OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Odontotermes assmuthi

The sugarcane termite (Odontotermes assmuthi) is a species of termite of the genus Odontotermes. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. It is recorded from coconut palms and is a pest of sugarcane.

## Description

General body color is creamy with darker head. Workers can be seen foraging in both morning and evening.
It is a major pest of sugar cane, where attacked canes can be wilted and then dieback occurs. Semi-circular feeding marks on the leaves are characteristic marks left by the termite. Aspergillus flavus known to have termiticidal activity against O. assmuthi.
# Nooksack dace

The Nooksack dace is a small cyprinid fish occurring in streams in southern British Columbia and western Washington state. It has not yet been formally described taxonomically. It is considered a genetically distinct subspecies of longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) but may be a distinct species.
In Canada, the distribution of the Nooksack dace is limited to four streams: three in the Nooksack basin, and one in the Fraser basin. In Canada, degradation of the stream channels due to urbanization, agriculture and low instream flow has led to the species being declared endangered under Canada's Species at Risk Act. The Nooksack dace requires shallow, fast-flowing riffle habitat within stream channels, and a low flow during the summer has been identified as a key threat to the recovery of this endangered species.
The Nooksack dace is much more widely distributed in Washington, occurring in eastern Puget Sound drainages from the Nooksack south to the Puyallup, and in Pacific coastal drainages from the Quillayute south to the Willapa.
# Wallingford House party

The Wallingford House party was a group of senior officers (Grandees) of the English New Model Army who met at Wallingford House, the London home of Charles Fleetwood. Their intention was to overthrow the Protectorate of the Lord Protector, Richard Cromwell.
On 23 April 1659 the party ended the Third Protectorate Parliament by locking the doors of the assembly rooms. On 6 May the Council of Officers meeting in Wallingford House, invited the Rump Parliament to reassemble, which it did the following day, appointing a Committee of Safety to form the executive until a new Council of State was appointed on 19 May.
# Uibes

Uibes (also ǀUibes and Uibis) is an unproclaimed settlement of about 500 people in the Hardap Region in southern central Namibia. It is situated on Hudup River 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Mariental on the gravel road between Gibeon and Maltahöhe and belongs to the Daweb electoral constituency.

## History

On 21 December 1904, in the first year of the Herero and Namaqua War, Uibes was the scene of a battle between the Bethanie Nama people and the German colonisers of South-West Africa. The Germans won the battle; the inhabitants fled the area.
In 1971 the South African administration formed tribal homelands known as bantustans. Uibes became part of Namaland, forming its most western point. Members of the ǀKhowesin (Witbooi Orlam) tribe were forcibly resettled here. They established Edward Frederick Primary School in 1978 and form the core of Uibes' community today.

## Development and infrastructure

Uibes is marked by poverty and neglect. Although the settlement has been electrified around 2010 residents cannot afford to pay for that service. Water is supplied by a borehole equipped with a wind pump. When there is no wind, water supply is interrupted. The majority of the inhabitants are elderly people surviving on old-age grants.
The roads connecting Uibes to neighbouring towns are poorly maintained. Commercial activities include gardening in the riverbed of the ephemeral Hudup River, and small livestock farming.
# George Chambers

The Hon. George Michael Chambers ORTT (4 October 1928 – 4 November 1997) was the second Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. Born in Port of Spain, Chambers joined Deloitte New Zealand in 1956, and was elected to Supervisor representing Wayne Joe and Co. He served as Assistant General Secretary of the PNM before becoming Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Finance in 1966. From there he went on to serve twice as Minister of Finance (1971–1974 and 1981–1986). Chambers also served as Minister of Public Utilities, Housing, National Security, Education, Planning, Industry/Commerce and Agriculture.
Chambers was one of three Deputy Leaders of the PNM when then-Prime Minister Eric Williams died suddenly in 1981. He was appointed prime minister by then-president Ellis Clarke and led the PNM to victory in the 1981 General Elections. In 1986 he led the PNM to its worst ever electoral defeat (winning only three of the 36 seats in Parliament). Following the defeat Chambers resigned and was succeeded as PNM leader by Patrick Manning.
# Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Behavioral and Brain Sciences is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of Open Peer Commentary established in 1978 by Stevan Harnad and published by Cambridge University Press. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 29.3.

