OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zoopsis nitida

Zoopsis nitida is a species of liverwort in the family Lepidoziaceae. The species was first described by David Glenny, John E. Braggins and Rudolf M. Schuster in 1997.

## Etymology

The species epithet nitida refers to the shiny appearance of fresh specimens.

## Description

Zoopsis nitida has a glossy, dark-green colour. It can be distinguished from other New Zealand liverwort species by its lack of lateral leaves on mature plant stems.

## Distribution and habitat

Zoopsis nitida is endemic to New Zealand, and has been found in the North Island, South Island and on Campbell Island, New Zealand. The holotype of the species was collected during the 10th John Child Bryological Workshop, held in the Waipoua Forest of the Northland Region in November 1994, found among rotting bark of northern rātā roots, alongside the Acrobolbaceae liverwort Saccogynidium australe.
# Çat, Tokat

Çat is a town (belde) in the Tokat District, Tokat Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,791 (2022).
# Ángeles Gulín

Ángeles Gulín (14 February 1939 – 10 October 2002) was a Spanish operatic soprano particularly associated with early Verdi works.

## Life and career

Born María de los Ángeles Gulín Domínguez in Ribadavia, Spain, she moved with her family at the age of eight to Montevideo, Uruguay, where she studied singing with her father, who became a local music director who organized concerts in parks. She made her operatic debut there in 1963, as the Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute, as last minute replacement. She then returned to Europe where she sang mostly in Spain and Italy in roles such as Lucia in Lucia di Lammermoor, Gilda in Rigoletto and Violetta in La traviata.
After winning the Busseto Verdian Voices Competition in 1968, she turned to more dramatic roles and specialized in early Verdi works. Gulín's repertoire included Oberto, Nabucco, I due Foscari, Giovanna d'Arco, Attila, Alzira, Il corsaro, Luisa Miller, Stiffelio, Aroldo, I vespri siciliani, Simon Boccanegra, Un ballo in maschera, La forza del destino and Aida. Her repertoire also included roles in Rossini's La donna del lago, Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda and Norma, Spontini's Fernand Cortez, Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, Ponchielli's La Gioconda, Rachmaninoff's Francesca da Rimini, de Falla's La vida breve, Giordano's Andrea Chénier and Puccini's Turandot.
Gulín's voice was rich and large, but capable of agility. Her career was cut short in 1987 due to serious health problems. She died in Madrid.
She was married to the baritone Antonio Blancas. In 1980, the couple appeared together in the world premiere of Federico Moreno Torroba's opera, El poeta, with Plácido Domingo in the title role. Their daughter Ángeles Blancas Gulín is also a soprano, who has herself had a distinguished career, including in roles that her mother sang.
She was rediscovered through the appearance of several recordings of her live performances.

## Sources

* ↑ "In Review: BREGENZ - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
* Guide de l'opéra, Roland Mancini and Jean-Jacques Rouveroux, Fayard, 1995.
* Biography
* Opera
# Battle of Nesbit Moor

There have been two battles of Nesbit Moor fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Their locations lie between Duns and Swinton, in Berwickshire Scotland.
* Battle of Nesbit Moor (1355)
* Battle of Nesbit Moor (1402)
# Daniel Sedji

Daniel Sedji (born 15 April 1927) is an Ivorian sprint canoer who competed in the early 1970s. He was eliminated in the repechages of the C-2 1000 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
# Zubaydah Trail

