OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monsanto process

The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the Cativa process, a similar iridium-based process developed by BP Chemicals Ltd, which is more economical and environmentally friendly.
This process operates at a pressure of 30–60 atm and a temperature of 150–200 °C and gives a selectivity greater than 99%. It was developed in 1960 by the German chemical company BASF and improved by the Monsanto Company in 1966, which introduced a new catalyst system.

## Catalytic cycle

The catalytically active species is the anion cis-[Rh(CO)$_2$I$_2$]$^−$ (top of scheme). The first organometallic step is the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to cis-[Rh(CO)$_2$I$_2$]$^−$ to form the hexacoordinate species [(CH$_3$)Rh(CO)$_2$I$_3$]$^−$. This anion rapidly transforms, via the migration of a methyl group to an adjacent carbonyl ligand, affording the pentacoordinate acetyl complex [(CH$_3$CO)Rh(CO)I$_3$]$^−$. This five-coordinate complex then reacts with carbon monoxide to form the six-coordinate dicarbonyl complex, which undergoes reductive elimination to release acetyl iodide (CH$_3$C(O)I). The catalytic cycle involves two non-organometallic steps: conversion of methanol to methyl iodide and the hydrolysis of the acetyl iodide to acetic acid and hydrogen iodide.
The reaction has been shown to be first-order with respect to methyl iodide and [Rh(CO)$_2$I$_2$]$^−$. Hence the oxidative addition of methyl iodide is proposed as the rate-determining step.

## Tennessee Eastman acetic anhydride process

Acetic anhydride is produced by carbonylation of methyl acetate in a process that is similar to the Monsanto acetic acid synthesis. Methyl acetate is used in place of methanol as a source of methyl iodide.
    CH$_3$CO$_2$CH$_3$ + CO → (CH$_3$CO)$_2$O
In this process lithium iodide converts methyl acetate to lithium acetate and methyl iodide, which in turn affords, through carbonylation, acetyl iodide. Acetyl iodide reacts with acetate salts or acetic acid to give the anhydride. Rhodium iodides and lithium salts are employed as catalysts. Because acetic anhydride hydrolyzes, the conversion is conducted under anhydrous conditions in contrast to the Monsanto acetic acid synthesis.
# Arnold James

Arnold James (born April 30, 1974) is an Antigua and Barbudan football player. He has played for Antigua and Barbuda national team.

## National team statistics

Antigua and Barbuda national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2003 | 2 | 0 |
| 2004 | 1 | 0 |
| 2005 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | | |
| Total | 3 | 0 |
# Ribar

Ribar is both a surname and a given name. As a surname, in Croatian, Macedonian, and Bulgarian languages it literally means "fisherman".
Notable people with the name include:
* Frank Ribar
* Ivan Ribar
* Ivo Lola Ribar
* Ribar Baikoua
# Abagrotis apposita

Abagrotis apposita is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Abagrotis apposita is 11037.
# Pseudomops neglectus

Pseudomops neglectus is a species from the genus Pseudomops.
# Dolič, Destrnik

Dolič (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Destrnik in northeastern Slovenia. It lies just south of Destrnik on the regional road from Ptuj to Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
# Ōshima (surname)

Ōshima, Oshima, Ooshima or Ohshima (written: 大島, 大嶋 lit. "big island") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hiroko Oshima (大島 裕子, born 1943), Japanese sprint canoeist
* Hiromi Oshima, model and playmate
* Hiroshi Ōshima, Japanese ambassador to Nazi Germany during World War II
* Joun Ōshima, noted Japanese sculptor in the Meiji/Taisho era
* Mai Oshima, Japanese idol, member of AKB48
* Masamitsu Ōshima (1884–1965), Japanese herpetologist and ichthyologist
* Masumi Oshima, Japanese writer
* Michiru Oshima, Japanese composer
* Nagisa Oshima, Japanese film director
* Naoto Ohshima, original character designer of Sonic the Hedgehog and Dr. Robotnik
* Ryota Oshima (大島 僚太, born 1993), Japanese footballer
* Takanori Ōshima, Japanese sumo coach at Tomozuna stable
* Takatō Ōshima, made the first blast furnace and western-style cannons in Japan
* Towa Oshima, manga artist
* Tsubasa Oshima (大島 翼, born 1983), Japanese footballer
* Tsutomu Ohshima, martial artist, head of Shotokan Karate of America
* Yasunori Oshima, Japanese baseball player and manager
* Yuko Oshima, Japanese idol, member of AKB48

