OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maqam Sheikh al-Qatrawani

The Maqam Sheikh al-Qatrawani (Arabic: مقام الشيخ القطرواني) is an Islamic shrine, located on the Dahrat Hamoud hill about 1.5 km south-west of Atara in Palestine. The maqam was first established during the Mamluk rule over Palestine as one of a series of 16th-century watchtowers overlooking the nearby coast. It stands at 820 metres above sea level.

## History

The shrine was established in the 16th century during the Mamluk period on top of the ruins of a Byzantine monastery. The shrine was also given a renovation in the year 1999. Sherds from the Byzantine, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk eras have been found here.

## Architecture

The sanctuary is a rectangular building which is 9.8 meters in width, and 5.9 meters in length. It has two semi-spherical domes, measuring 3.8 and 3.9 meters in diameter respectively. The eastern dome is built of finely cut stones, while the western dome is built of small rough field-stones, but both kinds are of local origin. The northern wall is 85 centimeters thick and is constructed of small stones, mortar and rubble. The eastern room of the sanctuary contains a mihrab with the typical orientation to Mecca, as required in Islamic doctrine.
The cistern, currently blocked, is in front of the shrine and most likely collected rainwater in the past for the sanctuary. It possibly also drew water from the nearby spring of Wadi as-Saqi, located two kilometers south of the site. To the west of the shrine is a winepress cut through stone. Its basin is 1.8 metres deep and is coated with a layer of white plaster. A stone-cut cave is located in front of the shrine, but was blocked in 1984 by the residents of 'Atara for safety reasons. The tomb of Sheikh Ahmad al-Qatrawani, the building's namesake, is located west of the shrine's courtyard and has been plundered several times.

## Local legends

According to local legend, Sheikh Ahmad al-Qatrawani was a holy man from the town of Qatra, but left after his hometown after he could not continue his religious duties there. A group of villages saw him laying at Bir Zeit. When asked of his origins, the Sheikh said that he was from Qatra and that angels brought him to the site where he would die. The residents of Atara, as well as nearby Ajjul and Silwad provided him with food and protection for four years and when they found him dead, they buried him just west of the sanctuary. Another popular tale claims that when al-Qatrawani died, his dead body descended onto the hilltop where his sanctuary stands.

## Christian tradition

Many Palestinian Christians argue, however, that the site was dedicated to Saint Catherine, suggesting the etymological origin of "Qatrawani" to be from "Catherine". Hamdan Taha also points out similarities between the Muslim tradition of al-Qatrawani descending to his burial place at the time of his death to the Christian tradition of Saint Catherine descending to Mount Sinai at the time of her death.
# Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia

Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, 427 U.S. 307 (1976), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held a Massachusetts law setting a mandatory retirement age of 50 for police officers was Constitutionally permissible.

## Facts

Robert Murgia was forcibly retired from his career as a Massachusetts police officer, based on that state's Gen. Laws Ann. c. 32, § 26 (3) (a), mandating retirement by the age of 50. Murgia brought suit against the state arguing that the law violated the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit eventually concluded that the law lacked a rational basis in furthering state interests, and held the statute unconstitutional. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court.

## Judgment

In a per curiam opinion, the court held that rational basis was the appropriate standard for this question of equal protection, and that the age limit was rationally related to a legitimate state interest. As a result, the court held § 26 (3) (a) to be constitutional.
Justice Thurgood Marshall penned the lone dissent in the case, arguing that the Court's "two-tier" model of equal protection scrutiny was inappropriate and that this case should be judged under an intermediate level of scrutiny, although that term "intermediate scrutiny" was not used in the dissent. He said the following.
   Today the Court holds that it is permissible for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to declare that members of its state police force who have been proved medically fit for service are nonetheless legislatively unfit to be policemen and must be terminated involuntarily "retired" because they have reached the age of 50. Although we have called the right to work "of the very essence of the personal freedom and opportunity that it was the purpose of the (Fourteenth) Amendment to secure," Truax v. Raich, 239 U.S. 33, 41, 36 S.Ct. 7, 10, 60 L.Ed. 131 (1915), the Court finds that the right to work is not a fundamental right. And, while agreeing that "the treatment of the aged in this Nation has not been wholly free of discrimination," Ante, at 313, the Court holds that the elderly are not a suspect class. Accordingly, the Court undertakes the scrutiny mandated by the bottom tier of its two-tier equal protection framework, finds the challenged legislation not to be "wholly unrelated" to its objective, and holds, therefore, that it survives equal protection attack. I respectfully dissent.
# Bengai

Bengai is a village in the Goghat II CD block in the Arambagh subdivision of the Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Location

Bengai is located at 22°56′45″N 87°41′19″E﻿ / ﻿22.94595°N 87.6885°E﻿ / 22.94595; 87.6885.

