OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chiasma (genetics)

In genetics, a chiasma (pl.: chiasmata) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes. At a given chiasma, an exchange of genetic material can occur between both chromatids, what is called a chromosomal crossover, but this is much more frequent during meiosis than mitosis. In meiosis, absence of a chiasma generally results in improper chromosomal segregation and aneuploidy.
Points of crossing over become visible as chiasma after the synaptonemal complex dissembles and the homologous chromosomes slightly apart from each other.
The phenomenon of genetic chiasmata (chiasmatypie) was discovered and described in 1909 by Frans Alfons Janssens, a Professor at the University of Leuven in Belgium.
When each tetrad, which is composed of two pairs of sister chromatids, begins to split, the only points of contact are at the chiasmata. The chiasmata become visible during the diplotene stage of prophase I of meiosis, but the actual "crossing-overs" of genetic material are thought to occur during the previous pachytene stage. Sister chromatids also form chiasmata between each other (also known as a chi structure), but because their genetic material is identical, it does not cause any noticeable change in the resulting daughter cells.
In humans, there seems to be one chiasma per chromosome arm, and in mammals, the number of chromosome arms is a good predictor of the number of crossovers. Yet, in humans and possibly other species, evidence shows that the number of crossovers is regulated at the level of an entire chromosome and not an arm.
The grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum was exposed to an acute dose of X-rays during each individual stage of meiosis, and chiasma frequency was measured. Irradiation during the leptotene-zygotene stages of meiosis, that is, prior to the pachytene period in which crossover recombination occurs, was found to increase subsequent chiasma frequency. Similarly, in the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus, exposure to X-irradiation during the zygotene-early pachytene stages caused a significant increase in mean cell chiasma frequency. Chiasma frequency was scored at the later diplotene-diakinesis stages of meiosis. These results suggest that X-rays induce DNA damages, likely including double-strand breaks, and these damages are repaired by a crossover pathway leading to chiasma formation.
# Ercan

Ercan may refer to:

## Given name

* Ercan Akbay (born 1959), writer, painter and musician
* Ercan Aktuna (1940–2013), Turkish football player
* Ercan Durmaz (born 1965), Turkish-German actor
* Ercan Muslu (born 1988), Turkish long-distance runner
* Ercan Özçelik (born 1967), actor and a German citizen
* Ercan Şahin (born 1971), musician, songwriter, composer, Bağlama player
* Ercan Süleymany (born 1981), Albanian footballer
* Ercan Osmani (born 1998), Albanian basketball player
* Ercan Yazgan (1946–2018), Turkish comedian

## Surname

* Abdullah Ercan (born 1971), Turkish football player
* Aytaç Ercan (born 1976), Turkish Paralympian wheelchair basketballer
* Mine Ercan (born 1987), Turkish women's wheelchair basketball player
* Şeyma Ercan (born 1994), Turkish female volleyball player

## Other uses

* Ercan International Airport, principal airport of entry into the de facto non recognised Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
# Hooks (surname)

Hooks is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benjamin Hooks (1925-2010), American civil rights leader
* Brian Hooks (born 1973), American actor, writer and director
* Charles Hooks (1768–1843), United States Representative from North Carolina
* Ellis Hooks (born 1974), American blues singer and songwriter
* Gene Hooks (born 1928), American baseball player, coach and administrator
* George Hooks (born 1945), Democratic member of the Georgia Senate
* Jan Hooks (1957-2014), American actress and comedian best known for her work on the TV comedy show Saturday Night Live
* Jay Hooks (born 1967), American guitarist, singer and songwriter
* Jill Hooks, New Zealand academic
* Jim Hooks (born 1950), American football player
* Kevin Hooks (born 1958), American actor and film director
* Lonna Hooks, former Secretary of State of New Jersey (1994-1998)
* Mitchell Hooks (1923-2013), American artist and illustrator
* Robert Hooks (born 1937), American actor
* Roland Hooks (born 1953), American retired National Football League running back
# Judge Burke

Judge Burgess may refer to:
* Harold P. Burke (1895–1981), judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York
* Liles C. Burke (born 1969), judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
* Lloyd Hudson Burke (1916–1988), judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
# Marsilius

