OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Blanshard

Richard Blanshard MA (19 October 1817 – 5 June 1894) was an English barrister and first governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island from its foundation in 1849 to his resignation in 1851.

## Biography

Blanshard was born in London to a wealthy mercantile family, and after reading law at Cambridge University, served in the army in British India. At the age of 32, a personal connection helped secure Blanshard the post of colonial governor of Vancouver Island. Although the commission was dated in July, 1849, Blanshard did not arrive in the colony's capital of Fort Victoria until March of the following year.
Blanshard's short tenure proved unhappy from the start, largely because of the enormous power and influence wielded by the Hudson's Bay Company and its autocratic Chief Factor, James Douglas. Indeed, prior to Blanshard's appointment, there had been serious consideration given by the colonial office to appointing Douglas governor, but concerns over conflict of interest prevented it.
Blanshard arrived to a colony in which the land had been given as a ten-year lease to the Hudson's Bay Company, with Douglas given a mandate to attract settlement. Almost the entire non-First Nations population were Company employees, answerable to Douglas, and Blanshard was prevented from setting up a colonial assembly by the fact that so few of them met the qualifications of electors, i.e., land ownership. Inevitable jurisdictional conflicts arose between Douglas and Blanshard, and the colonial office, too, took Blanshard to task for indiscriminate retributions taken against the First Nations population near present-day Port Hardy. The absence of any real power, combined with health concerns and the enormous cost of living drove Blanshard to resign; he abandoned the colony in September 1851 after just one and a half years there.
Blanshard evidently did not pursue further colonial service. He married and inherited his family's estates in Essex and Hampshire. He died in London at the age of 76.

## Places named for Blanshard

* Mount Blanshard, part of a group of sugarloaf-type peaks commonly known as the Golden Ears, is located in Golden Ears Provincial Park in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains, immediately north of Maple Ridge, British Columbia.
* The Blanshard River is a tributary of the Tatshenshini River, near the British Columbia–Yukon border.
* Blanshard Island is located among the Gulf Islands northeast of the City of Victoria.
* Blanshard Street is a major thoroughfare in downtown Victoria, running northwards from the north end of Beacon Hill Park to join with Highway 17 just past the Victoria–Saanich boundary.
* A large provincial government structure, The Richard Blanshard Building stands on the corner of Blanshard and Pandora Streets in Victoria.
# Tōya, Hokkaido

Tōya (洞爺村, Tōya-mura) was a village located in Abuta (Iburi) District, Iburi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.
As of 2004, the village had an estimated population of 2,221 and a density of 19.54 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 113.69 km$^2$.
On March 27, 2006, Tōya was merged with the town of Abuta (also from Abuta (Iburi) District) to create the new town of Tōyako.
The locality has yearly Gap Year volunteers from the UK sent by the organization Project Trust, that worked with the local Board of Education to help teach English to the local residents, both old and young. They teach evening classes for the adults and participate in lessons at all the schools locally, ranging from nursery to high school.
# Burning Valley

Burning Valley is a 1953 coming-of-age novel by the American writer Phillip Bonosky set in the steel valley of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during the 1920s. It was originally published in the Communist Party publication Masses and Mainstream. In 1998 it was reprinted as part of the series "The Radical Novel Reconsidered" by the University of Illinois Press.
The novel tells the story of Benedict Bulmanis, son of an immigrant Lithuanian steelworker, who feels called to the Roman Catholic priesthood, but is torn by local political events as steelworkers struggle to organize in the face of corporate expansion. Banks and millowners plan to clear land in the Monongahela River Valley for a new steel mill, but it means forcing workers from their homes. This expansion and technological upgrading will increase production but lay off thousands. The workers and homeless rebel, in an echo of the Steel strike of 1919, and young Benedict must choose sides.
# Doora, Agra

Doora is a village in the Kiraoli Tehsil of Agra district, Uttar Pradesh, India with a total population of 7,465 as of 2011.

