OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Der Naturforscher

Der Naturforscher (transl. "The Naturalist") was a German scientific publication of the Enlightenment devoted to natural history. It was published yearly from 1774 to 1804, by J. J. Gebauers Witwe and Joh. Jac. Gebauer at Halle and edited first by Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch (from 1774 to 1778) and later by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (from 1779 to 1802). Both editors were also contributors. Most of the articles concern aspects of invertebrate zoology, mostly entomology and conchology. A few concern ornithology and other subjects, including mineralogy.
It is usually bound in fifteen volumes octavo. Indices and registers are given at ten year intervals enumerating 640 memoirs. Just over 150 plates accompany the text. Many of the illustrations are by Johann Stephan Capieux and are of a very high standard. Armin Geus provides comprehensive indices.

## Contributors

Most authors contributing to Der Naturforscher were German, but the journal also included some French authors. No natural history journal published in France existed at the time. Amongst others, some notable naturalists contributing to Der Naturforscher were:
* Johann August Ephraim Goeze
* Theodor Gottlieb von Scheven
* Josef Aloys Frölich
* Nikolaus Joseph Brahm
* Eugen Johann Christoph Esper
* Johann Kaspar Füssli
* Johann Friedrich Gmelin
* Siegmund Adrian von Rottemburg
* Jean Baptiste Louis d'Audibert de Férussac
* Johann Matthäus Bechstein
* Friedrich Christian Meuschen
* Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer
* Johann Hermann
* Franz von Paula Schrank
* Johann Dominikus Schultze
* Johann Beckmann
* Justus Christian Loder
* Charles De Geer
* Johann Christoph Meineken (1722 -1790) Mineralogy
* Christoph Gottlieb von Murr as C. G. von M

## Impact

Claus Nissen described Der Naturforscher as "the most important 18th century German periodical for the descriptive natural sciences". Its taxonomic significance is considerable in entomology and conchology. Although many of the new species described here were subsequently considered junior synonyms, others remain valid.
Some of the valid species first described in Der Naturforscher are several well-known European Lepidoptera: Lysandra bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775), Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775), Zygaena lonicerae (Scheven, 1777), Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775) and Hyles gallii (Rottemburg, 1775). Valid taxa in phylum Mollusca include Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781, Spondylus americanus Hermann, 1781, Modiolarca impacta (Hermann, 1782) and Semilimax semilimax (J. Férussac, 1802).
Although most ornithology articles are general or faunal lists, an exception exists in the first description of the wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechstein, 1793).
Some exotic taxa were also first described in Der Naturforscher, including the fish species Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781 and the Indomalayan butterfly Euploea phaenareta (Schaller, 1785).
# Der Neinsager

Der Neinsager (He Said No) – like its companion piece Der Jasager (He Said Yes) – is a 1930 Lehrstück by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht. However, unlike Der Jasager, it was never made into an opera.
# Narasimha II

* Narasimha II of Vemulavada, a 10th-century Rashtrakuta vassal king from the Chalukya dynasty of Vemulavada
* Vira Narasimha II, a 13th-century Hoysala king
* Narasimha Raya II, a 16th-century Saluva king of Vijayanagara
# Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar

Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar (N. C. Kelkar), popularly known as Sahityasamrat Tatyasaheb Kelkar (24 August 1872 – 14 October 1947), was a lawyer from Miraj as well as a dramatist, novelist, short story writer, poet, biographer, critic, historian, writer on philosophical and political themes. He was born in Chitpavan Brahmin family. He was a literary and political figure in Maharashtra, India, and also both editor and trustee of the newspaper Kesari. He served as editor twice when Tilak was imprisoned in 1897 and 1908.
He was associated with Shikshana Prasarak Mandali Pune, an education society in Pune established in 1904. He was also closely associated with Bal Gangadhar Tilak in the Indian independence movement. He had also served as the president of Marathi Granth Sangrahalaya, Thane.
After the death of Tilak in 1920, he became one of the foremost leaders of the Tilak faction in the Congress party. He was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Imperial Legislative Council in 1923 and served until 1929. He was president of Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha twice at Jabalpur in 1928 and Delhi at 1932.

## Literary accomplishments
### Play

* Sarojini (1901)
* Tohi mich ani hahi mich alias Mavardevachi jidgoli (1898)
* Chandragupta (1913)
* Totayache band (1913)
* Krishnarjuna yaddha (1915)
* Sant Bhanudas (1919)
* Pattichi nivad, Jangal main mangal (incomplete)

### Novels

* Andharved (1928)
* Navalpurcha santhanik (1934),
* Balidan (1937)
* Kokancha por (1942)
* Kavala ani Dhapi, Jagachi rit (1943)

### Short stories

* Moujeche char prahar (1931)
* Kusha vishi ani itar goshti (1950)

### Poetry

* Kavyopahar (1927)
* Padyaguchha (1936)
* Gatagoshti : Autobiographical writing (1939)
* Patravyvahar : supplementary to Gatagoshti (1941)

### Biographies

* Garibaldi : in Marathi (1902), this book ran for five editions, and the last edition was published in 1944.
* Life and times of Lokamanya Tilak (in English)
* Maza janmabharcha ek udyag, Lokamanya Tilak yanche charitra Purvardha (1923)
* Landmarks of Lokmanya’s life (in English) (1924)
* Lokamanya Tilakanche punyasmaran (1927)
* Lokamanya Tilak yanche charitra Uttarardha Vol. II (1928)
* Lokamanya Tilak yanche charitra Uttarardha Vol. III (1928)
* Ayarlandche rastravir Vol I and II with P V Gadgil (1930)