## History and structure of publications

Behavioral and Brain Sciences is modeled on the journal Current Anthropology (which was established in 1959 by the University of Chicago anthropologist, Sol Tax).
The journal publishes "target articles" followed by 10 to 30 or more peer commentaries and the response of the authors of the target article. The journal covers all areas of the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences (psychology, neuroscience, behavioral biology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy) and articles are judged by four or more referees to be of sufficient importance and interdisciplinary scope to merit Open Peer Commentary. Volume 1 appeared in 1978 and issues appeared quarterly; as its popularity grew it switched to a bimonthly schedule in 1997.
# Beizama

Beizama is a town in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the north of Spain.
# Bela atlantidea

Bela atlantidea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea off Spain and in tropical West African waters.
# Bekdemir, Bilecik

Bekdemir is a village in the Bilecik District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 71 (2021).
# Paul Parduhn

C.J. (Paul) Parduhn (1892-1946) was a wealthy owner of several car dealerships and President of City Fuel & Supply Co. In 1917, he formed a semi-pro team called the Hammond Bobcats. This team of all-stars earned the name the "$20,000 Beauties." with players like QB Milt Ghee, Doc Hauser, Frank Blocker, Paddy Driscoll, Hugh Blaylock, Guil Falcon and future Hall of Famer George Halas. Known for his willingness to spend money, most of the top pro football talent of his time played for Parduhn at one time or another.
Parduhn's team was also known as the Hammond All-Stars and in 1919, Parduhn was arrested for passing off bogus checks to his players. Still, his Bobcats were one of the nation's best teams in 1919 with top talent like Charley Brickley leading the way. His partner in this team was Dr. Alva Andrew Young whom he would give control over to after Halas left the team to found the Dacatur Staleys and basically took the entire Bobcats team with him. The team would be reformed using another name the team was known by, the Hammond Pros, becoming founding members of the American Professional Football Association in 1920 (better known to us today as the National Football League).
Parduhn married Artella Price on May 26, 1919 who preceded him in death on March 1, 1934.
# Beethoven (crater)

Beethoven is a crater at latitude 20°S, longitude 124°W on Mercury. It is 630 km in diameter and was named after Ludwig van Beethoven. It is the eleventh largest named impact crater in the Solar System and the third largest on Mercury (after Caloris and Rembrandt).
Unlike many basins of similar size on the Moon, such as the Orientale Basin, Beethoven is not multi-ringed. Remnant ejecta blankets around parts of the Beethoven are subdued in appearance and their margins poorly defined in places. The crater wall (rim) of Beethoven is buried by its ejecta blanket and by plains materials and is barely visible. The floor of the basin is covered with intermediate smooth plains material, which has the same reflectance as the exterior intermediate terrain. However, there are no wrinkle ridges or graben inside the basin like those in Caloris.
Spudis and Prosser have suggested that Beethoven may possibly be late c3 in age or as old as early c2, which means that it is older than the Caloris Basin. It is currently considered to be Tolstojan in age.
The depth of Beethoven is estimated to be 2.5 ± 0.7 km from the stereo derived digital elevation models based on Mariner 10 images of the planet. This is significantly less than the depth of lunar basins of the similar size indicating that Beethoven probably has relaxed from its post impact shape. There is also a broad topographic rise in the north–west margin of Beethoven.
A scarp that is roughly parallel with the west rim of Beethoven is known as Duyfken Rupes. The crater Bello lies within the eas half of Beethoven, and the crater Sayat-Nova lies across the southern rim. The large, fresh crater Bartók is to the southwest of Beethoven.
# Pavel Barbalat

Pavel Barbalat (29 May 1935 – 1 April 2004) was a Moldovan jurist and judge. He was the first President of the Constitutional Court of Moldova.
# Begović Kula

Begović Kula (Serbian Cyrillic: Беговић Кула) is a village in the municipality of Trebinje, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Begovača

Begovača is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 31.
# Bellair, Illinois

Bellair is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. Bellair is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east-northeast of Yale.
# Bellair, Virginia

Bellair is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia.
# Paul Smit

Paul Albertus Smit (born 23 March 1953 near Otavi, Otjozondjupa Region) is a Namibian politician and farmer.

## Education

Smit attended Etosha High School in Tsumeb, where he graduated from in 1971. Upon graduation in Tsumeb, he left to South Africa, where he attended the University of the Orange Free State in Bloemfontein. He graduated with a BSc in Agricultural Economy in 1973.