## Location

Doora has the census location code of 124774. The village is in the Kiraoli Tehsil of Agra district, Uttar Pradesh. The nearest town is Kiraoli. The village is administered by an elected Sarpanch, or village head, who represents the village.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census there were 1,188 families in the village. The total population was 7,465, or which 3,995 were male and 3,470 female. There were 1,276 children aged up to six years old, or about 17%. The average sex ratio was 869, and the child sex ratio was 800, lower than the state averages of 912 and 902.
Literacy was 71.06% compared to 67.68% in Uttar Pradesh as a whole. 86.28% of males were literate and 53.84 of females. 24.7% of the population were of Scheduled Castes. There were no members of Scheduled Tribes. 2,240 of the population worked, of whom 1,082 worked full-time and the others worked for less than six months per year. 396 owned or co-owned farmland and 188 were agricultural laborers.
# Dave Palmer (keyboardist)

Dave Palmer is an American session keyboardist native to Texas and living in Ojai, California. Palmer has toured, performed, or recorded with Air, Fiona Apple, Seal, Chris Isaak, Joe Henry, Bobby Previte, Wayne Horvitz, Fleetwood Mac, Ponga, Critters Buggin, MC 900 Ft. Jesus, Aimee Mann, Solomon Burke, Turin Brakes, Cake, Lindsey Buckingham, Tegan and Sara, and Avenged Sevenfold.
Palmer is a member of the Denton, Texas and Los Angeles, California-based Earl Harvin Trio. In 2006 Palmer released the solo album Romance.
Reviewer Glenn Astarita considers Palmer a "top-notch acoustic jazz pianist".

## Selected discography

* Strange Happy, Earl Harvin and Dave Palmer (1997)
* Live at the Gypsy Tea Room, Earl Harvin Trio (1999)
* Unincorporated, Earl Harvin Trio (2001)
* The Jam, Fred Hamilton & the Earl Harvin Trio (DVD, 2005)
* Romance (2006)
# Bathelium carolinianum

Bathelium carolinianum is a species of crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in the eastern United States.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1858 by American lichenologist Edward Tuckerman. His diagnosis of the new species was as follows (translated from Latin): "Trypethelium carolinianum, new species, with a crustaceous, smooth, and wax-like thallus turning from green to brownish, with warts that are depressed to somewhat hemispherical, confluent, of irregular shape, and somewhat anastomosing, turning deep brown to blackish, with a yellow stroma, perithecia that are ovoid, thin, and black, and ostioles that are papillate and black." The species epithet carolinianum refers to the type locality, in Santee Canal, South Carolina, where Henry William Ravenel found it growing on tree trunks in 1851. Richard Harris transferred the species to the genus Bathelium in 1995.

## Description

Bathelium carolinianum features a greenish-brown thallus. Its dark brown perithecia cluster in pseudostroma, which is rich in yellow pigment. This lichen commonly thrives on smooth-barked hardwoods, notably the American holly. It does not react with any of the standard chemical spot tests.
Trypethelium virens is somewhat similar in appearance, but its pseudostromata are the same color as the thallus, and its pseudostroma does not have yellow pigment.

## Species interactions

One of the main characteristics of the lichen Bacidia thiersiana, widespread throughout southeastern North America and described as new to science in 2020, is its frequent occurrence on and near the thalli of Bathelium carolinianum. Etayoa trypethelii is a lichenicolous fungus that has been documented to infect Bathelium carolinianum; it does not visibly damage the thallus of its host.
# Athletics at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's discus throw F40

The Women's discus throw F40 event for les autres (athletes with dwarfism) was held at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in the Athens Olympic Stadium. It was won by Enna Ben Abidi, representing Tunisia.
24 Sept. 2004, 10:45
| Rank | Athlete | Result | Notes |
| | Enna Ben Abidi (TUN) | 27.08 | WR |
| | Afrah Gomdi (TUN) | 25.73 | |
| | Jill Kennedy (USA) | 19.23 | |
| 4 | Karen Mueller (GER) | 18.74 | |
| 5 | Petra Hoemmen (GER) | 17.61 | |
| 6 | Julie Iles (AUS) | 15.90 | |
| 7 | Kim Minett (GBR) | 15.02 | |
| 8 | Patricia Marquis (FRA) | 14.98 | |
# The Sucker Punch

The Sucker Punch is a 1954 thriller novel by the British writer James Hadley Chase, writing under the pen name Raymond Marshall. Set in Nice, France, an ambitious young man marries a wealthy woman he has no desire for, then plots to kill her for her money.

