OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark XVI

Mark XVI or Mark 16 often refers to the 16th version of a product, frequently military hardware. "Mark", meaning "model" or "variant", can be abbreviated "Mk."
Mark XVI or Mark 16 may refer to:

## Technology

* De Havilland Mosquito B Mk XVI, the most numerous Mosquito bomber variant with 1,200 built
* De Havilland Mosquito PR Mk XVI, a photo-reconnaissance variant
* Vickers Wellington C Mk XVI, a service conversion into an unarmed transport aircraft
* Supermarine Spitfire Mk XVI (1943); identical to Spitfire Mk IX but with a licence-built Packard Merlin engine
* Supermarine Spitfire F Mk 16; high speed Griffon-powered conversion of the Spitfire Mk XIV — two built
* Bristol Hercules Mk XVI, a British 14-cylinder, 1675 hp radial aircraft engine
* Bristol Taurus Mk XVI, a British 14-cylinder, 1130 hp radial aircraft engine
* Mark 16 6-inch/47-caliber gun, US naval gun in triple mount configuration, used on light cruisers
* Mark 16 torpedo (1945), common US Navy submarine anti-shipping torpedo in service until the mid-1970s
* 5"/54 caliber Mark 16 gun (1945), an American deck gun used by Japanese and US naval forces in the 1950s
* Mark 16 nuclear bomb (1954); a large, experimental American weapon design that used cryogenic liquid deuterium as fusion fuel
* QF 4 in (102 mm L/45) Mark XVI, a British naval quick-firing gun
* CP Mk.XVI, a mounting for the BL 6 in L/45 Mark XII naval gun
* Mark XVI, a British moored naval contact mine for laying in 100 fathoms or less
* Colt Mk16 Mod 4 automatic cannon, derived from the Hispano-Suiza HS.404 for boats of the Mobile Riverine Force in Vietnam
* Mk-16, a launcher for the naval RGM-84 Boeing Harpoon missile
* FN SCAR-L, Mk 16 Mod 0, a 5.56mm assault rifle used by US Special Operations

## Other uses

* Mark 16 or Mark XVI, the 16th and final chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible
* International Watch Company (IWC) Mark XVI, an automatic Pilot's watch introduced in 2006.
# Castellers de Barcelona

Castellers de Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation:) is a team of castellers from Barcelona founded in 1969.
It is the first team to be founded outside the traditional area of human towers and the 5th team ever founded. Their first public display was 8 June 1969 in Vendrell. Their shirt is red, and their most important appointment is the closest Sunday to Dia de la Mercè (24 September), in Plaça Sant Jaume. In 2000, the group received the Medal of Honor of Barcelona and two years later (December 3, 2002), for its castellera and civic trajectory, the Castellers of Barcelona were distinguished with the Cross of St. George Award by the Generalitat of Catalonia.
They have crowned almost all the human towers on the range of eight stories and the basic ones of nine. The best human towers crowned by the team are: 5 of 8, 4 of 8 with the needle, 3 of 9 with extra base, 4 of 9 with extra base, 7 of 8 and the pillar of 7 with extra base.
They have received the following awards: the Creu de Sant Jordi of Generalitat de Catalunya, the Medal of Honor of Barcelona and the Sant Martí award from the Sant Martí (district) of Barcelona.
Founder Josep Sala Mañé died in April 2020 from coronavirus.
# Castellers de Berga

The Castellers de Berga (Catalan pronunciation:) are a colla castellera, or human tower team, based in Berga with members from throughout El Berguedà and beyond. They were founded in 2012. Their shirt is navy blue. To date, the Castellers de Berga have achieved high-range seven-level constructions and on October 1, 2016, they achieved their first eight-level castell.

