OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carlton E. Lemke

Carlton Edward Lemke (October 11, 1920 – April 12, 2004) was an American mathematician.
After fighting in WWII with the 82nd Airborne Division, then under a GI grant, he received his bachelor's degree in 1949 at the University of Buffalo and his PhD (Extremal Problems in Linear Inequalities) in 1953 at Carnegie Mellon University (then Carnegie Institute of Technology). In 1952–1954 he was instructor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and in 1954–55 at the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory of General Electric. In 1955–56 he was an engineer at the Radio Corporation of America in New Jersey. From 1956 he was assistant professor and later professor at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Since 1967, he was there Ford Foundation Professor of Mathematics.
His research is in Algebra, Mathematical Programming, Operations Research, and Statistics. In 1954 Lemke developed the dual simplex method, independently from E. M. L. Beale.
In 1962 he developed for the convex quadratic linear programming case a new simplex method using an original complementary pivotal scheme which yields at each simplex tableau a current solution with one artificial variable $z_{0}$ ('Lemke start') and ${\overrightarrow {x}}\cdot {\overrightarrow {u}}=x_{r}u_{r}>0$, which is primal ${\overrightarrow {x}}>={\overrightarrow {0}}$ feasible and dual ${\overrightarrow {u}}>={\overrightarrow {0}}$ feasible but the artificial variable $z_{0}>0$ which becomes $=0$ at the optimum. This is the core method for his subsequent constructive proof(1964) that the number of Nash( bimatrix) equilibrium points is odd.
He is then also known for his contribution to game theory. In 1964 Lemke (with J. T. Howson) constructed an algorithm for finding Nash equilibria the case of finite two-person games. For this work Lemke received in 1978 the John von Neumann Theory Prize. He was elected to the 2002 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

## Selected bibliography

* Lemke, Carlton E. The dual method of solving the linear programming problem, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, Vol. 1, 1954, pp. 36–47
* Lemke C. E. A Method of Solution for Quadratic Programs, Management Science, 8(4),1962, pp. 442-453
* Lemke, Carlton E. and J. T. Howson. Equilibrium points of bimatrix games, Journal of the SIAM, Volume 12, 1964, pp. 413–423
# Ichihara History Museum

The Ichihara History Museum (市原歴史博物館, Ichihara Rekishi Hakubutsukan), styled the I'Museum Center, opened in Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, in 2022. The collection and displays document thirty thousand years of local history.
# Harry Spalding

Harry Spalding (1913–2008) was an American writer best known for the films he wrote for Robert L. Lippert and director Maury Dexter. He later worked for the Walt Disney Company.
He sometimes wrote under the name "Henry Cross".

## Select Credits

* Country Music Holiday (1958)
* Freckles (1960)
* Teenage Millionaire (as H. B. Cross) (1961)
* Air Patrol (original screenplay - as Henry Cross) (1962)
* Hand of Death (uncredited) (1962)
* The Day Mars Invaded Earth (writer) (1962)
* The Firebrand (writer) (1962)
* Womanhunt (story) (1962)
* Young Guns of Texas (writer - as Henry Cross) (1962)
* Harbor Lights (writer) (1963)
* House of the Damned (writer) (1963)
* Police Nurse (writer) (1963)
* The Young Swingers (writer) (1963)
* Surf Party (1964)
* Night Train to Paris (as Henry Cross) (1964)
* Raiders from Beneath the Sea (screenplay) (1964)
* The Murder Game (1965)
* The Earth Dies Screaming (as Henry Cross) (1964)
* Witchcraft (writer) (1964)
* Spaceflight IC-1 (writer - as Henry Cross) (1965)
* Curse of the Fly (1965)
* Wild on the Beach (writer) (1965)
* Run Like a Thief (1967)
* One Little Indian (writer) (1973)
* Chosen Survivors (story and co-screenplay - as H.B. Cross) (1974)
* The Sky's the Limit (1975, TV)
* The Watcher in the Woods (1980)
* Witchery (1988)
# Cassim Sema

Ml Cassim Mohammed Sema (12 May 1920 – 9 June 2007) was a South African Sunni Muslim scholar who established the first madrasa in South Africa and possibly the first madrasa that uses English as its medium of instruction. He was the founder of Darul Uloom Newcastle.