## Political positions

A White farmer, Smit considers himself "apolitical" despite being the Deputy Minister of Agriculture since 2000 in an otherwise SWAPO-led government.
Smit has actively worked towards reconciliation between Black and White Namibians through Transformation Namibia. In October 2002, Smit apologized before the National Assembly for the wrongs of apartheid. In May 2003, the organization held a successful rally but a planned apology on behalf of White Namibians did not result.

## Political career

In 2000 Smit was appointed to the 3rd National Assembly of Namibia by president Sam Nujoma. He became Minister of Agriculture for part of 2004-2005 following Helmut Angula's resignation from the post. He was a Democratic Turnhalle Alliance activist in the 1980s but left the party in 1983. From 1987 to 1997, Smit played a prominent role in the Namibia Agricultural Union, which represents Namibia's prosperous and overwhelmingly white commercial farmers. He served as the NAU's president from 1993 to 1997.
On Heroes' Day 2014 he was conferred the Excellent Order of the Eagle, Second Class.
# Bell-Irving

Bell-Irving is a surname, and may refer to:
* Alan Duncan Bell-Irving (1894–1965), Canadian First World War flying ace
* Henry Pybus Bell-Irving (1913–2002), 23rd Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia
* J. J. Bell-Irving (1859–1936), Scottish businessman in Hong Kong and China
* Roderick Ogle Bell-Irving (1891–1918), Canadian army officer
# Beierstedt

Beierstedt is a municipality in the district of Helmstedt, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
# Pañcarakṣā

Pañcarakṣā means "Five Protectors". It is the title of a Buddhist text in Sanskrit, a name for a set of five dhāraṇīs as well as the name of a set of Buddhist protector goddesses identified with these incantations. It is an early work in the dhāraṇī genre of Buddhist literature, with Tibetan records mentioning it by about 800 CE. The Pañcarakṣā manuscripts survive in Tibet, Nepal and India in many divergent versions. The text includes spells, a list of benefits by its recitation, and the ritual instructions on how and when to use it. In the Buddhist tradition, each of the "Five" protections that are mentioned in the Pañcarakṣā are Buddhist deities (goddesses).
The five protective dhāraṇī-goddesses are:
* Mahāpratisarā (for protection against sin, disease and evils),
* Mahāsahasrapramardinī (for protection against evil spirits),
* Mahāmāyūrī or vidyārājñī (for protection against snake-poison),
* Mahāśītavatī (for protection against 'cruel' planets, cruel animals and poisonous insects), and
* Mahārakṣā mantrānusāriṇī (for protection against diseases).
# Belling

Belling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Reginald Belling (1884–1965), manufacturer of electric cookers
* Ingeborg Belling (1848–1927), Norwegian actress
* Johann Georg von Belling (1642–1689), Prussian general
* John Belling (1866–1933), English cytogenetist
* Kylie Belling (born 1964), Australian actress
* Mark Belling (born 1956), Radio talk show host
* Natarsha Belling (born 1970), Australian news anchor
* Rudolf Belling (1896–1972), German sculptor
* Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling (1719–1779), Prussian general
# Belgian Bowl IX

The Belgian Bowl IX was played in 1996 and was won by the Tournai Cardinals.
# Belgian Bowl VIII

The Belgian Bowl VIII was played in 1995 and was won by the Tournai Cardinals. Although it was the first Belgian Bowl, it was numbered 8 because it was the 8th official BFL Season.
# Bejaranoa

Bejaranoa is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

## Species

* Bejaranoa balansae (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Bolivia, Paraguay; type species; syn. Eupatorium balansae Hieron.
* Bejaranoa semistriata (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob. - Brazil
# Pebble motion problems

The pebble motion problems, or pebble motion on graphs, are a set of related problems in graph theory dealing with the movement of multiple objects ("pebbles") from vertex to vertex in a graph with a constraint on the number of pebbles that can occupy a vertex at any time. Pebble motion problems occur in domains such as multi-robot motion planning (in which the pebbles are robots) and network routing (in which the pebbles are packets of data). The best-known example of a pebble motion problem is the famous 15 puzzle where a disordered group of fifteen tiles must be rearranged within a 4x4 grid by sliding one tile at a time.

