OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2019 North District Council election

The 2019 North District Council election was held on 24 November 2015 to elect all 18 elected members to the 20-member North District Council of Hong Kong.
The pro-democrats took control of the council by taking 15 seats in a historic landslide victory amid the massive pro-democracy protests. The pro-Beijing parties almost lost all their seats, retaining only three seats with DAB's Lau Kwok-fan also being unseated.

## Overall election results

Before election:
| 4 | 16 |
| Pro-dem | Pro-Beijing |
Change in composition:
| 15 | 5 |
| Pro-democracy | Pro-Beijing |
North Council election result 2019 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Independent | 3 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 16.7 | 28.0 | 36,296 | |
| DAB | 1 | 0 | 6 | −6 | 5.5 | 24.2 | 31,311 | −7.0 |
| Democratic | 5 | 2 | 0 | +3 | 27.8 | 15.4 | 19,898 | −2.1 |
| Neo Democrats | 3 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 16.7 | 13.5 | 17,520 | +8.5 |
| FTU | 1 | 0 | 2 | −2 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 9,087 | −0.7 |
| NDB | 1 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 5.6 | 4.1 | 5,288 | |
| Luen Wo United | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 4,491 | |
| FPHE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2,871 | |
| NPP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 2,684 | |
# Francis Espinasse

Francis Espinasse (1823–1912) was a Scottish journalist and follower of Thomas Carlyle.

## Life

Espinasse came from a Gascon French background. He was born in Edinburgh, and studied at Edinburgh University. As a young man, he was warned against life as a man of letters by Francis Jeffrey and William Wordsworth.
Espinasse went to London in 1843, to work for the British Museum as an assistant; but he left his post after a clash with Anthony Panizzi. He became close to the Carlyles, and Thomas Carlyle supported his career, which took him to Manchester and back to Edinburgh. He published on 20 October 1847 in the Manchester Examiner an article on Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was starting out on a British lecture tour, in terms which set a pattern for later coverage. When the Lancashire Public School Association was set up in 1848, he became its secretary, assisted by Edwin Waugh. In 1849 he was promoting the memory of Joseph Arkwright in a lecture at the Manchester Mechanics' Institute.
A prolific freelance writer, Espinasse became a major contributor to The Critic in the early 1850s, introduced by William Maccall. Under the pseudonym Herodotus Smith he gave an insider's view of the literary world (other pseudonyms—he used at least three—were Lucian Paul and Frank Grave). He edited the Edinburgh Evening Courant from 1864 to 1867, taking over when James Hannay moved to London, and being replaced by the new owner, Charles Wescomb, by James Scot Henderson.
The long-lived Espinasse was in the end thought of as "the Nestor of Victorian journalism". He was remembered as a biographer of French philosophers, and substantial contributor to the Dictionary of National Biography (he is one of those credited with its conception). He became a Poor Brother of the London Charterhouse, supplying a pension.

## Works

* Life and Times of François-Marie Arouet, calling himself Voltaire, 3 vols., 1866
* Lancashire Worthies (2 vols.)
* Literary Recollections and Sketches, 1893
* Life of Renan, 1895
# Festuca violacea

Festuca violacea is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. The species was first published in 1808. This species is native to Europe.

## Habitat

Festuca violacea is perennial and mainly grows in temperate biomes.
# Nakanoho Dam

Nakanoho Dam is a gravity dam located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 1.6 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 5 ha of land when full and can store 411,000 cubic meters of water. Construction on the dam began in 1990 and was completed in 2005.
# HMS Charity

Four ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Charity:
* HMS Charity (1650), a fireship captured from France in 1650 and originally named Charité, expended in 1652.
* HMS Charity (1653), a 36 gun 453 ton (builder's measure) ship captured from the Dutch in 1653. Recaptured by the Dutch on 3 June 1665. Also known as HMS Great Charity.
* HMS Charity (1770), a sloop operating on the Great Lakes. Launched in 1770, lost 1777.
* HMS Charity (R29), a C-class destroyer launched in July 1943 and sold to the United States in June 1958. The ship was modernised in the United Kingdom before being transferred under the United States Military Aid Program to Pakistan in December 1958. Serving as PNS Shah Jahan (sometimes written PNS Shahjehan) the ship was scrapped in 1971 after being damaged beyond repair by an Indian Styx missile during the Indo-Pakistani War on 4 December 1971.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "R29 HMS CHARITY / SHAH JEHAN (DD-962)". NavSource Naval History. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
* ↑ B. Harry (January–February 2002). "Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi". Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 4 (4). Archived from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
* ↑ Colledge states that the ship was sunk
# Magnetic field viewing film