## Adaptation

In 1957 it was made into a French film A Kiss for a Killer directed by Henri Verneuil and starring Henri Vidal, Mylène Demongeot and Isa Miranda. The 1997 Indian thriller Aar Ya Paar also drew inspiration from the novel.
# Montgomery Pass, Nevada

Montgomery Pass is a mountain pass on U.S. Route 6 in Mineral County, Nevada. The pass is near the Nevada/California border in Inyo National Forest.
The populated place of Mount Montgomery is located east of the pass. Mount Montgomery was also known as Mt. Gomery and Summit. Mt. Gomery was a station on the Carson and Colorado Railway. In 1940, Montgomery had a service station, a store and a bar.
Nearby towns are Bishop and Bridgeport, California and Tonopah, Nevada. The nearest city is Carson City, Nevada, about 180 miles to the north.
There was a small casino near Montgomery Pass, but it burned down sometime before 2011.
# Willie Piazza

Willie Vincent Piazza (c. 1865 – November 2, 1932) was a sex worker and brothel proprietor in the Storyville area of New Orleans, United States, during that red light district's period of legal operation. From 1898 until the district's closure in 1917, Piazza worked as a madam and specialized in providing octoroon women for her clients; she herself was mixed-race.

## Early life

Little is known about Piazza's early life. Her parents, Italian immigrant Vincent Piazza and woman of colour, Celia Caldwell, were both still teenagers and unmarried at the time of her birth. Their daughter had at least two other siblings. Piazza was born in Copiah County, Mississippi and first moved to New Orleans in the mid-1890s.

## "Countess" Willie Piazza

Operating for a period of about twenty years, Piazza became known in Storyville for her brothel parlor. She was one of several women of mixed ancestry to operate brothels in the area, Lulu White being perhaps the most prominent. Purchasing her 317 N. Basin Street premises for $12,000 in 1907, she spent an additional $30,000 on furnishings and other upgrades; the brothel was immediately successful, allowing Piazza to pay off the mortgage within two years. Piazza's "girls" were known around New Orleans for their fine clothes, private coaches, and for their abilities to sing and play musical instruments; jazz pianist Jelly Roll Morton sometimes played her upright white piano. The average annual income for a Willie Piazza octoroon was thought to be $1,000-$2,000. Piazza herself became known as "Countess Willie Piazza" and cultivated an image of European sophistication. She used a “two foot ivory, gold and diamond” cigarette holder to smoke Russian cigarettes.
After the closure of Storyville in 1917, Piazza continued to work as a prostitute and procuress.
Piazza was one of the main characters (played by Virginia Mayo) in the 1978 Dennis Kane film French Quarter.

## Death

Willie Piazza died from cancer on November 2, 1932, in New Orleans. Due to careful investments, she reportedly left a significant estate.
# Buzzard baronets

The Buzzard Baronetcy, of Munstead Grange in the Parish of Godalming in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 25 June 1929 for the prominent physician Sir Farquhar Buzzard. He was Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford from 1928 to 1943 and Physician-in-Ordinary to King George V from 1932 to 1936. Buzzard was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baronet. He was a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy. As of 2007 the title is held by his eldest son, the third Baronet, who succeeded in 1972.

## Buzzard baronets, of Munstead Grange (1929)

* Sir (Edward) Farquhar Buzzard, 1st Baronet (1871–1945)
* Sir Anthony Wass Buzzard, 2nd Baronet (1902–1972)
* Sir Anthony Farquhar Buzzard, 3rd Baronet (born 1935)
The heir presumptive to the baronetcy is the nephew of the 3rd Baronet, Jonathan Mark Buzzard (born 1977).
# Buciegas

Buciegas is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 46.
# Pudachi Vadi

Pudachi Vadi, also known as Sambarvadi, is a deep-fried snack in the eastern parts of the Maharashtra state of India. The name refers to the fact that the snack is folded like a packet.

## Description

Pudachi vadi has an outer covering of Gram flour and is filled with a mixture that can include dried grated coconut, coriander, chili powder, onion, poppy seeds, and Indian spices. It is deep-fried and very crispy.
In the Vidarbha region, the snack tends to be sweet; in the Kolhapur region, it tends to be spicier.

## Availability

The dish is often made during winter, as that is when coriander is most available.
In Pune, pudachi vadi is available at Chitale Bandhu Mithaiwale. They have several shops in Pune including in Deccan Gymkhana and on Laxmi Road.
In Kolhapur, there are many places where you get Pudachi Vadi but the most famous place is Gruhini Vastu Bhandar. Gruhini has two branches in the city, one in Shahupuri and the other on Mahadwar Road.
# List of metropolitan areas in Switzerland

List of metropolitan areas in Switzerland. Switzerland has five metropolitan areas as defined by Swiss Federal Statistics Office:

## Metropolitan areas

* Basel metropolitan area
* Bern metropolitan area (Espace Mittelland)
* Geneva metropolitan area (≈ Grand Genève)
* Lausanne metropolitan area
* Zürich metropolitan area
# Battle of Konitsa

The Battle of Konitsa was a conflict of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949); between the Communist led Democratic Army of Greece and the Greek Army of the Kingdom of Greece. It was a failed initiative to capture the northwestern Greek town of Konitsa, in order to establish a capital for the Provisional Democratic Government; a rival authority to the recognized government in Athens. This was part of the communist "Operation Limnes" (Lakes) which aimed the capture of a major Greek town.

