OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mason Chamberlin

Mason Chamberlin RA (1727–1787) was an English portrait painter, who was one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768. He was a student of Francis Hayman. He is perhaps best remembered for his portrait of Benjamin Franklin.

## Life

Chamberlin was a pupil of Francis Hayman. In 1768 he was one of the founding members of the Royal Academy. He exhibited 50 works at the academy between 1769 and 1786. All were portraits. The subjects of most of them are unnamed in the catalogues but in 1771 he showed a full-length painting of Prince Edward and Princess Augusta and in 1774 one of Catharine Macaulay. He also showed 22 works at the Society of Artists and two at the Free Society of Artists. His address is given as 7, Stuart Street, Spitalfields in the Academy catalogues and from 1785 as 10, Bartlett's Buildings.

## Franklin portrait

He is perhaps best known for a portrait of Benjamin Franklin, commissioned by wealthy Virginian landowner and friend of Franklin's in London, Colonel Philip Ludwell III, and painted from life in 1762. It shows Franklin seated in his study with lightning striking outside the window in the background, and a lightning rod on his house. He looks to the left at a set of lightning bells (a device of his own invention), which would ring to signal when lightning was striking the rod. Franklin could then use the electricity in order to perform his experiments.
Later in 1762 (or early 1763) a popular mezzotint was made after it (possibly as part of the agreement between Chamberlin and Ludwell), by the Irish-born engraver Edward Fisher (1730–1785). Franklin's son William ordered 100 copies to sell in America, 18 of which Franklin distributed himself, mostly to friends in New England such as Mather Byles, Ezra Stiles, and his niece's husband, Jonathan Williams. This was Franklin's favorite print during the time, partially because of the accurate likeness.
The original painting is owned by the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Franklin's son William also commissioned a replica of this painting to be made, for Franklin to give him as a gift to hang in the dining room of William's new home — the copy is presumed to have been sent to America, but has since been destroyed.

## Death

He died at Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn, on 20 January 1787.

## Family

His son, also called Mason, was a prolific painter who exhibited 68 landscapes in London between 1780 and 1827, of which 58 were shown at the Royal Academy.
# Cossura (annelid)

Cossuridae is a monotypic family of polychaetes belonging to the class Polychaeta. Its sole accepted genus is Cossura.
Thirty species are accepted within Cossura:
* Cossura abyssalis Hartman, 1967
* Cossura aciculata (Wu & Chen, 1977)
* Cossura alba Hartman, 1967
* Cossura bansei Hilbig, 1996
* Cossura brunnea Fauchald, 1972
* Cossura candida Hartman, 1955
* Cossura chilensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1965
* Cossura coasta Kitamori, 1960
* Cossura consimilis Read, 2000
* Cossura dayi Hartman, 1976
* Cossura delta Reish, 1958
* Cossura dimorpha (Hartman, 1976)
* Cossura duplex Tamai, 1986
* Cossura flabelligera Zhadan, 2017
* Cossura ginesi Liñero-Arana & Díaz-Díaz, 2010
* Cossura heterochaeta Orensanz, 1976
* Cossura hutchingsae Zhadan, 2015
* Cossura keablei Zhadan, 2015
* Cossura laeviseta Hartmann-Schröder, 1962
* Cossura longocirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887
* Cossura modica Fauchald & Hancock, 1981
* Cossura pettiboneae (Ewing, 1987)
* Cossura platypus Zhadan, 2017
* Cossura pseudakaina (Ewing, 1987)
* Cossura pygodactylata Jones, 1956
* Cossura queenslandensis Zhadan, 2015
* Cossura rostrata Fauchald, 1972
* Cossura sima Fauchald, 1972
* Cossura soyeri Laubier, 1964
* Cossura yacy Sousa, Nogueira, Cutrim & Oliveira, 2019
# Trillium viridescens

Trillium viridescens, also known as the Ozark trillium or tapertip wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in parts of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas and Louisiana. It usually grows in rich deciduous forests and mountain ranges where the soil is clayey and calcareous.
Trillium viridescens is a perennial herbaceous plant that blooms early April to mid May. The flower usually has bi-colored petals, purplish near the base and green above. The species is 2 feet (0.61 m) high.
# Yayo Guridi

Yayo Guridi (born November 6, 1965, in Villa María, Argentina), born José Carlos Guridi, is an Argentine actor and comedian.

