OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# C. T. C. Wall

Charles Terence Clegg "Terry" Wall (born 14 December 1936) is a British mathematician, educated at Marlborough and Trinity College, Cambridge. He is an emeritus professor of the University of Liverpool, where he was first appointed professor in 1965. From 1978 to 1980 he was the president of the London Mathematical Society.

## Work

His early work was in cobordism theory in algebraic topology; this includes his 1959 Cambridge PhD thesis entitled "Algebraic aspects of cobordism", written under the direction of Frank Adams and Christopher Zeeman. His research was then mainly in the area of manifolds, particularly geometric topology and related abstract algebra included in surgery theory, of which he was one of the founders. In 1964 he introduced the Brauer–Wall group of a field. His 1970 research monograph "Surgery on Compact Manifolds" is a major reference work in geometric topology.
In 1971 he conjectured that every finitely generated group is accessible. The conjecture motivated much progress in the understanding of splittings of groups. In 1985 Martin Dunwoody proved the conjecture for the class of finitely presented groups. The resolution of the full conjecture took until 1991 when, surprising to most mathematicians at the time, Dunwoody found a finitely generated group that is not accessible and hence the conjecture turned out to be not correct in its general formulation.
Wall's work since the mid-1970s has mostly been in singularity theory as developed by R. Thom, J. Milnor and V. Arnold, and especially concerns the classification of isolated singularities of differentiable maps and of algebraic varieties. He has written two research monographs on singularity theory, "The Geometry of Topological Stability" (1995) (containing a great deal of original work) with Andrew du Plessis, and "Singular Points of Plane Curves" (2004).
His notable students include Michael Boardman, Bill Bruce, Andrew Casson, Francis E. A. Johnson, David Mond, Andrew du Plessis, and David Trotman.

## Awards

* 1965 – Berwick Prize
* 1966 – Invited address at the 1966 ICM in Moscow
* 1969 – Elected Fellow of the Royal Society
* 1970 – Invited address at the 1970 ICM in Nice
* 1976 – Senior Whitehead Prize
* 1988 – Pólya Prize
* 1988 – Sylvester Medal
* 1990 – Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
* 2000 – Elected Honorary Member of the Irish Mathematical Society
* 2012 – Fellow of the American Mathematical Society

## Personal life

Terry Wall has been married to Sandra Hearnshaw since 1959, and they have four children together. He was the treasurer of the Wirral area SDP from 1985 until its merger with the then Liberal Party in 1988. Wall continued on as treasurer of the newly formed Wirral West Liberal Democrats but, as of May 2020, is no longer holding this position. Wall has been an LEA appointed governor of West Kirby Grammar School since 1987 but has also given up this position. He has also held the post of treasurer at Hoylake Chamber Concert Society. He has 7 grandchildren and 4 great grandchildren as of 2024, Rory, Felix, Valentina and Leo.
# Chenacidiella

Chenacidiella is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.
# Montrouveau

Montrouveau is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France.
# Oratosquilla fabricii

Oratosquilla fabricii is a species of mantis shrimp found in the Indo-Pacific. Like other members of its order it has a powerful spear, which it uses to hunt invertebrates and small fish. It grows to a length of 175 millimetres (6.9 in), and lives at depths of 0–135 metres (0–443 ft).

## Reproduction and life cycle

Some members of the order Stomatopoda pair for life and some come together only to mate. Males produce sperm ducts rather than spermatophores; females can brood a maximum of 50,000 eggs. Life cycle: Eggs hatch to a planktonic zoea which lasts for 3 months.
# Erdek, Çorum

Erdek is a village in the Çorum District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 103 (2022).
# Bryony (given name)

