OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ioan Mircea Pașcu

Ioan Mircea Pașcu (born 17 February 1949) is a Romanian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Romania. He previously served Minister of Defense from 2000 to 2004. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party (PDSR/PSD), part of the Party of European Socialists.

## Positions in the European Parliament

* Vice-chair of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
* Vice-chair of the delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary Assembly
* Member of the Subcommittee on Security and Defence
* Member of the delegation for relations with Japan
* Substitute member of the Committee on Transport and Tourism
* Substitute member of the delegation for relations with the United States

## Curriculum vitae

Academic career
* 1971 Diploma in Foreign Trade Faculty of Foreign Trade, Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest
* 1980, Doctorate in Political Sciences, Institute of Political Sciences Bucharest
* 1971−1986, Researcher, Department of International Relations Institute of Political Sciences, Department of International Relations Bucharest
* 1973, Researcher, Salzburg Seminar for American Studies
* 1979−1981, Fellow, Ford Foundation grant
* 1985, Invited Associate Professor, St. Catherine's College, Oxford
* 1986−1988, Lecturer in International Relations Academy of Political and Social Sciences Bucharest
* 1988−1989, Resident researcher Institute for East-West Security Studies New York
* 1992−1993, Grant, Japan Foundation, Centre for Slavic Studies, University of Hokkaido (Sapporo) and foreign researcher, Japanese Forum for International Relations
* 1990−1996, Dean of the Faculty of International Relations National School of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest
* 1990−present, Professor of International Relations National School of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest
Political career
* 31/12/1989−01/07/1990, Member of the Committee on Foreign Policy, Council of the National Salvation Front Council of the National Salvation Front
* 09/02/1990−15/05/1990, Member of the Provisional National Unity Council Provisional National Unity Council
* 01/07/1990–01/10/1992, Presidential counsellor, Head of the Foreign Policy Directorate, Department of Political Analysis, Romanian Presidential Administration
* 1990−1992, Vice-president of the National Salvation Front
* 1996−2000, Member of the Romanian Parliament for Maramures Chair of the Committee on Defence Chamber of Deputies, Romanian Parliament
* 22/03/1993 − 22/11/1996, State Secretary for Defence Policy and International Relations Ministry of National Defence
* 1997−2006, Vice-president of the Social Democratic Party
* 2000−2007, Member of the Romanian Parliament for Satu Mare Chamber of Deputies, Romanian Parliament
* 2000−2004, Minister of National Defence Ministry of National Defence
* 01/01/2007−01/07/2019, Member of the European Parliament
# Cosmopterix thelxinoe

Cosmopterix thelxinoe is a moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is known from Brazil (Federal District) and the United States (North Carolina).
Adults have been recorded in March and April.

## Description

Male, female. Forewing length 3.5 mm. Head: frons shining greyish white with greenish and reddish reflections, vertex and neck tufts dark brown with reddish gloss, laterally and medially lined white, collar dark brown; labial palpus first segment very short, white, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, brown with white longitudinal lines laterally and ventrally, third segment white, lined brown laterally; scape dorsally dark brown with a white anterior line, white ventrally, antenna shining dark brown, a white line from base to one-sixth, changing into an interrupted line to beyond one-half, followed towards apex by a white-lined section of approximately five segments, five dark brown, four white, two dark brown, two white, ten dark brown and seven white segments at apex. Thorax and tegulae dark brown with reddish gloss, thorax with a white median line, tegulae lined white inwardly. Legs: greyish brown with reddish gloss, femora of midleg and hindleg shining pale greyish ochreous, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments one to three and five, tibia of midleg with white oblique basal and medial lines and a white apical ring, tarsal segments one, two and four with white apical rings, segment five entirely white, tibia of hindleg as midleg but with an additional broad greyish white subapical ring, tarsal segments one to three with white apical rings, segments four and five entirely white, spurs whitish, inner spurs greyish at base. Forewing dark brown with reddish gloss, four white lines in the basal area, a subcostal from base to one-quarter, slightly bending from costa distally, a short and straight medial above fold from one-fifth to one-third, a similar subdorsal below fold, slightly further from base than the medial, an indistinct dorsal from beyond base to one-fifth, a broad yellow transverse fascia beyond the middle with a small apical protrusion, bordered at the inner edge by two united pale golden metallic tubercular spots, forming a fascia not reaching the costa, edged by a small patch of blackish brown scales subcostally on the outside, bordered at the outer edge by two similarly coloured costal and dorsal spots, the dorsal spot three times as large as the costal and slightly more towards base, both spots inwardly lined dark brown, a white costal streak from the outer costal spot, a shining white apical line from beyond the apical protrusion, cilia dark brown around apex, paler towards dorsum. Hindwing shining dark brownish grey, cilia brown. Underside: forewing shining greyish brown, the white costal streak indistinctly and the white apical line in the cilia at apex distinctly visible, hindwing shining brownish grey. Abdomen dorsally yellowish brown, segments banded greyish brown posteriorly, ventrally shining yellowish white, anal tuft yellowish white.

