OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Millar v Taylor

Millar v Taylor (1769) 4 Burr. 2303, 98 ER 201 is an English court decision that held there is a perpetual common law copyright and that no works ever enter the public domain. It represented a major victory for the bookseller monopolies.

## Facts

Andrew Millar was a bookseller who in 1729, had purchased the publishing rights to James Thomson's poem The Seasons. After the term of the exclusive rights granted under the Statute of Anne expired, Robert Taylor began publishing his own competing publication, which contained Thomson's poem.
Following the creation of the first statutory copyright law in 1710 (via the Statute of Anne), as rights belonging to an author (rather than to printers or publishers), the lapse of the Licensing Act 1662 in 1695 and Parliament's refusal to renew the licensing regime (1695), the practice of the English publishing oligopoly had not changed much. Though the purpose of the new law was to break up the monopolies that had been created by the English Crown – which had served, in part, as a basis for the previous English Civil War – there had been relatively little success in weakening the hold of the Stationers' Company over the publishing industry. Despite the Statute of Anne's changes to the statutory law, some publishers continued to claim perpetual publishing rights under common law. Starting in the 1740s, London booksellers presented that argument in a series of court cases, after they had failed to convince Parliament to extend the statutory term of copyright.

## Judgment

The Court of the King's Bench, led by Lord Mansfield (with Aston and Willes JJ concurring in judgment, Sir Joseph Yates dissenting), sided with the publishers, finding that common law rights were not extinguished by the Statute of Anne. Under Mansfield's ruling, the publishers had a perpetual common law right to publish a work for which they had acquired the rights. Thus, no amount of time would cause the work to pass to the public. The ruling essentially found that some works would have a perpetual term of copyright, by holding that when the statutory rights granted by the statute expired, the publisher was still left with common law rights to the work. Although this would greatly extend the control of the rights holder this would not extinguish the public domain since there would still be works unaffected by the ruling, and the public domain extends to unprotected elements in protected works. Millar died shortly after the ruling, and it was never appealed.
As an English court, however, the court's decision did not extend to Scotland, where a reprint industry continued to thrive. The existence of a common-law copyright, however, was later rejected by a Scottish court in Hinton v Donaldson. Perpetual copyright was ultimately resolved against the London publishing monopolies in the landmark case of Donaldson v Beckett. Despite being overturned, the case of Millar v Taylor remains an important case in the development and history of copyright law.
# Maurice Kennedy

Maurice Kennedy may refer to:
* Maurice Kennedy (politician) (1884–1939), Australian politician
* Maurice Kennedy (rugby league) (born 1988), Fijian rugby league footballer
# Boustead Institute

Boustead Institute was a building located at the junction of Tanjong Pagar Road and Anson Road in Singapore which initially served as a hostel for seamen. It later housed the Toby's Paradise bar, and was demolished in the 1970s.

## History

The institute was completed in June 1892. The construction of the building was funded with the money wealthy businessman Edward Boustead bequeathed upon his death in 1888 to finance the construction of a building for the seamen. It was formally opened on 2 July by the governor of the Straits Settlements, Cecil Clementi Smith. The institute stood at the junction of Tanjong Pagar Road and Anson Road, and faced the Tanjong Pagar Police Station.
During the Japanese occupation of Singapore, the building was converted into the Harbour headquarters. By the end of the occupation, the building had been completely stripped. In 1946, the building was temporarily converted into a courthouse for minor war crimes. The War Crimes Court No. 2 was located on the institute's second floor while the War Crimes Court No. 7 was located on the institute's ground floor. The institute officially reopened on 1 May 1947. The building was renovated and redecorated in May 1951.
In 1958, the building was sold to Chan Wing Seng and his brother Chan Wing Fook. Following this, a bar, Toby, was established in the building. A year later, it became the Paradise bar. The building was demolished in the late 1970s to make way for port expansion works.
# Qayamat – A Love Triangle In Afghanistan

Qayamat is a 2003 Pakistani Urdu film directed by Sangeeta and stars Saima and Shaan.