## Biography

Ml Cassim Mohammed Sema was born on 12 May 1920 in Newcastle. He graduated from the Jamia Islamia Talimuddin in the traditional dars-e-nizami in October 1942. His teachers include Yousuf Banuri.
Sema taught in Wasbank 23 years and returned to Newcastle in 1968 as the head of the Newcastle Muslim Community. During his career at Wasbank, he formulated a "madrasa syllabus" which was chosen by the Jamī’at al-Ulama Natal in 1967 as a single Madrasah syllabus for the Province.
Sema was trying to establish an Islamic institution with boarding facilities in South Africa, and succeeded in starting the first madrasa using the English medium "madrasa", the Darul Uloom in Newcastle on 13 May 1973. The madrasa is said to be the first Deobandi madrasa in South Africa.
Ml Sema passed away on 9 June 2007 and Mufti Faiyazur Rahim whom Ml Sema appointed as the Bukhari teacher lead the Janaaza Salah. His funeral was attended by 4000 people.
# Bobby Joe Hatton

Roberto José Hatton Negrón (born 11 October 1976) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player. Hatton has most notably played for Marist College in the NCAA and for the Arecibo Captains, San Germán Athletics, and Ponce Lions in Puerto Rico's Baloncesto Superior Nacional. Hatton has also played professionally in Portugal, Russia, Mexico and France. Hatton has been a member of the Puerto Rico national basketball team since 1993, taking part in both the 2004 Olympic Games, famous for their defeat of the United States team, as well as the 2006 FIBA World Championship. At the youth level he won a silver medal at the 1997 FIBA Under-22 World Championship.
His #10 jersey was retired by his former team Leones de Ponce in 2017.
# Funds from operations

Funds from operations (FFO) is the term that investors use to describe the cash flow of a real estate company or a real estate investment trust (REIT). FFO is a performance indicator created by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) that is recognized by the SEC to be the standard non-GAAP gauge of financial performance for the real estate sector.
Analysts calculate the standard version of FFO by adding amortization and depreciation to net income, and subtracting any gains made on the sale of assets. There are other forms of FFO that the SEC requires real estate companies to report such as the adjusted FFO, company FFO, and others.
No matter the type of FFO they use, public companies are required to disclose their FFO on their income statement. Investors can use the FFO to determine the financial performance of a real estate company. Unlike other accounting methods, the FFO attempts to remove distortion caused by traditional GAAP accounting methods. Using the FFO allows companies to more accurately state their performance. Often, the FFO is divided by a per-share basis for securities that are publicly traded. Investors frequently utilize the FFO per-share ratio much like they would utilize the EPS of a company.
# Derrick Kent

Rear-Admiral Derrick George Kent CB was a Royal Navy officer who became Flag Officer, Malta.

## History

Kent joined the Royal Navy in 1940 and served in the Second World War becoming commanding officer of the submarine HMS Sea Nymph in April 1943, commanding officer of the submarine HMS H33 in September 1943 and commanding officer of the submarine HMS Spark in February 1944.
After the War he became deputy director of Under-surface Warfare at the Admiralty in July 1960, commander of the 22nd Escort Squadron and captain of HMS Plymouth in May 1963, Commodore, Clyde Submarine Base in August 1967. He went on to be Flag Officer, Malta, in June 1969, with the rank of rear-admiral on 7 July 1969.
# Certosa di Parma

The Certosa di Parma (Certosa di San Girolamo) is a former Carthusian Monastery located in the outskirts of Parma.
The first Carthusian monastery at the site was constructed from 1285 to 1304, by the initiative of the archbishop of Spoleto, Rolando Taverna. Little, if any, remains of that structure, the minor cloister dates from the 15th century. At the site between 1673 and 1722, a new Baroque monastery, cloister and church were built based on designs by Francesco Pescaroli. In 1769, the monastery was suppressed and the site became used for manufacture of cigars, and became the "Fabbrica Ducale dei Tabacchi di Parma". In 1900, it became a reformatory for juvenile offenders. In 1975, it acquired its present function as a school for prison police (Scuola di Formazione e Aggiornamento della Polizia Penitenziaria).
The church, dedicated to St. Jerome, has works and frescoes by Francesco Pescaroli, Alessandro Baratta, Gian Battista Natali, and Ilario Spolverini.
The monastery was suppressed at the time when Stendhal's novel The Charterhouse of Parma was written.

