OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spaces (social network)

Spaces is a Russian social network service that targets mobile phone users.

## History

The website was launched in 2006.
In 2009, it was ranked 7th on Opera's top ten visited social networking sites.
Konstantin Vladimirovich Rak, who was sued by Epic Games for allegedly creating cheats to Fortnite, was a user of the service.
Currently, the site is going through not very good times of blocking in Russia, frequent changes of site addresses and constant DDOSS attacks. In 2022, the social network changed 7 domain names, due to tightening Internet censorship and frequent blocking in Russia.
# Speed skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Women's 1500 metres

The women's 1500 metres in speed skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics took place on January 31, at the Eisschnellaufbahn.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:
| World record | Inga Artamonova (URS) | 2:19.0 | Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union | 27 January 1962 |
| Olympic record | Lidia Skoblikova (URS) | 2:25.2 | Squaw Valley, United States | 21 February 1960 |
The following new Olympic record was set.
| Date | Athlete | Time | OR | WR |
| 31 January | Lidia Skoblikova (URS) | 2:22.6 | OR | |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| | Lidiya Skoblikova | Soviet Union | 2:22.6 | OR |
| | Kaija Mustonen | Finland | 2:25.5 |
| | Berta Kolokoltseva | Soviet Union | 2:27.1 |
| 4 | Kim Song-soon | North Korea | 2:27.7 |
| 5 | Helga Haase | United Team of Germany | 2:28.6 |
| 6 | Christina Lindblom-Scherling | Sweden | 2:29.4 |
| 7 | Valentina Stenina | Soviet Union | 2:29.9 |
| 8 | Kaija-Liisa Keskivitikka | Finland | 2:30.0 |
| 9 | Han Pil-Hwa | North Korea | 2:30.1 |
| 10 | Hatsue Nagakubo-Takamizawa | Japan | 2:30.9 |
| 11 | Gunilla Jacobsson | Sweden | 2:31.9 |
| 12 | Inger Eriksson | Sweden | 2:32.0 |
| 13 | Doreen McCannell | Canada | 2:32.7 |
| 14 | Yasuko Takano | Japan | 2:33.1 |
| 15 | Judy Morstein | United States | 2:33.3 |
| 16 | Willy de Beer | Netherlands | 2:34.0 |
| 16 | Doreen Ryan | Canada | 2:34.0 |
| 18 | Kaneko Takahashi | Japan | 2:34.6 |
| 19 | Mary Lawler | United States | 2:34.9 |
| 20 | Kornélia Ihász | Hungary | 2:35.1 |
| 21 | Inge Lieckfeldt | United Team of Germany | 2:36.2 |
| 22 | Françoise Lucas | France | 2:36.4 |
| 22 | Adelajda Mroske | Poland | 2:36.4 |
| 24 | Jan Smith | United States | 2:37.8 |
| 25 | Helena Pilejczyk | Poland | 2:38.3 |
| 26 | Elwira Seroczyńska | Poland | 2:39.3 |
| 27 | Kim Gwi-jin | South Korea | 2:39.7 |
| 28 | Erika Heinicke | United Team of Germany | 2:40.4 |
| 29 | Jarmila Šťastná | Czechoslovakia | 2:42.9 |
| 30 | An Sen-za | North Korea | 2:44.7 |
# Speed skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Women's 500 metres

