OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ludger Lohmann

Ludger Lohmann (born 1954 in Herne) is a highly acknowledged organist.
Lohmann studied school and church music, musicology, philosophy and geography in Cologne. He studied organ with Wolfgang Stockmeier and harpsichord with Hugo Ruf. He took private lessons with Anton Heiller in Vienna and Marie-Claire Alain in Paris. From 1979 to 1984, Lohmann taught organ at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln. From 1983 to 2020, he was Professor of Organ at State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and for 25 years organist at Stuttgart Cathedral. Iveta Apkalna has been one of his students.
Lohmann was a guest professor at University of Hartford Hartt School, US and senior researcher in the Göteborg Organ Art Center at the University of Göteborg, Sweden. He is also jury member of many international competitions and teacher in international master classes.
Lohmann is specialist in Early Music and Romantic Organ Literature.
He lives in Lindau on Lake Constance.

## Awards

* 1979 ARD International Music Competition in Munich
* 1982 Grand Prix de Chartres
* 2023 Preis der Europäischen Kirchenmusik

## Writings

* Rampe, Siegbert; Sackmann, Dominik (2000). Bachs Orchestermusik (in German). Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verl. ISBN 3-7618-1345-7.

### Dissertation

* Lohmann, Ludger (2015). Die Artikulation auf den Tasteninstrumenten des 16. - 18. Jahrhunderts (in German). Stuttgart: Palmer Projekt. ISBN 978-3-00-049944-9.
# Edward Wharton-Tigar

Edward Wharton-Tigar (1913–1995) was a decorated World War II spy, saboteur and prominent mining executive and was also recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records for amassing over two million cigarette cards – the world's largest collection, now bequeathed to the British Museum.
He worked for a London-based international mining company, Selection Trust, in Yugoslavia before joining the Special Operations Executive. He planned and carried out a daring act of sabotage by destroying, whilst working undercover, a cliffside house in Tangier, Morocco, from which Germans had been using infrared equipment to track vessels passing through the Strait of Gibraltar and had been providing information to German submarines. The operation was a resounding success, with two U-boats being pin-pointed and sunk by the Royal Navy as a result.
Later, while still working for the SOE, Wharton-Tigar organized black-market trading in currencies, jewels and other valuables in Asia on an unprecedented scale, financing much of the Allied cause in that part of the world.
After the war, he rejoined Selection Trust and as managing director for 11 years, The Times of London reported, he quadrupled the value of its international interests, before its eventual sale to BP.
He was the president of the Cartophilic Society of Great Britain until his death in 1995.
# Hypolestidae

Hypolestidae is a family of damselflies in the order Odonata. There are at least four genera and about six described species in Hypolestidae.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the family Hypolestidae:
* Hypolestes Gundlach, 1888
* † Anglohypolestes Nel & Fleck, 2014
* † Eohypolestes Nel & Fleck, 2014
* † Prohypolestes Nel & Paichele, 1994
# Firenze Ladies Open

The Firenze Ladies Open is a WTA 125-level professional women's tennis tournament. It takes place on outdoor clay courts, in the month of May at the Match Ball Firenze Country Club in the city of Florence in Italy during the second week of Internazionali BNL d'Italia, a WTA 1000 tournament in Rome. The prize money is $115,000.

## Results
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2023 | Jasmine Paolini | Taylor Townsend | 6–3, 7–5 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2023 | Vivian Heisen Ingrid Neel | Asia Muhammad Giuliana Olmos | 1–6, 6–2, [10–8] |
# Philosophy and Science Fiction

Philosophy and Science Fiction is an anthology published in 1984.

## Plot summary

Philosophy and Science Fiction contains 14 stories, the play R.U.R., two extracts, roughly 30 pages of introduction to philosophy, and a series of Study Questions.

## Reception

Dave Langford reviewed Philosophy and Science Fiction for White Dwarf #65, and stated that "Too expensive for most; interesting if you contemplate a philosophy course. Can editor and self-confessed philosopher Michael Philips really not spell hermeneutics? He gets it wrong ten times in two pages."

## Reviews

* Review by Michael R. Collings (1984) in Fantasy Review, November 1984
* Review by Don D'Ammassa (1985) in Science Fiction Chronicle, #64 January 1985
# Elise Stevenson

Elise Stevenson (February 9, 1878 – November 18, 1967) was a British-born American soprano singer who recorded commercially successful popular songs in the early years of the 20th century.

