Club Championship: 1 appearance
       2001: Second Round
* AFC Cup: 1 appearance
       2006: Group Stage