OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Ure (diplomat)

Sir John Burns Ure KCMG LVO FRGS (5 July 1931 – 19 September 2023) was a British diplomat who was ambassador to Cuba, Brazil and Sweden, and an author.

## Life and career

John Burns Ure was born on 5 July 1931, and was educated at Uppingham School. After active service as a 2nd Lieutenant with the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) in Malaya, 1950–51, he read history at Magdalene College, Cambridge before joining the Foreign Service in 1956. Besides various posts at the Foreign Office he was 3rd Secretary (and private secretary to the Ambassador), Moscow, 1957–59; 2nd Secretary, Léopoldville, 1962–63; First Secretary (Commercial), Santiago, 1967–70; Counsellor, and intermittently Chargé d'Affaires, Lisbon, 1972–77; Ambassador to Cuba 1979–81; Ambassador to Brazil 1984–87 and Ambassador to Sweden 1987–91. During his career he attended the six-week Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School.
After retiring from the Diplomatic Service, Sir John was a non-executive director of companies including Thomas Cook and Sotheby's Scandinavia, and served on the council of the Royal Geographical Society of which he was a Life Fellow.
John Ure was made LVO in 1968, CMG in 1980 and knighted KCMG in 1987. In 1973 he was made a Commander in the Portuguese Military Order of Christ.
In Who's Who, John Ure gives his recreation as "Travelling uncomfortably in remote places and writing about it comfortably afterwards."
Sir John Ure died on 19 September 2023, at the age of 92.
# John Upton

John Upton may refer to:

## Politicians

* John Upton (died c.1453), MP for Warwick
* John Upton, 1st Viscount Templetown (1771–1846), British Member of Parliament for Bury St Edmunds
* John Upton (died 1687) (1639–1687), British Member of Parliament for Dartmouth
* John Upton (born 1718), Member of Parliament for Westmorland
* John Upton (mayor), Mayor of Auckland City 1889–1891
* John Upton (Irish politician), Member of the Parliament of Ireland for County Antrim 1725–1741
* John Upton (died 1641) (1590–1641), British Member of Parliament for Dartmouth
* John Upton, MP for Haverfordwest 1656–1660

## Others

* Sir John Upton (died 1551), one of the last leaders of the English Langue of the Knights of St. John
* John Upton (civil engineer) (1774–1851), English civil engineer and contractor working in England and Russia
* John Upton (Spenser editor) (1707–1760), early editor of Edmund Spenser
* John Upton, president of the Baptist World Alliance
* John A. Upton (born 1850), painter active in South Australia
* John Charles Upton Jr. (?–2013), American documentary film maker
# John Ure

John Ure may refer to:
* Sir John Ure (diplomat) (1931–2023), British ambassador and author
* Ian Ure (John Francombe Ure, born 1939), Scottish former footballer
* Sir John Ure (Lord Provost) (1824–1901), Lord Provost of Glasgow, 1880–1883
# Drewton Tunnel

Drewton Tunnel is a disused railway tunnel on the now closed Hull to Barnsley railway line - grid reference SE 952 335, western portal and SE 971 337, eastern portal. The tunnel is cut through chalk and the lining is a mix of bare chalk walls and brick. The first rail traffic used the tunnel in 1885. Drewton Tunnel is one of the longest disused tunnels in the United Kingdom at a length of 1 mile 354 yards (1.933 km), and lies to the east of the shorter Sugar Loaf Tunnel and Weedley Tunnel.
The western portal of Drewton Tunnel is almost entirely buried with landfill and is situated in a chalk quarry operated by Stoneledge. This end of the tunnel has considerable deposits of mud on the former trackbed washed in by rainfall as a result of local quarrying operations. The eastern portal remains open although is protected with a security fence. The tunnel regularly experiences chalkfalls as the lining inside deteriorates in the damp conditions.
The tunnel has five airshafts, the middle airshaft situated adjacent to Riplingham crossroads being the deepest. The area around this airshaft was used a temporary camp for navvies building the tunnel.
Drewton Tunnel was closed to rail traffic in 1958. Since closure landfill has threatened the eastern approaches to the tunnel. The 83 foot deep Little Weighton Cutting has been completely filled in, as have other areas of open space around the eastern portal. Despite its continual decay Drewton Tunnel is now home to a large number of bats.
# Drohnenstaffel 7

The Drohnesstaffel 7 is a Militia squadron, stationed on the Militärflugplatz Emmen and is under the drone command 84 (Dro Kdo 84). Drohnesstaffel 7 has as Coat of arms a round badge that shows the head of an owl against a dark blue background and the yellow inscription "Dro Staffel 7". It is the only UAV squadron of the Swiss Air Force. The owl symbolizes the good sight of the UAV sensors by day and night.