## Biography

José Carlos Guridi was born and raised in Villa María. He studied and graduated in economics at the National University of Córdoba and would be devoted to that profession for a short time. He was also an adviser to the Ministry of Economy.
After performing concerts and presentations for years in cafés and pubs, his rise to fame came in 1995 when he joined the comedy show Videomatch. In that program, he gave mainly performed sketches including high content of absurd, obscene, vulgar and off-color humor. Also conduct a fake Top Ten, entitled "Top Forry" where would perform parodies of music videos from artists like Nino Bravo, The Rolling Stones, Lionel Richie, Bee Gees, Bersuit Vergarabat, among others.
From 2008 to 2015 he appeared as part of the cast of Sin codificar, a TV show where the humour was somewhat less vulgar and more innocent. He is left-handed.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Program | Channel |
| 1995-2004 | Videomatch | Telefé |
| 1998 | Los Rodríguez | Telefé |
| 2005 | Aunque usted no lo viera | Telefé |
| 2005-2006 | Buenos días, Argentina | Telefé |
| 2006 | El código Rodríguez | Telefé |
| 2007 | Bien tarde | Telefé |
| 2008 | El último vuelo del día | America TV |
| 2008 | Sin codificar | America TV |
| 2009 | Showmatch | Canal 13 |
| 2010 | Diario del Mundial | Telefé |
| 2011 | Los únicos | Canal 13 |
| 2012 | Mi problema con las mujeres | Telefé |
| 2013–2015 | Peligro sin codificar | Telefé |
| 2014 | Tu cara me suena | Telefé |
| 2016 | Educando a Nina | Telefé |

### Movies

| Year | Title |
| 2006 | Bañeros 3: Todopoderosos |
| 2011 | Fase 7 |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
| 2011 | Martín Fierro Awards | Best Labor Humorous | Sin codificar | Nominated |
| 2012 | Premios Carlos | best Unipersonal | Yayo y qué?...Tomá! | Won |
| 2012 | Martín Fierro Awards | Best Labor Humorous | Peligro sin codificar | Nominated |
| 2013 | Premios Tato | Comic work | Peligro sin codificar | Nominated |
| 2013 | Martín Fierro Awards | Best Labor Humorous | Peligro sin codificar | Nominated |
# Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge

Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge is a 7,157-acre (29 km$^2$) National Wildlife Refuge located in five separate units in Baldwin and Mobile Counties, United States, directly west of Gulf Shores, Alabama on the Fort Morgan Peninsula. The refuge serves as a resting and feeding area for migratory birds and as a sanctuary for native flora and fauna. The refuge is one of the largest undeveloped parcels of land on the Alabama coast.
Established in 1980, Bon Secour (the name, in French, means "safe harbor") is smaller than most other national wildlife refuges, and is divided into Sand Bayou, Perdue, Little Point Clear, Fort Morgan, and Little Dauphin Island.
The Perdue unit is the most developed. Most units are located on the Fort Morgan Peninsula in Baldwin County, except Little Dauphin Island, which is in Mobile County. More than 50,000 guests visit the refuge annually. The fiscal year 2005 budget was $404,000.
Protected habitats within the refuge include beaches and sand dunes, western portion of Little Lagoon, scrub forest, fresh and saltwater marshes, fresh water swamps, and uplands.

## Wildlife

The refuge seeks to conserve an undisturbed beach and dune ecosystem which will serve as a refuge for endangered and threatened plant, fish, and wildlife species, as well as a habitat for migratory birds.
Some of the refuge's endangered species are the Alabama beach mouse which lives among the sand dunes and sea oats, and green, loggerhead, and Kemp's ridley sea turtles, which nest along the beach.
Approximately 400 species of birds have been identified on the refuge, usually during migratory seasons, ranging from ospreys and herons to seven species of hummingbirds. There have been sightings of deer, bobcat, alligators, red fox, wild pig, coyotes, and armadillos.

