# Taxonomy of Anopheles

Anopheles is a genus of mosquitoes (Culicidae) with about 484 recognised species.

## Classification

The classification of this genus began in 1901 with Frederick Vincent Theobald. Despite the passage of time, the taxonomy remains incompletely settled. Classification into species is based on morphological characteristics - wing spots, head anatomy, larval and pupal anatomy, and chromosome structure, and more recently on DNA sequences.
The genus Anopheles belongs to a subfamily Anophelinae with three genera: Anopheles Meigen (nearly worldwide distribution), Bironella Theobald (Australia only: 11 described species) and Chagasia Cruz (Neotropics: four described species). The genus Bironella has been divided into three subgenera: Bironella Theobald (two species), Brugella Edwards (three species) and Neobironella Tenorio (three species). Bironella appears to be the sister taxon to the Anopheles, with Chagasia forming the outgroup in this subfamily.
The type species of the genus is Anopheles maculipennis.

### Subgenera

The genus has been subdivided into seven subgenera based primarily on the number and positions of specialized setae on the gonocoxites of the male genitalia. The system of subgenera originated with the work of Christophers, who in 1915 described three subgenera: Anopheles (widely distributed), Myzomyia (later renamed Cellia) (Old World) and Nyssorhynchus (Neotropical). Nyssorhynchus was first described as Lavernia by Theobald. Frederick Wallace Edwards in 1932 added the subgenus Stethomyia (Neotropical distribution). Kerteszia was also described by Edwards in 1932, but then was recognised as a subgrouping of Nyssorhynchus. It was elevated to subgenus status by Komp in 1937; this subgenus is also found in the Neotropics. Two additional subgenera have since been recognised: Baimaia (Southeast Asia only) by Harbach et al. in 2005 and Lophopodomyia (Neotropical) by Antunes in 1937.
One species within each subgenus has been identified as the type species of that particular subgenus:
* Subgenus Anopheles - Anopheles maculipennis Meigen 1918
* Subgenus Baimaia - Anopheles kyondawensis Abraham 1947
* Subgenus Cellia - Anopheles pharoensis Giles 1899
* Subgenus Kerteszia - Anopheles boliviensis Theobald 1905
* Subgenus Lophopodomyia - Anopheles squamifemur Antunes 1937
* Subgenus Nyssorhynchus - Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy 1827
* Subgenus Stethomyia - Anopheles nimbus Theobald 1902
Within the genus Anopheles are two main groupings, one formed by the Cellia and Anopheles subgenera and a second by Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia, and Nyssorhynchus. Subgenus Stethomyia is an outlier with respect to these two taxa. Within the second group, Kerteszia and Nyssorhynchus appear to be sister taxa. Cellia appears to be more closely related to the Kerteszia-Lophopodomyia-Nyssorhynchus group than to Anopheles or Stethomyia, tentatively suggesting the following branching order: ( Stethomyia ( Anopheles ( Cellia ( Lophopodomyia ( Kerteszia, Nyssorhynchus))))).
The number of species currently recognised within the subgenera is given here in parentheses: Anopheles (206 species), Baimaia (one), Cellia (239), Kerteszia (12), Lophopodomyia (six), Nyssorhynchus (34) and Stethomyia (five).
The subgenus Baimaia may be elevated to genus level, as it appears to be a sister group to Bironella and all other Anopheles.