The women's 500 metres in speed skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics took place on 30 January, at the Eisschnellaufbahn.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:
| World record | Inga Artamonova (URS) | 44.9 | Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union | 27 January 1962 |
| Olympic record | Helga Haase (EUA) | 45.9 | Squaw Valley, United States | 20 February 1960 |
The following new Olympic record was set.
| Date | Athlete | Time | OR | WR |
| 30 January | Lidiya Skoblikova (URS) | 45.0 | OR | |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Notes |
| | Lidiya Skoblikova | Soviet Union | 45.0 | OR |
| | Irina Yegorova | Soviet Union | 45.4 |
| | Tatyana Sidorova | Soviet Union | 45.5 |
| 4 | Jeanne Ashworth | United States | 46.2 |
| 4 | Jan Smith | United States | 46.2 |
| 6 | Gunilla Jacobsson | Sweden | 46.5 |
| 7 | Mary Lawler | United States | 46.6 |
| 8 | Helga Haase | United Team of Germany | 47.2 |
| 9 | Inger Eriksson | Sweden | 47.3 |
| 10 | Doreen Ryan | Canada | 47.7 |
| 11 | Christina Lindblom-Scherling | Sweden | 47.8 |
| 12 | Hatsue Nagakubo-Takamizawa | Japan | 47.9 |
| 13 | Doreen McCannell | Canada | 48.0 |
| 13 | Kaija Mustonen | Finland | 48.0 |
| 15 | Ryoo Choon-za | North Korea | 48.4 |
| 16 | Kaija-Liisa Keskivitikka | Finland | 48.8 |
| 16 | Elwira Seroczyńska | Poland | 48.8 |
| 18 | Françoise Lucas | France | 48.9 |
| 19 | Yasuko Takano | Japan | 49.3 |
| 20 | Kim Hye-suk | South Korea | 49.6 |
| 21 | Brigitte Reichert | United Team of Germany | 49.8 |
| 22 | Adelajda Mroske | Poland | 49.9 |
| 23 | Helena Pilejczyk | Poland | 50.1 |
| 24 | Kaneko Takahashi | Japan | 50.5 |
| 25 | Sigrit Behrenz | United Team of Germany | 50.9 |
| 25 | Kornélia Ihász | Hungary | 50.9 |
| 27 | Jarmila Šťastná | Czechoslovakia | 52.0 |
| 28 | Han Pil-Hwa | North Korea | 58.5 |
# Space Warrior (board game)

Space Warrior is a 1980 board game published by Argon Games.

## Gameplay

Space Warrior is a science fiction game of combat where players can either be a boarding party or play as the crew defending their ship.

## Reception

Jerry Epperson reviewed Space Warrior in The Space Gamer No. 38. Epperson commented that "Space Warrior could have used a little more work in the playtest and editing. If you don not like simple 'move-in-kill-it-and-move-on' games, it is not for you. I would suggest Snapshot as a better alternative."
# Kalonymus Haberkasten

Kalonymus Haberkasten was a rabbi and Talmudist in sixteenth century Poland. He is well known as the rosh yeshiva of many great rabbis including Rabbi Solomon Luria, who married his daughter Lipka.
Haberkasten was rosh yeshiva in Lviv, and was later the first rabbi of the city of Ostroh, Volhynia. He left Ostroh to assume the position of rosh yeshiva in Brest and Luria succeeded him in Ostroh. Haberkasten then went to Eretz Yisroel/Ottoman Syria, in about 1560.
Haberkasten was also a Kabbalist and was known to have made the acquaintance of the great Kabbalists in the Holy Land, including Rabbi Chaim Vital.
# Spathosternum prasiniferum

Spathosternum prasiniferum is a species of short-horned grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Indomalaya.

## Subspecies

These subspecies belong to the species Spathosternum prasiniferum:
* Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker, 1871)
* Spathosternum prasiniferum sinense Uvarov, 1931
* Spathosternum prasiniferum xizangensis Yin, 1982
* Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanense Wei & Zheng, 2005

## Description

* Colour: Generally greenish in fresh material; a broad characteristic black band running from behind eyes to pronotum along lateral carinae; tegmina light brown with longitudinal central pale marking; wings hyaline, clouded towards apex; hind femur greenish or rufotestaceous; hind tibia green.
* Head: Convex; fastigium rounded with lateral carinulae slightly raised, more pronounced in males; foveolae obsolete; weak median carina extending over vertex; frontal ridge narrow, parallel sided, sulcated throughout; antenna 21 segmented, shorter than head and pronotum taken together.
* Mesosoma: Pronotum flat, tricarinate, three sulci present, median carina traversed only by hind sulci; prozona almost equal to metazona; posterior margin of pronotum angulated; prosternal process antero-posteriorly compressed, bilobed, inclined backwards, base narrower; mesosternal lobes separate; metasternal lobes contiguous; hind tibia long, hardly dilated, 10-11 spines apart from apical one.
* Metasoma: Cerci short, cylindrical; supra-anal plate blunt with longitudinal groove.
# Spathula

Spathula is a genus of dugesiid triclad. Its species are found in Australia and New Zealand.
Until 1977, Spathula was ranked as a subgenus of Dugesia. The name of the genus derives from the Latin spathula, meaning "broad, flat piece".