## History

Although El Berguedà is not a region where castells are traditionally built, in 2011 a group of people from Berga (many of whom had experience participating in university teams) decided to create a new colla based in the town. Their first performance was on May 1, 2012, and their so-called "baptism"—their first official performance with colored shirts—was on July 7 of the same year. After building only six-level constructions their first year, the colla moved on to seven-level castells in 2013. In 2016, they began to practice eight-level castells.
In 2015, the colla appeared extensively in the news documentary program Welt Spiegel on German public television. The program associated the tradition of castells with the Catalan independence movement.
The Castellers de Berga have been based in a series of different buildings, including a school and a garage in Berga and a theatre in Cal Rosal, a former industrial colony a few miles south of Berga. However, in 2015 they moved to the Cinema Catalunya, a historic movie theatre on the main street in Berga's old town.
In 2016, the Castellers de Berga achieved their first eight-level castell at the bi-annual castell competition in Tarragona, where they were the newest colla to participate.

## Calendar

The Colla organizes a series of castell performances, or diades, in Berga each year. Their principal performance is the Diada dels Quatre Fuets, held in Berga's main square (the Plaça Sant Pere) the weekend before the Patum festival. They also build castells on May 1 for the May Day fair held every year in Berga, and they organize a diada in the beginning of July to mark the anniversary of the colla's baptism. Finally, in October they perform in Berga as part of the town's annual Festa del Bolet, or mushroom festival.
In order to raise money for their activities and to encourage group cohesion, the Castellers de Berga also organize a series of cultural activities each year, including a craft fair, an urban obstacle course or concerts.
# Castellazzo Novarese

Castellazzo Novarese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Novara.
Castellazzo Novarese borders the following municipalities: Briona, Casaleggio Novara, Mandello Vitta, and Sillavengo.
# Castellau

Castellau ("fortifications"; alternate: Castella) is a hamlet, with a country house of the same name in the community of Llantrisant, in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales. Historically, it lies within the parish of Llantrisant, just north-west of Beddau. It is connected with the history of the Trahernes. In 1988, Ysgol Castellau became the first Welsh medium education school to open in the southeast within new buildings.

## Geography

After crossing the Rhondda, the road rises out of the valley in a southerly direction nearly due south to Castellau. Castellau is located less than a mile north-west of Beddau. A forge was situated in a small valley, Darren Ddeusant, extending upwards by the mansion, Castellau House, into the hills to the north of Llantrisant. This hamlet contains some coal works, part of the produce of which is shipped for Ireland.

## History

While the name imports a fortified place, nothing is known of its history. It might have formed an outpost to the castle of Llantrisant. The Traherne family lived for several centuries at Castellau. They are descended through Sir George Herbert of Swansea, son of Sir Richard Herbert. It was later owned by a Mrs. Smith.

## Castellau

Built in the late Classical Regency style, Castellau probably predates 1807. The large two-storeyed house is a remodel from a 17th-century three-unit house. The interior has a semicircular staircase, square hall, bow-ended dining room, Ionic columns, marble chimneypiece, cast iron balustrade. The white house's exterior features bowed ends, a six-bay facade, central doorway, slate roof, cantilevered eaves, and a cast iron veranda.

## Chapel

Chapel Castellau Independent was built in 1842 or 1843 and a renovation occurred in 1877. It was not used only as a place of worship. In 1851, Joshua Evans of Cymmar was its minister while in 1865, Henry Oliver served as minister. The chapel is located 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the house; featuring angled pinnacles and transomed lancets, the interior has galleries on three sides and a polygonal pulpit.
# Carpenter fish

