OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bąk (surname)

Bąk (Polish pronunciation:) is a Polish surname. It is sometimes written as Bonk due to its pronunciation. In Polish, the word has several meanings, including Botaurus (a genus of birds in the heron family), horse-fly, child, and bumblebee.

## People

* Agnieszka Dziemianowicz-Bąk (born 1984), Polish politician
* Arkadiusz Bąk (born 1974), Polish footballer
* Bożena Bąk (born 1966), Polish badminton player
* Henryk Bąk (1923–1987), Polish actor
* Ignacy Bąk (born 1995), Polish handball player
* Jacek Bąk (born 1973), Polish footballer
* Jacek Bąk (footballer, born 1962), Polish footballer
* Jakub Bąk (born 1993), Polish footballer
* Justyna Bąk (born 1974), Polish long-distance runner
* Krystian Bąk (born 1956), Polish field hockey player
* Krzysztof Bąk (born 1982), Polish footballer
* Mateusz Bąk (born 1983), Polish footballer
* Mirosław Bąk (born 1961), Polish footballer
* Thomas Bak (born 1978), Polish-born German artist
# Politechnika Warszawska PW-6

The Politechnika Warszawska PW-6U is a Polish two-seat training sailplane designed at the Warsaw University of Technology for basic flight instruction and transition training to the PW-5 single-seater. It was manufactured at PZL Świdnik from 2000 and at ZS Jezow from 2007.

## Development

The PW-6 was designed to be an ab initio trainer with the capability of providing cross-country training as well. It has handling and performance characteristics similar to the Politechnika Warszawska PW-5. In this way, it was envisaged that the transition to solo flying in the single-seater could be made sooner.
The prototype of the PW-6, built at the Politechnika Warszawska, PZL Świdnik and DWLKK, made its maiden flight from Bemowo Airfield, Warsaw, in July 1998. Type certification was granted in September 2000, after Jerzy Kedzierski and Maciej Lasek completed the test flights. Serial production started at PZL Swidnik soon afterwards, with first deliveries to Egypt, New Zealand, Belgium, Canada, United States, Portugal and Germany. Production at PZL Swidnik ceased after approximately 26 aircraft had been completed, but resumed at Zaklad Szybowcowy Jezow in 2007.

## Design

* Classical shoulder-wing, two seater, tandem layout, designed in accordance with the requirements of JAR-22 Utility Category.
* Wing shape and profile are similar to the PW-5 design: trapezoid plan with bow-shaped ends, shoulder-set on the fuselage, having a single-spar structure with sandwich shells. Schempp-Hirth-type air brakes extend on the upper wing surface only.
* Fuselage shell of glass-epoxy composite monocoque structure, stiffened with frames. Fabric-covered rudder.
* Fixed undercarriage consisting of main wheel behind the rear pilot, with shock absorber and drum brake, a smaller front wheel and a tail wheel to prevent ground scraping if over rotation takes place during take off or landing.
* Two tow releases, for aerotowing and winch-launching.

## Variants

The following derivatives were projected, though not built:
* PW-7 Motorglider project: two seater side-by-side motorglider, with PW-6 wing geometry.
* PW-9A Aerobatic Training Glider, with automatic control connections and tail ballast compartment.
* PW-9M Self Launching Training Glider, with Solo engine and folding propeller.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: Two
* Length: 7.85 m (25 ft 9 in)
* Wingspan: 16.00 m (52 ft 6 in)
* Height: 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 15.3 m$^2$ (164 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 16.8
* Empty weight: 360 kg (790 lb)
* Gross weight: 546 kg (1,200 lb)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 260 km/h (160 mph, 140 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: 34
* Rate of sink: 0.75 m/s (147 ft/min)
# Firestone-Apsley Rubber Company

The Firestone–Apsley Rubber Company was a tire company and factory located in Hudson, Massachusetts, United States. It succeeded the rubber clothing companies Apsley Rubber Company and Goodyear Gossamer Company. It operated in its various guises from 1885 to the 1930s. Today the Firestone–Apsley factory building is owned by Hudson Lock, LLC, which produces keys, locks, and related goods.