## Plot

The story is set in 1979 when Afghanistan is invaded from the north by the former Soviet Union and a large number of Afghan refugees begin crossing over into Pakistan. One such caravan brings Saima to a land of political unrest. Deeba is Shaan's mother, and Saima is his fiancée. Amidst the ravages of war, Deeba and Saima lose Shaan and come to Pakistan. They camp in a small town on the Pak-Afghan border, the tribal chief of which used to frequent their hometown. The tribal chief's son, Moammar Rana, then falls in love with Saima. Meanwhile, the war is halted and Shaan comes to the shantytown looking for his mother and his fiancé. The Afghan war serves as a parallel to the ferocity witnessed between Moammar Rana and Shaan after that.

## Cast

* Moammar Rana
* Saima
* Shaan
* Nirma
* Rasheed Naz
* Deeba
* Shafqat Cheema
* Khushbu
* Irfan Khoosat
* This article related to a Pakistani film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Chichi Letswalo

Tebogo Chichi Letswalo (born 14 September 1981), is a South African television actress and presenter. She is best known for the roles in the television serials; Generations, Isithembiso and Lingashoni.

## Personal life

Letswalo was born on 14 September 1981 in Alexandra, Gauteng, a township outside Johannesburg, South Africa as the eldest in a family with three siblings. She completed education from Wendywood High School. She attended the Akademie vir Dramakuns for two years.
During an interview, she said, she wants to live alone, without a husband and kids.

## Career

She was selected as a presenter during the SABC3 reality program The Wedding Show held in the Rosebank Mall in Johannesburg in 2003. She co-presented the show with Ed Jordan. In 2007, she moved to New York and studied performing arts at the Michael Howard School of Film, Theatre and Television. After five year life at USA, she returned to South Africa in 2012. She also presented promotion programs such as; Ciao Cocktails and Handy Andy Homemaker show.
In 2014, she made television acting debut with the soapie Generations and played the role "Zandi Mbisi". Then she made minor roles in many soap operas such as e.tv. drama Backstage, the SABC1 drama Tshisa. In 2013, she joined with the show Zaziwa. In 2017, she joined with the recurring cast of the Mzansi Magic television soapie Isithembiso where she played the role "Claudia Kunene" in first two seasons. Then in 2019, she played the role "Dipuo Lesolle" in the serial Grassroots. In 2021, she joined with first season of the serial Lingashoni to play the role of "Mrs Mkhize".

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre |
| 1994 | Generations | Zandi Mbisi | TV series |
| 2006 | Tshisa | Bonnie Nkomo | TV series |
| 2013 | Zaziwa | Herself | TV series |
| 2017 | Isithembiso | Claudia Kunene | TV series |
| 2019 | Grassroots | Dipuo Lesolle | TV series |
| 2021 | Lingashoni | Mrs Mkhize | TV series |
# CUWS

CUWS may refer to:
* Cambridge University Wine Society
* Cambridge University Wireless Society
* Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
* Common Use Web Services
# Dolicholana

Dolicholana is a genus of isopod crustaceans. which was first described by Niel L. Bruce in 1986. The type species is Cirolana elongata Milne Edwards, 1840.
Australian states where Dolicholana species are found are Queensland and New South Wales. Beyond Australian waters species of this genus are found in the waters of Myanmar, and the Straits of Malacca.

## Species

Dolicholana includes the following species:
* Dolicholana brucei Paiva & Souza-Filho, 2015
* Dolicholana elongata (H. Milne Edwards, 1840)
* Dolicholana enigma Keable, 1999
* Dolicholana porcellana (Barnard, 1936)
# Brancaleoni

Brancaleoni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gentile Brancaleoni
* Giuseppe Soleri Brancaleoni (1750–1806), Italian painter
* Matteo Brancaleoni (born 1981), Italian contemporary pop/jazz singer, actor, and journalist
* Vincenzo Brancaleoni (died 1588), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
# Fastolf

Fastolf is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* John Fastolf (1380–1459), English knight
* Hugh Fastolf (died c.1392), English Member of Parliament
# Max Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow

Max Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow (formerly Sahara Hospital) is a tertiary care private hospital in Lucknow, capital city of Uttar Pradesh state of India. The hospital is owned by Max Healthcare.

