OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# H. Fergie Woods

Harold Fergie Woods LRCP MRCS (1883 – 15 January 1961) was an English physician, homeopath and anti-vivisection activist.

## Biography

Woods qualified L.R.C.P. and M.R.C.S. from Middlesex Hospital in 1908. After he qualified, he went to the United States with John Weir to study homeopathy under James Tyler Kent. Woods had a long career at the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital where he was Resident Medical Officer, Physician for Diseases of Children and a Consulting Physician. In 1925, he co-founded the International Homoeopathic League.
Woods was a staunch opponent of vaccination and vivisection. He was a member of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection and gave speeches at anti-vivisection meetings. He stated that animal experimentation is scientifically useless and unethical as the animals are kept in mutilated and suffering conditions for considerable periods. Woods concluded that abolition of vivisection is the only way to protect animals. He was a Vice-President of the National Anti-Vaccination League. In 1945, Woods signed a petition for the formation of a group of homeopathy within the British Medical Association.
Woods was a germ theory denialist who held the view that germs were the result, not the cause of disease. He was an elected medical member of Douglas Macmillan's Society for the Prevention and Relief of Cancer, an anti-vivisection cancer organization.
Woods died on 15 January 1961.

## Selected publications

* The Futility of Animal Experiments (1920)
* Homoeopathic Treatment in the Nursery (1948)
* Essentials of Homoeopathic Prescribing with Rapid Repertory (1949)
# H. F. Samuels

Henry Floyd Samuels (1869–1948) was an American attorney, politician, mining executive, and farmer. He was the leading spokesman of the Idaho chapter of the Non-Partisan League and later the Idaho Progressive Party in the 1910s and 1920s.

## Early life and education

H. F. Samuels was born in Washington County, Mississippi on April 4, 1869. Named Henry Floyd, he always went by his initials to distinguish himself from his father, and later his son, who had the same name. His family moved to Crawford County, Indiana when he was three years old, and he attended high school at Leavenworth.
He studied law at the University of Michigan, and was admitted to the bar in Indiana in February 1892. He later earned a master of law degree at Columbian University (now George Washington University).

## Mining and political career

He became a multi-millionaire in the mining industry in Idaho Panhandle. Originally a Republican, with Non-Partisan League support, in 1918, Samuels won the Democratic nomination for governor of Idaho despite strong opposition from the Democratic Party leadership. However, Samuels was defeated by Republican D. W. Davis.
After Idaho repealed the direct primary in 1919, the Non-Partisan League formed the Idaho Progressive Party. Idaho Progressives nominated Samuels as their gubernatorial candidate in 1922 and 1924. Although Samuels beat the Democratic candidates in both elections, he was ultimately defeated in both by Republican Charles C. Moore.
In 1926 Samuels won the Progressive United States Senate nomination, again bested the Democratic nominee (John F. Nugent), but lost to the Republican (Frank R. Gooding). He retired from public life after the demise of the Idaho Progressive Party in 1928.
He owned a hotel, the Samuels Hotel, built with profits from mining.

## Personal life

Samuels married Iona Snyder on December 25, 1892, and they had one daughter. On February 27, 1905, he remarried to Ada Jenkins, and they had a son and a daughter.
He died in Sequim, Washington on February 23, 1948.
# Eryngium giganteum

Eryngium giganteum, with the common name Miss Willmott's ghost, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae.
The short-lived herbaceous perennial thistle is native to the Caucasus and Iran in Western Asia.

## Description

Eryngium giganteum grows to 1 m (3 ft 3 in). It produces branched heads of pale green conical flowerheads surrounded by spiny bracts in summer. The flowers turn blue at maturity. It usually dies after flowering and is therefore normally grown as a biennial.

## Cultivation

It is cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in gardens. Both the species and its cultivar 'Silver Ghost' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
The common name refers to Ellen Willmott, who is said to have carried seeds at all times, planting them in the gardens of fellow horticulturalists.
* New York Botanical Garden
# H.E. Salzberg Company

H.E. Salzberg Company was a scrap dealer and operator of a group of shortline railroads and bus lines throughout the eastern United States. Headquartered in New York City, the company was primarily in the business of dismantling abandoned railroads and processing the valuable steel rails for scrap. The company was founded by Harry Salzberg in the 1890s. After his death in 1948, his son Murray M. Salzberg became the head of the company. Aside from operating the scrap company and the shortline railroads, Salzberg was also owner of Queens Transit Corporation and Steinway Transit Corporation in Queens, New York, and was also on the board of the reorganized Central Railroad of New Jersey beginning in 1979.
H. E. Salzberg & Company, Inc., incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 1918.
Each year, Syracuse University's Whitman School of Management presents the Salzberg Medallion, a prestigious award in the transportation and supply-chain management industry. The award was established in 1949 by Murray Salzberg to honor his father's transportation career.

