OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen

Waldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1450 – Köthen, 1 November 1508), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen.
He was the eldest son of George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, by his second wife Sophie, possibly a member of the House of Hohnstein.

## Life

In 1471, his father concluded a succession contract with Adolph I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen. Under the terms of this contract, George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, took over the government of half the principality of Anhalt-Köthen and became co-ruler with Adolf as "Mitherr." Shortly after, George renounced his rights in favor of Waldemar, who became the new co-ruler with Adolph I.
Adolph I died two years later, in 1473, and Waldemar then had to rule jointly with his half-brother and heir, Albert VI. The new Prince Albert died fifteen months later and was succeeded by his infant son Philip. Upon the death of Albert VI, two sons of Adolph I, Magnus and Adolph II, were included in the government of the principality.
During his lifetime, Waldemar also assumed the following titles: "Lord of Köthen" (in 1480), "Lord of Hoym" (in 1492), and "Lord of Burgscheidungen" (in 1496).
Philip died without issue in 1500 and Adolph I's sons formally renounced their rights to rule the principality eight years later. In consequence, Waldemar became the sole ruler of Anhalt-Köthen, but enjoyed this status for only a few months during the year 1508.
On his death, he was succeeded by his only surviving son, Wolfgang.

## Marriage and issue

In Köthen on 24 January 1485 Waldemar married Margarete (b. Rudolstadt, 16 June 1464 – d. Köthen, 1 August 1539), daughter of Günther XXXVI, Count of Schwarzburg and Lord of Arnstedt. They had four children:
* Barbara (b. 1486 – d. 10 August 1532), married on 25 November 1503 to Henry IV, Count of Plauen and Burggrave of Meissen, and secondly ca. 1521 to Jan Maštovský z Kolowrat (they separated on 10 June 1528).
* Waldemar (b. 1490 – d. young).
* Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (b. Köthen, 1 August 1492 – d. Zerbst, 23 March 1566).
* Margaret (b. Köthen, 12 November 1494 – d. Weimar, 7 October 1521), married on 13 November 1513 to John, Elector of Saxony.
# Waimea Canyon State Park

Waimea Canyon, also known as the Grand Canyon of the Pacific, is a large canyon, approximately ten miles (16 km) long and up to 3,000 feet (900 m) deep, located on the western side of Kauaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands of the United States. Waimea is Hawaiian for "reddish water", a reference to the erosion of the canyon's red soil. The canyon was formed by a deep incision of the Waimea River arising from the extreme rainfall on the island's central peak, Mount Waiʻaleʻale, among the wettest places on earth.

## Geology

The canyon is carved into the tholeiitic and post-shield calc-alkaline lavas of the canyon basalt. The lavas of the canyon provide evidence of massive faulting and collapse in the island's early history. The west side of the canyon is all thin, west-dipping lavas of the Napali Member. In contrast, the east side is very thick, flat-lying lavas of the Olokele and Makaweli Members. The two sides are separated by an enormous fault along which a large part of the island moved downwards in a big collapse.
The canyon has a unique geologic history as it was formed not only by the steady process of erosion but also by the catastrophic collapse of the volcano that created Kauaʻi.
Like the other Hawaiian islands, Kauaʻi is the top of an enormous volcano rising from the ocean floor. With lava flows dated to about 5 million years ago, Kauaʻi is the oldest of the large Hawaiian islands. Roughly 4 million years ago, while Kauaʻi was still erupting almost continuously, a portion of the island collapsed. This collapse formed a depression which then filled with lava flows.
In the time since, rainwater from the slopes of Mount Waiʻaleʻale have eroded Waimea Canyon along one edge of the collapse. On the east side of the canyon, the cliff walls are built from thick lava flows that pooled in the depression. Over time, the exposed basalt has weathered from its original black to bright red.

## Geography

Waimea Canyon State Park encompasses 1,866 acres (7.5 km$^2$) and is a popular tourist attraction on the island. It provides a wilderness area with numerous hiking trails. It can be accessed from Waimea on Hawaiʻi state road 550, which is 18 miles long and leads up to Kōkeʻe State Park. The island of Niʻihau, only a short distance west of Kauaʻi at that point, can be clearly seen from the highway.

