OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shrikhande graph

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Shrikhande graph is a graph discovered by S. S. Shrikhande in 1959. It is a strongly regular graph with 16 vertices and 48 edges, with each vertex having degree 6. Every pair of nodes has exactly two other neighbors in common, whether or not the pair of nodes is connected.

## Construction

The Shrikhande graph can be constructed as a Cayley graph. The vertex set is $\mathbb {Z} _{4}\times \mathbb {Z} _{4}$. Two vertices are adjacent if and only if the difference is in $\{\pm (1,0),\pm (0,1),\pm (1,1)\}$.

## Properties

In the Shrikhande graph, any two vertices I and J have two distinct neighbors in common (excluding the two vertices I and J themselves), which holds true whether or not I is adjacent to J. In other words, it is strongly regular and its parameters are: {16,6,2,2}, i.e., $\lambda =\mu =2$. This equality implies that the graph is associated with a symmetric BIBD. The Shrikhande graph shares these parameters with exactly one other graph, the 4×4 rook's graph, i.e., the line graph L(K$_{4,4}$) of the complete bipartite graph K$_{4,4}$. The latter graph is the only line graph L(K$_{n,n}$) for which the strong regularity parameters do not determine that graph uniquely but are shared with a different graph, namely the Shrikhande graph (which is not a rook's graph).
The Shrikhande graph is locally hexagonal; that is, the neighbors of each vertex form a cycle of six vertices. As with any locally cyclic graph, the Shrikhande graph is the 1-skeleton of a Whitney triangulation of some surface; in the case of the Shrikhande graph, this surface is a torus in which each vertex is surrounded by six triangles. Thus, the Shrikhande graph is a toroidal graph. The embedding forms a regular map in the torus, with 32 triangular faces. The skeleton of the dual of this map (as embedded in the torus) is the Dyck graph, a cubic symmetric graph.
The Shrikhande graph is not a distance-transitive graph. It is the smallest distance-regular graph that is not distance-transitive.
The automorphism group of the Shrikhande graph is of order 192. It acts transitively on the vertices, on the edges and on the arcs of the graph. Therefore, the Shrikhande graph is a symmetric graph.
The characteristic polynomial of the Shrikhande graph is : $(x-6)(x-2)^{6}(x+2)^{9}$. Therefore, the Shrikhande graph is an integral graph: its spectrum consists entirely of integers.
It has book thickness 4 and queue number 3.

## Gallery

* The Shrikhande graph is a toroidal graph.
* The chromatic number of the Shrikhande graph is 4.
* The chromatic index of the Shrikhande graph is 6.
* The Shrikhande graph drawn symmetrically.
* The Shrikhande graph is Hamiltonian.
# Shrikisan Laxminarayan Sarada

Shrikisan Laxminarayan Sarada (1893 – 12 January 1931) was an Indian freedom fighter, a revolutionary. British Government had imposed a "Shoot at sight" order under martial law in Solapur in 1930 to suppress the freedom movement. Shrikisan Sarada along with Mallappa Dhanshetty, Abdul Rasool Qurban Hussain, and Jagannath Bhagwan Shinde defied the martial law. The Government in order to quell the freedom movement sentenced all four to death.
# Joseph Tozer

Joseph Rose Tozer (1881 in Birmingham, Warwickshire – 1955) was a British actor.

## Musical theatre

* Houp La! (1916)

## Partial filmography

* The Brass Bottle (1914)
* A Park Lane Scandal (1915)
* The Answer (1916)
* The Merchant of Venice (1916)
* Burnt Wings (1916)
* Bars of Iron (1920)
* The Old Wives' Tale (1921)
* Gwyneth of the Welsh Hills (1921)
* The Scourge (1922)
* The Sporting Instinct (1922)
* The Pointing Finger (1922)
* The Greek Interpreter (1922)
* Diana of the Crossways (1922)
* The Passionate Adventure (1924)
* Zero (1928)
* Afterwards (1928)
* Cardinal Richelieu (1935)
* Clive of India (1935)
* Anna Karenina (1935)
* The Lady Escapes (1937)
# Joseph Khoury (bishop of Tyre)

Joseph Khoury (24 October 1919, in Bekassine, Lebanon – 5 February 1992) was a former Archeparch of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Tyre.

