OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Parkes (antiquary)

David Parkes (21 February 1763 – 8 May 1833) was an English antiquarian.

## Biography

Parkes was the son of John Parkes, of an old family in reduced circumstances, was born on 21 February 1763, at Cakemore, near Halesowen, (then in Shropshire, later part of Worcestershire). Parkes, after being educated in the village school, was apprenticed to a japanner at Birmingham, but soon set up a small school, and eventually obtained a situation as usher in a private school. He meanwhile cultivated a natural love of art, and became proficient in French. Parkes soon removed to Shrewsbury, where he established, in a house called ‘The Franciscan Friars,’ a school for the mercantile classes, which obtained some repute, and subsequently was transferred to larger premises in Castle Street. He spent his leisure in travelling about Shropshire, making innumerable drawings of antiquities and picturesque objects. He thus accumulated an important collection of books, prints, and antiquities connected with Shropshire. Parkes was a frequent contributor to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ and was a well-known and prominent citizen at Shrewsbury. He died at Shrewsbury on 8 May 1833, and his library and collections were sold in the following August. He married Elizabeth Morris of Hadnall, Shropshire, by whom he had three sons and several daughters. Of his sons, James Parkes (1794–1828), born in 1794, practised as a drawing-master in Shrewsbury and assisted his father in his archæological drawings. He died on 31 March 1828. Twelve etchings by him of views of monastic and other remains in Shropshire were published posthumously in 1829. The younger son, John Parkes (1804–1832), also practised as a drawing-master.
# PHB (bicycle)

The PHB was a bicycle, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its power from a hydrogen fuel cell. It was manufactured by Pearl (SPHPST.Co). A concept version was unveiled at the 9th China International Exhibition on Gas Technology, Equipment and Applications in 2007. The vehicle weighed approximately 32 kilograms and used a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell to generate about 200 Watts.
It was able to reach approximately 25 km/h, and the company stated that, on a full tank, it could be ridden a distance of 60 to 100 kilometres. The motor was a brushless motor. The bike was announced in 2007 to sell for approximately US$2500, but no hydrogen supply network was available.
# AIDS Education and Training Centers

The AIDS Education and Training Centers (AETC) are a United States network of five national centers, 11 regional training centers, and over 130 associated local performance sites that provide education on HIV and related co-morbidities such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases for healthcare providers in the United States. The AETCs were established in 1987 through federal funding from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Bureau of Health Professions. In 1997, the AETCs became a component of the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program.

## Education

Some of the most common AETC training topics include adherence, antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections, prevention methods, and substance abuse. The AETCs collectively train and educate more than 125,000 participants a year.
The AETCs also offer technical assistance to healthcare clinics that provide HIV care and treatment. Common technical assistance issues include community linkages, client scheduling, agency needs assessment, and grants management.
# Center for offentlig kompetenceudvikling

The Local Government Training and Development, Denmark (LGTD) - in Danish Center for Offentlig Kompetenceudvikling (COK) - is the Danish municipalities' and regions' nationwide organization for training and development.

## Background and objectives

LGTD was established on January 1, 2003, as a merger of The Local Government Training Centre (established in 1967), the Kommunom Education and 14 regional training centres.
The objective of LGTD is to provide training and development activities for municipalities and regions.

## Legal status and funding

LGTD is an independent, self-financing, non-profit institution. The members of the governing body of the LGTD are appointed by the local government associations in Denmark. The LGTD activities are financed by fees for courses, course administration and tailor made activities paid by the participants.

## Activities

* Courses, conferences, seminars etc. for elected representatives, managers and employees at the Local Government Training Centre (residential activities) and at the regional centres.
* The Kommunom Education and other educations in management and professional subjects.
* Tailor made activities developed for local needs in municipalities and regions.
* Strategic human resource development, where training and development are adjusted to the strategies, objectives and values of the individual organization.
* Course administration: Handling of the entire administration and coordination in connection with development, implementation and follow up on human resource development activities.
* They organize the entire waste management on their own.

