OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eric Barendt

Eric M. Barendt is the Goodman Professor of Media Law at University College London. After graduating with a BCL and an MA degree at Oxford, Barendt was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn. He began lecturing in law as a fellow at St Catherine's College, Oxford in 1971. In 1990 he left Oxford to take up a position as Goodman Professor of Media Law at University College London, the first media law professorship in the United Kingdom. He also teaches jurisprudence at the undergraduate level. He has been a visiting professor at Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Siena, the University of Melbourne, and Panthéon-Assas University.

## Writings

* Freedom of Speech, 2nd ed., 2005, ISBN 978-0199244515
* Academic Freedom and the Law: A Comparative Study, 2010, ISBN 978-1841136943
# Pico do Gavião

The Pico Do Gavião (Hawk's peak in English) is a mountainous elevation in Brazil located in Andradas, south of Minas Gerais and a tourist attraction in the state.
It is considered one of the best places in the world for free flight practice. The view from the top of its 1663 m of altitude includes several cities. Has hosted stages of national and international championships.
# Augusto Sagnotti

Augusto Sagnotti (born 1955) is an Italian theoretical physicist at Scuola Normale (since 2005).

## Biography

Sagnotti earned a Laurea in Electrical Engineering from the University of Rome "La Sapienza" in 1978 (advisors: Bruno Crosignani and Paolo Di Porto); and a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from Caltech in 1983 (advisor: John H. Schwarz). He was Post-Doctoral Fellow at Caltech (1983–84) and Miller Research Fellow at U.C. Berkeley (1984–86).
Sagnotti was Junior Faculty at the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" from 1986 to 1994, then Associate Professor (1994–99) and Professor (2000-2005). His research activity has been devoted to the quantization of the gravitational field, to String Theory, to Conformal Field Theory and to Higher-Spin Gauge Fields.
Sagnotti's main contribution to physics is perhaps the analysis of the 2-loop divergences in Einstein's theory of General Relativity. Moreover, he was the first to propose, in 1987, that the type I string theory can be obtained as an orientifold of type IIB string theory, with 32 half-D9-branes added in the vacuum to cancel various anomalies and offered the elucidation of the key properties of orientifold constructions and of Conformal Field Theory on non-orientable surfaces. He also discovered the 10D "0B' string", including both open and closed strings, non supersymmetric but free of tachyons. He has worked extensively on higher spins, arriving at a geometric formulation of their free field equations in terms of higher-spin curvatures.
More recently, Sagnotti has been working on the proposal of a possible link between "brane supersymmetry breaking", and the onset of the inflationary phase, and on the exploration of some of its possible imprints on the CMB, in particular, the proposal that the low value of the CMB quadrupole and a first peak for l ~5 be a manifestation of the onset of the inflationary phase.

## Awards and honors

Sagnotti received the Carosio Prize from the University of Rome “La Sapienza” in 1979, a Miller Fellowship from U.C. Berkeley in 1984, shared with Massimo Bianchi the 1994 SIGRAV Prize of the Italian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation, and received the Margherita Hack Prize for Science in 2014 for his work on the quantization of gravity and a Humboldt Research Award in 2018. He was also Andrejewski Lecturer at Humboldt Universitat in Berlin in 1999.

## Books

* String Theory, eds. C. Procesi and A. Sagnotti (Academic Press, 1988)
* String Theory, Quantum Gravity and the Unification of the Fundamental Interactions, eds. M. Bianchi, F. Fucito, V. Marinari and A. Sagnotti (World Scientific, 1992)
* Classical and Quantum Statistical Physics, by C. Heissenberg and A. Sagnotti (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2022)
# Haloo Helsinki! (album)

Haloo Helsinki! (Hello, Helsinki!) is the debut studio album by Finnish pop rock band Haloo Helsinki!. It was released by EMI Finland digitally on 13 August 2008 (2008-08-13). It debuted at number six on the Finnish Albums Chart and charted for seven weeks.

