OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-417

German submarine U-417 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She carried out one patrol. She did not sink or damage any ships.
She was sunk by a British aircraft southeast of Iceland on 11 June 1943.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-417 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-417 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The submarine was laid down on 16 September 1941 at the Danziger Werft (yard) at Danzig (now Gdansk), as yard number 118, launched on 6 June 1942 and commissioned on the 26th September under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Wolfgang Schreiner.
She served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 26 September 1942 and the 6th flotilla from 1 June 1943.

### Patrol and loss

U-417 was sunk on 11 June 1943 southeast of Iceland by depth charges from a British B-17 Flying Fortress of No. 206 Squadron RAF.
Forty-six men were lost with U-417; there were no survivors.

### Aftermath

U-417's anti-aircraft fire had been accurate. The B-17 ditched; all eight of the crew were forced to share a single dinghy. On 14 June, an American navy PBY Catalina attempted a landing but crashed. Its crew of nine found themselves adrift on two rafts. The B-17 crew were found and rescued by Jack Holmes in a British Catalina of 190 squadron on the same day of their ditching, but the Americans were not found for another five days. Only one man survived, the others died of exposure.
# Gelechia thoracestrigella

Gelechia thoracestrigella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California and Arizona.
The forewings are ochreous, dusted with brown. This dusting is dense at the base of the costa and at the base of the wing, it is aggregated into three indistinct spots, behind which are three others, and behind these, two or three others. These spots form three oblique rows, and behind them the dusting increases in quantity to the apex.
# Frei Rogério

Frei Rogério is a city in Santa Catarina, in the Southern Region of Brazil.
# Henry Shakespear Thuillier

Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Shakespear Thuillier DSO (10 September 1895 – 1982) was a British Army officer.

## Early life and family

Thuillier was born at Murree, Punjab, India, the son of Major General Sir Henry Fleetwood Thuillier and Helen Thuillier (died 1923), eldest daughter of Major-General G.R. Shakespear of the Indian Army.

## Death

Thuillier died in Victoria, BC, Canada in 1982.

## Selected publications

* Cosmos Without End. Vantage Press, 1975.
* That which was. H.S. Thuillier, Victoria, B.C., 1977.
# Endulen Game Controlled Area

The Endulen Game Controlled Area is found in Tanzania. It was established in 1974. This site is 600 km$^2$.
# Epps 1907 Monoplane

The Epps 1907 Monoplane was a pioneering aircraft built and flown in 1907 by Ben T. Epps of Athens, Georgia from an original design. The aircraft consisted of an open framework suspended below a wire-braced monoplane wing. The undercarriage consisted of three bicycle wheels, one at the front of this frame, and two behind it. A buggy seat was located beneath the wing for the pilot. A 15-horsepower (11 kW) two-cylinder Anzani motorcycle engine was mounted behind the seat and drove a two-bladed propeller from an exhaust fan mounted pusher-fashion behind the wing's trailing edge. A biplane elevator unit was carried on struts at the front of the aircraft, and a single rudder on struts to its rear. The airframe was made from scrap timber collected from a sawmill, with the flying surfaces covered in cotton. Only the undersurfaces of the wings were covered.
Inspired by the Wright Brothers and pioneering European aviators, Epps first conceived of the design at the age of sixteen. In 1907, he built the aircraft in the workshop of his bicycle, electrical contracting, and automobile repair business on Washington Street, Athens.
In October 1907, he flew the machine from a cow pasture near Brooklyn Creek. After rolling downhill, Epps took off and flew around 100 yards (90 metres) at a maximum altitude of around 50 feet (15 metres). The flight ended in a crash, but made Epps Georgia's first aviator. In 1949, Lola Trammel told The Atlanta Journal Magazine that Epps had already made a successful flight in the machine prior to the public demonstration, testing the machine by moonlight with the help of friends at two o'clock in the morning.
In his 2016 book "To Lasso the Clouds," and his 2017 article published in Air & Space Magazine, Dan A. Aldridge Jr. documents how this plane actually first flew in 1909, not 1907. The book shows how the Epps aircraft was actually the first monoplane to fly in the United States, predating the monoplane flight of Henry Walden, who was credited with the historic milestone.
The Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum in Titusville, Florida has a replica of the aircraft on display. Bearing the registration N1907, it was constructed by John D. Pruett.

