OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vivo Energy

Vivo Energy is a British downstream petroleum company with its headquarters in London. It maintains subsidiaries and operations in 23 countries across Africa that encompass the supply, storage, distribution, and retail of a range of petroleum products. Vivo Energy is a Shell and Engen Petroleum licensee and sources, distributes, markets and supplies fuels and lubricants. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index and of the JSE All Share Index until it was acquired by Vitol Group in July 2022.

## History

Vivo Energy was established in 2011, as a partnership between Vitol Group, a Swiss-based Dutch-owned multinational energy and commodity trading company, and Helios Investment Partners, a United Kingdom-based private equity firm, with the objective to purchase majority shares in the downstream fuels business of Shell in Africa for approximately $1 billion.
Cape Verde, Senegal, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Tunisia joined Vivo Energy in December 2011. They were followed by Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea in February 2012; Botswana and Namibia in October 2012; Kenya in November 2012; Uganda in February 2013, Ghana in August 2013 and Mozambique in August 2013.
Vivo Energy had its initial public offering in May 2018 that saw its shares listed on the London Stock Exchange with a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. This IPO was the largest in the LSE in 2018 and saw the founding shareholders, Vitol and Helios, raise GBP 548 million.
Until spring 2019 Vivo Energy was a Shell licensee operating in 16 African markets: Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and Uganda. However, in March 2019, Vivo Energy completed a transaction with Engen Petroleum, adding eight new countries and 230 Engen-branded service stations to its network. The new markets for Vivo Energy were Gabon, Malawi, Mozambique, Réunion, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe; accordingly Vivo operates in 23 countries.
In July 2022, Vitol Group secured approval from the relevant regulatory and anti-trust bodies to acquire the company.

## Operations

As of 31 December 2021, the company operates 2,463 service stations across its markets.
# Vytautas Juščius

Vytautas Juščius (born 1952) is a Lithuanian professor and doctor of economic science. In 1980, he graduated from the Moscow State University. In 1975–1977 and 1980–1990, he taught at the Kaunas Polytechnic Institute. Since 1990, he's the head of Economics departments at the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Klaipėda University.
# Robert Laurie (journalist)

Robert Laurie (also known as Bobby Laurie) is a journalist, television travel expert, the co-host of The Jet Set as well as a traffic anchor and reporter at iHeartMedia and ABC7.

## Career

Laurie started his career in the travel industry in 2005, working as a flight attendant at US Airways. After 6 months, he held various other positions, notably reaching the post of an analyst focused on in-flight policies.
In 2009, Laurie joined the media by started a travel blog. His blog quickly became popular making him a go-to expert in the field. Later his most-read articles were published as in a book titled Planely Speaking: Inflight Insight from Thirty Thousand Feet.
He was the producer of the 2014 Discovery Network series, Take Off! with The Savvy Stews that aired on Destination America. The series was themed on cultural experiences of Laurie and his colleague on their world travels as flight attendants.
He also spent two years working at the morning show, The Daily Buzz and another three years at The Better Show.
Today, in addition to co-hosting The Jet Set and his work as a traffic anchor in Washington, D.C., Laurie works as a freelance journalist for Conde Nast Traveler, Fodors and SmarterTravel supplying them with original reporting on the industry.

## Books

* Planely Speaking: Inflight Insight from Thirty Thousand Feet.
* Paris. First Class. International. A Quick Start Guide to The Career of a Flight Attendant and How to Become One.
* Love, Grandma - Traditional and Favorite Italian Recipes.
* The Jet Set on a Budget: Family Travel.
# List of stretched cruise ships

