OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Namsadang cant

The Namsadang cant (Korean: 남사당 은어; lit. Namsadang jargon) was a cant, or secret language, used by members of the Korean Namsadang performance art troupes. Although once widely used, decline in popularity of these troupes in the 20th century have led to much of the original jargon being forgotten, with only certain words surviving from those who remember parts and words from the jargon, who were often older or retired members of these troupes. Currently, with the re-establishment of the troupe Anseong, where the Namsadang originate from, there has been some renewed interest in the art, and thus the revival of the use and knowledge of some words in the community.

## History

The Namsadang was believed to have been created in the late Joseon Dynasty from groups of commoners and baekjeong, and were often quite popular among commoners as a form of entertainment. Having been detached from the rest of society due to their low status as entertainers, Namsadang members often had their own customs, titles and style of living. In order to secretly communicate between members of the troupe without the risk of being eavesdropped by the rest of the population, and to maintain secrets about the organisation and its members, the cant was created. Although the re-establishment of the company has allowed for some slang terms to be in use among current members, much of the original jargon has now been forgotten as many elderly members, many of whom have not been performing for years, often forget words and their meanings.

## Examples

Words in the jargon were often created through many different methods, many words were coined by pronouncing them backwards to confuse potential eavesdroppers, such as the words for tobacco (배담- baedam, in contrast to 담배- dambae), husband (방서- bangseo, rather than 서방- seobang) and shaman (단골- dangol, instead of 골단- goldan, a dialectal term for shaman). Scrambling of words can also be seen in terms for dokkaebi (개비도- gaebido, instead of 도깨비- dokkaebi) and Jeolla Province (라도절- ladojeol, instead of 전라도- Jeollado).
Words were also created by using other words and terms to allude to another meaning. Such words include the words for gun (검은대- geomeundae- literally 'black thing'), a dead person (녹은설- nogeunseol, literally 'frozen snow') and soup (흘림- heullim, literally spilling- a reference to how soup 'spills'.).
Interestingly, words for numbers, animals and surnames were also created. This includes the words for four (죽은- jugeun- literally 'death', a reference to how four is an unlucky number in east Asia), the surname Cheon (하늘세- haneulse, due to the surname and the hanja for sky; '天', being homonyms) and egg (벙어리사지-beongeorisaji).
Other unique vocabulary includes the words for spy (논달설- nondalseol, the 'seol' part appears in many words regarding people and figures), cooked rice (걸- geol) and watermelon (월냉이- Wolnaenggi).
# Nahma Township, Michigan

Nahma Township is a civil township of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 468 at the 2020 census, slightly down from 495 at the 2010 census. Nahma was established in 1881 by the Bay De Noquet Lumber Company as the base for its upper Michigan lumbering operations.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 188.9 square miles (489 km$^2$), of which 166.2 square miles (430 km$^2$) is land and 22.6 square miles (59 km$^2$) (11.98%) is water. The city derives its name from the Ojibway (Chippewa) language, in which Nami means sturgeon.

### Climate

Indian Point :
Climate chart (explanation) :

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 499 people, 221 households, and 154 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.0 per square mile (1.2/km$^2$). There were 603 housing units at an average density of 3.6 per square mile (1.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 91.58% White, 0.20% African American, 5.41% Native American, and 2.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.20% of the population.
There were 221 households, out of which 19.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.73.
In the township the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 19.6% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 28.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $28,077, and the median income for a family was $34,167. Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $17,679 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,981. About 8.9% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Geoffroy d'Ablis

Geoffroy d'Ablis was a Dominican who led the Inquisition in Carcassonne against Cathars such as Peire Autier from 1303 to 1316. He collaborated with Bernard Gui, the inquisitor at Toulouse.
# Nangai, Akita

Nangai (南外村, Nangai-mura) was a village located in Senboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.
In 2003, the village had an estimated population of 4,529 and a density of 45.82 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 98.85 km$^2$.
On March 22, 2005, Nangai, along with the city of Ōmagari; and the towns of Kamioka, Kyōwa, Nakasen, Nishisenboku, Ōta and Semboku (all from Senboku District), merged to create the city of Daisen.
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# Nanga Sago

Nanga Sago is a mountain situated 15 km north of Leh, capital of Ladakh in India. Its altitude is 5776m (18950 feet).
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# George Abercromby, 4th Baron Abercromby

George Ralph Campbell Abercromby, 4th Baron Abercromby DL JP (23 September 1838 – 30 October 1917), styled The Honourable from 1843 to 1852, was a Scottish peer and politician.

