OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Neuralstem, Inc.

Neuralstem Inc. is a biotechnology company headquartered in Rockville, Maryland that specializes in developing commercial-scale production of multiple types of central nervous system stem cells. In October 2019 Neuralstem announces that the company has changed its name to Seneca Biopharma, Inc. In April 2021 Seneca Biopharma merged with Leading BioSciences to form the combined company Palisade Bio, Inc.

## Company information

Neuralstem's patented technology enables the production of neural stem cells of the brain and spinal cord in commercial quantities, and the ability to control the differentiation of these cells constitutively into mature, physiologically relevant human neurons and glial cells. Neuralstem’s NSI-566 spinal cord-derived stem cell therapy Phase II clinical trials for ALS concluded final surgeries in July 2014. Discussion for phase 3 trials began in late 2020 with the FDA.
Neuralstem was awarded orphan status designation by the FDA for its ALS cell therapy. In addition to ALS, the company is also targeting major CNS conditions with its NSI-566 cell therapy platform, including spinal cord injury and ischemic stroke. The company has received approvals from the FDA and the Institutional Review Board of University of California, San Diego, to commence a Phase I safety trial in chronic spinal cord injury.
Neuralstem also maintains the ability to generate stable human neural stem cell lines suitable for systematic screening of large chemical libraries. Through this proprietary screening technology, Neuralstem has discovered and patented compounds that may stimulate the brain's capacity to generate neurons, possibly reversing pathologies associated with certain CNS conditions. The company also developed NSI-189, its first neurogenic small molecule product candidate, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). It sold NSI-189 in 2021 to an unknown buyer for up to $4.9 million.
# Bireswar Vivekananda

Bireswar Vivekananda is a 1964 Indian Bengali-language biographical film about the Indian Hindu religious leader, Swami Vivekananda. The film was directed by Madhu Bose. The film was made under the banner of Sebak Chitra Pratisthan. Anil Bagchi was the music composer of this film. Amaresh Das played the main character and Swami Vivekananda and Gurudas Bandyopadhyay played the character Ramakrishna.

## Cast

* Amaresh Das as Swami Vivekananda
* Gurudas Bandyopadhyay as Ramakrishna
* Molina Debi
* Mihir Bhattacharya
* Bipin Gupta
* Jahar Ganguly
* Gangapada Basu
* Jiben Bose
* Premangshu Bose
* Priti Majumdar
* Swapan Kumar
# 1794 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1794.

## Paleontologists

* French paleontologist Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps is born.

## Animals

* Ursus spelaeus, the Cave Bear, is described.
# Acleris albiscapulana

Acleris albiscapulana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku), the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East (Ussuri). The habitat consists of fir-yew broad-leaved and oak forests.
The wingspan is 17–20 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to June and again from August to October. The species probably overwinters as an adult.
# Brachythrix (fly)

Brachythrix is a genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Species

* Brachythrix dileucostigma McFadden, 1970

## Distribution

Mexico.
# Xiajiadian culture

Xiajiadian culture is the name of two distinct Bronze Age cultures in northeast China:
* Lower Xiajiadian culture (2200-1600 BCE)
* Upper Xiajiadian culture (1000-600 BCE)
# Erjavec

Erjavec is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Davor Erjavec (born 1970), German water polo player
* Karl Erjavec (born 1960), Slovenian lawyer and politician
* Mladen Erjavec (born 1970), Croatian basketball coach and player
* Nataša Erjavec (born 1968), Slovenian athlete
* Veronika Erjavec (born 1999), Slovenian tennis player
# Nursipalu training area

Nursipalu training area is one of the six military training fields used by the Estonian Defence Forces. It is located in Võru and Rõuge municipalities in Võru County. It occupies most of Tsirgupalu village territory, southern part of Hänike village and southeastern part of Mustassaare village. The area of the training area is approximately 3,300 ha (8,200 acres).

## History

During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Nursipalu training area was part of the Soviet Army Visnevski military-campus and training area for Soviet Airborne Troops and missile brigade with the area of 3,703 ha.

### Establishment

Nursipalu training area was established on 14 February 2008, with the Government Order No. 79 "Establishment of the Defense Forces Nursipalu training area and handing over the state property."
# Nursling railway station

Nursling railway station served the village of Nursling near Southampton, England.

