OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daniel Sekulich

Daniel Sekulich is a Canadian journalist, director and documentary filmmaker who has worked in various places including Vietnam, Russia, Bosnia and the Arctic. He has written book reviews for the Arts section of The Globe and Mail, and authored the books, Terror On The Seas, and Ocean Titans. He is the director of the documentaries Borderline, Aftermath: The Remnants of War and Deadly Inheritance, and has worked on the television series Ice Road Truckers, Cold Water Cowboys and Greatest Tank Battles.

## Writings

Sekulich’s first book was Ocean Titans: Journeys in Search of the Soul of a Ship (2006 in Canada), in which he delved into the world of merchant shipping to understand the ageless appeal of ships and the sea and attempt to answer the question: does a ship have a soul? Ocean Titans was an honorable mention for the 2007 Keith Matthews Award for the Best Book, and released in the United States by Lyons Press in 2007.
His second book, Terror on the Seas: True Tales of Modern Day Pirates (2009) looked into the world of high seas piracy, a multinational, multibillion-dollar enterprise controlled by organized crime and local warlords. It was released in Canada, the United States, Brazil, Italy and the Middle East.

## Films

Sekulich’s first documentary was Deadly Inheritance (1997), a look at the human impact of genetic testing, nominated for a Hot Docs! award. It followed a woman undergoing genetic testing for Huntington's disease. It was followed by Aftermath: The Remnants of War (2001), a feature-length documentary about the painful legacy of war. Filmed on location in Russia, France, Bosnia and Vietnam, the documentary features personal accounts of individuals involved in the cleanup of war. It won United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Prize for Best Humanitarian Film.
His 2012 film, Borderline, explored the Canada-US border after 9/11 and people living nearby.
# Lofa-2

Lofa-2 is an electoral district for the elections to the House of Representatives of Liberia. The constituency covers Vahun District, three communities of Kolahun District (Kamatahun, Popalahun, Lehun) and four communities of Foya District (Foya Tengia, Kpagamai, Yassadu, Kimbaloe).

## Elected representatives

| Year | Representative elected | Party | Notes |
| 2005 | Vaforay Alhaji Musa Kamara | ALCOP | |
| 2011 | Fofi S. Baimba | UP | Died in office. |
| 2015 | Julie Fatorma Wiah | Ind. | |
| 2017 | Julie Fatorma Wiah | Ind. | |
| 2023 | Julie Fatorma Wiah | CDC | |
# Vernon, Delaware

Vernon is an unincorporated community in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Vernon is located along Delaware Route 14, west of Harrington.
# Olenecamptus diversemaculatus

Olenecamptus diversemaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# 2nd Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District

2nd Independent Division of Anhui Provincial Military District (Chinese: 安徽省军区独立第2师) was formed on September 6, 1966 from the Public Security Contingent of Anhui province. The division was composed of three regiments (4th to 6th).
From September 17, 1967 to November 1969 the division was put under command of 12th Army Corps. After that the division was returned to Anhui Provincial Military District's control.
The division was disbanded in March 1976.
# Retropharyngeal space

The retropharyngeal space (abbreviated as "RPS") is a potential space and deep compartment of the head and neck situated posterior to the pharynx. The RPS is bounded anteriorly by the buccopharyngeal fascia, posteriorly by the alar fascia, and laterally by the carotid sheath. It extends between the base of the skull superiorly, and the mediastinum inferiorly. It contains the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Its function is to facilitate movements in the superoinferior axis of the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus in relation to the cervical spine.
Sources consider the retropharyngeal space to be in principle subdivided into the so-called "true retropharyngeal space" or "retropharyngeal space proper" (part of the RPS situated anterior to the alar fascia), and the danger space (part of the RPS situated posterior to the alar fascia). The danger space is sometimes also lumped together with the true RPS and the whole referred to as the RPS because the alar fascia is an ineffective barrier. Infections from the head and neck can spread down through the danger space into the posterior mediastinum.

## Anatomy

Superiorly, the retropharyngeal space terminates at the base of the skull (more specifically, at the clivus). Inferiorly, the true RPS terminates at a variable level along the upper thoracic spine with the fusion of alar fascia and visceral fascia; sources either give the inferior termination of the true RPS as occurring at approximately the vertebral level of T4 or at a variable level anywhere between the T1-T6. The danger space component of the RPS meanwhile extends further inferiorly, entering the posterior mediastinum to reach the level of the diaphragm. The retropharyngeal space drains into the superior mediastinum, whereas the danger space drains into the posterior mediastinum.

