OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Cholmondeley, 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley

George Cholmondeley, 2nd Earl of Cholmondeley, PC, FRS (1666 – 7 May 1733), styled The Honourable from birth until 1715 and then known as Lord Newborough to 1725, was an English soldier. Cholmondeley was the second son of Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Viscount Cholmondeley, and Elizabeth Cradock. Hugh Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Cholmondeley, was his elder brother. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Cholmondeley supported the claim of William of Orange and Mary to the English throne and after their accession he was appointed a Groom of the Bedchamber.

## Military and political career

In 1690 he commanded the Horse Grenadier Guards at the Battle of the Boyne and two years later he fought at the Battle of Steenkerque. From 1690 to 1695 he represented Newton in the House of Commons. Cholmondeley was promoted to Brigadier-General in 1697, to Major-General in 1702, to Lieutenant-General in 1704 and to General in 1727.

## Honours and titles

He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1706 and in 1715 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Newborough, of Newborough in the County of Wexford. One year later he was created Baron Newburgh, of Newburgh in the County of Anglesea, in the Peerage of Great Britain, and in 1725 Cholmondeley succeeded his elder brother as second Earl of Cholmondeley. He also succeeded him as Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire, Anglesey, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Merionetshire and Montgomeryshire, posts he held until his death.

## Family

Lord Cholmondeley married Anna Elizabeth van Ruytenburgh (c. 1672 – London, 16 January 1722), daughter of Aelbert Heer van Ruytenburgh (1630–1688) and Wilhelmina Anna van Nassau (1638–1688), around 1701. They had three sons and three daughters. He died in May 1733 and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son George.
# Emiliano Zuleta

Emiliano Zuleta Baquero was a Colombian vallenato composer, accordion player and singer, popularly known as El viejo Mile (The Old Mile). In 1938, he published his masterpiece La gota fría, a song that emerged from a musical controversy with Lorenzo Morales and that years later Carlos Vives and Julio Iglesias would interpret, turning the song into an international hit.
Zuleta was born on January 11, 1912, in La Jagua del Pilar, a small town of la Guajira. He died on October 30, 2005, in Valledupar (Cesar) from respiratory problems at age 93.

## Compositions

His compositions included,
* La gota fría
* Esta Carta
* Carmen Díaz
* El zorro
* El robo
* La pimientica
* Con la misma fuerza
* El indio Manuel María
* El regreso de Carmen
* Mis hijos
* El piñal
* La enfermedad de Emiliano
* Villanueva
* Las enfermeras
* Mis pocos días
* Doce palabras
* La Pule
* Mañanita De Invierno
# Mauno Pekkala

Mauno Pekkala (27 January 1890 – 30 June 1952) was a Finnish statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister from 1946 to 1948. Mauno Pekkala was the brother of Eino Pekkala.
Pekkala was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland and member of several wartime cabinets as Minister of Finance from December 1939 to February 1942. Pekkala left the party after the Continuation War.
After the war, Pekkala joined the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), an alliance of communists, socialists and social democrats. He served as the Minister of Defence between April 1945 and March 1946.
He was candidate in the 1950 presidential election, but lost to J. K. Paasikivi. Pekkala also belonged to the Socialist Unity Party which worked inside the SKDL.

## Cabinets

* Pekkala Cabinet
# George Leland

George Leland may refer to:
* Mickey Leland (George Thomas Leland, 1944–1989), anti-poverty activist and later congressman
* George W. Leland (1834–1880), Medal of Honor recipient
* George Adams Leland (1850–1924), American medical doctor and pedagogue
# Wuzhi railway station

Wuzhi railway station (Chinese: 武陟站) is a station on Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo intercity railway in Wuzhi County, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.
# Rajo Motor and Manufacturing

Rajo Motor and Manufacturing was a manufacturing company based in Racine, Wisconsin in the twentieth century. The company built performance enhancing cylinder heads for Model T cars that were designed by Joe Jagersberger (Rajo Joe). The company was named by combining the "RA" from Racine and the "JO" from Joe Jagersberger's first name. The heads were sold around the world. The company's Los Angeles salesman Rajo Jack helped popularize the heads.