## History

The Andover and Redbridge Railway was authorised in 1858 and opened in 1865, by which time it had been absorbed by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR), this occurring in 1863. The station at Nursling was opened by the LSWR on 19 November 1882. Becoming part of the Southern Railway during the Grouping of 1923, the station passed to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was closed by the British Transport Commission on 16 September 1957.

## The site today

The station house is in use as a private residence, although the platforms have been demolished. Trains still pass the site on the Wessex Main Line.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Redbridge | London & South Western Railway Andover and Redbridge railway | Romsey |
# Güzel, Çermik

Güzel is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çermik, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 182 (2022).
# Nunwick Hall

Nunwick Hall is a privately owned 18th-century country house near Simonburn, Northumberland in North East England. The estate has been the home of the Allgood family since the 17th century. The house is a Grade II* listed building but is not open to the public.
In 1738 Lancelot Allgood married his cousin Jane Allgood, who was heiress to the Nunwick estate, and they built the present three-storey five-bayed house to a Georgian style design by architect Daniel Garrett.
Improvements made in 1829 by architect Ignatius Bonomi included a new entrance porch and east wing.
The grounds were laid out in 1760 and are protected as a Registered Historic Park and as a Grade II listed building.
The ruinous Simonburn Castle to the west was partly rebuilt as a Gothic eye-catcher or folly in 1766, to be seen from Nunwick Hall, but has since collapsed.

## High Sheriffs of Northumberland

Members of the Allgood family have served as High Sheriff of Northumberland:
* 1746: Lancelot Allgood of Nunwick Hall.
* 1786: James Allgood of Nunwick Hall.
* 1818: Robert Lancelot Allgood of Nunwick Hall.
* 1858: Lancelot John Hunter Allgood, of Nunwick Hall.
* 1954: Guy Hunter Allgood of Nunwick Hall, Simonsburn.
* 1984: Lancelot Guy Allgood, of Nunwick, Simonburn, Hexham.
# Gœulzin

Gœulzin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Gœulzin | The arms of Gœulzin are blazoned : Gules, a pall ermine. |
# Erwin Vollmer

Erwin Vollmer (October 19, 1884 in Berlin – June 27, 1973 in Rehlingen) was a German painter and sculptor, specialising in landscape paintings and nude and animal sculptures in terracotta and bronze. He was the brother of art historian Hans Vollmer. His works are now a part of the collections of the Altonaer Museum and the Pomeranian State Museum, among others.
# Eryngium leavenworthii

Eryngium leavenworthii, also known as Leavenworth's eryngo, is an annual plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to the central United States. It can reach heights up to 3 feet. It inhabits dry rocky prairies, roadside fields, open woodlands and waste areas. The plant is mostly found in areas with limestone or chalk soils. Its flowers appear between July and September, although in some areas the flowers may bloom as late as November. The flower ranges in length from 1 1/2" to 3" and in width approximately 1/2". It is frequently mistaken for thistle. The flowers sit atop elongated stems on spiked leaves and form cones of purple or wine colored, tightly clustered blossoms that resemble small fuzzy pineapples. It was named after, Melines Conklin Leavenworth (1796–1862) who is credited with its discovery.
# Gymnogryllus

Gymnogryllus is a genus of crickets in family Gryllidae and tribe Gryllini. Species are recorded from Africa, Asia and Australia.

## Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:
* Gymnogryllus amani Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988
* Gymnogryllus angustus (Saussure, 1877)
* Gymnogryllus birmanus Chopard, 1928
* Gymnogryllus borneensis Ichikawa, 1996
* Gymnogryllus brachyxiphus Chopard, 1931
* Gymnogryllus brevicauda Chopard, 1937
* Gymnogryllus brevipennis Chopard, 1934
* Gymnogryllus capensis Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988
* Gymnogryllus castaneus Bolívar, 1910
* Gymnogryllus caviceps (Karsch, 1893)
* Gymnogryllus chabanaudi Chopard, 1925
* Gymnogryllus compactus (Walker, 1869)
* Gymnogryllus contractus Liu, Yin & Liu, 1995
* Gymnogryllus corroboree Otte & Alexander, 1983
* Gymnogryllus cylindricollis (Bolívar, 1910)
* Gymnogryllus dinictis Gorochov, 2011
* Gymnogryllus dolichodens Ma & Zhang, 2011
* Gymnogryllus ebneri (Chopard, 1927)
* Gymnogryllus equinus Gorochov, 2001
* Gymnogryllus extrarius Ma & Zhang, 2011
* Gymnogryllus fascipes Chopard, 1969
* Gymnogryllus joburgensis Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988
* Gymnogryllus kashmirensis Bhowmik, 1967
* Gymnogryllus kuznetzovi Gorochov, 1992
* Gymnogryllus leucostictus (Burmeister, 1838) - type species (as Gryllus elegans Guérin-Méneville)
* Gymnogryllus longus Ma & Zhang, 2011
* Gymnogryllus machairodus Gorochov, 1996
* Gymnogryllus malayanus Desutter-Grandcolas, 1996
* Gymnogryllus manokwari Gorochov, 2011
* Gymnogryllus novaeguineae Chopard, 1937
* Gymnogryllus obscurus Gorochov, 2011
* Gymnogryllus odonopetalus Xie & Zheng, 2003
* Gymnogryllus pravdini Gorochov, 1990
* Gymnogryllus pulvillatus (Saussure, 1877)
* Gymnogryllus smilodon Gorochov, 1996
* Gymnogryllus striatus Ma & Zhang, 2011
* Gymnogryllus sylvestris Gorochov, 2011
* Gymnogryllus tumidulus Ma & Zhang, 2011
* Gymnogryllus unexpectus Gorochov & Kostia, 1999
* Gymnogryllus vicinus (Chopard, 1955)
* Gymnogryllus vietnamensis Gorochov, 1992
* Gymnogryllus yunnanensis Ma & Zhang, 2011
# Gymnogramma hollandi

Gymnogramma hollandi is a moth of the Lacturidae family. It is only known from the Republic of the Congo.
Antennae has a length of two-thirds of the forewings, basal joint enlarged, in the male biciliate. The forewings are stone grey. The forewings' expanse is 22–25 mm.
The type was provided from the Republic of the Congo, valley of the Ogooué River, Kangwé.
# Gymnostoma nobile

Gymnostoma nobile is a species of tree endemic to northern Borneo.
Gymnostoma nobile is native to heath forests, also known as kerangas forests, which grow on nutrient-poor soils. It is a nitrogen-fixing plant.
# Eselsbach (Ette)

Eselsbach is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the right headstream of the Ette (the Tierbach is the left one).
# Eselsbach

Eselsbach may refer to following rivers of Germany:
* Eselsbach (Else) of North Rhine-Westphalia, left tributary of the Else
* Eselsbach (Warmenau) of North Rhine-Westphalia, right tributary of the Warmenau
* Eselsbach (Ette) of Baden-Württemberg, headstream of the Ette
* Eselsbach (Großbach) of Rhineland-Palatinate, tributary of the Großbach
# Générations

Générations is a French radio station based in Paris and created in 1992, dedicated to several genres such as hip-hop (rap music and R&B), soul music and disco. On June 15, 1992, EFM Intergénération was definitively authorized to broadcast on the Paris FM band by the CSA.
# HMS Bustler

Several ships of the British Royal Navy have borne the name Bustler:
* HMS Bustler (1782) was the mercantile Shillelagh, which the Admiralty purchased in January 1782. She was sold in 1788 and returned to mercantile service. In 1793 she became a privateer and made one notable capture. She then became a West Indiaman that the French captured in 1795.
* HMS Bustler (1805) was a Confounder-class brig that the French captured in 1808 when she grounded near Cap Gris-Nez and attempts to burn her failed. The French Navy took her into service as Bustler. The British recaptured her in 1813 while she was serving as station ship at Zierikzee after attempts to scuttle her failed.
* HMS Bustler (1853) was a paddle tug, formerly Merry Andrew, purchased in 1855 for Crimean War service. She was sold in 1893
* HMS Bustler (1890), a 346 GRT iron paddle tug, formerly Conqueror, purchased in 1896; sold in 1921
* HMS Bustler (1941) was a diesel rescue tug launched at Leith in 1941 that participated in Operation Overlord and was later transferred to the RFA. She was sold in 1973, subsequently trading as Mocni and Smjeli and then broken up in 1989
* RMAS Bustler (A225) was a diesel dockyard tug built at Hessle in 1981 for the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service. She was later operated by Serco Denholm as SD Bustler, and sold in 2013.

## Citations

* ↑ Lyon & Winfield (2004), p. 171.
* 1 2 Colledge (1970), p. 60.
* ↑ "Bustler". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
* ↑ "Bustler". Shipping and Shipbuilding. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
# Ernst Aust

Ernst Aust (12 April 1923 – 25 August 1985) was a German communist political activist and journalist. He was the founder of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninists (KPD/ML).