The Zubaydah Trail (Al-Kufi pilgrimage route) is among the seven major pilgrimage routes in the Arabian Peninsula, dating back over 1000 years. A crucial trade route during the Abbasid era, it is a strong candidate for the UNESCO World Heritage List. This historical trail was constructed to serve pilgrims from Iraq, neighbouring Islamic countries, and East Asian countries.
Its construction was completed during the Abbasid Caliphate, specifically between 132 AH (750 CE) and 656 AH (1258 CE).
The trail's history dates back to the pre-Islamic era, when it was used by tribes, travellers, and commercial caravans to move between Iraq and Western Arabia. Over time, its usage became regular and easier as the water centres, grazing areas, and mining locations along the route transformed into major stations.
During the Abbasid era, the trail served as an important link between Baghdad, the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, and the rest of the Arabian Peninsula. The Abbasid caliphs took great interest in the trail, enhanced it with various benefits and facilities, as well as undertook an expansion of the road to make it suitable for use by pilgrims, travellers, and their animals.
Historical, geographical, and archaeological sources show that the trail route was designed in a practical and meticulous manner. Along its length from Kufa to Mecca, stations, houses, and resting areas were established. Its surface was paved with stones in sandy and muddy areas. In addition, it was equipped with necessary amenities and facilities such as wells, ponds, and dams. Signages, lighthouses, beacons, and stoves were also set up to mark its path and guide travellers.
The Zubaydah Trail stretches over a distance of 1,300 kilometres and is connected to 27 main stations, most of which are concentrated in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, 58 subsidiary stations called Muta'asha, which are rest stops, were established between every two main stations. The average distance between each main station and the next is approximately 50 kilometres.

## Naming

The trail was named after Queen Zubaydah, the granddaughter of Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur and wife of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, who played a significant role in its development. She made significant contributions towards the construction of the trail, and alongside her husband, dedicated a considerable amount of their wealth towards the comfort of pilgrims and travellers. The idea for establishing the trail came after she experienced great hardships on her journey to perform the Hajj pilgrimage in the year 176 AH. She then ordered the construction of rest areas and ponds along the routes of valleys in a well-organized manner that helped collect rainwater, streams, and runoff within water canals.
# Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC)

At the Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC), the Theban forces of Pelopidas fought against the Thessalian troops of Alexander of Pherae in a battle in which Pelopidas was killed; nevertheless, the Thebans won. The next year, the Theban general Epaminondas avenged Pelopidas' death by a victory over Alexander.
# Amranga

Amranga is a village in Kamrup district, situated in the south bank of the river Brahmaputra.

## Transport

The village is located extreme south of the district, and connected to nearby towns and cities like Bijoynagar, Chaygaon and Guwahati with regular buses and other modes of transportation through National Highway 17.
# Andreas Teuber

Andreas Teuber (May 5, 1942 – February 15, 2021) was an American academic and actor. He was an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Brandeis University.
Teuber studied under Paul Grice at Oxford University and at Harvard University with philosophers John Rawls and Robert Nozick. Teuber was also a Member and Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
In an earlier career, Teuber was an actor. As an Oxford University student, he performed opposite Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor in the 1967 film Doctor Faustus, where he garnered favorable reviews as Mephistopheles in a production that saw few good marks. He also guest-starred on the TV series I Spy and The Big Valley.
He died in February 2021 at the age of 78.

## Academic work

Teuber held a B.A. and a Ph.D. from Harvard University.
He has published a number of more general popular works, including:
* Teuber, Andreas. Twenty One Legal Puzzlers: A Series of Short Takes and Murder Mysteries in Criminal, Civil and Constitutional Law Complete with Commentaries. Focus Publishing, 2005.
* Teuber, Andreas. "Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus in Performance." Shakespeare and the Classroom XIII. 1 (2005).
* Teuber, Andreas. "Dr. Faustus on Stage and Film." Marlowe's Dr. Faustus. Ed. Lake, James & Ribner, Irving. Pullins and Company, 2004
# Pearls to Pigs

Pearls to Pigs is an LP and the seventh release by American electronic-alternative rock band Modwheelmood. The LP was released as an amalgam of the first three Pearls to Pigs EPs with a new track, "Happily Delayed", on June 2, 2009 at the first show of their West Coast tour in Scottsdale, Arizona. The album was digitally released in June 2009.