## Fictional characters

* Ōshima (Urara Meirocho) (大島), a character in the manga series Urara Meirocho
# Battle of Kudal-Sangamam

The Battle of Kudal-Sangamam was fought in 1062 CE by the forces of the Chola king Rajendra Chola II and the Western Chalukya king Someshvara I at Kudal-Sangamam, where the Krishna and the Tungabhadra meet.

## Causes

To avenge the Battle of Koppam, the Western Chalukya king Someshvara I set out with a large force led by his army commander or dandanatha, Valadeva. The forces met with the Chola army led by Rajendra Chola II at Mudukkaru or Kudal-Sangamam at the junction of the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.

## Events

Rajendra Chola was supported by the heir apparent Rajamahendra and the king's brother, Virarajendra. Someshvara's sons Vikkalan and Singanan were defeated and forced to flee. The battle ended with a total victory for the Chola army.
A detailed description of the battle is given in the early inscriptions of Virarajendra's reign
   (He) drove from the battlefield in Gangapāḍi into the Tungabhadrā the Mahāsāmantas, whose strong hands (wielded) cruel bows, along with Vikkalan who fought under (his) banner at the head of the battle. (He) attacked and destroyed the irresistible, great and powerful army which he (viz. Vikkalan) had again despatched into Vēngai-nāḍu;.. The enemy, full of hatred, met and fought against (him) yet a third time, hoping that (his former) defeats would be revenged. (The king) defeated countless sāmantas, together with these (two) sons of Āhavamalla, who were called Vikkalan and Śiṇganan, at Kudal-Śangamam on the turbid river. Having sent the brave van-guard in advance, and having himself remained close behind with the kings allied to him, he agitated by means of a single mast elephant that army (of the enemy), which was arrayed (for battle), (and which) resembled the norther ocean. In front of the banner troop, (he) cut to pieces Śingan, (the king) of warlike Kōsalai; along with the furious elephants of his van-guard. While Kēśava-daṇḍanāyaka, Kēttaraśan, Mārayan of great strength, the strong Pōttarayan and (Irēccayan) were fighting, he shouted "(Follow) Mūvēndi, (who wears) a garland of gold!" and cut to pieces many sāmantas, who were deprived of weapons of war. Then Maduvaṇan, who was in command, fled; Vikkalan fled with dishevelled hair; Śiṇgaṇan fled, (his) pride (and) courage forsaking (him); Aṇṇalan and all others descended from the male elephant on which they were fighting in battle, and fled; Āhavamalla, too, to whom (they were) allied, fled before them. (The king) stopped his fast furious elephant, put on the garland of victory, (seized) his (viz. Āhavamalla's) wives, his family treasures, conches, parasols, trumpets, drums, canopies, white cāmaras, the boar-banner, the ornamental arch (makara-tōraṇa), the female elephant (called) Puspaka, and a herd of war-elephants, along with a troop of prancing horses, and, amidst (general) applause, put on the crown of victory, (set with) jewels of red splendour
# Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's marathon T52

The Men's Marathon T52 had its Final on September 17 at 7:30.

