OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paintings of Amsterdam by Vincent van Gogh

In October 1885 Vincent van Gogh made a series of paintings of Amsterdam during a visit: View of Amsterdam from Central Station (title of painting in Dutch: Stadsgezicht in Amsterdam) and The De Ruijterkade in Amsterdam (in Dutch: De Ruijterkade te Amsterdam).

## Amsterdam visit

Van Gogh traveled to Amsterdam by train in early October 1885 where he spent much of his three days there at Rijksmuseum exploring the work of Frans Hals, Rembrandt and other known artists. Van Gogh was impressed by the bright colors used by Frans Hals. When he went to Paris, less than a year later, he started using brighter colors himself, like the painting Trees on a slope (in Dutch: Oever met bomen).
While in Amsterdam his travel companion shopped at Van Gogh's Uncle Cor's business, but he did not enter the store, likely due to strained relations after Van Gogh's experiences in The Hague. Van Gogh's art dealer uncle, Cornelis Marinus, commissioned 20 ink drawings of the city, which the artist completed by the end of May but were not acceptable to his uncle. To further complicate matters, Van Gogh had a falling-out with cousin-in-law, Anton Mauve, who had funded a studio for Van Gogh and provided training and guidance in developing his artistic skills. Mauve and his family did not approve of his domestic relationship with prostitute Sien Hoornik.

### Created paintings

While in Amsterdam he completed two paintings View of Amsterdam from Central Station and The De Ruijterkade in Amsterdam. He wrote about these paintings: "The small panels I painted in Amsterdam were done in a great hurry. One even in the waiting room of the station, when I was too early for the train, the other in the morning, before I went to the museum at 10 o'clock. Yet I am sending them to you, look upon them as 'Dutch tiles,' on which something is dashed off in a few strokes."
In March 2024 it was announced that the Rijksmuseum received the paintings View of Amsterdam from Central Station together with the paintings Trees on a slope and Wheat Field (in Dutch Korenveld; one of the Wheat Fields paintings) on loan for a long period of time.
* View of Amsterdam from Central Station, October 1885, P. and N. de Boer Foundation, Amsterdam (F113)
* The De Ruijterkade in Amsterdam, 1885, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (F211)
# Frederick Laskey

Frederick A. Laskey is a Massachusetts government official, who currently serves as the Director of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, and previously served as the Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts from 1998 to 1999.

## Career

Before becoming the Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts in 1998, Laskey served as Senior Deputy Commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Revenue from 1994 to 1998, and was designated by the Commissioner to serve as Assistant Secretary in the Executive Office for Administration and Finance.

## Personal life

Laskey holds a degree in political science and history, from University of Massachusetts at Boston.
# Germania Männerchor

The Germania Männerchor, later the Lincoln Club and the Germania Club, was a male choral cooperative society formed by German immigrants in Chicago. The group performed vocal music, music accompanied by an orchestra, and music for social dancing, later transforming to a private social club. It was one of the most popular singing groups in Chicago.

## History

The group was originally formed in 1865 by Otto Lob to perform songs while the body of Abraham Lincoln lay in state in Chicago before being buried in Springfield. When the group formally organized later that year as Germania Männerchor, Lob was elected as its first conductor. By 1868 the group had voted to make Hans Balatka, who had previously been a member and conductor of the Philharmonic Society, an honorary member. Lob and some members of Germania Mannerchor split and formed the Concordia music society. The two groups maintained a rivalry, producing a number of high quality productions of operas such as The Magic Flute (by Concordia) and Der Freischuetz and Stradella (by Germania Männerchor). Each of the choruses had over a hundred members. The group performed in locations ranging from the short-lived Crosby Opera House to open air productions.
The group was part of a widespread tradition of local ethnic music and social groups across the United States during the 19th Century with ensembles of the same name existing in Baltimore, Maryland, Washington, DC, New York, Saginaw, MI, and Evansville, Indiana. The Chicago-based Germania Männerchor participated in the 1867 Nord-Amerikanischer Sängerbund held in Indianapolis, performing the works of Franz Abt under the baton of Balatka.
In 1871, Balatka left to join the Liederkranz, and was replaced by Julius Fuchs. The Concordia chorus merged back with Germania Mannerchor in 1873. In 1875, they performed a concert with Theodore Thomas directing. Henry Schoenefeld became the conductor in 1879. Of the number of choral societies in Chicago that existed prior to 1871, only the Germania Mannerchor was still in existence as of 1893.
In 1889, the group built the Germania Club Building on Germania Place in the Near North Side of Chicago. It produced a catalog of the 500 books in its library and a 1903 Yearbook in German. The club purchased German related architectural items to furnish the club, including an 18 foot tall section of Manufacturer's Building from the World's Columbian Exposition which had been made by a German porcelain company and 18 inch tall wooden panels that measured up to 11 feet long decorated with intricate carvings of scenes from Wagner's operas that had originally been created for a Chicago mansion.
With the anti-German rhetoric that accompanied American entry into World War I, the group changed its name to the Lincoln Club in 1917. It became the Germania Club in 1928. The group evolved from a choral ensemble that collected books and material relating to the German experience in America, to an almost purely social club which developed a reputation as one of the leading private clubs of Chicago. The club disbanded in 1986.

