OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# House of Bourbon-Maine

The House of Bourbon-Maine was a legitimate branch of the House of Bourbon, being thus part of the Capetian dynasty. It was founded in 1672 when Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine was legitimised by his father, King Louis XIV of France.

## History and Founder

Louis-Auguste, founder of the House of Bourbon-Maine, was the first-born illegitimate son of Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan.
Immediately after his birth in 1670, he was entrusted to the care of Madame Scarron, one of his mother's acquaintances, who brought him to a private house on the rue de Vaugirard, close to the Luxembourg Palace, in Paris. In 1672, the king legitimised him and other younger siblings he had fathered with Mme de Montespan. At the time of his legitimation, Louis-Auguste received the title of duc du Maine.
In 1692, Louis Auguste married Anne-Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, the daughter of Henry III Jules de Bourbon, prince de Condé.

## The Children of the duc du Maine

Louis-Auguste and his wife had seven children, only three of whom lived to adulthood. All died without issue.
* Mademoiselle de Dombes, (11 September 1694 – 15 September 1694);
* Louis Constantin de Bourbon, prince de Dombes, (Château de Versailles, 17 November 1695 – 28 September 1698);
* Mademoiselle d'Aumale, (1697 – 24 August 1699);
* Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, prince de Dombes, (château de Versailles, 4 March 1700 – 1 October 1755);
* Louis-Charles de Bourbon, comte d'Eu, (Château de Sceaux, 15 October 1701 – château de Sceaux, 13 July 1775);
* Charles de Bourbon, duc d'Aumale, (château de Versailles, 31 March 1704 – château de Sceaux, September 1708);
* Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, titled Mademoiselle du Maine, (château de Versailles, 4 December 1707 – Château d'Anet, 19 August 1743).
The House of Bourbon-Maine became extinct at the death of Louis Charles de Bourbon, comte d'Eu. It had been in existence for just over a century.

## Heads of the House

| Descendant | Birth | Marriages | Death |
| Louis Auguste de Bourbon, Légitimé de France Duc du Maine 1672–1736 | 31 March 1670 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye son of Louis XIV of France and Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan | Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon Palace of Versailles 19 May 1692 7 children | 14 May 1736 Château de Sceaux aged 66 |
| Louis Auguste de Bourbon, prince de Dombes 1736–1755 | 4 March 1700 Versailles son of Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine and Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon | never married | 1 October 1755 Fontainebleau aged 55 |
| Louis Charles de Bourbon, comte d'Eu 1755–1775 | 5 October 1701 Château de Sceaux son of Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine and Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon | never married | 13 July 1775 Château de Sceaux aged 73 |

## Ancestry

Ancestors of House of Bourbon-Maine :

## Other illegitimate houses

* Bourbon-Busset
* Bourbon-Penthièvre (extinct; cousins of the House of Bourbon-Maine through the duc du Maine's younger brother, the comte de Toulouse)
* Second house of Bourbon-Vendôme (extinct)
# Estrada index

In chemical graph theory, the Estrada index is a topological index of protein folding. The index was first defined by Ernesto Estrada as a measure of the degree of folding of a protein, which is represented as a path-graph weighted by the dihedral or torsional angles of the protein backbone. This index of degree of folding has found multiple applications in the study of protein functions and protein-ligand interactions.
The name "Estrada index" was introduced by de la Peña et al. in 2007.

## Derivation

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph of size $|V|=n$ and let $\lambda _{1}\geq \lambda _{2}\geq \cdots \geq \lambda _{n}$ be a non-increasing ordering of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix $A$. The Estrada index is defined as
    $\operatorname {EE} (G)=\sum _{j=1}^{n}e^{\lambda _{j}}$
For a general graph, the index can be obtained as the sum of the subgraph centralities of all nodes in the graph. The subgraph centrality of node $i$ is defined as
    $\operatorname {EE} (i)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(A^{k})_{ii}}{k!}}$
The subgraph centrality has the following closed form
    $\operatorname {EE} (i)=(e^{A})_{ii}=\sum _{j=1}^{n}[\varphi _{j}(i)]^{2}e^{\lambda _{j}}$
where $\varphi _{j}(i)$ is the $i$ th entry of the $j$th eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue $\lambda _{j}$. It is straightforward to realise that
    $\operatorname {EE} (G)=\operatorname {tr} (e^{A})$
# Akbaşlar

