OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daniel Boemle

Daniel Christian Manuel Boemle, Dänu Boemle, "Sleepy Dan", "Öml" (7 November 1960 in Bern – 21 February 2007 in Les Ponts-de-Martel) was a well-known Swiss radio DJ. He presented various shows on DRS3 between 1988 and 1994. He was also a singer, author, culture critic, and painter.

## Life

From his early childhood onwards Boemle was considered a talented painter. By the age of 22, he owned his first studio in an old farmhouse near Bern. During this period, Boemle's artistic mentor was Werner Schwarz, who had made a name for himself by creating church windows made of old glass bottles.
In 1988 Boemle successfully applied for a job with DRS 3. During his active years as a radio DJ, he was one of the most influential and acclaimed Swiss radio DJs. Like Reeto von Gunten and François Mürner, he is considered to be one of the legendary voices of DRS 3. He resigned from DRS 3 in 1994 in order to return to painting.
In his spare time Boemle was a resident DJ at various clubs around Basel, where – according to himself – people appreciated the Funk and Jazz he played.
Boemle had been living with AIDS for many years. He eventually decided to end his life with the help of a euthanasia organisation in February 2007.
He is buried in Les Ponts-de-Martel in the Jura of Neuenburg, where he had lived since 2003.
# Nikethamide

Nikethamide is a stimulant which mainly affects the respiratory cycle. Widely known by its former trade name of Coramine, it was used in the mid-twentieth century as a medical countermeasure against tranquilizer overdoses, before the advent of endotracheal intubation and positive-pressure lung expansion. It is no longer commonly considered to be of value for such purposes.
In alternate terminology, it is known as nicotinic acid diethylamide, which meaningfully emphasizes its laboratory origins, and of which its common name is derived as a blend.

## Former and current medical use

Coramine was used by suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams when treating patient Gertrude Hullett, whom he was suspected of murdering. However, the toxicity of nikethamide is quite low (LD$_{50}$ rabbits 650 mg/kg oral, LD$_{50}$ rats 240 mg/kg subcutaneous).
Theodor Morell, Adolf Hitler's personal physician, would inject the German ruler with Coramine when Hitler was unduly sedated with barbiturates. In addition, Morell would use Coramine as part of an all-purpose "tonic" for Hitler.
It is available as a short-acting over-the-counter drug in several South American and European countries, combined with glucose in form of lozenges. It is especially useful for mountain climbers to increase endurance at high altitudes. Contraindications include hypertension, cardiovascular pathologies and epilepsy.

## Use in sports

In some sports, nikethamide is listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency as a banned substance. Jaime Huélamo was stripped of his bronze medal at the 1972 Olympic individual cycling road race after testing positive for Coramine. Croatian tennis player Marin Čilić was suspended from competition for nine months after he tested positive for nikethamide in April 2013. This ban was later reduced to four months after Cilic appealed and claimed he had unintentionally ingested it in a glucose tablet bought at a pharmacy. Polish kart driver Igor Walilko was given a two-year ban, later reduced to eighteen months, from competition in 2010 due to testing positive for nikethamide after a win in Germany in July, 2010.
In July 2021, Swiss athlete and doctor Kariem Hussein was positively tested for nikethamide, which he regularly uses during training. He missed the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and was banned from competitions for nine months.
# Battle of Sarakhs (1459)

Battle of Sarakhs took place in March 1459, at a location between Merv and Sarakhs.
It was fought between the Timurids of Samarkand under Abu Sa'id Mirza and the confederacy of his rivals to Central Asian throne, the Timurids of Khurasan and Marv, namely; Ala al-Dawla Mirza, his son Ibrahim Mirza and Sultan Sanjar Mirza.

## Background

Recognizing the weakness of Timurid authority in Herat, Jahan Shah of Kara Koyunlu invaded & took the city on June 28, 1458, which was then occupied by Ibrahim Mirza's father Ala al-Dawla Mirza. But Abu Sa'id Mirza could not tolerate this occupation. After Jahan Shah had taken Herat, he was in a tough position and unable to keep it due to pressures from within his kingdom of Kara Koyunlu plus the increasing threat from Uzun Hasan of Aq Qoyunlu. He was obliged to negotiate the borders of his state with Abu Sa'id Mirza and after negotiations Jahan Shah decided to return territorial demarcation to Shah Rukh's times. Thus, Khurasan, Mazandaran and Jurjan were returned to the Timurids and Abu Sa'id Mirza returned and took Herat a second time on December 22, 1458.
While leaving the territory, however, the Turkmens ravaged Khurasan and when Abu Sa'id Mirza arrived to take Herat the people were frightened. So in order to ease their fears, he sent back the major portion of his army towards Bukhara. His rival claimants to the Kingdom of Samarkand, namely, Ala al-Dawla Mirza, his son Ibrahim Mirza and Sultan Sanjar Mirza seeing his position weakened decided to form an alliance and take this opportunity to destroy him once and for all. They planned to meet at Sarakhs and from there move forward to attack Herat.
When Abu Sa'id Mirza received intelligence of this advance, he set out to meet this threat head on despite being numerically outnumbered and sent for reinforcements.

