OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quebracho Herrado, Argentina

Quebracho Herrado is a small community in San Justo Department of Córdoba Province, Argentina. It was the location of the famous Battle of Quebracho Herrado in 1840 during the civil wars. The town has about 317 inhabitants. It is about 238 kilometres (148 mi) from the city of Córdoba

## Climate

The climate is temperate with a dry season, registering an average annual temperature of 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures may fall below 0 °C (32 °F) and summer temperatures may rise above 35 °C (95 °F). Annual rainfall is about 800 millimetres (31 in).

## History

In the early nineteenth century, among the grasslands and thorn bushes that covered the interior of Argentina, there was a grove of quebracho trees (Schinopsis lorentzii) beside the cart track linking Córdoba to Santa Fe Province. A horseshoe was nailed to the trunk of the highest, which define the boundary between the provinces of Córdoba and Santa Fe. The name Quebracho Herrado refers to this tree, meaning "shod quebracho".
In 1816 the Buenos Aires government established a fort here, the Fuerte Posta de Quebracho Herrado.
On 28 November 1840, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the present municipality, the Battle of Quebracho Herrado was fought between a Unitarian army of 4,200 men led by Juan Lavalle and a Federalist army of 6,400 led by the former President of Uruguay Manuel Oribe. The latter were victorious. After the Unitarians took power in Argentina a few years later, the site of the battle was called Campo Lavalle.

## Economy

The main economic activity is agriculture followed by livestock raising. The main crops are soybeans and corn. Milk production and tourism are also important in the local economy. The town has a dispensary, a primary school, a police station and a community building in which most of the administrative functions are based.
# Football at the 2010 South Asian Games – Women's tournament

The women's football tournament of the 2010 South Asian Games is the first ever edition of the tournament. India won gold medal with a 3–1 win over Nepal.

## Group stage

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | India | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 | +25 | 12 | Advance to Final |
| 2 | Nepal | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 6 | +10 | 9 | Advance to Final |
| 3 | Bangladesh | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 8 | −5 | 6 | Bronze Medal |
| 4 | Pakistan | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 14 | −14 | 3 | |
| 5 | Sri Lanka | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 18 | −16 | 0 | |
* [Sri Lanka dns, preferring to catch a return flight to Colombo]
# Richard Freeman

Richard Freeman may refer to:
* Richard Freeman (bridge) (1933–2009), bridge player
* Richard Freeman (cryptozoologist) (born 1970), cryptozoologist and author
* Richard Freeman (Irish judge) (1646–1710), Lord Chancellor of Ireland
* R. Austin Freeman (1862–1943), British writer of detective stories
* Richard B. Freeman (born 1943), American economist
* Richard Cameron Freeman (1926–1999), U.S. federal judge
* Richard P. Freeman (1869–1944), U.S. Representative from Connecticut
* R. B. Freeman (1915–1986), Darwin bibliographer
* Richard Knill Freeman (1840–1904), British architect
* Richard Freeman (doctor) (born 1959/1960), sports physician and doctor
* Richard R. Freeman (born 1944), physicist, researcher and author
# Gate (cytometry)

A gate in cytometry is a set of value limits (boundaries) that serve to isolate a specific group of cytometric events from a large set. Gates can be defined by discrimination analysis, or can simply be drawn around a given set of data points on a printout and then converted to a computer-useful form. Gates can be implemented with a physical blinder. Gates may be used either to selectively gather data or to segregate data for analysis.

## Division

Gates are divided mathematically into inclusive gates and exclusive gates. Inclusive gates select data that falls within the limits set, while exclusive gates select data that falls outside the limits.

## Live gate

A live gate is a term used for a process that prevents the acquisition by the computer of non-selected data from the flow cytometer.
# Eldegard

Eldegard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arne Konrad Eldegard (1917–2018), Norwegian banker and politician
* Gunvor Eldegard (born 1963), Norwegian politician
* Sigurd Eldegard (1866–1950), Norwegian actor, playwright, and theatre director
# Elachista watti

Elachista watti is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Philpott in 1924. It is found in New Zealand.
The wingspan is 7-8.5 mm. The forewings are metallic white with a linear spot of fuscous below the fold at three-fifths and a median fuscous streak from three-fourths to near the apex. The hindwings are greyish-fuscous.$^{:213}$
# Pearce v R

Pearce v R is an Australian legal case decided in the High Court.
In criminal law the case is an important authority, particularly for its statements of principle which apply to the laws of double jeopardy and sentencing in Australia.
The case involved two charges that had arisen from a single course of conduct of Pearce, in which he had broken into the victim's home and beaten them.
According to LawCite, it is the 26th most cited case of the High Court.