## History

In 1911 Joe Jagersberger retired from driving after he had one of his legs amputated. Jagersberger continued to work for J.I. Case, as he had before the crash, until he decided to go out on his own. The company was formed in 1914 as Rajo Manufacturing. Jagersberger restructured the company in October 1919 after he designed a head with double the performance of the stock Model T head.

## Models

Rajo Motor started out building spark plugs and other various engine parts. The first design was the Model 30 which had 4 exhaust ports and one intake port all on the right side of the head. The Model 31 had two intakes on the right and four exhaust on the left. The Model 35C, first known as the "Improved Rajo Valve-in-Head" and later as the Model C had two intakes and three exhausts on the right. The Model A used the stock intake ports on the block. It had two exhaust ports on the right. His Model B featured two intakes on the right and four exhausts on the left. It came in three versions. The BB featured a higher compression ratio and the BB-R also included two spark plugs per cylinder.
Chevrolet work
He also offered a modification to the 1941-52 Chevrolet "Stovebolt" L6 OHV 15 bolt head, which added another set of 3 intake ports above the 3 originals, to permit adding (an) extra carburetor(s) on a separate manifold.
Jagersberger died in 1952. The company closed in 1980.
# Birch Hill Cemetery

Birch Hill Cemetery is a cemetery in Fairbanks, Alaska. It was laid out on a hillside overlooking the city in 1938 as a secondary option to the Clay Street Cemetery. The cemetery is divided into different sections, including some set aside for Alaska Natives and Catholics, as well as fraternal organizations like the Eagles and Masons. For many years, the municipally run cemetery was known for its collection of folk monuments and natural landscape, both in some ways expressions of Alaskan notions of individualism and freedom from the regulations common in cemeteries elsewhere in the United States. Among those buried there are Klondike miner Elam Harnish, whose story inspired Jack London in the novel Burning Daylight and Territorial Governor Michael Stepovich.
There are stories of ghosts being sighted, the most prominent being the White Lady.
The cemetery was profiled on the PBS documentary A Cemetery Special.
# Frank Giampietro

Frank Giampietro is an American poet. He is interim director of the Cleveland State University Poetry Center, visiting assistant professor of poetry at Cleveland State University, and the Northeast Ohio Master of Fine Arts Program (NEOMFA) program. He is author of Begin Anywhere (Alice James Books, 2008). He was the 2010-2012 resident scholar at The Southern Review and has had poems, book reviews, and nonfiction published in many literary journals and magazines including 32 Poems, Cimarron Review Columbia Poetry Review, CutBank, Exquisite Corpse, Fence, Hayden's Ferry Review, Ploughshares, Cimarron Review and Rain Taxi. His honors include a 2008 Florida Book Award (a bronze medal in poetry), a fellowship from Sewanee Writers' Conference, and a Kingsbury Fellowship from Florida State University. He is creator and editor of two literary websites, La Fovea and Poems by Heart. Giampietro earned an MA from Washington College, an MFA from Vermont College of Fine Arts, and a PhD in English from Florida State University. He lives in Farmington, Maine with his wife, the potter, Cherie Giampietro and two children.
# George Laffer

George Richards Laffer (14 September 1866 – 7 December 1933) was an Australian politician. He was member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1913 until 1933, representing the electorate of Alexandra for the Liberal Union, and its successors the Liberal Federation and Liberal and Country League. He was a minister in the Barwell government, and was Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1927 until 1930.
Laffer was born at Coromandel Valley into a fruit-growing family, his father having emigrated from Cornwall in 1840. He continued in the family business, and was actively involved in agricultural organisations, serving as a founder of the South Australian Fruitgrowers' Association, life member of the Agricultural Bureau, and as chairman of the Advisory Board of Agriculture. He served nine years on the Mitcham District Council, including four years as chairman.
Laffer was elected to the House of Assembly for Alexandra on his third attempt in 1913. He was chairman of committees from 1918 to 1920, and was promoted to the ministry when Henry Barwell became Premier, serving as Commissioner of Crown Lands and Immigration and Minister for Repatriation until the government's defeat in 1924. Laffer was appointed Speaker after the Liberal Federation, in coalition with the Country Party, won the election of 1927 under Richard Layton Butler, serving until their defeat in 1930. He was a member of a Royal Commission into illegal betting and the licensing of bookmakers from 1932 until 1933. He died suddenly in office in 1933, and received a state funeral before being buried at Mitcham Anglican Cemetery.
# Henk van Nierop

Hendrik Frans Karel van Nierop (born 1949) is a historian of early-modern Holland and professor emeritus of the University of Amsterdam.

