OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Graseby

Graseby was a British engineering company.

## History

As Graseby Instruments it made and refurbished naval sonar equipment. The company (00385807) was established on 25 February 1944. It was initially situated in Tolworth in south-west London.
On 1 January 1982 it merged with Pye Dynamics forming Graseby Dynamics and moved its operations to the latter's site in Bushey, Hertfordshire. Graseby Dynamics' business activities were:
- Marine - the ex-Instruments services,
- Medical - principally Cot Death Monitors and Continuous Syringe Drivers,
- Ordnance - including test and post-design services,
- RF products - specialist services and the manufacture of Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs),
- Ionics/Security/Analytical providing vapour detectors based up Ion Mobility Spectrometry - the three identities addressing the Military, Civil and Space markets respectively.
Later Graseby Dynamics became part of Cambridge Electronic Industries plc. As part of a rationalisation process Cambridge Electronic Industries later changed it name to Graseby plc in January 1992 - a process it extended to many of its remaining subsidiaries, e.g. Newmarket Semiconductors became Graseby Semiconductors
In April 1988 Graseby Ionics won the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement for CAM, a hand-held chemical agent monitor.
In May 1992 Graseby plc bought Intertest.
On 7 August 1997 it was bought for £136m (US$216.7m) by Smiths Industries.
On 16 March 1998 Smith Industries sold Graseby Andersen and Graseby Product Monitoring to Thermo Electron.
Graseby Product Monitoring included Goring Kerr, Best and Allen Coding was absorbed by Thermo Sentron for US$43m. Thermo Sentron also owned competing brands such as Ramsey and Icore. Thermo Instrument Systems acquired Graseby Andersen. The aggregate price was US$73 million. Combined revenues of these companies were US$78 million.

## Products

* Sonar equipment
* Torpedo decoys
* Gyroscopes for inertial navigation of guided missiles in a gimbal system.
* Chemical agent monitors (Graseby Dynamics)
* Metal Detector (Graseby Goring Kerr)
* X-Ray (Graseby Goring Kerr)
* Checkweigher (Graseby Best)

## Alumni

* Godfey and Hilda Sharman, Founders of Graseby Instruments, 1940 - 1982
* Paul Lester, former Chief Executive from 1990–97
* Steven Glick, General Counsel, Graseby plc, 1992-96
* Dave Johnson, President, Graseby Volkman, Graseby Goring Kerr
* Tim Coombs, Managing Director, Graseby Medical, Graseby Product Monitoring
* Ping Wu, Sales Director, Graseby Goring Kerr
* David Reid, Director, Goring Kerr Metal Detection
* John Cooper, Graseby plc
* Tim O'Brien, Graseby Volkman
# No. 582 Squadron RAF

No. 582 Squadron RAF was a bomber pathfinder squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

## History

The squadron was formed with Avro Lancasters on 1 April 1944 at RAF Little Staughton, Huntingdonshire, England, from 'C' Flight of 7 Squadron and 'C' Flight 156 Squadron. It was part of No. 8 Group RAF, also referred to as the Pathfinder Force, and began operation nine days later with a night raid on Lille on the 9/10 April 1944. The squadron's last operational raid against enemy forces was a raid on gun batteries on the island of Wangerooge on 25 April 1945. The squadron spent the remainder of the war dropping food to the Dutch, during Operation Manna, and repatriating prisoners of war in Operation Exodus. It was disbanded at RAF Little Staughton on 10 September 1945.
The squadron had operated 2,157 sorties and lost 28 aircraft during the war.