Bryony or Briony is a feminine rarely masculine given name derived from the name of the plant. It may refer to:
* Bryony Afferson (born 1983), British actress and musician
* Briony Akle (born c. 1977), Australian netball player and coach
* Bryony Botha (born 1997), New Zealand cyclist
* Bryony Brind (1960–2015), British ballerina
* Briony Cole (born 1983), Australian diver
* Bryony Coles (born 1946), British archaeologist
* Bryony Corrigan, British actress and comedian in Mischief Theatre
* Bryony Frost (born 1995), British jockey
* Bryony Gordon (born 1980), British journalist
* Bryony Griffith (born 1977), British musician
* Bryony Hannah (born 1984), British actress
* Bryony Kimmings (born 1981), British artist
* Bryony Lavery (born 1947), British dramatist
* Briony McRoberts (1957–2013), English actress
* Bryony Marks (born c. 1971), Australian screen composer
* Bryony Page (born 1990), British gymnast
* Briony Penn (born 1960), Canadian author and environmental activist
* Briony Scott (born 1963), Australian educator and columnist
* Bryony Shaw (born 1983), British windsurfer
* Bryony van Velzen (born 1996), Dutch cyclist
* Bryony Worthington, Baroness Worthington (born 1971), British environmentalist
# Glaucocharis stenura

Glaucocharis stenura is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Turner in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
# Communauté de communes d'Auzances-Bellegarde

The communauté de communes d’Auzances-Bellegarde was created on December 27, 1995 and is located in the Creuse département of the Limousin region of central France. It was created in January 1996. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Marche et Combraille en Aquitaine in January 2017.
It comprised the following 26 communes:
* Arfeuille-Châtain
* Auzances
* Bellegarde-en-Marche
* Bosroger
* Brousse
* Bussière-Nouvelle
* Champagnat
* Chard
* Charron
* Châtelard
* La Chaussade
* Le Compas
* Dontreix
* Fontanières
* Lioux-les-Monges
* Lupersat
* Mainsat
* Les Mars
* Mautes
* Reterre
* Rougnat
* Saint-Domet
* Saint-Silvain-Bellegarde
* Sannat
* Sermur
* La Serre-Bussière-Vieille
# Brigitte Bosmans

Brigitte Bosmans (born 29 May 1965) is a Belgian breaststroke swimmer. She competed in three events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# C17H20N2O

The molecular formula C$_{17}$H$_{20}$N$_2$O (molar mass: 268.35 g/mol, exact mass: 268.1576 u) may refer to:
* Centralite, or ethyl centralite
* Michler's ketone
* Remacemide
# Checkless chess

Checkless chess, also known as prohibition chess, is a chess variant where neither player may give check unless it is checkmate. All other rules are as in regular chess. The origin of the game is unknown, dating from the mid-19th century. The variant is a popular problem theme, usually requiring a fairy mate.

## Observations

The single rule change has a profound impact on gameplay. Since the king is immune to most attacks as long as it avoids being checkmated, checks cannot be used to gain time or chase the king to an unsafe position. Also, mating patterns are generally significantly more difficult to execute.
Another effect of this rule is that the king, immune from attack, is now a powerful force. The king can defend pieces by placing itself such that their capture would place the king in check. The king can advance into the enemy position, creating havoc in the enemy camp as enemy pieces need to avoid moving to squares from which they would give check.

## Variations

| abcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefgh This is stalemate if White is to move in this variant. 1.b5+ puts the black king in check but does not deliver checkmate, so it is illegal. | abcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefgh In variants where a check is considered checkmate if the only responses are cross-checks, then White checkmates with 1.Re2 or 1.Rd5, as all king moves would result in discovered check from the black bishop. |
Some rules variations exist:
* If on their turn a player is not in check and no move is possible without delivering check without being checkmate, the player might be considered either to be stalemated or to lose.
* A checking move might be considered either to be legal only if it would be a checkmate in orthodox chess or to deliver checkmate if any response would be a cross-check. The latter is an example of a fairy mate.
* Absolute Checkless Chess is a variant by Dr. Roger Powell in 1975, whereby pieces may not cross any square from which they would give check.
* Some authorities have suggested a variation where checks are permitted if they are part of a series of checks resulting in forced mate.