## Background

Abercromby was born in Leamington, Warwickshire on 23 September 1838. He was the oldest son of George Abercromby, 3rd Baron Abercromby. His mother Louisa Penuel Forbes was the daughter of the judge John Forbes, Lord Medwyn and sister of the clergyman Alexander Penrose Forbes.

## Career

Abercromby succeeded his father as baron in 1852 and joined the House of Lords. He was justice of the peace for Clackmannanshire and Stirlingshire and was nominated a deputy lieutenant for the latter county in 1860.

## Family

Abercromby married Lady Julia Janet Georgiana Duncan (b. 1840), the daughter of Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown and his wife Juliana Cavendish Philips, at the earl's residence Camperdown House on 6 October 1858. The marriage produced no children.
Lady Abercromby served Queen Victoria as a Lady of the Bedchamber 1874–1885. She died in 1915.
Abercromby survived her for two years, he died in Kensington area of London aged 79. He was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother John.
# Nadia Ben Rachid

Nadia Ben Rachid is a Franco-Tunisian film editor. She has over thirty years of experience, and has spent two decades working with filmmaker Abderrahmane Sissako. She won the award for Best Editing at the 2015 Césars for Sissako's 2014 film Timbuktu.

## Biography

Ben Rachid started her editing career working with 35mm film on celluloid.
Ben Rachid has edited such acclaimed films as Timbuktu, Waiting for Happiness, Bamako Life On Earth, and Tug of War. She has also edited numerous documentaries such as all of Anne Aghion's films including 2005 Emmy winner In Rwanda we say... The family that does not speak dies and 2009 Cannes Official Selection doc My Neighbor My Killer, Tarr Béla, I Used to Be a Filmmaker and Michka Saäl's Les prisonniers de Beckett.
Ben Rachid was invited to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2015. Ben Rachid describes the process of editing as shaping a director's idea into a "harmonious, fluid idea." Her film editing has been called "nimble" by the New Statesman.
# George Perfect Harding

George Perfect Harding (1781 – 23 December 1853) was an English portrait painter and copyist.

## Life

He was a son of Silvester Harding of Pall Mall, London. Adopting his father's profession, he practised miniature-painting, and exhibited at the Royal Academy at intervals between 1802 and 1840; but, like his father, he mainly devoted himself to making water-colour copies of historical portraits.
Harding visited family seats of the nobility, royal palaces, and college halls. He produced highly finished copy portraits. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1839, but withdrew in 1847. Towards the end of his life he had money troubles, and sold his collections of drawings.
Harding died at Hercules Buildings, Lambeth, where he had resided for more than thirty years, on 23 December 1853. He left a large family by a second wife. His portrait was engraved by J. Brown, from a miniature by himself, in 1826. A collection of his works went to the print room of the British Museum.

## Works

In 1822–3 Harding published a series of eighteen portraits of the Deans of Westminster, engraved by James Stow, R. Grave, and others, to illustrate John Preston Neale and Edward Wedlake Brayley's History of Westminster Abbey. This was followed in 1825 by Ancient Oil Paintings and Sepulchral Brasses in the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster, with descriptions by Thomas Moule. Among other historical works to which he supplied the plates was John Heneage Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of England during the Reign of the Stuarts, 1840. He gave much time to the preparation of a manuscript account of the Princes of Wales, illustrated with portraits and heraldic devices.
In 1840 Harding took a leading part in establishing the Granger Society, the object of which was the publication of previously unengraved historical portraits; through lack of support the society came to an end, after publishing a few prints, early in 1843. Harding carried on the work on his own account, and during the next five years issued a series of fifteen plates, engraved by Joseph Brown and William Greatbach, with biographical notices by Moule. The copperplates of these afterwards passed into the hands of John Russell Smith of Soho Square, who reissued the work in 1869.
# Nariva River