Magnetic field viewing film is used to show stationary or (less often) slowly changing magnetic fields; it shows their location and direction. It is a translucent thin flexible sheet, coated with micro-capsules containing nickel flakes suspended in oil. When magnetic lines of force are parallel to the surface of the carrier sheet, the surfaces of the flakes are reflective, and appear bright. When lines of force are perpendicular to the sheet, the flakes are edge-on, and appear significantly darker. When the film is placed on a magnet's pole, the latter case applies.
Magnetic field viewing film together with a ruler can be used to measure the poles per inch of a magnet.
# White-bearded greenbul

The white-bearded greenbul (Criniger ndussumensis), is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found from south-eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and extreme north-western Angola. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The white-bearded greenbul was originally described as a subspecies of the red-tailed greenbul and alternatively has been considered as conspecific with the yellow-bearded greenbul. Alternate names for the white-bearded greenbul include the slender-billed bearded bulbul, Uganda red-tailed bulbul and white-bearded bulbul.
# Goodenia stephensonii

Goodenia stephensonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is an erect, more or less woody herb with linear to oblong stem leaves and racemes of yellow flowers with a pouched corolla.

## Description

Goodenia stephensonii is an erect, more or less woody herb that typically grows to a height of up to 80 cm (31 in). The leaves on the stems are linear to oblong, 30–60 mm (1.2–2.4 in) long and about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) wide, sometimes with teeth on the edges. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long on a peduncle 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) long with leaf-like bracts and linear bracteoles 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. The sepals are linear to lance-shaped, about 2 mm (0.079 in) long, the corolla yellow and pouched, 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long with wings about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) wide. Flowering occurs from October to January.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia stephensonii was first formally described in 1887 by Ferdinand von Mueller in The Victorian Naturalist from specimens collected by "L. Stephenson".

## Distribution

This goodenia grows in forest and woodland between Gosford and the upper Hunter Valley.
# Freiburg Botanical Garden

Freiburg Botanical Garden (German: Botanischer Garten Freiburg or Botanischer Garten der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg) is a botanical garden in the Herdern district at Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and is associated with the University of Freiburg as the "Forschungs- und Lehrgarten der Universität Freiburg" (Garden for research and teaching of the University of Freiburg) of the Faculty of Biology. The current director of the garden is Professor Dr. Thomas Speck.
The garden was founded in 1620 by the University of Freiburg. A building on the same property was rebuilt as a hospital for members of the university, which also served for anatomy training. It was one of the first botanical gardens in Germany. The garden was originally part of the University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine. The first director of the garden was Jacobus Walter (born 1655), a professor of medicine who was also responsible for botany. During the Thirty Years' War, the garden was destroyed.
The garden was rebuilt in 1766, but was forced to relocate to make room for the fortifications built by the Marquis de Vauban to protect the city after Freiburg had been annexed by France in 1677. The botanic garden was laid out near the river Dreisam. Its design was heavily influenced by the onset of the Age of Enlightenment and by the increased interest in botany during the second half of the 18th century. Again part of the Faculty of Medicine, the garden measured approximately 6.6 acres (27,000 m$^2$) in area. Despite damage from floods and the Napoleonic Wars, the garden included an impressive 3,000 plants by 1829, as well as greenhouses built in 1827 and 1828. Directors of the botanical garden from this period included Karl Julius Perleb, Fridolin Karl Leopold Spenner, Alexander Braun, Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli, Heinrich Anton de Bary and Julius von Sachs.
In 1878 the garden at the Dreisam had to be abandoned, and the garden relocated to what is now the Institutsviertel (institutes quarter) and remained at this location until the First World War. In 1912 the garden moved to its current location in Herdern district of Freiburg, when a new institute for botany was built there. The garden sustained damage during World War II in the 1944 air raid on Freiburg.
Today the garden contains some 8,000 species, with research centered upon Black Forest fossil flora of the Carboniferous period, and the functional morphology and biomechanics of living and fossil plants. Its collections include plants from alpine regions, dunes, heaths, marshes, and bogs, with four exhibition greenhouses (900 m$^2$) containing tropical plants, ferns, and cacti and succulents.
# Berberis fendleri

Berberis fendleri, commonly known as Colorado barberry, is a shrub native to canyons and mountain slopes in the western United States (Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah).

