OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Acorn Dobson

Stanley Dobson (21 December 1905 – 2 November 2004) was a motorcycle speedway rider who rode in the early days of speedway in the United Kingdom. He was considered a pioneer because he appeared in dirt track racing during 1928, one year before the speedway leagues were even formed. He rode under the nickname Acorn Dobson, which was also his family nickname.

## Career

Dobson was born in late 1905 and raised in the Gorton area of Manchester. By 1928, he had become involved in the new sport of dirt track oval speedway and gained a reputation as a daring rider. During the latter part of 1928 he suffered a serious hand injury after catching his fingers in a chain.
During the inaugural season of league speedway in the United Kingdom (the 1929 Speedway English Dirt Track League) Dobson continued to race in exhibition races and challenges. He was a star name at the relatively new Belle Vue Stadium but chose not to race for the Belle Vue team in the league. The team withdrew from the first league season.
He picked up a series of injuries during 1930 and 1931 which led to the announcement that he was retiring. However, in 1932, he made a comeback and raced at several meetings over the next two seasons. In 1934, he helped the Belle Vue Aces in the reserve position of the team following an injury crisis, which led to him being retained by the team for the 1935 Speedway National League and 1936 Speedway National League seasons. The team dominated British speedway winning the treble of league, National trophy and AC Cup for the second and third consecutive years.
He continued to ride for Belle Vue until the outbreak of World War II, although the last two years were with the reserve side. He worked in a garage as a mechanic and his mechanical background resulted in him working as an aircraft fitter during the war.
He is believed to have emigrated to Australia in August 1949 and to have died in 2004.

## Players cigarette cards

Dobson is listed as number 13 of 50 in the 1930s Player's cigarette card collection.
# Theory of Deadly Initials

The Theory of Deadly Initials was an hypothesis published in the Journal of Psychosomatic Research in 1999, which proposed that there is a link between the lifespan of human males and their initials. The research, carried out by psychologists Nicholas Christenfeld, David Phillips and Laura Glynn, and published in the paper "What's in a Name: Mortality and the Power of Symbols", suggested that men with "negative" sets of initials (e.g. DIE or PIG) have, on average, a shorter lifespan than those with "positive" initials (e.g. ACE, VIP).
The average increase in life expectancy for a set of positive initials was claimed to be 4.48 years, while the average decrease in life expectancy for negative initials was claimed as 2.8 years. This is attributed to stress from teasing and lower self-worth in individuals with "deadly" initials.
In 2005, the hypothesis was investigated by Gary Smith, an economics professor at Pomona College in Claremont, California, and Stilian Morrison, a student there. They were unable to find any pattern in the samples they studied.
The original research was conducted by comparing the age of people who died within a given year, while the second investigation compared the lifespans of people who were born in a given year.
# Burtle

Burtle is a village and civil parish on the Somerset Levels in Somerset, England.

## History

Burtle Priory (also known as Burtle Moor Priory) originated as a hermitage on a site called Sprauellissmede, endowed by William son of Godfrey of Eddington in 1199. It was later known as St Stephens chapel and by 1312 a house of the Augustinian Canons Regular.
It is close to the village of Edington and between them was Edington Burtle station on a branch of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, which opened in 1890 and closed on 7 March 1966.

## Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.
For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the village comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council. Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Sedgemoor, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Bridgwater Rural District.
It is also part of the Wells and Mendip Hills constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

## Educational and religious sites

The Anglican Church of St Philip and St James was built in 1838–1839 by Richard Carver, the County Architect and Surveyor.
Burtle was home to the lower school of Shapwick School, known as Shapwick Prep. The special school for children with dyslexia was established in 1974 by Colin Atkinson, a former cricketer for Somerset County Cricket Club and head of Millfield. Originally called the Chalice School, it was expanded and renamed to Edington Senior School in 1981, before merging with Shapwick Senior School. Shapwick School closed in 2020.
# Pär