## Facts

The appellant, Pearce had been charged with multiple offences involving the same course of conduct. Pearce had broken and entered a house, and seriously assaulted the occupant inside.
After a guilty finding, he was sentenced concurrently for two offences, but cumulatively for another.
Pearce argued that the sentence should not have been imposed cumulatively; he argued that to do so for offences that arose on the same course of conduct, would be contrary to the double jeopardy rule.

## Judgement

The majority ruled that the lower court had erred by imposing a cumulative sentence. Instead, they said, the court should have worked out what the punishment should have been for each charge; and then imposed a sentence reflecting which sort of punishment ought be put in place overall.

## Significance

The case is particularly well known for an important statement about sentencing law by the majority, which has since been cited numerous times since. The passage reads:
   'To an offender, the only relevant question may be "how long", and that may suggest that a sentencing judge or appellate court should have regard only to the total effective sentence that is to be or has been imposed on the offender. Such an approach is likely to mask error. A judge sentencing an offender for more than one offence must fix an appropriate sentence for each offence and then consider questions of cumulation or concurrence, as well, of course, as questions of totality'
It is also well known for a highly cited passage regarding the doctrine of double jeopardy, as it applies to sentencing:
   To the extent to which two offences of which an offender stands convicted contain common elements, it would be wrong to punish that offender twice for the commission of the elements that are common. No doubt that general principle must yield to any contrary legislative intention, but the punishment to be exacted should reflect what an offender has done; it should not be affected by the way in which the boundaries of particular offences are drawn. Often those boundaries will be drawn in a way that means that offences overlap. To punish an offender twice if conduct falls in that area of overlap would be to punish offenders according to the accidents of legislative history, rather than according to their just deserts.
# Gandaca harina

Gandaca harina, the tree yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in India, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Indonesia. The species was first described by Thomas Horsfield in 1829.

## Subspecies

* Gandaca harina assamica Moore, 1906 – (Assam, Sikkim, Bengal)
* Gandaca harina andamana Moore, 1906 – (Andaman)
* Gandaca harina nicobarica Evans, 1932 – (Nicobar)
* Gandaca harina harina – (Java)
* Gandaca harina burmana Moore, 1906 – (S.Burma, Thailand - S.Vietnam)
* Gandaca harina auriflua Fruhstorfer, 1899 – (Sula Is., Banggai)
* Gandaca harina distanti Fruhstorfer, 1910 – (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Langkawi, Sumatra)
* Gandaca harina austrosundana Fruhstorfer, 1910 – (Lombok)
# William Shirley Mathews

William Shirley Mathews was an Osage politician who served in several positions of Osage Nation government. He served as the Osage Nation treasurer between 1882 and 1886, chief justice between 1890 and 1892, and prosecuting attorney between 1894 and 1896, as well as on the tribal council from 1910 and 1912. He was also the father of John Joseph Mathews.

## Early life and career

William Shirley Mathews was born on September 15, 1848, in Fort Gibson, Creek Nation, Indian Territory, to John Allen Mathews and Sarah Williams (1816–1856), the daughter of William S. Williams and his Osage wife A-Ci'n-Ga. He was educated by Jesuits at the Osage Mission's post in St. Paul, Kansas. During the American Civil War, his father was a Confederate guerilla. At the age of twelve he rode to the Osage Mission to warn Father Schoenmakers that a gang of guerrillas led by his father was heading to the mission, saving the priests there. His father was killed by Union Army forces on September 19, 1861, leaving Mathews an orphan. He travelled to Texas with his brother Edward where they found work as cowboys.
They later worked the cattle trails and settled in the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory. In 1874, Will and Edward moved to the Osage Nation after their removal to Osage County. He built a cattle ranch with his brother, which he worked until he lost a leg in an accident. Afterward he worked as a banker and merchant, buying a gristmill built by the United States and operating it until 1903. By 1907, Mathews had founded the Osage Mercantile Company, the most prominent general store in the Osage Nation.

## Osage Nation politics

Mathews served as the Osage Nation treasurer from 1882 and 1886, chief justice from 1890 to 1892, and prosecuting attorney from 1894 to 1896. During the allotment of the Osage Nation, Mathews served as a delegate to the United States Congress alongside other Osage leaders such as Bacon Rind, Fred Lookout, and James Bigheart, on four occasions. After Oklahoma statehood, he served on the Osage Nation tribal council between 1910 and 1912.

