OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Penguin Composition Rules

Penguin Composition Rules were the guidelines written by typographer Jan Tschichold for use in composing the pages and typography of Penguin Books. The rules were embodied in a four-page booklet of typographic instructions for editors and compositors. The booklet includes headings for various aspects of composition: Text Composition; Indenting of Paragraphs; Punctuation Marks and Spelling; Capitals, Small Capitals, and Italics; References and Footnotes; Folios; The Printing of Plays; The Printing of Poetry; Make-up.
Beyond this specific set of guidelines, Tschichold made further changes to Penguin's graphic standards. Penguin is well known for its standardized book covers and formats, as well as the diversity of the standards.

## Jan Tschichold and Penguin

Penguin Books was founded by Allen Lane in 1935. The basic look of Penguin was established before Lane brought Tschichold to Penguin in the late 1940s as head of typography and production. Tschichold was in England at Penguin between 1947 and 1949 before returning to Switzerland.
Tschichold's standardization of Penguin covers essentially took existing elements and refined them visually and refined their arrangement. Under Tschichold the covers included the use of Eric Gill's Gill Sans typeface, which he was careful to have spaced evenly. According to Tschichold establishing this quality was not immediately embraced by the compositors; “Every day I had to wade through miles of corrections (often ten books daily). I had a rubber stamp made: ‘Equalize letter-spaces according to their visual value.’ It was totally ignored; the hand compositors continued to space out the capitals on title-pages (where optical spacing is essential) with spaces of equal thickness.”
Along with Gill Sans, Tschichold made use of Monotype Bembo, Monotype Centaur (by Bruce Rogers) and Gill's Perpetua typeface.
The covers conformed to the golden ratio (4+3⁄8 in × 7+1⁄8 in, 110 mm × 180 mm). For Penguin's distinctive orange color, Tschichold replaced it with a warmer tone.

## Books on the topic

* Jan Tschichold: Typographer, Ruari McLean, David R. Godine, Publisher, 1975.
* Jan Tschichold: Master Typographer, Cees W. De Jong, Thames & Hudson, 2008.
* Penguin by Design: A Cover Story, Phil Baines, Penguin, 2005.
* Jan Tschichold, Designer: The Penguin Years, Richard B. Doubleday, Oak Knoll Press, 2006.
# Penguin English Dictionary

The Penguin English Dictionary is a one-volume English-language dictionary published by Penguin Books. It is their flagship dictionary with over 70,000 entries, first published in 2000.
The Penguin English Dictionary is currently in its third edition, and its chief editor is Robert Allen. The specialist contributors and advisers involve writers for books, newspapers, magazines etc.
The dictionary is also variously known as The New Penguin English Dictionary (1st edition) or The Penguin Complete English Dictionary. The second edition was published in 2003 and the third in late 2007.
* This article about a dictionary is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pen-dre

Pen-dre (also spelled as Pendre) is a hamlet in the community of Llanbadarn Fawr, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 73.9 miles (118.9 km) from Cardiff and 178.1 miles (286.6 km) from London. Pen-dre is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.
# Pendant group

   Pendant group Side-group An offshoot, neither oligomeric nor polymeric, from a chain.
In IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry, a pendant group (sometimes spelled pendent) or side group is a group of atoms attached to a backbone chain of a long molecule, usually a polymer. Pendant groups are different from pendant chains, as they are neither oligomeric nor polymeric.
For example, the phenyl groups are the pendant groups on a polystyrene chain.
Large, bulky pendant groups such as adamantyl usually raise the glass transition temperature (T$_g$) of a polymer by preventing the chains from sliding past each other easily. Short alkyl pendant groups may lower the T$_g$ by a lubricant effect.
# Tau2 Hydrae

Tau$^2$ Hydrae is a probable astrometric binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 6.30 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 520 light years from the Sun. The brighter component is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.56.
The primary member, component A, is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A3 V. It is a suspected variable of unknown type, with an amplitude of 0.06 in visual magnitude. The star has around 4.5 times the radius of the Sun and is radiating about 285 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,918 K.
# Pedro Rabelo

Pedro Carlos da Silva Rabelo was a Brazilian journalist, short story writer and poet. He was born in Rio de Janeiro on October 19, 1868. He was the son of Joaquim de Oliveira Rabelo and Firmina Rodrigues Silva Rabelo. At a very young age, he began writing for the Rio press and established his name as a journalist. Before the age of twenty, he had joined up with the abolitionist campaign in Brazil. He was also a regular presence in the bohemian circles of the time; among his closest friends were Olavo Bilac and Guimarães Passos. Like everyone else in this group, he contributed to numerous newspapers.
He became a member of the Academia Brasileira when he was only 28 years old. But his name as a short story writer was already established by then. He succeeded his deceased friend Pardal Mallet, who had been the founding occupant of Seat 30 at the academy.
Rabelo died in Rio de Janeiro on December 27, 1905, aged just 37. His published work is small, but includes well-received works of poetry and short stories.

