OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Dease

William Dease (1752?–1798) was an Irish surgeon and anatomist. He was one of the founders of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and its first Professor of Surgery. He studied surgery in Dublin and Paris and was appointed surgeon to the United Hospitals of St Nicholas and St Catherine.
Dease was an original member of the Dublin Society of Surgeons who sought to dissolve the connection that linked surgeons with barbers. The granting of a charter to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1784 replaced the original charter of barbers and surgeons, enabling the college to promote and advance surgery in Ireland. According to Cameron in his History of RCSI, Dease contributed liberally towards the expenses incurred in procuring the College Charter. He was the most energetic of the Founders of the college, and was one of the first to lecture in it. His success as a teacher was so great that young men were attracted to him, and enrolled themselves as his apprentices or pupils in great numbers.
Dease published treatises on head injuries, midwifery and the radical cure of hydrocele.

## Life

He was born about 1752 in Lisney, County Cavan. He was sent to Dr. Clancy's school in Dublin, and then studied medicine in the city and in Paris. He set up in practice in Dublin, and gained repute as a surgeon, holding hospital appointments. He took an active part in procuring a charter of incorporation for the Dublin surgeons, and became the first professor of surgery in the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in 1785, and President of RCSI in 1789.
Dease had a good practice, and married Eliza, daughter of Sir Richard Dowdall. His death was in June 1798, under circumstances are unclear. According to one account he had made the mistake of opening an aneurysm in a patient with a fatal result, taking it for an abscess, went to his study and opened his own femoral artery; according to another account, he died from an accidental wound of the femoral artery; and by a third account, from the rupture of an aneurysm.
In 1812 the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland procured his bust and placed it in the inner hall; in 1886 a statue of him, presented by his grandson, was placed in the principal hall of the college.

## Selected publications

Selected works:
* An introduction to the theory and practice of surgery London: Murray, 1780.
* Observations on wounds of the head. Dublin: J. Williams, 1776.
* Observations on the different methods of treating the venereal disease. Dublin: J. Williams, 1779.
* Observations on the different methods made use of for the radical cure of the hydrocele or watryrupture, and on other diseases of the testicle. Dublin: Williams, 1782.
* Observations in midwifery, particularly on the different methods of assisting women in tedious and difficult labours. Dublin: J. Williams, 1783.
# Aayiram Muthangaludan Thenmozhi

Aayiram Muthangaludan Thenmozhi (transl. Thenmozhi with a thousand kisses) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Shanmugarajan and starring Venkatesh and Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj (credited as Akshara).

## Cast

* Venkatesh as Ramesh
* Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj as Thenmozhi

## Production

The director Shanmugharajan, an associate of Cheran, used seventy one newcomers as actors for the film. A month long training camp was set up before the film began shooting. Each of the film's sixty-two scenes were each shot individually in a single shot, which was the trial shot. The shots were then edited and reshot.

## Soundtrack

The songs were composed by Taj Noor.
| Song | Lyricist | Singer(s) |
| "Satham Sathamindri" | Tharangai Surya | Swetha Mohan |
| "Karaikkal" | Shanmugarajan | Harish Iyer, Hemambika |
| "Palodu Thaen Sera" | Yugabharathi | Raheeb Aalam, Rajalakshmi |
| "Dan Dan Dan" | Gnanakaravel | Velmurugan, Ananthu, A. R. Reihana |
| "Un Peyer Enna" | Uvari Sukumar | Niwas |
| "My Dear Purusha" | Eknath | Ananthu, Priyadarshini, Shanmugarajan |
| "Theendatha Theeyai" | Gnanakaravel | Karthik, Padmalatha |

## Reception

A critic from The Times of India wrote that "To be fair to Venkatesh and Akshara, they have ably delivered what was demanded of them. They are unfortunately let down by a poor screenplay". A critic from Behindwoods wrote that "Director Shanmugaraj has been successful in portraying how small issues turn into bigger ones in a relationship. But, the problem is that film is full of these small issues only".
# Turraea kimbozensis

Turraea kimbozensis is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Zabrat

Zabrat (also, Sabrat) is a settlement and municipality in Baku, Azerbaijan. It has a population of 22,497.

