OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adolf Lasson

Adolf Lasson (12 March 1832, Alt-Strelitz, today Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Strelitz – 20 December 1917, Berlin) was a German Jewish philosophical writer, strident Prussianist, and the father of Georg Lasson.

## Biography

Born into a Jewish family, converted to Christianity, changing name from 'Lazarussohn.' He was educated at the Gymnasium Carolinum, Neu-Strelitz, and the University of Berlin (1848–52; philosophy with Friedrich Eduard Beneke, classical philology with A. Boeckh, Lachmann and Trendelenburg, theology and law). In 1858 he became teacher at the Friedrichsgymnasium, and from 1859 to 1897 he occupied the same position at the Louisenstädtisches Real-Gymnasium. In 1861 he took the Ph.D. degree at Leipzig University, and in 1877 became privatdozent in philosophy at Berlin University. Since 1874 he lectured on the history of German literature at the Viktoria Lyceum. He embraced Christianity in 1853, and as of 1906 held the position of honorary professor at the University of Berlin. By the time he converted to Christianity he changed his family name from the original Lazarussohn to Lasson.

## Ideas

Adolf Lasson was influenced by German Idealism and by the writings of the Hegelian theologian David Friedrich Strauss. He saw the liberty of mind as the first and most certain fact and as a moral duty. The ideas of Meister Eckhart were for him principles for both Christianity and German Idealism.

## Literary works

* "Johann Gottlieb Fichte im Verhältnis zu Kirche und Staat", 1863;
* "Meister Eckhart" and "Das Kulturideal und der Krieg", 1868;
* "Prinzip und Zukunft des Völkerrechts", 1871;
* "System der Rechtsphilosophie", 1881;
* "Die Entwickelung des religiösen Bewusstseins der Menschheit nach E. v. Hartmann", 1883;
* "Zeitliches und Zeitloses", 8 lectures, 1890;
* "Das unendlich Kleine im wirthschaftlichen Leben", 1891
* "Lotterie und Volkswirtschaft", 1894;
* "Das Gedächtnis", 1894;
* "Handelsinteressen und Grundbesitzinteressen", 1896;
* "Der Leib", 1898
He also edited a translation into German of Giordano Bruno's "De Causa" (3d ed. 1902), and a small volume of religious poetry entitled "Herzensstille", 1868.
# White River Ash

The White River Ash is a 1,500-year-old tephra deposit found in the southern part of the Yukon Territory, Canada and eastern Alaska. The deposit is bilobate, formed by two large (VEI 6) explosive eruptions from the stratovolcano of Mount Churchill that occurred around 850 AD and blanketed 340,000 km$^2$ (130,000 sq mi). While originally believed to only exist within North America, recent observations (2014) have found crypto-tephra from the eruption across northern Europe.
# Abdul Hussain Jivaji

Abdul Hussayn Jivaji (also known as Maulana Malak) was the founder of the Atba-i-Malak branch of Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam.
# Canton of Hérouville-Saint-Clair

The canton of Hérouville-Saint-Clair is an administrative division of the Calvados department, northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Hérouville-Saint-Clair.

## Composition

It consists of the following communes:
* Colombelles
* Hérouville-Saint-Clair

## Councillors

| Election | Councillors | Party | Occupation |
| 2015 | Sylviane Lepoittevin | MoDem | Councillor of Hérouville-Saint-Clair |
| 2015 | Rodolphe Thomas | MoDem | Mayor of Hérouville-Saint-Clair |
| 2016 | Erwann Bernet | MoDem | Animator in socio-cultural center |
| 2021 | Elise Cassetto-Gadrat | DVG | Councillor of Hérouville-Saint-Clair |
| 2021 | Steve Lechangeur | DVG | Councillor of Colombelles |
* In December 2015, Rodolphe Thomas resigned for accumulation of mandates. He is replaced by his substitute, Erwann Bernet.

## Pictures of the canton

| Beauregard castle in Hérouville-Saint-Clair | Carolingian Farm at Ornavik Historical Park in Hérouville-Saint-Clair | Monument to the last casting of the Société Métallurgique de Normandie |
# Canton of Hénin-Beaumont-2

The canton of Hénin-Beaumont-2 is an administrative division of the Pas-de-Calais department, in northern France. It was created during the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Hénin-Beaumont.
It consists of the following communes:
* Courcelles-lès-Lens
* Drocourt
* Évin-Malmaison
* Hénin-Beaumont (partly)
* Leforest
* Noyelles-Godault
# Robinsons Ormoc

Robinsons Ormoc (formerly known as Robinsons Place Ormoc) is a shopping mall in Ormoc City, It is located along the Palo-Carigara-Ormoc Rd, Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc.