Cruise lines have opted to increase capacity by stretching their current ships. Known as lengthening, the process of enlarging a cruise ship usually includes cutting the ship in half and adding a new midsection, adding more cabins and public areas. The first modern cruise ship to be stretched was Royal Caribbean Line's Song of Norway in 1977.
* Royal Viking Sky Before Stretch
* Royal Viking Sky After Stretch
* Norwegian Wind & Norwegian Dream Before and After Stretch
| Ship Name | Cruise Line | Year Stretch | Length of Section | Shipyard Lengthened | Notes |
| Song of Norway | Royal Caribbean Cruise Line | 1977 | 85 feet | Wärtsilä Marine, Finland | |
| Nordic Prince | Royal Caribbean Cruise Line | 1980 | 85 feet | Wärtsilä Marine, Finland | |
| Royal Viking Star | Royal Viking Line | 1981 | 27.77 metres (91 ft 1 in) | A.G. Weser shipyard in Bremerhaven, West Germany | |
| Royal Viking Sky | Royal Viking Line | 1982 | 27.77 metres (91 ft 1 in) | A.G. Weser shipyard in Bremerhaven, West Germany | |
| Royal Viking Sea | Royal Viking Line | 1983 | 27.77 metres (91 ft 1 in) | A.G. Weser shipyard in Bremerhaven, West Germany | |
| Westerdam | Holland America Line | 1989 | 36.9 m (121 ft 1 in) | Meyer Werft, Germany | |
| Norwegian Dream | Norwegian Cruise Line | 1998 | 40-metre (131 ft 3 in) | Lloyd Werft shipyard in Bremerhaven, Germany. | |
| Norwegian Wind | Norwegian Cruise Line | 1998 | 40-metre (131 ft 3 in) | Lloyd Werft shipyard in Bremerhaven, Germany. | |
| Norwegian Majesty | Norwegian Cruise Line | 1999 | 33.76 m (110 ft 9 in) | Lloyd Werft shipyard in Bremerhaven, Germany. | |
| Costa Classica | Costa Cruises | 2000 (CANCELLED) | 146 ft (intended) | Cammell Laird Birkenhead shipyard, United Kingdom | New midsection constructed, job was cancelled when ship was enroute to shipyard Would have been largest lengthening of a cruise ship. |
| Pride of America | NCL America | 2004 | 70 ft | Lloyd Werft shipyard in Bremerhaven, Germany. | Stretched while under construction at Lloyd Werft shipyard. |
| Enchantment of the Seas | Royal Caribbean International | 2005 | 22 m (73-ft) | Keppel Verolme shipyards in Rotterdam | |
| Balmoral | Fred Olsen Cruises | 2007 | 30 m (98 ft) | Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg, Germany | |
| Braemar | Fred Olsen Cruises | 2009 | 102-foot | Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg, Germany | |
| MSC Armonia | MSC Cruises | 2015 | 24 metres (79 ft) | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
| MSC Sinfonia | MSC Cruises | 2015 | 24 metres (79 ft) | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
| MSC Lirica | MSC Cruises | 2015 | 24 metres (79 ft) | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
| MSC Opera | MSC Cruises | 2015 | 24 metres (79 ft) | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
| Silver Spirit | Silversea Cruises | 2018 | (49 ft) | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
| Star Breeze | Windstar Cruises | 2020 | 25.6-meter | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
| Star Legend | Windstar Cruises | 2021 | 25.6-meter | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
| Star Pride | Windstar Cruises | 2021 | 25.6-meter | Fincantieri Shipyard, Palmero, Italy | |
# Magnant, Aube

Magnant (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Belgium men's national water polo team

The Belgium men's national water polo team is the representative for Belgium in international men's water polo. The team has participated in eleven tournaments at the Summer Olympics.

## Results
### Olympic Games

* 1900 — Silver medal
* 1908 — Silver medal
* 1912 — Bronze medal
* 1920 — Silver medal
* 1924 — Silver medal
* 1928 — 6th place
* 1936 — Bronze medal
* 1948 — 4th place
* 1952 — 6th place
* 1960 — 16th place
* 1964 — 7th place
# Rački Vrh

Rački Vrh (pronounced) is a settlement in the hills west of Hrastje in the Municipality of Radenci in northeastern Slovenia.
# Epstein–Barr virus small nucleolar RNA 1