## Description

Specimens of this genus have a triangular head. Along with this, the genus was originally defined as planarians with "one atrium (undivided) around the penis, into which opens the bursa stalk" and numerous testes.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Spathula
* Spathula agelaea Hay & Ball, 1979
* Spathula alba Allison, 1997
* Spathula camara Ball, 1977
* Spathula dittae Ball & Tran, 1979
* Spathula foeni Ball, 1977
* Spathula fontinalis (Nurse, 1950)
* Spathula gourbaultae Ball, 1977
* Spathula limicola (Nurse, 1950)
* Spathula miserabile Sluys & Grant, 2006
* Spathula musculosa Sluys & Grant, 2006
* Spathula neara Ball, 1977
* Spathula ochyra Ball & Tran, 1979
* Spathula schauinslandi (Neppi, 1904)
* Spathula simplex Sluys & Grant, 2006
* Spathula truculenta Ball, 1977
* Spathula trunculata Ball, 1977
* Spathula tryssa Ball, 1977
# Spathularia

Spathularia is a genus of fungi in the family Cudoniaceae. Species in the genus are found in coniferous forests around the bases of conifers or near rotting logs. The genus name is Latin for 'broad sword'.

## Spathularia flavida

Spathularia flavida, like other members of the family Cudoniaceae, is distinguished by having long, needle-like spores. A common name for Spathularia flavida is yellow Earth tongue. The spores are tightly packed side by side in the asci. The fruit body of S. flavida is a light yellowish-brown color and rarely of a brown color. The stipe grows to about eight centimeters in length and one centimeter in girth, and the flattened head grows on the sides of the stipe. It has a fairly smooth head and stipe, and has no odor. Several specimens were recovered in two expeditions to Sichuan Province, China, in 1997 and 1998. The habitat ranges across continents, mainly the coniferous forests of the United States and Europe. It can be found near the bases of coniferous trees in ring shaped clusters; however, sightings are rare and infrequent.

## Spathularia neesii

Spathularia neesii is similar to S. flavida' it is roughly the same size and shape, up to 8 centimeters in length and 1 centimeter in stipe width. Their colors are also similar–both are of a pale yellow but S. neesii tends to have a pale brown, tan, color, unlike the yellow of S. flavida. When dried both specimens look identical and is almost impossible to tell a difference with the naked eye. The distinguishing feature of S. neesii is the spores that measure 60 to 80 mic. long, around 20 mic. longer than that of S. flavida.
# Sphaerularia vespae

Sphaerularia vespae is an endoparasitic nematode that infects the Japanese yellow hornet, Vespa simillima. It invades and resides in the gaster (abdomen) of female hornets where it grows and develops. Because S. vespae sterilizes its host, it is also known as a parasitic castrator. After S. bombi, it is the second recognized species of the genus Sphaerularia.

## Diagnosis

Sphaerularia vespae is characterized by the round, finger-like tip tail of females and the conspicuous male bursa. These features are used to distinguish S. vespae from S. bombi. In addition, the square head shape of parasitic juveniles also distinguishes S. vespae from S. bombi, which have a more round, dome-shaped head.

## Distribution

S. vespae has been found at several sites in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan (Hitsujigaoka, Mount Moiwa and Shiraikawa Sapporo), and in Nishi-Nopporo, Ebetsu, Hokkaido.

## Life cycle

S. vespae has a similar life cycle to that of S. bombi. Juveniles of S. vespae are passed out in the feces of the host and deposited in the soil. There, the juveniles grow and develop. Later, fertilized adult females infect healthy hornet queens that settle in the soil for hibernation. When these newly infected queens emerge from hibernation they are now carrying adult S. vespae in their abdomen. In the spring, these parasitized queens display behavior that is inappropriate to the time of the year. Normally, in the fall, healthy queen hornets visit various nooks and crannies, such as decayed logs in the forest, to find a spot to hibernate. When the queen finds a suitable site, she lines it with plant fibers that serve as nesting material. However, queen hornets that have been infected by S. vespae have become sterilized due to their undeveloped ovaries and start visiting decaying logs much earlier in the year, during early to mid-summer. Parasitized queen hornets never dig or gather nesting materials when they land at different locations. Instead, they fly from one potential hibernation site to another, each time dropping off a load of S. vespae juveniles. Once deposited in the soil, these juveniles wait for new hosts that settle in for hibernation in the fall and the cycle repeats itself.
# Sphagemacrurus

Sphagemacrurus is a genus of rattails.