## Personal life and family

He married Pauline "Jennie" Eugenia Girardin 1887 in Osage County. The couple had eight children: Sarah Josephine (b. 1888), Susan Frances (1889–1891), George Martin (1891), William N. (1892-1895), John Joseph Mathews, Marie Imogene (b. 1897), Lilian Bernard (b. 1899), and Florence Julia (b. 1902). He died on March 15, 1915.
# Cai Xiaoli

Cai Xiaoli (born 21 November 1979), also known as Cai Xiao Li, is a retired Chinese-born Singaporean international table tennis player.
Cai was born in Beijing, China in 1979. He moved to Singapore under the Foreign Sports Talent Scheme.
In 2004 he won the Commonwealth Championships mixed doubles with partner Zhang Xueling. He was on Singapore A team at the 2006 Australian Open, where he won the Mixed Doubles with partner Sun Beibei.
In January 2008 his world ranking was 155.
Cai competed at the following international events:
* World Championships: 2005 men's singles, 2007 men's singles, 2007 mixed doubles, 2009 men's singles, 2009 men's doubles, 2009 mixed doubles
* Olympic Games: 2008 men's team
* Commonwealth Games: 2002, 2006, 2010 men's singles, 2010 mixed doubles
* Asian Games: 2002 men's singles, 2002 men's doubles, 2002 mixed doubles, 2006 men's doubles, 2006 men's team, 2010 men's team
* Southeast Asian Games: 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009
Cai retired in 2011 and became the assistant coach of the national women's table tennis team.
# For Pete's Sake

For Pete's Sake may refer to:
* For Pete's Sake!, a 1934 Our Gang short
* For Pete's Sake (film), a 1974 American screwball comedy
* "For Pete's Sake" (Luke Cage), a 2018 television episode
* "For Pete's Sake", a song by Pete Rock & CL Smooth from Mecca and the Soul Brother, 1992
* "For Pete's Sake", a song by the Monkees from Headquarters, 1967
# Big Soul Productions

Big Soul Productions is a film and television production company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is notable for being Aboriginal owned and operated. Big Soul was established in August 1999 by Laura J. Milliken and Jennifer Podemski.

## Programs

From 2003 Big Soul produced Moccasin Flats, a dramatic series which subsequently was nominated for several Gemini Awards.
From 2001 to 2003, Big Soul Productions also produced three seasons of The Seventh Generation, a youth television series.
In 2000, Big Soul began a series of empowerment workshops titled repREZentin' to train Aboriginal youth in all areas of filmmaking. Many of these projects resulted in completed half-hour films that were broadcast on APTN, including the "Moccasin Flats", a short film which was later adapted into the television series.
| Year | Title | Director |
| 2008 | By The Rapids (series) | Joseph Lazare |
| 2008 | Moccasin Flats: Redemption | Rob King |
| 2007 | I'm Not The Indian You Had In Mind | Thomas King |
| 2007 | By the Rapids | Joseph Lazare |
| 2007 | Good Looking | Joseph Lazare |
| 2007 | RoadMusic with Derek Miller | Laura Milliken |
| 2006 | 133 Skyway | Randy Redroad |
| 2006 | Moccasin Flats Season 3 | Various |
| 2005 | Moccasin Flats Season 2 | Various |
# Rhyssoplax stangeri

Rhyssoplax stangeri is a species of chiton in the family Chitonidae.
# Eldershaw

Eldershaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
   * M. Barnard Eldershaw, pseudonym used by Australian literary collaborators Marjorie Barnard and Flora Eldershaw
# Elachista zabella

Elachista zabella is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Pierre Chrétien in 1908. It is found in Algeria.
# Wilton Water

Wilton Water (or Wide Waters) is a small reservoir, southwest of the village of Great Bedwyn in the English county of Wiltshire, which supplies the summit pound of the Kennet and Avon Canal with water. The reservoir lies in the parish of Grafton and collects rainfall from the eastern end of the Vale of Pewsey and the surrounding hills.
It was created by John Blackwell in 1836, by damming a narrow branching valley, and is fed by natural springs. In addition to supplying water for the canal, which is pumped by Crofton Pumping Station, it provides a haven for wildlife. It has been stocked with rainbow trout.
When the canal was built, there were no reliable water sources available to fill the summit by normal gravitational means. However, a set of usable springs were found adjacent to the canal route about one mile (2 km) east of the summit pound, and about 40 feet (12 m) below it. Arrangements were made for these springs to feed the pound below lock 60 at Crofton Locks. Some years later, the reservoir was created to enhance the supply to this pound.
The reservoir outfall and sluices are designated as Grade II listed structures.
# California Valley (Inyo County)

California Valley is a valley in Inyo County, California. It has an elevation of 2582 feet. It lies between the Nopah Range (to the west and north) and the Kingston Range (to the east and south).
# 3rd (East Prussian) Cuirassiers "Count Wrangel"

The 3rd (East Prussian) Cuirassiers “Count Wrangel” were a heavy cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. Formed in 1717 as a dragoons unit, the regiment was reorganized as cuirassiers in 1818. The regiment fought in the Silesian Wars, the War of the Sixth Coalition, the Austro-Prussian War, the Franco-Prussian War and World War I.
# Gambling Devices Act of 1962