V-snoRNA1 is a box CD-snoRNA identified in B lymphocytes infected with the Epstein–Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)). This snoRNA is the first known example of a snoRNA expressed from a viral genome. It is homologous to eukaryotic snoRNAs because it contains the C and D boxes sequence motifs but lacks a terminal stem-loop structure. The nucleolar localization of v-snoRNA1 was determined by in situ hybridization. V-snoRNA1 can form into a ribonucleoprotein complex (snoRNP) as co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assays showed that this snoRNA interacts with the snoRNA core proteins, fibrillarin, Nop56, Nop58. It has also been proposed that this snoRNA may act as a miRNA-like precursor that is processed into 24-nucleotide-sized RNA fragments that target the 3'UTR of viral DNA polymerase mRNA.
# 1993 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship

The 1993 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship was the 96th staging of the Cork Junior A Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 13 December 1992. The championship ran from 26 September to 31 October 1993.
The final was played on 31 October 1993 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork between Blarney and Kilworth, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Blarney won the match by 2-10 to 1-09 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 57 years.
Kilworth's Pat Greehy was the championship's top scorer with 2-13.

## Qualification

| Division | Championship | Champions |
| Avondhu | North Cork Junior A Hurling Championship | Kilworth |
| Carbery | South West Junior A Hurling Championship | Argideen Rangers |
| Carrigdhoun | South East Junior A Hurling Championship | Courcey Rovers |
| Duhallow | Duhallow Junior A Hurling Championship | Meelin |
| Imokilly | East Cork Junior A Hurling Championship | Castlelyons |
| Muskerry | Mid Cork Junior A Hurling Championship | Blarney |
| Seandún | City Junior A Hurling Championship | Glen Rovers |

## Results
### Quarter-finals

* Glen Rovers received a bye in this round.

### Final
## Championship statistics
### Top scorers
#### Overall

| Rank | Player | Club | Tally | Total | Matches | Average |
| 1 | Pat Greehy | Kilworth | 2-13 | 19 | 3 | 6.33 |
| 2 | Anthony Murphy | Blarney | 2-12 | 18 | 3 | 6.00 |
| 3 | Donie Nyhan | Courcey Rovers | 2-10 | 16 | 3 | 5.33 |
| 4 | Seán Carey | Kilworth | 2-06 | 12 | 3 | 4.00 |
| 5 | Simon O'Donoghue | Blarney | 1-08 | 11 | 3 | 3.66 |

#### In a single game

| Rank | Player | Club | Tally | Total | Opposition |
| 1 | Anthony Murphy | Blarney | 1-05 | 8 | Courcey Rovers |
| 2 | Pat Greehy | Kilworth | 1-04 | 7 | Meelin |
| 2 | Anthony Murphy | Blarney | 1-04 | 7 | Kilworth |
| 2 | Pat Greehy | Kilworth | 1-04 | 7 | Blarney |
| 2 | Donie Nyhan | Courcey Rovers | 0-07 | 7 | Blarney |
| 6 | Donie Nyhan | Courcey Rovers | 1-03 | 6 | Castlelyons |
| 6 | Seán Carey | Kilworth | 1-03 | 6 | Glen Rovers |
| 8 | Simon O'Donoghue | Blarney | 1-02 | 5 | Argideen Rangers |
| 8 | Ger Sweetnam | Courcey Rovers | 1-02 | 5 | Castlelyons |
| 8 | Seán Carey | Kilworth | 1-02 | 5 | Meelin |
| 8 | Thomas Mahony | Meelin | 1-02 | 5 | Kilworth |
| 8 | Tony Crowley | Argideen Rangers | 0-05 | 5 | Blarney |
| 8 | Pat Greehy | Kilworth | 0-05 | 5 | Glen Rovers |
| 8 | Tim Harte | Glen Rovers | 0-05 | 5 | Kilworth |
# Ceresola

Ceresola or Cerésola is a locality located in the municipality of Sabiñánigo, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 5.

