OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manakkody

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Manakkody is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India. It is known for the paddy fields which extend from Manakody to Pullu.
The village also benefits from the typical tropical climate of Kerala, with abundant rainfall and moderate temperatures, which are ideal for rice cultivation among other crops. This agrarian lifestyle is a significant aspect of life in Manakkody, with many residents involved in farming and related activities.
Culturally, Manakkody is influenced by the broader traditions of Kerala, including the famous festivals, dance forms, and culinary styles that characterize the region. The community likely participates in traditional Kerala festivals such as Onam and Vishu, which are celebrated with much enthusiasm across the state.
Transportation in and around Manakkody is facilitated by local roads that connect it to major towns and cities, ensuring that it remains accessible while still retaining its serene and rural charm. This connectivity also supports the economic activities of the villagers, particularly the trade of agricultural products.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Manakkody had a population of 5527 with 2717 males and 2810 females.

## Culture

The culture of Manakkody is deeply rooted in its religious and festive celebrations. Temples dot the landscape, serving as centers for community gathering and spiritual solace. Festivals, likely drawing from Kerala’s rich tapestry of temple festivities, resonate through the air with music and dance, reflecting the heritage and traditions passed down through generations. Such celebrations are not only social events but also affirmations of collective identity and continuity.

## Geography

Manakkody is known for its expansive paddy fields, which are not only a staple of its economy but also a canvas of green that stretches across the village landscape. The geographic coordinates place it at a point where the bounty of nature is both a livelihood and a backdrop to daily life. This setting fosters a deep connection between the villagers and their environment, emphasizing a life rhythm dictated by the seasons and the crops they bring.

## Economy

Agriculture in Manakkody, especially rice cultivation, is the backbone of the local economy. The paddy fields of Manakkody are more than just agricultural assets; they are a heritage cultivated through centuries of traditional farming practices. The rhythm of planting and harvest seasons dictates the economic pulse of the village and sustains the community. This connection to the land is reflective of a broader Indian rural ethos, where agriculture is both sustenance and a way of life.

## Community and Development

Despite its picturesque serenity, Manakkody faces challenges typical of rural areas, such as the need for enhanced educational facilities and healthcare services. Community development efforts are crucial in addressing these needs, and local initiatives may focus on improving infrastructure, access to clean water, and educational outreach programs. Such efforts ensure that the village does not just survive but thrives, integrating modern advancements with traditional living.
# Lithops hookeri

Lithops hookeri is a species of plant in the genus Lithops, in the family Aizoaceae. It is native to the Northern Cape province of South Africa.
# Ljungby, Falkenberg

Ljungby is a former parish in Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden. The name is most likely derived from the conjunction of ljung (Calluna) and by (village). It is confirmed in written sources from at least 1267. Two conurbations exist within the parish borders; Ljungby/Lilla Ljungby and Bergagård. A minor part of Ätrafors is also within the parish boundary.

## Geography, geology and nature

The parish has an area of 54.37 km$^2$, of which 53.47 km$^2$ are land. It is mainly situated on the Hallandian plain. Arable land covered, as of 1971, about 62 percent of the parish, while 26 percent was wooded. The river Ätran delimits it in the northeast, while a tributary river, Vinån, flows through the central part of the parish. The only lake of any size is Ljungsjön, situated in the central part of the parish.
The highest shore-line passes through the parish, resulting in varied ground conditions. An ice lake delta once covered the eastern parts of the parish, leading to deposits of gravel and sand, which are being exploited. Moraine eskers are found in the northern and eastern parts. A 120 centimeter long lower jawbone from an av baleen whale has been found in Tångaberg.
The highest peak is Horsakullen, 137 meters above sea-level. Other hills are Hellepjucken (130 m), Vasabjär and Hanapjutten.
Two types of Heath plants are closely associated with Ljungby: Calluna and Broom. Calluna was previously widespread in the area, but its appearance has diminished due to modern farming. It has given its name not only to the parish, but also to several lakes, hills and farms.
Ljungby was, as of 1971, the only place in Halland, and perhaps Sweden, where Genista germanica could be found. It was also the only place in Halland north of the river Ätran where Silkyleaf woadwaxen could be found.

