OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christoffel Venter

Major-General Christoffel 'Boetie' Venter CB DFC & bar, (1 November 1892 – 20 February 1977) was a South African military commander.

## Military career

He joined the 7th Mounted Rifles in 1912 then the 5th SAMR in August 1914 for service in South West Africa. He joined 1 South African Infantry Battalion in 1916 and served in France until he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in February 1917. He was shot down and captured in 1918. He won the DFC and bar and was credited with 16 aerial victories, and joined the South African Air Force in 1922.$^{:255}$
He commanded 1 Squadron SAAF and served as Officer Commanding Wits Command in 1936.
He was Director-General of the Air Force from 1940 to 1945. After World War II, he was managing director of South African Airways.

## Honours and awards
### Companion of the Order of the Bath

Then Major General Venter was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 1 January 1944
The notice in the London Gazette reads as follows:
   The KING has been graciously pleased, on the advice of His Majesty's Ministers for the Union of South Africa, to give orders for the following appointment to the Most Honourable Order of the Bath:
   To be an Additional Member of the Military Division of the Third Class, or Companions, of the said Most Honourable Order:
   Temporary Major General Christoffel Johannes Venter, D.F.C., South African Staff Corps

### Distinguished Flying Cross

Lieutenant Venter was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1918. The notice in the London Gazette reads as follows:
   Lt. Christoffel Johannes Venter.
   During recent operations this officer shot down five enemy aeroplanes, one of which he followed down to 500 feet, when it was seen to fall.
   He is a bold and skilful airman.

### Bar to the Distinguished Flying Cross

In November 1918 he was awarded a bar to his Distinguished Flying Cross The notice in the London Gazette reads as follows:
   Lt. (T./Capt.) Christoffel Johannes Venter, D.F.C.
   A brilliant patrol leader, who has since May last destroyed eleven enemy machines. In an engagement between six of our machines and nine of the enemy, five of the latter were destroyed, Captain Venter accounting for one. Later on the same day he, in company with three other officers, engaged four Fokkers. In the combat that followed all four enemy machines were destroyed, this officer shooting down one.

### List

* Order of the Bath (Companion) (CB)
* Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom) (DFC & Bar)
* British War Medal
* Victory Medal (South Africa) (Mentioned in Dispatches) (MID)
* King George V Coronation Medal
* King George VI Coronation Medal
* Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
* Military Cross (Belgium)
# Christian Vinck

Christian Vinck (born 3 September 1975) is a German former professional tennis player.
Vinck reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 12 February 2001, when he became World number 101. He played primarily on the Challenger circuit.
Vinck's best performance in a grand slam event came at Wimbledon in 2000, when he made it to the third round.

## Career tour finals
### Singles (4 titles)

* Legend (singles)
* Grand Slam (0)
* Tennis Masters Cup (0)
* ATP Masters Series (0)
* ATP Tour (0)
* Challengers (4)
| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score |
| 1. | 10 November 1997 | Las Vegas | Hard | Andre Agassi | 6–2, 7–5 |
| 2. | 8 December 1997 | Wismar | Carpet | Ivo Heuberger | 6–2, 7–6 |
| 3. | 30 November 1998 | Nümbrecht | Carpet | Peter Wessels | 6–7, 6–4, 6–4 |
| 4. | 14 February 2000 | Lübeck | Carpet | Andy Fahlke | 6–3, 6–1 |
# Christian Christiansen

Christian Christiansen may refer to:
* Christian Christiansen (musician) (1884–1955), Danish musician
* Christian Christiansen (physicist) (1843–1917), Danish physicist
* Christian E. Christiansen (born 1972), Danish filmmaker
# Christian Christie

Eilert Christian Brodtkorb Christie (24 December 1832 – 13 September 1906) was a Norwegian architect.

## Personal life

He was born in Bergen as a son of customs officer Werner Hosewinckel Christie (1785–1872) and Hansine Langsted (1802–1864). He was a grandnephew of Werner Hosewinckel Christie, nephew of Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie and Edvard Eilert Christie, a brother of Hans Langsted Christie, a first cousin of writer Johan Koren Christie and physicist Hartvig Caspar Christie and a granduncle of politician Hartvig Caspar Christie. He was an uncle of agricultural teacher Werner Hosewinckel Christie, and through him a granduncle of pianist Amalie Christie, Johan Koren Christie and Werner Hosewinckel Christie. His second cousin Edvard Edvardsen Christie had the daughter Sara Stockfleth Christie. His niece Anna Christie married Jens Zetlitz Monrad Kielland, and bore the children Jacob Christie Kielland and Else Christie Kielland.