## Notable members

Notable members have included:
* Fred A. Busse (circa 1905)
# Grenville Cole

Grenville Arthur James Cole FRS, FGS, MRIA (21 October 1859 – 20 April 1924) was an English geologist. He was from 1890 the Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the Royal College of Science for Ireland, and from 1905 he became the fifth Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland.
Cole was born in London, and was the son of John Jenkins Cole (1815–1897) an architect, and Anna Maria Josephine Smith (c.1832-1903).
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917. He served as President of the Geographical Association 1919–1920, and in 1921 became the president of the Irish Geographical Association.
Cole supported women in their geological studies, including by teaching at Bedford College, London between 1886 and 1890. Mabel Crawford MacDowall was one of Cole's students at the Royal College of Science for Ireland. She married William Bourke Wright, a geologist. She then deployed her talents in the Geological Survey by studying fossils from the Leinster coalfield, and publishing a paper in 1920, under the Directorship of Cole (Herries Davis, 1995). Blanche Vernon was also one of Cole's students. Eventually Cole and Vernon were married, and she produced fine drawings of his thin section petrography, to illustrate his published papers (Wyse Jackson, 1989).

## Works

* The Gypsy road; a journey from Krakow to Coblentz (1894)
* Open-air studies in geology (1902)
* Aids in practical geology (nd) 5th ed. 1906
* The changeful earth; an introduction to the record of the rocks (1911)
* Outlines of mineralogy for geological students (1913)
* The growth of Europe (1914)
* Ireland, the outpost (1919)
* General guide to the natural history collections : description of the raised map of Ireland (1920)
* Rocks and Their Origins (1924)
* Common Stones – unconventional essays in geology (not dated, 1921 ?)
# Film.ru

Film.ru, sometimes known in Russian as Фильм.ру, is a Russian web portal dedicated to cinema. The website publishes news, analytical articles, Russian film showtimes, box office performances, film reviews and maintains a film and tv show database. Founded in December 1999, it is one of the oldest Russian websites still operating that is dedicated to the film industry.
According to the Russian review aggregator Kritikanstvo, Film.ru has published over 3,000 film reviews.

## History

Film.ru was created in 1999 by Sergei Aksyonov (born 6 September 1975) who also created the websites Arthouse.ru and Video Guide. The website was managed by Film LLC until 2006, when the website was acquired by Entertime. In 2007, Anton Kostylev was appointed editor-in-chief of Film.ru. During this time, the web traffic for the website tripled.
In 2013, Boris Khokhlov, former editor-in-chief of Total DVD and Russian Empire, became the editor-in-chief of Film.ru, after which the site had an independent editorial board. The site also began regular publications of articles and film reviews. Since July 2018, Ekaterina Karslidi, who previously worked on the Russian film website Cinemaholics, has been the editor-in-chief.
# Ficus septica

Ficus septica, also known as the Hauili fig tree, is a species of shrub or tree in the family Moraceae found at low altitudes from north-eastern India to northern Australia (Queensland), and throughout Malesia. It lives on the edge of the vegetation, often in degraded environments. The seeds of this species are dispersed by numerous species, including fruit bats (Megachiroptera) when present.

