OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Poling (metallurgy)

A metallurgical method employed in the purification of copper which contains copper oxide as an impurity and also in the purification of tin which contains tin oxide (stannic oxide or "SnO$_2$") as an impurity. The impure metal, usually in the form of molten blister copper, is placed in an anode furnace for two stages of refining. In the first stage, sulphur and iron are removed by gently blowing air through the molten metal to form iron oxides and sulfur dioxide. The iron oxides are skimmed or poured off the top of the copper and the gaseous sulfur dioxide exits the furnace via the off-gas system. Once the first oxidation stage is complete, the second stage (reduction or poling) begins. This involves using a reducing agent, normally natural gas or diesel (but ammonia, liquid petroleum gas, and naphtha can also be used), to react with the oxygen in the copper oxide to form copper . In the past, freshly cut ("green") trees were used as wooden poles. The sap in these poles acted as the reducing agent. The heat of the copper makes the pole emit wood gas(CO$_2$ and H$_2$) that reduces the cuprous oxide to copper.
It was the use of these greenwood poles gave rise to the term "poling."
Care must be taken to avoid removing too much of the oxygen from the anode copper, as this will cause other impurities to change from their oxide to metallic states and they will remain in solid solution in the copper, reduce its conductivity and change its physical properties. Also upper surface can be covered with coke to prevent reoxidation of metal.
# Raju Kafley

Raju Kafley is an Indian film director and screenwriter known for his debut feature film Nirankush (निरंकुश)

## Early life

Born and brought up in Sikkim, Raju did his schooling from Tareythang Secondary School and secondary education from West Point Senior Secondary School. At college, he was involved in the theatre society through National Service Scheme. Initially, he worked as a Radio Jockey at Times FM 90.6 MHz. Soon after, he developed strive for cinema and moved to Mumbai, where he established a career as a filmmaker and screenwriter.

## Career

While doing theatres Raju worked as a director for Key Entertainment. Late in 2006 he got a break and started his Bollywood career as an associate or assistant director on a number of Bollywood films. Raju started his career in Mumbai as an assistant director in the TV serials like Kasauti, Kumkum, Naaginn, Doli Sazake, and Grahasti etc. After 2006, he entered Bollywood Hindi Movies as an assistant director and worked in the movies like Phir Kabhi, Race, U Me Aur Hum, Morning Walk, Chutki Bajake, and Tum Jo Mile etc. His debut Hindi feature film as an independent film director is Nirankush, that was shot during the year 2012 and was released in March 2013. Kafley and the author Ashutosh Agnihotri jointly developed the story and the screenplay of the movie in the year 2010. The movie is based on the popular Robert Louis Stevenson novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

### Director

* 2013: a psychological journey - Nirankush

### Writer

* 2013: a psychological journey - Nirankush
# Anglican Diocese of Ekiti Oke

The Anglican Diocese of Ekiti Oke is one of twelve within the Anglican Province of Ondo, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria: the current bishop is the Rt Rev. Isaac Olatunde Olubowale.
# Christie Cup

The Christie Cup is an annual varsity match between the Universities of Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester in numerous sports and has been held since 1886. After the well-known rivalry between Oxford and Cambridge, the Christie's Championships is the oldest inter–university competition on the English sporting calendar.
The annual event is named after the benefactor Richard Copley Christie, who was a professor of History and Political Economy in Manchester from 1854 to 1866. After his death in 1901, his widow Mary Helen Christie donated the Christie Cup and Shield which is still played for today. The three constituent colleges of the former Victoria University are facing each other annually in 32 different sports. The contested competitions range from traditional British sports like football, hockey, rugby league, rugby union, tennis, and water polo to modern competitions like climbing or ultimate.
Students compete in 32 different sports, all rolled into one afternoon of competition. As a triangular competition, Christie Championship is recognised nationally as one of the largest sporting varsities with more than 1,500 students taking part. The competitions are held each year in April or May on two Wednesday afternoons to be hosted by one of the three universities each. Manchester had won for five consecutive years until 2011 where the University of Leeds won the competition on home soil.
In 2018 the University of Liverpool won the title for the first time since 1991.
# Cevat

Cevat is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Cevat Rıfat Atilhan (1892–1967), Turkish career officer, antisemitic writer, initiator of the 1934 Thrace pogroms
* Cevat Çobanlı (1870–1938), military commander of the Ottoman Army, War Minister of the Ottoman Empire
* Cevat Güler (born 1959), Turkish former football player and coach
* Cevat Abbas Gürer (1887–1943), officer of the Ottoman Army, the Turkish Army, politician of the Republic of Turkey
* Cevat Gürkan (1907–1984), Turkish equestrian
* Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı (1886–1973), Cretan Turk writer of novels, short-stories and essays
* Cevat Kula (1902–1977), Turkish equestrian
* Ahmed Cevat Pasha (1851–1900), Ottoman career officer and statesman
* Cevat Prekazi (born 1957), Yugoslav-Turkish former footballer
* Cevat Seyit (1906–1945), Turkish footballer
* Leman Cevat Tomsu (1913–1988), Turkish architect
* Refi Cevat Ulunay (1890–1968), Syrian-Turkish writer, controversial journalist and novelist during the Ottoman era
* Cevat Yerli (born 1978), German computer game developer of Turkish descent
* Cevat Yurdakul (1942–1979), prosecutor and the chief of police of Adana Province, Turkey, assassinated in 1979
# Corey Woods

Corey Woods may refer to:
* Corey Woods (mayor), American mayor of Tempe, Arizona
* Corey Woods (born 1970), American rapper known by his stage name, Raekwon
# Tony Stoecklin

Tony Stoecklin is an American college baseball coach and former professional baseball pitcher. He played two seasons at SIU Edwardsville before being drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 23rd round of the 1992 Major League Baseball draft. Stoecklin pursued his dream of a big league career for three seasons in the Braves organization, reaching the Class-A Carolina League, before spending six seasons in independent leagues. He returned to SIU Edwardsville as an assistant coach in 1999, and helped guide the team to the Division I level in 2008. Stoecklin was named head coach in July 2012.

## Head coaching record

This table shows Stoecklin's record as a head coach at the Division I level.
Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| SIU Edwardsville (Ohio Valley Conference) (2013–present) ||||||
| 2013 | SIU Edwardsville | 16–35 | 10–20 | 8th | |
| 2014 | SIU Edwardsville | 21–33 | 16–14 | t-4th | Ohio Valley Tournament |
| 2015 | SIU Edwardsville | 20–30 | 19–11 | 3rd | Ohio Valley Tournament |
| 2016 | SIU Edwardsville | 7–27 | 4–14 | fired | |
| SIU Edwardsville: | SIU Edwardsville: | 64–125 | 49–59 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 64–125 | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Biathlon at the 2015 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival

Biathlon at the 2015 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival was held from 27 to 30 January 2015 at the Tschengla, Bürserberg, Austria.

## Results
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Russia (RUS) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 2 | Norway (NOR) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Austria (AUT) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Sweden (SWE) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Germany (GER) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |

### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Boys 10 km | Sebastian Samuelsson Sweden | Sturla Holm Lægreid Norway | Aleksander Fjeld Andersen Norway |
| Girls 7,5 km | Lou Jeanmonnot France | Vera Rumyantseva Russia | Sophia Schneider Germany |
| Boys 7,5 km sprint | Sergei Demichev Russia | Sebastian Samuelsson Sweden | Igor Malinovskii Russia |
| Girls 6 km sprint | Anna-Maria Schreder Austria | Tamara Steiner Austria | Emilie Bulle France |
| Mixed relay 2x6 km, 2x7,5 km | Norway Mathea Tofte Karoline Erdal Aleksander Fjeld Andersen Sturla Holm Lægreid | Russia Vera Rumyantseva Irina Kazakevich Nikita Lobastov Igor Malinovskii | Germany Melanie Eccarius Sophia Schneider Marinus Veit Tobias Wanninger |
# Raoul Desribes

Reverend Father Raoul Desribes (born in 1856, died in 1940) was a French Jesuit archaeologist notable for his work on prehistory in Lebanon, particularly the archaeological site of Minet Dalieh at Ras Beirut. He found two paleolithic bone harpoons.
# Central European Tour Szerencs–Ibrány

The Central European Tour Szerencs-Ibrány is a road cycling race held in Hungary. It is part of UCI Europe Tour in category 1.2.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2014 | Russia | Mamyr Stash | Itera–Katusha |
# Ayat Stars FC

Ayat Stars Football Club, also known as Ayat Stars or simply Ayat, is a South Sudanese soccer club. The club is currently based in Aweil Centre County, Aweil State, in northwestern South Sudan, near the International border with the Republic of Sudan and the Abyei Region. The team is nicknamed "The Thunders". It was formed on December 30, 2009, and initially started as a part of the South Sudan Premier League (SSPL). Ayat shares Aweil Stadium with various teams such as Tuektuek, Madiria, Apada, Merreikh Aweil, Salaam Aweil and Aweil Stars. They participate in the South Sudan Premier League, South Sudan National Cup and South Sudan Football Championship, depending on qualification.

## Club history

Ayat Stars beat Salaam Aweil on May 6, 2015, at 2–1.
# Cossulus strioliger

Cossulus strioliger is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
# Wesley G. Bush

Wesley G. Bush is an American systems engineer and business executive. He is the former CEO and chairman of Northrop Grumman, and he is currently a director of General Motors, Dow Inc., and Cisco.
Bush was raised in Morgantown, West Virginia. He has both Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He started work as a systems engineer at TRW Inc. in Redondo Beach, California, in 1987. By the early 2000s, he was president and chief executive of its "British-based aeronautical systems." Northrop bought the company in 2002, and took over his contract.
He was chief operating officer of Northrop Grumman from 2003 to 2006, and chief financial officer from 2005 to 2007. He was appointed its president in May 2006, and in January 2010 became chief executive officer. In the same year he moved its headquarters from Los Angeles, California to Falls Church, Virginia, to be closer to The Pentagon and to be more competitive with other companies in the sector. In June 2011 he was appointed chairman. He earned US$10.4 million in 2009, US$22.9 million in 2011, and US$11.70 million in 2012. He resigned as chief executive in July of 2018, and as chairman with effect from July 2019. On June 27th, two weeks prior to his resignation, a scathing independent review outlined the 14-year delay, 19x budget overrun, and numerous human errors made by Northrop Grumman in the construction of the James Webb Space Telescope, which led to Wes testifying before congress on July 26th.
Bush is on the executive committee of the board of governors of the Aerospace Industries Association, and – since 2012 – on the board of directors of the Norfolk Southern Corporation. He is a director of Conservation International, a trustee of the United States Naval Academy Foundation, and a former trustee of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
He was inducted into the West Virginia Business Hall of Fame in 2003.
Bush was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for engineering leadership in national security.
He is married to Natalie Bush, a nurse. They have three children. With his wife, he endowed a nursing scholarship at West Virginia University.
# Gerda Blees

Gerda Blees (born 1985) is a Dutch writer. She published her first book in 2017, a short story collection titled Aan doodgaan dachten we niet (We Didn’t Think About Dying). In 2018, she published her first volume of poetry, Dwaallichten (Wandering Lights).
Blees won the European Union Prize for Literature in 2021 for her debut novel WIJ ZIJN LICHT (WE ARE LIGHT).
She studied fine arts at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam, and now lives in Haarlem.
# Cossulus zoroastres

Cossulus zoroastres is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Iran.
# Phthonosema

Phthonosema is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae described by Warren in 1894.

## Species

* Phthonosema tendinosaria (Bremer, 1864)
* Phthonosema invenustaria (Leech, 1891)
* Phthonosema phantomaria (Graeser, 1880)
* Phthonosema serratilinea (Leech, 1897)
# Bridal Train

"Bridal Train" is a song by the Australian folk-rock band The Waifs. It was released in March 2004 as the lead single from their first live album, A Brief History....
The song is about the bride trains that ran from Perth to Sydney and Brisbane in 1945 and 1946 to allow Australian war brides to join their husbands in the United States.
In Australia, the song was ranked #54 on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2004.
The song Bridal Train won the first prize in the 'Folk' category, as well as the overall first prize, in the 2006 USA Songwriting Competition.