Marsilius may refer to
several medieval scholars:
* Marsilius of Padua
* Marsilius of Inghen
* Marsilius Ficinus
as well as
# Jimmy Ogonga

Jimmy Ogonga is a Kenyan multimedia artist. Born in Nairobi, Kenya, Ogonga taught himself fine arts by drawing portraits; these images were often of political figures, the people whose stories and activities he was being exposed to while growing in East Africa. He has exhibited in African and European art galleries. Ogonga started his sculptural works in the 1990s, including curved-wood and welded-metallic images. He lives and works in Nairobi.
He founded the Nairobi Arts Trust in 2001.
# Chone River

The Chone River is a river of Ecuador situated in the Manabí Province. The river is sourced from the mountains and flows into the Bahía de Caráquez (Bay of Caráquez) in the Pacific Ocean, near the town of Bahía de Caráquez.

## Dams

The large Esperanza Dam (Represa de Esperanza) was completed on the Chone in 1985. It does not have any hydroelectric power component, but was constructed solely for irrigation and flood control.
# Ronaldo Chacón

Ronaldo Daniel Chacón Zambrano (born 18 February 1998) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a forward for Venezuelan Primera División club Deportivo La Guaira.

## International career

Chacón was called up to the Venezuela under-20 side for the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He played in the final, as his side were beaten by England.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 20 October 2019.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Deportivo Táchira | 2014–15 | Primera División | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Deportivo Táchira | 2015 | Primera División | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Deportivo Táchira | 2016 | Primera División | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Deportivo Táchira | Total | Total | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Caracas | 2016 | Primera División | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Caracas | 2017 | Primera División | 10 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| Caracas | 2018 | Primera División | 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 2 |
| Caracas | 2019 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Caracas | Total | Total | 26 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 6 |
| Senica (loan) | 2017–18 | Fortuna Liga | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
| Academia Puerto Cabello (loan) | 2019 | Primera División | 29 | 7 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 30 | 7 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |

#### Notes

* 1 2 3 4 Appearances in the Copa Venezuela
* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Sudamericana
* ↑ Appearances in the Relegation play-offs

## Honours
### International
#### Venezuela U-20

* FIFA U-20 World Cup: Runner-up 2017
* South American Youth Football Championship: Third Place 2017
# Rovira, Chiriquí

Rovira is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 46.4 square kilometres (17.9 sq mi) and had a population of 1,925 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 41.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (107/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 1,380; its population as of 2000 was 1,703.
# Rosenort Airport

Rosenort Airport (TC LID: CKJ2) is located adjacent to Rosenort, Manitoba, Canada.
# Rosenort

Rosenort, may refer to:
* Rosenort, Manitoba, a community located about 17 kilometres from Morris, Manitoba
** Rosenort Airport, located adjacent to Rosenort
* Rosenort, Saskatchewan, a hamlet in Coulee Rural Municipality No. 136
# Hochzeit

Hochzeit (German for "wedding") may refer to:
* Hochzeit, village in Germany prior to 1945, now Stare Osieczno in Poland
* Hochzeit, German name of Wiślina, a village in Poland
* Die Hochzeit uncompleted opera by Wagner
* Hochzeit (Subway to Sally album)
# Christian Voice

Christian Voice may refer to:
* Christian Voice (UK), a UK Christian lobby group
* Christian Voice (United States), an American conservative Christian advocacy group
* Christian Voice, Karachi, a Pakistani newspaper
# Chris Williamson (alpine skier)

Chris Williamson (born May 5, 1972) is a Canadian alpine skier and Paralympic Champion. His father, Peter, was a speed skater for Canada in the 1968 Winter Olympics and subsequently coached stars such as Mike Ireland and Clara Hughes.
Williamson competed in the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, Canada. He became 4th in the Giant slalom, 6th in the Slalom, 4th in the Super combined, visually impaired, and 6th in the Super-G, visually impaired. His sighted guide at Vancouver 2010 and Sochi 2014 was Nick Brush.

## Awards and honours

In 2014, Williamson was inducted into the Canadian Disability Hall of Fame.
# Chris Williams (rugby league)

Chris Williams is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played for the Penrith Panthers and Western Suburbs in the NSWRL/ARL competition.