## Medalists

| Gold | Thomas Geierspichler Austria |
| Silver | Hirokazu Ueyonabaru Japan |
| Bronze | Toshihiro Takada Japan |

## Results

| Place | Athlete | Final |
| 1 | Thomas Geierspichler (AUT) | 1:40:07 WR |
| 2 | Hirokazu Ueyonabaru (JPN) | 1:40:10 |
| 3 | Toshihiro Takada (JPN) | 1:40:20 |
| 4 | Santiago Jose Sanz (JPN) | 1:42:05 |
| 5 | Steven Toyoji (USA) | 1:58:37 |
| 6 | Clayton Gerein (CAN) | 2:08:04 |
| 7 | Omar Zidi (TUN) | 2:09:04 |
# The Terrorizers

The Terrorizers was the eighteenth novel in the Matt Helm secret agent novel series by Donald Hamilton. It was first published in 1977. Following the publication of this book, Hamilton put his longtime character on hiatus; the next Matt Helm novel, The Revengers, would not be published until 1982.
This novel was nominated for an Edgar Award.

## Plot summary

Matt Helm finds himself in Canada suffering from amnesia, with only his instincts keeping him alive as the tries to regain his memory while stopping a terrorist organization.
# Monkton Combe Halt railway station

vteBristol and North Somerset Railway :
Legend :
Monkton Combe Halt railway station was a railway station in Monkton Combe, Somerset, England. It was built by the Great Western Railway in 1910, on the Camerton branch of the Bristol and North Somerset Railway line.

## Operation

The Camerton branch had been built in 1882 from Hallatrow to Camerton, and extended in 1910 through Monkton Combe, where the station and level-crossing were built, to Limpley Stoke railway station, where it joined up with the line from Bath to Bradford-on-Avon railway station.
Passenger services started in 1910 and were suspended during the First World War on 22 March 1915; they resumed on 9 July 1923 (though Midford Halt never reopened) but were withdrawn entirely two years later on 21 September 1925. Passenger services ran five times a day and used GWR steam rail motors, and the station was run by one man who was also responsible for the level crossing, the signals, and maintaining the gardens.
After the end of regular passenger services, traffic included coal trains, some goods wagons to the mill, and a special train, with covered wagons for luggage, delivered or collected the boys from Monkton Combe School at the beginning and end of school terms.

## Closure

The goods services between Limpley Stoke and Camerton continued until Camerton Pit, the last working coal mine in the Cam Valley, ended production in 1950 and the line closed on 15 February 1951.
In 1952, the station was used as "Titfield" station in the Ealing comedy film The Titfield Thunderbolt. Many of the scenes of the village of "Titfield" were shot in the nearby village of Freshford. The same station location was also used in the 1931 version of The Ghost Train film.
The station was demolished in 1958.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Midford Halt Line and station closed | Great Western Railway Bristol and North Somerset Railway | Limpley Stoke Line and station closed |
# Colin McNeil

Colin McNeil (born 21 December 1972 in Lanark, Scotland) is a former professional boxer.
He won a bronze medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and also competed in the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
McNeil began boxing professionally late in his life, making his debuting during 2004 at the age of 32. He participated in The Contender Challenge: UK vs. USA, facing Cornelius Bundrage. He was also scheduled to face his Contender team-mate, Ross Minter in June 2007.
# Ribarci (Bosilegrad)

Ribarci (Serbian Cyrillic: Рибарци) is a village in the municipality of Bosilegrad, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 39 people.
# Aanand Shukla

Aanand Shukla is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Manikpur in the 2019 by election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. By-elections happen due to R. K. Singh Patel elected to Parliament.
# Donato Oliverio

Donato Oliverio (born 5 March 1956) is a prelate of the Catholic Church and the Bishop of the Eparchy of Lungro, a diocese of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Calabria, Italy.