## Gallery

* Waimea Canyon State Park, Kauai, Hawaii
* Red sand in Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii
* Waimea Canyon State Park Lookout, Kauai, Hawaii
* Helicopter tour to the Waipoo Falls, Kauai, Hawaii
* Upper Waipoo Falls, Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii
* Canyon Trail to Waipoo Falls, Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii
# Ambikeshwar railway station

Ambikeshwar railway station is a small railway station in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh. Its code is ABE. It serves Ambikeshwar village. The station consists of a single platform. The platform is not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.
The station lies on Gwalior Light Railway track which starts from Gwalior railway narrow-gauge station to Sheopur in Madhya Pradesh. The line was started in 1904 by Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia of Gwalior.

## Major trains

Some of the important trains that runs from Ambikeshwar are :
* Gwalior Sheopur NG Passenger
* Sabalgarh Gwalior NG Passenger
# Charles Auguste de Tornaco

Baron Charles Auguste de Tornaco de Vervoz (12 December 1763 – 10 December 1837) was a Luxembourgish industrialist and politician. He was born and died at the castle of Vervoz near Clavier, Liège.
The Tornaco family came from Sanem. In 1738, Emperor Charles VI had ennobled them by creating them Barons, for their services in the Habsburg Netherlands. Charles-Auguste was the youngest son of Baron Jean-Théodore de Tornaco.
In his early life, he was a cuirassier officer in the Austrian military. He left the army to become a noble member of the second chamber of the Dutch Estates-General.
Under the French occupation, Napoleon named him mayor of Luxembourg City by decree on 5 April 1811, an office he held until June 1814. He cared for the good of the city with a deep sense of duty, and also managed to represent the city's interests to the occupying forces. Of particular note is his care for the typhus-afflicted soldiers in the city.
Under William I he remained a member of the Estates-General. Tornaco was an ardent champion of the cause of the pro-Dutch Orangists, who wanted the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to remain in personal union with the Dutch King, and he rejected the Belgian Revolution of 1830. His two sons, who were more vehently active against the Belgian cause, were even decried as the "Tornaco mob".
From 1818 to 1827 he was mayor of Sanem, where the De Tornaco family were the lords of the castle.
Charles Auguste married Elisabeth de Berlo-Suys (1775-1856) on 11 November 1800 at Berloz. The couple had three children:
* Sidonie de Tornaco (1804-1876)
* Victor de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg
* Mathilde de Tornaco (1813-1885), married Florent de Berlaymont (1815-1884) on 21 May 1840
# Wake Forest Dance Festival

The Wake Forest Dance Festival is an annual public arts festival in Wake Forest, North Carolina. The festival is presented by ARTS Wake Forest and the Wege Foundation in partnership with the Wake Forest Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources.
The festival is a one-day event held in Autumn every year at E. Carroll Joyner Park in Wake Forest. It is free to the public. The festival features national and international professional dancers, local choreographers and dancers, and students of local dance schools. The festival is directed by Masha Dashkina Maddux, a former principal dancer with the Martha Graham Dance Company, and was founded in 2017. The festival has featured performances by the UNCG School of Dance, Carolina Ballet, Gaspard & Dancers, and the Paul Taylor Dance Company.
The festival awards scholarships to dance students who are performing.
# SC Luxembourg

Sporting Club Luxembourg are a now defunct Luxembourgian football team which was merged with Racing Club Luxembourg to become CA Spora Luxembourg in 1923. The club was founded on 26 May 1908.
# Waldsteinia fragarioides

Waldsteinia fragarioides (syn. Dalibarda fragarioides Michx. and Geum fragarioides, also called Appalachian barren strawberry, or just barren strawberry, is a low, spreading plant with showy yellow flowers that appear in early spring. This plant is often used as an underplanting in perennial gardens.
In some ways the appearance is similar to other low plants of the rose family such as Fragaria (strawberries) or Potentilla indica (Indian strawberry), but it lacks runners and has more rounded leaves.
It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and Maine south to Indiana and Pennsylvania (and as far south as North Carolina in the mountains).
It is evergreen.

## Conservation status in the United States

It is listed endangered in Connecticut, Illinois, and Maine, as threatened in New Hampshire, as a special concern in Massachusetts, and as rare in Indiana.

## Native American ethnobotany

The Iroquois take a compound decoction of the plants as a blood remedy, and apply a poultice of the smashed plants to snakebites.
# Waldstein (mountain range)

The Waldstein is a mountain range in the northern part of the Fichtel Mountains in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, in southern Germany.