## Species

There are currently six recognized species in this genus:
* Sphagemacrurus decimalis (C. H. Gilbert & C. L. Hubbs, 1920)
* Sphagemacrurus gibber (C. H. Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)
* Sphagemacrurus grenadae (A. E. Parr, 1946) (Pugnose grenadier)
* Sphagemacrurus hirundo (Collett, 1896) (Swallow grenadier)
* Sphagemacrurus pumiliceps (Alcock, 1894) (Dwarf whiptail)
* Sphagemacrurus richardi (M. C. W. Weber, 1913) (Richard's whiptail)
# Kamini Damini

Kamini Damini is an Indian television drama series which premiered on 27 December 2004 on Sahara One. The show replaced Malini Iyer. The show ended in 2005.

## Plot

The story revolves around the life of two twin sisters, Kamini and Damini, who get separated in their youth but later reunite several years later. Damini then replaces her sister to solve her problems and protect her from family members who torture her.

## Cast

* Hema Malini as
** Kamini
** Damini
* Pankaj Dheer as Damini's Husband
* Anang Desai
* Shashi Sharma
* Dharmesh Tiwari
* Rajesh Puri
* Sudesh Berry
* Nasirr Khan
* Hrishikesh Pandey as Vijay, Damini's son
* Mazher Sayed as Damini's son
* Vishal Watwani as Damini's son
* Ekta Sharma as Damini's Daughter-in-law
* Chitrapama Banerjee as Damini's Daughter-in-law
# Paul Wigley

Paul Wigley FLSW is professor of animal microbial ecosystems at the University of Bristol. Born in Neath and growing up in Cwmparc, Rhondda, he studied immunology at King's College London and completed a PhD in molecular microbiology with the Open University. After postdoctoral work at the Institute for Animal Health he worked at University of Liverpool 2004–2022, developing a research programmes in infection and immunity of bacterial infections of chickens (Salmonella] Campylobacter'), poultry health in developing countries and the chicken intestinal microbiome.
He joined the University of Bristol in 2022.
He was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales in 2022.
# Freddie Owen

Frederick 'Freddie' Gerard Owen (born 25 September 1985) is an English former first-class cricketer.
Owen was born at Chester in September 1985. He was educated at King's School, Chester before going up to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he played first-class cricket for Cambridge University from 2006–10, making four appearances against Oxford University in The University Match. He scored 116 runs in his four matches against Oxford, averaging 16.57 and making a high score of 42. In addition to playing for Cambridge University, he also made a single first-class appearance for Cambridge UCCE against Warwickshire at Fenner's in 2008, recording a half century in the match with a score of exactly 50.
# Castello Scammacca

37°36′10″N 15°09′51″E﻿ / ﻿37.60278°N 15.16417°E﻿ / 37.60278; 15.16417 The Castello Scammacca, also known as the Castello Pennisi di Floristella, is a 19th-century villa-like palace, built to resemble anachronistically a Gothic-style castle with crenellated rooflines, located on piazza Agostino Pennisi #11 (between Via dell'Agrumicoltura and Via San Girolamo), in a large plot of land in the outskirts of Acireale, Sicily, Italy. The building is privately owned, but generally unoccupied.
The house is named after the original owners of the terrain, the barons of Scammacca. The palace was commissioned in the late 19th century by the Baron Agostino Pennisi di Floristella; the design was by the architect Giuseppe Patricolo. Work was generally complete by 1882. Of note, the private chapel was frescoed in 1905 by Giuseppe Sciuti. The villa was requisitioned at the start of World War II by the German army. Allied bombardment failed to damage it significantly. With the allied occupation of Sicily, the castle was occupied by the British army.
# Doug Petersen

Doug Petersen may refer to:
* Douglas W. Petersen (1948–2014), American politician in Massachusetts
* Doug Petersen (Canadian football) (born 1969), Canadian football defensive lineman
# Filip Šimetin Šegvić

Filip Šimetin Šegvić (born 11 February 1986) is a Croatian historian and teaching assistant at the University of Zagreb's Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.

## Biography

Filip Šimetin Šegvić was born on February 11, 1986, in Zagreb, Croatia. He graduated from Classical Gymnasium in Zagreb.
He graduated history from the University of Zagreb. During his education he was awarded Rector's Award in 2007 and Franjo Marković Award. In 2012 he took the post-graduate study of the Modern and Contemporary Croatian History in European and World Context and is currently writing a thesis on cultural politics in Croatia-Slavonia during the reign of Count Károly Khuen-Héderváry.