### Contents

The retropharyngeal space contains the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, adipose tissue, and loose connective tissue. The suprahyoid portion of the RPS contains the lymph nodes as well as adipose tissue, while the infrahyoid portion contains adipose tissue only.
A midline raphe is sometimes present in the RPS, subdividing it into a left half and a right half.

### Anatomical relations

Positions of adjacent anatomical structures in relation to the retropharyngeal space are as follows:
* Superior: Base of the skull
* Inferior: Posterior mediastinum
* Lateral: Carotid sheath
* Anterior: Buccopharyngeal fascia
* Posterior: Prevertebral fascia (alar fascia true RPS)

## Clinical significance

A midline raphe may be present in this the RPS, making some infections appear unilateral. However without treatment infections can easily spread from one space to the adjacent space.
If more than half of the size of the C2 vertebra, it may indicate retropharyngeal abscess.

## Additional images

* Retropharyngeal abscess
# Aktuellt i Politiken

Aktuellt i Politiken (Swedish: Current Issues in Politics; abbreviated as AiP) is a Swedish language political and news publication which is one of the media outlets of the Social Democratic Party. It has been in circulation since 1953.

## History and profile

AiP was established by Sven Aspling in 1953 with the title Aktuellt i Politik och Samhälle. It has been a part of AiP Media Produktion AB since 1999, a publishing company owned by the Swedish Social Democratic Party.
Until 1992, AiP published 20 issues per year. Then the frequency was switched to weekly. The paper contains news, reports, analyses and comments. Bo Södersten, an economist, published an article in the magazine in 1988 while serving at the Parliament for the Swedish Social Democratic Party in which he criticized the party due to its centralized structure. It also features film reviews one of which was about Ingmar Bergman's From the Life of the Marionettes.
The editors-in-chief of AiP include Åke Fors, Sven Dahlin, Macke Nilsson, Nils Hillén, Enn Kokk, Håkan Quisth, Peter Hultqvist, Ove Andersson, Eric Sundström, Jan Söderström and Fredrik Kornebäck. Since July 2019, Maria Persson has been the editor-in-chief and publisher of AiP, and Daniel Färm has been its director since 1 January 2021.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Quiché

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Quiché is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of Los Altos Quetzaltenango-Totonicapán.

## History

It was erected 27 April 1967, as the Diocese of Santa Cruz del Quiché, on territory split off from the then Diocese of Sololá.
It was renamed on 11 July 2000.

## Episcopal ordinaries

(all Roman Rite)

### Suffragan Bishops of Santa Cruz del Quiché

* Humberto Lara Mejía, Lazarists (C.M.) (1967.05.05 – 1972.06.09), previously Titular Bishop of Trajanopolis in Phrygia (1957.07.19 – 1967.05.05) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vera Paz (Guatemala) (1957.07.19 – 1967.05.05); also President of Episcopal Conference of Guatemala (1970–1972)
* ? José Julio Aguilar García (1972–1974)
* Juan José Gerardi Conedera (1974.08.22 – 1984.08.14), also President of Episcopal Conference of Guatemala (1970–1972); previously Bishop of Vera Paz (Guatemala) (1967.05.05 – 1974.08.22), President of Episcopal Conference of Guatemala (1972–1978); later Titular Bishop of Guardialfiera (1984.08.14 – 1998.04.26) & Auxiliary Bishop of Guatemala (Guatemala) (1984.08.14 – 1998.04.26)

### Suffragan Bishops of Quiché

* Julio Edgar Cabrera Ovalle (1986.10.31 – 2001.12.05), later Bishop of Jalapa (Guatemala) (2001.12.05 – ...)
* Mario Alberto Molina Palma, Augustinian Recollects (O.A.R.) (2004.10.29 – 2011.07.14), later Metropolitan Archbishop of Los Altos Quetzaltenango-Totonicapán (Guatemala) (2011.07.14 – ...), vice-president of Episcopal Conference of Guatemala (2012.03 – ...)
* Rosolino Bianchetti Boffelli (2012.09.14 – ...), previously Bishop of Zacapa (Guatemala) (2008.11.20 – 2012.09.14), Bishop-Prelate of Santo Cristo de Esquipulas (Guatemala) (2008.11.20 – 2012.09.14)
# Akol Miyen Kuol

