OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edgewater, Broward County, Florida

Edgewater was a census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 803 at the 2000 census. It is now an incorporated neighborhood of Dania Beach.

## Geography

Edgewater is located at 26°3′55″N 80°12′1″W﻿ / ﻿26.06528°N 80.20028°W﻿ / 26.06528; -80.20028 (26.065316, -80.200268).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km$^2$), all of which is land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 803 people, 359 households, and 194 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,348.0 people/km$^2$ (3,491 people/sq mi). There were 449 housing units at an average density of 753.7 units/km$^2$ (1,952 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.66% White, 2.49% African American, 0.75% Asian, 0.37% Pacific Islander, 4.61% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.07% of the population.
There were 359 households, out of which 18.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.7% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 17.4% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 30.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,492, and the median income for a family was $26,958. Males had a median income of $45,500 versus $24,922 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,922. About 13.6% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.9% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over.
As of 2000, English as a first language accounted for 66.91%, while Spanish as a mother tongue made up 33.08% of the population.
# Gessi

Gessi is an Italian surname. Notable people with this name include the following:
* Berlinghiero Gessi (1563 – 1639), an Italian Catholic Cardinal
* Francesco Gessi (1588 – 1649), Italian painter of the Baroque period
* Romolo Gessi (1831 –1881), an Italian soldier, governor in the Turkish-Egyptian administration and explorer of north-east Africa
# Mordella subuniformis

Mordella subuniformis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1937.
# Grass Lake Township

Grass Lake Township may refer to:
* Grass Lake Charter Township, Michigan
* Grass Lake Township, Kanabec County, Minnesota
* Grass Lake Township, Burleigh County, North Dakota, in Burleigh County, North Dakota
# William Andrew Paton

William Andrew Paton (July 19, 1889 – April 26, 1991) was an American accountancy scholar, known as founder of the American Accounting Association in 1916, and was founder and first editor of its flagship journal The Accounting Review.

## Biography

Paton was born near Calumet, Michigan to Andrew Patton, teacher and superintendent of the local school system, and Mary Nowlin Paton, also teacher. The family settled on a farm, engaging Patton with farm work in his youth. Paton studied at the University of Michigan, where he obtained his AB and PhD in economics in 1917. In 1927, he obtained his Certified Public Accountant license for the State of Michigan.
After graduation Paton started his academic career at the University of Michigan in 1914. After a year as Assistant Professor at the University of Minnesota from 1916 to 1917, he returned to the University of Michigan, where he was professor of accounting and economics from 1921 to his retirement in 1958. He served as a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley (1937–38), Harvard University (1939–40), the University of Chicago (1959–60), and the University of Kentucky (1968–69). Over the years he has been practicing consulting accountant, especially during vacation periods.
In 1916, Paton co-founded the American Accounting Association, and served as its president from 1922 to 1923. He was founding editor-in-chief of its The Accounting Review from 1926 to 1929. In 1940, he and A. C. Littleton edited for the American Accounting Association the publication of An Introduction to Corporate Accounting Standards. Over the years Patton also participated in American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in several positions.
Paton received the AICPA's Gold Medal Award in 1944 and was inducted into the Accounting Hall of Fame in its first year, 1950. He was the recipient of the one-time "Outstanding Educator of the Century" prize by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, at the AICPA's 100th annual meeting in 1987. He was inducted into the Accounting Hall of Fame in 1950. Paton died at the age of 101 on April 26, 1991.