## Background

In March 1947, one year after the start of the Greek Civil War, the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE), founded and mainly supported by the Greek Communist Party, mainly controlled some mountainous pockets in Northern Greece and Peloponnese. It commanded an army of 13,000 troops with limited support by former ELAS fighters and an unknown network of civilians mainly in towns and villages throughout Greece. At the same time, the spearhead of the former People's Greek Liberation Army (ELAS), ca. 100.000 people were imprisoned or exiled in small islands. By mid-1947, the force of DSE had grown to 23,000 in battalions, regiments and brigades formed after the ex-ELAS structure with 1 General HQ in the North and 3 Regional HQs in the rest of the country. A provisional government was founded as the counterpart of the recognized government of Athens, and gain the silent support of the Socialist governments in Bulgaria, Albania and Yugoslavia.
However, DSE did not manage to control any major cities, and DSE High Staff, decided to make the town of Konitsa, 8 miles from the Albanian border, the capital of the Democratic Provisional Government. If DSE could control a major city with a considerable area, they could still hope for the recognition of a northern Greek Communist State by the Soviet Union and other communist countries.

## Battle

The townspeople of Konitsa, contrary to Vafiadis' expectations, sided with the Athens government and fortified their town against DSE, fighting alongside the government army. To this, helped also the "scorched earth" policy of the Governmental Army in the areas around major towns, that was emptying all villages from their inhabitants, bringing them into fortified towns and calling them "refugees due to guerilla activity" (συμμοριόπληκτοι).
DSE attacked the bridge of Bourazani spanning the Aoos River, to cut off government forces in the regional capital Ioannina from the town. The government flew in troops in DC-3s provided by civilian airliners.
Despite the assistance of 105mm artillery provided by Albania, the communists were defeated. During the battle, Queen Frederica visited the town, welcomed by colonel Dovas.

## Aftermath

The government army, totaling 200,000 strong (8 divisions and 3 independent brigades), with artillery, armor, aircraft and Anglo-American assistance, far outnumbered DSE forces.
# Athletics at the 1971 Pan American Games – Men's 50 kilometres walk

The men's 50 kilometres walk event at the 1971 Pan American Games was held in Cali on 3 August.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Larry Young | United States | 4:38:36 |
| | Gabriel Hernández | Mexico | 4:38:46 |
| | John Kniften | United States | 4:42:15 |
| 4 | Rafael Vega | Colombia | 4:58:00 |
| 5 | Adalberto Scorza | Argentina | 5:07:29 |
| 6 | Marcel Jobin | Canada | 5:14:33 |
| 7 | Lucas Lara | Cuba | 5:28:30 |
| 8 | Eladio Campos | Mexico | 5:28:31 |
| 9 | Carlos Vanegas | Nicaragua | 5:40:15 |
| | Felix Cappella | Canada | DNF |
# Montreal Pats

The Montreal Pats were both a senior and junior ice hockey team in Montreal, Quebec.
The two teams were formed in the fall of 1941 and folded at the end of the season in spring 1942. Due to World War II the teams had difficulty in securing players.
The intention was to be the first ice hockey teams to represent the city's Irish community since the Montreal Shamrocks folded in 1912. The Montreal Pats entered teams in both the Quebec Senior Hockey League and the Junior Amateur Hockey Association; the senior team replaced the Montreal Concordia Civics.
The senior team finished sixth and last. The junior team finished fourth and last. Due to the difficulties of World War II the team was abolished in 1942.
# Bédarrides

Bédarrides (French pronunciation:; Provençal: Bedarrida) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

## Name

The settlement is attested as villa Betorrida in 814, Biturrita in 898, Bisturrita in 903, Beddurida in 908, and Bederrida in 1274.
# Abdal, Nebraska

Abdal is an extinct town in Nuckolls County, in the U.S. state of Nebraska.
A post office was established at Abdal in 1893, and remained in operation until 1902. The name Abdal is derived from Arabic.
# Lupton, Michigan

Lupton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Ogemaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population of the CDP was 318 at the 2020 census. Lupton is located mostly within Rose Township with a small portion extending south into Cumming Township.