Akol Miyen Kuol (born in 1974) is a South Sudanese journalist, author and poet. He was born in the oil-rich region of Abyei but currently lives in exile in Kenya. Akol Miyen is known for using poetry to promote peace in his homeland South Sudan. Akol currently works for the BBC as Sudan and South Sudan analyst. In 2016, the BBC threatened to fire Akol after the journalist expressed "disappointment over impediments" in the implementation of a peace deal between the South Sudanese government and rebels, telling warring parties in the country that an "agreement between South Sudanese and South Sudanese will never be a bad peace". An online campaign by Akol, called 'Save the Last Train', inspired artists in Juba to paint murals on walls across the capital to preach peace. Akol launched Save the Last Train campaign at SpiceTalks an initiative of Spice Without Borders in 2016.

## Early life

Akol fled Abyei in 1978 due to the political instability in the region and went to northern Sudan. He left Sudan in 1993 for Egypt as he did not want to join the Sudanese army because "the government was fighting my own people". Two and a half years later, he moved to Tanzania and then to Kenya in 1999. Akol says his love for his country and Africa inspired him to write poems and has dedicated a collection of poems to former South African President Nelson Mandela.

## Publications

1. "The Sun Will be Rising' (poem, 2001)
2. "The Last Train" (poem, 2003)
3. "A Case for the Capacity of South Sudanese to Rule Themselves" (analytical book, 2009)
4. "Sudan: Understanding the Oil-Rich Region of Abyei" (analytical book, 2011"
5. "The Obstacles of Creativity in South Sudan" (paper, 1997)

## Personal life

Akol is married and has three children.
# Rodolphe Menudier

Rodolphe Menudier is a French shoe designer.
Described as: the very first to be a huge success both commercial and media thanks to collections of high end shoe design. His label was launched in 1994 and takes us back to Roger Vivier’s daring; it is a combination of inventiveness and sophistication that never gives up away on elegance and seduction. Trained at the AFPIC, he won fame in the “back to luxury” trend using a significant dose of sex-appeal, with his own brand and creating models for Dior with John Galliano, Christian Lacroix, Balenciaga, Paco Rabanne… His Parisian boutique, was inaugurated in 2000 in a set by Christophe Pillet “without ostentation or gilding”, it is a concentrate of his passion in design, postmodernism and the neopunk spirit.
Florence Müller (Excerpt from 20 ans de mode contemporaine - Ed: Naïve)
He started his shoe line in 1994. The first boutique opened in Paris in 2000.
# Rodolphe Poma

Rodolphe Antoine Pierre Thérèse Poma (12 October 1885 – 12 October 1954), also known as Rudolph Poma, was a Belgian rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and 1908 Summer Olympics for Belgium. He competed in 1900 as coxswain of the Royal Club Nautique de Gand which won the silver medal in the eight and in 1908 as rower of the same club which won the silver medal in the eight.
# Dirt Dog (disambiguation)

Dirt Dog may refer to:
* Trot Nixon, a baseball player nicknamed "The Dirt Dog"
* Dirt Dog (rapper), one of several pseudonyms for Ol' Dirty Bastard
* iRobot Dirt Dog, a cleaning robot
* Dirt Dog, Heavy duty equipment
# Disco!

Disco! is the fifth studio album by American rapper Mike. It was released via 10K on June 21, 2021. It has received generally favorable reviews from critics. It peaked at number 98 on the Billboard Top Current Album Sales chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 79/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| HipHopDX | 3.9/5 |
| Flood Magazine | 8/10 |
| Pitchfork | 8.0/10 |
| Spectrum Culture | 80% |
| Spin | favorable |
| Stereogum | favorable |
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 79, based on 4 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Dylan Green of Pitchfork gave the album an 8.0 out of 10, stating, "It's less a singing-and-dancing, public reclamation of self than it is a silent disco, a reminder that introspection and consistency can break any curse." Tomas Miriti Pacheco of Spin commented that "the progression of both his sorrow and his musical technique can be traced across the album's diverse tracks." Pranav Trewn of Stereogum wrote, "He is a conduit for a broad coalition of voices that speak across the album, taking in their perspectives and reflecting them back out like the disco ball that obscures his face on the cover."