## Trail networks

There are four trails in the Perdue unit of the refuge with a combined length of five miles.
* Pine Beach Trail
* Jeff Friend Trail
* Gator Lake Trail
* Centennial Trail

## Developments

Bon Secour suffered extensive damage on 16 September 2004 due to a near direct hit from Hurricane Ivan and the accompanying 20-foot (6 m) storm surge. Ivan destroyed much of the wildlife habitat and left extensive debris in its wake including propane tanks, boats, jet skis, trailers, parts of buildings, and other construction debris. The Jeff Friend and Pine Beach trail systems suffered extensive damage. Debris cluttered the Jeff Friend unit, while the Pine Beach trail suffered the loss of both the Gator Lake boardwalk and observation pavilion. Following repairs and the replacement of the boardwalk, both trails are now open to the public. The dunes of the Purdue and Fort Morgan units suffered extensive damage but natural processes are beginning to repair the damage.
After cleaning up a second wave of less-extensive damage from Hurricane Katrina, limited access to the refuge beach in the Purdue unit reopened in October 2005.
# German submarine U-56

U-56 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-56, a Type U 51 submarine launched in 1916 and that served in the First World War until she went missing after 3 November 1916
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-56, a Type UB III submarine launched in 1917 and sunk on 19 December 1917
*** SM UC-56, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and interned at Santander, Spain, on 24 May 1918. UC-56 sank the British hospital ship Glenart Castle on 26 February 1918.
* German submarine U-56 (1938), a Type IIC submarine that served in the Second World War until sunk 28 April 1945
# Gerrit Rietveld College

52°6′37.01″N 5°8′11.00″E﻿ / ﻿52.1102806°N 5.1363889°E﻿ / 52.1102806; 5.1363889
The Gerrit Rietveld College is a high school in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Around 1.250 students are educated at the school. The school is named after the Dutch architect Gerrit Rietveld. The following Dutch education levels are offered at the school: Gymnasium, atheneum, havo and mavo.

## History

The Gerrit Rietveld College is the product of a merge between College De Klop and College Blaucapel in 2005. The school building from College De Klop was demolished and a new neighbourhood was built on the area.
The new merged school was housed in the building of College Blaucapel for 10 years. A new school building was constructed in the backyard of the old building. The school moved to the new building during the Christmas holidays in 2014/2015.

## Education

The students in the building have their own classroom spaces, so called 'domains'. As opposed to most schooling in the Netherlands, the teacher comes to the students instead of the other way around. This way the students have their own place in the school building.
The school is the only school in Utrecht offering Technasium education. In this education trajectory students get an additional subject called Research & Development (R&D). The goal is to introduce students to technical professions.

## Architecture and Art

The old building that the school left in the end of 2014 has been built in 1964–1965 to a design of the architect Kees Elffers.
# Gerrit Schimmelpenninck

Gerrit, Count Schimmelpenninck (25 February 1794 – 4 October 1863) was a Dutch businessman and politician, whose views ranged from liberal to conservative. He was the son of Grand Pensionary Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck and a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. He was also the first holder of the modern day post Prime Minister of the Netherlands, then known as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
After other functions, among which chief of the Nederlandsche Handelmaatschappij, he became head of secretary in Saint Petersburg and later in London.
The primary reason of William II to get him to the Netherlands and have him be appointed as Prime Minister of the Netherlands was to keep Thorbecke out of the Council of Ministers. In March 1848 he became Chairman of the Council of Ministers, holding the ministerial offices of Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance. His proposal to design a Constitution following British model, which would imply that the Senate could not be dissolved by the King, was rejected by the other ministers. He tendered his resignation on 14 May 1848 and was succeeded by Jacob de Kempenaer.
Schimmelpenninck was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 1 December 1836.

## Honours

* Commander in the Order of the Netherlands Lion (1849)
* Grand Cross of the Order of the Oak Crown (1851)
# Bonsaaso

Bonsaaso is a village in the Amansie South District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is the only village in Ghana to benefit from the Millennium Villages Project.
# Gerti Pertlwieser

Gerti Pertlwieser was an Austrian slalom canoeist who competed in the late 1940s and the early 1950s. She won four medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three golds (Folding K-1: 1951; Folding K-1 team: 1949, 1951) and a bronze (Folding K-1: 1949).
Her granddaughter Stephanie Vock is an Austrian tennis player.
# Germania Land

Germania Land or Germanialand is a peninsula in northeastern Greenland. Despite the high latitude it is largely unglaciated.

## History

This peninsula was named by Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen, leader of the Danmark expedition, to commemorate its survey by the Second German North Polar Expedition led by Carl Koldewey in 1869 on the vessel Germania and as a compliment to Alfred Wegener, the German member of the Danmark expedition.
In central Germania Land there is a cairn erected by the members of the Second German North Polar Expedition on 15 April 1870 in order to mark the farthest northern point they reached.

## Geography

Germania Land is located in King Frederick VIII Land, in the Northeast Greenland National Park, between the Skaerfjord and Dove Bay. Store Koldewey island lies south of Cape Bismarck, the southeastern point of the peninsula. The Musk Ox Mountains (Moskusoksefjeldene) are a hill range located east of Hvalrosodden, a small peninsula. There are also two lakes with a fjord structure, Seal Lake and Annex Lake.
The Danmarkshavn weather station is on the southern shore of the Germania Land Peninsula. It was named by the 1906–08 Danmark Expedition after 'Danmark', the ship of the expedition which wintered there.
| Map showing Germania Land | View of a slope with Dryas near Snenæs. From: Some Notes concerning the Vegetation of Germania Land |
# Bondapara

Bondapara is a village in Kamrup rural district, in the state of Assam, India, situated in south bank of river Brahmaputra.

## Transport

The village is located north of National Highway 31 and connected to nearby towns and cities like Chaygaon, Boko and Guwahati with regular buses and other modes of transportation.
# Political culture of the United Kingdom

The political culture of the United Kingdom was described by the political scientists Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba (1963) as a deferential civic culture. In the United Kingdom, factors such as class and regionalism and the nation's history such as the legacy of the British Empire impact on political culture.

## Factors which have shaped British political culture

* Geography: Britain's position as an island nation
* Religion: A Christian tradition, and notably a history of confessional clashes beginning in the 16th century and continuing into the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th century between Calvinists (e.g. Presbyterians), Anglicans, and Roman Catholics.
* History: The gradual evolution of the political system rather than revolution.
* Sociology: Britain's conversion early on, compared to neighbouring states, away from a rural and agricultural society and into an urban and industrial society.
# Political constitution

A political constitution is a constitution where the legislature is the main check upon executive power. It can be contrasted to a legal constitution, where it is the judiciary which provides the greater checks upon government. In many countries both political and legal checks will be used to control the government.
# Ghost boat investigation

The ghost boat investigations are a project looking into a group of at least 243 refugees who disappeared in the summer of 2014. None of the missing people have contacted their family members, and there are no bodies found or wreckage of any kind. One theory is that a people smuggling boat off the coast of Libya, intending to sail to Italy, disappeared without trace. A lack of wreckage is highly unusual for such a large watercraft. Reporter Eric Reidy has been investigating the case by blogging and using crowd sourcing. Bobbie Johnson, a senior editor at Medium, took Reidy's articles and created the ghost boat project to help track the missing group of "ghost boat" refugees. As of December 2015, no trace of the passengers has been found.

## Background

The 243 people in the group who were to leave Libya paid $1600 to get to Europe. Measho Tesfamariam arranged the trip and "handled communication, logistics, and payment for the big smugglers". There were three other individuals who helped fill the boat: Ibrahim, Jamal el-Saoudi, and Jaber, all of whom have Sudanese passports (although Jamal is Eritrean). Ibrahim was in charge of arranging the trip and the passengers and families' contact. Measho Tesfamariam says that the boat was due to depart from the Libyan Khums (Al-Khums) beach, but he didn't witness the departure. Tesfamariam was arrested on December 2, 2014 on people-smuggling charges. Meanwhile, Eritrean Jamal el-Saoudi, who was the manager of the Tokhla group smuggling operation that arranged the ghost boat group's journey, lives in Libya where he is a well-connected man.
Most of the passengers were Eritreans fleeing the highly repressive military regime that rules the country. At the time, around 5,000 Eritreans fled the country every month.