## Career

Christie was educated at Polytechnic School of Hannover from 1849 to 1852 and in Karlsruhe from 1852 to 1854, where he was a student of Friedrich Eisenlohr. He returned to Bergen in 1855, and then opened an architect's office in Kristiania in 1858. He was commissioned by the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments, and through his work drawing remnants of medieval architecture, he became intimately familiar with such structures in Norway. He led restoration and preservation of a number of important medieval structures, including Håkonshallen and St Mary's Church in Bergen. He also designed several churches of his own, combining Neo-Gothic architecture with the stave church style, decades before stave church inspiration became widespread. Churches include New Borgund Church, erected between 1865 and 1868.
Haraldshaugen, a national monument in Haugesund, was raised in 1872 to commemorate the Battle of Hafrsfjord. His most important work was probably the restoration of the Nidaros Cathedral, which he nearly completed before dying. His work here spanned the years from 1872 to 1906. Christie also chaired the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments branch in Trondhjem.
Christie was decorated as a Commander, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1897. He was a Knight of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog and the Prussian Order of the Crown. He died in September 1906 in Trondhjem.
# Chris Williamson

Chris Williamson may refer to:
* Chris Williamson (politician) (born 1956), British politician, former MP for Derby North
* Chris Williamson (alpine skier) (born 1972), Canadian alpine skier and Paralympic Champion
* Chris Williamson (American football) (born 1997), American football cornerback
* Chris Williamson (TV personality) (born 1987), contestant on Love Island
* Chris Williamson, British architect who co-founded Weston Williamson
* Crissy Criss (Chris Williamson, born 1987), British DJ, radio producer and presenter
# Hoem

Hoem is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Bjørn Tore Hoem (born 1991), Norwegian cyclist
* Edvard Hoem (born 1949), Norwegian novelist
* Gottfred Hoem (1900–1979), Norwegian politician
* Ine Hoem (born 1985), Norwegian singer
* Jan Hoem (1939–2017), Norwegian scientist
* Knut Hoem (1924–1987), Norwegian politician
# Roseč

Roseč is a municipality and village in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Roseč lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Jindřichův Hradec, 37 km (23 mi) north-east of České Budějovice, and 112 km (70 mi) south of Prague.
# Rosemary Martin

Rosemary Martin (17 December 1936 – 14 August 1998) was an English actress, born in Birmingham. She appeared in dozens of films from 1964 to 1998 and is also known for television roles including Mrs. Partridge in Last of the Summer Wine, Vera in Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt, Marjorie in Pennies from Heaven, Miss Weber in The Insurance Man, Renie Fox in Fox and Verna Johnson in Tenko.
Other TV credits include: Z-Cars, Crown Court, Bill Brand, Coronation Street, The Gentle Touch, The Sweeney, Looking For Clancy, Maggie: It's Me, Thomas & Sarah, Bergerac, The Chinese Detective, The Insurance Man, Jeeves and Wooster, Drop the Dead Donkey, Pie in the Sky, Cracker, Heartbeat, The Bill, Outside Edge, Peak Practice and EastEnders.
Her film credits include It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet (1976), Tess (1979), Britannia Hospital (1982), Slayground (1983), Secret Places (1984), The Dressmaker (1988), The Raggedy Rawney (1988), A Dry White Season (1989) and The Object of Beauty (1991).

## Death

Martin died on 14 August 1998.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1965 | Never Mention Murder | Woman at Dinner Table and Bar | Uncredited |
| 1976 | It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet | Mrs. Dalby | |
| 1979 | Tess | Mrs. Durbeyfield | |
| 1982 | Britannia Hospital | Casualty Nurse | |
| 1983 | Slayground | Dr. King | |
| 1984 | Secret Places | Mrs. MacKenzie | |
| 1984 | Laughterhouse | Continuity Girl | |
| 1988 | The Raggedy Rawney | Becky | |
| 1988 | The Dressmaker | Mrs. Manders | |
| 1989 | A Dry White Season | Mrs. Beachley | |
| 1991 | The Object of Beauty | Mrs. Doughty | |
| 1992 | Is That All There Is? | Herself | |
# Christian Murray

Christian Murray is a Canadian actor and writer. He has written for This Hour Has 22 Minutes, Talking to Americans and Daily Tips for Modern Living, and wrote the play Bone Boy which he directed in Halifax in 2012.
He lives in Halifax, Nova Scotia, with his partner Mary-Colin Chisholm and their daughter Emlyn.

