OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gerhard Ringel

Gerhard Ringel (October 28, 1919 in Kollnbrunn, Austria – June 24, 2008 in Santa Cruz, California) was a German mathematician. He was one of the pioneers in graph theory and contributed significantly to the proof of the Heawood conjecture (now the Ringel–Youngs theorem), a mathematical problem closely linked with the four color theorem.
Although born in Austria, Ringel was raised in Czechoslovakia and attended Charles University before being drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1940 (after Germany had taken control of much of what had been Czechoslovakia). After the war Ringel served for over four years in a Soviet prisoner of war camp.
He earned his PhD from the University of Bonn in 1951 with a thesis written under the supervision of Emanuel Sperner and Ernst Peschl. Ringel started his academic career as professor at the Free University Berlin. In 1970 he left Germany due to bureaucratic consequences of the German student movement, and continued his career at the University of California, Santa Cruz, having been invited there by his coauthor, John W. T. (Ted) Youngs. He was awarded honorary doctorate degrees from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the Free University of Berlin.
Besides his mathematical skills he was a widely acknowledged entomologist. His main emphasis lay on collecting and breeding butterflies. Prior to his death, he gave his outstanding collection of butterflies to the UCSC Museum of Natural History Collections.

## Publications

* Ringel, Gerhard; Youngs, J.W.T. (1968). "Solution of the Heawood map-coloring problem". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 60 (2): 438–445. Bibcode:1968PNAS...60..438R. doi:10.1073/pnas.60.2.438. MR 0228378. PMC 225066. PMID 16591648.
* Ringel, Gerhard (1974). Map color theorem. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-65759-7. OCLC 679997454.
* Hartsfield, Nora; Ringel, Gerhard (1990). Pearls in Graph Theory. Boston, MA: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-328552-6.
# Düker

Düker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Düker (born 1992), German footballer
* Heinrich Düker (1898–1986), German psychologist, politician, and academic
* Julius Düker (born 1996), German footballer
# German submarine U-733

German submarine U-733 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 13 October 1941 at the Schichau-Werke yard at Danzig, launched on 5 September 1942, and commissioned on 14 November 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Wilhelm von Trotha.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-733 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-733 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

On 8 April 1943, U-733 collided with Vorpostenboot V 313 outside Gotenhafen port and sank without fatalities. The next week, U-733 was raised and repaired in the Schichau yard. On 15 December 1943, U-733 was re-commissioned under the command of Oblt.z.S. Hans Hellmann. On 5 May 1945, U-733 transferred to Flensburg, were the U-boat was attacked by US aircraft and scuttled after receiving heavy damage.
# German submarine U-736

German submarine U-736 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 29 November 1941 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 16 January 1943 with Oberleutnant zur See Reinhard Reff in command.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-736 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-736 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

U-736 was severely damaged on 24 May 1944 by a Consolidated Liberator from No. 224 Squadron RAF, aircraft letter 'C', and then shot down a British Vickers Wellington aircraft.

## Fate

U-736 was sunk on 6 August 1944 in the Bay of Biscay west of St. Nazaire, in position 47°19′N 4°16′W﻿ / ﻿47.317°N 4.267°W﻿ / 47.317; -4.267, by Squid depth charges from HMS Loch Killin; there were 19 survivors and 28 dead.
The U-boat captain, Oberleutnant zur See Reinhard Reff, had fired a torpedo at HMS Loch Killin and the periscope was spotted by a port lookout. Action stations rang out through the ship and depth charges shot out in record time. The torpedo was destroyed by the explosion, which was so violent that it forced the damaged U-736 to surface under the stern of the frigate. For a few minutes both vessels were locked together and the survivors of the crew scrambled onto the quarterdeck of Loch Killin to the bewilderment of the frigate's crew. Then U-736 slipped away taking the other crew members to the bottom. The prisoners were disembarked to another warship returning to England and Loch Killin continued on patrol.
# Gerze District

Gerze District is a district of the Sinop Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Gerze. Its area is 487 km$^2$, and its population is 27,967 (2022).