## History

In 1995, the ADS 95 reconnaissance system was procured, and the "Dronesstaffel 7" was founded. In the beginning, they used ADS 95. Today 15 units are still in use. The drone with the number D-119 crashed on 13 September 2011.
The Drohnesstaffel 7 consists of the following functions: The commander, his deputy, the payload operator, the pilot, the airborne Surveillance officer, the drone commandant for the Artillery (Dro SKdt), the dispatch officer and the intelligence officer. The tasks of the Dronesstaffel 7 are the real-time data acquisition by day and by night, the optical verification of information from other sources and the support of the artillery for the fire control.
The Drohnenstaffel 7 is also used in Switzerland for civilian tasks. Thus, for example, The Swiss Air Force carried out explorations in favor of the National Emergency Operations Centre in the large flood in Central Switzerland in 2005 and has been supporting the Swiss Border Guard since the middle of 2006 in monitoring the Swiss border. In the city of Zurich, the use of drones was approved during the UEFA Euro 2008 for monitoring the traffic and security situation or such events like the Street Parade.
As a result of the small silhouette and low visibility for other pilots, the ADS-95 is accompanied by an aircraft (usually a Pilatus PC-6) in peacetime during the day if the ADS-95 is in civilian VFR airspace. These escorts are called "OMBRA" flights; "Ombra" is also the callsign of the accompanying aircraft. The 15 Ruag Ranger are still in use are replaced by six Elbit Hermes 900 according to the 'Armament Program 2015'. The Elbit Hermes 900 will be used in the Swiss Air Force under the designation ADS 15. It is not known whether the Drohnenstaffel 7 remain, with putting the ADS 95 out of service and the introduction of six ADS 15, a Milizstaffel or changes to the Berufsfliegerkorps.

## Aircraft

* ADS 95 (current)
* ADS 15 (in the future)
# Drosophila C virus

Drosophila C virus (DCV) belongs to the genus Cripavirus and was previously thought to be a member of the virus family Picornaviridae; it has since been classified as belonging to the Dicistroviridae. It is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus of approximately 9300 nucleotides and it contains two open reading frames. The virus particles are 30 nm in diameter and are made up of approximately 30% of RNA and 70% protein. The virus capsid is composed of three major polypeptides and two minor polypeptides.
Drosophila C virus was first discovered in the early 1970s in a French strain of Drosophila melanogaster, but can also infect other Drosophila species in laboratory settings. The virus is transmitted by feeding and affects survival. However, experimental evidence has shown that when injected into adult flies the virus is pathogenic as it causes the adult flies to die within 3–4 days. Antiviral RNAi has been shown to be an important host defence against DCV, and DCV encodes a viral suppressor of RNAi that sequesters double-stranded RNA to prevent antiviral RNAi targeting the virus. Drosophila that are infected with Drosophila C virus develop more quickly, the females have a greater number of ovarioles than uninfected flies. Whilst based on this evidence it has been suggested DCV is a beneficial virus, this ignores the fact that the virus kills flies in only a few days (so total fitness in infected flies is still reduced), and any changes in development time or ovariole number likely represent a host life history shift (parasite-induced fecundity compensation). Further support for host fecundity compensation following DCV infection comes from work showing that this response varies with fly genetic background, with some fly lines showing increased fecundity following infection, while others show a fecundity reduction. Infection with Drosophila C virus can also increase the mortality rate within a Drosophila population.
# Drosomycin

Drosomycin is an antifungal peptide from Drosophila melanogaster and was the first antifungal peptide isolated from insects. Drosomycin is induced by infection by the Toll signalling pathway, while expression in surface epithelia like the respiratory tract is instead controlled by the immune deficiency pathway (Imd). This means that drosomycin, alongside other antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as cecropins, diptericin, drosocin, metchnikowin and attacin, serves as a first line defence upon septic injury. However drosomycin is also expressed constitutively to a lesser extent in different tissues and throughout development.

