OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mount Eyak

Mount Eyak is a ski area located in Cordova, Alaska. It is operated by the Sheridan Ski Club.

## History

In 1948, the Sheridan Ski Club was started and local skiers set up a rope tow near the present-day Mews Apartments. The club even had a lighted hill for nighttime skiing.
The next improvement came in 1966, when a car chassis was modified to drive the rope tow. There is still a rope tow located in the same spot but it has been upgraded numerous times over the years. The rope tow works the current "bunny hill" and transports skiers from the main lift to the rental room and the other buildings.
In 1973, the City of Cordova got a $95,000 grant from BOR and a $52,000 grant from the Roads and Trails Grant fund. These grants, plus the city's commitment of funds and the Sheridan Ski Club's contributions of approximately $29,000 and volunteer labor, were used to construct present-day facilities.
Mount Eyak is currently serviced by a single chairlift (as well as the rope tow). The chairlift was purchased from Sun Valley, Idaho, and transported by train to Seattle, then by ferry to Cordova. The Sheridan Ski Club painted the towers and repaired the chairs before the U.S. Army used its helicopters to put the towers in place in 1974. The single chair lift was originally constructed in 1939 and serviced Bald Mountain. It is the oldest working chairlift in North America and one of only two single chairs still in operation. The other is located at Mad River Glen, Vermont.

## Services

Services include a rental room with skis and snowboard, a heated lounge with concessions, and a first aid room. The hill provides emergency medical care with a volunteer ski patrol.
# Trechus akibensis

Trechus akibensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Belousov in 1990.
# Arms of state

Arms of state may mean
* The national coat of arms of a state
* The branches of government, see separation of powers
# Murphy Hall

Murphy Hall can refer to one of several buildings:
* Murphy Hall, the building housing the University of Minnesota School of Journalism and Mass Communication
* Frank Murphy Hall of Justice in Detroit
* Buildings named after Franklin David Murphy:
** Murphy Hall, the administration building at UCLA
** Murphy Hall, the building housing the music and theater departments at the University of Kansas
# Manigotagan, Manitoba

Manigotagan is a settlement in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is located near the mouth of the Manigotagan River at Lake Winnipeg.

## History

From circa 1887 to circa 1893, the Hudson's Bay Company operated a fur trade outpost here, called Bad Throat Post, and functioned as an outpost for Fort Alexander. The exact date that it was abandoned is unknown.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Manigotagan had a population of 173 living in 69 of its 273 total private dwellings, a change of -1.7% from its 2016 population of 176. With a land area of 37.06 km$^2$ (14.31 sq mi), it had a population density of 4.7/km$^2$ (12.1/sq mi) in 2021.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1985 | 230 | — |
| 1991 | 197 | −14.3% |
| 1996 | 173 | −12.2% |
| 2001 | 192 | +11.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2006 | 191 | −0.5% |
| 2011 | 213 | +11.5% |
| 2016 | 176 | −17.4% |
| 2021 | 173 | −1.7% |
Population count for 2016 based on revised count from 2021. Source: Statistics Canada, Government of Manitoba :
# Carl Friedrich Uhlig

Carl Friedrich Uhlig (1789–1874) was a German luthier, known for inventing the German family of concertinas, from which are descended variants such as the Anglo concertina, bandoneón, Carlsfelder concertina, and Chemnitzer concertina.
Uhlig produced his first concertina in 1834, being dissatisfied with the early accordion keyboard developed by Cyrill Demian. Uhlig took the right-handed keyboard of Demian, and split it between the two hands, resulting in an instrument which had two separate keyboards producing individual notes. While Uhlig's development of the concertina is very parallel to that of Charles Wheatstone, the founder of the English family of concertinas, there is no definite indication they were aware of each other's work.
# Pteridinium

Pteridinium is an erniettomorph found in a number of Precambrian deposits worldwide. It is a member of the Ediacaran biota.

## Body plan

The three-lobed body is generally flat such that only two lobes are visible. Each lobe consists of a number of parallel ribs extending back to the main axis where the three lobes come together. Even on well-preserved specimens, there is no sign of a mouth, anus, eyes, legs, antennae, or any other appendages or organs. The organism grew primarily by the addition of new units, probably at both ends, with the inflation of existing units contributing little to its growth.

## Ecology

Specimens found in what is thought to be life positions indicate that the creature rested on, or possibly in, the sediment in shallow seas. No tracks are known that would seem to be consistent with a moving Pteridinium. It is unclear whether it performed photosynthesis, or osmotically extracted nutrients from seawater.

