OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Accessory spleen

An accessory spleen is a small nodule of splenic tissue found apart from the main body of the spleen. Accessory spleens are found in approximately 10 percent of the population and are typically around 1 centimetre in diameter. They may resemble a lymph node or a small spleen. They form either by the result of developmental anomalies or trauma. They are medically significant in that they may result in interpretation errors in diagnostic imaging or continued symptoms after therapeutic splenectomy. Polysplenia is the presence of multiple accessory spleens rather than one normal spleen.

## Causes and locations

Accessory spleens may be formed during embryonic development when some of the cells from the developing spleen are deposited along the path from the midline, where the spleen forms, over to its final location on the left side of the abdomen by the 9th–11th ribs. The most common locations for accessory spleens are the hilum of the spleen and adjacent to the tail of the pancreas. They may be found anywhere along the splenic vessels, in the gastrosplenic ligament, the splenorenal ligament, the walls of the stomach or intestines, the pancreatic tail, the greater omentum, the mesentery, the renal fossa, or the gonads and their path of descent. The typical size is approximately 1 centimeter, but sizes ranging from a few millimeters up to 2–3 centimeters are not uncommon.
Splenogonadal fusion can result in one or more accessory spleens along a path from the abdomen into the pelvis or scrotum. The developing spleen forms near the urogenital ridge from which the gonads develop. The gonads may pick up some tissue from the spleen, and as they descend through the abdomen during development, they can produce either a continuous or a broken line of deposited splenic tissue.
Splenosis is a condition where foci of splenic tissue undergo autotransplantation, most often following physical trauma or splenectomy. Displaced tissue fragments can implant on well vascularized surfaces in the abdominal cavity, or, if the diaphragmatic barrier is broken, the thorax.
* Gross pathology of an accessory spleen
* Histologic section of an accessory spleen
* Ultrasonography of an accessory spleen.

## Significance

If splenectomy is performed for conditions in which blood cells are sequestered in the spleen, failure to remove accessory spleens may result in the failure of the condition to resolve. During medical imaging, accessory spleens may be confused for enlarged lymph nodes or neoplastic growth in the tail of the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands or gonads.
# Accessory obturator nerve

In human anatomy, the accessory obturator nerve is an accessory nerve in the lumbar region present in about 29% of cases.
It is of small size, and arises from the ventral divisions of the third and fourth lumbar nerves. Recent evidence support that this nerve arises from dorsal divisions.
It descends along the medial border of the psoas major, crosses the superior ramus of the pubis, and passes under the pectineus, where it divides into numerous branches.
One of these supplies the pectineus, penetrating its deep surface, another is distributed to the hip-joint; while a third communicates with the anterior branch of the obturator nerve.
Occasionally the accessory obturator nerve is very small and is lost in the capsule of the hip-joint.
When it is absent, the hip-joint receives two branches from the obturator nerve.
# Acarospora janae

Acarospora janae is a species of lichen in the Acarosporaceae family. Described as new to science in 2011, it is known only from New Mexico and Colorado in the United States, where it grows on siliceous rock.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was first described scientifically in a 2011 issue of the journal Phytotaxa, one of 100 new species authored by 102 contributors from 35 countries. The type collection was made in Las Vegas (San Miguel County, New Mexico) in 1927 by Arsène Brouard. The specific epithet janae refers to Jana Kocourkova, colleague and fiancée of the species author Kerry Knudsen.

## Description

The lichen thallus (body) consists of dispersed areoles (a small rounded area that is more or less polygonal or angular, and delimited by cracks) that are dark to light brown in color. The surface of the areoles often have fine grooves. The disc of the lichen (a round, plate-like spore-producing part of the fruit body) has a rough texture and is either the same color as the thallus or darker. It sometimes has umbos and ridges, but these tend to disappear as the disc fully dilates. The hymenium is about 100 μm thick and contain paraphyses that have a diameter of 2 μm. The asci (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, measure 60 by 20 μm, and contain roughly 100 spores. The spores are 3–4 by 2 μm.