## Specifications

Data from The Georgia Historical Society et al 2007
General characteristics
* Crew: One pilot
* Wingspan: 35 ft 0 in (10 m)
* Powerplant: 1 × 2-cylinder Anzani , 15 hp (11 kW)
# Bolster, Washington

Bolster is a ghost town in Okanogan County, Washington, USA. In 1899, the town was plotted by J.S. McBride, who named it for the Spokane financier Herman Bolster. He sold lots in the new town and at one time there were several stores, a post office and three saloons. The small town of some thirty families traded with Chesaw, each calling the other a 'suburb'. The town's newspaper, The Bolster Drill, could not make any money, and eventually went out of business. In 1909, the post office closed. There was a school in Bolster in 1910, but it was open for only that year.
# Copper Creek Falls (Oregon)

Copper Creek Falls is a waterfall from Copper Creek, just before it empties into Eagle Creek at Bench Canyon, in Union County, Oregon. Access to Copper Creek Falls is from a trail that parallels the river for over 15 mi (24 km).
# Phocion Rossollin

Phocion Rossollin (22 December 1837 – 20 June 1911) was a French sailor who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Rossollin as helmsman, took the 11th place in first race of the 0.5 to 1 ton and finished 8th in the second race. He did this with the boat Ariette.
# Rannoch School

Rannoch School was a private boarding school, located on the south shore of Loch Rannoch in Perth and Kinross, Scotland on the Dall Estate, 6 miles (9.7 km) from Kinloch Rannoch. Dall House served as the main school building and a boarding house.
It was established by three masters from Gordonstoun School and opened on 24 September 1959 with 82 boys. The school's ethos was enshrined in its principle of "in pursuit of all round excellence" based on the philosophies of Kurt Hahn.
Rannoch's location in the Highland Perthshire glens lent itself well to Outward Bound pursuits, which became a large part of the school's activities.

## Dall House

Dall House was the main school building. It housed two of the boys’ boarding houses, the dining hall, kitchens, masters common room and headmasters office, and in later years the girls boarding house.
The estate dates back to 1347. Dall House was built in 1855 as a principal seat of the Clan Robertson, which it remained until the early last century. In 1860 it was sold to Thomas Frederick Charles Vernon Wentworth of Yorkshire. It passed to his son Captain Bruce Vernon-Wentworth, who used to visit during the autumn shooting season. He took his staff from his main residence at Wentworth Castle in Yorkshire during the season and after the end of World War II lived there full-time until his death in 1951.
He is buried at a private grave site by the burn adjacent to the house. The building is a romantically styled Scots Baronial mansion house designed by architects Thomas Mackenzie and James Matthews. Prior to being purchased by the school, it was used as offices by the Forestry Commission.

## Closure in 2002

In 2002, Rannoch School closed permanently, having been threatened with closure the previous year but lasting another 12 months through financial donations and publicity. Although the demand for independent schooling in Scotland is on the increase, recent years have shown a decline in the number of parents willing to send their children to boarding school. The remoteness of Rannoch and lack of public transport meant that opportunities for day pupils were very limited, being 6 miles (9.7 km) from the nearest village and an hour's drive from the nearest city (Perth).

## Old Rannochians

Rannoch produced a number of distinguished alumni known as "Old Rannochians", including:
* David Brudenell-Bruce, 9th Marquess of Ailesbury
* Graeme Lamb, British General
* Patrick Singleton, Bermudian luger
* Tom Smith, 1971-2022 International Rugby Player: Scotland (61 caps) and British & Irish Lions (6 caps over 2 tours)
# Gerhard Ritterband

Gerhard Ritterband (1904–1959) was a German film actor.