## Occurrence

Fossils are common in late Precambrian deposits in South Australia, South Africa, Namibia, and the White Sea region of Russia. It has also been found in North Carolina and is reported from California and the Northwest Territories of Canada.

## History

Pteridium simplex was originally described by Georg Gürich in 1930 published in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft vol.82 p. 637. Pteridium was already used back in 1777 by Scopoli as the generic name for bracken fern, and so it was changed to "Pteridinium" in 1933.
Two Pteridinium specimens were found in North Carolina in 1963 by a high school student named John Brattain. After their discovery, they were misidentified by Joseph St. Jean from the UNC Geology Department as Cambrian trilobites, and were classified as "Paradoxides carolinaensis", until they were discovered to be a species of Pteridinium.
It was originally thought that Pteridinium might be a primitive Cnidarian, but it appears that it is, at best, only very distantly related to any known cnidarian. Its relation to other known Ediacaran biota is not clear. There are no identified related forms, although there is some vague resemblance to other Ediacaran forms such as Dickinsonia and Spriggina that share some of its enigmatic characteristics, such as the "staggered" or glide symmetry of its units, or triradial symmetry otherwise only seen in trilobozoans like Tribrachidium. Pteridinium has no known descendants.
# Pteridiospora

Pteridiospora is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).
# Tjokorda Ngurah Wim Sukawati

Tjokorda Ngurah Wim Sukawati, (1 February 1923 – 24 February 2013) was the eldest son of the President of the State of East Indonesia and former King of Ubud Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati and his wife Gusti Agung Niang Putu. His title Tjokorda Gde indicates that Sukawati belonged to the highest ksatria (one of the four noble castes in Bali).

## Education

Traditionally the eldest son becomes the head of the Puri Ubud royal family, but like his father, he took a more active role in the Indonesian government. Tjokorda Wim started his education in Bali and also attended Primary School in Menteng, Jakarta.
Tjokorda Wim also attended primary school in Oosterbeek, The Netherlands, when his father was heading a cultural mission in Europe (expo di Paris) in 1931. The cultural mission included a legong group from Peliatan and agriculture groups from Bali. At that time his father took three of his children to Europe, Tjokorda Wim Anak Agung Vera and Anak Agung Oka Willy.
Tjokorda Wim followed junior high school (SMP) in Malang and senior high school (SMA) in Yogyakarta. He went on to Sukabumi, West Java, and graduated from the police academy, which became the start of his career.
From 1942 until 1947 Tjokorda Wim was a police inspector in Gianyar, Bali until his promotion to police commissioner in the capital of the Republic of East Indonesia, Makassar. After serving in Stockholm and Paris Tjokorda Wim became the Indonesian Ambassador to Switzerland from 1975 to 1979.

## Family

It was in Makassar, that he met the Dutch woman, Nelly Luchsinger, who became his partner for life for 64 years. Nelly worked as a teacher at the OSVO in Makassar teaching cooking and nutrition. Together they had two children.

## Royal Cremation Ceremony

Tjokorda Ngurah Wim Sukawati died at the age of 90 on 24 February 2013, in a hospital in Jakarta due to illnesses associated with old age. He was cremated in a Balinese royal cremation in Ubud. It included a nine-tiered, 22-meter-tall bade (cremation tower), a five-meter-long naga banda (dragon), and a five-meter-tall lembu (black bull)sarcophagus. It was the biggest cremation held in Bali that year with thousands attending.
# Pseudopusula

Pseudopusula is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

## Species

Species within the genus Pseudopusula are as follows:
* Pseudopusula africana (F. A. Schilder, 1931)
* Pseudopusula antillarum (Schilder, 1922)
* Pseudopusula californiana (Gray, 1827)
* Pseudopusula campus (C. N. Cate, 1979)
* † Pseudopusula canariensis (Rothpletz & Simonelli, 1890)
* Pseudopusula circumdata (F. A. Schilder, 1931)
* † Pseudopusula floridana (Olsson & Harbison, 1953)
* Pseudopusula fusca (Gray in G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* Pseudopusula galapagensis (Melvill, 1900)
* Pseudopusula geigeri Fehse & Grego, 2014
* Pseudopusula gerberi Fehse & Grego, 2020
* Pseudopusula grohorum (Fehse & Grego, 2008)
* † Pseudopusula incomparabilis (Fehse, 2013)
* † Pseudopusula jozefgregoi (Fehse, 2011)
* † Pseudopusula parcicosta (Reiss, 1862)
* † Pseudopusula permixta (de Cristofori & Jan, 1832)
* Pseudopusula peruviana Fehse & Grego, 2020
* † Pseudopusula praecursor Fehse & Grego, 2014
* Pseudopusula problematica (F. A. Schilder, 1931)
* Pseudopusula rota (Weinkauff, 1881)
* Pseudopusula rubescens (J. E. Gray, 1833)
* Pseudopusula sanguinea (Sowerby, 1832)
* Pseudopusula spongicola (Monterosato, 1923)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Pseudopusula depauperata (Sowerby, 1832): synonym of Discotrivia depauperata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
# Pseudopyrausta

Pseudopyrausta is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956.

## Species

* Pseudopyrausta acutangulalis (Snellen, 1875)
* Pseudopyrausta craftsialis (Dyar, 1914)
* Pseudopyrausta cubanalis (Schaus, 1920)
* Pseudopyrausta marginalis (Dyar, 1914)
* Pseudopyrausta minima (Hedemann, 1894)
* Pseudopyrausta santatalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
# To Each His Own

To Each His Own may refer to:
* Suum cuique, a Latin expression meaning to each his own
* To Each His Own (novel), a 1966 novel by Leonardo Sciascia
* To Each His Own (1946 film), an American drama film starring Olivia de Havilland
* We Still Kill the Old Way (Italian: A ciascuno il suo; lit. 'To each his own'), a 1967 Italian film starring Gian Maria Volonte
* To Each His Own (2017 film), a Japanese film starring Sota Fukushi
* To Each His Own Cinema, a 2007 film
* "To Each His Own" (Jay Livingston and Ray Evans song), 1946
* "To Each His Own" (Faith, Hope & Charity song), 1975
* To Each His Own (album), a 1968 album by Frankie Laine
# Todd Klinck

Todd Klinck is a Canadian writer, nightclub owner and pornography producer.

## Early life and education

Klinck moved to Toronto at age 18 to study theatre at York University, but dropped out to focus on his career. In 1996, his novel Tacones (High Heels) was the winner of the Three-Day Novel Contest, and was published by Anvil Press to strong reviews in the Toronto Star and Quill and Quire. Klinck also collaborated with John Palmer and Jaie Laplante on the screenplay for the 2004 film Sugar, which garnered a nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 25th Genie Awards, and was a columnist for fab until 2005. He wrote an online only column for Xtra! called "Sex Play" in 2009, and a column called "Porndoggy" in the same publication for most of 2010. His writing has been published in the National Post, Saturday Night and Bil Bo K (Belgium).

## Career

Klinck and his business partner Mandy Goodhandy have launched several sex businesses in the Toronto area, including a transgender strip club, "The Lounge", an adult DVD production company, "Mayhem North", and a porn site, "Amateur Canadian Guys". In 2006 they opened a pansexual nightclub, "Goodhandy's", located in downtown Toronto. Klinck has also worked as a professional BDSM dominant, and has appeared on the television series KinK.
With Goodhandy, Klinck was chosen to be the Grand Marshal of the Pride Toronto 2010 parade.
# Psychoactive Substances Act 2013

The Psychoactive Substances Act 2013 is a law in New Zealand. The purpose of the Act is to regulate the availability of psychoactive substances in New Zealand to protect the health of, and minimise harm to, individuals who use psychoactive substances. The law seeks to make manufacturers test and prove their products are low-risk before they can be sold.
Testing is expected to cost manufacturers $1 to 2 million dollars. There is also an $180,000 application fee. A later addition to the law, Section 4(f), specified that "animals must not be used in trials for the purposes of assessing whether a psychoactive product should be approved." This may mean that, in practice, approval will be difficult or impossible. So far, no manufacturing licenses have been applied for.
The Act was brought in as a reaction to widespread concerns over the 2005 deregulation, or decriminalisation, of selling psychoactive substances in New Zealand with the introduction of section 62 in the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Act 2005 and the Misuse of Drugs (Restricted Substances) Regulations 2008. These laws made psychoactive substances such as party pills and legal highs available in New Zealand in a relatively new experimental market aimed at decriminalising the production and sale of recreational drugs.
# Toad Hall (disambiguation)

Toad Hall is the fictional residence of Mr. Toad in The Wind in the Willows.
Toad Hall may also refer to:
* Toad Hall (ANU), a residential hall in Australian National University
* Toad Hall Bar, gay bar in San Francisco
# Toad (disambiguation)

A toad is any of a number of species within the amphibian order Anura.
Toad may also refer to:

## Fictional characters

* Mr. Toad, in Kenneth Grahame's children's novel The Wind in the Willows
* Toad (Marvel Comics) or Mortimer Toynbee, a villain in The X-Men
* Toad (Mario), a mushroom-like character in the Mario franchise
* Toad the Brake Van, a character in The Railway Series and in Thomas and Friends
* Toad, a character in the Frog and Toad children's books
* Terry "the Toad", in the movie American Graffiti

## Music

* Toad (band), a Swiss rock band
** Toad (album), their debut album
* "Toad" (instrumental), a 1966 instrumental by Cream from Fresh Cream
* "Toad", a 1994 song by Die Monster Die from Withdrawal Method
* Theory of a Deadman, a Canadian rock band

## Other uses

* GWR Toad, a railway brake van
* Toad (solitaire), a solitaire card game
* Toad (software), a database management tool
* Saab Toad, a prototype of the Saab 99
* USS Toad (1914), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1918 to 1919
* The Oxford Artisan Distillery (TOAD), a distillery in Oxford, England
* TOAD, a line of computers by XKL
# Puchberg

Puchberg may refer to:
* Puchberg am Schneeberg, a village in Lower Austria
* Michael von Puchberg (1741–1822, Vienna), Austrian textile merchant
# Pulitzer's thick-toed gecko

Pulitzer's thick-toed gecko (Chondrodactylus pulitzerae) is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to southern Africa.

## Etymology

The specific name, pulitzerae, is feminine, genitive, singular. Schmidt did not specify whom he meant to honor. It may commemorate Margaret Pulitzer, second wife of Ralph Pulitzer, both of whom were members of the Pulitzer Angola Expedition, or it may commemorate their infant daughter who had died of polio.

## Geographic range

C. pulitzerae is found from northern Namibia through southern Angola.
# Pterolophia borneensis

Pterolophia borneensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1935. It is known from Borneo.
# Pulsarella

Pulsarella is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Pulsarella include:
* Pulsarella clevei (Jousseaume, 1883)
* Pulsarella cognata (E. A. Smith, 1877)
* Pulsarella fultoni (G.B. Sowerby III, 1888)
* Pulsarella komakimonos (Otuka, 1935)
# Purpuradusta microdon

Purpuradusta microdon is species of tropical sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. This species lives in the Indo-Pacific oceans.
The shell of this cowry closely resembles that of Purpuradusta minoridens.

## Subspecies

* Purpuradusta microdon microdon (Gray, 1828)
* Purpuradusta microdon chrysalis (Kiener, 1843)

## Distribution

This species is distributed in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Chagos, Kenya, the Mascarene Basin, Mauritius and Tanzania.
# Pterostylis papuana

Pterostylis papuana is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New Guinea and the Maluku and Solomon Islands. It typically grows to a height of about 180 mm (7.1 in), the leaves at the base oblong to egg-shaped, 25–30 mm (0.98–1.18 in) long and 11–14 mm (0.43–0.55 in) wide on a petiole 13–20 mm (0.51–0.79 in) long. Each plant has a single pale green and white flower tinged with reddish-brown, the dorsal sepal oblong and about 50 mm (2.0 in) long, the lateral sepals and petals 25 mm (0.98 in) long. The labellum is narrowly lance-shaped and 20–22 mm (0.79–0.87 in) long.
This orchid was first formally described in 1899 by Robert Allen Rolfe in the Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information from specimens collected on Mount Scratchley at an altitude of 12,200 ft (3,700 m).
# Franklin Bradshaw (curler)

Franklin "Corky" Bradshaw is an American curler.
He is a 1969 World Men's silver medallist and a 1969 United States men's curling champion.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1968–69 | Bud Somerville | Bill Strum | Franklin Bradshaw | Gene Ovesen | 1969 USMCC 1969 WMCC |
# Quasi-corporation

A quasi-corporation is an entity that exercises some of the functions of a corporation, but has not been granted separate legal personality by statute. For example, a public corporation with limited authority and powers such as a county or school district is a quasi-corporation.

## Definition

A quasi-corporation is an entity that is not incorporated or otherwise legally established, but which functions as if it were a corporation.

## United States
### Federal government

When created by the federal government of the United States, these entities are commonly called quasi-public corporations. These now or in the past have included telegraph and telephone companies, oil and gas, water, and electrical power companies, and irrigation companies. Some examples of quasi-public corporations in the US are Sallie Mae, Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac, Amtrak (National Railroad Passenger Corporation), the Communications Satellite Corporation (“COMSAT”), and the US Postal Service.