### Divisions below subgenus

Taxonomic units between subgenus and species are not currently recognised as official zoological names. In practice, a number of taxonomic levels have been introduced. The larger subgenera (Anopheles, Cellia, and Nyssorhynchus) have been subdivided into sections and series, which in turn have been divided into groups and subgroups. Below subgroup but above species level is the species complex. Taxonomic levels above species complex can be distinguished on morphological grounds. Species within a species complex are either morphologically identical or extremely similar and can only be reliably separated by microscopic examination of the chromosomes or DNA sequencing. The classification continues to be revised.
The first species complex was described in 1926 when the problem of nontransmission of malaria by Anopheles gambiae was solved by Falleroni, who recognised that An. gambiae was a complex of six species, of which only four could transmit malaria. This complex has subsequently been revised to a total of seven species of which five transmit malaria.
Subgenus Nyssorhynchus has been divided in three sections: Albimanus (19 species), Argyritarsis (11 species) and Myzorhynchella (four species). The Argyritarsis section has been subdivided into Albitarsis and Argyritarsis groups.
The Anopheles group was divided by Edwards into four series: Anopheles (worldwide), Myzorhynchus (Palearctic, Oriental, Australasian and Afrotropical), Cycloleppteron (Neotropical) and Lophoscelomyia (Oriental); and two groups, Arribalzagia (Neotropical) and Christya (Afrotropical). Reid and Knight (1961) modified this classification by subdividing the subgenus Anopheles into two sections, Angusticorn and Laticorn and six series. The division was based on the shape of their pupal trumpets. The Laticorn section was created for those species with wide, funnel-shaped trumpets having the longest axis transverse to the stem, and the Angusticorn section for species with semitubular trumpets having the longest axis vertical more or less in line with the stem. The earlier Arribalzagia and Christya groups were considered to be series. The Angusticorn section includes members of the Anopheles, Cycloleppteron, and Lophoscelomyia series, and the Laticorn section includes the Arribalzagia (24 species), Christya, and Myzorhynchus series.
Cellia is the largest subgenus: all species within this subgenus are found in the Old World. It has been divided into six series - Cellia (eight species), Myzomyia (69 species), Neocellia (33 species), Neomyzomyia (99 species), Paramyzomyia (six species) and Pyretophorus (22 species). This classification was developed by Grjebine (in 1966), Reid (in 1968), and Gillies & de Meillon (also in 1968) based on the work by Edwards in 1932. Series definition within this subgenus is based on the cibarial armature - a collection of specialized spicules borne ventrally at the posterior margin of the cibarium - which was first used as a taxonomic method by Christophers in 1933.
Kerteszia is a small subgenus found in South America whose larvae have specific ecological requirements; these can only develop within water that accumulates at the base of the follicular axis of the epiphytic Bromeliaceae. Unlike the majority of mosquitoes, species in this subgenus are active during the day.
Within a number of species, separate subspecies have been identified. The diagnostic criteria and characteristic features of each subgenus are discussed on the own page.

### Species complexes

Anopheles nuneztovari is a species complex with at least one occurring in Colombia and Venezuela and another occurring in the Amazon Basin.

## Species listing

Species that have been shown to be vectors of human malaria are marked with a star (*) after the name.

