OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dudleya rigidiflora

Dudleya rigidiflora is a very rare species of succulent perennial plant known by the common name Playa Maria liveforever, endemic to the coast of southwestern Baja California.

## Description
### Morphology

It is a solitary or few-branched plant, but it may form clumps up to 1 meter in diameter. The caudex is 2 decimetres (20 cm) long, and 1.5 to 4 cm wide. Each individual rosette is 0.5 dm (5.0 cm) to 1.5 dm (15 cm) wide, with 20 to 60 erect to ascending leaves. The leaves are light green and glaucous.
The floral stems are 15 to 40 cm tall, green or reddish, 4 to 9 mm in diameter, with 15 to 30 bracts. The inflorescence is of numerous long, slender, and secund racemes. The pedicels are ascending, 4 to 5 mm long. The calyx is deeply 5-cleft, with equal lobes, fleshy, and 6 to 7 mm long, acuminate, and somewhat glaucous. The corolla is 12 mm long, with a tube 5 mm long, the lobes of the petals slender, acute and erect. The color of the corolla is variable, ranging from white with no yellow to red or reddish. There are 10 stamens, much shorter than the corolla, all attached towards the top of the corolla-tube. 5 carpels, slender and erect, free to the base. Type specimen collected in July to October 1896 by an A. W. Anthony.
Specimens collected by Reid Moran show that the chromosome number is n=34.

## Distribution

Occurs on the coast of southwestern Baja California, around the Playa Maria Bay (Bahía María), near San José de las Palomas. It occurs on barren hillsides and arroyos near the Pacific Ocean.
# Duffy Peak

Duffy Peak (71°45′S 70°40′W﻿ / ﻿71.750°S 70.667°W﻿ / -71.750; -70.667) is a peak southeast of Hageman Peak in the Staccato Peaks, southwest Alexander Island, Antarctica. Dargomyzhsky glacier extends and flows west from the base of Duffy Peak and enters the nearby Bach Ice Shelf. The peak was photographed from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth in 1935, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Commander Joseph A. Duffy, a U.S. Navy aircraft pilot in Squadron VXE-6 during Operation Deep Freeze, 1969 and 1970.
# Mahajanga II (district)

Mahajanga II is a district of Boeny in Madagascar.

## Communes

The district is further divided into nine communes:
* Ambalabe Befanjava
* Ambalakida
* Andranoboka
* Bekobay
* Belobaka
* Betsako
* Boanamary
* Mahajamba Usine
* Mariarano
# Madipola Sinhalabage

Madipola Sinhalabage is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Southern Province.
Its exact location is 7° 40' 59" N, 80° 34' 59" E. It contains at least 4 people.
# Duh, the Big City

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Duh, the Big City is the third album by Hammerhead. It was released in 1996 through Amphetamine Reptile Records.

## Critical reception

The Encyclopedia of Popular Music wrote that the album "successfully distilled all of the band's most distinctive qualities—resonant feedback and sonic disharmony playing as large a part as ever in the group's musical equation."

## Track listing

All music is composed by Paul Erickson, except "Victoria" and "Duh, the Big City" by Paul Sanders

## Personnel
### Hammerhead

* Paul Erickson – bass guitar, vocals
* Jeff Mooridian Jr. – drums
* Paul Sanders – guitar, vocals

### Production and additional personnel

* Tom Hazelmyer – cover art
* Tim Mac – recording
# Dunbar High School (Little Rock, Arkansas)

Paul Laurence Dunbar High School and Junior College was a school for black students in Little Rock, Arkansas before integration.

## History

In 1929, the Rosenwald Fund provided the seed money to build a school for African-American children in Little Rock at the corner of Wright Avenue and Ringo Street, one of 338 Rosenwald Schools built in Arkansas. Prior to its opening, there were 5 elementary schools and one high school (M. W. Gibbs at 18th and Ringo, named after local judge Mifflin Wistar Gibbs), but part of Gibbs had been destroyed in a fire and of insufficient size for the community.
The school opened under the name Negro School for Industrial Arts, but the local population wanted it to be a college preparatory school rather than a school that only prepared students for the labor force. With this in mind, the school was renamed Paul Laurence Dunbar High School after black author Paul Dunbar. The building project cost $400,000, of which $67,000 came from the Rosenwald Foundation, $30,000 from the school board, and the rest from local citizens. In contrast, the supposedly "separate but equal" Little Rock Central High School was built in 1927 with $1.5 million in funds provided entirely by the school board. Dunbar was provided with textbooks after they were discarded from Central. Dunbar had 1/3 the number of classrooms and floor space, smaller faculty salaries, and no sports facilities.
Dunbar closed as a high school and junior college in 1955 when the schools were integrated, and was demoted to junior high status. In 1980 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

