OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deep cement mixing

Deep cement mixing (DCM) is a geotechnical engineering deep foundation ground improvement technique where a binder material, typically cement, is injected into the ground for ground stabilisation and land reclamation. The technique can also be used for containing contaminants and water cut-off. The resulting stabilised soil generally has a higher strength, lower permeability, lower compressibility and reduced liquefaction risk than the original soil. In land reclamation applications it is typically used when cheaper techniques such as dredging or draining cannot be applied because of environmental concerns due to contaminated soil that these two techniques would release. The expansion of the Hong Kong International Airport and Tokyo's Haneda Airport are examples of this.
Deep cement mixing was first developed in Japan where first field tests began in 1970. Originally granular quicklime was used as binder to stabilise the underlying soil, but soon better results were obtained using cement slurry and cement mortar. Until the end of the 1980s, DCM was used only in Japan and Scandinavia. Since then it has gained popularity also in the United States and Europe.
Deep cement mixing consists of using specially designed equipment, such as augers or mixing paddles, to mechanically mix the soil with an in-situ binder. The process simultaneously breaks up the soil without removing it, injects a binder at low pressure and thoroughly mixes the binder with the soil to form a reinforced block of soil after treatment. The soil to be improved is mixed mechanically in-situ either with a binder in a slurry form (wet method) or with a dry binder (dry method). As the soil is soft, the binder material mixes with the soil diffusing back into the excavated hole, so it is important to choose a binder material appropriate for the specific soil, although in the vast majority of cases, cement works well. As the cement-soil mix begins to harden, further cement is added on top of the growing column until the column reaches all the way up to the start. During this process further excavation of the diffusing soil may be required. The deep soil mixing columns are typically 0.6 to 2.4 m in diameter and depths of up to 50m can be reached depending on the nature of the ground conditions and the technique employed. Steel reinforcement can be inserted into fresh soil-mix to increase bending resistance of deep soil mixing columns used for excavation control. Finally the machinery is moved to the location of the next column where the process is repeated in order to form another column. Once fully hardened these columns are then able to bear much higher loads than the seabed (when using the technique to reclaim land) or the typically soft soil upon which one wants to build.
# Deep cerebellar nuclei

There are four paired deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter centre of the cerebellum. The nuclei are the fastigial, globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei.
In lower mammals the emboliform nucleus appears to be continuous with the globose nucleus, and these are known together as the interposed nucleus.

## Inputs

These nuclei receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber and climbing fiber pathways. Most output fibers of the cerebellum originate from these nuclei. One exception is that fibers from the flocculonodular lobe synapse directly on vestibular nuclei without first passing through the deep cerebellar nuclei. The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem are analogous structures to the deep nuclei, since they receive both mossy fiber and Purkinje cell inputs.

## Specific nuclei

From lateral to medial, the four deep cerebellar nuclei are the dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigial. Some animals, including humans, do not have distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, instead having a single, fused interposed nucleus. In animals with distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, the term interposed nucleus is often used to refer collectively to these two nuclei.

## Topography

In general, each pair of deep nuclei is associated with a corresponding region of cerebellar surface anatomy.
* Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus, as well as fourth ventricle
* Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus and cross-section of vermis
* The dentate nuclei are deep within the lateral hemispheres,
* the interposed nuclei are located in the paravermal (intermediate) zone,
* and the fastigial nuclei are in the vermis.
These structural relationships are generally maintained in the neuronal connections between the nuclei and associated cerebellar cortex,
* with the dentate nucleus receiving most of its connections from the lateral hemispheres,
* the interposed nuclei receiving inputs mostly from the paravermis,
* and the fastigial nucleus receiving primarily afferents from the vermis.
# Decidability

The word decidable may refer to:
* Decidable language
* Decidability (logic) for the equivalent in mathematical logic
* Decidable problem and Undecidable problem
* Gödel's incompleteness theorem, a theorem on the undecidability of languages consisting of "true statements" in mathematical logic.
* Recursive set, a "decidable set" in recursion theory
# Decide, Kentucky