## Victoria Cross

During a raid on 23 February 1945, Captain Edwin Swales, a South African, won a posthumous Victoria Cross over Pforzheim. In addition, a further posthumous VC was awarded to a pilot of a 582 Squadron aircraft. Sqn Ldr Robert "Bob" Palmer, a Mosquito pilot of 109 Squadron led a daylight attack on 23 December 1944, using OBOE, on the Gremberg marshalling yards in Cologne with his regular navigator Flt Lt George Russell. They were flying on the Lancaster (PB371) of Flt Lt Owen Milne alongside other 582 Squadron aircrew. Of those on board the aircraft, only the rear gunner survived the attack.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by No. 582 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
| April 1944 | September 1945 | Avro Lancaster | Mks.I & III |

## Squadron bases

Bases and airfields used by No. 582 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Base |
| 1 April 1944 | 10 September 1945 | RAF Little Staughton, Huntingdonshire |
# Daniel Seiter

Daniel Seiter, Saiter, or Seyter (c.1642/1647–1705) was a Viennese-born painter of the Baroque, who trained and worked in Italy.

## Biography

According to Houbraken, Seiter was born on the border of Switzerland and brought up in Vienna. It is unknown who his first teacher was, but as a young man he crossed the alps to Venice, where he apprenticed with Johann Carl Loth. He copied his style so well, that even at the time Houbraken was writing (1718), it was impossible to tell whether a painting was by him or Lott. He then moved to Rome to work in the studio of Carlo Maratta, and while there, he joined the Bentvueghels and received the bent nickname of Morgenstar. His Martyrdom of St Catherine (1685) and Martyrdom of St Lawrence remained on its original place, the side walls of the vestibule of the Cybo Chapel in Santa Maria del Popolo.
Becoming successful in Rome, he married a bookseller's daughter and won a lucrative commission from Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy. The Duke's son Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia commissioned him in turn to decorate the Royal Palace of Turin in 1675, when he became duke after his father died. He liked Seiter's work so much that he knighted him. Today there is still a gallery there named after him. He also helped decorate in fresco the cupola of the chapel of the Ospedale Maggiore.
Seiter followed Victor Amadeus on his travels, and painted in Brunswick and Dresden.

## Trivia

In his biography of Seiter, Houbraken tells a curious anecdote about the Duke and Seiter, saying that Seiter was given a walking cane with diamonds on the head of it, to use as a maulstick to rest his hand on while painting. This story was told to him by a painter named Le Blon. He calls it a Maalstok. When Seiter was done painting he tried to give it back, but the Duke's guard told him to keep it as a token of regard. A similar expensive gift (it was solid gold) was given to Daniel Seghers by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange in exchange for a garland painting that hangs today in the Mauritshuis museum.
Though details of his career are sketchy, Seiter became a painter for the Dukes of Savoy much later than 1655, and thus was not a witness to his patron's murderous massacre of the Vaudois, which the poet John Milton memorialized in his On the Late Massacre in Piedmont. Seiter died in Turin.
# Fosbery

Fosbery may refer to:

## Places

* Fosbery, Manitoba until 1897, former name of Laurier, Manitoba

## Things

* The Webley-Fosbery Automatic Revolver

## People
### Surname

* George Vincent Fosbery (1832–1907), British Lieutenant Colonel who won the Victoria Cross, and a designer of firearms
* H.J.W. Fosbery, British tennis player finalist at the 1893 Wimbledon Championships and 1905 Wimbledon Championships
* Thomas Vincent Fosbery (1807–1875), hymnologist, chaplain to Bishop Samuel Wilberforce, founder of the Girls' Friendly Society
* William Fosbery, High Sheriff of Limerick City in 1781

### Middle/maiden name

* George Fosbery Lyster (1821–1899), British engineer and dock builder
* Eileen Marjorie Fosbery Chambers (1906–1989), New Zealand nurse and hospital administrator
# No. 174 Squadron RAF

No. 174 (Mauritius) Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron that was a fighter-bomber unit in World War II.

