OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chimene Suleyman

Chimene or Chimène Suleyman is a writer from London of Turkish Cypriot descent, who has written on the politics of race and immigration in media including The Guardian, The Independent, the BBC and NPR, and co-edited The Good Immigrant USA in 2019.

## Personal life

Suleyman was born in London. Her father's family are from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. She has written about her grandfather's death in 1964, when he was tortured and killed by Greek soldiers in Cyprus, and his (Suleyman Recep) body, with a dozen others, seen in a much-reproduced photograph.

## Career

Suleyman created the monthly spoken-word event "Kid, I Wrote Back" in London, which ran from 2010 until at least 2013.
In 2014, the writer Laura Bates chose Suleyman's poetry collection Outside Looking On as one of her "best books" of the year, saying that it "presents startlingly perceptive snapshots of human experience, delving powerfully into themes that range from big-city loneliness and longing, to prejudice and love".
In 2017, Suleyman was a contributor to the crowdfunded publication The Good Immigrant, and in 2019 contributed to and co-edited its sequel, The Good Immigrant USA.
In 2021, Suleyman, Monisha Rajesh and professor Sunny Singh received racist abuse on social media as a result of raising concerns about depictions of autism and of students of colour in Kate Clanchy's book Some Kids I Taught and What They Taught Me.
In 2023, it was announced that Weidenfeld & Nicolson would publish Suleyman's memoir, The Chain, in 2024.

## Selected publications

* Suleyman, Chimene (2014). Outside Looking On. London: Influx. ISBN 9780992765552.
* Suleyman, Chimene (2017). "My Name is My Name". In Shukla, Nikesh (ed.). The Good Immigrant. London: Unbound. ISBN 9781783522965.
* Suleyman, Chimene (2019). "On Being Kim Kardashian". In Shukla, Nikesh; Suleyman, Chimene (eds.). The Good Immigrant USA: 26 writers reflect on America. London. ISBN 9780349700366.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Mindarus harringtoni

Mindarus harringtoni is an extinct species of aphid. The insect was discovered when Richard Harrington, a scientist and vice-president of the Royal Entomological Society of London, won an auction on eBay for a fossilized specimen, later to discover it was an unknown species. The fossil was bought from an individual from Lithuania. The insect itself is 3–4 millimetres (0.12–0.16 in) long and was encased in a piece of amber 40 to 50 million years ago.
The fossil was sent to Ole Heie, an aphid expert in Denmark, who confirmed the insect a new species, now extinct. The insect was named Mindarus harringtoni after Harrington, who first considered naming it Mindarus ebayi after the site he won it on.
The fossil is now housed in the Natural History Museum.
Mindarus harringtoni is thought to have fed on a tree called Pinus succinifera, which itself is long extinct.
# Antiquarian Booksellers Association of Japan

The Antiquarian Booksellers Association of Japan (ABAJ) was established in November 1964 by ten major antiquarian booksellers from Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto. Japan was experiencing an unprecedented economic growth at the time and Japanese collectors, scholars, and curators were avidly selling and purchasing rare material domestically and internationally. The ABAJ was founded with the aim of developing the Japanese antiquarian book trade to meet an increasingly global age. In 1965, the ABAJ became a member of the International League of Antiquarian Booksellers. Since then, the ABAJ has grown to include thirty members.
The ABAJ has been involved in various activities including joint bookfairs by its members, the publication of bibliographical reference works, the sponsoring of lectures on antiquarian books, the organisation of field trips to private and institutional collections, and the donation of books to centers for senior citizens. In 1973 and 1990 the ABAJ hosted two ILAB Congresses and an International Bookfair held in Tokyo.
# Ntare IV of Nkore

Ntare IV of Nkore (died 1727), sometimes referred to as Ntare IV Nyakikoto Kitabanyoro, was the Omugabe of Nkore, a historic state located in what is now Uganda, from 1699 to 1727. The term "Omugabe" is translated in various ways, but is most commonly equated to "king".
The famous Ntare School in Mbarara has been named after this Omugabe.
Regnal titles :
| Preceded byMirindi | Omugabe of Nkore 1699–1727 | Succeeded byMacwa |
# Cardozo (disambiguation)

Cardozo is a Spanish or Portuguese surname.
Cardozo may also refer to:
* U Street (Washington, D.C.) or Cardozo, a street and neighborhood in Washington, D.C.
* U Street station, a Washington Metro station formerly named "U Street-Cardozo"
* Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, New York City
# Akainothrips

Akainothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae, first described by Laurence Mound in 1971. The type species is Akainothrips citritarsus (Girault, 1828).
The 34 species of this genus are found only in Australia, in all mainland states and territories.
They live and breed in the galls created by other Phlaeothripinae species on the phyllodes of Acacia species.

