OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederick Henderson

Frederick Arthur "Fritz" Henderson (born November 29, 1958) was president and chief executive officer of General Motors. Prior to his appointment as CEO on March 31, 2009, Henderson was the Vice President of General Motors and had been with the company since 1984. Frederick Henderson resigned as the CEO of General Motors on December 1, 2009.
He replaced Rick Wagoner as CEO of GM when Wagoner stepped down after serving in that position for eight years, at the request of President Barack Obama in relation to the General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization. Henderson assumed the new position on March 31, 2009.

## Early life and education

Henderson was born in Detroit, Michigan. He is a 1976 graduate of Lake Orion High School in Lake Orion, Michigan.
He holds a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business and a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School. During his time at Michigan, Henderson pitched for the University of Michigan Wolverines baseball team.

## Career

Henderson joined General Motors in 1984. He held a number of positions with the company until 1992 when he became GMAC group vice president of finance in Detroit. From 1997 to 2000, he was GM vice president and managing director of GM do Brasil covering GM operations in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. He was successful in introducing small, inexpensive cars such as the Celta subcompact and the Meriva microvan, both produced in Brazil.
In June 2000, he was appointed group vice president and president of GM-LAAM (Latin America, Africa and Middle East) and in January 2002, he moved to Singapore as president of GM Asia Pacific where he was successful in expanding operations in Korea and China.
In 2004, Henderson was appointed chairman of GM Europe, based in Zurich, Switzerland, where he undertook substantial restructuring including significant reductions in jobs. After becoming vice chairman and chief financial officer in January 2006, in March 2009, he became GM president and chief operating officer.
On December 1, 2009, Henderson resigned from General Motors as CEO and was replaced by board Chairman Edward Whitacre, Jr., former head of AT&T Inc., who temporarily was CEO while a global search for a new permanent replacement is conducted. January 25, 2010 Ed Whitacre announces he will become the permanent CEO while keeping his current chairman of board of directors role. On February 19, 2010, GM announced that Henderson would serve as a consultant on their international operations, to be paid $59,090 per month ($709,080 per year).
On September 2, 2010, Sunoco, Inc. announced that Henderson would join the company as senior vice president, and that he will lead the company's SunCoke Energy unit as chairman and CEO when it is spun off in 2011.
On June 11, 2018, Adient plc announced that Henderson would replace former CEO R. Bruce McDonald as interim CEO, pending a search for a full-time replacement for McDonald.

## Personal life

Henderson is married to Karen Henderson and has two daughters, Sarah and Emily Henderson.
# Ornithocheirus buenzeli

"Ornithocheirus" buenzeli (often mis-spelled O. bunzeli) is a pterosaur species known from parts of a humerus (upper arm bone) and part of a lower jaw found in late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage) rocks of the Grünbach Formation, Austria. While it has traditionally been classified in the genus Ornithocheirus, it is more likely an azhdarchid, though due to the fragmentary nature of known fossil remains, it is considered a nomen dubium.
# Pterostylis alveata

Pterostylis alveata, commonly known as coastal greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. As with similar greenhoods, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. In this species, the non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves flat on the ground but the flowering plants have a single small, shiny green and white flower with leaves on the flowering spike.

## Description

Pterostylis alveata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of dark green leaves, each leaf 10–25 mm long and 5–15 mm wide. Flowering plants have a single flower 12–15 mm long and 7–10 mm wide borne on a spike 100–200 mm high with between three and five spreading stem leaves. The flowers are shiny green and white. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal curves forward with a pointed tip. The lateral sepals are held closely against the galea, have a thread-like tip 12–15 mm long and a flat, protruding sinus between their bases. The labellum is 8–9 mm long, 3 mm wide, dark brown and blunt, just visible above the sinus. Flowering occurs from May to June.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis alveata was first formally described in 1939 by John ("Ros") Garnet from a specimen collected on Snake Island. The description was published in The Victorian Naturalist. The specific epithet (alveata) is a Latin word meaning "hollowed out".

## Distribution and habitat

Coastal greenhood grows among grasses in moist coastal woodland and scrub between Melbourne in Victoria and Nelson Bay in New South Wales.
# Gmina Stara Kiszewa

Gmina Stara Kiszewa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Stara Kiszewa, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Kościerzyna and 52 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
The gmina covers an area of 213.1 square kilometres (82.3 sq mi); as of 2022, its total population is 6,776.
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Wdydze Landscape Park.