Pär is a given name, a Scandinavian form of Peter. Notable people with the name include:
* Pär Arlbrandt (born 1982), Swedish former professional ice hockey forward
* Pär Arvidsson (born 1960), former butterfly swimmer from Sweden
* Pär Asp (born 1982), retired Swedish footballer
* Pär Bäcker (born 1982), Swedish professional ice hockey player
* Pär Aron Borg (1776–1839), Swedish pedagogue and a pioneer in the education for the blind and deaf
* Pär Boström
* Pär Cederqvist (born 1980), Swedish footballer
* Pär Djoos (born 1968), former ice hockey defenceman
* Pär Edblom (born 1985), Swedish former ice hockey player
* Pär Edlund (born 1967), retired Swedish ice hockey player
* Pär Edwardson (born 1963), Swedish musician, songwriter and producer
* Pär Ericsson (born 1988), Swedish footballer
* Pär Gerell (born 1982), Swedish table tennis player
* Pär Granstedt (born 1945), Swedish politician
* Pär Götrek
* Pär Hallström (born 1947), Swedish legal writer and professor emeritus of Law
* Pär Hansson (born 1986), Swedish football goalkeeper
* Pär Hurtig (born 1957), Swedish rower
* Pär Hållberg
* Pär Jilsén (born 1960), Swedish former handball player
* Pär Johansson (born 1970), Swedish screenwriter, lecturer, theatre producer and theatre director
* Pär-Gunnar Jönsson (born 1963), retired badminton player from Sweden
* Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974), Swedish author who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1951
* Pär Lernström (born 1980), Swedish television presenter
* Pär Lindgren (born 1952), Swedish composer and composition teacher
* Pär Lindh, founding member of the Swedish symphonic rock group Pär Lindh Project
* Pär Lindholm (born 1991), Swedish professional ice hockey centre
* Pär Lindström (born 1970), Swedish freestyle swimmer
* Pär Lindén (born 1966), Swedish sprint canoer
* Pär Lund (born 1972), Swedish pianist and composer
* Pär Mikaelsson (born 1970), retired ice hockey player
* Pär Millqvist
* Pär Mårts (born 1953), retired Swedish ice hockey player, retired coach of Swedish National team
* Pär Öberg
* Pär Rådström (1925–1963), Swedish writer and journalist
* Pär Axel Sahlberg (born 1954), Swedish politician
* Pär Olof Sandå (born 1965), Swedish entrepreneur, developer and stock trader
* Pär Stenbäck (born 1941), Finnish politician and debater
* Pär Styf (born 1979), retired ice hockey defenceman
* Pär Sundström (born 1981), Swedish bassist of power metal band Sabaton
* Pär Wiksten
* Pär Zetterberg (born 1970), Swedish former football midfielder
# Bothrops diporus

Bothrops diporus, also known in Portuguese as Bocuda, Cabeça-de-Capanga, Jararaca-do-Chaco, Jararaca-do-Rabo-Branco, Jararaca-Pintada, Jararaca-Pintada-Argentina and Jararaca-Pintada-do-Sul, is a species of viper from the forests of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. As with all vipers, it is venomous.

## Description

Bothrops diporus is identifiable by its dark pattern, which consists mainly of fused dark triangular markings on a lighter base colour, similar to that of B. ayerbei with the two rounded dark blotches at the base of each triangle.
Bothrops diporus have been sighted at a length of around 70–80 cm (28–31 in).

## Diet

Bothrops diporus has been sighted partaking in ophiophagy of Chironius maculoventris and Epictia albipuncta, however it is known for its largely mammalian diet, including rodents, frogs and lizards.

### Venom

Bothrops diporus is one of the main causes of snakebite in Argentina: between 1960 and 1975, according to Esteso (1985), 80% of the approximately 500 cases reported each year were attributed to this species.

## Habitat

Bothrops diporus has been found in the Vermejo River region, on the boundary of Paraguay and Argentina.

