OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alosterna tabacicolor

Alosterna tabacicolor is a species of beetle in family Cerambycidae.

## Subspecies

Subspecies include:
* Alosterna tabacicolor erythropus (Gebler, 1841)
* Alosterna tabacicolor sachalinensis Danilevsky, 2012
* Alosterna tabacicolor subvittata Reitter, 1885
* Alosterna tabacicolor tabacicolor (DeGeer, 1775)
* Alosterna tabacicolor tenebris Danilevsky, 2012
* Alosterna tabacicolor tokatensis Pic, 1901

## Distribution and habitat

This species is present in the Palearctic. In Europe in can be found in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. In Asia it can be found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, North Korea and Turkey. These beetles occur from the plains to the lower mountain ranges, especially in forests. In the southern Alps they also live in higher areas.

## Description

Alosterna tabacicolor can reach a body length of about 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in). These graceful longhorn beetles are slender, the head, the pronotum and the upper part of the elytra are dark in color, while the remaining part of the elytra are brown-yellow and the sides are darkened. The pronotum is longer than it is wide, the sides are concave and curved inward. Elytra are finely haired. The legs of these beetles are brown-yellow, the ends of the thighs are rarely dark in color.

## Biology

Adults of Alosterna tabacicolor feed on flowers of Apiaceae and Aruncus dioicus in well wooded areas. The flight time lasts from April to July, but adults of these beetles can be found especially in July. The life cycle lasts two years. The larvae mainly live in the bark of Quercus robur, but also in extremely decayed wood of deciduous trees (elm, oak, maple, willow, hazel, hornbeam and birch). Exceptionally, the development also takes place in coniferous species such as spruce or pine.
# Óscar Maúrtua

Óscar José Ricardo Maúrtua de Romaña (born 7 February 1947) is a Peruvian diplomat and jurist who served as Minister of Foreign Relations of Peru from August 2021 to February 2022, under the presidency of Pedro Castillo. He previously occupied the office under President Alejandro Toledo during the last of year of his presidency.
A career diplomat since 1968, Maúrtua served throughout his career as the Peruvian ambassador to many countries, such as Canada, Bolivia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Ecuador. He also served as Fernando Belaúnde's chief of staff during his second presidency (1980–1985).
Maúrtua serves as president of the Peruvian International Law Society since 2017.

## Minister of Foreign Relations

Maúrtua was appointed by president Alejandro Toledo as Minister of Foreign Relations for the first time on 16 August 2005, following the resignation of Carlos Ferrero's cabinet five days earlier, which prompted newly inaugurated foreign minister, Fernando Olivera, a controversial politician, to resign. He served under Pedro Pablo Kuczynski's premiership until the end to Toledo's presidency.
Sixteen years later, Maúrtua would be called up to assume the ministry for a second time under Pedro Castillo's presidency and Guido Bellido's premiership, following Héctor Béjar's resignation amidst the political instability generated by the latter's unfortunate statements regarding the rise of terrorism in Peru, as he blamed the Peruvian Navy and the CIA on the matter. Maúrtua's appointment has been considered a reversal of Castillo's initial left-wing foreign policy initiated under Béjar, generating criticism from the governing Free Peru's hard-left representatives.
On 1 February 2022, Maúrtua was succeeded as minister by constitutionalist César Landa after President Pedro Castillo did not ratify him in his second cabinet reshuffle.
# Condica aroana

Condica aroana is a moth in the family Noctuidae that occurs in Australia and Borneo.

## Description

There is a kidney shaped mark in the center of each forewing, the hindwings are brown with darker brown veins. They have buff speckled dark brown wings that are 20mm in length.
# Prodanović

Prodanović is a Serbian surname, derived from the name Prodan. It may refer to:
* Boško Prodanović (born 1943), Former Bosnian footballer
* Jaša Prodanović, Former Serbian Minister for Serbia in Yugoslav government
* Ilija Prodanović (born 1979), Bosnian Serb footballer
* Milan Prodanović, Serbian basketball player
* Mileta Prodanović, Serbian author
* Miloš Prodanović, Serbian handball player
* Nenad Prodanović (born 1954), Serbian bobsledder
* Radivoj Prodanović, Serbian politician
* Rajko Prodanović (born 1986), Serbian handballer
* Vasilije Prodanović (born 1985), Serbian footballer
# CBCL

