OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# QF 4-inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII

The QF 4-inch gun Mk IV was the main gun on most Royal Navy and British Empire destroyers in World War I. It was introduced in 1911 as a faster-loading light gun successor to the BL 4 inch Mk VIII gun. Of the 1,141 produced, 939 were still available in 1939. Mk XII and Mk XXII variants armed many British interwar and World War II submarines.

## Mk IV gun

Mk IV armed many British destroyers and some cruisers in World War I. It was used to arm merchant ships in World War II.
The guns armed the following warships :
* Forward-class scout cruisers as re-gunned in 1911
* Sentinel-class scout cruisers as re-gunned 1911-1912
* Pathfinder-class scout cruisers as re-gunned 1911-1912
* Adventure-class scout cruisers as re-gunned 1911-1912
* Acasta (K)-class destroyers of 1911
* Laforey (L)-class destroyers of 1913
* Yarrow M-class destroyers laid down 1912 - 1915
* Admiralty M-class destroyer of 1913
* Thornycroft M-class destroyers laid down 1913 - 1915
* Hawthorn M-class destroyer of 1914
* Talisman-class destroyers of 1914
* Medea-class destroyers of 1914
* Faulknor-class leaders of 1914
* Marksman-class destroyers of 1914
* Parker class leaders of 1915
* Yarrow Later M-class destroyers of 1915
* R-class destroyers of 1916
* S-class destroyers of 1917
* Fundy-class minesweepers of 1938 (guns from decommissioned Canadian S-class destroyers)
* Rusted QF 4 inch mk IV gun without a gun shield on East Falkland
* Back of rusted QF 4 inch mk IV gun without a gun shield
* Front of QF 4 inch mk IV gun in Imperial War Museum
* Back of QF 4 inch Mk IV gun at Imperial War Museum
* British sailors loading a QF 4 inch Mk IV gun in 1942
* Diagram of a QF 4 inch Mk IV gun cartridge.

## Mk XII and XXII submarine gun

The Mk XII variant was developed for arming submarines from 1918, Mk XXII was developed to arm submarines during World War II. These submarine guns fired a heavier 35 pounds (16 kg) projectile from late 1944. Shortly after the end of hostilities, the Mk XXII was superseded in new British submarines by the lighter QF 4 inch Mk XXIII.

### Mk XII and XXII equipped submarines

* L class
* Odin ("O") class
* Parthian ("P") class
* River (or Thames) class
* Grampus (or Porpoise) class
* Triton ("T") class
* S class
* Some of the Amphion ("A" or Acheron) class

## Surviving guns

* The Mk IV gun from HMS Lance which fired the first British shot of World War I on 5 August 1914 is on display at the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth (on loan from the Imperial War Museum).
* A Mk IV gun on a 1945 Mk XVI mounting is on display at the Heugh Gun Battery Museum in Hartlepool, County Durham.
* A Mk IV gun on a pedestal mounting is still in situ at Ordnance Point in the Falkland Islands, where it is believed to have been installed in 1943.
* A First World War 4-inch naval gun, tentatively identified as a Mk IV, stands outside the Army, Navy and Air Force Veterans Hall in 4th Street, Sidney, British Columbia.
# Cactus V

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Cactus V is the fifth album by American rock supergroup Cactus released in 2006.
Cactus re-emerged in May 2006 in New York City. A radio broadcast on The Radiochick Show, and their first show since 1972 at B.B. King's Blues Club in Times Square on June 3. The 2006 version of Cactus saw original members Appice, Bogert and McCarty reunited and joined by former Savoy Brown frontman Jimmy Kunes on vocals, filling in for the late original Cactus singer Rusty Day. This show was a warm up for the gig which sparked the reunion, an appearance at the Sweden Rock Festival in Norje, Sweden on June 9. Randy Pratt of The Lizards joined the band in New York and Sweden on harmonica. The band went into the studio and recorded Cactus V. It was their first album together in 34 years.

## Track listing

All songs composed by Carmine Appice, Tim Bogert, Jimmy Kunes and Jim McCarty; except where indicated
* "Doing Time" – 4:49
* "Muscle and Soul" – 5:39
* "Cactus Music" – 4:34
* "The Groover" – 4:47
* "High in the City" – 4:11
* "Day for Night" – 5:49
* "Living for Today" (Appice, McCarty, Kunes, Bogert, Peter French) – 2:58
* "Shine" – 3:57
* "Electric Blue" – 5:40
* "Your Brother's Keeper" – 4:33
* "Blues for Mr. Day" – 1:21
* "Part of the Game" – 5:02
* "Gone Train Gone" – 4:50
* "Jazzed" – 4:42

## Personnel
### Cactus

* Tim Bogert – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Carmine Appice – drums, backing vocals
* Jim McCarty – guitar
* Jimmy Kunes – lead vocals
* Randy Pratt – harmonica
# Cactus alkaloids

Cactus alkaloids are alkaloids that occur in cactus. Structurally, they are tetrahydroisoquinolines and phenylethylamines.