## Theoretical formulation

The general form of the pebble motion problem is Pebble Motion on Graphs formulated as follows:
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph with $n$ vertices. Let $P=\{1,\ldots ,k\}$ be a set of pebbles with $k<n$. An arrangement of pebbles is a mapping $S:P\rightarrow V$ such that $S(i)\neq S(j)$ for $i\neq j$. A move $m=(p,u,v)$ consists of transferring pebble $p$ from vertex $u$ to adjacent unoccupied vertex $v$. The Pebble Motion on Graphs problem is to decide, given two arrangements $S_{0}$ and $S_{+}$, whether there is a sequence of moves that transforms $S_{0}$ into $S_{+}$.

### Variations

Common variations on the problem limit the structure of the graph to be:
* a tree
* a square grid,
* a bi-connected graph.
Another set of variations consider the case in which some or all of the pebbles are unlabeled and interchangeable.
Other versions of the problem seek not only to prove reachability but to find a (potentially optimal) sequence of moves (i.e. a plan) which performs the transformation.

## Complexity

Finding the shortest solution sequence in the pebble motion on graphs problem (with labeled pebbles) is known to be NP-hard and APX-hard. The unlabeled problem can be solved in polynomial time when using the cost metric mentioned above (minimizing the total number of moves to adjacent vertices), but is NP-hard for other natural cost metrics.
# Belarus at the 2019 Military World Games

Belarus competed at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China from 18 to 27 October 2019. In total, athletes representing Belarus won four gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals. The country finished in 13th place in the medal table.

## Medal summary
### Medal by sports

Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Archery | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Athletics | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Boxing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Diving | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Judo | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Modern pentathlon | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Parachuting | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Wrestling | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |

### Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Karyna Dziominskaya Karyna Kazlouskaya Aliaksandra Kuratnik | Archery | Women's team |
| Gold | Katsiaryna Paplauskaya | Athletics | Women's 100 metres hurdles |
| Gold | Dzmitry Asanau | Boxing | Men's -64 kg |
| Gold | Daniel Mukete | Judo | Men's -100 kg |
| Silver | Dzmitry Dziubin | Athletics | Men's 50 kilometres walk |
| Silver | Aliaksandr Hushtyn | Wrestling | Men's freestyle 97 kg |
| Bronze | Viktoryia Kebikava | Boxing | Women's -75 kg |
| Bronze | Yury Naurozau | Diving | Men's 3 m springboard |
| Bronze | Kirill Kasyanik | Modern pentathlon | Men individual |
| Bronze | Women's team | Parachuting | Women's Team Accuracy |
| Bronze | Aliaksandr Hrabovik | Wrestling | Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg |
| Bronze | Kseniya Stankevich | Wrestling | Women's freestyle 50 kg |
| Bronze | Anastasiya Huchok | Wrestling | Women's freestyle 62 kg |
# Pedro Téllez-Girón y de la Cueva, 1st Duke of Osuna

Pedro Téllez-Girón, 1st Duke of Osuna, 5th count of Ureña (29 July 1537 – 13 September 1590) was a Spanish nobleman and administrator.
Born at Osuna, he was the eldest son of Juan Téllez-Girón, 4th Count of Ureña and of María de la Cueva y Toledo, daughter of Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque. He succeeded to his father's titles in 1558 and on 5 February 1562, King Philip II of Spain awarded him the title of Duke of Osuna, together with the subsidiary title of Marquis of Peñafiel for his eldest male descendants. In 1582, he was appointed Viceroy of Naples, a position he held until 1586. He was also Ambassador in Portugal and to the Holy See with Pope Sixtus V.
He was lord of Osuna, Peñafiel, Cazalla de la Sierra, el Arahal, Olvera, Archidona, Morón de la Frontera, Ortejícar, Briones, Tiedra, Gumiel de Izán and others.
In 1552, aged 15, the future duke married Leonor Ana de Guzmán y Aragón (c.1540 – 23 November 1573), daughter of Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 6th Duke of Medina Sidonia. Her name has been associated since then to the actual Reserve of the BioSphere known as the Coto de Doñana. Together they had eleven children. On 2 February 1575, he married again, this time his cousin, Isabel de la Cueva y Castilla, with whom he had another two children.
Among his children from the first marriage, he had:
* María Tellez-Girón (1553–1608) married to Juan Fernández de Velasco, 5th Duke of Frías;
* Juan Tellez-Girón y Perez-Guzmán (1554–1600), 2nd Duke of Osuna
* Ana Tellez-Girón (1558–? ), married to Fernando Enriquez, 4th Marquess of Tarifa.
It is reported that being already a Duke he had an illegitimate son, known as the theatrical author Tirso de Molina.
# Pecten novaezelandiae

Pecten novaezelandiae, common name the New Zealand scallop, is a bivalve mollusc of the family Pectinidae, the scallops. Its name is sometimes found misspelt as Pecten novaezealandiae.