## History

Several Bronze Age tumuli are found within the parish. A cemetery can be found in the wooded area west of Ljungsjön. The cemetery includes a tumulus with a diameter of 32 meters and a height of 2.5 meters, named Hästerör. Another cemetery can be found in the southern part of the parish. It covers an area of 70x190 meters and includes stone circles and stone ships.
Ljungby has had at least two churches. The old one caught fire in 1869 and was replaced with a new one at the same spot, inaugurated in 1875.
An inn was established in 1764. It was originally situated in Bergagård, but moved to Lilla Ljungby in the late 19th century and was closed down in the early 20th century.
Ljungby municipality (the secular equivalence of the parish) merged with Vinberg in 1952. The new municipality in turn merged with several other municipalities in 1970 to form the current Falkenberg Municipality.

## Infrastructure

County road 154 passes through the parish in a southwestern-northeastern direction. Falkenberg railway used to pass through Ljungby, but without having any station within the parish.
# Evensen

Evensen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Evensen (1883–1942), Norwegian musician
* Andreas Evensen (born 1986), Norwegian boxer
* Andrias Christian Evensen (1874–1917), Faroese priest, editor, writer, and politician
* Bernt Evensen (1905–1979), Norwegian speed skater and racing cyclist
* Carl Julius Evensen (1851–1937), Norwegian shipmaster and explorer
* Dan Evensen (born 1974), Norwegian mixed martial artist and kickboxer
* Erling Evensen (1914–1998), Norwegian cross-country skier
* Frank Evensen (born 1962), Norwegian judoka
* Henrik Evensen (born 1994), Norwegian cyclist
* Jens Evensen (1917–2004), Norwegian lawyer, judge, and politician
* Johan Remen Evensen (born 1985), Norwegian ski jumper
* Lars Evensen (1896–1969), Norwegian trade unionist and politician
* Per Egil Evensen (born 1950), Norwegian politician
* Robert Evensen (born 1982), Norwegian footballer
* Svend Evensen (1880–?), Norwegian judge
* Tidemann Flaata Evensen (1905–1969), Norwegian politician
* Vidar Evensen (born 1971), Norwegian footballer
* Willy Evensen (1919–1997), Norwegian rower
# Wandering Spirit

Wandering Spirit may refer to:
* Wandering Spirit (album), an album by Mick Jagger, or the title track
* Wandering Spirit (Cree leader), a Cree war chief
* Hungry ghost
# Bundesstraße 199

The Bundesstraße 199 is the name of two German federal roads or Bundesstraße. The first road runs between Klixbüll, Flensburg and Kappeln in the northern part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. The second road runs between Klempenow and Anklam in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

## Route
### Route in Schleswig-Holstein

The B 199 begins at the village of Klixbüll north of the town of Niebüll at the B 5. It then runs parallel to the German-Danish border through the Villages of Leck, Stadum, Schafflund and Handewitt, where it crosses the A 7 motorway until it reaches the city of Flensburg. It bypasses the city together with the B 200. After leaving Flensburg it meets the villages of Langballig, Steinbergkirche and Gelting until it ends in at an intersection with the B 201 and B 203 in the western part of Kappeln

### Route in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

The B 199 begins in the village of Klempenow. Shortly after it has a junction with the A 20 motorway. It runs straight to the city of Anklam where it meets the B 110 near the Anklam bypass.

