OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Broad-tailed paradise whydah

The broad-tailed paradise whydah (Vidua obtusa) is a species of bird in the family Viduidae. It is found in woodland and acacia savanna habitat in Sub-Saharan Africa from Angola to Uganda, Tanzania and Mozambique. A brood parasite, it has a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as being of least concern.

## Taxonomy

Chapin described the broad-tailed paradise whydah as Steganura aucupum obtusa from Luchenza in 1922. Previously, Vidua obtusa, V. interjecta, V. orientalis, V. paradisaea and V. togoensis were considered to be in the same species, and these five species are sometimes placed in the genus Steganura. The broad-tailed paradise whydah is a monotypic species.

## Description

The breeding male is 31–36 cm (12–14 in) long, and the nonbreeding male and the female are 14–15 cm (5.5–5.9 in) long. Females have been measured to weigh approximately 19.5 g (0.69 oz). The breeding male has long tail feathers with rounded tips. It has a chestnut-orange patch on its nape. The nonbreeding male's underparts are buffy, and its upperparts are grey-brown, with streaks. There are black and white stripes on its head. The female is similar to the nonbreeding male. The immature bird resembles the female, but some of its feathers have buffy edges, and its patterns are less distinct.

## Distribution and habitat

This whydah is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, with an estimated distribution size of 5,060,000 km$^2$ (1,950,000 sq mi). Approximately half of the range overlaps with the range of the long-tailed paradise whydah. The broad-tailed paradise whydah's habitat is woodlands, including miombo and Baikiaea plurijuga woodland, and also acacia savannas.

## Behaviour and ecology

The broad-tailed paradise whydah is a brood parasite, its host being the orange-winged pytilia (Pytilia afra). The host species only weighs 14–15 g (0.49–0.53 oz) and is thus at a disadvantage. It mimics the host species's call. It feeds on the ground in small flocks, eating seeds. When the broad-tailed paradise whydah is not breeding, it may mix with the long-tailed paradise whydah. Breeding plumage has been observed from February to July in the southeastern Congo Basin. The eggs are white, weighing approximately 1.6 g (0.056 oz). Newborn chicks have loose greyish down, very similar to chicks of the orange-winged pytilia. The incubation period and nestling period are unknown. Irruptions can occur; in 1994, an "invasion" of thousands of whydahs was reported in Kasane, Botswana.

## Status

The species has a large range and a stable population trend, so the IUCN Red List has assessed the species as least concern.
# Brownqueen Tunnel

Brownqueen Tunnel, also called Brown Queen Tunnel, is a railway tunnel on the Cornish Main Line between Lostwithiel and Bodmin Parkway stations in Cornwall, England.

## Location

The tunnel is aligned approximately north-south and is on a left-hand curve and a falling gradient when travelling in the down direction. The tunnel itself is 264 feet (80 m) long although one source gives the length as 237 feet (72 m) and the up portal is 278 miles 16 chains from London according to the mileposts. Situated just above the River Fowey, Brownqueen Tunnel is in the same area as "Brownqueen Wood", a small forested area of about 6.08 hectares (15.0 acres).
South of the tunnel, trains pass Restormel Castle, one of the four chief Norman castles of Cornwall. To the north of the tunnel are the historic Glynn House and Bodmin Parkway station.

## Construction

The tunnel opened on 4 May 1859, when the Cornwall Railway opened between Plymouth and Truro, and is still in use today.
This is one of five tunnels on the Cornwall Railway, all of which are lined with masonry and topped by brickwork at the crown of the arch. This tunnel passes through 216 feet (66 m) of hard greenstone which the builders were able to drill and blast through using nine tons of powder (because dynamite had not yet been invented).

## Suicide of Silvanus Trevail

On 7 November 1903, the architect Silvanus Trevail committed suicide in the toilet of a train in the tunnel. Trevail caught the 11.40 up train from Truro, having purchased a third class ticket, a peculiar event as he typically travelled first class. At Par railway station he was witnessed leaving his seat and going to the toilet. As the train entered the Brownqueen tunnel, Trevail shot himself; when the train stopped at Bodmin Road, a porter was called, and Trevail’s body was found lying across the toilet.