## Episcopal genealogy

* Archbishop Nilo Isvoroff
* Bishop Michael Petkov
* Archbishop Michael Mirov
* Eparch Isaias Papadopoulos
* Eparch Giovanni Mele
* Eparch Giovanni Stamati
* Eparch Ercole Lupinacci
* Eparch Donato Oliverio
# Ōshima, Toyama

Ōshima (大島町, Ōshima-machi) was a town located in Imizu District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 10,108 and a density of 1,269.85 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 7.96 km$^2$.
On November 1, 2005, Ōshima, along with the city of Shinminato, the towns of Daimon and Kosugi, and the village of Shimo (all from Imizu District), was merged to create the city of Imizu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
# Battle of Thessalonica

Battle of Thessalonica, Siege of Thessalonica, or Sack of Thessalonica may refer to:
* Siege of Thessalonica (254), an attack on the city by Goths
* Battle of Thessalonica (380), a Gothic victory over the Roman army
* Siege of Thessalonica (586 or 597), a siege of the city by Slavs and Avars, part of the Avar-Byzantine wars
* Siege of Thessalonica (604), an attack on the city by Slavs, part of the Avar-Byzantine wars
* Siege of Thessalonica (615), an attack on the city by Slavs
* Siege of Thessalonica (617), an attack on the city by Slavs and Avars
* Siege of Thessalonica (676–678), a siege of the city by Slavs
* Sack of Thessalonica (904), a sack of the city by an Arab fleet
* Battle of Thessalonica (995), a Bulgarian victory over the Byzantines
* Battle of Thessalonica (1004), a Bulgarian victory over the Byzantines
* Battle of Thessalonica (1014), a Byzantine victory over the Bulgarians
* Battle of Thessalonica (1040), a Bulgarian victory over the Byzantines
* Battle of Thessalonica (2nd 1040), a Byzantine victory over the Bulgarians
* Sack of Thessalonica (1185), a sack of the city by the Normans
* Siege of Thessalonica (1383–1387), capture of the city by the Ottoman Empire from the Byzantines
* Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430), capture of the city by the Ottoman Empire from Venice
# Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's shot put F11–12

The Men's Shot Put F11-12 had its Final held on September 16 at 17:15.

## Medalists

| Gold | David Casinos Spain |
| Silver | Vladimir Andryushchenko Russia |
| Bronze | Vasyl Lishchynskyi Ukraine |

## Results

| Place | Athlete | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Best | Points |
| 1 | David Casino (ESP) | F11 | 13.83 | 14.50 | 14.05 | x | x | 14.02 | 14.50 | 1050 |
| 2 | Vladimir Andryushchenko (RUS) | F12 | x | 15.48 | 14.55 | 16.46 | 15.96 | 15.27 | 16.46 | 1015 |
| 3 | Vasyl Lishchynskyi (UKR) | F11 | x | 11.00 | 13.59 | 13.41 | 12.94 | 13.04 | 13.59 | 984 |
| 4 | Siarhei Hrybanau (BLR) | F12 | 14.28 | 13.98 | 14.21 | 15.35 | 14.84 | 14.14 | 15.35 | 947 |
| 5 | Yury Buchkou (BLR) | F12 | 14.82 | 14.98 | 14.07 | 13.61 | x | 13.60 | 14.98 | 924 |
| 6 | Russell Short (AUS) | F12 | 14.09 | 14.27 | 14.79 | 14.12 | 14.21 | x | 14.79 | 912 |
| 7 | Rolandas Urbonas (LTU) | F12 | 14.72 | 14.30 | x | x | 13.09 | 14.30 | 14.72 | 908 |
| 8 | Sebastian Baldassarri (ARG) | F11 | 10.93 | 10.44 | 10.47 | 11.11 | 10.85 | 9.79 | 11.11 | 804 |
# Monkton, Pembroke

Monkton is a village and parish adjoining Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales. According to the 2001 census, the population was 1,688.

## History

Monkton Priory, on a hill across the river from the Pembroke Castle, was founded in 1098 by Arnulf de Montgomery. Monkton Old Hall was originally a guest house for the Priory.
In 1833, the parish was part of the Hundred of Castlemartin, with a population of 1,128, and included Hundleton, Bentlass and other small settlements.
In 2000, Monkton was ranked the 14th most disadvantaged place in Wales and was given access to the Communities First programme. Pembrokeshire Action to Combat Hardship no longer has a base in the village, having closed due to repeated burglaries.