Akbaşlar can refer to:
* Akbaşlar, Dursunbey
* Akbaşlar, İnegöl
# Mid price

In financial markets, the mid-price is the average price between a seller's ask price of a stock or other commodity and the best buyer bid price of that stock or commodity.
In some cases, the mid-price will be rounded up or down to the nearest "tick" (the nearest valid tradeable price on the exchange system) for convenience purposes, and therefore not be the exact average.
# Youssoupha Ndiaye

Youssoupha Ndiaye may refer to:
* Youssoupha Ndiaye (politician) (1938–2021), Senegalese politician
* Youssoupha N'Diaye (footballer) (born 1997), Senegalese footballer
# Bormida

Bormida may refer to:
* Bormida (river), a river of northwest Italy
** Bormida di Spigno, a tributary
* Bormida, Liguria, a town in the Province of Savona, Italy
* Italian ship Bormida (A 5359), an Italian Navy water tanker commissioned in 1974
* Eliana Bórmida (born 1946), Argentine architect
# Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M

The Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the design, production, and operation of engineering artefacts for the maritime environment. The journal covers subjects including naval architecture, marine engineering, offshore/ocean engineering, coastal engineering and port engineering. It was established in 2002 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 0.458.
# Giuliano Pancaldi

Giuliano Pancaldi (born 1946) is an Italian historian of science.
Pancaldi is Professor of the History of Science, retired, at the University of Bologna. His books include:
* Darwin in Italy: Science across Cultural Frontiers.
* Volta: Science and Culture in the Age of Enlightenment.
He was a co-editor of The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science (Oxford University Press, 2003).
# Challans

Challans (French:) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. Challans station has rail connections to Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie and Nantes.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 2,500 | — |
| 1800 | 2,783 | +1.54% |
| 1806 | 2,928 | +0.85% |
| 1821 | 3,307 | +0.81% |
| 1831 | 3,288 | −0.06% |
| 1836 | 3,640 | +2.05% |
| 1841 | 3,832 | +1.03% |
| 1846 | 4,153 | +1.62% |
| 1851 | 4,135 | −0.09% |
| 1856 | 4,167 | +0.15% |
| 1861 | 4,178 | +0.05% |
| 1866 | 4,486 | +1.43% |
| 1872 | 4,631 | +0.53% |
| 1876 | 4,782 | +0.81% |
| 1881 | 4,917 | +0.56% |
| 1886 | 5,172 | +1.02% |
| 1891 | 5,274 | +0.39% |
| 1896 | 5,453 | +0.67% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 5,508 | +0.20% |
| 1906 | 5,463 | −0.16% |
| 1911 | 5,877 | +1.47% |
| 1921 | 5,407 | −0.83% |
| 1926 | 5,609 | +0.74% |
| 1931 | 5,469 | −0.50% |
| 1936 | 5,704 | +0.84% |
| 1946 | 5,643 | −0.11% |
| 1954 | 5,828 | +0.40% |
| 1962 | 6,962 | +2.25% |
| 1968 | 8,558 | +3.50% |
| 1975 | 11,794 | +4.69% |
| 1982 | 12,845 | +1.23% |
| 1990 | 14,203 | +1.26% |
| 1999 | 16,132 | +1.43% |
| 2007 | 18,035 | +1.40% |
| 2012 | 19,107 | +1.16% |
| 2017 | 20,622 | +1.54% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Notable people

* Pauline de Lézardière, born in Challans, 25 March 1754, died Proustière Castle, Poiroux, 8 February 1835. Historian.
* Constance Picaud, born in Challans, 5 July 1998. Footballer for France.

## Twin towns — sister cities

Challans is twinned with:
* Saronno, Italy (2004)
# Estrada Parque station

Estrada Parque is a Federal District Metro brazilian station on Green line. It was opened on 6 January 2019 on the already operating section of the line, from Central to Terminal Ceilândia. It is located between Concessionárias and Praça do Relógio.
# General Capdevila

General Capdevila is a village and municipality in Chaco Province in northern Argentina.
# Falls Apart (Sugar Ray song)

"Falls Apart" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray from their third studio album, 14:59 (1999). The song was released commercially in Japan as the album's second single on May 12, 1999, and was serviced to US radio on November 22, 1999, as the album's third single. "Falls Apart" reached number 29 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number five on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart. Outside the US, the single peaked at number 15 in Canada, number 33 in New Zealand, and number 54 in Australia.

