OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gering Courier Building

The Gering Courier Building is a historic building in Gering, Nebraska. It was built in 1915 as the third headquarters of the Gering Courier, whose founding editor, Asa Wood, served as a member of the Nebraska Senate. He was followed by his son, Warren C. Wood, who served in World War II. The building was designed in the Classical Revival style, "with symmetrical pedimented entrances flanked by pilasters and a parapeted roofline with a large classical cornice." It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 15, 2004.
# GNU Portable Threads

GNU Pth (Portable Threads) is a POSIX/ANSI-C based user space thread library for UNIX platforms that provides priority-based scheduling for multithreading applications. GNU Pth targets for a high degree of portability. It is part of the GNU Project.
Pth also provides API emulation for POSIX threads for backward compatibility.
GNU Pth uses an N:1 mapping to kernel-space threads, i.e., the scheduling is done completely by the GNU Pth library and the kernel itself is not aware of the N threads in user-space. Because of this there is no possibility to utilize SMP as kernel dispatching would be necessary.
# Ropica uniformis

Ropica uniformis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1948.
# Guanghan Airport

Guanghan Airport (Chinese: 广汉机场) (IATA: GHN, ICAO: ZUGH) is an airport southeast of Guanghan, Sichuan, China. Formerly a military airfield known as Kwanghan Airfield (A-3) during World War II. It is now used by Civil Aviation Flight University of China for pilot training and has no commercial flights.

## History

During World War II, the airfield was the forward staging base for the 444th Bombardment Group, which carried out B-29 Superfortress raids on the Japanese Home Islands.
In 1943, The United States Army Air Force was given rights to use the airfield to stage bombing missions from India to attack Japan. It was one of four B-29 bases established by the Americans in China.
The USAAF 444th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) flew missions from the airfield beginning in mid-June 1944. The group had to transport its supplies of fuel, bombs, and spare parts from its base at Dudhkundi, India over "The Hump" (the name given by Allied pilots to the eastern end of the Himalayan Mountains), since Japanese control of the seas around the Chinese coast made seaborne supply of China impossible. The first mission was carried out on the night of June 14/15, 1944 against the Imperial Iron and Steel Works at Yawata on Kyushu. This plant was considered to be the most important single objective within Japan's steel industry, and had long held top priority for the first strike. It was the first time since the Doolittle raid of 1942 that American aircraft had bombed the Japanese home islands.
In addition to the bombers, the USAAF 81st Fighter Group used the airfield, flying P-40 Warhawk and P-47 Thunderbolt fighters as part of the Fourteenth Air Force "Flying Tigers". The 81st provided close air support for Chinese Army ground forces fighting the Japanese, as well as flying escort missions for the B-29s over the Japanese-occupied area of China. In January 1945 the B-29 bombers were moved back to India before transferring in April to the newly captured bases in the Mariana Islands. In February, the fighters were moved to a new airfield near Fungwansham. With the departure of the Americans, the much-improved airfield was then returned to Chinese authorities.
# Memetic Computing Society

The Memetic Computing Society is a society focusing on research in the area of memetic algorithms and evolutionary computation. The society is located in Singapore.

## Conferences

The Memetic Computing Society supports the following conferences.
* The IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT).
# George C. Mathews

George C. Mathews (February 22, 1886 – July 11, 1946) was an American economist who served as a member of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under Franklin Delano Roosevelt from 1934 to 1940.

## Biography

Mathews was born in Northwood, Iowa on February 22, 1886. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1908, and served on the faculties of the University of Wisconsin and Oregon State University. He later worked as a rate expert for the Wisconsin Railroad Commission, and was a professor of public utilities at Northwestern University.
A liberal Republican from Wisconsin, Mathews served on the Wisconsin Public Utilities Commission before being appointed by Roosevelt to the Federal Trade Commission on October 27, 1933.
Mathews also served as a vice president of the Northern States Power Company and the Middle West Utilities Company, and executive vice president of the Standard Gas and Electric Company. In 1934, Mathews was appointed as one of the original members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and he served until 1940.
He died in Chicago, Illinois on July 11, 1946.
# Cribrorioxa

Cribrorioxa is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.There only one species in this genus are:
# Giovanni Battista Pallavicino

Giovanni Battista Pallavicino (1480–1524) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