## History
### Formation in World War II

The squadron formed on 2 March 1942 at RAF Manston and equipped with Hurricanes and then rocket armed Typhoons in April 1943. They participated in the Dieppe Raid, and were involved in attacks on shipping and V-1 flying bomb launch sites from several bases in the UK. The squadron moved to Camilly, France after D-Day and then withdrew back to the UK, before joining the allied advance across Europe. The squadron disbanded in Germany on 8 April 1945 upon renumbering as No. 137 Squadron RAF, then reformed for two further brief periods and was equipped with Tempests in September 1945 before final disbandment on 31 March 1946 at Faßberg, Germany.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by No. 174 Squadron RAF :
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| Mar 1942 | Apr 1943 | Hawker Hurricane | IIB |
| Apr 1943 | Apr 1945 | Hawker Typhoon | IB |
| Aug 1945 | Sep 1945 | Hawker Typhoon | IB |
| Sep 1945 | Apr 1946 | Hawker Tempest | V |
# Nightfall (2000 film)

Nightfall is a 2000 American straight-to-video science-fiction thriller film directed by Gwyneth Gibby and loosely based on Isaac Asimov's short story of the same name. The film stars Jennifer Burns, Winsome Brown, Joseph Hodge, David Carradine and Ashish Vidyarthi in the lead roles.

## Cast

* Jennifer Burns
* Winsome Brown
* Joseph Hodge
* David Carradine
* Ashish Vidyarthi
* Pradeep Rawat
* Tony Mirrcandani
* Sushant Kumar
* Smita Hai
* Varun Vardhan
* Lalith Sharma

## Production

The film was shot in India.
# Ferens Art Gallery

The Ferens Art Gallery is an art gallery in the English city of Kingston upon Hull. The site and money for the gallery were donated to the city by Thomas Ferens, after whom it is named. The architects were S. N. Cooke and E. C. Davies. Opened in 1927, it was restored and extended in 1991. The gallery features an extensive array of both permanent collections and roving exhibitions.
Among the paintings in the permanent collection is a portrait of an unknown young woman by Frans Hals.
Past temporary exhibitions included features on Queen Victoria and Hull – part of the Royal Collection Trust touring show (2022–2023), Ian McKeever RA (2019), Francis Bacon (2017) and David Remfry RA (1975 and 2005). The building also houses a children's gallery and a popular cafe. The building is now a Grade II listed building.
In 2009, an exhibition and live performance took place at the venue, to help celebrate the 25th anniversary of the opening of The New Adelphi Club, a live music venue less than 2 miles (3 km) north.
In 2013, the gallery acquired a fourteenth-century painting by Pietro Lorenzetti, depicting Christ Between Saints Paul and Peter. The acquisition was jointly funded by the Ferens Endowment Fund, the Heritage Lottery Fund and Art Fund.
In May 2015, it was announced that the gallery would get a £4.5 million makeover to enable it to host the Turner Prize in 2017 as part of the UK City of Culture programme. The gallery reopened on 13 January 2017. On 8 February 2017, Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall visited the gallery to view the completed refurbishment.
In January 2018, Hull City Council announced that a record 519,000 visits were made to the gallery during 2017.

## Art in the Ferens Art Gallery (selected)

* Frans Hals, Portrait of a Young Woman (between 1655 and 1660)
* Frederic Leighton, Electra at the Tomb of Agamemnon 1869
* Elizabeth Thompson: The Return From Inkerman : oil painting (1877)
* Charles Edward Perugini, A Summer Shower c. 1888
* Herbert James Draper, Ulysses and the Sirens c. 1909
* Edward Stott: Good Samaritan (1910)
* Alice Maud Fanner, Summer at Hampton Court, Oil on canvas (1898)
* John Lavery; A Still Morning (1917)
* Glyn Philpot: An Artist and The Rice Family (1920)
# Mayor of Medway

The office of Mayor of Medway is the ceremonial figurehead of Medway Council in Kent, England. The Office is currently held by Cllr Marian Nestorov, who assumed the post on 15 May 2024.

## Role

The Mayor is elected annually from among the councillors. The mayor presides over the meetings of the full council, is the first citizen of the district, and is the official representative of the Crown.
Within the borough of Medway, the Mayor of Medway takes precedence, as determined by the Local Government Act 1972, over all other people except royalty or the Lord Lieutenant of the County (if representing the Queen).
Medway unitary authority was created on 1 April 1998 when the City of Rochester-upon-Medway amalgamated with Gillingham Borough Council and part of Kent County Council to form Medway Council. The Mayor of Medway continues the Rochester City Council tradition of serving as Admiral of the River Medway, with jurisdiction between Hawkwood and Sheerness.
The mayor attends a number of Civic functions and public events throughout Medway and is also entitled to wear certain items of Civic regalia and the Medway Coat of Arms.