## Career

Nierop took part in student demonstrations in Amsterdam in May 1969, occupying the university's administrative centre. He graduated from the University of Amsterdam in 1974 and in 1984 obtained a doctorate from Leiden University with a thesis on the transformation of Holland's ruling class between 1500 and 1650. He taught at the University of Amsterdam, where in 1999 he was appointed Professor of Early Modern History. He was the director of the Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Dutch Golden Age from 2000 to 2008, and an editor of the Amsterdam University Press series "Amsterdam Studies in the Dutch Golden Age". He retired in June 2014. A Festschrift was produced for the occasion, under the title Het gelijk van de Gouden Eeuw, edited by Michiel van Groesen, Judith Pollmann and Hans Cools (Hilversum, 2014).

## Publications
### Books

* Beeldenstorm en burgerlijk verzet in Amsterdam, 1566-1567 (Nijmegen, SUN, 1978).
* Van ridders tot regenten. De Hollandse adel in de zestiende en de eerste helft van de zeventiende eeuw (De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1984).
   * The Nobility of Holland: From Knights to Regents, 1500-1650, translated by Maarten Ultee (Cambridge University Press, 1993).
* Het verraad van het Noorderkwartier. Oorlog, terreur en recht in de Nederlandse Opstand (Amsterdam, Bert Bakker, 1999)
   * Treason in the Northern Quarter: War, Terror, and the Rule of Law in the Dutch Revolt, translated by J. C. Grayson (Princeton University Press, 2009).
* The Life of Romeyn de Hooghe, 1645-1708: Prints, Pamphlets, and Politics in the Dutch Golden Age (Amsterdam University Press, 2018)

### Edited volumes

* K. W. Swart, Willem van Oranje en de Nederlandse opstand 1572-1584, edited by R.P. Fagel, M.E.H.N. Mout and H.F.K. van Nierop (The Hague, 1994)
   * William of Orange and the Revolt of the Netherlands, 1572-84, translated by J.C. Grayson (St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History; Ashgate, 2003)
* The Education of a Christian Society: Humanism and the Reformation in Britain and the Netherlands, edited by N. Scott Amos, Andrew Pettegree and Henk Van Nierop (Aldershot, Ashgate, 1999)
* Reformation, Revolt and Civil War in France and the Netherlands, 1555-1585, edited by Philip Benedict, Guido Marnef, Henk van Nierop and Marc Venard (Amsterdam, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 1999)
* Calvinism and Religious Toleration in the Dutch Golden Age, edited by Ronnie Po-chia Hsia and Henk van Nierop (Cambridge University Press, 2002)
* Colonial Empires Compared: Britain and the Netherlands, 1750–1850, edited by Bob Moore and Henk van Nierop (Ashgate, 2003)
* Twentieth-Century Mass Society in Britain and the Netherlands, edited by Bob Moore and Henk F. K. van Nierop (Oxford, Berg, 2006)
* Catholic Minorities in Protestant States: Britain and the Netherlands, c. 1570-1720, edited by Benjamin Kaplan, Bob Moore, Henk van Nierop and Judith Pollmann (Manchester University Press, 2009)
# Nikanor Chernetsov

Nikanor Grigoryevich Chernetsov (Russian: Никанор Григорьевич Чернецов: 21 June 1805, Lukh – 11 January 1879, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian landscape painter. His elder brother Grigory Chernetsov was also a painter.

