OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# French destroyer Durandal

Durandal was the name ship of her class of four destroyers built for the French Navy in the late 1890s.

## Design and description

The Durandal class was the first class of destroyers built for the French Navy, and formed part of the 300-tonne type of destroyers, of which 55 ships of similar size and layout were built between 1897 and 1908. They were designed by the French specialist builder of torpedo vessels, Chantiers et Ateliers A. Normand, based on their Filibustier-class torpedo boat design, but enlarged and with a stronger hull.
The Durandals were 57.64 m (189.1 ft) long overall and 56 m (183.7 ft) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 5.95 m (19.5 ft) and a draft of 3.20 m (10.5 ft). Displacement was 301 t (296 long tons). Like all the 300 tonne destroyers, Durandal had a "turtleback" forecastle and a raised flying-deck aft. Two coal-fired Normand water-tube boilers fed steam to two triple-expansion steam engines rated at 4,800 ihp (3,600 kW), giving a design speed of 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph). Two widely separated funnels were fitted. The ships had an operating radius of 2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) and 217 nmi (402 km; 250 mi) at 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph).
Durandal had a gun armament of a single Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 gun on a raised platform around the ship's conning tower, and six 47 mm (1.9 in)/40 M1885 guns on the ship's beams. Two 380 mm (15 in) torpedo tubes were fitted, with two spare torpedoes carried. She had a crew of four officers and 48 other ranks.

## Construction and service

Durandal (Durendal) was ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand on 5 August 1896 and was laid down on 25 August at its shipyard in Le Havre. The ship was launched on 11 February 1899 and conducted her sea trials in April–July. She was commissioned upon their conclusion and assigned to the Northern Squadron. She reached a speed of 27.42 knots (50.78 km/h; 31.55 mph) during sea trials on 4 July 1899.
In July 1902, Durandal took part in the 1902 French naval manoeuvres in the Mediterranean.
When the First World War began in August 1914, Durandal was one of the leaders (divisionnaire) in the 2nd Submarine Flotilla (2$^{ère}$ escadrille sous-marins) of the 2nd Light Squadron (2$^e$ escadre légère) based at Cherbourg. On 12 October, Durandal, the destroyer Escopette and the auxiliary cruiser Pas de Calais (a converted paddle packet ship), engaged the German submarine U-20 off Cap Gris-Nez.
# CKRL-FM

CKRL-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Quebec City, Quebec.
The station operates under a community radio licence and is owned by a non-profit group known as CKRL-MF 89,1 inc. It broadcasts on 89.1 MHz with an effective radiated power of 1,495 watts (class A) using an omnidirectional antenna, broadcasting from Edifice Marie-Guyart in downtown Quebec City.
CKRL-FM began broadcasting on February 15, 1973 at 5 p.m. and was originally a campus radio station for the Université Laval; this situation ceased in 1984, although the name of the corporation remained "Campus Laval FM inc." for many years thereafter. 94.3 CHYZ-FM became the new campus radio station of that university in 1997.
The station is a member of the Association des radiodiffuseurs communautaires du Québec.
# Porfirio Feliciani

Porfirio Feliciani (19 April 1554 – 2 October 1634) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Foligno (1612–1634).
Feliciani was born in Perugia on 19 April 1554. He studied philosophy, mathematics, astrology before graduating with a doctorate in jurisprudence from the University of Perugia. His life can be reconstructed from the 26 volumes of his correspondence preserved in the Biblioteca Angelica in Rome. From 1580 to 1602, he served Cardinal Anton Maria Salviati.
On 2 April 1612, Feliciani was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Foligno. On 1 May 1612, he was consecrated bishop by Scipione Borghese, Archpriest of the Arcibasilica di San Giovanni in Laterano with Fabio Biondi, Titular Patriarch of Jerusalem, and Ulpiano Volpi, Archbishop of Chieti, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Foligno until his death on 2 October 1634. He was buried in Foligno Cathedral.
In 1630, Feliciani published a collection of poems, Rime diverse morali e spirituali, dedicated to Cardinal Francesco Barberini.
# Flag of Saint Paul, Minnesota

The flag of Saint Paul is the official municipal flag of Saint Paul, Minnesota. Adopted via a 1932 competition, the current flag is a yellow-blue-yellow horizontal triband. A red shield depicting various aspects of St. Paul's industry and history is in the foreground and a red ribbon reading "SAINT PAUL" in yellow font below the shield.