The Nariva River is one of the larger rivers in Trinidad and Tobago. It drains the Nariva Swamp on the east coast of Trinidad. The river is a dark cream in colour. The bridge used to be a box type iron but it has been replaced with concrete and it also has been raised to prevent flooding. It is also good for kayaking. West Indian Manatees have been known to use this water course.
10°25′41″N 61°01′57″W﻿ / ﻿10.42807°N 61.03244°W﻿ / 10.42807; -61.03244
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# George Perrins

George Perrins (24 February 1873 – 1947) was an English footballer. His regular position was at half back. He was born in Birmingham. He played for Birmingham St George's, Newton Heath, Luton Town, Chatham Town, and Stockport County.

## Career

Perrins made his Newton Heath debut on 3 September 1892 in their first ever league match, playing at right half in a 4–3 defeat by Blackburn Rovers. He established himself as Newton Heath's regular right-half, position he occupied for three seasons. 1895–96 season was Perrins' last as a Heathen – after one of his appearances it was reported that "he was weak and no one understood what he wanted to do with the ball. He caressed it and dribbled when he should rather have made sure to get rid of it."
He also played twice as an emergency goalkeeper in Second Division matches against Burton Wanderers, when Hugh Douglas had just been transferred to Derby County and Joe Ridgway was struggling with a broken finger. Both games were lost by Newton Heath 2–1 and 5–1, respectively. Perrins managed to make 102 appearances for Newton Heath, becoming just second player in club's history to achieve 100 appearances after Fred Erentz.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | Division | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Newton Heath | 1892–93 | First Division | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 31 | 0 |
| Newton Heath | 1893–94 | First Division | 28 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 31 | 0 |
| Newton Heath | 1894–95 | Second Division | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 27 | 0 |
| Newton Heath | 1895–96 | Second Division | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 13 | 0 |
| Newton Heath | Total | Total | 96 | 0 | 6 | 0 | – | – | 102 | 0 |
| Luton Town | 1896–97 | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Luton Town | 1897–98 | Second Division | 6 | 0 | – | – | 7 | 1 | 13 | 1 |
| Luton Town | Total | Total | 6 | 0 | – | – | 13 | 1 | 19 | 1 |
| Stockport County | 1901–02 | Second Division | 29 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 32 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 131 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 153 | 1 |
* ↑ Luton Town left the Southern League in 1896 to become founder members of the United League.
* 1 2 Appearances in the United League.
* ↑ Luton Town were elected to the Football League Second Division. They continued to field a second side in the United League for two more seasons.
# Naldinho

Naldinho is a nickname. It may refer to:
* Naldinho (footballer, born 1990), Erivonaldo Florencio de Oliveira Filho, Brazilian football midfielder
* Naldinho (footballer, born 1992), Leonardo Benedito da Silva, Brazilian football forward
# Namara

Namara is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Marguerite Namara (1888–1974), American actress and singer
* Stephen Namara (born 1953), American artist
# Namarjung

Namarjung is a village and Village Development Committee in Kaski District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,553 persons living in 330 individual households.
# George Chiweshe

Retired Brigadier General George Mutandwa Chiweshe (born June 5, 1953) was once the Chairperson of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission.He was born in family of four.One of his brothers passed on and he has one surviving brother and elder sister who lives in Mutare. Justice Chiweshe left ZEC to become High Judge and rose to be the High court Judge President. He was in recent years appointed as a Supreme Court Judge by President Mnangagwa.

