OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Treaty of Mount Dexter

The Treaty of Mount Dexter was signed between the United States and the Choctaws. The treaty was signed November 16, 1805. The 4,142,720-acre (16,765.0 km$^2$) area ceded was from the Natchez District to the Tombigbee Alabama River watershed, mostly in present-day Mississippi.

## Terms

The preamble begins with,
   THOMAS JEFFERSON, President of the United States of America, by James Robertson, of Tennessee, and Silas Dinsmoor, of New Hampshire, agent of the United States to the Chaktaws [Choctaw], commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States, on the one part, and the Mingoes, Chiefs and warriors of the Chaktaw nation of Indians, in council assembled, on the other part, have entered into the following agreement...
1. Cession to the United States. Reservation.
2. Consideration.
3. Payment to certain Indians for past services.
4. Claim of John M'Grew.
5. Boundaries.
6. A certain former grant confirmed.
7. When to take effect.

## Significance

This treaty conveyed large amounts of land in what is now southeastern Mississippi and southwestern Alabama, including much of the western portion of Clarke County, Alabama, to the United States.
In February, 1809, a survey was begun to establish the actual boundary lines between the United States and the Choctaw Nation. The United States contracted with Silas Dinsmoor and Levin Wailes for this survey.

## Signatories

The main signers included James Robertson, Silas Dinsmoor, Pukshunnubbee, Mingo Hoomastubbee, and Pushmataha.
# Alanizus

Alanizus is a genus in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae, the sole genus of the tribe Alanizini. This genus has a single species, Alanizus tortuosus, found in Argentina.
# Giovonnae Anderson

Giovonnae Anderson (formerly Giovonnae Dennis) is an American electrical engineer.

## Career

Anderson studied physics and electrical engineering at the University of California, Davis, earning her bachelor's degree in the former and her master's in the latter. In 1979 she became one of the first African-American women to earn a Ph.D. in electrical engineering, and one of the few at a primarily white institution rather than a historically black institution (HBCU).
Anderson has worked at Hewlett-Packard where she designed microwave test equipment; she is also an advocate for women and people of color in science and engineering. Her business Software Tailoring uses 3D body scans to provide patterns for tailoring and custom clothing design.
# International School of France

The International School of France, or Ermitage, is an international day and boarding school in Maisons-Laffitte, just outside Paris, France. The school was founded in 1941 by Anne-Marie Thommeret, a woman seeking to improve conditions of students during Nazi occupied France World War II. It offers an English bilingual education up to French Baccalaureate / International Baccalaureate (IB) level. This is a day school with 5- and 7-day boarding houses. In 2009, the school began offering the IB Diploma Programme. In 2018 the school was also authorised to offer the IB Middle Years Programme. The school is headed by Jim Doherty. Enrollment was 1500 students in 2023. Student ages range from 3⁠1/2⁠ (TPS) through 19 (Terminale, equivalent to Year 13 in Great Britain or grade 12 in the US). In September 2023 it was recognized in the Carfax's The Schools Index as one of the top 15 schools in Europe (excluding UK and Switzerland).

## Location

The school's campus stretches across multiple buildings in Maisons-Laffitte, a great part of them located in the historical park area. Some of the principal locations include:
* 46 avenue Eglé (Primary, IB section and offices)
* 24 avenue Eglé (French bilingual middle school)
* 18 rue des Côtes (French bilingual high school)

## Notable former students

* Rose Leslie
# 1960 Brownlow Medal

The 1960 Brownlow Medal was the 33rd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. John Schultz of the Footscray Football Club won the medal by polling twenty votes during the 1960 VFL season.

## Leading votegetters

| | Player | Votes |
| 1st | John Schultz (Footscray) | 20 |
| 2nd | Kevin Murray (Fitzroy) | 19 |
| 3rd | Laurie Dwyer (North Melbourne) | 18 |
| 4th | Wally Clark (Fitzroy) | 17 |
| 5th | John Beckwith (Melbourne) | 15 |
| 6th | John James (Carlton) | 12 |
| =7th | Graham Donaldson (Carlton) | 11 |
| =7th | Bill Goggin (Geelong) | 11 |
| =7th | Bob Skilton (South Melbourne) | 11 |
| =10th | John Birt (Essendon) | 10 |
| =10th | Brendan Edwards (Hawthorn) | 10 |
| =10th | Frank Johnson (South Melbourne) | 10 |
| =10th | Lance Oswald (St Kilda) | 10 |
# George Leman Tuthill

Sir George Leman Tuthill (1772–1835) was an English physician.