### Subgenus Anopheles

    Anopheles anthropophagus Xu & Feng 1975
    Anopheles confusa
    Anopheles derooki Soesilo & Van Slooten 1931
    Anopheles gracilis Theobald 1905
    Anopheles hollandi Taylor 1934
    Anopheles obscura Tenorio 1975
    Anopheles papuae Swellengrebel & Swellengrebel de Graaf 1919
    Anopheles simmondsi Tenorio 1977
    Anopheles travestita Brug 1928
    Section Angusticorn
       Series Anopheles
          Anopheles algeriensis Theobald 1903
          Anopheles concolor Edwards 1938
          Anopheles marteri
             subspecies marteri
             subspecies sogdianus Keshishian
          Complex Claviger (Coluzzi et al. 1965)
             Anopheles claviger* Meigen 1804
             Anopheles petragnani Del Vecchio 1939
          Group Aitkenii (Reid & Knight, 1961)
             Anopheles aberrans Harrison & Scanlon 1975
             Anopheles acaci Baisas 1946
             Anopheles aitkenii James 1903
             Anopheles bengalensis Puri 1930
             Anopheles borneensis McArthur 1949
             Anopheles fragilis Theobald 1903
             Anopheles insulaeflorum Swellengrebel & Swellengrebel de Graaf 1919
             Anopheles palmatus Rodenwaldt 1926
             Anopheles peytoni Kulasekera Harrison & Amerasinghe 1989
             Anopheles pilinotum Harrison & Scanlon 1974
             Anopheles pinjaurensis Barraud 1932
             Anopheles stricklandi Reid 1965
             Anopheles tigertti Scanlon & Peyton 1967
          Group Alongensis (Phan et al. 1991)
             Anopheles alongensis Evenhuis 1940
             Anopheles cucphuongensis Phan, Manh, Hinh & Vien 1991
          Group Atratipes (Lee et al. 1987)
             Anopheles atratipes Skuse 1889
             Anopheles tasmaniensis Dobrowtorsky 1966
          Group Culiciformis (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles culiciformis Cogill 1903
             Anopheles sintoni Puri 1929
             Anopheles sintonoides Ho 1938
          Group Lindesayi (Reid & Knight 1961)
                Anopheles mengalengensis Ma 1981
                Anopheles nilgiricus Christophers 1924
                Anopheles wellingtonianus Alcock 1912
             Complex Gigas (Harrison et al. 1991)
                Anopheles baileyi Edwards 1923
                Anopheles gigas Giles 1901
                   subspecies crockeri Colless
                   subspecies danaubento Mochtar & Walandouw
                   subspecies formosus Ludlow
                   subspecies gigas Giles
                   subspecies oedjalikalah Nainggolan
                   subspecies pantjarbatu Waktoedi
                   subspecies refutans Alcock
                   subspecies simlensis James
                   subspecies sumatrana Swellengrebel & Rodenwaldt
             Complex Lindesayi (Harrison et al. 1991)
                Anopheles lindesayi Giles 1900
                   subspecies benguetensis King
                   subspecies cameronensis Edwards
                   subspecies japonicus Yamada
                   subspecies lindesayi Giles
                   subspecies pleccau Koidzumi
          Group Maculipennis (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles atropos Dyar & Knab 1906
             Anopheles aztecus Hoffmann 1935
             Anopheles lewisi Ludlow 1920
             Anopheles walkeri
             Complex Quadrimaculatus (Linton 2004)
                Anopheles diluvialis Reinert 1997
                Anopheles inundatus Reinert 1997
                Anopheles maverlius Reinert 1997
                Anopheles smaragdinus Reinert 1997
                Anopheles quadrimaculatus* Say 1824
             Subgroup Freeborni (Linton 2004)
                Anopheles earlei Vargas 1943
                Anopheles freeborni* Aitken 1939
                Anopheles hermsi Barr & Guptavanij 1989
             Subgroup Maculipennis (Linton 2004)
                Anopheles artemievi Gordeyev, Zvantsov, Goryacheva, Shaikevich & Yezhov
                Anopheles atroparvus* Van Thiel 1927
                Anopheles beklemishevi Stegnii & Kabanova 1976
                Anopheles daciae Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach 2004
                Anopheles labranchiae* Falleroni 1926
                Anopheles maculipennis
                Anopheles martinius Shingarev 1926
                Anopheles melanoon* Hackett 1934
                Anopheles messeae* Falleroni 1926
                Anopheles occidentalis Dyar & Knab 1906
