OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eta Sagittae

Eta Sagittae (η Sagittae) is solitary star in the northern constellation of Sagitta. It is faintly visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of +5.09. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 20.34 mas, it is approximately 160 light years distant from the Sun. There is a 61.1% chance that it is a member of the Hyades-Pleiades stream of stars that share a common motion through space.
This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K2 III. At the age of about 1.7 billion years, it is now a red clump star that is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core. Eta Sagittae has 1.7 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to seven times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 25.7 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,784 K.
# HMAS Melville

One ship and one naval base of the Royal Australian Navy have been named HMAS Melville, after Melville Island.
* HMAS Melville (naval base), a naval base in Darwin, which operated from 1940 until its destruction by Cyclone Tracy in 1974
* HMAS Melville (A 246), a Leeuwin-class hydrographic survey vessel commissioned in 2000 and active as of 2016
# Euapta

Euapta is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Synaptidae.

## Species

The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species :
* Euapta godeffroyi (Semper, 1868)
* Euapta lappa (J. Müller, 1850)
* Euapta magna Heding, 1928
* Euapta tahitiensis Cherbonnier, 1955
# HMS Artois

Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Artois. The name entered the navy with the capture of the French frigate Artois:
* HMS Artois (1780) was a 40-gun fifth rate captured from the French in 1780 and sold in 1786.
* HMS Artois (1794) was a 38-gun fifth rate launched in 1794 and wrecked in 1797.
# HMS Jackdaw (1806)

HMS Jackdaw was a Royal Navy Cuckoo-class schooner that William Rowe built at Newcastle and launched in 1806. She had a relatively undistinguished career, with the low point being her capture by what some described as a Spanish "rowboat". British frigates recaptured Jackdaw the next day. She went on to serve as a tender at Plymouth before being sold in 1816.

## Service

In June 1806 Lieutenant Martin White commissioned her before turning over command to Lieutenant Samuel Thomas. The newly promoted Lieutenant Nathaniel Brice took command in October.
Jackdaw was carrying letters from Admiral Collingwood to England on a course along the Portuguese coast. On 15 February 1807 she spotted three sails, which altered their course towards her. A chase developed but next morning the largest of the three, a lateen-rigged vessel, was observed to be only five miles behind and using sweeps to catch up. Jackdaw fired a handful of shots before the vessel took up a raking position on Jackdaw's quarter and hoisted a Spanish flag. Brice consulted with the Mate, John Edwards, and the two convinced each other that as they had only two guns mounted, and a total of only 17 men on board, resistance was futile. They therefore struck.
After they were taken prisoner, some crew members became drunk and abusive, which led Brice later to charge them with drunken insubordination. Two testified at the subsequent court martial on 11 May 1807 for the loss of Jackdaw that Brice and Edwards had surrendered too easily. The court martial board agreed and dismissed both Brice and Edwards from the service. The crewmen were sentenced to be mulcted of any pay due.
The next day the frigates Minerva and Amazon recaptured Jackdaw. Later, the Admiralty reinstated Brice and he went on to serve on several vessels until 1815.

## Fate

In July 1810 Jackdaw was fitted as a tender to the flagship at Plymouth. She was offered for sale on 17 October 1816, and sold on 1 November for £210.
# Etabendiwewa

Etabendiwewa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province and about 80 miles (or 128 kilometres) away from the country's capital, Colombo.
The closest airport to this village is China Bay Airport, 64 miles away.
# Eucomis grimshawii

Eucomis grimshawii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to the Cape Provinces. It was first described by Graham Duncan and Ben Zonneveld in 2010.

## Description

Eucomis grimshawii is a short summer-growing bulbous plant, up to 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tall. The bulb is ovoid, about 3 cm (1+1⁄8 in) across, with a pale brown outer tunic. The bulb produces four or five leaves, 9–12 cm (3+1⁄2–4+1⁄2 in) long and 4–6 cm (1+1⁄2–2+1⁄4 in) wide, with flat or slightly undulate margins. The inflorescence is a dense raceme 3–5 cm (1+1⁄4–2 in) long, with a variable number of flowers. The flowering stem (scape) is shaded dark maroon or magenta on the lower half, with similarly coloured marks on the upper half. Individual flowers are slightly sweetly scented, with greenish white tepals up to 5 mm (3⁄16 in) long. The upper flowers have up to 1 mm (1⁄32 in) long pedicels, the lower ones are sessile. The inflorescence is topped by a head or "coma" of 9–16 bracts 15–35 mm (5⁄8–1+3⁄8 in) long. The ovary has three locules. The seeds are dull blackish brown.