## Life

Born at Halesworth in Suffolk on 16 February 1772, he was the only son of John Tuthill, an attorney there, by his wife Sarah, only daughter of James Jermyn of the same town. He received his education at Bungay under Mr. Reeve, and on 3 June 1790 was admitted sizar at Caius College, Cambridge. He was scholar of the college from Michaelmas 1790 to Michaelmas 1796. He graduated B.A. in 1794, and was subsequently elected to present a university address to the king.
Visiting Paris with his wife, Tuthill was one of the British subjects detained by the French government because of the French Revolutionary Wars. After several years they were released when his wife appealed to the first consul. Tuthill then returned to Cambridge, proceeded M.A. in 1809, had a licence ad practicandum from the university dated 25 November 1812, and graduated M.D. in 1816. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1810, and was admitted an inceptor candidate of the Royal College of Physicians on 12 April 1813, a candidate on 30 September 1816, and a fellow on 30 September 1817.
Tuthill was Gulstonian lecturer in 1818, and censor in 1819 and 1830. He was knighted on 28 April 1820. He was physician to the Westminster Hospital and Bridewell and Bethlehem Hospitals, posts he held for the rest of his life. He was nominated to give the Harveian oration on 25 June 1835, but died first; that year, with Sir Henry Halford and William George Maton, he helped reform the Royal College of Physicians.
Tuthill purchased Cransford Hall of Cransford, Suffolk in 1832, upon his death the hall passed to his daughter Laurie Maria.
Tuthill died at his house in Cavendish Square, London on 7 April 1835, and was buried at St. Albans on the 14th of the same month. His library was sold by Sotheby's on 26 and 27 June 1835.

## Works

Tuthill was a member of the committee for the preparation of the Pharmacopœia Londinensis of 1824, and was responsible for the language of the work itself. He published an English version at the same time as the Latin original. He was also engaged on the Pharmacopœia of 1836, but died before it appeared. He wrote also Vindiciæ Medicæ, or a Defence of the College of Physicians, 1834.

## Family

Shortly after graduating, Tuthill married Maria, daughter of Richard Smith of Halesworth. There was a monument to his and his wife's memory at Cransford in Suffolk. He left an only daughter, Laura Maria, married to Thomas Borrett, a solicitor in London.
# Kyrgyzstan–Turkmenistan relations

The two central Asian countries have shared relations for centuries, having previously been part of the former Soviet Union. The relations between the two nations mainly include economic, diplomatic and cultural ties. Both Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan are Turkic nations with similar cuisines, languages and cultures.

## Diplomatic relations

Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Ashgabat and Turkmenistan has an embassy in Bishkek. The presidents of the two countries regularly visit each other regarding to strengthening bilateral connections between Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan. One of those visits happened on August 23, 2018. The Kyrgyz President visited Turkmenistan in November 2014 and the Turkmen President visited Bishkek in August 2015.

## Economic relations

In 2016, the trade turnover between Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan amounted to around $5.2 million which was 23.7% more compared to the statistics of last year. In 2014, the transactions between them also increased 46.3% (0.2% of total foreign trade) and it was a significant growth in comparison of the growth rate of 2013. In recent years, relations between the two countries have become more active both at the level of governments and businesses. Kyrgyzstan imports nuts, vegetable oil, polymers, propylene, fertilizers, raw sheep skins, and vegetables from Turkmenistan. In 2016, Turkmenistan has exported textiles worth $1.4 million to Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyzstan's main exported products to Turkmenistan included: electrical appliances, agricultural products and plastic products.
It is estimated that two Kyrgyz-Turkmen bilateral business related activities including 21 projects worth of $30 million according to the statistics of 2016 in Turkmenistan.
In Kyrgyzstan, 30 Kyrgyz-Turkmen JSCs have been registered starting from that year 11 of the total companies began to function.
In 2016, Kyrgyzstan first time exported approximately one thousand tons of beans to Turkmenistan.
Kyrgyzstan's suggestion of opening of Ashgabat—Bishkek—Ürümqi—Guangzhou flight anticipated to increase future economic ties between two nations.

## Transport cooperation

Kyrgyzstan has an interest to join the Iran–Oman–Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan international transport corridor and may become member of free trade zone.
# 3401 Vanphilos

3401 Vanphilos, provisional designation 1981 PA, is a stony, eccentric asteroid and sizeable Mars-crosser, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 August 1981, by and at Harvard's Oak Ridge Observatory (Agassiz Station) in Massachusetts, United States.