## Composition

There is one municipality in Gerze District:
* Gerze
There are 43 villages in Gerze District:
* Abdaloğlu
* Acısu
* Akgüney
* Akkıraç
* Altınyayla
* Başsökü
* Belören
* Bolalı
* Boyalı
* Boyalıca
* Çağlayan
* Çakallı
* Çeçe
* Çırnık
* Gürsökü
* Güzelyurt
* Hacıselli
* Hıdırlı
* Hizarçayı
* Kabanlar
* Kahramaneli
* Karlı
* Kirençukuru
* Kızılcalı
* Kuzsökü
* Mahmuttırı
* Pirahmet
* Sarımsak
* Sarıyer
* Sarnıçköy
* Sazak
* Şeyhli
* Sorkun
* Tatlıcak
* Tepealtı
* Tokuşlar
* Türkmen
* Türkmenlioğlu
* Yakadibi
* Yamacık
* Yaykıl
* Yenikent
* Yuvalı
# Natalie Khor

Natalie Khor Pei Kee (traditional Chinese: 許佩琪; simplified Chinese: 许佩琪; Jyutping: Heui2 Pui3 Kei4; pinyin: Xǔ Pèiqí; born 17 September 1984) is the Miss Hong Kong International Goodwill 2005.

## Early life

She is a single child in her family, born to a father from Malaysia and a mother from Hong Kong. Khor was born in London, raised in Hong Kong, completed in high school in the US, and went to university in Australia.

## Pageant

In 2005 she competed in the Miss Hong Kong Pageant. At the pageant, she won the title of Miss International Goodwill. She travelled to several countries in Southeast Asia and Chinese to promote the tourism in Hong Kong. In additions, she hosted some shows and performed in charity shows in Hong Kong.

## Career

After the pageant, Khor became a qualified accountant and completed a Master's degree. She has worked for the global accounting firm Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited.
Khor is currently a spokesperson for Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC). She has appeared on local financial channel talk shows, providing market commentaries.
# Ghazi Minara

Ghazi Minara is a small village located in Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. It lies near a railway crossing on 3 km Lahore-Sargodha Road. The village was rich in terms of agriculture. However, due to increasing population, most of the land has been commercialized. It is close to the historical site Hiran Minar.
* This article about a location in Sheikhupura District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Get Over It! (album)

Get Over It! is the second full-length album by American pop punk band Care Bears on Fire, released on S-Curve Records on July 14, 2009. While the band wrote most of the material themselves, they collaborated with Adam Schlesinger of Fountains of Wayne and Travis Clark of We the Kings on a handful of songs.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Jason Lymangrover of AllMusic found that the album's music more closely resembled "mall-punk" in the vein of "the type of rock you might hear on Radio Disney", but wrote that "the girls do manage to channel the punk spirit of yesteryear with bratty adolescent rebelliousness", while highlighting the tracks "that break away from bratty exclamations and explore the true issues of being a teenage girl". Robert Christgau found the album "mildly enjoyable", describing it as "bratty-dreaming-slutty, its assorted putdowns less punk than they thought".
# Eastern Professional Hockey League

Eastern Professional Hockey League may refer to several North American professional ice hockey leagues:
* Eastern Professional Hockey League (1914–15), Canada-U.S.; successor to the Maritime Professional Hockey League
* Eastern Professional Hockey League (1959–1963), Canada
* Eastern Professional Hockey League (2008–09), U.S.
# German submarine U-200

German submarine U-200 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
The submarine was laid down on 3 November 1941 at the AG Weser yard at Bremen as yard number 1046, launched on 10 August 1942 and commissioned on 22 December 1942 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Heinrich Schonder. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, the boat was transferred to the 12th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service from 1 June 1943.
She was sunk south-west of Iceland by depth charges from a British aircraft.