## Life

Joseph Khoury was on December 20, 1942, ordained to the priesthood. On April 21, 1956, he was simultaneously appointed Titular bishop of Ptolemais in Phoenicia dei Maroniti, Patriarchal Vicar and Auxiliary bishop in the Maronite Patriarchate of Antioch. His confirmation by the Holy See occurred on 4 May 1956 and Khoury on 29 June 1956 was consecrated bishop by Maronite Patriarch of Antioch Paul Peter Meouchi and his co-consecrators were Pietro Dib, Eparch of Cairo and Anthony Peter Khoraish, Titular bishop of Tarsus dei Maroniti. His appointment as bishop of Tyre was announced on December 11, 1959. As eparchy Tyre was raised in 1965 to the rank to Archeparchy and Khoury was also chosen Archbishop.
During his tenure, he participated in the four sessions of the Second Vatican Council and acted as co-consecrator in the episcopal ordinations of Chucrallah Harb, Eparch of Baalbek (Lebanon), Joseph Salamé, Archeparch of Aleppo (Syria) and Curiacos Moussess, Chaldean Catholic Bishop of Amadiya (Iraq).
Khoury died on February 5, 1992, at the age of 72.
# Sidney J. Kent

Sidney John Kent (July 29, 1854 – December 2, 1939) was a British-born American labor unionist and business executive.
Born in Lambeth in England, Kent emigrated to the United States in 1872, settling in Lincoln, Nebraska. There, he joined the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. He was elected as vice-president of the union in 1890, and then served on its executive board from 1891. In 1898, he became deputy commissioner of the Nebraska Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, and in 1900, he served as the American Federation of Labor's delegate to the British Trades Union Congress.
In the 1900s, Kent worked as a traveling agent, until he settled in Laramie, Wyoming. He became a finance company executive, and moved to Chicago. He retired to Altadena, California, where he died in 1939.
Kent's son, Sidney Raymond Kent, became the first president of 20th Century Fox.
# Joseph Longhurst

Joseph Longhurst (3 April 1874 – 27 July 1922) was a British landscape painter. He was one of the founding members of the Brighton Arts Club and exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1902 and 1922.

## Life and career

Longhurst was born in Brighton, the ninth of ten children of Henry Braddock Longhurst, the owner of Amber Ales Brewery. He was educated at St Aubyn House, Brighton.
He was honorary secretary of the first exhibition held by the Brighton Arts Club in 1903. His first painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1902 and he exhibited there a further six times. By 1906 he had moved to St John’s Wood Studios in Chelsea and in the years following he exhibited at The Black Frame Club, the Royal Institute of Oil Painters, the Royal Society of British Artists and the Col’drum Gallery; also, further afield, in the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool and Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
He married Cicely Ermyntrude Holmes (1890 - 1955) in 1914 and moved to Cranleigh in Surrey where their son was born in 1918. Longhurst taught for a while at Cranleigh School but suffered from illness, particularly after 1917, and died in Cranleigh Village Hospital aged 48 in 1922.
The artist W. Heath Robinson lived in Cranleigh at this time. In his autobiography My Line of Life, he wrote:
   At Cranleigh my friendship with the artist Joseph Longhurst, the landscape painter, began. It was destined to last only three or four years. When I knew him he was an invalid and unable to do much painting. But in his studio were works executed in happier days, which showed the light of genius. Some of our neighbours had beautiful paintings of his on their walls.
There are paintings by Longhurst in the Brighton Museum & Art Gallery (The Pilgrims’ Way), The Higgins Art Gallery & Museum at Bedford (A Summer Noon; The Downs at Lewes) and the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum (Distant View of Salisbury).

## Royal Academy

Longhurst exhibited ten paintings at the Royal Academy: 1902 – The Flight of a Storm; 1907 – Burlington House; Soliloquy; 1909 – A Northern Stronghold; 1911 – The Two Castles; Distant View of Bolton Castle in Wensleydale, Yorkshire; 1912 – The Raiders; Sussex from Surrey; 1920 – A Yorkshire River; 1922 – A Kentish Valley.
# Joseph Longford Haycock

Joseph Langford Haycock (April 1, 1850 – November 22, 1937) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Frontenac in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal-Patrons of Industry member from 1894 to 1898.
He was born in Lennox County, Canada West, the son of Frederick Haycock, who came from England in 1837. He was also an auctioneer. Haycock was reeve of Kingston Township for seven years. He was leader of the Patrons of Industry in the provincial legislature. He served as president of the Frontenac Agricultural Association. One of Joseph's sons, Alexander Wilkinson Haycock, became a member of the British parliament.
# Evgeny Vladimirovich Chetvergov

Evgeny Vladimirovich Chetvergov (Russian cyrillic: Евгений Владимирович Четвергов) alias Nujan Vidjaz (Erzya: Нуянь Видяз) (born Ardatovo, Mordovia, March 30, 1934) is an Erzya writer. He has written several books in Russian and Erzya. He is editor-in-chief of the journal Erzyan Mastor.

