OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crystal Springs hot springs

Crystal Springs hot springs is a system of geothermal springs and seeps near Ash Springs, located at the site of a ghost town, Crystal Springs, Nevada. Several marshes and springs are located along the White River.

## Location

The spring area is located off the Extraterrestrial Highway in a remote area of the Nevada high desert near Nellis Air Force Base. There is a large soaking pool fed by the spring water. GPS coordinates are N 37 31.920 W 115 13.980 The nearly ghost town of Crystal Springs is located at the Nevada Historical Marker 205 (Crystal Springs), in the Pahranagat Valley region of Lincoln County, Nevada. Crystal Spring area was major site for stopovers on the alternate route of the Mormon trail, and later became a stagecoach stop and the first Lincoln County seat.

## Water profile

The hot mineral water emerges from the ground at 90°F/32°C. Water spraying from the irrigation pipe that is channeled into the soaking pool is 81°F. A rare species of freshwater snail lives in the warm spring water, the Crystal Spring Pyrgulopsis crystalis.
# Cryptocellus goodnighti

Cryptocellus goodnighti is an arachnid species in the genus Cryptocellus. It occurs in Costa Rica.
# Irpiciporus

Irpiciporus is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Central Asia and Northern America.
Species:
* Irpiciporus japonicus Nohara
* Irpiciporus litschaueri (Lohwag) Zmitr.
* Irpiciporus tanakae Nohara
# Crézilles

Crézilles (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# Crêpe paper

Crêpe paper is thin, textured, and often colorful decorative paper used in paper craft. It is created by adhering wet tissue paper to the cylinder of a Yankee dryer and then scraping it off with a blade once dry. This process creates gathers in the paper, giving it a crinkly texture like that of crêpe. This creasing process is called creping or crêping.

## Production

Paper that is creped is produced on a paper machine that has a single large steam-heated drying cylinder (yankee) fitted with a hot-air hood. The raw material is paper pulp. The Yankee cylinder is sprayed with adhesives to make the paper stick. Crêping is done by the Yankee's doctor blade that scrapes the dry paper off the cylinder surface. The crinkle (crêping) is controlled by the strength of the adhesive, geometry of the doctor blade, speed difference between the yankee and final section of the paper machine and paper pulp characteristics.

## Properties

Crêpe paper and tissue are among the lightest papers and are normally below 35 g/m$^2$.
The crêpe ratio reflects how much the paper has shortened during crêping. The figure is normally between 10 – 30%. Crêping is used to adjust the paper's stretch and thickness, both of which have a marked effect on softness and absorbency.
Crêping can also be applied to specialty papers, such as microcrêping in sack paper.

## Applications

* Crêpe paper is popular for streamers and other party decorations.
* Props and costume accessories can be made of crêpe paper. It can be soaked in a small amount of water to create a dye for Easter eggs, white cardstock, and other materials.
* Crêpe paper can also be used to make paper flowers, appliqué, and paper sculpture.
* Crêpe paper is important as the backing for various types of tape, including masking tape and electrical tape.
* Used in recovery systems in small model rockets.
* Crêpe paper is one of the main components used in costume building for Junkanoo the most popular street parade in the Bahamas.
* Crêpe paper can also be used as lipstick, lip tint and hair color.
# Cumiskey

Cumiskey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frank Cumiskey (1912–2004), American gymnast
* Kyle Cumiskey (born 1986), Canadian ice hockey player
* William Cumiskey (fl. 1967–1985), Irish Labour Party politician
# Cucureasa River

Cucureasa River may refer to the following rivers in Romania:
* Cucureasa, a tributary of the Ilva in Bistrița-Năsăud County
* Cucureasa, a tributary of the Teșna in Suceava County
# Cucurbitella asperata

Cucurbitella asperata is a species of flowering plant in the cucumber family, Cucurbitaceae. It is the sole species in genus Cucurbitella. It is a climbing tuberous geophyte native to southern tropical South America, ranging from Bolivia to west-central and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina.
The species was first described as Cucurbita asperata in 1833. In 1846 Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers placed it in the genus Cucurbitella, which he had named the prior year.
# Isaac Zico

Isaac Zico (born June 18, 1996) is an American professional football player who is a wide receiver for the Massachusetts Pirates of the Indoor Football League (IFL). He played college football at Purdue, and has also played for the Tennessee Titans and Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL), and the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

## College career

Zico played at Georgia Military College from 2015 to 2016. He transferred to Purdue in 2017 where he played for two years. Zico finished his collegiate career with 61 receptions for 1,242 yards and 19 touchdowns.

