OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Euapta lappa

Euapta lappa, the beaded sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumbers in the family Synaptidae in the phylum Echinodermata. It is found on coral reefs in the Caribbean region.

## Description

In appearance, the beaded sea cucumber resembles a long worm rather than a sea cucumber. It can reach up to a metre (yard) in length and has a diameter of up to 4 cm (1.6 in). It lengthens and shortens repeatedly and when disturbed, the normally flaccid body retracts vigorously to a fraction of its original length. It has no internal respiratory tree, nor does it have tube feet, and the body surface is covered by rounded ridges. The skeletal structure consists of many tiny calcareous plates embedded in the cuticle. Little hooks project from these ossicles and make the body feel sticky to the touch. At the anterior (front) of the animal there is a ring of fifteen branched feeding tentacles. The body colour is pale brown or grey, often with white flecks or darker, longitudinal streaks and transverse banding.

## Distribution and habitat

The beaded sea cucumber is found in the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas, Jamaica, Cuba, the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama and the Lesser Antilles. It is also known from the Canary Islands. It is found on reefs at depths down to about 30 metres (98 ft), hiding during the day among boulders and coral debris.

## Biology

The beaded sea cucumber is a detritivore. It uses its tentacles to sift through sediment on the seabed, pushing it into its mouth aperture. The organic material in the sediment is digested and the inorganic matter is expelled through the cloacal vent.
Locomotion takes place as a result of contraction of muscles in the body wall. These consist of both longitudinal bands of muscle and continuous circular bands forming a tube. The contraction of different regions of musculature enables the sea cucumber to move around as waves of peristalsis pass along the body. The ossicles prevent slipping by providing friction with the substrate. In an aquarium, this sea cucumber can climb the vertical glass side by using peristalsis in this way, with the only point of attachment being the tentacles.
# HMS Jaguar

Two ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Jaguar, after the feline jaguar.
* The first HMS Jaguar (F34) was a J-class destroyer launched in 1938 and sunk 1942 by U-652.
* The second HMS Jaguar (F37) was a Leopard-class frigate launched in 1957 and sold to the Bangladeshi Navy in 1978, subsequently operating as BNS Ali Haider
# Eta Volantis

Eta Volantis, Latinized from η Volantis, is a single star in the southern constellation of Volans. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.28, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye as a dim, white-hued star. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 387 light years from the Sun. The star is moving further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of 20 km/s.
This is an A-type star with a stellar classification of A0/1 IV/V, displaying blended spectrum that shows aspects of a main sequence star and a subgiant. Stellar evolution models from Zorec and Royer (2012) place it near the main sequence turnoff, having completed 90.7% of its time on the main sequence. The star is estimated to be 347 million years old and is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 214 km/s. It has 2.73 times the mass of the Sun and 3.43 times the Sun's radius. Eta Volantis is radiating 84 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,789 K.
Eta Volantis has two 12th magnitude optical companions at angular separations of 26.8 and 48.1 arcseconds.
# Estrada de Ferro Central de Pernambuco

Estrada de Ferro Central de Pernambuco (EFCP) was a Brazilian railway company based in Recife. Established in 1879, the company was named Estrada de Ferro Recife–Caruaru (EFRC) until 1890.
The Estrada de Ferro Central de Pernambuco was built to facilitate communication and trade between Recife and the rural interior of Pernambuco. At its peak in 1896, it reached a length of 180 km. The EFCP was abolished in 1904 and its railway network was incorporated into the Great Western of Brazil Railway.

## History
### Origins

The government Pernambuco signed a contract with Bento José da Costa Júnior on February 10, 1874, aiming to build the first section of the Estrada de Ferro Recife–Caruaru. The purpose of the railway was to improve the flow of commerce between Recife and the rural agricultural region of Pernambuco.
Based on studies on the railway route, completed in 1878, it was determined that the railway bound for Caruaru would include the then village of Jaboatão in its railway network. The report delivered to the Ministry of Agriculture concludes that the route of the Estrada de Ferro Recife–Caruaru would cover an area with around two hundred sugarcane engenhos.