Decide is an unincorporated community within Clinton County, Kentucky, United States. Its post office is closed.
# Deirdre Grusovin

Deirdre Mary Grusovin AM (born 1 September 1938) was a Labor member of the New South Wales Parliament for over twenty five years.
Grusovin was born Deirdre Mary Brereton in Sydney, and is the sister of influential former politician Laurie Brereton. She was educated at Our Lady of the Sacred Heart College in Kensington. Prior to entering politics, she was a librarian for the City of Randwick from 1957 to 1962 and then managed her husband's pharmacy business until 1978.
Initially elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1978, she remained in office until 1990. During this time she was Minister for Consumer Affairs and Assistant Minister for Health 1986-88 and Minister for Small Business 1987–88. In 1990, she contested a by-election in Heffron, winning the seat in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly which had been vacated by her brother, who transferred to Federal Parliament. At the time of her transfer to the lower house, she was touted as a potential challenger to Bob Carr for the Labor leadership. She was re-elected in Heffron in 1991.
On 1 December 1994, Grusovin used parliamentary privilege to air a statutory declaration by convicted pedophile Colin John Fisk alleging that politician Frank Arkell and lawyer John Marsden were pederasts. Labor leader Bob Carr had urged her not to do so, but Grusovin proceeded to read part of the document to parliament without further notice. Premier John Fahey called on Labor leader Bob Carr to sack her from the shadow ministry if she would not produce supporting evidence and the NSW Law Society labelled her actions "a gross abuse of parliamentary privilege". Marsden challenged Grusovin to repeat the comments outside parliament, and would later successfully sue a media outlet for defamation over the allegations. Carr forced her resignation the following day, having staked his leadership on the outcome.
Grusovin was re-elected in 1995 and 1999, but spent the remainder of her career on the backbench. She resigned from parliament in 2003, following defeat in a bitter preselection battle with Kristina Keneally in 2002. Grusovin threatened to take her case to the Supreme Court, but ultimately stepped aside and Keneally succeeded her in 2003.
She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2016 Australia Day Honours for significant service to the Parliament and the community of New South Wales, to education administration, and to social welfare. In 1990 she was granted permission to retain the title "The Honourable".
# Jean Bessière

Jean Bessière is professor of Comparative Literature at the Sorbonne (University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle), and was educated at the École Normale Supérieure and holds a PhD (docteur d'Etat) from the Sorbonne as well as being agrégé in Modern Letters. He is the author of numerous books on Comparative Literature and is the president emeritus of the International Comparative Literature Association. His most recent works include La littérature et sa rhétorique (PUF, 1999), Quel statut pour la littérature ? (PUF, 2001), Principes de la theorie littéraire (PUF, 2005) and Le roman contemporain ou la problématicité du monde (PUF 2010). Jean Bessière has been on the faculty of numerous universities including Indiana University, Stanford, McGill and several French universities. In 2008 the Canadian Review of Comparative Literature dedicated an entire issue to him entitled: "Jean Bessière - Literature and Comparative Literature Revisited." Jean Bessière frequently lectures at universities throughout the world.
# Jean Bertolino

Jean Bertolino (born 31 March 1936 in Marseille) is a French journalist and writer.

## Biography

A former student at the École supérieure de journalisme de Paris (class 1959–1961), a senior reporter and war correspondent, Bertolino worked for La Croix, Le Monde, Le Figaro and several provincial dailies. He was awarded the Albert Londres Prize in 1967 for his coverage of Vietnam and Cambodia at war and the revolt of the Kurds in Iraq, published in the newspaper La Croix and reprinted by numerous foreign newspapers.
In 1987, he became responsible for the reporting department at TF1, a public channel with which he had been collaborating since 1983. From 1988 he was the producer of 52 sur la Une, a magazine whose last issue was presented in June 2001.
He is also the author of novels.