## Selected works

* Ópera lírica, poesia (1894)
* Alma alheia, contos (1895)
* Filhotadas, versos humorísticos (1898)
* Casos alegres: histórias para gente sorumbática (1905)
# 2007 Canada rugby union tour of New Zealand

The 2007 Canada rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of matches played in June 2007 in New Zealand by the Canada national rugby union team.

## Results

* 16 June 2007
| New Zealand | 64–13 | Canada |
| Try: Carter 3, Gear Hore, Howlett McAlister, Masoe Schwalger, Sivivatu Con: Carter 7 | report | Try: Pyke Con: Pritchard Pen: Pritchard 2 |
* Waikato Stadium, Hamilton Attendance: 25,000 Referee: Christophe Berdos (France)
| New Zealand | | Canada |
| Mils Muliaina | FB | 15 | FB | Mike Pyke |
| Doug Howlett | W | 14 | W | Justin Mensah-Coker |
| Luke McAlister | C | 13 | C | Craig Culpan |
| Aaron Mauger | C | 12 | C | Dave Spicer |
| Sitiveni Sivivatu | W | 11 | W | James Pritchard |
| Dan Carter | FH | 10 | FH | Ryan Smith |
| Byron Kelleher | SH | 9 | SH | Morgan Williams (capt.) |
| Jerry Collins | N8 | 8 | N8 | Sean-Michael Stephen |
| Chris Masoe | F | 7 | F | Stan McKeen |
| (capt.) Reuben Thorne | F | 6 | F | Colin Yukes |
| Ross Filipo | L | 5 | L | Mike Burak |
| Troy Flavell | L | 4 | L | Luke Tait |
| Neemia Tialata | P | 3 | P | Scott Franklin |
| Andrew Hore | H | 2 | H | Pat Riordan |
| John Schwalger | P | 1 | P | Kevin Tkachuk |
| | | Replacements | | |
| Keven Mealamu | | 16 | F | Aaron Carpenter |
| Carl Hayman | | 17 | P | Dan Pletch |
| Rodney So'oialo | | 18 | P | Mike Pletch |
| Richie McCaw | L | 19 | L | Josh Jackson |
| Piri Weepu | SH | 20 | F | Adam Kleeberger |
| Rico Gear | C | 21 | C | Dean van Camp |
| Leon MacDonald | FB | 22 | SH | Ed Fairhurst |
| | | Coaches | | |
| Graham Henry | | | | |
* 22 June 2007
| New Zealand U.21 | 13–16 | Canada XV |
* Rotorua
# Penny Herscher

Penny Herscher is an American executive in electronic design automation industry, formerly with Cadence Design Systems.
She was Chairman and CEO of Simplex Solutions when the company IPO’d, subsequently acquired by Cadence in 2002
Within Cadence she held positions of executive vice president and general manager of the design and functional verification division.
Penny Herscher holds a BA Hons, MA in mathematics from Cambridge University. She began her career in 1982 as an R&D engineer with Texas Instruments and then Daisy Systems. During 1988 - 1996 she was an employee and senior executive at Synopsys.

## Awards and recognition

* 2000: Marie Pistilli Award (the first recipient)

## Modern Health lawsuit

Penny Herscher led a special litigation committee investigating allegations of theft, plagiarism, kickbacks and fraud in a derivative suit against Modern Health, a company she sat on the board of. Herscher testified that she had maintained an 18-year family friendship with David Berger, Modern Health’s then–defense attorney from Wilson Sonsini, and that he had introduced her to Watson and helped recruit her to the board. As a result, the judge dismissed the company's motions due to the perceived bias of Herscher and the SLC. It was reported that Herscher mocked the plaintiff’s allegation that Modern Health advertised it had Javanese-speaking therapists when it in fact had no such therapists. “Javanese is not a language,” she said. “That’s what’s so bizarre about this.…Java is a computer language, and there is no such language as Javanese.” Javanese is indeed a real language spoken by nearly 100 million people.
# Pelopium