## Notable people

* Milton Crenchaw, pilot and flight instructor for the Tuskegee Airmen
* L. Clifford Davis, civil rights attorney, judge
* Sammy Drake, former Major League Baseball Player
* Solly Drake, former Major League Baseball player
* Gertrude Jeannette, an American playwright, film and stage actress. She is also known for being the first woman to work as a licensed taxi driver in New York City, which she began doing in 1942.
* Willie Smith, former player in the National Football League
* Robert Williams, psychologist who coined the term "Ebonics".
* Wendell Napoleon Cotton (Orthodontist) - 1942 graduate of W.Va. St. College, University of Illinois Dental School, 1947 and University of California, San Francisco Dental School , 1949, with a D.D.S. in Orthodontics. He became the first black Orthodontist to open a private practice in Orthodontics west of the Mississippi River (Oakland, CA) in 1949.
# Madonna dell'Udienza

Maria Santissima dell'Udienza or Madona dell'Udienza or Our Lady of the Audience is a marble sculpture created by the Renaissance sculptor Antonello Gagini, in the early 1500s. The statue is currently housed in the apse of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Audience in Sambuca di Sicilia, Italy.
On the evening of the third Sunday of May, the statue is carried in procession through the main streets of the historical center of Sambuca di Sicilia, supported on the shoulders of members of the Confraternita Maria SS. della'Udienza (Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Audience).

## History

The sculpture depicting the Virgin Mary with the Child Jesus goes back to the early sixteenth century. A wealthy family brought the statue to Sambuca di Sicilia to the area of Cellaro Tower, part of the fortifications of the area. It lay hidden there for many years inside a cavity of oven kitchens of the tower, and was found by a Sambucese farmer in 1575. During that time a plague was raging through Sambuca. The local farmers decided to take the statue and parade it through the neighborhood infirmary, which was the area of the country dedicated to the care of lepers, in the hope that Our Lady would perform a miracle. At that he statue was attributed to healing the leprosy and it became known as Our Lady of the Audience, because she heard the prayers of the sick.

## Fest of Our Lady of the Audience

Since the statue was brought to Sambuca in 1575 an annual celebration has been held in honor of Our Lady of the Audience. The statue is removed from the church and hoisted upon the shoulders of members of Confraternita Maria SS. della'Udienza (Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Audience). It passes through the main streets of the historical center and is paraded about around the city. The procession is accompanied by prayers, hymns, and folk music played by the local municipal band, and lasts until the dawn on the following Monday. It ends with a fireworks display.
Madonna dell’Udenzia is venerated elsewhere in Sicily: in Ciminna at the Church of St. John the Baptist, there is a triptych dating to the 1600s depicting the miracle; in Petralia Soprana, there is a replica statue, and church dedicated to Madonna dell’Udenzia. Devotions to the Madona dell’Udenzia are also held in other villages in including Mezzojuso and Roccamena.

### In the United States

Sicilians brought the celebration to a number of churches in the United States, including Holy Rosary Catholic Church of Kansas City, Missouri, where the Feast has been celebrated since the church was founded in 1890. A local family brought a replica of the statue of Our Lady of the Audience when they immigrated and it is celebrated with an annual processional with an honor guard from the Knights of Columbus.
# Madres egoístas (1963 TV series)

Madres egoístas is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa for Telesistema Mexicano in 1963.

## Cast

* Carlos Navarro
* Blanca Sánchez
* María Idalia
* Patricia Morán
# Breg ob Bistrici

Breg ob Bistrici (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

Breg ob Bistrici was attested in historical sources as Rain in 1498. The name of the settlement was changed from Breg to Breg ob Bistrici in 1953.
# Dumisa Ntsebeza

Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza (born 31 October 1949) is a South African lawyer and political activist. He was a member of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Ntsebeza was born in Cala, Eastern Cape in the former Transkei. He is the chairman of the Desmond Tutu Peace Trust and a trustee of the Nelson Mandela Foundation. He was involved in the political struggle against apartheid in the mid-1970s, when he served time in prison during which he completed his law degree. Ntsebeza was appointed chancellor of the University of Fort Hare in January 2017.