## Track listing

* Problem Me - 4:23
* MHz - 4:45
* Forli' - 1:28
* Bellevue Ave - 4:23
* Too Late - 3:22
* Crumble - 4:08
* Sunday Morning - 3:32
* If I Was You - 4:03
* Domenica Pomeriggio - 1:09
* Scene - 3:17
* Your Place - 0:23
* Happily Delayed - 4:20
* Lie - 3:41
* Thursday - 4:16
* Madrid - Changes - 2:40
* Scared of Everyone - 5:56

## Cover art

The cover art of the album is the band and album name written in braille.
# Arbanitis robertsi

Arbanitis robertsi is a species of tube-dwelling spider in the family Idiopidae found in and near rainforests in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. A mid to large sized spider which builds a tube of web that extends from the burrow. The tube is attached to rocks, tree ferns or the base of trees. Thousands of these tubes were recorded by Sid Jackson in November 1922 at the south eastern end of Wallis Lake. "Up to three feet long, and half an inch wide". Situated on damp ground, close to freshwater streams.

## Description

Body length of the female is 27mm, male 17 mm. The male is a darker brown colour and with longer legs than the female. The burrow is usually straight, or slightly inclined with no brood shaft. The burrow usually extends around 30 cm underground. The tube above ground is usually seen around 15 to 20 cm above ground level. The tube is loosely connected to the burrow at ground level, and pulling the tube breaks it above ground and leaves the spider safe underground.
Tube spiders may live in colonies, where tubes are attached to each other, resembling organ pipes. The tubes are camoflauged with particles of earth, moss and lichen. The vibration of crawling insects on the tube is said to alert the spider to potential prey. Prey is caught at the opening of the tube, including moths, beetles and other crawling insects.

## Egg sac

The egg sac is 24 mm x 15 mm, rectangular in shape, constructed of white silk, secured within the burrow by the female. Eggs around 50 in number, a golden yellow colour, non glutinous.

## Taxonomy

A. robertsi was first described as Dyarcyops robertsi by Barbara York Main & Ramon Mascord in 1974, and was transferred to the genus, Misgolas in 1992 by Graham Wishart, and then to the genus, Arbanitis, in 2017 by Michael Rix and others.
# RTPA

RTPA or rtPA may refer to:
* Radiotelevisión del Principado de Asturias, a public broadcasting company in Asturias, Spain
* Real-time process algebra, a set of new mathematical notations for formally describing system architectures, and static and dynamic behaviors
* Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots
* Release to Production Acceptance, (in IT systems management) a methodology used to consistently and successfully deploy application systems into a production environment regardless of platform.
# Pukaki Airport

Pukaki Airport (IATA: TWZ, ICAO: NZUK) is a small airport in the Mackenzie District of the South Island of New Zealand. The airport is located about 3 km north from the township of Twizel and is 284 km from Christchurch.
The airport contains a fully automated Met Service weather station, thirteen hangars, and fuel supplies.
Resident operators offer charter and scenic flights from the aerodrome.
A record low temperature was set at Pukaki Airport of -19.8 °C on the morning of 23 June 2015.
The airport was also one of the filming locations of the 2009 zombie movie Last of the Living.
# Copper Cove

Copper Cove may refer to:
* Copper Cove (Antarctica)
* Copper Cove Subdivision, California
# Gene transfer format

The Gene transfer format (GTF) is a file format used to hold information about gene structure. It is a tab-delimited text format based on the general feature format (GFF), but contains some additional conventions specific to gene information. A significant feature of the GTF that can be validated: given a sequence and a GTF file, one can check that the format is correct. This significantly reduces problems with the interchange of data between groups.
GTF is identical to GFF, version 2.
# Archytas rufiventris

Archytas rufiventris is a species of bristle fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

United States.
# Clinidium cavicolle

Clinidium cavicolle is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1873. It is known from Colombia; there is an uncertain record from Brazil too. There is uncertainty as regards to the origin of the type specimen(s) as the original label refers to "Nova-Grenata, Bogoto", probably referring to Bogota. What is now designated as the lectotype is from Ocaña, Norte de Santander. The other syntype, probably of "the other sex", matches Chevrolat's description less well and was described in 1985 as Clinidium humile.
Clinidium cavicolle measure 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) in length.
# Areial

Areial is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
# Arcadia Aegypti

Arcadia or Arcadia Aegypti was a Late Roman province in northern Egypt. It was named for one of the reigning Augusti of the Roman Empire, Arcadius (r. 383–408) of the Theodosian dynasty when it was created in the late 4th century. Its capital was Oxyrhynchus and its territory encompassed the Arsinoite nome and the "Heptanomia" ("seven nomes") region.