## Biography

Aust was born into a working-class family. During the Second World War, he was taken prisoner by the British. There he met German communists and began studying Marxist works. Aust became a member of the Communist Party of Germany and the Cultural Association for the Democratic Renewal of Germany. From 1951 he worked as an editor of the Hamburger Volkszeitung.
In 1953, Aust took over the coastal magazine Blinkfüer, which emerged from the Movement for the Liberation of Heligoland, on behalf of the party. Aust was a staunch opponent of de-Stalinization and sided with the People's Republic of China during the Sino-Soviet split. In June 1967, Aust began publishing the newspaper Roter Morgen.
On 31 December 1968, Aust founded the Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninists (KPD/ML) in Hamburg – one of the first K-Gruppens in Germany. After the extraordinary party conference at the end of 1971, the party elected him as its chairman.
The party later split several times. As early as 1970, Aust fell out with Willi Dickhut, the editor of the theoretical organ Revolutionärer Weg. Dickhut later became the founder of the Communist Workers' Association of Germany (KABD), a merger of the KPD/ML (Revolutionary Way) and the Communist Workers' Association/Marxist–Leninists (KAB/ML), the latter from which today's Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany later emerged. While Dickhut remained a Maoist even after the death of Mao Zedong, Aust followed the course of the Albanian communists under Enver Hoxha after 1978.
# Nuagisme

Nuagisme (French pronunciation:; literally Cloudism) is a French art-critical term for an art movement that was advanced in the 1950s by French art critic Julien Alvard (1916–1974) in which young French and foreign painters participated in France. Nuagisme lasted between 1955 and 1973.

## Art historical context

The major contribution of Nuagist painting was to find (and encourage) transparency and depth in painting that the cold flatness of Geometric abstraction had rejected from the pictorial field. Nuagisme can be considered part of the art movements called Lyrical Abstraction, Arte Informale and Tachism.

## Style

René Duvillier's whirlpools, Frédéric Benrath's knots and volutes, Fernando Lerin's obscure forms reflected Nuagisme's openness to natural elements which can sometimes evoke clouds. Most Nuagisme exhibitions were organized between 1955 and 1973 by Alvard. The painters participating in these exhibitions were not always the same, but were regularly influenced both by American Abstract expressionism and by the Japanese painting and Chinese painting traditions. For example, Nuagisme is marked by the use of emptiness, which suggests infinity.
Nuagist painters embraced the imaginative faculties of natural effects, leading to painted abstract landscapes designed as a link between external nature and the internal landscape. They do not reproduce skies in a figurative approach, but paint clouds for their vitality. Materialism is also called into question by the Nuagist painters who expressed the fluidity of elusive spaces by blotting with a rag on freshly painted backgrounds. This blotting contributed to the desired Nuagist transparency effect.

## Artists

* Jean Messagier
* Frédéric Benrath
* René Duvillier
* Pierre Graziani
* René Laubiès
* Marcelle Loubchansky
* Nasser Assar
* Fernando Lerin
# Nuakea (deity)

In Hawaiian mythology, Nuakea is a beneficent goddess of milk and lactation.
This name was also a title for a wet nurse of royal prince, according to David Malo.
Nuakea was appealed to staunch the flow of milk in the mother's breasts.

## Euhemerism

There was a chiefess named after the goddess—Nuʻakea, wife of Keʻoloʻewa, chief of Molokai.
Martha Warren Beckwith suggested that Nuʻakea was deified.
According to the myth, Nuʻakea was a goddess who came to Earth and married mortal chief Keʻoloʻewa, but it is known that historical Nuʻakea was born on Oahu.
# Esenköy, Yenipazar

Esenköy is a village in the Yenipazar District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 88 (2021).
# Nörda Karwia

Nörda Karwia is a football club based in Karwia, Kashubia, Poland. As of the 2024–25 season, the club competes in Klasa B, the eighth level in the Polish league pyramid. The club is notable both for incorporating the Kashubian language in its name and for playing in the most northerly football league ground in Poland.

## History

The club was founded in 1994 and had its most successful period from 2008, when Nörda spent five seasons in the Klasa A. Their most successful campaign was the 2008–09 season in which they finished 8th in the Klasa A with 38 points. After taking over at the end of 2017 the current manager, Jarosław Pieper, prevented the club dissolving and kept them in the league. Under Pieper's tutelage the team managed to reach 5th place in the Klasa B 2019 season and aimed to fight for a higher position the following season.