## Occurrence and Representatives

Cactus alkaloids are found in the cactus family, particularly in the genus Lophophora, which alone contains over 40 known compounds. The alkaloids can be categorized into two groups, derived from phenethylamine and tetrahydroisoquinoline, respectively. The primary alkaloid in Lophophora williamsii (in terms of quantity) is mescaline, followed by pellotine. In the species Lophophora diffusa and Lophophora fricii, the primary alkaloid is pellotine, followed by anhalonidine in L. fricii and anhalamine in L. diffusa. In species outside the genus Lophophora, the content and variety of cactus alkaloids are significantly lower, but some contain compounds such as hordenine, N-methyltyramine, mescaline, or pellotine. A number of psychoactive cacti are found in the genus Echinopsis, such as the San Pedro cactus.
* Lophophora williamsii
* Mescaline
* Lophophora diffusa
* Pellotine
* Echinopsis pachanoi

## Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of cactus alkaloids starts from the amino acid tyrosine and proceeds initially via tyramine and dopamine. By introducing a third hydroxy group and methylation of all three hydroxy groups, mescaline is formed. A tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold can also be constructed from the intermediates of mescaline biosynthesis by a ring closure, resulting in anhalamine and anhalonidine. Anhalonidine is the biosynthetic precursor of anhalonine, in which a benzodioxole unit is formed from a hydroxyl and a methoxy group. Further branching of the biosynthetic pathways occurs through the methylation of the amino group from dopamine. This pathway leads to pellotine and subsequently to lophophorin.

## Synthesis

Various synthetic methods for cactus alkaloids are known. In the case of tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds, the ring system is usually built up by a Bischler-Napieralski reaction. Anhalamine, anhalidine, anhalonidine, and pellotine can be synthesized starting from mescaline, among others.

## Pharmacological Effect

Mescaline is a psychedelic and is responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of Lophophora williamsii (peyote). The other alkaloids predominantly exhibit much less pronounced pharmacological effects and may have anticonvulsant properties. Pellotine was briefly used as a sedative in the early 20th century.
# Caelostomus cribratus

Caelostomus cribratus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by René Jeannel in 1948.
This species is found in Madagascar.
# Guatemala Billie Jean King Cup team

The Guatemala Fed Cup team represents Guatemala in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federación Nactional de Tenis de Guatemala.
They currently compete in the Americas Zone Group II.

## History

Guatemala competed in its first Fed Cup in 1992. Their best result was finishing fifth in Group II in 2007.
# Group contraction

