OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Parmelia fraudans

Parmelia fraudans is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Europe and North America, where it grows on rocks.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was originally named as a subspecies of Parmelia saxatilis by William Nylander in 1861. He noted its occurrence on rocks among mosses in North Savo as well as in Kajaani. Nylander promoted it to species status in 1869.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that Parmelia fraudans is a member of the Parmelia sulcata species group, and it is estimated to have begun diversification during the Pliocene, about 3.3 million years ago.

## Description

The foliose (leafy) thallus of Parmelia fraudans is tightly attached to its substrate, typically measuring 4–16 cm (1.6–6.3 in) in diameter. The brittle, flat lobes that comprise the thallus range from contiguous to overlapping, and are 1–4 mm wide, with truncated tips. The colour of the upper thallus surface is grey to yellowish grey, while texturally it is smooth to delicately pitted, with pseudocyphellae and soredia. The soredia, which somewhat resemble isidia, are abundant and are concentrated along the margins of the thallus. The medulla is white. The thallus undersurface is black in the centre, becoming brown towards the margins. Numerous black rhizines (both branched and unbranched) act as holdfasts. Apothecia are rarely observed; when present, they measure 2–4 mm in diameter and have a dark brown disc, with soredia typically on the apothecial margin. The ascospores have an ellipsoid shape and measure 10–12 by 5–6 μm.
The expected results of standard chemical spot tests on Parmelia fraudans are cortex K+ (yellow), C−, KC−, P+ (yellow); medulla K+ (yellow becoming deep red), C−, KC−, and P+ (orange). Secondary compounds found in the lichen are atranorin and chloroatranorin in the cortex (and sometimes usnic acid in the soralia), and salazinic acid as a major component of the medulla, with minor amounts of consalazinic acid and protolichesterinic acid. The yellowish tone of the soralia caused by usnic acid is unique in the genus Parmelia.

## Habitat and distribution

Parmelia fraudans occurs in Europe and North America, where it grows on rocks. Its North American distribution extends from Alaska south to Mexico. Although it is generally rare in Eastern Canada, it was reported as new to Nova Scotia in 2022. In Europe, it has been recorded from the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and Slovakia. In the 2019 red list of Estonian lichens, it was classified as a critically endangered species due to a reduction of its range and a decrease in population size (compared to its 2008 assessment).
# Drepanoides

Drepanoides is a genus of snake in the family Colubridae that contains the sole species Drepanoides anomalus. It is commonly known as the black-collared snake.
It is found in South America.
# Myriorama (cards)

Myriorama originally referred to a set of illustrated cards that 19th century children could arrange and re-arrange, forming different pictures. Later in the century the name was also applied to performances using a sequence of impressive visual effects to entertain and inform an audience. The word myriorama was invented to mean myriad pictures, following the model of panorama, diorama, cosmorama and other novelties. These were all part of a wider interest in viewing landscape as panorama, and in new ways of presenting "spectacular" scenes.

## History

The early myrioramas were cards with people, buildings, and other images on compatible backgrounds, and could be laid out in any order, allowing a child to create a variety of imaginary landscapes. Jean-Pierre Brès, a French children's writer, published an early version which he described as a polyoptic picture (tableau polyoptique) in the early 19th century, and John Clark of London took up the idea and designed a set of cards he called a myriorama. Clark's "second series" myriorama, an "Italian landscape", was produced in 1824, the same year as a similar set of English cards called a panoramacopia created by drawing teacher T.T.Dales.
Later in the 19th century, the term myriorama was used by the Poole Brothers to describe their popular moving panoramas.

## After 1950

Reproductions of period cards are sometimes found, marketed alongside other "traditional toys". Ralph Hyde published Panoramania! in 1988, reproducing several myrioramas as well as other, uncut panoramas. Various contemporary artists have used the idea as inspiration for work they have named myriorama.
# Wellington Building

The Wellington Building is a Beaux-Arts architecture office building in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was built between 1924 and 1927 as Canadian headquarters of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. The original structure was designed by D. Everett Waid; in 1959, the more restrained classical east wing of the building was added.
The Building is located just south of the Parliament buildings at the intersection of Wellington Street and Bank Street with its southern face on Sparks Street. It remained the home of Met Life until 1970 when the company moved to a new building to the south. It was bought by the federal government, and used as offices and for a time the home of the Canadian Postal Museum. In 1984 a shortage of office space for the MPs resulted in some of them being moved to the building. This was the first time MPs had been housed outside of Parliament Hill.
Since its rehabilitation in 2016, the building is occupied by the House of Commons and serves several parliamentary functions.