### Construction and consolidation

Construction began in 1881, with excavation and earthworks in the section between Recife and Jaboatão. Initially operating on a 17 km route, the first section of the EFCR opened in 1885. Years after the inauguration of the previous section, in 1894 the railway arrived in Gravatá. The slow expansion of the Estrada de Ferro Central de pernambuco is attributed to the challenges faced in crossing the Serra das Russas, a treacherous area of the Borborema Plateau. The development of this new segment required the construction of many infrastructure elements, including the creation of nine viaducts and the building of twenty-one tunnels. The railway reached Caruaru in 1895.

### Apogee and dissolution

The EFCP reached a maximum length of 180 km in 1896, when the Antonio Olinto station was opened, in the city of Tacaimbó.
The company remained in activity until 1904 when it was dissolved and its railway network incorporated into that of the Great Western of Brazil Railway.
# Eugene Bonner

Eugene Bonner, sometimes given as Eugene MacDonald Bonner (June 24, 1889 – December 8, 1983) was an American composer and music critic. As a composer he was particularly known for his operas. In 1931 his opera The Venetian Glass Nephew was staged at the Vanderbilt Theatre on Broadway. He wrote as a music critic for a variety of publications in Europe and the United States, including The Outlook, the Daily Mirror, the Brooklyn Eagle, Cue, and the New York Herald Tribune. He also served as managing editor of the journal The Musical Record.

## Early life and education

Born in Jacksonville, North Carolina, Eugene Bonner was the son of William Tripp Bonner and Eugenia Higgins Bonner. His mother died while giving birth to him, and he was raised in Washington, North Carolina by his great aunt, Mrs. Mary MacDonald, and her husband, Dr. John MacDonald. In his youth he studied piano with his next door neighbor, Charlotte Brown, and attended preparatory school in Warrenton, North Carolina.
In 1907 Bonner began music studies at the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore; earning an organ scholarship at that institution the following year. His teachers at Peabody included Howard Brockway (composition).
After graduating from Peabody in 1910, he went to Europe to pursue further studies in music. From 1911 to 1917 he spent time studying with a variety of teachers in England; including Landon Ronald, Herbert Bedford, Liza Lehmann, and Cyril Scott.

## Composing career

While studying in England, Bonner published his first music composition with the London publishing house, Weeks & Co.

## Later life

In 1955 Bonner moved to Taormina, Sicily. He lived there until his death in Taormina on December 8, 1983.

## Partial list of works
### Operas

* Barbara Frietchie (1921)
* Celui qui Épousa une Femme Muette (1923)
* The Venetian Glass Nephew (1927)
* The Gods of the Mountain (1936)
* Frankie and Johnnie (1945)

### Other stage works

* The Young Alexander (1929).

### Orchestral works

* White Nights (1925)
* Taormina, little suite (1939)
* Concertino for Piano and String Orchestra (1945)

### Chamber music

* Piano Quintet (1925)
* Suite Sicilienne for Violin and Piano (1926)

### Vocal music

* Whispers of Heavenly Death, 3 songs for Voice and Orchestra (1922)
* Flutes for Voice and 4 Instruments (1923)
# Ethinylestradiol sulfate

Ethinylestradiol sulfate (EE sulfate), also known as 17α-ethynylestradiol 3-sulfate, is an estrogen ester – specifically, the C3 sulfuric acid (sulfate) ester of the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE) – and is the major metabolite of EE. Circulating levels of EE sulfate range from 6 to 22 times those of EE when EE is taken orally. EE sulfate can be transformed back into EE (14–21%) via steroid sulfatase, and it has been suggested that EE sulfate may serve as a circulating reservoir for EE, similarly to the case of estrone sulfate with estradiol. However, the EE sulfate pool with EE is far smaller than the pool of estrone sulfate that occurs with estradiol (with estrone sulfate levels approximately 200-fold higher than estradiol levels on average with oral estradiol). In addition, in contrast to the case of estrone sulfate and estrone, the conversion rate of EE sulfate back into EE is relatively low, and has been said probably isn't of clinical significance. However, other studies have suggested that EE sulfate may nonetheless contribute up to 20% of total EE levels.
# Gjin Tanushi

Gjin Tanushi (fl. 1281 CE) was a 13th-century Albanian nobleman who held lands in Ndërfandë, corresponding to the region of Mirdita in north-central Albania. He was also the progenitor of the Dukagjini family which ruled over an area of northern Albania and western Kosovo (Rrafshi i Dukagjinit) during the medieval period, their most important holding being that of Lezhë.