## List of mayors of Medway

| Date | Terms | Mayor |
| 1999–2000 | 1 | Dayantha Liyanage |
| 2000–01 | 1 | Richard Andrews |
| 2001–02 | 1 | Tony Goulden, ex-guitarist with pop group Vanity Fare |
| 2002-03 | 1 | Ted Baker |
| 2003-04 | 1 | Nick Bowler |
| 2004-05 | 1 | Ken Webber |
| 2005-06 | 1 | Angela Prodger |
| 2007-08 | 1 | Val Goulden |
| 2008-09 | 1 | David Carr |
| 2009-10 | 1 | David Royle |
| 2010-11 | 1 | David Brake |
| 2011-12 | 1 | Ted Baker |
| 2012-13 | 1 | Vaughan Hewett |
| 2013-14 | 1 | Josie Iles |
| 2014-16 | 2 | Barry Kemp |
| 2016-17 | 1 | Stuart Tranter |
| 2017-18 | 1 | David Wildey |
| 2018-19 | 1 | Steve Iles |
| 2019-21 | 2 | Habib Tejan |
| 2021-22 | | Jan Aldous |
| 2023-24 | | Nina Gurung |
| 2024-25 | | Marian Nestorov |
# Uyarani

Uyarani is a 4,321-metre-high (14,177 ft) volcano in the Cordillera Occidental in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Turco Municipality, Turco Canton. It lies south-east of the extinct Sajama volcano and the Chullkani volcano and south-west of the Asu Asuni volcanic complex, between the Challwiri River and the Lauca River.
# MZD

MZD may refer to:
* Méndez Airport, the IATA code MZD
* ISO 639:mzd, the ISO 639 code for the Limba language (Cameroon)
* Moscow Railway, a subsidiary of Russian Railways
** MK MZD, an orbital railway in Moscow
* Mao Zedong, former chairman of China
# 1965 South African Senate election

The election for the eighth Senate of South Africa took place on November 26, 1965, the first election to that body to be held under the 1961 republican constitution and the first in which a representative of the coloured community was not elected. The result was a victory for the ruling National Party, winning 30 out of the 43 elected seats and 40 out of the total 53 seats.
According to section 29(2)(b) of the 1961 constitution, "at least one of the two senators nominated from each province under this section shall be thoroughly acquainted, by reason of official experience or otherwise, with the interests of the coloured population in the province for which the said senator is nominated". An additional (white) senator should have been nominated in accordance with section 7 of the Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951 "on the ground of his thorough acquaintance, by reason of his official experience or otherwise, with the reasonable wants and wishes of the non-European [i.e. Coloured, as black Africans were explicitly excluded from the definition under section 1 (ii) of the 1951 act] population in the province of the Cape of Good Hope", but this seat continued to be left vacant (as it had been since 1962). The Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, 1968 explicitly prohibited to fill the vacancy and finally abolished this seat with effect from 1970.
# Karolów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Karolów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michałów, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Michałów, 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Pińczów, and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# 1965 NCAA University Division swimming and diving championships

The 1965 NCAA University Division swimming and diving championships were contested at the 29th annual swim meet sanctioned and hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving among its University Division member programs in the United States, culminating the 1964–65 NCAA University Division swimming and diving season.
These championships were hosted by Iowa State University at the Beyer Hall Pool in Ames, Iowa during March 1964.
Two-time defending champions USC again topped the team standings, edging out Indiana by 6.5 points. This was the Trojans' fourth national title and fourth in five seasons.