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 6 |
# East Berlin Railroad

The East Berlin Railroad was a short line that operated in Adams County, Pennsylvania, principally handling agricultural traffic.
The railroad was originally incorporated as the Berlin Branch Railroad on March 3, 1876. It was built from Berlin Junction on the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad north seven miles to East Berlin, opening in May 1877. The railroad was initially operated by the HJH&G, which came under the control of the Western Maryland Railway in 1886.
The company was reorganized as the East Berlin Railway on July 9, 1903, and began operating as an independent railroad. On July 18, 1914, the railroad was foreclosed on, and reorganized as the East Berlin Railroad on September 8, 1914. Operations ceased the day after, and the rails were removed from East Berlin south to Abbottstown. Threatened with the loss of its charter, work resumed on the railroad in 1916; track was re-laid into East Berlin, and the line went back into operation on May 27, 1916.
The East Berlin bought a gasoline railcar in 1929. Operations again ceased on November 15, 1939, and the whole railroad was scrapped in 1940.
# Black Hawthorn

Black Hawthorn may refer to:
* Crataegus nigra
* Crataegus douglasii
* Black, Hawthorn & Co
# Abede River

The Abede is a river of southern central Papua New Guinea. It flows into Deception Bay on the Gulf of Papua. The Abede River is a noted landmark on several tours around south-central Papua New Guinea.
# Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)

George Washington is an outdoor equestrian statue by the Scottish-American sculptor J. Massey Rhind located in Washington Park in Newark, New Jersey. It depicts General George Washington saying farewell to the troops of the Continental Army on November 2, 1783, and was dedicated on the anniversary of that event in 1912.

## History

Sculptor J. Massey Rhind was commissioned to do the work, funded by the bequest of Amos H. Van Horn (1840–1908), owner of one of the largest furniture stores in Newark. Born in Edinburgh, Rhind (1860–1936) had a workshop in New York City and was known for the classical caryatids at Macy's Department Store on 34th Street. Rhind's proposal was for a distinctive equestrian statue, showing General Washington saying farewell to the troops and standing beside, rather than mounted on, his horse, which helped secure the commission. The statue was cast in 1912 by the Roman Bronze Works of New York City, which had also done the casting of Rhind's sculptures for the Stephenson Grand Army of the Republic Memorial in Washington, D.C. George Washington was installed in Newark's Washington Park and dedicated on November 2, 1912, the anniversary of the event depicted. President William H. Taft was scheduled to deliver an address at the dedication, but then had to attend the funeral of vice-president James S. Sherman, who had died three days earlier, on October 30.

## Description

The bronze sculpture depicts General Washington saying his farewell address to the troops of the Continental Army at Rocky Hill, New Jersey, on November 2, 1783. This event was after word of the peace treaty ending the American Revolutionary War had arrived from Paris. The statue shows Washington, dismounted from his horse, in military uniform, and with a riding cloak over his shoulder. His horse is shown with a raised foot and lowered head. The statue measures approximately 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) high x 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m) wide x 12 feet 6 inches (3.81 m) long and is on a stone base that measures approximately 2 feet (0.61 m) high x 14 feet 8 inches (4.47 m) wide x 15 feet 7 inches (4.75 m) long.

## Legacy

After its dedication in 1912, brewery mogul Christian William Feigenspan commissioned Rhind for a copy of the equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni in Venice. The statue was dedicated in Newark's Clinton Park (now Lincoln Park) on July 28, 1916.
The Washington statue was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property of the James Street Commons Historic District on January 9, 1978. It was surveyed by the Save Outdoor Sculpture program of the Smithsonian American Art Museum in 1995.
# Germany at the 1932 Summer Olympics

Germany competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. 144 competitors, 135 men and 9 women, took part in 67 events in 15 sports.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Hans Eller, Horst Hoeck, Walter Meyer, Carlheinz Neumann, Joachim Spremberg | Rowing | Men's coxed four | 13 August |
| Gold | Rudolf Ismayr | Weightlifting | Men's 75 kg | 31 July |
| Gold | Jakob Brendel | Wrestling | Men's Greco-Roman bantamweight | 7 August |
| Silver | Erich Borchmeyer, Friedrich Hendrix, Arthur Jonath, Helmut Körnig | Athletics | Men's 4 × 100 m relay | 7 August |
| Silver | Ellen Braumüller | Athletics | Women's javelin throw | 31 July |
| Silver | Hans Ziglarski | Boxing | Men's bantamweight | 13 August |
| Silver | Josef Schleinkofer | Boxing | Men's featherweight | 13 August |
| Silver | Erich Campe | Boxing | Men's welterweight | 13 August |
| Silver | Herbert Buhtz, Gerhard Boetzelen | Rowing | Men's double sculls | 13 August |
| Silver | Karl Aletter, Walter Flinsch, Ernst Gaber, Hans Maier | Rowing | Men's coxless four | 13 August |
| Silver | Heinrich Hax | Shooting | Men's 25 m rapid fire pistol | 12 August |
| Silver | Germany men's national water polo team Emil BeneckeOtto CordesHans EcksteinFritz GunstErich RademacherJoachim RademacherHans SchulzeHeiko Schwartz | Water polo | Water polo | August 11 |
| Silver | Hans Wölpert | Weightlifting | Men's 60 kg | 31 July |
| Silver | Wolfgang Ehrl | Wrestling | Men's Greco-Roman featherweight | 7 August |
| Silver | Jean Földeák | Wrestling | Men's Greco-Roman middleweight | 7 August |
| Bronze | Arthur Jonath | Athletics | Men's 100 m | 1 August |
| Bronze | Wolrad Eberle | Athletics | Men's decathlon | 6 August |
| Bronze | Tilly Fleischer | Athletics | Women's javelin throw | 31 July |
| Bronze | Josef Straßberger | Weightlifting | Men's +82.5 kg | 31 July |
| Bronze | Eduard Sperling | Wrestling | Men's Greco-Roman lightweight | 7 August |