## Taxonomy

Eucomis grimshawii was first described in 2010 by Graham Duncan and Ben Zonneveld, and named after J. Grimshaw who first discovered it in 2002, in the southern Drakensberg, south of Lesotho. E. grimshawii is one of the group of smaller summer-growing diploid species of Eucomis.
E. grimshawii most closely resembles Eucomis schijffii, but is shorter, and has greenish white, sweet-scented flowers rather than dark purple flowers with an unpleasant smell, and pale green rather than glaucous leaves. Both species have dull sculptured seeds rather than smooth glossy ones.

## Distribution and habitat

Eucomis grimshawii was found in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in the Drakensberg Mountains, south of Lesotho, at an altitude of around 2,700 m (8,858 ft). It grows in rich soil, on shady, seasonally wet, south-facing grassy slopes and in boggy conditions.
# Eucomis humilis

Eucomis humilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to KwaZulu-Natal and Lesotho. It was first described by Baker in 1895. The greenish to purplish flowers appear in summer and are arranged in a spike (raceme), topped by a "head" of green leaflike bracts. Cultivated as an ornamental plant, it can be grown successfully outside where frosts are not too severe.

## Description

Eucomis humilis is a short summer-growing bulbous plant. Its bulb is ovoid, 3–5 cm (1+1⁄8–2 in) across. Six to eight leaves emerge from the bulb, each about 35 cm (14 in) long and 6–10 cm (2+1⁄2–4 in) across. The bases of the leaves are sometimes spotted underneath. The margins are variously described as smooth without undulations or wavy-edged. The flowers are arranged in a short, rather slender raceme on a stem (peduncule) 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tall. The raceme is topped by a head or "coma" of short bracts. The somewhat unpleasantly scented flowers have six greenish or purplish tepals, and purple stamen filaments. The ovary and the inflated capsule that develops from it are large and reddish purple in colour.

## Taxonomy

Eucomis humilis was first described by John Gilbert Baker in 1895. The specific epithet humilis means low-growing or dwarf. Although relatively short, it is one of the usually larger tetraploid species of Eucomis, with 2n = 2x = 60.

## Distribution and habitat

Eucomis humilis is found in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal and in Lesotho. In the Drakensberg alpine regions, it is found in generally damp habitats, such as stream gullies and grassland below cliffs, at altitudes of 2,220–2,900 m (7,280–9,510 ft).

## Cultivation

Eucomis humilis is grown as an ornamental garden plant. It can be planted in full sun or semi-shade, preferring nutrient-rich, well-drained soils. It tolerates some degree of frost. Plants collected at 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in South Africa were grown and flowered successfully outside in the south of England at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It can be propagated from seeds, offsets and leaf cuttings.
# Eucomis pallidiflora

Eucomis pallidiflora, the giant pineapple lily, is a bulbous species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini). The white to green flowers appear in summer and are arranged in a spike (raceme), topped by a "head" of green leaflike bracts. Some forms reach almost 2 m (6 ft 7 in) when in flower. The species is cultivated as an ornamental plant, although it is not hardy in areas where severe frosts occur.

## Description

Eucomis pallidiflora is a perennial growing from a large bulb with a diameter of up to 8 cm (3+1⁄4 in). It has a basal rosette of strap-shaped leaves, about 50–60 cm (20–24 in) long and 10–20 cm (4–8 in) wide, with minutely serrated margins. The inflorescence, produced in late summer (August in the UK), is a dense raceme, reaching an overall height of 50–180 cm (1 ft 8 in – 5 ft 11 in), almost 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in some forms. The individual flowers have white, greenish yellow or green tepals and a green ovary. The inflorescence is topped by a head (coma) of up to 30 bracts, sometimes quite small. The plant lacks the purple coloration found other large species of Eucomis, such as Eucomis comosa.