## History

Lupton was settled as early as 1880 by several Quaker families from Ohio, including that of Emmor Lupton. The community was first known as Lane Heights and given a post office under the name Lane on April 11, 1881. A depot on the Detroit, Bay City and Alpena Railroad was opened in January 1893. The post office was renamed Lupton in June 1893. The post office name changed to Lupton on June 8, 1893.
The Lupton Schoolhouse was constructed from 1903–1904 and served Lupton as the Rose Township District No. 5 School. The two-room schoolhouse remained in operation until 1963. The site was dedicated as a Michigan State Historic Site on April 20, 1995.
The community of Lupton was listed as a newly-organized census-designated place for the 2010 census, meaning it now has officially defined boundaries and population statistics for the first time.
The post office remained in operation until it was discontinued on November 5, 2011. Although the community contains no post office, the Lupton 48635 ZIP Code remains active is now served by the Rose City post office.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of 3.26 square miles (8.44 km$^2$), of which 3.23 square miles (8.37 km$^2$) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km$^2$) (0.92%) is water.
The Rifle River flows through Lupton, and the Rifle River State Recreation Area is just to the south and use the Lupton ZIP Code.

### Climate

Climate data for Lupton 1S, Michigan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 56 (13) | 61 (16) | 87 (31) | 89 (32) | 96 (36) | 105 (41) | 102 (39) | 102 (39) | 98 (37) | 89 (32) | 75 (24) | 66 (19) | 105 (41) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 27.0 (−2.8) | 30.9 (−0.6) | 41.0 (5.0) | 54.4 (12.4) | 67.5 (19.7) | 76.9 (24.9) | 81.0 (27.2) | 79.1 (26.2) | 72.1 (22.3) | 57.7 (14.3) | 43.8 (6.6) | 32.5 (0.3) | 55.3 (12.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 18.5 (−7.5) | 19.9 (−6.7) | 29.1 (−1.6) | 41.7 (5.4) | 53.9 (12.2) | 63.2 (17.3) | 67.4 (19.7) | 65.7 (18.7) | 58.3 (14.6) | 46.3 (7.9) | 35.1 (1.7) | 25.1 (−3.8) | 43.7 (6.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 10.0 (−12.2) | 8.9 (−12.8) | 17.2 (−8.2) | 29.0 (−1.7) | 40.2 (4.6) | 49.5 (9.7) | 53.8 (12.1) | 52.3 (11.3) | 44.6 (7.0) | 35.0 (1.7) | 26.4 (−3.1) | 17.7 (−7.9) | 32.1 (0.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −34 (−37) | −41 (−41) | −29 (−34) | −4 (−20) | 17 (−8) | 25 (−4) | 30 (−1) | 26 (−3) | 20 (−7) | 11 (−12) | −12 (−24) | −25 (−32) | −41 (−41) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.83 (46) | 1.58 (40) | 1.94 (49) | 3.11 (79) | 3.49 (89) | 3.80 (97) | 3.52 (89) | 3.33 (85) | 2.90 (74) | 3.28 (83) | 2.49 (63) | 2.14 (54) | 33.41 (849) |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# David George Hitlin

David George Hitlin (born 15 April 1942) is a professor at the California Institute of Technology, specializing in experimental particle physics.
He was educated at Columbia University, where he received his B.A. in 1963, and Ph.D. in 1968.
In 1986 he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society for contributions to the study of weak decays of K mesons, particularly measurements of CP violating parameters and form factors, and for measurements of hadronic states produced in the decay of the psi meson and detailed studies of the weak decays of charmed particles". In 2016 he was awarded their Panofsky Prize "for leadership in the BABAR and Belle experiments, which established the violation of CP symmetry in B meson decay, and furthered our understanding of quark mixing and quantum chromodynamics." His co-awardees were Drs. Jonathan Dorfan, Fumihiko Takasaki, and Stephen L. Olsen.
# Daniel Welch

Daniel Welch may refer to:
* Daniel Welch (ice hockey) (born 1981), American professional ice hockey player
* Daniel Welch (racing driver) (born 1982), British auto racing driver
* Danny Welch, American biologist
# The Third Round (novel)

The Third Round is the third Bulldog Drummond novel. It was published in 1924 and written by H. C. McNeile under the pen name Sapper.

## Premise

Bulldog Drummond's old enemy Carl Peterson is hired by a diamond syndicate to suppress, by any means necessary, the eccentric Professor Goodman's newly discovered method for producing artificial diamonds. While accepting the syndicate's money, Peterson secretly plans to obtain the method for his own use. Drummond is drawn into the matter because his friend Algy Longworth happens to be engaged to the professor's daughter.