## Orbit and classification

Vanphilos orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.5–3.2 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,330 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.36 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic. In 1946, it was first identified as 1946 DA at the Finnish Turku Observatory, extending the body's observation arc by 35 years prior to its official discovery at Harvard.

## Physical characteristics

In the SMASS taxonomy, Vanphilos is characterized as a common S-type asteroid.

### Rotation period

In February and March 2008, three rotational lightcurves of Vanphilos were obtained from photometric observations by astronomers Petr Pravec, James W. Brinsfield and Robert Stephens. Light-curve analysis gave a well defined rotation period of 4.225 and 4.226 hours, respectively, with a change in brightness between 0.50 and 0.54 magnitude (U=3/3/3).
In August 2014, astronomer Brian Warner derived a concurring period of 4.227 hours with an amplitude of 0.62 magnitude from his observations taken at the Palmer Divide Station in Colorado (U=3). Light-curve plots were published on-line by the Ondřejov Observatory and the Center for Solar System Studies.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Vanphilos measures 7.02 and 7.10 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.377 and 0.31, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 10.30 kilometers, as the lower the body's albedo (reflectivity), the larger its diameter, at a constant absolute magnitude.

## Naming

This minor planet was named for Vanessa Hall and Philip Osborne, by astronomer G. V. William to celebrate their marriage on 3 August 1991. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 August 1991 (M.P.C. 18644).
# Triberg chess tournament

The Triberg chess tournament constitutes a series of chess tournaments, held in Triberg im Schwarzwald, Imperial Germany, during World War I.

## History

Eleven players from the Russian Empire, who participated in the interrupted Mannheim 1914 chess tournament, were interned in Rastatt, Germany, after the declaration of war against Russia on August 1, 1914. A few weeks later, on September 14, 17, and 29, 1914, four of them (Alekhine, Bogatyrchuk, Koppelman, Saburov) were freed and allowed to return home via Switzerland. A fifth player, Romanovsky was freed and went back to Petrograd in 1915, and a sixth one, Flamberg was allowed to return to Warsaw in 1916.
Eight tournaments were played by the internees, the first at Baden-Baden 1914 (won by Alexander Flamberg) and all the others in Triberg im Schwarzwald. Participation by the internees varied, but the tournaments were mostly won by Efim Bogoljubow.

## Participants

* Efim Bogoljubow Ukraine
* Alexander Flamberg Poland
* Boris Maljutin Russia
* Ilya Rabinovich Russia
* Peter Romanovsky Russia
* Alexey Selezniev Russia
* Samuil Weinstein Russia
* Hans Fahrni Switzerland
The final results:

## Results
### Triberg 1914/15

1. Bogoljubow, 2. Rabinovich, 3. Romanovsky, 4. Flamberg, 5. Selezniev, 6. Weinstein.

### Triberg 1915

1. Bogoljubow, 2. Rabinovich, 3. Flamberg, 4. Selezniev, 5. Romanovsky 6. Weinstein.

### Triberg 1915/16

1. Bogoljubow, 2. Rabinovich, 3. Selezniev.

### Triberg 1916

1. Rabinovich, 2-3. Bogoljubow and Selezniev, 4-5. Fahrni and Weinstein, 6. Maljutin.

### Triberg 1917

1-2. Selezniev and Rabinovich, 3. Bogoljubow, 4. Weinstein.

## Trivia

After the war, the Ukrainian master Bogoljubow remained in Triberg, where he married a local woman and spent most of the rest of his life in Germany (settling permanently in 1926).
# Georgenburg

Georgenburg (German for "George['s] Castle") may refer to:
* Georgenburg, German name of Jurbarkas, a city in Lithuania
* Georgenburg, German name of Mayovka, a rural locality in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia
# Ali Kılıç

Ali Kılıç or Kılıç Ali Bey (born as Suleiman Asaf, 1890; Constantinople – July 14, 1971; Istanbul) was a Turkish officer of the Ottoman Army and Turkish Army. He was also a politician of the Republic of Turkey. He married with Füreya Koral, one of the first Turkish ceramicists. He was appointed a judge of the Independence Tribunal in the mid 1920s. Football coach Gündüz Kılıç was his son.