## Historic List of Salzberg Railroads

* Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Southern Railroad (1955–1968)
* Hoosac Tunnel and Wilmington Railroad (1936–1937)
* Southern New Jersey Railroad (1936-1939)
* Louisiana and North West Railroad (1958-
* Southern New York Railway (1939–1971)
* Arkansas Valley Railway (1939–1942)
* Unadilla Valley Railway (1937–1960)
* Arkansas and Ozarks Railway (1949-1960)
* St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad (1956-1967)
* Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad (1943-1950)
* Wellsville, Addison and Galeton Railroad (1956–1979)
# Erynnis zarucco

Erynnis zarucco, commonly known as the zarucco duskywing, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found (rarely) from southern Ontario to the southeastern United States.
The wingspan is 32–38 mm. There are three generations in the deep south but only two in the north.
The larvae feed on tree and herbaceous Fabaceae.
# Eskibağlar, Kemah

Eskibağlar is a village in the Kemah District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. Its population was 56 as of 2022.
# Eskibektaşlı, Gürün

Eskibektaşlı is a village in the Gürün District of Sivas Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 62 in 2023.
# Ernst-Joachim Mestmäcker

Ernst-Joachim Mestmäcker (25 September 1926 – 22 April 2024) was a German lawyer. He was professor of private law at Georgetown University, Saarland University, University of Münster, University of Bielefeld, University of Hamburg, and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. From 1984 to 1990 he was director of the German Max Planck Society. He was on the editorial board of the academic journal ORDO and member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was a member of the Mont Pelerin Society. Mestmäcker died on 21 April 2024, at the age of 97.

## Awards

Mestmäcker was awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit, First Class, in 1981 as well as the order Pour le Mérite for accomplishments in the arts and sciences in 1997.

## Selected publications

* Mestmäcker, Ernst-Joachim (2007). A Legal Theory Without Law - Posner v. Hayek on Economic Analysis of Law. Mohr Siebeck. doi:10.1628/978-3-16-151072-4. ISBN 978-3-16-151072-4. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
# Ernst-Kirchweger-Haus

The Ernst-Kirchweger-Haus (EKH) is a self-managed social centre in Vienna's 10th district, Favoriten. It was squatted in 1990 and legalised in 2008. The project is named after Ernst Kirchweger.

## Occupation

The building was squatted on 23 June 1990, and became a self-managed social centre, which hosted migrants and refugees, an infoshop, community activities, and political groups. The squatters, who described the EKH as an "international, multi-cultural, anti-fascist centre," named the building after Ernst Kirchweger. He was a former concentration camp inmate and member of the anti-fascist resistance, who was killed in 1965 by a right-wing protester during a demonstration against Taras Borodajkewycz, a former member of the National Socialist German Workers Party.

## Negotiations

In 2004, the owner of the house (the Communist Party of Austria, led by Walter Baier) sold the EKH to a real estate company, whose director was accused of being a former right-wing extremist. The residents were threatened with eviction. After a long struggle with many protests and actions, a company with close contacts to the municipality of Vienna bought the building in July 2005. The threat of eviction passed and in 2008, a rental contract was signed.

## 2020 disturbances

In June 2020, a feminist demonstration protesting the treatment of women in Austria and Turkey, organised by a Kurdish women’s organisation based at EKH, was attacked by the Turkish far-right group the Grey Wolves. In response, anti-fascists organised a counter-demonstration the next day and this resulted in 200-300 neo-fascists attacking the EKH building, throwing stones, bottles and firebombs. The situation then created a diplomatic war of words between Austria and Turkey, with the Turkish ambassador being invited to the Foreign Ministry.
# H. K. Ayliff