## Taxonomy

Eucomis pallidiflora was first described by John Gilbert Baker in 1887. The Latin specific epithet pallidiflora means "pale flowered". It is one of a group of larger tetraploid species of Eucomis, with 2n = 4x = 60.
Two subspecies are recognized by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families:
* E. pallidiflora subsp. pallidiflora
* E. pallidiflora subsp. pole-evansii (N.E.Br.) Reyneke ex J.C.Manning, formerly treated as a separate species E. pole-evansii
E. pallidiflora subsp. pallidiflora has a relatively densely packed raceme of flowers on a stem (peduncule) up to 47 cm (18+1⁄2 in) high from the base to the first flower, whereas E. pallidiflora subsp. pole-evansii has a loose raceme on a stem 80–120 cm (31–47 in) long before the first flower. Some sources regard E. pallidiflora subsp. pole-evansii as hardly distinguishable from the typical form.

## Distribution and habitat

Eucomis pallidiflora is native to southern Africa – the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, the Free State and the Northern Provinces in South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini. It is found at a range of altitudes, from 915 m (3,000 ft) to 2,080 m (6,800 ft).

## Cultivation

The plant is not frost-hardy, and requires a winter mulch in those areas subject to freezing temperatures. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It flowers in summer (August in cultivation in Britain), remaining upright for two months while the seeds ripen. It can be cultivated in containers where severe frosts occur, kept inside and dry in winter.
# Eosentomon bohemicum

Eosentomon bohemicum is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China).
# Brighton and Hove Reform Synagogue

The Brighton and Hove Reform Synagogue is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Palmeira Avenue, in Hove, East Sussex, England, in the United Kingdom.

## History and affiliation

The community was founded in 1955 with temporary accommodation and the synagogue was dedicated in 1967 to serve a rapidly growing community. The 400-capacity building was designed by Derek Sharp. A plaque indicates that the foundation stone was laid on 17 July 1966, or in the Hebrew calendar, 29 Tammuz 5726. It became the largest congregation in Brighton and Hove and one of the larger ones in the Reform Movement.
The first rabbi to serve the community was Rabbi Rosenblum who developed a style of prayer which combined a sense of tradition with mixed seating and inclusion of English beside a mainly Hebrew rendering of the service. In 2011 members of the synagogue voted in favour of equal rights for women congregants.
The synagogue is a member of the Movement for Reform Judaism. In 2012, it was reported that the congregation had 500 adult members.

## Rabbi

The rabbi of the congregation, since September 2012, is Dr. Andrea Zanardo. Zanardo was born in Varese and was among the founders of the first Italian Progressive Congregation while studying for his PhD. He was ordained in July 2012 after rabbinical studies at Leo Baeck College.
# Paul v Germany

Paul v Germany [2004] ECR I-09425 is a European Court of Justice case regarding the civil liability of bank regulators in a case where those regulators were alleged to have failed in their duty. As of November 2008, it is the only ECJ case to consider the Deposit Guarantee Directive (94/19/EC), which was one of the causes of the Icesave dispute between Iceland and the United Kingdom in late 2008.

## Judgment

The Court ruled that the various Directives on banking supervision did not confer rights on individuals, and so individual depositors were not entitled to damages from banking supervisors if those Directives were breached. The only individual right guaranteed under European Union law was the minimum deposit insurance, covering the first 20 000 euros.
# Fabrice Notari

Fabrice Notari (born 26 April 1958) is a Monegasque politician, architect and former alpine skier; he competed in two events at the 1988 Winter Olympics. He is a member of Priorité Monaco as well as the National Council of Monaco.
# Carnforth High School

Carnforth High School is a coeducational secondary school located in Carnforth, Lancashire, England. The school previously held specialist Science College status.
Carnforth High School offers its sixth form courses as part of the North Lancashire Learning Partnership which also includes Central Lancaster High School, and Our Lady's Catholic College.
Previously a community school administered by Lancashire County Council, in June 2018 Carnforth High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by The Bay Learning Trust.
# North to the Klondike

North to the Klondike is a 1942 American northern adventure film directed by Erle C. Kenton and starring Broderick Crawford, Evelyn Ankers and Andy Devine. The supporting cast features Lon Chaney Jr. in his last film before The Wolf Man, which also stars Ankers, but North to the Klondike was released the year after The Wolf Man.

