OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grainger Falls

Grainger Falls is a waterfall in Fiordland, New Zealand. It is a combination of a tiered and fan type waterfall.
Grainger Falls was first recorded by Andreas Reischek, an Austrian who explored New Zealand in the 1880s. He named the waterfall after his friend Alfred Grainger. Its exact location was established on 6 February 2006, by Dr David Richards and Dr Roy Gordon Grainger. As the stream which drains Lake Hector and contains the waterfall was unnamed, the NZ Geographic Naming Board called it Grainger Stream. Grainger Falls and Stream are now recorded in the New Zealand Gazetteer of Official Geographic Names. They are shown on the West Cape (CF04) map which is part of the NZ Topo50 series.
# Mayberry, Tasmania

Mayberry is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Meander Valley in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 58 kilometres (36 mi) south of the town of Devonport. The 2016 census determined a population of 15 for the state suburb of Mayberry.

## History

The locality was previously known as Circular Ponds. Its name is believed to be derived from the names of two cows of an early settler, “May” and “Berry”. The name was gazetted in 1965.

## Geography

The Mersey River forms a small part of the western boundary. The Mole Creek Karst National Park abuts the eastern boundary. The Mersey River Forest Reserve abuts the south-western boundary. Marakoopa Creek runs through the locality from south-west to north-east. The circular ponds which led to the original name still exist on flat land beside the creek.

## Road infrastructure

The B12 route (Liena Road) passes through the locality from east to west, forming a small section of the south-western boundary before entering Liena. The C138 route (Mersey Forest Road) starts at an intersection on this boundary and runs south through Liena. The C170 route (Mayberry Road) starts from Liena Road and runs south-west through the locality to Marakoopa Cave.
# Plake

Plake may refer to:
* Glen Plake (born 1964), American skier
* Hunter Plake (born 1995), American singer and songwriter
* Plake (Mysia), a town of ancient Mysia, Anatolia
# Atareta Kawana Ropiha Mere Rikiriki

Atareta Kawana Ropiha Mere Rikiriki (1855 – 13 March 1926), known as Mere Rikiriki, was a New Zealand prophet. Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngāti Apa iwi. She was born in New Zealand in about 1855.
# Phenylpropiolic acid

Phenylpropiolic acid, C$_6$H$_5$CCCO$_2$H, formed by the action of alcoholic potash on cinnamic acid dibromide, C$_6$H$_5$CHBrCHBrCO$_2$H, crystallizes in long needles or prisms which melt at 136–137 °C. When heated with water to 120 °C, it yields phenylacetylene (C$_6$H$_5$CCH). Chromic acid oxidizes it to benzoic acid; zinc and acetic acid reduce it to cinnamic acid, C$_6$H$_5$CH=CHCO$_2$H, whilst sodium amalgam reduces it to hydrocinnamic acid, C$_6$H$_5$CH$_2$CH$_2$CO$_2$H. Ortho-nitrophenylpropiolic acid, NO$_2$C$_6$H$_4$CCCO$_2$H, prepared by the action of alcoholic potash on ortho-nitrocinnamic acid dibromide, crystallizes in needles which decompose when heated to 155–156 °C. It is readily converted into indigo.
# HMS Ithuriel

Two ships of the British Royal Navy have been called HMS Ithuriel after an angel in John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost:
* The first, HMS Ithuriel (1916), was a Marksman-class flotilla leader originally named Gabriel but renamed before her launching in 1916. After serving through the First World War she was broken up in 1921.
* The second, HMS Ithuriel (H05), was a destroyer built for the Turkish Navy as Gayret but taken over by the Royal Navy on the outbreak of the Second World War whilst still under construction. She was sunk in 1942 but salvaged at the end of the war to be scrapped. The name was originally planned for reuse in 1940 for a minelayer but the boat (pennant M39) was launched as HMS Abdiel instead.
# Blabomma californicum

Blabomma californicum is a species of true spider in the family Dictynidae. It is found in the United States.
# George S. Bolster

George S. Bolster (1913–1989) was an American photographer from Saratoga Springs, New York. Bolster is noted as the creator of the George S. Bolster Collection of 375,000 negatives, chiefly from the Saratoga Springs area from the period 1855–1980, taken by himself and other photographers. The collection is now in the Saratoga Springs History Museum.
Bolster was born in Saratoga Springs in 1913 and exhibited an early interest in photography. He graduated from St. Peter's Academy in Saratoga Springs and opened a photography studio. In 1958 he took over the business of another well-known Saratoga Springs photographer, Harry B. Settle. Settle's collection contained negatives by J. S. Wooley, Gustave Lorey, Seneca Ray Stoddard, C.C. Cook, and H.C. Ashby in addition to Settle's own work. To this Bolster added a large collection he acquired from another photographer, Joe Deuel, plus his own numerous photos of the Saratoga scene. Bolster died in 1989 and willed his collection to the Saratoga Springs History Museum.