### Area overview

The Arambagh subdivision, presented in the map alongside, is divided into two physiographic parts – the Dwarakeswar River being the dividing line. The western part is upland and rocky – it is extension of the terrain of neighbouring Bankura district. The eastern part is flat alluvial plain area. The railways, the roads and flood-control measures have had an impact on the area. The area is overwhelmingly rural with 94.77% of the population living in rural areas and 5.23% living in urban areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bengai had a total population of 4,674 of which 2,374 (51%) were males and 2,300 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 468. The total number of literate persons in Bengai was 3,312 (78.74% of the population over 6 years).

## Education

* Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, a general degree college, was established at Bengai in 1959.
* Bengai Girls' High School
* Subhasnagar ITI
* Sarat Vidyapith
* Rabindra Shiksha Niketan
* Swami Vivekananda Institute of Education
* Vivekananda Institute of Education
# Perry Rubenstein

Perry Rubenstein (January 15, 1954 - July 21, 2022) was an American gallerist.
In 2016, he was charged with embezzlement related to the sale of artworks. In 2017, he pled no contest to the charges of embezzlement and agreed to pay restitution. He was sentenced to six months in prison.
# 2020 Maldives FA Cup

The 2020 Maldives FA Cup was the 30th edition of the Maldives FA Cup, the top-tier knockout football tournament in Maldives organized by the Football Association of Maldives. The tournament returns after two years of absence. A total of eight teams compete in the tournament.
All times local, MVT (UTC+5).

## Semi-finals

All football activities in Maldives were suspended indefinitely by the Football Association of Maldives due to COVID-19. Later it was decided the tournament would be cancelled and declared null and void.
# Regular semi-algebraic system

In computer algebra, a regular semi-algebraic system is a particular kind of triangular system of multivariate polynomials over a real closed field.

## Introduction

Regular chains and triangular decompositions are fundamental and well-developed tools for describing the complex solutions of polynomial systems. The notion of a regular semi-algebraic system is an adaptation of the concept of a regular chain focusing on solutions of the real analogue: semi-algebraic systems.
Any semi-algebraic system $S$ can be decomposed into finitely many regular semi-algebraic systems $S_{1},\ldots ,S_{e}$ such that a point (with real coordinates) is a solution of $S$ if and only if it is a solution of one of the systems $S_{1},\ldots ,S_{e}$.

## Formal definition

Let $T$ be a regular chain of $\mathbf {k} [x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}]$ for some ordering of the variables $\mathbf {x} =x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}$ and a real closed field $\mathbf {k}$. Let $\mathbf {u} =u_{1},\ldots ,u_{d}$ and $\mathbf {y} =y_{1},\ldots ,y_{n-d}$ designate respectively the variables of $\mathbf {x}$ that are free and algebraic with respect to $T$. Let $P\subset \mathbf {k} [\mathbf {x} ]$ be finite such that each polynomial in $P$ is regular with respect to the saturated ideal of $T$. Define $P_{>}:=\{p>0\mid p\in P\}$. Let ${\mathcal {Q}}$ be a quantifier-free formula of $\mathbf {k} [\mathbf {x} ]$ involving only the variables of $\mathbf {u}$. We say that $R:=[{\mathcal {Q}},T,P_{>}]$ is a regular semi-algebraic system if the following three conditions hold.
* ${\mathcal {Q}}$ defines a non-empty open semi-algebraic set $S$ of $\mathbf {k} ^{d}$,
* the regular system $[T,P]$ specializes well at every point $u$ of $S$,
* at each point $u$ of $S$, the specialized system $[T(u),P(u)_{>}]$ has at least one real zero.
The zero set of $R$, denoted by $Z_{\mathbf {k} }(R)$, is defined as the set of points $(u,y)\in \mathbf {k} ^{d}\times \mathbf {k} ^{n-d}$ such that ${\mathcal {Q}}(u)$ is true and $t(u,y)=0,p(u,y)>0$, for all $t\in T$and all $p\in P$. Observe that $Z_{\mathbf {k} }(R)$ has dimension $d$ in the affine space $\mathbf {k} ^{n}$.
# Demented (disambiguation)