## Biography

He was born in the Mazowe district of Mashonaland Central, just northeast of Harare. Chiweshe attended Tendayi Primary School in 1961 and subsequently Fletcher Secondary School in 1969. Chiweshe obtained his law degree at the University of Zimbabwe in 1988.
Chiweshe joined ZANLA in 1975 after fleeing from the then University of Rhodesia as a law student. He trained in Mozambique. Chiweshe deputised the retired Zimbabwe National Army General Constantine Dominic Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga; and commanded to the likes of the late Zimbabwean hero Brigadier General Charles Tigwe Gumbo. His nom de guerre was "Yasser Arafat." Chiweshe rose through the ranks to political commissar. After independence, Chiweshe joined the Ministry of Justice as a prosecutor in 1980 and became a magistrate three years later. He later joined the Zimbabwe National Army in April 1983 as a major and rose through the ranks from Major to Brigadier General (Judge Advocate General) in 1996. Chiweshe retired from the army in April 2001 after being appointed to the bench by President Robert Gabriel Mugabe.
In September 2004 Chiweshe was appointed Chairman of the Delimitation Commission of Zimbabwe by Mugabe, a move that was criticised by the opposition Movement for Democratic Change as a ploy by ZANU PF to rig the March 2005 parliamentary elections. In January 2005, Chiweshe was appointed Chairman of the new Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (a body that supervises and co-ordinates all elections in Zimbabwe), where he presently serves.
Since 2005, he is placed on the United States sanctions list.
In May 2010, President Mugabe swore in George Chiweshe, former chairman of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission as Judge President. This appointment brought about massive protests by the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) led by former Prime Minister the late Morgan Richard Tsvangirai.
# George Ladd (silversmith)

George Ladd was an American silversmith, active in New York City from 1846 to 1851 and San Francisco, California from 1856 to 1861.
# George Burton Hunter

Sir George Burton Hunter KBE DSC (19 December 1845 – 21 January 1937) was an English shipbuilder based on Tyneside.

## Career

Born in Sunderland, Hunter was a pupil under Thomas Meek before being apprenticed to William Pile, his cousin. In 1869 he moved to Clydeside where he worked for R. Napier & Sons. He returned to Wearside in 1873 and formed a partnership with S. P. Austin; this partnership was dissolved in 1879 and instead Burton became Manager of a new firm known as C. S. Swan & Hunter on Tyneside. By 1893 the firm was the largest shipbuilder on Tyneside. The business was incorporated in 1895 with Hunter as Chairman.
He became Mayor of Wallsend in 1901 and was knighted in 1918.
Burton acquired Wallsend Hall in 1914 and then presented the hall and its grounds to Wallsend Corporation in 1919: the facility evolved to become the Sir G B Hunter Memorial Hospital.

## Family

In 1873 he married Annie Hudson: they went on to have four daughters and two sons. He lived at The Willows in Jesmond in Newcastle upon Tyne.
# George Bush

George Bush most commonly refers to:
* George H. W. Bush (1924–2018), 41st president of the United States and father of the 43rd president
* George W. Bush (born 1946), 43rd president of the United States and son of the 41st president
George Bush may also refer to:
* George Bush (biblical scholar) (1796–1859), American pastor, abolitionist, and academic
* George Bush (footballer) (1883–1936), English footballer who played as a winger
* George Bush (racing driver) (1911–1967), American NASCAR driver
* George H. Bush (1857–1898), New York state legislator
* George P. Bush (born 1976), American attorney and politician; grandson of the 41st U.S. president and nephew of the 43rd
* George Bush (pioneer) (1779–1863), first African-American settler in what is now Washington State
* USS George H.W. Bush, an aircraft carrier named after the former president
* George H.W. Bush (film), a 2008 two-part biographical television film
* George W. Bush (film), a 2020 biographical film
# Nasoni

The Nasoni are a Native American tribe from eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas.