## Etymology

The name "Brownqueen", which applies to both the tunnel and the forest around it, is a modern corruption of the old Cornish term "Brow Gwyn", meaning "white mound". It is also spelled "brownquin", and can be translated as "white hill".
# Brotman

Brotman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charlie Brotman (born 1928), American public relations specialist and public address announcer
* Jeffrey Brotman (1942–2017), American lawyer and businessman
* Stanley Brotman (1924–2014), American judge
# Brotia verbecki

Brotia verbecki is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in:
* Sumatra, Indonesia
# Thembekile Kimi Makwetu

Thembekile Kimi Makwetu (died 11 November 2020) was a South African Chartered accountant. He served as the Auditor-General of South Africa between 2013 and 2020.

## Education

Makwetu was born in Cape Town, South Africa on 7 January 1966. Matriculated in 1984 from St Johns College in Mthatha. In 1989, he graduated with a degree in Social Sciences from the University of Cape Town. After receiving a BCompt Honours degree from the University of Natal in 1997, he qualified as a chartered accountant.

## Career

He took a job with Standard Bank, and would go on to work at Nampak. He completed his articles of clerkship at Deloitte. He later went on to work for Metropolitan Life in Western Cape and for Liberty Life in Gauteng, before becoming a director in Deloitte's forensic unit. In 2007, he joined the Auditor-General's office as Deputy Auditor-General under Terence Nombembe.

### Auditor-General

On 1 December 2013, South African President Jacob Zuma appointed Makwetu Auditor-General of South Africa for a seven-year term. In February 2014 Makwetu drew attention to what he described as "wasteful and irregular" government spending. A later report from Makwetu in November 2015 said there had been a "slight improvement".

## Death

Makwetu died from lung cancer on 11 November 2020. His term as Auditor-General was set to expire on 30 November. He will be replaced by his deputy, Tsakani Maluleke.
# Michelle Jerott

Michelle Jerott (January 17, 1961 – July 5, 2021) was an American writer of romance novels. She wrote under both her real name and her pen name, Michele Albert. She won a Golden Heart Award, was nominated by Romantic Times for "Best Mainstream Novel" twice, and appeared on the Waldenbook's National Bestseller List. She was a member of the Authors Guild and Novelists, Inc.

## Biography
### Personal life

Michelle Jerott obtained a degree in classical archaeology from the University of Michigan. Before writing, she worked as archaeologist. She became a mother and went to work in a research lab, which allowed her time to write.
Michelle lived with her husband in a small town outside Madison, Wisconsin.

### Writing career

Her first book, Absolute Trouble, won the Romance Writers of America's 1997 Golden Heart Award for best unpublished contemporary romance. She published her first four books under her name, Michelle Jerott, and later she decided to use the pen name Michele Albert to create a series, "Avalon Investigations", that also was related to her debut book. Her Bodyguard and Getting Her Man were both nominated for Best Mainstream Novel by Romantic Times. Off Limits appeared on the Waldenbook's National Bestseller List.

## Awards

* Absolute Trouble, her first book, won the Romance Writers of America's 1997 Golden Heart Award for best unpublished contemporary romance
* Her Bodyguard was nominated for Best Mainstream Novel by Romantic Times
* Getting Her Man was nominated for Best Mainstream Novel by Romantic Times
* Off Limits appeared on the Waldenbook's National Bestseller List
# Minskip

Minskip is a village in the civil parish of Boroughbridge, in North Yorkshire, England. It is on the A6055 road and 1 mile south-west of Boroughbridge. Minskip appears in the Domesday Book as Minescip, a name derived from the Old English gemaenscipe meaning a community or communal holding.

## Administration

Minskip was historically a township in the parish of Aldborough in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It became a separate civil parish in 1866, but on 1 April 1938 the civil parish was abolished and merged into the civil parish of Boroughbridge. In 1931 the parish had a population of 238. In 1974 Minskip was transferred from the West Riding to the new county of North Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was in the Harrogate district.

## Transport

Bus links are provided by Eddie Brown. The village is very close to the A1(M).
# Nirajul Mic River

Nirajul Mic River may refer to:
* Nirajul Mic (Câmpu Cetății), one of the headwaters of the river Niraj, near Câmpu Cetății
* Nirajul Mic (Miercurea Nirajului), a tributary of the river Niraj, near Miercurea Nirajului
# African Organization for Standardization

African Organization for Standardization is an Intergovernmental organization of 43 countries of Africa. It also led the continental program Eco Mark Africa.

## History

It was formed by United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and Organisation of African Unity in August 17, 1977 at Accra, Ghana with 21 African governments.