## Geography

Its highest elevation is the Großer Waldstein which is 877 metres (2,877 ft) high. In addition, the Epprechtstein, the Kleiner Waldstein and the ridge of the Hallerstein Forest, south of the town Hallerstein are all located in this mountain range. To the east the Großer Kornberg is the end of the mountain chain, while in the west it falls gently away at Gefrees.

## Geology

Geologically the massif consists mainly of granite. The history of its orogeny begins in the Precambrian about 750–800 million years ago – almost 20% of the earth's history. Only a few of these mountain stump ranges (Rumpfgebirge) remain today.
* Crystal from the Waldstein
* Mountain crystal or berg-crystal
* Tourmaline

## Language and settlement

The eastern part of the Waldstein ridge forms an approximate linguistic boundary between the East Franconian and Bavarian dialects, because settlement developed along the rivers rising in the Fichtel Mountains: the Saale, White Main Ohře and Fichtelnaab.

## Structures

On the Großen Waldstein is the Großer Waldstein transmitter. On the Epprechtstein are the ruins of Epprechtstein Castle.

## Maps

* Fritsch Wanderkarte 1:50,000 scale - Fichtelgebirge-Steinwald

## Gallery

* Source of the River Saale
* Bear trap in the Waldstein
* The Waldsteinhaus
# Wake-sleep algorithm

The wake-sleep algorithm is an unsupervised learning algorithm for deep generative models, especially Helmholtz Machines. The algorithm is similar to the expectation-maximization algorithm, and optimizes the model likelihood for observed data. The name of the algorithm derives from its use of two learning phases, the “wake” phase and the “sleep” phase, which are performed alternately. It can be conceived as a model for learning in the brain, but is also being applied for machine learning.

## Description

The goal of the wake-sleep algorithm is to find a hierarchical representation of observed data. In a graphical representation of the algorithm, data is applied to the algorithm at the bottom, while higher layers form gradually more abstract representations. Between each pair of layers are two sets of weights: Recognition weights, which define how representations are inferred from data, and generative weights, which define how these representations relate to data.

## Training

Training consists of two phases – the “wake” phase and the “sleep” phase. It has been proven that this learning algorithm is convergent.

### The "wake" phase

Neurons are fired by recognition connections (from what would be input to what would be output). Generative connections (leading from outputs to inputs) are then modified to increase probability that they would recreate the correct activity in the layer below – closer to actual data from sensory input.

### The "sleep" phase

The process is reversed in the “sleep” phase – neurons are fired by generative connections while recognition connections are being modified to increase probability that they would recreate the correct activity in the layer above – further to actual data from sensory input.

## Extensions

Since the recognition network is limited in its flexibility, it might not be able to approximate the posterior distribution of latent variables well. To better approximate the posterior distribution, it is possible to employ importance sampling, with the recognition network as the proposal distribution. This improved approximation of the posterior distribution also improves the overall performance of the model.
# Wake-robin

Wake-robin, wakerobin, or wake robin are used in the common names of several species of flowering plants, including:
* Arum maculatum, a wake-robin (not to be confused with Trillium erectum)
* Pseudotrillium rivale, the brook wakerobin
* Various species of Trillium, including:
** Trillium albidum, the giant white wakerobin
** Trillium angustipetalum, the narrowpetal wakerobin
** Trillium catesbaei, the bashful wakerobin
** Trillium cernuum, a nodding wakerobin (not to be confused with Trillium flexipes)
** Trillium chloropetalum, the giant wakerobin
** Trillium decipiens, the Chattahoochee River wakerobin
** Trillium decumbens, the trailing wakerobin
** Trillium discolor, the mottled wakerobin
** Trillium erectum, a wake robin (not to be confused with Arum maculatum)
** Trillium flexipes, a nodding wakerobin (not to be confused with Trillium cernuum)
** Trillium foetidissimum, the Mississippi River wakerobin
** Trillium gracile, the Sabine River wakerobin
** Trillium grandiflorum, the white wake-robin
** Trillium kurabayashii, the giant purple wakerobin
** Trillium ludovicianum, the Louisiana wakerobin
** Trillium luteum, the yellow wakerobin
** Trillium maculatum, the spotted wakerobin
** Trillium ovatum, the western wakerobin
** Trillium persistens, the persistent wakerobin
** Trillium pusillum, the dwarf wakerobin
** Trillium recurvatum, the prairie wake-robin
** Trillium reliquum, the Confederate wakerobin
** Trillium rugelii, the illscented wakerobin
** Trillium sessile, a sessile-flowered wake-robin (not to be confused with other sessile-flowered trilliums)
** Trillium simile, the jeweled wakerobin
** Trillium stamineum, the Blue Ridge wakerobin
** Trillium sulcatum, the furrowed wakerobin
** Trillium texanum, the Texas wakerobin
** Trillium underwoodii, the longbract wakerobin
** Trillium undulatum, the smiling wake robin, also known as the striped wake-robin
** Trillium vaseyi, the sweet wakerobin
** Trillium viride, the wood wakerobin
** Trillium viridescens, the tapertip wakerobin
# Wakendorf II