## Habitat and distribution

Acarospora janae grows on siliceous rock. It is known only from the type locality, and a modern collection made from Marks Creek Township, Wake County, North Carolina, although Knudsen suggests that it may occur infrequently from Utah and the Colorado Plateau south into Mexico.
# Acarospora fuscata

Acarospora fuscata ("brown cobblestone lichen") is a glossy pale or yellowish-brown areolate lichen with angular areolas that grows up to 10 cm (4 in) wide on non-calcareous rock in low and high elevations.$^{:217}$ It grows in Europe and North America. It grows in southern California and on the eastern part of the Sierra Nevada range.$^{:217}$ It may grow with the areolas disconnected.$^{:217}$ The areolas may lift at the edges, but the areolas do not overlap like true squamules (sub-squamulose).$^{:217}$ More common in the Sierras is the similar species Acarospora thamnina, which is truly squamulose with overlapping scales.$^{:217}$
It usually has 0-1 apothecium per areole, which may be point-like (punctiform) or fill the entire areole with a disc that is rough surfaced and reddish brown. The asci are club shaped (clavate), with over 100 spores. Lichen spot tests are K−, C+ vaguely pink, KC+ red, and P−.$^{:217}$ Secondary metabolites include gyrophoric acid.
# Fustius malaysiensis

Fustius malaysiensis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2010. It is known from western Malaysia.
The wingspan is about 8 mm.
# Acrocercops lysibathra

Acrocercops lysibathra is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Bihar, India. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1916. The hostplants for the species include Cordia latifolia and Cordia myxa.
# Acrocercops marmarauges

Acrocercops marmarauges is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Java, Indonesia. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932.
# Acalolepta szechuana

Acalolepta szechuana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gressitt in 1938. It is known from China.
# Acalolepta tenuipes

Acalolepta tenuipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939. It is known from India.
# GCS Cars

GCS (Gary Colin Specialist) Cars traded initially from Orpington in Kent, UK and produced the Hawke. Although similar to the Burlington SS in some respects, the GCS Hawke was developed completely independently by the partners in GCS Cars with considerably different dimensions overall. The Dorian/Burlington was designed to fit on a Triumph chassis, although Dorian later developed a chassis that it is believed was using Escort parts. The GCS Hawke was designed to fit on a ladder-frame chassis to accept Cortina/Sierra parts. This led to the bodyshell and wings being considerably wider than the original Dorian/Burlington car. It is an open two seater modelled fairly closely, but differently enough, on the Morgan. Whereas the Burlington body tub was constructed of glass-fibre, wood and aluminium, the Hawke has a one-piece GRP bodyshell with integral floor. It can take a variety of engines from Ford and the V8 Rover. The company was founded by Garry Hutton and Collin Puttock.
The company was eventually sold to Tiger Racing but then sold to LCD (LC Developments Ltd founded in 2003 by Richard John Laking and Paul John Chapman) who currently both manufacture the car and supply the car as a kit.
# Futeau

Futeau (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Acugamasus montanus

Acugamasus montanus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae. It is found in Europe.
This species was formerly in the genus Gamasellus.
# Acugamasus plumitergus

Acugamasus plumitergus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.
# Futurists (play)

Futurists is a 1986 play by British playwright Dusty Hughes. It was first produced at the Cottesloe, Royal National Theatre, directed by Richard Eyre.
# G. Beem Rao

G Beem Rao is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Maduravoyal constituency. He represented the Communist Party of India (Marxist) party.
The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by P. Benjamin.