## Professional career
### Tennessee Titans

After going undrafted in the 2019 NFL draft, Zico signed with the Tennessee Titans on April 27, 2019. He was released on May 13, 2019.

### Arizona Cardinals

On August 2, 2019, Zico was signed by the Arizona Cardinals. He was released on August 31, 2019.

### Toronto Argonauts

On December 20, 2019, Zico was signed by the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was placed on the COVID-19 Opt-Out list in August 2020.

### TSL Lineman

Zico played for the Lineman of The Spring League in 2021. They defeated the Jousters 26–23 to win the Mega Bowl where Zico caught two touchdown passes including the game winning 16 yard reception with 52 seconds remaining.

### Massachusetts Pirates

The Massachusetts Pirates of the Indoor Football League (IFL) acquired Zico in 2021 after the team ceased operations. In 2022, Zico caught 38 receptions for 435 yards and 7 touchdowns.
# Curt Wittenberg

Curt Wittenberg is an American biologist at Scripps Research Institute and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
# It May Be Winter Outside (But in My Heart It's Spring)

"It May Be Winter Outside (But in My Heart It's Spring)" is a song co-written by the songwriters and record producers, Barry White and Paul Politi. It became a minor hit for American singer Felice Taylor in 1967, reaching No. 42 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 44 on the R&B chart in early 1967.

## Covers

It was recorded later in 1973 by Love Unlimited, a girl group formed through Barry White's initiative. It appeared on the female group's album Under the Influence of... Love Unlimited. This version made it to No. 83 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 35 on the Billboard R&B chart. It was a bigger success in the United Kingdom, reaching No. 11 on the UK Singles Chart. The single version, lasting just over three minutes, is edited from the full track which has a duration of almost four and a quarter minutes. The single omits part of the introduction and an instrumental section which appears on the longer version before the third verse.
The song was also covered by the British group Steps, on their tour Christmas with Steps in 2012, under the shorter title "It May Be Winter Outside".

## Sampling

Buckshot and 9th Wonder sampled the version by Love Unlimited in the track "Intro - The Formula", on the album The Formula released in 2008.
# Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch

The Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch (also known as Azad University of Lahijan) is a branch of the Islamic Azad University system.
The university was established in 1988 by some professors of Tehran University of Medical Sciences include Dr. Mir Mozafar Masoumi who was the first President of the university. So far 16000 students graduated from university.