## Species

* Akainothrips asketus
* Akainothrips bipictus
* Akainothrips calcica
* Akainothrips carnei
* Akainothrips ciliatus
* Akainothrips citritarsus
* Akainothrips crambus
* Akainothrips dalbyensis
* Akainothrips dubitalis
* Akainothrips exourus
* Akainothrips festus
* Akainothrips francisi
* Akainothrips galeus
* Akainothrips gremius
* Akainothrips herbae
* Akainothrips inionis
* Akainothrips ireneae
* Akainothrips iskae
* Akainothrips juliae
* Akainothrips magnetis
* Akainothrips monaro
* Akainothrips notius
* Akainothrips nyngani
* Akainothrips ochromelus
* Akainothrips papyris
* Akainothrips peronatus
* Akainothrips polysetulus
* Akainothrips quintarius
* Akainothrips roxbyi
* Akainothrips shirleyi
* Akainothrips tathrae
* Akainothrips tessarus
* Akainothrips tosofagi
* Akainothrips uncus
# Antigonos (son of Callas)

Antigonos of Callas (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίγονος Κάλλα) was an ancient Macedonian hetairos from Amphipolis, known through an inscription with a Homeric-style epigram of about 300-275 BC, where he commemorates his win in Hoplitodromos (a race in full armour) at Heraclean games after the Conquest of Tyre in 332 BC. Alexander had dreamt that Heracles invited him into Tyre. Aristander the seer interpreted this to mean that the city will be captured, but with Herculean effort. Afterwards, Alexander offered sacrifice to Heracles, and celebrated both a gymnastic and musical contest there (Arrian 3,6,1).
   When Alexander threw down with spear the Tyrian island
   he honoured Herakles with games and prizes.
   Antigonos son of Kallas,there,first of hetairoi,
   was crowned with double garlands in hoplite race
   henika Alexandros Tyrian dori neson ereipsas
   Heraklea timais euxen aethlophorois
   Antigonos Kalla dissous tothi, protos hetairon
   hoplitou stadiou t' amphetheto stephanous
# Donnersbergkreis

The Donnersbergkreis is a district (Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Bad Kreuznach, Alzey-Worms, Bad Dürkheim, Kaiserslautern, Kusel.

## History

The district was created in 1969 by merging the districts Kirchheimbolanden and Rockenhausen.

## Geography

The district is located around the highest mountain of the Palatinate, the Donnersberg with 687 m above sea level.

## Coat of arms

Both of the districts merged into the Donnersbergkreis had a wheel in their coat of arms, which are now also shown in the coat of arms of the new district. On the left is the red wheel of the Lords of Bolanden, taken from the Kirchheim coat of arms. The blue wheel on the right is the wheel of the Lords of Falkenstein, taken from the Rockenhausen coat of arms. The green field on the bottom with the peak symbolizes the Donnersberg, the highest elevation in the district, and the sun the importance of the sunny plains for viticulture.

## Towns and municipalities

Verbandsgemeinden :
| 1. Eisenberg Eisenberg$^{1,2}$ Kerzenheim Ramsen 2. Göllheim Albisheim Biedesheim Bubenheim Dreisen Einselthum Göllheim$^1$ Immesheim Lautersheim Ottersheim Rüssingen Standenbühl Weitersweiler Zellertal | 3. Kirchheimbolanden Bennhausen Bischheim Bolanden Dannenfels Gauersheim Ilbesheim Jakobsweiler Kirchheimbolanden$^{1,2}$ Kriegsfeld Marnheim Mörsfeld Morschheim Oberwiesen Orbis Rittersheim Stetten | 4. Nordpfälzer Land Alsenz Bayerfeld-Steckweiler Bisterschied Dielkirchen Dörrmoschel Finkenbach-Gersweiler Gaugrehweiler Gehrweiler Gerbach Gundersweiler Imsweiler Kalkofen Katzenbach Mannweiler-Cölln Münsterappel Niederhausen an der Appel Niedermoschel Oberhausen an der Appel | Obermoschel$^2$ Oberndorf Ransweiler Rathskirchen Reichsthal Rockenhausen$^{1,2}$ Ruppertsecken Sankt Alban Schiersfeld Schönborn Seelen Sitters Stahlberg Teschenmoschel Unkenbach Waldgrehweiler Winterborn Würzweiler | 5. Winnweiler Börrstadt Breunigweiler Falkenstein Gonbach Höringen Imsbach Lohnsfeld Münchweiler an der Alsenz Schweisweiler Sippersfeld Steinbach am Donnersberg Wartenberg-Rohrbach Winnweiler$^1$ |
| $^1$seat of the Verbandsgemeinde; $^2$town |||||
# Donor (semiconductors)