## Reproduction

Bothrops diporus reproduces sexually and is ovoviviparous.
# Ben Shaw (Labour activist)

Benjamin Howard Shaw (27 July 1865 – 27 October 1942) was a British labour movement activist.
Shaw was born in Longwood, Huddersfield, and his father owned the nearby Spring Gardens Mill, where cotton was spun. Shaw left school at the age of fourteen to work for his father's business. However, Shaw wished to further his education, and four years later was permitted to attend Huddersfield Technical College, where he became interested in the writings of John Ruskin. He returned to the mill a year later, his interest in Ruskin leading him to read William Morris' writings and become a socialist. In 1892, he joined the Colne Valley Labour Union, and subsequently became an early member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). In 1893, he was a founder of a Labour Church in his village, and he became its secretary.
Shaw's socialist activism brought him into conflict with his father. As a result, he readily accepted an offer from Keir Hardie to move to Glasgow early in 1894 and work on the Labour Leader, the ILP's newspaper. While Shaw occasionally wrote for the paper, he principally took a managerial role. He also launched the short-lived Glasgow Commonweal newspaper in 1896, and through the newspaper he met and married Joanna Bruce in 1900.
Now married, Shaw remained in Glasgow when the printing of the Labour Leader was moved elsewhere, and he instead found work with the Civic Press. He remained active in the ILP, serving as secretary of its Glasgow branch from 1903 to 1906, and standing unsuccessfully for the Townhead ward in 1905. In his spare time he was active in the temperance movement, and also in the Shop Assistants' Union, representing it on occasion to the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC). In 1909, he was vice-chair of the STUC, and soon afterwards he became head of the insurance department of the Scottish Horse and Motormen's Union.
In 1911, the Labour Party decided for the first time to form a single branch for the whole of Glasgow, and Shaw became its secretary. However, the merger provoked numerous conflicts between different socialist groups, and Shaw stood down in 1914, to become secretary of the party's new Scottish Advisory Council. Joanna died in 1916, and Shaw then met Clarice McNab, the two marrying in 1918.
As secretary of the Scottish Council, Shaw initially focused on supporting the broader labour movement through World War I, while probably being personally opposed to the conflict. He strongly supported John Maclean when he was gaoled for his part in the events of Red Clydeside, but he subsequently became a firm opponent of the Communist Party of Great Britain, notably by manoeuvering to ensure that the communist Walton Newbold was not re-selected as the Labour candidate in Motherwell.
In 1932, Shaw retired from active politics, and he resigned from the ILP later in the year, when it disaffiliated from the Labour Party. He spent his retirement supporting McNab's political career, until he died suddenly in 1942.
# Corona di Redorta

The Corona di Redorta is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, located between Lavizzara and Sonogno in the canton of Ticino. Culminating at a height of 2,804 metres above sea level, the Corona di Redorta is the second highest summit of the Valle Verzasca, after Pizzo Barone.
# Mário Cardoso

Mário Manuel Cardoso de Araújo (born 24 January 1950 in Lisbon) is a Portuguese actor who specializes in films and telenovelas as well in Brazilian Portuguese-language dubbing.
Early in his career he also worked as a model. The first major television appearance was as Robin Hood in O Trapalhão da Floresta (1974). He won international fame in the supporting role of Henrique Fontoura in the telenovela Escrava Isaura (1976). From the late 80s, he regularly took time out from television and worked in his original profession as a psychologist.

## Selected filmography

TV :
| Year | Title |
| 1976 | Escrava Isaura |
| 2005 | Alma Gêmea |
| 2005 | América |
| 2007 | Sete Pecados |
| 2008 | Caminhos do Coração |
# Richebourg, Yvelines

Richebourg (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
# Theater Neu-Ulm

Theater Neu-Ulm is a theatre in Neu-Ulm, Bavaria, Germany.
48°23′38″N 9°59′44″E﻿ / ﻿48.39389°N 9.99556°E﻿ / 48.39389; 9.99556
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# Ribarska Banja

Ribarska Banja (Serbian Cyrillic: Рибарска Бања) is a village and spa located in the municipality of Kruševac, Serbia. As of the 2011 census, it has a population of 189 inhabitants.
# Grünhornlücke

The Grünhornlücke (el. 3270 m.) is a high mountain pass in the eastern Bernese Alps, connecting the Aletsch Glacier and the Fiescher Glacier in the canton of Valais. The pass is located between the Grünhorn on the north and the Fiescher Gabelhorn on the south.
On the west side of the pass (Aletsch Glacier) is the Konkordiaplatz. The Grünhornlücke is approximately halfway between the Konkordia Hut and the Finsteraarhorn Hut.
# MPAS