## History

Established as Sahara Hospital, this was the project of Sahara India Medical Institute Limited, a subsidiary of Sahara Prime City Limited. It sits on a 27-acre (11 ha) campus at Lucknow's Gomti Nagar neighbourhood. It was designed by Mumbai-based architect Hafeez Contractor. The construction contract for the hospital building (set at ₹490 million (US$5.9 million)) was given to Larsen & Toubro. The total cost of the project was ₹4 billion (US$48 million), which also included the cost of medical equipment. Rising 70 metres (230 ft) and 19 floors, it was the tallest building in Lucknow when it opened.
The hospital was inaugurated on 12 February 2009 by Chhabi Roy, mother of founder and chairman of the Sahara India Pariwar Subrata Roy.
In 2023, Max Healthcare bought this hospital for ₹940 crore. In April 2024 after takeover from Max Healthcare, it was renamed as Max Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow.

## Services

Among the hospital's medical specialties are general surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, orthopedics, neurology and nephrology. There are two separate departments for oncology: the Department of Surgical Oncology, and the Department of Medical Oncology. The hospital started a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation programme in 2011. Among other specialty services are cardiology, physiotherapy and sports medicine, and transfusion medicine. The hospital has equipment for cardiac monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography.
The hospital is the first medical centre in Uttar Pradesh to perform a successful elbow transplant and endoscopic cervical plate placement. Patients admitted in the 'critical care area' of the hospital can be monitored by the internet protocol cameras. In addition to physicians, this remote monitoring facility is provided to the relatives of patients, so that hygiene and sterility of such areas can be maintained.
# Lord Percy

Lord Percy is the name of:
* Baron Percy created firstly in 1066, a title associated though not exclusively with the Earls of Northumberland and their predecessors
* Earl Percy, a subsidiary title of the Duke of Northumberland used as a courtesy by the Duke's heir
* Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle (1887–1958), British diplomat
* Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (1742-1817), British general during the American Revolutionary War.
* Lord Percy Percy, fictional character in the British comedy series, Blackadder
* Lord Henry Percy (1817–1877), VC KCB (22 August 1817 – 3 December 1877) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces
* Lord Josceline Percy (1811–1881)
* Lord Algernon Percy (1851–1933), British career soldier and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1882 to 1887
* Lord Percy Seymour
# Megachile minutuloides

Megachile minutuloides is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Alfken in 1936.
# CUX

CUX, Çûx, or cux may refer to:
* CUX, a brand of motorcycles made by Super Soco
* Cuicatec language, spoken in Oaxaca state, Mexico, by ISO 639 code
   * Tepeuxila Cuicatec language, by ISO 639-3 code
* Cuddihy Field, a private-use airport in Corpus Christi, Texas, US; see List of airports in Texas
* CUX, the vehicle plate area code for Cuxhaven District, Lower Saxony, Germany; see Vehicle registration plates of Germany#List of Area Codes
* Çûx, the Kurdish name for Aydınlar, Yayladere, a village in Turkey
* Cuxton railway station, a train station in Cuxton, Kent, England, UK
# Dolichol monophosphate mannose

Dolichol monophosphate mannose is a chemical compound involved in glycosylation.
# Plug-in electric vehicles in Montana

As of January 2022, there were about 2,900 electric vehicles (including plug-in hybrid vehicles) in Montana, equivalent to 0.18% of all light-duty vehicles in the state.

## Government

As of March 2022, the state government charges the same annual registration fees for gasoline-powered and electric vehicles.

## Charging stations

As of April 2022, there were 80 public charging stations in Montana.
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, signed into law in November 2021, allocates US$42.9 million to charging stations in Montana.
As of 2022, the state government plans to build "alternative fuel corridors", with charging stations located at least every 50 miles (80 km), along I-15, I-90, I-94, US-2, and US-93.