### Accolades

| Publication | Accolade | Rank |
| NPR | 50 Best Albums of 2021 | 39 |
| Okayplayer | 21 Best Albums of 2021 | 7 |
| Paste | 40 Best Hip-Hop Albums of 2021 | N/A |
| Pitchfork | 50 Best Albums of 2021 | 16 |
| PopMatters | 20 Best Hip-Hop Albums of 2021 | 6 |

## Track listing

All tracks were produced by Mike, under his production alias dj blackpower.
* "Alarmed!", "Ghoulish", "At Thirst Sight by Assia", and "Tailwind" are stylized in lowercase letters
* "At Thirst Sight by Assia" features vocals from singer Assia

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Top Current Album Sales (Billboard) | 98 |
# Low basis theorem

The low basis theorem is one of several basis theorems in computability theory, each of which showing that, given an infinite subtree of the binary tree $2^{<\omega }$, it is possible to find an infinite path through the tree with particular computability properties. The low basis theorem, in particular, shows that there must be a path which is low; that is, the Turing jump of the path is Turing equivalent to the halting problem $\emptyset '$.

## Statement and proof

The low basis theorem states that every nonempty $\Pi _{1}^{0}$ class in $2^{\omega }$ (see arithmetical hierarchy) contains a set of low degree (Soare 1987:109). This is equivalent, by definition, to the statement that each infinite computable subtree of the binary tree $2^{<\omega }$ has an infinite path of low degree.
The proof uses the method of forcing with $\Pi _{1}^{0}$ classes (Cooper 2004:330). Hájek and Kučera (1989) showed that the low basis is provable in the formal system of arithmetic known as ${\text{I-}}\Sigma _{1}$.
The forcing argument can also be formulated explicitly as follows. For a set X⊆ω, let f(X) = Σ$_{{i}(X)↓}$2$^{−i}$, where {i}(X)↓ means that Turing machine i halts on X (with the sum being over all such i). Then, for every nonempty (lightface) $\Pi _{1}^{0}$ S⊆2$^ω$, the (unique) X∈S minimizing f(X) has a low Turing degree. This is because X satisfies {i}(X)↓ ⇔ ∀Y∈S ({i}(Y)↓ ∨ ∃j<i ({j}(Y)↓ ∧ ¬{j}(X)↓)), so the function i ↦ {i}(X)↓ can be computed from $\emptyset '$ by induction on i; note that ∀Y∈S φ(Y) is $\Sigma _{1}^{0}$ for any $\Sigma _{1}^{0}$ set φ. In other words, whether a machine halts on X is forced by a finite condition, which allows for X′ = $\emptyset '$.

## Application

One application of the low basis theorem is to construct completions of effective theories so that the completions have low Turing degree. For example, the low basis theorem implies the existence of PA degrees strictly below $\emptyset '$.
# Zalazar

Zalazar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Domingo Zalazar (born 1986), Argentine footballer
* José Zalazar (born 1963), Uruguayan footballer
* Kuki Zalazar (born 1998), Spanish footballer
* Rodrigo Zalazar (born 1999), Uruguayan footballer
* Víctor Zalazar (born 1935), Argentine boxer
# Zalawadi

The Zalawadi goat breed from the Surendranagar and Rajkot regions of Gujarat in India is used for the production of milk, meat, and fiber. Zalawadi goats compromise 27.8% of the goat population in Surendranagar. The goats are also known by the local name Tara Bakari.

## Physical description

A long legged type of goat. Coat is predominantly black with speckled ears. Horns are upward and backward pointing corkscrews with drooping, leaf-shaped ears.

## Statistics

Milk yield = 2.02±0.18 kg in 197.2±5.8d of lactation with an average productive life of 5-6 lactations. The birth rate is 55% twins and 2% triplets.
# Lu Yusong

Lu Yusong (born February 6, 1992) is a Chinese baseball pitcher who plays with the Henan Elephants in the China Baseball League.
Lu represented China at the 2017 World Baseball Classic and 2018 Asian Games.
# Bapjaner Bioscope

Bapjaner Bioscope is a 2015 Bangladeshi film directed by Reazul Mawla Rezu, in his feature film directorial debut. It won eight awards, including the awards for Best Film and Best Director at the 40th Bangladesh National Film Awards. The film was shot at char area in the Jamuna River.