## Taxonomy

Ficus septica was described first by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. Two centuries later, E. J. H. Corner listed three varieties for Ficus septica: F. septica var. septica distributed all over the range of the species; F. septica var. cauliflora limited to Queensland, Australia and the Solomon Islands; and F. septica var. salicifolia endemic to the Philippines Islands. Then in the latest Flora Malesiana edition, Cornelis Christiaan Berg put all these varieties in synonymy together under the name Ficus septica. Within the genus, Ficus septica belongs to the subgenus Sycomorus section Sycocarpus subsection Sycocarpus.

## Description

Tree or shrub up to 25 meters. The latex of F. septica is characteristically yellow. Leaves and petioles are both glabrous. Leaves are symmetric, elliptic to oblong. Figs grow often in pairs but can be solitary or in groups of up to four. Figs are depressed-globose to ellipsoid, the apex is flat or concave. Seven to twelve ribs towards to ostiole. At maturity, whitish to yellowish dots appear on the fig. The individuals from Philippines have their stems covered by short hairs while those found in Taiwan are glabrous.

## Habitat

Ficus septica trees live up to 1800m in montane forests or secondary growth environments. It can be seen often along rivers. In Taiwan, at the northern limit of its distribution, F. septica lives up to 500m in secondary growths and along roads and coastlines.

## Ecology

Ficus septica is pollinated by fig wasps from the genus Ceratosolen. Usually members of the genus Ficus are pollinated by a single species of pollinating fig wasps specific to each fig species, but recent observations of Ficus septica have shown there to be three pollinating species in southern Taiwan and two in the Philippines.
The figs of Ficus septica have been reported to be eaten by 22 animal species and among them 14 are bats:
* Double-eyed fig parrot
* Unspecified fruit dove
* Black-naped oriole
* Northern common cuscus
* Stein's cuscus
* Common spotted cuscus
* Mantled guereza
* Black rat
* Lesser short-nosed fruit bat
* Horsfield's fruit bat
* Greater short-nosed fruit bat
* Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat
* Bare-backed fruit bat
* Lesser naked-backed fruit bat
* Long-tongued nectar bat
* Long-tongued fruit bat
* Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat
* Common tube-nosed fruit bat
* Greater musky fruit bat
* Geoffroy's rousette
* Common blossom bat
# Etiocholanediol

Etiocholanediol (5β-androstanediol) may refer to:
* 3α-Etiocholanediol (5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol; etiocholane-3α,17β-diol) – an endogenous intermediate to epiandrosterone
* 3β-Etiocholanediol (5β-androstane-3β,17β-diol; etiocholane-3β,17β-diol) – an endogenous intermediate to epietiocholanolone
# Charles Édouard Delort

Charles Édouard Delort (February 4, 1841 – 1895) was a French academic painter who was born in Nimes, France. He grew up in the area around Bordeaux, and entered the naval Academy at 12 years of age. In 1859, he moved to Paris, where he studied with Jean-Léon Gérôme and with Marc-Charles-Gabriel Gleyre.
# Filipstad, Norway

Filipstad is a neighborhood in the Frogner borough in Oslo, Norway. It serves both as a major container port and ferry terminal for the city. The Oslo-Kiel ferry docks by the Hjortneskaia at Filipstad.

## History

The neighborhood grew from a single property Philipsborg, named after the pharmacist Philip Moth, around 1650. From 1805 the property belonged to the Heftye family. The villa at the site dates from 1864 and was initiated by banker Jørgen H. Heftye who commissioned the famous architect G. A. Bull for its design. The property is now represented with the mentioned building Villa Filipstad at the address Munkedamsveien 62.
The former Filipstad inlet (between Tjuvholmen and Munkedamsveien) used to serve as a place for bathing, but the water was contaminated by the Filipstad stream. From around 1870 the inlet was gradually filled in to serve as a future port.
When the Norwegian State Railways bought the area in 1909, the villa was made the residence of the company's director. After the takeover by the State the area was seriously converted into a port. In 1943 the Filipstad Accident took place here. The Drammen Line went through the area until 1980, after which it is served by the Skøyen–Filipstad Line.
The neighboring area Aker Brygge, a former ship yard, went through an urban renewal in the 1980s.