## Etymology

The species is named after Thelxinoe, a moon of Jupiter. To be treated as a noun in apposition.
# Ellen Douglas

Ellen Douglas was the pen name of Josephine Ayres Haxton (July 12, 1921 – November 7, 2012), an American author. Her 1973 novel Apostles of Light was a National Book Award nominee.

## Biography

Douglas was born in Natchez, Mississippi, and grew up in Hope, Arkansas, and Alexandria, Louisiana. She graduated from the University of Mississippi in 1942 and later settled in Greenville, Mississippi with her husband Kenneth Haxton. She had three sons with Haxton: Richard, Ayres, and Brooks Haxton, the latter a notable, award-winning poet and writer.
Douglas taught writing at Ole' Miss, where she was writer-in-residence from 1979 to 1983. One of her creative writing students was Larry Brown, a local Oxford firefighter who went on to publish many acclaimed works of fiction.
She adopted the pen name Ellen Douglas before the publication of A Family’s Affairs to protect the privacy of two aunts, on whose lives she had based much of the plot.
Douglas died of heart failure at the age of 91 on November 7, 2012.
Margalit Fox writes that Douglas's work "explored the epochal divide between the Old South and the New, examining vast, difficult subjects — race relations, tensions between the sexes, the conflict between the needs of the individual and those of the community — through the small, clear prism of domestic life."

## Selected bibliography
### Novels and stories

* A Family's Affairs (1961)
* Black Cloud, White Cloud: Two Novellas and Two Stories (1963)
* "On the Lake", in Prize Stories 1963 (1963)
* Where The Dreams Cross (1968)
* Apostles of Light (Houghton Mifflin 1973)
* The Rock Cried Out (1979)
* A Lifetime Burning (Random House 1982)
* A Long Night (1986)
* The Magic Carpet and Other Tales (1987)
* Can't Quit You, Baby (Scribners 1988)

### Nonfiction

* Truth: Four Stories I Am Finally Old Enough to Tell (Algonquin Books 1998) ISBN 978-1-565-12214-7
* Witnessing (University Press of Mississippi 2004) ISBN 978-1-578-06670-4

## Awards and recognition

* "On the Lake", one of Douglas's short stories, was included in the O. Henry collection in 1961.
* A Family's Affairs was awarded the Houghton Mifflin fellowship in 1961 and was recognized as one of the five best novels of the year by The New York Times.
* Black Cloud, White Cloud was named one of the five best works of fiction by The New York Times in 1963.
* Apostles of Light was nominated in 1973 for the National Book Award by the National Book Committee.
* Awarded a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship in 1976
* Twice a recipient of a Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Award for literature in 1979 and 1983.
* Recognized as the first recipient of the Hillsdale Prize for Fiction from the Fellowship of Southern Writers
# Michael Starr

Michael Starr may refer to:
* Michael Starr (politician) (1910–2000), Canadian politician
* Mike Starr (actor) (born 1950), American actor
* Mike Starr (musician) (1966–2011), American bassist
* Michael Starr (singer) (born 1965), American singer
# Ewo District

Ewo is a district in the Cuvette-Ouest Region of western Republic of the Congo. The capital lies at Ewo.
# Michael Mirov