## International activities of the LGTD

Over the years, the LGTD has been involved in a number of different international projects regarding establishing of training centres, development of educational systems, human resource development and special projects regarding training of elected representatives.
Examples include:
* Assistance to Local Development Training Academy in Nepal.
* Establishment of training centres in the Baltic States and Poland.
* Training of elected representatives in Turkey (The Istanbul region).
* Responsible for EU-Seminar in Mexico for municipality top executives from five Latin American countries.
* "Training the trainer" courses at the LGTD Training Centre for Vietnamese local government trainers with follow-up courses in Vietnam.
* LGTD has for a number of years been a member of and chaired two European networks:
* SCEPSTA (Standing Conference of European Public Service Training Agencies) and ENTO (European Network of Training Organisations)
# Chaetocneme beata

Chaetocneme beata, also known as the common red-eye, eastern dull-flat or eastern dusk-flat, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Australia on the edges of the upland rainforest along the coast of Queensland and New South Wales.
The wingspan is about 50 mm.
The larvae feed on various trees, including Annona reticulata, Croton insularis, Eupomatia laurina, Cinnamomum camphora, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Lophostemon confertus.
# Riverside Estates, Saskatchewan

Riverside Estates is a hamlet in Saskatchewan, approximately 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) south of the city of Saskatoon.
Riverside Estates was declared an organized hamlet on April 5, 1992. At the request of its residents, it was reverted to hamlet status on January 1, 1999.
# Brennender Berg

The Brennender Berg (Burning Mountain) is a natural monument located in a deep and narrow gorge between Dudweiler and Sulzbach in Saarland, Germany. It is a smouldering coal-seam fire that ignited in 1668 and continues to burn today.

## History

The exact cause of the fire is unknown, but it was probably a case of spontaneous combustion caused by pressure and decomposition as a result of unplanned coal mining. According to legend, a shepherd lit a fire at a tree stump, which propagated down through the roots to the coal seam. An unsuccessful attempt was made to fight the fire with water. It does not burn with an open flame but instead glows. Originally this glow could be seen through cracks in the rock and there was a considerable build-up of smoke. The fire began to weaken by the end of the 18th century. Depending on the weather, smoke is visible and in at least one of the rock crevices an outflow of warm air can be detected.

## Tourism

The Brennender Berg is one of the region's places of interest. It is a popular destination for excursions and school trips. A convenient starting point is the parking lot of the Dudweiler cemetery at the end of Neuweiler Straße. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe also visited the Brennender Berg in 1770 and a commemorative plaque records the event. He later reminisced about this visit as follows:
   We heard about the abundant Dutweiler coal mines, the iron and alum plants, and even about a burning mountain, and made preparations to see this nearby wonder....We entered a gorge and found ourselves in the vicinity of the burning mountain. We were enveloped by a strong sulphur smell; one side of the cave was almost glowing, and covered with reddish, white-roasted rock. Dense steam arose from the crevices and we could feel the hot ground even through the thick soles of our shoes. (Lit.: Goethe)
# David Parkes Masson

Sir David Parkes Masson CIE VD FRPSL (1847 – 30 December 1915) was a British philatelist, who was one of the "Fathers of Philately" entered on the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1921. He was a wealthy banker in India, owned large estates in Malaysia, served as a British military officer, and held a number of important public offices in British India.

## Philately

Masson was a former Treasurer, Vice President and President of the Philatelic Society of India and a frequent contributor to the Philatelic Journal of India. He was a member of The Philatelic Society, London, now The Royal Philatelic Society London, and a Fellow of that society from 1899. He formed world class collections of Afghanistan and Kashmir, as well as important collections of Ceylon, Portuguese India, Sirmoor, Poonch and British India. His work showed that the so-called first issue of Kashmir was bogus, a feat which The London Philatelist called "...one of the most memorable and startling of accepted disclosures ever made in philately".