## Selected publications

Paton published more than 150 articles and numerous books, on his own or with co-authors, including:
* Paton, William Andrew, and Russell Alger Stevenson. Principles of Accounting (1916)
* Paton, William Andrew, and Russell A. Stevenson. Problems and exercises in accounting. (1918)
* Paton, William Andrew. Accounting theory, with special reference to the corporate enterprise. Ronald Press, 1922.
* Paton, William Andrew. Essentials of Accounting (1938)
* Paton, William Andrew. Advanced Accounting (1941)
* Paton, William Andrew, and Earl Adolphus Saliers. Accountants' handbook. (1943).
* Paton, William Andrew, and Ananias Charles Littleton. An introduction to corporate accounting standards. No. 3. American Accounting Association, 1970.
# Regions of the Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands are divided into 29 municipalities, six regions/shires (sýsla, sýslur in plural) and since 2007 there has been only one constituency, earlier there were seven constituencies. Each region has one sheriff (sýslumaður).
* Eysturoyar sýsla – Eysturoy region.
* Norðoya sýsla - Norðoyar ("Northern Isles") region. (KG) Borðoy, Fugloy, Kalsoy, Kunoy, Svínoy, Viðoy.
* Sandoyar sýsla – Sandoy region (SA), Sandoy, Skúvoy, Stóra Dímun.
* Streymoyar sýsla – Streymoy region (TN). Streymoy, Hestur, Koltur, Nólsoy.
* Suðuroyar sýsla – Suðuroy region. Lítla Dímun, Suðuroy (TG).
* Vága sýsla – Vágar region. Mykines, Vágar (VA).
The administrative subdivisions of the Faroe Islands are frequently changing. In the 1980s there were more than 50 municipalities. During the last past decades the number has been decreasing steadily, and more municipal-mergers can be expected within the following years. The aim of the ministry of interior is that in 2015 there will be only seven or nine municipalities in the Faroe Islands, more or less following the boundaries of the districts and constituencies. If this happens the Faroe Islands will have left the administrative structure of parish municipalities, which was built up in the first half of the 20th century and entered a structure of regional municipalities.
Furthermore, there was a long-running discussion on reducing or even removing the constituencies. In the end, from the 2008 election onwards, the constituencies were abolished.
The regions (sýslur) are not administrative parts of the islands like the municipalities (kommunur). Municipalities charge taxes from inhabitants, while regions cannot charge taxes. Regions are mostly used by the public churches for the registration of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, christenings, etc., but the central administration which gathers these informations from the priest and the municipalities is located in Tórshavn. It is called Landsfólkayvirlitið and is now a part of the Environmental Agency (Umhvørvisstovan).
The regions are also relevant to pilot whale hunts. The sheriff decides if a pod of pilot whales can be killed or not. The boats need to get the sheriff's permission before any slaughter can take place, and in some regions the sheriff also decides which villages the whale meat and blubber should be given to. This is the case in Suðuroy: if people from the southern part of the island participate in a whale hunt, they are not sure to get any meat at all if the sheriff decides that there are too few whales to divide it among the whole island. The sheriff can decide to give the meat only, for example, to the northern part or to specific villages or to homes for the elderly.
# Paul Marty

Paul Marty (1882-1938) was a French military officer, colonial administrator, interpreter and writer on Islam.
Marty was born in Boufarik, Algeria.

## Works

* Études sur l'Islam maure. Cheikh Sidïa. Les Fadelia. Les Ida ou Ali, 1916
* Études sur l'Islam au Sénégal, 1917
* L'Islam en Guinée : Fouta-Diallon, 1917
* Études sur l'Islam et les tribus du Soudan, 1918
* Études sur l'Islam et les tribus maures; les Brakna, 1920
* Études sur l'Islam en Côte d'Ivoire, 1922
* Études sur l'Islam au Dahomey : le bas Dahomey, le haut Dahomey, 1926
* L'islam et les tribus dans la colonie du Niger, 1930
# Belvidere (Natchez, Mississippi)

Belvidere is a Southern plantation with a historic cottage located in Natchez, Mississippi, USA.

## History

The cottage was built circa 1837, shortly after Samuel and Robert Patterson acquired the land. In 1847, it was acquired by John Coulson, a merchant. When Coulson purchased the Cliffs Plantation from John W. Henderson in 1868, Henderson in turn purchased Belvidere.
The house was moved northwards in 1927, when the Margaret Martin Junior High School was built where it once stood.
By 1980, it still belonged to the Henderson family.

## Architectural significance

The cottage was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 8, 1980.
# Edgetts Landing, New Brunswick

Edgetts Landing is an unincorporated community in Albert County, New Brunswick. The community is situated in Southeastern New Brunswick, to the south of Moncton.
# Edmund Hastings

Edmund Hastings may refer to:
* Edmund Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
* Edmund Hastings (MP) for Yorkshire and Northumberland
# Gemmula martini

Gemmula martini is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 46 mm and 77 mm.

## Distribution

This bathyal marine species occurs in the Indo-west Pacific, from East Africa to Borneo and Timor; also off Western Australia.
Fossils were found in Pliocene strata on Timor.
# Francis Britius

Francis Britius was a seventeenth-century orientalist and a monk at Rennes in Brittany. The precise dates of his birth and death are unknown.
Britius entered the Capuchin Order and spent the earlier years of his religious life in missionary work in the Levant, where he devoted himself with special zeal to the study of Oriental languages. His proficiency in these languages soon came to the notice of his superiors, and, being summoned to Rome, he was employed by the Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith in the translation of several important works into Arabic. The first great fruit of his labors in this field was an abridged translation of Baronius' Annales ecclesiastici. The work was published at Rome in three volumes quarto, the first of which appeared in 1653, the second in 1655, and the third in 1671. Britius had also much to do with a translation of the Bible into Arabic, giving the Vulgate text in parallel columns, which was published by Mazari, at Rome, in 1671 (3 vols. fol.)
Practically the entire edition of both translations was sent to the East for use in the work of missions.
# Grayson Nunatak

Grayson Nunatak (76°47′S 143°38′W﻿ / ﻿76.783°S 143.633°W﻿ / -76.783; -143.633) is a nunatak situated 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of Crummey Nunatak in Antarctica. It is the northwesternmost feature of the Gutenko Nunataks, in the Ford Ranges of Marie Byrd Land. The nunatak was discovered and first mapped by the United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41. It was remapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photography, 1959–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Donald E. Grayson, an engineer at Byrd Station, 1970.
# Benjamin W. Wells (fire commissioner)

Benjamin Williams Wells (October 15, 1861 – January 18, 1912) was an American government official and political activist who served as commissioner of the Boston Fire Department.