H. K. Ayliff was an English theatre director who directed Shakespeare in contemporary dress as early as the 1920s, as well as Yellow Sands on Broadway.
H.K. Ayliff was one of a triumvirate of celebrated British theatre directors during the years between the two world wars, the others being Tyrone Guthrie and Basil Dean.
Henry Kiell Ayliff was born 1871 in Grahamstown, Cape Colony, grandson of English settlers of 1820. He moved to England as a young man to study painting at the Royal Academy Schools and in Paris. In 1901 he gave up painting and studied acting under Herman Vezin, playing several parts in London and the provinces, including Juggins in Bernard Shaw’s Fanny's First Play at the Royal Court Theatre in Sloane Square. He frequently joined with other out-or-work actors in putting on one-off show-case productions, often directing these, and so developing a talent as a director.
He married Gertrude Homewood, an actress, in 1907. They had three children, Susan born in 1908, Esther in 1910 and David in 1916. In 1922 he started working as director at Barry Jackson’s Birmingham Repertory Theatre.
In April 1923 Cymbeline, the first of a series of modern-dress Shakespeare productions, caused quite a furore. Other important productions were the first production of Shaw’s five-part epic Back to Methuselah, Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author for which he also wrote the English version, and the very popular The Farmer's Wife by Eden Phillpotts.
Many productions transferred to London during this period, and HK also found himself being employed by London managements such as C.B.Cochran for several productions. In 1929 Barry Jackson instituted a Summer Festival of plays at Malvern. Initially this was dedicated to the plays of George Bernard Shaw, but from 1931 the theme became ‘Five Centuries of English Drama’, starting with pre-Shakespeare, through Restoration, Georgian, Victorian, and ending with a new modern play. Most of these were directed by HK, when he was not otherwise engaged in the West End.
The outbreak of war in 1939 saw the end of the Malvern Festivals though the Malvern Theatre management tried unsuccessfully to revive it when peace was restored. Mr. and Mrs. Ayliff retired to their country cottage in Cambridgeshire at the outbreak of war, but in 1943 he returned to Birmingham to direct Shaw’s Heartbreak House and play the part of Capt. Shotover, Barrie’s Quality Street and another modern-dress production of The Taming of the Shrew with the young Margaret Leighton as Katherine.
In 1947 he directed a revival of James Bridie’s A Sleeping Clergyman at London’s Criterion Theatre, which he had first directed at the 1933 Malvern Festival and a revival of The Farmers Wife at The Apollo Theatre. He died in Cambridgeshire in 1949.
# HEMPT 3050

HEMPT 3050 is a satellite station-keeping Ion thruster, currently selected for the use on German Heinrich Hertz satellite. It's designed to be used for two roles: orbit-rising and station-keeping. To date it's been demonstrated to operate over 9000 hours.
Thruster was originally planned to be used on the Hispasat AG1, based on SmallGEO bus, however it was switched to the Heinrich Hertz, which is based on the same platform. Thruster design has been in development since 2002, and thanks to unique magnetic confinement it features both: high efficiency and negligible erosion, what contributes to a long lifetime.

## Specifications

| Parameter | Value |
| Exhaust velocity (m/s) | 28000 |
| Thrust (mN) | 44 |
| Thrust-to-power level (mN/kW) | 32.59 |
| Specific impulse (s) | 2500 |
| Power (W) | 1350 |
| Thruster mass (kg) | 6.8 |
| Control unit mass (kg) | 13 |
| Reference: ||
# HMS Busy

Two vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Busy:
* HMS Busy (1778) was a 10-gun cutter purchased on the stocks by the Royal Navy in 1778. She was sold in 1792.
* HMS Busy (1797) was an 18-gun brig-sloop launched in 1797. She foundered while serving on the North America Station in 1807.
# Nuakata Island

Nuakata Island is a small, mountainous island in the Goschen Strait south of Normanby Island and east of East Cape. It is part of Milne Bay Province in southeastern Papua New Guinea. Mount Tanorabwa is the highest point on the island at 1,072 feet (327 m).

## People

The island is inhabited by about 500 people. The people of the island speak a dialect of the 'Auhelawa language, also spoken on the south coast of Normanby Island. They live in traditional settlements and practicing subsistence horticulture and some harvesting of sea resources such as fish, beche-de-mer and trochus for cash. An international NGO, Conservation International, has selected the island for the future development of a community-based marine protected area.
# Estelle Baskerville

Estelle Baskerville (born November 15, 1946) is an American athlete. She competed in the women's high jump at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# HFO

HFO may refer to:
* HealthForceOntario
* Heavy fuel oil
* Hybrid fibre-optic
* Hydrofluoroolefin, a refrigerant
* Hydrous ferric oxides
* Hypofluorous acid
* Halbleiterwerk Frankfurt (Oder)
* High-frequency oscillations
* Hardy Family Office, a professional wrestling stable led by Matt Hardy
# Güney, Çorum

Güney (also: Güneyköy) is a village in the Çorum District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 319 (2022).
# Estelle Sternberger

Estelle Miller Sternberger (1886–1971) was an American activist, writer and broadcaster. As executive secretary of the National Council of Jewish Women, she encouraged women to take up careers outside the home. She later became a popular radio personality, ready to discuss any topic related to politics or culture.