## Design and symbolism

The blue strip in the triband represents the Mississippi River, which runs through both the Twin Cities. The shield is separated into three parts, with a yellow line separating a yellow log cabin and a yellow dome, with the first representing Lucien Gautier's Saint Paul's Chapel in the city, built in 1841 and eventually becoming the city's namesake. The dome symbolizes the city's importance as the location of the Minnesota State Capitol. Connected to the line is a yellow triangle with the bottom vertex cut and replaced with a curved section. Within this triangle is a blue winged wheel, representing the city's role as a transportation hub. The red shield symbolizes the progress and spirit of St. Paul. Where the two engrails at the top of the shield meet, a blue star can be found, representing the star of the north, a popular Minnesota symbol and symbolic of St. Paul's allegiance to Minnesota.

## History

The St. Paul Association of Commerce sponsored a city-wide contest for a new city flag. The winner was designed by College of St. Catherine art student Gladys Mittle and was officially adopted on November 22, 1932. The first major display of the flag was on March 30, 1935, when thousands were flown for St. Paul Day. A 2004 North American Vexillological Association survey of United States city flags placed St. Paul's as number 44th, ranking below the Flag of Minneapolis. Mayor Randy Kelly reportedly expressed interest in orchestrating a new flag contest around the time of the survey; however, this idea did not take off. Prior to this, the flag was somewhat hard to find throughout the city, with one vexillologist unable to find any public displays. Since then, the flag has experienced a growth in popularity, with one Blogspot website selling between 200 and 300 flags in 2014. The flag has been spotted at large venues such as CHS Field, Minnesota United FC games and mini-golf course Can Can Wonderland.
# Eupithecia flexicornuta

Eupithecia flexicornuta is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.
# P. H. C. Silva

Palahennedi Hewage Charles Silva (29 December 1917 - ?) was a rubber plantation owner and a Ceylonese politician.
He served as the chairman of the Madhyama Lanka Bus Company, Lanka Airlines and Distilleries Ltd, as well as a director of United Rubber and Coconut Manufacturers, The Trust Company, and Automobile and General Engineers. He was a partner of Mousakanda Group E43, a mixed plantation in Rattota, Matale District.
Silva contested the 2nd parliamentary election, held between 24 May 1952 and 30 May 1952, as the United National Party in the seat of Maskeliya. He was elected, receiving 3,415 votes (59% of the total vote), 2,459 votes ahead of his nearest rival.
In 1955 he moved a motion, which resulted in the establishment of a pension fund for members of parliament. He also proposed a motion, calling on the government to appoint a constituent assembly, to draft a new constitution for Ceylon on 6 December 1955. He was unable to retain his seat at the 3rd parliamentary election, held between 5 April 1956 and 10 April 1956, losing to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, S. Jinadasa, by 314 votes.
Silva was married to Eva Elizabeth née Wijesinghe (d. 11 February 2011), with whom he had four children: Thissa, Dushyanthi, Rajinda and Ishara.
# Doris Auer

Doris Auer (born 10 May 1971) is an Austrian pole vaulter. Her personal best is 4.40 metres (outdoors), achieved in September 2000 in Runaway Bay. This was the Austrian record until 2014 when Kira Grünberg broke the record jumping 4.45. Indoors Auer's best is 4.44 metres, achieved in Glasgow 2001. In the same year the former world champion Yelena Isinbayeva recorded 4.45 indoors.
After 2001 Auer's performance stagnated. In 2002, she resigned from competitive sports but continued to practise pole vaulting as a respectable amateur. Remarkable are her achievements in combining the career as an athlete with university studies and a profession literally simultaneously. She holds a university degree in Sports Sciences and History and works as a high school teacher in Vienna, Austria.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Austria ||||||
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 25th (h) | 200m | 24.95 (wind: +0.4 m/s) |
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 10th (h) | 4 × 100 m relay | 46.59 |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | — | 4 × 100 m relay | DNF |
| 1997 | World Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 18th (q) | Pole vault | 3.70 m |
| 1997 | Universiade | Catania, Italy | 3rd | Pole vault | 4.10 m |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 19th (q) | Pole vault | 4.00 m |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 6th | Pole vault | 4.00 m |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent, Belgium | – | Pole vault | NM |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 9th | Pole vault | 4.25 m |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 11th | Pole vault | 4.25 m |
| 2002 | European Indoor Championships | Vienna, Austria | 19th (q) | Pole vault | 4.20 m |
# Che Hongcai