## Education

Monkton Priory Community Primary School has approximately 221 pupils. The village also has a dedicated centre for gypsy traveller learners, the Monkton Priory School Project.

## Worship

The Church of St Nicholas & St John is part-Norman and part early English. It was a priory church until the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is a Grade I listed building and has two chapels.

## Demographics

Monkton has a gypsy traveller site at Castle Quarry, formerly known as Catshole Quarry.
# William Press Group

William Press Group was a British engineering business which merged with Leonard Fairclough & Son to become a FTSE 100 company, AMEC.

## History

The company was founded by William Allpress in 1913 in London.
In 1954 it started to focus on developments in cathodic protection for pipelines forming Metal and Pipeline Endurance Ltd ('MAPEL').
In the 1970s it converted about 50% of the UK's houses from town gas to natural gas. It also diversified into offshore oil and gas under the leadership of Tony Hawken and Ray Daniels.
The name of the company changed from William Press & Son to William Press Group in 1981.
It merged with Leonard Fairclough & Son in 1982 to form AMEC.
# Rhoda Garrett

Rhoda Garrett (28 March 1841 – 22 November 1882) was an English suffragist and interior designer.

## Early life and education

Rhoda Garrett was born on 28 March 1841 in Elton, Derbyshire, on 28 March 1841 to Elizabeth Henry Pillcock and Revd John Fisher Garrett. Her mother died when Garrett was young and her father remarried. His second wife was considered to have "practically turned her predecessor's children out of the house to fend for themselves". Garrett supported herself and her younger brothers and sisters, struggling against poverty and poor health. Rhoda's younger half-sister was Amy Garrett Badley, and her half-brother was Fydell Edmund Garrett. Her second cousins included the sisters and suffrage campaigners Millicent Fawcett and Agnes Garrett and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson the first British woman to qualify as a doctor.

## Career

In 1867, Garrett moved to London hoping to train as an architect but it took some time to find anyone willing to offer such an opportunity to women. Garrett and her cousin Agnes Garrett were eventually apprenticed as clerks for eighteen months to London architect John McKean Brydon in 1871. He would later design Elizabeth Garrett Anderson women's hospital on Euston Road, London.
Rhoda and Agnes Garrett opened the first interior design company in Britain to be run by women. R & A Garrett opened in mid 1874, in a flat behind Baker Street station, moving to 2 Gower Street in Bloomsbury mid 1875.
Together the cousins wrote and published Suggestions for House Decoration in 1876, part of the 'Art at Home' series of interior decoration and household taste manuals published by Macmillan under the general editorship of W. J. Loftie. It was illustrated with engravings of furniture and rooms, probably of their own home at Gower Street, which was also their business premises. Examples of furniture designed by the Garretts are at Standen House, including a daybed and footstools, with characteristic wedge-shaped legs. Some of these items of furniture are illustrated in Suggestions for House Decoration. R & A Garrett also decorated the home of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Rhoda's cousin, at 4 Upper Berkeley Street in the fashionable West End of London, to which she and her husband Skelton had moved in June 1874.

## Early death

Rhoda Garrett died aged only 41 from bronchitis and typhoid fever on 22 November 1882 at her home 2 Gower Street, London which she and her cousin Agnes had shared. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson signed her death certificate. She is buried in the churchyard at Rustington where the cousins had a home.
# Aanandha Kummi

Aanandha Kummi is a 1983 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Gokula Krishnan (credited as Balakrishnan) and produced by Jeeva Ilaiyaraaja for Ilaiyaraaja Pictures. The film stars Ashwini and a newcomer Balachandran. It was released on 25 December 1983, and failed at the box office.