## History

The Goodyear Gossamer Company was founded in 1885 in Hudson, Massachusetts, by businessman and later United States congressman Lewis Dewart Apsley and his partner J. H. Coffin of Boston. This company produced rubber or "gossamer" clothing. Within five years, Goodyear Gossamer Company became the largest producer of gossamer garments in the nation.
In 1892 Apsley purchased Coffin's share of Goodyear Gossamer and reincorporated it as the Apsley Rubber Company. This company produced rubber clothing and footwear. Apsley expanded the company's brick factory building in 1916. The plant employed between 1200 and 2000 people during its existence, more than half of all people employed in Hudson during that time period.
In 1921 Apsley sold his company and factory buildings to the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. The plant was renamed the Firestone–Apsley Rubber Company and started producing tires. A new 150-foot (46 m) brick smokestack with the word "FIRESTONE" spelled out on it in white–painted bricks was built by the Firestone Company. The factory helped attract immigrants from all over Europe to Hudson. In 1928 at least 19 different languages were spoken by Firestone-Apsley workers. The factory folded in the 1930s during the Great Depression.
From the 1940s through 1960s the former Firestone–Apsley factory buildings housed Victory Plastics. This company produced plastic footwear and 18 million plastic scabbards for knives and machetes during World War II. Victory Plastics was recognized with an Army-Navy "E" Award for its contributions to the war effort. Victory continued producing scabbards and other war materiel for use during the Korean War, including plastic–encased land mines designed in collaboration with Dow Chemical Company. The company also added various plastic consumer goods such as thermal cocktail pitchers and condiment sets to their production line.
Since 1963 the plant has housed Hudson Lock, LLC, which produces keys, locks, locksmithing tools, and related goods.
The Firestone smokestack still stands. It is quite possibly the tallest structure in the town of Hudson, but is now shorter than its original 150-foot (46 m) height. Sometime in 2017 the smokestack was damaged – or perhaps intentionally lowered for safety reasons – such that it now reads "IRESTONE."
# Metachanda oncera

Metachanda oncera is a moth species in the oecophorine tribe Metachandini. It was described by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse in 1954.
# Luigi Monza

Blessed Luigi Monza (22 June 1898 - 29 September 1954) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Secular Institute of the Little Apostles of Charity. Monza's pastoral mission was defined with catering to the needs of the poor and the sick and used his new congregation as a means of spreading this mission.
Monza was beatified on 30 April 2006 in Milan after Pope Benedict XVI approved his beatification; Cardinal José Saraiva Martins presided on the pope's behalf.

## Life

Luigi Monza was born in Varese on 22 June 1898.
He commenced his studies for the priesthood at the age of eighteen. In 1916 he was appointed as the prefect at the Collegio Villoresi San Giuseppe di Monza and was ordained as a priest for the Archdiocese of Milan on 19 September 1925. Monza worked in the parish of Vedano Olona with adolescents in religious oratories.
In the 1920s the Fascists accused Monza of having planned an attack on the local magistrate and as a result he was apprehended and imprisoned. But he was acquitted and released four months after his imprisonment.
Monza was transferred in 1929 to Saronno and worked with adolescents in a range of local initiatives. He referred to the modern world as being "paganized". He was sent in 1936 to Lecco where he became a popular priest and was available for the needs of the sick and the poor. In World War II he spent his time tending to the victims while attempting to protect the parishioners from the horrors of the conflict. Monza founded his new religious congregation in 1937 in order to promote his pastoral mission and to tend to the plight of the poor. The order was quick to spread in places such as Ecuador and Sudan.
Monza died of a heart attack on 29 September 1954. His remains were placed in Como but were relocated in 1964.

## Beatification

The beatification process commenced in Milan after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted formal approval to the introduction of the cause on 23 June 1987 after giving the "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause. This move granted Monza the title of Servant of God - the official first phase in the proceedings. The diocesan process that ensured opened on 24 November 1987, and concluded its work in 1991. The C.C.S. validated the process in 1993 in Rome and initiated the so-called "Roman Phase".
The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1997 in order for the latter to commence their own investigation into Monza's life and assess his cause. On 20 December 2003 he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II approved the fact that Monza had lived a life of heroic virtue.
The required miracle needed for beatification was investigated in the diocese of its origin and received C.C.S. validation on 8 November 1996. It received the papal approval of Pope Benedict XVI on 19 December 2005, and allowed for a beatification to take place. Monza was beatified in Milan on 30 April 2006. Cardinal José Saraiva Martins presided on the behalf of the pope.
The current postulator assigned to the cause is the Rev. Shijo Kanjirathamkunnel.
# Ampataka