"Carpenter fish" is a term that was used by US Navy sonar operators in the late 20th century to describe sperm whales, referring to the evocative, hammer-like patterns of "clicks" used to communicate and echolocate. As early as 1965, marine biologist and bioacoustics researcher William N. Tavolga referred to the fact that sperm whales clicks had been often called "'carpenter' sounds." A later naval technical report in 1980 notes that "sperm whale click trains are called "'carpenter fish' sounds by Navy sonar-men." A 2008 marine bio-acoustics textbook likewise notes this term as slang among Navy sonar operators for many years. According to some authors, 19th-century whalers used this term as well, although there is little evidence that this was the case. Some authors state that whalers used the term to refer to sperm whales, while others write that it was used to refer to an anonymous, unknown species that produced such clicking sounds as heard through the hulls of wooden ships. It was common knowledge among American whalers and naturalists in the 19th century that sperm whales had ways of communicating danger across long distances. In his narrative of a whaling voyage from 1841, Francis Allyn Olmsted hypothesized that this alarm is sounded via a "flourish of [the whale's] flukes." The naturalist Thomas Beale infamously and erroneously wrote in 1839 that sperm whales were remarkably silent animals. In his comprehensive account of the state of cetology in the 19th century, Richard J. King finds no evidence of the term's use. He writes, "although the term 'carpenter fish' is often written, I've yet to find any nineteenth-century evidence by or about whalemen that actually uses this phrase of even mentions sounds through the hull."
# Mark Lothar

Mark Lothar [ló:tar] (born Lothar Hundertmark; 23 May 1902, in Berlin – 6 April 1985, in Munich) was a German composer.

## Life

From 1921 to 1926 he studied piano with Franz Schreker and Walther Carl Meiszner in Berlin and with Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari in Munich. Early on he became famous accompanying singers such as Erna Berger, Corry Nera, who in 1934 on became his wife, and Hermann Prey. In 1933 he was recruited as a music specialist for the German Theater by Max Reinhardt, since Lothar was a member of the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur, an antisemitic organization forming part of the Völkisch movement. One year later he became the musical director of the Prussian State Theater in Berlin thanks to Gustaf Gründgens. He held this position until 1944. During his tenure, he composed various pieces on behalf of Joseph Goebbels. In May 1938 his opera Tailor Wibbel, inspired by a play by Hans Müller-Schlösser, was performed at the Berlin State Opera. In August 1944, Adolf Hitler included in the Gottbegnadeten list, an exclusive list of artists exempt form military service.
Since 1945 he worked for the Bavarian state theater and since 1955 as free composer based in Munich.
He was also renown as a composer of theater and film music (e.g. form Friedemann Bach, Holiday in Tyrol and Faust by Gustaf Gründgens) and of songs to text from Hermann Löns, Hermann Hesse, Joachim Ringelnatz, Christian Morgenstern and other German poets.
His grave is located on the Solln Cemetery in Munich.

## Selected filmography

* The Devil and Circe (1921)
* The False Step (1939)
* Friedemann Bach (1941)
* Nora (1944)
* Keepers of the Night (1949)
* The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1950)
* The Great Temptation (1952)
* His Royal Highness (1953)
* Beloved Enemy (1955)
* Devil in Silk (1956)
* Regine (1956)
* And Lead Us Not Into Temptation (1957)
# Marking

Marking may refer to:

## Symbols

Marking may refer to human-made symbols and annotations in several contexts:

### On vehicles

* Aircraft marking
* Emergency vehicle equipment markings
** Battenburg markings, emergency vehicle patterns
* Vehicle markings of the United States military
* Police vehicle markings (US/Canada)
* Sail Class Markings, figures placed on the sail of sailing boats to mark the boat type
* Semi-trailer truck marking lights

### On other manufactured goods

* Card marking, altering playing cards in secret for use in magic tricks or cheating
* Conductor marking lights, power line markers
* Direct part marking, a process to mark parts with product information
* Photographic film markings
* Road surface marking, such as lines or words, or the stripes of a zebra crossing on a road surface
* UID-marking, permanent marking used by the US Department of Defense

### Other symbols

* Grading (education), evaluation of the performance of a student
* Lamb marking, a process of earmarking, castration and tail-docking of the lambs of domestic sheep
* Postal marking, annotation applied to a letter by a postal service
* Road surface marking, such as lines or words, or the stripes of a zebra crossing on a road surface
* Territorial marking, a behavior used by animals to identify their territory
* Trail blazing, marks in outdoor areas that indicate the direction of a trail
* The process of assigning priorities to objects of interest, for the purposes of targeting, surveillance or analysis
* Timber marking, selecting the trees to be cut in a forest stand by marking them with a marking axe