## Villages

Gmina Stara Kiszewa contains the villages and settlements of Bąk, Bartoszylas, Bestra Suka, Bożepole Szlacheckie, Chrósty, Chwarzenko, Chwarzno, Cięgardło, Czerniki, Dolne Maliki, Drzewiny, Dubryk, Foshuta, Góra, Górne Maliki, Grzybno, Hamerbark, Kalk, Kobyle, Konarzyny, Kozia, Łasinek, Lipy, Lisia Huta, Madera, Nowe Polaszki, Nowiny, Nowy Bukowiec, Nowy Dworzec, Olpuch, Olpuch-Dworzec, Pałubin, Pikowo, Portygała, Ruda, Stara Kiszewa, Stare Polaszki, Stary Bukowiec, Struga, Strzelki, Tramkule, Warszawa, Wilcze Błota Kościerskie, Wygonin, Zamek Kiszewski and Zomrze.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Stara Kiszewa is bordered by the gminas of Czersk, Kaliska, Karsin, Kościerzyna, Liniewo, Skarszewy and Zblewo.
# Battle of West Henan–North Hubei order of battle

Below is the order of battle for the Western Henan - Northern Hubei Border Campaign, fought late March through late May 1945. It was one of the 22 major engagements between the National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

## Japan

As of mid-March 1945

## China

As of mid-March 1945
Note: A total of 148,000 men and 4 Airforce groups.
# Igor Werner

Igor Werner (born 22 March 1974) is a German strongman competitor and entrant to the World's Strongest Man competition.

## Biography

Werner started with training in 1997. The first tournament he won as a strongman was the Newcomer Cup in Ditzingen 2001. In 2007 he became Germany's Strongest Man for the first time after placing second behind Heinz Ollesch the previous year. In 2008 he finished second behind Florian Trimpl in Germany's Strongest Man. the same year he was invited for the World's Strongest Man where he finished last in his qualifying heat and did not qualify for the final. In 2010 he became Germany's Strongest Man for the second time.

## Strongman competition record

* 2006
** 2. - Germany's Strongest Man
* 2007
** 1. - Germany's Strongest Man
* 2008
** 2. - Germany's Strongest Man
** 11. Strongman Champions League Serbia
** Q. - 2008 World's Strongest Man
* 2010
** 1. - Germany's Strongest Man
# Prosoplus tenimberensis

Prosoplus tenimberensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1965.
# Grove (crater)

Grove is a small lunar impact crater that lies in the northern part of the Lacus Somniorum. It is located to the southeast of the crater remnant Mason. Grove is a relatively circular crater formation with a simple, sharp-edged rim. The unconsolidated material along the inner wall has slumped down to the floor, forming a ring around the relatively level base. The floor contains a few tiny impacts, but is otherwise nearly featureless.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Grove.
| Grove | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| Y | 37.4° N | 31.7° E | 3 km |
# Chester Priory

Chester Priory was a priory of Benedictine nuns in Cheshire, England probably established in the 12th century. The priory was dissolved in 1540.
# Frederick Henniker

Sir Frederick Henniker, 2nd Baronet (1 November 1793 – 6 August 1825) was a traveller and author.

## Family and friends

He was the eldest son of the Hon. Sir Brydges Henniker, 1st Baronet of Newton Hall in Great Dunmow by his wife Mary, eldest daughter of William Press, and a grandson of John Henniker, 1st Baron Henniker. He was educated at Eton and at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1815. He succeeded his father as second baronet on 3 July 1816.
Scientist and inventor Francis Ronalds, who had a similar sense of adventure and wit, was one of his friends. Henniker’s uncle Lord John Henniker-Major FRS was a scientific mentor to Ronalds, and had viewed his pioneering electric telegraph in operation.

## Travels

In the period 1818–21 Henniker travelled through France and Italy to Malta, and thence to Alexandria, Upper Egypt and Nubia. After revisiting Cairo he went to Mount Sinai and Jerusalem, returning home by Smyrna, Athens, Constantinople, and Vienna. While on his way from Jerusalem to Jericho he was severely wounded by banditti, and left stark naked. He had met up with Ronalds in Sicily but not, as planned, in Egypt, Ronalds being delayed by financial and passport issues.
In 1823 Henniker published an account of his travels and a second edition appeared, with a slightly altered title, in the following year. Ronalds assisted with the draft and in analysing objects Henniker had brought home. Some of Henniker’s sketches and notes are held in the Ronalds Archive at the Institution of Engineering and Technology.