                Anopheles persiensis Linton, Sedaghat & Harbach 2003
                Anopheles sacharovi* Favre 1903
                Anopheles sicaulti Roubaud 1935
                Anopheles subalpinus Hackett & Lewis 1935
          Group Plumbeus (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles arboricola Zavortink 1970
             Anopheles barberi Coquillett 1903
             Anopheles barianensis James 1911
             Anopheles fausti Vargas 1943
             Anopheles judithae Zavortink 1969
             Anopheles omorii Sakakibara 1959
             Anopheles plumbeus* Stegnii & Kabanova 1828
             Anopheles powderi Zavortink 1970
             Anopheles xelajuensis De Leon 1938
          Group Pseudopunctipennis (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles chiriquiensis Komp 1936
             Anopheles franciscanus McCracken 1904
             Anopheles hectoris Giaquinto-Mira 1931
             Anopheles tibiamaculatus Neiva 1906
             Anopheles eiseni Coquillett 1902
                subspecies eiseni Coquillett
                subspecies geometricus Corrêa
             Anopheles parapunctipennis* Martini 1932
                subspecies guatemalensis de Leon
                subspecies parapunctipennis Martini
             Anopheles pseudopunctipennis
                subspecies levicastilloi Levi-Castillo
                subspecies neghmei Mann
                subspecies noei Mann
                subspecies patersoni Alvarado & Heredia
                subspecies pseudopunctipennis Theobald
                subspecies rivadeneirai Levi-Castillo
          Group Punctipennis (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles perplexens Ludlow 1907
             Anopheles punctipennis Say 1823
             Complex Crucians (Wilkerson et al. 2004)
                Anopheles bradleyi King 1939
                Anopheles crucians Wiedemann 1828
                Anopheles georgianus King 1939
          Group Stigmaticus (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles colledgei Marks 1956
             Anopheles corethroides Theobald 1907
             Anopheles papuensis Dobrowtorsky 1957
             Anopheles powelli Lee 1944
             Anopheles pseudostigmaticus Dobrowtorsky 1957
             Anopheles stigmaticus Skuse 1889
       Series Cycloleppteron (Edwards 1932)
          Anopheles annulipalpis Lynch 1878
          Anopheles grabhamii
       Series Lophoscelomyia (Edwards 1932)
          Anopheles bulkleyi Causey 1937
          Group Asiaticus (Reid 1968)
             Anopheles annandalei Prashad 1918
             Anopheles noniae Reid 1963
             Subgroup Asiaticus (Rattanarithikul et al. 2004)
                Anopheles asiaticus Leicester 1903
             Subgroup Interruptus (Rattanarithikul et al. 2004)
                Anopheles interruptus Puri 1929
    Section Laticorn (Reid & Knight 1961)
       Series Arribalzagia (Root 1922)
          Anopheles anchietai Correa & Ramalho 1968
          Anopheles apicimacula Dyar & Knab 1906
          Anopheles bustamentei Galvao 1955
          Anopheles calderoni Wilkerson 1991
          Anopheles costai Da Fonseca & Da Silva Ramos 1939
          Anopheles evandroi Da Costa Lima 1937
          Anopheles fluminensis Root 1927
          Anopheles forattinii Wilkerson 1999
          Anopheles gabaldoni Vargas 1941
          Anopheles guarao Anduze & Capdevielle 1949
          Anopheles intermedius* Peryassu 1908
          Anopheles maculipes Theobald 1903
          Anopheles malefactor Dyar & Knab 1907
          Anopheles mattogrossensis Lutz & Neiva 1911
          Anopheles mediopunctatus Lutz 1903
          Anopheles minor Da Costa Lima 1929
          Anopheles neomaculipalpis Curry 1931
          Anopheles peryassui Dyar & Knab 1908
          Anopheles pseudomaculipes Peryassu 1908
          Anopheles punctimacula Dyar & Knab 1906
          Anopheles mediopunctatus Lutz 1903
          Anopheles rachoui Galvao 1952
          Anopheles shannoni Davis 1931
          Anopheles veruslanei Vargas 1979
          Anopheles vestitipennis Dyar & Knab 1906
       Series Christya (Christophers 1924)
          Anopheles implexus Theobald 1903
          Anopheles okuensis Brunhes, le Goff & Geoffroy 1997
       Series Myzorhynchus (Edwards 1932)
          Anopheles obscurus Grunberg 1905
          Anopheles bancroftii Giles 1902
          Anopheles barbirostris* Van der Wulp 1884
          Anopheles pollicaris Reid 1962
          Group Albotaeniatus (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles albotaeniatus Theobald 1903
