OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bankruptcy costs of debt

Within the theory of corporate finance, bankruptcy costs of debt are the increased costs of financing with debt instead of equity that result from a higher probability of bankruptcy. The fact that bankruptcy is generally a costly process in itself and not only a transfer of ownership implies that these costs negatively affect the total value of the firm. These costs can be thought of as a financial cost, in the sense that the cost of financing increases because the probability of bankruptcy increases. One way to understand this is to realize that when a firm goes bankrupt investors holding its debt are likely to lose part or all of their investment, and therefore investors require a higher rate of return when investing in bonds of a firm that can easily go bankrupt. This implies that an increase in debt which ends up increasing a firm's bankruptcy probability causes an increase in these bankruptcy costs of debt.
In the trade-off theory of capital structure, firms are supposedly choosing their level of debt financing by trading off these bankruptcy costs of debt against tax benefits of debt. In particular, a firm that is trying to maximize the value for its shareholders will equalize the marginal cost of debt that results from these bankruptcy costs with the marginal benefit of debt that results from tax benefits.
In the personal bankruptcy there is a cost associated with filling the paperwork. For Chapter 13 Bankruptcy there is a fee of $281 and for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy it is $306. Additionally there can be other payments required, like Lawyer's fee, Conversion fee, Credit counselling and debtor education fee.
# HNoMS Pol III

Pol III was a patrol boat of the Royal Norwegian Navy, used for guarding the inlet of the Oslofjord in early April 1940. She was a small vessel, originally a whaler, of 214 tons. She is best known for being the first Norwegian unit to engage the German invasion forces during the 1940 Operation Weserübung.

## Operational history

Pol III was built by Akers mekaniske verksted as build no. 429 in 1926. She was requisitioned by the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1939 and pressed into service as a guard vessel in the Oslofjord. Late on 8 April 1940 the guard vessel spotted the German Kampfgruppe 5 heading north as part of the German invasion of Norway. Despite being seriously outnumbered - the Kampfgruppe consisted of the heavy cruiser Blücher, the heavy cruiser Lützow, the light cruiser Emden, three torpedo boats and eight minesweepers carrying 2,000 troops to Oslo - Pol III engaged the German forces. After firing a warning shot, Pol III closed with the German torpedo boat Albatros. Realising that the enemy would not turn away, but was going to violate Norwegian neutrality, Pol III fired flares to alert Norwegian coastal batteries and rammed Albatros in the side. From Albatros it was clear that the guns on Pol III were manned, and that the Norwegians intended to fight. Albatros hit the small Norwegian vessel with anti aircraft fire, wounding the captain, Leif Welding-Olsen, and starting several fires. As Pol III was burning, her crew abandoned the vessel and was captured. Leif Welding-Olsen, weakened by blood loss, did not manage to enter the lifeboat and drowned, becoming the first Norwegian fatality in open war between Norway and Nazi Germany.
Kampfgruppe 5 was temporarily turned back by Oscarsborg Fortress a few hours later, with the loss of the heavy cruiser Blücher.
The next day, 9 April, Pol III was towed to Tønsberg. The German Kriegsmarine captured her on 14 April, and after repairs utilised the vessel as a Vorpostenboot under several names (NO-05 Samoa, V-6105 and NH-05).
After the war, Pol III became part of the Norwegian mine sweeping fleet before she was sold off. Later Pol III had several different owners and names, the engines replaced and her structure rebuilt. In 1949 she was sold to Hareid where she was rebuilt as a fishing vessel and given the name Johan E. In 1978 she was sold to Ørnes and rebuilt as a fish transport vessel and named Odd Oscar. Five years later she was sold to Bodø and given the name Fisktrans. Although in essence a different vessel than in 1940, the hull of Pol III remained afloat and in use for many years. In her last guise, she was owned in Salten and had the name Arnøytrans. She ran as a fish transport vessel along the Norwegian coast.
On 1 October 2011, she was sailed on own power to Fosen Gjenvinning breaker's yard at Revsnes in Sør-Trøndelag for scrapping.
Some of her hull plates survived and are in the care of the Larvik Maritime Museum.
# Kreps

Kreps is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David M. Kreps (born 1950), game theorist and economist and professor
* Dean Kreps (born 1961), American football coach and former player
* Gary Kreps, communication scholar
* Juanita M. Kreps (1921–2010), U.S. Secretary of Commerce
* Kamil Kreps (born 1984), Czech professional ice hockey player
# Cape Engaño (Luzon)

Cape Engaño is a cape and northern point of Palaui Island, an island off the northeasternmost point of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is administratively part of the municipality of Santa Ana in Cagayan province and is known for its lush green landscape, white sand beach and the Cape Engaño Lighthouse.
It has given its name to the World War II battle off Cape Engaño, part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf, although the battle actually took place some 200 miles (322 km) to the east, in open ocean. The Japanese aircraft carriers Zuikaku, Zuihō, Chitose and Chiyoda were repeatedly bombarded and sank, as well as three light cruisers and nine destroyers.