## Major junctions

| State | District | Location | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Road in Schleswig-Holstein |||||||||
| Schleswig-Holstein | Nordfriesland | Klixbüll | Klixbüll | B 5 – Husum, Niebüll, Tønder, Süderlügum | cross-level intersection |
| No junctions along Leck, Stadum, Schafflund, Unaften and Handewitt ||||||||
| Schleswig-Holstein | Schleswig-Flensburg | Handewitt | Flensburg/Harrislee | A 7 – Hamburg, Kiel, Husum, Kolding, Bundesgrenze | Husum is only signed westbound |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Flensburg | Friesischer Berg | Flensburg-Schäferhaus | Niebüll (parallel road), Harrislee, Pattburg, Flensburg-Weiche, Schäferhaus | Niebüll is only signed westbound |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Flensburg | Friesischer Berg | Flensburg-Zentrum | B 200 – Aabenraa | Western endpoint of concurrency with the B 200 |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Flensburg | Weiche | Flensburg-Rude | Flensburg-Rude | |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Flensburg | Südstadt | Flensburg-Süd | B 200 – Husum, A 7 | Eastern endpoint of concurrency with the B 200 |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Flensburg | Südstadt | Flensburg-Fördepark | Flensburg-Süd, Fördepark | one-quadrant interchange |
| No junctions along Flensburg-Ost, Wees, Munkbrarup, Langballig, Streichmühle, Steinbergkirche and Gelting ||||||||
| Schleswig-Holstein | Schleswig-Flensburg | Kappeln | Kappeln | B 201 – Schleswig, Süderbrarup, A 7 B 203 – Eckernförde | cross-level intersection |
| Road in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |||||||||
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Mecklenburgische Seenplatte | Breest | Klempenow | Neubrandenburg, Altentreptow, Burow, Klempenow, Stralsund, Jarmen | cross-level intersection crossing with former B 96 |
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Mecklenburgische Seenplatte | Breest | Anklam | A 20 – Berlin, Stettin, Lübeck, Stralsund | |
| No junctions along Iven, Wegezin, Postlow ||||||||
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Vorpommern-Greifswald | Anklam | Görke | B 110 – Jarmen, A 20, Anklam, Insel Usedom | cross-level intersection |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus Incomplete access Route transition |||||||||
# Christian Ludwig (physicist)

Christian Ludwig (17 May 1749, in Leipzig – 25 February 1784, in Leipzig) was a German physician and physicist. He was the son of botanist Christian Gottlieb Ludwig.

## Life

In 1772 he obtained his philosophy degree (magister), then received his medical doctorate in 1774. Following a study trip through Germany, France and England, he returned to Leipzig as a lecturer of physics. He died in Leipzig on 25 February 1784, age 34.

## Publications

He published German translations of Joseph Priestley's experiments and observations on the different kinds of air, "Versuche und Beobachtungen über verschiedene Gattungen der Luft" and of John Elliot's physiological observations involving the senses, "Physiologische Beobachtungen über die Sinne". Other noted works by Ludwig are:
* Dissertatio de aethere varie moto causa diversitatis luminum, (1773).
* De Hydrope Cerebri Pverorvm, (1774).
# Manakkudaiyan

Manakkudaiyan is a village in the Sendurai taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 census, Manakkudaiyan had a total population of 3290 with 1614 males and 1676 females.
# Margaret Miller (politician)

Margaret Miller is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2013 provincial election. A member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party, she represented the electoral district of Hants East until 2021.
On January 12, 2016, Miller was appointed to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Environment.
Miller was re-elected in the 2017 election. On June 15, 2017, premier Stephen McNeil shuffled his cabinet, moving Miller to Minister of Natural Resources. On July 5, 2018, Miller returned to her former position as Minister of Environment in a cabinet shuffle.
On November 29, 2018, Miller announced that she will not run in the next election. On April 24, 2019, she was shuffled out of cabinet.

## Electoral record

2013 Nova Scotia general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Margaret Miller | 4,512 | 47.39 |
| New Democratic Party | John MacDonell | 3,412 | 35.84 |
| Progressive Conservative | Kim Allan Williams | 1,597 | 16.77 |
# Load path analysis

Load path analysis is a technique of mechanical and structural engineering used to determine the path of maximum stress in a non-uniform load-bearing member in response to an applied load. Load path analysis can be used to minimize the material needed in the load-bearing member to support the design load.
Load path analysis may be performed using the concept of a load transfer index, U*. In a structure, the main portion of the load is transferred through the stiffest route. The U* index represents the internal stiffness of every point within the structure. Consequently, the line connecting the highest U* values is the main load path. In other words, the main load path is the ridge line of the U* distribution (contour) This method of analysis has been verified in physical experimentation.