## Transportation

Baku suburban railway
# William Pedersen (politician)

William Pedersen (February 28, 1883 – January 31, 1970) was an American-born farmer, rancher and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Milestone in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1934 to 1944 as a Liberal.
He was born in Rorbeck, Iowa, the son of Peter Pederson and Anna C. Yarby, both natives of Denmark, and came to Canada in 1907. Pederson was educated in Des Moines and at the Agricultural College in Ames. In 1907, he married Sarah Rebecca Christenson. He served as reeve of the rural municipality of Caledonia from 1925 to 1934. Pederson was also a Mason, president of the Milestone Agricultural Society and president of the Saskatchewan Cattle Breeders' Association. Pederson was defeated by Frank Keem Malcolm when he ran for reelection to the assembly in 1944.
# Bromus arvensis

Bromus arvensis, the field brome, is a brome grass native to Europe and Asia. The specific epithet arvensis is Latin, meaning "of cultivated land".

## Description

Bromus arvensis is an annual or biennial grass with erect culms growing 0.3–0.9 m (1 ft 0 in – 2 ft 11 in) tall. The grass has an extensive fibrous root system. The leaf sheaths are softly pubescent and leaf blades are pubescent on both faces. The leaf blades are 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long and 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) wide. The obtuse ligules are 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long. The large, open panicles are 10–30 m (33–98 ft) long and 4–20 cm (1.6–7.9 in) wide, with ascending branches that droop at their ends. The straight or slightly curved branches are typically longer than the spikelets. The lanceolate spikelets are 1.5–3 cm (0.59–1.18 in) long and become purplish at maturity. The spikelets have long pedicels and are five to twelve flowered. The bases of florets can be concealed or obvious at maturity. The glumes are glabrous. The lower glumes are three-veined and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long, and the upper glumes are five-veined and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long. The obtuse and glabrous or slightly scabrous lemmas are 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long and 1.1–1.5 mm (0.043–0.059 in) wide, and have seven faint nerves. The margins are translucent and end in lengthy and acute teeth. The awns are straight and 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long. The anthers are approximately 4 mm (0.16 in) long. The caryopses are shorter than the paleas and can be either weakly or strongly rolled inwards.
The grass flowers in June and July.

## Habitat and distribution

Bromus arvensis grows along roadsides, in disturbed areas, and in fields. It is native to southern and central Europe, but is now naturalized as a weed throughout temperate regions including North America and Asia. The grass is a soil improver and is useful for erosion control.
# William Downie

William Downie (1819–1893) was a Scottish prospector and explorer involved in the gold rushes in California and British Columbia of the mid-19th Century.

## Life and death

Downie was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and raised in Ayrshire.$^{:8}$
In gold rush-era California, Major Downie led an expedition up the North Fork of the Yuba River after having arrived in San Francisco on 27 June 1849. On 5 Oct. he led a group of African American sailors and one Irish lad eventually reaching the forks of the North Yuba. Downie stated, "The spot where the town stands was then the handsomest I have ever seen in the mountains." They found gold all along the river, not even needing a shovel to do so.
Downieville, California was adopted as the town name in a local election, and the original name of "The Forks" was gradually dropped.$^{:84}$
Downie explored British Columbia at the request of Governor James Douglas. In 1858 he investigated the route from Bute Inlet to the Cariboo via the Homathko River, an attempted development of which led to the Chilcotin War a few years later. At the onset of the Big Bend Gold Rush of 1865, Downie travelled up the Columbia River before steamboat service on that route began.
Then in 1874, Downie left for Panama where he sought gold and silver by grave robbing. He then visited Alaska as he states, "for the purpose of taking a cursory glance of this wonderful country."$^{:303–329}$
Downie died on 27 Dec. 1893 on board the steamer City of Puebla just before disembarking in San Francisco from Victoria, British Columbia.

## Legacy

Downieville, California is named for Major Downie. He is also the namesake of Downie Peak in the Selkirks. Also named for him is the former goldrush boomtown of Downie Creek, at the confluence of the stream of the same name with the Columbia River and adjacent to the vanished boomtown of La Porte, both at the heart of the Big Bend goldfields.
# Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire. After 1762, all Lord Lieutenants were also Custos Rotulorum of Carmarthenshire. The office was abolished on 31 March 1974 and replaced by the Lord Lieutenant of Dyfed.