## Biography

Giovanni Battista Pallavicino was born in Genoa in 1480, the son of Cipriano Pallavicino and Bianca Gattilusi. He was the nephew of Cardinal Antonio Pallavicini Gentili.
His uncle directed his education. He received a doctorate in law from the University of Padua.
He became the dean of the cathedral chapter of Ourense Cathedral.
On November 22, 1507, he was elected Bishop of Cavaillon. He occupied this see until his death. In 1511, he became a scriptor of apostolic letters. He participated in the Fifth Council of the Lateran in 1512. In 1513, he became an abbreviator. On March 17, 1514, he became a canon of the cathedral chapter of Como Cathedral.
Pope Leo X made him a cardinal priest in the consistory of July 1, 1517. He received the red hat and the titular church of Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine on July 6, 1517.
He participated in both the papal conclave of 1521-22 that elected Pope Adrian VI, and in the papal conclave of 1523 that elected Pope Clement VII.
He died in Rome on August 13, 1524. He was buried in Santa Maria del Popolo.
# Carteroniella

Carteroniella is a monotypic genus of African sac spiders containing the single species, Carteroniella macroclava. It was first described by Embrik Strand in 1907, and has only been found in South Africa. As of 2023, the genus is considered a nomen dubium by the World Spider Catalog.
# Bongiovanni Vaccaro

Bongiovanni Vaccaro (19th century) was an Italian sculptor and ceramist.
He was born and resident in Caltagirone, Sicily. he was known for his ornamental bas-reliefs, specially on urns and for his allegorical busts. He also made five busts in terra cotta depicting: Europe; Asia; Africa; America, and Oceania. His terracotta nativity scene (presepe) composed of a few dozen figures, often painted, was displayed in 2012 at the Museo Regionale di Ceramica at Caltagirone. Another presepe is on display in Santa Maria de Betlem, Modica.
# Ropica tsushimensis

Ropica tsushimensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hayashi in 1972.
# Guide to Nordic Bibliography

The Guide to Nordic Bibliography is a major English-language guide to the literature of the Nordic countries published by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 1984. Two supplements were issued, extending its range up to 1990.
The bibliography was a collaboration between five Nordic library schools which aimed to present the national bibliographies and essential subject bibliographies of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, to an international audience. The general editor was Erland Munch-Petersen of the University of Gothenburg and the work was modelled on A guide to Danish Bibliography, compiled by Munch-Petersen and published by the Royal School of Librarianship, Copenhagen, in 1965.

## Volumes

* Guide to Nordic Bibliography. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 1984. ISBN 978-87-7303-080-6
* Guide to Nordic Bibliography. Supplement 1, 1983-1986. Bibliotekscentralens Forlag, Copenhagen, 1988. ISBN 9788755215481
* Guide to Nordic Bibliography. Supplement 2, 1987-1990. Bibliotekscentralens Forlag, Copenhagen, 1992. ISBN 9788755219724
# Yb, Russia

61°16′21″N 50°34′49″E﻿ / ﻿61.27250°N 50.58028°E﻿ / 61.27250; 50.58028
Yb (Russian: Ыб, IPA:) is a rural locality (a selo) in the Komi Republic, in western Russia. It has a population of 550. It lies at an altitude of 99 m (325 ft). It lies next to the Sysola River and it lies between 30 km (19 mi) and 40 km (25 mi) south-southwest from the regional capital of Syktyvkar.
# Postl

Postl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl Postl (1793–1864), Austrian-American writer and journalist, more commonly known by pen name, Charles Sealsfield
* Dylan Postl (born 1986), American wrestler more commonly known by ring name, Hornswoggle
* Kurt Postl (born 1937), Austrian cyclist
# Carters, Georgia

Carters, formerly known as Carter's Quarter, is an unincorporated community in Murray County, Georgia, United States. Nearby Carters Lake, impounded by Carters Dam, takes its name from the community.

