# Certified copy

A certified copy is a copy (often a photocopy) of a primary document that has on it an endorsement or certificate that it is a true copy of the primary document. It does not certify that the primary document is genuine, only that it is a true copy of the primary document.
A certified copy is often used in English-speaking common law countries as a convenient way of providing a copy of documents. It is usually inexpensive to obtain. A certified copy may be required for official government or court purposes and for commercial purposes. It avoids the owner of important documents (especially identity documents) giving up possession of those documents which might mean a risk of their loss or damage.
It has some similarities to a notarized copy, which is a form used in some countries, and particularly in some US states. A notarized copy is signed by a notary public (not to be confused with a notary in a civil law country).
The certified copy is signed by a person nominated by the person or agency asking for it. Typically, the person is referred to as an authorised person. The person who is authorised to sign the certificate will vary between countries. Sometimes a person is authorised by legislation to do so (for example a court clerk, solicitor, or notary public), but this is not always so. In some countries, for example the United Kingdom and South Africa, identity documents can also be certified by authorised post office staff.
A copy of a primary document that is to be used internationally may have to be in the form of a notarized copy rather than a certified copy. A notarized copy may be more expensive to obtain. A copy of a document to be used internationally may also have to comply with special rules - Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents.
If the primary document needs to be translated, an additional certificate is usually required. Typically, the document must be translated professionally and have the professional's certificate of accuracy attached to the translation together with a copy of the primary document. Then, the primary document, the translation, and the certificate of accuracy are photocopied in the form of a certified copy. For example, a Russian birth certificate used in an English-speaking country, a notarized copy will be required.

## Australia

In Australia, certified copies are largely the creation of administrative practice. Some Commonwealth and State legislation do require the use of certified copies or state classes of people who can lawfully certify a copy of a document in some situations.
Certified copies have long been used to give a veneer of authenticity to a photocopy of a primary document. In practice, they are very easy to obtain at almost no cost other than the photocopy, and are used in a wide range of situations, especially with identity documents.
In practice, and purely for convenience, a copy may usually be certified by a person who is able to witness a statutory declaration under federal legislation about Statutory Declarations. A person who has been admitted as an Australian lawyer by the Supreme Court of a State or Territory can witness a statutory declaration, whether or not they hold a practising certificate. Other categories of people listed in Schedule 1 of the Regulations may also witness a statutory declaration. Part 1 of schedule 1 states that chiropractors, dentists, legal practitioners, medical practitioners, nurses, optometrists, patent attorneys, pharmacists, physiotherapists, psychologists, trade mark attorneys and Veterinary surgeons may certify copies. Part 2 of the schedule lists various other professions and positions, the members or occupants of which may also certify copies (for example, judges, police officers and members of parliament).
A typical certificate endorsed on the photocopy, often typed or stamped except for the signature:
Certified copies can be quite basic in Australia due to the lack of legislation. More detail is often required by the person or agency requiring it. Sometimes the person or agency will contact the person certifying the copy to limit the possibility of a fraudulent copy.
In some states and territories, police stations and libraries have arrangements to enable documents to be certified or witnessed by a justice of the peace at no cost.

## Botswana

Photocopies can be certified free at a police station. Certified copies, for example of the "Omang" state identity card, are widely used, and are often required for job applications, etc.

## Hong Kong SAR

The Companies Ordinance, section 775 sets out categories of people who can certify a copy of a document for part 16 (Non-Hong Kong Companies). The categories include notaries public, solicitors, members of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants and members of the Hong Kong Chartered Governance Institute.
The same categories of people may also certify, for the Ordinance, a translation into English or Chinese from another language.

## India

In India, under section 2(j)(ii) of The Right to Information Act, 2005, the Public Information Officer (PIO) is mandatorily 'required to provide the appellant "Certified copies of documents or records."' In such a case, the PIO is only certifying that copies of documents or records are true copies of those held on a 'X' page of a 'X' file of the Public Authority, irrespective of their original source.

## Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, certified copy or true copy of an original document can be attested by an attorney, a notary public or a justice of the peace.

## United States

Certified copies of public records, such as birth and marriage certificates, must be obtained from the office that holds the record.
In most U.S. states and territories, notaries public are authorized to certify copies of any documents that are not public records. For example, they may certify copies of passports, identification cards, driver licenses, statements and contracts. In this case, the notary signs a statement directly certifying that the copy is true. In other states, notaries are not authorized to certify copies, or may certify copies of only a few types of documents such as their own notary journals. In case the notary is not authorized to certify a copy, it is possible to perform an alternative procedure, known as "copy certification by document custodian", where the holder of the document signs a statement affirming that the copy is true, and the notary only certifies that the holder signed and affirmed this statement.
To certify that the copy is true, some states require that the notary personally make or supervise the photocopying process, while others allow the notary to visually compare a copy presented by the requester to the original document.
| Jurisdiction | Documents whose copies may be certified by notaries (other than public records) | Photocopy must be made or supervised by the notary |
| Alabama | Notary's journal | No |
| Alaska | None | — |
| American Samoa | Any | Yes |
| Arizona | Any | Yes |
| Arkansas | Any | Yes |
| California | Powers of attorney and notary's journal | No |
| Colorado | Any | No |
| Connecticut | Any | Yes |
| Delaware | Any | No |
| District of Columbia | Any | No |
| Florida | Any | Yes |
| Georgia | Any | Yes |
| Guam | Any | No |
| Hawaii | Protests and notary's journal | No |
| Idaho | Any | Yes |
| Illinois | None | — |
| Indiana | Any | Yes |
| Iowa | Any | Yes |
| Kansas | Any | No |
| Kentucky | Any | No |
| Louisiana | Acts passed by the same notary and their attachments | No |
| Maine | None | — |
| Maryland | Any | No |
| Massachusetts | Any | Yes |
| Michigan | None | — |
| Minnesota | Any | No |
| Mississippi | None | — |
| Missouri | Any | No |
| Montana | Any | No |
| Nebraska | None | — |
| Nevada | Any | Yes |
| New Hampshire | Any | No |
| New Jersey | Any | No |
| New Mexico | Any | Yes |
| New York | None | — |
| North Carolina | None | — |
| North Dakota | Any | No |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Any | No |
| Ohio | None | — |
| Oklahoma | Any | No |
| Oregon | Any | Yes |
| Pennsylvania | Any | No |
| Puerto Rico | Any | No |
| Rhode Island | Any | Yes |
| South Carolina | None | — |
| South Dakota | None | — |
| Tennessee | None | — |
| Texas | Any | No |
| United States Virgin Islands | Any | No |
| Utah | Any | No |
| Vermont | Any | No |
| Virginia | Any | Yes |
| Washington | Any | No |
| West Virginia | Any | No |
| Wisconsin | Any | No |
| Wyoming | Any | No |
Example of copy certification by notary:
Example of copy certification by document custodian:

## Vietnam

In Vietnam, a certified copy or true copy of an original document can be attested by a Ward/District or higher People's Committee or Notary Office, not only Vietnamese official documents but also foreign documents.