## Gallery

* Facade of the church of St Jerome
* Major cloister
* Frescoed ceiling of sacristy
# Ranegras Plain

Ranegras Plain is a plain in the eastern part of La Paz County, Arizona.
The Ranegras Plain is bounded by the Eagletail Mountains, Little Harquahala Mountains, Granite Wash Mountains and Bouse Hills to the northeast and to the southeast by the Plomosa, New Water and Little Horn Mountains. Its elevations range between 1,400 feet / 430 meters in the far southeast of the plain, where the Eagletail and Little Horn Mountains meet, to 930 feet / 280 meters in the far northwest, at Bouse, Arizona, where Bouse Wash, (the primary drainage of the plain), leaves the plain between the Plomosa Mountains and Bouse Hills.
# El Hassania

El Hassania is a town in northern Algeria.
35°56′47″N 1°55′01″E﻿ / ﻿35.94639°N 1.91694°E﻿ / 35.94639; 1.91694
* This article about a location in Aïn Defla Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Harry Specters

52°23′20″N 0°15′45″E﻿ / ﻿52.388972°N 0.262428°E﻿ / 52.388972; 0.262428 Harry Specters is an Ely, Cambridgeshire-based chocolatier established with the express purpose of providing employment and free work experience for autistic individuals. It was founded by Mona and Shaz Shah in 2012; the Shahs themselves have an autistic son. The name Harry Specters was their son's idea when he was 14 years old. When asked how he came up with the name, he said it "...came from my head". After working with many autistic young people, the company believes that autistic people can be very intuitive. They are very loyal, have great attention to detail and love to be social. 60% of the company's profits are reserved for social goals. For every £1 spent at Harry Specters, 69p social value is created (using Cost Benefit Analysis)
Harry Specter's products received one Three-Star rating and two One-Star awards in the Guild of Fine Food's Great Taste Awards for 2014. As well, the Guardian ranked their chocolate Easter egg as the best chocolate made by a social enterprise in 2014.
As of 2024, the company has helped 350+ autistic people through paid work and free work experience. In addition the company has won the following awards:
- A total of 34 awards for their chocolates from Guild of Fine Food and Academy of Chocolate. - Community Business of the Year Award - Ely 2023. - Cambridgeshire Business Awards 2022 - Diversity & Inclusion Great British Entrepreneur Award - 2020 Regional Winner London & East of England. - Social Entrepreneur of the Year Award (UK) - Citi - 2017/18. - National Food & Drink Competition winner 2022, UK - ALDI & Channel 4. - Kings Award for Enterprise, UK, 2024.
# Redfern Town Hall

The Redfern Town Hall is a landmark sandstone civic building located in the heart of Redfern, New South Wales, Australia. built in 1870 and designed in the Victorian Regency style by George Allen Mansfield. It was the seat of the Municipality of Redfern from 1870 to 1948. It stands at 73 Pitt Street, Redfern.

## History and description

On 10 May 1904, the local Member for Redfern and Leader of the NSW Labor Party, James McGowen, launched the State Labor Party's 1904 election campaign at the Town Hall. Redfern Town Hall was the site of a meeting of Rugby league players in 1908, at which the South Sydney District Rugby League Football Club, now the South Sydney Rabbitohs, was officially formed. when administrator J J Giltinan, cricketer Victor Trumper and politician Henry Hoyle came together in front of a large crowd of supporters. On 7 August 1968 Redfern Town Hall was the site of the Chief Commissioner of Sydney Vernon Treatt's proclamation of the Municipality of Northcott (later the City of South Sydney). When the Redfern Legal Centre was established in March 1977, South Sydney Council offered the town hall rent-free and it has been its home since then. The town hall was restored in the 1990s and in 2000 it was placed on the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan as a part of the Redfern Estate Heritage Conservation Area as well as an individual heritage item.