## Purpose

The purpose of the organization is to facilitate trade between Countries of Africa with the Countries of the world and to maintain a framework for production of cocoa beans.

## Member Countries

The 42 members of African Organization for Standardization are:
* Algeria
* Botswana
* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Cameroon
* Côte d'Ivoire
* Republic of the Congo
* Chad
* Democratic Republic of Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Ethiopia
* Eswatini
* Gabon
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea Bissau
* Kenya
* Liberia
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Namibia
* Libya
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Sudan
* South Sudan
* South Africa
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* Zanzibar.

## Leadership

The President
Prof. Alexander Nii Oto Dodoo, FPSGH, FPCPHARM, MRPHARMS Director General, Ghana Standards Authority (GSA)
June 2022 to date
The Vice President
Mr Botsile Kebapetse Mr Botsile Kebapetse Managing Director, Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS)
April 2020 to date
Immediate Former ARSO Presidents
Mr. Booto a Ngon Charles Director General, Standards and Quality Agency (ANOR)
June 2019 to June 2022
Dr. Eve Gadzikwa Director General, Standards Association of Zimbabwe
June 2016 to June 2019
Immediate Former ARSO Vice Presidents
Masego Marobela Managing Director, Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS)
June 2019 to March 2020
Former ARSO Vice President Picture Name Country Year Mr. Nébil BEN BECHIR Mr. Nébil Ben Bechir Tunisia June 2016 to June 2019 Former ARSO Presidents Picture Name Country Year Dr.-J-Ikemefuna-Odumodu ARSO President Dr. Joseph Ikemefuna Odumodu Nigeria 2012 to 2016 Dr.-Kioko-Mangeli Dr. Eng. Kioko Mang’eli Kenya 2009-2012 Mr.-Masai-Girma-EthiopiaPRESIDENT-ARSO-2004-2007 Mr. Masai Girma Ethiopia 2004-2007 Mr.-Austine-S.-Khulumula-Malawi-PRESIDENT-ARSO2001-2003 Mr. Austine S. Khulumala Malawi 2001-2003 ENG.PHILIP-O.-OKUNDI-KENYA-1998-2001 Eng. Phillip O. Okundi Kenya 1998-2000 Mr-Shyam-K.-Gujadhur-Mauritius-PRESIDENT-ARSO-1995-1997 Mr. Shyam K. Gujadhur Mauritius 1995-1997 DR.-EMMANUEL-K.-MARFO-GHANAPresident-1992-1994 Dr. Emmanuel K. Marfo Ghana 1992-1994 M.-Abdoulaye-Toure-Cote-d-voire-PRESIDENT-ARSO-1989-1991 Mr. Abdoulaye Toure Cote d’ Ivoire 1989-1991 Prof.-Dr.-Mohamed-Hilal-Egypt-PRESIDENT-ARSO-1986-1988 Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hilal Egypt 1986-1988 Mr.-Cheikh-Kane-Senegal-ARSO-PRESIDENT-1983-1985 Mr. Cheiku Kane Senegal 1983-1985 DR.-FLETCHER-M.-BANDA-MALAWIPresident-arso-1980-1982 Dr. Fletcher M. Banda Malawi 1980-1982 Dr.-Ademola-BanjoNIGERIAPRESIDENT-ARSO-1977-1979 Dr. Ademola Banjo Nigeria 1977-1979
# Radio Salve Regina

Radio Salve Regina is a Corsican Christian radio station created in 1993. Its aim is to promote the religious, social, rural and cultural development of the Corsican people. Founded on the initiative of the Capuchin friars of the Saint Antoine convent in Bastia, it is part of the French-speaking community of Christian radio stations.

## Frequencies

* Bastia : 97.9
* Calvi : 93.6
* Cannes : DAB+
* Corte : 100.4
* Ghisonaccia : 101.1
* La Porta : 94.6
* Monaco : DAB+
* Morosaglia : 97.8
* Nice : DAB+

## Sources

* Salve Regina, la voix de Saint-Antoine depuis 25 ans - Corse Matin
* Bastia : 25 bougies pour Salve Regina - Corse Net Infos
* Salve Regina - Diocèse d'Ajaccio
* Salve Regina - FRASE
* Radio Salve Regina fête ses 30 ans - Corse Net Infos
* Salve Regina, la première radio chrétienne de Corse, reste fidèle au poste trente ans après - Corse Matin
* La radio Salve Regina, d'inspiration chrétienne, fête ses 30 ans - La Lettre Pro
# Buzi