## Geography

Ceresola is located 58km north-northeast of Huesca.
# Chaerocina usambarensis

Chaerocina usambarensis is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Tanzania.
# Bert D. Chandler

Bert D. Chandler (March 19, 1869 – December 13, 1947) was an American jurist.
Chandler was born in Rollin Township, Michigan. He studied the law and was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1890. Chandler practiced law, in Hudson, Michigan. He also served as a judge of the 39th Circuit from 1914 to 1915.
In November 1936, Chandler, a Democrat, defeated incumbent Republican Harry S. Toy, for a seat on the Michigan Supreme Court, by a vote of 862,147 to 755,227. Chandler served on the court from 1937 to 1943 and was chief justice. He was president of the Post Gazette newspaper. Chandler died suddenly at his home in Hudson, Michigan.
# Bothriechis thalassinus

Bothriechis thalassinus, also known as Merendon palm-pitviper or Merendon palm pit viper, is a pit viper species native to Guatemala and Honduras.

## Description

This is a medium-sized pitviper with a slender body and strong prehensile tail. Adults are usually 60–80 centimetres (24–31 in) long, with a maximum recorded length of 97 centimetres (38 in). It has 21–23 dorsal scale rows at mid-body. The head and body usually have a greenish dorsal color, shading to yellow-greenish along the sides. The belly is generally lighter in color: cream, yellow-green or pale green. The dorsal pattern may have irregular blotches, turquoise to black, or speckling that doesn't reach very far down the sides. The head has two black stripes and black speckling on top, which are less visible towards the tail. Like all other pitvipers, B. thalassinus has heat sensitive organs, or loreal pits, located on either side of the head between the eye and the nostril.

## Geographic range

Its range extends from eastern Guatemala to western Honduras. In eastern Guatemala it is found in several mountain ranges, including Sierra de Caral in Izabal and the Sierra del Merendón in Zacapa.

## Habitat

It occurs in lower montane wet forest and lower montane moist forest at elevations of 885–1,730 metres (2,904–5,676 ft).

## Behavior

Like other Bothriechis members, this species appears to be mainly nocturnal and arboreal. It preys mostly on frogs, lizards, and sometimes small mammals or birds. B. thalassinus is not known to be an aggressive species, but may strike quickly when surprised or disturbed.

## Reproduction

Like most other pitvipers, B. thalassinus is ovoviviparous. Average litter size is probably less than 10–12 young per litter.

## Venom

The characteristics of its venom are not yet well known. It is mainly hemotoxic, and possibly contains mild neurotoxic or myotoxic factors. Seldom encountered by humans, there are very few reported bites of humans. Typical envenomation symptoms include local pain, swelling, mild local tissue necrosis, nausea, "tingling" of a digit or limb, and nausea. No confirmed deaths of humans have been reported for this species.
# Madame Wants No Children

Madame Wants No Children may refer to:
* Madame Wants No Children (1926 film), a German silent drama film
* Madame Wants No Children (1933 film), an Austrian-German comedy film
# AZ Group Cricket Oval

AZ Group Cricket Oval is a cricket stadium located at Phnom Penh in Cambodia. It hosted the cricket tournament during the 2023 Southeast Asian Games.

## History

A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed by Cricket Federation Cambodia Association and AZ Group to assist and promote Cambodia for the cricket tournament in 2023 Southeast Asian Games. The memorandum also provided AZ Group to be the long-term partner for the cricket federation.
Vath Chamroeun, the President of Cricket Federation Cambodia Association, signed the memorandum and said that the National Organising Committee of 2023 Southeast Asian Games as well as the cricket federation were thankful to AZ Group for helping in construction of a "clean and environmental friendly" ground.
The ground has a bowler-friendly surface, which particularly favours the pacers.
From April to May 2023, this ground hosted cricket in the Southeast Asian Games which was played in four different formats for both men and women - 50-overs, T20, T10 and 6-a-side cricket. During this tournament, they hosted the first men's Twenty20 International matches played in Cambodia.

## List of Centuries
### Men's Twenty20 Internationals

| No. | Score | Player | Team | Balls | Inns. | Opposing team | Date | Result |
| 1 | 116* | Virandeep Singh | Malaysia | 62 | 1 | Indonesia | 2 May 2023 | Won |
| 2 | 100* | Anish Paraam | Singapore | 62 | 1 | Philippines | 3 May 2023 | Won |

## List of Five-wicket Hauls
### Women's Twenty20 Internationals

| No. | Player | Date | Team | Opposing team | Inns. | Overs | Runs | Wickets | Result |
| 1 | Phoup Srey Pheak | 21 December 2022 | Cambodia | Philippines | 1 | 2.3 | 9 | 6 | Won |
| 2 | Ada Bhasin | 8 February 2023 | Singapore | Cambodia | 1 | 3 | 6 | 5 | Won |
| 3 | Ainna Hamizah Hashim | 14 May 2023 | Malaysia | Myanmar | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | Won |
# Medicago (disambiguation)

Medicago is a genus of flowering plants in the bean family Fabaceae.
Medicago may also refer to:
* Medicago Inc., a Canadian biotechnology company, currently developing a COVID-19 vaccine
* Alfalfa (Medicago sativa; cavalry clover) sometimes called just "medicago"
# Royal coat of arms

Royal coat of arms, Royal Coat of Arms or Royal Arms may refer to:
* Coat of arms of Cambodia, the coat of arms of the Cambodian monarch and Cambodia
* Coat of arms of Canada, the coat of arms of the Canadian monarch and Canada
* Coat of arms of Denmark, the coat of arms of the Danish monarchy
* Coat of arms of England, the coat of arms of the English monarchy and England from the 12th century to 1707
* Coat of arms of Great Britain, the coat of arms of the monarchy of Great Britain and Great Britain from 1707 to 1800
* Coat of arms of Scotland, the coat of arms of the Scottish monarchy and Scotland from the 12th century to 1707
* Coat of arms of the United Kingdom, the coat of arms of the monarchy of the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom
# Denmark at the 1932 Summer Olympics

Denmark competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. 43 competitors, 35 men and 8 women, took part in 34 events in 9 sports.

## Medalists
### Silver

* Henry Hansen, Leo Nielsen, and Frode Sørensen — Cycling, Men's Team Road Race
* Svend Olsen — Weightlifting, Men's Light Heavyweight
* Abraham Kurland — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman Lightweight

### Bronze

* Peter Jørgensen — Boxing, Men's Light Heavyweight
* Harald Christensen and Willy Gervin — Cycling, Men's 2.000m Tandem
* Else Jacobsen — Swimming, Women's 200m Breaststroke

## Cycling

Six cyclists, all men, represented Denmark in 1932.

### Individual road race

* Frode Sørensen
* Leo Nielsen
* Henry Hansen
* Gunnar Andersen

### Team road race

* Frode Sørensen
* Leo Nielsen
* Henry Hansen

### Sprint

* Willy Gervin

### Time trial

* Harald Christensen

### Tandem

* Harald Christensen
* Willy Gervin

## Fencing

Seven fencers, four men and three women, represented Denmark in 1932.

### Men's foil

* Axel Bloch
* Ivan Osiier
* Erik Kofoed-Hansen

### Men's team foil

* Axel Bloch, Aage Leidersdorff, Erik Kofoed-Hansen, Ivan Osiier

### Men's épée

* Aage Leidersdorff
* Erik Kofoed-Hansen

### Men's team épée

* Axel Bloch, Aage Leidersdorff, Erik Kofoed-Hansen, Ivan Osiier

### Men's sabre

* Ivan Osiier
* Axel Bloch
* Aage Leidersdorff

### Men's team sabre

* Ivan Osiier, Erik Kofoed-Hansen, Aage Leidersdorff, Axel Bloch

### Women's foil

* Gerda Munck
* Grete Olsen
* Inger Klint
# Drosophila senilis

Drosophila senilis is a species of fly; it is the type species of the subgenus Dudaica.
# Dawn, Missouri

Dawn is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Livingston County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 100.
Dawn was platted in 1853. A post office called Dawn has been in operation since 1852.