Che Hongcai (Chinese: 车洪才, born 1936) is a Chinese linguist, professor of the Communication University of China, specialising in Pashto language. He is the editor in chief of the first Pashto-Chinese dictionary.

## Early life and education

Che was born in Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province, China in 1936. Che was enrolled as an English major in Beijing Foreign Studies University in 1957. He was sent to the Cultural Institute of Kabul University to study Pashto language by the Chinese Foreign Ministry from 1959 to 1963.

## Career

When Che returned to China, he was arranged to established the Pashto service of China International Radio. When the Cultural Revolution began, Che was sent to Tangshan in 1968, doing farm work and attending military drills there every day. In 1975, the China's State Council decided to publish a branch of Chinese foreign language dictionaries, including Pashto-Chinese dictionary. Che, then a teacher at Beijing Broadcasting Institute (the predecessor of the Communication University of China), was contacted by the Commercial Press in 1978 and entrusted with compiling the dictionary. By 1981, with the assistance of his students, Song Qiangmin, and a former classmate in Kabul University, Zhang Min, Che had completed 100,000 cards that filled more than 30 filing cabinets. About 70% of the project was done at the time. However, in 1982, the compiling was interrupted by the university authorities, who required Che to research into the possibility of creating an international journalism major. In 1989, Che was appointed as an envoy by Chinese Foreign Ministry, firstly to Pakistan, then to Afghanistan. When he returned to China in 1993, Che found out that the dictionary project was forgotten by editors of the Commercial Press and the university authorities. Che was retired in 1995. In 2000, the Communication University of China invited Che back to teach Pashto. In 2008, Che finished his teaching and rebooted his dictionary project. In 2012, Che finally finished the dictionary and delivered the draft to the Commercial Press. The editors of the Commercial Press was surprised at the first time, then they found the original 1978 document, conforming that the dictionary project did exist.
In 2015, the Pashto-Chinese Dictionary was formally published by the commercial press.

## Honor

In 2015, Che was awarded with Sayed Jamaluddin Afghan prestigious state medal. The award was in recognition of his 36-year-long hardship compiling the first Pashto-Chinese Dictionary. Che has also been awarded for his contribution to promoting the bilateral cultural exchanges and the friendship of the two peoples.
# PFL Everett

PFL Everett was mixed martial arts event promoted by the Professional Fighters League that was held on July 29, 2017, at the Xfinity Arena in Everett, Washington.

## Background

The event featured the organization's featherweight title fight between Andre Harrison and Steven Rodriguez before its belts were retired and vacated on June 7, 2018, when the PFL league format began at PFL 1. Subsequently, the PFL has crowned seasonal champions as an alternative to recognizing a single lineal champion
Bruno Santos was promoted to the main card to face Rex Harris after Shamil Gamzatov withdrew from the card due to injury. Tyler Vogel replaced Santos against Taylor. A welterweight fight between Magomed Magomedkerimov and Chris Cisneros due to illness was canceled after Magomedkerimov withdrew due to illness.