## Team standings

* (H) = Hosts
* (DC) = Defending champions
* Italics = Debut appearance
| Rank | Team | Points |
| | USC (DC) | 285 |
| | Indiana | 278.5 |
| | Michigan | 221 |
| 4 | Yale | 113.2 |
| 5 | Ohio State | 91.5 |
| 6 | Michigan State | 90 |
| 7 | SMU | 72.5 |
| 8 | UCLA | 50.5 |
| 9 | Southern Illinois | 43 |
| 10 | North Carolina | 41 |
| 10 | Oregon | 41 |
| 12 | Minnesota | 30.5 |
| 13 | Florida | 30 |
| 14 | Army | 27 |
| 15 | Arizona State | 21 |
| 16 | Villanova | 20 |
| 17 | Princeton | 13.5 |
| 18 | Long Beach State | 12.5 |
| 18 | Northeastern | 12.5 |
| 20 | North Carolina | 12.2 |
| 21 | UC Santa Barbara | 11.5 |
| 22 | Florida State | 10 |
| 22 | Illinois | 10 |
| 24 | Wesleyan (CT) | 6.5 |
| 25 | Oregon State | 6 |
| 26 | Air Force | 5 |
| 26 | Cincinnati | 5 |
| 26 | Harvard | 5 |
| 29 | New Mexico | 4 |
| 30 | Maryland | 3 |
| 30 | Utah | 3 |
| 32 | Denver | 2.2 |
| 33 | Georgia | 2 |
| 34 | Colorado State | 1 |
| 34 | Iowa State (H) | 1 |
| 34 | Kansas State | 1 |
| 37 | Idaho | 0.2 |
| 37 | Rutgers | 0.2 |

## Individual events
### Swimming

| Event | Champion | Team | Time |
| 50 yard freestyle | Steve Clark | Yale | 21.2 |
| 100 yard freestyle | Steve Clark (DC) | Yale | 46.1 |
| 200 yard freestyle | Roy Saari | USC | 1:42.9 |
| 500 yard freestyle | Roy Saari (DC) | USC | 4:43.6 |
| 1,650 yard freestyle | Roy Saari (DC) | USC | 16:39.9 |
| 100 yard backstroke | Gary Dilley | Michigan State | 52.6 |
| 200 yard backstroke | Gary Dilley | Michigan State | 1:56.2 |
| 100 yard breaststroke | Bill Craig (DC) | USC | 1:00.3 |
| 200 yard breaststroke | Tom Tretheway | Indiana | 2:10.4 |
| 100 yard butterfly | Fred Schmidt | Indiana | 51.0 |
| 200 yard butterfly | Fred Schmidt (DC) | Indiana | 1:51.4 |
| 200 yard individual medley | Robert Hopper | Ohio State | 1:51.8 |
| 400 yard individual medley | Carl Robie | Michigan | 4:16.6 |
| 400 yard freestyle relay | David Lyons Douglas Kennedy Ed Townsend Steve Clark | Yale (DC) | 3:07.2 |
| 400 yard medley relay | Glen Hammer Tom Tretheway Fred Schmidt Robert Williamson | Indiana | 3:30.7 |

### Diving

| Event | Champion | Team | Score |
| 1 meter diving | Ken Sitzberger | Indiana | 511.25 |
| 3 meter diving | Ken Sitzberger | Indiana | 565.05 |
# 1965 in Korea

1965 in Korea may refer to:
* 1965 in North Korea
* 1965 in South Korea
# 1970 Championship of Australia

The 1970 Championship of Australia was the 14th edition of the Championship of Australia, an ANFC-organised national club Australian rules football match between the champion clubs from the VFL and the SANFL.

