OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Allochares azureus

Allochares azureus is a species of spider wasp from the family Pompilidae, it is the only member of the monotypic genus Allochares. It occurs in the southern part of North America and is a specialist parasitoid of the Southern house spider.

## Description

Allochares azureus is a distinctive species of spider wasp, especially in the shape of the head which is convex in the front and concave in its rear, this is especially marked in the males. It also has a characteristic excavated propodeum which has conical teeth pointing towards the wasp's posterior. The females lack a tarsal comb. The body of the wasp is black but the short hairs cause it to have blue or green iridescence. The females measure 9–13.5mm on length and the males 7-10mm.

## Distribution

Allochares azureus is found only in the southern part of the Nearctic realm in the most southern parts of the United States from Florida to California south to the Mexivan states of Jalisco and Veracruz.

## Biology

Allochares azureus has a distinctive biology among spider wasps. Following mating the female hunts for a southern house spider (Kukulcania hibernalis). Searching for prey on foot with short rapid rushes and flicking of wings, it will make short flights of a metre or so between hunting sites. Once a spider is found the wasp moves to the centre of the web where the spider has a tube like retreat which the wasp enters. The spider reacts to the wasp by retreating away from its web and finding a hiding place in a fissure or another spider's web where it hides and tries to remain motionless, the wasp seems unable to detect the spider so long as it is still. The wasp continues to search and if it touches the spider, the spider will try to retreat and the wasp will pursue it. The lack of spines and modified tarsal claws shown by A. azureus appear to be an adaptation to this as their presence could probably cause the wasp to get tangled in the velcro like threads of the spider's web. The female attacks the spider from behind, sometimes flipping it on its back and paralyses the spider with a sting in the venter . The paralysed spider is then dragged, sometimes vertically, back to its web or to another unoccupied web and is secured in the web by the female using the spider's own silk strands to wrap it in and lays an egg on it. The egg hatches in 2–3 days, the larva the feeds on the spider for 10–12 days before it pupates in the web, building a distinct cocoon which has its outer surface covered in long silky hairs. This species has a number of generations in a year. The adults have been observed or caught feeding on flowers of Baccharis and Solidago, and also Acacia, Asclepias, Condalia, Hyptis emoryi and Colubrina texensis.
# Charles of Sicily

Charles of Sicily may refer to the following kings:
* Charles I of Sicily (r. 1266–1282)
* Charles II of Sicily (r. 1516–1554), also king of Spain and Naples and Holy Roman emperor
* Charles III of Sicily (r. 1665–1700), also king of Spain and Naples
* Charles IV of Sicily (r. 1720–1735), also king of Naples and Holy Roman emperor
* Charles V of Sicily (r. 1735–1759), also king of Spain and Naples
# Borovnica, Zavidovići

Borovnica is a village in the municipality of Zavidovići, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 510.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 506 | 99.2% |
| Croats | 0 | 0.0% |
| Serbs | 0 | 0.0% |
| other/undeclared | 4 | 0.8% |
| Total | 510 | 100% |
# Brashares

Brashares is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ann Brashares (born 1967), American writer
* Charles Wesley Brashares (1891–1982), American Methodist bishop
# Żywiec Landscape Park

Żywiec Landscape Park (Żywiecki Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in southern Poland. It was established in 1986 and covers an area of 359 square kilometres (139 sq mi).
The Park lies within Silesian Voivodeship and is named after the town of Żywiec.
49°33′27″N 19°12′02″E﻿ / ﻿49.5575°N 19.2006°E﻿ / 49.5575; 19.2006
* This Silesian Voivodeship location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Polish protected area-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ozognathus

Ozognathus is a genus of death-watch and spider beetles in the family Ptinidae. They are native to the Americas.

## Species

There are 11 recognized species of Ozognathus.
Selected species:
* Ozognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859)
* Ozognathus dubius Fall, 1905
* Ozognathus floridanus LeConte, 1878
# 9th Air Command

The 9th Air Command (Serbo-Croatian: 9. vazduhoplovna komanda/ 9. ваздухопловна команда) was a joint unit of Yugoslav Air Force.

## History

It was established by the order from June 27, 1959, year due to the "Drvar" reorganization plan of Yugoslav Air Force from the 21st Aviation Division with command at Mostar. In 1961 it suffered a changes in the organization.
By the new "Drvar 2" reorganization plan of Yugoslav Air Force, 3rd Air Command has been disbanded. Its units were attached to 5th Aviation Corps.
The commanders of Air command was Radoje Ljubić.

## Organization
### 1959-1961

* 5th Air Command
*** 229th Signal Battalion
*** Liaison Squadron of 9th Air Command
*** Light Combat Aviation Squadron of 9th Air Command
*** 122nd Hydroplane Liaison Squadron
*** 16th Reconnaissance Squadron of Anti-Aircraft Artillery
** 83rd Fighter Aviation Regiment
** 172nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
** 97th Support Aviation Regiment
** 84th Air Base
** 171st Air Base
** 423rd Air Base

### 1961-1964

* 5th Air Command
*** 229th Signal Battalion
*** 893rd Liaison Aviation Squadron
*** 678th Transport Aviation Squadron
*** 122nd Hydroplane Liaison Squadron
*** 16th Reconnaissance Squadron of Anti-Aircraft Artillery
** 83rd Fighter Aviation Regiment
** 172nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
** 97th Support Aviation Regiment
** 84th Air Base
** 171st Air Base
** 423rd Air Base

## Headquarters

* Mostar

## Commanding officers

* Colonel Radoje Ljubić
# Belvedér

The Belvedér (German and English: Belvedere) is the oldest viewing point in Bohemian Switzerland in the Czech Republic. It is located near Labská Stráň high above the Elbe valley.

## History

Prince Franz-Karl Clary-Aldringen had the viewing terrace laid out at the beginning of the 18th century. An artificial alcove was used for theatre performances and similar events. It was initially decorated by a theatre mask, later by the coat of arms of the princely family. The site was used for recreation and accommodation by the nobility.
An avenue links the Belvedér to their former summer residence – Binsdorf Castle. When the castle burned down in 1790, interest in the viewing point was lost.
As a result, the site became open to tourists. In 1889 a large restaurant opened, that was used after 1945 as a factory holiday home. After 1990 it was privatised again and upgraded into a hotel.

## Views

Perched 130 metres over the Elbe the Belvedér has a wonderful view of the Elbe valley. Immediately opposite in the deeply incised Elbe valley is the small village of Dolní Žleb, further downstream the settlements of Čertova Voda and Podskalí can be made out; all three located within the municipal territory of Děčín. In clear weather there are views as far as the city of Děčín.
# Enemy Engaged 2

Enemy Engaged 2 is the sequel to Enemy Engaged: RAH-66 Comanche vs. KA-52 Hokum (EECH) and the third game in the Enemy Engaged series. It was developed by Serbian studio Gameyus Interactive in 2007. Though the sequel was improved in some ways compared to the previous game, it has been highly criticized for its lack of new features. Many improvements were already implemented in the modded version of EECH. Some commentators also felt it was not ready for release considering the large amount of bugs it contained. The biggest improvement can be seen in the efficient, modern-looking graphics of the game.
Unlike for EECH, the source code for Enemy Engaged 2 has not been released, the graphics system for it cannot be easily ported to EECH, and the EECH mods cannot yet be ported to Enemy Engaged 2 without it.
An expansion pack, Enemy Engaged 2: Desert Operations, was released in 2008.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 58/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Eurogamer | 5/10 |
| GameSpot | 6/10 |
| GameZone | 5.5/10 |
| PC Format | 79% |
| PC Gamer (UK) | 56% |
| PC Gamer (US) | 59% |
| PC Zone | 44% |
Enemy Engaged 2 received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. The general consensus was that EECH modded was preferable to the sequel.
Eurogamer's Oliver Clare said: "Get hold of a copy of EECH (a fairly recent budget release means there's still plenty floating around) download and install the convenient 500MB mod compilation from www.eechcentral.com, and - hey[,] presto - you've got a game that looks as good as EE2 (in most respects at least) runs better, is more polished, and comes with tons more content. Bolstered with a bevy of visual and realism tweaks, a dozen extra campaigns, and a hangar of new flyables (all admittedly utilising the Apache and Havoc cockpit) the original EECH is more than a match for this rough-edged requel." GameSpot's Brett Todd summarized: "If you're happy with the original Enemy Engaged, stick with it. It's cheap, authentic, and can be modified into modernity with the loads of fan-made free content available online. But if you've never played the original game in the series, this might not be a bad starting point."
# Alexander Shepherd (public servant)

Alexander Shepherd (c. 1797/98 – 20 July 1859) was the second Colonial Treasurer of New Zealand.