## Career

Ntsebeza has been in the practice of the law for over thirty years. He was an attorney for about 17 years. From 1993 he taught the law of evidence and criminal law and from 1995, human rights law at Walter Sisulu University in Mthatha. He gave up teaching when he was appointed as one of the commissioners on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission from December 1995 to January 1999. In 2005, he became the first African to be conferred silk status in the history of the Cape Bar. He practices general law, including constitutional and administrative law, labour law, mining law and land law. He has chaired a number of disciplinary actions and presided on several arbitrations. He is a trained arbitrator and qualified commercial mediator. Ntsebeza has also sat as a judge in various divisions of the high court of South Africa.

## Family

Professor Lungisile Ntsebeza is his brother.
# Mahendra Singh Sisodia

Mahendra Singh Sisodia is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is one of the 22 MLAs who resigned amid political crisis in Madhya Pradesh favouring Jyotiraditya Scindia.

## Political career

In December 2018, he was inducted into the Kamal Nath cabinet as Minister of Labour in Madhya Pradesh. During 2020 Madhya Pradesh political crisis, he supported senior Congress leader Jyotiraditya Scindia and was one of the 22 MLAs who resigned.

## Personal life

He is married to Smt. Shivaraje Singh.
# Brian Windley

Brian Frederick Windley (born 1936) is a British geologist. He is Emeritus Professor of Geology at the University of Leicester.
Educated at the University of Liverpool and University of Exeter, he began his career with the Geological Survey of Greenland in 1963. Windley is perhaps best known for his textbook The Evolving Continents, first published in 1977 with new editions in 1984 and 1995.
Among his awards are the Bigsby Medal (1977) and the Murchison Medal (1985) from the Geological Society of London, and the Leopold von Buch Medal of the German Geological Society, DGGV (2016). According to Google Scholar he has a h-index of 104.
# Brezovdol

Brezovdol is a village in Svoge Municipality, Sofia Province, western Bulgaria.
# Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act

The Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act (also called the Tamil Nadu Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act or the Madras Devadasi Act) is a law that was enacted on 9 October 1947 just after India became independent from British rule. The law was passed in the Madras Presidency and gave devadasis the legal right to marry and made it illegal to dedicate girls to Hindu temples. The bill that became this act was the Devadasi Abolition Bill.
Periyar E. V. Ramasamy was part in passing the Devadasi Abolition Bill but, owing to strong protests from devadasis across Madras Presidency, he suggested that the bill be introduced only as a private bill and not a public bill.
Muthulakshmi Reddi proposed the bill to the Madras Legislative Council as early as 1930 but was passed on only during the Premiership of O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar (a.k.a. Omandur Reddy's Congress led government) on 9 October 1947.
Some devadasis objected to the bill because they considered themselves sophisticated and learned artists rather than prostitutes. The Madras Devadasi Act was not as strict as subsequent related laws. Because the Madras Devadasi Act was specific to devadasis, prostitution continued in South India, particularly along the coast in Andhra Pradesh, until the Madras Anti-Devadasi Act was passed on 14 August 1956. The Madras Devadasi Act is one of several laws passed in the presidencies and provinces of British India and the subsequent states and territories of India that made prostitution illegal, including the 1934 Bombay Devadasi Protection Act, the 1957 Bombay Protection (Extension) Act, and the 1988 Andhra Pradesh Devadasi (Prohibition of Dedication) Act.
# Dungeon Floors

Dungeon Floors is a fantasy role-playing game supplement published by Heritage USA in 1981.

## Contents

Dungeon Floors is a set of full color cards intended to be cut up and used for surfaces such as wood and stone floors and stairways for gaming miniatures. Dungeon Floors was composed of a set of nine cardboard sheets which could be used to create tiles that could be arranged to represent different layouts for role-playing spaces, such as building interiors, caverns, underground passages.
There was also an instruction folder describing how to use the tiles and how to integrate the marked spaces on them with common RPG rulesets. The spaces were sized to take 25mm miniatures, such as those made by Heritage and most other companies at the time.

