OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Piezoelectric surgery

Piezoelectric bone surgery is a process that utilizes piezoelectric vibrations in the application of cutting bone tissue. The process was patented by Fernando Bianchetti, Domenico Vercellotti, and Tomaso Vercellotti. It was first used clinically in 1988. It is indicated for use in oral, maxillofacial, cranial and spinal procedures; but is mainly used in orthodontics and craniofacial surgery.
By adjusting the ultrasonic frequency of the device, it is possible to cut hard tissue while leaving soft tissue untouched by the process. The ultrasonic frequency is modulated from 10, 30, and 60 cycles/s (Hz) to 29 kHz. The low frequency enables cutting of mineralized structures, not soft tissue. Power can be adjusted from 2.8 to 16 W, with preset power settings for various types of bone density. The tip vibrates within a range of 60–200 μm, which allows clean cutting with precise incisions. In 2020 an article on the topic of piezoelectricity have named piezoelectric surgery as one of the most important applications of this concept, in addition to medical ultrasound imaging. Additionally in 2021 the Malhotra laboratory at Penn Neurosurgery has published additional work on this procedure for rare cancers of the spinal column.
# Polysphenodon

Polysphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile with a single species Polysphenodon mulleri from the Late Triassic Keuper Group of Germany.

## History of discovery

The genus and only known species Polysphenodon mulleri was described by Otto Jaekel in 1911. Polysphenodon mulleri is known from a single partial skeleton recovered from a borehole sample at 775 metres (2,543 ft) depth, which includes parts of the skull, limbs and tail vertebrae. This specimen has been lost since the 1930s, but is known from several casts.

## Description

The skull was around 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) long in life. The snout is relatively short, even when accounting for post-mortem distortion. The limbs of Polysphenodon, particularly the tibia, are long relative to the size of the skull and are similar in proportions to some species of Homoeosaurus. This resemblance is considered to be indicative of similar locomotory requirements rather than close evolutionary relationships.

## Taxonomy

Recent studies have placed Polysphenodon as a member of Eusphenodontia. Some authors have placed Polysphenodon as part of the family Clevosauridae alongside Clevosaurus and Brachyrhinodon, though other studies have recovered Polysphenodon as unrelated to these taxa.
Cladogram following Sues and Schoch, 2023:
# Mallika jacksoni

Mallika is a monotypic genus of butterflies of the subfamily Nymphalinae in the family Nymphalidae found in central Africa from DR Congo to Kenya. The single species is Mallika jacksoni, or Jackson's leaf butterfly, which traditionally has been included in the genus Kallima. The habitat consists of dry, sparsely wooded hillsides.
The rear surface of the wings is brownish and closely resembles a dead leaf, while the upper surface is mainly blue.
# M33 (gene)

M33 is a gene. It is a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Polycomb. It localises to euchromatin within interphase nuclei, but it is enriched within the centromeric heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes. In mice, the official symbol of M33 gene styled Cbx2 and the official name chromobox 2 are maintained by the MGI. Also known as pc; MOD2. In human ortholog CBX2, synonyms CDCA6, M33, SRXY5 from orthology source HGNC. M33 was isolated by means of the structural similarity of its chromodomain. It contains a region of homology shared by Xenopus and Drosophila in the fifth exon. Polycomb genes in Drosophila mediate changes in higher-order chromatin structure to maintain the repressed state of developmentally regulated genes . It may also involved in the campomelic syndrome and neoplastic disorders linked to allele loss in this region. Disruption of the murine M33 gene, displayed posterior transformation of the sternal ribs and vertebral columns .

## Gene location

The mouse M33 gene is located on the Chromosome 11, from base pair 119,022,962 to base pair 119,031,270 (Build GRCm38/mm10). Human homolog of M33, Chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2 ) is located on Chromosome 17, from base pair 79,777,188 to base pair 79,787,650(Build GRCh38.p2).

## Protein structure

This protein contains Chromo (CHRromatin Organization MOdifier) domain and nuclear localization signal motif. The full-length M33 sequence encodes a 519 amino acid (aa) protein.