CBCL may refer to:
* CBCL-FM, a radio station (93.5 FM) licensed to London, Ontario, Canada
* Common Business Communication Language
* Child Behavior Checklist, a multiple informant measure of child emotional and behavioral adjustment
* CBCL (MIT), the Center for Biological and Computational Learning at MIT
# Robert Pferdmenges

Robert Pferdmenges (27 March 1880 in Mönchengladbach – 28 September 1962 in Cologne) was a German banker and CDU politician. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1950 to 1962 and a close friend to Konrad Adenauer.

## Life and profession

After attending school and doing military service with the Leibdragoners in Darmstadt, Pferdmenges completed a banking apprenticeship at the Bergisch-Märkische Bank [de]. From 1901 he worked at the London branch of Disconto-Gesellschaft, becoming branch manager there after a few years. In 1913, he moved to the Antwerp branch of the same banking institution. Shortly thereafter, he was enlisted in the reserve regiment of the Darmstadt Leibdragoners, again detached to Antwerp for civil administration, and returned to Cologne in 1919 as a Rittmeister.
From 1919 to 1929, he was a member of the board of directors of A. Schaaffhausen'scher Bankverein in Cologne; as chairman of the board, he was instrumental in the 1929 merger of Disconto-Gesellschaft with Deutsche Bank and became a member of the supervisory board of Deutsche Bank. In 1931, at the instigation of Reich Chancellor Heinrich Brüning, Pferdmenges became deputy chairman of the supervisory board of Dresdner Bank and, a year later, also a member of an expert commission on the establishment of state banking supervision. In 1932, he became a member of the General Council and the Central Committee of the Reichsbank, but left the body again a year later. He had already been chairman of the Association of Banks and Bankers in Rhineland and Westphalia since 1921; he gave up the post when the National Socialists came to power in 1933. He was also a member of the German Gentlemen's Club, an influential association of high-ranking conservative personalities in the Weimar Republic.
# Fanny Bias

Anne-Françoise Bias, known as Fanny Bias ((1789-06-03)3 June 1789 – (1825-09-06)6 September 1825), was a dancer at the Paris Opera from 1807 to 1825. She was one of the first dancers to use the pointe technique.

## Biography

Bias was born in Paris, France, and trained at the Paris Opera Ballet School under Louis Milon. She made her debut at the opera in 1807 and became one of the most famous dancers of the French Restoration period, together with her friend Émilie Bigottini. Later in her career she became a first soloist at the company.
In 1820 she was a principal in Les Pages du duc de Vendôme by Jean-Pierre Aumer and Adalbert Gyrowetz. She performed in many other productions, including in London.
She retired due to poor health and died in Paris at the age of 36.
# Erc of Dalriada

Erc was king of Irish Dál Riata from 439 until 474, succeeding Eochaid Muinremuir. He was the father of three sons: Fergus Mór, Loarn and Oengus. He also may have been the great-grandfather of Muirchertach mac Muiredaig. Confusion arises from the latter's matronym, Macc Ercae, said to come from his legendary mother Erc ingen Loarn, daughter of Loarn mac Eirc. She married Muiredach mac Eógain. According to the Duan Albanach and the Senchus Fer n-Alban, Erc of Dál Riata's father was Eochaid Muinremuir, son of Áengus Fert, son of Fedlimid, son of Oengus, son of another Fedlimid, son of Senchormaich, son of Cruitlinde, son of Findfece, son of Archircir, son of Eochaid Antoit, son of Fiacha Cathmail, son of Cairbre Riata, son of Conaire Cóem and Saraid ingen Chuinn.
Suggestions that he was identical with Muiredach mac Eógain and thus belonged to the Uí Néill are based on late sources, such as the Annals of the Four Masters. In fact the Dál Riata are considered Érainn or Darini and claimed to be descendants of the famous Érainn king Conaire Mór. It is typical in late genealogies for unrelated peoples or those only related through marriage to be worked into a single genealogical scheme and all be made descendants of the same legendary founder.
Erc is significant as he has been traditionally regarded as the ancestor, through his son Fergus Mor, of the kings of Dalriada, and through them the Kings of Scotland, but more recently much of this tradition has been questioned.
# Psilocybe carbonaria