## Structure

Drosomycin is a 44-residue defensin-like peptide containing four disulfide bridges. These bridges stabilize a structure involving one α-helix and three β-sheets. Owing to these four disulfide bridges, drosomycin is resistant to degradation and the action of proteases. The cysteine stabilized αβ motif of drosomycin is also found in Drosophila defensin, and some plant defensins. Drosomycin has greater sequence similarity with these plant defensins (up to 40%), than with other insect defensins. The structure was discovered in 1997 by Landon and his colleagues The αβ motif of drosomycin is also found in a scorpion neurotoxin, and drosomycin potentiates the action of this neurotoxin on nerve excitation.

## Drosomycin multigene family

At the nucleotide level, drosomycin is a 387 bp-long gene (Drs) which lies on Muller element 3L, very near six other drosomycin-like (Drsl) genes. These various drosomycins are referred to as the drosomycin multigene family. However, only drosomycin itself is part of the systemic immune response, while the other genes are regulated in different fashions. The antimicrobial activity of these various drosomycin-like peptides also differs. In 2015 Gao and Zhu found that in some Drosophila species (D. takahashii) some of these genes have been duplicated and this Drosophila has 11 genes in the drosomycin multigene family in total.

## Function

It seems that drosomycin has about three major functions on fungi, the first is partial lysis of hyphae, the second is inhibition of spore germination (in higher concentrations of drosomycin), and the last is delaying of hypha growth, which leads to hyphae branching (at lower concentrations of drosomycin). The exact mechanism of function to fungi still has to be clarified. In 2019, Hanson and colleagues generated the first drosomycin mutant, finding that indeed flies lacking drosomycin were more susceptible to fungal infection.
# Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel

Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) is a suite of Drosophila melanogaster lines derived from an out-crossed population in Raleigh, North Carolina. The founders of these lineages were collected from the Raleigh State Farmer's Market 35°45′51″N 78°39′47″W﻿ / ﻿35.764254°N 78.662935°W﻿ / 35.764254; -78.662935. The suite consists of 205 fully sequenced lines which have been inbred to near homozygosity. The primary goal of the DGRP is to provide a common set of strain for quantitative genetics research in Drosophila. Each researcher who uses the lines from the DGRP will have access to other researchers' data, which will be stored in a publicly available database. This allows for analyses to be performed across studies without having to worry about complications arising from different labs using genomically different lines of fruit flies.

## Objectives

These lines are useful for performing QTL maps, as every line is fully sequenced. This allows for association mapping to be performed, which looks for genomic regions that are correlated to a phenotype. As labs produce QTL maps a comprehensive picture of the Drosophila genome will emerge with unprecedented resolution. Currently, dozens of quantitative traits are being examined by researchers, including longevity, phototaxis, mating behavior, wing morphology and oviposition site preference.

## Current uses

The pilot proof of concept and development of the DGRP came from the Trudy Mackay lab in Raleigh, North Carolina. The sequencing was done by Baylor College of Medicine Sequencing Center, in collaboration with Richard Gibbs and Stephen Richards.
The preliminary sequence data can be obtained from a public database hosted by Baylor College of Medicine in the Texas Medical Center. Raw sequencing data from the project can be found in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive.

## Specific studies

Preliminary data has been presented at Genetics Society of America in Boston, Massachusetts. The study investigates the sleep behavior of Drosophila to uncover the genes that are responsible. The data suggest that at least 998 genes are responsible for some of the measurable variation found, including candidate genes CrebB-17A, rutabaga, Shaker and the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor have all been implicated in other studies as being involved in sleep behavior.
Researchers have also uncovered a genotype by diet interaction that drives phenotypic variation. Recently published data indicates that the interaction between a fly's genome and its environment plays a substantial role in determining the phenotype. This suggests that some individuals are obese on a high-fat diet, but can retain a slimmer phenotype on a high-sugar diet.
# Drumm Battery Train

The Drumm Battery Train was an Irish battery electric multiple unit developed in the 1930s which ran successfully in service on the Dublin to Bray route. The train's batteries were charged via an overhead pickup at the turnaround station.
The train was a successful implementation of the battery developed by Dr James J. Drumm.