## Life

He studied agricultural science and worked as an agricultural engineer and as a professor at the Mordovian State University. He was one of the founders of the cultural club "Mastorava".

## Works

* Сиреневая луна (1989)
* Велень вайгельть (1992)
* Сырнень човалят (1995)
* Иень тюст (2003)
* Янгамо (2006)
* Эрзянь Масторонть седейсэ. Имена их бессмертны (2007)
* Где цветет чистодуш? (2009)
* Эрязденть арсезь (2010)
* Ванине (2011)
* Тесэ ды Тосо (2013)
* Финно-угры в русском языке: топонимо-этимологический словарь финно-язычных, угорских и селькупских слов, вошедших в лексику русского языка (2015)
* Поладкстомо (2016)
# Henk Barendregt

Hendrik Pieter (Henk) Barendregt (born 18 December 1947, Amsterdam) is a Dutch logician, known for his work in lambda calculus and type theory.

## Life and work

Barendregt studied mathematical logic at Utrecht University, obtaining his master's degree in 1968 and his PhD in 1971, both cum laude, under Dirk van Dalen and Georg Kreisel. After a postdoctoral position at Stanford University, he taught at Utrecht University.
Since 1986, Barendregt has taught at Radboud University Nijmegen, where he now holds the Chair of Foundations of Mathematics and Computer Science. His research group works on Constructive Interactive Mathematics. He is also adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, US. He has been a visiting scholar at Darmstadt, ETH Zürich, Siena, and Kyoto.
Barendregt was elected a member of Academia Europaea in 1992. In 1997 Barendregt was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. On 6 February 2003 Barendregt was awarded the Spinozapremie for 2002, the highest scientific award in the Netherlands. In 2002 he was knighted in the Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw.
Barendregt received an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2015.

## Selected publications

* H.P. Barendregt (1984). The Lambda Calculus — Its Syntax and Semantics. Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. Vol. 103. Amsterdam: North-Holland. ISBN 0-444-87508-5. — See Errata
* Y. Toyama; J.W. Klop; H.P. Barendregt (1989). "Termination for the Direct Sum of left-Linear Term Rewriting Systems (Preliminary Draft)". In Nachum Dershowitz (ed.). Rewriting Techniques and Applications, 3rd Int. Conf., RTA-89. LNCS. Vol. 355. Springer. pp. 477–491.
* H.P. Barendregt (2001). "Computing and Proving (invited lecture)". In Middeldorp, A. (ed.). Rewriting Techniques and Applications, 12th Int. Conf., RTA-01. LNCS. Vol. 2051. Springer.
* H.P. Barendregt, W. Dekkers and R. Statman (2013). Lambda Calculus with Types. Perspectives in Logic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-052-176-614-2.
* H.P. Barendregt and G. Manzonetto (2022). A Lambda Calculus Satellite. Mathematical Logic and Foundations. College Publications. ISBN 978-1-84890-415-6.
# First Presidency's Christmas Devotional

The First Presidency's Christmas Devotional (changed in 2014 from First Presidency Christmas Devotional) is an annual broadcast from the Conference Center of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City. It is generally held the evening of the first Sunday in December to begin the Christmas season. Traditionally the meeting has consisted of music from the Tabernacle Choir and Orchestra at Temple Square. In the past, the speakers consisted solely of members of the First Presidency, but has changed in more recent years. In 2015, one speaker was pulled from each of the Presidency of the Seventy, the Relief Society General Presidency, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and the First Presidency. Messages usually reflect the Christmas season and may focus on love, service, and Jesus Christ.
# Radun

Radun may refer to:
* Radun, Belarus (previously in Poland)
* Raduň, Czech Republic
* Raduń, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
** Raduń railway station
* Raduń, Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
* Raduń, Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
* Raduń, Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
# Dan School of Drama and Music

The Dan School of Drama and Music is part of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Queen's University at Kingston, in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
In 2015, the School of Music merged with the drama department to become the School of Music and Drama. The next year, the school received a $5-million donation from Canadian businessman and philanthropist Aubrey Dan and was renamed the Dan School of Drama and Music.
The current director of the School is Julia Brook, who succeeded Craig Walker in 2022. Past directors of the School of Music have included John Burge, István Anhalt, Ireneus Zuk, Alfred Fisher, Gordon E. Smith, and Margaret Walker.