## Results

* ↑ Defended PFL Featherweight Championship.
# Battle of Hill 60

Battle of Hill 60 is a name shared by two battles of World War I:
* Battle of Hill 60 (Western Front) (April 17–April 22, 1915), a subsidiary battle to the Battle of Neuve Chapelle
* Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli) (August 21–August 29, 1915), the last major assault of the Battle of Gallipoli
# Qianball

Qianball is a racket sport similar to tennis or squash. The sport originated from Chinese Qianlongball, and was popularized in Denmark with their own organization, the KFUM.The game can be described as a mixture between tennis and squash or as squash without walls. The game can be played by two or four players, or by a single person practicing. Qianball can be played on any flat hard surface, indoors or outdoors, no matter the weather.
The game is played on a court a little smaller than a tennis court with both players placed on the same side of the net. The player side of the net measures 7.6 * 7.8 m, and the other side of the net should be app. 10 * 12 m, but there are no exact rules for this.
The game involves:
* One court measuring 7.6 by 7.8 meters in the player zone and 10 by 12 meters in the ball zone
* Two or four players playing respectively single or double
* One ballbag with weight or floor embedded hook
* A qianball racket for each player
* A qianball ball with rubber band
* A net or similar at a height of 81 cm
The game is played by placing the ball bag 2.1 metres from the net in the so-called Qianball point. The end of the rubber band is attached to the turning rings or the floor embedded hook. The players are positioned on the same side of the net as in squash and they take turns to serve 2 consecutive serves before changing sides. The game is decided in three sets to 15, playing with a running score.
The ball may not touch the ground in the player zone or the opposing player will score a point, and may only touch the ground once in the ball zone.
Denmark was the first country in Europe where Qianball came to from China. In Denmark the game is organised under KFUM (Danish branch of YMCA sport). In China there are roughly one million players.
# Port Richmond, Virginia

Port Richmond is an unincorporated community in King William County, Virginia, United States. It lies on the Pamunkey River within the town limits of West Point, northwest of the town center and adjacent to Euclid Heights.
# Flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is officially the flag of France, as Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a self-governing overseas collectivity of France.

## History

In 1982 an unofficial local flag was designed, based on the Collectivity's coat of arms. The flag is blue with a yellow ship, said to be Grande Hermine, which brought Jacques Cartier to Saint Pierre on 15 June 1536. Three square fields placed along the hoist recall the origin of most inhabitants of the islands, from top to bottom, the Basque ikurriña, the arms of the duchy of Brittany for the Bretons, and the flag of Normandy for the Normans. The flag was likely designed by André Paturel, a local business owner. Although not used at an official level, the flag is still a common sight in the territory, being flown alongside the French tricolour in front of private residences and even government buildings.

## Municipalities

* Miquelon-Langlade
* Saint-Pierre
# Michael A. Krauss

Michael Arthur Krauss (born March 5, 1939, in Detroit, Michigan) now retired, is the former husband of TV host Joan Lunden. He was a television segment producer and a radio interviewer. He was also a company president who headed numerous companies including Michael Krauss Productions and Group M Productions, the producer of "Mother's Minutes". He is a winner of the ACE Award in 1985 for his work as a creator and executive producer of Mother's Day. As a television segment producer, he helped to produce several shows including Good Morning America, The Mike Douglas Show, Mother's Day (Lifetime Television), Mother's Minutes, and Everyday With Joan Lunden. He is an experienced jazz and marching band drummer.

## Career

Michael's first show was created as part of his graduation project for Wayne State University and was called Youth Must Know eventually aired locally on PBS. Krauss went on to segment produce the Morning Show in Detroit. After the Morning Show he segment produced The Other Side of the Stars before segment producing The Mike Douglas Show, where he claims he convinced John Lennon and Yoko Ono to cohost for 5 shows. Booking John and Yoko was an occasion and took the 14th spot on VH1's list of "100 Greatest Rock & Roll Moments on TV". He is now working on a table book about the shows with John Lennon.
After the Mike Douglas Show, Krauss went on to segment produce for ABC, where he met and married Joan Lunden of Good Morning America, and was nominated for two Emmys, including one for "Producer, Best Daytime Show". After Good Morning America, he created and segment produced Mother's Day with Joan Lunden, winning an ACE Award for Best Show in 1984. Mother's Day was also awarded the Parent's Choice Award. Day ran for years on the Lifetime channel. After Mother's Day, he produced the spin-off Mother's Minutes. "Minutes", hosted by Joan Lunden, were quick segments about taking care of children. Michael released a home video called My Newborn Baby: Everything You Need to Know about Lactation. TV Guide called this video and one about toilet training "some of the best instructional VHS home-video programs ever produced". The critical and commercial success of the home video led to a book version as well.