## Politics

In the spring of 1825 he canvassed Reading with a view of contesting that borough in the event of a dissolution, but withdrew his candidature, and died soon after in the Albany, Piccadilly, in the thirty-second year of his age. He was buried at Great Dunmow, Essex. He was unmarried, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his brother, the Hon. and Rev. Sir Augustus Brydges Henniker, 3rd Baronet.
# Fatafehi ʻo Lapaha

Fatafehi 'o Lapaha (1735–1825) was the 10th Tu'i Tonga Fefine (Female Sacred King) and was the daughter of Paulaho, the 36th Tu'i Tonga (Sacred King of Tonga). Her mother was Paulaho's Moheofo (Principal wife) Tupoumoheofo, who laid claimed to the Tu'i Kanokupolu and is recognised as the 12th Tu'i Kanokupolu.
Fatafehi 'o Lapaha's father, Paulaho was the Sacred King when Captain James Cook visited in 1777. Her siblings were Sinaitaka'ifekitetele, Fatafehiha'apai, Manutauhakau, and Fuanunu'iava.
Fatafehi 'o Lapaha married Tu'i Ha'ateiho Fa'otusia Fakahiku'o'uiha of the Falefisi Clan (House of Fiji). The chiefs of the House of Fiji were the only Tongan chiefs allowed to marry the Tu'i Tonga Fefine. Their son, Makamalaohi, was known as the Tamatauhala, the only known person in Tongan History to achieve the highest social status in Tonga.
The Tamatauhala was the child of the Tu'i Tonga Fefine and the male Tamaha (son of a Female Sacred King).

## End notes

* ↑ Cocker, Genealogy of Tonga
* ↑ Cocker, Genealogy of Tonga
# Guy Garrod

Air Chief Marshal Sir Alfred Guy Roland Garrod, GBE, KCB, MC, DFC (13 April 1891 – 3 January 1965) was a senior British Royal Air Force officer.

## RAF career

He was born the third eldest son of Herbert Baring Garrod, barrister-at-law and educated at Bradfield College and University College, Oxford. Garrod was originally commissioned into The Leicestershire Regiment of the British Army in 1914 and only transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1915. His younger brother Roland Perceval Garrod was killed in action the same year. Garrod was given the temporary rank of major in the newly formed Royal Air Force in April 1918.
He joined the Directing Staff at the RAF staff College in 1923 and then became Chief Instructor at Oxford University Air Squadron in 1928 before moving to RAF Headquarters in Iraq in 1931. He was made Deputy Director of Organisation at the Air Ministry in 1934 and Air Officer Commanding the Armament Group in 1937.
He served in the Second World War initially as Director of Equipment at the Air Ministry and then as Air Member for Training from 1940. He continued his war service as Deputy Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, India from May 1943 and as Deputy Allied Air Commander-in-Chief at South East Asia Command from October 1943. In November 1944 he temporarily stepped up to be Allied Air Commander-in-Chief when Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, the nominated successor to the then incumbent Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Peirse, was killed in an air crash on his way to take up the appointment. Garrod held this acting appointment until February 1945 when Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park took up the permanent appointment. In March 1945 Garrod was appointed RAF Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean and Middle East.
After the war he was made Permanent RAF Representative on the Military Staff Committee of the United Nations and then Head of the RAF delegation to Washington D. C. from 1946 until he retired in 1948.

## Family

In 1918 he married Cicely Evelyn Bray. Following the death of his first wife in 1960, he married Doris Eleanor Baker in 1961.
# Pterostylis alpina

Pterostylis alpina, commonly known as the mountain greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has a rosette of fleshy leaves at the base and usually only one white flower with green markings and back-swept lateral sepals.

## Description

Pterostylis alpina is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a rosette of three to five leaves surrounding the base of the flowering stem. Each leaf is egg-shaped to elliptic, 30–60 mm long and 15–30 mm wide. A single white flower with dark green marks and 25–30 mm long and 9–12 mm wide is borne on a spike 120–300 mm high. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal curves forward with a pointed tip. There is a wide gap between the galea and the lateral sepals. The lateral sepals are swept back, have thread-like tips 13–18 mm long and a bulging sinus between them. The labellum is 12–14 mm long, about 3 mm wide, dark green to brown, blunt, and curved and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs from August to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis alpina was first formally described in 1915 by Richard Rogers and the description was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. The specific epithet (alpina) is a Latin word meaning "of high mountains".