Wakendorf II is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## Name

The name "Wakendorf II" was instituted in Prussian times to distinguish it from a different town about 20 km away, also called Wakendorf. The distinct name of these two towns is purely for communal distinction, and has no historical background.
A citizens' initiative attempted to rename the village in Wakendorf an der Alster through a signing action. This request was not considered admissible by the local authority of Segeberg, as formal guidelines such as the date of birth of the signatories in the signature list were not listed.
On June 22, 2006, the municipal council decided to retain the name Wakendorf II.

## Geography and transport

Wakendorf II lies between Henstedt-Ulzburg and Nahe. There are also streets to Tangstedt and Kisdorf. Wakendorf II lies 20 km southwest of its partner town Wakendorf I.
Until 1973, Wakendorf II had a locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) and a train station on the Kleinbahn Elmshorn-Barmstedt-Oldesloe railway. In the 1960s, there was a direct bus connection via Tangstedt and Glashütte to the Ochsenzoll U-Bahn station in northern Hamburg. Today, Wakendorf II's only public transport connection is the VHH regional bus line 7141 between Henstedt-Ulzburg and Bad Oldesloe via Nahe and Itzstedt.
# S38

S38 may refer to:
* BMW S38, an automobile engine
* S38: In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment, a safety phrase
* Short S.38, a British biplane
* Sikorsky S-38, a 1928 American amphibious sesquiplane
* Sulfur-38, an isotope of sulfur
* USS S-38 (SS-143), a submarine of the United States Navy
# SG&A

SG&A (alternately SGA, SAG, G&A or SGNA) is an initialism used in accounting to refer to Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, which is a major non-production cost presented in an income statement (statement of profit or loss).
SGA expenses consist of the combined costs of operating the company, which breaks down to:
* Selling: The sum of all direct and indirect selling expenses, which includes salaries of labour (excluding those related to the production itself which are cost of goods sold), advertising expenses, rent, and all expenses and taxes related to selling product;
* General: General operating expenses and taxes that are directly related to the general operation of the company, but do not relate to the other two categories;
* Administration: Executive salaries and general support and all associated taxes related to the overall administration of the company.
These expenses are sometimes referred to as company overheads, as they can not be traced directly to the production of goods.
# Walks Scheme

The Walks Scheme (previously known as the Comhairle na Tuaithe/Rural Walks Scheme) is an initiative by the Irish Department of Rural and Community Development which funds the maintenance of walks and trails through private and public lands. The scheme has been in existence since 2008.

## 2024 Expansion

Following a call for applications in June 2023, an expanded list of walks in the scheme were announced in February 2024, including the first walks in counties Wexford and Monaghan, and trails on off-shore islands Inis Meáin and Cape Clear Island.

## Walks

This is a list of notable walks included in the scheme.
* Monaghan Way
* Lúb Dún Fearbhaí, Inis Meáin
* The Devils Chimney, County Sligo
* Lough Derg Way
* Ardmore Cliff Walk, County Waterford
* Ladysbridge Loop Trail
* Durrow, County Laois#Amenities
* Mount Nebo
* Enniscorthy Promenade
* Lung Lough Gara Way
* Miners Way and Historical Trail, County Roscommon
* Cavan Way
* Mount Melleray pilgrim paths
* Keeldra Lake, County Leitrim
# SGPP1

Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SGPP1 gene.
# Waldeck-Rousseau Peak