## Awards

* Canadian Comedy Award, 2001 and 2002, for This Hour Has 22 Minutes
* Gemini Award, "Best Writing in a Comedy or Variety Program or Series", 2000, for This Hour Has 22 Minutes
# Hitomi Kamanaka

Hitomi Kamanaka (鎌仲ひとみ, Kamanaka Hitomi) (born 11 June 1958, Toyama Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese documentary filmmaker known particularly for her films on nuclear power and radiation.

## Career

Graduating from Waseda University in 1984, Kamanaka began working as an assistant director for documentaries at Group Gendai, Iwanami Productions, and other companies. She directed her first film in 1990 and between 1990 and 1995, worked and studied in Canada and the United States, first on a grant from Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs. Returning to Japan, she worked as a freelance director for television and film. Her film, Hibakusha at the End of the World (also known as Radiation: A Slow Death), was the first of several she has made on the problems of nuclear radiation. It won several awards, including one from the Agency for Cultural Affairs for excellence in documentary. Her next film on nuclear issues, Rokkasho Rhapsody, covered the problems surrounding the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant. Her most recent work, Ashes to Honey, about residents fighting the construction of a nuclear power plant in Yamaguchi Prefecture, opened in theaters only a month before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. After the disaster, her work has garnered increased attention and she has been asked to present her work at numerous venues at home and abroad.

## Selected filmography

* Hibakusha at the End of the World (ヒバクシャ 世界の終わりに Hibakusha, sekai no owari ni) (2003) (also known as Radiation: A Slow Death)
* Rokkasho Rhapsody (六ヶ所村ラプソディー Rokkashomura rapusodī) (2006)
* Ashes to Honey (ミツバチの羽音と地球の回転 Mitsubachi no haoto to chikyū no kaiten) (2010)
* Little Voices from Fukushima (小さき声のカノン－選択する人々Chisaki koe no kannon - sentaku suru hitobito) (2014)
# Holding gains

Holding gains are generally defined as increases in the replacement costs of the assets held during a given period. Holding gains and losses accrue to the owners of assets and liabilities purely as a result of holding the assets or liabilities over time, without transforming them in any way.
For example, if a company holds bottles of wine in its inventory and that specific wine becomes more expensive on the market, the replacement cost of the wine in the inventory increases as it has become more expensive for the company to replace its current stock of wine. Thus, by merely holding the wine in the inventory, the assets of the company have risen in value.
There are different types of holding gains and the types depend on the accounting system the company uses or may use. Holding gains are most frequently used in inflation accounting and income measurement. For instance holding gains or losses can result from depreciation, stock, gearing adjustments or monetary working capital adjustments.
Holding gains can be realized (e.g., sold goods) or unrealized (e.g. stock).
# Holland Villas Road

Holland Villas Road is a road in the Holland Park area of west London.
The road runs roughly north to south from a junction with Addison Road and Upper Addison Gardens to Addison Crescent (the A3220) in the south.
Most of the houses were built from 1857 to the 1860s by James Hall.
Nos 7, 19, 20 and 38 have subsequently been demolished.
The first resident of No 8 was the art collector Constantine Alexander Ionides. Sir Geoffrey Eley, the High Sheriff of Greater London in 1966, lived there.
# Christine Daugaard

Christine Margaretha Daugaard (30 January 1831 in Thorstrup by Varde – 18 December 1917 in Ribe) was a Danish writer and poet, daughter of bishop Jacob Brøgger Daugaard.