Pelopium was the proposed name for a new element found by the chemist Heinrich Rose in 1845. The name derived from the Greek king and later god Pelops, son of Tantalus. During the analysis of the mineral tantalite, he concluded that it does contain an element similar to niobium and tantalum. The similar reactivity of niobium and tantalum complicated preparation of pure samples and therefore several new elements were proposed, which were later found to be mixtures of niobium and tantalum.
The differences between tantalum and niobium and the fact that no other similar element was present were unequivocally demonstrated in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as Louis J. Troost, who determined the formulas of some of the compounds in 1865 and finally by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.
This confusion arose from the minimal observed differences between tantalum and niobium. Both tantalum and niobium react with chlorine and traces of oxygen, including atmospheric concentrations, with niobium forming two compounds: the white volatile niobium pentachloride (NbCl$_5$) and the non-volatile niobium oxychloride (NbOCl$_3$). The claimed new elements pelopium, ilmenium and dianium were in fact identical to niobium or mixtures of niobium and tantalum.
# People's Progressive Movement (Malawi)

The People's Progressive Movement (PPM) is a political party in Malawi. At the elections of 20 May 2004, its candidate for president Aleke Banda won 2.5% and the party was part of the Mgwirizano Coalition, that won 27 out of 194 seats. Aleke Banda was the close friend of hastings Kamuzu Banda in 1956. He was among the people who founded the Nyasaland Congress Party. He was also saved as Ministry of Agriculture in the United Democratic Front (UDF) during Bakali Muluzi's time. He left UDF together with Mark Katsonga Phiri and formed their party after there was disagreement with Muluzi about the Presidency of Bingu wa Munthalika.
The PPM was part of the Tonse Alliance to support Lazarus Chakwera for the 2020 Malawian presidential election.
# People's Progressive Party (Solomon Islands)

The People's Progressive Party (PPP) was a political party in the Solomon Islands.

## History

The PPP was established in February 1974. It was initially led by Solomon Mamaloni and was estimated to have around six members of the Governing Council. Later in the year, an election was held for the first Chief Minister. Mamaloni defeated Benedict Kinika of the United Solomon Islands Party and formed a cabinet of PPP members and independents. He resigned in November 1975 after an inquiry into action taken without consulting his cabinet, and when he was re-elected in December he formed a cabinet with five USIPA members, two from the PPP and one independent.
Following the formation of the new government and prior to the 1976 general elections, the PPP and USIPA both disintegrated. In 1979 it merged with the Rural Alliance Party to form the People's Alliance Party.

## 2001–2006 party

A party of the same name existed briefly from 2001 until 2006, led by Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare. It contested the 2001 general election and won 3 seats.
# Tauondi Aboriginal College

Tauondi Aboriginal College, founded as the College of Aboriginal Education and also known as Tauondi Aboriginal Community College, is a non-profit independent Australian Aboriginal college in Port Adelaide, South Australia.

## History

The College of Aboriginal Education was founded by Gladys Elphick in 1973.
It was renamed to Tauondi Aboriginal College to honour the traditional owners of the Adelaide Plains, the Kaurna people. In Kaurna, tauondi means to "penetrate and break through”.
In 1996, this college, along with four others, founded the Federation of Independent Aboriginal Education Providers.

## Description

Tauondi Aboriginal College provides adult education for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, with the aim of "upholding Aboriginal cultures and identities in ways that respect Aboriginal lore and custom and the diversity of students' experiences and ambitions".
It teaches Aboriginal languages, including Kaurna and Ngarrindjeri. The first students of the first training course to be specially tailored to the teaching of Aboriginal languages and the sharing of language skills graduated in 2021.
# Teatersville, Kentucky

Teatersville is an unincorporated community in Garrard County, Kentucky, United States. Its post office is closed.
# Teatern, Malmö

Teatern, Malmö is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Borough of Västra Innerstaden, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.
# 2008 Sacramento State Hornets football team