In semiconductor physics, a donor is a dopant atom that, when added to a semiconductor, can form a n-type region.
For example, when silicon (Si), having four valence electrons, is to be doped as a n-type semiconductor, elements from group V like phosphorus (P) or arsenic (As) can be used because they have five valence electrons. A dopant with five valence electrons is also called a pentavalent impurity. Other pentavalent dopants are antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi).
When substituting a Si atom in the crystal lattice, four of the valence electrons of phosphorus form covalent bonds with the neighbouring Si atoms but the fifth one remains weakly bonded. If that electron is liberated, the initially electro-neutral donor becomes positively charged (ionised). At room temperature, the liberated electron can move around the Si crystal and carry a current, thus acting as a charge carrier.
# Doon International School

Doon International School may refer to:
* Doon International School (Bhubaneswar), Odisha, India
* Doon International School, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
* Doon International School, Kalinganagar, Odisha, India
* Doon International School, Amritsar, a school in Punjab, India
* Doon International school, Gurdaspur, a school in Punjab, India
# Dora Musielak

Dora Elia Musielak is an aerospace engineer, historian of mathematics, and book author. She is an expert on high-speed airbreathing jet engines, and an adjunct professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington.

## Education and career

Musielak earned a bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering from the Instituto Politécnico Nacional in Mexico in 1978, the first woman to earn a degree in this field there. She continued with a master's degree at the University of Tennessee in 1980, and a Ph.D. at the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1994.
Her employers have included Northrop Grumman, MSE Technology Applications, and ATK Allied Techsystems. She chaired the High Speed Air Breathing Propulsion Technical Committee of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics from 2014 to 2016.

## Books

Musielak's 2004 self-published historical novel Sophie's Diary: A Mathematical Novel, based on the life of mathematician Sophie Germain, was republished in a second edition in 2012 by the Mathematical Association of America. Musielak also wrote a biography of Germain, Prime Mystery: The Life and Mathematics of Sophie Germain (2015), also republished in an expanded second edition as Sophie Germain: Revolutionary Mathematician by Springer in 2020.
Her other books include Kuxan Suum: Path to the Center of the Universe (2010) and Euler Celestial Analysis: Introduction to Spacecraft Orbit Mechanics (2018). These remain self-published, through AuthorHouse.
# Dora Nelson (1939 film)

Dora Nelson is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Soldati and starring Assia Noris, Carlo Ninchi and Luigi Cimara. It is a remake of the 1935 French film of the same title, which was based on a play by Louis Verneuil. The film was shot at Cinecittà in Rome, with several real employees of the studio appearing as themselves. It belongs to the movies of the calligrafismo style.

## Synopsis

A headstrong diva abandons the set of her latest film, and heads of to Cannes. A working class girl who strongly resembles the star takes her place so that the film can be finished.

## Partial cast

* Assia Noris as Dora Nelson / Pierina Costa
* Carlo Ninchi as Giovanni Ferrari
* Luigi Cimara as Alberto, il primo marito
* Nino Crisman as Il falso principe
* Carlo Campanini as Emilio, l'ottico
* Miretta Mauri as Renata
* Federico Collino as Blasco, il segretario
* Olinto Cristina as Il signor Gabardo
* Evelina Paoli as La signora Gabardo
* Adele Mosso as La zia anziana di Gabardo
* Massimo Girotti as Enrico
# Nigel Morritt Wace

