OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Francis (barrister)

Sir Robert Anthony Francis KC (born 4 April 1950) is a British barrister. He specialises in medical law, including medical and mental health treatment and capacity issues, clinical negligence and professional discipline. He has appeared as a barrister for and chaired several high-profile inquiries into medical controversies/scandals.
On 21 May 2024, the UK Government announced that Francis had been appointed as the Interim Chair of the Infected Blood Compensation Authority (IBCA).

## Education

Robert Francis was educated at Uppingham School, a boys' independent boarding and day school in the market town of Uppingham in Rutland, followed by the University of Exeter, where he qualified as Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) (Hons).

## Career

Francis has been a barrister since 1973 and became a Queen's Counsel in 1992. He is a Recorder (part-time Crown Court judge) and authorised to sit as a deputy High Court Judge. He is a governing Bencher of the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, where he has chaired its Education and Training Committee.

## Notable inquiry work as barrister

He appeared as a barrister in inquiries for various NHS scandals:
* investigation on behalf of the GMC over the activities of the disgraced gynaecologist Richard Neale. He was struck off in 2000 after botching operations on women for more than a decade.
* the Alder Hey organs scandal at Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool, report published on 30 January 2001
* the Bristol heart scandal at Bristol Royal Infirmary, report published on 18 July 2001

## Notable inquiry work as chairman

He chaired various independent inquiries:
* the care of Michael Stone who murdered Lin and Megan Russell, report published in 2006
* on behalf of NHS London, the care and treatment of Peter Bryan and Richard Loudwell at Broadmoor Hospital, report published in September 2009
* the first Stafford hospital inquiry report published on 24 February 2010
* the full public Stafford Hospital scandal inquiry The inquiry began on 8 November 2010 and published on 6 February 2013.

## More recent events

On 27 November 2013, it was announced that he had become the president of the Patients Association.
On 4 June 2014, it was announced that he had become a non-executive board member of the Care Quality Commission.
On 14 June 2014, it was announced that he had been knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours.
On 24 June 2014, it was announced that he would be chairing an NHS whistleblowing review, the Freedom to Speak Up Review. The report was published on 11 February 2015.
On 19 September 2018, it was announced that he would be the new Chair of Healthwatch England.
On 14 June 2021, it was announced that he would lead a compensation framework study for those impacted by Contaminated Blood.

## Publications by Francis

* Medical Treatment: Decisions and the Law (co-author, 2001, 2nd edition 2010)
# Maurice Larkin

Maurice J. M. Larkin (1932 – 2004) was an English historian specialising in the history of modern France. He held the Richard Pares Chair of History at Edinburgh University from 1976 till 1999. Larkin was also a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

## Selected works

* Gathering Pace; Continental Europe 1870-1945. New York: Humanities Press, 1970.
* Church and State after the Dreyfus Affair. The Separation Issue in France. London: Macmillan, 1974
** Translated into French as: L’Église et l’État en France. 1905 : la crise de la Séparation, Toulouse : Privat, Bibliothèque historique universelle, 2004
* Man and Society in Nineteenth-Century Realism. Macmillan, 1977
* France since the Popular Front : Government and People, 1936-1986. Oxford University Press, 1988, 1997
* Religion, Politics and Preferment in France since 1890. La Belle Époque and its Legacy. Cambridge University Press, 1995, 2002.

## Reception

His 1974 book on the events surrounding the 1905 separation of church and state in France was described as "a classic on French history of secularism" and as "still the standard account of the subject".
# Plaintive rain frog

The plaintive rain frog or rough rain frog (Breviceps verrucosus) is a species of frog in the family Brevicipitidae. It is found in Lesotho, South Africa, and Eswatini. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, dry savanna, temperate shrubland, temperate grassland, and rural gardens. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Congalach Cnogba