## Qualified Teams

| Team | Nickname | League | Qualification | Participation (bold indicates winners) |
| Carlton | Blues | VFL | Winners of the 1970 Victorian Football League | 5th (Previous: 1907, 1908, 1914, 1968) |
| Sturt | Double Blues | SANFL | Winners of the 1970 South Australian National Football League | 3rd (Previous: 1968, 1969) |

## Venue

* Adelaide Oval (Capacity: 64,000)

## Match Details
### Championship of Australia

* This Australian rules football competition-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Karl Kehrbach

Karl Kehrbach (22 August 1846, Neustadt an der Orla – 21 October 1905, Charlottenburg) was a German pedagogue best known as editor of the multi-volume Monumenta Germaniae Paedagogica.
He studied pedagogy at the University of Leipzig, and from 1874 was a member of Tuiskon Ziller's educational seminar. For several years he worked as a teacher, and for a period of time served as a librarian at the University of Halle. From 1883 he lived in Berlin-Charlottenburg as a private scholar, receiving the title of professor in 1894. He was a founder of the Gesellschaft für deutsche Erziehungs- und Schulgeschichte (Society for German Education and School History), of which he was an editor of its periodical, Mitteilungen.

## Published works

* From 1886 onward, he was editor of the Monumenta Germaniae Paedagogica, which at the time of his death in 1905 had grown to 32 volumes (1938, 62 volumes).
* In 1887 he began edition of Johann Friedrich Herbart's writings, Sämtliche werke in chronologischer Reihenfolge (Collected works in chronological order). After Kehrbach's death the project was continued by Otto Flügel (volumes 11-19) and Theodor Fritzsch (volumes 16-19).
* From 1877 to 1884 he issued editions of the major works of Immanuel Kant in Reclam's Universal-Bibliothek.
# Elizabethtown Open

The Elizabethtown Open was a golf tournament on the Ben Hogan Tour. It ran from 1990 to 1991. It was played at Pine Valley Country Club in Elizabethtown, Kentucky.
In 1991 the winner earned $20,000.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| Ben Hogan Elizabethtown Open ||||||
| 1991 | Ricky Smallridge | 201 | −12 | 5 strokes | Jerry Foltz |
| 1990 | Dicky Thompson | 205 | −11 | Playoff | Jeff Maggert |
* This article on an American golf tournament is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* t
* e
* This article related to sports in Kentucky is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Kassapa

Kassapa, Kashyapa, or Kasyapa may refer to:
* Kassapa Buddha, also known as Kāśyapa Buddha, an ancient Buddha
* Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura (r. 473–495), king of Sri Lanka
* Kashyapa or Kāśyapa, a Vedic Hindu sage
** Kashyapa Samhita, Ayurveda treatise attributed to him
* Kashyap (caste), a caste in India
* Kashyap (surname), an Indian surname
# Karr-Koussevitzky double bass

The Karr-Kousevitzky bass or Amati bass is a famous double bass previously belonging to Serge Koussevitzky and Gary Karr. Now generally referred to as the Karr-Koussevitzky rather than the Amati; until recently, the bass had been attributed to the Amati brothers, but now it is generally believed to have its origins in France. It is renowned for its tonal quality in solo music but is considered to be difficult to play.
The bass has been officially possessed by Koussevitzky, his widow, Karr, and the International Society of Bassists. After Koussevitzky died in 1951, the bass remained in the care of his wife, Olga, until 1962. Olga presented the instrument to Karr after attending one of his recitals. She said that she saw the ghost of her husband embrace him on stage, and took this as a sign to pass the bass on. Karr continued playing the instrument, and it became his main bass for over 40 years until he donated the instrument to the International Society of Bassists, an organization he founded. In 2011, the instrument was featured with bassist Scott Pingel and the San Francisco Academy Orchestra.
The origins of the bass have long been subject to speculation. Although nothing is known of the instrument before 1901, Koussevitzky reported having acquired it from a French dealer. The bass was originally thought to have been made in 1611 by Antonio and Girolamo Amati. However, recent studies suggest a French origin and a fabrication date closer to 1800. The studies consider style of construction and feature proportions to identify a region and date; growth ring analysis further confirmed the more recent date.
In November 2015, the Karr-Koussevitzky bass suffered damage during the course of handling on a Southwest Airlines flight, where the neck became detached from the body of the instrument. Bassist Michael Griffin of the Rochester Philharmonic repaired the instrument in time for a performance on the instrument by Colin Corner of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra.