OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manik Chandra Saha

Manik Chandra Saha (1956 – 15 January 2004) was a Bangladeshi journalist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak, second highest civilian award of Bangladesh, in 2009 by the Government of Bangladesh.

## Early life

Saha was born in 1956 in Narail District, East Pakistan, Pakistan.

## Career

Saha became a journalist in 1984. He joined the BBC Bangla service as a stringer in 1994. In 2000, he was the Khulna Division correspondent of Ekushey Television.
Saha was the Khulna correspondent of the Daily New Age and a stringer of BBC Bangla. He was a staff correspondent of the Daily Sangbad. He is a former president of Khulna Press Club. He was a member of the Khulna District Bar Association. He was the vice-chairman of the Khulna South Herald School. He was the president of Khulna unit of Amnesty International.

## Death and legacy

Saha had fears about his safety and had sought safety from Bazlur Rahman, editor of Sangbad. Saha attended a program of the Khulna City unit of Awami League after which he headed to the Khulna Press Club. Saha was killed in an explosion after a bomb was thrown at him in front of Khulna Press Club in Khulna. Prime Minister Khaleda Zia expressed her condolences. Former Prime Minister and leader of the opposition, Sheikh Hasina, condemned his assassination. His colleague, Humayun Kabir Balu, who was protesting his death was assassinated three days later by the Purbo Banglar Communist Party. He was awarded the Ekushey Padak in 2009.
On 1 December 2016, nine individuals were sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Saha. Of the 14 accused in the murder case, two were acquitted and three were killed in shootouts with law enforcement agencies. The family expressed dissatisfaction with the verdict as they had hoped for the death penalty and were unhappy about the financiers of the attack not being identified in court.
# Camp Biscayne

Camp Biscayne was a winter resort founded in 1903 by Ralph Middleton Munroe to provide "a stopping place in Coconut Grove, Florida", as the Peacock Inn had closed in 1902. Situated a few lots south of the Barnacle (now the Barnacle Historic State Park), Camp Biscayne primarily catered to those interested in sailing, fishing, and the simple life. By 1925, when the resort closed, it consisted of several cottages and a main lodge with a dining room that could seat 100 people. At Camp Biscayne, Munroe made efforts to preserve as much of the hammock (tropical forest) as possible, believing it had "worked out its life's problems and established itself as the legitimate occupant of the land." Drawing inspiration from the trees in the hammock, Munroe named each of the 11 cottages after a native tree or an ornamental one. Each tree was tagged, and a list of the trees was made available to guests.
# Manikeswari

Manikeswari is one of the popular Hindu deities in Odisha. There are many Manikeswari temples present in Western and Southern part of Odisha.
Manikeswari temple in Bhawanipatna of Kalahandi District is well recognized in Odisha. Manikeswari is the primary deity associated with the royal family of Kalahandi Kingdom, Chakrakota Kingdom and Paralakhemundi kingdom. Chhatar Jatra is one of the most popular festivals of Manikeswari at Bhawanipatna. Khandasadhaka is a festival associated with Manikeswari in Paralakhemundi.

## History

The deity of Chakrakot amandala comprising present days Kalahandi, Koraput and Bastar was Manikya debi or Manikeswari around 10th century A.D.
Later on the king of Kalahandi Harichandra Deo struggled and died because of which his pregnant queen left for her father’s house in Gadapur, Phulbani. Some part of Phulbani was part of Mahakantara in ancient times. Though capital of Chakrakotamandala is still being debated, it is clear that it has many similar with Kamala Mandala, another ancient name of Kalahandi, Manikya Devi came to Gadapur perhaps due to influence of Chakrakota Mandala. Later, the queen and her son, Ramchandra Deo returned with Manikya Debi or Manikeswari as per Kalahandi’s public request that time. Manikeswari was brought from Gadapur (Phulbani) around 1200 A.D. and it was located in Kalahandi. Manikeswari was also popularized by Suryabansi Gajapati in 15th-16th century in Puri region. Purushottama Deva Gajapati considered Manikeswari as consort of Lord Jagannath and made a shrine of Manikeswari at Chilika, now doesn’t exist. Manikeswari is royal family deity of Parlakhemundi. Manikeswari was installed in Bhawanipatna much later around 1849 AD during shifting of the capital from Junagarh. Some people also mention Manikeswari in Thumaul Rampur as Adipitha and Devi was brought to Bhawanipatna from there. Uditnarayan Deo laid the foundation of the present modern temple in Bhawanipatna and it was completed in 1947 by Brajamohan Deo. Manikeswari was associated with Kalahandi history as a goddess of wealth, Manik, since 10th century. There is some debate to relate Manikeswari with Stambeswari temple in Asurgarh-Narla around 5-6th century as well as Maningeeswari in Banapur in Puri. There are many Manikeswari worshiping locations in many place of Odisha and Chhattisgarh, especially in undivided districts of Koraput, Phulbani, Boudh, Bolangir, Sonepur, Ganjam, Gajapati, Angul, Dhenkanal, Keonjhar, Sundergarh, etc. due to influence by various rulers. Though Manikeswari has much historical significance in Odisha and Chhattisgarh, it has not yet fully been appreciated.