Waldeck-Rousseau Peak (66°9′S 65°38′W﻿ / ﻿66.150°S 65.633°W﻿ / -66.150; -65.633) is a conspicuous monolith 3 nautical miles (6 km) east-northeast of Cape Evensen on Stresher Peninsula on Graham Coast, Antarctic Peninsula. The French Antarctic Expedition (1903–05) under Jean-Baptiste Charcot charted a cape in this area which they named for French statesman Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau. On re-exploring this area, the French Antarctic Expedition (1908–10) under Charcot sighted the feature from Pendleton Strait, 25 nautical miles (46 km) distant, and charted it as an island near the coast. Correlating its work with that of Charcot, the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill charted this portion of the coast by land and from the air in 1935. Waldeck-Rousseau Peak as here applied is in accord with the interpretation of the BGLE.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Waldeck-Rousseau Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Loubet Coast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Amellus

Amellus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1759.
Amellus is native to southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Botswana).

## Species

* Amellus alternifolius Roth - Cape Province
* Amellus asteroides (L.) Druce - Cape Province
* Amellus capensis (Walp.) Hutch. - Cape Province
* Amellus coilopodius DC. - Cape Province
* Amellus epaleaceus O.Hoffm. - Namibia, Cape Province
* Amellus flosculosus DC. - Namibia, Cape Province
* Amellus microglossus DC. - Cape Province; naturalised in Britain
* Amellus nanus DC. - Namibia, Cape Province
* Amellus reductus Rommel - Namibia, Botswana
* Amellus strigosus (Thunb.) Less. - Cape Province
* Amellus tenuifolius Burm.f. - Cape Province
* Amellus tridactylus DC. - Cape Province, Free State
# Amelia Hayes

Amelia Hayes may refer to:
* Amelia Hayes, owner of Look (modeling agency)
* Amelia Hayes, fictional character in Intelligence (U.S. TV series)
# Amastus rubicundus

Amastus rubicundus is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1981. It is found in Peru.
# Walter Anderson (English artist)

Walter John Stodart Anderson (baptised 9 October 1822 – 11 January 1903) was an English painter, lithographer, and engraver. He painted still lifes, landscapes and genre work.

## United States

Anderson lived in Cincinnati, Ohio from 1849 to 1853, when he was an active lithographer and engraver. He worked first for Charles A. Jewett, a lithographer in the city. He collaborated with Sophie Gengembre, his future wife, and Thomas Faris. They worked together by 1851 when the first two lithographers of Protestant Episcopal bishops were produced.
He created illustrations for Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio written by Samuel P. Hildreth, as did his future brother-in-law Henry P. Gengembre. The book was published in 1852.
In 1853 the Gengembre family moved to Manchester, Pennsylvania and Anderson followed and married Sophie Gengembre.

## Europe

Anderson and his wife moved to England by 1854. He began exhibiting his works there in 1856. They lived in Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, in 1859. By 1863 they had returned to London. He exhibited his works at the Royal Society of British Artists and the Royal Academy of Arts.
They moved to the Isle of Capri in 1871. They moved to England in the early 1890s and lived in Falmouth.
He died on 11 January 1903 in Falmouth.
# Charles Dana Wilber

Charles Dana Wilber (July 4, 1830, in Auburn, Ohio – December 20, 1891, in Aurora, Illinois) was a land speculator, journalist, writer, and a noted booster of the American West as a site of agricultural development. He founded the town of Wilber, Nebraska in 1873.
Born in Auburn, Ohio, Wilber is best known for coining the phrase "Rain follows the plow," a paraphrase of earlier American climatologists, notably the United States Geological Survey's official agronomist for the Hayden Survey of 1871, Cyrus Thomas. His principal book, The Great Valleys and Prairies of Nebraska and the Northwest was published in 1881. A single paragraph from this work exemplified Wilber's thesis that the Trans-Mississippi West was destined for agrarian settlement and that conversion from desert to the garden would result from the condensation of humid wind:
   "Suppose (an army of frontier farmers) 50 miles, in width, from Manitoba to Texas, could acting in concert, turn over the prairie sod, and after deep plowing and receiving the rain and moisture, present a new surface of green growing crops instead of dry, hard-baked earth covered with sparse buffalo grass. No one can question or doubt the inevitable effect of this cooling condensing surface upon the moisture in the atmosphere as it moves over by the Western winds. A reduction of temperature must at once occur, accompanied by the usual phenomena of showers. The chief agency in this transformation is agriculture. To be more concise. Rain follows the plow."