## Faculties

* Faculty of Engineering
** Architecture Engineering (B.Sc. & A.Sc.)
** Architecture Technology (B.Ac)
** Auto Mechanics - Vehicle Engineering (B.Ac.)
** Cartography Technology (B.Ac)
** Cartography - Geodesy (A.Sc.)
** Chemical Engineering (B.Sc.)
** Civil Engineering (M.Sc., B.Sc. & A.Sc.)
** Civil Technology (B.Ac. & A.Sc.)
** Computer Engineering (B.Sc. & A.Sc. & PhD)
** Computer Technology (B.Ac. & A.Sc.)
** Control Engineering (B.Sc.)
** Electronics Engineering (M.Sc., B.Sc. & A.Sc. & PhD)
** Electronics Technology (B.Ac. & A.Sc.)
** Electrical Power Technology (M.Sc., B.Sc. & A.Sc.)
** Mechanical Engineering (A.Sc., M.Sc., B.Sc. & PhD)
** Mechatronics Engineering (M.Sc.)
** Medical Radiation Engineering (B.Sc.)
** Mining Engineering - Extraction (B.Sc. & A.Sc.)
** Mining Engineering - Exploration (B.Sc. & A.Sc.)
** Metallurgy Engineering (B.Sc.)
** Optics Engineering - Laser (B.Sc.)
** Robotic Engineering (B.Sc.)
* Faculty of Math & Science
** Applied Math (M.Sc & B.Sc)
** Computer Science (B.Sc)
** Math Science (B.Sc)
* Faculty of Basic Science
** Applied Chemistry (B.Sc)
** Cell Biology - Molecular - Bio-tech (B.Sc)
** Cell Biology - Molecular (B.Sc)
** Chemistry (B.Sc)
** Geology (B.Sc)
** Geology - Petrology (M.Sc)
** Geology - Economic Geology (M.Sc)
** Marine Biology (B.Sc)
** Microbiology (M.Sc)
** Physics (B.Sc)
* Faculty of Natural Resources
** Forestry (M.Sc & B.Sc)
** Environmental Science (M.Sc & B.Ac)
** Fisheries Science (B.Ac)
** Natural Resources - Fisheries Science (M.Sc & B.Sc)
** Natural Resources - Forestry (B.Sc)
** Natural Resources - Environmental Engineering (B.Sc)
** Natural Resources - Aquatic Reproduction and Aquaculture (M.Sc)
** Processed Fishery Products (M.Sc)
* Faculty of Agriculture
** Agriculture Engineering - Food Science and Technology (B.Sc)
** Agriculture - Medic Plants (B.Sc)
** Agriculture Engineering - Cultivation (M.Sc)
** Agricultural Engineering - Water (B.Sc)
** Engineering Agriculture - Agronomy (B.Sc)
** Food Science and Technology (B.Ac)
** Food Technology (A.Sc)
* Other departments
** Accounting
** English - Literature
** Islamic Education
** Jurisprudence
** Nursing
** Persian Literature
** Physical Education
** Psychology
** Teacher Education
# Cycling at the 2023 SEA Games – Women's cross country

The women's cross country mountain biking cycling event at the 2023 SEA Games took place on 6 May 2022, at Siem Reap, Cambodia. 18 riders from 6 different nations competed in the event.

## Results

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| | Sayu Bella Sukma Dewi (INA) | 1:13:48 |
| | Nur Assyria Zainal Abidin (MAS) | 1:17:09 |
| | Yonthanan Phonkla (THA) | 1:18:42 |
| 4 | Ariana Thea Patrice Evangelista Dormitorio (PHI) | 1:20:30 |
| 5 | Dela Anjar Wulan (INA) | 1:21:27 |
| 6 | Supuksorn Nuntana (THA) | 1:23:42 |
| 7 | Jarinya Suebjakthin (THA) | 1:24:03 |
| 8 | Phi Kun Pan (MAS) | 1:24:37 |
| 9 | Shagne Paula Hermosilla Yaoyao (PHI) | 1:24:51 |
| 10 | Natahsya Soon (MAS) | 1:26:42 |
| 11 | Thi Thom Ca (VIE) | 1:26:59 |
| 12 | Khen Malai (CAM) | -1 LAP |
| 13 | Nicole bejo Quinones (PHI) | -1 LAP |
| 14 | Thi Hue Bui (VIE) | -1 LAP |
| 15 | Yoath Kanika (CAM) | -2 LAP |
| 16 | Von Sreynith (CAM) | -2 LAP |
| 17 | Dara Latifah (THA) | DNF |
| 18 | Thi Nhu Quynh Dinh (VIE) | DNF |
# Cuba, Owen County, Indiana

Cuba is an unincorporated community in the northwestern part of Montgomery Township, Owen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It lies near the intersection of County Road 150 West (a.k.a. Keeler Road) and County Road 600 North (a.k.a. Hale Hill Road), which is a community about ten miles north of the town of Spencer, the county seat of Owen County. Its elevation is 722 feet (220 m), and it is located at 39°22′41″N 86°47′53″W﻿ / ﻿39.37806°N 86.79806°W﻿ / 39.37806; -86.79806 (39.3781008 -86.7980628).

## History

Cuba was founded in 1851. A post office was established at Cuba in 1851, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1909.

## Geography

Kaufman Cemetery is about two miles west of this community, and it is located on Bandy Road west off of County Road 325 West (a.k.a. Rattlesnake Road) at 39°21′58″N 86°49′27″W﻿ / ﻿39.36611°N 86.82417°W﻿ / 39.36611; -86.82417 (39.3661559 -86.8241745).
Cloyd Cemetery is about two miles southwest of this community, and it is located near the intersection of County Road 460 North (a.k.a. Clark Road) and County Road 325 West (a.k.a. Rattlesnake Road) at 39°21′43″N 86°48′53″W﻿ / ﻿39.36194°N 86.81472°W﻿ / 39.36194; -86.81472 (39.3619893 -86.8147297).