## History

Gjin Tanushi (recorded as ducam Ginium Tanuschium Albanensem and Johanes Tanusius) first appears in the historical record in an Angevin document from 1281 as among the Albanian nobles (including Vlado Blinishti among others) who had opposed Charles I of Anjou and were consequently imprisoned in Brindisi, having been captured by the captain (miles capitaneus) of Durazzo, Johannes Scoctus. The title attributed to Gjin Tanushi in the document, duca (duke), may represent a position that he earned while serving as a military leader under the Byzantine Empire or Kingdom of Serbia. Following his return to Albania, Gjin Tanushi was killed by the locals of Ndërfanda. The death of Gjin Tanushi is discussed in an account written by Gjon Muzaka (fl. 1510) and contemporary oral traditions from the region. According to these narratives, Gjin Tanushi had killed the bishop of Ndërfanda at the church of Saint Mary as the bishop had dishonoured Tanushi by greedily looking upon his wife. Upon hearing of this, the locals of Ndërfanda rose upon against Gjin Tanushi and killed him as well as his entire household, with only a single son who had been hidden surviving the massacre. This unnamed son was adopted and raised by an ally of Tanushi named Stefan Progani from the village of Kallmet, who later married his daughter to Gjin Tanushi's son and aided him in retaking his fathers domain - re-establishing the Dukagjini as a power in the region.
While little is known about Gjin Tanushi's earlier life, some historians have theorised that he was a descendant or relative of the Progoni family which ruled the Principality of Arbanon from 1190 to 1215–6. Injac Zamputi proposed that Tanushi may have been a descendant of protosebastos Progon, the son of Gjin Progoni, who succeeded his uncle Demetrio Progoni and inherited lands in Ndërfanda.
# Orlando Lavalle

Orlando Edson Lavalle Zamora (born 22 June 1969) is a Peruvian football manager.

## Career

Born in Lima, Lavalle began his career in 2008, as manager of Universidad San Martín's youth categories. After being an interim manager of the first team in June 2012, he was named in charge of the side on 16 April 2013, after Aníbal Ruiz left the club.
Lavalle returned to the youth sides after the appointment of Julio César Uribe, but was again interim in November 2014 after Uribe left. On 26 December 2016, he was named manager of the first team for the 2017 season.
After leaving San Martín in the end of 2017, Lavalle took over Liga 2 side Deportivo Coopsol on 8 May 2018. He took over Alianza Atlético the following 9 January, but was replaced by Gustavo Roverano on 12 February.
On 21 March 2019, Lavalle was named in charge of fellow second division side Comerciantes Unidos. He left on 18 June, and took over Carlos Stein in the top tier on 31 December.
Lavalle left Stein on a mutual consent on 19 September 2020, and returned to the second level with Santos de Nasca in December. He was sacked in July 2022, and returned to San Martín on 19 September.
# Bireswar Sen

Bireswar Sen (1897–1974) was an Indian painter, writer, and teacher, who was influenced by the Bengal School of Art and Western modernism, but then later developed a unique visual language of miniatures. He depicted grand landscapes, mostly featuring the Himalayas, on paintings measuring smaller than postcards. Sen was popular and celebrated during his lifetime, but faded from public consciousness after his death.
However, there has been an increasing interest in his oeuvre, since the noted art historian B. N. Goswamy curated an exhibition of his works, titled Heaven and Earth: Himalyas and the Art of Bireswar Sen, at the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi in 2010.

## Early life

Sen was born in Kolkata (then Calcutta), British India, to Rai Bahadur Saileswar Sen, a professor of literature at Calcutta University, and Niharnalini Sen. He took up painting and drawing when young, but didn't pursue art formally. He went to Presidency College, Calcutta, where he received an MA in English literature in 1921.

