OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muza Niýazowa

Muza Alekseýewna Niýazowa (née Melnikova; born 10 June 1938) is a Turkmen public figure who held the role of First Lady of Turkmenistan from 1991 until the death of her husband in 2006. She is the widow of the first president of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov, with whom she had two children.

## Biography

Muza Melnikova was born in Leningrad into a family of Russian and Jewish origin. Her father fought in World War II and was a senior officer in Soviet Army. She graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. In the mid-1960s, she met and married Saparmurat Niyazov, who at that time worked at the Kirov plant as a molder and was studying at the institute. On 18 April 1967, Niýazowa gave birth to a son, Murat, and two years later to their daughter, Irina.

## Wife to Nyýazow

It was understood that when Niyazov was appointed in 1985 as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan, Niýazowa's nationality played a decisive role, as members of the Politburo considered that it would limit Turkmen nationalism. Following the collapse of the Soviet government and the 1990 Turkmenistan presidential election, Niyazov distanced himself from Muza, as he did not care to become an example of interethnic marriages in a position of power. In Niýazowa's later years, she spent most of her time between Moscow (where she has an apartment on Prospekt Vernadskogo) and London.
# Esther Pillar Grossi

Esther Pillar Grossi (Santa Maria, April 24, 1936) is a Brazilian educator. She was federal deputy for the PT in Rio Grande do Sul from 1995 to 2002 and has worked primarily in education. In 1955, she went to Porto Alegre, where she studied mathematics, field where later a master's degree at the Sorbonne in Paris.
# Roy Van Graflan

Roy R. Van Graflan (born Roy R. Van Graafeiland, February 14, 1894 – September 4, 1953) was a professional baseball umpire who worked in the American League from 1927 to 1933. Van Graflan umpired 1,034 major league games in his seven-year career. He also umpired in two World Series (1929 and 1932).

## Early career

In 1926, while umpiring in the minor leagues, Van Graflan was knocked out by a punch from manager Bud Ryan. The manager was suspended for nearly a month.

## Notable games
### Ruth's home run in 1932 World Series

Van Graflan was behind the plate for Babe Ruth's called shot in game three of the 1932 World Series. Though there is debate about whether Ruth deliberately pointed to the outfield to predict a home run, Van Graflan stated that Ruth looked over to the heckling Cubs bench and said, "Let him put this one over and I'll knock it over the wall out there."

## Death

He died from injuries he sustained in an automobile accident in 1953.
# Carex hookeri

Carex hookeri is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to western parts of South America.
# Ozodes multituberculatus

Ozodes multituberculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1870.
# Una Canger

Una Canger (née Una Rasmussen; born May 14, 1938) is a Danish linguist specializing in languages of Mesoamerica. She has published mostly about the Nahuatl language with a particular focus on the dialectology of Modern Nahuatl, and is considered among the world's leading specialists in this area. She held tenure at the University of Copenhagen, leading the department for Native American Languages and Cultures until she reached the age of 70 in 2008 and was forced into retirement. In 2012 she was awarded the Order of the Aztec Eagle for her contributions to the study of Mexican culture. In 2005 she received the teaching prize of Copenhagen University, the Harald.
Daughter of the famous Danish architect Steen Eiler Rasmussen, she was admitted as the first female student in the department of Linguistics at the University of Copenhagen, where she became interested the theories of Louis Hjelmslev. She received her PhD from Berkeley in 1968, her thesis being a glossematic grammar of the Mayan language Mam. She worked with Mayan languages for a while, particularly Mam, Teco, and Lacandón. After being offered a position at the University of Copenhagen, she began studying Classical Nahuatl, leading to her later descriptive and dialectological work on modern Nahuatl.
# Plotting room