## Function and mechanism

The mouse Polycomb group (PcG) protein M33 maintains repressed states of developmentally important genes, including homeotic genes and forms nuclear complexes with other PcG members. e.g.BMI1. It also direct and/or indirect controls the vicinity of Hox genes regulatory regions, which are the accessibility of retinoic acid response elements . homeotic transformations of the axial skeleton, and growth retardation. Moreover, the deficient of M33 also possessed abnormally few nucleated cells in the thymus and spleen, due to the aberrant T-cell expansion. In transiently transfected cells, M33 acts as a transcriptional repressor . Biochemical assays indicate that two murine proteins, Ring1A and Ring1B interact directly with the repressor domain of M33 and that Ring1A can also behave as a transcriptional repressor.

## Mutation

Katoh-Fukui et al. (1998)
# Carpinus tropicalis

Carpinus tropicalis is a species of tree native to central and southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

## Description

Carpinus tropicalis is small to medium-sized tree which grows up to 30 m (98 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 100 cm (39 in) in diameter.

## Range and habitat

In Mexico it is found in scattered locations in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, southern Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre del Sur, Chiapas Highlands, and Sierra Madre de Chiapas. It is also found in the highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
It is characteristic cloud forest tree, and is also found in oak, pine–oak, and pine forests, between 1,000 and 2,700 meters elevation.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are accepted:
* Carpinus tropicalis subsp. mexicana Furlow – northeastern, central, and southwestern Mexico
* Carpinus tropicalis subsp. tropicalis – northeastern Mexico to Nicaragua
# Carpio

Carpio (Latin for "carp") may refer to:

## Places

* Becerril del Carpio, an urban village in Alar del Rey, Palencia, Castilla-Leon, Spain
* Carpio, North Dakota, a city in Ward County, North Dakota, USA
* Carpio de Azaba, a municipality in Salamanca, Spain
* Cosamaloapan de Carpio, a municipality in Veracruz, Mexico
* Diego del Carpio, a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain
* El Carpio, Valladolid, a village in Valladolid province, Spain
* El Carpio, a city in Córdoba, Spain
* El Carpio de Tajo, a village in Toledo, Spain
* Santa Cruz Venta de Carpio, an urban village in San Cristóbal Ecatepec, Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico

## Fish

* Carpiodes carpio, the river carpsucker
* Cyprinus carpio, the common carp or European carp
* Salmo carpio (carpione del Garda), a salmonid fish

## People

Carpio may refer to a holder of the title Marquess of Carpio
Carpio is a surname in the Spanish language. Notable people of this surname are:
* Alfredo Arce Carpio, Bolivian politician, legal figure, and intellectual.
* Ana Carpio, Spanish applied mathematician
* Antonio Carpio, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
* Armando Carpio Sanchez, Filipino engineer and politician.
* Bernardo Carpio, a Philippine legendary hero named after the Spanish Bernardo del Carpio.
* Bernardo del Carpio, legendary hero of medieval Spanish legend
* Cayetano Carpio, Salvadoran activist, founder of the FMLN
* Conchita Carpio-Morales, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
* Daniela Carpio, a Guatemalan-Swiss singer-songwriter, musician, visual artist, director and producer.
* Eduardo Manuitt Carpio, (born 1950) is a Venezuelan politician.
* Esteban Carpio, American murder suspect
* Félix Lope de Vega Carpio, full name of Lope de Vega, Spanish playwright, poet, and novelist
* Franco Carpio, Peruvian politician
* Javier Carpio, Spanish football (soccer) player
* Jesus Antonio Carpio
* Jorge Carpio Nicolle, assassinated Guatemalan politician (1993), unsuccessful presidential candidate (1985)
* José Carpio (born 1966), Ecuadorian football (soccer) referee
* Luis Enrique Carpio, Peruvian politician, unsuccessful vice presidential candidate (2006)
* Luzmila Carpio, Bolivian chanteuse, ambassador to France
* Mans Carpio, a Filipino lawyer who is currently the husband of current Vice President of the Philippines Sara Duterte
* Manuel Carpio, Mexican poet
* Mark Anthony Carpio, Philippine choral conductor
* Miguel Malvar y Carpio, Filipino general who served during the Philippine Revolution the Philippine–American War.
* Rafael Carpio, Mexican former sports shooter.
* Ramiro de León Carpio, President of Guatemala 1993-1996
* Roberto Carpio, former Vice President of Guatemala.
* Rita Carpio, Hong Kong pop singer of Filipino and Chinese descent
* Rustica Carpio, was a Filipino actress
* Sara Duterte-Carpio, current Vice President of the Philippines
* Teresa Carpio, Hong Kong singer and actress of Filipino and Shanghainese descent
* T. V. Carpio, American actress and singer of Filipino and Chinese descent
# Alan Fine