## Career and work

Filip Šimetin Šegvić has published various scientific papers and articles regarding modern history in Croatian and international journals. In 2014 he authored the book Patriotizam i bunt: Franjo Josip I. u Zagrebu 1895. godine on the royal visit of Emperor Francis Joseph to Zagreb. He also co-edited and authored several booklets with interviews and articles of various international historians. He participated on numerous International conferences and round tables in Croatia and abroad (Austria, Czech Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina).
From 2006 to 2014 he was editor and editor-in-chief (2009-2011) of the historical journal Pro tempore.
Šegvić specializes in 19th century history of Croatia, modern history of Austria and the history of the Habsburg monarchy especially founded on new cultural history, social history and intellectual history approaches. He is also researching on the history of historiography and theory. He is a member of the Centre for Comparative Historical and Intercultural Studies at the University of Zagreb.
# Edith Dobie

Edith Dobie (10 February 1887 – 24 April 1975) was an American historian of Great Britain.

## Life

Edith Dobie was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania on 10 February 1887. She finished high school in 1903 and then taught school, including in the Bradford Public Schools. She was awarded her A.B. from Syracuse University in 1914, becoming an instructor in history at Cortland Teachers College. Four years later Dobie was a history instructor at Westfield State Teachers College, in Westfield, Massachusetts, and in 1920 she became a history instructor at the New Jersey State Normal School in Trenton. In 1922 Dobie received an M.A. from the University of Chicago and became an associate professor of history at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia. Four years later, she earned her Ph.D. from Leland Stanford Junior University. In 1926 Dobie was hired as an instructor in history at the University of Washington and remained there until her retirement as a full professor in 1957. That same year she died in Seattle, Washington, on 24 April.

## Publications

In 1927 Dobie published The Political Career of Stephen Mallory White: A Study of Party Activities Under the Convention System and she followed that with Problems in International Understanding in 1928. She contributed to If Men Want Peace in 1946 and wrote The Historiography of the British Empire-Commonwealth twenty years later and Malta’s Road to Independence in 1967.
# 15258 Alfilipenko

15258 Alfilipenko, provisional designation 1990 RN$_{17}$, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 September 1990, by Russian–Ukraininan astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Russian civil engineer Aleksandr Filipenko.

## Orbit and classification

Alfilipenko orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,132 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. No precoveries were taken. The asteroid's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation.

## Physical characteristics
### Lightcurves

A rotational lightcurve of Alfilipenko was obtained from photometric observations made at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory in October 2013. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.3655 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Alfilipenko measures 12.1 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.084, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 11.3 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.46.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honour of Russian civil engineer Aleksandr Vasil'evich Filipenko (born 1950) from Khanty-Mansiysk, Siberia. He is the chairman of a charitable foundation for the memory of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov (1673–1729), after whom the minor planet 3889 Menshikov is named. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 13 July 2004 (M.P.C. 52323).
# Kaiser Wilhelm

Kaiser Wilhelm is a common reference to two German emperors:
* Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1797–1888)
* Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859–1941)
Kaiser Wilhelm may also refer to:
* Kaiser Wilhelm (baseball) (1874–1936), early 20th century baseball pitcher
* Kaiser Wilhelm Society, a German entity
* Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, a memorial church for Wilhelm I
* Kaiser-Wilhelm-Brücke, a bridge in Wilhelmshaven
* Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, a part of New Guinea
# François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche

François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche (14 July 1733 – 18 May 1814) briefly commanded a French army during the French Revolutionary Wars. He served in the French Royal Army as a cavalryman. In 1792 he was raised to the rank of general officer and fought at Valmy and Jemappes. The following year he led his troops at Neerwinden, was promoted to general of division and appointed to lead the Army of the North. Within three weeks he was defeated at Famars and resigned his army command. Soon afterward, he was denounced by the Revolutionary authorities and sacked, but he was lucky to escape the guillotine. A young Michel Ney served as his aide de camp. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 5.
# Berliner griechische Urkunden

BGU or Berliner griechische Urkunden (commenced in 1895) is an ongoing publishing program of Greek documents, primarily Greek papyri by the Berlin State Museums, primarily from the papyrus collection of the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. The project was originally entitled Ägyptische Urkunden aus den Königlichen Museen zu Berlin; Griechische Urkunden (Royal Museums) but then changed the title to Staatlichen Museen when the Museums' status changed. The term "papyrologist" itself was coined in connection with the establishment of the BGU project. The founding editors were Emil Seckel and Wilhelm Schubart.
# Fred Potts (footballer)

Robert Frederick Potts (born 1893) was an English professional footballer who played as a right back.

## Career

Born in Congleton, Potts played for Bacup Borough, Bradford City and Congleton Town. For Bradford City, he made 136 appearances in the Football League; he also made 11 FA Cup appearances.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903–1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.