A plotting room was the co-ordination centre of a fire control system for guns used against enemy ships or aircraft, whether naval guns or coastal artillery. The plotting room received data on ship or aircraft position and motion from fire control instruments or their operators and determined and transmitted the range and bearing (a.k.a. azimuth or deflection) the guns would fire on. Plotting rooms came into use in the early 1900s for coastal artillery and during World War I for warships as gun ranges increased, and were in general use through the 1970s on World War II-era ships (and into the 1990s on the US Navy's Iowa-class battleships). Warships had plotting rooms for naval fire control for guns from 5-inch to 18-inch calibre, including anti-aircraft use for the smaller guns. On armoured ships such as battleships and cruisers, plotting rooms were located in the armoured citadel, protected by both deck and belt armour. With a few exceptions (mostly in Scandinavia), coastal defence gun installations were inactivated shortly after World War II (US) through the middle 1950s (UK). Equipment in plotting rooms included specialised plotting boards and other analogue devices; by World War II these were supplemented or replaced by electro-mechanical gun data computers. Data could be received and transmitted by telephone, or directly via dedicated electrical systems. Locations of plotting rooms in coastal defence installations varied greatly; they could be in low-rise structures such as base end stations (usually colocated with observation equipment in a two-story structure), taller fire control towers, in gun battery structures, or in bunkers separate from gun batteries.
The British Watkin position finder system for coastal artillery, which entered service in the 1890s, did not require a plotting room due to mounting a depression position finder (DPF) on a "range dial", similar to a plotting board. An electrical system moved bearing and range dials near the guns as the DPF was manipulated by an operator.
# Ulster Elks

Ulster Elks was an Irish men's basketball team based in Jordanstown, Northern Ireland. The team competed in the Irish Super League and National League Division 1 and played its home games at the Ulster University Sports Centre. They also played in the Basketball Northern Ireland Premier League. The team was a division of Ulster Elks Basketball Club and was directly associated with Ulster University.

## History

The University of Ulster at Jordanstown Men's Basketball Club was founded in 1984. Previously, Ulster Polytechnic occupied the Jordanstown site and had a very strong tradition in men's collegiate basketball. UUJ experienced the greatest success out of the four UU campuses at collegiate level in men's and women's basketball, with six Men's Irish intervarsity championships won during the 1990s and early 2000s.
In 2005, UU appointed Andrew O'Hare as full-time Basketball Development Officer. This led to the development of a UU Basketball Management Board, a range of junior partner clubs, a satellite development programme, residential and day camps, intramural basketball, basketball scholarships and the transition of UU into Basketball Ireland national competitions. Between 2005 and 2007, the University of Ulster competed in the National League Division 1.
In 2007, the team entered the Irish SuperLeague for the first time. The team was renamed Ulster Elks for the 2008–09 season. In January 2011, Elks made their first appearance in a National Cup semi-final.
Following the 2010–11 season, Elks withdrew from the SuperLeague and joined the Basketball Northern Ireland Premier League for the 2011–12 season. For the 2012–13 season, the Patrick O'Neill-coached Elks returned to the National League Division 1, but also competed in the Ulster Premier League and Division 1 of the Universities league. They went on to win the 2013 National League D1 Northern Conference championship.
Elks continued on in the Northern Ireland Premier League between 2013 and 2016 before re-entering the National League Division 1 for the 2016–17 season. They continued on in the National League Division 1 in 2017–18, 2018–19 and 2019–20.
The Elks name was discontinued in 2020. In 2022–23, Ulster University won the Division One championship and earned promotion to the Super League.
# Pano

Pano may refer to: Pano ancient empory somaly

## Culture and language

* Páno, one of the family of Panoan languages, within the wider group of Pano-Tacanan languages spoken in South America
* Pano people or Tsimané people, Bolivia
* Paño, a form of prison artwork from Chicano people in the United States
* Pano (caste), a Dalit scheduled caste
* Pano, a 2021 song by Zack Tabudlo

## People
### Given name

* Pano Angelov Apostolov, known also as Karabadzhakov, Bulgarian revolutionary, a worker of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
* Pano Capéronis (born 1947), Swiss freestyle swimmer

### Surname

* Alexa Pano (born 2004), American amateur golfer.
* Antoine Pano (born 1952), Lebanese politician and retired general in the Lebanese Armed Forces
* Ledio Pano (born 1968), Albanian footballer
* Panajot Pano, Albanian footballer

### Fictional characters

* Pano Rodokin, a fictional character from the MÄR manga series

## Other uses

* Pano Aqil, a taluka (administrative division) in Pakistan
* Pano Logic, computer hardware and software manufacturer
* Panorama
* Panosteitis, a common bone disease in dogs
* Nondalton Airport, Alaska, with ICAO code PANO
# Parabole (moth)

Parabole is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Parabole rectilinea Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
# Paraclathurella

Paraclathurella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clathurellidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Paraclathurella include:
* Paraclathurella aditicola Hedley, 1922
* Paraclathurella clothonis Hedley, 1922
* Paraclathurella densegranosa (Thiele, 1925)
* Paraclathurella gracilenta (Reeve, 1843)
* Paraclathurella padangensis (Thiele, 1925)
* Paraclathurella thecla (Thiele, 1925)
# Paper Mill at Velké Losiny

The Paper mill at Velké Losiny is a historic mill in Velké Losiny in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It was founded in the late 16th century and is manufacturing handmade paper to this day. The four-hundred-year continuity of traditional handmade paper production is unparalleled in Central Europe and in 2001 the paper mill was declared a Czech national cultural monument.