## Cycling

Four cyclist, all men, represented Germany in 1932.

### Individual road race

* Werner Wittig
* Julius Maus
* Hubert Ebner
* Henry Tröndle

### Team road race

* Werner Wittig
* Julius Maus
* Hubert Ebner
* Henry Tröndle

## Fencing

Two fencers, one man and one woman, represented Germany in 1932.

### Men's foil

* Erwin Casmir

### Men's sabre

* Erwin Casmir

### Women's foil

* Helene Mayer

## Modern pentathlon

Three male pentathletes represented Germany in 1932.
* Willi Remer
* Konrad Miersch
* Helmuth Naudé

## Shooting

One shooter represented Germany in 1932, winning a silver medal in the 25 m pistol event.

### 25 m rapid fire pistol

* Heinrich Hax

## Officials

* Tom Sullivan, rowing team coach
# Gatineau (disambiguation)

Gatineau is a city in Quebec, Canada.
Gatineau may also refer to:

## Places in Quebec

* Gatineau (federal electoral district), a federal riding in the city of Gatineau
* Gatineau (provincial electoral district), a provincial riding in the city of Gatineau and the Upper Gatineau Valley
* Gatineau Hills, a geological formation that makes up part of the southern tip of the Canadian Shield, and acts as the northern shoulder of the Ottawa Valley
* Gatineau Park, a federal park located in western Quebec on the outskirts of the city of Gatineau
* Gatineau River, a river in western Quebec which joins the Ottawa River at the city of Gatineau, Quebec

## Other uses

* Félix Gatineau, historian and a politician in Southbridge, Massachusetts
* Gatineau Privilege, a monopoly introduced to limit the cutting of timber along the Gatineau River
* Microsoft Gatineau, the beta name of Microsoft adCenter Analytics
* Gatineau (band), a Canadian francophone hip hop group
# Half-Pint (disambiguation)

A half pint has two common meanings: half of a pint (a unit of volume) or an expression for a short person or small child.
Half-pint or Half Pint may also refer to:
* Half Pint, stage name of Jamaican reggae singer Lindon Roberts (born 1961)
* Half-Pint, stage name of Cassandra Jackson, a rapper in Son of Bazerk, a hip-hop band
* Don "Half Pint" Santos, former member of the American R&B group IMx
* Half-Pint, nickname of Frankie Jaxon (c. 1896-1953), vaudeville singer, stage designer and comedian
* Half-Pint, nickname of Gene Rye (1906-1980), Major League baseball player
* Half-Pint, nickname of character Le Van Hawke portrayed by actor Roland Harrah III
* Half-Pint, nickname of character Laura Ingalls Wilder portrayed by actor Melissa Gilbert
* "Half-Pint", an episode of the TV series Airwolf
# Ecliptopera muscicolor

Ecliptopera muscicolor is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1888. It is found in India, Sri Lanka and Taiwan.