## School of Music

The School of Music is housed on the main campus of the University within Harrison-LeCaine Hall on Bader Lane, named after Frank Ll. Harrison, the first professor of music at Queen's, and Hugh Le Caine, composer and electronic instrument builder.
Founded in 1969 as the Department of Music, students at the School can enroll in the Bachelor of Music (B. Mus) program, Bachelor of Arts (Music) program, or the Concurrent Education (Music) program.
# Barbara Emerson

Barbara Emerson is an English historian and biographer, known for her biography of King Leopold II of Belgium. She was also a fellow of St Hilda's College, Oxford.
Emerson received her degree in PPE from St Hilda's College, Oxford where she later taught.
She was highly critical of Adam Hochschild's book King Leopold's Ghost, rebuking it in The Guardian as "a very shoddy piece of work."

## Works

* The Black Prince (1976)
* Leopold II of the Belgians: King of Colonialism (1979)
* Paul Delvaux (1985)
* The First Cold War: Anglo-Russian Relations in the 19th Century, Hurst Publishing, 2024
# John H. Boyd (photographer)

John Harold Boyd, also referred to as John Boyd Jr. was a Canadian photographer for The Globe and Mail, based in Toronto, Ontario. He was also a founding member and early president of the Commercial and Press Photographers' Association of Canada.
Mike Filey, the author of a long-running column, in the Toronto Sun, on the history of Toronto, described Boyd as a technical innovator, who modified and tuned his cameras, which, incidentally, gave them a distinct appearance. Boyd was the first Canadian to transmit a photograph electronically. Filey described Boyd as a meticulous craftsman and record-keeper, whose logbooks donated to the City of Toronto archives, recorded the number, subject and date of over 100,000 negatives for photos he took.

## Early Training

John Boyd's father, John Boyd Sr. was an avid amateur photographer, who taught his son about photography beginning at an early age. Boyd Jr. then completed an apprenticeship at a commercial firm, before working as a freelance photographer for agricultural journals.

## The Globe and Mail

He was hired by the Globe as the newspapers first (and at that time, only) staff photographer in December 1922. Boyd Jr.'s first assignment at the Globe was photographing the streetcar tracks being laid in front of Union Station. The remained with the Globe when it merged with the Mail and Empire in 1936 to become The Globe and Mail. He remained at the Globe and Mail until his retirement in 1964.
According to Robert Landsale, as the newspaper's top photographer, Boyd Jr. covered many of the most tumultuous events in Canada's history, and was recognized as a professional who "would go to any lengths to get a shot". He was also an innovator and early adopter of evolving photographic technology. He was the first news photographer to use flashbulbs, the first to transmit a wirephoto using a portable transmitter. He was also the first news photographer to write his own captions, a skill learned from his father.
# Donald McCallum

Donald McCallum may refer to:
* Donald McCallum (footballer, born 1880), Scottish footballer
* Donald McCallum (footballer, born 1996), Scottish footballer
* Donald McCallum (engineer) (1922–2011), Scottish radar engineer and industrialist
# Doodia maxima

Doodia maxima (synonym Blechnum maximum), also known as the giant rasp fern, occurs in moist open forests in eastern Australia. It was considered to be a natural hybrid. Some sources place the species in the genus Blechnum, others, including the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), place it in Doodia.
# John Hirons

John W. Hirons (1876 – after 1905) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Small Heath.
Hirons was born in the Erdington district of Birmingham. He played local football before moving up to the Midland League with Walsall and in February 1903 joined Small Heath of the Second Division. He was signed as cover for regular winger Oakey Field, and made his debut on 21 February 1903 deputising for Field in a game at Burton United which Small Heath won 1–0. Hirons played twice more in the 1902–03 season, and played a further two games the following year in the First Division. Though a hard worker, it was felt he did not have the ability for top-level football, and he returned to Walsall in 1906.
# Donald R. Pierce