## History

The paper mill was built sometime between 1591 and 1596 by Jan Zierotin the Younger at the site of a former grain mill. The first evidence of the mill existence is proven by the oldest watermark dated 1596 - a Zierotin coat of arms depicting a lion with a crown standing on three hills.
Over the centuries the paper mill was in possession of many stationery-manufacturing families and masters.
Throughout the 17th and 18th century the paper mill was a supplier of writing and scratch paper as well as of paperboard.
In 1729, the mill acquired a revolutionary invention - the hollander beater - to prepare paper pulp. It was probably the first device of its kind in Moravia. Despite the efforts of the Zierotin owners to improve and modernize the production process, the paper mill tenant at that time failed to succeed in the competition, especially with paper mills at Šumperk. In 1778 John Louis, the Count of Zierotin, sold the mill to the stationers master Matthias Werner the Younger. Under his ownership the paper mill flourished again.
The boom of the industrial paper production in the mid-19th century Europe put many paper manufactories out of business. In Velké Losiny the production survived thanks to the entrepreneurship of Anton Schmidt older, whose family bought the mill in 1855.
In 1913 the mill was modernized and started using hydroelectric power for its croft, textile and paper production.
Discovery of the excellent filtration properties of the hand-made paper and later the renaissance of its use within the artistic circles allowed the stationery craft in Velké Losiny to survive the difficult economic periods in the 20th century.
In 1949 the paper works were nationalized and became part of the national enterprise Olšanské papírny. In 2006 an independent company Ruční papírna Velké Losiny a.s. was founded.

## Recognition

The manufactory is one of the oldest still operating businesses of its kind in Europe. Handmade paper is still produced here from cotton and flax using traditional processes.
It was declared a Czech cultural monument in 1958 and in 2002 it became the national cultural monument. It is also applicant for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.
In 2007 the Czech National Bank issued a 2500 CZK commemorative gold coin as part of the Industrial Heritage Sites series. The coin was designed by Luboš Charvát.
# Paqtnkek-Niktuek No. 23

Paqtnkek-Niktuek No. 23, formerly Pomquet and Afton 23, is a Miꞌkmaq reserve located in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia. It is one of three reserves owned by the Paqꞌtnkek First Nation. It comprises three blocks of land, all of which have been bisected by Nova Scotia Highway 104; two populated areas are near Afton, the third between Pomquet Forks and Heatherton.
# Papurana moluccana

Papurana moluccana is a species of true frog. It is endemic to the Maluku Islands (the Moluccas) of Indonesia; specifically, it is known from Halmahera and Bacan. Common name Moluccas frog has been coined for it.

## Taxonomy

Based on molecular data, the previously very diverse genus Hylarana was split in several genera, many of them previously treated as subgenera, in 2015. Molecular data from Papurana moluccana was not included in the study, and therefore its placement in Papurana is provisional, pending more morphological and molecular data.

## Habitat and conservation

This presumably common species has been found in water-filled pits in a village. It can occur at elevations up to 700 m (2,300 ft) above sea level. It might be threatened by logging. It is not known to occur in any protected areas.
# Paracinema (insect)

Paracinema is a genus of band-winged grasshoppers in the tribe Epacromiini. There are at least three described species in Paracinema, from Africa, mainland Europe through to the Middle East.

## Species

These species belong to the genus Paracinema:
* Paracinema acutipennis (Bolívar, 1914)
* Paracinema luculenta Karsch, 1896
* Paracinema tricolor (Thunberg, 1815) - type species: as Gryllus bisignatus Charpentier (= P. tricolor bisignatum, one of 3 subspecies)
# 1999 Argentina rugby union tour of Scotland and Ireland

The 1999 Argentina rugby union tour of Scotland and Ireland was a series of four matches played by the Argentina national rugby union team in August 1999, to prepare the team for the 1999 Rugby World Cup

## Matches

Scores and results list Argentina's points tally first.
| Opposing Team | For | Against | Date | Venue | Status |
| Scotland A | 25 | 25 | 17 August 1999 | Perth | Tour Match |
| Scotland | 31 | 22 | 21 August 1999 | Murrayfield, Edinburgh | Test Match |
| Leinster | 51 | 22 | 24 August 1999 | Dublin | Tour Match |
| Ireland | 24 | 32 | 28 August 1999 | Lansdowne Road, Dublin | Test Match |
# Papyrus 20

Grenfell and Hunt :
| Bernard Grenfell | Arthur Hunt |
Papyrus 20 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓$^{20}$, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle of James, but it only contains Chapter 2:19-3:9. The manuscript has been paleographically assigned to the early 3rd century.