## Personal

George Bolster married Helen Elizabeth Baker (1912–2011) in 1938 in Saratoga Springs. The couple had two children, a daughter, Suzanne and a son Frederick Baker Bolster. They are buried in Greenridge Cemetery in Saratoga Springs.
# Frank Hughes (artist)

Frank Edward Burnham Hughes, N.E.A.C (1905–1987) was an English painter and member of the New English Art Club.

## Life and work

Frank Hughes was born at St Pancras, London. He studied at St Martin's School of Art in the 1920s and served in the British Army in WW2. In order to support himself he worked in administration for the London water board. He had an important friendship with the painter, Edward Bishop RBA, NEAC. Other contemporaries were Francis Gower, Brian Blow and Ronald Horton. He also worked with Marjorie Jenkins at and around Goosberry Cottage, Lindsey Tye, near Hadleigh Suffolk.
His partner in later years was Kathleen Haacke, MBE. He travelled with her in Italy and France, producing on their travels drawings and watercolours of landscapes and cafés: these formed the basis of subsequent paintings, often, like his portraits, dark and small.
He had a hatred of the Establishment and was very left wing in his outlook. He spent most of his life in Hampstead and North London, working from a studio in Muswell Hill for 25 years. He suffered from emphysema as a result of heavy smoking, when he worked his way from a cigarette through a cigar to a pipe. He died in Hampstead in 1987.

## Exhibitions

He exhibited Winter Landscape at the Royal Academy in 1954 (Gallery #4); Landscape from a Window in 1955 (Gallery #1 alongside Sir Winston Churchill, Sir Alfred Munnings, Sir Gerald Kelly, Sr William Russell Flint, James Fitton, Stanley Spencer and Henry Lamb). Additionally, Dorset Landscape was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1961.
# Chazhashi

Chazhashi (Georgian: ჩაჟაში) is a village in the Mestia Municipality, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Georgia. It is located in the southern foothills of the Greater Caucasus mountains, in the upper Enguri River valley, at the elevation of 2,160 m above sea level. The village is part of the historical region of Svaneti and center of the Ushguli community. Its medieval fortified structures are inscribed on the registry of Georgia's Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Upper Svaneti entity.

## Geography

Chazhashi is the main settlement of Ushguli, a conglomeration of four villages and one of the highest inhabited places in Europe. Under Georgia's current subdivision, it is part of the Mestia Municipality, located some 45 km west of the municipal center, the town of Mestia, at the confluence of the Enguri and Shavtskala rivers.

## Cultural heritage

Chazhashi is home to dozens of structures dating from the medieval and early modern periods of the history of Georgia, namely, its northwestern highland province of Svaneti. Of these are 13 well-preserved Svanetian tower houses—a typically three- to five-floor structures attached to the family houses—as well as four medieval castles, including one called Tamar's Castle in reference to the queen-regnant Tamar of Georgia (r. 1184–1213), who is believed by local folk tradition to have used it as her summertime residence. There are also two stone churches and several accessory buildings. The churches, one named St. George (Jgrag) and the other named the Lamaria (after the goddess Lamaria in Savneti mythology), date from the 10th and 11th–12th centuries, respectively. The former is part of the Tamar Castle; the latter is frescoed. Several monuments of Chazhashi were damaged by a massive avalanche in January 1987. Beginning in 2000, the Georgian government and the National Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS Georgia), presided over multidisciplinary research of the village's cultural heritage and restoration and conservation projects.

## Population

Chazhashi is a village, with the permanent population of only 28 persons, all Svans, an ethnic Georgian subgroup, as of the 2014 nationwide census.
| Population | 2002 census | 2014 census |
| Total | 34 | 28 |
# Grainger Games

Grainger Games Limited was a British video game retail chain based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Founded by Stephen Bowyer in 1996, it operated shops across Northern England and Scotland. In March 2018, due to financial issues, the company ceased trading and closed all of its 67 shops, leading to the redundancy of 400 employees.