## Biography

Shepherd was born in Aberdeen. He arrived in Wellington on the New York Packet from London in 1842, where he was delayed by a month before the next vessel went to Auckland, then the seat of the Government.
Shepherd was appointed Colonial Treasurer on 9 May 1842, succeeding George Cooper. He thus became a member of the Executive Council of the Crown Colony, with the role of Colonial Treasurer being the fourth most senior role at the time (after Governor, Colonial Secretary and Attorney-General). When New Zealand gained self-government with the formation of the Fitzgerald Ministry on 14 June 1854, Shepherd's role was disestablished and he was given a government pension.
Shepherd's stepdaughter, Jane Augusta Griffith, married Frederick Whitaker at St. Paul's Church in Auckland on 4 March 1843. His second daughter, Cecilia Mary, married Maurice O'Rorke on 31 December 1858.
Shepherd died on 20 July 1859 aged 61 years in Auckland after a short illness.
# Vollersroda

Vollersroda is a municipality in the Weimarer Land district of Thuringia, Germany.
# Borsari's Corner

Borsari's Corner is at the intersection of Lygon and Grattan Streets, in Carlton, Victoria, Australia.

## History

The corner is named after Nino Borsari, a member of the Gold medal-winning Italian pursuit cycling team at the 1932 Olympics, who was competing in Australia when World War II broke out. Unable to return home, he established a bicycle repair shop on the corner in 1941. It is located by the intersection of Lygon Street and Grattan Streets, in Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
In the late 1940s, a neon sign of Borsari was erected, and is currently of heritage significance. Borsari was active in the local Italian community, organising cultural and welfare activities.
The corner has become so well known that in 1967 Italian president Giuseppe Saragat delivered a speech at the spot.
# Maculelê (stick dance)

Maculelê (Portuguese pronunciation:) is an Afro-Brazilian stick-dance from Bahia.
Maculele, a stick fighting dance from Santo Amaro, was introduced to a wider audience by Viva Bahia, a capoeira theater group founded in 1963. Viva Bahia's founder, Emília Biancardi, had researched Bahian folklore for many years and integrated maculele into her group's performances. Major capoeira groups, such as those led by mestres Bimba, Pastinha, and Canjiquinha, soon adopted maculele as well.

## Origins

The German painter Rugendas observed African slaves stick fighting during the 1820s in Brazil:
   It is also necessary to mention a sort of military dance: two troops armed with poles stand in front of each other, and the skill consists for each to avoid the thrusts that the adversary strikes at him.
That stick fighting and dancing have endured into the twentieth century through forms like maculêlê.

## Form

In the roda, one or more atabaques positioned at the entrance of the circle. Each person brandishes a pair of long sticks, traditionally made from biriba, canzi, or pitia wood from Brazil. The sticks, called grimas, traditionally measure 20–24 inches (50–60 cm) long by 1+1⁄8 inches (3 cm) thick. As the Maculelê rhythm plays on the atabaque, the people in the circle begin rhythmically striking the sticks together. The leader sings, and the people in the circle respond by singing the chorus of the songs. When the leader gives the signal to begin playing Maculelê, two people enter the circle, and to the rhythm of the atabaque, they begin striking their own and each other's sticks together. On the first three beats, they strike their own sticks together, making expressive and athletic dance movements, and on each fourth beat, they strike each other's respective right-hand stick together. This makes for a dance that looks like "mock stick combat". (Also, traditionally in Maculelê, the players wear dried grass skirts).
Maculelê has steps similar to many other Brazilian dances such as "frevo" from Pernambuco, "Moçambique" from São Paulo, "Cana-verde" from Vassouras-RJ, "Bate-pau" from Mato Grosso, "Tudundun" from Pará among others.