## School districts

* Spencer-Owen Community Schools, including a high school.

## Political districts

* State House District 46
* State Senate District 39
# Cyphosticha pyrochroma

Cyphosticha pyrochroma is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
# Cycles of Time

Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe is a science book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose published by The Bodley Head in 2010. The book outlines Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC) model, which is an extension of general relativity but opposed to the widely supported multidimensional string theories and cosmological inflation following the Big Bang.

## Synopsis

Penrose examines implications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and its inevitable march toward a maximum entropy state of the universe. Penrose illustrates entropy in terms of information state phase space (with 1 dimension for every degree of freedom) where particles end up moving through ever larger grains of this phase space from smaller grains over time due to random motion. He disagrees with Stephen Hawking's back-track over whether information is destroyed when matter enters black holes. Such information loss would non-trivially lower total entropy in the universe as the black holes wither away due to Hawking radiation, resulting in a loss in phase space degrees of freedom.
Penrose goes on further to state that over enormous scales of time (beyond 10$^{100}$ years), distance ceases to be meaningful as all mass breaks down into extremely red-shifted photon energy, whereupon time has no influence, and the universe continues to expand without event →∞. This period from Big Bang to infinite expansion Penrose defines as an aeon. The smooth "hairless" infinite oblivion of the previous aeon becomes the low-entropy Big Bang state of the next aeon cycle. Conformal geometry preserves the angles but not the distances of the previous aeon, allowing the new aeon universe to appear quite small at its inception as its phase space starts anew.
Penrose cites concentric rings found in the WMAP cosmic microwave background survey as preliminary evidence for his model, as he predicted black hole collisions from the previous aeon would leave such structures due to ripples of gravitational waves.

## Reception

Most nonexpert critics (nonscientists) have found the book a challenge to fully comprehend; a few such as Kirkus Reviews and Doug Johnstone for The Scotsman appreciate the against the grain innovative ideas Penrose puts forth. Manjit Kumar reviewing for The Guardian admires the Russian doll geometry play of the CCC concept, framing it as an idea of which M. C. Escher "would have approved". Graham Storrs for the New York Journal of Books concedes that this is not the book that an unambitious lay person should plunge into. The American fiction writer Anthony Doerr in The Boston Globe writes "Penrose has never shied away from including mathematics in his texts, and kudos to his publisher for honoring that wish. That said, the second half of Cycles of Time offers some seriously hard sledding"; "If you'll forgive a skiing metaphor, Cycles of Time is a black diamond of a book."
# Curtis Lester Mendelson

Curtis Lester Mendelson (September 4, 1913 - October 13, 2002) was an obstetrician and American cardiologist. Mendelson's syndrome was named after him in 1946.
# It's Not a Rumour

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| BBC | (favourable) |
| musicomh | |
| rapreviews | (8.5/10) |
It's Not a Rumour is the debut studio album by English rapper Akala, released on 24 April 2006 on Illa State Records.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Featured guest(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| 1 | "Stand Up" | | Blak Jack | 3:40 |
| 2 | "Yeah Yeah Yeah" | | Reza Safinia | 3:51 |
| 3 | "The Edge" | Niara | Reza Safinia | 3:15 |
| 4 | "Shakespeare" | | Reza Safinia | 4:37 |
| 5 | "Carried Away" | | Reza Safinia | 3:35 |
| 6 | "This Is London" | | Daniel Langsman Additional Production by Reza Safinia | 3:21 |
| 7 | "Bullshit" | | Reza Safinia | 3:18 |
| 8 | "Roll Wid Us" | | Dash | 4:08 |
| 9 | "Cold" | | Reza Safinia Co-Produced by Ari Gold | 3:19 |
| 10 | "Hold Your Head Up" | Selah | Danny Langsman | 3:22 |
| 11 | "Why Do" | Ms. Dynamite | Reza Safinia | 4:05 |
| 12 | "The Edge (Mikey J Remix)" | | Mikey J | 4:21 |

## Singles chart positions

| Year | Song | Chart positions |
| Year | Song | UK Single Chart |
| 2005 | "Roll Wid Us" | #72 |
# Cypselosomatidae

The Cypselosomatidae are a family of true flies (Diptera) closely related to the Micropezidae. Some species are believed to be associated with bat guano.