Demented may refer to dementia. Other uses include:
* Demented (1980 film), an American film
* Le Dernier des fous, a French film
# Camp Stoneman

Camp Stoneman was a United States Army facility located in Pittsburg, California. It served as a major troop staging area for and under the command of the San Francisco Port of Embarkation (SFPOE). The camp operated during World War II and the Korean War.
The camp opened May 28, 1942 as a staging point for units deploying to the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II. The camp was named after George Stoneman, a cavalry commander during the American Civil War and Governor of California. It was decommissioned as a military post in 1954.
The camp had a railroad track across the north side for receiving and shipping men. Late in the war the SFPOE experimented with embarking troops directly aboard a Liberty ship at the camp but that was not successful due to difficulties of large ship navigation to the camp. Next to the track, there were many buildings with loading docks, many of which were still there in 2017 along Bliss Avenue. There were seven barracks areas, each consisting of nine blocks (3 x 3) surrounding a mess hall.
In addition to being a staging area for troops in transit, the Pacific Coast Transportation Corps Officer Training School was located at the camp. The camp also housed prisoners of war with the Italian Service Unit of the 18th Italian Quartermaster Service Company, which was based at the camp.

## Units staged at Camp Stoneman

* 13th Troop Carrier Squadron, October 10 to November 1, 1942
* 2nd Infantry Division
* 172nd Infantry Regiment
* 4th Engineer Special Brigade
* 5th Cavalry Regiment World War II combat survivors of Company B, 124th Infantry Regiment, 31st Infantry Division, at Camp Stoneman in December 1945.
* 7th Cavalry Regiment
* 841st Engineer Aviation Battalion, September 12–25, 1943, departing for San Francisco and then to Sydney, Australia, September 26, 1943,.
* 86th Infantry Division deployed from Camp Gruber, OK, staged at Camp Stoneman 14–21 August 1945 then departed SFPOE to the Philippines
* 805th Engineer Aviation Battalion
* 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiment
345th Bombardment Group (Air Apaches)
* 380 Bomb Group (5th Air Force), April 1943.
First Special Service Force, August 30 to September 4, 1943
# Postage stamps and postal history of Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika

Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika (KUT) is the name on British postage stamps made for use in the British colonies of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika. The stamps were circulated between 1935 and 1963 by the joint postal service of the three colonies, the East African Posts and Telecommunications Administration, reconstituted as part of the East African High Commission from 1948 to 1961, the East African Common Services Organization from 1961 to 1967, and the East African Community from 1967 to 1977. Even after independence, the new separate nations continued to use the KUT stamps, and they remained valid for postage until 1977.

## First K.U.T. stamps

The first stamps marked Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika were issued in 1935, in the form of common design commemoratives for the Silver Jubilee of King George V as well as a definitive series featuring a profile of the king and local scenes. They replaced stamps marked "East Africa and Uganda Protectorates" and "Kenya and Uganda". The definitives included a dramatic departure from the usual engraved stamps of the period; the 10c and £1 stamp were typographed and had a silhouette of a lion, with color combinations of black/yellow and black/red, respectively.

## George VI

The same designs were reissued in 1938 with a profile of George VI. Wartime exigencies forced the use of surcharges on four South African stamps in 1941 and 1942, but after the war the usual common types (Peace Issue, Silver Wedding Issue, etc.) resumed.

## Queen Elizabeth II

A definitive series, with new designs, was issued in 1954 for Queen Elizabeth, and in 1958 a pair of commemoratives marked the 100th anniversary of the discovery (from a European perspective) of the Great Lakes of Africa by Burton and Speke.
A new definitive series in 1960 used simpler and more symbolic designs, and was followed in 1963 by three sets of commemoratives. At this point postal service was taken over by the East African Common Services Organization, which issued commemoratives for the 1964 Summer Olympics inscribed "Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar", even though they were never actually used in Zanzibar. After Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar to form Tanzania, subsequent stamps were inscribed "Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania", with the three names being listed in randomly varying orders.
These stamps were issued in parallel with stamps from each of the newly independent nations. The Common Services Organization continued to issue various commemoratives, at the rate of about 10-12 per year, until early in 1976.
# The Electrician (song)

"The Electrician" is a song written by American singer-songwriter Scott Walker. The song was first recorded and released by Walker's pop group The Walker Brothers as their fourteenth UK single and last official release while the group were still active in 1978. The single did not chart. The song describes the work of a CIA torturer.
Midge Ure is said to have been influenced by "The Electrician" when composing "Vienna" for Ultravox.
"The Electrician" was featured as the opening track for the 2008 crime film Bronson directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. In 2019, the song was featured in Episode 4 of On Becoming a God in Central Florida, Season 1.
The song was covered by Laurie Anderson for the Scott Walker tribute album Scott Walker: 30 Century Man in 2009.