## Track listings

UK and Australian CD single
* "Falls Apart" (album version) – 4:15
* "Falls Apart" (edit) – 4:18
* "Falls Apart" (instrumental) – 3:54
Japanese CD single
* "Falls Apart" (edit)
* "Falls Apart" (album version)
* "Someday" (live)
* "Every Morning" (live)

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Falls Apart" :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| Japan | May 12, 1999 | CD | AtlanticLava |
| United States | November 22, 1999 | Hot adult contemporarymodern adult contemporary radio | AtlanticLava |
| United States | November 23, 1999 | Contemporary hit radio | AtlanticLava |
| United States | December 7, 1999 | Alternative radio | AtlanticLava |
# Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element

The bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of the genome of the bamboo mosaic virus. This element is thought to be essential for efficient RNA replication.
# Populist Party

Populist Party may refer to:

## Asian and European political parties and movements

* Croatian Popular Party (1919), a Croatian right-wing party also known as Croatian Populist Party
* Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party, an Indonesian populist party supportive of Pancasila ideology
* Narodnik, a movement in late Tsarist Russia, whose name can be translated as "Populist" and whose ideology has been referenced as "Populism", in scholarly literature
* People's Party (Greece), a conservative-monarchist early 20th century Greek party, whose name can be translated as Populist Party
* People's Party (Spain), a conservative party in Spain
* Populist Party (France), a nationalist and eurosceptic organization in France
* Populist Party (Northern Cyprus), a defunct party in Northern Cyprus
* Populist Party (Turkey), a former social democratic Turkish political party translated both as People's Party and as Populist Party
* Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey), a former social democratic Turkish political party
* Vietnam Populist Party, a pro-democracy party in Vietnam, called For The Vietnamese People Party by the state media

## North American political parties

* People's Party (United States) or Populist Party (1887–1908), a radical agrarian-oriented American political party
* People's Party (United States, 1971) (1973–1976), sometimes also called Populist Party; inspired by the People's Party of the 1887–1908 period
* People's Party of Georgia (US) or Populist Party of Georgia, the Georgia chapter of the 19th- and early 20th-century American Populist Party
* Populist Party (United States, 1984) (1984–1996), a far-right political party
* Populist Party Ontario, a minor provincial political party in Ontario, Canada
# New Year's Day (1989 film)

New Year's Day is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Henry Jaglom. It was entered into the main competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival.

## Plot

Set entirely inside a New York City apartment on a snowy New Years Day, Drew is a recently divorced, middle-aged Hollywood writer/director who arrives back in New York looking for a path to start his life over and upon arriving at his old apartment, finds three young women residing there until the end of the day. They are the free-spirited Lucy, a multi-career woman and part-time actress who wants to move to Hollywood to start her life over; Annie is a photographer and Lucy's best friend who wants to move to L.A. with Lucy, but is unsure at what she wants to do with her life; Winona is a 30-year-old magazine editor who feels her biological clock ticking and wants to start a family. An assortment of people soon arrive at the apartment for a party where they talk amongst each other about their stance in life in which Drew sees the inspiration from the conversations on deciding to start his life over.

## Cast

* Maggie Jakobson as Lucy
* Gwen Welles as Annie
* Melanie Winter as Winona
* Henry Jaglom as Drew
* David Duchovny as Billy
* Miloš Forman as Lazlo
* Michael Emil as Dr. Stadthagen
* Tracy Reiner as Marjorie
* James DePreist as Lucy's shrink
# Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society

The Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society is an annual series that publishes a selection of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the association's annual conference.