## Early life

Wells was born in Boston on October 15, 1861. He attended Hopkinson's School and graduated from Harvard College in 1884. In 1886 he joined E. Williams & Co., a Boston shipping firm involved in trade in South America and Dutch Guiana. In 1890 he founded the United States Fire Signal Company, a private automatic fire alarm service. He was the company's general manager until it merged with an older firm to become the Boston Automatic Fire Alarm Company, where Wells worked as treasurer.

## Politics

Wells volunteered for a number of Democratic campaigns. In 1890 he joined the Ward 11 Democratic City Committee and was elected secretary of Young Men's Democratic Club. He became chairman of the both organizations in 1894. For many years he was Ward 11's representative to the Democratic state committee.

## Government service

On January 27, 1896, Wells was nominated for superintendent of streets by Boston Mayor Josiah Quincy. He was unanimously confirmed by the Board of Aldermen on February 3, which The Boston Globe described as an "unusual complement". He took office the following day. In October 1899, Wells was appointed acting water commissioner after John R. Murphy resigned to enter that year's mayoral election. Republican Thomas N. Hart won the election and Wells was replaced as commissioner on February 1, 1900.
In 1905, Wells was appointed commissioner of the Boston Fire Department. He succeeded acting commissioner Patrick J. Kennedy, who took over the department following the death of Henry S. Russell. Republican George A. Hibbard was elected in the 1907 Boston mayoral election. In January 1908, the finance committee of the board of alderman issued a report which contended that during the tenures of Daniel A. Whelton and John F. Fitzgerald, political influence affected appointments to the department and that the "malign influence of politics" was interfering with its efficiency. On January 30, Hibbard wrote to Wells that he was "strongly of the opinion that the organization of the fire department at the present time is sadly lacking in discipline" and requested his resignation. Wells objected to Hibbard's criticisms and refused to resign. Later that day, Hibbard removed Wells from office "for the good of the service" effective the following day. He was replaced by Samuel D. Parker.

## Later life

After leaving the fire department, Wells worked in the real estate business. On January 18, 1912, he went to the Puritan Club after several days of illness. After exiting his vehicle, Wells collapsed and died of heart disease. His funeral was held on January 20 at the Arlington Street Church with a number of political figures and members of the fire department in attendance.
# Beldubi

Beldubi is a census town in Panchla CD Block of Howrah Sadar subdivision in Howrah district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography

Beldubi is located at 22°32′26″N 88°10′22″E﻿ / ﻿22.54043°N 88.17265°E﻿ / 22.54043; 88.17265

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Beldubi had a total population of 10,871 of which 5,568 (51%) were males and 5,303 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,360. The total number of literates in Beldubi was 7,650 (80.43% of the population over 6 years).
As of 2001 India census, Beldubi had a population of 8983. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Beldubi has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Bugbear (disambiguation)

A bugbear is a legendary creature, comparable to the Bogeyman.
Bugbear may refer to:
* Bugbear Entertainment, a Finnish video game company
* Bugbears (album), an album by Darren Hayman
# Nayabhagirathipur railway station

Nayabhagirathipur railway station is a halt railway station on Cuttack–Sambalpur line under the Khurda Road railway division of the East Coast Railway zone. The railway station is situated at Nayabhagirathipur in Dhenkanal district of the Indian state of Odisha.
# Gender Issues (magazine)

Gender Issues is an American academic journal of gender and gender equity studies. The journal primarily publishes scholarly articles and essays that examine gender roles and relationships. It also critically considers the social, economic, legal, and political impacts of those roles and relationships. It was formerly known as Feminist Issues.

## History

Established in 1980, the academic journal was born out of the recognition that the new feminism needed a place of its own in theoretical debate. Feminist Issues primarily aimed to illuminate the historical and social determinants behind sexism, misogyny, and many other women-related issues.
As the quarterly periodical progressively evolved, the editorial collective began to broaden the conversation by including theoretical discourses on all gender-related issues. They also started various new sections on the journal such as book reviews, letters to the editor, as well as responses from authors.
After changing its name from Feminist Issues to Gender Issues in 1998, the journal published a statement in its opening pages:
   "Gender Issues is dedicated to publishing basic and applied research on the relationships between men and women; on the similarities and differences in socialization, personality, and behavior; and on the changing aspirations, roles, and statuses of women in industrial and urban societies, as well as in developing nations. Gender Issues is committed to scholarship. It has no political agenda or ideological loyalty. It welcomes controversy, and it will publish argumentative pieces and public policy recommendations so long as they have a solid empirical basis." - Rita J. Simon, Editor (Volume 16, Issue 3, 1998).
The journal's name change was mainly implemented to reflect its change in publishing frequency, editors, and mission.
# Frank G. Dickey