In theoretical physics, Eugene Wigner and Erdal İnönü have discussed the possibility to obtain from a given Lie group a different (non-isomorphic) Lie group by a group contraction with respect to a continuous subgroup of it. That amounts to a limiting operation on a parameter of the Lie algebra, altering the structure constants of this Lie algebra in a nontrivial singular manner, under suitable circumstances.
For example, the Lie algebra of the 3D rotation group SO(3), [X$_1$, X$_2$] = X$_3$, etc., may be rewritten by a change of variables Y$_1$ = εX$_1$, Y$_2$ = εX$_2$, Y$_3$ = X$_3$, as
    [Y$_1$, Y$_2$] = ε$^2$ Y$_3$,  [Y$_2$, Y$_3$] = Y$_1$,  [Y$_3$, Y$_1$] = Y$_2$.
The contraction limit ε → 0 trivializes the first commutator and thus yields the non-isomorphic algebra of the plane Euclidean group, E$_2$ ~ ISO(2). (This is isomorphic to the cylindrical group, describing motions of a point on the surface of a cylinder. It is the little group, or stabilizer subgroup, of null four-vectors in Minkowski space.) Specifically, the translation generators Y$_1$, Y$_2$, now generate the Abelian normal subgroup of E$_2$ (cf. Group extension), the parabolic Lorentz transformations.
Similar limits, of considerable application in physics (cf. correspondence principles), contract
* the de Sitter group SO(4, 1) ~ Sp(2, 2) to the Poincaré group ISO(3, 1), as the de Sitter radius diverges: R → ∞; or
* the super-anti-de Sitter algebra to the super-Poincaré algebra as the AdS radius diverges R → ∞; or
* the Poincaré group to the Galilei group, as the speed of light diverges: c → ∞; or
* the Moyal bracket Lie algebra (equivalent to quantum commutators) to the Poisson bracket Lie algebra, in the classical limit as the Planck constant vanishes: ħ → 0.
# Quatro (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B− |
| Džuboks | (mixed) |
Quatro is Suzi Quatro's second album, released in October 1974 by Rak Records as SRAK 509, with the exceptions of the United States and Canada (where the album was released by Bell Records), Japan (EMI Records) and several territories in Europe (Columbia Records).
The album achieved success in several territories, topping the Australian chart and remaining on that chart for six weeks. It also entered the US charts, reaching the top 150. "Devil Gate Drive" became a major hit, reaching the No. 1 spot in the UK and Australian charts, becoming her second number one in both countries. The singles "The Wild One" and "Too Big" also achieved commercial success, with the former reaching the top 10 in both the UK and in Australia, and the latter reaching the top 20 in those same territories.
"The Wild One" was featured in Floria Sigismondi's 2010 film The Runaways, a coming-of-age film/biopic about Cherie Currie (portrayed by Dakota Fanning) and the 1970s all-girl rock band the Runaways. (The film was inspired by, and loosely based on, Currie's 1989 memoir Neon Angel). Suzi Quatro was a major influence both musically and personally for the Runaways and especially for Joan Jett, so the film makes several references to her.

## Singles

The album contained three songs that were major hits on the UK Singles Chart. "Devil Gate Drive" reached No. 1 in February 1974; "Too Big" rose to No. 14 in June; and "The Wild One" reached No. 7 in November.
# QSA

QSA may refer to:
* Qt Script for Applications, a scripting engine
* Quaker Social Action
* Qualified Security Assessor, a certification by the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Security Standards Council
* Quantification Settlement Agreement, a water distribution plan
* Queens of the Stone Age, a band
* Queen's Scout Award
* Queen's South Africa Medal for service in the Boer War
* Queensland State Archives
* Queer-straight alliance
# QS

QS may refer to:

## Business

* QS mark (for "quality and safety"), on Chinese products
* Quacquarelli Symonds, an education and careers networking company
** QS World University Rankings, an annual publication
* Quality System (QS) Regulation, a business process
* Quantity surveyor, a professional in the construction industry concerned with costs and contracts
* Travel Service (IATA airline designator QS)
* Quadraphonic sound, the Sansui QS Regular Matrix system

## Politics

* Québec solidaire, a political party in Quebec, Canada
* Quis separabit?, an Irish Loyalist motto

## Science, technology, and mathematics
### Biology and medicine

* ATCvet code QS Sensory organs, a section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System for veterinary medicinal products
* Quantum satis, a Latin term meaning "the amount which is needed", used in food and drug regulation
* Quinolinate synthase, an enzyme
* Quorum sensing, a system of interaction in natural and synthetic populations

### Computing and mathematics

* Quadratic sieve, an integer factorization algorithm
* Quality Score, a variable used by search engines to set the rank and cost of ads
* Quicksort, a sorting algorithm

### Other uses in science and technology

* Quadraphonic sound, or "Quadphonic Synthesizer", a matrix quadraphonic gramophone record format developed by Sansui
* Quantified self, a movement to incorporate technology into data acquisition on aspects of a person's daily life
* Quicksand, a colloid hydrogel consisting of fine granular material and water

## Sport

* Quality start, a baseball statistic calculated for starting pitchers
* Qualcomm Stadium, a stadium in San Diego, California

## Other uses

* Queen's Scout, a scout who has attained the Queen's Scout Award
* Queen's Serjeant, an obsolete legal position in the United Kingdom
# Quasi-property

Quasi-property is a legal concept, in which some rights similar to ownership may accrue to a party who does an act which benefits society as a whole. Black's Law Dictionary defines "quasi" as being "almost" or "resembling" - but not actually the same as the suffix item.