## Problem

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
Solution: 1.f6 (threatening 2.Qf5#)
* 1...Qc8 2.Nxd6#
* 1...Qxf6 2.Nc5#
* 1...d5 2.Qe5#
# Montrouziera

Montrouziera is a genus of shrubs to large trees in the family Clusiaceae, endemic to New Caledonia. As usual in the Clusiaceae, species of this genus are known to contain xanthonoids. Montrouziera is related to the South American genus Platonia. Locally known as "houp", this genus was named after Xavier Montrouzier.
Montrouziera gabriellae is noted for bearing the largest endemic flower of New Caledonia.
# Farges-lès-Mâcon

Farges-lès-Mâcon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Equine arteritis virus leader TRS hairpin (LTH)

The equine arteritis virus leader transcription-regulating sequence hairpin (LTH) is as RNA element that is thought to be a key structural element in discontinuous subgenomic RNA synthesis and is critical for leader transcription-regulating sequences (TRS) function. Similar structures have been predicted in other arteriviruses and coronaviruses.
# All India United Trade Union Centre

The All India United Trade Union Centre (AIUTUC), formerly known as United Trade Union Centre (Lenin Sarani) or UTUC-LS, is a Central Trade Union Organisation in India and the labour wing of the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist). Presently its activities are spread over 19 states. The organisation claims to have 600 affiliated unions, comprising an individual membership of over two million. It is the 6th largest trade union in India. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, UTUC-LS had a membership of 1,368,535 in 2002.

## History

All India UTUC was founded at a conference held in Kolkata 26–27 April 1958, following a split in the United Trade Union Congress. Initially it used the name UTUC, but in the general media it was referred to as UTUC (Dharamtala Street) (where it had its offices) to distinguish it from the original UTUC. In 1969, at the initiative of Subodh Banerjee, West Bengal State Committee President of the organisation and Labour Minister in anti-Congress United Front Government in the state, the name of the street was changed to 'Lenin Sarani'. Thus the new name of the organisation became UTUC (Lenin Sarani).
In the 17th UTUC (LS) conference held in Delhi in 1985 the organisation was renamed as 'United Trade Union Centre (Lenin Sarani)'. In the 18th conference held in 1992 in Calcutta 'Lenin Sarani' was un-bracketed, implying that it no longer referred to the name of the street where the office is located but became an integral part of the name of the organisation which was thereafter known as 'United Trade Union Centre-Lenin Sarani' (UTUC-LS). The 19th all India conference of the organisation held in Delhi on 27 March 2008 approved the change of name to All India United Trade Union Centre (All India UTUC).
AIUTUC is affiliated to the World Federation of Trade Unions.

## Activities

The All India UTUC is functioning in both formal and informal sectors. In informal sector, the most important segment where it has been working from the very inception, is agriculture. In the formal sectors All India UTUC has unions, federations and activities in basic, heavy and key industries and important service sectors like Iron and Steel, Engineering, Electricity, Coal and Non-Coal Mines, Railways, Port and Dock, Road-Transport, Banks and Financial Institutions, Insurance, Central and State Government Services. On the basis of its membership strength All India UTUC has been recognised as a Central Trade Union Organisation by the Government of India and has its representations in apex level tripartite committees as well as in International Labour Conferences (ILC) of the ILO.

## Leadership

* 'President' – Ramendra Kumar
* 'General Secretary' – Amarjeet Kaur
# Zé Luiz

Zé Luiz may refer to:
* Zé Luiz (footballer, born 1904), full name José Luiz de Oliveira, Brazilian football defender
* Zé Luiz (basketball) (born 1929), full name José Luiz Santos de Azevedo, Brazilian basketball player
* Zé Luiz (footballer, born 1943), full name José Luiz Pereira, Brazilian football defender
* Zé Luiz (footballer, born 1974), full name José Luiz Seabra Filho, Trinidadian football left-back
# Compsoctena microctenis

Compsoctena microctenis is a moth in the family Eriocottidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
The wingspan is about 24 mm. The forewings are pale ochreous, with some scattered undefined strigulae of brownish and black specks, especially in the disc and on the anterior portion of the costa. The hindwings are grey.
# Brigitte Bout

Brigitte Bout (née Pouille, 26 January 1941 – 5 February 2024) was a French politician who represented the Pas-de-Calais department in the Senate of France from 8 June 2002 to 30 September 2011. She was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

## Life and career

Brigitte Pouille was born on 26 January 1941. Before being elected to the Senate, she worked as an engineer. Bout did not run for reelection to the Senate in 2011.
Bout served as mayor of Fleurbaix from 2001 to 2008.
In 2013, Bout was named a Knight in the French Legion of Honour. She died on 5 February 2024, at the age of 83.
# C17H19NO