Psilocybe carbonaria is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae.
# Giuseppe Makes a Movie

Giuseppe Makes a Movie is a 2014 documentary film created by Adam Rifkin about the micro-budget films of actor/director Giuseppe Andrews.
# Bau-Lundu

Bau-Lundu was a federal constituency in Sarawak, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1971 to 1978.
The federal constituency was created in the 1968 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 1978 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of Parliament for Bau-Lundu :
| Parliament | No | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created |||||
| | | 1969-1971 | Parliament was suspended | Parliament was suspended |
| 3rd | P121 | 1971 | Sinyium Mutit | SUPP |
| 3rd | P121 | 1971-1973 | Joseph Valentine Cotter | SUPP |
| 3rd | P121 | 1973-1974 | Joseph Valentine Cotter | BN (SUPP) |
| 4th | P131 | 1974-1978 | Patrick Uren | SNAP |
| Constituency abolished, renamed to Mas Gading |||||

### State constituency

| Parliamentary constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency |
| Parliamentary constituency | 1969–1978 | 1978–1990 | 1990–1999 | 1999–2008 | 2008–2016 | 2016−present |
| Bau-Lundu | Bau | | | | | |
| Bau-Lundu | Lundu | | | | | |
# Conductance

Conductance may refer to:
* Conductance (graph), a measure in graph theory
* Electrical resistance and conductance, the ability for electric charge to flow in a certain path
* Fluid conductance, the ability for fluid to transmit through materials
# Goodenia stobbsiana

Goodenia stobbsiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to the north-west of Western Australia. It is a sticky, much-branched, perennial subshrub with egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base and thyrses of blue flowers.

## Description

Goodenia stobbsiana is a much-branched perennial subshrub that typically grows to a height of up to 80 cm (31 in) with sticky foliage. The leaves at the base of the plant and on the stems are egg-shaped to lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 40–70 mm (1.6–2.8 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) wide, sometimes with teeth on the edges. The flowers are arranged in loose thyrses up to 400 mm (16 in) long on a peduncle up to 50 mm (2.0 in) long with leaf-like bracts and linear bracteoles up to 10 mm (0.39 in) long, each flower on a pedicel up to 4 mm (0.16 in) long. The corolla is blue with lobes up to 14 mm (0.55 in) long. Flowering mainly occurs from March to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia stobbsiana was first formally described in 1878 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected by John Forrest. The specific epithet (stobbsiana) honours Johns Stobbs (184–1882), a Presbyterian minister who assisted von Mueller.

## Distribution

This goodenia grows in stony soil, often in disturbed or burned areas, mainly in the Pilbara region of north-western Australia.

## Conservation status

Goodenia stobbsiana is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# CBCT

CBCT may refer to:
* CBCT-DT, a television station (channel 13) licensed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
* CBCT-FM, a radio station (96.1 FM) licensed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
* Helical cone beam computed tomography
* Cone beam computed tomography
# Chhouk Rin

Chhouk Rin is a former Khmer Rouge commander. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of three tourists, Australian David Wilson, 29, Briton Mark Slater, 28, and Frenchman Jean-Michel Braquet, 27 at Phnom Voar in 1994. In 2005, he escaped to Phnom Penh where he evaded capture because he believed that Sam Bith and Nuon Paet are the guilty ones. After he was captured, he lost an appeal to overturn the ruling that sentenced him to life imprisonment in Prey Sar prison.
# Frank Saul

Frank Saul may refer to:
* Frank Saul (basketball) (1924–2019), American National Basketball Association player
* Frank Saul (footballer) (born 1943), English former footballer
# Fanny Balbuk

Fanny Balbuk (1840–1907), also known as Yooreel, was a prominent Whadjuk woman who lived in Perth, Western Australia during the early years of the Swan River Colony. She is remembered for her commitment to Aboriginal land rights, and for her hostile reactions to the buildings, fences, and homes erected as Perth increased in size and encroached on land that she still considered belonged to her people.