## Description

Berberis fendleri is up to 2 m (7 feet) tall, and has simple deciduous leaves up to 4.6 cm (1.8 inches) long. Flowers are borne in racemes of up to 15 flowers, each producing a red, juicy, oblong fruit up to 8 mm long.
# Parestola tubericollis

Parestola tubericollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1980.
# Festuca trachyphylla

Festuca trachyphylla is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. The species was first published in 1915. This species is native to North, Central and East Europe.

## Habitat

Festuca trachyphylla is perennial and mainly grows in temperate biomes.
# Battle of Purakkad

The first Battle of Purakkad was fought in 1746 between the Indian Kingdom of Travancore and combined forces of the feudal state Odanad.

## Background

With the defeat of the Kulachal battle in 1741, the Dutch captured Vamanapuram with the help of the King of Kollam. Following this, the Travancore army led by Ramayan Dalava besieged the Kollam fort of the Dutch. But the Odanad (Kayamkulam) army helped the Dutch army for the defense of this fort. The Kayamkulam army was led by Achyutawaryar who was the minister of the King of Kayamkulam. Following this, the Travancore army retreated. In 1742, the combined forces of the Dutch and Kayamkulam captured Kilimanoor. For this reason Marthandavarma brought cavalry from Tirunelveli and led the army towards Kilimanoor and captured Kilimanoor. Then Marthandavarma's army moved towards Kayamkulam. The King of Kayamkulam resisted at first but finally begged for peace. Following this, Marthanda Varma and King of Kayamkulam signed the Treaty of Mannar. But the King of Kayamkulam later violated the terms of this truce. This led to the Travancore army conquering the Kayamkulam in 1746. This battle came to be known as the Battle of Purakkad. Marthandavarma captured the small feudal state Odanad and annexed it to Travancore for helping Kayamkulam in the war with Travancore. Present Ambalapuzha and Kuttanad taluks were included in this.
# Nachipalayam

Nachipalayam is a small village located 5 km south of Vellakoil, Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Power loom factories and spinning mills are the major livelihood for nearly 500 people.
# HMCS Anticosti

Several Canadian naval units have been named HMCS Anticosti.
* HMCS Anticosti (T274) (I) was an Isles-class trawler that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War.
* HMCS Anticosti (MSA 110) (II) was an Anticosti-class minesweeper that served in the Canadian Forces during the 1990s.
# Durame

Durame is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. The administrative center of the Kembata Tembaro Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), this town has a latitude and longitude of 7°14′N 37°53′E﻿ / ﻿7.233°N 37.883°E﻿ / 7.233; 37.883 with an elevation of 2101 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by Damboya woreda. Materials on the Nordic Africa Institute website, describe Durame as the main town for the Kambaata-speaking people.
According to the SNNPR's Bureau of Finance and Economic Development, as of 2003 Durame's amenities include digital telephone access, postal service, 24-hour electrical service, two bank branches (Global bank and Commercial Bank of Ethiopia), and a hospital.
Following the Italian invasion, on 8 May 1936 a civil war erupted between the local population and the remaining Amhara, forcing local missionaries to evacuate the area. In 1962 a road linking Durame with Hosaena was constructed; bridges over the Markos and Dembe rivers were built in 1968.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this woreda has a total population of 24,472 of whom 12,173 are men and 12,299 women. The majority of the inhabitants were Protestants, with 86.51% of the population reporting that belief, 7.39% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 4.93% were Catholic.
The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 7,092 of whom 3,577 were men and 3,515 were women. It is the larger of two towns in Kedida Gamela woreda.
# Chrysis Painter

The Chrysis Painter was an anonymous ancient Greek red-figure vase painter who worked in Athens around 420–410 BC. He is identified by his name vase, a hydria now kept in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (accession number 06.1021.185). which has the name "Chrysis" (ΧΡΥΣΙΣ) inscribed next to the figure of a woman. He has been described as belonging to the school of the Dinos Painter.
A total of five pieces have been ascribed to the Chrysis Painter. Another of them is kept in the British Museum in London (vase E503).
# Goniodoma millierella