The acronym MPAS may refer to:
* Magazine Publisher's Association of Singapore
* Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
* Master of Physician Assistant Studies
* Ministry of Public Administration and Security (South Korea)
* Model for Prediction Across Scales, a coupled Earth system model consisting of atmospheric, oceanographic, cryospheric, and land surface components
* Mornington Peninsula Astronomical Society
* Methenamine Periodic Acid Schiff Stain, or Jones' stain
# Debra M. Ginsberg

Debra M. Ginsberg (born June 15, 1962) is a British-born American author.

## Adult life and works

Debra Ginsberg was born in London. She attended Reed College, receiving a B.A. in English. She gave birth to her son, Blaze Ginsberg, in 1987. He is also a writer.
Ginsberg spent twenty years working as a waitress, which were the basis of her first book, the memoir Waiting: The True Confessions of a Waitress (2000). The book chronicled her evolution as a writer, and gave a behind-the-scenes look at working in restaurants. She went on to write two more memoirs, published in 2002 and 2004, both relating to her family life.
She has also written multiple novels, which have received various minor accolades such as the now-defunct SCIBA T. Jefferson Parker Mystery Award. Additionally, Ginsberg works in the publishing industry as a book editor and reviewer for various literary agencies and publications.
# David Holt (cricketer)

David Robert Holt (born 29 December 1981) is an English cricketer who has also represented the France national cricket team.

## Career

David Holt's cricket career began in 1999 when he began to play for the Middlesex second XI. The same year, he represented England Under-19s at the Under-19 European Championship in Belfast, though the next year, he was playing for France at the senior European Championship, qualifying for them due to his French mother. He played just one match in the tournament, against Greece.
He did not play for France again after that year, continuing to play for the Middlesex second XI alongside various other teams before making his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Nottinghamshire in 2005. He played a further first-class match for the university side against Hampshire the following season.
# Cors Goch National Nature Reserve

Cors Goch National Nature Reserve may refer to:
* Cors Goch National Nature Reserve (Anglesey)
* Cors Goch National Nature Reserve (Llanllwch)
# Conach O'Shiel

Conach O'Shiel (also recorded as Conat O'Siaghal) was an Irish bishop in the sixteenth century: he was appointed by Henry VIII in 1544 and died 1551.
# Richebourg (wine)

Richebourg is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for red wine in the Côte de Nuits subregion of Burgundy, with Pinot noir as the main grape variety. It is situated within the commune of Vosne-Romanée, and borders La Romanée and Romanée-Conti in the south, Romanée-Saint-Vivant in the east and Vosne-Romanée Premier Cru vineyards in the north and west. The AOC was created in 1936.

## Production

In 2008, 7.40 hectares (18.3 acres) of vineyard surface was in production within the AOC, and 198 hectoliter of wine was produced, corresponding to a little over 26,000 bottles. This wine is mentioned in the film Sideways.

## Characteristics

"Richebourg has more opulence than finesse ... Richebourg is the more massive and Le Romanée-Conti finer"

## AOC regulations

The main grape variety for Richebourg is Pinot noir. The AOC regulations also allow up to 15 per cent total of Chardonnay, Pinot blanc and Pinot gris as accessory grapes, but this is practically never used for any Burgundy Grand Cru vineyard. The allowed base yield is 35 hectoliter per hectare, a minimum planting density of 9,000 vines per hectare and a minimum grape maturity of 11.5 per cent potential alcohol is required.

## Producers

There are several different vineyard owners in Richebourg, Domaine de la Romanée-Conti with 3.51 hectares (8.7 acres) being the most famous.
# Proleptolepis

Proleptolepis is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leptolepidae.
# Burlington SC

Burlington SC may refer to:
* Burlington SC (League1 Ontario), a Canadian semi-professional soccer team
* Burlington SC (Canadian Soccer League), a former Canadian semi-professional soccer team currently known as Halton United
# Punk Rock

Punk Rock may refer to:
* Punk rock, a music genre
* Punk Rock (play), by Simon Stephens, 2009
* Punk Rock (album), by the Mekons, 2004
# ML-7 mine

The ML-7 (From Russian: МЛ-7 – Мина Ловушка-7, Translation: Trap Mine-7) is a Soviet booby trap mine that serves the purpose of an anti-handling device for explosive charges or other anti-personnel mines. The ML-7 is generally used with PMN-1, PMN-2 and PMN-4 mines, but can also be used with any other item over 0.3 kg in weight.