## Linguistics

* Marker (linguistics), a free or bound morpheme that indicates the grammatical function of the marked word, phrase, or sentence
* Markedness, the state of standing out as unusual or divergent in comparison to a more common or regular form

## People

* Havana Marking, British producer and director of documentary films

## Sports

* Marking (association football), assigning a defender to a certain offensive player:
** Man-to-man marking
** Zonal marking
* Mark (Australian football), the action of catching an airborne kicked ball in Australian rules football

## Other uses

* Animal markings, such as the spots of a leopard or horse markings
* Lamb marking, a process of earmarking, castration and tail-docking of the lambs of domestic sheep
* Jehovah's Witnesses "marking", withdrawing of close association from a congregant according to Thessalonians 3:14
* Sole markings, a type of sedimentary structure
* Trace evidence, in forensic science
* Vägmärken (Markings), a book by Dag Hammarskjold
# Casa Cristo

Casa Cristo is a house located in Encamp, Andorra. It is a heritage property registered in the Cultural Heritage of Andorra.
# Cascade Canyon

Cascade Canyon is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The canyon was formed by glaciers which retreated at the end of the last glacial maximum approximately 15,000 years ago. Today, Cascade Canyon has numerous polished glacial erratics, hanging cirques and a U-shape as evidences that demonstrate that glaciers once filled the canyon to a depth of at least 2,000 feet (610 m). Rock debris that was transported out of the canyon by glacial motion formed moraines which now impound the waters of Jenny Lake which is located at the base of the canyon. Cascade Creek now flows where the glaciers once did and the numerous waterfalls, such as the 100-foot (30 m) tall Hidden Falls, found within the gorge are popular destinations with tourists.
The canyon is immediately west of Jenny Lake. The Cascade Canyon Trail follows the length of the canyon and is one of the most heavily used hiking trails in the park. The canyon can be reached from the Jenny Lake campground after a level hike of 1.8 miles (2.9 km) along the Jenny Lake Trail, or by way of a scenic boat ride from the campground to the west shore of Jenny Lake. At the foot of the canyon it is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) to the junction of the north and south Cascade Canyon trails. From there, hikers have the option of heading north along the Lake Solitude Trail to Lake Solitude (another 2.8 miles (4.5 km) or south via the South Fork Cascade Canyon Trail to Hurricane Pass (5.1 miles (8.2 km). From Lake Solitude there are sweeping views of the Cathedral Group and Grand Teton. Just below Hurricane Pass, a small glacier known as Schoolroom Glacier can be reached via a short side trail. The canyon is situated between Grand Teton which is 13,770 feet (4,200 m) high to the south and several peaks over 11,000 feet (3,400 m) to the north. Steep cliffs descending from these peaks ensure that the high points to the north and south are not visible until one hikes considerable distance into the canyon.
Five miles (8 km) west of Jenny Lake the Cascade Canyon Barn is preserved. Built in 1935 by members of the Civilian Conservation Corps, the barn was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
* Hidden Falls
* Jenny Lake from Inspiration Point
* Looking down on Cascade Canyon
# Marta V. Martínez

Marta V. Martínez is a community program administrator, activist and historian in Providence, Rhode Island.
Martínez grew up in El Paso, Texas. Martínez graduated from Providence College in 1979 and from George Washington University with a master's degree in journalism in 1985.
Much of Martínez's work has centered around advocacy for, and documenting the history of, the Latinx community in Rhode Island. She was the first director of the Hispanic Social Services Association (HSSA) which, during her tenure, became the Center for Hispanic Policy and Advocacy CHisPA), one of two non-profit organizations in Rhode Island in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1988, Marta V. Martínez founded the Hispanic Heritage Committee. The committee developed into the non-profit organization, Rhode Island Latino Arts. Martínez remains with the organization to date, acting as chair until 2013 and becoming executive director thereafter.
Martínez established Nuestras Raíces: The Latino Oral History Project of Rhode Island in 1991 and Martínez's book, Latino History in Rhode Island (ISBN 9781540223531), in part a compilation of oral histories, was published in 2014.
Martínez has twice been named "Person to Watch" by the Providence Journal. She was also named artist-in-residence at Trinity Repertory Company in 2018, and she received an honorary degree from Providence College in 2019.
# Casey Luna