## Heritage value

The Wellington Building (formerly the Metropolitan Life Assurance Building) was built in 1925–27 to designs by D. Everett Waid, architect, of New York; J.A. Ewart, Ottawa, associated architect. In 1957-58 two storeys were added to the original building, and in 1958-59 a six-storey wing was added to the east, both to designs by Marani and Morris, architects, Toronto. Public Works Canada is the custodian of the building.
In January, 1987, the building was designated Recognized by Canada's Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office because of its sophisticated Beaux Arts design and its environmental importance. It is valuable both for its strong contribution to the formality of Wellington Street opposite Parliament, and for the sensitivity to the modest commercial proportions of Sparks Street visible in its "back" façade. Historically, the building there of the Canadian headquarters of a large American firm coincides with the emergence of Ottawa as a regional commercial centre. The building was a deliberate example of advanced thinking concerning efficient office planning for clerical "factories" and a concern for health in the workplace.

## 2010-2016 Rehabilitation

In 2010, the building was closed for extensive rehabilitation work, which included asbestos abatement, seismic reinforcement, and the modernization of its interior spaces and systems to accommodate MP Offices, committee rooms and a library.
Historic preservation work included the conservation and restoration of the building's significant heritage features, such as the valuable Byzantine-style mosaic in its vestibule, and the long-lost decorative cast iron canopy on Wellington Street.
Work was completed in the spring of 2016.
# President pro tempore of the Kentucky Senate

President Pro Tempore of the Kentucky Senate was the title of highest-ranking member of the Kentucky Senate prior to enactment of a 1992 amendment to the Constitution of Kentucky.
Prior to the 1992 amendment of Section 83 of the Constitution of Kentucky the Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky was the Senate's presiding officer, but was rarely present. The President pro tempore of the Kentucky Senate – called the Senate President Pro Tem for short – acted as the de facto presiding officer. The President Pro Tem usually presided over the body and was the most influential member of that body.
The President Pro Tem was almost always chosen by the majority party from among their members, then elected on a party line vote.
After the 1992 amendment, the Lieutenant Governor was stripped of all duties relating to the Senate. A new office, President of the Kentucky Senate, was created under amended Sections 84, 85, 86 and 87 of the Constitution of Kentucky; the President of the Kentucky Senate was given power to preside over the Senate.
The last President pro tempore to serve as the highest-ranking member of the Kentucky Senate was John "Eck" Rose. He continued as President of the Kentucky Senate once that office was established.
The office of President pro tempore continued in existence as, nominally, the second highest ranking position in the body, though as a practical matter the Majority Leader usually wielded more influence and power in the chamber. Before and after the creation of the office of President of the Kentucky Senate, the Senate President pro tempore served as a member of the Legislative Research Commission.
# Mike Manley

Michael (Mike) Manley may refer to:
* Michael Manley (1924–1997), fourth Prime Minister of Jamaica
* Mike Manley (artist) (born 1961), comic book illustrator and artist
* Mike Manley (athlete) (born 1942), Olympic athlete
* Mike Manley (lacrosse) (born 1988), lacrosse player
* Mike Manley (American football) (1951–2021), American football coach
* Michael Manley (CEO) (born 1964), CEO of Jeep and FCA
# Gymnastics at the 2015 European Games – Women's trampoline

The women's trampoline competition at the 2015 European Games was held at the National Gymnastics Arena on 17 and 21 June 2015.