## Overview

Robinsons Ormoc has a Robinsons Department Store, which is the company's 50th, a Robinsons Supermarket, which is the company's 155th, a Cinema, and other stores.
# Rod Shoate

Roderick Shoate (April 26, 1953 – October 4, 1999) was an American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was a four-time All-Big 8 Conference Player and a three-time All-American at the University of Oklahoma. He played seven seasons in the NFL for the New England Patriots, and then in the United States Football League (USFL) for the New Jersey Generals and Memphis Showboats.
Shoate, who died in 1999 after a long illness, was elected posthumously to the College Football Hall of Fame. in 2013.
Former coaches and teammates attribute Shoate's speed, attention to detail, and relentless pursuit of the other team to his success as a player.
# Vals-le-Chastel

Vals-le-Chastel is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# Capstone Partners

Capstone Partners is a full service middle market investment bank headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 2001, at that time a wholly owned subsidiary of Arthur Andersen. In 2002 the firm's current President John Ferrara legally incorporated the group as Capstone Partners. Having completed eight transactions over the past 20 years, including the acquisition of Denver, Colorado–based investment bank Headwaters MB, the firm now has over 175 employees across multiple offices in the United States with a particular focus on serving the full business lifecycle needs of business owners, investors and creditors in the middle market. On June 16, 2022, Capstone Partners was acquired by Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (Nasdaq: HBAN).
# Robyn Donald

Robyn Donald (born 14 August 1940) is a prolific New Zealand writer of romance novels since 1977. Her books have print runs of up to 500,000 copies at a time.

## Biography

Donald was born in Warkworth where her father owned a dairy farm. She trained and worked as a teacher. In 1960, she married Donald James Kingston. She now lives at Kerikeri in Northland.
At a time when her husband was suffering from a heart attack, he encouraged her to finish the manuscript she was writing at the time, and send it off. She was not convinced, but since his doctor had asked her to humor her husband, she finished the manuscript, and sent it to the editors. Three months later, she was surprised to receive a letter from the editor saying that if she made a few revisions they would buy her novel Bride at Whangatapu. Donald has written over 85 published novels for Mills & Boon that have been translated into 25 languages.
Her first romance titled Bride at Whangatapu was published under the exegesis of Mills & Boon in 1977, and her fiftieth novel The Mirror Bride was published in 1996. She writes for the English Mills and Boon romance series, and all her books have also been re-edited under Harlequin Enterprises Limited series. They are largely urban Auckland-based romances set in the elite of corporate executives, property investors and lawyers with feisty independent career-oriented heroines and apparently callous and dominating heroes; compared to the earlier South Island-oriented Anglophile romances of Essie Summers.
# Aguinalíu

Aguinalíu or Aguinaliu is a locality located in the municipality of Graus, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 19.

## Geography

Aguinalíu is located 86km east of Huesca.
# Candid (app)

Candid was a mobile app for anonymous discussions. It used machine learning to create personalized newsfeeds of opinions and real conversations, and also for moderation and filtering. Users posted under pseudonyms such as "HyperMantis", "SincereGiraffe", "GroundedTurtle" and "ExuberantRaptor", that are unique for each thread.
Founder and CEO Bindu Reddy said that she needed "a place to express myself and engage in discussions where ideas can be debated on their own merits instead of being used to attack me as a person", which Candid tried to solve by redirecting off-topic comments to their appropriate groups, removing spam and flagging negative posts. They used natural language processing to identify hate speech, slander and threats, and removed them accordingly with human intervention. Candid software analyzed topics and tried to flag rumors and lies as such. Users could flag problematic posts and a team of ten contractors would review them individually. With time the system analyzed a user's interactions and give them labels, such as socializer, explorer, positive, influencer, hater, gossip, etc.
In June 2017, Candid announced that it would be shut down because its parent company, Post Intelligence, was being acquired. The app was forecast to close on June 23, 2017, but didn't actually close until June 25, 2017.
# Val-Paradis, Quebec

Val-Paradis is an unconstituted locality within the municipality of Baie-James in the Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Val-Paradis had a population of 186 living in 79 of its 84 total private dwellings, a change of 20% from its 2016 population of 155. With a land area of 38.48 km$^2$ (14.86 sq mi), it had a population density of 4.8/km$^2$ (12.5/sq mi) in 2021.
# Vanitas with the Spinario

Vanitas with the Spinario is a 1628 still life painting by Pieter Claesz, now in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. It belongs to the sub-genre of vanitas. To the left is a reduced-size reproduction of the Spinario statue.