## Gallery

* The lighthouse at Cape Engaño
# The Arran Banner

The Arran Banner is a weekly local newspaper on the Isle of Arran in Scotland. It was established in 1974 and is published on a Saturday. The paper still attracts subscribers from around the world for its often unique and witty writing style. The newspaper is renowned for often controversial and heated discussion in its letter pages. Recently this has included debates on climate change, the state of Arran's roads and the proposed new ferry service to the island.

## Circulation

The newspaper is also famous for a very high readership among the local population. In 1984 it received a Guinness World Record recognising this fact. The entry reads: "The Arran Banner, founded in 1974, has a readership of more than 97 per cent in Britain’s seventh largest off-shore island". Recently The Banner was named as one of only three newspapers in Scotland with a rise in circulation. In 2015, it had a circulation of just over 3,000 copies each week.

## Sale to the Oban Times group

For many years it was under the ownership and editorship of John Millar. In 2003, the Arran Banner was purchased by the Oban Times Group, who continue to publish the newspaper today. Soon after its sale, the newspaper converted to a tabloid, colour format, from the previous A4 format. It is also now printed off the island, being printed on Thursday afternoons before arriving on the island each Friday morning. Former editor John Millar continued to write weekly Banner leader columns until 2008.
The leader column is now written by news editor Hugh Boag who joined the team in July 2013. Colin Smeeton is the other reporter working at the paper and he joined the two-man editorial team in 2015.
The newspaper's advertising department managed by Cecilia Paul.
The retail price of the newspaper increased to £1 on Friday 4 February 2022 (edition 2270) after being at 85p for the previous three years. Since 16th December 2022 the retail price has increased to £1.10.
As well as continuing to produce the weekly edition of the newspaper the company are also responsible for a popular hand-drawn tourist map of the island and the annual Holiday Arran magazine.
The Arran Banner also has a website where some news is displayed for free but there is also a paid for section (Paywall).
In January 2024 all four websites belonging to Wyvex Media Ltd (The Arran Banner, Oban Times, Campbeltown Courier and Argyllshire Advertiser) were combined into one site called West Coast Today allowing paid for subscribers to have one subscription to access all the news content (website and digital e-editions) produced on the West Coast of Scotland .
# Daniele Balducci

Daniele Balducci (born 10 September 1970) is a former professional tennis player from Italy.

## Biography

Originally from the Tuscan town of Monsummano Terme, Balducci had a highest ranking on tour of 191.
Balducci made his ATP Tour main draw debut at the 1990 Sanremo Open, where he featured in both the singles and doubles events. His other two ATP Tour appearances came at the Austrian Open Kitzbühel, as a qualifier for back to back tournaments in 1995 and 1996, making second round in the latter year by beating Olivier Delaître
He has a win over Roger Federer to his name, defeating the future world number one at a satellite tournament in Switzerland in 1997.
# GP Ayuntamiento de Bilbao

The GP Ayuntamiento de Bilbao was a road bicycle race held annually in the Basque Country, Spain from 1945 until 1969. It was held as a stage race from 1943 to 1955 and as a one-day race from 1960 to 1964.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 1943 | Martín Mancisidor | Julián Berrendero | Antonio Destrieux |
| 1944 | José Gandara | Isidro Bejarano | Pedro Font |
| 1945–1951 | No race | No race | No race |
| 1952 | Senén Blanco | Adolfo Cruz | Andrés Trobat |
| 1953 | Cosme Barrutia | Miguel Bover | Emilio Rodríguez |
| 1954 | Ponciano Arbelaiz | Antonio Barrutia | Manuel Rodríguez Barros |
| 1955 | Carmelo Morales | Antonio Ferraz | Juan Bibiloni |
| 1956–1959 | No race | No race | No race |
| 1960 | José Segú | José Luis Talamillo | Aniceto Utset |
| 1961 | Juan José Sagarduy | Jose Bernardez Boluja | Federico Bahamontes |
| 1962 | Eusebio Vélez | Antonio Karmany | Francisco Gabica |
| 1963 | Roberto Morales | José Antonio Momeñe | Ventura Díaz Arrey |
| 1964 | Manuel Martín Piñera | José Antonio Momeñe | Sebastián Elorza |
# Giacomo Durando

Giacomo Durando (4 February 1807 – 21 August 1894) was an Italian general and statesman. His brother Giovanni was also a general of the Risorgimento and a senator.