Archbishop Michael Mirov (1859 in Topuzlare, Ottoman Empire – 17 August 1923 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire) was a Bishop in the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church.
He was born into the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the today Bulgarian village of Zornitsa, Burgas Province, then Topuzlare in the Ottoman Empire. More after Michael Mirov converted to Catholicism and graduated from Assumptionist high school in Edirne. Mirov studied theology and philosophy at the Major Seminary in Constantinople. On 6 January 1883 he was ordained a priest by Bishop Michael Petkov and was appointed to his native village. He opened a school for children and evening classes for adults. In 1888 began the construction of the new church, which was consecrated on 8 September 1891. In 1900 the Church of the Blessed Virgin added a 24-meter tower. Later, Father Mirov built the Church of the Holy Family in the Dovrukli village. In 1907 was elevated to the rank of archbishop.
On 25 March 1911 future Exarch of the Russian Greek Catholic Church Leonid Feodorov received ordination as a Byzantine Rite priest by the hands of Metropolitan Michael Mirov in Constantinople.
Died on 17 August 1923.
# Michael Mitchell (politician)

Sir Michael Mitchell (died 1699) was an Anglo-Irish politician.
Mitchell was Sheriff of Dublin City in 1683. Between 1691 and 1693 he was Lord Mayor of Dublin, the first Protestant to be appointed to the role after the collapse of James II of England's Jacobite regime in Ireland. In 1692 he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Dublin City, serving until 1693.
# Evaporator (disambiguation)

An evaporator is a device which turns the liquid form of a substance into its gaseous or vapour form. This is a widely used process and there are many applications for it.
Fundamental chemical production processes:
* Vacuum evaporation
* Flash evaporation
* Multi-effect distillation
Mechanisms for performing evaporation:
* Rotary evaporator, a vacuum evaporator, typically used in chemistry laboratories
* Centrifugal evaporator
* Circulation evaporator
* Rising film evaporator
* Falling film evaporator
* Climbing and falling film plate evaporator
* Multiple-effect evaporator
* Vapor-compression evaporation
Air conditioning:
* Evaporative cooler, simple unpowered cooling
* Evaporative cooling chambers, an application thereof
* Spray pond, large scale external cooling
Refrigeration:
* Vapor-compression refrigeration, the common motor-driven form of refrigerator, where the evaporator forms the 'cold plate' within the refrigerator
* Absorption refrigerator, a refrigerator powered by a heat source, also with an evaporator as the cold plate
Production of potable drinking water and boiler feedwater at sea or on arid coasts:
* Evaporator (marine)
* Chaplin's patent distilling apparatus
* Vapor-compression desalination
* Multi-stage flash distillation
# Experimental system

In scientific research, an experimental system is the physical, technical and procedural basis for an experiment or series of experiments. Historian of science Hans-Jörg Rheinberger defines an experimental system as: "A basic unit of experimental activity combining local, technical, instrumental, institutional, social, and epistemic aspects." Scientists (particularly laboratory biologists) and historians and philosophers of biology have pointed to the development and spread of successful experimental systems, such as those based on popular model organism or scientific apparatus, as key elements in the history of science, particularly since the early 20th century. The choice of an appropriate experimental system is often seen as critical for a scientist's long-term success, as experimental systems can be very productive for some kinds of questions and less productive for others, acquiring a sort of momentum that takes research in unpredicted directions.
A successful experimental system must be stable and reproducible enough for scientists to make sense of the system's behavior, but variable and unpredictable enough that it can produce useful results. In many cases, a well-understood experimental system can be "black-boxed" as a standard technique, which can then be a component of other experimental systems. Rheinberger divides experimental systems into two parts: the part under investigation ("epistemic things") and the well-understood part that provides a stable context for experimentation ("technical objects").
The development of experimental systems in biology often requires the "domestication" of a particular organism for the laboratory environment, including the creation of relatively homogeneous lines or strains and the tailoring of conditions to highlight the variable aspects that scientists are interested in. Scientific technologies, similarly, often require the development of a full experimental system to go from a viable concept to a technique that works in practice on a usefully consistent basis. For example, the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is generally attributed to Kary Mullis, who came up with the concept in 1983, but the process of development of PCR into the revolutionary technology it became by the early 1990s took years of work by others at Cetus Corporation—and the basic components of the system had been known since the 1960s DNA synthesis work of Har Gobind Khorana—making "who invented PCR?" a complicated question.
# Exploration (disambiguation)