## Background

Dr James J. Drumm developed the traction battery in the late 1920s and was supported by the Irish Government as a means of using the excess electricity generated by the Shannon hydroelectric scheme.

## Prototype

A prototype was developed by converting petrol railcar 386 to Drumm traction Battery operation.

## Construction

Unit A was constructed at Inchicore railway works in 1931 shortly followed by unit B.
Units C and D were constructed in 1938.

## Performance

The units had a maximum operating range of 40 miles (64 km) as demonstrated by a test run to Portarlington in 1932. The recharge time was about 1 minute for each mile to be covered, that is about 15 minutes for Dublin to Bray which could be covered in about 20 minutes nonstop. The geared maximum design speed of units C and D were 47 miles per hour (76 km/h) though 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) was touched on an inaugural run and even 72 miles per hour (116 km/h) has been claimed in service.

## Trials

Several inaugural runs were held in late 1931 including a trip with President Cosgrave on 2 December 1931.

## Service

Units A and B were in service from 1932 to 1949, being joined by units C and D in 1939, though the later units were not as successful as hoped. The Drumm Battery Trains were especially useful in the coal shortages of the early 1940s however were restricted by electricity supply shortages of 1949.

## Withdrawal

The units were withdrawn in 1949 due to the batteries becoming life expired and cheaper alternatives available. The batteries and electrical equipment were removed continuing in service as diesel hauled carriages until 1955. They were stored on a siding at Foxrock until being scrapped.

## Incidents

At about 22:00 on 25 June 1935 the Drumm Battery "A" train collided about 250 yards (230 m) south of Dún Laoghaire with a collapsed wall resulting from a burst storm sewer during a storm and associated heavy rain. There were two fires in the battery chambers with arcing and considerable heat generated but only charring to the coach body.

## Models

A handbuilt model of the Drumm Train is in the Fry Model Railway collection. The model correctly depicts the unit articulated bogie however the front end cab modelling would seem to be proposal for the C and D units but not the actual design used. This is reasonable as Cyril Fry the creator was a draughtsman at Inchicore Works where the units were designed and constructed and would have had access to such drawings.
# Dramane

Dramane is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Alassane Dramane Ouattara (born 1942), Ivorian politician
* Aminata Dramane Traoré (born 1942), Malian author, politician, and political activist
* Dramane Coulibaly (born 1979), Malian football player
* Dramane Dembélé, Malian politician
* Dramane Diarra (born 1980), French basketball player
* Dramane Kamaté (born 1985), Malian football player
* Dramane Konaté, (born 1994), Ivorian football player
* Dramane Koné (born 1980), drummer and griot from Burkina Faso
* Dramane Nikièma (born 1988), Burkinabé football player
* Dramane Salou (born 1998), Burkinabé football player
* Dramane Sereme (born 1942), Malian athlete
* Dramane Traoré (born 1982), Malian football player
# John W. Lindsey

John W. Lindsey was a slave trader based in Montgomery, Alabama, United States in the 1840s and 1850s.