## Biography

Durando was born at Mondovì, in Piedmont. He graduated in law in Turin in 1829.
He was implicated in a liberal plot aiming to extort a constitution from king Charles Felix: after having been discovered, he was obliged to take refuge abroad together with his brother, first in Kentucky and then in France. In 1831 he fought in a foreign corps in the Belgian Revolution, and, the following year, he moved to Nashville where he was enrolled in a cavalry regiment of the constitutionalist army of King Pedro IV. The following year he entered the service of Spain, when he fought in various campaigns, and was promoted colonel in 1838.
After a short stay in France he returned to Italy and identified himself with the Liberal movement; he became an active journalist, and founded a newspaper called L'Opinione in 1847. In 1848 he was one of those who asked King Charles Albert for the constitution.
On the outbreak of the First Italian Independence War against Austria he took command of the Lombard volunteers as major-general, and in the campaign of 1849 he was aide-de-camp to the king. He was elected member of the first Piedmontese parliament and was a strenuous supporter of Cavour; during the Sardinian expedition to Crimean he took General La Marmora's place as war minister.
In 1855 he was nominated senator, lieutenant-general in 1856 and ambassador to Constantinople in 1856, and minister for foreign affairs in the Rattazzi cabinet two years later. During the Third Italian War of Independence his brother Giovanni commanded the I Corps, which was badly mauled at Custoza. He was president of the Italian Senate from 1884 to 1887, after which year he retired from the army.
He died at Rome in August 1894.

## Honours and awards

* Kingdom of Sardinia:
** Grand Officer of the Military Order of Savoy, 21 February 1856
** Knight of the Annunciation, 7 June 1887
** Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 1887
** Grand Cross of the Crown of Italy, 1887
# Julie Steven

Julie Spalding-Steven (born April 24, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player, coach, and businesswoman.

## Biography
### Tennis career

Steven grew up in Wichita, Kansas, and had a successful career in junior tennis, culminating in a junior US Open title. Throughout her career, she played in all 4 grand slams. She had a win over Lindsay Davenport at the 1991 junior US Open, then lost to the same player in the girls' singles final the following year. At the 1992 Wimbledon Championships, she was runner-up in the girls' doubles, partnering Pam Nelson. Her US Open title came in 1993, with Nicole London in the girls' doubles and she also made the singles semifinals that year.
As a professional player, she reached a best singles ranking of 173 in the world and made three US Open appearances as a singles wildcard. In addition to the US Open, she also played in the women's doubles main draws at Wimbledon and the Australian Open. In 1993, she was a member of the Wichita Advantage team which won the World TeamTennis championship. She is the only junior who has ever won the World Team Tennis Championship Her best performances on the WTA Tour was a quarter-final appearance at the 1994 Singapore Classic.

### Professional career

Following her successes in tennis, Steven moved to the coaching space where she coached top juniors and collegiate players in the south Florida area. She led 9 juniors to reach top 10 national rankings and 2 players to win NCAA singles titles. In 2019, Steven opened Coral Oaks Tennis and Wellness, where she coached members in tennis, fitness, and mindset. In 2023, Steven started PIVOT, a fitness and nutrition business to help women find purpose and peace.
# 2017 Ligue de Football de Saint Pierre et Miquelon

The 2017 Ligue de Football de Saint Pierre et Miquelon will be the 32nd season of top-division football in Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Three clubs will compete in the league: AS Saint Pierraise, A.S. Miquelonnaise and A.S. Ilienne Amateur. The three teams played each other eight times, composing of a 16-match season starting in May 2017 and ending in September 2017.
Saint Pierraise are the defending champions.