## Geography

Dawn is located in southwestern Livingston County on Missouri Supplemental Route C, approximately 13 miles (21 km) southwest of Chillicothe, the county seat.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Dawn CDP has an area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km$^2$), all of it recorded as land. The community is on high ground on the east bank of Shoal Creek, a northeast-flowing tributary of the Grand River and part of the Missouri River watershed.
# Pachylasmatidae

Pachylasmatidae is a family of symmetrical sessile barnacles in the order Balanomorpha. There are about 10 genera and at least 30 described species in Pachylasmatidae.

## Genera

These genera belong to the family Pachylasmatidae:
* Atetrapachylasma Newman & Jones, 2011
* Eolasma Buckeridge, 1983
* Eurylasma Jones, 2000
* Eutomolasma Jones, 2000
* Metalasma Jones, 2000
* Microlasma Jones, 2000
* Neoeolasma Gale, 2020
* Pachylasma Darwin, 1854
* Pseudoctomeris Poltarukha, 1996
* Tetrapachylasma Foster, 1988
# Včelná

Včelná is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,300 inhabitants.

## Geography

Včelná is located about 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of České Budějovice. It lies on the border between the České Budějovice Basin and Gratzen Foothills. The highest point is at 481 m (1,578 ft) above sea level.

## History

Včelná was spontaneously founded in 1784 by the newly built Imperial road from České Budějovice to Linz. Until 1930, Včelná was an administrative part of Poříčí (today a part of Boršov nad Vltavou). From 1930, it has been a separate municipality.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 393 | — |
| 1880 | 468 | +19.1% |
| 1890 | 511 | +9.2% |
| 1900 | 551 | +7.8% |
| 1910 | 614 | +11.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 617 | +0.5% |
| 1930 | 886 | +43.6% |
| 1950 | 866 | −2.3% |
| 1961 | 1,062 | +22.6% |
| 1970 | 985 | −7.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,182 | +20.0% |
| 1991 | 1,326 | +12.2% |
| 2001 | 1,471 | +10.9% |
| 2011 | 1,563 | +6.3% |
| 2021 | 2,307 | +47.6% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Včelná is located on the railway lines České Budějovice–Linz and Jindřichův Hradec–Horní Dvořiště.

## Sights

The only protected cultural monument is the former guardhouse of the Budweis–Linz Horse-Drawn Railway, the second oldest continental railway. It was built in 1826–1832. Due to its historical value, it is protected as a national cultural monument (as part of the Budweis–Linz Horse-Drawn Railway).

## Notable people

* Zdeněk Tikal (1929–1991), Australian ice hockey player
* František Tikal (1933–2008), ice hockey player
# Bertil Kjellberg

Bertil Kjellberg (born 1953) is a Swedish politician of the Moderate Party. He has been a member of the Riksdag since 2002.
# METTL2B

Methyltransferase-like protein 2B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the METTL2B gene.
This gene is a member of a family of methyltransferases that share homology with, but are distinct from, the UbiE family of methyltransferases. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized.
# Bell o' th' Hill

Bell o' th' Hill is a small, scattered settlement in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, close to the border with Shropshire. Until 2015 it was in the civil parish of Tushingham cum Grindley: it is now in the civil parish of Tushingham-cum-Grindley, Macefen and Bradley. The settlement is adjacent to the A41 road north of Whitchurch, and an earlier line of the main road passes through it.
The unusual place-name has been supposed to be a back-formation from that of the historic "Bell on the Hill" inn, but the inn name may in fact have been suggested by the earlier forms "Belle Hill", recorded in 1610, and "Bellow Hill", noted 1675, possibly an Old English name from belg and hläw ("rounded hill"). The Bell was built in 1677 by a London grocer, Edmund Nevitt. Now named the Blue Bell, it was Grade II listed in 1967.
A document of 1314 refers to an assart between "le Castelward" and Tushingham Hall, which has been taken to suggest the presence of a castle or motte here.