## Battle

The battle of Sarakhs was fought when the vanguard of Ala al-Dawla Mirza, Ibrahim Mirza and Sultan Sanjar Mirza appeared between Marv and Sarakhs. Battle lines were drawn and a pitched battle ensued. Reinforcements arrived for Abu Sa'id Mirza at the right time under Amir Ali Farsi and Amir Syed Asil with the help of whom he defeated his enemies. Amir Ali Farsi and Amir Syed Asil were sent in pursuit of Ala al-Dawla Mirza and Ibrahim Mirza, who had fled to Mazniyan whereas Sultan Sanjar Mirza was captured and was executed.
Ibrahim Mirza died in 1460 and Ala al-Dawla Mirza died in 1461, ending all opposition to a sole Timurid ruler in Transoxiana.
# Danese

Danese may refer to:
* Danese, West Virginia
* Danese Cattaneo (1509–1572), Italian sculptor and medallist
* Danese Cooper (born 1959), American programmer and computer scientist and advocate of open source software
* Fabrizio Danese (born 1995), Italian footballer
* Michele Danese (born 1982), Italian motorcycle racer
* Shera Danese (born 1949), American actress
* Danese Milano, an Italian brand founded in the 1950s that manufactures designer homewares (now a subsidiary of Artemede)
# Danese, West Virginia

Danese is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Danese is located on West Virginia Route 41, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) northwest of Meadow Bridge. Danese has a post office with ZIP code 25831.
Danese was originally called Noel; the present name is after the daughter of a settler.
# Niobium(III) chloride

Niobium(III) chloride also known as niobium trichloride is a compound of niobium and chlorine. The binary phase NbCl$_3$ is not well characterized but many adducts are known.

## Synthesis

Nb$_3$Cl$_8$ is produced by reduction of niobium(V) chloride with hydrogen, or just by heating.
Salt-free reduction of dimethoxyethane solution of NbCl$_5$ with 1,4-disilyl-cyclohexadiene in the presence of 3-hexyne produces the coordination complex NbCl$_3$(dimethoxyethane)(3-hexyne):
    NbCl$_5$ + C$_6$H$_6$(SiMe$_3$)$_2$ + C$_2$Et$_2$ + dme → NbCl$_3$(dme)(C$_2$Et$_2$) + C$_6$H$_6$ + 2 Me$_3$SiCl
An impure dimethoxyethane (dme) adduct of niobium trichloride was produced by reduction of a dme solution of niobium pentachloride with tributyltin hydride:
    NbCl$_5$ + 2 Bu$_3$SnH + MeOCH$_2$CH$_2$OMe → NbCl$_3$(MeOCH$_2$CH$_2$OMe) + 2 Bu$_3$SnCl

## Structure

Nb$_3$Cl$_8$ has a hexagonal close packed array of chloride ions. Triangles of niobium occur in octahedral spaces in the chloride array. The compositions with higher chloride have some niobium atoms missing from the structure, creating vacancies and giving rise to nonstoichiometric compounds. NbCl$_4$ has this pattern of vacancies stretched until the niobium atoms are in pairs rather than triangles. So NbCl$_3$ can be considered as a solid solution of Nb$_3$Cl$_8$ and Nb$_2$Cl$_8$.
The colour of niobium trichloride varies depending on the niobium:chloride ratio. NbCl$_{2.67}$ is green, while NbCl$_{3.13}$ is brown.

## Reactions

When heated to over 600 °C niobium trichloride disproportionates to niobium metal and niobium pentachloride.