Conghalach Cnoghbha (older spelling: Congalach Cnogba or Congalach mac Máel Mithig) was High King of Ireland, according to the lists in the Annals of the Four Masters, from around 944 to 956. Congalach is one of the twelve "kings of Ireland" listed in the hand of the original scribe of the Annals of Ulster.
A member of the Síl nÁedo Sláine Kings of Brega, a branch of the southern Uí Néill, Congalach was a descendant in the tenth generation of Áed Sláine, which was presented as the basis for his kingship. Maternally, Congalach was a member of Clann Cholmáin, the dominant branch of the southern Uí Néill, a grandson of Flann Sinna and sister's son of his predecessor as High King Donnchad Donn. The Annals of Innisfallen, rather than having Congalach as sole High King, associate him with his frequent enemy Ruaidrí ua Canannáin of the Cenél Conaill.
The Irish annals record Congalach at war with most of his neighbours, variously ally and enemy of the Norse-Gael king of Dublin Amlaíb Cuarán. Congalach eventually met his death fighting the Laigin and the Norse-Gaels of Dublin in 956, in an ambush at Dún Ailinne (County Kildare).
Congalach Cnogba Síl nÁedo Sláine :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byDonnchad Donn | High King of Ireland 944–956 | Succeeded byDomnall ua Néill |
# Bill Holford

William Dwight Holford, Sr. (June 12, 1919, Bartlesville, Oklahoma – March 22, 1999, Houston, Texas) was an American recording engineer and record producer. For 44 of those years, from 1948 to 1982, he was the affiliated with ACA Studios (Audio Company of America) in Houston as an owner, partner, and audio engineer. Holford also helped build studios for several labels, including Duke/Peacock, Starday, Sarg Records, and Trumpet Records.

## ACA Studios

ACA was one of the earliest multi-track analog recording studios in the country.

### ACA recording artists

* Johnny Ace
* Chet Atkins
* Bobby Bland
* Bill Blevins
* Juke Boy Bonner
* Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown
* Jewel "Teasin'" Brown
* Goree Carter
* Harry Choates
* Arnett Cobb
* Johnny Copeland
* David Honeyboy Edwards
* Five Blind Boys of Mississippi
* Lefty Frizzell
* Clarence Garlow
* Mickey Gilley
* Rosco Gordon
* Peppermint Harris
* Smokey Hogg
* Lightnin' Hopkins
* Ivory Joe Hunter
* Elmore James
* B.B. King
* The Kingston Trio
* Willie Love
* Frankie Miller
* Willie Nelson
* Eddie Noack
* Junior Parker
* Webb Pierce
* Really Red
* Little Richard
* Buster Pickens
* Jimmy Swan
* B.J. Thomas
* Big Mama Thornton
* Mitchell Torok
* Ernest Tubb and His Texas Troubadours
* Big Joe Turner
* T-Bone Walker
* Tag Williams
* Sonny Boy Williamson (aka Alex Miller)
* Hop Wilson
* Johnny Winter
* Justin Wilson

### Labels that recorded at ACA

* Starday Records
* Mercury Records
* Peacock Records
* D Records
* Macy's Recordings
* ACA Records
* Arcadia
* Arhoolie
* Ayo
* Bellaire Records
* Columbia
* Cullum
* Decca
* De Luxe
* Delta Records
* Duke
* Excelsior
* FBC
* Freedom
* Herald
* H.M. Crowe
* Humble
* Imperial
* Kessler
* Martin
* MGM
* Natural
* Opera Record Company
* Paula Records
* Phamous
* RCA
* Revel
* Royalty
* Sarg Records
* Special Edition
* Trumpet

## Filmography

* Killing Fields (1984)

## ACA audio engineers and staff

* Kay Holford (Kathleen Assaf Holford, Bill's wife) had significant managerial responsibilities for the entire life of ACA Studios.
* Hank Lam: 1968–1972; engineer
* George Holsomback; born 1947, engineer from 1973 – 1974, chief engineer 1974–1978.
* Andy Bradley (born Andrew M. Bradley; 1951), audio engineer
* Sonny Ray Stolz (born Rae Roy Stolz; 1946), audio engineer and editor, among other things, helped Holford move from ACA's temporary location at Savoy Drive in Houston into the acquired defunct studios of Jimmy Duncan's Soundville at 8208 Westpark, Houston. Soundville Studios was a division of Jimmy Duncan Productions, Inc. Stolz worked for ACA from the summer of 1972 until early 1973.
* Bill Holford, jr.
# Canton of Huriel