## Early life

Balbuk, who was sometimes recorded as Yooreel, was born on Matagarup (Heirisson Island) in the Swan River, near the causeway on Whadjuk country in 1840. Her father, Coondenung, was an accomplished hunter and her mother, Joojeebal (Doodyep), was known for her "cheeky" sense of humour. Balbuk was a descendant of Yellagonga, and her traditional land covers the area that has become the Perth central business district area. She would collect gilgies and vegetables from the swampy areas around what is now central Perth.

## Reaction to colonisation

Balbuk was well known among the British colonists who had grown up around her. At a young age she had travelled to places such as Northam, Moore River and Dandaragan, and she attended a friendship ceremony where she was given the name Yooreel at Moore River. She is remembered for her commitment to maintaining her people's land rights in Perth's Swan River Colony. Balbuk would walk the track between her birth site and the railway station, regardless of any new buildings or fences erected in her path as the colony grew. Daisy Bates wrote "one of her favourite annoyances was to stand at the gates of Government House, reviling all who dwelt within, in that the stone gates guarded by a sentry enclosed her grandmother's burial ground".
Noongar elder Noel Nannup tells a similar story: "That was her songline, her dreaming. She just kept going and didn’t take any notice of the new city going up. That’s a story of defiance and determination".

## Death

Balbuk died of heart failure at the Colonial Hospital, Perth on 20 March 1907.

## Legacy

She is remembered for her commitment to Aboriginal land rights, and for her hostile reactions to British colonialism as it impacted the traditional Noongar culture.
Balbuk passed on information to Bates about traditional Nyoongar lands around Perth, which proved significant in the 2006 native title claim, when the Federal Court of Australia found that Nyoongar people held Native Title rights over the Perth area. The decision was later overturned by the full Federal Court.
# Epimedium alpinum

Epimedium alpinum, the alpine barrenwort, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Epimedium, native to the mountains of Italy, Austria, the former Yugoslavia, and Albania, and introduced into central Europe. A dwarf perennial suitable for rock gardens, it was jocularly said by John Lindley to be "known only in the gardens of botanists". Its hybrid with E. grandiflorum, Epimedium × rubrum, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Psilocybe collybioides

Psilocybe collybioides is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was first described scientifically by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith in 1958, from collections made in montane habitat near Tafí del Valle, Argentina. It is in the section Zapotecorum of the genus Psilocybe, other members of this section include Psilocybe muliercula, Psilocybe angustipleurocystidiata, Psilocybe aucklandii, Psilocybe graveolens, Psilocybe kumaenorum, Psilocybe zapotecorum, Psilocybe pintonii, Psilocybe subcaerulipes, Psilocybe moseri, Psilocybe zapotecoantillarum, Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea, and Psilocybe antioquiensis.
# Altina, Belgrade

Altina (Serbian Cyrillic: Алтина) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. Located in Belgrade's municipality of Zemun, it is one of the newest and fastest growing parts of the city.

## Location

Altina is located just out of the north-western section of the Belgrade City urban proper (uža teritorija grada), 11 kilometers west of downtown Belgrade. It borders the neighborhoods of Galenika in the north, Zemun Bačka in the east, Vojni Put I and Plavi Horizonti in the south while to the west the neighborhood extends in the direction of Zemun Polje. The northern and eastern borders of Altina are marked by the sharp elbow turn of the road of Novosadski put, Dobanovački put marks the southern one, with Pazovački put and Ugrinovački put running through the middle of the neighborhood.

## History

Until the middle 1990s the area was virtually uninhabited with only a few storehouse facilities. With the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars in 1991, and especially after the 1995 Oluja operation, many refugees settled in this area, which resulted in the creation of several new settlements (Altina, Plavi Horizonti, Grmovac, Busije). Altina grew into a small town, with over 50 streets, adjoining Zemun's western urban area. The local community of Nova Galenika, which covers the neighborhoods of Galenika, Nova Galenika and Altina had a population of 12,533 in 2002, but as over 100,000 refugees gained Serbian citizenship after the 2002 census, newspapers and the municipality of Zemun gives an estimate of 18,000 to 20,000 inhabitants for the combined population of Altina and Plavi Horizonti (without Galenika).