## Synopsis

In a 2007 interview with Andrew Denton, Vikki Thorn explained the song:
   "Yeah, my grandmother was a war bride, after the Second World War. She met Bob Cain, he was an American sailor. And they met in Perth, and after a very brief engagement, married and then he was sent away. She received a telegram at about midnight one night, saying eh pack your things, there’s a train, ah the US Navy is chartering a train to take ah war brides to Sydney, and from Sydney you can board a ship, and we’ll take you to America to be with your husbands, and I just wonder how those women must have felt as they were journeying across their country possibly for the last time you know to go and live in this, in this new place and you know with children, and you know I was…I get a bit emotional still when I sing that song."

## Track listing
### CD single (WAIFSCD007)

* "Bridal Train" - 4:18
* "Strings of Steel" - 4:07
* "Sweetness" (Live At The Athenaeum, Melbourne) - 3:25

## Charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 50 |
# Crocinitomicaceae

Crocinitomicaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Flavobacteriales.
# Avrora

Avrora may refer to:
* Russian cruiser Aurora (Avrora), a Russian protected cruiser; currently a museum ship in St. Petersburg
* Avrora, Russian feminine name; a variant of Aurora
* Avrora, former name of Hirkan, a village in Lankaran District, Azerbaijan
* Avrora (album), 2007 album by the Russian band Leningrad
* Avrora (magazine), a Soviet literary magazine published in Leningrad; first to publish Roadside Picnic by brothers Strugatsky
* Avrora (train), express train which derailed in 1988
* Mobile OS Aurora (also romanized as "Avrora"), a Russian operating system spun off from Sailfish
# West Leigh and Bedford railway station

vteGCR lines to St Helens and Wigan :
Legend :
The West Leigh and Bedford railway station served the hamlet of Crankwood, the village of Abram, and the Plank Lane area of Leigh, England. Like many railways, the line passed between rather than through communities, with branches off to serve the key driver - goods, and in this area - coal.

## Location and nearby stations

The station was on the Wigan Junction Railways line, known locally as the "Wigan Central line", which ran from Wigan Central to Glazebrook. It was situated immediately north of the bridge over Crankwood Lane, which in 2015 was still a minor road.
From 1903 to 1915 the LNWR operated Plank Lane station a short distance to the east on the same country lane but on a different line.

## Services

The service patterns in 1895, 1947 and 1962 are fully documented in the authoritative Disused Stations website.
In April 1884 the service pattern was straightforward. Six "Down" (towards Wigan) trains called from Manchester Central. In addition, one "express" called at Glazebrook only and passed West Leigh and Bedford without stopping. Of the six, three called at all stations, the remaining three missed some stations between Manchester and Glazebrook. With the exception of the "express" all trains called at all stations between Glazebrook and Wigan. The "Up" service was similar.
In 1922 six "Down" trains called, All Stations from Manchester Central on "Weekdays" (Mondays to Saturdays), with a further evening train from Lowton St Mary's only. Three other trains called, apparently All Stations from Culcheth, but it is possible they originated from Liverpool Central or Warrington Central and turned west to north at Glazebrook West Junction. One of these trains ran on Fridays and Saturdays Only and the other two ran on Saturdays Only. The "Up" service was broadly similar, but the mix of Saturday Only trains was even more complicated. There was no Sunday service.
The line through West Leigh and Bedford was also a diversionary route and a route by which traffic such as Summer Saturday holiday specials could bypass busy spots, such as Wigan. Pixton, for example, has a fine 1961 shot of a Summer Saturday Sheffield to Blackpool train at Lowton St Mary's which will pass through the station then bear right immediately north of Hindley South onto the Whelley Loop, joining the WCML at Standish, bypassing Wigan altogether.