## Biography

His father and older brother, Yevgraf, were icon painters. With the financial assistance of Pavel Svinyin, he moved to Saint Petersburg in 1823. After receiving a grant from the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts, he was able to enroll at the Imperial Academy of Arts and studied with Maxim Vorobiev until 1827.
After graduating with a small gold medal, he travelled along the Black Sea coast with Count Pavel Kutaisov, then worked as a draftsman for Auguste de Montferrand on Saint Isaac's Cathedral. From 1833 to 1836, he was in the service of Mikhail Vorontsov, Governor-General of Novorossiya, travelling throughout Crimea, sketching nature, ruins, and ethnic customs. Many of these sketches later became paintings. Through Vorontsov, he became a good friend of Alexander Pushkin and decorated his office with a landscape of Darial Gorge.
After 1838, he accompanied his brother, Grigory, and Anton Ivanov-Goluboy along the Volga in a specially equipped boat/studio, making numerous sketches that were later turned into a panorama that was 700 meters (2300 feet) in length and was wound on a roller. Pieces of it are still kept at the National Library of Russia.
During the 1840s, the brothers paid several visits to Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean, but their book of lithographs, Palestine: Views Drawn from Life by the Academicians N. and G. Chernetsov in 1842–43 was not very successful. Grigory continued to use this material, but Nikanor went back to views of Russia.
When Grigory died, Nikanor was too poor to bury him. The academy provided 200 Rubles and, after much negotiating, agreed to buy their remaining portfolios and paintings in installments over several years, but this process was never completed.

## Selected paintings

* View of Tbilisi
* Crimean Lowland
* Gagra Fortress
# Maurice Langeron

Maurice Charles Pierre Langeron (3 January 1874, in Dijon – 27 June 1950, in Bourg-la-Reine) was a French mycologist, bryologist and paleobotanist.
He studied natural sciences at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In 1930 he was named director of the department of mycology in the laboratory of parasitology at the faculty of medicine in Paris. Two years later, he became adjoint-director in the laboratory of parasitology at the École pratique des hautes études. In 1942 he was appointed director of research at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS).
In 1933 he became a member of the Société de biologie. With Émile Brumpt and Maurice Neveu-Lemaire, he founded the journal Les Annales de Parasitologie humaine et comparée, now continued as Parasite. The dermatophyte:genus Langeronia (Vanbreus., 1950) is named after him.

## Written works

In 1965 his Précis de mycologie was translated into English and published as "Outline of mycology". Other noted works by Langeron include:
* Muscinées de la Côte-d'Or : Études géographiques : Catalogue des muscinées de la Côte d'Or, 1898 – Bryophytes of Côte-d'Or.
* Contributions a l'étude de la flore fossile de Sézanne, 1899–1902 – Contributions to the study of fossil flora of Sézanne.
* Le genre Aleurites Forst (Euphorbiacées) systématique, anatomie, pharmacologie, 1902 – The genus Aleurites (Euphorbiaceae); systematics, anatomy and pharmacology.
* Études sur les végétaux fossiles du Trieu de Leval (Hainaut), 1907 – Studies of fossil flora of Trieu de Leval (Hainaut).
* Précis de microscopie; technique, expérimentation, diagnostic, 1913 – Outline of microscopy; techniques, experimentation, diagnostics.
* Coprologie microscopique, 1922 – Microscopy associated with coprology.
# Blue (V song)

"Blue" is a song recorded by South Korean singer V of BTS for his debut album Layover. It was released on September 8, 2023, by Big Hit Music.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Blue" :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Canada Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 22 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 89 |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 100 |
| Japan Digital Singles (Oricon) | 13 |
| South Korea (Circle) | 144 |
| US Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 12 |
# Woodstock, Tasman

Woodstock is a small settlement in the Tasman District of the northern South Island of New Zealand. It is located on the Motueka Valley Highway, close to the eastern bank of the Motueka River, some 20 kilometres southwest of Motueka, at the junction of the Motueka River and its small tributary, the Dove River.
# Phenylmagnesium bromide

Phenylmagnesium bromide, with the simplified formula C $_6$H $_5$MgBr, is a magnesium-containing organometallic compound. It is commercially available as a solution in diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF). Phenylmagnesium bromide is a Grignard reagent. It is often used as a synthetic equivalent for the phenyl "Ph$^−$" synthon.

## Preparation

Phenylmagnesium bromide is commercially available as solutions of diethyl ether or THF. Laboratory preparation involves treating bromobenzene with magnesium metal, usually in the form of turnings. A small amount of iodine may be used to activate the magnesium to initiate the reaction.
Coordinating solvents such as ether or THF, are required to solvate (complex) the magnesium(II) center. The solvent must be aprotic since alcohols and water contain an acidic proton and thus react with phenylmagnesium bromide to give benzene. Carbonyl-containing solvents, such as acetone and ethyl acetate, are also incompatible with the reagent.