Frank Graves Dickey (December 1, 1917 in Wagoner, Oklahoma – August 7, 2009, in Lexington, Kentucky) was the fifth president of the University of Kentucky, from 1956 to 1963.
Dickey graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. degree from Transylvania College in 1939, and received both his Master of Arts degree and a Doctorate of Education from the University of Kentucky in 1942 and 1947, respectively. In 1951 he was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa at the University of Kentucky. Following service in World War II, Dickey was appointed to the faculty of the University of Kentucky College of Education, where he rose to Dean.

## University of Kentucky presidency

In 1956, at the age of 38, Dickey became the youngest person to become the president of the University of Kentucky. His main accomplishment was the establishment of the Chandler Medical Center, including the Albert B. Chandler Hospital, College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing. He also oversaw the opening of UK's Patterson School of Diplomacy. In 2002 he was awarded the Laurel Crowned Circle Award, Omicron Delta Kappa's highest honor.
Dickey resigned as president to become director of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. He later became provost of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He died on August 7, 2009, after a long illness.

## Legacy

One of the buildings of the UK College of Education, Dickey Hall, is named for Dr. Dickey.
# Antonio María Javierre Ortas

Antonio María Javierre Ortas S.D.B. (21 February 1921 – 1 February 2007) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church, and former prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments in the Vatican.
Javierre Ortas was born in Siétamo, Spain. He was ordained in 1949 and took his doctorate in theology in Louvain. For many years he lectured in fundamental theology and dogmatics in places such as Turin, Rome, Peru, Guatemala and Poland. During the Second Vatican Council he was a spokesman for the Spanish bishops in ecumenical questions.
In 1976 Pope Paul VI made him archbishop and secretary of the Congregation for Catholic Education. He became cardinal deacon in 1988, as well as the librarian and archivist of the Holy Roman Church. In 1992 he was elevated to cardinal priest and prefect for the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, positions he kept until 1996. He died in 2007 in Rome.
In 1992, he participated in the decision to allow female altar servers in the Church. In 1994, Cardinal Javierre Ortas advising that women were permitted to serve at the discretion of the local bishop.
# Cat collar

A cat collar is a piece of material put around the neck of a cat. Cat collars are put on cats by their owners for identification, fashion, protection (as from fleas), restraint, or to warn off prey, and may be worn by cats that are indoor-only as well as cats with outdoor access.

## Collar safety

As of 2021, there is ongoing debate about whether standard or breakaway collars (collars that unclasp with the application) are safer, or if cat collars are safe at all.
A 2010 study reported on in the New York Times showed that simple buckle collars are actually the safest for cats. Another study from 2013 showed that the dangers to a cat that is lost outside without a collar (or having lost its collar) were substantially greater than the danger of a cat hurting itself on its collar.
However, vets and animal welfare organizations continue to primarily recommend breakaway collars, as they present the least risk of a cat injuring itself on a collar.

## Types of collars

Typical cat collars may be secured on the neck of the cat via a simple buckle, an elastic strap, or a breakaway buckle. Harnesses may also be used. Elizabeth collars are cones which prevent cats from licking themselves, often used to help cats recover from injury.

## Anti-predation collars

Domesticated cats are among the most significant predators of wild birds—being responsible for over a billion bird deaths every year, as well as the extinction of 22 species of bird as of 2015. Anti-predation collars may be used to reduce bird deaths from domesticated cats. These collars may include conspicuous fabrics, colors, and/or bells. A 2013 study reported on in The Atlantic showed that cats wearing anti-predation collars killed 19 times fewer birds than cats without anti-predation collars.
# Berberis elegans

Berberis elegans is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1908. It is endemic to China, found in the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang.

## Taxonomy

As of 2023 it is usually classified as Berberis elegans, but in some sources it is still named as Mahonia bodinieri.
# Bellinsgauzen (crater)

Bellinsgauzen is a lunar impact crater that lies in the southern part of Moon, on the far side from the Earth. It is attached to the northern rim of the larger crater Berlage, and within a half crater diameter of Cabannes to the west. North of Bellinsgauzen is the crater Bhabha.
The outer rim of Bellinsgauzen is worn but the general shape is still intact. There are small craters lying along the inside and attached to the exterior of the rim to the southeast. A pair of small craters are also attached to the outside of the west and northwest rim. The inner surface is marked by a number of tiny craterlets, particularly near the northern end. The interior floor is otherwise relatively featureless.