## Playing career

Williams made his first grade debut for Penrith in round 22 of the 1990 NSWRL season against Western Suburbs at Campbelltown Sports Ground. Williams played off the interchange bench in Penrith's 22–12 loss. In 1992, Williams made one appearance for Penrith in round 20 against the Illawarra Steelers. In 1993, Williams joined Western Suburbs and played three seasons with the club before being released at the end of 1995.
# Roseți

Roseți is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Roseți.
At the 2021 census, Roseți has a population of 6,017.

## Natives

* George Alboiu (1944 – 2023), poet
# Roy Foster

Roy Foster may refer to:
* Roy Foster (American football) (born 1960), American offensive lineman
* Roy Foster (baseball) (1945–2008), American outfielder
* R. F. Foster (historian) (born 1949), Irish academic
# Hog's pudding

Hog's pudding is a type of sausage produced in Cornwall and Devon. Popular variants of the recipe consist of pork meat and fat, suet, bread, as well as oatmeal or pearl barley formed into a large sausage—also known as 'groats pudding' and are very similar to a white pudding, whereas other versions of the recipe contain a high percentage of offal such as lung and liver and can more accurately be described as a sort of West Country haggis. It is much spicier than white pudding as it contains black pepper, cumin, basil and garlic. The sausage is usually around two inches in diameter.
# Roxy Film

Roxy Film is a German film production company established in 1951 by Luggi Waldleitner. During the 1950s, it was a leading producer with films such as melodramas which continued the traditions of the 1930s and 1940s. During the 1960s the company struggled, partly due to fierce competition from other producers such as Rialto Films which were better at using new genres such as Edgar Wallace thrillers and Karl May westerns. By the late 1960s the company had begun to specialise in making sex comedies, but in the 1970s moved to producing adaptations of classic literature and funding ambitious projects by members of the New German Cinema such as Rainer Werner Fassbinder.
# Roxy Hotel

Roxy Hotel may refer to the following hotels:
* Roxy Hotel (Cape Vincent), New York, U.S.
* Roxy Hotel, Katong Shopping Centre, Singapore
* Roxy Hotel, formerly based in the Roxy Theatre, Parramatta, Australia
# Holding period risk

Holding period risk is a financial risk that a firm's sales quote giving a potential retail client a certain time to sign the offer for a commodity, will actually be a financial disadvantage for the offering firm since the market price's on the wholesale market has changed. The risk is usually reduced by a risk premium being added onto the wholesale price of a commodity by the offering firm.
An alternative and less general definition is: Holding period risk is the risk, while holding a bond, that a better opportunity will present itself that you may be unable to act upon.
# Royal Albert Hall October 10 1997

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Royal Albert Hall October 10, 1997 is a live album by the English space rock group Spiritualized, recorded during an October show at the Royal Albert Hall in London as part of their 1997 tour of the United Kingdom. The album was released in late 1998.
This was the last album recorded with the original Spiritualized line-up before frontman Jason Pierce sacked every member apart from keyboardist Thighpaulsandra and saxophonist Ray Dickaty.
The six-piece band are joined by a horn section, string quartet and members of the London Community Gospel Choir on disc two, with 19 members in total. This expanded version of Spiritualized headlined Glastonbury in 1998, and was also filmed on Later... with Jools Holland. This orchestral line-up signalled the dense musical style to come on their next album Let It Come Down, released 3 years later. The cover photograph is taken from 8,000 feet (2.4 km) above the Royal Albert Hall by Farrow Design.
The majority of the setlist comes from Ladies And Gentlemen We Are Floating In Space, their third album, with some material from their previous albums, Lazer Guided Melodies and Pure Phase. "Walking With Jesus" was a Spacemen 3 song from The Perfect Prescription, but Pierce has performed it throughout his career. Here is its second official live release, the first being on the limited edition live release Fucked Up Inside in 1993.