Ampataka is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vangaindrano, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 19,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. It is also a site of industrial-scale mining. The majority 93% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 1% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are cassava and coffee, while other important agricultural products are pepper and rice. Industry and services provide employment for 1% and 5% of the population, respectively.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
23°21′S 47°28′E﻿ / ﻿23.350°S 47.467°E﻿ / -23.350; 47.467
* This Atsimo-Atsinanana location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Fidelis Thaliath

Fidelis Thaliath (1929 – 2008), popularly known as "Doctoramma" ("Mother Doctor"), was an Indian religious sister, gynecologist and social reformer who worked among the destitute people in Delhi. She was declared Servant of God in 2021.

## Early years

Fidelis Thaliath was born as Kochuthresia in 1929 in Puthanpally, a village in the then Cochin State, now part of the south Indian state of Kerala to Joseph Thaliath and Mariamkkutty. She joined the religious congregation, Sisters of the Destitute in 1952 and took the perpetual vow of chastity in 1956. In 1964, she moved to Chicago where she joined the Loyola University to obtain a medical degree in Gynecology. Subsequently, she returned to India to start her career as a medical professional in Holy Angels' Nursing Home in Delhi but returned to Chicago in 1973 to complete her master's degree in 1977.

## Social career

Returning to India in 1977, she founded the Jivodya Hospital, which was built on a plot of land in Ashok Vihar in Delhi, bought with a gift of US$ 1000 she had received for purchasing a car and served there in the Department of Gynecology. During her time in Delhi, she was involved in several social activities, focusing on helping the destitute people and founded two centres, one to house the poor women in Vikaspuri and the other, a home for the handicapped children in Ghaziabad.

## Spirituality

Hers was a life set aside for the underprivileged and the needy. Nourished by the sacrament of eucharist and rosary in her hands, she walked through the streets of Delhi, caring for the sick and the abandoned. She not only took care of them and provided medicines, but also prayed for them. Her selfless service brought meaning to the lives of so many poor patients, especially the lepers.
Thaliath died on January 17, 2008, at the age of 79. Loyola University Chicago, her alma mater, have since instituted a scholarship, Class Of 1960 Sister Fidelis Thaliath, MD, Medical Student Scholarship Fund, in her honor.

## Cause of canonization

Thaliath is reported to have performed several miracles which are being considered and verified by Syro-Malabar Catholic Church and her social and religious contributions were considered by the church while deciding upon initiation of her canonization process. As the first step towards canonization, she was declared Servant of God by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church on 14 July 2021 in the archdiocese of Faridabad by the Archbishop Mar Kuriakose Bharanikulangara.
# Bartlettsville, Indiana

Bartlettsville is an unincorporated community in Pleasant Run Township, Lawrence County, Indiana, United States.

## History

Bartlettsville was platted in 1860 by Samuel J. Bartlett, and named for him. A post office was established at Bartlettsville in 1886, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1905.
# Fred Watson (Australian footballer)

Frederick George Watson (3 March 1882 – 8 July 1968) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Bąki

Bąki may refer to the following villages in Poland:
* Bąki, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Bąki, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Bąki, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Bąki, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
# Finsterwalde (Niederlausitz) station

Finsterwalde (Niederlausitz) station is a railway station in the municipality of Finsterwalde, located in the Elbe-Elster district in Brandenburg, Germany.
# Oxidase test

The oxidase test is used to determine whether an organism possesses the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. The test is used as an aid for the differentiation of Neisseria, Moraxella, Campylobacter and Pasteurella species (oxidase positive). It is also used to differentiate pseudomonads from related species.

## Classification

Strains may be either oxidase-positive (OX+) or oxidase-negative (OX-).

### OX+

OX+ normally means the bacterium contains cytochrome c oxidase (also known as Complex IV) and can therefore use oxygen for energy production by converting O$_2$ to H$_2$O$_2$ or H$_2$O with an electron transfer chain.
The Pseudomonadaceae are typically OX+.
The Gram-negative diplococci Neisseria and Moraxella are oxidase-positive.
Many Gram-negative, spiral curved rods are also oxidase-positive, which includes Helicobacter pylori, Vibrio cholerae, and Campylobacter jejuni.