## Works

* 1968: Vietnam sanglant, Stock
* 1969: Les Trublions, Stock
* 1974: Les Orangers de Jaffa, Éditions France-Empire
* 1979: Albanie, la sentinelle de Staline, Éditions du Seuil
* 1993: Histoires vécues, L'Archipel
* 1997: Madame l'Etoile, Flammarion
* 1998: La Frontière des fous, Flammarion
* 2000: Le Chant du Farou, Alzieu
* 2002: Chaman, Presses de la Cité
* 2004: Fura-Tena, Presses de la Cité
* 2010: Pour qu'il ne meure jamais, Calmann-Lévy
* 2014: Et je te donnerai les trésors des ténèbres, Calmann-Lévy

## Prizes

* Prix Albert Londres 1967.
* Grand Prix de Poésie 2011 of the Société des poètes et artistes de France [fr] (SPAF) for all his writings in prose - articles, novels, great reports - and lyrics.
# Jeanne d'Arc (Thy Majestie album)

Jeanne d'Arc is a concept album by Italian symphonic power metal act Thy Majestie. Released in 2005 on Scarlet Records the album is based around the story of Joan of Arc (also known as Jeanne d'Arc). The album runs through her story beginning with her fate foretold by God, right up to her execution by burning at the stake.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Claudio Diprima; all music is composed by Giuseppe Bondi
# Degehabur (woreda)

Degehabur (Somali: Dhagaxbuur) is a woreda in Somali Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Degehabur Zone, Degehabur is bordered on the southeast by the Gunagado and Korahe Zone, on the southwest by the Fiq Zone, on the west by Degehamedo, on the north by the Jijiga Zone, and on the east by Aware; it is frequently considered part of the Haud. The administrative center of this woreda is Degehabur.
The two perennial rivers in Degehabur are the Fafen and the Jerer. As of 2008, Degehabur has 68 kilometers of asphalt, 62 of all-weather gravel road, and 387 of community roads; about 24.4% of the total population has access to drinking water.
This woreda was reported in October 1974 to have been the area worst hit by the Hararghe famine.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 115,555, of whom 65,081 are men and 50,474 women. While 30,027 or 25.99% are urban inhabitants, a further 45,818 or 39.65% are pastoralists. 98.6% of the population said they were Muslim.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 93,019, of whom 51,729 were men and 41,290 were women; 28,708 or 30.86% were urban inhabitants. The largest ethnic group reported in Degehabur was the Somali people (98.71%).
# Jeff Austin (baseball)

Jeffrey Wellington Austin (born October 19, 1976) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for three seasons. He played for the Kansas City Royals from 2001 to 2002 and the Cincinnati Reds in 2003. During a game against the Atlanta Braves on May 28, 2003, in what turned out to be his final appearance in the major leagues, Austin gave up 3 consecutive home runs to start the game, only the second time this had happened in Major League Baseball history.
Austin attended Stanford University, and in 1996 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the Royals in the first round of the 1998 MLB Draft.
# Delta Park (Johannesburg)

Delta Park is one of the biggest parks in Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. It is adjacent to the suburbs of Blairgowrie and Victory Park. It comprises 108 hectares of grassland and woodland, and three tree-lined dams. It has walking trails, a "sensory trail" and bird watching hides. It incorporates the Florence Bloom Bird Sanctuary and the Delta Environmental Centre. The latter offers wildlife-related courses to adults and children, including holiday programmes; about 20 000 children take part in the programmes every year.
# Deividas Kumelis

Deividas Kumelis (born April 6, 1995) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for Apollo Amsterdam of the BNXT League. Standing at 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in), he plays at the point guard position. Kumelis has played in Lithuania, Portugal and the Netherlands over his career.

## Early life

Kumelis started playing basketball at age 7 at the Šarūnas Marčiulionis Basketball Academy.