## Description

Wingspan is about 36 millimetres (1.4 in) in male and 42 millimetres (1.7 in) in female. Antennae of male almost simple and somewhat thickened. Male with the inner area of forewings not distorted, nor the costa of hindwings lobed. Male also lack hairy tufts on underside of forewings. It is a typically brown colored moth. Forewings with somewhat produced apex. The basal area darker, with two nearly straight lines on it. The medial area darker, whereas its inner and outer edges defined by waved lines, where the outer slightly dentate on veins 3 and 1. Two irregularly waved dark medial lines, which approach each other at lower angle of cell. A crenulate dark submarginal line present. A black crescent found on margin from apex to middle, and black spot found above outer angle. Hindwings fuscous. Ventral sides with waved postmedial and crenulate submarginal lines.
Females found from Sri Lanka are yellowish brown, with the basal and medial areas of forewings, which are not darker.

## Subspecies

* Ecliptopera muscicolor muscicolor (India, Sri Lanka)
* Ecliptopera muscicolor allobathra (Prout, 1931) (Taiwan)
# George Cochran Lambdin

George Cochran Lambdin (1830–1896) was an American Victorian artist, best known for his paintings of flowers.

## Early life and education

Lambdin was born January 6, 1830, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of portrait painter James Lambdin. He studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, and exhibited there beginning in 1848.

## Career

During the American Civil War, he worked with the United States Sanitary Commission, distributing medicines and bandages to troops in the field. He painted genre scenes of camp life and domestic scenes that often included soldiers.
He was in poor health, beginning in middle age, and settled in the Germantown section of Philadelphia. There, he concentrated on painting flowers, especially roses, for the last 25 years of his life. Many of these paintings were copied as chromolithographs and were mass-produced.
In 1868, he was elected to the National Academy of Design as an academician of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He died in Germantown on January 28, 1896.

## Gallery

* The Consecration (1865), on display at the Indianapolis Museum of Art in Indianapolis
* At the Front (1866), on display at the Detroit Institute of Arts in Detroit
* Still Life (1877), on display at the Saint Louis Art Museum in St. Louis
# Free Spirits (album)

Free Spirits is an album by pianist and composer Mary Lou Williams recorded in 1975 and released on the SteepleChase label in 1976.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
Allmusic said it "Includes great trio cuts". The Penguin Guide to Jazz selected this album as part of its suggested Core Collection.

## Track listing

* "Dat Dere" (Bobby Timmons) – 4:48
* "Baby Man, #2" (John Stubblefield) – 7:56 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Baby Man" (Stubblefield) – 8:31
* "All Blues" (Miles Davis) – 6:59
* "Temptation" (Nacio Herb Brown, Arthur Freed) – 5:08
* "Pale Blue" (Buster Williams) – 4:27
* "Free Spirits #2" (Stubblefield) – 5:04 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Free Spirits" (Stubblefield) – 5:25
* "Blues for Timme" (Mary Lou Williams) – 5:37
* "Ode to Saint Cecile" (Mary Lou Williams) – 5:55 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Surrey with the Fringe on Top" (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II) – 2:58 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Gloria" (Mary Lou Williams) – 5:31

## Personnel

* Mary Lou Williams – piano
* Buster Williams – bass
* Mickey Roker – drums
# Chi Kwang Sunim

Venerable Chi Kwang Sunim is a Zen Buddhist nun. She is currently the leader of a small community and forest retreat in Kinglake, Victoria.

## Training

Chi Kwang studied Seon (Zen) meditation in Songgansa under the Zen master Kusan. She also studied under Myongseong Sunim, Proctor of Unmun Sa Temple.
Chi Kwang was ordained as a bhikkhunī (fully ordained female monastic) in South Korea and is associated with the Lotus Lantern International Buddhist Centre in South Korea.
In Blossoms of the Dharma: Living as a Buddhist Nun she writes that "the Korean bhikkhunis have established a systematic, effective way of training new nuns." This includes a novice period, sutra study schools and then meditation halls or other vocations.
In 1988 she returned to live in Australia but makes bi-annual trips back to South Korea.

## Leadership

Chi Kwang is the chair of the Seon Centre in Kinglake. She has been the chair of the Australian Sangha Association and the Buddhist Council of Victoria. Chi Kwang is involved with intra-Buddhist and interfaith programs.
# Medgaz

Medgaz is a submarine natural gas pipeline between Algeria and Spain.

## History

The idea of building a direct gas pipeline between Algeria and Europe arose in the 1970s. However, the technical limitations at that time prevented the construction and operation of an ultra deepwater gas pipeline. The preparation of Medgaz project started in 2001 by founding Medgaz pipeline company (Sociedad para el Estudio y Promoción del Gasoducto Argelia-Europa, vía España S.A.). The feasibility study carried out in 2002–2003. The construction started on 7 March 2008 in Almería. Work in laying the subsea stretch was finished in December 2008. The pipeline was officially inaugurated on 1 March 2011.