The molecular formula C$_{17}$H$_{19}$NO (molar mass: 253.34 g/mol, exact mass: 253.1467 u) may refer to:
* Benzedrone
* 3-Benzhydrylmorpholine
* Diphenylprolinol
* Nefopam
# Erer (Harari woreda)

Erer is one of the Districts of Ethiopia, which is in the Harari Region of Ethiopia.
# Åkerlund

Åkerlund is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gunnar Åkerlund (1923–2006), Swedish sprint canoeist
* Jonas Åkerlund (born 1965), Swedish film and music video director
* Magnus Åkerlund (born 1986), Swedish ice hockey player
* Olle Åkerlund (1911–1978), Swedish sailor
* Totte Åkerlund (Erik) (1915–2009), Swedish curler
# Compsoctena melitoplaca

Compsoctena melitoplaca is a moth in the family Eriocottidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1927. It is found in South Africa.
# Brigitte Bourguignon

Brigitte Bourguignon (born 21 March 1959) is a French politician who briefly served as Minister of Solidarity and Health in the government of Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne in 2022.
A member of the Socialist Party (PS) before she joined La République En Marche! (LREM) in 2017, Bourguignon served as the member of the National Assembly for the sixth constituency of Pas-de-Calais from (2012–2020) and as Minister for Autonomy in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex (2020–2022). She lost her seat in the 2nd round of the 2022 election to Christine Engrand from the National Rally.

## Political career

Following the 2017 legislative election, Bourguignon stood as a candidate for the National Assembly's presidency; in an internal vote within the LREM parliamentary group, she lost against François de Rugy.
In parliament, Bourguignon chaired the Committee on Social Affairs from 2017 until 2020. In September 2018, following the election of Richard Ferrand as President of the National Assembly, she stood as a candidate to succeed him as chairman of the LREM parliamentary group. She was eliminated in the first ballot, coming in 5th position out of 7 candidates with 19 votes.
At the end of 2017, about thirty LREM members formed around Bourguignon who claimed to be the parliamentary group's "social fibre" and were seen as its left wing; by the end of 2018, Sonia Krimi took the group's lead from Bourguignon.
In what was the first victory of LREM in a legislative by-election, Bourguignon managed to win with 62.05% of the vote (60.8% in the previous election) over the National Rally (RN) candidate Marie-Christine Bourgeois in 2021. She briefly returned to parliament in 2021, before being replaced by Christophe Leclercq.
During her time at the Ministry of Solidarity and Health, Bourguignon led the government’s efforts in 2022 to file a criminal complaint against home care group Orpea [fr] over allegations of mistreatment of elderly patients in the period from 2017 to 2020.

## Political positions

In May 2018, Bourguignon co-sponsored an initiative in favour of a bioethics law extending to homosexual and single women free access to artificial reproduction such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) under France's national health insurance; it was one of the campaign promises of President Emmanuel Macron and marked the first major social reform of his five-year term.
In July 2019, Bourguignon voted in favor of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
# Greenbank Cricket Ground

Greenbank (also known as Packer's Ground) is a cricket ground in Bristol. The ground was initially owned by H.J. Packer and Co Ltd. The first first-class match on the ground was in 1922, when Gloucestershire played Sussex. Gloucestershire played first-class matches at the ground from 1922 to 1928, playing a total of 20 first-class matches there, the last of which saw them play Derbyshire in the 1928 County Championship.
Gloucestershire also played a non first-class at the ground in 1924 against a Scotland XI.
The ground still exists today, after being sold by H.J. Packer and Co Ltd in 1935, it came under the ownership of the local council and is today used by the Old Georgian Eastville Club. In recent times, the ground has undergone a refurbishment with the construction of new buildings and the relaying of the pitch.
# Charruodon

Charruodon is an extinct genus of cynodonts which existed in the Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Formation in the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil during the Late Triassic. The genus contains only the type species Charruodon tetracuspidatus, which is known from a single specimen of uncertain provenance. Upon its first description, Charruodon was tentatively placed within the family Therioherpetidae, but a 2017 study by Agustín G. Martinelli and colleagues instead recovered it as a more basal member of Probainognathia. In 2023, Hoffmann, Ribeiro & de Andrade reinterpreted the specimen as representing an early ontogenetic stage, and C. tetracuspidatus to be a nomen dubium.
# Monkey Girl