## Outside philately

Masson was born in Ross-shire in 1847. He lived much of his life in India. He was Managing Director of the Punjab Banking Co. of Lahore, Karachi and Kashmir. He served as ADC to the Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy of India, and for fifteen years was Lieutenant-Colonel in the 1st Punjab Volunteer Rifles. He was knighted on 20 July 1904. He was a Deputy Grand Master of Freemasonry in the Punjab, holder of the Volunteer Decoration, a Member of the Council of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab and a Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire.

## Death

Masson contracted a serious illness while inspecting his estates in Penang and was obliged to return to London, where he died on 30 December 1915. He left a widow, Therese Emilie Louise Masson, and a daughter, Marie Therese Stanley-Creek. He was buried at Brookwood Cemetery on 1 January 1916.

## Selected publications

* Jammu and Kashmir. (Two parts bound together) Calcutta & Lahore: Philatelic Society of India, 1900 & 1901. Online excerpts.
* Sirmoor I. Calcutta: Supplement to the British Journal of India, Vol. 10, 1906.
* The Postage Stamps of Afghanistan. Madras: Philatelic Society of India, 1908. (With B. Gordon Jones)
# 1991 NCAA Rifle Championships

The 1991 NCAA Rifle Championships were contested at the 11th annual competition to determine the team and individual national champions of NCAA co-ed collegiate rifle shooting in the United States. The championship was held at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York.
Three-time defending champions West Virginia once again retained the team championship, finishing 61 points ahead of Alaska in the team standings. It was the Mountaineers' seventh overall national title.
The individual champions were, for the smallbore rifle, Soma Dutta (UTEP), and Ann-Marie Pfiffner (West Virginia), for the air rifle.

## Qualification

Since there is only one national collegiate championship for rifle shooting, all NCAA rifle programs (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible. A total of six teams ultimately contested this championship.

## Results

* Scoring: The championship consisted of 120 shots by each competitor in smallbore and 40 shots per competitor in air rifle.

### Team title

| Rank | Team | Points |
| | West Virginia | 6,171 |
| | Alaska–Fairbanks | 6,110 |
| | Ohio State | 6,100 |
| 4 | Canisius | 6,077 |
| 5 | Murray State | 6,034 |
| 6 | St. John's (NY) | 6,016 |

### Individual events

| Event | Winner | Score |
| Smallbore | Soma Dutta, UTEP | 1,171 |
| Air rifle | Ann-Marie Pfiffner, West Virginia | 391 |
# Tupua

Tupua may refer to:
* The five principal gods of Niuean mythology, Fao, Fakahoko, Huanaki, Lage-iki, Lagi-atea
* Tipua, a spirit in Maori mythology
* Tupua Tamasese, the title of a paramount chief of Samoa
** Tufuga Efi, also known as Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi, former Prime Minister of Samoa
* Tupua (spider), a spider genus
# McCashney

McCashney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ben McCashney (born 1988), Australian racing driver
* Frank McCashney (born 1890), Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club
* Jim McCashney (born 1900), Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club
* John McCashney (footballer born 1884), Australian rules footballer who played for the South Melbourne Football Club
* John McCashney (footballer born 1932), Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club
# Alfred Kast

Alfred Kast (25 July 1856 in Illenau, near Achern – 7 January 1903) was a German internist.
He studied medicine at the Universities of Heidelberg, Freiburg and Leipzig, earning his doctorate in 1879. He served as an assistant to Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840–1921) in Heidelberg, Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (1839–1884) in Leipzig, and from 1881 was a clinical assistant to Christian Bäumler (1836–1933) at Freiburg. Here he also worked in the physiological-chemical institute. In 1886, he became an associate professor, followed by a directorship at Eppendorf Hospital in Hamburg (1888). He 1892 he was named professor of internal medicine at the University of Breslau.
Kast was instrumental in introducing phenacetin and the sulphonal group of drugs into medicine. His name is associated with "Kast’s syndrome", a condition synonymous to Mafucci syndrome.