             Anopheles balerensis Mendoza 1947
             Anopheles ejercitoi Mendoza 1947
             Anopheles montanus Stanton & Hacker 1917
             Anopheles saperoi Bohart & Ingram 1946
                subspecies ohamai Ohama
                subspecies saperoi Bohart & Ingram
          Group Bancroftii (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles pseudobarbirostris Ludlow 1935
             Anopheles bancroftii Giles 1902
                subspecies bancroftii Giles
                subspecies barbiventris Brug
          Group Barbirostris (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles freyi Meng 1957
             Anopheles koreicus Yamada & Watanabe 1918
             Subgroup Barbirostris (Reid 1968)
                Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp 1884
                Anopheles campestris Reid 1962
                Anopheles donaldi Reid 1962
                Anopheles franciscoi Reid 1962
                Anopheles hodgkini Reid 1962
                Anopheles pollicaris Reid 1962
             Subgroup Vanus (Reid 1968)
                Anopheles ahomi Chowdhury 1929
                Anopheles barbumbrosus Strickland & Chowdhury 1927
                Anopheles manalangi Mendoza 1940
                Anopheles reidi Harrison 1973
                Anopheles vanus Walker 1859
          Group Coustani (Reid & Knight 1961)
             Anopheles caliginosus De Meillon 1943
             Anopheles coustani Laveran 1900
             Anopheles crypticus Coetzee 1994
             Anopheles fuscicolor Van Someren 1947
             Anopheles namibiensis Coetzee 1984
             Anopheles paludis Theobald 1900
             Anopheles symesi Edwards 1928
             Anopheles tenebrosus Donitz 1902
             Anopheles ziemanni Grunberg 1902
          Group Hyrcanus (Reid 1953)
             Anopheles anthropophagus Xu and Feng 1975
             Anopheles argyropus Swellengrebel 1914
             Anopheles belenrae Rueda 2005
             Anopheles changfus Ma 1981
             Anopheles chodukini Martini 1929
             Anopheles dazhaius Ma 1981
             Anopheles engarensis Kanda & Oguma 1978
             Anopheles hailarensis Xu JinJiang & Luo XinFu 1998
             Anopheles heiheensis Ma 1981
             Anopheles hyrcanus* Pallas 1771
             Anopheles junlianensis Lei 1996
             Anopheles kiangsuensis Xu and Feng 1975
             Anopheles kleini Rueda 2005
             Anopheles kummingensis Dong & Wang 1985
             Anopheles kweiyangensis Yao & Wu 1944
             Anopheles liangshanensis Kang Tan Cao Cheng Yang & Huang 1984
             Anopheles nimpe Nguyen, Tran & Harbach
             Anopheles pseudopictus Graham 1899
             Anopheles pullus Yamada 1937
             Anopheles sinensis* Wiedemann 1828
             Anopheles sineroides Yamada 1924
             Anopheles xiaokuanus Ma 1981
             Anopheles xui Dong, Zhou, Dong & Mao 2007
             Anopheles yatsushiroensis Miyazaki 1951
             Subgroup Lesteri (Harrison 1972)
                Anopheles crawfordi Reid 1953
                Anopheles kiangsuensis Xu & Feng 1975
                Anopheles lesteri de Meillon 1931
                Anopheles paraliae Sandosham 1959
                Anopheles peditaeniatus Leicester 1908
                Anopheles vietnamensis Manh Hinh & Vien 1993
             Subgroup Nigerrimus (Harrison 1972)
                Anopheles nigerrimus* Giles 1900
                Anopheles nitidus Harrison, Scanlon & Reid 1973
                Anopheles pseudosinensis Baisas 1935
                Anopheles pursati Laveran 1902
          Group Umbrosus (Reid 1950)
             Anopheles brevipalpis Roper 1914
             Anopheles brevirostris Reid 1950
             Anopheles hunteri Strickland 1916
             Anopheles samarensis Rozeboom 1951
             Anopheles similissimus Strickland & Chowdhury 1927
             Subgroup Baezai (Rattanarithikul et al. 2004)
                Anopheles baezai Gater 1934
             Subgroup Letifer (Reid 1968)
                Anopheles collessi Reid 1963
                Anopheles letifer* Sandosham 1944
                Anopheles roperi Reid 1950
                Anopheles whartoni Reid 1963
             Subgroup Separatus (Rattanarithikul et al. 2004)
                Anopheles separatus Leicester 1908
             Subgroup Umbrosus (Rattanarithikul et al. 2004)
                Anopheles umbrosus Theobald 1903