Nigel Morritt Wace (10 January 1929 India – 4 February 2005 Canberra, Australia) was an authority on the plant life of the four Tristan da Cunha Islands, islands he first visited in 1955 when he visited Gough Island. He was educated at Brambletye School, then Sheikh Bagh Preparatory School in Kashmir, then school in Cheltenham, followed by a period as a commissioned officer in the Royal Marines from where he was invalided out in 1947, progressing to Brasenose College, Oxford.
At Brasenose Wace read Agricultural Economics, switching to Botany. His later work on Tristan da Cunha led to his PhD thesis on the vegetation of Gough Island, received from Queen's University, Belfast.
Wace's periods in Tristan da Cunha started with his membership as botanist of the Gough Island Scientific Survey from 1955–56.
In Australia Wace made a substantial contribution to knowledge of the Australian flora, both in settled parts and in the outback.
Wace married Margaret White with whom he had a son and two daughters. Wace's family claims descent from Wace, the 12th-century Jerseyman and chronicler of the House of Normandy.
He was employed by the Geography department of the University of Adelaide, moving later to the Australian National University at Canberra where he was initially a lecturer subsequently head of the university's department of Biogeography and Geomorphology.

## Publications

* Wace, Nigel Morritt (1973). Yankee maritime activities and the early history of Australia (Research School of Pacific Studies. Aids to research series, no. A/2). Australian National University, Research School of Pacific Studies. ISBN 978-0708108215.
* Wace, Nigel Morritt. Man and nature in the Tristan de Cunha Islands (IUCN monograph). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. ASIN B0006EBPH2.
* Wace, Nigel Morritt (1965). Future of the Tristan da Cunha Islands (Nature). Fisher, Knight & Co. ASIN B0007KARTW.
# Nick Newman (naval architect)

John Nicholas "Nick" Newman (born 10 March 1935) is an American naval architect noted for his contributions to marine hydrodynamics. Together with David Evans, he initiated the International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies. He is also known for his contribution in the development of the wave–structure interaction code WAMIT. He is currently emeritus professor of Naval Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Education and career

Newman's degrees (S.B. 1956, S.M. 1957, and Sc.D. 1960) are all from MIT, and were all taken in the field of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. From 1959 to 1967 he worked as a research naval architect at David Taylor Model Basin. In 1967 he moved back to MIT and held a long academic career there.
He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 1992, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim awarded him an honorary doctorate.
In 2008, a symposium was organized in his honor at the 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.

## Personal

Newman is married to Kathleen Smedley Kirk. They have three children.

## Books

* John Nicholas Newman (1977). Marine hydrodynamics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-14026-8.

## Selected publications

* Newman, J. N. (1962). "The exciting forces on fixed bodies in waves". Journal of Ship Research. 6 (4): 10–17. doi:10.5957/jsr.1962.6.4.10.
* Newman, J. N. (1965). "The exciting forces on moving bodies in waves". Journal of Ship Research. 9 (3): 190–199. doi:10.5957/jsr.1965.9.4.190.
* Newman, J. N. (1974). "Second order, slowly varying forces on vessels in irregular waves". Proc. Intl. Symp. On Dynamics of Marine Vehicles and Offshore Structures in Waves.
* Newman, J. N. (1985). "Algorithms for the free-surface Green function". Journal of Engineering Mathematics. 19 (1): 56–67. Bibcode:1985JEnMa..19...57N. doi:10.1007/BF00055041. S2CID 121920975.
* Newman, J. N. (1986). "Distributions of sources and normal dipoles over a quadrilateral panel". Journal of Engineering Mathematics. 20 (2): 113–126. Bibcode:1986JEnMa..20..113N. doi:10.1007/BF00042771. S2CID 122267445.
# Dorcadion brauni

Dorcadion brauni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1979.
# Arllechwedd

Arllechwedd was an ancient Welsh cantref in north-west Wales. It was part of the kingdom of Gwynedd for much of its history until it was included in the new county of Caernarfonshire, together with Arfon and Llŷn under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284.
In the Middle Ages the Cantref Arllechwedd was one of the core territories of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and formed the entire west bank of the River Conwy. Within this cantref were found some of the most important civil, religious and military centres of that kingdom, including the palace of Abergwyngregyn, Dolwyddelan Castle and Aberconwy Abbey. Within Arllechwedd there were three divisions or cymydau, which were:
* Arllechwedd Uchaf (Upper Arllechwedd, bordering the sea to the north and the cantref of Arfon to the west)
* Arllechwedd Isaf (Lower Arllechwedd, also in the north of the cantref but on the river Conwy to the east)
* Nant Conwy (Conwy Mountain, the southern portion and greatest area of the cantref, west of the Conwy from Dolgarrog to its source)
Arllechwedd remains an ecclesiastical unit of the Church in Wales to this day. Most of the territory is now in Conwy County Borough and the western part lies in Gwynedd.
# Mel Krajden