## Route

The pipeline begins from the Hassi R'mel field in Algeria and the first section runs to the port of Beni Saf. The offshore section begins from Beni Saf and the landfall site is at the Perdigal Beach in the coast of Almería, Spain. It will be hooked up to the existing Almería-Albacete gas pipeline.

## Technical description

The length of Algerian onshore section is 547 kilometres (340 mi) and the offshore section is 210 kilometres (130 mi). The initial capacity of the 48 inches (1,220 mm) onshore and 24 inches (610 mm) offshore pipeline will be 8 billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas annually. It would be possible to increase the capacity of the first pipeline, and also the option to lay a second same diameter pipeline with minimal extra construction is foreseen.
Total estimated costs of project are €900 million, including €630 million for the offshore section. The Algerian onshore section of the pipeline is to be constructed by UTE Initec – Spie Capag and the offshore section is to be constructed by Saipem. The offshore section of the pipeline was laid by Castoro Sei, Saipem 7000 and Crawler pipe-laying ships. Steel pipes are delivered by Nippon Steel, and three compressor trains were supplied by Dresser-Rand. Lloyd's Register would provide pipeline inspection and certification services, including vendor works inspection for the pipeline and equipment and certification for the onshore and offshore pipe lay and the construction of the compressor station.
The initial capacity of 8 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year was expanded to 10.5 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year, for an estimated cost of €68 million. The expansion became operational in 2021.

## Project company

The head of the Medgaz company is Pedro Miró Roig. The shareholders of Medgaz consortium:
* Sonatrach (Algeria) – 51%
* Naturgy (Spain) – 49%
In 2006, BP and Total withdrew from the project.
# Birgit language

Birgit (also known as Bergit, Birgid, Berguid) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southeastern Chad. Speakers are found in Moubi Goz Canton, Kouka Margni Sub-prefecture and in Moubi Zarga Canton, Mangalmé Sub-prefecture.
# Corona Arch

The Corona Arch (formerly known as Little Rainbow Bridge) is a natural sandstone arch near Moab, Utah, in a side canyon of the Colorado River west of Moab in Grand County, Utah, United States. It can be accessed via a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) hiking trail (Corona Arch Trail) from Utah State Route 279 (Potash Road).
The arch is located within the same rock formation as Pinto Arch and Bowtie Arch.
This is the site of a rope swing shown on some YouTube videos. One titled "World's Largest Rope Swing" has garnered more than 27 million views since it was posted February 15, 2012. Such videos have led to more people jumping from Corona Arch. On March 24, 2013, a man from Utah was killed due to miscalculating the distance to the ground before he swung from the arch. After much discussion, in 2015 a temporary ban was placed on rope-swinging from many arches.
# Half-Man

Half-Man is a French fairy tale collected by Achille Millien and Paul Delarue.
It is Aarne-Thompson type 675, a type of tale found throughout Europe. Another variant is Peruonto.

## Synopsis

A farmer and his wife had three sons, but the youngest was only half a man: one arm, one leg, etc. One day, the mother sent the sons for wood. The older two got ahead of Half-Man and came to a river. An old woman asked for help across, but they said they did not have time. Half-Man came and helped her. She gave him a magic wand. He used it to get wood, and then to turn himself into a bourgeois. He went to speak to his father, who told him that he was poor, and that one of his sons was only half a man but he liked him better than the others. Half-Man took back his normal form and filled the pantry with things to eat.
He went for a walk and saw the king's daughter. He used the wand to make her magically pregnant with a son who would walk and talk at birth and say that Half-Man was his father. She gave birth nine months later, and the boy said he could recognize his father. The king made all the men pass before the boy, who recognized Half-Man. Angry, the king sent all three of the sons away. As soon as they reached a suitable place, Half-Man conjured up a castle. He went ahead of the princess, turned himself into the bourgeois, and went back. The princess repulsed him because she did not want to deceive Half-Man. Half-Man made himself known, and the princess was pleased.
After some time, Half-Man invited three kings, one his father-in-law, to the castle. His son played with three golden apples, and Half-Man used the wand to put one in his father-in-law's pocket. The boy complained. Half-Man had the castle searched, and then demanded that his guests be searched. His father-in-law was astounded, and Half-Man told him the same magic had made his daughter pregnant.