## Gallery

* Town Hall in 1871, first Mayor George Renwick is standing on the balcony.
* Redfern Town Hall in 2008.
# Don't Ask Me

Don't Ask Me may refer to:
* Don't Ask Me (TV programme), a British science show
* Don't Ask Me Ask Britain, a British entertainment poll show
* "Don't Ask Me" (OK Go song)
* "Don't Ask Me" (Heli Simpson song)
* "Don't Ask Me", a song by A Flock of Seagulls from A Flock of Seagulls
* "Don't Ask Me", a song by Nik Kershaw from The Works
* "Don't Ask Me", a song by Public Image Ltd from the album The Greatest Hits, So Far
# Fundu Văii

Fundu Văii may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Fundu Văii, a village in Pânceşti Commune, Bacău County
* Fundu Văii, a village in Lipovăț Commune, Vaslui County
* Fundu Văii, a village in Poienești Commune, Vaslui County
# Ozan Doğulu

Ozan Doğulu (born 13 January 1972) is a Turkish singer, composer, music arranger and record producer.

## Life and career

Doğulu is the elder brother of Turkish singer Kenan Doğulu and the son of composer Yurdaer Doğulu and his wife Serpil Doğulu. His sister, Canan Doğulu, is a fashion designer. Their family is originally from Gaziantep.
He was the orchestra conductor of Sezen Aksu for a long time, and for the time being, he also contributed to his brother's albums. In addition, he started conducting his own music and worked as a DJ in various venues and events under the "Ozan Doğulu Live Project" initiative. Doğulu started playing piano as a child and joined the band of many artists, including Zeki Müren. He devoted much of his time to playing piano and finished the conservatory with high grades.
On 15 June 2010, his first album 130 Bpm was released by DMC, in which several artists including Sezen Aksu, Tarkan, Kenan Doğulu, Sıla, Ferhat Göçer, Ajda Pekkan, Mustafa Ceceli, Ziynet Sali and Agusev Brass Band performed the songs.

## Discography
### Albums

* 130 Bpm (2010)
* 130 Bpm Allegro (2011)
* 130 Bpm Moderato (2014)
* 130 Bpm Forte (2017)
* 130 Bpm Kreşendo (2019)

### Compilations

* 130 Bpm (DJ Eyüp Remixes) (2014)
* 130 Bpm Quartet (2015)

### Singles

* "Dağılmak İstiyorum" (ft. Model) (2012)
* "Uzun Lafın Kısası" (ft. Gülden & Bahadır Tatlıöz) (2016)
* "Kime Ne" (ft. Gökçe) (2016)
* "Wet" (ft. Baby Brown & Ece Seçkin) (2016)
* "Yağmur" (ft. Ziynet Sali) (2016)
* "Öle Öle" (ft. Hera) (2018)
* "Ola Ola" (ft. Ozeus) (2021)
* "Uzun Lafın Kısası 2 (Live Performance)" (with Bahadır Tatlıöz & Gülden) (2022)
* "Bir Kereden Hiçbir Şey Olmaz" (with Gülşen) (2022)
* "Ben de İsterem (İbrahim Erkal Hürmet)" (with Cem Belevi) (2023)
* "100" (2023)
# Chalcosyrphus satanicus

Chalcosyrphus satanicus is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Carlo Spiridione Mariotti

Carlo Spiridione Mariotti (1726 in Perugia – 1790) was an Italian painter; he often painted genre scenes.

## History

He was a pupil of Giacinto Boccanera and Antonio Maria Garbi in Perugia
# Ibrahim Ag Bahanga

Ibrahim Ag Bahanga was a Tuareg rebel who fought in several Tuareg rebellions between 1990 and 2011. He was one of the founders of the May 23, 2006 Democratic Alliance for Change, and became the sole leader of the Tuareg rebellion in 2009 after the rest of the ADC signed peace agreements.