Goniodoma millierella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in France, Italy and Tunisia.
# Freies Werkstatt Theater

Freies Werkstatt-Theater is a theatre in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is managed as a public utility and sponsored by the City of Cologne and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was founded in Cologne in 1977 as part of the nationwide pilot project 'Artists and Students'. Since 1995 it has been located in a redesigned and refurbished listed building in the south of the city. Its five floors include two venues, two foyers, rehearsal, office, and workshop space
From its founding in 1979, as the first theatre in Germany to have a third-age company, it has developed plays whose themes reflect the lives and histories of the people involved, their entry into retirement, and life as older people today.
The theater is directed by Dieter Scholz, co-founder, and Ingrid Berzau Honour . Dieter Scholz was awarded the Order of Merit (Bundesverdienstkreuz) in 1995 and in 2007 the Cologne Theatre Prize, and Berzau also received of the FWT also the Order of Merit in 2010 for her commitment as artistic director.
The theatre has become known specially for its unconventionally staged arrangements and dramatizations of literary styles and classics. and in 1990 for its special concept, was the first theatre to receive the Independent Theatre Award of North Rhine Westphalia.

## Awards

* Cologne Theater Prize 2008: for the dramatisation of "Das Wüten der ganzen Welt"
* First prize: The Otto-Mühlschlegel-Award "Zukunft Alter" 2008 from the Robert Bosch Foundation
* In December 2007 Dieter Scholz received the Cologne Award of Honour
* 2007 The Robert Jungk Prize for the Project of the Future
* 1999 prize for nationwide engagement for seniors (Länderübergreifendes Engagement für Senioren)
* 1992 North Rhine Westphalia State Promotion Prize for "Das große Heft"
* 1990 North Rhine Westphalia State Promotion Prize for Global Artistic Concept
* 1990 EXPRESS-Public prize

## Nominations

A total of 19 nominations for the Cologne Theatre Prize including:
* 2008 for Das Wüten der ganzen Welt First dramatisation of the novel by Maarten ’t Hart by Johannes Kaetzler and produced by Johannes Kaetzler
* 2007 for Woyzeck³, 3 pieces by Georg Büchner, compiled by Gerhard Seidel, Kay Link, produced by Kay Link
* 2006 for Irrungen, Wirrungen, stage production by Gerhard Seidel of the novel by Theodor Fontane, produced by Roland Bertschi
* 2004 for Die Erzählung der Magd Zerline by Hermann Broch, produced by Kay Link
Further nominations were received in 1990, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2003
* This European theatre-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about a North Rhine-Westphalian building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Paul Demange

Paul Demange may refer to:
* Paul Demange (politician) (1906–1970), French politician
* Paul Demange (actor) (1901–1983), French actor
# Parco dell'Orecchiella

The Parco dell'Orecchiella is a park on the slopes of the Apennines in the Garfagnana region of Tuscany, central Italy, included in the townships of Piazza al Serchio, San Romano, Sillano Giuncugnano and Villa Collemandina. It is a wilderness park, protected by the State Forestry Department. The park is subdivided into three natural reserves: "l'Orecchiella", "la Pania di Corfino", and "Lama Rossa".
The park includes large forests of beech, chestnut, and fir. The fauna consists of woodland species such as the Italian wolf, wild boar, deer, and mouflon. The area is also characterized by its raptors, including falcons and golden eagles.
The State Forestry Department Visitors' Center at the park includes a Natural History Museum and a Museum of Raptors. The park also includes a botanical garden: Giardino Botanico "Maria Ansaldi" Pania di Corfino which contains many species of plants typical of mountainous environments: herbaceous annuals and perennials, shrubs, and trees typifying the Apennine habitat.
# Pankaj Batra

Pankaj Batra is an Indian film director.
Pankaj Batra comes from Chandigarh in India. He has more than 15 years of experience as a director in Indian cinema. He is working in Punjabi cinema, from 2005. Batra is a Mumbai-based film director known for Sajjan Singh Rangroot Starring (Diljit Dosanjh),Bambukat Starring (Ammy Virk),Goreyan Nu Daffa Karo Starring (Amrinder Gill), Naughty Jatts, and Dildariyaan. In 2017, he released his film Channa Mereya (film) starring Ninja, Payal Rajput, Amrit Maan, Karamjit Anmol.