Casey E. Luna (born May 26, 1931) is an American politician, businessman, and racing driver who served as Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico from 1991 to 1995, under Governor Bruce King. He is also a businessman who formerly ran an automobile dealership in Belen, New Mexico.

## Biography

Luna was born on May 26, 1931, to Casimiro Luna and Ruby Armenta. He was born in Canon de Jemez (modern day Jemez Pueblo). His parents separated when Luna was roughly 13, and he attended Albuquerque High School, although he did not graduate. He worked as a bicycle delivery boy for Western Union, once personally delivering a telegram to Harry S. Truman in 1948. Also in 1948, he joined the United States Army and was trained as a medic. His automotive career began when he took a job at a car dealership in Albuquerque. He later filled in as a driver for a race car sponsored by the dealership, later winning the 1955 and 1956 track championships at Speedway Park in Albuquerque. He then owned a sprint car racing team, Casey Luna Ford, from 1985 to 1996. He also owned a car dealership, Casey Luna Ford-Mercury, now known as Melloy Ford.
In 1986, he mounted a bid to become Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico as a Democrat, but did not win. He ran again in 1990 and won, becoming Lieutenant Governor to Governor Bruce King. He was not included in King's advisory circle, which frustrated him.
In 1994, he challenged King in the Democratic gubernatorial primary, but lost. King would go on to lose the general election to businessman Gary Johnson. Luna left office on January 1, 1995, and was succeeded by Walter Bradley.
He has a wife, Beverly, whom he married in 1965, and at least one daughter. He was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer in 2019.
# Casey Loomis

Casey Loomis served in the United States Marine Corps during World War I. He would be awarded the Navy Cross, the Distinguished Service Cross, and the Silver Star.
His Navy Cross citation reads:
    The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Corporal Casey V. Loomis (MCSN: 83869), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while serving with the 73d Company, 6th Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, A.E.F. in action near Thiaucourt, France, 15 September 1918. During an enemy counterattack Corporal Loomis voluntarily left a sheltered position, and, in entire disregard of his own safety, set up his gun in the open under heavy enemy fire. By securing enfilading fire on the advancing enemy, he broke up the counterattack within one hundred yards of our line.
His Distinguished Service Cross citation reads:
    The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Corporal Casey V. Loomis (MCSN: 83869), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while serving with the Seventy-Third Company, Sixth Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, A.E.F., in action near Thiaucourt, France, 15 September 1918. During an enemy counterattack Corporal Loomis voluntarily left a sheltered position, and, in entire disregard of his own safety, set up his gun in the open under heavy enemy fire. By securing enfilading fire on the advancing enemy, he broke up the counterattack within one hundred yards of our line.
His Silver Star citation reads:
    By direction of the President, under the provisions of the act of Congress approved July 9, 1918 (Bul. No. 43, W.D., 1918), Corporal Casey V. Loomis (MCSN: 83869/120230), United States Marine Corps, is cited by the Commanding General, American Expeditionary Forces, for gallantry in action and a silver star may be placed upon the ribbon of the Victory Medals awarded him. Corporal Loomis distinguished himself by gallantry in action while serving with the 73d Company, 6th Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces, in action in Champagne Sector, French front, on 8 October 1918, north of St. Etienne, in inflicting heavy casualties on advancing enemy during counter-attack.
Loomis was born in Walhalla, North Dakota, his official residence was listed as Milwaukee, Wisconsin.