Alan Fine may refer to:
* Alan Fine (executive) (born 1951), American President of Marvel Entertainment
* Alan Fine (writer) (born 1953), author, executive coach, consultant, and speaker
# Alan Daniels

Alan Daniels may refer to:
* Alan Daniels (EastEnders), a fictional character
* Alan F. Daniels (born 1968), American real estate business executive
* Alan Daniels (basketball), in the 2010 NBA Development League draft
# Veronica recurva

Veronica recurva, synonym Hebe recurva, is a flowering plant of the family Plantaginaceae, which is endemic to the north-west area of Nelson on the South Island of New Zealand. It is an evergreen shrub, reaching 60 cm (24 in) in height, with gray, spear-shaped leaves that are 2–4 cm long. Flowers are white.
Veronica recurva may be a synonym of Veronica albicans. As of October 2022, Plants of the World Online treated Hebe recurva as an unplaced name, and did not list Veronica recurva.
Mature leaves curve backwards slightly, hence the specific epithet recurva.
The cultivar 'Boughton Silver' has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Hardy down to −5 °C (23 °F), it requires a sheltered spot in full sun or partial shade.
# Veronica scutellata

Veronica scutellata is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names marsh speedwell, skullcap speedwell, and grassleaf speedwell. It is native to temperate Asia, Europe, northern Africa, and northern North America in a variety of wet habitats.

## Description

It is a herbaceous (non-woody) perennial speedwell that produces a creeping stem that roots at its nodes then ascends to flower, to 60 cm (24 in) in length, using other vegetation as a scaffold. The paired leaves alternate in direction and are very narrow and pointed, stalkless, somewhat rigid, often with a yellowed or reddened hue, with obscure teeth (or none), and curling under at the edges; it initially rises with its leaves vertical to push through vegetation and later opens them sideways to anchor its position. The alternating floral spikes emerge from the stem with the base of the leaf stalks, each a sparse array of several flowers, the flowers themselves on long thin stalks. The flowers are small (3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) diam), pale lilac, pale blue or whitish, although sometimes strongly coloured, with accentuated veins, which at maturity form flat capsules 3–5 mm long, deeply divided at the top. Although typically lacking in much hair (var. scutella), some forms are densely hairy usually with a mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs, especially in drier habitats (var. villosa).
Photographic examples can be seen on iNaturalist.

## Distribution and Habitat

It is native to Europe (but rare near the Mediterranean), North Asia, Most of North America and Algeria, and is not indicated as introduced to any country.
Its habitat is marshes, shores, water banks and a wide range of other wet places, particularly acidic. In America its altitude range is 0–1800(2400) m, in Turkey it is found along the north at 0–500 m.
# Vern Gillum

Vern Gillum is an American television director.
After attending California School of Fine Arts and graduating from Art Center School in Los Angeles, He went into advertising at McCann Erickson, LA/NY. Assc. Creative Director, Director of West Coast Production, and was on the special projects creative team for Interpublic's Professional Advisory Board, New York. He later became Creative Director at Carson Roberts/Ogilvy Mather. Following his stint in advertising and prior to 1990 he established Vern Gillum & Friends Inc., where he produced and directed hundreds of commercials (among others, for McDonald's, General Foods, American Express, General Motors, Mattel) and short subjects throughout the US and around the globe, through his offices in Hollywood and New York. During this period he won gold medals in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Clios and numerous Clio nominations, the U.S Film Festival, and International Film Festivals. In 1988, Michael Mann hired him as the first West Coast commercial director to direct Miami Vice. His episodic directorial work includes a number of episodes from each of the television series Firefly, The Big Easy, The Untouchables, Angel, Profiler, Sliders, Law & Order and Pros and Cons. His work includes a number of episodes from dozens of television series, including, amongst others, ER, Prison Break, Walker, Texas Ranger, The Commish, Prey, Haunted, The Twilight Zone, JAG, Nash Bridges, Gabriel's Fire, Baywatch and Under Suspicion. From 1996 to 1997, Gillum was a supervising producer on the series The Big Easy. In 2006, Gillum turned to the creation and production of his own shows. Currently, Apache, a dramatic series and graphic novel, is in pre-production.
# Verheyen's multimammate mouse

