OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Meiocyte

A meiocyte is a type of cell that differentiates into a gamete through the process of meiosis. Through meiosis, the diploid meiocyte divides into four genetically different haploid gametes. The control of the meiocyte through the meiotic cell cycle varies between different groups of organisms.

## Yeast

The process of meiosis has been extensively studied in model organisms, such as yeast. Because of this, the way in which the meiocyte is controlled through the meiotic cell cycle is best understood in this group of organisms. A yeast meiocyte that is undergoing meiosis must pass through a number of checkpoints in order to complete the cell cycle. If a meiocyte divides and this division results in a mutant cell, the mutant cell will undergo apoptosis and, therefore, will not complete the cycle.
In natural populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, diploid meiocytes produce haploid cells that then mainly undergo either clonal reproduction, or selfing (intratetrad mating) to form progeny diploid meiocytes. When the ancestry of natural S. cerevisiae strains was analyzed, it was determined that formation of diploid meiocytes by outcrossing (as opposed to inbreeding or selfing) occurs only about once every 50,000 cell divisions. These findings suggest that the principal adaptive function of meiocytes may not be related to the production of genetic diversity that occurs infrequently by outcrossing, but rather may be mainly related to recombinational repair of DNA damage (that can occur in meiocytes at each mating cycle).

## Animal

The animal meiotic cell cycle is very much like that of yeast. Checkpoints within the animal meiotic cell cycle serve to stop mutant meiocytes from progressing further within the cycle. Like yeast meiocytes, if an animal meiocyte differentiates into a mutant cell, the cell will undergo apoptosis.

## Plant

The meiotic cell cycle in plants is very different from that of yeast and animal cells. In plant studies, mutations have been identified that affect meiocyte formation or the process of meiosis. Most meiotic mutant plant cells complete the meiotic cell cycle and produce abnormal microspores. It appears that plant meiocytes do not undergo any checkpoints within the meiotic cell cycle and can, thus, proceed through the cycle regardless of any defect. By studying the abnormal microspores, the progression of the plant meiocyte through the meiotic cell cycle can be investigated further.

## Mammalian infertility

Researching meiosis in mammals plays a crucial role in understanding human infertility. Meiosis research within mammal populations is restricted due to the fundamental nature of meiosis. In order to study mammalian meiosis, a culture technique that would allow for this process to be observed live under a microscope would need to be identified. By viewing live mammalian meiosis, one can observe the behavior of mutant meiocytes that may possibly compromise infertility within the particular organism. However, because of the size and small number of meiocytes, collecting samples of these cells has been difficult and is currently being researched.
# 2023 Monterrey Challenger

The 2023 Monterrey Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Monterrey, Mexico from 20 to 26 February 2023.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| FRA | Adrian Mannarino | 59 | 1 |
| ECU | Emilio Gómez | 94 | 2 |
| USA | Denis Kudla | 95 | 3 |
| GER | Daniel Altmaier | 97 | 4 |
| USA | Christopher Eubanks | 102 | 5 |
| POR | Nuno Borges | 104 | 6 |
| JPN | Taro Daniel | 106 | 7 |
| JPN | Yosuke Watanuki | 112 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 13 February 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Ernesto Escobedo
* Rodrigo Pacheco Méndez
* James Van Deinse
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Bradley Klahn
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Guido Andreozzi
* Nick Chappell
* Jesse Flores
* Bernard Tomic
* Denis Yevseyev
* Evan Zhu

## Champions
### Singles

* Nuno Borges def. Borna Gojo 6–4, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$.

### Doubles

* André Göransson / Ben McLachlan def. Luis David Martínez / Cristian Rodríguez 6–3, 6–4.
# Christen Gran Bøgh

Christen Gran Bøgh (11 June 1876 – 4 September 1955) was a Norwegian jurist, tourism promoter and theatre critic. He was based in the city of Bergen.

## Personal life

He was born in Bergen as the son of art historian Johan Bøgh (1848–1933) and his wife Wenche Gran (1852–1916). He was the brother of Albert Vilhelm Bøgh. On the paternal side he was a great-grandson of Lyder Sagen, and on the maternal side he was a great-grandson of politician Jens Gran, grandson of merchant Christen Knagenhjelm Gran and nephew of professor Gerhard Gran.
In 1906 he married Ragndid Sømme Gude (1880–1966), a daughter of jurist Ove Høegh Gude and Johanne Cathrine Kastrup Sømme. The latter was, like his uncle Gerhard's wife Maren, a daughter of Jacob Jørgen Kastrup Sømme and sister of painter Jacob Kielland Sømme.