## Capoeira

In some capoeira schools, students perform maculelê using a pair of machetes or facones (facão in Portuguese; plural: facões). These large knives are associated with the tools used by slaves in plantations. The knives spark as they strike in the air, and the sparks along with the sounds of the knives striking one another make this performance particularly impressive. Because a fast moving dance with large knives is dangerous, only very experienced capoeiristas will use knives.

## In popular culture

Maculelê was performed as a group dance in the Canadian version of So You Think You Can Dance.
# David Harcourt-Smith

Air Chief Marshal Sir David Harcourt-Smith, GBE, KCB, DFC (14 October 1931 – 4 August 2024) was a Royal Air Force officer who served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command from 1984 to 1986. He is the author of Wings Over Suez, an account of air operations during the Sinai and Suez wars.

## RAF career

Educated at Felsted School and the Royal Air Force College Cranwell, Harcourt-Smith was commissioned into the Royal Air Force in 1952. He flew the DH Venom fighter-bomber in the Suez Crisis and Aden Emergency, where he won the Distinguished Flying Cross for gallantry and devotion to duty in 1957.
Harcourt-Smith was appointed Officer Commanding No. 54 Squadron in 1963 and Officer Commanding No. 6 Squadron in 1969 before moving on to be Station Commander at RAF Bruggen in 1972 and Commandant of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in 1978. He went on to be Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Operational Requirements) in 1980, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command in 1984 and Controller of Aircraft in 1986. As Controller of Aircraft he oversaw the introduction of the Tucano training aircraft. He retired in 1989.

## Personal life and death

In 1957 Harcourt-Smith married Dorothy Mary Entwistle; they had two sons and one daughter. He died on 4 August 2024, at the age of 92.
# Ovindoli

Ovindoli (Abruzzese: Dvinnërë) is a village and comune of the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. Close to Rome, it is a resort for both summer and winter sports, including hiking, biking, equestrian activities and downhill and cross-country skiing.

## Geography

Ovindoli lies in the Apennine Mountains of Abruzzo, within the regional park of Sirente-Velino.

## History

Ovindoli became known a popular destination for downhill skiing following World War I, but it was not until 1959 that the mountain organized as a modern ski resort; at the time, it was called Valturvema. During the 1961–62 season, ski lifts began operating and the trails were expanded. Charles Rogers, an American working at that time in the US Embassy in Rome, served as President of the Society that worked to further develop the area as a ski resort and oversaw expansion activities. In 1994, the ski resort changed management and was named Monte Magnola and modernized with new trails, ski lifts and snow making capabilities.

## Twin towns

The town has been twinned with the following towns:
* Tarxien, Malta

## Climate

Climate data for Ovindoli, elevation 1,363 m (4,472 ft), (1951–2000) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 3.6 (38.5) | 6.2 (43.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 15.4 (59.7) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 12.7 (54.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 3.5 (38.3) | 11.9 (53.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) | −0.5 (31.1) | 1.8 (35.2) | 5.0 (41.0) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 3.2 (37.8) | 0.0 (32.0) | 6.8 (44.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) | −4.6 (23.7) | −2.5 (27.5) | 0.2 (32.4) | 4.4 (39.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 8.3 (46.9) | 8.2 (46.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 2.6 (36.7) | −0.7 (30.7) | −3.4 (25.9) | 1.7 (35.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 77.9 (3.07) | 88.5 (3.48) | 74.0 (2.91) | 94.0 (3.70) | 65.4 (2.57) | 52.4 (2.06) | 40.4 (1.59) | 36.7 (1.44) | 66.8 (2.63) | 102.1 (4.02) | 144.5 (5.69) | 118.8 (4.68) | 961.5 (37.84) |
| Average precipitation days | 8.4 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 10.2 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 95.6 |
| Source: Regione Abruzzo ||||||||||||||
# Raymond's algorithm

Raymond's Algorithm is a lock based algorithm for mutual exclusion on a distributed system. It imposes a logical structure (a K-ary tree) on distributed resources. As defined, each node has only a single parent, to which all requests to attain the token are made.