## Biography

Bahanga was born in Tin-Essako, Mali around 1970. He grew up in Tinzaouaten, on the Malian-Algerian border. In the 1980's, Bahanga underwent military training with many other Tuaregs in Libya's Islamic Legion. When he returned to Mali, he participated in the Tuareg rebellion of 1990-1996, fighting in the People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MPLA) which later changed to the Popular Movement of Azawad. Following the end of the war, Bahanga was promoted to corporal in the Malian Army. He deserted immediately afterward.
In December 2001, Bahanga took ten Malian soldiers hostage to have his village of Tin Essako established as a commune. His demands were accepted, but in return Bahanga was barred from the Malian Army. He took part in negotiations between the GSPC and the Malian and Algerian governments following the kidnapping of thirty-two Western tourists in the Algerian desert.
Bahanga participated in the attacks on Malian bases in Kidal and Ménaka on May 23, 2006, alongside Hassan Ag Fagaga, Iyad Ag Ghaly, and Ahmada Ag Bibi. He then co-founded the May 23, 2006 Democratic Alliance for Change (ADC) with Fagaga, Ghaly, and Bibi. The Tuareg rebellion of 2006 was swiftly quelled with the Algiers Accords. Following the rebellion, he then became a member of the High Council for Communities along with Ghaly.
On May 11, 2007, Bahanga took part in the Tinzaouaten attack alongside Nigerien rebels. He was injured in the attack, and transported to Tamanrasset, Algeria for his injuries. He founded the Northern Mali Tuareg Alliance for Change in 2007, and fought against the Malian Army in the Tuareg rebellion of 2007 to 2009. On August 26 and 27, 2007, he captured around forty Malian soldiers. He attacked a Malian outpost in Abeïbara in May 2008, and later attacked the Malian garrison at Nampala. His main base in Tinsalak was destroyed by the Malian Army in 2009, and he was pushed out of Mali at the Battle of Toulousimine.
Bahanga was part of a minority group within the ADC that refused to reintegrate the Algiers Accords in 2009. In response, the Malian Army destroyed Bahanga's bases, and Bahanga sought refuge in Libya in February 2009. After two years of exile in Libya, Bahanga returned to northern Mali in January 2011. He returned with former comrades from the Islamic Legion and veterans of the 1990 rebellion, some of whom were officers in the Libyan Army such as Mohamed Ag Najem.
Bahanga died on August 26, 2011 when his car flipped over in the Tamesna desert near the village of Intadjedite on his way to Libya. His body was buried in In-Agharous, near Tin-Essako.
# Gleyre

Gleyre is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Gleyre (1806–1874), Swiss artist
* Marcel Gleyre (1910–1996), American gymnast
# Hat cord

A hatcord or hat cord is a circular cord around a hat at the junction of the crown and the brim. It originally served to stabilize and hold the hat on the head and to prevent the hat material separating. A hat band fulfils a similar function. Hatcords sometimes come in imaginative fashion-oriented designs.
In the Middle Ages, the hat cord was also used as a unit of measurement to control the thickness of water pipes. In order to save water, the water pipe was not allowed to be thicker than a hatcord. According to Duden, it is questionable that the German saying: Das geht (mir) über die Hutschnur ("That exceeds the hatcord [as far as I'm concerned]") meant das übersteigt das Maß des Erlaubten ("that exceed the permitted amount").

## Literature

* Lutz Röhrich: Lexikon der sprichwörtlichen Redensarten. Directmedia Publ., Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89853-442-1, CD-ROM
# Hans-Joachim Fuchtel

Hans-Joachim Fuchtel (born 13 February 1952) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg from 1987 until 2021. From 2018 to 2021 he also served as Parliamentary State Secretary for Food and Agriculture in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel.

## Political career

Fuchtel first became a member of the Bundestag in the 1987 German federal election, representing the Calw district. For several terms, he served on the Budget Committee (1994-2009) and the Audit Committee (2002-2009). In this capacity, he was his parliamentary group's rapporteur on the annual budget of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, among others. In addition to his committee assignments, he was part of the German delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) from 1991 until 2009.
In Chancellor Angela Merkel's second coalition government from 2009 to 2013, Fuchtel served (alongside Ralf Brauksiepe) as one of two Parliamentary State Secretaries in the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs under minister Ursula von der Leyen. In addition to this role, he was appointed as the Chancellor's Personal Envoy to the German-Greek Assembly (DGV) in 2011. In the negotiations to form a Grand Coalition of Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD) following the 2013 federal elections, he was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on labor policy, led by von der Leyen and Andrea Nahles.
In Merkel's third cabinet from 2013 to 2017, Fuchtel served (alongside Thomas Silberhorn as one of two Parliamentary State Secretaries at the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development under minister Gerd Müller. In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2017 federal elections, he was part of the working group on foreign policy, led by von der Leyen, Gerd Müller and Sigmar Gabriel.
In May 2020, Fuchtel announced that he would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.

## Other activities

* Asian Development Bank (ADB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2013-2018)
* Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2013-2018)
* German Investment Corporation (DEG), Ex-Officio Chairman of the supervisory board (2013-2018)

## Political positions

In June 2017, Fuchtel voted against Germany's introduction of same-sex marriage.