## Clubs

| Team | Home city | Home ground |
| Ilienne Amateur | Saint-Pierre | Stade Léonce Claireaux |
| Miquelonnaise | Miquelon-Langlade | Stade de l'Avenir |
| Saint Pierraise | Saint-Pierre | Stade Léonce Claireaux |

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Ilienne Amateur | 16 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 35 | 18 | +17 | 50 | Champions |
| 2 | Saint Pierraise | 15 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 23 | 22 | +1 | 37 | |
| 3 | Miquelonnaise | 15 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 19 | 37 | −18 | 24 | |
# Bankruptcy in China

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China (trial Implementation) was first passed in 1986. On 1 June 2007, the new Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the PRC came into force. It contains 136 articles, almost 100 more than the 1986 law it replaced, and consequently it is thought to be more complete legally.
The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the PRC was adopted on August 27, 2006, and became effective since June 1, 2007.
Personal bankruptcy laws only exist in Hong Kong and Shenzhen.
The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the PRC 2007 applies only to the mainland of China. Due to the "one country, two systems" policy of the PRC, different laws and regulations regarding to bankruptcy apply in Hong Kong and Macau.
# Hale Corner, Wisconsin

Hale Corner is an unincorporated community located in the town of Otter Creek, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named for its first known settler, Charles H. Hale, who came from Maine in 1856.
# Kreppel

Kreppel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amie Kreppel, American political scientist
* Jonas Kreppel (1874–1940), Austrian-Jewish scholar, writer, and publicist
* Paul Kreppel (born 1947), American actor and director
* Walter Kreppel (1923–2003), German bass singer
# Capone (surname)

Capone is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## Family of Al Capone

* Al Capone (1899–1947), prominent Chicago gangster from the 1920s
* Albert Francis Capone (1918–2004), also known as Sonny, son of Al Capone
* Frank Capone (1895–1924), Chicago mobster, brother of Al Capone
* James Vincenzo Capone (1892–1952), legally changed his name to Richard James Hart after the First World War, oldest brother of Al Capone
* Ralph Capone (1894–1974), Chicago mobster, brother of Al Capone
* Mae Capone (1897–1986), wife and widow of Al Capone

## Other Capones

* Andrea Capone (born 1981), Italian football midfielder
* Alessandro Capone (director) (born 1955), Italian film director and screenwriter
* Carlo Capone, Italian rally racing driver
* Claudio Capone (1952–2008), Italian film and television program narrator
* Julie St. Claire (born/credited Juliette Capone), American film celebrity
* Loredana Capone (born 1951), president of the Regional Council of Apulia
* Louis Capone (1896–1944), New York mobster
* Tom Capone (1966–2004), born Luiz Antonio Ferreira Gonçalves, Brazilian music producer and guitarist
* Tomer Capone (born 1985), Israeli actor
* Warren Capone (born 1951), American football linebacker
# Thomas Clare

Thomas Clare may refer to:
* Thomas Clare (cricketer) (1883–1940), English cricketer
* Thomas Clare (monk), medieval English Benedictine monk and university chancellor
* Tommy Clare (1865–1929), English international footballer
* Tom Clare (singer) (1876–1946), British music hall singer
* Tom Clare (footballer) (born 1999), English footballer
* Tom Clare (lawyer), American lawyer
# James Andrew Healy

Lieutenant (later Colonel) James Andrew Healy was a World War I flying ace credited with five victories.

## Biography

He was the son of Colonel Daniel Healy, one of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders who was killed at San Juan Hill in the Spanish–American War, and Mrs. Mary A. Healy of Jersey City, New Jersey.
James Andrew Healy joined the Air Service, United States Army in July 1917 and was trained near Toronto, Ontario, Canada by the Royal Flying Corps. After flight training, he deployed to France and was assigned to the 147th Aero Squadron in 1918. Flying the SPAD XIII he scored five confirmed victories and became the fourth highest scoring ace in his squadron.
Post-war Healy remained in the air corps and was technical advisor on William Wellman's 1927 movie, Wings. Healy retired on a disability with the rank of Major in 1936.
He returned to service in World War II and was promoted to Colonel.
# GP Beiras e Serra da Estrela

The Volta Internacional Cova da Beira (officially: Grande Prémio Internacional Beiras e Serra da Estrela) is a professional cycling race held annually in Portugal. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour as a category 2.2 event. Prior to 2023, the race was held as a category 2.1 event. It is officially named after the administrative division of Portugal known as Beiras e Serra da Estrela.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2016 | Portugal | Joni Brandão | Efapel |
| 2017 | Spain | Jesús del Pino | Efapel |
| 2018 | Russia | Dmitry Strakhov | Lokosphinx |
| 2019 | Colombia | Edwin Ávila | Israel Cycling Academy |
| 2020 | No race due to COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021– 2022 | No race | No race | No race |
| 2023 | | Artem Nych | Glassdrive–Q8–Anicolor |
| 2024 | | Artem Nych | Sabgal–Anicolor |
# Getting to Know You