## Early life

On July 6, 1886, Sternberger was born as Estelle Miller in Cincinnati, Ohio. Sternberger's parents were Abraham Miller and Hannah née Greeble. Sternberger had a brother Milton Miller (b.1885) and a sister Sadie Miller (b.1893).

## Education

Sternberger attended the University of Cincinnati studying social work, and the Cincinnati School of Jewish Philanthropy.

## Career

After graduating, Sternberger began lecturing and joined civic organizations before becoming a member of the National Council of Jewish Women, NCJW.
In 1921, Sternberger became the founding editor of The Jewish Woman which was initially an internal newsletter of the NCJW. Over the years, it became an important source of inspiration for American Jewish women, promoting social initiatives and encouraging Jewish women to seek success in every field of endeavor.
In 1923, she participated in the First World Congress of Jewish Women in Vienna, representing the NCJW. Sternberger was an active proponent of world peace, heading the pacifist organization World Peaceways in the 1930s. In 1936, she published The Supreme Cause: A Practical Book About Peace.
Sternberger later became an outspoken radio commentator, broadcasting on religious New York City radio stations, including WLIB, WMCA and WQXR.

## Personal life

Sternberger's first husband was Harry Sternberger and they have a daughter Minette Cathryn Sternberger (1906–1977). Sternberger married the rabbi J. Max Weiss (died 1968).
On December 23, 1971, Sternberger died in New York City, New York.
# Estonian national road 7

Riia-Pihkva maantee (translates from Estonian as Riga-Pskov highway, alternatively Põhimaantee nr 7, unofficially abbreviated T7) is a highway in south-eastern Estonia. It is a short section of the E77 in Estonia, serving little other purpose, with just 21.4 kilometres of length. The highway begins on the Latvian border and ends at the Russian border crossing at Luhamaa.
Within Estonia, the road serves the borough of Misso. The AADT on the road is 650, with up to a third being heavy traffic.
The highway is single carriageway, with at-grade intersections.

## Overview

The T7 starts at the Latvian border, having bypassed the disused Veclaicene/Murati border crossing. After driving through the borough of Misso, it intersects with the T2/E267 and reaches Luhamaa border crossing with Russia.

### Road lane count

* 22 km
* 1+1 road

## Route table

The entire route is in Võru County.
| Municipality | Location | Destinations |
| Murati border crossing with Latvia Europe ||||||
| Rõuge | Murati | – Hurda |
| Rõuge | Murati | – Haanja, Ruusmäe |
| Rõuge | Käbli | – Haanja |
| Rõuge | Misso | – Rammuka, Tsiistre |
| Rõuge | Missokülä | – Kiviora |
| Setomaa | Tiilige | – Pältre |
| Setomaa | Tiilige | – Savimäe |
| Setomaa | Luhamaa | – Tallinn, Võru |
| Setomaa | Määsi | – Kiviora |
| Luhamaa border crossing with Russia ||||||
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Estadio Ángel Malvicino

The Estadio Ángel P. Malvicino is an indoor arena in Santa Fe, Argentina. It hosts basketball, volleyball, futsal, boxing, and handball matches, as well as artistic events. Unión de Santa Fe currently plays its home matches at this stadium for the Liga Nacional de Básquet, the highest level of the Argentine basketball league system.
The name of the stadium honors Ángel Malvicino, who was president of the Unión de Santa Fe from 1980 to 1981, from 1995 to 2003, and from 2005 to 2007. Malvicino donated the stadium directly to the club.

## Facilities

The stadium's capacity ranges from 4,500 to 7,000 spectators, depending on the type of event being hosted. It also has an authorities box, a VIP lounge, and a press area with eleven booths equipped for radio and TV live transmission. There are medical facilities, a drug lab, and several changing rooms for athletes and referees.