## The Fjord City

Due to the central location of Filipstad it has been suggested, in the urban renewal project The Fjord City, to convert the container port into a new urban area similar to Akerbrygge and Tjuvholmen. The Color Line cruiseferry terminal is presumed to be kept.
The almost 40 meter tall landmark building of Filipstad, the Ali Coffee roasting factory, owned by the Joh. Johannson company, is scheduled to close down in the year 2020 when the business will be relocate to new facilities outside Oslo.
The two largest landowners of Filipstad are Oslo Port Authority and Bane NOR owned Bane NOR Eiendom. In addition the Norwegian Public Roads Administration is the owner of the E18 motorway. It is disputed what to do about the traffic situation of E18 and how the outcome of this issue will influence on the Fjord City development of Filipstad.

## The name

The area is named after the pharmacist Philip Moth who owned the property around 1650 and used it as a herb garden. The last element is stad 'property; farm'.
# Germania Männerchor Volksfest

The Germania Maennerchor Volksfest is an annual German heritage festival that takes place each August in Evansville, Indiana, United States.

## History

The festival is run by the Germania Maennerchor, which is a social and singing club founded in 1900 by Evansville area immigrants from Germany. The first Volksfest was held in 1934. It was discontinued in 1941 when patriotic feelings stirred by World War II turned public opinion against anything of German culture. It was revived in 1962 as part of Evansville's sesquicentennial celebration.
The August festival lasts over the course of 3 days and consists of German food, drink, dance, and music. Many attendees dress in old world German apparel . The festival also utilizes the historic Germania Mannerchor building which is complete with a Rathskeller, Festhalle. and outdoor beer garden.
The festival went on hiatus in 2020, but was restored the next year.
# Ottavio De Liva

Ottavio De Liva (10 June 1911 – 23 August 1965) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. Early in his career, in 1950, he was expelled from Czechoslovakia as part of the young Communist government's campaign to exercise control over the Church.

## Biography

Ottavio De Liva was born on 10 June 1911 in the town of Sevegliano, Bagnaria Arsa, Province of Udine, Italy, the sixth of seven children. He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Udine on 8 July 1934.
To prepare for a diplomatic career he entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1939.
In 1950, during a period of intense conflict between the Church and the government of Czechoslovakia, De Liva, though only the secretary, was the last Vatican diplomat remaining in the nunciature. He therefore acted on behalf of the nunciature there for eight months as the government delayed approving a visa to allow the newly appointed chargé d’affaires to enter the country. The government launched a campaign of press denunciations against him in late February. On 16 March, the government ordered him to leave the country within three days; it accused him of "subversive, anti-state activity", staging phony miracles, interfering in internal affairs, and "misusing his official position". He had visited Prague Archbishop Josef Beran, under house arrest, repeatedly over several months and made another visit immediately upon receiving the order to quit the country. At the time, the New York Times described De Liva as "a 39-year-old rotund, mild-mannered Italian from Udine". In a demonstration of support, much of the diplomatic corps in Prague saw him off at the airport.
From 1950 to 1954 he worked in the Nunciature to Germany. He was the Permanent Delegate of the Holy See to the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna from 1960 to 1962.
On 18 April 1962, Pope John XXIII appointed him Apostolic Internuncio to Indonesia and titular archbishop of Heliopolis in Phoenicia. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Franz König on 27 May 1962. In Indonesia he at times negotiated directly with President Sukarno.
De Liva died in a hospital in Udine on 23 August 1965 at the age of 54.
# Etiocholanedione

Etiocholanedione, also known as 5β-androstanedione or as etiocholane-3,17-dione, is a naturally occurring etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of androgens like testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione. It is the C5 epimer of androstanedione (5α-androstanedione). Although devoid of androgenic activity like other 5β-reduced steroids, etiocholanedione has some biological activity of its own. The compound has been found to possess potent haematopoietic effects in a variety of models. In addition, it has been found to promote weight loss in animals and in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in humans conducted in 1993. These effects are said to be similar to those of DHEA. Unlike DHEA however, etiocholanedione cannot be metabolized further into steroid hormones like androgens and estrogens.
# Charles Étienne Louis Camus