## Career

In 1923, Sen became an English lecturer at Bihar National College in Patna, Bihar. During his teaching, Sen continued to paint and draw and later came into contact with the three Tagores: Abanindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore and Gaganendranath Tagore. He trained informally under modernist Nandalal Bose and Abanindranath, both of whom taught at the Indian Society of Oriental Art.
Sen's miniature watercolours feature mountains, valleys and forlorn landscapes. He was inspired by the Himalayas and visited them continually throughout his life. It was on one of his trips in 1932, when he met the Russian artist Nicholas Roerich, who had settled in the Indian hill town of Naggar in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh. Their meeting, and subsequent correspondence, left a lasting impact on Sen, both artistically and spiritually. Although he was inspired by Roerich, he never imitated Roerich's style, art historian Goswamy claims. "The fountain of his [Sen's] own ideas was different, his understanding of life of another order. Even in sheer physical terms, Bireswar’s work looked very different, small in scale as it was, and painted on paper in the wash technique," wrote Goswamy in an introductory essay.

### Re-evaluation of Sen's work

Sen died in Kolkata on 10 September 1974. After his death, Sen's popularity diminished, and remained so until 2010, when the first posthumous retrospective was held at the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi. In 2016, his works were displayed in a show curated by B.N. Goswamy at the Crow Museum of Asian Art, Dallas, Texas. Then, in November 2017, a second retrospective, Reflections: Man And Nature In The Paintings Of Bireswar Sen, comprising 80 works, was held at the National Gallery of Modern Art in New delhi, which further helped his works reach a wider and new audience.
# 1794 in sports

1794 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

## Boxing

Events
* "Big Ben" Brain announced his comeback to the ring and he also reclaimed the Championship Title Of England.
* 24 February — "Big Ben" Brain and William Wood were scheduled to fight but it was not held due to Brain being very ill.
* 8 April — death of Ben Brain from cirrhosis of the liver. The Championship of England became a vacant title.
* 12 November — Daniel Mendoza defeated Bill Warr in five rounds at Bexley Common to claim the vacant Championship of England. Mendoza held the title for six months until April 1795.

## Cricket

Events
* Surrey gave odds to an England XI who fielded 13 men for two games against the county's eleven in September. This is believed to be the only time this has happened.
England
* Most runs – Billy Beldham 488
* Most wickets – Thomas Lord 44

## Horse racing

England
* The Derby – Daedalus
* The Oaks – Hermione
* St Leger Stakes – Beningbrough
# Richard Martin-Bird

Colonel Sir Richard Dawnay Martin-Bird CBE TD DL (19 July 1910 – 3 December 1992) was a British Army officer who was Vice-Chairman of the Territorial, Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve Association.
Martin-Bird was educated at Charterhouse School and worked in the family business after leaving school. On 29 April 1939 he was commissioned into a Territorial Army battalion of the Manchester Regiment. During the Second World War he served with the regiment in Malta, the Middle East and Italy. Following the war, on 1 May 1947 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and took command of the 8th Battalion of the Manchester Regiment. He was awarded the Efficiency Decoration on 3 November 1950. In 1953 Martin-Bird was promoted to colonel and took command of 127th (Manchester) Brigade, retiring from the Army in 1956.
He was made an Aide-de-Camp to Elizabeth II in June 1961 and became a Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire in August 1964. In 1969 he was made honorary colonel of his former battalion. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1971 New Year Honours and a Knight Bachelor in the 1975 Birthday Honours in recognition of his work in the Territorial, Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve Association. Martin-Bird served as High Sheriff of Greater Manchester in 1976. He was a Director and Chairman of Yates's and was President of the Wine and Spirit Trade Association between 1978 and 1979.
# Myles Archibald Lyons

Myles Archibald Lyons (1823–99) was a Mounted Police Trooper stationed at Swan Hill, Victoria. He was on the Burke and Wills expedition from the Murray River to Coopers Creek, in September 1860.
He and Alexander MacPherson became lost in the desert and were saved by a Barkinji guide called Dick.
   Dick accompanied Trooper Lyons and Alexander MacPherson when they set out from Menindie to convey despatches to Burke. When they became lost and desperately short of provisions and water, Dick conveyed them to the care of local Aborigines. He then returned to camp, walking for eight days after having run his horse into the ground.
Lyons died in Eltham, Victoria on 19 August 1899, aged 75.
# Brendan O'Sullivan (Kerry hurler)

Brendan O'Sullivan is a former hurler with Kerry and Ballyheigue.