### Subgenus Baimaia

    Anopheles kyondawensisAbraham 1947

### Subgenus Cellia

Anopheles rageaui Mattingly and Adam
Series Cellia (Christophers 1924)
    Anopheles argenteolobatus Gough 1910
    Anopheles brumpti Hamon & Rickenbach 1955
    Anopheles carnevalei Brunhes le Goff & Geoffroy 1999
    Anopheles cristipalpis Service 1977
    Anopheles murphyi Gillies 1968
    Anopheles pharoensis Theobald 1901
    Anopheles swahilicus Gillies 1964
    Group Squamosus (Grjebine 1966)
       Anopheles cydippis de Meillon 1931
       Anopheles squamosusTheobald 1901
Series Myzomyia
    Anopheles apoci Marsh 1933
    Anopheles azaniae Bailly-Choumara 1960
    Anopheles barberellus Evans 1932
    Anopheles brunnipes Theobald 1910
    Anopheles domicola Edwards 1916
    Anopheles dthali Patton 1905
    Anopheles erythraeus Corradetti 1939
    Anopheles ethiopicus Gillies & Coetzee 1987
    Anopheles flavicosta Edwards 1911
    Anopheles fontinalis Gillies 1968
    Anopheles majidi Young & Majid 1928
    Anopheles moucheti* Evans 1925
       subspecies bervoetsi D'Haenans 1961
       subspecies moucheti Evans 1925
       subspecies nigeriensis
    Anopheles schwetzi Evans 1934
    Anopheles tchekedii de Meillon & Leeson 1940
    Anopheles walravensi Edwards 1930
    Group Demeilloni (Gillies & De Meillon 1962)
       Anopheles carteri Evans & de Meillon 1933
       Anopheles demeilloni Evans 1933
       Anopheles freetownensis Evans 1925
       Anopheles garnhami Edwards 1930
       Anopheles keniensis Evans 1931
       Anopheles lloreti Gil Collado 1936
       Anopheles sergentii* Theobald 1907
          subspecies macmahoni Evans 1936
          subspecies sergentii Theobald 1907
    Group Funestus (Garros et al 2004)
       Anopheles jeyporiensis James 1902
       Subgroup Aconitus (Chen et al. 2003)
          Anopheles aconitus Dönitz 1902
          Anopheles filipinae Manalang 1930
          Anopheles mangyanus Banks 1906
          Anopheles pampanai Buttiker & Beales 1959
          Anopheles varuna Iyengar 1924
       Subgroup Culicifacies (Garros et al. 2004)
          Anopheles culicifacies* Giles 1901
       Subgroup Funestus (Garros et al. 2004)
          Anopheles aruni Sobti 1968
          Anopheles confusus Evans & Leeson 1935
          Anopheles funestus* Giles 1900
          Anopheles funestus-like* Spillings et al 2009
          Anopheles longipalpis Type C Koekemoer et al. 2009
          Anopheles parensis Gillies 1962
          Anopheles vaneedeni Gillies & Coetzee 1987
       Subgroup Minimus (Chen et al. 2003)
          Anopheles flavirostris* Ludlow 1914
          Anopheles leesoni Evans 1931
          Anopheles longipalpis Type A Koekemoer et al 2009
          Complex Fluviatilis (Salara et al. 1993)
             Anopheles fluviatilis* (species S, T, U, V) James 1902
          Complex Minimus (Green et al. 1990)
             Anopheles harrisoni Harbach & Manguin 2007
             Anopheles minimusTheobald 1901
       Subgroup Rivulorum (Garros et al 2004)
          Anopheles brucei Service 1960
          Anopheles fuscivenosus Leeson 1930
          Anopheles rivulorum* Leeson 1935
    Group Marshallii
       Anopheles austenii Theobald 1905
       Anopheles berghei Vincke & Leleup 1949
       Anopheles brohieri Edwards 1929
       Anopheles gibbinsi Evans 1935
       Anopheles hancocki Edwards 1929
       Anopheles hargreavesi Evans 1927
       Anopheles harperi Evans 1936
       Anopheles mortiauxi Edwards 1938
       Anopheles mousinhoi de Meillon & Pereira 1940
       Anopheles njombiensis Peters 1955
       Anopheles seydeli Edwards 1929
       Complex Marshalli (Gillies & Coetzee 1987)
          Anopheles hughi Lambert & Coetzee 1982
          Anopheles kosiensis Coetzee, Segerman & Hunt 1987
          Anopheles letabensis Lambert & Coetzee 1982
          Anopheles marshallii Theobald 1903
    Group Wellcomei
       Anopheles distinctus Newstead & Carter 1911
       Anopheles erepens Gillies 1958
       Anopheles theileri Edwards 1912
       Anopheles wellcomei Theobald 1904
          subspecies ugandae Evans 1934
          subspecies ungujae White 1975
          subspecies wellcomei Theobald 1904
Series Neocellia (Christophers 1924)
    Anopheles ainshamsi Gad, Harbach & Harrison 2006
    Anopheles dancalicus Corradetti 1939
    Anopheles hervyi Brunhes, le Goff & Geoffroy 1999
    Anopheles jamesiiTheobald 1901
    Anopheles karwari* James 1903
    Anopheles maculipalpis Giles 1902
    Anopheles moghulensis Christophers 1924
    Anopheles paltrinierii Shidrawi & Gillies 1988
    Anopheles pattoni Christophers 1926
    Anopheles pretoriensis Theobald 1903
    Anopheles pulcherrimusTheobald 1902*
    Anopheles rufipes Gough 1910
       subspecies broussesi Edwards 1929
       subspecies rufipes Gough 1910
    Anopheles salbaii Maffi & Coluzzi 1958
    Anopheles splendidus Koidzumi 1920
    Anopheles theobaldi Giles 1901
    Complex Stephensi
       Anopheles stephensi* Liston 1901
    Complex Superpictus
       Anopheles superpictus* Grassi 1899
    Group Annularis (Reid 1968)
       Anopheles pallidus Theobald 1901
       Anopheles philippinensis* Ludlow 1902
       Anopheles schueffneri Stanton 1915
       Complex Annularis (Reid 1968)
          Anopheles annularis* van der Wulp 1884
       Complex Nivipes (Green et al. 1985)
          Anopheles nivipes Theobald 1903
    Group Jamesii (Rattanarithikul et al. 2004)
       Anopheles jamesii Theobald 1901
       Anopheles pseudojamesi Strickland & Chowdhury 1927
       Anopheles splendidus Koidzumi 1920
    Group Maculatus (Rattanarithikul & Green 1987)
       Anopheles dispar Rattanarithikul & Harbach 1991
       Anopheles greeni Rattanarithikul & Harbach 1991
       Anopheles pseudowillmori Theobald 1910