## By region
### Missoula

The Missoula and Missoula County governments have requested that the state government designate US-12, MT-83, and MT-200 as alternative fuel corridors, in addition to the existing designated highways.
# Brancatherulum

Brancatherulum is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian - Tithonian) mammal from the Tendaguru Formation of Lindi Region of Tanzania. It is based on a single toothless dentary 21 mm in length. It is currently considered either a stem-zatherian or dryolestidan.
# Millipore

Millipore may refer to:
* Millipore Corporation, a biosciences company acquired by Merck Group in 2010
* MilliporeSigma, former name of Sigma-Aldrich
* Merck Millipore, deprecated brand name used by Merck Group after Millipore acquisition
# Maxine Paetro

Maxine Paetro is an American author who has been published since 1979. Paetro has collaborated with best-selling author James Patterson on the Women’s Murder Club novel series and standalone novels.

## Biography

From 1975 until 1987, Paetro was a recruiter and EVP creative department manager at several large New York City advertising agencies. In 1979, Paetro published her first book, How to Put Your Book Together and Get a Job in Advertising, which received its fourth revision in August 2010. This non-fiction work has been described as “the advertising industry bible and ultimate insider's guide to getting in and getting noticed".
Between 1986 and 1992, she published three novels: Manshare, Baby Dreams, and Windfall. In 1993, she collaborated with Dodd Darin to write the biography Dream Lovers: The Magnificent Shattered Lives of Bobby Darin and Sandra Dee.
In 2005, she began the first of more than thirty collaborations with best-selling author James Patterson, co-writing 4th of July for the Women’s Murder Club series. Paetro explains in an interview that she and Patterson (who had also worked in advertising before becoming a full-time writer) had known each other since the 1970s. According to British newspaper The Sunday Times, of authors with the most titles to be at number one on The Sunday Times bestseller list over the past forty years, she ranks #16 with eleven separate titles in the #1 position.
Her garden, Broccoli Hall, has been featured in national magazines including House & Garden, Victoria, Country Garden and Country Homes. Broccoli Hall is on the Garden Conservancy Open Days Program.
In 2008, Paetro began a project to refine and develop a unique variety of koi known as Ki Shusui. The project developed a cult following and continues to this day. Her exploits can be followed on Koiphen, the largest board for koi hobbyists.
Paetro is married to former surety bond executive, John A. Duffy, the now founder and CEO of consulting company, Manhattan Bridge, LLC.
# Lord Peter

Lord Peter is a collection of short stories featuring Lord Peter Wimsey. First published in 1972 (ISBN 0-380-01694-X), it includes all the short stories about Lord Peter written by Dorothy L. Sayers, most of which were published elsewhere soon after they were written, and some related writings.

## Contents

* Introduction, by James Sandoe
* Twelve stories which constituted Lord Peter Views the Body (1928)
** "The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers"
** "The Entertaining Episode of the Article in Question"
** "The Fascinating Problem of Uncle Meleager's Will"
** "The Fantastic Horror of the Cat in the Bag"
** "The Unprincipled Affair of the Practical Joker"
** "The Undignified Melodrama of the Bone of Contention"
** "The Vindictive Story of the Footsteps That Ran"
** "The Bibulous Business of a Matter of Taste"
** "The Learned Adventure of the Dragon's Head"
** "The Piscatorial Farce of the Stolen Stomach"
** "The Unsolved Puzzle of the Man with No Face"
** "The Adventurous Exploit of the Cave of Ali Baba"
* Four stories from Hangman's Holiday (1933)
** "The Image in the Mirror"
** "The Incredible Elopement of Lord Peter Wimsey"
** "The Queen's Square"
** "The Necklace of Pearls"
* Two stories from In the Teeth of the Evidence (1939)
** "In the Teeth of the Evidence"
** "Absolutely Elsewhere"
* Three later stories also collected in Striding Folly (1972)
** "Striding Folly"
** "The Haunted Policeman"
** "Talboys"
* Coda: "Sayers, Lord Peter and God", by Carolyn Heilbrun
* Codetta: "Greedy Night, A Parody", by E. C. Bentley