Mel Krajden OBC is a Canadian physician who is a professor of pathology and ;aboratory medicine at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia. He is the medical director of the BCCDC Public Health Laboratory. Krajden obtained his BSc, MD, and FRCPC (Internal Medicine) at McGill University, followed by a fellowship in Infectious Diseases at Stanford University. He is also the medical director of the Public Health Laboratory at the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. His research focuses on the prevention and care of hepatitis, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Krajden played a key leadership role in Canada's public health response. Under his direction, the BC Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory, developed an accredited COVID-19 test within 10 days of the SARS-CoV-2 genome being released. He was a leading member of the national government's COVID-19 Immunity Task Force. He led many COVID-19 research projects including:
* RESPOND in February 2020 to sequence the SARS-COV-2 genome from Genome British Columbia, part of Genome Canada,
* R2ESPOND, a Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded project to research to link between genomic and heath outcomes for COVID-19 infections
* EXPands, a project to address the world-wide reagent shortage at the beginning of the pandemic critical for patient testing to create reagents that could be validated in a College of American Pathologists accredited laboratory, and produced in scale meet the growing testing needs in British Columbia,
* a project to link transmission metadata to viral genotype and serological responses of COVID-19,
* SAfER a return-to-work study that tracked and collected data over time on infection, immunity, contacts, and clinical symptoms for 1,500 volunteer employees at BC based biotechnology companies,
Krajden was also a collaborator on many COVID-19 research projects, including: COVID-19 Germline Analysis, Immunological research on antibody and cell-mediated responses, examining the biological properties of Variants of Concern and well therapeutics work, the role ACEII plays, and, the infection rate of COVID-19 in children and youths.
Krajden serves on Health Canada's Expert Advisory Committee on Blood Regulation and Expert Advisory Committee on Cells, Tissues, and Organs. His role on these is because of his "expertise in medical microbiology, immunology, internal medicine and infectious diseases". Krajden is also the Treasurer of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada.
In addition to more than 400 publications in peer-reviewed journals, Krajden has been quoted in the lay press on subjects such as human metapneumovirus, and SARS.
Krajden was appointed as a member of the Order of British Columbia in 2020.
# Dominance (ecology)

Ecological dominance is the degree to which one or several species have a major influence controlling the other species in their ecological community (because of their large size, population, productivity, or related factors) or make up more of the biomass. Both the composition and abundance of species within an ecosystem can be affected by the dominant species present.
In most of the world's ecosystems, biologists have repeatedly observed a rank-abundance curve in which ecosystems comprise a handful of incredibly abundant species, but more numerous, rarer species that are few in number. Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær described this phenomenon as his "law of frequency" in 1918, in which he recognized that in communities with a single species accounting for most of the biomass, species diversity was often lower.
Understandably, biologists expect to see more profound effects from those species greater in number. First formalized as the mass ratio hypothesis in a 1998 paper by English ecologist J. Philip Grime, ecologically dominant species are predicted to have overwhelming effects on ecosystem function and ecological processes due to their relatively high biomass and ubiquity.
Most ecological communities are defined by their dominant species.
* In many examples of wet woodland in western Europe, the dominant tree is alder (Alnus glutinosa).
* In tallgrass prairies of Northeastern Kansas, the dominant grass is (Andropogon gerardii).
* In temperate bogs, the dominant vegetation is usually species of Sphagnum moss.
* Tidal swamps in the tropics are usually dominated by species of mangrove (Rhizophoraceae).
* Some Arctic sea floor communities are dominated by brittle stars.
* Exposed rocky shorelines are dominated by sessile organisms such as barnacles and limpets.
* The turtle ant (Cephalotes pusillus), is thought to dominant arboreal ant communities in the Brazilian savannah.
There are currently several different metrics for assessing species dominance in natural ecosystems, including the importance value index, competitive index, community importance index, and dominance index.