## History

The community was named after Farish Carter, who in 1833 had bought 15,000 acres of land, with the largest unit located in Murray County. In his youth, Carter had run away from home, made himself a substantial fortune, and was engaged in managing his numerous enterprises involving farms, steamboats, banks, ferries, factories, mills, and marble quarries, spread across the Southeastern United States and into the Midwest. He owned property in Murray County that he used as a summer home, in what was then known as Carter's Quarter. His farm grew wheat, rye, oats, corn, tobacco, peas, beans, potatoes, rice, and cotton, with the labor of his hundreds of slaves. On the 1850 census, Carter reported that he owned 403 slaves. Later that year he turned the family plantation over to his son James Carter, who was the first of the Carter family to live in Murray County all-year-round. The plantation continued to sustain the family, and the 1860 census indicates that 355 slaves remained on the property.
The Carters post office was discontinued in 1976.
# Boopis razorbelly minnow

The boopis razorbelly minnow (Salmostoma boopis) is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Salmostoma. It is widespread throughout the Western Ghats of India
# Action Jazz

Action Jazz is an album by The Thing, the trio of saxophonist Mats Gustafsson, bassist Ingebrigt Håker Flaten and drummer Paal Nilssen-Love. It was recorded in December 2005 and released the following year by Smalltown Superjazz.

## Recording and music

The album was recorded on 19 and 20 December 2005 at Atlantis Studios in Stockholm. "Ride the Sky" by Lightning Bolt "begins as an act of riff worship, the trio united in devotion to that primordial stomp, before Gustafsson breaks loose, howling pterodactyls fleeing the arcs of hot lava sputtering from his horn." "The Nut/The Light", by Gustafsson's daughter, Alva Melin, are "free-blues" and were recorded earlier by Gustafsson on his solo album Catapult.

## Releases

Action Jazz was released on 1 June 2006 by Smalltown Superjazz.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
Stewart Smith of The Quietus described Action Jazz as "More accessible than subsequent releases, [...it] finds a balance between the stoopid-fun [sic] of their garage material, the swing of their [Don] Cherry inspired free-bop, and the open-form weirdness to come."
Writing for All About Jazz, Eyal Hareuveni stated that on Action Jazz, The Thing "deliver one of their heaviest performances," and called the album "another testimony to the success of this group's risk-taking and barrier-shattering attitude."
In a review for Rockfeedback Magazine, Thomas Hannan commented: "It might be because they're so adept at it, it might be because they're playing skewed rock songs, it's probably got something to do with the unrelenting pace and wide eyed wonder at sound itself that The Thing seem to possess and display within every track, but Action Jazz is one heck of a lot of fun."

## Track listing

* "Sounds like a Sandwich" (Cato Salsa) – 02:04
* "Chiasma" (Yosuke Yamashita) – 04:58
* "Broken Shadows" (Ornette Coleman) – 02:28
* "Ride the Sky" (Lightning Bolt) – 02:13
* "Better Living..." (Mats Gustafsson, Ingebrigt Håker Flaten, Paal Nilssen-Love) – 07:25
* "Danny's Dream" (Lars Gullin) – 07:33
* "The Nut/The Light" (Alva Melin) – 06:38
* "...Through BBQ" (Gustafsson, Flaten, Nilssen-Love) – 09:10
* "Strayhorn" (Gustafsson) – 07:03

## Personnel

* Mats Gustafsson – baritone sax, alto sax, slide sax
* Ingebrigt Håker Flaten – double bass
* Paal Nilssen-Love – drums
# Episode 1999: Live

Episode 1999: Live is a live album by American rock band Loaded, released in May 1999. Recorded during two shows in Los Angeles, California, it is the only album to be released by this incarnation of the band. Initially a backing band for bassist/vocalist Duff McKagan's solo and Guns N' Roses material, they later formed as their own band.
The album featured songs from McKagan's unreleased solo album Beautiful Disease; "Shinin' Down", "Seattle Head", "Superman", "Missing You", "Then and Now" and "Mezz", as well as new material and a cover of The Stooges "Raw Power".
"Seattle Head", "Then and Now" and "Superman" were later re-recorded for Loaded's debut album Dark Days, released in 2001.

## Background

After moving back to Seattle in 1998, former Guns N' Roses bassist Duff McKagan recorded his second album, titled Beautiful Disease, which was to be released through Geffen in 1999 and formed Loaded to be his band for the tour supporting the album. With McKagan performing lead vocals and bass duties, Loaded's line-up consisted of guitarists Dez Cadena and Michael Barragan as well as drummer Taz Bentley.
McKagan began promoting the album, however, following the merger between Geffen and Interscope Records, he was dropped from the label and lost all commercial rights to release the record.