## Lord Lieutenants of Carmarthenshire to 1974

* see Lord Lieutenant of Wales before 1694
* Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke 11 May 1694 – 7 October 1715
* vacant
* George Rice 5 May 1755 – 2 August 1779
* Thomas Johnes 7 September 1779 – 28 April 1780
* John Vaughan 28 April 1780 – 19 January 1804
* George Rice, 3rd Baron Dynevor 21 April 1804 – 9 April 1852
* John Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor 4 May 1852 – 7 November 1860
* John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor 26 April 1861 – 29 March 1898
* Sir James Williams-Drummond, 4th Baronet 12 July 1898 – 15 June 1913
* John William Gwynne Hughes 15 September 1913 – January 1917
* John Hinds 22 March 1917 – 23 July 1928
* Walter FitzUryan Rice, 7th Baron Dynevor 11 August 1928 – 17 January 1949
* Sir George Clark Williams, 1st Baronet 17 January 1949 – 1953
* Sir Grismond Picton Philipps 23 February 1954 – 8 May 1967
* Charles William Nevill 25 July 1967 – 2 June 1973
* Sir David Courtenay Mansel Lewis 7 June 1973 – 31 March 1974

## Deputy lieutenants

A deputy lieutenant of Carmarthenshire is commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire. Deputy lieutenants support the work of the lord-lieutenant. There can be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment does not terminate with the changing of the lord-lieutenant, but they usually retire at age 75.

### 18th Century

* 2 June 1798: The Rev. Edward Picton
* 3 July 1798: The Rev. Lewis Lewis

### 19th Century

* 5 March 1813: The Rev. David Protheroe
# Aayiram Pookkal Malarattum

Aayiram Pookkal Malarattum (transl. Let a thousand flowers blossom) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language romance film written and directed by E. Ramdoss in his debut. The film stars Mohan, Seetha and Ranjini. It was released on 8 August 1986.

## Cast

* Mohan as Arun
* Seetha as Seetha
* Ranjini
* Goundamani
* Senthil
* Janagaraj
* Rajkumar Sethupathi
* Chakravarthy
* Meesai Murugesan
* Madhumohan
* Poornam Viswanathan
* Charle
* Thyagu
* Chinni Jayanth
* Rajan
* Kuyili
* Baby Anju
* Baby Sharada Preetha
* K. S. Ravikumar

## Production

E. Ramdoss who worked as an assistant to Manivannan made his directorial debut with this film. Despite a publicised fallout between the producer and the original music composer Ilaiyaraaja, the film became a success commercially.

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by V. S. Narasimhan.

## Reception

Kalki said the music by Narasimhan was "okay", and lauded the cinematography by Dinesh Baboo.
# Dakshini Nanda Devi Glacier

Dakshini Nanda Devi Glacier is a glacier in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. With Uttari Nanda Devi Glacier, Dakshini Nanda Devi Glacier flanks Nanda Devi peak and also feeds the Rishiganga river. Nanda Khat is also near.
Dakshini Nanda Devi Glacier has a retreat of 130 metres (430 ft) per year.
# Turnerkamp

The Turnerkamp is a mountain in the Zillertal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.
# Yvonne M. Williams

Yvonne Michelle Williams (born June 13, 1972) is an associate judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.

## Education and career

Williams earned her Bachelor of Arts from University of California at Berkeley in 1994, and her Juris Doctor from Northeastern University School of Law in 1997.
After graduating, she worked as a staff attorney at the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. In October 1999 she joined the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia as a trial attorney and in 2005, she went into private practice.

### D.C. superior court

President Barack Obama nominated Williams on February 3, 2011, to a 15-year term as an associate judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to the seat vacated by Brook Hedge. On June 15, 2011, the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs held a hearing on her nomination. On June 29, 2011, the Committee reported her nomination favorably to the Senate floor. On August 2, 2011, the full Senate confirmed her nomination by voice vote. She was sworn in on December 16, 2011.
# Porsche Typ 754 T7

The Porsche Typ 754 T7, also known as the T7 Prototype or 695, is a prototype automobile built by Porsche in 1961. It would later become the Porsche 911. The front end is very similar to the 911, but the rear is somewhat different. Also, unlike the 911, the T7 had four seats. The T7 was developed from the Porsche 356 by Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, and has a wheelbase that is 100 mm (3.9 in) longer (up to 300 mm (11.8 in) longer in early designs). It has a top speed of 200 km/h (124 mph).
The car is currently on display at the Porsche Museum, Stuttgart.
# Michael Trenary

Michael Trenary is an American chemist currently Professor at University of Illinois at Chicago. His interests are chemical and surface reaction mechanisms. He was Elected as Fellow at the American Vacuum Society in 2002, American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2009 and American Chemical Society in 2011.