## Structure

Although phenylmagnesium bromide is routinely represented as C $_6$H $_5$MgBr, the molecule is more complex. The compound invariably forms an adduct with two OR $_2$ ligands from the ether or THF solvent. Thus, the Mg is tetrahedral and obeys the octet rule. The Mg–O distances are 201 and 206 pm whereas the Mg–C and Mg–Br distances are 220 pm and 244 pm, respectively.

## Chemistry

Phenylmagnesium bromide is a strong nucleophile as well as a strong base. It can abstract even mildly acidic protons, thus the substrate must be protected where necessary. It often adds to carbonyls, such as ketones, aldehydes. With carbon dioxide, it reacts to give benzoic acid after an acidic workup. If three equivalents are reacted with phosphorus trichloride, triphenylphosphine can be made.
# HD 215152

HD 215152 is a star in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.13, meaning it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. Parallax measurements provide distance estimates of around 70 light years. The star has a relatively high proper motion, moving across the sky at an estimated 0.328 arc seconds per year along a position angle of 205°.
A 2015 survey ruled out the existence of any additional stellar companions at projected distances from 6 to 145 astronomical units.
This star has a stellar classification of K3 V, which indicates that it is an ordinary K-type main sequence star. Based upon observation of regular variations in chromospheric activity, it has a rotation period of 36.5±1.6 days. Stellar models give an estimated mass of around 76% of the Sun. It has a slightly lower metallicity than the Sun, and thus has a lower abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium. The effective temperature of the stellar atmosphere is about 4,803 K, giving it the orange-hued glow of an ordinary K-type star.
HD 215152 is a candidate for possessing a debris disk—a circumstellar disk of orbiting dust and debris. This finding was made through the detection of an infrared excess at a wavelength of 70 μm by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The detection has a 3σ level of certainty.

## Planetary system

HD 215152 has a total of four confirmed sub-Neptune mass planets, all of which are potentially rocky. With all of the planets orbiting within 0.154 AU, it is a very compact system. The inner two are separated by only 0.0098 AU, or about four times the distance between the Earth and the Moon. This is unusual for systems discovered by radial velocity measurements. In 2011, it was reported that two planetary candidates (c and d) had been detected in close orbit around this star. The planets were discovered through Doppler spectroscopy using the HARPS spectrograph at La Silla Observatory in Chile. Their presence was revealed by periodic variations in the radial velocity of the host star due to gravitational perturbations by the orbiting objects. In 2018, two more planets were confirmed. All planets have brief orbital periods: the four planets orbit every 5.76, 7.28, 10.86 and 25.2 days respectively. Their minimum masses range between 1.7 and 2.9 Earth masses.
There is a gap between orbits of HD 215152 d and HD 215152 e, which may contain a fifth, yet-undetected terrestrial low-mass planet.
The HD 215152 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | ≥1.819+0.501 −0.629 M$_🜨$ | 0.057638+0.000739 −0.000759 | 5.75999+0.00157 −0.00175 | Probably ≤0.03 | — | — |
| c | ≥1.720+0.618 −0.725 M$_🜨$ | 0.067393+0.000860 −0.000893 | 7.28243+0.00451 −0.00827 | Probably ≤0.03 | — | — |
| d | ≥2.801+0.809 −0.923 M$_🜨$ | 0.08799+0.00113 −0.00116 | 10.86499+0.00564 −0.00613 | Probably ≤0.03 | — | — |
| e | ≥2.877+1.063 −1.481 M$_🜨$ | 0.15417+0.00199 −0.00204 | 25.1967+0.0476 −0.0505 | Probably ≤0.03 | — | — |
# Physalaemus henselii

Physalaemus henselii is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, rural gardens, and urban areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# George Ladd

George Ladd may refer to:
* George Ladd (Medal of Honor) (1828/29–1889), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
* George Eldon Ladd (1911–1982), American theologian
* George Trumbull Ladd (1842–1921), American philosopher
* George W. Ladd (1818–1892), U.S. Representative from Maine
* George Wells Ladd (1925–2016), American economist
* George Ladd (silversmith), 19th-century American silversmith