The Gambling Devices Act of 1962 amends the Johnson Act of 1951. This act defines a "gambling machine" as a slot machine, roulette wheel, or:
"any other machine or mechanical device which is designed and manufactured primarily for use in connection with gambling, and any subassembly or essential part to be used in any such machines, but which is not attached to any such machine or mechanical device as a constituent part."
This act requires businesses and people involved in gambling devices to register annually with the attorney general.
All gambling machines are required to have serial numbers and the name of the manufacturer and the date it was manufactured.
# Rhyssostelma

Rhyssostelma is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. It contains only one known species, Rhyssostelma nigricans, endemic to Argentina.
# Pierre Leduc

Pierre Leduc or Le Duc (17 February 1755 – 18 October 1826) was a French violinist and music publisher, active from 1775 to 1811.

## Biography

The younger brother of violinist and composer Simon Le Duc (born in 1742), Pierre Leduc was likewise a violinist. He studied with his brother, and his repertoire featured works by Simon. He was presented at the Concert Spirituel in spring 1770 and often appeared thereafter with favorable reviews. The brothers sometimes played together, Simon "the older" willingly leaving the first part to Pierre "the young," as they were described on the title page of the scores.
His publishing activities began in March 1775. Simon published his works independently. Although monopolized by his editorial job, his concertizing activities continued despite everything at the Concert spirituel. In 1776, he married the daughter of the publisher Henry.
In 1782, he acquired the fund of editor Preudhomme, and in December 1784, took over that of Louis-Balthazar de La Chevardière. Some sources state that he bought Venier's business around 1781–1782 but this is incorrect, as Venier was bought by Charles-Georges Boyer in 1784.
His catalog was diverse. It consisted at first of serious chamber and orchestral pieces, then, beginning in the 1790s, of a larger quantity of light music for amateurs. Composers such as Antonio Salieri (Les Danaïdes), Luigi Boccherini, and Joseph Haydn, were part of his catalog.
Following a brief experience in piano manufacturing, which brought him close to bankruptcy in March 1804, he settled for some time in Hamburg, but resumed his Parisian business in August 1808. Apparently it was his son, Auguste Leduc (1779-1823), who acted in his absence. Upon his return, he worked together with his second son, Jean-Jacques Leduc (1792-1855), and published music magazines until February 1811, when he retired.
In November 1819, he was a music teacher in Bordeaux; there he died in poverty in October 1826.
Alphonse Leduc (1804–1868), also a music publisher from 1842, had no connection with Pierre or his sons.
# Martial Bourquin

Martial Bourquin (born 23 July 1952) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Doubs department, and he is a municipal councillor for the city of Aundincourt. He is a member of the Socialist Party.
# Elachista vulcana

Elachista vulcana is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in Spain and Morocco.
The wingspan is 12–12.5 mm for males and 14 mm for females.
# Penicillium parvum

Penicillium parvum is an anamorph species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from soil in Papua New Guinea. Penicillium parvum produces ferrichrome siderophores
Phytochemical investigation of the soil microfungus Eupenicillum parvum led to the isolation of two new compounds: a chromone derivative euparvione and a new mycophenolic derivative euparvilactone, as well as thirteen known compounds. Several isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro binding assays using opioid receptors (subtypes δ, κ, and μ) and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Compound 10 displayed the best selective μ-opioid receptor and CB1 receptor binding affinities showing values of 47% and 52% at a 10 μM concentration, respectively. These findings provide insight into the potential therapeutic utility of this class of compounds.
# Mynydd Carn-y-cefn

Mynydd Carn-y-cefn (grid reference SO1808) is the name given to the broad ridge of high ground between the Ebbw Vale and the valley of the Ebbw Fach in the Valleys region of South Wales. It lies within the county borough of Blaenau Gwent, formerly Monmouthshire.
The broad-topped ridge runs NNW-SSE and achieves a summit height of 550 metres (1,800 ft) at a point crowned by a trig point at OS grid ref SO 187084 between Ebbw Vale and Blaina. It is a Marilyn with a prominence of 176 metres.

## Geology

The entire hill is composed of sandstones and mudstones dating from the Carboniferous Period. There are also numerous coal seams within the sequence, most of which have been worked. The upper part of the hill including the summit plateau is formed from the Pennant Sandstone, a rock assigned to the Carboniferous Upper Coal Measures. The flanks of the hill owe their steepness in part to the action of glacial ice during the succession of ice ages.
There are also 3 other hills surrounding Mynydd Carn-y-Cefn which are Coity Mountain and Mulfran. You can also see Pen y Fan from the summit. There are numerous landslips on the flanks of the ridge, notably above Blaina.

## Access

A minor public road runs along the western edge of the plateau. Most of the ridge has been mapped as open country under the CRoW Act thus giving a right of access to walkers. There are a number of public footpaths and other public rights of way across and along the ridge.