## History

The Nasoni were divided into two bands. The Upper Nasoni, who lived along the Red River in the southwestern corner of Arkansas. They were affiliated with the Kadohadacho branch of the Caddo Confederacy. The Lower Nasoni, who lived between the Sabine and Angelina Rivers in present-day Rusk County, Texas. They were part of the branch of the Caddo Confederacy.
Hernando De Soto encountered the Lower Nasoni in 1541. During René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle's 1686 expedition, members of his party were greeted by the Lower Nasoni and carried into their town for welcoming festivities.
During the 17th through 19th centuries, European diseases, particularly smallpox, wreaked havoc upon Nasoni and other Caddo groups, forcing them to consolidate for survival.
In 1719, French explorers established a fort and trading post on the Red River, Le Poste des Cadodaquious, opposite of an Upper Nasoni village. They traded firearms, ammunition, metal tools, beads, clothing, and accessories for hides and horses. The Upper Nasoni allied with the French from 1719 to 1762.
In 1716, Spanish monks founded the San José de los Nazones Mission to serve the Nadaco and the Lower Nasoni tribes. The Lower Nasoni allied with the Spanish during the 18th century. By 1880, their population had been so ravaged by disease, that it is believed they assimilated into the Nadaco tribe.
Today, Nasoni people are enrolled in the Caddo Nation, headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.

## Synonymy

Hernando De Soto referred to the tribe as the Nassohone. The Lower Nasoni were called Nasaya, Nasayaha, Nasayaya, Nasoui, Nassoni, Nassonite, Nazone, Nazoni. The Nasoni were also called Assony and Nisohoni.
# Nasonia

Nasonia are a genus of small pteromalid parasitoid wasps that sting and lay eggs in the pupae of various flies. The fly species that Nasonia usually parasitize are primarily blow flies and flesh flies, making Nasonia a useful tool for biocontrol of these pest flies. The small match-head sized wasps are also referred to as jewel wasps based on the emerald sheen of their exoskeleton (visible in the adjacent image).
The wasp genus has acquired genes from the Pox virus and from Wolbachia in less than 100,000 years. Nasonia and other parasitic Hymenopterans appear to have evolved at a faster rate than most other insect orders, and it has been noted by a number of authors that this could be due to Wolbachia, different strains of which arguably infect or are endosymbionts of the differing species of Nasonia.
There are currently four described species in the genus Nasonia, N. vitripennis, N. longicornis, N. giraulti, and N. oneida. N. vitripennis is found worldwide; N. giraulti is found in eastern North America and N. longicornis is found in western North America. N. oneida was the most recently discovered, having been distinguished from N. giraulti as a separate species in 2010.

## Nasonia development

Upon encountering a suitable pupal host the Nasonia female uses her ovipositor (stinger) to drill a small hole through its chitinous outer puparium. She then commences to inject venom into the host before laying 20 to 40 small eggs on the hosts outer integument. After approximately 36 hours the eggs hatch and the small Nasonia larvae use their mandibles to feed on the host. Though the Nasonia young develop inside of the host's puparium, as they do not directly enter the body of their prey they are considered ectoparasites.
Unlike the venom of bees, which is primarily used in defense, Nasonia venom functions to prime the host as a good food source. Specifically, the venom causes developmental arrest in the host, thus redirecting energy from this process toward pathways that produce nutrients required by the developing Nasonia larvae.
After seven days the larvae stop feeding and move into the pupal stage where they remain for another 7 days, leading to a total developmental time from egg to adult of approximately 14 days at 25 °C. The Nasonia males, which emerge several hours before the females, escape by chewing small holes in the hosts puparium. The males wait by the escape holes for the emerging females (typically their sisters) upon which they immediately court in the attempt at mating.

## Genomics

In 2010 the Nasonia genome was announced after work over four years by an international consortium of research groups financed by the National Human Genome Research Institute. It is expected that the discovery will lead to applications in pest control.
# Nandor Sabo

Nandor Sabo Paloc (February 19, 1960) is a former wrestler who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics for Yugoslavia and in the 1992 Summer Olympics as an Independent Olympic participant.