## Manikeswari Temples

* Bhawanipatna
* Paralakhemundi
* Thuamul Rampur
* Jugasaipatna
* Himgir, Sundargarh

### Chhatar Jatra

Every year a festival called “Chhatar Jatra” at a particular time is organised and many people who have fulfilled wishes come and sacrifice animals in the name of goddess. Chatar jatra is celebrated during September–October, Durga Puja, in Bhawanipatna.
# Manuel Alejandro Aponte Gómez

Manuel Alejandro Aponte Gómez (10 December 1974 – 9 April 2014), commonly referred to by his alias "El Bravo" ("The Fierce One"), was a Mexican professional hitman and high-ranking leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He was a close lieutenant of the former cartel leader Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán.

## Career

Manuel Alejandro Aponte Gómez was born in Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico on 10 December 1974. Aponte previously served in the Mexican Armed Forces and joined organized crime between the years 2000 and 2006. After meeting Guzmán, Aponte was appointed as his head of security. As Guzmán became more wanted by numerous law enforcement agencies, Aponte helped Guzmán to escape, by building several tunnels in Northern Mexico. From Guzmán's capture in 2014, Aponte fought for rule over the Sinaloa Cartel.

## Death

On April 9, 2014, Aponte was tortured and shot several times. Along with his other associates, his body was dumped in Sinaloa.
# Canarias7

Canarias7 is a Spanish language daily newspaper headquartered in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. It was first published on 2 October 1982. The paper is part of Informaciones Canarias S.A. (Inforcasa).
# Mannetjies de Goede

M.J. "Mannetjies" de Goede SD & Bar SM MMM is a South African Army officer, who served as Acting Chief of the Army.
In June 2012 he was promoted to brigadier general and appointed Director Area Defence at the South African Army Infantry Formation.

## Awards

* Southern Cross Decoration (SD & Bar)
* Southern Cross Medal (1975) (SM)
* Military Merit Medal (MMM)
* Pro Patria Medal
* Southern Africa Medal
* General Service Medal (South Africa)
* Tshumelo Ikatelaho (General Service Medal)
* Unitas (Unity) Medal
* Medalje vir Troue Diens (Medal for Loyal Service) (40 Year Clasp)
* Good Service Medal (Gold (30 Years))
* Good Service Medal (Silver (20 Years))
* Good Service Medal (Bronze (10 Years))
# Paula Bradley

Paula Bradley (born 23 June 1969) is a Northern Irish unionist politician who served as Deputy Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) from May 2021 to June 2023, and an Antrim and Newtownabbey Councillor for the Glengormley Urban DEA since 2022. She was a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for Belfast North from 2011 to 2022. She also served as Deputy Mayor of Newtownabbey Borough Council from 2009 to 2010.

## Career

Bradley was first elected to Newtownabbey Council in the 2005 local election, representing the Antrim Line District. She served as deputy mayor in 2009–2010 and was elected mayor in June 2010. Outside politics, she has worked as a social worker at Antrim Area Hospital.
Bradley was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in the 2011 election, as an MLA for Belfast North, and also retained her council seat on the local elections held on the same day.
She was elected Deputy Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party on 14 May 2021, and became the first woman to hold the office on 28 May 2021.
In July 2021 Bradley said that some of the things said about the LGBT community by her party colleagues had been “absolutely atrocious” and that she was sorry: “I can certainly say I apologise for what others have said and done in the past, because I do think there have been some very hurtful comments and some language that really should not have been used.”
Bradley announced on 17 March 2022 that she would not seek re-election at the 2022 Assembly election, reversing a decision she had previously made. She told BBC News NI that she wanted to look after her mother, Charlotte, who has a number of health issues. "My mum needs me more and I have decided to prioritise her over my political career," she said. "She sacrificed so much for me and I feel I need to be there for her."
In May 2022, after standing down from the Assembly, she was co-opted onto Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council, as a representative of Glengormley Urban, to replace Phillip Brett, who succeeded Bradley as a North Belfast MLA in the Assembly election held that same month. She was re-elected to the council in the 2023 local elections.
# Bitsy