## Cast

* Broderick Crawford as John Thorn
* Evelyn Ankers as Mary Sloan
* Andy Devine as Klondike
* Lon Chaney Jr. as Nate Carson
* Lloyd Corrigan as Doctor Curtis
* Willie Fung as Waterlily
* Keye Luke as K. Wellington Wong
* Stanley Andrews as Jim (Tom) Allen
* Dorothy Granger as Mayme Cassidy
* Monte Blue as Burke
* Riley Hill (credited as Roy Harris) as Ben Sloan
* Paul Dubov as Piety Smith
* Fred Cordova as Indian Joe
* Jeff Corey as Lafe Jordon
# Ersephila grandipennis

Ersephila grandipennis is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Ersephila grandipennis is 7280.
# Ersfjorden

Ersfjorden is a fjord in the Senja municipality of Norway. It is 12.5 kilometers long and begins on the western side of Kvaløya.
# Meezy Hurst

Meezy Hurst (SO638089 to SO647091) is a 4.3-hectare (11-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1986.
The site is listed in the 'Forest of Dean Local Plan Review' as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).

## Location and geology

The site is in the Forest of Dean and is at four separate locations. This is an area of disused quarries and dismantled railways. The exposures gives the lower part of the Westphalian succession of the Forest of Dean. The rocks were laid down some 310 million years ago in the Upper Carboniferous Period. The exposures provide a clear indication of contact with the underlying older rocks, and a good section through the whole of the Trenchard Group. The lower Pennant Group of the Upper Coal Measures are visible. The site is a significant research area for examination of how sedimentation spread into the area.
# Eriogonum viridescens

Eriogonum viridescens is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name twotooth buckwheat. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the Central Coast Ranges through the Transverse Ranges and into the Mojave Desert, as well as in the Central Valley. It grows in a variety of habitat types, generally on clay and sandy soils.

## Description

This is a slender annual herb producing flowering stems up to about 30 centimeters tall surrounded at the bases by woolly oval leaves. The inflorescence is a wide open array of branches lined with clusters of white or pink flowers. Each flower has lobes only about a millimeter long which are wider at the tips.
# Megacraspedus homochroa

Megacraspedus homochroa is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Ferdinand Le Cerf in 1932. It is found in Morocco.
# Escadrille Spa.78

Escadrille Spa.78 (originally Escadrille N.78) was a French fighter squadron active from December 1916 until the end of World War I on 11 November 1918. It spent most of its existence as a component of a larger Groupe de Combat involved in offensive operations. The squadron was credited with a minimum of 40 confirmed aerial victories during the war.

## History

Escadrille N.78 was organized on 12 December 1916 at Saint Etienne-a-Temple, France. It was formed under the guidance of Lieutenant Armand Pinsard. On 17 March 1917, it was one of four squadrons combined into Groupe de Combat 15 in support of IV Armee. In the latter part of 1917, the squadron re-equipped with SPAD fighters, and renamed Escadrille Spa.78.
The squadron would fight as part of the Groupe until the Armistice on 11 November 1918. The Groupe would operate with various French field armies until 10 September 1918. It fought in support of the U.S. First Army until 28 September, when it passed to support of IV Armee. On 23 October 1918, it moved to its final assignment with V Armee.
Escadrille Spa.78 ended World War I credited with destruction of at least 40 German aircraft, with another 40 claims judged probable victories.

## Commanding officers

* Lieutenant Armand Pinsard: 12 December 1916wounded in action 12 July 1917
* Capitaine Eugene Verdon: 12 July 1917 - 25 September 1917
* Capitaine Gustave Lagache: 25 September 1917 - war's end

## Notable members

* Lieutenant Armand Pinsard
* Sous lieutenant Pierre Le Roy de Boiseaumarié, who later co-founded of the Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO).

## Aircraft

* Various types of Nieuport fighters: 12 December 1916 - late 1917
* SPAD fighters: Late 1917 - war's end

## End notes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918, p. 97
# Escadrille Spa.68

Escadrille Spa.68 (originally Escadrille N.68) was a French fighter squadron active from Autumn 1915 until the Armistice that ended World War I. It was equipped with a mixed lot of Nieuports until they were gradually replaced by SPADs in November 1917. The squadron was one of four bundled into Groupe de Combat 20 in February 1918. By war's end, Escadrille Spa.68 was credited with the destruction of 15 enemy aircraft.