## Examples

A notable and early occurrence of quasi-property being found by a court under American law was the case of International News Service v. Associated Press. The Associated Press sued International News Service for taking the substance of AP news stories, rewriting the articles, and publishing the stories in its own member newspapers. This activity did not violate copyright law because the original AP articles were not copyrighted, and also because the subsequent INS articles copied only the facts— using different language to report the story.
Nonetheless, the Court recognized an interest in the news distributor of information they had researched and gathered. A traditional property right would have granted the AP a right to exclude others from the content of their news stories good for all time and against everyone. The court described this new right as quasi-property because it only granted them the power to exclude their competitors for a limited amount of time from the substance of their articles. The general public had free rein to distribute the subject matter of the news without restriction. Creation of the new right was justified as protecting the AP from the "unfair competition" of a party who was reproducing the information and attempting to profit by distributing it faster than the creator.
# Caister Academic Press

Caister Academic Press is an independent academic publishing company that produces books and ebooks on microbiology and molecular biology. The address for the editorial offices is in Poole, UK with worldwide sales and distribution through the Ingram Content Group. Published books include review volumes, practical manuals and reference texts aimed at the post-graduate, research and professional market.

## Aims and scope

Caister Academic Press aims to provide the scientific community with authoritative texts on topical areas of microbiology and molecular biology. There is a focus on current research and emerging trends. Volumes on related technology and applications are also published.

## History

The academic publishing company was founded in 1993 as Horizon Scientific Press. Incorporated as a limited company in 2001, the company changed its name to Caister Academic Press in 2008.
# Caisteal Grugaig

Caisteal Grugaig (or Dun Totaig) is an Iron Age broch near the eastern end of Loch Alsh in the Scottish Highlands (grid reference NG86682508).

## Location

The broch is located in the district of Lochalsh, and is about 9 kilometres northwest of Shiel Bridge. It stands on a small rocky knoll on a grassy slope.
The "Glenelg Brochs" of Dun Telve and Dun Troddan are a few miles to the south. Caisteal Grugaig should not be confused with the "semi-broch" known as Dun Grugaig which is also near Glenelg.

## Description

The broch has an external diameter of around 16.5 metres and an internal diameter of around 9.6 metres. The broch was built on uneven ground, so the natural floor of the broch has a slope. The entrance passage is on the northeast side and has a massive triangular lintel over the doorway. There is an elongated guard cell on the left side of the entrance passage.
The interior of the broch has two intramural rooms at ground level, one of which is a small, oval cell. The other is a long mural cell, or length of ground gallery, which has a blocked doorway. The sides of an upper room are apparent above the entrance passage. Also inside the broch is a doorway to the mural stair. The five steps of the stair lead up to a long landing which leads to the beginning of a second flight of stairs.

## Excavations

The broch was cleared out in 1889 and no detailed record of the excavation seems to have survived. Another attempt at excavation was conducted in 1924 with minimal results. In the National Museum of Scotland is a decorated steatite cup apparently from this site.
# Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden

The Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden is located in Hanover Square in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. It commemorates the Commonwealth of Nations member states' victims of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. It was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on July 6, 2010, in a ceremony alongside her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, then-Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg, then-Governor of New York David Paterson, and then-Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie.

## History

Originally planned as The British Memorial Garden, it was officially named The British Garden at Hanover Square by Prince Harry on May 29, 2009. On May 2, 2012, it was renamed the Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden at a rededication ceremony led by the Dean of Westminster Abbey. This was to include victims of other Commonwealth of Nations member countries who died in the September 11 attacks.

## Design

The original idea for the garden came from Isabel and Julian Bannerman. Lynden Miller and Ronda M. Brands, both garden designers, later helped choose and plan the layout of plants and shrubs for the space.
# Gulcher Records

Gulcher Records is an independent record label founded in Bloomington, Indiana by Bob Richert in the mid-1970s, as one of the earliest small independent labels and fanzines in the area. They have released music for acts such as John Cougar Mellencamp, The Gizmos, Kurt Vile, Dancing Cigarettes, Magik Markers, Dow Jones and the Industrials, MX-80, Hypocrite in a Hippy Crypt, Home Blitz, and Handglops. The label's releases have been reviewed in media publications such as Rolling Stone, Spin, and Pitchfork Media.
The label is currently in Orlando, Florida.
# Que Vuelvas

Que Vuelvas may refer to:
* "Que Vuelvas" (Anthony Santos song)
* "Que Vuelvas" (Carín León and Grupo Frontera song)
* "Que Vuelvas", a song by Shakira from her album Dónde Están los Ladrones?
# Gunica

Gunica is a small river in Poland, a left tributary of the Oder near Police.