## Biography

Christine Daugaard was born in Denmark to bishop Jacob Brøgger Daugaard. Daugaard loved the Jutland Hede. In 1845 her father became diocesan provost and, in 1850, bishop in Ribe, and Daugaard now spent some years in Ribe. Her father nurtured a keen sense of history, and Daugaard inherited a historical interest from him. After the bishop's death in 1867, she moved with her mother to Copenhagen, where they lived for about a dozen years in a villa on H. C. Ørsteds Vej. Daugaard had earlier befriended Sophie Holst, a Jewish priest's daughter, who was accepted as a daughter in the bishop's house. She accompanied Daugaard to Copenhagen after the bishop's death, and went with her friend to Jutland (1861), first to the Herregaarden Nørholm by Varde, where they lived for a time, at the suggestion of Miss Rosenørn-Teilmann, and then again to Ribe, where she died in 1917.
Belonging to a gifted and literary family, she began publishing work in the 1850s and 1860s, partly under the pseudonym Erica, with several spiritual and fatherlands historical poems (among others Heather Flowers 1856, Historical Poems 1861, Danmarks Fadervor 1864, Spiritual Poems 1865, The Guardian 1870). She also published in 1884 an abridged translation of Torquato Tasso's Liberated Jerusalem.
Daugaard died in 1917 aged 86.
# Chromosome territories

In cell biology, chromosome territories are regions of the nucleus preferentially occupied by particular chromosomes.
Interphase chromosomes are long DNA strands that are extensively folded, and are often described as appearing like a bowl of spaghetti. The chromosome territory concept holds that despite this apparent disorder, chromosomes largely occupy defined regions of the nucleus. Most eukaryotes are thought to have chromosome territories, although the budding yeast S. cerevisiae is an exception to this.

## Characteristics

Chromosome territories are spheroid with diameters on the order of one to few micrometers.
Nuclear compartments devoid of DNA called interchromatin compartments have been reported to tunnel into chromosome territories to facilitate molecular diffusion into the otherwise tightly packed chromosome-occupied regions.

## History and experimental support

The concept of chromosome territories was proposed by Carl Rabl in 1885 based on studies of Salamandra maculata.
Chromosome territories have gained recognition using fluorescence labeling techniques (fluorescence in situ hybridization).
Studies of genomic proximity using techniques like chromosome conformation capture have supported the chromosome territory concept by showing that DNA-DNA contacts predominantly happen within particular chromosomes.
# Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen

Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was a German County of the House of Hohenlohe, located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Ingelfingen. Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was a scion of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. It was raised from a County to a Principality in 1764, and was mediatised to Württemberg in 1806.

## Counts of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1701–1764)

* Christian Kraft, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, from 1701 to 1743
* Philip Henry (died 1781), Count from 1743 to 1764

## Princes of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1764–1806)

* Philip Henry (died 1781), prince from 1764 to 1781
* Henry Augustus (died 1796), prince from 1781 to 1796
* Frederick Louis (1746–1818), prince from 1796 to 1806, resigned in favour of his son:
** Adolf Karl Friedrich Ludwig (1797–1873) who held the title for less than a year before the principality was mediatized under Württemberg suzerainty.

## Post-mediatization

* Friedrich Karl Wilhelm, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1752–1814)
# Hohenlohe-Jagstberg

Hohenlohe-Jagstberg is the name of a branch of the House of Hohenlohe with its seat at Haltenbergstetten Castle in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
The branch of Hohenlohe-Brauneck received Jagstberg Castle (near Mulfingen) as af fief from the Bishop of Würzburg around 1300. The Lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck became extinct in 1390. Jagstberg Castle came to various other feudal holders, but repeatedly also back to the House of Hohenlohe.
A side line of the branch of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, whose principality was mediatised to Württemberg in 1806, was founded by Charles Joseph who was created Prince of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg in 1798 and acquired Haltenbergstetten Castle in 1803 which had been built by the House of Hohenlohe around 1200.
A second branch of that name descends from Albrecht (1906-1996), created Prince of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg in 1906. Their residence is Haltenbergstetten Castle.

## Prince of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg (1798–1806)

* Charles Joseph (1798–1806)

## Prince of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg (New, 1906)

* Albrecht, 1st Prince 1906-1996 (1906-1996)
** Alexander, 2nd Prince 1996-present (b.1940)
*** Karl, Hereditary Prince of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg (b.1967)
**** Prince Carlos (b.2007)
# Christopher Sheppard

Christopher Sheppard is a British film producer who has produced Oscar-nominated films. He co-founded Adventure Pictures with Sally Potter in 1990, the shingle has operated ever since. He is known for conglomerating independent film companies from a wide span of countries for his productions.