## Biography

She was born Eliza Stevens in Liverpool, England, and emigrated to the United States. She became a member of the Lyric Quartet, with Harry Macdonough, Frank Stanley, and Corrine Morgan, and also of the Trinity Choir.
From 1907, she recorded as a solo singer for Victor Records. Frank Stanley was her manager, as well as her partner in many duet recordings; she also recorded with Harry Macdonough, and Henry Burr.
Her most successful recordings included "The Linger Longer Girl" (1907), "Because You're You" (1907), "Are You Sincere?" (1908), "Good Evening, Caroline" (with Frank Stanley, 1909), and "Shine On, Harvest Moon" (with Harry Macdonough, 1909).
She married Milton Rusling Wood in 1905, and thereafter was occasionally billed as Elise (or Elsie) Wood. She retired from recording at the peak of her popularity, soon after 1911, to raise a family.
She died in 1967 in Laguna Beach, California, at the age of 89.

## Discography

* Elise Stevenson recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
# Chopardiella

Chopardiella is a genus of mantises belonging to the family Mantidae.
The species of this genus are found in Central America.
Species:
* Chopardiella heterogamia Saussure & Zehntner, 1894
* Chopardiella latipennis Chopard, 1911
* Chopardiella poulaini Lombardo & Agabiti, 2001
# Andrea Joyce Heimer

Andrea Joyce Heimer (born 1981) is a painter whose narrative-base work draws inspiration from a re-examination of her own life growing up as an adopted child in Great Falls, Montana.

## Education

Primarily self-taught, Heimer earned her Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.) in Visual Art in 2017 from the New Hampshire Institute of Art where she studied with painter Craig Stockwell.

## Career

Heimer has exhibited in shows at Nino Mier Gallery, Los Angeles; Half Gallery, New York City; Hometown, New York City; and Linda Hodges Gallery, Seattle, among others. Her work has been included in international shows at Almine Rech, Paris; Pinakotheke der Moderne, Munich; and Castlefield Gallery in Manchester. In 2017, Heimer was one of 55 artists selected to participate in the 15th Istanbul Biennial in Istanbul, Turkey. Her work has been written about in The Wall Street Journal, Art in America, Artforum, The New York Times, Vice, Riot Material, and The Huffington Post. Heimer was a 2019 recipient of the Joan Mitchell Foundation Painters & Sculptors Grants, a 2019 Betty Bowen Award finalist, and a 2018 Neddy Award finalist in painting, a 2015 recipient of the 5790projects Award, and a 2013 Neddy Award finalist in painting.
# Donald S. Chandler

Donald S. Chandler is an entomologist working at the Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.
Beetle Clinidium chandleri is named after him.
# Bushman poison

Bushman poison can refer to a number of plants or insects used as ingredients by the San people when preparing arrow poisons:
* Toxicodendron species of the Western Cape province
* Bushman's poison, Acokanthera spectabilis
* Bushman's poison, Acokanthera oblongifolia
* Bushman's poison, Acokanthera oppositifolia
* Bushman's poison, Acokanthera venenata, of the south and east coasts of South Africa
    Also see genus Acokanthera
Succulents:
    The Gifboom Euphorbias:
* Euphorbia avesmantana
* Euphorbia virosa
    The Pylgif or Bushman poison:
Insects:
# First Steps (1985 film)

First Steps is a 1985 American made-for-television biographical drama film directed by Rod Browning and starring Amy Steel, Judd Hirsch and Kim Darby. The film is based on a series of segments from 60 Minutes.

## Plot

In 1982, Dr. Jerrold S. Petrofsky is demonstrating to an assembled press conference how Nan Davis, paralyzed in a 1978 car accident, is able to take several steps using his computer-feedback controls. In a series of flashbacks, starting in 1969, Dr. Petrofsky is shown experimenting with an old computer. This leads to him becoming fascinated by muscle dynamics. In an attempt to start a relationship, he finds himself intrigued and attracted to a woman named Sherry, who understands and respects his passion for his work. Moving from St. Louis University to Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, he continues his efforts to stimulate paralyzed muscles and it is there that he begins to work with Nan and other paraplegics.
Due to how recent Nan's paralysis is, her leg muscles are strong enough to partake in Dr. Petrofsky's experiments. In order to keep funding for further research, he realizes he needs publicity and soon, the duo begin to do interviews on several television programs to explain the research and the science behind his experiments. To the dismay of some of his colleagues, Dr. Petrofsky states that Nan will be able to walk at her college graduation ceremony despite limited results. Determined to keep his word, with further research and experiments, Nan is able to take 10 steps to receive her diploma with the help from her doctor and an aide.