Verheyen's multimammate mouse (Mastomys kollmannspergeri) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found in Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria, and Sudan. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, intermittent rivers, intermittent freshwater lakes, and urban areas.
# Rose in June (1810 ship)

Rose in June was a galliot built in Denmark in 1808 and taken in prize in 1810 by the British. The French navy captured and burnt her in 1813 off the coast of West Africa.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1810 | Jonghurst (or Longhurst) | Wilson & Co. | London–Senegal | LR |
On 17 June 1810 Rose in June, Longhurst, master, sailed from Portsmouth for Senegal in company with two other vessels.
Rose in June appeared on a list of vessels that imported goods into the colony of Sierra Leone between May 1812 and June 1814.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1813 | Jonghurst | Wilson & Co. | London–Senegal | LR |
The French frigates Elbe and Hortense captured and burnt Rose in June on 5 January 1813. She was on a voyage from Sierra Leone to Gorée.

## Citations

* ↑ Register of Shipping (1811), Seq.№R372.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register (LR), Supple. pages "R", Seq.№R69.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4468. 19 June 1810. hdl:2027/uc1.c2735024.
* ↑ Thorpe (1815), p.57.
* ↑ "Marine List". Lloyd's List (4758). 2 April 1813.
# Rose in Paradise

"Rose in Paradise" is a song written by Stewart Harris and Jim McBride, and recorded by American country music artist Waylon Jennings. It was released in January 1987 as the first single from the album Hangin' Tough. The song was Jennings' twelfth number one country single. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of nineteen weeks on the country chart.

## Content

The song is about a beautiful young woman named Rose, who is courted by and eventually marries a rich Georgia banker. After promising her a carefree life of luxury, the banker reveals himself to be a possessive, jealous man and keeps her locked away at their home, said to be a large, lavishly-styled mansion with a large estate. The banker is a humble, soft-spoken, milquetoast individual ... except when the conversation turns to Rose: "Every time he talks about her, you can see the fire in his eyes, He says I would walk through Hell on Sunday, to keep my Rose in Paradise."
The banker hires a gardener to tend to the estate's landscaping needs ... and to keep an eye on Rose while he (the banker) makes his frequent extended business trips. Eventually, Rose disappears under mysterious circumstances ... either they ran away together or Rose had died and disappeared without a trace, never to be seen again. Late in the song, the elderly banker retires to his estate, apparently suffering from a late-life illness and rarely leaving as he simply spends his days sitting and staring at his garden and the mansion falling into disrepair around him. The last line tells how the garden has a rose that similar to the missing wife has a beauty that cuts like a knife and keeps growing in the wintertime and keeps blooming even in the night....

## Charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |
# Veszprém Wind Farm

The Veszprém Wind Farm is an under construction wind power project in Veszprém County, Hungary. It will have 30 individual wind turbines with a nominal output of around 2 MW which will deliver up to 60 MW of power, enough to power over 40,100 homes, with a capital investment required of approximately US$225 million.
# Miramar Hotel and Investment

Miramar Hotel and Investment Company Limited (Miramar Group) (Chinese: 美麗華酒店企業有限公司) (SEHK: 71) is a group with a diversified service-oriented business portfolio comprising hotels and serviced apartments, property rental, food and beverage, and travel services in Hong Kong and mainland China. Miramar Group has been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since 1970 (HKEx Stock Code: 71) and is a member of Henderson Land Group.

## History

The group was founded in 1957 by Mr. Young Chi Wan (Chinese: 楊志雲) after taking over the Spanish Catholic Missions-owned hotel property on Nathan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1970. It was also a member of Hang Seng Index Constituent Stocks (blue-chip stocks) from 1974 to 1996. In 1993, it was acquired by Henderson Investment, a subsidiary of Henderson Land Development.
# Avedik

Avedik (in Armenian Աւետիք) is a Lebanese-Armenian publication published by the Armenian Catholic Patriarchate in Lebanon and the official organ of the Armenian Catholic Church worldwide.
Licensed as a monthly publication, the religious Armenian-Catholic publication is now published with varying frequencies (monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, annually) as a small-size periodical.
# Leptodactylus mystaceus

Leptodactylus mystaceus, also known as the common toad-frog, is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
It is found in northern South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, and heavily degraded former forest. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.
# Cresting (architecture)