### Oxidase variable

Legionella pneumophila may be oxidase-positive.

### OX−

OX− normally means the bacterium does not contain cytochrome c oxidase and, therefore, either cannot use oxygen for energy production with an electron transfer chain or employs a different cytochrome for transferring electrons to oxygen.
Enterobacteriaceae are typically OX−.

## Mechanism

The test uses disks impregnated with a reagent such as N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, TMPD (or N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, DMPD, which is also a redox indicator). The reagent is a dark-blue to maroon color when oxidized, and colorless when reduced. Oxidase-positive bacteria possess cytochrome oxidase or indophenol oxidase (an iron-containing hemoprotein). These both catalyze the transport of electrons from donor compounds (NADH) to electron acceptors (usually oxygen). The test reagent TMPD acts as an artificial electron donor for the enzyme oxidase. The oxidized reagent forms the colored compound indophenol blue. The cytochrome system is usually only present in aerobic organisms that are capable of using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. The end-product of this metabolism is either water or hydrogen peroxide (broken down by catalase).

### Procedures

* Wet each disk with about four inoculating loops of deionized water.
* Use a loop to aseptically transfer a large mass of pure bacteria to the disk.
* Observe the disk for up to three minutes. If the area of inoculation turns dark-blue to maroon to almost black, then the result is positive. If a color change does not occur within three minutes, the result is negative.
In alternative manner, live bacteria cultivated on trypticase soy agar plates may be prepared using sterile technique with a single-line streak inoculation. The inoculated plates are incubated at 37 °C for 24–48 hours to establish colonies. Fresh bacterial preparations should be used. After colonies have grown on the medium, 2-3 drops of the reagent DMPD are added to the surface of each organism to be tested.
* A positive test (OX+) will result in a color change violet to purple, within 10–30 seconds.
* A negative test (OX-) will result in a light-pink or absence of coloration.
# Euglandina livida

Euglandina livida is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.
# Luigi Moretti (archbishop)

Luigi Moretti (born 7 February 1949) is an Italian Catholic archbishop. He was the Archbishop of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno from 2010 to 2019.

## Biography

Luigi Moretti was born on 7 February 1949 in the comune of Cittareale in the region of Lazio, Italy.

### Priestly ministry

In 1960, Moretti entered the Pontifical Roman Minor Seminary from which he graduated in 1968. He was ordained a priest at the Pontifical Roman Major Seminary on 30 November 1974 by Cardinal Ugo Poletti.
He then received a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the Pontifical Lateran University and a licentiate in moral theology from the Alphonsian Academy.
From 1974 to 1978, he was Assistant to the Pontifical Roman Major Seminary. From 1976 to 1980, he taught moral theology at the St. Bonaventure Theological Faculty at the Regina Mundi Institute. Between 1978 and 1983, he was parochial vicar in the Parish of St. Lucia.

### Episcopal ministry

On 3 July 1998, Pope John Paul II appointed Moretti Titular Bishop of Mopta, granting him the position of prelate secretary of the Vicariate of Rome and appointing him an auxiliary bishop of Rome for the central sector of the diocese.
He was consecrated a bishop in the Papal Archbasilica of St. John Lateran on 12 September 1998 by Cardinal Camillo Ruini.
From 17 October 2003, he held the position of Vicegerent of Rome and in 2004, he assumed the role of auxiliary bishop for the eastern sector of the diocese.
Moretti also held the position of ecclesiastical assistant to Pius Sodalizio dei Piceni, was a member of the committee for the foundation of religion and worship of called Istituto Guido and Bice Schillaci Ventura, was on the council for economic affairs of the Diocese of Rome, was the episcopal president of the family and life commission of the Lazio Episcopal Conference, was a member of the family and life commission of the Italian Episcopal Conference, and was the national ecclesiastical assistant to UNITALSI.
On 10 June 2010, he was appointed Archbishop of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Additionally, he took the title ex officio of Primate of the Kingdom of Naples.
# Amphientometae

Amphientometae is an infraorder of psocids, one of two major division of the Troctomorpha within the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera). There are about 7 families and at least 230 described species in Amphientometae.