### State and local government

In the United States, such entities established, supported, or controlled by a city, county, or township may be called quasi-municipal corporations.
# Move Records

Move Records is an Australian record label that was started in 1968 by Martin Wright. It focuses primarily on classical and jazz music, particularly Australian, and features most frequently Melbourne-based musicians and composers.

## Artists

Composers include Julian Yu, George Dreyfus, John Sangster, Eve Duncan, Percy Grainger, Mark Clement Pollard, Brenton Broadstock, Tony Gould, Peter Sculthorpe, Cezary Skubiszewski, David Joseph, Marshall-Hall, Nigel Westlake, Carl Vine, David Chisholm (composer), Larry Sitsky, Kanako Okamoto, Andrew Ford, Andrew Byrne, Thomas Reiner (composer), Christian Heim and others.
Classical artists include Michael Kieran Harvey, Douglas Lawrence, Elizabeth Anderson, John O'Donnell, Jocqueline Ogiel, La Romanesca, Robert Ampt, Gerald English, Genevieve Lacey, Peter Carroll-Held, Ian Holtham, Miwako Abe, Ronald Farren-Price, Ian King, Sonny Chua, re-sound, Amy Johansen, Norman Kaye, Collusion and others.
Jazz artists include Tony Gould, Bob Sedergreen, Keith Hounslow, John Sangster, Emma Gilmartin, Ted Vining, the Alan Lee/Jo Abbott Quartet, Debra Blaquiere, and others.

## Soundtracks

The label has also released soundtracks of Australian films; the best known is Japanese Story. Ambient and World Music artists include Dean Frenkel, Le Tuan Hung and Ros Bandt. The label has specialised in recording classical pipe organs, many of which have great historical interest. These have included the bamboo organ in Manila, the Sydney Opera House organ, Melbourne and Sydney Town Hall organs, and many smaller instruments from the German-settled Barossa Valley in South Australia, and gold-rush Ballarat area of Victoria.
# Ramadas Volcanic Centre

24°08′3″S 66°20′57.1″W﻿ / ﻿24.13417°S 66.349194°W﻿ / -24.13417; -66.349194 Ramadas Volcanic Centre is a volcano in northeastern Argentina. It is the source of a widespread explosive eruption deposit in northeastern Argentina, the Corte Blanco Tuff which was erupted 8.73 ± 0.25 million years ago. Perlite occurs at the volcanic centre and is actively mined.

## Geology and geomorphology
### Regional

The volcano lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the town of San Antonio de Los Cobres. It is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a belt of volcanoes spanning Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. The Central Volcanic Zone includes the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, where during the late Miocene large explosive eruptions of silicic composition occurred; Ramadas is part of this volcanic complex. The basement beneath Ramadas is formed by the Puncoviscana Formation of Precambrian-Cambrian age and the site of the volcano coincides with a fault.
The region is formed by the Puna high plateau, the Eastern Cordillera and the Subandean Ranges, the first of which is delimited by faults. Summits within the active volcanic arc can reach elevations of over 5,000 metres (16,000 ft).

### Local

Ramadas lies at an altitude of 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) and is formed by a 3 by 4 kilometres (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) wide amphitheatre like structure, which has been interpreted as a tuff ring. Much of the volcano is buried by more recent rocks, rendering it difficult to visualize. A rhyolitic lava dome-like structure with dimensions of 100–50 metres (330–160 ft) is located at the centre. Presently, streams cross the areal.

## Eruption history

Ramadas is an isolated monogenetic volcano. It is the origin of the Corte Blanco Tuff deposit, a widespread formation generated by a Plinian eruption. This eruption deposited large amounts of pumice and smaller amounts of ignimbrite and pyroclastic surge mainly to the east of the vent. The eruption left fallout as far as 400 kilometres (250 mi) away, the total volume of the deposits is over 35 cubic kilometres (8.4 cu mi). After an initially intense explosive eruption, phreatomagmatic deposits and obsidian were emplaced within a depression that appears to be a caldera. Potassium-argon dating has yielded an age of 8.73 ± 0.25 million years ago for this eruption.

## Petrology

The Corte Blanco Tuff is formed by a peraluminous rhyolite. Red garnet occurs in the form of crystals within the rhyolite; other mineral inclusions are biotite, feldspar, quartz and tourmaline. Monazite and zircon have also been observed.
The Ramadas Volcanic Centre is known for the unusual presence of several formations of perlite-bearing rocks, including a lapilli rich one. This perlite has been quarryed, with two active quarries including Don Joaquin and El Sol.