## Professional career

On September 28, 2017, Kumelis signed with Aris Leeuwarden of the Dutch Basketball League (DBL). In his debut on October 8, Kumelis recorded 19 points and 7 assists in an 80–96 win over BAL. He averaged 7.9 points, 2.8 rebounds and 4.3 assists in his debut season in the DBL. On August 1, 2018, he re-signed for another year with Aris. He averaged 5.6 points, 2 rebounds and 3.5 assists in the 2018–19 season.
In the 2019–20 season he played for both BC Lūšis and BC Mažeikiai of the Lithuanian National Basketball League (NKL).
On 2 October 2020, Kumelis was announced by The Hague Royals, newcomer in the Dutch Basketball League. On 27 March 2021, Kumelis scored a career-high 42 points in a 77–76 win over BAL. On 16 June, he extended his contract with one more season.
On August 22, 2022, he has signed with Apollo Amsterdam of the BNXT League.

## International career

Kumelis played with the Lithuanian national basketball team U20 team at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, where the country finished in 7th place.
# Jean Paul Richter

Jean-Paul Richter (7 June 1847 – 25 August 1937) was a German art historian.
Born in Dresden as the son of a theologian, Richter studied theology himself, becoming tutor to the young Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse. His appointment as tutor gave him the opportunity to travel around Europe and he became interested in Italian art. He wrote tourist guides for Baedecker and in 1876 met Giovanni Morelli, whom he later introduced to Bernard Berenson. He moved to London in 1877 and wrote several catalogues of art, but is chiefly remembered today for his work on the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci.
His wife Luise Marie Schwaab and their daughters Irma and Gisela M. A. Richter were also art historians.
# Jeevitham Oru Gaanam

Jeevitham Oru Gaanam (transl. Life is a song) is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Sreekumaran Thampi. The film stars Madhu, Srividya, M. G. Soman and Roja Ramani in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. S. Viswanathan.

## Cast

* Madhu
* Srividya
* M. G. Soman
* Shobhana (Roja Ramani)
* Sukumari
* Vaikkam Mani
* Unnimary
* Adoor Bhavani
* Bhagyalakshmi
* Kuthiravattam Pappu
* Master Rajakumaran Thampi
* Poojappura Ravi
* Raji

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Jeevitham Oru Ganam" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 2 | "Maracheeni Vilayunna" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 3 | "Marakkaanavilla Naalu" | K. J. Yesudas, Vani Jairam | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 4 | "Sathyanayaka Mukthidayaka" | K. J. Yesudas, Chorus | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 5 | "Septemberil Pootha" | Vani Jairam | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| 6 | "Vasanthamenna Pournami Penninu" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |
# Jean Lhermitte

Jacques Jean Lhermitte (English: /lɛərˈmiːt/) (20 January 1877 – 24 January 1959) was a French neurologist and neuropsychiatrist.

## Early life and education

Lhermitte was born in Mont-Saint-Père, Aisne, son of Léon Augustin Lhermitte, a French realist painter. Following his early education at Saint-Etienne, he studied in Paris and graduated in medicine in 1907. He specialised in neurology and became Chef-de-clinique (resident) for nervous diseases in 1908, Chef de laboratoire in 1910, and professeur agrégé for psychiatry 1922.

## Career

Lhermitte became head of the Dejerine Foundation, sponsored by Joseph Jules Dejerine, and clinical director at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital.
During World War I, Lhermitte studied spinal injuries and became interested in neuropsychiatry. This led to publications on visual hallucinations of the self. A deeply religious man, he explored the common territory between theology and medicine, and this led him to interesting studies on demonic possession and stigmatisation.