### Adducts

NbCl$_3$(dimethoxyethane) has received significant attention as a reagent for reductive coupling of carbonyls and imines. It is sold as a 1,2-dimethoxyethane complex. Nb(III) adducts are also known for 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether.
Niobium(III) chloride forms a series of compounds with the formula Nb$_2$Cl$_6$L$_x$ with Nb=Nb double bond. With tertiary phosphines and arsines, the complexes are edge-share bioctahedra, e.g., Nb$_2$Cl$_6$(PPhMe$_2$)$_4$. Thioethers form adducts with one bridging thioether (R$_2$S). These face-sharing bioctahedra have the formula Nb$_2$X$_6$(R$_2$S)$_3$ (X = Cl, Br).
# Zouzou

Zouzou may refer to:
* Zouzou (model) (Danièle Ciarlet), model, actress and singer
* Zouzou (film), 1934 film directed by Marc Allégret
* Zouzous, a French children's programming block
# Grafton railway station

Grafton railway station may refer to:
* Grafton railway station, Auckland, a current station on Auckland's Western Line in New Zealand
* Grafton railway station, New South Wales, a current station on the North Coast line in Australia
* Grafton station (MBTA), a commuter rail station in Grafton, Massachusetts, United States
* Old Grafton railway station, a former station on the North Coast line in Australia
* Grafton and Burbage railway station, a former station on the Midland & South Western Junction Railway in England
# Basic and Applied Social Psychology

Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) is a bi-monthly psychology journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal emphasizes the publication of empirical research articles but also publishes literature reviews, criticism, and methodological or theoretical statements spanning the entire range of social psychological issues.
In 2015, the journal banned p-values (and related inferential statistics such as confidence intervals) as evidence in papers accepted by the journal, replacing hypothesis testing with "strong descriptive statistics, including effect sizes" on the grounds that "the state of the art [for hypothesis testing] remains uncertain".
# Enchanted Land

Enchanted Land is a 1990 platform video game developed and published by Thalion Software for the Atari ST. An Amiga port was released later.

## Gameplay

The game takes place in the fairytale land of Damiran. The source of magic, Heart of Lore, has broken into 100 pieces. The player is an old wizard, Krugan, who has been tasked to retrieve the pieces that are strewn across the land. The game is a scrolling platform game consisting of six levels. The game features nine different weapons that can be powered-up by potions that are found throughout the levels. Enchanted Land was the first game to use 4-plane multidirectional scrolling in full screen on the Atari ST.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Aktueller Software Markt | 8/12 (ST) 9/12 (Amiga) |
| Joystick | 84% (ST) |
| ST Format | 92% |
| Tilt | 14/20 (ST) 15/20 (Amiga) |
| ST Magazine [fr] | 17/20 |
Aktueller Software Markt reviewed the Atari ST version and criticized the overloaded graphics but praised the cutting-edge scrolling effect. It was recommended to try the game before buying. ST Format called the game "extremely addictive" and "an enjoyable, absorbing platform game". ST Magazine [fr] called Enchanted Land "a very well made and enjoyable arcade game". Joystick said the game is not revolutionary but very well made technically.
According to Thalion's co-founder Erik Simon, the game was in development too long and sold less than expected.
# Nissen (surname)

Nissen is a surname. As a Danish surname it is a patronymic meaning "son of Nis" (Danish short form of Nicholas). Notable people with the surname include:
* Georg Nikolaus von Nissen (1761–1826), Danish diplomat and writer, and author of one of the first biographies of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* Inge Nissen Danish former basketball player and coach
* Johanna Nissen (1789–1865), mother of Johannes Brahms
* Erika Nissen (1845–1903), Norwegian pianist
* Peter Norman Nissen (1871–1930), Canadian mining engineer
* Hans-Hermann Nissen (1893–1980), German bass-baritone
* Rudolph Nissen (1896–1981), German surgeon and inventor of the Nissen fundoplication
* Greta Nissen (1906-1988), Norwegian-American ballerina and actress
* George Nissen (1914–2010) inventor of the modern trampoline
* Henry Nissen (born 1948 as Henry Nissenbaum), German/Australian boxer of the 1970s
* Steven Nissen (born 1949), heart specialist and chairman of cardiovascular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic
* Ulli Nissen (born 1959), German politician
* Dian Nissen (born 1961), American trampoline champion
* Tom Nissen (born 1971), American convicted murderer and character in the 1999 film Boys Don't Cry
* Carolina Nissen (born 1976), Chilean singer
* Rebecca Adler-Nissen, Danish political scientist
* Christopher Nissen (born 1992), Danish singer
* Amalie Leth-Nissen (born 1994), Danish golfer
* Anja Nissen (born 1995), Danish-Australian singer
* Fernanda Nissen (born 1995), Norwegian literary critic and politician
# Basic belief

Basic beliefs (also commonly called foundational beliefs or core beliefs) are, under the epistemological view called foundationalism, the axioms of a belief system.