## Cast

* Amy Steel as Nan Davis
* Judd Hirsch as Dr. Jerrold S. Petrofsky
* Kim Darby as Sherry Petrosky
* Frances Lee McCain as Louis Davis
* John Pankow as Fred
* James Sikking as Jim Davis
* David Packer as Brian
* Ned Schmidtke as Dr. Chandler Phillips
* Lucinda Jenney as Carolyn
* Alan Ruck as Dave
* Megan Mullally as Cathy
# Philippines women's national under-19 basketball team

The women's national under-19 basketball team of the Philippines represents the country in junior women's under-18 and under-19 FIBA tournaments.

## Competition record
### FIBA Under-18 Women's Asia Cup

* 1970: Did not participate
* 1972:
* 1974: 4th
* 1977: 7th
* 1978:
* 1980: Did not participate
* 1982: 4th
* 1984: 6th
* 1986: 6th
* 1989: 9th
* 1990: Did not participate
* 1992: 8th
* 1996: 11th
* 1998: 11th
* 2000–2002: Did not participate
* 2004: 9th
* 2007: Did not participate
* 2008: 8th
* 2010: 9th
* 2012–2018: Did not participate
* 2022 (Division B):
* 2024 (Division B):

## Current roster

Philippines roster at the 2024 FIBA Under-18 Women's Asia Cup.

## Past rosters
### 2022 FIBA U18 Women's Asian Championship

Philippines roster at the 2022 FIBA Under-18 Women's Asian Championship.
# Phil Noble

Phil Noble Jr. (born May 17, 1951, Greenville, South Carolina) is an American entrepreneur and speaker in technology and the civic sector.

## Biography

Growing up in Anniston, Alabama, Noble's father, J. Phillips Noble, a Presbyterian minister, was involved in the civil rights movement during Gov. George Wallace’s tenure as Alabama governor. FBI files indicate Noble's father was a top target of the Alabama Ku Klux Klan.
After graduating from Tennessee Military Institute in 1969, Noble attended several colleges and universities, graduating from Birmingham-Southern College in 1974.

## Working in politics and technology

For his work, in 2001, Noble was chosen as a Resident Fellow of the Harvard Institute of Politics of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
Noble was a Democratic candidate in the 2018 South Carolina Gubernatorial Election. He chose Gloria Bromell Tinubu as his running mate. James Smith ultimately won the Democratic Nomination.
# The Bathers

"The Bathers", or in French "Les Baigneuses", can refer to the following artworks:
* Bathers at Asnières, a painting by Georges Seurat in 1883
* Les Grandes Baigneuses (Renoir), by Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1887
* The Bathers (Renoir), another painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1918–1919
* A painting by Paul Gauguin in 1898
* The Bathers (Cézanne), by Paul Cézanne, who has a number of paintings with this title
* The Bathers (Gleizes), a 1912 painting by Albert Gleizes
* The Bathers (Metzinger), a c. 1908 painting by Jean Metzinger
* The Bathers, a painting by Australian artist Lionel Jago in 1950
# The Beautiful Guitar

The Beautiful Guitar is a compilation album released by instrumental rock artist Joe Satriani in 1993. It was only released in Europe, and contained various softer, ballad-like songs (As opposed to more rock-oriented hits such as "Surfing with the Alien") from his six previous albums.