## Investigation

Experts say that such a large boat sinking would have left some trace. “It’s really strange,” says Othman Belbeisi, who is the International Organization for Migration’s country director for Libya. Refugee advocate and migration expert Fausto Melluso, with the Italian organization Arci in Sicily, said, “It is inconceivable that a boat with that many people can go missing in 2014 and nobody know about it.” Alganesh Fisseha, an Eritrean political activist who fled the country herself, is an expert on refugee issues. She said that it was the "first time she has heard of such a large group of people going missing without a trace. ... 'It is impossible that they disappeared into thin air.'” During the Lampedusa migrant shipwreck on October 12, 2013, more than 360 deaths were reported, with just 155 survivors. In that case, bodies were spread out over the ocean.
Eric Reidy had been working as a reporter in Tunisia when he heard that refugee activist Meron Estefanos was investigating reports surrounding the ghost boat. She was looking into a mysterious phone call to relatives of those on the ghost boat that the passengers were detained in a Tunisian prison. However, further digging revealed that the phone calls turned out to be a false lead.
# Points of Order

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
Points of Order (also known as Cyclops) is the fourteenth album by American composer Bill Laswell, released on October 1, 2001 by Innerhythmic. It was originally issued as a digital download through eMusic in the MP3 format.

## Personnel

Adapted from the Points of Order liner notes.

### Musicians

* Antipop Consortium – rap
* Karl Berger – piano
* Buckethead – guitar
* Graham Haynes – cornet
* Karsh Kale – drums
* Toshinori Kondo – trumpet
* Bill Laswell – bass guitar, drum programming, effects, producer

### Technical personnel

* John Brown – cover art
* Michael Fossenkemper – mastering
* Robert Musso – engineering

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 2001 | Innerhythmic | CD | INR011 |
# Borgo San Martino

Borgo San Martino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Alessandria.
Borgo San Martino borders the following municipalities: Casale Monferrato, Frassineto Po, Occimiano, Pomaro Monferrato, and Ticineto.
# Gervasius

Gervasius is a masculine given name. It may refer to:
* Gervasius and Protasius, Christian martyrs, probably in the 2nd century
* Gervase of Tilbury (Gervasius Tilberiensis in Latin) (c. 1150–1220), English canon lawyer, statesman and cleric
* Gervasius de Wolvehope (fl. 1295–1302), English Member of Parliament
* Gervasius, Bishop of Nyitra (died after c. 1128), Hungarian prelate
* Gervasius, Bishop of Győr (died after 1157 or 1158), Hungarian prelate
# Andy Stevenson

Andy Stevenson (born 20 September 1967) is a British Formula One team manager. He is currently the Sporting Director of the Aston Martin Formula One team. He is the second husband of the Baroness Shields.

## Career

After success in Formula 3 and Formula 3000 with Eddie Jordan Racing, in the early 1990s Stevenson rose through the ranks after Jordan entered F1. Having been the Chief Mechanic, he took on the responsibilities of Sporting Director in 2005.
In his current role, Stevenson represents the team in discussions with the FIA and the Sporting Working Group, as well as managing the garage operations.
# Devakshara Charita

Devakshara Charita or Devakshar Charitra (Bhojpuri: 𑂠𑂵𑂫𑂰𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂩 𑂒𑂩𑂱𑂞 IAST: Devākṣarcarita; Transl.: The Character of the Divine Alphabet) is a Bhojpuri play by Ramdatta Shukla which was written in 1884, which is also considered as first published drama of Bhojpuri. This play was written to emphasize the supremacy of the Devanagari script and to highlight the drawbacks of Urdu script. It was written and published in 1884 from lite press, Varanasi.