## Personnel
### "The Electrician"

* John Walker and Scott Walker – Vocals
* Frank Gibson – Drums
* Dill Katz – Bass
* Morris Pert – Percussion
* Jim Sullivan – Guitar

### "Den Haague"

* Gary Walker – Vocals
* Scott Walker and Dave MacRae – Keyboards
* Peter Van Hooke – Drums
* Mo Foster and Scott Walker – Bass
* Gary Walker – Percussion
* Dennis Weinreich – Background Vocals

### Technical and visual

* The Walker Brothers – Arrangements
* Dave MacRae – Orchestrations and Conductor
* Scott Walker and Dave MacRae – Producer
* Dennis Weinreich – Recording
* Scott Walker, Dave MacRae and Dennis Weinreich – Mixing
* Hipgnosis and The Walker Brothers – Sleeve Design
# Canotia holacantha

Canotia holacantha, also known as crucifixion thorn or simply canotia, is a flowering shrub / small tree in the family Celastraceae.

## Distribution

The plant is native to the higher elevation deserts of the Southwestern United States in Arizona and southeastern California, and of Northwest Mexico in isolated locales in Baja California and Sonora).
Canotia grows in desert scrub environments, primarily on slopes or in washes. It is found in the higher Sonoran Desert across central Arizona, reaching to the Mojave Desert of California and northwest Arizona, and into the lower reaches of the Grand Canyon.

### Prehistory

The prehistoric distribution of Canotia holacantha has been analyzed with pollen records in certain locations. One of the most detailed studies has been conducted in the Waterman Mountains of Arizona, where C. holacantha has been documented to have occurred during the Late Wisconsin glacial period, along with dominant trees Juniperus osteosperma and Pinus monophylla.

## Description

Canotia holacantha reaches a height of 10–15 feet (3.0–4.6 m). However, one specimen located in the eastern Mojave Desert near Wikieup, Arizona is known to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) in height. It is usually a scrubby species, with gray-green branches tipped with sharp thorns.
This species handles photosynthesis with its twigs, rather than the short-lived leaves, like the unrelated Foothill palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) which it closely resembles. Its leaves are insignificant scales which are quickly shed and rarely seen; more easily seen are its seed pods, which are persistent clusters of reddish-brown seed capsules which hang in groups of five.

## Vernacular names

Other common names for this species include chaparro amargosa, corona-de-cristo, and rosario; all such names are in reference to its thorny twigs, which are likened to the Crown of Thorns. The name "crucifixion thorn" is also applied to several unrelated species, some of which canotia shares its range with, including Castela emoryi in the family Simaroubaceae and Koeberlinia spinosa (allthorn) in the family Koeberliniaceae.
The World War II Ailanthus-class net laying ship USS Canotia was named after this tree.
Canotia is grown in cultivation by seeds.
# Ellsworth (surname)

Ellsworth is a surname, originating in England prior to or around the 11th century A.D. in the Cambridgeshire area. The name comes from Elsworth, from the place-name (and family seat) which in turn was derived from the Old English name "Eli" and "worth", an Old English word for farm or homestead. The original spelling was Aylesworth. Many spelling variants are known to exist, including Ellesworth, Elsworth, Ellsworth, Elisworth, Ellisworth, Ellsworthy, Aylesworth, Aylsworth, etc. Ellsworth is by far the most common Americanized/"standard" spelling.