Bitsy or Bitsie may refer to:

## Nickname

* Bryan Grant (1909–1986), American tennis player
* Bitsy Mott (1918–2001), American Major League Baseball backup infielder, later personal security manager of Elvis Presley
* Elizabeth Tulloch (born 1981), American actress nicknamed "Bitsie"

## Fictional characters

* Bitsy Brandenham, a major character in the TV series Central Park
* Bitsy Davidson, an occasional character on the soap opera All My Children
* Bitsy Mae Harling, a major character in the 2008 TV series Sordid Lives: The Series
* Bitsy Johnson, a character in the TV series Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide
* Bitsy von Muffling, an occasional character in the TV series Sex and the City
* Bitsy, one of the four protagonists in SuperKitties
* Bitsy, a hand puppet spider in the British children's programme Paperplay
* Bitsy, a family dog in the comic strip Marvin
# Chauché

Chauché (French pronunciation:) is a commune of the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.
# Process patterns

Process patterns can be defined as the set of activities, actions, work tasks or work products and similar related behaviour followed in a software development life cycle.
Process patterns can be more easily understood by dividing it into terms: "Process", which means the steps followed to achieve a task and "patterns", which means the recurrence of same basic features during the lifecycle of a process. Thus in a more universal term process patterns are common or general solution for a complexity.
Typical examples are:
* Customer communication (a process activity).
* Analysis (an action).
* Requirements gathering (a process task).
* Reviewing a work product (a process task).
* Design model (a work product).
Process patterns can be best seen in software design cycle which involves the common stages of development. For example, a generic software design life cycles has following steps:
* Communication.
* Planning.
* Modeling which involves requirement gathering, analysis and design from business perspective.
* Development which involves code generation and testing.
* Deployment includes the code deployment and testing in the production environment.
# Pygostolus

Pygostolus is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are about eight described species in Pygostolus.

## Species

These eight species belong to the genus Pygostolus:
* Pygostolus clavatus Brues, 1933$^{cg}$
* Pygostolus falcatus (Nees, 1834)$^{cg}$
* Pygostolus minax Belokobylskij, 2000$^{cg}$
* Pygostolus multiarticulatus (Ratzeburg, 1852)$^{cg}$
* Pygostolus patriarchicus Brues, 1937$^{cg}$
* Pygostolus sonorensis Cameron, 1887$^{cg}$
* Pygostolus sticticus (Fabricius, 1798)$^{cg}$
* Pygostolus tibetensis Chen & van Achterberg, 1997$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Bitstream Charter

Bitstream Charter is a serif typeface designed by Matthew Carter in 1987 for Bitstream Inc. Charter is based on Pierre-Simon Fournier’s characters, originating from the 18th century. Classified by Bitstream as a transitional-serif typeface (Bitstream Transitional 801), it also has features of a slab-serif typeface and is often classified as such.
Charter was originally optimized for printing on the low-resolution 300 dpi laser printers of the 1980s, and remains suitable for printing on both modern high-resolution laser printers and inexpensive lower resolution inkjet printers due to its strong, legible design. Its structure was optimised for low-memory computers and printers. In a 2013 interview, Carter explained that it used "a very simplified structure and a minimum number of curves, more straight-line segments... very economical compared to, say, Times New Roman," but noted that rapid development of printers made this unnecessary even before he had finished the design. In its simplification of serif forms, it foreshadowed Carter's later landmark design, Georgia for Microsoft.
In 1992 Bitstream donated a version of Charter, along with its version of Courier, to the X Consortium under terms that allowed the font to be modified and redistributed. This has resulted in open source derivatives of Bitstream Charter, including Charis SIL. Typographer Matthew Butterick considers Bitstream Charter to be one of the best free fonts available.
Because of its popularity, a new Charter Pro release of the typeface was released in 2004, with an expanded character set including additional symbols, ranging figures (old-style) and small capitals. This version was later added as a system font on OS X.
Carter was later asked by Monotype to consider releasing a sans-serif companion to Charter. Finding his attempts unsatisfying, he scrapped the idea for a more radical, less directly complementary design, Carter Sans.