Donald R. Pierce (born April 13, 1937) is a retired U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockey in thoroughbred horse racing.
Based in California, Pierce earned his first win in 1954 and went on to become a leading jockey in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1967, he was voted the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award which honors a rider whose career and personal conduct exemplifies the very best example of participants in the sport of thoroughbred racing. Of this recognition by his peers, Pierce said "I've got the trophy sitting on my mantle and it's very important to me. Without a doubt, it ranks close to anything I ever achieved in racing. It's very, very special."
Pierce was a four-time winner of California's most prestigious race, the Santa Anita Handicap, and twice won the most important West Coast race for three-year-olds, the Santa Anita Derby. Out of five appearances in the Kentucky Derby, his best result came in 1980 edition when he rode Elmendorf Farm's Super Moment to a fourth-place finish. The 1979 Preakness Stakes was his only appearance in that race in which he finished fourth aboard Flying Paster.
Between 1969 and 1973, Pierce set a California stakes race record by winning five straight editions of the Los Angeles Handicap.
During his career, Don Pierce won riding titles at New York state's Saratoga Race Course and Belmont Park. After not riding at Del Mar for six years, he returned to compete there in 1966 and won the riding title. In addition, he led all jockeys in North America with 32 stakes wins.
Retired and living in Encinitas, not far from the Del Mar Racetrack. As of 2007, he was still involved in the industry, maintaining an ownership stake in at least one racehorse. In 2010 he was back to a familiar lifestyle, getting up in the middle of the night to get to work by 4:30 am at the Del Mar track to be part of the clocker crew.
In 2010, Don Pierce received racing's highest honor when he was voted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.
His brother, Larry Pierce, was also a jockey who rode on the West Coast. There, he was known for his success at race tracks in Washington state and in 2008 was inducted into the Washington Racing Hall of Fame.
# Donald R. Olander

Donald R. Olander is an emeritus professor of nuclear engineering and the James Fife Chair in Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.

## Biography

Olander received his A.B. from Columbia University in 1953 and B.S. in 1954. He then received his Sc.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He wrote his dissertation on the reprocessing of nuclear fuels using the solvent extraction method. He joined the Berkeley faculty in 1958 and moved to Berkeley's nuclear engineering department in 1961 until his retirement in 2008. His research has focused on the chemical aspects of nuclear materials.
Olander was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2000 "for research on nuclear materials including nuclear fuel element behavior in power reactors." He is a fellow of the American Nuclear Society.
# Donald Sanford

Donald Sanford may refer to:
* Donald Sanford (athlete) (born 1987), Israeli sprinter of American descent
* Donald S. Sanford (1918–2011), American television, radio and film screenwriter
# John Gray (mathematician)

John Gray, FRS (died 17 July 1769) was a British mathematician.
As a young man he taught mathematics at Marischal College, later Aberdeen University.
He wrote "A Treatise on Gunnery", dedicated to the Duke of Argyll and published by William Innys (London) in 1731.
In collaboration with Andrew Reid and others, he worked to produce a book of abridged Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society for 1720–1732; which was published by W. Innys and R. Manby in 1732.
In March 1732 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, his application citation having described him as being of the Navy Office (or Navy Board), who were responsible for the construction and maintenance of ships in the Royal Dockyards for the Royal Navy.
From 1764 to his death he was Rector of Marischal College. He died at his London home in 1769, having asked to be buried at Petersham next to his wife Elizabeth. He left estates in the West Indies to his nephews and 1,000 acres (400 ha) to Gray's Inn of London.
# John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken

John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (5 April 1511 – 23 November 1574) was a son of Count John Louis of Nassau-Saarbrücken and his second wife Catherine of Moers. He succeeded his childless brother Philip II in 1554 as Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken. He married Adelaide of Kronenkracht and Elisabeth Selz. However, his children predeceased him. When he died in 1574, Nassau-Saarbrücken fell to Nassau-Weilburg.
John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken House of NassauBorn: 5 April 1511 Died: 23 November 1574 :
| Preceded byPhilip II | Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken 1554-1574 | Succeeded byPhilip IVas Count of Nassau-Weilburg |
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# John Howard (MP for Faversham)

John Howard (1863 – 5 September 1911) was Conservative MP for Faversham. He was returned unopposed in 1900, but lost to the Liberals in 1906.
He was a major in the Royal East Kent Yeomanry.
He married in 1896 the Hon. Emily Violet, daughter of Carnegie Robert John Jervis, 3rd Viscount St Vincent and widow of William Hargrave Pawson of Shawdon; they had one son.

## Sources

* Craig, F.W.S. British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918
* Whitaker's Almanack, 1901 to 1907 editions
* Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
* This article about a Conservative Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom representing an English constituency and born in the 1860s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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