## Medals and decorations

* Medal of Independence with Red-Green Ribbon
# Ira Wallach (writer)

Ira Wallach (January 22, 1913 – December 2, 1995) was an American screenwriter and novelist.
Born in New York City and raised in New Rochelle, Wallach served with the U.S. Army in the Pacific Theater of World War II, attaining the rank of sergeant. After briefly attending Cornell University, he went to Palestine and worked in the potash industry. He wrote the novel Muscle Beach and collaborated with Peter Ustinov on the screenplay for Hot Millions. Wallach died of pneumonia.
Filmography:
* Boys' Night Out (1962)
* The Wheeler Dealers (1963)
* Don't Make Waves (1967) (based on the 1959 novel Muscle Beach)
* Hot Millions (1968)
# Cimarron F.C.

The Cimarron Football Club, formerly known as Diliman FC was a professional football club based in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

## History

It was established in 2005 by the alumni of the University of the Philippines, Diliman, and is mainly composed of the former players of the UP Diliman Men's Varsity Football Team.
In recent years, Diliman FC has joined several tournaments including the 2nd season of the United Football League (UFL) where it place 2nd overall. The UFL is the country's most prestigious football competition. Other tournaments joined were the Republic Cup (Champion) in 2008 and the Laurel Cup (2nd place) in 2010.
Restructuring of the team and the establishment of a formal management group sparked the renewal of operations this year and the team's reentry into the UFL. This development sets up the club to achieve its long-term goal, which is to professionalize the organization.

### 2012 season

After a successful 2012 UFL season in which they finished 2nd to Pachanga F.C., almost nearly promoted to Division 1, the club announced that they have merged with Pachanga F.C. following the latter's selling to the group led by Makati Football School and Diliman F.C.

## Honors
### Domestic competitions

* United Football League Division 2
      * Runners-up (1): 2012
# Avenue General de Gaulle

Avenue Général de Gaulle is a seaside, palm-lined street in Beirut, Lebanon. The avenue, which was named in honor of the French general and president Charles de Gaulle, forms with Avenue de Paris the Corniche Beirut promenade. The avenue runs north-south along the Mediterranean coast, from the Manara lighthouse where it connects to Avenue de Paris, skirting around the cliffs of Raouché and the Pigeons' Rocks, down to Boulevard Saeb Salam where it connects to Avenue Rafic Hariri at Ramlet al-Baida beach.
The historic Beirut Carlton, which was considered one of the most luxurious hotels in the city in pre-war Beirut, is located on the avenue. A proposal to build on Avenue Général de Gaulle a new 250-room Ritz-Carlton, designed by Chicago-based architects Perkins and Will, was revealed in 2008.
The avenue is also home to the Bain Militaire and the Mövenpick Hotel along with other hotels.
# 2005 Kazakhstan Hockey Cup

The 2005 Kazakhstan Hockey Cup was the 4th edition of the Kazakhstan Hockey Cup, the national ice hockey cup competition in Kazakhstan. Six teams participated and Kazakhmys Karagandy won its 1st Cup.

## Results

| | GP | W | T | L | GF:GA | Pts |
| Kazakhmys Karagandy | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 24:06 | 9 |
| Kazzinc-Torpedo | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 14:08 | 8 |
| Gornyak Rudny | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 19:15 | 6 |
| Barys Astana | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 11:15 | 5 |
| Yertis Pavlodar | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 06:18 | 2 |
| Yenbek Almaty | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 09:21 | 0 |
# 340 Eduarda

340 Eduarda is a main belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 25 September 1892 in Heidelberg. It was named after German banker and amateur astronomer Heinrich Eduard von Lade.
Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Oakley Observatory in Terre Haute, Indiana, during 2006 gave a light curve with a period of 8.04 ± 0.02 hours and a brightness variation of 0.25 ± 0.03 in magnitude.
# Alastair Bressington

Alastair Nigel Bressington (born 28 November 1979) is a former English cricketer and rugby union player. He was a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler. Bressington was born in Bristol, and he was educated at University of Wales Institute, Cardiff.

## Cricket career

Bressington played for Gloucestershire between 2000 and 2004, participating extensively in Minor Counties trophy and Second XI Championship matches for the team from 1998 to 2004, and playing in the Second XI trophy, making several appearances in the group stages of the competition between 1999 and 2004.
Bressington also participated in nine first-class and nine List A matches for the county, averaging 41.66 and 24.00 with the bat and 34.35 and 37.50 with the ball respectively.
In August 2004 Bressington was called up as twelfth man for England. Upon Graham Thorpe breaking his finger, he was called upon to field for 74 overs and even caught West Indian wicket-keeper Carlton Baugh off the bowling of Steve Harmison.