## History

It was created between 386 and ca. 395 out of the province of Augustamnica and most of the historical region known as "Heptanomis" ("seven nomes"), except for Hermopolis, which belonged to the Thebaid.
In the Notitia Dignitatum, Arcadia forms one of six provinces of the Diocese of Egypt, under a governor with the low rank of praeses.
By 636, the praeses governor had been replaced by a governor with the rank of dux.

## Episcopal sees

Ancient episcopal sees in the Roman province of Arcadia Aegypti, listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:
* Oxyrhynchus, the Metropolitan Archbishopric, so probably the provincial capital
* Alphocranon (Helwan)
* Aphroditopolis (Atfih)
* Arsinoë in Arcadia (Faiyum)
* Cynopolis in Arcadia (El-Queis? Cheikh-Fadl?)
* Heracleopolis Magna
* Memphis
* Nilopolis
* Theodosiopolis in Arcadia (Taha-el-Amudein)
# Arcadia Brewing Company

The Arcadia Brewing Company (also known as Arcadia Ales) was a brewery with facilities in Battle Creek and Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, in operation from 1996 to 2019. At the time it ceased operations due to financing problems, it was one of Michigan's 25 largest craft breweries and distributed to eight states.

## History

The business first opened in 1996 as a pub in Battle Creek, owned by Tim Suprise (founder and president) along with several other shareholders. The restaurant TC's Wood-Fired Fare was founded alongside the microbrewery. The brewery's products were distributed in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; and in craft beer clubs in Washington and Canada.
All beers were produced in the brewery's 25 bbl Peter Austin brewhouse, and open-fermented in the brewery's cellar, using a traditional English ale yeast. In the spring of 2014, Arcadia completed a new building in Kalamazoo, a 30,000 square foot building, capable of producing 21,000 barrels annually. The Battle Creek facility closed in 2016.
Arcadia's year-round brews included Arcadia IPA (an India pale ale), Cheap Date (a session ale), Loch Down (a Scotch ale), Mango Suprise [sic] (an American IPA made with mango), Hopmouth (double IPA), Rapunzel (a wheat beer), and Sky High Rye (a pale ale). Its seasonal beers included Porter Rico (a porter with coconut), Shipwreck Porter (bourbon-barrel-aged, 12 percent ABV), and Whitsun Ale (a wheat ale).
The company ceased operations in September 2019, following a default on its mortgage.
In June 2020, the Superfluid Supply Co. division of Elk Rapids-based Short's Brewing announced its purchase of Arcadia's beer brands and intellectual property. "Arcadia was influential to the development of the Michigan Craft beer scene and was doing well until a few specific errors caused its failure," said Short's CEO Scott Newman-Bale. Superfluid relaunched Whitsun Ale under the Arcadia brand in July 2020, with plans to release other Arcadia brands in the future.

## Awards

2009 Great American Beer Festival
* Bourbon barrel-aged Cereal Killer Barleywine - Gold Medal
# Cleave (fiber)

A cleave in an optical fiber is a deliberate, controlled break, intended to create a perfectly flat end face perpendicular to the fiber's longitudinal axis. The process of cleaving an optical fiber forms one of the steps in the preparation for a fiber splice operation, regardless of the subsequent splice being a fusion splice or a mechanical splice; the other steps in the preparation being those of stripping and fiber alignment. A good cleave is required for a successful low loss splice of an optical fiber, often it is the case that fibers spliced by identical methods tend to have different losses, this difference can often be attributed to the quality of their initial cleaves.
The general method of cleaving involves a general strategy known as the scribe-and-tension or scribe-and-break strategy. This strategy involves the introduction of a small crack into the fiber and the subsequent application of a tensile force in the vicinity of the crack that causes the fiber to cleave.