Monkey Girl: Evolution, Education, Religion, and the Battle for America's Soul is a 2007 non-fiction book about the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial of 2005. Author Edward Humes, a Pulitzer Prize-winning American journalist, interviewed interested parties to the controversy around a school board's decision to introduce the concept of intelligent design into public school lessons on science. The book describes in detail the experiences of those caught up in the actions of the school board and the ensuing Dover trial, in the context of the intelligent design movement and the ascendency of the American religious right whose opposition to evolution led them to campaign to redefine science to accept supernatural explanations of natural phenomena.
# Organization of Japanese defensive units in Okinawa

Organization of Japanese defensive units in Okinawa prior to the American invasion.
The defense of Okinawa Island was weakened when the 9th Division was transferred to Taiwan. Ground forces on the island ended up with only the 24th and 62nd Divisions and the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade as the core of the Thirty-second Army commanded by Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima

## Commander of Okinawan defensive forces

* Mitsuru Ushijima - Commander of Japanese Army forces in Okinawa
* Isamu Cho - Sub Commander of Japanese Army forces in Okinawa

## Deployable land units

* Thirty-second Army - Mitsuru Ushijima
* 24th Division - Tatsumi Amamiya
* 62nd Division - Takeo Fujioka
* Keiichi Arikawa: Commanding Officer Infantry Group 62nd Division, Okinawa
* Kunisaki Detachment
* 44th Independent Mixed Brigade
* 9th Division (transferred to Taiwan)
* 27th Tank Regiment - Lieut. Colonel Murakami

## Air Squadrons in the area
### Japanese Navy

* Tokushima Air Group
* Others Air Groups

### Japanese Army

For the Okinawa campaign, the Army planned to commit a total of 970 planes:
* Homeland (Kyushu, Shikoku)
** Sixth Air Army—220
** Tokko units—300
* Taiwan Area:
** 8th Air Division—200
** Tokko units—250

## Japanese Special Forces in Okinawa

Later elements of the Giretsu (Heroic) Airborne Unit were dropped upon North and Central Airfields, engaged in hand-to-hand fighting, and for a time seized control of both strips.
# Erepta stylodon

Erepta stylodon is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicarionidae. This species is endemic to Mauritius.
# Pseudodaphnella nebulosa

Pseudodaphnella nebulosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

(Original description) The shell is fusiformly oblong, finely ribbed longitudinally, striated transversely, forming regular granules. The sutures are slightly angulated and smooth. The aperture is oval. The outer lip is slightly incurved and serrated on its edges, striated internally. The siphonal canal is slightly produced and recurved. The colour of the shell is white, marked with irregular, interrupted, longitudinal brown lines.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Hawaii.
# Glasgow Range

The Glasgow Range is a mountain range on the northern West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is north of the Papahaua Range and its most significant river is the Mōkihinui River.

## History of settlement

The Glasgow Range is largely devoid of settlement, though near the Tasman Sea coastline in the foothills are small localities such as Mokihinui and Seddonville. Upon the discovery of coal, the Seddonville Branch railway was built into the foothills in the 1890s, but mining activity declined in the 1970s and the railway closed beyond Ngakawau on 3 May 1981.

## Geology and weather

Granite soil of poor fertility characterises the Glasgow Range. The climate is cool, humid, and cloudy. Rainfall averages 5,600–6,400 millimetres and is largely brought by westerly winds. Evaporation is low and snow is common during winter.

## Wildlife

A rare mollusc, Powelliphanta lignaria rotella, is found only on the western slopes of the Glasgow Range in the Seddonville area and is considered nationally endangered. Found throughout the range are goats, while red deer were numerous prior to helicopter hunting that was especially popular in the 1970s.
# Battle of Oranik

Battle of Oranik may refer to:
* Battle of Oranik (1448), part of the Albanian-Venetian War of 1447-1448
* Battle of Oranik (1456), part of the Ottoman-Albanian Wars
# Comorta zophopleura

Comorta zophopleura is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1904. It is found in Australia.