## Editions

There were three editions of Dungeon Floors. The first was a shrink-wrapped group of thin card pieces printed with black ink only. The second edition was printed in two-color format (black ink and brown ink). The third edition was boxed, and printed in full-color with detailed realistic artwork.
The first two editions were part of Heritage's Dungeon Builders line of products, which featured molded 3-D walls with stone and other textures. The third and best-selling edition of Dungeon Floors was a standalone product, the Dungeon Builders line having been discontinued by that time.

## Reception

Steve Jackson reviewed Dungeon Floors in The Space Gamer No. 49. Jackson commented that "if you like such things, Dungeon Floors ought to please you greatly."
# Dubbing (poultry)

Dubbing is the procedure of removing the comb, wattles and sometimes earlobes of poultry. Removing the wattles is sometimes called "dewattling".

## Procedure

To perform dubbing, the tissues are first disinfected and, if available, an anesthetic is applied to limit pain. Sterile scissors or dubbing shears are used to cut the tissues off, and a styptic, an astringent chemical that reduces bleeding, is applied. The wounds are left uncovered. Some recommend dubbing should be done on day-old chicks whilst others advise waiting until the bird's comb is more developed.

## Benefits

Dubbing is sometimes performed to limit damage caused by injury or frostbite. Dubbing for some breeds has become a tradition and is required for some birds to meet breed-specifications. Other reasons include removing combs which have become so large they prevent the bird from taking food into its mouth or making the head so heavy it sinks into the bird's chest.
In the US, the National Chicken Council (2003) listed dubbing of cockerels as one of the acceptable procedures that may cause short-term stress but which are necessary for the long-term welfare of the flock. Dubbing is also performed to prevent injuries from other birds or while being kept in pens.

## Criticism

In practice, an anesthetic is rarely used during dubbing and as a consequence, the RSPCA Australia is opposed to dubbing on poultry intended to be exhibited at shows, and describes the practice as a cause of pain and distress. The comb and wattles function in thermoregulation; blood circulating from the comb and the wattles helps the bird lose heat during hot weather. The comb is also used in mate-assessment in some poultry species. Dubbing would interfere with both these functions of the comb and wattles.
In commercial laying hens, those dubbed at hatching exhibit few effects on egg production, but the older the birds are when dubbed, the greater the negative effects of dubbing.
In the UK, the Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) concludes "that removal of the comb offers no welfare advantages to offset the disturbance caused by the procedure and believe the practice should be phased out." The Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) writes: "Removal of the comb offers few, if any, welfare advantages in comparison with the disturbance and pain likely to be caused and should be avoided." The Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 (Schedule 3 Amendment) Order 1988 (SI 1988 No. 526) permits only a veterinary surgeon to remove the combs of a domestic fowl which has reached the age of 72 hours.
In New Zealand, the National Animal Welfare Advisory Committee stated in 2002 they were "working towards a strategy to prevent this practice."
In 2010, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reviewed scientific evidence and concluded "that no mutilation with an effect on welfare as severe as those resulting from cutting off toes or dubbing the comb should be carried out unless justified by evidence for a substantial and unavoidable level of poor welfare in the birds themselves and other birds."
# Duncan Scott (director)

Duncan Scott (born May 28, 1947) is a film and television writer, director, and producer. Scott was one of the screenwriters of Atlas Shrugged: Part II and Atlas Shrugged: Part III. Early in his career, he became involved in the restoration of the 1942 film We the Living, a project that he continued to be involved in over the next several decades. Scott also directed and produced for television, winning several Emmy and Telly Awards, as well as being nominated for a Peabody Award.

## Career

Scott began his career as a film editor. In 1969, he began working with Ayn Rand on re-editing an American version of the once-censored Italian film We the Living, a film based on Rand's first novel. Scott has been interviewed several times about his involvement in the restoration of We the Living. His company, Duncan Scott Productions, now owns and distributes the film which stars Rossano Brazzi and Alida Valli.
Duncan worked as an assistant director on feature films alongside filmmakers Woody Allen and Sidney Lumet, on films such as Deathtrap, A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy, and Zelig. In television, Scott produced and directed over thirty half-hour programs for the PBS public television series, Innovation. Duncan directed musician Eric Clapton for a public service announcement, interviewed anthropologist Margaret Mead for a documentary, and has worked with other notable figures.
Duncan has also written and directed for the stage, adapting Rand’s short novel, Anthem, which premiered at Chapman University in Orange County, CA.
Scott's work on subjects related to Ayn Rand and her philosophy have continued over the decades. He was a consultant on The Passion of Ayn Rand, a film on the life of Ayn Rand, based on the biography by Barbara Branden. More recently, he was one of the screenwriters of the motion picture Atlas Shrugged: Part II, which was released in October 2012, and Atlas Shrugged: Part III. Additionally, Duncan is the Director of the non-profit Objectivist History Project, which documents the history of the Objectivist movement. He is also currently developing a feature-length documentary about Rand.