## Rugby union career

Bressington was released from Gloucestershire in 2004, whereupon he decided to concentrate more on rugby union. He joined Stourbridge RFC, where his brother Nathan had played the season before on loan and had eclipsed the club's record for most tries in a season. In the 2006–07 season, Alastair surpassed his sibling's record of seventeen tries in one season with nineteen of his own.
Bressington also has the distinction of scoring the most points for Stourbridge in a single game, beating his own record of 31 with 35 against Westcombe Park on 25 October 2008. He is currently second on the club's list of all-time league points scorers, behind Ben Harvey.
Despite having played most of his rugby union career on the right-wing, Bressington is equally adept at full-back which he increasingly proved at Stourton Park over the past few seasons. With a strike-rate of 78%, he was Stourbridge's first-choice goalkicker also.
In August 2009, he signed for Stourbridge's National League 1 rivals; Cinderford.
Bressington currently teaches at The King's School, Gloucester, where he is responsible for organising hockey, cricket and rugby union.
Bressington now coaches the Painswick RFC 1st XV squad in Stroud, Gloucestershire.

## Family

Alistair's brother Nathan Bressington played List-A cricket for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, where he played in the same team as Nathan in two of his appearances for the board.
# Ira Wallach

Ira Wallach may refer to:
* Ira Wallach (writer) (1913–1995), American screenwriter and novelist
* Ira D. Wallach (1909–2007), American businessman and philanthropist
# Cisthene striata

Cisthene striata, the striated lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Rodrigues Ottolengui in 1898. It is found in the US states of Maryland, Colorado, Georgia and Florida.
The wingspan is about 17 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing year round in Florida.
# Elena Kutorgienė

Elena Kutorgienė (née Buivydaitė, 1888 – 1963) was a Lithuanian physician who resisted the Nazi occupation of Lithuania during World War II. Kutorgienė and her son took Jewish children out of the Kovno Ghetto and placed them in gentiles' homes to save them from genocide. She is recognized as Righteous Among the Nations.

## Biography

Elena Kutorgienė was born Elena Buivydaitė in 1888. She obtained her medical degree from Moscow State University and moved to Kaunas, Lithuania for work. Kutorgienė specialized in ophthalmology. She began her career at a local Jewish health organization which provided healthcare to impoverished Jews.
From 1941 to 1945, Elena Kutorgienė and her son, Viktoras Kutorga, resisted the Nazi occupation of Lithuania. Kutorgienė hid Jews in her office and her home. She rescued Jewish children from the Kovno Ghetto by hiding them in her home, obtaining false identity papers for them, and placing them in the homes of gentiles. She also brought food into the ghetto. One of the children she helped was Sulamith Gordon, a 14-year-old girl. With Kutorgienė's help, Gordon found work as a live-in maid in a goyische woman's home. Gordon reunited with her father after the war ended. Kutorgienė also tried to persuade other Lithuanian intellectuals to protect their Jewish neighbors and colleagues.
Kutorgienė kept a diary from June 23, 1941, to December 31, 1941. She started the diary a day after Operation Barbarossa, the Nazi invasion of Soviet territories, began. Her diary is valuable to historians because it gives a first-person account of life in Kaunas under Nazi occupation. She wrote of atrocities against the Kaunas Jews, her own work, and of Lithuanian attitudes toward Nazi occupation. She also wrote about the conditions Soviet POWs faced. They were starved and forced to work as slave labor.
In her diary, Kutorgienė wrote, "Lithuania is really of one mind in its hatred of the Jews." Many Lithuanian gentiles were complicit in Nazi atrocities against Jews. For example, Lithuanian civilians and German soldiers alike participated in the Lietūkis garage massacre, part of the Kaunas Pogrom. She received death threats for helping Jewish people.
Elena Kutorgienė also purchased weapons for resistance fighters in the Kovno Ghetto and sent news of the occupation to the USA. She worked with poet and resistance fighter Chaim Yellin; she managed to save his diary.
Kutorgienė died in 1963 and was recognized as Righteous Among the Nations in 1982.
# Avenue France

Avenue France is a shopping mall in Suwon and Seongnam, South Korea.