## Load path calculation using U* index

In a structure, the main portion of the load is transferred through the stiffest route. The U* index represents the internal stiffness of every point within the structure. Consequently, the line connecting the highest U* values is the main load path. In other words, the main load path is the ridge line of the U* distribution (contour). The U* index theory has been validated through two different physical experiments.
Since the U* index predicts the load paths based on the structural stiffness, it is not affected by the stress concentration problems. The load transfer analysis using the U* index is a new design paradigm for vehicle structural design. It has been applied in design analysis and optimization by automotive manufacturers like Honda and Nissan.
In the image to the right, a structural member with a central hole is placed under load bearing stress. Figure (a) shows the U* distribution and the resultant load paths while figure (b) is the von Mises Stress distribution. As can be seen from figure (b), higher stresses can be observed at the vicinity of the hole. However, it is unreasonable to conclude the main load passes that area with stress concentration because the hole (which has no material) is not important for carrying the load. The stress concentration caused by the structural singularities like a hole or a notch makes the load transfer analysis more difficult.
# Evolved gas analysis

Evolved gas analysis (EGA) is a method used to study the gas evolved from a heated sample that undergoes decomposition or desorption. It is either possible just to detect evolved gases using evolved gas detection (EGD) or to analyse explicitly which gases evolved using evolved gas analysis (EGA). Therefore different analytical methods can be employed such as mass spectrometry, Fourier transform spectroscopy, gas chromatography, or optical in-situ evolved gas analysis.
By coupling the thermal analysis instrument, e. g. TGA (thermogravimetry) or DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), with a fast Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS) the detection of gas separation and identification of the separated components are possible in exact time correlation with the other thermal analysis signals. DSC/TGA-QMS or TGA-QMS yields information on the composition (mass numbers of elements and molecules) of the evolved gases. It allows fast and easy interpretation of atomic/inorganic vapors and standard gases like H$_2$, H$_2$O, CO$_2$, etc. Fragmentation, interpretation of organic molecules is sometimes difficult.
The combination with an FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer) has become popular, especially in the polymer producing, chemical and pharmaceutical industry. DSC/TGA-FTIR or TGA-FTIR yields information on the composition (absorption bands) of the evolved gases (bonding conditions). The advantage is an easy interpretation (spectra data bases) of organic vapors without fragmentation. Symmetrical molecules can not be detected.
An EGA instrument named the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer was flown on the Phoenix Lander probe that reached Mars in May 2008. Its purpose was to study Martian soil samples.
An EGA instrument was contained within the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite onboard Curiosity Rover which landed on Mars in 2012. The instrument's goal was to understand the habitability and past climates of Mars. SAM detected complex organic carbon on the surface of Mars at Gale Crater in a 3.5 billion year old mudstone.
# USS Phoenix (1861)

The Phoenix was a 404-ton American wooden whaler based in New London, Connecticut. The Union Navy purchased Phoenix at New London on 9 November 1861, at the start of the American Civil War. The Navy wanted her for the Stone Fleet, a group of vessels to be sunk in the channels of important Southern harbors to interrupt Confederate trade. She sailed on the 20th but grounded while crossing Savannah Bar, lost her rudder, and began leaking badly. When refloated she was beached as a breakwater to shelter Union troops landing on Tybee Island, Georgia, on or before 5 December 1861, in preparation for the Battle of Fort Pulaski.
# Hog's Back Falls

The Hog's Back Falls, officially known as the Prince of Wales Falls, but rarely referred to by this name, are a series of artificial waterfalls on the Rideau River in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The falls are located just north of Mooney's Bay and the point where the Rideau Canal splits from the Rideau River.
Prior to the construction of the Rideau Canal, these were a gentle set of rapids originally known as Three Rock Rapids. The name Hog's Back came into use shortly before canal construction. Civil Engineer John MacTaggart, in 1827, described them as "a noted ridge of rocks, called the Hog’s Back, from the circumstances of raftsmen with their wares [timber rafts] sticking on it in coming down the stream." These rapids were about 600 metres (2 000 feet) in length with a drop of about 1.8 metres (6 feet). They were navigable by canoe; no portage was required.
As part of his concept for a slackwater navigation system, Lt. Colonel John By's design for the Rideau Canal called for a large dam to be raised in this location. It would divert water from the Rideau River into the artificially-created section of the canal leading to the Ottawa locks. It would also flood the Three Island Rapids located upstream (the head of present-day Mooney's Bay marks the foot of these rapids).
The building of this dam provided one of the greatest construction challenges (it collapsed three times during construction) of the Rideau Canal, but when completed in 1831, it flooded the Rideau River at that point by 12.5 metres (41 feet). To accommodate the natural flow of the Rideau River and to prevent damage from spring flooding, a large wastewater weir was constructed. The water from this flows through a channel that was excavated in the eastern bank of the Rideau River. This created the Hog's Back Falls that we see today.
The head of the original rapids is now buried beneath the canal dam, but the lower section of the rapids can still be seen today.
This location marks where the route of the Rideau Canal leaves the Rideau River and enters a manmade canal leading to the Ottawa locks. A series of locks lowers boats from this location to the Ottawa River.
# Paul Leuquet

Paul Leuquet (29 November 1932 – 10 October 2023) was a French painter, cartoonist, and poet.