## Distribution

Pecten novaezelandiae is endemic to New Zealand. It is found in the North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, and the Chatham Islands.

## Habitat

Pecten novaezelandiae is found on sand, silt, and mud from low tide level to over 90 m. Large populations are found at depths of 10 to 25 m.

## Introduction

Pecten novaezelandiae is completely free-living, mobile and somewhat migratory. The two valves are asymmetric. The left valve is convex while the right is flat. The concave valve has approximately 16 ribs. The colour is variable, however the valves are usually a whitish pink, but sometimes can be a dark reddish brown. Natural predators are sea stars and octopus.

## Life cycle

Sexually mature individuals are hermaphrodites. They are broadcast spawners. The season when the organisms spawn is variable between locations. However, in Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere, the peak time is from November to March. Fertilisation occurs and a planktonic larva forms. This life stage is conserved for approximately three weeks. Metamorphosis occurs and the larvae changes from planktonic to a benthic existence by attaching itself to suitable substrate on the seafloor. The attachment lasts until the individual is at least five millimetres long. The individual then detaches from the substrate and begins to grow into an adult. Maturity is usually achieved by 18 months.

## Fisheries

The New Zealand scallop is a large industry and export product of New Zealand. The large white adductor muscle is eaten; sometimes, the orange and white gonad is eaten, as well. P. novaezelandiae is considered a fine food and can be expensive to purchase. Recreational and commercial fishing of this species is allowed at particular times of the year, the scallop season. The size and number of scallops which can be caught are under control of the quota management system. In some areas of suitable habitat, such as Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere, scallop spat is seeded in an attempt to achieve a sustainable fishery.
# Pecten albicans

Pecten albicans, common name Japanese baking scallop, is a species of marine bivalve mollusks in the family Pectinidae, the scallops.

## Description

Pecten albicans has a shell reaching a size of 95 mm, with about 12 radiating ribs. The color of the surface usually ranges from light brown to dark brown, but it may be also orange or purple. The lower valve of this species is less convex than in Pecten excavatus. This species is of commercial value for fishing in Japan.

## Distribution

This species can be found in the Japanese and the South China Seas.

## Habitat

These scallops are present in shallow inshore reef areas, at depths of 40–115 meters.
# Pecten flabelliformis

Pecten flabelliformis is an extinct species of large scallop or saltwater clam, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Pectinidae, the scallops.

## Description

Pecten flabelliformis can reach a diameter of about 80–170 millimetres (3.1–6.7 in).

## Distribution

Fossils of this species can be found in the Pleistocene – Pliocene marine strata of Greece, Romania, Italy, Cyprus, Hungary and Ukraine.
# Beneath the Surface

Beneath the Surface may refer to:

## Music

* Beneath the Surface (GZA album) 1999
* Beneath the Surface (Incognito album), 1996
* Beneath the Surface (record label), a record label of hip-hop producer Omid Walizadeh
* An Dara Craiceann: Beneath The Surface, a 1995 album by Irish singer Pádraigín Ní Uallacháin
* Beneath the Surface, a 2002 album by Balligomingo
* "Beneath the Surface", a song by Souljahz from the 2002 album The Fault Is History
* "Beneath The Surface", a song by Skinlab from the 2004 album Nerve Damage

## Visual media

* Beneath the Surface (1997 film), a Swedish film directed by Daniel Fridell
* Beneath the Surface (2007 film), American comedy horror film by Blake Reigle
* Beneath the Surface (2021 film), Canadian documentary film by Marie-Geneviève Chabot
* Beneath the Surface (picture book), by Gary Crew and illustrated by Steven Woolman
* "Beneath the Surface" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of the American-Canadian TV series