## About

Each volume contains papers in the following areas:
* Business Ethics
* Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Performance
* Environmental Management and Regulation
* Corporate Governance Issues
* Stakeholder Issues and Theory
* Public Affairs and Public Policy
* Teaching and Research Issues
The International Association for Business and Society is a learned society that supports research and teaching about the relationships between business, government, and society. It has published these Proceedings for its members since 1990, first in print format and then on CD-ROM. The series is now only published in electronic format, and volumes 16 (2005) to the present are available online from the Philosophy Documentation Center. Contributors include Donna Wood, Duane Windsor, James Weber, Steven Wartick, Mark Starik, Sanjay Sharma, Kathleen Rehbein, Gordon Rands, Robert Phillips, John Mahon, Jeanne Logsdon, Anne Lawrence, Bryan Husted, and Virginia Gerde.
# Pozas, Ciales, Puerto Rico

Pozas is a barrio in the municipality of Ciales, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,430.

## History

Pozas was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Pozas barrio was 2,796.

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Pozas barrio:
Sector Blacho, Sector Cascana, Sector Capilla, Sector Cuesta Mata, Sector El Cedro, Sector El Gundo, Sector El Hoyo, Sector Frontera, Sector Las Lomas, Sector Llanadas, Sector Manicaboa, and Sector Villanueva.
# Chalcosyrphus rondanii

Chalcosyrphus rondanii is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Bolivia.
# Clambus villosus

Clambus villosus is a species of fringe-winged beetle endemic to Sri Lanka.

## Description

This medium-sized species has a body length is about 1.1 mm. Body dark brown in color. Ventrum and clypeus clothed with long, distinct semierect hairy pubescence. Other parts of dorsum is bare and clothed with very short, and fine, dark hairs. Head convex, and eye are large. Body surface is smooth and shiny near the eyes. Pronotum convex with indistinctly shagreened surface. The lateral margins of the elytra is very evenly arcuate. Abdominal sternites are shiny with short pubescence. Anal sternite consists with distinct hairy tufts.
# General Carey

General Carey may refer to:
* George Glas Sandeman Carey (1867–1948), British Army major general
* George Jackson Carey (1822–1872), British Army major general
* Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (1526–1596), captain general to Queen Elizabeth
* Joel Carey (fl. 2010s–2020s), U.S. Air Force brigadier general
* Michael Carey (United States Air Force officer) (born 1960), U.S. Air Force major general
* Richard E. Carey (born 1928), U.S. Marine Corps lieutenant general
* Robert Carey (British Army officer) (1821–1883), British Army major general
# Cycas lane-poolei

Cycas lane-poolei is a species of cycad. It was first recognised in 1923 by Charles A. Gardner, the Western Australian government botanist, after a 1921 expedition to the Kimberley region. It is named after Charles Lane Poole.
# Polystira oxytropis

Polystira oxytropis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.

## Description

The horn-colored shell contains several sharp keels and numerous spiral raised lines. The upper keel is the strongest, angulating the whorls, the surface concave above it.
P. oxytropis is considered an "umbrella species" with considerable diversity as shown by DNA sequence data coupled with conchological studies.

## Distribution

This is an Eastern Pacific species, occurring off Western Mexico, in the Gulf of Panama and the Pacific coast of Colombia.
# Gleadovia konyakianorum

Gleadovia konyakianorum is a species of parasitic plant native to the Mon district in Nagaland, India.
The species named in honour of the Konyak people in Nagaland.

## Description

The species is a holoparasite, meaning that it derives its entire nutritional requirement from its host plant, which is a species of the genes Strobilanthes. It has no chlorophyll, but has a vascular system and absorbs nutrients from the host plant using a haustorium. The species is a root parasite, grows up to a height of 10 cm and bears white and tubular flowers.
# Richard Docherty

Richard Docherty (1899–1979) was a Catholic priest who established the mission at Port Keats, now known as Wadeye in the Northern Territory of Australia.

## Timeline

In 1899, Docherty was born in Urwin, Western Australia. 28 years later, in 1927, he was ordained as a priest, Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (M.S.C.). A year later, he moved to Darwin, and then to Werntek Nganayi 7 years later, in 1935. 4 years after this, in 1939, he moved to Wadeye, where he stayed for 19 years, his longest place of residence since being ordained. In 1958, he moved to the city of Sydney, over 2500 miles away, where he stayed for a year before moving to Hammond Island, a small island in the Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea. He remained here for 9 years, before returning to the town of Darwin in 1968. 4 years later, he moved south to Daly River. In 1978, he was awarded the Order of Australia, becoming a Member of the Order of Australia. He died the following year, while visiting Perth, and was buried in Wadeye.
# Eugene Blackmon Jr.