## Families

These seven families belong to the infraorder Amphientometae:
* Amphientomidae Enderlein, 1903 (tropical barklice)
* Compsocidae Mockford, 1967
* Manicapsocidae Mockford, 1967
* Musapsocidae Mockford, 1967
* Protroctopsocidae Smithers, 1972
* Troctopsocidae Mockford, 1967
* † Electrentomidae Enderlein, 1911
# Bagriltsi

Bagriltsi is a village in Krumovgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria. It is situated in the region Khaskovo in Bulgaria.

## Landmarks

Near Krumovgrad Thracian sanctuaries and tombs can be located, as well as cemeteries and medieval castles. The area also offers the opportunity for developing rural and eco tourism.
# Bartlettia

Bartlettia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It contains the single species Bartlettia scaposa, known commonly as the Bartlett daisy. It is native to Mexico and to New Mexico and Texas in the United States.
This species is an annual herb growing up to about 25 centimeters tall with upright stems branching at the base. Most of the leaves are near the bases of the stems. They have blades of various shapes, sometimes divided into three lobes, with serrated edges. The solitary flower head has 5 to 13 yellow ray florets and up to 90 yellow or purple-tinged disc florets. The fruit is a cypsela which may be over a centimeter long, including its pappus of bristles.
The plant grows on grasslands and playas. It flowers in summer and fall, especially after rain.
# Frederick Dutton, 5th Baron Sherborne

Frederick George Dutton, 5th Baron Sherborne (28 May 1840 – 2 January 1920), was a British peer and clergyman. He was born in Bibury, and died in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.

## Background

Sherborne was the son of James Dutton, 3rd Baron Sherborne, of Sherborne, Gloucestershire, by his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard (1803–1845), daughter of Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, and Hon. Elizabeth Jane Dutton.

## Career

Barrister, Lincoln's Inn 1867; ordained 1869; Curate, Sonning 1869–70; Vicar of Sherborne 1870–74 and of Bibury 1874–1916; Honorary Canon, Gloucester Cathedral 1901–1920.

## Ornithology

A keen ornithologist, he was President of the Avicultural Society from 1895 to 1920. He is best known in the aviary world for the notes he provided for W.T. Greene's book Parrots in Captivity, published in three volumes between 1884 and 1887. At his home in Bibury he had a large collection of parrots. He was also an adjudicator for British and foreign birds, at many exhibitions held at the Crystal Palace in south London. He contributed to issues of the Avicultural Magazine, under the heading "Parrot Notes".

## Family

Sherborne never married and died on 2 January 1920, aged 79. He was succeeded in the barony by his nephew, James Dutton, 6th Baron Sherborne, son of Colonel Hon. Charles Dutton (1842–1909), the younger (and by then deceased) brother of Edward and Frederick.
He donated several pieces to the British Museum.
# CC398

CC398 or MRSA CC398 is a new variant of MRSA that has emerged in animals and is found in intensively reared production animals (primarily pigs, but also cattle and poultry), where it can be transmitted to humans as LA-MRSA (livestock-associated MRSA). A 2009 study shows, however, that dissemination of CC398 from exposed humans to other, non-exposed humans is infrequent. Though dangerous to humans, CC398 is often asymptomatic in food-producing animals. In a single study conducted in Denmark, MRSA was shown to originate in livestock and spread to humans, though the MRSA strain may have originated in humans and was transmitted to livestock.
A 2011 study reported 47% of the meat and poultry sold in surveyed U.S. grocery stores was contaminated with S. aureus, and of those 5–24.4% of the total were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. "Now we need to determine what this means in terms of risk to the consumer," said Dr. Keim, a co-author of the paper. Some samples of commercially sold meat products in Japan were also found to harbor MRSA strains.
An investigation of 100 pig-meat samples purchased from major UK retailers conducted by the Guardian in 2015 showed that some 10% of the samples were contaminated.
In 2017 17 out of 401 examined horses in Denmark were found to carry MRSA, typically strains of CC398. The same year it was reported that from 2014–2016 44 persons in Denmark were infected with LA-MRSA from fur farming mink and that LA-MRSA was found in 88% of Danish pig herds.