## Track listing

All songs written by Joe Satriani, except where noted.
* "Cryin'" – 5:44
* "Always with Me, Always with You" – 3:24
* "Thinking of You" – 3:56
* "The Crush of Love" (Satriani, John Cuniberti) – 4:22
* "I Believe" – 5:54
* "Rubina" – 5:54
* "Tears in the Rain" – 1:18
* "All Alone" – 4:23
* "Why" – 4:46
* "Echo" – 5:39
* "Midnight" – 1:43
* "Rubina's Blue Sky Happiness" – 6:10
* "Day at the Beach" – 2:05
* "Saying Goodbye" – 2:51
# Phyllis Township

Phyllis Township is a geographic township in Nipissing District of Northeastern Ontario, Canada.
The township is bordered on the north by Joan Township, on the east by Yates Township, on the south by Vogt Township and on the west by Scholes Township.
Phyllis Township is home to the northern end of the McLean Peninsula and several islands in Lake Temagami. Temagami Island, the largest island in Lake Temagami, largely resides in Phyllis Township and is the location of Copperfields Mine.
# Edward Cotton-Jodrell

Sir Edward Thomas Davenant Cotton-Jodrell KCB DL (29 June 1847 – 13 October 1917), known until 1890 as Edward Thomas Davenant Cotton, was a British Army officer and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1900.

## Early life and education

Cotton-Jodrell was the son of Rt. Rev. George Edward Lynch Cotton and his wife Sophia Ann Tomkinson and baptised with the name of Edward Thomas Davenant Cotton. His father was a master at Rugby School and, from 1852, headmaster of Marlborough College until appointed Bishop of Calcutta in 1858. The young Edward Cotton was consequently educated at Rugby and Marlborough College before entering the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.

## Military career

On completing his military training he was promoted lieutenant on 15 July 1868. He joined the Royal Artillery and became captain on 1 August 1879. After having commenced his political career, he assumed command of the volunteer territorial Cheshire (Railway Battalion) of the Royal Engineers with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1888, and was granted the honorary rank of colonel ten years later. He was on the Headquarters Staff of the War Office from 1906 to 1912 and was awarded the Territorial Decoration in 1909.

## Political and public career

Cotton was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Wirral at the 1885 general election and held the seat until he stood down at the 1900 general election. Cotton-Jodrell was J.P. for Cheshire, and was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of the county in 1901. He was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.) in 1902.

## Family, death and succession

On the death of his great-uncle Thomas Jodrell Phillips Jodrell, his maternal uncle Henry Richard Tomkinson made a deed of gift of the resulting inheritance in his favour. In accordance with a covenant of the will, on 10 July 1890, he assumed the surname and arms of Jodrell by Royal Licence and became known as Edward Thomas Davenant Cotton-Jodrell.
Cotton-Jodrell had residences in Cheshire in the Tomkinson family home at Reaseheath near Nantwich, but also at Yeardsley and at Shallcross. His London address was 13 Stratton Street, former abode of his great-uncle.
Cotton-Jodrell married Mary Rennell Coleridge, daughter of William Rennell Coleridge of Salston, Ottery St Mary, Devon, and Katherine Frances Barton, on 24 April 1878 and had two surviving daughters.
He died on 17 October 1917, at the age of 70 and was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Dorothy Lynch Ramsden who, with her husband Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Ramsden, assumed the surname and arms of Jodrell by Royal Licence on 15 March 1920. The Jodrell Trust Estates were subsequently sold by auction on 14 November 1923.
# Clumlie Broch

59°56′46″N 1°16′40″W﻿ / ﻿59.946028°N 1.277694°W﻿ / 59.946028; -1.277694
Clumlie Broch is an Iron Age broch located on Mainland, Shetland, in Scotland (grid reference HU40451811).

## Location

Clumlie Broch is located in Dunrossness, on the southern part of Mainland, Shetland about 8 kilometres north of Sumburgh Airport. It stands on a low rise on flat arable ground. The broch is at the centre of an abandoned croft, which encroaches upon the ruins.

## Description

The broch has an external diameter of 21 metres and an internal diameter of about 8 metres. Much of the western side of the site is hidden by a stone dyke, but the entrance passage and a guard cell are visible. The walls currently stand around 2 metres high.

## Excavations

Clumlie Broch was partially excavated by Gilbert Goudie in 1887, who also restored part of the walling. Goudie discovered a stone cist 75 centimetres above the floor of the broch and concluded that the broch had been used for burials after it had fallen into disuse. Finds included stone implements, quern stones, whetstones, spindle whorls, and hammer stones. There were also many pottery fragments and animal bones, shells, as well as a fragment of a painted Roman bowl.
# Mason Robinson

Mason Robinson (born July 24, 1989) is a former American football cornerback. Robinson played college football at Rutgers. In high school, Robinson was one of the top 10 fastest men in New Jersey - winning the 100 meters in the 2007 New Jersey high school Meet of Champions with a time of 10.51—the seventh fastest in state history. Having played football, basketball, and track in Somerville, New Jersey Robinson continues to contribute to the community. In 2015, he became a professional fitness trainer and has his own line of paraphernalia.