## Selected filmography

* The Doll (1919)
* The Princess of the Nile (1920)
* Va banque (1920)
* A Day on Mars (1921)
* Four Around a Woman (1921)
* The Dance of Love and Happiness (1921)
* Evelyn's Love Adventures (1921)
* The Moneylender's Daughter (1922)
* Girl of the Berlin Streets (1922)
* Your Valet (1922)
* The Romance of a Poor Sinner (1922)
* Maciste and the Silver King's Daughter (1922)
* Maciste and the Chinese Chest (1923)
* Niniche (1925)
* The Motorist Bride (1925)
* Old Mamsell's Secret (1925)
* The Dice Game of Life (1925)
* The Salesgirl from the Fashion Store (1925)
* Love's Finale (1925)
* The Captain from Koepenick (1926)
* The Circus of Life (1926)
* The Mill at Sanssouci (1926)
* The Bank Crash of Unter den Linden (1926)
* Annemarie and Her Cavalryman (1926)
* Darling, Count the Cash (1926)
* Bigamy (1927)
* Benno Stehkragen (1927)
* Paragraph 182 (1927)
* The Woman with the World Record (1927)
* The Lady from Argentina (1928)
* Ariadne in Hoppegarten (1928)
* The Market of Life (1928)
* Because I Love You (1928)
* Inherited Passions (1929)
* The Girl with the Whip (1929)
* The Ship of Lost Souls (1929)
* Column X (1929)
* Beware of Loose Women (1929)
* End of the Rainbow (1930)
* Under False Flag (1932)
* Wedding at Lake Wolfgang (1933)
# Ping Island

Ping Island (Chinese: 𬞟岛, 萍岛, 𬞟洲, or 萍洲; pinyin: píng dǎo or píng zhōu) is a river island with a general perimeter of about 600 metres (2,000 ft) and an area of 0.6 square kilometres (0.23 sq mi) in the middle north of Lingling District, Yongzhou, Hunan.
As one of the main attractions in Yongzhou, it is located at the confluence of the east branch and west branch (from Guangxi) of the Xiao River, and the main course of the Xiang River. Night rain on Xiaoxiang(Chinese: 潇湘夜雨; pinyin: xiāoxiāng yèyǔ) in Eight Views of Xiaoxiang is about Ping Island.
Pingzhou academy (Chinese: 萍洲书院 or 蘋洲書院; pinyin: píng zhōu shū yuàn) is one of the four major shuyuan in Hunan Province. Located on Ping Island, it was originally built in 1739 and was last rebuilt in 2013.
# A Spot of Folly

A Spot of Folly is a collection of short stories by English writer Ruth Rendell. Subtitled "Ten And A Quarter New Tales Of Murder and Mayhem" the collection was published in 2017, two years after Rendell's death. The stories in the collection had been previously published in crime fiction magazines between 1970 and 2005, most of them Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine.
# Endsville

Endsville may refer to:
* Endsville, an album by Huevos Rancheros
* Endsville, a film by Steven Cantor, and starring Kyle Secor
* Endsville, a poetry collection by Paul Durcan and Brian Lynch
* Endsville, a fictional location in The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress
* Endsville, a fictional town in The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
* Endsville, a sculpture by Roland Brener
# Pleterje, Kidričevo

Pleterje (pronounced) is a village west of Lovrenc na Dravskem Polju in the Municipality of Kidričevo in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

## History

The settlement of Pleterje was created in 1952, when the formerly separate villages of Spodnje Pleterje and Zgornje Pleterje were merged into a single settlement.
# Picea chihuahuana

Picea chihuahuana, the Chihuahua spruce, is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 25–35 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. It is native to northwest Mexico, where it occurs in 25 small populations in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains in Chihuahua and Durango. It grows at moderate altitudes from 2300–3200 m, growing along streamsides in mountain valleys, where moisture levels in the soil are greater than the otherwise low rainfall in the area would suggest.
The bark is thin and scaly, flaking off in small circular plates 5–10 cm across. The crown is conic, with widely spaced branches with drooping branchlets. The shoots are stout, pale buff-brown, glabrous, and with prominent pulvini. The leaves are needle-like, 17–23 mm long, stout, rhombic in cross-section, bright glaucous blue-green with conspicuous lines of stomata; the tip is viciously sharp.
The cones are pendulous, broad cylindrical, 7–12 cm long and 3 cm broad when closed, opening to 4–5 cm broad. They have stiff, bluntly rounded scales 1.5–2 cm broad, and are green, maturing pale brown 6–8 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 4 mm long, with a 10–13 mm long pale brown wing.
Chihuahua spruce was only discovered in 1942 by the Mexican botanist Maximino Martínez, and is endangered with just 25 small populations, none comprising more than a few hundred trees. It is related to Martinez Spruce from northeast Mexico, but differs in the shorter, blue-green leaves, and the smaller, narrower cones with smaller scales. No other related spruces are found in North America, with its next-closest relatives in eastern Asia.
It is a very attractive tree and is starting to be planted as an ornamental tree in botanical gardens, particularly valued in warm areas as it is one of the most heat-tolerant of all spruces, more tolerant of summer heat than Blue Spruce, which it resembles in foliage.
# Ranno