## Career

Gran finished his secondary education in 1894, and then enrolled in studies. After five semesters of medicine, he started studying law, and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1902. He worked as a jurist between 1903 and 1928. In 1928 he organized the National Exhibition in his home city. He would concentrate on the promoting and marketing of tourism for the rest of his career. In 1953 he administered the inaugural Bergen International Festival.
Bøgh was also a prolific theatre critic in a number of newspapers, as well as a subeditor in Bergens Tidende for some years. He had published the historical book Teater i Bergen gjennem 100 år. Spedte bidrag til norsk teaterhistorie already in 1915. According to the encyclopedia Norsk biografisk leksikon, his cultural work "left deep traces in the local community". He held several board memberships in public and private bodies, and also served as a deputy member of Bergen city council.
He was a Knight of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog, the Swedish Order of Vasa and the Finnish Order of the White Rose. He died in 1955 in Bergen.
# Melieria clara

Melieria clara is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Melieria of the family Ulidiidae.
# Melanie Winiger

Melanie Ann Winiger (born 22 January 1979) is a Swiss-Canadian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Switzerland 1996.

## Early life and education

Winiger was born 22 January 1979 in Zürich, Switzerland to Carol Winiger (née Latimer; born 1949) and Philipp Marcus Winiger (born 1952), a former drummer and model, who would later turn into a jewelry business owner. Her father is Swiss and her mother is Canadian of partial Indian descent.
In her early childhood her parents moved to Losone in Ticino where she was primarily raised and attended schools. She dropped out of high school to pursue her modeling career. Winiger later studied acting for two years at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in Los Angeles.

## Modelling career

She won Miss Switzerland in 1996 and represented her country at Miss World 1996 in Bangalore, India and at Miss Universe 1997 in Miami, Florida, not placing in either pageant. Winiger worked as a model in Cape Town, New York, Milan, and Munich in the late 1990s. Around the same time, she gained fame in Switzerland as a TV host and endorser of the Italian boutique chain Oviesse.

## Acting

In 2003, she starred in the Swiss movie Achtung, fertig, Charlie!
She subsequently moved to Los Angeles, where she attended the West Hollywood branch of the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute until 2005.
Since then, she has starred in both American and Swiss film and TV productions, including Sonjas Rückkehr, Love Made Easy, Breakout, and Heldin der Lüfte.
In 2008, she starred in a TV commercial for Moschino, which was aired in several European countries.

## Filmography
### Film theatre releases

* 2003 – Ready, Steady, Charlie! (Achtung, fertig, Charlie!), Swiss Army comedy (Swiss-German)
* 2006 – Love Made Easy, Road movie (English)
* 2007 – Breakout, Youth drama (Swiss-German)
* 2011 - One Way Trip 3D
* 2011 - Resturlaub [de]
* 2013 - Who Killed Johnny, Comedy (Swiss-German, English, German)
* 2017 - Lommbock

### TV Films

* 2006 – Sonjas Rückkehr Social drama (Swiss-German)
* 2008 – Heldin der Lüfte, featuring REGA air rescue (Swiss-German)
* 2010 - Sonntagsvierer
* 2016 - Spuren der Rache

## Awards

* 2013 – Hoboken International Film Festival: Best actress, nomination for Who Killed Johnny

## Presenter

On 28 August 2008, she hosted the draw for UEFA Champions League groups, which took place at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. She hosted the draw again at the same place on 26 August 2010, this time for 2010–11 Champions League and again on 25 August 2011 for the 2011-12 Champions League. Winiger was the host for the opening ceremony at the 61st FIFA Congress.
Again on 27 August 2015 hosted the draw for the group stage of the UEFA Champions League 2015-16 which took place at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. On 8 July 2017, she hosted the World Boxing Super Series draw.
# Christian Lomsdalen

Christian Lomsdalen (born 14 May 1985) is the president of the Norwegian Humanist Association, elected in 2021.

## Career

He earned a master's degree in peace and conflict transformation at the University of Tromsø in 2012 and a master's degree in the history of religion at the University of Bergen in 2019. He is a research fellow at same university. He started the podcast Lektor Lomsdalens innfall in 2016.