       Anopheles rampae
       Anopheles willmori James 1903
       Subgroup Maculatus (Rattanarithikul et al 2004)
          Anopheles dravidicus Christophers 1924
          Anopheles maculatus*
       Subgroup Sawadwongporni (Rattanarithikul et al 2004)
          Anopheles notanandai Rattanarithikul & Green 1987
          Anopheles sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green 1987
Series Neomyzomyia (Christophers 1924)
    Anopheles amictus Edwards 1921
    Anopheles annulatus Haga 1930
    Anopheles aurirostris Watson 1910
    Anopheles dualaensis Brunhes le Goff & Geoffroy 1999
    Anopheles hilli Woodhill & Lee 1944
    Anopheles incognitus Brug 1931
    Anopheles kochi Dönitz 1901
    Anopheles kokhani Vythilingam, Jeffery & Harbach 2007
    Anopheles kolambuganensis Baisas 1932
    Anopheles longirostris Brug 1928
    Anopheles mascarensis de Meillon 1947
    Anopheles meraukensis Venhuis 1932
    Anopheles novaguinensis Venhuis 1933
    Anopheles saungi Colless 1955
    Anopheles stookesi Colless 1955
    Anopheles watsonii Leicester 1908
    Complex Annulipes
       Anopheles annulipes Walker 1856
    Complex Lungae
       Anopheles lungae Belkin & Schlosser 1944
       Anopheles nataliae Belkin 1945
       Anopheles solomonis Belkin, Knight & Rozeboom 1945
    Complex Punctulatus
       Anopheles clowi Rozeboom & Knight 1946
       Anopheles farauti* Laveran 1902
       Anopheles hinesorum Schmidt 2001
       Anopheles irenicus Schmidt 2003
       Anopheles koliensis Owen 1945
       Anopheles punctulatus Dönitz 1901
          Hosts: Bos taurus, Canis familiaris, Equus, Felis, Gallus
       Anopheles torresiensis Schmidt 2001
    Group Ardensis
       Anopheles ardensis Theobald 1905
       Anopheles buxtoni Service 1958
       Anopheles cinctus Newstead & Carter 1910
       Anopheles deemingi Service 1970
       Anopheles eouzani Brunhes le Goff & Bousses 2003
       Anopheles kingi Christophers 1923
       Anopheles machardyi Edwards 1930
       Anopheles maliensis Bailly-Choumara & Adam 1959
       Anopheles millecampsi Lips 1960
       Anopheles multicinctus Edwards 1930
       Anopheles natalensis Hill & Haydon 1907
       Anopheles vernus Gillies 1968
       Anopheles vinckei de Meillon 1942
       Complex Nili
          Anopheles carnevalei Brunhes, le Geoff & Geoffrey 1999
          Anopheles nili* Theobald 1904
          Anopheles ovengensis Awono-Ambene Simard Antonio-Nkonkjio & Fontenille 2004
          Anopheles somalicus Rivola & Holstein 1957
    Group Kochi (Rattanarithikul et al 2004)
       Anopheles kochi Donitz 1901
    Group Leucosphyrus
       Anopheles baisasi Colless 1957
       Anopheles cristatus King & Baisas
       Subgroup Elegans
          Anopheles elegans James 1903
       Subgroup Hackeri
          Anopheles hackeri Edwards 1921
          Anopheles mirans Sallum & Peyton 2005
          Anopheles pujutensis Colless 1948
          Anopheles recens Sallum & Peyton 2005
          Anopheles sulawesi* Waktoedi 1954
       Subgroup Leucosphyrus
          Anopheles baimaii* Sallum & Peyton 2005
          Anopheles cracens Sallum & Peyton 2005
          Anopheles scanloni Sallum & Peyton 2005
          Complex Dirus
             Anopheles dirus* Peyton & Harrison 1979
             Anopheles nemophilous Peyton & Ramalingam 1988
             Anopheles takasagoensis Morishita 1946
          Complex Leucosphyrus (Peyton 1990)
             Anopheles balabacensis* Baisas 1936
             Anopheles introlatus Colless 1957
             Anopheles latens* Sallum & Peyton 2005
             Anopheles leucosphyrus* Dönitz 1901
       Subgroup Riparis (Peyton 1990)
          Anopheles cristatus King & Baisas
          Anopheles macarthuri Colless 1956
          Anopheles riparis King & Baisas 1936
    Group Tessellatus (Rattanarithikul et al 2004)
       Anopheles tessellatus Theobald
          subspecies A. t. kalawara Stoker & Waktoedi
          subspecies A. t. orientalis Swellengrebel & Swellengrebel de Graaf
          subspecies A. t. tessellatus Theobald
Series Paramyzomyia (Christophers & Barraud 1931)
    Group Cinereus
       Anopheles azevedoi Ribeiro 1969
       Anopheles cinereus Theobald 1901
          subspecies cinereus Theobald 1901
          subspecies hispaniola Theobald 1903
       Complex Turkhudi (Liston)
          Anopheles turkhudi Liston 1901
             subspecies telamali Saliternik & Theodor 1942
             subspecies turkhudi Liston 1901
    Group Listeri
       Anopheles listeri de Mellion 1931
       Anopheles multicolor* Cambouliu 1902
       Anopheles seretsei Abdulla-Chan Coetzee & Hunt 1998
Series Pyretophorus (Blanchard 1902)
    Anopheles christyi Newstead & Carter 1911
    Anopheles daudi Coluzzi 1958
    Anopheles indefinitus Ludlow 1904
    Anopheles limosus King 1932
    Anopheles litoralis King 1932
    Anopheles ludlowae Theobald 1903
       subspecies ludlowae Theobald 1903
       subspecies torakala Stoker & Waktoedi 1949
    Anopheles parangensis Ludlow 1914
    Anopheles vagus* Dönitz 1902
    Complex Gambiae (White 1985)
       Anopheles amharicus Hunt, Wilkerson & Coetzee 2013
       Anopheles arabiensis* Patton 1905
       Anopheles bwambae White 1985
       Anopheles coluzzii* Coetzee & Wilkerson 2013
       Anopheles comorensis Brunhes le Goff & Geoffroy 1997
       Anopheles fontenillei Barrón et al 2019
       Anopheles gambiae* Giles 1902
       Anopheles melas* Theobald 1903
       Anopheles merus Dontiz 1902
       Anopheles quadriannulatus Theobald 1911
    Complex Subpictus (Sugana et al. 1994)
       Anopheles subpictus* Grassi 1899
    Complex Sundaicus (Sukowati 1999)
       Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach 2005
       Anopheles sundaicus* Rodenwaldt 1925