The canton of Huriel is an administrative division in central France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 14 to 31 communes (3 of which merged into the new commune Haut-Bocage):
* Archignat
* Audes
* Bizeneuille
* Le Brethon
* Chambérat
* La Chapelaude
* Chazemais
* Cosne-d'Allier
* Courçais
* Estivareilles
* Haut-Bocage
* Hérisson
* Huriel
* Louroux-Bourbonnais
* Mesples
* Nassigny
* Reugny
* Saint-Caprais
* Saint-Désiré
* Saint-Éloy-d'Allier
* Saint-Martinien
* Saint-Palais
* Saint-Sauvier
* Sauvagny
* Tortezais
* Treignat
* Vallon-en-Sully
* Venas
* Viplaix
# Bishyanath Temple

Bishyanath Temple is a Hindu temple, dedicated to the Hindu God Shiva, in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. It is one of the notable temples in the district.
The temple is unique because of its pagoda-like architecture.
# A Convict's Sweetheart

A Convict's Sweetheart is a 1906 Australian play performed by Edward Irham Cole's Bohemian Dramatic Company. It may have been written by Cole.
The play was called "an English rural piece dealing with gambling and drink" and "a thrilling drama of thenearly Australian days."
The Sunday Sun said "The leading characters were well sustained by Vene Linden, W. H. Ayr, and Percy Goodwin, who were ably supported by the other members of the company."
The play was revived on several occasions.
# George Lackington

George Lackington (1777–1844) was an English bookseller and publisher.

## Life

He inherited the business of his distant relation James Lackington, on his retirement in 1798. He had started work in this bookselling business in Chiswell Street, London, at the age of 13; James Lackington was perhaps a third cousin, but George Lackington was usually known as the "nephew". His father was a prosperous coal merchant, and provided his son with the capital to purchase a share in Lackington, Allen, & Co.'s large shop in Finsbury Square. He became head of the firm in 1798.
The first volume of the Lackington's Catalogue, Michaelmas 1799 to Michaelmas 1800, described over 200,000 books; the second volume, which described over 800,000, was issued in 1803. Selling cheaply in large quantities, for cash only, was the business model, but the firm also went into publishing. Besides Lackington, the other members of the firm were Allen, who possessed a great knowledge of books acquired from early training with James Lackington, and Richard Hughes, also lessee of Sadler's Wells. Subsequent partners were A. Kirkman, Mavor, a son of William Fordyce Mavor of Woodstock, and Jones. In 1822 the business was conducted under the name of Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Lepard.
The Egyptian Hall in Piccadilly was bought by Lackington, and let for miscellaneous exhibitions. In his later years he was an official assignee of bankrupts in London. He died at St. John's Wood on 31 March 1844, aged 76.
On the retirement of George Lackington, Joseph Harding became the chief partner, and the business was moved to Pall Mall East by Harding and Lepard. Many well-known booksellers received their training there; the "last of the Lackingtonians", Kanes James Ford, died 11 December 1886, at the age of 94.

## Family

He married a daughter of Captain Bullock, R.N., and left two daughters.
# Robert G. O'Meally

Robert George O'Meally is an American scholar of African American culture and jazz. He is the Zora Neale Hurston Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University.

## Biography

O'Meally grew up in Washington, D.C., to George O’Meally and Ethel Browne O'Meally, who was a noted educator in the district's public school system. He received his B.A. from Stanford University and Ph.D. from Harvard University. He taught at Howard University from 1975 to 1978, Wesleyan University from 1978 to 1989, and joined the faculty of Barnard College in 1989 as the Adolph S. and Effie Ochs Professorship of Literature. He has been teaching at Columbia University since 1993, when he was appointed to the Hurston Professorship. He founded Columbia's Center for Jazz Studies in 1999 and led the center until 2007.
O'Meally has written extensively about jazz artists, including Billie Holiday and African-American culture, notably on the life and works of Ralph Ellison and Sterling Allen Brown.
O'Meally received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1989. He was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Historical Album in 1999 for producing the album The Jazz Singers.
He is married to Jacqui Malone, professor of dance at Queens College, City University of New York.
# Maurice Lévy

Maurice Lévy (February 28, 1838, in Ribeauvillé – September 30, 1910, in Paris) was a French engineer and member of the Institut de France.
Lévy was born in Ribeauvillé in Alsace. Educated at the École Polytechnique, where he was a student of Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant, and the École des Ponts et Chaussées, he became an engineer in 1863. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), he was entrusted by the Government of National Defense with the control of part of the artillery. During the next decade he held several educational positions, becoming professor at the École Centrale in 1875, member of the commission of the geodetic survey of France in 1879, and professor at the Collège de France in 1885.