## Design

German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-200 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), a pressure hull length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in), a beam of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and a draught of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-200 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.

## Service history

U-200's first and only operational war patrol began on 12 June 1943. The new submarine departed Kiel and sailed north of the British Isles, through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and into the Atlantic Ocean. On 24 June 1943 the U-boat was located by the RAF and sunk with all hands in position 58°15′N 25°25′W﻿ / ﻿58.250°N 25.417°W﻿ / 58.250; -25.417 by depth charges from a British Consolidated B-24 Liberator of 120 Squadron. This was initially reported to be an attack on U-194 which was sunk on the same day, but that submarine was sunk by aircraft of a different unit.
All 68 souls aboard U-200, including seven members of the German 'Brandenburg' special forces, were lost.
# Nathan Curiel

Nathan Curiel (1666-1737), alias Alvaro Nunes da Costa, was a member of the Curiel family and Agent of the Portuguese Crown in Amsterdam.
Curiel was born to Moses Curiel and Ribca Curiel (née Abas). There is speculation that he was named Nathan after Nathan of Gaza, a notable Jewish theologian who was still alive at the time of Nathan Curiel's birth.
Curiel had an early interest in botany and sponsored exploration to discover new flowers in the Far East. He introduced many new varieties of plants to the Portuguese Court. Curiel had a large gardens at his home in Amsterdam. Jonathan Israel wrote, 'The effort which went into cultivating fine gardens, we may conclude, was yet another means of seizing the attention of visiting envoys and aristocrats.'
Israel notes that Curiel possessed a 'medieval illuminated Hebrew Bible of expectational beauty' which his father, Moses Curiel, had purchased from a Spanish Jew from North Africa. According to Israel, this Bible is considered 'the oldest and most venerable item possessed by Dutch Jewry.'
# Easy Come, Easy Go (1947 film)

Easy Come, Easy Go is a 1947 American comedy drama film directed by John Farrow and starring Barry Fitzgerald, Diana Lynn and Sonny Tufts. It was produced and distributed by Hollywood studio Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

Martin Donovan's compulsive gambling leaves him constantly broke and under arrest from a gambling-house raid. He also places bets for tenants of his boardinghouse, who lose their money and ability to pay the rent.
Martin's daughter, Connie, is courted by cabbie Kevin O'Connor and cop Dale Whipple while her dad fears losing her. Kevin wins her heart, but loses every cent due to taking Martin's betting advice. When the two men are arrested, a disgusted Connie bails them out but leaves Kevin for the more responsible Dale.
Tim Donovan, brother of Martin, has a job with the police as a diver. He and Martin come upon a sunken treasure, but Martin, whose philosophy is "easy come, easy go," promptly squanders all the loot. Not knowing what else to do, Connie tries to solve her dad's debts by taking bets on a horse race. Dale ends up arresting her. The horse wins, but it takes a car accident for Martin to finally see the light and the error of his ways.

## Cast

* Barry Fitzgerald as Martin L. Donovan
* Diana Lynn as Connie Donovan
* Sonny Tufts as Kevin O'Connor
* Dick Foran as Dale Whipple
* Frank McHugh as Carey
* Allen Jenkins as Nick
* John Litel as Tom Clancy
* Arthur Shields as Timothy Mike Donovan
* Frank Faylen as Boss
* James Burke as Harry Weston
* George Cleveland as Gilligan
* Ida Moore as Angela Orange
* Rhys Williams as Priest
# German submarine U-2538

German submarine U-2538 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 24 October 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2538. She was launched on 6 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Heinrich Klapdor on 16 February 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2538 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2538 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2538 was scuttled on 8 May 1945, at 0445 hrs, southwest of Ærø, near Marstal, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up in 1950.
Original location of wreck was 54°53′5″N 10°15′7″E﻿ / ﻿54.88472°N 10.25194°E﻿ / 54.88472; 10.25194
# German submarine U-2535