Exploration is the process of discovery.
Exploration or explorations may also refer to:

## Music

* Exploration (album), by Grachan Moncur III, 2004, and its title track
* Explorations (Bill Evans album), 1961
* Explorations (Louis Bellson album), 1964
* Exo Planet #5 – Exploration, a 2019 tour by Exo
** Exo Planet #5 – Exploration (album), 2020, and its title song

## Television

* "Exploration", an episode of QI, 2007
* Explorations (TV series), a documentary 2003–2004

## Other uses

* Exploration (video game), 1994
* Explorations Volume 2: Survival, Growth & Re-birth, 1961 spoken-word album by Gerald Heard
# Expansion valve

An expansion valve is a valve used for different purposes:

## Steam engines

A valve used to control the expansion of steam:
* Expansion valve (steam engine)
** The best-known of these was the Meyer expansion valve, the invention of Jean-Jacques Meyer

## Thermodynamics

A valve used to expand a gas, for thermodynamic cooling purposes in either:
* Joule-Thomson cooler
* heat pump
Also
* Thermal expansion valve, a component in refrigeration and air conditioning systems
# Micrasta

Micrasta is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
* Micrasta alvarengai Cobos, 1959
* Micrasta amplithorax Kerremans, 1893
* Micrasta bucki Cobos, 1961
* Micrasta creola Obenberger, 1936
* Micrasta cubensis Fisher, 1930
* Micrasta cyanipennis Kerremans, 1893
* Micrasta fisheri Théry, 1927
* Micrasta gyleki Obenberger, 1917
* Micrasta hispaniolae Fisher, 1940
* Micrasta meligethoides Kerremans, 1893
* Micrasta minuta Kerremans, 1896
* Micrasta monticola Fisher, 1940
* Micrasta negrei Cobos, 1961
* Micrasta oakleyi Fisher, 1935
* Micrasta ornata Fisher, 1935
* Micrasta parallela Kerremans, 1896
* Micrasta peruviana Fisher, 1949
* Micrasta puertoricensis Fisher, 1940
* Micrasta pygmaeola Obenberger, 1917
* Micrasta strandi Obenberger, 1936
* Micrasta subcylindrica Fisher, 1940
* Micrasta typica Kerremans, 1893
* Micrasta uniformis (Waterhouse, 1896)
* Micrasta viridis Kerremans, 1896
# Micraspis lineola

Micraspis lineola is a species of ladybird. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775.
# Evilenko

Evilenko is a 2004 English-language Italian crime horror thriller film very loosely based on the Soviet serial killer Andrei Chikatilo. Written and directed by David Grieco, the film stars Malcolm McDowell, Marton Csokas, and Ronald Pickup.

## Plot

In 1984, in Kyiv, schoolteacher Andrej Romanovich Evilenko is dismissed from his position after attempting to rape a pupil. Driven by his psychopathic urges and embittered by the collapse of the Soviet Union, Evilenko begins to rape, kill, and cannibalise women and children. It is hinted throughout the movie that Evilenko somehow gained the power to hypnotise his victims, which accounts for their lack of resistance and his continuous evasion of the authorities.
Vadim Timurouvic Lesiev, a magistrate and family man, is assigned to catch the serial killer. For years, Evilenko eludes Lesiev and psychiatrist Aron Richter, who is assigned to profile the killer. Richter eventually finds Evilenko with a little girl and manages to break Evilenko's hypnotic hold on her, but is killed by Evilenko in retaliation; although it appears to Evilenko that she is run over by a train, the girl escapes alive.
Almost two years later, Lesiev finally captures Evilenko, who by now has killed 55 people, mostly children and young women. On 22 May 1992, Evilenko goes to court, and on 14 February 1994, he is finally executed. Before his execution, two governments expressed interest in Evilenko's psychic abilities and asked for extradition of Evilenko but were denied.