## Cast

* Shahiduzzaman Selim
* Shatabdi Wadud
* Sanjida Tanmoy

## Awards
### 2015 Bangladesh National Film Awards

* Best Film
* Best Director
* Best Male Playback Singer
* Best Music Composer
* Best Lyricist
* Best Story
* Best Screenplay
* Best Editor
# Boekelheide

Boekelheide is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jay Boekelheide, American sound editor
* Todd Boekelheide (born 1954), American film composer
* Virgil Boekelheide, American chemist
# Lucet (disambiguation)

A lucet is a tool formerly used in cordmaking or braiding to create cords that were used on clothing.
Lucet may also refer to:
* Charles Lucet (1910–90), French ambassador to the United States
* Élise Lucet (born 1963), French investigative journalist and television host
* Marcel Lucet (1816–83), French deputy and then senator of the department of Constantine, Algeria, from 1871 to 1883
# D-value (microbiology)

In microbiology, in the context of a sterilization procedure, the D-value or decimal reduction time (or decimal reduction dose) is the time (or dose of an antimicrobial drug) required, at a given condition (e.g. temperature) or set of conditions, to achieve a one-log reduction, that is, to kill 90% of relevant microorganisms. A D-value is denoted with the capital letter "D". Thus, after an exposure time of 1 D, only 10% of the organisms originally present in a microbial colony would remain. The term originated in assessments of microbes' thermal resistance and in thermal death time analysis; however, it now has analogous uses in other microbial resistance and death rate applications, such as for ethylene oxide and radiation processing.

## Details

Use of D-values is based on the assumption that the procedure in question causes the number of living microorganisms to decay exponentially. From this perspective, D-values can be understood as roughly analogous to half lives of radioactive substances, however a half life involves a reduction of 50% rather than 90%. The half life is actually roughly 30% (log$_{10}$2 ≈ 30.103%) of the D-value, so if D = 10 minutes, the number of living microorganisms will be halved in about 3 minutes.
Generally, each lot of a sterilization-resistant organism will have its own specific D-value. Determining a D-value requires an experiment, but only gives the D-value under the specific conditions of that experiment. D-values are unique to the conditions of the environment that the bacteria currently exists in.
In the context of thermal analysis it is typical practice to subscript the "D" with an indication of temperature. For example, given a hypothetical organism which is reduced by 90% after exposure to temperatures of 150° C for 20 minutes, the D-value would be written as D$_{150C}$ = 20 minutes. In the US, the temperature is usually indicated in degrees Fahrenheit; a notation like D$_{230}$ should be understood to mean D$_{230F}$ (D$_{110C}$). When describing D-value generally for any temperature, like in the heading of a table, a common abbreviation is D$_T$ (where T stands for the temperature), where specific values for T may be given elsewhere. A numeric subscript may also be used to indicate some other level of reduction than 90%; for example, D$_{10}$ denotes the time required for a 10% reduction.
D-values are sometimes used to express a disinfectant's efficiency in reducing the number of microbes present in a given environment.
# Zenon Mróz

Zenon Mróz (pronounced:; born 2 November 1930) is a Polish engineer, a member of the Polish Academy of Science (PAN) and the Polish Academy of Learning (PAU). He specializes in soil mechanics and materials science.

## Life and career

He graduated from the Warsaw University of Technology in 1952. He joined the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1956. Between 1959 and 1960, he was a post-doctoral research fellow at Brown University where he collaborated with William Prager. He obtained his habilitation in 1964 for research on constitutive models of plastic deformation.
He was awarded the title of Professor of Technical Sciences in 1971. In 1986, he became a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and in 2004, he became a full member of the organization.

## Awards and honours

He received honorary degrees from the University of Miskolc (1995), Faculté polytechnique de Mons (1997), Cracow University of Technology (1997), University of Waterloo (1999) and University of Minnesota (2003). He also became an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (2003).
In 2001, he became a recipient of the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
In 2004, he was awarded the Koiter Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers "for significant contributions to elastic/plastic material behavior modeling, to tribology, and to optimization".

## Selected publications

* Effect of Grain Roughness on Strength, Volume Changes, Elastic and Dissipated Energies During Quasi-Static Homogeneous Triaxial Compression Using DEM (with Jan Kozicki, Jacek Tejchman-Konarzewski, 2012)
* Topological sensitivity analysisand finite topology modifications: application to optimization of plates in bending (with Dariusz Bojczuk, 2009)
* Variational approach to the analysis of steady state thermoelastic wear regimes in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (with I. Paczelt, 2009)
* An energy model of segmentation cracking of thin films in Mechanics of Materials, Elsevier Science (with Marcin Białas, 2007)
* A simplified analysis of interface failure under compressive normal stress and monotonic or cyclic shear loading in International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics (with Marcian Białas, 2005)