## Electoral performance

2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Maduravoyal :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AIADMK | P. Benjamin | 99,739 | 40.12% | New |
| | INC | R. Rajesh | 91,337 | 36.74% | New |
| | CPI(M) | G. Beem Rao | 19,612 | 7.89% | −44.2 |
| | PMK | N. V. Srinivasan | 17,328 | 6.97% | −32.2 |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 6,655 | 2.68% | New |
| | NTK | M. Vasu | 6,181 | 2.49% | New |
| | IJK | R. Anandapriya | 4,582 | 1.84% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 8,402 | 3.38% | −9.53% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 248,597 | 61.81% | −7.18% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 402,205 | | |
| | AIADMK gain from CPI(M) | AIADMK gain from CPI(M) | Swing | -11.97% | |
2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Maduravoyal :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | CPI(M) | G. Beem Rao | 96,844 | 52.09% | New |
| | PMK | K. Selvam | 72,833 | 39.17% | New |
| | BJP | S. Selvan | 6,381 | 3.43% | New |
| | IJK | D. Sivasankaran | 2,256 | 1.21% | New |
| | BSP | P. Yosuva | 2,040 | 1.10% | New |
| | Independent | K. Selvam | 1,542 | 0.83% | New |
| | JMM | L. Dhilbahadur | 1,373 | 0.74% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 24,011 | 12.91% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 185,925 | 68.99% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 269,513 | | |
| | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) | CPI(M) win (new seat) |
# G. Blakemore Evans

Gwynne Blakemore Evans (31 March 1912 – 23 December 2005) was an American scholar of Elizabethan literature best known for editing the Riverside Shakespeare edition in 1974.

## Biography

Evans was born on March 31. 1912 in Columbus, Ohio to Marshall B. Evans, a scholar of the German language at Ohio State University. Gwynne graduated from that university in 1934. He then earned a master's degree from the University of Cincinnati in 1936. He received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1940. In 2000 Albright College awarded him a Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), honoris causa.
From 1942 to 1945, Evans served in the United States Army Signal Corps Intelligence during World War II at Bletchley Park in England, a centre of Allied spying and decoding and became a sergeant.
After the war, Evans became a professor of English literature, working at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and Harvard University, where he became Cabot Professor.
Evan's first book was The Plays and Poems of William Cartwright (1951), an edition of the obscure poet and playwright William Cartwright. He also edited Shakespeare Prompt-Books of the 17th Century (1960–80), a series of editions of rare promptbooks.
His popular edition of Shakespeare's complete works, the Riverside Shakespeare, was published in 1974 by Houghton Mifflin, and remained the standard text of Shakespeare's works in university classrooms for the next quarter century. Evans co-edited an updated version in 1997. He also edited Richard III for the New Penguin Shakespeare and Romeo and Juliet for the New Cambridge Shakespeare.
Evans died on December 23, 2005, aged 93 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Legacy

Evans's last book was The Poems of Robert Parry, a study of the little-known poet Robert Parry.
# Acumen

Acumen may refer to:
* Acumen (organization) (formerly known as Acumen Fund), a non-profit global venture fund
* Acumen (magazine), a triannual British poetry magazine
* Acumen Nation, an American rock music group originally known as Acumen
* Acumen Publishing, a British publisher
# G. Mohandasan

G. Mohandasan, also spelled as G. Mohanadasan, is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Poompuhar constituency in the 1996 election.
# Adalia (beetle)

Adalia is a genus of ladybugs in the family Coccinellidae. It contains only two species, A. bipunctata and A. decempunctata.

## Ecology and biogeography

Adalia bipunctata is present in Europe, Asia, North America and New Zealand.
The two species are predominantly aphidophagous, but also show cannibalism and prey on other ladybirds.
Adalia species are subject to parasitism by male-killing bacteria: invasion of one insect species, A. bipunctata, by two different male-killing bacteria, phorid and degeerid flies, as well as sexually transmitted Coccipolipus hippodamiae mites.
# GNA12

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA12 gene.