German submarine U-2535 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 19 October 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2535. She was launched on 16 December 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Otto Bitter on 28 January 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2535 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2535 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2535 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at Travemünde, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Ecliptopera

Ecliptopera is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

## Species

* Ecliptopera acalles (Prout, 1938)
* Ecliptopera albogilva Prout, 1931
* Ecliptopera angustaria (Leech, 1897)
* Ecliptopera atricolorata (Grote & Robinson, 1867)
* Ecliptopera benigna (Prout, 1914)
* Ecliptopera capitata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839)
* Ecliptopera ctenoplia Prout, 1931
* Ecliptopera delecta (Butler, 1880)
* Ecliptopera dentifera (Moore, 1888)
* Ecliptopera dimita (Prout, 1938)
* Ecliptopera dissecta (Moore, 1887)
* Ecliptopera falsiloqua (Prout, 1938)
* Ecliptopera fastigiata (Püngeler, 1908)
* Ecliptopera fervidaria (Leech, 1897)
* Ecliptopera fulvidorsata (Warren, 1894)
* Ecliptopera fulvotincta (Hampson, 1895)
* Ecliptopera furva (Swinhoe, 1891)
* Ecliptopera furvoides (Thierry-Mieg, 1915)
* Ecliptopera haplocrossa (Prout, 1938)
* Ecliptopera leucoglyphica (Warren, 1898)
* Ecliptopera litterata (West, 1929)
* Ecliptopera lucrosa Prout, 1940
* Ecliptopera macarthuri (Prout, 1938)
* Ecliptopera mixtilineata (Hampson, 1895)
* Ecliptopera muscicolor Prout, 1931
* Ecliptopera oblongata (Guenee, 1858)
* Ecliptopera obscurata (Moore, 1868)
* Ecliptopera odontoplia Prout, 1935
* Ecliptopera phaula Prout, 1933
* Ecliptopera postpallida (Prout, 1938)
* Ecliptopera pryeri (Butler, 1878)
* Ecliptopera recordans Prout, 1940
* Ecliptopera rectilinea Warren, 1894
* Ecliptopera relata (Butler, 1880)
* Ecliptopera sagittatoides (Pagenstecher, 1900)
* Ecliptopera silaceata – small phoenix (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
* Ecliptopera subapicalis (Hampson, 1891)
* Ecliptopera subfalcata (Warren, 1893)
* Ecliptopera subnubila Prout, 1940
* Ecliptopera substituta (Walker, 1866)
* Ecliptopera thalycra Prout, 1928
* Ecliptopera triangulifera (Moore, 1888)
* Ecliptopera umbrosaria (Motschulsky, [1861])
* Ecliptopera zaes Prout, 1932
* Ecliptopera zophera Prout, 1931
# Ecliptopera dissecta

Ecliptopera dissecta is a moth of the family Geometridae.
# Germany women's national under-21 football team

The Germany women's national under-21 football team represents the female under-21s of Germany and is controlled by the German Football Association, the governing body of football in Germany. The team has not been active since 2006.
# Echoes of Time and the River

Echoes of Time and the River (Echoes II) is an orchestral suite by the American composer George Crumb. It was commissioned by the University of Chicago to commemorate the university's 75th anniversary. The piece was first performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra conducted by Irwin Hoffman at the University of Chicago's Mandel Hall on May 26, 1967. The piece was awarded the 1968 Pulitzer Prize for Music.

## Structure

Echoes of Time and the River has a duration of approximately 18 minutes and is cast in four movements:
* Frozen Time
* Remembrance of Time
* Collapse of Time
* Last Echoes of Time

## Instrumentation

The work is scored for a large orchestra consisting of three flutes (doubling piccolo), three clarinets (doubling E-flat clarinet), three horns, three trumpets, three trombones, timpani, six percussionists, two pianos (doubling celesta), mandolin, harp, and strings.