## Written works

With surgeon Theodor Rumpel (1862–1923), he was co-author of an illustrated patho-anatomical atlas called: Pathologisch-anatomische Tafeln nach frischen Präparaten mit erläuterndem anatomisch-klinischem Text (Patho-anatomical panels for fresh preparations with explanatory anatomical-clinical text). Other works by Kast include:
* Ueber die Wirkung des Acetphenetidins. Written with chemist Oscar Hinsberg (1857-1939). Centralblatt für die medicinischen Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1887, 25: 145-148. On the introduction of phenacetin.
* Sulfonal, ein neues Schlafmittel. Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, 1888, 25: 309-314. On the introduction of sulphonal, earlier discovered by Eugen Baumann (1846-1896).
# Rudd government

Rudd Government may refer to the following Australian governments:
* Rudd government (2007–10)
* Rudd government (2013)
# List of ship launches in 1718

The list of ship launches in 1718 includes a chronological list of ships launched in 1718.
| Date | Country | Builder | Location | Ship | Class | Notes |
| 23 March | Great Britain | | Limehouse | Royal George | Full-rigged ship | For South Company. |
| 6 May | Republic of Venice | Zuanne di Francesco Venturini | Venice | San Pietro di Alcantara | Fourth rate | For Venetian Navy. |
| 14 May | Republic of Venice | Antonio di Piero Manzorini | Venice | Cigno | San Spiridon-class ship of the line | For Venetian Navy. |
| October | Great Britain | | River Thames | Vansittart | East Indiaman | For British East India Company. |
| Unknown date | Spain | | Barcelona | Cambi | Third rate | For Spanish Navy. |
| Unknown date | Russia | Admiralty Shipyard | Saint Petersburg | Lesnoe | Second rate | For Imperial Russian Navy (Лесное). |
# Douglas Hubble

Sir Douglas Vernon Hubble (25 December 1900 – 6 November 1981) was a paediatric endocrinologist, general practitioner, and professor of paediatrics and dean of medicine at the University of Birmingham. Hubble was principally notable for research into paediatric endocrinology and publishing a number of papers on the subject, which gave him a national reputation.

## Life and career

Hubble was born on 25 December 1900 to Harry Edward Hubble and Agnes Kate (née Field). He graduated from St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, qualifying with the Conjoint in 1924, and receiving the MBBS in 1926. He began his career as a general practitioner in Derby and joined Derbyshire Children's Hospital as a consultant in 1932, and obtaining the MD in 1934. He developed an interest in paediatric endocrinology, and gained a national reputation for his expertise after publishing numerous articles in the field. He worked simultaneously as a general practitioner and a specialist paediatrician until 1942, when he was appointed as a physician to the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary and Derby City Hospital. He resigned from general practice in 1948 following the formation of the National Health Service. In 1950 he gained membership of the Royal College of Physicians and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1954. He later joined the University of Birmingham Medical School in 1958 as the chair of paediatrics, and worked principally on the development of the Institute of Child Health. He became Public Orator of the university, and later became dean of the Faculty of Medicine in 1963. He was forced to retire from Birmingham in 1968, 3 years beyond his retiring age, but moved to Ethiopia to become the dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Addis Ababa University.
Hubble returned to England upon his retirement and settled in Newbury, Berkshire. He became deaf late in life and died from multiple myeloma on 6 November 1981 in Edinburgh.

## Honours

Hubble was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1966 and Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1971. He was awarded the James Spence Medal, the highest honour of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, in 1970; he also received the British Medical Association's Dawson Williams Prize. He was appointed Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1954.
# MV Miralda

MV Miralda was one of nine Anglo Saxon Royal Dutch/Shell oil tankers converted to become a Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The group is collectively known as the Rapana class.
Macoma was launched in July 1936 at Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Mij, Amsterdam as an oil tanker. Her conversion to a MAC ship was completed in January 1944.
As a MAC ship, she had no aircraft hangar, and continued to carry normal cargoes, although operating under Royal Navy control. Only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel. The British Ship Adoption Society, a Maritime Charity, was formed in the early part of the Second World War, with a large number of schools taking part in the scheme, amassing comforts for a particular ship and in return the children would receive letters of thanks and news from various ports around the world to which it would sail. the M.V Miralda was adopted by Styal Cottage Homes, a home colony and school for orphaned and destitute children of Manchester.
After the war, Miralda was reconverted and returned to merchant service as an oil tanker and served in that role until scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960. She was renamed Marisa in 1950.
# 成功