## Qualification

The top six gymnasts with one per country advanced to the final.
| Rank | Gymnast | Routine 1 | Routine 2 | Total | Qual. |
| 1 | Hanna Harchonak (BLR) | 47.795 | 53.980 | 101.775 | Q |
| 2 | Yana Pavlova (RUS) | 47.205 | 54.320 | 101.525 | Q |
| 3 | Tatsiana Piatrenia (BLR) | 47.235 | 53.925 | 101.160 | |
| 4 | Sviatlana Makshtarova (AZE) | 47.515 | 52.855 | 100.370 | Q |
| 5 | Kat Driscoll (GBR) | 46.740 | 52.725 | 99.465 | Q |
| 6 | Anna Kornetskaya (RUS) | 46.320 | 52.030 | 98.350 | |
| 7 | Nataliia Moskvina (UKR) | 45.230 | 52.965 | 98.195 | Q |
| 8 | Marine Jurbert (FRA) | 46.335 | 51.585 | 97.920 | Q |
| 9 | Claudia Prat (ESP) | 45.895 | 51.780 | 97.675 | R1 |
| 10 | Leonie Adam (GER) | 45.795 | 51.675 | 97.470 | R2 |
| 11 | Ana Rente (POR) | 44.760 | 51.125 | 95.885 | |
| 12 | Lila Kasapoglou (GRE) | 45.115 | 50.455 | 95.570 | |
| 13 | Fanny Chilo (SUI) | 45.790 | 49.145 | 94.935 | |
| 14 | Sabina Zaitseva (AZE) | 44.085 | 49.600 | 93.685 | |
| 15 | Beatriz Martins (POR) | 44.275 | 49.300 | 93.575 | |
| 16 | Tamari Kakashvili (GEO) | 43.405 | 48.120 | 91.525 | |
| 17 | Paraskevi Angelousi (GRE) | 42.655 | 45.210 | 87.865 | |
| 18 | Maryna Kyiko (UKR) | 47.080 | 36.350 | 83.430 | |
| 19 | Joëlle Vallez (FRA) | 44.270 | 19.425 | 63.695 | |
| 20 | Simona Ivanova (BUL) | 9.410 | 48.565 | 57.975 | |
| 21 | Valeriya Yordanova (BUL) | 43.005 | 14.860 | 57.865 | |
| 22 | Sylvie Wirth (SUI) | 41.420 | 0.000 | 41.420 | |
| 23 | Laura Gallagher (GBR) | 8.940 | 11.285 | 20.225 | |

## Final

| Rank | Gymnast | D Score | E Score | ToF Score | Total |
| | Yana Pavlova (RUS) | 14.800 | 23.700 | 15.835 | 54.335 |
| | Kat Driscoll (GBR) | 14.400 | 23.700 | 15.810 | 53.910 |
| | Hanna Harchonak (BLR) | 13.100 | 24.000 | 16.465 | 53.565 |
| 4 | Nataliia Moskvina (UKR) | 14.400 | 23.400 | 15.400 | 53.200 |
| 5 | Sviatlana Makshtarova (AZE) | 13.800 | 22.800 | 15.995 | 52.595 |
| 6 | Marine Jurbert (FRA) | 13.100 | 22.800 | 15.385 | 51.285 |
# Football in Skopje

Football is the most popular sport, both in terms of participants and spectators, in Skopje. Skopje has several of North Macedonia's significant football clubs.

## Introduction

FK Vardar is Skopje's most successful club. Other notable clubs are Rabotnički and Shkupi.
Toše Proeski Arena, country's biggest stadium and FK Rabotnički's home ground is located in the centre of the city. It is also the home venue of the North Macedonia national football team.

## History

The beginnings of football in Skopje date back to the early 20th century. The first match was played on April 20, 1909. It was the selection of the English army composed of the best players among the recruits, against Napredok of Skopje, Napredok won the match by the score of 2-0. At that place in sign of remembrance of the first soccer match played on the territory of Macedonia, a monument in the form of a soccer ball weighing about 250 pounds was erected. The monument was erected in 1979, to mark the anniversary of 70 years since the start of football in Macedonia.
After 1909 many clubs have been formed, notably Gragjanski Skopje, Pobeda SKopje and SSK Skopje. Since 1920 the clubs from Skopje had competed in the Yugoslav league system. First they were part of the Belgrade Football Subassociation (1920–1927), and later, in 1927, a separate Skoplje Football Subassociation was formed. The creation of the later made it considerably easier for Macedonian clubs to access Yugoslav First League and Gragjanski Skopje became usual participant during the late 1930s in the Yugoslav top tier. After the World War II two Skopje clubs, Pobeda and Makedonija, merged to form FK Vardar. Vardar became the most successful Macedonian football club, winning the Yugoslav First League in 1987.