## Sources

* (in Spanish) Rynck, Patrick de: Pieter Claesz, «Naturaleza muerta vanitas con el "Spinario"», en las pp. 266-267 de Cómo leer la pintura, 2005, Grupo Editorial Random House Mondadori, S.L., ISBN 84-8156-388-9
* This article about a seventeenth-century painting is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cardiophysics

Cardiophysics is an interdisciplinary science that stands at the junction of cardiology and medical physics, with researchers using the methods of, and theories from, physics to study cardiovascular system at different levels of its organisation, from the molecular scale to whole organisms. Being formed historically as part of systems biology, cardiophysics designed to reveal connections between the physical mechanisms, underlying the organization of the cardiovascular system, and biological features of its functioning.
Zbigniew R. Struzik seems to be a first author who used the term in a scientific publication in 2004.
One can use interchangeably also the terms cardiovascular physics.
# Vanessa Phillips Women's Tournament

The Vanessa Phillips Women's Tournament was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hard courts. The event was classified as a $75,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament. It was held in Eilat, Israel, in 2013.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2013 | Elina Svitolina | Marta Sirotkina | 6–3, 3–6, 7–5 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2013 | Alla Kudryavtseva Elina Svitolina | Corinna Dentoni Aliaksandra Sasnovich | 6–1, 6–3 |
# Airbet Girabet

The Airbet Girabet is a family of Spanish autogyros, designed and produced by Airbet of Barcelona. They are all supplied as complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The Girabet family of designs all feature a single main rotor, tricycle landing gear and Rotax two-stroke and four-stroke engines mounted in pusher configuration. The aircraft fuselage is made from curved steel and aluminium tubing and mounts a cruciform tail. All rotor blades and other dynamic components are built by the company in-house. All models fit pre-rotators to shorten take-off distances.

## Variants
### Girabet Classic

    Original single seat model, powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition powerplant. Its 7.30 m (24.0 ft) diameter rotor has a chord of 21 cm (8.3 in). The aircraft has an empty weight of 118 kg (260 lb) and a gross weight of 230 kg (510 lb), giving a useful load of 112 kg (247 lb). The company also offers a custom-built trailer for ground transportation and home storage.

### Girabet 582

    More powerful single seat model, powered by a 64 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition powerplant. Its 7.30 m (24.0 ft) diameter rotor has a chord of 21 cm (8.3 in). The aircraft has an empty weight of 120 kg (260 lb) and a gross weight of 230 kg (510 lb), giving a useful load of 110 kg (240 lb). Take-off roll with the pre-rotator is 20 m (65.6 ft).

### Girabet 2

    Side-by-side configuration two seat model intended for use as a trainer, powered by a 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912S four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition powerplant. Its 8.40 m (27.6 ft) diameter rotor has a chord of 21 cm (8.3 in). The aircraft has an empty weight of 175 kg (386 lb) and a gross weight of 410 kg (900 lb), giving a useful load of 235 kg (518 lb).

### Girabet 2 Sport

    Side-by-side configuration two seat model intended for use as a cross country aircraft and equipped with a cockpit fairing and windshield. Powered by a 100 hp (75 kW) Rotax 912S four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition powerplant, its 8.40 m (27.6 ft) diameter rotor has a chord of 21 cm (8.3 in). The aircraft has an empty weight of 220 kg (490 lb) and a gross weight of 450 kg (990 lb), giving a useful load of 230 kg (510 lb).

## Specifications (Girabet 582)

Data from Bayerl
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Empty weight: 120 kg (265 lb)
* Gross weight: 230 kg (507 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 42 litres (9.2 imp gal; 11 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 582 two cylinder, air-cooled, two stroke aircraft engine, 48 kW (64 hp)
* Main rotor diameter: 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
* Propellers: 3-bladed composite
Performance
* Maximum speed: 140 km/h (87 mph, 76 kn)
* Cruise speed: 105 km/h (65 mph, 57 kn)
* Rate of climb: 9 m/s (1,800 ft/min)
# Varacieux

Varacieux (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
# Vase of Entemena

The Vase of Entemena is a tripod type silver vase and was named after Entemena, the ruler of Lagash.