## Norwegian Humanist Association

In 2021 he was elected president of the Norwegian Humanist Association, after having served as its vice president from 2019 to 2021.
# Christian Loamanu

Christian Loamanu (born 13 May 1986 in Tatakamotonga, Tonga) is a Tongan-born Japanese rugby union player who plays at wing but can also play centre and fullback.
Loamanu's grandfather Tevita Sitanilei played scrum half for the Tongan national rugby union team, whilst his brother Sitani has played for the Tongan national rugby league team. Loamanu left his native Tonga at the age of 15 to move to Japan on a scholarship. He made his debut for the Japan national rugby union team against Uruguay in April 2005 aged 18 years and 338 days old and became the youngest player of all time to play for Japan (a record since broken by Yoshikazu Fujita). A few days after his second cap against Hong Kong, Loamanu was banned for a year from the Japan team after getting embroiled in a fight involving female professional wrestler Mika Akino in Tokyo's Roppongi nightspot district.
He was recalled in 2007 and scored a hat trick on his return to the side against Korea and he played at the Rugby World Cup later that year.
He joined Toshiba Brave Lupus in 2008 and won the Top League with them, but in February 2009 Loamanu tested positive for marijuana and was banned for life from playing rugby in Japan by the JRFU whilst his club Toshiba Brave Lupus withdrew from the All Japan Championship after the incident. In 2011 Japan coach John Kirwan appealed for the ban to be withdrawn before the Rugby World Cup but the request was turned down by the JRFU who said Loamanu "was not suitable to represent Japan".
After being exiled from Japanese rugby, Loamanu moved to Toulon for the 2009/10 season and spent three seasons there. He was released in 2012, and he joined Benetton Treviso after his former coach John Kirwan suggested the move.
In May 2014, Loamanu has signed for English club Leicester Tigers where he will compete in the Aviva Premiership from the 2014–15 season. The Japanese Rugby Union decided to lift his indefinite ban in November 2014.
On 22 June 2016, Loamanu returned to France as he signed for Provence, competing in the Pro D2 from the 2016–17 season.
As of February 2019, he plays for and coaches an amateur team in Taiwan.
# Christian Wilhelm Wisbech

Christian Wilhelm Wisbech (7 October 1832 – 5 April 1897) was a Norwegian naval officer and politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Bergen as the son of Christian Wisbech (1801–1869) and his wife Alida Georgine Brunchorst (1803–1860). He married Thora Heiberg.
Wisbech was a Captain in the Royal Norwegian Navy. He was also elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1883 and 1889, representing the constituency of Jarlsberg og Larviks Amt.
He died in 1897 in Horten.
# Christie Park

Christie Park can have the following meanings:
* Christie Park (Sydney, Australia), a sports ground in the Lower North Shore, Sydney, Australia
* Christie Park, Calgary, a neighbourhood in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
* Christie Park, Huntly, a football stadium in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
* Christie Park (Morecambe), a stadium in Morecambe, Lancashire, England
# 2023 Zagreb Ladies Open – Doubles

Anastasia Dețiuc and Katarina Zavatska were the defending champions but chose not to participate.
Valentini Grammatikopoulou and Dalila Jakupović won the title, defeating Carole Monnet and Antonia Ružić in the final, 6–2, 7–5.

## Seeds

* Veronika Erjavec / Valeriya Strakhova (semifinals)
* Valentini Grammatikopoulou / Dalila Jakupović (champions)
* Naiktha Bains / Maia Lumsden (semifinals)
* Lauryn John-Baptiste / Emily Webley-Smith (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | | | 1 | V Erjavec V Strakhova | w/o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Marić A Mukić | 0 | 0 | | | J Fett I Primorac | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Fett I Primorac | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 1 | V Erjavec V Strakhova | 5 | 6$^1$ | | | | | |
| 4 | L John-Baptiste E Webley-Smith | 5 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | C Monnet A Ružić | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | | | |
| | S Rocchetti M Spigarelli | 7 | 4 | [10] | | S Rocchetti M Spigarelli | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Derniković D Mišković | 2 | 6 | [7] | | C Monnet A Ružić | w/o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Monnet A Ružić | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | C Monnet A Ružić | 2 | 5 |
| | D Hrdinková L Svatíková | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | V Grammatikopoulou D Jakupović | 6 | 7 |
| | I Haverlag R Șerban | 5 | 5 | | | D Hrdinková L Svatíková | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | 3 | N Bains M Lumsden | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 3 | N Bains M Lumsden | 4 | 6 | [5] | | | | |
| | V Borodulina N Tomeljak | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 2 | V Grammatikopoulou D Jakupović | 6 | 1 | [10] | | | | |
| | L Jurković L Šumak | 2 | 3 | | | V Borodulina N Tomeljak | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | V Grammatikopoulou D Jakupović | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
# Mehteria

Mehteria is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.
# Melville H. Long

Melville Hammond Long (October 18, 1889 – May 1969) of San Francisco, California, was an American tennis player.