## Distribution and habitat

The mountain greenhood is widespread in northern and eastern Victoria but is restricted to the Batlow region in New South Wales. It grows in high rainfall forests on the ranges, often on south-facing slopes.

## Conservation

Pterostylis alpina is classed as "vulnerable" in New South Wales under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
# Gmina Stara Kamienica

Gmina Stara Kamienica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Stara Kamienica, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Jelenia Góra, and 106 kilometres (66 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.
The gmina covers an area of 110.46 square kilometres (42.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,266.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Stara Kamienica is bordered by the towns of Jelenia Góra, Piechowice and Szklarska Poręba, and the gminas of Jeżów Sudecki, Lubomierz and Mirsk.

## Villages

The gmina contains the villages of Antoniów, Barcinek, Chromiec, Jaroszyce, Kopaniec, Kopanina, Kromnów, Mała Kamienica, Międzylesie, Nowa Kamienica, Rybnica, Sosnka, Stara Kamienica and Wojcieszyce.
# Batumi Stalin Museum

Batumi Stalin Museum was a museum in Batumi, Georgia. It commemorated Joseph Stalin, who was active in socialist agitation among Batumi's refinery workers during 1901–1902. It closed in 2013, after suffering low visitation.
# Ilana Halperin

Ilana Halperin (born 1973) is an artist with an interest in the relationships between geological phenomena and daily life. Her artwork is produced using a variety of media, writing, performance, printmaking, sculpture, drawing, and film. She lives and works in Glasgow, Scotland.

## Life and education

Born in New York, NY (USA), Halperin attended the New York High School of Performing Arts (famously known as the setting for the 1980 film Fame), and trained as a stone carver. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Brown University in 1995, before moving to Scotland to study the Master of Fine Art course at the Glasgow School of Art, from where she graduated in 2000.

## Work
### Themes

   I trained as a stone carver, but I had gone from an interest in carving to an interest in the processes that made stone
Halperin's work is predominantly focused around connections between geological time and human time. She conducts fieldwork with specialists worldwide, including mineralogists, geologists, vulcanologists and archaeologists, and creates her work by placing herself or others directly in geologically significant or active locations. This has led to collaborative works such as with the National Soils Archive in Aberdeen, who supplied Halperin with a sample of four soils from a core sample taken at Slighthouses Farm, where James Hutton, the 18th Century Scottish geologist known as the "Father of Modern Geology", lived and farmed. The samples were used to create a series of prints with Peacock Visual Art's Master Printmaker. Halperin used Yame Washi, the oldest Japanese handmade paper (which can last a thousand years) and ink made from two kinds of hot spring minerals collected from the hot spring Hells of Beppu (別府の地獄 Beppu no jigoku), paired with the soil samples.
To celebrate her 30th birthday, in 2003 Halpern travelled to the Island of Heimaey off the southern coast of Iceland, to visit the Eldfell volcano which also appeared in the world in 1973, the same year as Halperin was born. At Heimaey she collected a crystal. In 2013, one decade later, Halperin returned to Eldfell, and on this visit collected an agate from the red lava flow. Both items were included in cases at the National Museum of Scotland, where Halperin received the museum's inaugural Artist's Fellowship in 2013.

### Awards

* Creative Scotland Artist Award
# Gorybia hirsutella

Gorybia hirsutella is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1976.
# Pyramid Peak (South Georgia)

Pyramid Peak (54°00′S 37°23′W﻿ / ﻿54.000°S 37.383°W﻿ / -54.000; -37.383) is a peak, 475 metres (1,558 ft) high, surmounting Cape Buller at the west side of the entrance to the Bay of Isles, South Georgia Island. It was mapped in 1902 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition and named descriptively "Die Pyramide."
# Robin Ayres

Robin Anthony Ayres (born 5 May 1961) is a British sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1980s. He was eliminated in the repechages of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
# Franz Eybl

Franz Eybl (1 April 1806 – 29 April 1880) was an Austrian painter.