Buzi (Hebrew: בּוּזִי, Būzī) was the father of Ezekiel and priest of Jerusalem (Ezekiel 1:3). Ezekiel, like Jeremiah, is said to have been a descendant of Joshua by his marriage with the proselyte Rahab (Talmud Meg. 14b; Midrash Sifre, Num. 78).
The name Buzi comes from the Hebrew word Buz (בּוּז), meaning "despise." Buz is also a name of the second son of Nahor, therefore making the name "Buzi" potentially mean a "son of Buz" (denoting Buzi most likely being a descendant of Buz son of Nahor or inhabitants of his land). Because the etymological connection to the word "despise," some traditions argue that Buzi is the same figure as the prophet Jeremiah, who was also called "Buzi" because he was despised—"buz"—by his compatriots in Judah (Targ. Yer., quoted by Ḳimḥi on Ezek. 1:3).
# Minuscule 217

Minuscule 217 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 233 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 299 parchment leaves (size 20.5 cm by 15.5 cm), with a commentary. The text is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 236 sections, the last in 16:12), whose numbers are given at the margin, but references to the Eusebian Canons are absent. There is no a division according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), but it has their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian tables, prolegomena of Cosmas, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel. The manuscript has survived in good condition.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it belongs to the textual cluster 16. It creates pair with 578 in Luke 1 and Luke 10. Textually it is close to the manuscripts 16, 119, 330, 491, 578, 693, 1528, and 1588. They create Group 16 with following profile:
    Luke 1: 8, (9), 13, 23, 28, 34, 37, 43.
    Luke 10: 3, 7, 15, 19, 23, (25), 58, 63.
    Luke 20: 4, 13, 19, 50, 51, 54, 55, 62, 65. Codex 217 forms a pair with codex 578 in Luke 1 and 10. They lack readings 13 and 23 and add 48 in Luke 1, and lacks 20 in Luke 20.

## History

The manuscript was given in 1478 by Peter de Montagnana to the monastery of St. John, in Viridario, at Padua. It was examined by Friedrich Münter (for Birch) and Burgon. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Biblioteca Marciana (Gr. I,3 (944)), at Venice.
# Mir Ghulam Ali

Mir Ghulam Ali Khan was an official and Vakil of Tipu Sultan who was made custodian of Tipu's sons to be handed over to Britishers as ransome for 3 years till the financial terms were fulfilled.
Mir Ghulam Ali khan was the Home Minister of Tippu Sultan. He is said to have led a delegation to Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire, and had also visited France.
After the fall of Tippu Sultan in 1799, Ghulam Ali was arguably pensioned off by the British. According to John Thomas, Mir Ghulam Ali khan was a senior army commander ( Ameer ul Behar) of Mysore, who lived between 1758-1863. He died in 1863 at the age of 105 at sanatorium. His body was buried in Shahi Masjid Krishnagiri District, State of Tamil Nadu.
Ghulam Ali Khan was a seasoned diplomat who was the leader of the Mysorean embassy to Turkey and from there on to France and England in 1785 – 1786. He was lame on account of sciatica and a letter from Tipu exists where he sends some oil to apply onto Noor Khan’s legs. Even in today’s Mysore, Ghulam Ali Khan is called ‘power of tippu’ or ‘The lame Ghulam Ali Khan’.
# Mir Haji Muhammad Hayat Khan Talpur

Mir Haji Muhammad Hayat Khan Talpur (13 April 1937 – 7 September 2020) was a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

He was born on 13 April 1937 in Digri.
He had a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of Sindh.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party from Constituency PS-66 MIRPUR KHAS-III in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Miriam Escofet

Miriam Escofet (/ˈɛskəˌfɛt/ ES-kə-fet; born 1967) is a Spanish portrait painter who lives and works in London.

## Early life and education

Miriam Escofet was born in 1967 in Barcelona, the daughter of Josep Escofet, and moved to the United Kingdom in 1979. She studied at Epsom School of Art and graduated in 3D Design from Brighton School of Art in 1991 and has been working as an artist ever since. Escofet is fluent in three languages – Spanish, Catalan, and English.