## Biography

He was born on October 18, 1889, in San Francisco, California. He attended University of California, Berkeley and received a medical degree, and by 1918 was a physician and surgeon.
He won the men's singles competition at the Pacific Coast Championships (now known as the SAP Open) three times, in 1906, 1908 and 1910.
Long died in 1969.
# Melville Hall River

The Melville Hall River is a river in Dominica. It is located in the north of the island, flowing northeast from the slopes of Morne Diablotin and discharging into the Atlantic Ocean between the villages of Wesley and Marigot.
15°33′N 61°18′W﻿ / ﻿15.550°N 61.300°W﻿ / 15.550; -61.300
* This article related to a river in Dominica is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Melek Mazici

Melek Mazici (born November 25, 1956 Istanbul, Turkey) is a Finnish visual artist. She has lived and worked in Finland since 1981. Mazici has also worked in London, Stockholm, Paris, Brussels and New York.
Mazici is of Turkish descent. She studied at the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (formerly known as Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts) from 1975 to 1981, majoring in painting. From 1984 to 1989, she studied at the Finnish Academy of Fine Arts, Helsinki, where she specialized in graphic arts. Mazici further complemented her studies as a fellow at the Royal University College of Fine Arts in Stockholm from 1989 to 1990.
Mazici began her career working with graphic arts. In addition, she has expressed herself through installations and acrylic painting.
Mazicis artwork is generally inspired by organic shapes, such as flowers or landscapes. In her work, these themes often signify landscapes of mind and transparency, which offer the viewer the opportunity to mirror their own emotions. During her decades-long artistic career, Mazici's artistic style has been living and developing through different countries, landscapes and landscapes of mind.
Since the year 1980, Mazici has had regular solo exhibitions and has participated in numerous group exhibitions in Finland and abroad in Turkey, the United States, France, Japan, Germany and Ireland. Her artwork is also featured in private and public collections around the world. In Finland, her work is included in the Finnish National Gallery, the Helsinki City Art Museum and the Pori Art Museum collections. In Turkey, Mazici's work is displayed at the Galeri Nev gallery, and has also been acquired in significant private collections.
Melek Mazici is a two-time recipient (2000, 2010) of the five-year Finnish State Grant for Artists.
In 2014, Transparency, a book detailing Melek Mazici's artwork, received an award recognizing it as one of the most beautiful Finnish books.
# Melek Hu

Melek Hu, born Hou Meiling (Chinese: 侯美玲) 27 January 1989, Shenyang) is a Chinese-born Turkish table tennis player. She has played for Fenerbahçe TT since 2007 and also played for An Gang in China. She has won European championships in the mixed (2010), double (2015) and single (2016) events.

## Major achievements

* Played for Turkey 2008 Olympic Team in 2008 Olympic Games in China
* 1 time Turkish Super League Champion
* 1 time Turkish Champion
* 2009 Mediterranean Games Champion
* 1 time Balkan Games Champion
* 1 time ETTU Cup runner-up
* Bronze medal at the European Table Tennis Championships 2010
* Silver medal at the 2012 European Mixed Double Championships held in Buzau, Romania
* Qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics
* Bronze medal at the 2015 European Games in women's singles in table tennis.
* Competed for Turkey at the 2016 Olympics
* European mixed champion in 2010
* European doubles champion in 2015
* European singles champion in 2016
# Men Are Such Fools

Men are Such Fools is a 1938 American romantic comedy directed by Busby Berkeley and written by Norman Reilly Raine and Horace Jackson. The film stars Wayne Morris, Priscilla Lane, Humphrey Bogart, Hugh Herbert, Johnnie Davis, and Penny Singleton. The film was released by Warner Bros. on July 16, 1938. The movie is adapted from the novel by the same name, Men Are Such Fools, by Faith Baldwin.