## Education

He earned his B.S. at University of California, Berkeley in 1978 and his Ph.D at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1982. He's also taught at Waseda University and Tohoku University.

## Selected publications

* Islam, A.; Abdel-Rahman, M. K.; Trenary, M., Heat of Adsorption of Propyne on Cu(111) from Isotherms Measured by Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem C 2021, 125 (34), 18786-18791.
* Islam, A.; Molina, D. L.; Trenary, M., Adsorption of acrolein and its hydrogenation products on Cu(111). Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2022, 24 (39), 24383-24393.
* Christopher M. Kruppe, Joel D. Krooswyk, and Michael Trenary, “Polarization dependent infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed carbon monoxide as a probe of the Pd/Cu(111) single atom alloy surface”, J. Phys. Chem. C, 121, 9361-9369 (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b01227
* Dominic A. Esan, Yuan D. Ren, Xu Feng, and Michael Trenary, “Adsorption and hydrogenation of acrolein on Ru(001)”, J. Phys. Chem. C, 121, 4384-4392 (2017) DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12678.
* Yuan Ren, Dominic Esan, Iradwikanari Waluyo, Joel D. Krooswyk, and Michael Trenary, “Spectroscopic identification of surface intermediates in the decomposition of methylamine on Ru(001)”, J. Phys. Chem. C, 121, 9424-9432 (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02092.
* Emiko Kazuma, Jaehoon Jung, Hiromu Ueba, Michael Trenary, and Yousoo Kim, “A direct pathway of molecular photodissociation with visible light on metal surfaces”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 3115-3121 (2017) DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12680.
* Dominic Esan and Michael Trenary, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, “Surface Chemistry of propanal, 2-propenol, and 1-propanol on Ru(001)”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 19, 10870-10877 (2017). DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08893g.
* Xu Feng, Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman, Christopher M. Kruppe, Michael Trenary, “Deposition and Characterization of Stoichiometric Films of V2O5 on Pd(111)”, Surf. Sci., 664, 1-7 (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2017.05.004.
# Gordon Lindhurst

Gordon John Lindhurst is a former Scottish Conservative politician and practising advocate. He served as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Lothian region from 2016 to 2021. Lindhurst has also been called as a barrister in England and Wales.

## Background and legal career

Lindhurst studied at the University of Edinburgh where he completed his first degree, an LLB (Honours). At Glasgow University he studied the vocational Diploma in Legal Practice before completing his legal training to become a solicitor with the Edinburgh law firm, Warden Bruce & Co. WS. Following qualification, Lindhurst studied for and was awarded a master's degree in European law at Heidelberg University in Germany, and is fluent in German. Thereafter calling to the Scottish Bar, he practised full time as an advocate until entering the Scottish Parliament. Lindhurst was also called as a barrister in England and Wales in 2008.
Lindhurst returned to practice in 2021.

## Political career
### Early career

Lindhurst was the Conservative candidate for Linlithgow in the 1999 and 2003 Scottish Parliament elections. He also stood in the 2001 general election in Linlithgow and the 2005 Livingston by-election, finishing third of six with 9.0% and fourth of ten with 6.8% respectively. In the 2015 United Kingdom general election he stood as a candidate in Edinburgh South West, coming third of six candidates with 20.2% of the vote.

### Election to the Scottish Parliament

In the 2016 Scottish Parliament election Lindhurst stood for the Edinburgh Pentlands constituency, finishing in second place, but successfully increasing the Scottish Conservative vote share. Having missed out in the constituency vote, he was instead elected for the Lothian regional list.
As an MSP, he served as Convener of the Economy, Jobs and Fair Work Committee, whose work included one of the few Committee Bills of the session, the Pre-Release Access to Official Statistics (Scotland) Act 2021. He also served as a member of the Social Security Committee, the Culture, Tourism, Europe and External Affairs Committee, and the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee during his time as an MSP.
# Clifford Wright (bishop)

Royston Clifford Wright (4 July 1922 – 14 February 2014) was the Anglican Bishop of Monmouth from 1986 to 1991.