Ranno is a village in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Ranno is located in the Purwanchal region, between Jaunpur and Badlapur.
It has seven sub villages including Dakhin Patti, Uttar patti, Barre Patti, Sadaruddin pur, Pura Sherkhan,Mohammad Pur and mahiman pur, with a combined population of nearly 8000. There are significant Muslim and Hindu populations in the region, with Muslims being the majority, but there is no conflict between these groups. Ranno has a good literacy rate, but overall state of education needs improvement. There are many engineers, doctors and government employees.
Sub-villages :
* (1) Dakhin Patti
* (2) Uttar Patti
* (3) Barre Patti
* (4) Sadruddin Pur
* (5) Pura Sher khan
* (6) Mohammad Pur
* (7) Mahiman Pur

## Ranno Amari

Ranno Amari is a major event conducted by the residents, which attracts a big crowd from all around India. It is an event carried out to mourn for the 72 martyrs of Karbala, Iraq. It is one of the largest peaceful gatherings in India. A 118-foot tall flag (Alam) is hoisted every year for this event.
Upcoming predicted dates of Ranno Amari :
| 1443 | 9 October 2021 |
| 1444 | 28 September 2022 |
| 1445 | 17 September 2023 |
| 1446 | 6 September 2024 |
| 1447 | 26 August 2025 |

## Schools

* Urdu Prathamic Vidyalaya
* Seth Ali Ahmad Orientel College
* K F public school
* M S D convent

## Historic places and sights

* Sadar Imam Bargah Ranno
* Roza-E-Rasul-E-Khuda
* Roza Bibi Fatima Zahra
* Roza Imam Hussain
* Roza Maula Abbas
* Makhdum Shah Baba Mazar
# Dülgerli, Arhavi

Dülgerli (Laz language: Potocuri; პოტოჯური) is a village in the Arhavi District, Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 106 (2021).
# Free standard

A free standard or libre standard is a standard whose specification is publicly available. The concept of Free/Libre standards emerged in the software industry as a reaction against closed de facto "standards" which served to reinforce monopolies. Users of a free standard have the same four freedoms associated with free software, and the freedom to participate in its development process. The standardisation process typically requires a complete free software reference implementation, which demonstrates that it is implementable and renders it usable. A libre standard is not patent-encumbered.
The Free Standards Group, for example, developed standards and released them under the GNU Free Documentation License with no cover texts or invariant sections. Reference implementations and test suites, etc. were released as Free software.
Similar processes are now followed by the various "open" standards bodies, the word "open" having been popularised by the "open source" movement in order to engage powerful industry players

## Examples of free/open standards bodies

* Ecma International
* OASIS
* Open Geospatial Consortium
* World Wide Web Consortium
# Chenjiaping station

Chenjiaping Station is a station on Loop line of Chongqing Rail Transit in Chongqing municipality, China. It is located in Jiulongpo District and opened in 2019.
# Energen

Energen Corporation was a company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration. In 2018, the company was acquired by Diamondback Energy.
As of 31 December 2017, the company had 444 million barrels of oil equivalent (2.72×10$^9$ GJ) of proved reserves, of which 58% was petroleum, 22% was natural gas, and 20% was and natural gas liquids and all of which were in the Permian Basin.