### Subgenus Kerteszia

    Anopheles auyantepuiensis Harbach & Navarro 1996
    Anopheles bambusicolus Komp 1937
    Anopheles bellator* Dyar & Knab 1906
    Anopheles boliviensis Theobald 1905
    Anopheles cruzii* Dyar & Knab 1908
    Anopheles gonzalezrinconesi Cova Garcia, Pulido & de Ugueto, 1977
    Anopheles homunculus* Komp 1937
    Anopheles laneanus Corrêa & Cerqueira 1944
    Anopheles lepidotus Zavortink 1973
    Anopheles neivai Howard, Dyar & Knab 1913
    Anopheles pholidotus Zavortink 1973
    Anopheles rollai Cova Garcia, Pulido & de Ugueto 1977
Note: Anopheles cruzii is known to be a species complex, but the number species in this complex has yet to be finalised.

### Subgenus Lophopodomyia

    Anopheles gilesi Peryassu 1928
    Anopheles gomezdelatorrei Levi-Castillo 1955
    Anopheles oiketorakras Osorno-Mesa 1947
    Anopheles pseudotibiamaculata Galvao & Barretto 1941
    Anopheles squamifemur Antunes 1937
    Anopheles vargasi Gabaldon Cova Garcia & Lopez 1941

### Subgenus Nyssorhynchus

    Anopheles dominicanus Zavortinkb and Poinarab 2000
    Section Albimanus
    Anopheles noroestensis Galvao and Lane 1937
       Series Albimanus (Faran 1980)
          Anopheles albimanus* Weidemann 1820
       Series Oswaldoi (Faran 1980)
          Group Oswaldoi (Faran 1980)
             Subgroup Oswaldoi (Faran 1980)
                Anopheles anomalphyllus Komp
                Anopheles aquasalis* Curry 1932
                Anopheles dunhamii Causey 1945
                Anopheles evansae Brethes 1926
                Anopheles galvaoi Causey, Deane and Deane 1943
                Anopheles ininii Sevenet & Abonnenc 1938
                Anopheles konderi Galvfio & Damasceno 1942
                Anopheles oswaldoi Peryassú 1922
                Anopheles rangeli Galabadon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez 1941
                Anopheles sanctielii Sevenet & Abonnenc 1938
                Anopheles trinkae Faran 1980
                Complex Nuneztovari (Conn et al. 1993)
                   Anopheles geoeldii Rozeboom and Gabaldón 1941
                   Anopheles nuneztovari* Galbadón 1940
             Subgroup Strodei (Faran 1980)
                Anopheles alberto
                Anopheles arthuri*
                Anopheles benarrochi Galabadon, Cova-Garcia & Lopez
                Anopheles rondoni Neiva & Pinto 1922
                Anopheles strodei Root 1926
          Group Triannulatus
             Anopheles halophylus do Nascimento & de Oliveira 2002
             Anopheles triannulatus Neiva & Pinto 1922
    Section Argyritarsis (Levi Castillo 1949)
       Series Albitarsis
          Anopheles rooti Brethes 1926
          Group Albitarsis
             Anopheles albitarsis
             Anopheles deaneorum Rosa-Freitas 1989
             Anopheles janconnae Wilkerson & Sallum 2009
             Anopheles oryzalimnetes Wilkerson & Motoki 2009
             Anopheles marajoara* Galvao & Damesceno 1942
          Group Braziliensis
             Anopheles braziliensis Chagas 1907
       Series Argyritarsis
          Group Argyritarsis
             Anopheles argyitarsis Robineau-Desvoidy 1827
             Anopheles sawyeri Causey, Deane, Deane & Sampaio 1943
          Group Darlingi
             Anopheles darlingi* Root
          Group Lanie
             Anopheles lanei Galvao & Amaral 1938
          Group Pictipennis
          Anopheles pictipennis Phillippi 1865
    Section Myzorhynchella (Peyton et al. 1992)
       Anopheles antunesi Galvao & Amaral 1940
       Anopheles lutzii Cruz 1901
       Anopheles nigritarsis Chagas 1907
       Anopheles parvus Chagas 1907

### Subgenus Stethomyia

    Anopheles acanthotorynus Komp 1937
    Anopheles canorii Floch & Abonnenc 1945
    Anopheles kompi Edwards 1930
    Anopheles nimbus
    Anopheles thomasi Shannon 1933