## Opening, naming and closure

The line and station opened in 1884. Initially named "Plank Lane for West Leigh", the station was renamed "West Leigh and Bedford" in Summer 1893. The station closed on 2 November 1964, when the line closed to passengers. The line closed to goods in 1968 and has since been lifted.

## After closure

By 2006 the site had been razed to the ground. A lone gatepost remained as a reminder of the station.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Bickershaw and Abram Line and station closed | Great Central Railway Wigan Junction Railways | Lowton St Mary's Line and station closed |
# Dharmapala (disambiguation)

Dharmapala is a Sanskrit name which means "protector of the Dharma". The Pāli equivalent is Dhammapala. The name is often used by Buddhists to refer to a variety of persons and concepts, including:

## Buddhism

* Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1933), a 19th-century Sri Lankan Buddhist activist who founded Maha Bodhi Society
* Dharmapala, a type of supernatural being in Vajrayana Buddhism
* Dhammapala, name of a number of great Theravada Buddhist commentators
* Dharmapala of Nalanda (530–561), one of the great scholars of the Yogācāra school

## Rulers

* Dharmapala (emperor) (ruled 8th century), one of the most powerful rulers of the Pala Empire of Bengal
* Dharma Pala (1035–1060), king of Kamarupa in northeastern India
* Dharmapala Kamboja (11th century), a Kamboja ruler of Kamboja-Pala Dynasty of Bengal
* Dharmapala of Kotte (1541–1597), a Sri Lankan ruler of Kingdom of Kotte, who converted to Christianity
* Dharmapala of Nalanda (530–561), 6th-century Indian Buddhist scholar of Yogachara at Nalanda
* Dharmapala, an ancient Kamboja ruler of Kamboja Kingdom, according to Sthala Purana

## Others

* A. W. Dharmapala, a pioneering broadcaster of Radio Ceylon
* Dharampal (1922–2006), Indian historian of colonial India
* Dharampal Gulati or Mahashay Dharampal Gulati (1923–2020), Indian businessman, founder of the spice company MDH (Mahashian Di Hatti)
* Dharampal Lakra, Indian politician from the Aam Aadmi Party, member of the 7th Delhi Legislative Assembly
* Dharampal Saini, Indian educationist and activist for tribal rights
* Dharampal Singh, Indian politician from the Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh, member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of India
* Dharampal Singh (murderer), Indian murderer serving life imprisonment
* Dharampal Singh Gudha, Indian marathon runner
# Rachel Trezise

Rachel Trezise (born 1978) is a Welsh author. Her debut collection of short stories, Fresh Apples, won the inaugural Dylan Thomas Prize in 2006.

## Early life

Rachel Trezise was born in Cwmparc, Rhondda in 1978. Her family is of Cornish origin. She was educated at Treorchy Comprehensive School before going on to study at the University of Glamorgan (now the University of South Wales) and the University of Limerick.

## Career

Trezise's first novel, In and Out of the Goldfish Bowl, was published by Parthian in 2002 while she was still a student. It received broad critical acclaim, and saw her named as a 'new face of literature' by Harpers & Queen in 2003. Trezise followed up this early success with contributions to the anthologies Wales Half Welsh (Bloomsbury, 2004), Urban Welsh: New Welsh Fiction (Parthian, 2005) and Sideways Glances (Parthian, 2005).
Trezise's second book, Fresh Apples, was a wry, gritty collection of short fiction describing life in the mining valleys of south Wales. Published by Parthian in 2005, it won the inaugural Dylan Thomas Prize for writers under 30.
Trezise grew up listening to rock music in the late 1980s, and held a long ambition to write a rockumentary. In 2007, Parthian published Dial M for Merthyr, Trezise's account of her time spent on tour with Welsh rock band Midasuno. Trezise also contributed a short story, "On the Strip", to The Empty Page: Fiction Inspired by Sonic Youth, published by Serpent's Tail in 2008. The story takes its title and inspiration from a song on Sonic Youth's 1992 album Dirty.
She wrote the play Cotton Fingers about a woman travelling from Belfast to Wales for an abortion for the National Theatre Wales as part of its Love Letters to The NHS season in commemoration 70th birthday of the NHS.