## History

Grainger Games began as a market stall run by Stephen Bowyer in 1996, located in the Grainger Market, Newcastle upon Tyne. The company planned to have a chain of between 75 and 100 shops by 2013, of which about 40 were expected to be in Yorkshire. Stores were opened in Grimsby, Hull, Chesterfield, Doncaster, Leeds, Derby, York and Sheffield, with the most recent being a concession in Fenwick, Newcastle.
By June 2014, the company had 419 employees. Grainger Games was named Independent Retailer of the Year by MCV in 2008 and 2010, respectively.
Grainger Games were the main sponsor for the Games Media Awards in 2011, however, its attendees were criticised for their behaviour during the event, which included heckling the compere and award winners' acceptance speeches. The company hired dwarves and booth models to present the awards, as well as littering the dinner tables with orange condoms.
On 21 March 2018, amid the closures of other retail chains, such as Toys "R" Us and Maplin, multiple investors pulled their credit offerings for Grainger Games, leaving the company in a financially critical situation. As a result of this, on 28 March, 21 of Grainger Games' 67 stores were told not to open as their store would not be included in any future bid for the company. The same message was delivered to the remaining 46 stores the following day. Additionally, the corporate website was taken down, displaying an HTTP 404 error page instead. All of Grainger Games' roughly 400 employees were made redundant, receiving payments for all working hours through to 31 March. The company ceased trading effective on 28 March 2018.
# George O'Hara

George O'Hara may refer to:
* George O'Hara (actor) (1899–1966), American film actor and screenwriter of the silent film era
* George O'Hara (pseudonym), alias of Beatles musician George Harrison
* George O'Hara (footballer) (1933–2018), Scottish football player (Dundee FC, Queen of the South FC)
# Wzonka-Lad

Wzonka-Lad is a Nintendo Game Boy emulator for the Amiga series of home computers.

## History

Wzonka-Lad was written by Ville Helin in 68020 assembler.
The reason why Wzonka-Lad came to be was Virtual Game Boy (VGB), a Game Boy emulator written in C ported to Amiga. It ran so slowly on Amiga hardware that Helin decided to write one faster in assembly language.
The emulator requires at least a 68020 processor, provides several options to vary game speed and colours and supports graphics and sound cards (via CyberGraphX and AHI).
In comparison to other Game Boy emulators for Amiga, version 0.64 was slower and more compatible than AmigaGameBoy, but faster than Unix ports like VGB. Version 0.99 was able to achieve playable speed for most games on systems with a 68030 50 MHz processor or higher.
In August 2003, Wzonka-Lad dropped its shareware status, and was released as free software under the GPL-2.0-only license.
# Gastilonys

Gastilonys is a former village in the Kaišiadorys District Municipality, Lithuania, located 1 kilometer south of Grabučiškės, on the right bank of the Kaunas Reservoir.
The Gastilonys Botanical-Zoological Reserve has been established in the village, where Gastilonys oak [lt] grows.

## History

The village used to be on the right bank of the Neman, east of Mozūrai [lt]. In 1959, Kaunas was flooded during the construction of the Kaunas Hydroelectric Power Plant, creating the Kaunas Reservoir.

### Origin of the name

The name of the village comes from the surname Gastila.
# Canton of Sevran

The Canton of Sevran is a French administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Le Raincy, in the Seine-Saint-Denis département (Île-de-France région). Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Sevran.

## Composition

It consists of the following communes:
* Sevran
* Villepinte

## Adjacent cantons

* Canton of Tremblay-en-France (east)
* Canton of Aulnay-sous-Bois (west)
* Canton of Livry-Gargan (south)
# Blaby & Whetstone Athletic F.C.

Blaby & Whetstone Athletic Football Club is a football club based in Whetstone, near Leicester, Leicestershire, England. They play at Warwick Road.