## Description

The original size of the leaves was 17 by 12 cm.
The text is neatly written in upright semi-cursive letters. The main Nomina Sacra are used, but πατηρ/pater/father and ανθρωπος/anthropos/man are written out in full.
The Greek text of this codex is representative of the Alexandrian text-type (rather proto-Alexandrian). Aland placed it in Category I. This manuscript shows the greatest agreement with Codex Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, but not with codices Ephraemi, Regius and other late Alexandrian manuscripts.
Philip Comfort has conjectured that the scribe who wrote 𝔓$^{20}$ was also the same scribe who wrote 𝔓$^{27}$, where the Greek letters α, β, δ, ε, λ, ι, μ, ν, ο, π, ρ, σ, ψ, υ, φ, ω are formed identically in both manuscripts.
It is currently housed at the Princeton University Library (AM 4117) in Princeton.
# Paracastalia

Paracastalia is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
* Paracastalia bettoni Waterhouse, 1904
* Paracastalia duvivieri (Kerremans, 1898)
* Paracastalia gebhardti (Hoscheck, 1931)
* Paracastalia inornata (Kerremans, 1906)
* Paracastalia louwi Hohn, 1982
* Paracastalia minima Kerremans, 1905
* Paracastalia plagiata (Kerremans, 1899)
* Paracastalia scholtzi Holm, 1982
# 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's 5000 metres

The women's 5000 metres event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 14 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Katalin Szentgyörgyi Hungary |
| Silver | Anastasiya Zubova Russia |
| Bronze | Tatyana Khmelyova Russia |

## Results
### Final

14 July
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Katalin Szentgyörgyi | Hungary | 15:40.55 |
| | Anastasiya Zubova | Russia | 15:40.78 |
| | Tatyana Khmelyova | Russia | 15:51.88 |
| 4 | Inês Monteiro | Portugal | 15:57.03 |
| 5 | Sonja Stolić | Yugoslavia | 15:58.47 |
| 6 | Lyudmila Volchik | Belarus | 16:01.30 |
| 7 | Juliet Potter | United Kingdom | 16:02.99 |
| 8 | Silvia Weissteiner | Italy | 16:05.42 |
| 9 | Melanie Schulz | Germany | 16:05.52 |
| 10 | Sabrina Mockenhaupt | Germany | 16:05.61 |
| 11 | Sonia Bejarano | Spain | 16:10.42 |
| 12 | Gillian Palmer | United Kingdom | 16:18.68 |
| 13 | Ionela Bungărdean | Romania | 16:26.58 |
| 14 | Tatyana Golovchenko | Ukraine | 16:44.16 |
| 15 | Karen Hind | United Kingdom | 16:47.11 |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.
* Belarus (1)
* Germany (2)
* Hungary (1)
* Italy (1)
* Portugal (1)
* Romania (1)
* Russia (2)
* Spain (1)
* Ukraine (1)
* United Kingdom (3)
* Yugoslavia (1)
# 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase

The women's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 13 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Melanie Schulz Germany |
| Silver | Lívia Tóth Hungary |
| Bronze | Sigrid Vanden Bempt Belgium |

## Results
### Final

13 July
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Melanie Schulz | Germany | 10:03.34 |
| | Lívia Tóth | Hungary | 10:04.99 |
| | Sigrid Vanden Bempt | Belgium | 10:08.46 |
| 4 | Fanny Pruvost | France | 10:08.51 |
| 5 | Johanna Risku | Finland | 10:09.96 |
| 6 | Ragnhild Kvarberg | Norway | 10:17.79 |
| 7 | Elena Mîndrilă | Romania | 10:21.15 |
| 8 | Ida Nilsson | Sweden | 10:24.84 |
| 9 | Yamina Bouchaouante | France | 10:26.52 |
| 10 | Roisin McGettigan | Ireland | 10:46.66 |
| 11 | Ivona Milodin | Romania | 10:58.66 |
| | Sandra Rieux | France | DNF |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.
* Belgium (1)
* Finland (1)
* France (3)
* Germany (1)
* Hungary (1)
* Ireland (1)
* Norway (1)
* Romania (2)
* Sweden (1)
# Para-Ski