## Interactions and functions

The GNA12 gene encodes the G$_{12}$ G protein alpha subunit. Together with GNA13, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. Heterotrimeric G proteins function in transducing hormone and neurotransmitter signals detected by cell surface G protein-coupled receptors to intracellular signaling pathways to modulate cell functions. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP.
Active GTP-bound G$_{12}$ alpha subunit interacts with and activates ARHGEF1, ARHGEF11, and ARHGEF12. These ARHGEF proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
GNA12 also interacts with PPP5C, HSP90, Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase-8A (Ric-8A) and TEC.
# GURPS Arabian Nights

GURPS Arabian Nights is a supplement by Phil Masters, published by Steve Jackson Games in 1993 for GURPS (Generic Universal Role-Playing System).

## Description

GURPS Arabian Nights is a supplement that suggests how the GURPS rules can be modified to create a fantasy Arabian Nights campaign setting. The book describes:
* an extensive outline of history in the Arabian region from 600 to 1400.
* social conventions of the time such as Claim to Hospitality and Code of Honor, as well as descriptions of money, jobs and typical daily expenses.
* new magic spells and monsters
* suggestions for setting up a campaign
The book also includes a sample adventure, "The Tale of the Poet, the Slave, and What Was Not Theirs".

## Publication history

GURPS Arabian Nights is a 128-page softcover book designed by Phil Masters for the third edition of GURPS, with interior art by Sam Inabinet and Laura Eisenhour, and cover art by Rowena Morrill. It was published by Steve Jackson Games in 1993, and a second printing was published in 1998.
In the 2014 book Designers & Dragons: The '80s, game historian Shannon Appelcline noted that Steve Jackson Games decided in the early 1990s to stop publishing adventures, and as a result "SJG was now putting out standalone GURPS books rather than the more complex tiered book lines. This included more historical subgenre books. Some, such as GURPS Camelot (1991) and GURPS China (1991), were clearly sub-subgenres, while others like GURPS Old West (1991) and GURPS Middle Ages I (1992) covered genres notably missing before this point".$^{:45}$

## Reception

In the July 1995 edition of Dragon (Issue #219), Allen Varney was not initially impressed with the thought of another sub-genre book from SJG, commenting: "To my mind, the GURPS 'universal' RPG believes in encoding all of existence as rules, as opposed to creating fun campaigns. Some of its worldbooks show that with sufficient effort, a realistic viewpoint can make any adventure genre dull". Varney used the example of flying carpets in this book that "won't bank sharply or fast", sarcastically pointing out "players might have accidentally tried something fun", but did admit that this was a "fascinating sourcebook of real-world Islamic history with digressions into legendary fantasy". He also enjoyed the section on Arabian attitudes to magic, and the suggestions for setting up a campaign. Overall he thought: "If you like genuine Islamic culture or want to know more about it, GURPS Arabian Nights is worth searching for".

## Other reviews

* The Last Province August–September 1993 (issue #5, p. 8, "Pandora's Box")
# Adams (CDP), Massachusetts

Adams is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Adams in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,515 at the 2010 census, out of 8,485 in the entire town of Adams.

## Geography

Adams CDP is located in the center of the town of Adams at 42°37′31″N 73°7′5″W﻿ / ﻿42.62528°N 73.11806°W﻿ / 42.62528; -73.11806 (42.625349, -73.118249). Massachusetts Route 8 passes through the center of the community, leading north to North Adams and south towards Pittsfield. Massachusetts Route 116 leaves southeast from the center of town, leading eventually to Amherst in the Connecticut River valley.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Adams CDP has a total area of 2.3 square miles (5.9 km$^2$), of which 2.2 square miles (5.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 1.36%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,784 people, 2,729 households, and 1,555 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 988.1/km$^2$ (2,554.6/mi$^2$). There were 3,005 housing units at an average density of 513.4/km$^2$ (1,327.2/mi$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.24% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population.
There were 2,729 households, out of which 25.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,703, and the median income for a family was $37,574. Males had a median income of $31,096 versus $23,802 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,210. About 7.9% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.
# Emmert L. Wingert

Emmert Laurson Wingert (April 2, 1899 – February 1, 1971) was an American lawyer and judge from Wisconsin. He was a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court and executive counsel to Governor Walter J. Kohler, Sr.