## Sources

* Sayers, Dorothy L. Lord Peter: A Collection of All the Lord Peter Wimsey Stories. New York: Harper & Row (ISBN 0060137886, ISBN 978-0-06-013787-8), 1972.
* This article about a collection of mystery short stories published in the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The Woe Betides

The Woe Betides are an English rock band, formed in London in 2008 by Simon Mastrantone and Grundy le Zimbra.
The band's music incorporates a variety of styles, including art rock, grunge, psychedelic pop, anti-folk, punk rock and electronica.
Their debut EP Play Dead was released in 2009 by Songs in the Dark records and to critical acclaim. Artrocker magazine called the band "skronky" and described them as being "resolutely lo-fi, DIY, rough around the edges and all the better for it" while NME called the band "Enthralling... deft puppet-masters of Indie."
While initially performing as a two-piece band, the founding members were joined in 2009 by drummer Colonel Sexlife and toured extensively throughout the UK in 2009 and 2010. The Colonel later left the group in 2011.
The band released their debut album Never Sleep in October 2010. The band built upon their grounding in lo-fi pop and experimentalism, incorporating more live drums and developing a heavier, bombastic approach to production. Never Sleep was warmly received by the music press, with compliments ranging from "clever, experimental and poppy" to "an intriguing mash-up of grunge, pop and squidgy electronica".

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Year | Album |
| 2009 | Play Dead EP Released: 31 January 2009 Label: Songs in the Dark Formats: CD, Digital Download |
| 2010 | Never Sleep Released: 25 October 2010 Label: Songs in the Dark Formats: CD, Digital Download |

### Singles

| Year | Title |
| 2009 | "NatWest Tower" Released: 14 December 2009 Label: Songs in the Dark Formats: Digital Download |
| 2010 | "Sylvia" Released: 31 May 2010 Label: Songs in the Dark Formats: Vinyl, Digital Download "This Head, This Heart" Released: 11 October 2010 Label: Songs in the Dark Formats: Digital Download |
# Megachile ventralis

Megachile ventralis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, or "leafcutter bees". It was described by Smith in 1860.
# Ada Township, Dickey County, North Dakota

Ada is a township in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. Its population during the 2020 Census was 29, down from 60 in 2000. Its population in 1900 was 232.

## History

Ada Township was first settled in the early 1880s. Originally part of Weston Township, which at the time covered two survey townships in Townships 129 and 130N, Range 61W. Ada was organized around 1900 from the southern of the two townships and the northern one was renamed Kent Township.
The village of Silverleaf, built in 1887, is located 7 miles east of Ellendale, and was once the major population center in the township. The town reported around 25 residents in the late 1910s, and never seemed to exceed more than 50. It is little more than a ghost town today.
The village served a flag station for the Great Northern Railroad. Two conflicting stories exist over the origin of the name. Some say it is for the silverberry bushes found in the area, but others attribute the naming to a joke played by an early settler, Dan Keenan. Keenan reportedly removed the label from a tin of "Silverleaf" lard and nailed it to a boxcar parked at the station.

## Notable person

John E. Skogland (1879 – 1940) was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1925 to 1926.
# Dominican Republic at the 1999 Pan American Games

The 13th Pan American Games were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from July 23, 1999 to August 8, 1999.

## Medals
### Gold
##### Weightlifting

* Women's Heavyweight (– 75 kg): Wanda Rijo

### Silver
##### Weightlifting

* Women's Light-Heavyweight (– 69 kg): Miosotis Heredia

##### Karate

* Women's Kumite (+ 60 kg): Katty Acevedo

##### Taekwondo

* Men's Lightweight (– 68 kg): Luis Benítez

### Bronze
##### Judo

* Men's Extra-Lightweight (– 60 kg): Juan Jacinto
* Women's Half-Middleweight (– 63 kg): Eleucadia Vargas

##### Taekwondo

* Men's Heavyweight (+ 80 kg): Danny Vizcaino

##### Weightlifting

* Women's Middleweight (– 63 kg): Sención Quezada
* Women's Flyweight (– 48 kg): Guillermina Candelario