Eugene Blackmon Jr. was a Chicago firefighter and scuba diver, who died in the course of duty, on May 19, 1998. On July 31, 2017, the Chicago Fire Department named a new fireboat the Eugene Blackmon, in his honor.

## Early life

Blackmon was born in Chicago, and grew up on Chicago's south side. He attended Harlan High School, Chicago State University, and qualified to work as a lifeguard and a scuba instructor.

## Career

Prior to joining the Chicago Fire Department, in 1987, Blackmon had worked for several years as a lifeguard, and later was a bus driver for the Chicago Transit Authority.

## Death

After a man was reported to have accidentally entered the Little Calumet River, and another man disappeared, after diving in, in a rescue attempt, Blackmon and three other Fire Department divers were assigned to look for them.
During his third dive Blackmon surfaced, with his equipment askew. Colleagues weren't able to immediately retrieve him. When he was retrieved he had been submerged for ten minutes, after being airlifted to a nearby hospital he was pronounced dead on arrival.

## Legacy

The Chicago Fire Department created an annual award in Blackmon's name, given to firefighter candidates who were perceived to have shown leadership.
On July 31, 2017, Blackmon's family participated in the christening of new fireboat, named after Blackmon.
# Fabrique d'armes Émile et Léon Nagant

The Fabrique d'armes Émile et Léon Nagant, later known as L. Nagant & Cie, Liège, was a Belgian firm established in Liège in 1859 as a manufacturer of firearms and later automobiles.

## History

The company was originally founded by brothers Émile (1830–1902) and Léon (1833–1900) as an industrial repair business, which included repairing damaged firearms. In 1867, the Nagant brothers entered the firearms market when their company received a license to produce 5,000 Remington Rolling Block rifles for the Papal Zouaves; they later adapted the rolling-block design to produce double-barreled shotguns under the name "Remington-Nagant". The company is best known for Émile's contribution to the design of the Mosin–Nagant Russian service rifle, adopted in 1891. This introduction to the Tsar's military administration led to the adoption, in 1895, of the Nagant M1895 revolver (designed by Léon) as their standard-issue sidearm. The following year, Émile's progressive blindness led to his retirement from the firm which was renamed to "L. Nagant & Cie, Liège", with Léon being joined by his sons Charles and Maurice.

## Car manufacture

Later, the firm moved to the manufacture of automobiles; Nagant began with building cars under licence of the French firm Gobron-Brillies and later Rochet-Schneider. Nagant cars were made from 1900 to 1928. Overhead-valve engines appeared after World War I, at which point the company was making around 200 cars per year. The firm was purchased by Impéria Automobiles in 1931.
# Newtown, New York

Newtown, New York may refer to:
* Elmhurst, Queens, New York, named Newtown prior 1897
* Elmira, New York, named Newtown prior to 1808
* A community on the Cattaraugus Reservation, Erie County, New York
# Glabrella

Glabrella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae.
Its native range is southern China.
Species:
* Glabrella bogaoi (S.W.Li & Yan Liu
* Glabrella leiophylla (F.Wen & Y.G.Wei) F.Wen, Y.G.Wei & Mich.Möller
* Glabrella longipes (Hemsl.) Mich.Möller & W.H.Chen
* Glabrella mihieri (Franch.) Mich.Möller & W.H.Chen
# Centrolene muelleri

Centrolene muelleri is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Peru and is known from the divide between the Huallaga and Marañón drainages, in the San Martín and Amazonas departments. The specific name muelleri honors Paul S. Müller, professor from Saarland University who supported Schulte's field work in Peru. This species is also known as Muller's giant glass frog and Müller's giant glass frog.

## Habitat and conservation

Centrolene muelleri occurs in cloud forest at elevations of 1,830–2,050 m (6,000–6,730 ft) above sea level and in associated with streams. Calling males have been observed on the upper surfaces of leaves 0.5–2.5 m (2–8 ft) above the water. Egg clutches are probably laid on leaves above streams.
This species seems to be associated with undisturbed habitats. It is probably negatively affected by habitat loss that is occurring in its range. Chytridiomycosis might also be a risk. It could be present in the Alto Mayo Protection Forest.
# Hteinson

Hteinson is a village in Banmauk Township, Katha District, in the Sagaing Region of northern-central Burma.