Cresting, in architecture, is ornamentation attached to the ridge of a roof, cornice, coping or parapet, usually made of a metal such as iron or copper. Cresting is associated with Second Empire architecture, where such decoration stands out against the sharp lines of the mansard roof. It became popular in the late 19th century, with mass-produced sheet metal cresting patterns available by the 1890s.
Cresting is typically attached to the roof by bolts, and is often installed during construction of the roof, with sealants applied to the roof directly covering the bolts to prevent water penetration and corrosion in these areas.
# Charles Croke

Charles Croke (died 1657) was an English clergyman and Gresham Professor of Rhetoric.

## Life

He was the third son of Sir John Croke, and was admitted student of Christ Church, Oxford, on 5 January 1604. He proceeded B.A. (1608), M.A.(1611), B.D. and D.D. (1625). He was tutor of his college, and held the professorship of rhetoric at Gresham College, London, from 1613 to 1619. He was junior proctor (1613), and fellow of Eton College (1617–1621).
He became rector of Waterstock, Oxfordshire, on the presentation of his uncle, Sir George Croke, on 24 June 1616, and rector of Agmondisham, Buckinghamshire, in 1621. He took private pupils at Agmondisham, and among them were Sir William Drake, Sir Robert Croke, John Gregory, and Henry Curwen, son of Sir Patricius Curwen. Curwen died while in Croke's charge, and Croke published a memorial sermon. Later there were George Savile from 1641, and Charles Bertie who was attending the school when Croke closed it at the end of 1650.
At the end of his life Croke went to Ireland, having petitioned Oliver Cromwell for leave to bring Edward Terry (son of Edward Terry the travel writer) to Amersham in his place. He died at Carlow 10 April 1657.
# Polysphincta boops

Polysphincta boops is a species belonging to the family Ichneumonidae subfamily Pimplinae.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is present in Europe. These insects are mostly arboreal. They inhabit trees and bushes in a wide range of areas.

## Description

The adults of Polysphincta boops grow up to 8–11 millimetres (0.31–0.43 in) long, with an ovipositor of 4.3–5 millimetres (0.17–0.20 in). They are among the largest species in the Polysphincta genus-group in Europe. They are characterised by a black body, with yellow scutellum, postscutellum, mandibles and legs. Females show a very long ovipositor.

## Biology

This wasp parasitizes exclusively adults of spiders (Araniella species, mainly Araniella cucurbitina and Araniella opisthographa). When the egg deposited by the females hatches, larvae feed on the spiders' hemolymph. These insects overwinter as a small larva on their host.
# Calvin Levels

Calvin Levels (born September 30, 1954) is an American film actor. In 1984, he won a Theatre World Award and was nominated for both the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play for his portrayal of Calvin Jefferson in Open Admissions. Levels is known for his roles in the films The Atlanta Child Murders (1985), Adventures in Babysitting (1987), Johnny Suede (1991), and Hellbound (1994). For his role in The Atlanta Child Murders, Levels had to drastically change his diet and quit exercising, which he said took months to undo.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Film | Role |
| 1979 | Charleston | Jeff |
| 1980 | A Christmas Without Snow | Wendell |
| 1981 | Ragtime | Gang Member No. 3 |
| 1987 | Adventures in Babysitting | Joe Gipp |
| 1988 | The Chair | Wilma |
| 1990 | Monsters | |
| 1991 | Johnny Suede | Deke |
| 1991 | Convicts | Leroy |
| 1992 | Live! From Death Row | Kenny Nevins |
| 1991 | Roc | Junebug |
| 1992 | In the Heat of the Night | Laurence |
| 1993 | Point of No Return | Computer Instructor |
| 1994 | Hellbound | Detective Calvin Jackson |
| 1995 | The Watcher | Wiley Nemo |
| 1996 | Space: Above and Beyond | First Mate Potter |
| 1996 | Follow Me Home | Kaz |
| 1996 | Within the Rock | Banton |
| 1996 | 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag | Head of Jamal |
| 1997 | Skyscraper | Hakim |
| 2003 | Black Listed | Trouble Truman |

### Television

| Year | Show | Role |
| 1981 | Crisis at Central High | Ernest Green |
| 1985 | The Atlanta Child Murders | Wayne Williams |
| 1991 | Midnight Caller | |