## Medical eponyms

Lhermitte was a clinical neurologist. A number of medical eponyms bear his name:
* Lhermitte-Cornil-Quesnel syndrome: A slowly progressive pyramidopallidal degeneration
* Lhermitte-Duclos syndrome: A rare pathologic entity with hypertrophy chiefly of the stratum granulosum of the cerebellum
* Lhermitte-Lévy syndrome: A syndrome of slowly progressing paralysis after a stroke
* Lhermitte-McAlpine syndrome: A combined pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract syndrome in middle-aged and elderly persons.
* Lhermitte peduncular hallucinosis: Purely visual hallucinations recognized as unreal, abnormal phenomena (preserved insight).
* Lhermitte sign: Flexion of the neck in patients with multiple sclerosis produces electric shock-like sensations that extend down the spine and may shoot into the limbs
* Lhermitte syndrome: A rare syndrome of ocular palsy with nystagmus and paralysis of adduction during attempted lateral deviation of the eyes
* Lhermitte-Trelles syndrome' A syndrome characterized by lymphoblastic infiltration of the peripheral nervous system, associated with paralysis and amyotrophy
# Del-Mar-Va Express

The Del-Mar-Va Express was a named passenger train of the Pennsylvania Railroad that at its peak went from New York City to the southernmost point of the Delmarva Peninsula, Cape Charles, Virginia. Initiated in 1926, the train's north–south passage through Delaware stood in contrast with the main passenger traffic through Delaware being a brief passage through cities in the upper reach of Delaware, mainly Wilmington. Most importantly, the train served as a more direct path from New York City and Philadelphia to Norfolk, Virginia, by way of a ferry from Cape Charles across the Chesapeake Bay to Norfolk, a path that bypassed Baltimore and Washington, D.C. This saved time in comparison to travel over PRR, Atlantic Coast Line and Norfolk & Western trains through Washington to Norfolk. The Del-Mar-Va trip, including ferry travel was 11 hours from New York; and the longer all-land route through Washington was 13 hours and 40 minutes.
The train succeeded an earlier short lived train, the Old Point, in the 1890s from Philadelphia to Cape Charles. The Del-Mar-Va-Express diverged south from the Pennsylvania RR's Washington-Philadelphia route at Wilmington. From there went directly south along the main line of a Pennsylvania Railroad's subsidiary, the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad, through inland towns in Delaware, notably: Clayton, Dover, Harrington, Greenwood, Seaford and Delmar; in Maryland: Salisbury, Princess Anne and Pocomoke City; and finally reaching Cape Charles, where the N. Y. P. & N RR Ferry Company would take passengers to Norfolk. Beginning in the 1940s the PRR began to rely only on the Virginia Ferry Corporation for ferriage of passengers from Cape Charles to Norfolk. This new service showed a cross-channel time savings of 40 minutes. From 1942 to 1947 the train's northern terminus was extended from Philadelphia to New York.

## Transfer stations

The stations for Clayton, Harrington, Greenwood, Salisbury and Princess Anne in pre-World War II years of the train were points from which passengers could transfer to trains to the Eastern Shore of Maryland or to ocean-side resort towns of Lewes, Delaware and Ocean City, Maryland.

## Nighttime counterpart

In a parallel period with the Del-Mar-Va, the PRR operated a night train, the Cavalier (#469, southbound, #468 northbound), which until the early 1950s carried coaches as well as sleeping cars with open sections and double bedrooms, continuous to New York. In peak years, such as 1941, a separate sleeping car train (in contrast to the New York originating train) left the PRR's downtown Broad Street Station and joined with the rest of the train in Wilmington. Between late 1954 and summer 1955, the Cavalier no longer had sleeping cars. By summer 1956 the overnight train was terminated.

## Decline

The train was discontinued by late 1957. By then, a nighttime itinerary unnamed train was the sole train serving the peninsula.
# Jean Perdrix

Jean Perdrix was a French film director who was a member of the committee for short films at the Festival de Cannes in 1955 and 1956.

## Filmography
### Director

* 1951 : Le hasard mène l'enquête [fr] (short film)
* 1952 : Mort en sursis (short film)
* 1949 : L'Enfer des fards
* 1948 : Au pays des grands pâturages

### Unit production manager

* 1955 : Les salauds vont en enfer [fr]
* 1953 : J'y suis, j'y reste (pièce de théâtre) [fr]