## Recording and Release

Loaded continued to tour and recorded two of their live shows in Los Angeles, California, the first at Al's Bar on March 17 and the second at The Opium Den on March 27. Both shows were recorded and mixed by Nick Raskulinecz. "Sycophant" and "Raw Power" were recorded during the March 17 show with the rest from the March 27 show.
They released the live album independently, which included a number of songs from the unreleased Beautiful Disease as well as new material, in May 1999 while Cargo Records distributed the album in Europe.
The album was re-released in 2008 by Pimp Records on both CD and digital download formats.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Loaded, except "Raw Power" by Iggy Pop and James Williamson

## Personnel
### Loaded

* Duff McKagan – vocals, bass guitar
* Michael Barragan – guitar
* Dez Cadena – guitar
* Taz Bentley – drums

### Additional personnel

* Nick Raskulinecz – recording, mixing
# Mental Health Act 1959

The Mental Health Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz. 2. c. 72) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning England and Wales which had, as its main objectives, to abolish the distinction between psychiatric hospitals and other types of hospitals and to deinstituitionalise mental health patients and see them treated more by community care.
It also defined the term mental disorder for the first time: "mental illness as distinct from learning disability. The definition was “mental illness; arrest or incomplete development of mind; psychopathic disorder; and any other disorder or disability of mind”.
At the time, 0.4% of the population of England were housed in asylums, receiving the standard treatments of the time. Their treatment was considered by the 1957 Percy Commission and the act resulted from its deliberations. The act was designed to make:
* treatment voluntary and informal;
* and where compulsory give it a proper legal framework and made as a medical decision;
* and to move treatment, where possible, away from institutional care to that in the community.
The Act repealed the Lunacy and Mental Treatment Acts 1890 to 1930 and the Mental Deficiency Acts 1913 to 1938.
One of the changes introduced by the Act was the abolishment of the category of "moral imbecile". The category, which had been introduced in the 1913 Act, had been defined in such vague terms that it had allowed mothers of illegitimate children, especially in case of repeated births out of wedlock, to be regarded as "moral imbeciles" and thus to be placed in an institution for defectives or to be placed under guardianship.
The 1959 version was repealed after the Mental Health Act 1983 was approved.
# Blériot-SPAD S.58

The Blériot-SPAD S.58 was a French racing aircraft developed in the early 1920s.

## Design and development

The S.58 was derived from the S.41 and was a single-seat racer biplane which was made from wood and canvas. Although the S.58 was built for the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe of 1922, the pilot, Jean Casale, quickly gave up following the failure of one of the S.58's radiators.

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 6 m (19 ft 8 in)
* Height: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 26.4 m$^2$ (284 sq ft)
* Gross weight: 1,250 kg (2,756 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lorraine 12E W-12 water-cooled piston engine, 340 kW (450 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn)
# Yb

YB or Yb may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* YB (band), a South Korean rock band (short for Yoon Do Hyun Band)
* YoungBoy Never Broke Again (born 1999), American rapper
* Young Buck (born 1981), rapper

## Businesses and organizations

* Youngstown Belt Railroad, a part of the Ohio Central Railroad System
* Ypatingasis būrys, a Nazi killing squad primarily composed of Lithuanian volunteers
* BSC Young Boys, a Swiss football club

## Computing

* Yottabit (Yb), a unit of information used, for example, to quantify computer memory or storage capacity
* Yottabyte (YB), a unit of information used, for example, to quantify computer memory or storage capacity

## Other uses

* Yb, Russia
* Yang Berhormat, Malay for The Honorable, styled before Members of Parliament
* Ytterbium, symbol Yb, a chemical element
# Giovanella (disambiguation)

Giovanella may refer to:

## Zoology

* Giovanella, a genus of flies from South America

## Person

* Everton Giovanella, Brazilian footballer
* Mattia Giovanella (born 1997), Italian curler
# Reiko Sakamoto

Reiko Sakamoto may refer to:
* Reiko Sakamoto (table tennis)
* Reiko Sakamoto (mathematician)
# Edu Alonso

Eduardo 'Edu' Alonso Álvarez (born 30 May 1974) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a right midfielder.
He spent the better part of his career with Alavés after starting out at Athletic Bilbao, playing 180 competitive matches for the former club. Overall, he made more than 200 appearances in both La Liga and Segunda División.