## Clubs

The table below lists all Skopje clubs.
| Club | Founded |
| Cementarnica 55 | 1955 |
| Gorno Lisiče | 1964 |
| Lokomotiva | 1954 |
| Madžari Solidarnost | 1992 |
| Makedonija GP | 1932 |
| Metalurg | 1964 |
| Rabotnički | 1937 |
| Shkupi* | 2012 |
| Skopje | 1960 |
| Vardar | 1947 |
| Club | Years |
| Balkan | 1921-2012 |
| Gragjanski | 1922-1947 |
| Jug | 1920-1945 |
| Pobeda | 1921-1947 |
| Sloga* | 1927-2009 |
| SSK Skopje | 1921-1945 |
Clubs marked with * are unofficial successors of defunct clubs.

## Honours

* Macedonian Football Champions (18)
** Vardar (10)
** Rabotnički (4)
** Sloga (3)
** Makedonija GP (1)
* Yugoslav Football Champions (1)
** Vardar (1)*
* Macedonian Cup (15)
** Vardar (5)
** Rabotnički (4)
** Sloga (3)
** Cementarnica 55 (1)
** Makedonija GP (1)
** Metalurg (1)
* Yugoslav Cup (1)
** Vardar (1)
* Macedonian Supercup (2)
** Vardar (2)

## Skopje derbies

There are two major Skopje derbies. First ist between Vardar and Shkupi, and the second is between Vardar and Rabotnički. The Vardar-Shkupi rivalry is drawn along ethnic lines as Vardar fans are Macedonians and Orthodox Christians, while FK Shkupi fans are Albanians.

## Stadia

* Philip II Arena
* Avtokomanda Stadium
* Boris Trajkovski Stadium
* Cementarnica Stadium
* Čair Stadium
* Gjorče Petrov Stadium
* Komunalec Stadium
* Železarnica Stadium
# Parmelia omphalodes

Parmelia omphalodes is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is one of the several dozen lichen species first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius transferred it to the genus Parmelia in 1803. The lichen is widely distributed, having been recorded in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North and South Americas. Morphologically similar–but genetically distinct–species include Parmelia discordans and P. pinnatifida.
# Brachyglottis stewartiae

Brachyglottis stewartiae is a species of flowering plant, often referred to as a tree daisy, in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in New Zealand, especially on its subantarctic islands. With another tree daisy, Olearia lyallii, it is common in the forest of the Snares Islands, growing to about 6 m in height. It bears conspicuous clusters of yellow daisy-like flowers.
# Gangarampur B.Ed College

Gangarampur B.Ed College is a Bachelor of Education college in Kaldighi, Gangarampur in the Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. The college is affiliated to the University of Gour Banga and approved by National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) offering Bachelor of Education courses. Its current president is Dr. Towhid-e-Aman.

## IGNOU Study Center

Gangarampur B.Ed College has IGNOU study center (45010) to facilitate distance education approved by Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
# Chocolate (The Time song)

"Chocolate" is a song from The Time's 1990 album Pandemonium. The song was released as the second single from Pandemonium, and was written by usual band collaborator Prince. The song had been primarily recorded in April 1983 during the early sessions for the group's third album, Ice Cream Castle. The group's drummer, Jellybean Johnson, remarked on the notable James Brown influence that the track was channeling: "That's some great shit, that's just hard-core James sound. I loved it."