## Categories of beliefs

Foundationalism holds that all beliefs must be justified in order to be known. Beliefs therefore fall into two categories:
* Beliefs that are properly basic, in that they do not depend upon justification of other beliefs, but on something outside the realm of belief (a "non-doxastic justification").
* Beliefs that derive from one or more basic beliefs, and therefore depend on the basic beliefs for their validity.

## Description

Within this basic framework of foundationalism exist a number of views regarding which types of beliefs qualify as properly basic; that is, what sorts of beliefs can be justifiably held without the justification of other beliefs.
In classical foundationalism, beliefs are held to be properly basic if they are either self-evident axioms, or evident to the senses (empiricism). However Anthony Kenny and others have argued that this is a self-refuting idea.
* In modern foundationalism, beliefs are held to be properly basic if they were either self-evident axiom or incorrigible. One such axiom is René Descartes's axiom, Cogito ergo sum ("I think, therefore I am"). Incorrigible (lit. uncorrectable) beliefs are those one can believe without possibly being proven wrong. Notably, the evidence of the senses is not seen as properly basic because, Descartes argued, all our sensory experience could be an illusion.
* In what Keith Lehrer has called "fallible foundationalism", also known as "moderate foundationalism", the division between inferential and non-inferential belief is retained, but the requirement of incorrigibility is dropped. This, it is claimed, allows the senses to resume their traditional role as the basis of non-inferential belief despite their fallibility.
* In Reformed epistemology, beliefs are held to be properly basic if they are reasonable and consistent with a sensible world view.
Anti-foundationalism rejects foundationalism and denies there is some fundamental belief or principle which is the basic ground or foundation of inquiry and knowledge.
# Çatak, Alaplı

Çatak is a village in Alaplı District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 921 (2022).
# Niridazole

Niridazole is a schistosomicide. It is used to treat schistosomiasis, the helmintic disease caused by certain flatworms (trematodes) from the genus Schistosoma (formerly Bilharzia). It is also known by its trade name Ambilhar. It is usually given as tablets.
Niridazole has central nervous system toxicity and can cause dangerous side effects, such as hallucinations. Also, it may cause allergic reactions in sensitive people. However, it is one of the most effective schistosomicide drugs.
It has recently also been investigated for use in the treatment of periodontitis.

## Mechanism of action

Niridazole is rapidly concentrated in the parasite and inhibits oogenesis and spermatogenesis. The compound also inhibits the phosphofructokinase enzyme, leading to glycogen depletion and hepatic shift.
# Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun

Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (日刊工業新聞, The Daily Industrial News), one of the leading daily newspapers in Japan, specializes in business and industrial affairs, and is published by The Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Ltd. (Head Office: Tokyo, Japan). Circulation is around 420,000. The newspaper was inaugurated in 1915. It covers economic and industrial affairs in general, and affairs of specific industries such as automobile, electronics, telecommunication, information technologies, science, etc.
Apart from publishing newspapers, the company publishes numerous books and free papers (namely Metro-Guide), and organizes trade fairs (Automotive Parts Product Solution Fair / International Robot Exhibition / Pan-Exhibition for Wash and Clean etc.) and seminars. Among them, collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is a notable achievement. The two agencies jointly organized a seminar in June 2006, 2007 and 2008, namely "Global Auto Parts Business Seminar", for the purpose of further enhancing Japanese investment (especially auto-parts sector) at newly industrial states.
The newspaper concluded an alliance with Asahi Shimbun and Jiji Press in February 2008. Three companies start a new service on information search by internet from April 2008. Japanese name is "KIJISAKU". More than eight million articles and information of three media agencies are put in this service.
# Çatak, Altınyayla

Çatak is a village in the Altınyayla District of Burdur Province in Turkey. Its population is 554 (2021).
# Nikkai

Nikkai may refer to:
* Honinbo Sansa, whose Buddhist dharma name was Nikkai.
* A Japanese electronics manufacturer, also known as NKK or Nihon Kaiheiki
# Ángeles Ottein

María de los Ángeles Nieto Iglesias (stage name, Ángeles Ottein; Algete, 24 June 1895 – Madrid, 12 March 1981) was a Spanish soprano, opera and zarzuela singer. She was the daughter of José Nieto Méndez, a notary of Burgos, and Erundina. Her siblings included Ofelia Nieto and José Nieto, who were also opera and zarzuela singers. Ottein debuted in 1914 with a performance in ''Marina'', performing in opera and zarzuela for the next 40 years.
# Graveworm discography