## Distribution

They occur worldwide, including Australia.
# Iva, South Carolina

Iva is a town in Anderson County, South Carolina. The population was 1,015 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Iva is located in southern Anderson County at 34°18′26″N 82°39′50″W﻿ / ﻿34.30722°N 82.66389°W﻿ / 34.30722; -82.66389 (34.307159, -82.664001).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.89 square miles (2.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Education

Public education in Iva is administered by Anderson School District 3, which operates Iva Elementary and Crescent High School.
Iva has a public library, a branch of the Anderson County Library System. In July 2024, construction began on conversion of a downtown former fire department building to house the branch, which is sharing space with the Iva Museum until completion.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Iva racial composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 887 | 87.39% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 63 | 6.21% |
| Native American | 3 | 0.3% |
| Asian | 5 | 0.49% |
| Other/Mixed | 37 | 3.65% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 20 | 1.97% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,015 people, 514 households, and 349 families residing in the town.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,156 people, 501 households, and 319 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,286.1 inhabitants per square mile (496.6/km$^2$). There were 580 housing units at an average density of 645.3 units per square mile (249.2 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 93.43% White, 6.31% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.09% from other races, and 0.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.09% of the population.
There were 501 households in Iva, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.77.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 24.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $23,333, and the median income for a family was $34,432. Males had a median income of $25,682 versus $21,731 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,756. About 8.5% of families and 15.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Ralph McT. Pennell, U.S. Army major general
# Israel Beck

Israel Beck (1891–1972) was a founding member of the Antwerpsche Diamantkring, the world's largest and first-ever diamond bourse to be dedicated to rough diamonds trade. He was President of the Board from 1961 until his death in 1972. By that time, he had served benevolently 43 years as a member of the Board, promoting diamond trade internationally and the Antwerp diamond industry in particular, and representing the Antwerpsche Diamantkring at the World Diamond Congress.

## Early life

Beck was born in 1891 in Sanok, southern Poland (a region which was known as Galicia). He married Helena Blitz, with whom he had three children (Isaac, Edith, and Leopold). In 1907 he joined his future father in law, Louis (Levie) Blitz, to become the third generation of family members in the diamond trade.

## Between World War I and World War II

Beck co-founded the Antwerpsche Diamantkring, and became in 1929 a member of its first Board of Directors immediately upon its establishment as the first diamond bourse worldwide for rough diamond trade. By 1932 he opened a new diamond factory with his brother, in the center of the diamond district in Antwerp.

## During World War II

Beck and his family fled Belgium during World War II, crossing France and finding shelter during the final years of the war as refugees in Geneva, Switzerland.

## After World War II

The diamond industry in Antwerp had to recover from the many human losses that were suffered during the Second World War. After the war, Beck returned to Antwerp and benevolently dedicated much of his time and attention to the rebuilding of Antwerp's diamond trade and the industry. In 1957 he became Vice-president of the Board of the Antwerpsche Diamantkring, and in 1961 he was elected President of the Board.

## Memberships to other Boards of directors

* Vice-president of the World Federation of Diamond Bourses
* National Board member at the Syndicate of the Belgian Diamond Industry
* Board member of the Diamantexpo
* Board member of the Diamond Office

## Honors and awards

* Knight of the Order of Leopold II, appointed by his Majesty King Baudouin of Belgium on January 4, 1955, in recognition of the services rendered to the Kingdom of Belgium and in particular for the development of the diamonds trade in Antwerp.
* Honorary distinction granted on 19 November 1968 by the Diamantexpo for his contributions to the industry as Board member

## Subsequent family members to enter the diamond business

Israel Beck's two sons Isaac and Leopold Beck joined the family business, becoming the fourth generation of diamond traders. Leopold Beck has been heading Beck Diamonds in Antwerp since 1972. Leopold Beck's two sons became the fifth generation of diamond traders in the family: Axel Beck joined Beck Diamonds in 1995, whereas Raoul Beck joined in 1997 and heads DiamAlps in Switzerland, and Hauthentic Jewellery in Switzerland.