## Geography

The river flows through the areas of the Wkrzańska Plain, also known as the Plain Plain. It flows from sources near the village of Łęgi in the commune of Dobra (Szczecińska). Flowing in the east, it continues through the surroundings of the village of Stolec, the Świdwie lake and the Świdwie reserve area, and the village of Węgornik in the Police commune. From the north the rivers passes through the villages of Tanowo Witorza, pass and Tatinie. Just behind Tatynia on the river, the boundary separating the city of Police from the village of Wieńkowo located on the River Gunica is established. Ok. 3 km after passing through the northern district of Police - Jasienica, it flows into the Oder bub, just at its confluence with Roztoka Odrzańska. In the area of the estuary to the waters of Gunica, they connect with the waters of the Jasienica stream.
There are fish such as perch, roach, zander, burbot, bream, tench, pike, etc. [necessary footnote] The area of the Lower Oder Valley near the mouth of the Gunica River falls within the borders of the Ujście Odry area and the Szczecin Lagoon of the Natura 2000 network. Puszcza Wkrzańska canoe trail (length approx. 20 km): Węgornik - Tanowo - Witorza - Tatynia - Wieńkowo - Police (Jasienica). There are several architectural monuments located on the banks of the river. This includes a church in Tatynia, St. Apostles Peter and Paul in Police-Jasienica, and the ruins of the Augustinian monastery in Police-Jasienica.
# Calamaria ulmeri

Calamaria ulmeri, commonly known as Ulmer's reed snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Sumatra.

## Etymology

The specific name, ulmeri, is in honor of American mammalogist Frederick A. Ulmer, Jr. (1892–1974).

## Geographic range

C. ulmeri is found in northern Sumatra, and is only known from two specimens.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of C. ulmeri is forest, at an altitude of 2,070 m (6,790 ft).

## Description

The holotype of C. ulmeri has a snout-to-vent length of 28.4 cm (11.2 in), and an incomplete tail. It is brownish dorsally, and it is yellow ventrally.

## Reproduction

C. ulmeri is oviparous.
# Calamba

Calamba may refer to:
* Calamba, Laguna, a city in the Philippines
** Calamba Poblacion, a barangay district in Calamba, Laguna
** Calamba Island, an island in the city of Calamba situated at the Laguna de Bay
** Calamba railway station in Calamba, Laguna
** Calamba Claypot, a giant water pot in Calamba
** Calamba Doctors' Hospital, a hospital in Calamba, Laguna
** Calamba Premiere International Park, an industrial park in Calamba
** Calamba Bayside National High School, a National High School in Calamba Bayside
* Calamba, Misamis Occidental, a municipality in the Philippines
# Cactus Jack

Cactus Jack may refer to:

## People with the nickname

* Mick Foley (born 1965), American actor, writer, professional wrestler, and color commentator
* John Nance Garner (1868–1967), American politician
* Jack Wells (sportscaster) (1911–1999), Canadian broadcaster
* Jack Neumeier (1919–2004), American high school football coach
* Travis Scott (born 1991), American rapper

## Other uses

* Cactus Jack (band), a Serbian hard rock band
* Cactus Jack Records, an American record label
* The Villain (1979 film), a 1979 film released as Cactus Jack in the UK and Australia
# Gunman (187 Lockdown song)

"Gunman" is the debut single by English speed garage duo 187 Lockdown. The song was released twice, first in November 1997 where it reached No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 1 on the UK Dance Chart, then again the following year, peaking one place lower at No. 17.
The song contains samples of Ennio Morricone's "Carillon (Watch chimes)" (from the film For a Few Dollars More), and a vocal sample from Dr Alimantado's "Gimmie Mi Gun".

## Impact and legacy

In 1999, Tom Ewing of Freaky Trigger ranked the song at number 84 in his list of the "Top 100 Singles of the 90s", saying "'Gunman' is crude, undeniable stuff, formulaic as hell but a formula that felt – feels – fresh, exciting and accessible."
The Guardian listed "Gunman" at number 8 in their list of "The best UK garage tracks - ranked!" in 2019.
Mixmag included the song in their list of "The 15 Best Speed Garage Records Released in '97 and '98".
Redbull.com included the song in their list of "10 underground UK garage classics that still sound fresh today".

## Track listing
### UK CD single

* "Gunman" (Pointed Radio Edit) (3:07)
* "Gunman" (Nu-Birth's Gun Groove Dub) (6:30)
* "Gunman" (Original Mix) (6:19)
* "Gunman" (Natural Born Chillers Remix) (7:12)
* "Gunman" (Blunt Edit) (3:31)

## Charts

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 51 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 16 |
| UK Dance (Official Charts Company) | 1 |
| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 41 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 17 |