Charles Étienne Louis Camus (25 August 1699 – 2 February 1768), was a French mathematician and mechanician who was born at Crécy-en-Brie, near Meaux.
He studied mathematics, civil and military architecture, and astronomy after leaving Collège de Navarre in Paris. In 1730 he was appointed professor of architecture and, in 1733, associate of the Académie des Sciences. He also became a professor of geometry, secretary to the Academy of Architecture and fellow of the Royal Society of London. In 1727 he presented a memoir to the academy on masting ships, in consequence of which he was named the same year joint mechanician to that body. In 1736 he accompanied Pierre Louis Maupertuis and Alexis Clairaut in the expedition to Lapland for the measurement of a degree of meridian arc. He was the author of a Cours de mathématiques (Paris, 1766), and a number of essays on mathematical and mechanical subjects.
In 1760 he became perpetual secretary of the academy of architecture. He was also employed in a variety of public works, and in 1765 was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society of London. He died in 1768.

## Works

* Traité des forces mouvantes ("Treatise of moving forces"); 1722.
* Opérations faites pour mesurer le degré de méridienne entre Paris et Amiens; 1757.
* Cours de mathématique ("Course of mathematics"); 3 parts, 1749–52.
** Part 1: Élémens d'arithmétique (1749).
** Part 2: Élémens de géométrie, théorique et pratique (1750).
** Part 3: Élémens de méchanique statique (1751–52).
# Ozan, Saraykent

Ozan is a town (belde) in the Saraykent District, Yozgat Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,404 (2022).
# Frea fusca

Frea fusca is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1961.
# Borderland Museum Eichsfeld

The Borderland Museum Eichsfeld is a history museum located in Central Germany at the former inner-German border between East and West Germany. It deals with the Cold War in general and the German division in specific.
The museum exhibitions are situated in a complex of buildings at a former border crossing point near Göttingen and Kassel in the Eichsfeld region.
The museum area also includes a circular hiking trail. It leads along the former Iron Curtain, which was transformed into the European Green Belt after the Cold War had ended.

## Historical development

After the end of World War II, defeated Germany was divided into four occupation zones. The Eichsfeld region and many families who lived here were separated by the British and the Soviet zone, and from 1949 onwards by the two German states.
As early as the 1950s and '60s, the Eichsfeld region was the site of mass expulsions from the border area and dramatic escape attempts from East to West Germany. What started as a demarcation line turned into a heavily guarded border with barbed wire fences, minefields and observation towers.
Here a border crossing point was established in summer 1973, which was used by millions of travellers, mostly West Germans, until the opening of the GDR borders in 1989. Passport controls were abandoned shortly after midnight on 10 November 1989, resulting from the fall of the Berlin Wall.
In July 1990, three months ahead of the German reunification, the border and its crossing point had lost their purpose.

## Exhibition

At this historical place the Borderland Museum Eichsfeld was opened in 1995. It is located in the original buildings of the former border crossing point, allowing its visitors to see the original rooms, such as the passport checking rooms and the detention cells.
The museum presents various aspects of the history of the GDR and the division of Germany on an area of 1000 square metres. All the information in the museum is displayed in both German and English.
The permanent exhibition deals with the division of Germany, the GDR border regime and the everyday life of East and West Germans living in the border area. Further topics include the organization of state and society in communist East Germany and the role of the Stasi as well as the Peaceful Revolution and the border opening in 1989.
Additionally to the permanent exhibition, the Borderland Museum also offers special exhibitions on a regular basis.
The museum has 45,000 to 60,000 visitors from all over the world every year.

## Open-air museum

A six kilometres long circular trail leads from the Borderland Museum Eichsfeld across the borderland, featuring multiple information panels about the former border. On their way along the former inner-German border, the visitors can take a look at preserved parts of the original border installations, such as observation towers of the GDR border troops and the Federal Border Guards.
As the museum is part of the European Green Belt, it also addresses ecological topics, natural borders and the ecological impact of the Iron Curtain.
# C8H12N4

The molecular formula C$_8$H$_{12}$N$_4$ (molar mass: 164.21 g/mol, exact mass: 164.1062 u) may refer to:
* Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)
* 1-(2-Pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP or 1-PmP)