## Discovery

The vase was recovered in Telloh in 1888 at the site of ancient Shirpurla by Ernest de Sarzec. It was donated to the Louvre by Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1896 and was thought to be one of the oldest surviving examples of engraving on metal.

## Dating

This vase is believed to date back to c. 2400 BCE. The vase is believed to be dedicated to the war god Ningirsu.

## Depictions

The legs of the vase are made of copper. On the surface of the vase lightly engraved, is an image of Anzud the lion-headed eagle, grasping two lions with his talons.

## Reception

In 1910, Leonard William King described this vase as "the finest example of Sumerian metal work yet recovered."
# Carex humbertii

Carex humbertii is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to central parts of Madagascar.
# Airville, Pennsylvania

Airville is an unincorporated community in Lower Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania, United States. Airville is located in the southeastern part of the county where Pennsylvania Route 74 and Pennsylvania Route 425 intersect and is approximately four miles outside Woodbine.
Airville has an estimated population of 3100 and includes residents from Lower Chanceford, Peach Bottom, and Fawn townships. The Susquehanna River separates Airville from Lancaster County on its eastern side. Travelers can cross the river via the Norman Wood Bridge along Pennsylvania Route 372, which connects to Quarryville in Lancaster County.
Attractions in Airville include Mill Creek Falls Retreat, the Otter Creek Campground and the historical Indian Steps Museum, which are located along Pennsylvania Route 425 and the Susquehanna River. Otter Creek was mentioned in the band Live's song, "The Dam at Otter Creek." Remnants of the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad are also scattered throughout Airville, along Muddy Creek.
# Varteg railway station

Varteg railway station was a railway station which served the village of Varteg, in the county of Monmouthshire, on the Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway. Built by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) as an expansion to meet the Great Western Railway (GWR) at Abersychan and Talywain. It was sometimes referred to on old Ordnance Survey and British Railway Clearing House (RCH) as 'Varteg Halt', despite it having an extensive station building.

## History

Opened by the Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway, it became part of the London and North Western Railway which through the connection with the Heads of the Valleys Line was able to take coal directly to destinations in the Midlands. The station closed in 1941 in the same year when passenger trains operated by the Great Western Railway ceased due to the exigencies of the Second World War.

## The station site today

Although the line through the station site can still be traced on an OS map nearby Shop Road Bridge there is little left to show as the disused station building was later demolished by British Rail. Today, the line through the site is occupied by the National Cycle Route 46.
Reopening the station to the public has become one of the long-term ambitions of the heritage Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway, whom aim to reconstruct the station as part of the expansion plans.
# Vartej

Vartej is a census town in Bhavnagar district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

## Geography

Vartej is a city in the State of Gujarat. The closest tourism destination to Vartej is Bhavnagar. Other close by tourism destinations include Palitana, Dahej and Ankleshwar. The nearest major railway station to Vartej is Bhavnagar Trmus (BVC) which is at a distance of 4.8 km. The nearest airport is at Bhavnagar which is at a distance of 12 km.
Vartej is located at 21°44′N 72°04′E﻿ / ﻿21.73°N 72.07°E﻿ / 21.73; 72.07. It has an average elevation of 29 metres (95 feet). Vartej is one of the Village in Bhavnagar Taluk in Bhavnagar District in Gujarat State . Vartej is located 9.4 km distance from its Taluk Main Town Bhavnagar . Vartej is 6.9 km far from its District Main City Bhavnagar . It is 176 km far from its State Main City Gandhinagar .
Nearby villages are Fariyadka (2.7 km), Kardej (3.4 km), Sodvadra (3.8 km), Shedhavadar (4.3 km), Shampara (4.6 km). Nearest towns are Bhavnagar (9.4 km), Sihor (10.5 km), Ghogha (22 km), Vallabhipur (24.8 km).
Other villages in the Bhavnagar Taluk include Adhelai, Alapar, Bhadbhidiya, Bhadi, Bhandariya, and Bhojpara.
Vartej Pin Code is 364060 and Post office name is . Other villages in Post Office (364060) are Kamlej, Sidsar, Vartej, Kardej, Fariyadka.
Tourism Destinations near Vartej Bhavnagar City holidays
Palitana Pilgrimage/Religious Heritage/Culture Dahej River/Backwater
Ankleshwar Pilgrimage/Religious
Schools in Vartej
1 . VARTEJ K.V. P. SCHOOL
2 . AMBAVADI P. SCHOOL
3 . INDIRA NAGAR P. SCHOOL
Colleges near by Vartej
1 . Shantilal Shah Engineering College, Bhavnagar Address : post. vartej; bhavnagar a-- 364060.
2 . Swami Vivekanand College of Computer Science Address : nr. sport cmplx; sidsar rd;bhavnagar a.
3 . Shri Shantilal Shah Engineering College Address : post.vartej; bhavnagar a--364060 Gujarat.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Vartej had a population of 9703. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Vartej has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 53%. In Vartej, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Notable People