The discography for Graveworm, an Italian melodic black metal band, consists of one demo album, two extended plays, nine studio albums, one video album and one compilation album.
Graveworm signed with Serenades records in 1997 before recording any material. They then released their demo, their first extended play and studio album, Eternal Winds and When Daylight's Gone, in the same year followed by their second extended play and their first video album, Underneath the Crescent Moon and Awaiting the Shining, the year after. Towards the end of 1999 they released their second studio album As the Angels Reach the Beauty and then their third studio album Scourge of Malice (2001), alongside the joint re-release of When Daylight's Gone and Underneath The Crescent Moon later that year before singing to Nuclear Blast records. Their first release under Nuclear Blast was Engraved in Black (2003), their fourth studio album. Two years later they released their fifth studio album, (N)utopia, their sixth studio album, Collateral Defect (2007), their seventh studio album Diabolical Figures (2009), their eighth studio album Fragments Of Death (2011) and their most recent studio album Ascending Hate (2015).

## Studio albums

| Year | Title |
| 1997 | When Daylight's Gone Released: 6 October 1997 Label: Serenades Records (#SR 010) |
| 1999 | As the Angels Reach the Beauty Released: 26 September 1999 Label: Serenades Records (#SR 027) |
| 2001 | Scourge of Malice Released: 31 July 2001 Label: Serenades Records (#SR 031) |
| 2003 | Engraved in Black Released: 23 June 2003 Label: Nuclear Blast (#NB 1042-2) |
| 2005 | (N)utopia Released: 5 April 2005 Label: Nuclear Blast (#NB 1365-0) |
| 2007 | Collateral Defect Released: 5 June 2007 Label: Massacre Records/Nuclear Blast (#NB 1880) |
| 2009 | Diabolical Figures Released: 16 June 2009 Label: Massacre Records |
| 2011 | Fragments of Death Released: 14 October 2011 Label: Nuclear Blast |
| 2015 | Ascending Hate Released: 19 June 2015 Label: Nuclear Blast |

## Compilations

| Year | Title |
| 2001 | When Daylight's Gone & Underneath the Crescent Moon Released: 24 September 2001 Label: Last Episode |

## Demos and extended plays

| Year | Title | Track listing |
| 1997 | Demo '97 Label: Serenades Records | "Tears from My Eyes" "Eternal Winds" "Lost Yourself" "When the Sky Turns Black" |
| 1997 | Eternal Winds Label: Serenades Records | "Tears from My Eyes" – 4:12 "Eternal Winds" – 5:12 |
| 1998 | Underneath the Crescent Moon Released: 24 April 1998 Label: Serenades Records (#SR 018) | "Awaiting the Shining" – 3:52 "Awake… Thy Angels of Sorrow" – 5:03 "By the Grace of God" – 4:55 "How Many Tears" – 6:05 |

## Videos

| Year | Title |
| 1998 | Awaiting the Shining Label: Serenades Records |

## Music videos

| Year | Title | Director |
| 1998 | "Awaiting the Shining" | Unknown |
| 2005 | "I - The Machine" | Bernhard Kellerer |
| 2011 | "See No Future" | Unknown |
# Bathelium pruinosum

Bathelium pruinosum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus, Martin Kukwa, and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected north of San Borja (José Ballivián Province, Beni Department)) at an altitude of 190 m (620 ft); there, the lichen was found growing on bark in a lowland Amazon forest surrounded by Beni savanna. It contains lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes it to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The species epithet refers to the pruina on both the thallus and pseudostromata.
# Encapsulation

Encapsulation may refer to:

## Chemistry

* Molecular encapsulation, in chemistry, the confinement of an individual molecule within a larger molecule
* Micro-encapsulation, in material science, the coating of microscopic particles with another material

## Biology

* Cell encapsulation, technology made to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications

## Computing and electronics

* An alternate term for conformal coating or potting, which protects electronic components
* Encapsulation (networking), the process of adding control information as it passes through the layered model
* Encapsulation (computer programming), the combination of program code and data, and/or restriction (hide) of access to data except through dedicated code
# Bathelémont

Bathelémont (before 2011: Bathelémont-lès-Bauzemont) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.

## Sights

Near Bathelémont is a memorial to the first three U.S. soldiers killed in action in France in World War I. The three men, James Gresham, Thomas Enright, and Merle Hay, of the 16th Infantry, 1st Division, fell on November 3, 1917.