## Club career

Born in Bilbao, Basque Country, Alonso was formed at Athletic Bilbao. He spent four full seasons in the Segunda División with their B team, making his debut at the age of 18 in a 4–0 home win against SD Eibar where he came on as a second-half substitute.
Alonso was loaned to precisely Eibar for the 1996–97 campaign, being recalled by his parent club shortly after. He first appeared in La Liga on 17 November 1996, starting in a 4–2 away victory over Sporting de Gijón.
After two years at UD Salamanca also in the top tier – where he notably scored a goal for the hosts in a 2–1 home defeat of Athletic and another in a 1–1 draw with FC Barcelona at the Camp Nou the previous weekend– Alonso returned to San Mamés. He played 26 games in all competitions during the season, under manager Luis Fernández.
Following his release, Alonso represented fellow top-flight sides UD Las Palmas and Deportivo Alavés, signing for the latter as a free agent after leaving the Canary Islands due to unpaid wages. He made his debut in the UEFA Cup on 31 October 2002 in a 1–1 home draw against Beşiktaş J.K. in the second round, going on to be relegated twice during his spell.
In September 2008, after recurring injury problems, the 34-year-old Alonso parted ways with Alavés by mutual consent and announced his retirement.

## International career

Alonso earned two caps for the Spain under-21s. Additionally, he represented the Basque Country regional team.
# Pogorzele

Pogorzele may refer to the following places:
* Pogorzele, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Pogorzele, Lębork County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Pogorzele, Sztum County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Chris Mullin (disambiguation)

Chris Mullin is an American former professional basketball player.
Chris Mullin may also refer to:
# Eoghan Cross

Eoghan Cross is an Irish rugby referee. He is a member of Ireland's referee High Performance Panel.

## Career

Cross, born in Limerick, has been refereeing since 2016, being named Munster Rugby Referee of the year in 2020. He made his debut refereeing in the United Rugby Championship in Round 18 of the 2021–22 United Rugby Championship, officiating the fixture between Benetton and Cardiff. He had previously officiated matches during the 2022 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
# Esarhaddon, King of Assyria

"Esarhaddon, King of Assyria" ("Ассирийский царь Асархадон") is a short story by Leo Tolstoy written in 1903. Tolstoy wrote it as part of an anthology dedicated to the victims of the Kishinev pogrom in Russia, with all of the proceeds going to a relief fund. It is the story of a king who oppresses his subjects.

## Plot

According to book reviewers in 1903, the story is about the king Esarhaddon, who abuses his subjects and beheads the warriors of his enemies. Then a prophet visits him, and is able to force him to live through the entire life of one of the subjects that the king has oppressed. Certainly inspired by the biblical Esarhaddon, this story diverts from that one, in which Esarhaddon is contemplating how to kill Lailie, the rival king he has just captured, when the prophet interrupts him, and miraculously tells Esarhaddon what he was thinking. According to the Francis Gribble, literary critic writing for Fortnightly Review, this work was in the same theme as many others of Tolstoy, in which he believed that "all men are brothers because all men are manifestations of the divine."

## Kishinev Pogrom

It was translated to English in 1903 or 1904 by Louise Maude and Aylmer Maude, and the proceeds of this edition went to the Kishinev Relief Fund, a charity to support those who suffered during the Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev, Bessarabia (modern day Chişinǎu, Moldova), where an estimated 120 were killed and 500 wounded. All of the publisher's and the writer's profits went to this fund.
In 1903, Tolstoy received a letter from Sholem Aleichem, who detailed the atrocities of the pogroms in Russia and requested Tolstoy's help in making an anthology to benefit the victims. Tolstoy responded with numerous letters, contributing three new stories to the final anthology. Tolstoy was clearly inspired by these events, as the story of Esarhaddon begins with a king who "had conquered the kingdom of King Lailie, [and] had destroyed and burnt the towns..." Sholem Aleichem would afterwards write the material that formed the basis of Fiddler on the Roof.

## Reception

The St. Louis Globe-Democrat said in 1905 that this story "shows the Russian writer at his very best."
# Crete earthquake

Crete earthquake may refer to:
* 365 Crete earthquake
* 1303 Crete earthquake
* 1630 Crete earthquake
* 1810 Crete earthquake
* 2021 Crete earthquake (disambiguation)