## History

Charter is based on the characters of Pierre-Simon Fournier, a French 18th century punch-cutter, typefounder and typographic theoretician who invented the “point system”, a standardized measurement system for font sizes.
# Gaviña Gourmet Coffee

Gaviña Gourmet Coffee (also F. Gaviña & Sons Inc) is a coffee importer and roaster located in Vernon, California. It produces the Don Francisco's Coffee, Gaviña and La Llave coffee brands, as well as private label (own brand) coffees.

## History

The company was founded by brothers José María and Ramón Gaviña, who emigrated from Spain to Cuba in 1870 and operated their own coffee plantation in the city of Trinidad. In the 1930s, the company's business expanded to include coffee roasting as well as coffee growing.
In 1959, the family left Cuba, establishing F. Gaviña & Sons Inc in Vernon eight years later. Initially, the company focused on roasting Cuban-style coffee, but later expanded into coffees for other ethnic markets, including blends to appeal to Middle Eastern and Vietnamese palates.

## Operation

By 2002, Gaviña's whole-bean coffee was the top-selling brand in Los Angeles grocery stores, with its ground coffee ranked third behind Folgers and Maxwell House and the company decided to expand supermarket supplies to other regions of the US.
Gaviña had begun selling its coffee to a small group of McDonald's restaurants in Southern California in 1983 and, in 2005, it created a stronger blend that resulted in double-digit growth in coffee sales through the fast-food outlets. It was one of three U.S. suppliers subsequently chosen to produce espresso for the McCafe program.
By 2010, Gaviña was roasting about 40 million pounds of coffee per year and was an $114m business, with a fifth of revenue from making and packaging private label coffees for McDonald's, 7-Eleven and Costco stores, according to the Los Angeles Times. The company, which remains family owned, still produces roasts for different ethnic markets, as well as supplying supermarkets, such as Ralphs, Walmart and Safeway. It sells coffee in 20 states and its range includes the Don Francisco and La Llave brands.
# Pierre Martin (engineer)

Pierre Martin (12 May 1932 – 21 December 1986) was a French engineer and spelunker who enormously contributed to mapping and researching of a multitude of caves in the states of São Paulo, Goias and Bahia, in Brazil. He was one of the founders and president of the Brazilian Speleology Society (SBE). He died in a car accident on 21 December 1986.

## Biography

Born in France on May 12, 1932 Pierre made all its primary school in Lyon. Since the age of 12 he visited the caves, being the Grotte de Jujurieux his first underground emotion. In 1950, already living in Brazil, he began mapping the Santana cave in the Ribeira valley, a project he was able to complete only 14 years later. Working in Londrina, Paraná, he founded a speleology club, outfitted it with everything necessary, trained the staff and came to attend the Ribeira valley, the Santana cave, his favorite, and neighboring caves. In July 1964 he took part in the first Brazilian speleological congress organized in the forests of Betari. Later, working for Mineradora Furnas, he began a systematic survey of caves throughout the region.
In 1970 he was elected president of the SBE and, endowed with a lively intelligence, great sense of organization and a prodigious memory, he quickly outlined the structure of the society, formed binders, created registers, scientific and technical committees, etc. He also learned to establish and maintain excellent relationships with government agencies, universities and later with the International Union of Speleology. His performance was consecrated by the attainment of an award Marechal Rondon, medal given by the Brazilian Geographical Society to all those outstanding personalities in the field of science.
From 1971, he definitely guides researchers for caves located in unexplored regions of Brazil. And it is with this effort that expeditions were carried out in the states of Bahia and Goias, in the Angelica – Bezerra system and several other groups Terra Ronca, São Vicente, São Mateus, which soon became the more extensive cavities known in the country.
# Pierre Bourguignon (painter)

Pierre Bourguignon (1630–1698) was a French Baroque painter.
Bourguignon was born in Namur. He worked in Paris during the years 1671–1685 but moved north after the Edict of Nantes to the Hague where he became a member of the Confrerie Pictura in 1687.
Bourguignon died in London.
# Bisko

Bisko is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D220 highway.
# Pilakkad