## Cast

* Malcolm McDowell as Andrei Romanovich Evilenko
* Marton Csokas as Vadim Timurovich Lesiev
* Ronald Pickup as Aron Richter
* Frances Barber as Fenya Evilenka
* John Benfield as Oleg Chivadze
* Alexei Chadyuk as Captain Ramensky
* Ostap Stupka as Doctor Amitrin
* Vernon Dobtcheff as Bagdasarov
* Adrian McCourt as Surinov
* Ruby Kammer as Tonya

## Production

The story is a fictionalization of the life and crimes of serial killer Andrei Chikatilo. Large segments of the film were adapted from Grieco's novel entitled The Communist Who Ate Children. The character is renamed Andrei Evilenko in reference to Chikatilo.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Angelo Badalamenti and features two tracks with Dolores O'Riordan, "Angels Go to Heaven" and "No Way Out". It has been released in 2004 on CD digipak by Italian music label Minus Habens Records.
# Evil twin (disambiguation)

An evil twin is an antagonist character in many fictional works.
Evil twin may also refer to:

## Film and TV

* Evil Twin (film), a 2007 South Korean horror film
* The Evil Twin, TV movie with Tomas Chovanec, Tanya Clarke
* Evil Twins (RuPaul's Drag Race)

## Games

* Evil Twin: Cyprien's Chronicles, a 2001 video game by Ubisoft and In Utero
* Evil Twins, two villains from the video game Crash Twinsanity

## Music

* Evil Twin (EP), a 1993 EP by Hammerhead, or its titletrack
* Evil Twin, a 2024 song by Lindsey Stirling from the album Duality
* "Evil Twin" (song), a 2019 song by Meghan Trainor
* "Evil Twin", a song by Eminem from the album The Marshall Mathers LP 2, 2013
* "Evil Twin", a song by Anthrax from the album For All Kings, 2016
* "Evil Twin", a song by Arctic Monkeys, a b-side to the single "Suck It and See", 2011
* Evil Twin, a nickname of the Fender Twin amplifier manufactured 1994-2001
* The Evil Twin, a nickname of the guitarist for Black Label Society Nick Catanese (born 1971)

## Other uses

* Evil twin (wireless networks), a method used to facilitate phishing
* Evil Twin Brewing, a gypsy brewery in Denmark
# Michael Whalen

Michael Whalen may refer to:
* Mike Whalen (born 1960), American athlete and coach
* Michael Whalen (composer) (born 1965), American composer
* Michael Whalen (actor) (1902–1974), American actor
# Extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle

Extensor digitorum brevis manus is an extra or accessory muscle on the backside (dorsum) of the hand. It was first described by Albinus in 1758. The muscles lies in the fourth extensor compartment of the wrist, and is relatively rare. It has a prevalence of 4% in the general population according to a meta-analysis. This muscle is commonly misdiagnosed as a ganglion cyst, synovial nodule or cyst.

## Structure

The extensor digitorum brevis manus usually originates from the dorsal aspect (backside) of the wrist, either from the joint capsule, the distal end (the most distant end) of the radius, the metacarpal, or from the radiocarpal ligament in the area of the fourth extensor compartment. Many variations of the muscle have been described in the literature. It could have up to four tendons with a single tendon inserting to the index or the middle finger being the two most common variations. At the insertion the tendon of the extensor digitorum brevis manus often joins the extensor indicis proprius, although it also occurs when the extensor indicis proprius is absent. It was also reported to coexist with the extensor medii proprius, another anatomical variation in the extensor compartment of the hand. The muscle is supplied the posterior interosseous nerve and posterior branch of the anterior interosseous artery.

### Variation

The extensor digitorum brevis manus was found to be present in 4% of the population, and there was no correlation between gender, side or ancestry. it inserted to the index finger and the middle finger in 77% and 23% of the cases, respectively. It occurred bilaterally in 26% the total cases.

### Development

At some point during the embryonic development, the precursor extensor mass differentiates into three layers: radial, superficial, and deep. The extensor digitorum brevis manus may have been originated from the deep layer, a typical location where most of the variations take place. Some authors believe that this muscle may represent a failure of proximal migration of ulnocarpal elements of the extensor muscle mass in humans.

## Functions

It extends the index or the middle finger. It is believed to be a substitute for the extension of the index finger when the extensor indicis proprius is absent.

## Clinical significance

Only a few clinical cases have been reported among more than 300 clinical and cadaveric dissections. This implies that the presence of this muscle is usually asymptomatic, although the extensor digitorum brevis manus might cause a painful swelling which can potentially be misdiagnosed as other pathology such as synovial cyst and lipoma.