## Church roles

Wright was educated at the University of Wales, Cardiff, studied for ordination at St Stephen's House in Oxford and was ordained in 1946. He held curacies in Bedwas, Newport and Walton-on-the-Hill, Liverpool before 17 years as a naval chaplain. In 1968 he became vicar of Blaenavon and then rector of a team ministry in Ebbw Vale from 1974 to 1977. Further appointments as Rural Dean of Pontypool, and Archdeacon of Monmouth followed, after which he became the Archdeacon of Newport. Elected to become the Bishop of Monmouth in 1986, he held the bishopric until 1991.

## Views

A traditionalist in his theology and an opponent to the ordination of women to the priesthood and episcopate, he nonetheless served as an assistant bishop to his successors, Rowan Williams and Dominic Walker, ( both of whom supported women's ordination) and did not take a prominent role in the discussions of the issue in retirement.
Although some sources have described him as authoritarian in his approach to administering a diocese, Wright was also known to inject humour into a situation. When a priest of his diocese acquired a phone-answering machine and left on it a message saying "Father has gone to say Mass, he does sometimes", the cleric was somewhat dumbfounded on his return to find a message from his superior saying: "This is Bishop Wright, who is pleased to hear it, could you ring me back please"?

## Death

Following his death in 2014, the Archbishop of Wales, Barry Morgan, said: “Bishop Clifford had a pastoral heart and a good sense of humour. He was also a very able administrator, managing the diocese well and overseeing the purchase of the diocesan office and resources centre. He affirmed the work of Sunday Schools while the value of Church day-schools was asserted by the opening of two voluntary aided schools." The present Bishop of Monmouth, Richard Pain, who had served as a curate and incumbent under Wright, added that his predecessor had "a great love for the Diocese and his wise counsel was appreciated across the Province of Wales.”.
# Blastocladia coronata

Blastocladia coronata is a species of fungus from India.
# Rembercourt-sur-Mad

Rembercourt-sur-Mad (French pronunciation:, literally Rembercourt on Mad) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## Geography

The Rupt de Mad flows northeastward through the commune and crosses the village.
# Barton Beds

Barton Beds (now the Barton Group) is the name given to a series of grey and brown clays, with layers of sand, of Upper Eocene age (around 40 million years old), which are found in the Hampshire Basin of southern England. They are particularly well exposed in the cliffs at Barton-on-Sea, which is the type locality for the Barton Beds, and lends its name to the Bartonian age of the Eocene epoch. The clay is abundant in fossils, especially molluscs.
The beds are found in the Hampshire Basin, and are well exposed in the cliffs of Barton, Hordle, and on the Isle of Wight. The cliffs at Barton are the world type locality for the Barton Beds. The beds consist of grey, greenish and brown clays with bands of sand and have long been well known for the abundance and excellent preservation of their fossils. More than 500 species have been recorded, of which, over half are molluscs, including numerous turret shells and lamellibranchs. Sharks teeth are common, and the beds have yielded remains of corals, fishes, mammals, reptiles, and birds. Plant fossils are also abundant. In the 1840s fossils were found in the "crocodile bed" at Hordle cliff, which belonged to an extinct species of alligator, which was subsequently named Diplocynodon hantoniensis, after the county of Hampshire (Hantonia being a Latinization based on the Anglo-Saxon name Hantescire). Above the highly fossiliferous Barton Clay, there is a sandy series with few fossils; these are the Headon Hill or Barton Sands. Today, the Barton Beds are rather poorly exposed in many sections due to coastal protection works.
The Barton Beds are of Upper Eocene age, and the area was covered with an inland sea, and the temperature was higher than at the present day. The term "Bartonian" was introduced by Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1857 for the continental equivalents of the series.
# Bamanpukur Humayun Kabir Mahavidyalaya

Bamanpukur Humayun Kabir Mahavidyalaya, established in 2007, is a general degree college in Bamanpukur, North 24 Parganas in the Indian state of West Bengal. It offers undergraduate courses in arts. It is affiliated to West Bengal State University.

## Departments
### Arts

* Bengali
* English
* Arabic
* Sanskrit
* History
* Geography
* Political Science
* Philosophy
* Sociology
* Education
* Defence Studies
* Human Development