## History

The club was founded in 1928 as Whetstone Athletic and initially played in the Leicester City League. They joined Division Two of the Leicestershire Senior League in 1967, and after finishing third in 1970–71, were promoted to Division One. However, they finished bottom of Division One the following season, and were relegated back to Division Two. In 1974–75 Whetstone were Division Two runners-up and were promoted to Division One. However, they were relegated again the following season after finishing second-from-bottom of Division One. In 1983 Division Two was renamed Division One, and in 1993 the club adopted their current name after moving to the Warwick Road and absorbing the Blaby Boys Club.
The 1999–2000 season saw Blaby & Whetstone finish as Division One runners-up, earning promotion to the Premier Division. They won the Battle of Britain Cup in 2004–05, beating Thurnby Rangers in the final, and went on to win both the League Cup and the Leicestershire and Rutland Senior Cup in 2007–08, claiming the latter with a 2–0 win against Anstey Town after extra time. The following season they were runners-up in the Premier Division. After finishing third in 2010–11, they were promoted to the East Midlands Counties League. In 2013–14 they won the Westerby Cup, beating Quorn 2–0 in the final.
In March 2018, Blaby & Whetstone resigned from the East Midlands Counties League. They were subsequently accepted into the Premier Division of the Leicestershire Senior League for the 2018–19 season.

## Honours

* Leicestershire Senior League
** League Cup winners 2007–08
* Westerby Cup
** Winners 2013–14
* Leicestershire and Rutland Senior Cup
** Winners 2007–08
* Battle of Britain Cup
** Winners 2004–05

## Records

* Best FA Cup performance: Second qualifying round, 2013–14, 2014–15
* Best FA Vase performance: Third round, 2003–04
# Frank Hughes (runner)

Frank Hughes (3 September 1889 – 4 June 1974) was a Canadian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Chazey Court Barn

Chazey Court Barn is a 17th-century Grade I listed building in the town of Reading in England. It forms part of the Chazey Court Farm complex and is situated close to the Thames at the western end of The Warren in the suburb of Caversham.
The barn is a large 7 bay building with a steep roof, built of red brick. It displays a very similar construction style to Mapledurham House, an Elizabethan stately home some 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the north-west of the barn. The barn is categorised by English Heritage as being in very bad condition, subject to immediate risk of further rapid deterioration or loss of fabric, and with no solution agreed with the owners. It is not in use, and has visible structural cracking, whilst the gable has temporary shoring. In early 2020 it was reported that the owners were to be issued with a final notice by Reading Borough Council, indicating that if necessary the council would carry out the necessary works on behalf of the owner and pass on the costs to them.
Work undertaken by Oxford Archaeology and using dendrochronology techniques dates the construction of the barn to 1611 or shortly thereafter, and also indicates that the other buildings of the farm complex date from a similar date or later. Research undertaken by the Oxfordshire Record Society in 1925 suggest that the farmhouse was the site of the Manor of Mapledurham Chazey, acquired in 1582 by the owners of the adjoining estate of Mapledurham Gurney in order to create the current Mapledurham estate. They surmise that the new owners, who also built Mapledurham House at around the same time, demolished the old manorial buildings and replaced them with new farm buildings.

## Gallery

* Approach to the barn from The Warren
* The gable end of the barn
* The barn, with farmhouse to the left
# Elymus hoffmannii

Elymus hoffmannii is a species of grass known by the common name RS wheatgrass. It was described as a new species in 1996. It became known to science when some grasses were collected in Turkey in 1979 and one type was successfully bred out, proving to be a natural hybrid. E. hoffmannii is derived from this hybrid between Elymus repens and the bluebunch wheatgrasses (Pseudoroegneria spp.) of Turkey, such as Pseudoroegneria spicata.
This is a rhizomatous perennial grass with stems up to 1.35 m tall. The spikes are up to half a metre long with spikelets up to 2.7 cm in length. This species can be distinguished from its relative, E. repens, by its smaller rhizomes, longer leaves, and shorter awns.
This grass is used for grazing livestock. There are several cultivars available, including 'NewHy', which combines "the vigor, productivity, salt tolerance and persistence of quackgrass with the drought resistance, growth habit, seed quality and forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass." It remains edible for livestock later in the season than other wheatgrasses, and it withstands grazing pressure. It can produce two or more hay harvests. Another cultivar is 'AC Saltlander', which is especially tolerant of higher soil salinity.
# Mautodontha consobrina

†Mautodontha consobrina was a species of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae.
This species was endemic to French Polynesia. It is now extinct.
# George Burnside (American football)

George Harrison Burnside (January 21, 1899 – November 1, 1962) was a blocking back in the National Football League. He played with the Racine Tornadoes during the 1926 NFL season. He died on November 1, 1962, in Seattle.
# Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges

The Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges (CLAC) is a nonprofit organization of 75 American liberal arts colleges which formed in 1984 under the leadership of Oberlin College's president S. Frederick Starr. CLAC brings together the IT professionals from its member colleges and universities to help those institutions make the best use of technology to enrich students’ learning, facilitate teaching and research, and to support the business of the higher education. CLAC has been supporting collaboration, knowledge sharing, professional growth of its IT members, and advocacy for the liberal arts at the national level for more three decades.
The organization celebrated its 20th Annual Conference in 2018.