## Characteristics

As a result of non-planned, accelerated growth Altina grew almost into a slum. After 2000, the urbanistic arrangement of the settlement began: the roads were paved, streets, which were enumerated (Altina 1, 2, 3, etc.), received names and the public transportation was extended to Altina (bus lines number 81 and 81L). However, many problems concerning basic communal infrastructure remain. Despite that, over 1,000 small family companies and shops operate in Altina. Also, the terrain is rich in underground waters, which flooded the settlement in 2005 and 2006.
The elementary school "Sava Šumanović" was opened in 2009. One of the largest in Belgrade, as of 2023 it had some 900 pupils.
Construction of the first park in the neighborhood was announced in May 2020. The 7,000 m$^2$ (75,000 sq ft) large park will be located in the northern part of Altina. Construction began in January 2021. It will include decorative and drinking fountains, a children's playground, sculptures and outdoor gym. It will be one of the largest parks in the city's outer neighborhoods.
# Étalans

Étalans is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2017, the former communes of Charbonnières-les-Sapins and Verrières-du-Grosbois were merged into Étalans.
# Conductance quantum

The conductance quantum, denoted by the symbol G$_0$, is the quantized unit of electrical conductance. It is defined by the elementary charge e and Planck constant h as:
    $G_{0}={\frac {2e^{2}}{h}}=4\alpha \epsilon _{0}c$ = 7.748091729...×10$^{−5}$ S.
It appears when measuring the conductance of a quantum point contact, and, more generally, is a key component of the Landauer formula, which relates the electrical conductance of a quantum conductor to its quantum properties. It is twice the reciprocal of the von Klitzing constant (2/R$_K$).
Note that the conductance quantum does not mean that the conductance of any system must be an integer multiple of G$_0$. Instead, it describes the conductance of two quantum channels (one channel for spin up and one channel for spin down) if the probability for transmitting an electron that enters the channel is unity, i.e. if transport through the channel is ballistic. If the transmission probability is less than unity, then the conductance of the channel is less than G$_0$. The total conductance of a system is equal to the sum of the conductances of all the parallel quantum channels that make up the system.

## Derivation

In a 1D wire, connecting two reservoirs of potential $u_{1}$ and $u_{2}$ adiabatically:
The density of states is ${\frac {\mathrm {d} n}{\mathrm {d} \epsilon }}={\frac {2}{hv}},$ where the factor 2 comes from electron spin degeneracy, $h$ is the Planck constant, and $v$ is the electron velocity.
The voltage is: $V=-{\frac {(\mu _{1}-\mu _{2})}{e}},$ where $e$ is the electron charge.
The 1D current going across is the current density: $j=-ev(\mu _{1}-\mu _{2}){\frac {\mathrm {d} n}{\mathrm {d} \epsilon }}.$
This results in a quantized conductance: $G_{0}={\frac {I}{V}}={\frac {j}{V}}={\frac {2e^{2}}{h}}.$

## Occurrence

Quantized conductance occurs in wires that are ballistic conductors, when the elastic mean free path is much larger than the length of the wire: $l_{\rm {el}}\gg L$. B. J. van Wees et al. first observed the effect in a point contact in 1988. Carbon nanotubes have quantized conductance independent of diameter. The quantum hall effect can be used to precisely measure the conductance quantum value. It also occurs in electrochemistry reactions and in association with the quantum capacitance defines the rate with which electrons are transferred between quantum chemical states as described by the quantum rate theory.
# Gordon Arthur

Gordon Arthur may refer to:
* Gordon Arthur (footballer) (born 1958), Scottish former footballer
* Gordon Arthur (bishop) (1909–1992), Anglican bishop in Australia
# Pyrococcus horikoshii

Pyrococcus horikoshii is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic archaeon, first isolated from hydrothermal fluid samples obtained at the Okinawa Trough vents at a depth of 1,395 metres (4,577 ft). It is obligately heterotrophic, cells are irregular cocci with a tuft of flagella, growing optimally at 98 °C, sulphur greatly enhancing its growth.
# Orthaga umbrimargo

Orthaga umbrimargo is a species of snout moth, family Pyralidae. It was described by Joseph de Joannis in 1927. It is found in Mozambique.
# Epimedium acuminatum

Epimedium acuminatum, called the acuminate barrenwort, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Epimedium, native to south-central and southeast China. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.