Para-Ski International was a Canadian aircraft manufacturer, based in Mascouche, Quebec. The company specialized in the design and construction of powered parachutes.
The company was formed in 1996 by Joe Albanese and Jacques Fleury. The company went out of business in about 2011.
Para-Skis designs have won numerous awards, including the "Ultralight Innovation" award at Sun 'n Fun 1999, the "Best Type Para-Wing" award at Sun 'n Fun 2000, the "Best Flex Wing" award at Oshkosh AirVenture 2000, the "Ultralight Innovation" award at Sun 'n Fun 2002, the "Best Commercial Ultralight Award" at Sun 'n Fun 2003 and the "Reserve Grand Champion Ultralight Award" at Sun 'n Fun 2003.
# Para-Ski Top Gun

The Para-Ski Top Gun is a Canadian powered parachute that was designed and produced by Para-Ski of Mascouche, Quebec. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft and also as a kit for amateur construction.
The Top Gun was introduced in 2003 and production ended when the company went out of business in about 2011.

## Design and development

The Top Gun was designed to comply with the Canadian Basic Ultralight Aeroplane category, as well as the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category. In kit form the aircraft was designed to comply with the Canadian Amateur-built Aircraft rules as well as the US Experimental - Amateur-built aircraft rules. It features a 521 sq ft (48.4 m$^2$) parachute-style wing, two-seats-in-tandem accommodation, four-wheeled landing gear and a single 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 engine in pusher configuration. The 65 hp (48 kW) Hirth 3203, the 80 hp (60 kW) Hirth F-30 or 110 hp (82 kW) Hirth F-30ES engines were factory options. Parachute options included square or elliptical canopies of 400 to 600 sq ft (37 to 56 m$^2$). Landing gear options include skis and floats.
The aircraft carriage is built from welded aluminium tubing and has a "sledge-like" cockpit fairing incorporating dual square headlights. In flight steering is accomplished via handle bars that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. On the ground the aircraft has front wheel steering. The aircraft uses a large rudder to offset the engine torque effects. The landing gear incorporates independent shock and spring suspension.
The aircraft has an empty weight of 400 lb (181 kg) and a gross weight of 900 lb (408 kg), giving a useful load of 500 lb (227 kg). With full fuel of 38 litres (8.4 imp gal; 10 US gal) the payload for crew and baggage is 440 lb (200 kg).

## Operational history

In July 2015 three examples were registered with the Transport Canada.

## Variants
### Top Gun

    Base model

### Top Gun Discovery

    Model including some options as standard

## Specifications (Top Gun Discovery)

Data from Bertrand and manufacturer
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Wingspan: 30 ft 0 in (9.14 m)
* Wing area: 521.0 sq ft (48.40 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 1.72:1
* Empty weight: 400 lb (181 kg)
* Gross weight: 900 lb (408 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 30 litres (6.6 imp gal; 7.9 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 582 twin cylinder, two-stroke, liquid-cooled aircraft engine, 64 hp (48 kW)
* Propellers: 3-bladed Ivo-Prop, 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 35 mph (56 km/h, 30 kn)
* Cruise speed: 30 mph (48 km/h, 26 kn)
* Stall speed: 25 mph (40 km/h, 22 kn)
* Rate of climb: 790 ft/min (4 m/s)
* Wing loading: 1.7 lb/sq ft (8.4 kg/m$^2$)
# Paradisical

Paradisical (foaled in 1932) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 1935 Kentucky Oaks and for then setting a new Thistledown Racecourse track record in beating colts in the Ohio Derby.
Bred and raced by Louisville, Kentucky tobacco manufacturer Wood F. Axton, Paradisical was sired by In Memoriam, the American Co-Champion Three-Year-Old Colt of 1923. Her dam was Madrigal, a daughter of the brilliant French Champion Maintenon who was owned by American William Vanderbilt.
Wood Axton never got to see Paradisical's success. The filly was sold in early May, 1935 by his estate following his death. His new owner was Isaac J. Collins, founder of Hocking Glass Co. in Lancaster, Ohio.
# Paradiskollen

Paradiskollen is a mountain of Lunner municipality, Akershus in southern Norway.
60°11′03″N 10°45′52″E﻿ / ﻿60.18417°N 10.76444°E﻿ / 60.18417; 10.76444
* This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak in Akershus is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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