## Members

Northeast
* Allegheny College
* Amherst College
* Barnard College
* Bates College
* Bowdoin College
* Bryn Mawr College
* Bucknell University
* Colby College
* Colgate University
* College of the Holy Cross
* Connecticut College
* Dickinson College
* Franklin and Marshall College
* Gettysburg College
* Hamilton College
* Haverford College
* Hobart and William Smith Colleges
* Lafayette College
* Manhattan University
* Middlebury College
* Mount Holyoke College
* Saint Michael's College
* Skidmore College
* Smith College
* St. Lawrence University
* Swarthmore College
* Trinity College
* Union College
* Ursinus College
* Vassar College
* Wellesley College
* Wesleyan University
* Wheaton College (Massachusetts)
* Williams College
* Washington College
Midwest
* Albion College
* Alma College
* Beloit College
* Carleton College
* College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University
* College of Wooster
* Colorado College
* Denison University
* DePauw University
* Earlham College
* Grinnell College
* Hope College
* Kalamazoo College
* Kenyon College
* Lake Forest College
* Lawrence University
* Luther College
* Macalester College
* Oberlin College
* Ohio Wesleyan University
* St. Olaf College
* Wabash College
* Wheaton College (Illinois)
South
* Berea College
* Davidson College
* Furman University
* Morehouse College
* Rhodes College
* Rollins College
* Sewanee: The University of the South
* Southwestern University
* Spelman College
* Trinity University
* Washington and Lee University
* Wofford College
West
* Claremont McKenna College
* Harvey Mudd College
* Occidental College
* Pitzer College
* Pomona College
* Reed College
* Scripps College
* Whitman College
* Whittier College
# Gastineau Channel

Gastineau Channel (Lingít: Séet Ká) is a channel between the mainland of the U.S. state of Alaska and Douglas Island in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska. It separates Juneau on the mainland side from Douglas (now part of Juneau), on Douglas Island. The first European to sight the channel was Joseph Whidbey whilst serving on the Royal Navy's Vancouver Expedition early in August 1794, first from the south and later from the west. It was probably named for John Gastineau, an English civil engineer and surveyor.

## Characteristics

The channel is navigable by large ships, only from the southeast, as far as the Douglas Bridge, approximately 9.7 miles (15.6 km). Between the bridge and Juneau International Airport, approximately 8.1 miles (13.0 km), it is navigable only by smaller craft and only at high tide.
The channel is becoming increasingly unnavigable due to shallow water depths. The two principal causes for this are:
* Isostatic rebound following the retreat of glacial ice sheets
* Sedimentation and infilling of the Gastineau Channel by silty sediment produced by the Mendenhall Glacier and Mendenhall River.
If current trends continue, Gastineau Channel may eventually become dry or unnavigable or both.
During isostatic rebound, the Earth's lithosphere (crust) is slowly rising because of buoyant forces, following the removal of a large mass on the surface. This can be likened to an ice cube floating in a glass of water with a penny sitting on top. The weight of the penny makes the ice cube float lower, similar to the immense weight of a glacier on top of the lithosphere. When the penny (glacier) is removed, the ice cube (lithosphere) "rebounds" and floats slightly higher. In the geologic case, that scenario happens very slowly. Rates of isostatic rebound throughout SE Alaska vary from 0.1 to 1.5 inches/year depending on glacial history. The approximate rebound rate in the Juneau area is 0.25 to 0.5 inches/year.
# Pieter Nuyts (disambiguation)

Pieter Nuyts may refer to:
* Pieter Nuyts (1598–1655), Dutch explorer, diplomat, and politician
* Pieter Nuyts (Governor-General) (d. 1708), Dutch Governor-General of the Dutch Gold Coast
* Pieter Nuyts (writer) (1640–1709), Dutch poet and playwright