## Total strain theory

Lévy changed the assumption, "the directions of principal strains coincide with those of the principal stresses", stated by Saint-Venant, to "the directions of increments of principal strains coincide with those of the principal stresses" and that was also the first attempt of using an incremental flow rule.
In 1888 Lévy inaugurated a system of boat-traction by means of overhead cables. A trial system was installed between Joinville-le-Pont and Saint-Maurice; it consisted of an endless cable which was kept in motion by powerful steam-engines and to which boats were attached and thus kept at a speed of four kilometers an hour. The system proved unsatisfactory, however.

## Selected works

Lévy is the author of several works, including:
* "La Statique Graphique et Ses Applications à l'Art des Constructions" (1874; 2d ed. 1887);
* "Sur le Principe d'Énergie" (1888);
* "Étude des Moyens de Traction des Bateaux: Le Halage Funiculaire" (with M. G. Pavie, 1894)
Lévy also wrote papers on kinematics, mechanics, physical mathematics, geometry, etc., in the "Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences", the "Journal de l'École Polytechnique", and the "Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées".
Lévy was an officer of the Legion of Honor and of public instruction, and a member of the Academy of Sciences and of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Rome.
# Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth

Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth, also known as 'S157', is a decision of the High Court of Australia.
It is an important case in Australian Administrative Law, in particular for its holdings about Parliament's inability to restrict the availability of constitutional writs.
As of September 2020, 'S157' is the 12th most cited case of the High Court.

## Background

The plaintiff, wished to challenge a decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal denying him a protection visa. Two sections of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) denied him the right to appeal the decision. The plaintiff applied to the High Court, arguing that the relevant sections did not apply to applications for relief under s75(v) of the Constitution. s474 purported to make certain decisions ("privative clause decisions") final and unreviewable, stating that such decisions are "not subject to prohibition, mandamus, injunction, declaration or certiorari in any court on any account". S486A placed time limits on applications to the High Court in respect of these decisions.
The plaintiff argued that s474 was directly inconsistent with s75(v) and therefore invalid.
The privative clause was based on that considered in R v Hickman, with Philip Ruddock, the Minister for Immigration, stating:
   Members may be aware that the effect of a privative clause such as that used in Hickman's case is to expand the legal validity of the acts done and the decisions made by decision-makers. The result is to give decision makers wider lawful operation for their decisions, and this means that the grounds on which those decisions can be challenged in the Federal and High Courts are narrower than currently.

## Decision

The Hickman principle was, the majority held, simply a rule of construction allowing apparently incompatible statutory provisions to be reconciled.$^{:p501}$
Two rules of construction relating to privative clauses were held to exist:
* "if there is an opposition between the Constitution and any such provision, it should be resolved by adopting [an] interpretation [consistent with the Constitution if] that is fairly open." (per Hickman); and
* Privative clauses are construed strictly.
Applying these principles led to the conclusion that although the two sections were valid, they did not apply to the plaintiff's action in the High Court because the section did not extend to decisions affected by jurisdictional error. Gaudron, McHugh, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ said:
   104. The reservation to this Court by the Constitution of the jurisdiction in all matters in which the named constitutional writs or an injunction are sought against an officer of the Commonwealth is a means of assuring to all people affected that officers of the Commonwealth obey the law and neither exceed nor neglect any jurisdiction which the law confers on them. The centrality, and protective purpose, of the jurisdiction of this Court in that regard places significant barriers in the way of legislative attempts (by privative clauses or otherwise) to impair judicial review of administrative action.$^{:p513}$
# Athylia viduata

Athylia viduata is a species of longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Pascoe in 1864.
# Phacelia argentea