## Career

Since 2011 she has taught art and portrait painting at Central Saint Martin's School of Art and Design in London and, since 2010, at Heatherleys School of Fine Art. Her work is dedicated to her influences on the architecture of the classical, Gothic and Renaissance periods. She has become very known for her style of painting. She has exhibited widely in Europe. Her work has been selected for the BP Portrait Award exhibitions in 2009, 2010 and 2012 and for the Royal Society of Portrait Painters annual exhibition.
Her artworks have featured in galleries such as Christopher Wood Gallery, Mallet of Bond Street, Rafael Vals, Duke Street, and the Albemarle Gallery. She has numerous of solo exhibitions as well. She is an associate member at the Royal Society of Portrait Painters. Escofet's artwork become the cover of books, magazines, and flyers. Her artwork Order of Caryatids became the cover of Clavis Journal Volume 3 book. She has published two books with her father, Josep Escofet.
Escofet has done four solo exhibitions. Her first solo was in 2001 at the Albemarle Gallery in London. The others were in 2005 and 2007 at the Galerie Michelle Boulet in Paris, and in 2008, again at the Albemarle Gallery. She has had two exhibitions with her father, Josep Escofet, in 2010 and in 2011 at Villa Beretelli, Italy. Her artwork is commonly found in the Albemarle Gallery. Her debut was in 1999 at the Annual Still Life and Trompe Show. In 2000, she was part of the millennium art show. In 2006, she was in the tenth anniversary show. In 2010, she was in the Art of Charity show. In 2011, her work was featured for the summer collective. As part of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters, her artwork featured in the annual exhibition. She has been featured in four of the annual exhibitions.
She was commissioned by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to paint a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, which was unveiled in 2020.

## Awards

* BP Portrait Award 2018
* BP Portrait Award 2012, NPG Publications
* BP Portrait Award 2010, NPG Publications
* BP Portrait Award 2009, NPG Publications
* BP Portrait Award 2007, NPG Publications
# Misattribution

Misattribution may refer to:
* Misattribution of arousal
* Misattribution of memory
* The misattribution theory of humor derived from work by Sigmund Freud
* False attribution, a deliberate or accidental association of authorship with the wrong person
# Misattribution theory of humor

Misattribution is one of many theories of humor that describes an audience's inability to identify exactly why they find a joke to be funny. The formal theory is attributed to Zillmann & Bryant (1980) in their article, "Misattribution Theory of Tendentious Humor", published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. They derived the critical concepts of the theory from Sigmund Freud's Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious, originally published in 1905. Freud declared people incapable of knowing exactly what it is they find amusing due to the complex nature of their conscious and subconscious minds. Jokes are crafted by comedians who have experience with causing laughter but who may themselves be blind to the actual cause of humor.

## Tendentious vs. innocuous humor

Freud made a key distinction between tendentious and non-tendentious humor. Tendentious humor involves a "victim", someone at whose expense we laugh. Non-tendentious humor does not require a victim. This innocuous humor typically depends on wordplay, and Freud believed it has only modest power to evoke amusement. Tendentious humor, then, is the only kind that can evoke big laughs. However, Freud believed a mixture of both tendentious and non-tendentious humor is required to keep the tendentious humor from becoming too offensive or demeaning to its victim. The innocent jokework of the innocuous humor would mask the otherwise hostile joke and therefore "bribe" our senses, allowing us to laugh at what would otherwise be socially unacceptable. Therefore, we often think we are laughing at innocuous jokes, but what really makes them funny is their socially unacceptable nature hidden below the surface.

## Empirical study

To further examine Freud's concepts, media scholars Dolf Zillmann and Jennings Bryant set up an experimental situation to combine or separate tendentious and non-tendentious humor. Their findings confirmed the expectations that amusement was highest when all of the ingredients of good comedy were present. In conjunction with disposition theory of mirth (Zillmann & Cantor, 1976), audiences predictably enjoyed witnessing the demise of a disliked character. However, the mere presence of the innocuous humor cue more than doubled the amusement in response to the observed misfortune. The applications to humor in film, television, and other media are quite apparent. However, very little research has been conducted to follow up Zillmann & Bryant's original experiment.

## Example in today's comedy

Sitcom and comedy films are filled with humor based on misattribution. For example, characters in a working-class family may banter back and forth about paying bills or finding a more respected or higher-paying job. The delivery of dialog may come across as funny for an audience who believes the humor comes from the antagonistic relationship between the two characters. But the real hostile nature of the joke involves class and economic issues that are otherwise not funny.
Similar analysis can be applied to issues involving racial discrimination, sexual deviance, drug abuse, and other controversial issues.