## History

Escadrille Spa.68 was founded as Escadrille N.68. It was one of two early aviation units attached to the Cavalry Corps when it was supplied with Nieuports during September 1915. Equipment was a mixture of Nieuport 12s, Nieuport 16s, and Nieuport 27s.
By early 1917, it was attached to VIII Armee. It would spend the year with a steady turnover of aircraft types until it stabilized on SPAD S.7s and SPAD XIIs in November. Once outfitted with SPADs, the squadron was redesignated Escadrille Spa.68.
Toward the end of February 1918, the squadron was one of four that were combined to form Groupe de Combat 20. The squadron would fight as part of this larger unit until war's end. By that time, Escadrille Spa.68 was credited with the destruction of 15 German aircraft.

## Commanding officers

* Unknown: September 1915 - November 1916
* Capitaine Garde: November 1916 - Early 1917
* Capitaine Lemerle: Early 1917 - 16 June 1918
* Lieutenant Milliat: 16 June 1918 - war's end

## Notable member

Lieutenant: Pierre Gaudermen

## Aircraft

** Nieuports (type unknown): September 1915
* Early 1917 inventory:
** Nieuport 12s
** Nieuport 16s
** Nieuport 27s
* SPAD S.7s begin to arrive: March 1917
* June 1917 inventory:
** SPAD S.7s
** Nieuport 24s
* August 1917 inventory:
** SPADs (type unknown)
** Nieuport 24s
* November 1917 inventory:
** SPAD S.7s
** SPAD S.12

## End notes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918, pp. 95 - 96
# Erupa nigrescentella

Erupa nigrescentella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in Paraná, Brazil.
# Meléndez

Meléndez is a common surname in the Spanish language. The variant is Melendez. It may refer to:
* Adolfo Meléndez (born 1884), Spanish military scientist
* Carlos Meléndez (disambiguation), multiple people
* Gerardo Meléndez, Puerto Rico-born scientist
* Juan Meléndez Valdés (born 1754), Spanish poet
* Jorge Meléndez (born 1871), 26th President of El Salvador
* María Meléndez (born 1951), Puerto Rican politician
* Rodrigo Meléndez (born 1977), Chilean football player
# Melwin

Melwin is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Melwin Beckman (born 2000), Polish handball player
* Melwin Cedeño (born 1964), Puerto Rican actor, dancer and comedian
* Melwin Lycke Holm (born 2004), Swedish high jumper
# Melville Jameson

Brigadier Sir Melville Stewart Jameson, KCVO, CBE, CStJ (born 17 July 1944) is a senior British Army officer who served as Lord Lieutenant of Perth and Kinross from 2006 to 2020. He was awarded the Freedom of the City of Perth on stepping down from the post.
Sir Melville was commissioned into the Royal Scots Greys in 1964, commanded the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards between 1986 and 1988, was promoted to colonel in 1990 and brigadier in 1994, and commanded the 51st Highland Brigade between 1993 and 1996. He also served as chief executive of the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo between 1995 and 2007.
In 1994, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and in the 2018 Birthday Honours he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.
# Essex High School

Essex High School may refer to:
* Essex High School (Vermont)
* Essex High School (Virginia)
# Nyolge language

Nyolge or Nyagulgule (Njalgulgule) is a Daju language of the Western Daju, spoken in a single village in South Sudan.
# Epipsammia

Epipsammia was a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. It is now considered a synonym of Hecatera. It consisted of the species Epipsammia deserticola, which has been renamed to Hecatera deserticola.
# Berberis polyodonta

Berberis polyodonta is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1901. It is native to Assam, Myanmar, and southwestern China (Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan).

## Taxonomy

Berberis polyodonta was initially scientifically described and named Mahonia polyodonta by Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde. A paper published by Joseph Edward Laferrière in 1997 summarized the arguments for Mahonia being more properly classified as a synonym of Berberis renaming it Berberis polyodonta. As of 2023 this is the most common classification by botanists.