Phacelia argentea is a rare species of phacelia known by the common names sand dune phacelia and silvery phacelia. It is native to the coastline of southwestern Oregon and far northwestern California, where it was counted at a total of 33 sites in 1995. It is the only phacelia species endemic to coastal sand dune habitat, an ecosystem which is altered and declining in the area.
This is a hairy, fleshy perennial herb growing prostrate or upright to a maximum length near 45 centimeters. The leaves are thick and coated in long, straight, silvery hairs. They are roughly oval, pointed or rounded at the tips, and up to 12 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an array of one-sided coiling cymes of many bell-shaped flowers each about half a centimeter long. The flower is white or cream with whiskery protruding stamens.
The flowers are pollinated by honey bees, bumble bees, and a local native leafcutter bee (Anthidium palliventre).
A main threat to this rare species is the presence of the introduced non-native European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria), which was once planted to stabilize the sand dunes and now dominates.
# Canton of Fontenay-sous-Bois

The canton of Fontenay-sous-Bois is an administrative division of the Val-de-Marne department, Île-de-France region, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Fontenay-sous-Bois.
It consists of the following communes:
* Fontenay-sous-Bois
* Vincennes (partly)
# Frank L. Pitts

Frank L. Pitts (April 25, 1841 – February 4, 1905) was an American politician. He served as the State Treasurer of Missouri from 1897 to 1901.
# George Humphrey (naturalist)

George Humphrey (c. 1739–1826) was an English auctioneer and dealer.
Humphrey purchased and sold "curiosities", notably shells, insect and bird specimens and ethnographic specimens. Much of his stock was purchased from ships' crews, in particular from Captain Cook's voyages. His 1810 address was 48 Long Acre, 4 Leicester Street, Leicester Square, London. His sister Elizabeth (1735–1816) married a leading international mineral dealer Adolarius Jacob Forster and she ran Forster's London shop.
# Robert Martinek

Robert Martinek (2 February 1889 – 28 June 1944) was an Austrian general who served in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.
An artillery officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I, Martinek continued to serve with the Austrian Bundesheer during the interwar period.

## Biography

Martinek was born on 2 February 1889 in Gratzen (now Nové Hrady, Czech Republic), where his father was a brewer. Enlisting in the army of Austria-Hungary in 1907, he was promoted to Leutnant in 1910, Oberleutnant in 1914, and to Hauptmann in 1917 for outstanding bravery. Serving with the Bundesheer after World War I, he taught at (and during the 1930s, headed) the Austrian military's Artillery School, reaching the rank of Oberst by the time of the Anschluss. In Austrian service, he made a number of artillery innovations, including new ranging and firing methods as well as a namesake sight adjustment system.
During World War II, he commanded the 267th Infantry Division from 5 November 1941, and the 7th Mountain Division during 1942. He was in command of the heavy concentrations of artillery in the Siege of Sevastopol as the higher artillery reserve commander of the 11th Army, which played a key role in the reduction of the fortifications of the strategic port city. On 1 December 1942 Martinek took command of XXXIX Panzer Corps, simultaneously being promoted to Generalleutnant. He was again promoted to General der Artillerie on New Year's Day 1943. For leading the corps in the retreat into eastern Belarus, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 10 February 1944.
In June 1944, the XXXIX Panzer Corps was assigned to Army Group Centre in the Belorussian SSR. Shortly before the Soviet summer offensive, Operation Bagration, a battalion commander in the 12th Infantry Division raised concerns about a possible attack with Martinek, who was on a tour of inspection. Martinek agreed but in response cited the proverb "Whom God would destroy, he first strikes blind". Soviet forces launched the offensive on 22 June; Martinek's corps was rapidly outflanked. Martinek was killed in an air attack on 28 June near Berezino.
His notes from World War I were published as Kriegstagebuch eines Batterie-Kommandanten 1914–1918 in 1976; he was also the subject of a book by Erich Dethleffsen.

## Awards and decorations

* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (25 September 1939) & 1st Class (20 May 1940)
* German Cross in Gold on 21 March 1943 as commander of XXXIX Panzer Corps
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 26 December 1941 as commander of 267th Infantry Division
** Oak Leaves on 10 February 1944 as commander of XXXIX Panzer Corps