## Track listing
### Disc one (45:59)

* "Intro" – 4:18
* "Shine a Light" – 7:11
* "Electric Mainline" – 7:01
* "Electricity" – 3:25
* "Home of the Brave" – 3:31
* "The Individual" – 2:57
* "Medication" – 6:37
* "Walking with Jesus" – 4:18
* "Take Your Time" – 6:44

### Disc two (49:16)

* "No God Only Religion" – 4:02
* "Broken Heart" – 5:47
* "Come Together" – 7:00
* "I Think I'm in Love" – 10:05
* "Cop Shoot Cop..." – 16:33
* "Oh Happy Day" – 5:52
All songs written by Jason Pierce, except:
* "Walking with Jesus" by Peter Kember and Jason Pierce
* "Oh Happy Day" by Philip Doddridge and Edward Francis Rimbault

## Personnel
### Spiritualized

* J Spaceman – Fender Thinline guitar, vocals
* Sean Cook – Fender Jazz bass guitar, harmonica
* Michael Mooney – Les Paul guitar, bass guitar
* Damon Reece – Gretsch Round Badge drums
* Thighpaulsandra – piano, Hammond C3
* Raymond (Moonshake) Dickaty – tenor saxophone, flute

### Additional

* Choir director: John Fisher
* Soprano singers: Michelle Parkinson, Maulin Fisher, Denise Seally, Naterlie Goode
* Alto singers: Janice Whyne, Rhoda Fisher, Samantha McCrae
* Tenor singers: Jason Thompson, Leon Brown, Paul Bernard, Tony Clarke
* Horns: Tony Robinson, Rob Charles, Don Owen, Kevin Brown
* Strings: Jules Singleton, Sally Herbert, Jocelyn Pook, Dinah Beamish
# Hittarp

Hittarp is a locality situated in Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 4,075 inhabitants in 2010. Just outside Hittarp is Kulla Gunnarstorp Castle, and the Kulla Gunnartorp mill.
# Hittbergen

Hittbergen is a municipality in the district of Lüneburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
# Roxand Township, Michigan

Roxand Township is a civil township of Eaton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,848 at the 2010 census, and went down to 1,748 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* The Village of Mulliken is within the township.
* Hoytville
* Needmore is a tiny unincorporated community at the southeast corner of the township, along the boundary with Chester Township at 42°41′00″N 84°51′22″W﻿ / ﻿42.68333°N 84.85611°W﻿ / 42.68333; -84.85611 near the intersection of Needmore Hwy and Wheaton Rd.

## Geography

According to the US Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.5 square miles (95 km$^2$), of which 36.5 square miles (95 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (0.08%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 1,903 people, 658 households, and 529 families in the township. The population density was 52.2 inhabitants per square mile (20.2/km$^2$). There were 690 housing units at an average density of 18.9 per square mile (7.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.90% White, 0.37% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.74% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89% of the population.
There were 658 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.4% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.6% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.17.
The township population contained 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $51,216, and the median income for a family was $56,513. Males had a median income of $41,600 versus $27,727 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,491. About 2.5% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Chrysanthoglossum

Chrysanthoglossum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae.
Its native range is Northern Africa.
Species:
* Chrysanthoglossum deserticola (Murb.) B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer & Humphries
* Chrysanthoglossum trifurcatum (Desf.) B.H.Wilcox, K.Bremer & Humphries
# Roslan

Roslan may refer to:
* Roslan Ahmad, Malaysian politician, Malacca State Executive Councillor
* Wan Roslan Wan Hamat, Malaysian politician, Kelantan State Executive Councillor
* Emmett Roslan Ishak, lead vocalist in Butterfingers, a Malaysian rock band
* Abdul Afiq Roslan (born 1996), Bruneian footballer
* Faizal Roslan, Singaporean professional footballer
* Farhan Roslan (born 1996), Malaysian footballer
* Fauzi Roslan (born 1988), aka Kojie, Malaysian footballer
* Izray Iffarul Roslan (born 1992), Malaysian footballer
* Izzuddin Roslan (born 1999), Malaysian professional footballer
* Jamaluddin Roslan (born 1978), Malaysian field hockey player
* Razman Roslan (born 1984), Malaysian professional footballer
* Syazwan Roslan (born 1988), Malaysian footballer
* Takhiyuddin Roslan (born 1993), Malaysian footballer
* Roslan Sulaiman, Malaysian academic administrator
# Chrysallida simulans

Chrysallida simulans is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species is one of a number within the genus Chrysallida.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone
# Chrysallida stefanisi