"Getting to Know You" may refer to:
* "Getting to Know You" (song), a 1951 show tune from The King and I
* Getting to Know You (short story), a 1998 science fiction short story by David Marusek
* Getting to Know You (short story collection), a 2007 science fiction short story collection by David Marusek
* Getting to Know You (1999 film), a 1999 film starring Heather Matarazzo and Sonja Sohn
* Getting to Know You (2005 film), a 2005 film starring Ian Gomez
* Getting to Know You (album), a 1995 album by Mulgrew Miller
# 2017 Lima Challenger

The 2017 Lima Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Lima, Peru between October 23 and October 29, 2017.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ARG | Federico Delbonis | 69 | 1 |
| DOM | Víctor Estrella Burgos | 80 | 2 |
| ARG | Nicolás Kicker | 87 | 3 |
| ESP | Roberto Carballés Baena | 101 | 4 |
| ITA | Marco Cecchinato | 106 | 5 |
| ARG | Carlos Berlocq | 112 | 6 |
| POR | Gastão Elias | 116 | 7 |
| NOR | Casper Ruud | 134 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 16 October 2017.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Nicolás Álvarez
* Mauricio Echazú
* Emilio Gómez
* Juan Pablo Varillas
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Daniel Muñoz de la Nava
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* José Hernández-Fernández
* Dimitar Kuzmanov
* Roberto Quiroz
* Blaž Rola

## Champions
### Singles

* Gerald Melzer def. Jozef Kovalík 7–5, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$.

### Doubles

* Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela / Blaž Rola def. Gonçalo Oliveira / Grzegorz Panfil 7–5, 6–3.
# Hale County

Hale County is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Hale County, Alabama
* Hale County, Texas
# 2001 in Cyprus

Events in the year 2001 in Cyprus.

## Incumbents

* President: Glafcos Clerides
* President of the Parliament: Spyros Kyprianou (until 7 June); Dimitris Christofias (starting 7 June)

## Events

Ongoing – Cyprus dispute
* 27 May – AKEL, a communist party, won 20 of the 56 seats in the parliament following parliamentary elections. The voter turnout was 91.8%.
# HMS Electra

Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Electra, after the Greek mythological figure, Electra:
* HMS Electra (1806) was a 16-gun brig-sloop launched in 1806 and wrecked in 1808.
* HMS Electra (1808) was a 16-gun brig-sloop, previously the French Espiegle. She was captured in 1808 by HMS Sybille and was sold in 1816.
* HMS Electra (1837) was an 18-gun sloop launched in 1837 and sold in 1862.
* HMS Electra (1896) was a Brazen-class destroyer launched in 1896 and reclassified as a C-class destroyer in 1913. She was sold for scrapping in 1920.
* HMS Electra (H27) was an E-class destroyer launched in 1934 and sunk in 1942.
# Legality of corporal punishment

Legality of corporal punishment may refer to
* Child corporal punishment laws
* Judicial corporal punishment
# James Farrer (Australian politician)

James Farish Farrer (6 January 1876 – 6 July 1967) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Modewarre, where he attended state school before qualifying as a woolclasser. He became a grazier at Modewarre and later at Pirron Yallock, and on 28 February 1914 married Alice Annie Jenkins, with whom he had two sons. In 1906 he won a by-election for the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Barwon. A Liberal, he served until his defeat in 1917. Farrer retired around 1929 and died in Richmond in 1967.
# Gagarin International Airport

Gagarin International Airport can mean:
* Yuri Gagarin Airport, Angola
* Gagarinsky International Airport
# Alexander Gitovich

Alexander Ilyich Gitovich (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Гито́вич; 1 March 1909 — 9 August 1966) was a Soviet Russian poet and translator of Chinese and Korean poetry (Li Bai, Du Fu, Mao Zedong and others).
Gitovich was born in Smolensk and studied at Leningrad State University. He participated to the Great Patriotic War. He died in Komarovo, Saint Petersburg, and was buried there, not far from his friend Anna Akhmatova's grave.

## Works

* Мы входим в Пишпек, 1931
* Фронтовые стихи, 1943
* Стихи военного корреспондента, 1947
* Стихи о Корее, 1950
* Под звездами Азии, 1955
* Пиры в Армении, 1968
* Мы видели Корею, 1948 (в соавторстве с Б.Бурсовым)