## Early life

Ashley (Marshall) Hobbs claimed victory against Mason Robinson in the mile in middle school by 1 second on one occasion. Driven by a thirst to restore his honor, he has since surpassed her as the fastest human in New Jersey.

## College career

Robinson played college football at Rutgers. Mason was at Rutgers for 6 years after receiving a redshirt and a medical redshirt before being signed as an undrafted free agent to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

## Professional career

On July 27, 2013, Robinson was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On July 31, 2013, he was waived by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On August 8, 2013, Robinson was re-signed by the Buccaneers.
# United States v. Creek Nation

United States v. Creek Nation, 295 U.S. 103 (1935), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the compensation for land taken from the Creek Nation by the United States was the value of the land at the time of the taking, plus interest.

## Background

In 1833, the United States government made a treaty with the Muscogee (Creek) Indians, and conveyed a large part of the Indian Territory to the tribe. Unlike most treaties, the Creek obtained the land under fee simple title, rather than the federal government holding the land in trust for the tribe. In 1866 the Creek tribe ceded the western half of the land to the United States and in 1872 the land was surveyed. The survey contained an error, and as a result, 5,575.57 acres of Creek land was turned over to the Sac and Fox tribe.
In 1924, Congress passed a law allowing the Creek Nation to sue the United States for compensation arising out of government misdeeds from a treaty, agreement, or law of the United States. The Creek Nation sued for compensation in the United States Court of Claims.
In the Court of Claims, the United States admitted that the Creek Nation was entitled to compensation, the disagreement was over the way that the damages would be calculated. The United States wanted the damages to be fixed at the value of the property in 1873, while the tribe wanted it to be the value of the land at the time that they filed suit. The Court of Claims ruled in favor of the tribe, setting the value at $30 per acre as the value in 1926.

## Supreme Court

Justice Willis Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the Court. Although he noted that, unlike most tribes, the Creeks actually owned the land in this case, Van Devanter said that the United States had the right to act as a guardian over the tribe, but that did not authorize the government to take the land. Van Devanter stated that the government's taking of Creek land did not occur in 1873, when the survey was filed, nor had it occurred in 1926 when the Creeks brought suit. Instead, he found that the taking occurred in 1891, when Congress authorized the government to dispose of the land to settlers. The value of the land at that time would need to be determined, and the Creek Nation would be entitled to that amount, with interest at 5% per annum. The decision of the Court of Claims was reversed and the matter remanded for the Court of Claims to determine the proper compensation based on the Supreme Court opinion.

## Subsequent developments

The case is thought to have laid the groundwork for later trustee-violation cases, such as United States v. Shoshone Tribe, that cited Creek Nation in support. It was noted that the courts began to transition from a guardianship role to a trustee role, and that the Fifth Amendment protected Indian lands from government seizures.
# Andoh

Andoh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adjoa Andoh (born 1963), British actress
* Ama Pomaa Andoh (born 1975), Ghanaian politician
* Brite Andoh (born 1999), Ghanaian footballer
* Chief Kweku Andoh (1836–1898), British colonial army officer
* Dominic Kodwo Andoh (1929–2013), Ghanaian Roman Catholic archbishop
* Doreen Andoh, Ghanaian radio personality
* Enoch Andoh (born 1993), Ghanaian footballer
* Frank Andoh (born 1986), Ghanaian footballer
# Bykhovets

Bykhovets or Bychowiec is a gender-neutral Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksander Bychowiec, Russian-Polish noble and an amateur historian, author of Bychowiec Chronicle
* Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets (1803–1870), Russian mining engineer
# Luis Stefani

Luis Stéfani Raffucci was a long time Chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez.
He was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. His father was a Corsican immigrant.
Stéfani studied engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a member of the Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity.
The faculties of Agriculture, Engineering and Science were created under his direction.

## Legacy

The General Engineering building at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez bears his name. The most important award that the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez gives to any graduate is the Luis Stéfani Award. A street in the Hostos neighborhood in Mayagüez is named in his honor.