## Track listing
### 7" single

* "Chocolate" #2 (7" Remix / Edit) – 4:35
* "My Drawers" – 3:57

### Maxi single

* "Chocolate" (7" Remix / Edit) – 4:35
* "Chocolate" (12inch Remix) – 7:59
* "Chocolate" (Tootsie Roll Club Mix) – 6:11
* "Chocolate" (Instrumental) – 7:29
* "Chocolate" (Percapella) – 7:23
* "My Drawers" – 3:57

## Personnel

Credits sourced from Duane Tudahl and Prince Vault.
* Morris Day – lead vocals
* Prince – backing vocals, waiter vocal, synthesizers, electric guitars, bass guitar, Linn LM-1, cymbal, handclaps
* Wendy Melvoin – electric guitar solo, backing vocals
* Lisa Coleman – backing vocals
* Jill Jones – backing vocals

## Charts

Chart performance for "Chocolate" :
| Chart (1990) | Peak position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks (Billboard) | 44 |
# Fager

Fager is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anders Fager (born 1964), Swedish author
* August Fager (1891–1967), American sportsman
* Chuck Fager (born 1942), American activist
* Jeff Fager (born 1954), American media executive
* Jonas Fager (born 1969), Swedish sportsman
# Paleomap

Paleomaps are maps of continents and mountain ranges in the past based on plate reconstructions. Until the 1960s, paleomaps were not very satisfactory, since it was difficult to understand many quite distinctive features. For example, huge river deltas seemed to be associated with what must have been rather small drainage basins. With the discovery of plate tectonics, it became apparent that land masses move relative to one another over time. Ancient geologic features started to make far more sense. It is now possible to construct maps that are probably fairly accurate for continental positions over several hundred million years. Before the Cambrian Period, it becomes much more difficult since there are fewer rock exposures preserved. The state of large regions of the Earth becomes unknowable in the distant past. Where rocks are exposed, latitudes can often be determined from the orientation of preserved magnetic fields (see paleomagnetism) but longitudes are based on projections that are increasingly uncertain as one gets further from the present.
Many published maps are associated in one way or another with the work of Christopher Scotese. The maps are useful since it is usually quite difficult to describe the location and orientation of geographical features using words alone.
# Francis Hill (cricketer)

Francis Hill (1 October 1862 — c. 1935) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Somerset. He was born in Timsbury and died in Saskatoon.
Hill made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1882 season, against Hampshire. From the upper-middle order, he scored 29 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 2 runs in the second.
# HC Slezan Opava

HC Slezan Opava is an ice hockey team in the Second National Hockey League (third-level league) from Opava.
The club was founded in 1945. As soon as in 1951, Slezan was promoted to the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League and played there until 1953. Slezan Opava played in the top-level league also two seasons in 1957 and 1960. In the Czech Republic, the club was promoted to the elite Czech Extraliga in 1996, after it won the promotion play-offs. The club had financial difficulties and sold the license for Extraliga in 1999 to HC Havířov. From the 1999/2000 season the club played the First National Hockey League (second-level league) but was relegated in the 2004/2005 season to the Second National Hockey League (third-level league).

## Famous players

* David Hruška
* Drahomír Kadlec
* Libor Polášek
# Belfast, Pennsylvania

Belfast is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plainfield Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census. As of the 2010 census, the village's population was 1,257.
Located in one of the first settled areas in the township, the village is believed to have been named for the city of Belfast in Northern Ireland. Its settlers, who were predominantly German and Welsh, arrived in the area in the late 18th century. The village was originally known as Belleville or Bellville because of its scenic view. The name Belfast came into use sometime after the Civil War.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Belfast has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 1,301 people, 505 households, and 382 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,181.0 inhabitants per square mile (456.0/km$^2$). There were 517 housing units at an average density of 469.3 per square mile (181.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.00% White, 0.46% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.31% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.
There were 505 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.93.
In Belfast, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,784, and the median income for a family was $56,894. Males had a median income of $37,000 versus $23,362 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,155. About 3.4% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

The community is served by the Pen Argyl Area School District. Students in grades nine through 12 attend Pen Argyl Area High School in Pen Argyl.
# Brachyglottis perdicioides

Brachyglottis perdicioides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in New Zealand.
# Mycobacterium szulgai

Mycobacterium szulgai is a species of Mycobacterium. It is a scotochromogen and is currently ungrouped. It is known to cause skin infections.