## Ground

Nörda plays at Stadion Boisko w Karwii, the most northerly league football stadium of any football club in Poland. The ground is located just 50 metres from the Baltic Sea. In 2008, the club's pitch was destroyed by wild boar.

## Colours

The club's home strip incorporates the yellow and blue colours of the regional club Arka Gdynia who have a strong fanbase in the town.
# Estelle Savasta

Estelle Savasta is a French playwright and theatre director. She runs the theatre company Hippolyte a mal au cœur. Her first play Seule dans ma peau d’âne was critically acclaimed. Her second play Traversée has been translated into English as Going Through and was staged at the Bush Theatre in London in 2019.
# Nzo Ekangaki

Nzo Ekangaki (22 March 1934 – 3 June 2005) was a Cameroonian political figure. He served as the Secretary-General of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) from 1972 to 1974.

## Biography

Ekangaki was born in Nguti, Kumba Division. In the 1950s he wrote the books An Introduction to Eastern Kamerun, published in 1956, and To the Nigeria People, published in 1958. After studying in West Germany, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Cameroon in 1961, and he became a member of the National Federal Assembly when the two Cameroons were united; he was re-elected in April 1964. On 14 February 1962, he was named Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, and on 25 May 1965 he was named Minister of Labor. He served in the latter position until he was elected Secretary-General of the OAU during the 19th meeting of the Council of Ministers of the OAU on 15 June 1972 in Rabat, Morocco. He succeeded Diallo Telli of Guinea, who had served as Secretary-General of the OAU for 8 years.
Having fallen afoul of African leaders, Ekangaki resigned in 1974. Ahmadou Ahidjo, the President of Cameroon, was unhappy with both Ekangaki's independent style at the OAU and his resignation. Back in Cameroon, Ahidjo sent Ekangaki to work as Technical Adviser at the Ministry of Territorial Administration, a very minor post for someone so prominent; Ekangaki remained there from 1974 to 1985. Subsequently Ekangaki worked at the Presidency as Adviser for Administrative Affairs under President Paul Biya from 1985 to 1989.
Ekangaki died at Yaoundé on 3 June 2005 and was buried in Nguti on 25 June.
# Nzolameso v City of Westminster

Nzolameso v City of Westminster was a 2015 judgment by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom that considered the way that local councils fulfil their duty to house the homeless. Section 208(1) of the Housing Act 1996 requires all local housing authorities to secure accommodation within their own district "so far as reasonably practicable".

## Facts

In November 2012, Titina Nzolameso, a single mother of five children was evicted from her home in Westminster. She applied to Westminster City Council under the relevant homelessness provisions and in January 2013 the council offered her a house in Bletchley (approximately 50 miles away). Ms. Nzolameso turned this offer down on the basis that she was settled in Westminster, had ongoing health concerns and did not want her children to have to change schools. Given that the offer of housing had been refused, Westminster City Council then served notice that their housing duty had come to an end. Ms. Nzolameso then sought to review the decision under s.202 of the Housing Act 1996.

## Judgment
### Supreme Court

The decision by Westminster City Council that their housing duty had come to an end was quashed.
Handing down the leading judgment Lady Hale stated that because the authority had not explained and evidenced the reasons for their decision as required
   It follows that the authority cannot show that their offer of the property in Bletchley was sufficient to discharge their legal obligations towards the appellant under the 1996 Act. Moreover, their notification to the appellant that their duty towards her had come to an end was purportedly given in circumstances where she did not know, and had no means of knowing, what, if any, consideration had been given to providing accommodation in or nearer to the borough, apart from the general standard paragraph in the letter offering her the Bletchley accommodation the previous day.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Para 32. "an obligation to give reasons for a decision is imposed so that the persons affected by the decision may know why they have won or lost and, in particular, may be able to judge whether the decision is valid and therefore unchallengeable or invalid and therefore open to challenge: see R v City of Westminster, Ex p Ermakov (1996) 28 HLR 819, at 826-827"
# HMAS Otway

Two submarines of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Otway.
* HMAS Otway (1927), an Odin-class submarine launched in 1926 and transferred to the Royal Navy in 1931.
* HMAS Otway (S 59), an Oberon-class submarine launched in 1966, and decommissioned in 1994. The casing and fin are preserved in a public park in the inland town of Holbrook, New South Wales.