## Plot

Linda Lawrence skyrockets from a stenographer's desk to a job as account executive in an advertising agency. Though more interested in a career than in marriage, she falls in love with ex-football hero Jimmy Hall after his forceful courtship. They marry after Jimmy promises that he will not ask Linda to resign her position. Linda is pursued by her boss, Harvey Bates, and by Harry Galleon, a big radio contact man who can further her career if she will be "nice" to him. Jimmy becomes jealous, and Linda steps down to become a suburban housewife just as her name is becoming famous in the advertising and radio worlds.
Deciding that Jimmy is unambitious and content in a futureless job, Linda secretly promotes a junior partnership for him in an expanding firm. He refuses the job and she walks out on him, returning to her career. Jimmy then accepts the partnership and becomes successful, crashing the newspaper chatter columns as a Broadway playboy. After waiting a year for Jimmy to get in touch with her, Linda announces a trip to Paris, ostensibly to get a divorce and marry Harry, who has converted his proposition to a proposal. This brings Jimmy on the run to stop her, which of course is what she wanted all along. Their reconciliation throws Harry into the arms of Beatrice Harris, a sardonic vamp whom he had cast aside years before.

## Cast

* Wayne Morris as Jimmie Hall
* Priscilla Lane as Linda Lawrence
* Humphrey Bogart as Harry Galleon
* Hugh Herbert as Harvey Bates
* Johnnie Davis as Tad Turkel
* Penny Singleton as Nancy
* Mona Barrie as Beatrice Harris
* Marcia Ralston as Wanda Townsend
* Gene Lockhart as Bill Dalton
* Kathleen Lockhart as Mrs. Dalton
* Donald Briggs as George Onslow
* Nedda Harrigan as Mrs. Nelson
* Eric Stanley as Mr. Nelson
* Claud Allister as Rudolf
* Renie Riano as Mrs. Pinkel (credited as Reine Riano)
* James Nolan as Bill Collyer (uncredited)
* Carole Landis as June Cooper (uncredited)
* Vivienne Osborne as Lili Arno (uncredited)
# Christopher F. Parkhurst

Christopher Francis Parkhurst (sometimes referred to as C. Frank Parkhurst; September 17, 1854 – July 1, 1925) was an associate justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court from 1905 to 1917 and chief justice from 1917 to 1920.
Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Parkhurst was a maternal descendant of Roger Williams. He graduated from Brown University in 1876.
From 1892 to 1895 he was a member of the Providence Common Council, and from 1900 to 1902 he served in the Rhode Island Senate. In April 1902, Parkhurst was appointed by the New York Supreme Court to act as ancillary receiver in bankruptcy for the Oriental Print Works Company, and in 1904, Parkhurst was designated by the Rhode Island Supreme Court to serve as master of chancery for considering claims by creditors against the American Tubing and Webbing Company.
On February 23, 1905, Parkhurst was elected by unanimous vote of the Rhode Island General Assembly to a seat on the Rhode Island Supreme Court, which had been vacated by the elevation of Justice William W. Douglas to the position of Chief Justice following the death of Pardon E. Tillinghast.
On March 9, 1917, the General Assembly elected Parkhurst Chief Justice, following the retirement of Chief Justice Clarke H. Johnson. Parkhurst resigned in 1920 due to poor health.
Parkhurst married Estelle Louise Eliot, with whom he had a son and a daughter. He died of bronchial pneumonia at his home in Providence at the age of 71.
# Christmas the Cowboy Way

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Christmas the Cowboy Way is a studio recording released by the Western band Riders in the Sky on October 5, 1999. It is available as a single CD.
This is a collection new and old Christmas songs by Riders in the Sky.

## Track listing

* Corn, Water and Wood
* Let It Snow/The Last Christmas Medley You'll Ever Need to Hear
* The Christmas Yodel
* Sidemeat's Christmas Stew
* The Prairie Dog Christmas Ball
* The Friendly Beasts
* Virgin Maria
* I'll Be Home for Christmas
* An Old Fashioned Christmas Polka
* The Twelve Days of Cowboy Christmas
* Just Put a Ribbon in Your Hair
* O Come, O Come, Emmanuel

## Personnel

* Douglas B. Green (a.k.a. Ranger Doug) – vocals, guitar
* Paul Chrisman (a.k.a. Woody Paul) – vocals, fiddle
* Fred LaBour (a.k.a. Too Slim) – vocals, bass
* Joey Miskulin (a.k.a. Joey The Cowpolka King) – vocals, accordion

### Additional personnel

* Richard O'Brien, guitar
* David Hungate, guitar
* Bob Mater, drums, percussion
* Jonathan Yudkin, violin
* Jay Patten, tenor saxophone
* Bob Warren, percussion