## Biography

Frederic Bancroft described the nature of the Montgomery slave market in his 1931 history Slave-Trading in the Old South:
   Montgomery, the capital of Alabama and a good shipping-point, attracted politicians, planters and much general business, although in 1860 its total population was less than 9,000, of whom more than half were slaves and 102 were free colored. Its slave-trade was patronized chiefly by the central part of the State, for northern Alabama drew supplies from markets in other States, and Montgomery traders had competitors in Columbus, Georgia, on the east, Selma on the west, and Mobile on the southwest. Yet the capital did a thriving trade in slaves. The City Directory for 1859 listed four 'slave depots' along with the same number of banking establishments, whereas for the joyful visitors to the first capital of the Confederacy in February, 1861, there were only four regular hotels.
According to the 1950 history Slavery in Alabama, the records of the Montgomery County probate court clearly reveal the names of the major slave traders working in the city, as they would return year after year to harvest unwanted slaves from the estates of the dead and carry them off to be resold. The names of traders and trading firms that recurred most frequently in records dating from 1838 to 1860 were Hill & Hartwell, Williamson & Puryear, Brown & Watson, Mason Harwell, and Lindsey.
A runaway slave ad placed by H. M. Waters of Coffee County, Alabama in 1851 sought the return, for a reward of $30, of his slaves Joe and Adeline, about whom he wrote, "Joe is about 6 feet 8 inches high, and about 35 years of age, rather a bright colored negro, and has had the small pox. Adeline is of medium size, black, and has a downcast look when spoken to, and is about 32 years of age. I purchased the above negroes from Lindsey, a negro trader in Montgomery. They may possibly be making for that place or Prairie Bluff on the Alabama river."
Lindsey advertised his business in the newspaper throughout 1852 and 1853, and one of the "100 Negroes for Sale" ads caught the attention of Harriet Beecher Stowe, who included it in her non-fiction polemic, A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin. She reprinted it, with the commentary, "Mr. Lindsey is going to be receiving, from time to time, all the season, and will sell as cheap as anybody; so there's no fear of the supply falling off...Query: Are these Messrs. Sanders & Foster, and J. W. Lindsey, and S. N. Brown, and McLean, and Woodroof, and McLendon, all members of the church, in good and regular standing? Does the question shock you? Why so? Why should they not be? The Rev. Dr. Smylie, of Mississippi, in a document endorsed by two Presbyteries, says distinctly that the Bible gives a right to buy and sell slaves."
# Johnson-Hach House

The Johnson-Hach House is a historic house in Clarksville, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built circa 1877 for Polk Grundy Johnson, the son of Congressman Cave Johnson. It was purchased in 1917 by Adolph Hach, a German-born businessman who invested in tobacco production. The house remained in the Hach family until 1992.
The house was designed in the Italianate architectural style, with Colonial Revival features. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 10, 1998.
# John Worth (priest)

John Worth, B.D. (1648-1688) was an Irish Anglican Dean.
The son of Bishop Edward Worth, and Susannah Pepper, daughter of Denis Pepper, a cousin of the Earl of Cork, and brother of the noted judge William Worth, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was appointed a prebendary of Killaloe in 1670; Chancellor of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1671; Dean of Kildare in 1675; and Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1678. He died on 12 April 1688.
Religious differences played a large part in his own early life. His father was a Protestant of strongly Puritan leanings, with no sympathy for either Baptists or Quakers. His mother on the other hand was a Quaker who was arrested in 1664 for publicly attending Quaker meetings. This caused a breach between the couple which was never healed: in his last will his father urged his mother to repent for her unorthodox beliefs.
His wife's first name was Comfort: they had ten children. Only two are known to have survived into adulthood, Michael and Edward Worth (1678-1733), the noted physician and book collector.
# Johnson County Courthouse Square

Johnson County Courthouse Square is a historic courthouse and town square located in Franklin, Johnson County, Indiana. The courthouse was built between 1879 and 1881, and is a two-story, red brick building with elements of Second Empire, Neo-Jacobean, and Romanesque Revival style architecture. It has a low hipped metal roof topped by a central tower and with smaller corner towers topped with pyramidal roofs. It was designed by George W. Bunting, who also designed courthouses at Frankfort (Clinton County) and Anderson (Madison County).$^{:2}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
# Dubai International (badminton)

The Dubai International is an open international badminton open tournament held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The event is part of the Badminton World Federation's International Challenge and part of the Badminton Asia Circuit.

## Previous winners

| Year | Men's singles | Women's singles | Men's doubles | Women's doubles | Mixed doubles |
| 2018 | Vladimir Malkov | Ashmita Chaliha | Kim Sang-soo Yoo Yeon-seong | Go Ah-ra Yoo Chae-ran | Yoo Yeon-seong Park So-young |
| 2019 | Kodai Naraoka | Mako Urushizaki | Keiichiro Matsui Yoshinori Takeuchi | Rin Iwanaga Kie Nakanishi | Rodion Alimov Alina Davletova |

## Performances by nation

Top Nations :
| Pos | Nation | MS | WS | MD | WD | XD | Total |
| 1 | Japan | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | South Korea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Russia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | India | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 |