Chetan Sakariya, Indian Cricketer
# Vartdalsfjorden

Vartdalsfjorden is a fjord (more technically, a strait) in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It begins at the Storfjorden and Sulafjorden in the northeast and flows through the municipalities of Hareid and Ulstein on the northern shore of the fjord and through the municipalities of Ørsta and Volda on the southern shore. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long fjord has one road crossing, the Eiksund Tunnel. The deepest part of the fjord reaches 365 metres (1,198 ft) below sea level. The village of Vartdal lies on the southern shore of the fjord in Ørsta. From 1895 until 1964, the southern banks of the fjord were part of the municipality of Vartdal.
# Rogačica

Rogačica (Serbian Cyrillic: Рогачица) is a village in the municipality of Bajina Bašta, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 768 people.
# Valleberga Church

55°25′43.4″N 14°3′45″E﻿ / ﻿55.428722°N 14.06250°E﻿ / 55.428722; 14.06250
Valleberga Church is a church in the village of Valleberga, Sweden. It is situated is about 15 miles east of Ystad in Skåne County. It is in the parish of Löderup of the Diocese of Lund.

## History

It was built of limestone in the middle of the 12th century. It is the only known fortified round church in Skåne. Master mason of the church, Carl stenmästare, also built churches on Bornholm, where round churches were common. The baptismal font was cut by the Romanesque artist known today as Majestatis and shows one of the legends about Saint Peter and Paul of Tarsus. The pulpit was made in 1619. The altar cabinet dates to the beginning of the 16th century.
In 1791, the round church was considerably altered when extensions were made to the north, west and south. These extensions were demolished in 1908–1910 when the round church was restored and a large cathedral-like extension was made to the west, including a new tower.

## Gallery

* Pulpit
* Baptismal Font
* Altar cabinet
# Ahokas

Ahokas is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antti Ahokas (born 1985), Finnish golfer
* Juha Ahokas (born 1969), Finnish Greco-Roman wrestler
* Pertti Ahokas (born 1947), Finnish ice hockey player
# Varshney

Varshney (वार्ष्णेय) is an Indian surname and a community. Alternative names for the group include Barahseni and Bara-Saini. They belong to Bania caste and were traditionally traders and substantial landowners.

## Notable people

* Alka Nupur Varshney (born 1957), Kathak dancer and former actress
* Ashutosh Varshney (born 1957), American political scientist
* Ishwar Das Varshnei (died 1948), called "father of the glass industry" in India
* Rajeev Kumar Varshney (born 1973), Director, Centre of Excellence in Genomics at ICRISAT
* Umesh Varshney (born 1957), molecular biologist
* Y. P. Varshni (born 1932), physicist

### Fictional characters

* Anil Varshney in the 2012 novel The Krishna Key
* Rahul Varshney and Kala Varshney in the 2014 film Ugly
# Valley Power Plant

Valley Power Plant is an intermediate load, natural gas fired, electrical power station located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is owned by We Energies. The plant is a cogeneration facility supplying steam to 480 customers and 280 MW of electricity.

## History

The plant was originally fueled by a pulverized coal and petroleum coke blend. Coal was shipped by boat to Milwaukee's Greenfield Avenue dock and then by barge to the plant. The plant completed its conversion to natural gas in late 2015.

## Units

| Unit | Capacity | Commissioning | Notes |
| 1 | 140 MW | 1968 | Steam / 2 Boilers |
| 2 | 140 MW | 1969 | Steam / 2 Boilers |
# Rodeites

Rodeites dakshinii is a fossil belonging to the fern family Marsileaceae. The fossil consists of a preserved sporocarp containing spores, and was recovered from a Cenozoic chert of India.