## Migration from Europe

Records show a number of emigrants to the new world in the 17th century such as:
* Josiah Ellsworth, settled in New England, possibly the same as is mentioned as purchasing land in Connecticut in 1645,
* Sir John Ellsworth, arrived in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1629
* Jeremiah Ellsworth, arrived in Rowley, Massachusetts, in 1650
* Theophilus Ellsworth, arrived in New Amsterdam in 1652.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Bobby Ellsworth (Bobby "Blitz" Ellsworth), vocalist for the thrash metal band Overkill
* Brad Ellsworth, U.S. Representative from Indiana
* Charles C. Ellsworth (1824–1899), U.S. Representative from Michigan
* Dick Ellsworth, Major League baseball pitcher
* Edmund Ellsworth, (1819–1893) LDS pioneer, Captain of the First Handcart Company
* Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth, (1837-1861) friend of Abraham Lincoln often called the "first conspicuous casualty" of the American Civil War
* Harris Ellsworth, U.S. Representative from Oregon (1943–1957), chairman of U.S. Civil Service Commission (1957–1959), University of Oregon School of Journalism Hall of Achievement.
* James Ellsworth, Lincoln Ellsworth's father, noted banker who helped finance Roald Amundsen's polar 1925 North Pole expedition, coal mine owner, and benefactor of the city of Hudson, Ohio and the Western Reserve Academy
* James Ellsworth (wrestler), American wrestler
* Jason Ellsworth, American politician
* Jeri Ellsworth, computer chip designer
* Lincoln Ellsworth, American polar explorer and benefactor of the American Museum of Natural History
* Oliver Ellsworth (1745–1807), 3rd Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, Founding Father of the United States
* Richard E. Ellsworth (c. 1911 – March 18, 1953), World War II pilot and USAF commander during the early part of the Cold War
* Robert Fred Ellsworth (1926–2011), U.S. Representative from Kansas and U.S. Ambassador to NATO
* Robert H. Ellsworth (1929–2014), American dealer of Asian art.
* Stukely Ellsworth (1769–1837), New York politician
* Theodore Richards Ellsworth (1918–1986), World War II POW and author
* William W. Ellsworth (1791–1868), American attorney and politician, governor of Connecticut
It has also become a first name (e.g. Ellsworth Kelly) and a place name in the United States such as Ellsworth Air Force Base, Ellsworth, South Dakota, Ellsworth, Maine, Ellsworth, Kansas, etc.
# 2009–10 Brunei Premier League

2009 Brunei Premier League season (known as DST Group Brunei Premier League for sponsorship reasons, (Malay: DST GROUP LIGA PERDANA BRUNEI) was the sixth since its establishment in 2002. It was scheduled to begin on 25 May 2009. The season kicked off on 23 May 2009 with a Champions Cup between the defending league champions QAF FC and FA Cup holders MS ABDB.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | QAF FC | 18 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 60 | 16 | +44 | 47 | Champions |
| 2 | MS ABDB | 18 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 57 | 13 | +44 | 45 | |
| 3 | AM Gunners FC | 18 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 52 | 22 | +30 | 42 | |
| 4 | Jerudong FC | 18 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 36 | 28 | +8 | 29 | |
| 5 | Majra FC | 18 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 43 | 39 | +4 | 27 | |
| 6 | Indera FC | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 24 | 31 | −7 | 22 | |
| 7 | AH United | 18 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 29 | 58 | −29 | 16 | |
| 8 | Wijaya FC | 18 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 24 | 49 | −25 | 14 | |
| 9 | NBT FC | 18 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 19 | 54 | −35 | 9 | Relegation Playoff |
| 10 | Brunei Shell FC | 18 | 2 | 2 | 14 | 20 | 54 | −34 | 8 | Relegated |

## Promotion/relegation playoff

Apr 13, Balapan Track and Field NBT FC 1-5 KKSJ Penjara [Hj Khairol Anwar Hj Md Yaakub 55; Hj Abd Hanis Hj Abd Rahim 22, Chua Kok Meng 39, Sharum Anik 45+1, Md Abu Bakar Mahari 57, 62] NB: NBT FC relegated, Penjara promoted
# Pré-Saint-Évroult

Pré-Saint-Évroult (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
# Tympanic

Tympanic may mean:
* Tympanic nerve
* Tympanic bone
* Tympanic muscle
# Democratic Caucus Chairman

In the United States Congress, Democratic Caucus Chairman can refer to:
* The Democratic Conference Chairman of the United States Senate (who is also concurrently the party floor leader)
* The Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives
# Canthonistis amphicarpa

Canthonistis amphicarpa is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found on Java in Indonesia.
The wingspan is 13–14 mm. The forewings are ochreous yellow with two large purple-grey dorsal blotches confluent dorsally and extending from near the base to the tornus and reaching three-fourths across the wing. The hindwings are light yellowish, the dorsal half suffused light grey.