## Books

* Your Newborn Baby: Everything You Need To Know (1988) - ISBN 0-446-51374-1
* Joan Lunden's Mother's Minutes (1986) - ISBN 0-446-38257-4
# PAPOLG

Poly(A) polymerase gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPOLG gene.
This gene encodes a member of the poly(A) polymerase family which catalyzes template-independent extension of the 3' end of a DNA/RNA strand. This enzyme shares 60% identity to the well characterized poly(A) polymerase II (PAPII) at the amino acid level. These two enzymes have similar organization of structural and functional domains. This enzyme is exclusively localized in the nucleus and exhibits both nonspecific and CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor)/AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation activity. This gene is located on chromosome 2 in contrast to the PAPII gene, which is located on chromosome 14.
# Dorstenia lindeniana

Dorstenia lindeniana is a plant species in the family Moraceae which is native to Mexico, Guatemala and Belize.
# Saint-Igny-de-Vers

Saint-Igny-de-Vers (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.
# PK-90 Kohat-I

PK-90 Kohat-I (پی کے-90 کوہاٹ-1) is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
# Mount Shakka

Mount Shaka (釈迦ヶ岳, Shaka-ga-take) is a mountain in the Ōmine Mountains in Japan. It marks part of the border between Totsukawa and Shimokitayama in Yoshino District of Nara Prefecture.
# Caco-2

Caco-2 (from Cancer coli, "colon cancer") is an immortalized cell line of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. It is primarily used as a model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In culture, Caco-2 cells spontaneously differentiate into a heterogeneous mixture of intestinal epithelial cells. It was developed in 1977 by Jorgen Fogh at the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research.

## History

The line was developed in 1977 by Jorgen Fogh at the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. The research application of Caco-2 cells was developed during the 1980s by Alain Zweibaum group at INSERM, France as well as Ismael Hidalgo, at the Borchardt laboratory, University of Kansas and Tom Rauband at the Upjohn Company. The first publication of the discovery of the spontaneous enterocyte like differentiation was published by Alain Zweibaum group in 1983.

## Characteristics

Although derived from a colon (large intestine) carcinoma, when cultured under specific conditions the cells become differentiated and polarized such that their phenotype, morphologically and functionally, resembles the enterocytes lining the small intestine. Polarized Caco-2 cells express tight junctions, microvilli, and a number of enzymes and transporters that are characteristic of such enterocytes: peptidases, esterases, P-glycoprotein, uptake transporters for amino acids, bile acids, carboxylic acids, etc.

## Research applications

Microscopically, Caco-2 cell cultures show obvious heterogeneity likely reflecting the complex mixture of cells found in the epithelial lining of the large and small intestine i.e. enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, transit amplifying cells, paneth cells and intestinal stem cells. Over time, the characteristics of the cells used in different laboratories have diverged, introducing inter-laboratory variation. Despite such heterogeneity, Caco-2 cells are used in cell invasion studies, viral transfection research, and lipid transport.
Caco-2 cells may be used as a confluent monolayer on a cell culture insert filter (e.g., Transwell). In this format, Caco-2 cells form a polarized epithelial cell monolayer that provides a physical and biochemical barrier to the passage of ions and small molecules. The Caco-2 monolayer can be used as an in vitro model of the human small intestinal mucosa to predict the absorption of orally administered drugs. Kits, such as the CacoReady, have been developed to simplify this procedure. A correlation between the in vitro apparent permeability across Caco-2 monolayers and the in vivo fraction absorbed has been reported. Transwell diagram
# First Presbyterian Society of Cape Vincent

First Presbyterian Society of Cape Vincent, also known as the United Church of Cape Vincent, is a historic Presbyterian church located at Cape Vincent, Jefferson County, New York. It consists of a main block (1832), wood-framed narthex and tower (1884), and meeting hall (1959). The main block is a 1+1⁄2-story, Federal style limestone structure. The 2+1⁄2-story narthex has Gothic Revival style design elements. The main block was extensively rehabilitated in 1882, 1892, and 1914.$^{:5,7}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.