## Biography

Born in Bordeaux on 29 November 1932, Leuquet was the son of an actor father and an artist mother. He studied at the École des beaux-arts de Bordeaux [fr] and held his first exhibition in 1957. In 1962, he published Joachim du Bellay, Divers Jeux rustiques with Éditions Vialetay. In 1964, he released the album Images de Bordeaux, which contained 14 original chisels. In 1969, he released Images de la Nature, prefaced by René Huyghe.
In 1971, Leuquet received the Grand Medal of the Académie Nationale Arts, Sciences, Lettres de Bordeaux. That same year, he released Paysages d'Aquitaine, with 14 chisels. In 1982, a retrospective exhibition bearing his name was held at the Grand Hôtel de Bordeaux & Spa [fr]. One of his engravings and watercolors was selected by the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux in 1984. One of his works was exhibited alongside Pablo Picasso's at the Musée Picasso in Antibes.
In 1993, Leuquet released Le Voyage d'Ulysse, a catalogue on the initiative of Bernard Barthet and Jean Cazès, and financed by the Crédit Foncier de France. In 1995, he published Monsieur Dubois ou les mémoires de mon Ombre with Éditions Opales, a novel of more than a hundred fables. He published another book in 1998 with the Regional Council of Aquitaine, titled Des pas et des chemins. In 2000, he produced six steel frames for Château Durfort-Vivens. His final text was written in 2003, titled Avez-vous des nouvelles de Monsieur de la Pérouse ? and published by Éditions Opales.
Paul Leuquet died in Bordeaux on 10 October 2023, at the age of 90.

## Publications

* Joachim Du Bellay Divers jeux rustiques (1962)
* Les Besoins esthétiques de l’homme (1979)
* Monsieur Dubois ou les mémoires de mon ombre (1995)
* Des pas et des chemins (1998)
* Avez-vous des nouvelles de M. de la Pérouse ? (2004)
# S37

S37 may refer to:

## Aviation

* Blériot-SPAD S.37, a French biplane airliner
* Sikorsky S-37, an American sesquiplane
* Smoketown Airport, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States
* Sukhoi S-37, an experimental Russian jet fighter

## Other uses

* County Route S37 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
* S37: Wear suitable gloves, a safety phrase
* SREC (file format), an ASCII encoding format for binary data
* Sulfur-37, an isotope of sulfur
* Taungurung language
* USS S-37 (SS-142), a submarine of the United States Navy
# Dutch Reformed Church (Harrodsburg, Kentucky)

The Dutch Reformed Church in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, also known as Old Mud Meeting House, is a historic Reformed church.
It was built in 1800 and is an oak log building which was the first Low Dutch Reformed Church west of the Alleghenies. It was constructed of vertical logs with mud and straw panels in between. Weatherboard on the exterior and plastering on the interior was added in 1850 and later. It is about 46 by 34 feet (14 m × 10 m) in dimension.
It was added to the National Register in 1973.
# Diced Pineapples

"Diced Pineapples" is a hip hop song by American rapper Rick Ross and featuring fellow American rapper Wale and Canadian rapper Drake. It was released as the fourth single from the former's fifth studio album God Forgives, I Don't on August 21, 2012.

## Music video

A music video for "Diced Pineapples" was filmed in Anguilla, and premiered on BET's 106 & Park on October 9, 2012. Wale and Drake both make an appearance as well as several models including Bernice Burgos. It was directed by Director X.

## Charts

| Chart (2012–13) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 71 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 16 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 14 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Margaret Mills

Margaret Mills may refer to:
* Margaret Mills (folklorist) (born 1946), folklorist and professor
* Margaret Mills (actress) (died 1717), British stage actress
* Margaret Mills (bowls), Zimbabwean lawn bowler