## Plot

The pannaiyar of a small village is highly respected due to his generosity and kindness. His wife is equally well-liked and the loving couple have a son, Jeeva. The pannaiyar's right-hand man is Azhagiri, a man who's feared throughout the town as he's prone to violence. However, he will only resort to violence when he feels an injustice or wrong warrants his intervention. Azhagiri's sister, Devanai, is a young widow with a daughter, Selvi. The pannaiyar and his wife financially support Devanai's family. Selvi and Jeeva go to school together and are friends from childhood. As they grow older, their friendship grows into love. They go away to attend the same college. While they're away, long brewing secrets between the two families come to light and drastically change both families' circumstances. Jeeva and Selvi return home to a much-altered situation and face new challenges to their love that they must overcome.

## Cast

* Balachandran
* Ashwini
* Goundamani
* Senthil
* Baby Shalini
* Pasi Narayanan
* Karuppu Subbiah

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. A section of the song "Oru Kili Uruguthu" was incorporated into the official trailer for The Lovebirds (2020). The song also features in Miracle, a segment of the anthology film Putham Pudhu Kaalai (2020). The same song was reused by Ilaiyaraaja as "Jilibili" for the Telugu film Sitaara (1984). A snippet of the song "Oh Vennilave" was reused by the rapper M.I.A. in an unreleased song.
| Song Title | Singer(s) | Lyricist |
| "Anandhakummi" | S.P. Sailaja | Vairamuthu |
| "Oru Kili Uruguthu" | S. Janaki, S.P. Sailaja | Vairamuthu |
| "Malarthinrukku" | S. Janaki, S.P. Sailaja | Vairamuthu |
| "Oomai Nenjin" | S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki | Vairamuthu |
| "Oru Kili Uruguthu" | S.P. Balasubrahmanyam | Vairamuthu |
| "Oh Vennilaave" | S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki | Vairamuthu |
| "Thamaraikodi" | S.P. Balasubrahmanyam | Vairamuthu |
| "Thindaduthe" | Ilaiyaraaja | Vairamuthu |
| "Anandhakummi – Oh Vennilaave Va" | S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, S.Janaki & S.P. Sailaja | Vairamuthu |
| "Annan Mare" | S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Ilaiyaraaja, Gangai Amaren & Dr. Kalyan | Gangai Amaran |
| "Machan Maatikitaru" | S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Ilaiyaraaja, Gangai Amaren and B.S. Sashirekha | Gangai Amaran |

## Reception

Jayamanmadhan of Kalki praised the cinematography and music but felt the situations were not perfect enough to befit these two and panned the acting of debut actors.
# Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation

The Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation was an entity of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry of the Government of Australia. It was responsible for research, development and extension for the Australian wine industry. In 2014, it was merged with Wine Australia to create the Australian Grape and Wine Authority.
# Don Lanier

Don Lanier (July 13, 1936 – July 23, 2014) was an American songwriter and composer. He composed and wrote dozens of songs for artists including Ray Charles, Dean Martin, The Everly Brothers and Hank Snow. His latest contributions as a songwriter and composer were on Featuring by Norah Jones and on Sugartime by Charlie Phillips. He was the original guitarist of Buddy Knox's Rhythm Orchids.
# Bear Brook State Park

Bear Brook State Park is a 10,000-acre (4,000 ha) preserve in Allenstown, New Hampshire, and neighboring towns. It is one of New Hampshire's largest state parks.

## Description

The park takes its name from Bear Brook, a stream which runs through the park. Its environment is that of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion.
Amenities at Bear Brook include camp sites, a picnic area, over 40 miles (64 km) of hiking trails, swimming and fishing ponds, archery range, camp store, a ball field, playground, bathhouse, shelters, picnic tables, canoe and rowboat rentals, and a physical fitness course. The park is home to the New Hampshire Snowmobile Museum, Old Allenstown Meeting House, and the Richard Diehl Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Museum, which are in historic buildings built by the Civilian Conservation Corps.
In 1985 and 2000, the remains of a total of four female bodies, one adult and three children, were found in the park. In January 2017, a suspect in the case was identified as Terry Peder Rasmussen (also known by several aliases) who had died in prison in 2010. In June 2019, three of the bodies were identified.