## Biography

Born in Mount Carroll, Illinois, Wingert graduated from Harvard Law School. He practiced law in Madison, Wisconsin, worked in office of the Wisconsin Attorney General, and was executive counsel to Walter J. Kohler, Sr., when he was Governor of Wisconsin. During Kohler's term, Wingert represented Wisconsin at the National Conference on Uniform State Laws. Years later, under Kohler's son, Governor Walter J. Kohler, Jr., Wingert was Vice Chairman of the Governor's Commission on the Study of Retirement Systems, and, after the death of Justice Edward J. Gehl, in 1956, Governor Kohler appointed Wingert to the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Wingert was defeated in his first Supreme Court election, in April 1958, and left office at the end of his term, on January 1, 1959.

## Electoral history

Wisconsin Supreme Court Election, 1958 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| General Election, April 1, 1958 ||||||
| | Nonpartisan | William H. Dieterich | 232,955 | 52.43% | +30.02% |
| | Nonpartisan | Emmert L. Wingert (incumbent) | 211,319 | 47.57% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 444,274 | 100.0% | -41.32% |
# Juan Conway McNabb

Juan Conway McNabb (December 11, 1925 – February 26, 2016) was an American born bishop in the Catholic Church and served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Chulucanas in the Piura Region of Peru from 1988 to 2000.

## Biography

John Conway McNabb was born in Beloit, Wisconsin and professed religious vows in the Order of St. Augustine. He was ordained a Catholic priest on May 24, 1952. He taught in high schools sponsored by the Augustinian Community in Chicago, Illinois and St. Louis, Missouri. On March 4, 1964, McNabb was named the first ordinary of the Prelature of Chulucanas by Pope John XXIII. He attended the third and fourth sessions of the Second Vatican Council as a voting member.
The prelature was 14,000 square miles (36,000 km$^2$) and its area was about two thirds mountains and one-third desert. When McNabb came to the area there were no telephones, roads or electricity. There were 140,000 people in the territory and almost all of them were Catholic. There were only a few diocesan priests and six Franciscan priests from Sicily. He was not fluent in Spanish and so he utilized the services of an interpreter until he became fluent.
On April 8, 1967, Pope Paul VI named McNabb Titular Bishop of Saia Maior, and he was ordained a bishop on June 17, 1967. Archbishop John Patrick Cody of Chicago was the ordaining prelate. Bishop Petrus Canisius Jean van Lierde of the Roman Curia and Archbishop Erasmo Hinojosa Hurtado of Piura were the principal co-consecrators. On December 12, 1988, John Paul II raised the prelature to a diocese and McNabb became its first bishop.
Because so many of the people in the diocese lived a long way from parish churches or chapels, and there were so few priests to minister to them, a pastoral plan was developed to establish small Christian communities and train lay people as catechists. McNabb stated, "When I left (Chulucanas), there was only one priest for every 14,000 people, but you had 23,000 of the laity collaborating on parish ministry in a common program. So, there was someone in ministry for every 23 people."
McNabb had coronary artery bypass surgery in 1990 and in 1996 Daniel Thomas Turley Murphy was named coadjutor bishop of the diocese. Pope John Paul II accepted McNabb's resignation on October 28, 2000, and he returned to the United States. After he left Chulucanas he ministered among Latinos in Illinois, and then became pastor of St. Clare of Montefalco parish in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan in 2002.

### Death

McNabb died on February 26, 2016, aged 90 at Mercy Circle in Evergreen Park, Illinois from congestive heart failure.
# Koonthalloor

Kizhuvalam-Koonthalloor is a village in Thiruvananthapuram district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kizhuvalam-Koonthalloor had a population of 32728 with 15230 males and 17498 females.
# Plataraea elegans

Plataraea elegans is a species of rove beetles. It is found in Europe.