## Intercounty career

Brendan O'Sullivan was a member of the Kerry senior hurling team during the 1990s and 2000s. He was a member of the Kerry team with beat Waterford in the 1993 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Kerry's first win in the Championship since 1926. He was still part of the team that lost the 2003 National Hurling League Final to Antrim and that made it to the 4th round of the qualifiers only to lose out to Limerick. He captained Kerry to Div 2 league in 1998 when Kerry beat Westmeath. He won a second League Medal in 2001 when Kerry beat Westmeath in the final. He also won a Railway Cup with Munster in 1996 to date the last Kerry man to do so.

## Club

* Kerry Senior Hurling Championships 4: 1992, 1996, 1997, 2000

## Inter-provincial

* Railway Cup 1: 1996
# Corsicana Residential Treatment Center

Originally founded in 1887 as the Texas Orphan Asylum by a bill in the Texas legislature.The Corsicana Residential Treatment Center or the Corsicana State Home was a juvenile correctional facility in Corsicana, Texas. Operated by the Texas Youth Commission (TYC), and later the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD), it housed juvenile offenders with severe mental illnesses, emotional disturbances, and developmental delays. It closed in 2013. When open, it had over 200 offenders from all over the state at varying security levels including General Offenders, Sentenced Offenders, Level A & B Violent Offenders, Firearms Offenders, Controlled Substance Dealers, and Chronic Serious Offenders.
The facility was secured by a singular 12 ft high curved top "Anti-Climb” style security fence with fine wire mesh at the top. Razor wire was omitted due to fears of youth intentionally entangling themselves in it to commit self-harm. A Gatehouse with 2 sliding security gates monitored entry in and out of the facility. Youth were housed in dormitory style buildings known as "Cottages". When open the facility consisted of a Cafeteria, Gymnasium, Infirmary, Living Quarters (Cottages), Educational Buildings, Swimming Pool, Recreation Buildings, Administrative Facilities, Segregation Unit, and Maintenance Facilities.
The facility also operated a special 14 bed unit, the CSU, or Crisis Stabilization Unit. Colocated within the same building as the facility's Infirmary, this high-security unit housed youth with particularly severe mental health issues, emotional disturbances, and those who constantly posed a serious risk of harm to themselves. While providing round-the-clock hospital level care to its residents, they would receive comprehensive psychiatric treatment, case management, educational, and therapeutic services.
The facility fell under scrutiny many times due to a number of serious instances of self-harm. The demolishing of old buildings on the land left glass and debris littered on the grounds of the facility. In turn, these objects were picked up by youth who used them to seriously harm themselves. Many of these injuries would require serious medical care outside of the facility. Shortly before closing, a June 2013 TJJD report stated that: The facility, “continues to pose a risk to the vulnerable youth population it serves as hazardous debris and glass are continually unearthed after rain or strong winds.” It was eventually closed for good in December 2013.
The TJJD board, in 2016, rejected a plan which would have converted the facility into an immigration detention center for youth; the City of Corsicana had signed an agreement with Cayuga Home for Children to obtain the title for the facility for free, house illegal immigrant minors there, and rent it to Cayuga for a monthly fee of $3,000.
# Corydon Junction, Indiana

Corydon Junction is an unincorporated community in Harrison County, Indiana, in the United States.

## History

Corydon Junction was founded in 1833. It was a depot on the Louisville, New Albany and Corydon Railroad.
# Cor Varkevisser

Cor Varkevisser (born 14 May 1982 in Leiden) is a Dutch footballer who plays for Quick Boys in the Dutch Derde Divisie.

## Club career

Varkevisser came through the youth ranks at Feyenoord but moved to city rivals Excelsior Rotterdam in 2001 to become a regular with them. After 4 seasons he transferred to VVV-Venlo. On July 1, 2007, he joined Sparta Rotterdam to become their reserve goalkeeper behind Harald Wapenaar, but he became third in the pecking order after the arrival of Sander Westerveld due to injury of Wapenaar.

## International career

Varkevisser played for Netherlands U-21.