The 2008 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented California State University, Sacramento as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2008 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by second-year head coach Marshall Sperbeck, Sacramento State compiled an overall record of 6–6 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, tying for sixth place in the Big Sky. The team was outscored by its opponents 324 to 319 for the season. The Hornets played home games at Hornet Stadium in Sacramento, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | Humboldt State* | Hornet StadiumSacramento, CA | W 45–13 | 10,172 |
| September 6 | at Colorado State* | Hughes StadiumFort Collins, CO | L 20–23 | 20,051 |
| September 13 | Southern Oregon* | Hornet StadiumSacramento, CA | W 27–16 | 6,603 |
| September 20 | Weber State | Hornet StadiumSacramento, CA | L 27–32 | 7,186 |
| September 27 | Portland State | Hornet StadiumSacramento, CA | W 41–31 | 8,437 |
| October 4 | at No. 24 Northern Arizona | Walkup SkydomeFlagstaff, AZ | L 10–42 | 9,157 |
| October 18 | at No. 8 Montana | Washington–Grizzly StadiumMissoula, MT | L 7–43 | 25,486 |
| October 25 | Montana State | Hornet StadiumSacramento, CA | L 20–31 | 6,138 |
| November 1 | at Eastern Washington | Woodward FieldCheney, WA | W 15–13 | 4,814 |
| November 8 | at UC Davis* | Aggie StadiumDavis, CA (Causeway Classic) | W 29–19 | 10,317 |
| November 15 | Northern Colorado | Hornet StadiumSacramento, CA | W 45–25 | 10,567 |
| November 22 | at Idaho State | Holt ArenaPocatello, ID | L 33–36 $^{OT}$ | 4,814 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Te Whatanui

Te Whatanui (died 1846) was the leading chief of the Ngāti Raukawa iwi (Māori tribe) of New Zealand from the 1820s to the 1840s.
His father was Tihao of the Ngāti Huia and Ngāti Parewahawaha hapū (subtribes) of Ngāti Raukawa, which resided in south Waikato. His mother was Pareraukawa, sister of Hape, a chief of Ngāti Huia and Ngāti Raukawa. Te Whatanui led groups of Ngāti Raukawa settlers to Taupo, then Hawkes Bay, and finally to the Kāpiti Coast.
# Peptococcaceae

The Peptococcaceae are a family of bacteria in the order Clostridiales.
# 2008 Southeastern Louisiana Lions football team

The 2008 Southeastern Louisiana Lions football team represented Southeastern Louisiana University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 2008 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by second-year head coach Mike Lucas, the Lions compiled an overall record of 5–7 with a mark of 2–5 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for sixth in the Southland. Southeastern Louisiana played home games at Strawberry Stadium in Hammond, Louisiana.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | 5:00 pm | at Alcorn State* | Jack Spinks StadiumLorman, MS | | W 34–28 | 7,500 |
| September 6 | 6:00 pm | at Mississippi State* | Davis Wade StadiumStarkville, MS | | L 10–34 | 41,938 |
| September 13 | 6:00 pm | South Dakota* | Strawberry StadiumHammond, LA | | W 31–30 | 5,346 |
| September 20 | 6:00 pm | at Louisiana Tech* | Joe Aillet StadiumRuston, LA | | L 26–41 | 17,623 |
| September 27 | 6:00 pm | North Dakota* | Strawberry StadiumHammond, LA | | W 38–35 | 5,216 |
| October 4 | 6:00 pm | at Stephen F. Austin | Homer Bryce StadiumNacogdoches, TX | | L 45–48 | 7,230 |
| October 18 | 6:00 pm | Northwestern State | Strawberry StadiumHammond, LA (rivalry) | Southeastern Channel | W 26–21 | 7,162 |
| October 25 | 6:00 pm | at Central Arkansas | Estes StadiumConway, AR | | L 21–28 | 9,113 |
| November 1 | 6:00 pm | No. 20 McNeese State | Strawberry StadiumHammond, LA | Southeastern Channel | L 14–24 | 6,212 |
| November 8 | 2:00 pm | Texas State | Strawberry StadiumHammond, LA | SCTN | L 24–38 | 3,267 |
| November 15 | 6:00 pm | at Sam Houston State | Bowers StadiumHuntsville, TX | | W 30–27 $^{OT}$ | 7,027 |
| November 22 | 1:00 pm | at Nicholls State | John L. Guidry StadiumThibodaux, LA (River Bell Classic) | SCTN | L 28–35 | 7,352 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time ||||||||
# Tchetti

Tchetti is an arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Savalou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 8,284.
# Pellegrino Aretusi

Pellegrino Aretusi (ca. 1460–1523), also known as Pellegrini de Modena and Pellegrino Munari, was an Italian painter who was born in Modena, Italy. His early instruction was from his father Giovanni Munari. About 1509, Pellegrino went to Rome to assist Raphael at the Vatican. Pellegrino was then commissioned to paint frescos in the Church of St. Eustachio and the Church of St. Giacomo degli Spagnuoli, both in Rome. He was murdered on 20 November 1523 by relatives of a youth whom his son had killed.
# Rachida Ferdjaoui