Pilakkad is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.
# Pilaitė

Pilaitė is an eldership in Vilnius, Lithuania. It occupies 13.92 km$^2$ (5.37 sq mi). According to the 2011 census, it had a population of 20,320. Although being one of the newest elderships in Vilnius, with many buildings under construction, Pilaitė used to be a place with a medieval castle, rebuilt in Renaissance style in the 16th century, which guarded roads to the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the West. The castle was destroyed during the Battle of Vilnius and was never rebuilt, but the place retained its name. It is mainly known to Vilnius residents by the two lakes it borders - Salotė and Gėlužis. Pilaitė is also known for its old windmill, which is not far away from Salotė Lake. It is known that there used to be a farm near that windmill, with some of the stone structures still standing.

## Demographics

The district is one of the fastest-growing in the entire city. It is estimated that in the last 20 years, the population of the district has increased by more than 101 percent. In 2001, the population of Little Castle was 15,996, with an increase to 20,320 in 2011 and 28,234 in 2021.
As of 2023, Pilaitė is predominantly populated by Lithuanians, Belarussians, Russians, and Ukrainians, where Lithuanians making 6/7 of the entire population.
Population of Pilaitė Eldership as of 2023 :
| Rank | Nationality | Population | Population |
| 1. | Lithuania | 28,821 | 89.64% |
| 2. | Belarus | 1,155 | 3.59% |
| 3. | Russia | 976 | 3.04% |
| 4. | Ukraine | 401 | 1.25% |
| 5. | United Kingdom | 122 | 0.38% |
| 6. | Others | 677 | 2.10% |
# Biên Hòa province

Biên Hòa (邊和) ( listen)) is a former province of South Vietnam originally formed in 1832 containing areas of Đồng Nai province, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province and Bình Phước province with total area of over 17.000 km$^2$.
In 1876 it was split to Bien Hoa, Thủ Dầu Một and Bà Rịa. On October 22, 1956, it was split to Bien Hoa, Long Khánh, Phước Long, Bình Long. On May 2, 1957, it contained four districts, Châu Thành Biên Hòa, Long Thành, Dĩ An and Tân Uyên. On January 23, 1959, Tân Uyên was separated and the rest became Phước Thành province.
# Pilestredet

Pilestredet is a street in Oslo, Norway which begins in the city center and runs through the boroughs of St. Hanshaugen and Frogner.
The street was originally called Rakkerstrædet in reference to the city dump being located along the road at today's Pilestredet Park. It was renamed in 1820 to Pilestrædveien for all the willow trees along the road. According to historian Alf Collett the renaming came about after pressure from the Brochmann family, who did not want to live on a road named after rubbish. Rikshospitalet was located there earlier, now superseded by Pilestredet Park. Oslo Metropolitan University is found along the street, and the Ullevål Hageby tram line runs along parts of it. The Blitz movement is housed in Pilestredet 30. There are several churches along the street, including Fagerborg church.
Industry in the street includes Conrad Langaard and St. Halvard Bryggeri.
The street is featured in the Norwegian version of the board game Monopoly, at the spot where North Carolina Avenue is found in the US version.
# Pileostegia viburnoides

Pileostegia viburnoides, a climbing plant related to the hydrangea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae, native to India and eastern Asia. It is a slow-growing, self-clinging, evergreen climber eventually growing to 6 m (20 ft) in length, with long narrow leaves and dense panicles of creamy white flowers in late summer.
The specific epithet viburnoides means "like a viburnum", though viburnums belong to a different family of plants.
# Gavin Brown Clark

Dr Gavin Brown Clark (1846 – 5 July 1930) was the MP for Caithness from 1885 to 1900.
He was educated at the University of Glasgow, the University of Edinburgh and King's College London, graduating in medicine.
An active campaigner for social reform issues against an official Liberal candidate, he joined the Crofters Party parliamentary group and gave general support to the Liberal Party, while in opposition. He was re-elected as the official Liberal candidate in 1886, 1892 and 1895. Spending the time in opposition he spoke in the Commons in favour of measures to ameliorate poverty. Crofters were hard-bitten in the far north of Scotland by the clearances, unemployment, and low wages. He was the Honorary Secretary of the Transvaal Independence Committee, for which he wrote the pamphlet The Transvaal and Bechuanaland. For the 1900 general election he was replaced as Liberal candidate and defeated. He unsuccessfully stood for the Labour Party in Glasgow Cathcart in the 1918 general election.