## History

The company, originally called Alabama Gas Corporation, was spun off from Southern Natural Gas (later, Sonat Inc.) in 1953 as part of an antitrust agreement.
In 1985, the company was renamed Energen Corporation. Its subsidiaries included its natural gas utility division, Alagasco (Alabama Gas Corporation), which was sold in 2014, and its oil and gas exploration division, Taurus Exploration (later Energen Resources).
In 2002, Energen Resources acquired properties in the Permian Basin for $120 million in cash and $70 million in stock.
In 2003, Energen Resources acquired 93 billion cubic feet of gas equivalent of proved reserves in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and southern Colorado for $39 million.
In 2004, Energen Resources acquired San Juan Basin coalbed methane properties from a private company for $273 million.
In 2009, the company acquired assets in the Permian Basin from Range Resources for $182 million.
In 2014, the company sold its natural gas utility business, Alabama Gas Corporation (Alagasco), to Laclede Group for $1.35 billion in cash and the assumption of $250 million in debt.
In 2015, the company sold the majority of its assets in the San Juan Basin for $395 million.
In 2018, the company was acquired by Diamondback Energy.
# Eospilarctia maciai

Eospilarctia maciai is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Aidas Saldaitis, Povilas Ivinskis, Thomas Witt and Oleg Pekarsky in 2012. It is found in the Fengshuiuiny Shan Mountains in the Yunnan province in south-western China.
The wingspan is about 50 mm. The ground color of the forewings is dark blackish brown and the veins are yellow. The hindwings are whitish yellow with brown patches.

## Etymology

The species is named after Mr Ramon Macià Vilà, an Arctiinae specialist.
# Xarém

Xarém or xerém is a thick soup or porridge from Algarve, Portugal that is eaten in Cape Verde and Brazil as well. It has a corn flour base combined with other traditional ingredients which vary by region. The dish is prepared using corn meal, clams or sardines, and grilled meats. The Algarvian version is most commonly prepared using clams.

## Etymology

The words "xerém" and "xarém" have no known etymological origin, though there are two hypotheses for the origin of the words:
* "xerém" and "xarém" from the Arabic word "zerem" meaning "grain potatoes."
* "xerém" could be derived from a Yoruba word, xe'ree, meaning a rattle used in Orisha Shango.

## Brazil

It is a traditional dish in the Northeast Region of Brazil, especially in Pernambuco. The Brazilian dish contains coarsely ground corn kernels, and it is similar to polenta.
It is also popular in Minas Gerais, where it is not called "xerém" but "little hominy ". The name is given to both the raw broken corn, and the cooked dishes made with it. Traditionally, the Mineira hominy is cooked with pork ribs, sometimes with pork cuts with chicken, beef, or sausage added.

## Cape Verde

In Cape Verde, xarém is considered a traditional dish. It contains corn grain mixed with water, laurel, butter, and salt. It can also be prepared with fresh tuna, coconut milk, onions, and gindungo peppers. Xerém de festa is prepared with fat, pork meat, and onions, or in other cases, with beans, bay leaf, peppers and tomatoes. It is often used for wedding parties.
On the island of Brava, a drum festival is celebrated in the month of June when the xarem dish is eaten and prepared as people dance to the coladeiras.

## Portugal

In Portugal, xarém is a traditional dish in the southern Algarve region, and is quite common in the city of Olhão. In that city, the dish is prepared using clams, bacon, and ham. Other ingredients may include greaves, pork, and grilled sardines. A dish called "xarém with shells" was one of 70 candidates in a September 2011 cook-off for the 'Seven Wonders of Portuguese Cooking' award, but it lost.
# Gaston de Gerlache

Baron Gaston de Gerlache de Gomery (Brussels, 17 November 1919 – Oudenaarde, 13 July 2006) was a Belgian polar explorer.
Gaston de Gerlache was the son of Adrien de Gerlache, and followed in the tracks of his father by leading the second Belgian expedition to Antarctica in 1957–1958, 60 years after his father led the 1897–1899 Belgian Antarctic Expedition aboard the ship Belgica.
Gaston de Gerlache and his crew established the King Baudouin Base in 1958 in the context of the International Geophysical Year. On 11 December 1958 an aircraft with four Belgians, led by Gaston de Gerlache crashed in the Crystal Mountains, 250 km from King Baudouin Base, Antarctica. The crew was searched for and rescued on 16 December by the Soviet polar pilot V. M. Perov on an Li-2 aircraft, that had taken off from Mirny Station.
In 1960 Gaston de Gerlache published his travel journal Retour dans l'antarctique. A year later he made a documentary about his expedition named Plein sud.
An article, "Belgium in the Antarctic", written by Gaston de Gerlache de Gomery appeared in the Geographical magazine (May 1962 issue).
Mount Gaston de Gerlache in the Queen Fabiola Mountains on Antarctica was named after him.