## Career

His first Punjabi film as director was Reehjan in November 2005, starring Ranjeet, Aryan Vaid, and Bunti Garewal. After that he directed a soap titled Chaldi Da Naam Gaddi for Zee television in November 2007. Later on, he directed another show in 2008 titled Hum Tum for Zee. His second Punjabi feature film was Virsa in 2008 starring Gulshan Grover and Aryan Babbar.
Pankaj Batra's first hit as director was Naughty Jatts, released in 2013, starring Neeru Bajwa, Binnu Dhillon and Aarya Babbar. His next film Goreyan Nu Daffa Karo was hit in 2014 starring Amrinder Gill, Binnu Dhillon, Amrit Manghera. His third titled "Dildariyaan" with Jassi Gill was his connective hit in 2015.
"Bambukat" grossed Rs.1.38 crore in Punjab on its first day. It was released in over 65 screens in key international markets on 29 July and grossed approximately US$1 million at the overseas box office in the first week.
Sajjan Singh Rangroot is eighth highest Punjabi grossing film of all time and second highest-grossing film of 2018.
His next is with super star Jassi Gill, Ranjit Bawa and Ninja, titled High End Yaariyan, which is scheduled for 22 February 2019 release.

## Director

* Reejhan (2005)
* Virsa (2008)
* Naughty Jatts (2013)
* Goreyan Nu Daffa Karo (2014)
* Dildariyaan (2015)
* Channo Kamli Yaar Di (2016)
* Bambukat (2016)
* Channa Mereya (2017)
* Sajjan Singh Rangroot (2018)
* High End Yaariyan (2019)
* Jinde Meriye (2020)
* Mitran da Naa Chalda (2023)

      ### Also producer

* Mitran Da Naa Chalda (2023)

## Awards

* Best Director - Bambukat - Filmfare Awards Punjabi
* Best Sound Design - Winners of the Jio Filmfare Awards Punjabi 2017

## Nominations

* 2017 - Best Director Filmafare Aware (Punjabi) for the Film Bambukat
# Georg Karl Mayer

Georg Karl Mayer (30 March 1811 – 22 July 1868) was a German Roman Catholic theologian born in Aschbach, Upper Franconia.
He studied philosophy and theology in Bamberg, then continued his education at the Universities of Munich and Vienna. In 1837 he received his ordination in Bamberg, and afterwards worked as a chaplain. From 1842 he was a professor at the Lyceum in Bamberg, where he taught classes in canon law, church history, dogmatics, exegesis and Hebrew language. In 1862 he was appointed Domcapitular at Bamberg.
Mayer specialized in dogmatic theology, and with church historian Johann Spörlein (1814–1873), was a principal representative of Güntherianism at Bamberg. After the Church's condemnation of Anton Günther's writings in 1857, he fought for the recognition and continuation of Günther's teachings, including an appeal to the First Vatican Council.

## Selected publications

* "Über das Wesen und die Fortpflanzung der Erbsünde" (Regarding the essence and propagation of Original Sin), 1838
* "Geist und Natur im spekulativen Systeme Günthers" (Spirit and nature in speculative Güntherianism), 1845
* "Der Mensch nach der Glaubenslehre der alten Kirche und im speculativen Systeme Günthers " (Doctrine of faith of the Old Church and in speculative Güntherianism), 1856
* "Theologische Einwendung gegen die scholastisch-philosophische Lehre vom Menschen", (Theological objection to the scholastic philosophical doctrine of man), 1867
* "Commentar über die Briefe des Apostels Johannes", (Commentary on the letters of the Apostle John), 1851
* "Die Echtheit des Evangeliums nach Johannes", (The authenticity of the Gospel according to John), 1854
* "Die patriarchalischen Verheißungen und die messianischen Psalmen", (The patriarchal promises and the messianic Psalms), 1859
* "Die messianischen Prophezieen des Jesaias, Jeremias, Ezechiel und Daniel" (The Messianic Prophecies of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel), 1860–1866, two volumes
* "Zwei Thesen für das allgemeine Concil" (Two theories for the general council), 1868