## Events

During the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, this stadium hosted Group B, which consisted of Poland, Italy, Canada and Croatia; and the second round Group J, which consisted of Brazil, France, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic.
# Estadio del Argentino de Merlo

Estadio del Argentino de Merlo is a stadium in Merlo, Buenos Aires. It is used for football matches and is the home stadium of Argentino de Merlo.
34°38′46″S 58°43′52″W﻿ / ﻿34.646087°S 58.730976°W﻿ / -34.646087; -58.730976
# HMS Cornelia

HMS Cornelia was a Royal Navy 32-gun fifth-rate Narcissus-class frigate, launched in 1808 at South Shields. She participated in the Invasion of Ile de France in 1810 and the invasion of Java in 1811. She was broken up in 1814.

## Career

Cornelia commissioned in November 1808, under the command of Captain Henry Folkes Edgell. He sailed her for the East Indies on 30 December.
In 1810 was deployed to the squadron at the Cape of Good Hope. In the autumn, she joined the invasion fleet under Admiral Albemarle Bertie that executed the successful Invasion of Ile de France in November 1810.
On 13 May 1810 Cornelia was in company with Sir Francis Drake and HMS Diana when they captured some slaves at Diego Garcia.
In August or September 1811 Captain William Fitzwilliam Owen replaced Edgell. Owen commanded Cornelia during the invasion of the Dutch East Indies in 1811, and the capture of Java that year. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the NGSM with clasp "Java" to all surviving claimants from the campaign.
In 1813, Cornelia returned to England as escort to a convoy from China.

## Fate

Cornelia was paid off at Woolwich in 1813 placed in ordinary. She was broken up at Sheerness in June 1814.
# HMS Emulous

Three vessels of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Emulous, meaning "Eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another":
* HMS Emulous (1806) was a Cruizer-class brig-sloop launched in 1806 and wrecked in 1812.
* HMS Emulous (1812) was the American schooner USS Nautilus, which the British captured in 1812; she was sold in 1817.
* HMS Emulous (1819) was a Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1819. In 1823 she became a packet when the Royal Navy took over the Post Office Packet Service. In 1843 she was turned over to the Coast Guard. In 1864 she was renamed WV13. She was sold in 1865 for breaking up.
# Esther Pilkington

Esther Pilkington is a British performance artist and researcher based in Hamburg, Germany. Pilkington, along with Daniel Ladnar, is a founding member of the performance collective Random People. Her work within the practice of walking art considers the role of the documented journey in performance and breaking the predominant character of immediacy in performance.

## Education

Pilkington received her PhD from Aberystwyth University, Wales, in 2011, her MA also from Aberystwyth University in Theatre, Film and Media Studies in 2007. She studied English and Theatre, Film and Media Studies at the undergraduate level at Frankfurt University, earning her degree in 2006.

## Selected works

* 2011 We Always Arrive In the Theatre on Foot: A walk to the theatre in sixteen steps and eighteen footnotes, Vienna, Austria
* 2011 Vaasa in Luck, Platform, Finland
* 2009 A Long Walk, Aberystwyth to Aldeburgh, UK
* 2005 The Sunny Beach Project, Sunny Beach, Bulgaria; Vienna, Austria and Ipswich, UK
# OEK

OEK or Oek can refer to:
* Orinats Yerkir, an Armenian political party
* Oek de Jong (born 1952), a Dutch novelist
* Palau National Congress, the national legislature of Palau
* Orchestra Ensemble Kanazawa, a chamber orchestra based in Kanazawa, Japan
# HERMES experiment

HERMES was a particle detector at the HERA particle accelerator located at the German national laboratory DESY in Hamburg. The experiment's goal was to investigate the quark–gluon structure of matter by examining how a nucleon's constituents affect its spin. It later developed into a pioneering experiment for measuring generalised parton parton distributions and a general-purpose experiment for the study of QCD processes. HERMES completed its first run between 1995 and 2000, and its second run between 2001 and 2007. It measured 3.5 m × 8 m × 5 m and weighed 400 tons.
The HERMES collaboration consisted of nearly 200 scientists from more than 13 countries.

## Method

HERA's longitudinally polarized electron beam was used to explore the spin structure of nucleons. For this purpose, the electrons were scattered at energies of 27.5 GeV at an internal gas target. This target and the detector itself were designed especially with a view to spin-polarized physics. The virtual photon emitted by the electron was also polarized and sought out quarks of spin opposite to that of the photon. The asymmetry of ejected quarks was determined to deduce the net polarization of the quarks.

## Unpolarized gas feed system

The unpolarized gas feed system (UGFS) was used for non-polarized "end of fill" or heavy-target running before the polarized target was removed in 2003. Afterwards, the UGFS supplied the target gasses in the new detector configuration.