Chrysallida stefanisi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species is one of a number within the gastropod genus Chrysallida.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* Azores Exclusive Economic Zone
* European waters (ERMS scope)
# Christmas Comes But Once a Year (disambiguation)

Christmas Comes But Once a Year may refer to:
* Christmas Comes But Once a Year, a 1936 animated film by Fleischer Studios
* "Christmas Comes but Once a Year" (song) by Stan Freberg in 1958 radio play Green Chri$tma$
* "Christmas Comes But Once a Year" (Mad Men), 2010 television episode
* A precept among the "Five Hundredth Pointes of Good Husbandrie", a 1573 book by Thomas Tusser
# Chronology Volume 1

Chronology, Volume 1 (1996–2000) is the first of two greatest hits albums released by the Christian rock band Third Day in March 2007 as a two-disc CD/DVD. Songs featured on this album were taken from their debut album Third Day (1996) through their platinum-selling Offerings: A Worship Album (2000).

## Track listing

* "Nothing At All" (new mix)
* "Forever" (new mix)
* "Consuming Fire" (new mix)
* "Thief 2006" (new recording)
* "Love Song" (new mix)
* "Who I Am" (new mix)
* "My Hope Is You 2006" (new recording)
* "I've Always Loved You" ("steel" mix)
* "Sky Falls Down"
* "Your Love Oh Lord"
* "King of Glory"
* "Agnus Dei / Worthy" (live)
Bonus tracks
* "Blackbird" (live in St. Louis, Missouri 1998)
* "Alien" (live in Columbus, Ohio 1999)
* "Have Mercy" (new mix)
* "Long Time Comin'" (from Southern Tracks EP)
* "She Sings In Riddles" (from Southern Tracks EP)

## DVD content
### Music Videos

* "Consuming Fire"
* "You Make Me Mad"
* "Your Love Oh Lord"
* "Cry Out to Jesus" (two versions)

### Dove Award performances

* "Forever" (1997)
* "What Good" (2000)
* "God of Wonders" (2001)
* "Come Together" (2002)
* "Wire" (2004)
* "Cry Out to Jesus" (2006)

### Bootleg/Archive videos

* "Mac and Mark" (1992)
* "David's First Show" (1992)
* "Tai's First Show" (1992)
* "Cornerstone Festival" (1995)
* "Cornerstone Festival" (1996)
* "Café Milano" (1996)
* "Boca Raton, Florida" (1996)
* "Portland, Oregon" (1997)
* "Chronology Volume 2 Preview"

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| US Christian Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Billboard 200 | 61 |
# Chronological synchronism

Chronological synchronism is an event that links two chronologies. For example, it is used in Egyptology to ground Egyptian chronology to other Calendar eras. The main types of chronological synchronism are synchronisms with other historical chronologies and synchronisms with precisely datable astronomical events.
Synchronisms with other chronologies often rely on some form of recorded communication between regions. For example, in Egyptology, the earliest such synchronisms appear in the 15th century BC, during the Amarna Period by the considerable quantity of diplomatic correspondence between Amenhotep III and Akhenaten and various ancient Near Eastern monarchs; that links Egyptian chronology with other Near Eastern chronologies.
Astronomical synchronisms rely on precise identification of astronomical events recorded in the historical record. The best known of these is the Sothic cycle whose careful study led Richard Anthony Parker to argue that the dates of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt could be fixed with absolute precision. More recent research has eroded that confidence and questioned many of the assumptions used with the Sothic Cycle. As a result, experts have moved away from relying on it.
# Rough Cuts (TV series)

Rough Cuts was a Canadian television series, which aired on CBC Newsworld. Launched in 1994, the series presents documentary films by new and independent journalists and producers. One of its hosts was Michaëlle Jean, who subsequently served as Governor General of Canada from 2005 to 2010.
The show was called "a bright spot for Canadian independent documentaries not only on the CBC, but on Canadian television in general."
The series has also aired on the main CBC Television network. It has since been replaced on CBC Television by Doc Zone, and on CBC Newsworld by a "showcase" edition of The Passionate Eye.
# GP series

GP Series may refer to:
* Geometric progression, a mathematical series
* G.P., an Australian medical TV series
* Texas Mini GP Series, an organization hosting motorcycle road races