## Life

Eybl was born in the Viennese suburb of Gumpendorf at Große Steingasse 136 (today Stumpergasse 55). By 1816, at the age of ten, he had already entered the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, studying under Josef Klieber and Josef Mössmer. Between 1820 and 1823 he studied under Johann Baptist von Lampi and Franz Caucig, reproducing antique statues and casts. Until 1828 he studied history painting under Johann Peter Krafft and much of his work shows this. In 1825 Eybl won the Academy's Gundel-Prize and in 1828 the Lampi Prize. In 1830 he married Antonia Jordan. In 1843 Eybl became a member of the Academy. Eybl died at his official residence in Belvedere and buried at Vienna's famous Zentralfriedhof where notable figures such as Beethoven, Brahms and Schubert are interred. Eyblweg ("Eybl Way") in Leopoldau, Vienna was named after him in 1933.
He died at the age of 74 in 1880.

## Work

Franz Eybl devoted himself to landscape painting and genre works as well as history painting. After 1840 he became influenced by Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller in his use of light. He painted many portraits, and counted himself one of the most important portrait painters in 19th century Austria alongside Friedrich von Amerling. Eybl made over 400 lithographic portraits and is comparable with the prolific Josef Kriehuber in this aspect.

## List of works

* Ein slowakischer Zwiebelverkäufer ("A Slovakian Onion-Seller") (Budapest, Szépmüvészeti Múzeum), 1835, oil on cardboard, 25 x 29.5 cm (10" x 11.5")
* Ramsauer Bäuerin am Spinnrad ("Farmer Woman from Ramsau at the Spinning Wheel") (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), around 1836, oil on wood
* Bildnis Frau Nadassy ("Portrait of Mrs Nadassy") (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), 1839, oil on wood, 29 x 23 cm (11.5" x 9")
* Selbstporträt mit Hut ("Self-portrait with Hat") (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), around 1840, oil on canvas, 70 x 56 cm (27" x 22")
* Selbstporträt vor rotem Grund (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), 1843, oil on canvas
* Bildnis einer Dame im Lehnstuhl (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), 1846, oil on canvas, 111 x 91 cm (43.5" x 36")
* Karl Gustav Wittmann auf dem Totenbett (Vienna Museum), 1847, watercolour
* Das Innere einer Schmiede (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), 1847, oil on canvas
* Lesendes Mädchen ("Reading Girl") (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), 1850, oil on canvas, 53 x 41 cm (21" x 16")
* Ein alter Bettler (Vienna, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere), 1856, oil on wood, 40 x 31 cm (15.5" x 12")
* Graf Miklós Wesselényi der Jüngere (Budapest, Hungarian National Museum), oil on linen, 94 x 75.5 cm (37" x 29.5")
# Fauvel AV.45

The Fauvel AV.45 was an unorthodox motor glider produced in France in the 1960s and 1970s. Like other Charles Fauvel designs, it was a tailless aircraft, in this case inspired by the work that German firms had done on producing motorised versions of his AV.36 design. The prototype of the AV.45 was an extensively modified AV.36 powered by a Nelson H-59 two-stroke engine. AV.45s have been built with a number of other engines, however, including at least one aircraft powered by a small turbojet (a Microturbo Eclair). Falconar marketed the plans in the 1970s.

## Variants

* AV.45 - initial version
** AV.451 - version with increased span and refined aerodynamics
* AV.48 - planned fibreglass version (not built)

## Specifications (AV 45)

Data from The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde Volume II
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) nose to rudder tips
* Wingspan: 13.68 m (44 ft 11 in)
* Height: 1.16 m (3 ft 10 in) at cockpit
* Wing area: 16.12 m$^2$ (173.5 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 11.6
* Airfoil: F$_2$ 17%
* Empty weight: 215 kg (474 lb)
* Gross weight: 302 kg (666 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 350 kg (772 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hirth O-280R horizontally opposed air-cooled piston engine, 41 kW (55 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 142 km/h (88 mph, 77 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* g limits: +6
* Maximum glide ratio: 26 with propeller feathered
* Rate of climb: 2.8 m/s (550 ft/min)
* Rate of sink: 0.85 m/s (167 ft/min) at 75 km/h (46.6 mph; 40.5 kn)
* Wing loading: 18.7 kg/m$^2$ (3.8 lb/sq ft)