## Description

The ML-7 presents itself as a plastic rectangular box, with two protruding sections containing the main charge on the side faces. For safer transportation, the mine has a safety pin fixed to the body of the mine with a split ring, as well as a rod holding the sensor lid, which can be removed by pulling on the red nylon ribbon. Time taken for the transfer of the mine from its transport mode to its combat mode is 45–1200 seconds, which allows for both safer installation & transportation. Further redundancies for prevention of accidental detonation include the safety-detonation device - SDD (responsible for the fuze-detonator-explosive chain, and to prevent accidental explosion during transportation) and the actuating mechanism, which is responsible for the activation of the SDD when the payload is displaced.
The mine is generally only used with the PMN series mines, as it does not have enough explosive power to set off other mines, specifically, the § OZM-72 mine. Usually, upon the installation of the ML-7 mine, it has an additional 0.4 kg of explosives next to it, to guarantee the explosion of the booby-trapped mine.
However, the mine can also be installed under other objects, such as flask of water. It is prohibited to mine any object that is under 0.3 kg in weight.

## Action

After the removal of the safety pin and expiration of the time required to arm the mine, the mine transfers into combat mode. Upon the removal of the object installed on top of the mine, a spring-loaded rod affects a lever, which moves up the frame of the mine, and lifts the lid. As soon as the lid is moved 6–8 mm up, another spring-loaded rod displaces the detonator. As the detonator is displaced, a striker filament heats up the casing of the detonator, which causes the detonator to blow up, along with the mine's charge. The detonation of the ML-7 causes the detonation of item on top of it, or maims the person that attempted the dislocation of the booby trapped item.

### Destruction

Items that are booby trapped with the ML-7 cannot be removed or defused safely, and must be destroyed by large caliber fire.

## Specifications

* Weight
** Mine: 0.1 kg
** Charge: 0.04 kg
* Dimensions: 72x69x30 mm
* Activation pressure: 0.3 kgf (2.9 N)
* Shelf life: 10 years
* Temperature range of use: -40 to +50 °С
# Α-Hexachlorocyclohexane

α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) is an organochloride which is one of the isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). It is a byproduct of the production of the insecticide lindane (γ-HCH) and it is typically still contained in commercial grade lindane used as insecticide. Lindane, however, has not been produced or used in the United States for more than 20 years. At ambient temperatures it is a stable, white, powdery solid substance. As of 2009, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants classified (α-HCH) and (β-HCH) as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), due to the chemical's ability to persistence in the environment, bioaccumulative, biomagnifying, and long-range transport capacity.
# Cors Goch National Nature Reserve (Llanllwch)

Cors Goch National Nature Reserve, a couple of miles west of Carmarthen and near the hamlet of Llanllwch, is one of the few raised bogs in West Wales. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
Formed through the accumulation of the remains of plants, and later on peat, it reaches a depth of 5 metres in some places. Its various types of wet and dry habitats are home to a wealth of wildlife, from insect-eating intermediate sundews, to buzzards and kestrels.
# Myladumparai block

Myladumparai block is a revenue block in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 18 panchayat villages.
# Unionicolidae

Unionicolidae is a family of prostigs in the order Trombidiformes. There are about 5 genera and at least 40 described species in Unionicolidae.

## Genera

* Huitfeldtia Thor, 1898
* Koenikea Wolcott, 1900
* Najadicola Piersig, 1897
* Neumania Lebert, 1879
* Unionicola Haldeman, 1842
# Proleptic

Proleptic may refer to:
* Prolepsis, several meanings related to foreshadowing
* Proleptic calendar, a calendar that is applied to dates before its introduction
* Proleptic syllogism, a class of syllogism in logic