成功 is an Asian word meaning "success".
It may refer to:
* Chenggong, Taitung, township in Taitung, Taiwan
* Chenggong Station, railway station in Taichung, Taiwan
* National Cheng Kung University, university in Tainan, Taiwan
* Nguyễn Thành Công (원성공; 阮成功), South Korean singer from Vietnam in Boys Planet
* ROCS Cheng Kung (PFG2-1101), lead ship of eight Cheng Kung-class guided-missile frigates
* Seikō, 2009 single by Japanese rapper Kreva
* Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功; 1624–1662), Southern Ming general
# PED

PED, Ped-, or ped may refer to:

## Abbreviations

* Parliamentary estates directorate, the body responsible for the buildings and estate of the Palace of Westminster
* Performance-enhancing drugs, substances designed to enhance the metabolism of the human body in certain medical situations
* Personal emergency device, a one-way text paging device used in the mining industry
* Pipeline embolization device, a braided stent used for the treatment of brain aneurysms
* Platform edge door, another term for a platform screen door
* Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
* Pressure Equipment Directive, a set of standards for the design and manufacture of pressure equipment in the European Union
* Price elasticity of demand, in economics
* (S)-1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase, an enzyme
* Phazon Enhancement Device, a fictional apparatus in the science fiction video game Metroid Prime 3: Corruption
* PIN entry device (see PIN pad)

## Codes

* PED, IATA code for Pardubice Airport
* PED, ISO 639 code for the Mala language

### Other uses

* An English prefix of Greek origin, meaning "child"
* An English prefix of Latin origin, meaning "foot"
* Ped, a unit of soil structure such as an aggregate, crumb, prism, block, or granule, formed by natural processes
* , a musical symbol indicating use of the sustain pedal on a piano or other instrument so equipped
* Programmer's EDitor, a screen-oriented text editor from Norsk Data
# Alfred Kałuziński

Alfred Józef Kałuziński (21 December 1952 – 4 September 1997) is a former Polish handball player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
In 1976 he won the bronze medal with the Polish team. Four years later he was part of the Polish team which finished seventh.
# Vukšin Šipak

Vukšin Šipak is a settlement in the Jastrebarsko administrative area of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 310 people.
# Henry Abbot (martyr)

Henry Abbot (died 4 July 1597) was an English layman, himself a convert from the Church of England, who was executed at York for the alleged attempt to convert someone to the Catholic Church, which had been declared an act of treason under the Penal Laws enacted under Queen Elizabeth I. He is considered a martyr for the faith by the Catholic Church, which has beatified him.

## Biography

Henry Abbot was from Howden in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
His acts are thus related by Challoner:
    A certain Protestant minister, for some misdemeanour put into York Castle, to reinstate himself in the favour of his superiors, insinuated himself into the good opinion of the Catholic prisoners, by pretending a deep sense of repentance, and a great desire of embracing the Catholic truth . . . So they directed him, after he was enlarged, to Mr. Henry Abbot, a zealous convert who lived in Holden in the same country, to procure a priest to reconcile him . . . Mr. Abbot carried him to Carlton to the house of Esquire Stapleton, but did not succeed in finding a priest. Soon after, the traitor having got enough to put them all in danger of the law, accused them to the magistrates . . . They confessed that they had explained to him the Catholic Faith, and upon this they were all found guilty and sentenced to die.
George Errington, William Knight and William Gibson] were executed on 29 November 1596. Abbot was reprieved till the next July, when he was executed alongside William Andleby, Thomas Warcop, and Edward Fulthrop.
The first three were beatified on 22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II. Abbot was declared Venerable on 8 December 1929, and was beatified on 15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI as part of a group of 137 citizens of England and Wales who met that same fate.