## Cleaving technique

A general cleaving strategy that is employed is known as the scribe-and-tension strategy or the scribe-and-break strategy. This process involves the introduction of a crack in the fiber, generally utilizing a cutting tool made from a material such as diamond, sapphire, or tungsten carbide, followed by the application of tensile stress in the vicinity of the crack. However, the specific implementations of the cleaving vary and result in cleaves of different qualities.
Certain implementations may apply the tensile force uniformly across the cross-section of the fiber, whereas others might bend the fiber around a curved surface, causing excessive tensile stress on the outside of the bend. The introduction of the crack in the fiber may also be generated in different ways; the crack may be introduced at a single point on the circumference or it may be generated all along the circumference of the fiber before the application of the tensile force. The circumferential introduction of the crack often allows fibers of considerably large diameters to be cleaved while maintaining a high quality of the cleave.

## Tools

* A pen-shaped scribe (also known as diamond-tip scribe or diamond wedge scribe) looks like a ballpoint pen but has a small wedge tip made of diamond or other hard material. This tool is used with the "scratch and pull" technique. First, the fiber is scribed perpendicular to its length. The fiber is then pulled, which breaks at the scribe. This tool requires an experienced operator to produce good cleaves.
* Mechanical cleavers clamp the fiber in the correct position before a diamond wheel or blade scribes the fiber. Then, a force is applied and the fiber gives a nice break at the scribe. Mechanical cleavers give nicer and more repeatable cleaves.
* Multifiber cleavers are used for ribbon fiber cables.
# William Feilding

William Feilding may refer to:
* Sir William Feilding (died 1471), Lancastrian and knight of the shire for Leicestershire
* William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh (c.1587–1643), English naval officer and courtier
* William Feilding, 3rd Earl of Denbigh (1640–1685), grandson of 3rd Earl
* William Feilding (1669–1723), Member of Parliament for Castle Rising 1705–24
* William Feilding, Viscount Feilding (1760–1799), British army colonel and politician
* William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh (1796–1865), son of William Robert Feilding, Viscount Feilding
* William Feilding (British Army officer, born 1836) (1836–1895), British soldier, son of 7th Earl Denbigh
* William Feilding, 10th Earl of Denbigh (1912–1966)
* William Feilding, 11th Earl of Denbigh (1943–1995), Earl of Denbigh
# Clipper, Washington

Clipper is an unincorporated community in Whatcom County, in Washington. A post office called Clipper was established in 1901, and remained in operation until 1955. The community took its name from the Clipper Shingle Company.
# Pedzisai Ruhanya

Pedzisai Ruhanya is a former News Editor for Zimbabwean independent newspaper Daily News. He is a former president of the Harare Polytechnic Students Representative Council serving with people including Secretary General Lance Guma, Vice President Alec Magama, Information and Publicity Secretary Sibanengi Dube. Ruhanya is the Programmes Manager for the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition. In 2008 he was awarded a Humphrey Fellowship by the University of Minnesota.
# Peduzzi

Peduzzi is a surname, originating from Northern Italy.
* Anna Maria Peduzzi (1912–1979), Italian racing driver
* Émile-Gustave Cavallo-Péduzzi (1851–1917), French painter
* Renato Peduzzi (active 19th Century, died 1894), Italian sculptor
* Richard Peduzzi (born 1943), French scenographer
# Peder Jensen

Peder Jensen may refer to:
* Peder Are Nøstvold Jensen, Norwegian blogger who uses the alias Fjordman
* Peder Jensen (bishop), Bishop of Lund between 1355 and 1361
* Peder Jensen (equestrian) (1897-1938), Danish equestrian
* Peder Jensen Fauchald (1791-1856), Norwegian politician
* Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint (1853-1930), Danish architect, designer, painter and architectural theorist
# Pellissippi

Pellissippi (Pelisipi, Pelisippi) may refer to:
* Clinch River, formerly known as the Pellissippi River
* Ohio River, formerly known as the Pellissippi River
* Pellissippi Lodge, of the Order of the Arrow boyscouts
* Pellissippi Parkway, a highway in Tennessee
* Pellissippi State Community College, in Knox County, Tennessee