Rachida Ferdjaoui (born 1965) is a retired Algerian sprinter and hurdler who saw success on continental level.
At the Arab Athletics Championships she won three gold medals; the 100 and 200 metres in 1983 and only the 200 metres in 1987. At the 1983 Maghreb Championships she won silver in the 200 and bronze in the 400 metres hurdles, going on to win the 400 metres hurdles at the 1986 Maghreb Championships. She also won the silver medal in hurdles at the 1984 African Championships, albeit with only two finishers. She also finished eighth in the 800 metres at the 1983 Mediterranean Games.
She became Algerian champion eight times between 1983 and 1988, in the 100, 200, 400 metres and 400 metres hurdles.
# 2022 ISA World Junior Surfing Championship

The 2022 ISA World Junior Surfing Championship took place across the La Bocana and El Sunzal waves at Surf City in El Salvador, from 27 May to 5 June 2022. It was the 18th edition of the event and was organized by the International Surfing Association (ISA).

## Medal summary
### Medallists
#### Under 18

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Boys | Luke Swanson Hawaii | Shion Crawford Hawaii | Luke Thompson South Africa |
| Girls | Eweleiula Wong Hawaii | Lucía Machado Spain | Hina-Maria Conradi France |

#### Under 16

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Boys | Willis Droomer Australia | Iñigo Madina France | Luke Tema Hawaii |
| Girls | Erin Brooks Canada | Bella Kenworthy United States | Mirai Ikeda Japan |

### Medal table

* Host nation (El Salvador)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Hawaii (HAW) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Canada (CAN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | South Africa (RSA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | Totals (8 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
# Copper Creek, Virginia

Copper Creek is an unincorporated community located in Russell County, Virginia.

## Notable residents

* Country music legend Sara Carter of the Carter Family was born there.
* Appalachian music man Uncle Charlie Osborne lived there.
# Cantons of the Gironde department

The following is a list of the 33 cantons of the Gironde department, in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
* Andernos-les-Bains
* Bordeaux-1
* Bordeaux-2
* Bordeaux-3
* Bordeaux-4
* Bordeaux-5
* Le Bouscat
* La Brède
* Cenon
* Les Coteaux de Dordogne
* Créon
* L'Entre-Deux-Mers
* L'Estuaire
* Gujan-Mestras
* Les Landes des Graves
* Le Libournais-Fronsadais
* Lormont
* Mérignac-1
* Mérignac-2
* Le Nord-Gironde
* Le Nord-Libournais
* Le Nord-Médoc
* Pessac-1
* Pessac-2
* Les Portes du Médoc
* La Presqu'île
* Le Réolais et Les Bastides
* Saint-Médard-en-Jalles
* Le Sud-Gironde
* Le Sud-Médoc
* Talence
* La Teste-de-Buch
* Villenave-d'Ornon
# Pigi County

Pigi County is a county in Jonglei State, South Sudan.
# Cléré-du-Bois

Cléré-du-Bois (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Indre department in central France.
# Charlotte Wedell

Charlotte Bolette Sophie, Baroness Wedell-Wedellsborg (27 January 1862 – 22 July 1953) was one of four women mathematicians to attend the inaugural International Congress of Mathematicians, held in Zurich in 1897.
Wedell was originally from Denmark, the daughter of Vilhelm Ferdinand, Baron Wedell-Wedellsborg [da] (of the Wedel noble family) and Louise Marie Sophie, Countess Schulin, and the granddaughter of Johan Sigismund Schulin (1808–1880) [da]. At the time of the Congress, in 1897, she had just completed a doctorate at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, with Adolf Hurwitz as an unofficial mentor. The subject of her dissertation was the application of elliptic functions to the construction of the Malfatti circles.
At the congress, Wedell was listed as being affiliated with the University of Göttingen. The other three women at the congress were Iginia Massarini, Vera von Schiff, and Charlotte Scott. None were speakers; the first Congress with a woman as a speaker was in 1912.
Wedell married engineer Eugène Tomasini in Copenhagen in 1898; they divorced in 1909.
# Well-tempered

Well-tempered may refer to:
* Well temperament, a method of tuning musical instruments
* Well-Tempered Clavier, a composition by Bach
# Canola (disambiguation)

Canola is a vegetable oil derived from rapeseed.
Canola may also refer to:
* Canola (film), a South Korean film
* Canola (mythology), the inventor of the harp in Celtic mythology
* Marco Canola (b. 1988), an Italian racing cyclist