## Algorithm
### Nodal properties

* Each node has only one parent to whom received requests are forwarded
* Each node maintains a FIFO queue of requests each time that it sees the token;
* If any node is forwarding privilege to other node and has non-empty queue then it forwards a request message along

### Algorithm

* If a node i (not holding the token) wishes to receive the token in order to enter into its critical section, it sends a request to its parent, node j.
** If node j FIFO is empty, node j shifts i into its FIFO queue; j then issues a request to its parent, k, that it desires the token
** If node j FIFO queue is not empty, it simply shifts i into the queue
* When node k has token and receives the request from j it sends token to j and sets j as its parent
* When node j receives the token from k, it forwards the token to i and i is removed from the queue of j
** If the queue of j is not empty after forwarding the token to i, j must issue a request to i in order to get the token back
Note: If j wishes to request a token, and its queue is not empty, then it places itself into its own queue. Node j will utilize the token to enter into its critical section if it is at the head of the queue when the token is received.

## Complexity

Raymond's algorithm is guaranteed to be O(log n) per critical section entry if the processors are organized into a K-ary tree. Additionally, each processor needs to store at most O(log n) bits because it must track O(1) neighbors.
# Belvedere of Spreading Righteousness

The Belvedere of Spreading Righteousness (simplified Chinese: 弘义阁; traditional Chinese: 弘義閣; Manchu: ᠵᡠᡵᡤᠠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᠰᡝᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᡵᡝ ᠠᠰᠠᡵᡳ jurgan be selgiyere asari) is a building in Forbidden City's Outer Court, in Beijing, China.
# Epectaptera metochria

Epectaptera metochria is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1912. It is found in Colombia.
# Vollertsen

Vollertsen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frank Vollertsen (born 1958), German scientist
* Julie Vollertsen (born 1959), American volleyball player and coach
* Norbert Vollertsen (born 1958), German physician and human rights activist
# Robert Blagden Hale

Robert Blagden Hale (29 September 1807 – 22 July 1883) was a British Conservative politician.
Hale was the son of his namesake, Robert Hale Blagden Hale and Lady Theodosia Eleanor Bourke, daughter of Joseph Bourke, 3rd Earl of Mayo. He married Anne Jane, daughter of George Peter Holford, in 1832 and, before her death in 1879, they had five children: Anne Hale (1832–1895); Robert Hale (1834–1907); Matthew Holford Hale (born 1835); Theodosia Hale; and, Georgina Hale.
Hale was first elected Conservative MP for West Gloucestershire at a by-election in 1836—caused by the succession of Lord Worcester to the peerage as Duke of Beaufort—and held the seat until the 1857 general election when he did not seek re-election.
Outside of his political career, Hale was a Justice of the Peace and, in 1870, the High Sheriff of Gloucestershire.
# Bosque (disambiguation)

A bosque is a forested area that forms on the flood plains of a river or stream; typically in the southwestern United States, from a Spanish word for woodlands.
Bosque may also refer to:

## Business, media and entertainment

* Bosque (journal), a scientific forestry journal published by the Southern University of Chile
* Bosque (programming language), designed and developed by Microsoft
* "Bosque", a 2022 song by No Money Enterprise featuring Bently, Vita and Redback

## Places

* Bosque River, Texas, U.S.
* Bosque County, Texas
* Bosque, New Mexico, Valencia County, U.S.
* Bosque School, a preparatory school in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, U.S.

## Other uses

* Bosques de las Lomas, a section of Mexico (City), D.F., United Mexican States
* Ulmus parvifolia 'UPMTF', a Chinese Elm cultivar sold under the marketing name Bosque
# Madaya Light Railway

The Madaya Light Railway was a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge railway that terminated in Mandalay, Myanmar. The first section to Toungbyon, 8 miles long, opened in 1912. The railway was extended a further 8 miles to Madaya in 1917. The company operating the line went into liquidation in 1919, and the railway was taken over by the Government. The line was closed in 1927 when it was replaced by a metre gauge line. The first four locomotives for the line were obtained second hand from the Thanton – Duyinzaik Railway.
# David Mycock

David Mycock may refer to:
* David Mycock (footballer, born 1921), English football defender for Halifax Town and Wigan Athletic
* David Mycock (footballer, born 1969), English football defender for Rochdale