## Selected filmography

* Nighthawks (film) (1981)
* Deathtrap (film) (1982)
* A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (1982)
* Zelig (1983)
* We the Living (restored version, 1986)
* The Passion of Ayn Rand (film) (1999)
* Atlas Shrugged: Part II (2012)
* Atlas Shrugged: Part III (2014)

## Awards and nominations

* What If (1996) - Emmy® Award, Outstanding Direction - Public Service Announcement - New York
* The Team (1995) - Emmy® Award Nomination
* The Team (1995) - Gold Telly Award
* What If (1995) - Silver Telly Award
* Safe & Sound (1994) - Emmy® Award, Outstanding Direction - Public Service Announcement - New York
* Innovation (1989) - Emmy® Award, Outstanding Reality Series - New York
* The New Literacy (1986) - Emmy® Award, Outstanding Reality Program - New York
# Ducatina

Ducatina is a genus of umbilicate lichen in the family Trapeliaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Ducatina umbilicata. Both the genus and species were described as new to science in 2017 by Damien Ertz and Ulrik Søchting. The lichen is widespread and abundant in the remote subantarctic Crozet and Kerguelen Islands in the Indian Ocean, where it grows on the exposed horizontal surfaces of rocks. According to the authors, the thallus morphology is "reminiscent of a weathered metal coin (with the idea that it was hidden on remote islands by some unknown pirates)"; the name Ducatina, derived from the word ducatus, refers to this.
# Ducati Superquadro engine

The Ducati Superquadro engine is a 90° V-twin four-stroke motorcycle engine made by Ducati since 2011. It has Ducati's signature desmodromic valve system, with four valves per cylinder and gear/chain driven double overhead camshafts. It has been made in four displacements ranging from 898 to 1,285 cc (54.8 to 78.4 cu in), with power as high as 145 kW (194 hp) in the largest version.
The Superquadro engine was first used in the 1,198 cc (73.1 cu in) 1199 Panigale of 2011, with a bore and stroke of 112 mm × 60.8 mm (4.41 in × 2.39 in). This was followed in 2013 by a smaller 898 cc (54.8 cu in), 100 mm × 57.2 mm (3.94 in × 2.25 in) version, used in the 899 Panigale. The successor models, the 1299 Panigale of 2015 and the 959 Panigale of 2016, had the same 60.8 mm (2.39 in) stroke, and bores of either 100 or 116 mm (3.9 or 4.6 in), giving displacements of 1,285 cc (78.4 cu in), and the 955 cc (58.3 cu in).
Unlike the belt-driven overhead cams of earlier Ducati engines the Superquadro's uses gears and a chain. As with most Ducatis, the engine is a stressed member, making the bike smaller and lighter than a conventionally framed motorcycle. The engines are of aluminum with Cermetal bore plating, a hardening process developed by the Italian company Tecnol which is similar to Nikasil. A 1299 version of the engine has been made for the 2017 Ducati 1299 Superleggera model.
# Ductilodon

Ductilodon is an extinct genus of nectridean tetrapodomorphs in the family Diplocaulidae. The type and only species Ductilodon pruitti was named in 1999 from the Early Permian of Kansas. Distinguishing features of Ductilodon include horns that project backward from the skull and an arched row of teeth on the palate. Ductilodon is most closely related to the diplocaulids Diplocaulus and Diploceraspis.
# Brightwell Castle

Brightwell Castle was in the village of Brightwell-cum-Sotwell, between the towns of Didcot and Wallingford (grid reference SU578908), now in Oxfordshire but until 1974 in Berkshire, in England.
The castle was built in 1145 by King Stephen. At the time there was civil war known as The Anarchy between King Stephen and his cousin Empress Matilda, whose headquarters were at nearby Wallingford Castle. In 1153 the castle was destroyed by Matilda's son, who later became Henry II.
A manor house now stands on the site.