## Producer credits

* Orlando (1992)
* The Tango Lesson (1997)
* The Man Who Cried (2000)
* Eisenstein (2000, executive)
* Yes (2004)
* Rage (2009)
* Ginger & Rosa (2012)
* The Party (2017)
* The Roads Not Taken (2020)
# Chrysallida pyrgulina

Chrysallida pyrgulina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species is one of a number within the genus Chrysallida.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* Cape Verde archipelago
# Chronology (video game)

Chronology (also known as Chronology: Time Changes Everything) is a 2014 puzzle-platform game by Danish developer Bedtime Digital Games.
The game released on May 12, 2014, for Microsoft Windows and September 12, 2014, for iOS.

## Gameplay

In the game, the player defies time by manipulating the past and the future, in order to fix the present. As the 'Old Inventor' and his sidekick 'The Snail', the player can take advantage of their special abilities - travel back and forth in time, stop time, manipulate objects and solve puzzles.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | iOS | PC |
| Metacritic | 77/100 | 64/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | iOS | PC |
| Eurogamer | N/A | 6/10 |
| Gamezebo | 80/100 | N/A |
| Hardcore Gamer | N/A | 2.5/5 |
| IGN | N/A | 6/10 |
| TouchArcade | | N/A |
| Vandal | N/A | 5.5/10 |
Chronology received "mixed or average" reviews on the PC version whereas on the iOS version, it received "generally favorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
Emiliano Baglioni for Eurogamer.it rated the game 6/10, stating that "The final judgment is therefore quite controversial. Despite not being too elaborate, Chronology is a nice platformer that captivates and engages with its puzzles without causing the experience to end in excessive frustration."
Carter Dobson for Gamezebo rated the game 80/100, stating that "I had a good time with Chronology, and I’m going to bet you will too. It’s brief, but makes great use of its ideas. Time travel is an underused gameplay mechanic, and I hope more games use it like Chronology does."
Matt Whittaker for Hardcore Gamer rated the game 2.5/5, stating that "Chronology is a fun, charming and challenging adventure with dialogue that is sure to make you smile. Its endearing cast of characters will likely keep you engaged for the duration of its short story."
Lorenzo Baldo for IGN Italia rated the game 6/10, stating that "Due to these limitations, Chronology stops at scholastic passing and cannot aspire to more flattering evaluations. The hope is that Osao Games can capitalize on this experience, to avoid making the same mistakes in the future."
Andrew Fretz for TouchArcade rated the game 3 and a half stars out of 5, stating that "I had fun so far in my trip through Chronology and I am looking forward to continuing my adventure. The game is a good grab for anyone looking to jump through time and solve a few puzzles."
Jorge Cano for Vandal rated the game 5.5/10, stating that "Chronology, with its couple of hours of duration, its lack of originality and how vulgar it is in its playable proposal, is going to have a very difficult time attracting anyone's attention, in a genre, that of adventures with platforms and puzzles, in which competition is increasingly fierce within the independent scene."
# Chrysotypus vittiferalis

Chrysotypus vittiferalis is a species of moth of the family Thyrididae first described by Max Gaede in 1917. It is found in Ghana and Tanzania.
The body of this species is red brown, and the underside of the thorax is whitish. The wings are yellow brown with a net of thick and thin red-brown lines and a wingspan of 35 mm.
# Holly Nixon

Holly Nixon (born 7 December 1993) is a British rower. She won the gold medal in the coxless four at the 2016 World Rowing Championships with Donna Etiebet, Fiona Gammond and Holly Norton.. She won a bronze medal at the 2017 World Rowing Championships in Sarasota, Florida, as part of the quadruple sculls with Bethany Bryan, Mathilda Hodgkins-Byrne and Jessica Leyden.
In 2021, she won a European bronze medal in the double sculls in Varese, Italy.
# Holly Munro

Holly Munro (born 22 July 1998) is a Welsh international field hockey player who plays as a defender for Wales and was in the Great Britain senior squad for the 2019 FIH Pro League. She made her international debut in 2022 against South Africa. She also appeared at the Commonwealth Games for Wales in 2022.
She plays club hockey in the Women's England Hockey League Premier Division for Clifton Robinsons.
Munro previously played for Surbiton and Uni of Birmingham.
She first played hockey for Richmond Hockey Club and then played for Surbiton.
She has a brother named Jack, who played in the 150th Open Qualifying for golf and went to St. Andrews University.