### History

* Irelandcha itihas (1909)
* Marathe va Ingraj (1918)
* Itihas vihar (1926)
* French rajyakranti (1937)

### Court cases

* Tilak trial (in English, 1908)
* Contempt of court Case (3rd edition 1924)
* Kesarivaril Khatla (1924)

### Philosophy

* Bharatiya tatvajnan : Keshavsut (1934)
* Gavaran Gita (1944)
* Sudharana, sukha va sadachar (1945)
* Jnaneshvari Sarvasva (1946)

### Political writing

* Case of Indian Home Rule (1917)
* Tirangi Navamatwad (a book on Marxism/communism)
# Nanomagnet

In magnetism, a nanomagnet is a nanoscopic scale system that presents spontaneous magnetic order (magnetization) at zero applied magnetic field (remanence).
The small size of nanomagnets prevents the formation of magnetic domains (see single domain (magnetic)). The magnetization dynamics of sufficiently small nanomagnets at low temperatures, typically single-molecule magnets, presents quantum phenomena, such as macroscopic spin tunnelling. At larger temperatures, the magnetization undergoes random thermal fluctuations (superparamagnetism) which present a limit for the use of nanomagnets for permanent information storage.
Canonical examples of nanomagnets are grains of ferromagnetic metals (iron, cobalt, and nickel) and single-molecule magnets. The vast majority of nanomagnets feature transition metal (titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt or nickel) or rare earth (Gadolinium, Europium, Erbium) magnetic atoms.
The ultimate limit in miniaturization of nanomagnets was achieved in 2016: individual Ho atoms present remanence when deposited on an atomically thin layer of MgO coating a silver film was reported by scientists from EPFL and ETH, in Switzerland. Before that, the smallest nanomagnets reported, attending to the number of magnetic atoms, were double decker phthalocyanes molecules with only one rare-earth atom. Other systems presenting remanence are nanoengineered Fe chains, deposited on Cu$_2$N/Cu(100) surfaces, showing either Neel or ferromagnetic ground states with in systems with as few as 5 Fe atoms with S=2. Canonical single-molecule magnets are the so-called Mn$_{12}$ and Fe$_8$ systems, with 12 and 8 transition metal atoms each and both with spin 10 (S = 10) ground states.
The phenomenon of zero field magnetization requires three conditions:
* A ground state with finite spin
* A magnetic anisotropy energy barrier
* Long spin relaxation time.
Conditions 1 and 2, but not 3, have been demonstrated in a number of nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanoislands, and quantum dots with a controlled number of magnetic atoms (between 1 and 10).
# Alternanthera corymbiformis

Alternanthera corymbiformis is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Alternanthera brasiliana

Alternanthera brasiliana, also known as large purple alternanthera, metal weed, bloodleaf, parrot leaf, ruby leaf, Brazilian joyweed, purple alternanthera, purple joyweed, is a flowering plant of the amaranth family that is native to the forests of South America and as well as Central America, ranging from northeastern Mexico to northeastern Argentina. It is grown as an ornamental plant.
Alternanthera brasiliana var. villosa, a variety known as little ruby or ruby leaf alternanthera, is also known by the synonym Alternanthera dentata.

## Description

It is an erect, sprawling, herbaceous plant that may grow up to 3 metres tall, though it is usually less than 1 metre as a cultivated plant. The plant's stems, which range between red, green and purple, are delicately hirsute when juvenile, though they'd become glabrescent as they get older. Its opposite leaves, which are 1–10 cm long and 0.7–5 cm wide, are usually coloured purple-specked or luminous reddish-purple. It may lose some of its leaves in winter, making it partially "deciduous" in places that have slightly cool winters.
Its vanilla-coloured, pom-pom flowers are ordered in compact clusters (7–20 mm long) in the top leaf branching and are small in shape. These clusters are rounded to slightly lengthened in shape and are foaled on stalks which are normally 3–10 cm long. It can flower any time of the year, but in temperate and cooler subtropical climates it flowers more often in winter. Its very small brown fruit (1.5–2 mm long) contains one seed that's generally hidden within the older flower parts.

## Varieties

Two varieties are accepted.
* Alternanthera brasiliana var. brasiliana – northeastern Mexico to central Brazil
* Alternanthera brasiliana var. villosa (Moq.) Kuntze - southeastern Mexico to northeastern Argentina.

## Cultivation

It is used as an ornamental plant with many cultivars, such as 'Purple Prince' and 'Little Ruby' (used for the Alternanthera brasiliana var. villosa cultivars). It is often harvested from the wild for regional use as a food and medicine, where it is used as an antiviral and anti-diarrhoea agent. It grows in full sun in moist, well drained soils, where it will multiply by self-seeding. It can also be easily propagated by cuttings.

## Range

The plant is native to Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guyanas, Nicaragua, Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, northeastern Argentina, Trinidad and Tobago, Aruba, and the Windward Islands.
Moreover, it is naturalised in the wilderness and cultivated land in west Africa, coastal districts of northern and eastern Australia, Florida, South Africa, some of the Pacific Islands, and in shaded ravine slopes and creeks in Java. Most species of joyweed, including this one, are considered as environmental weeds in Queensland, New South Wales, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia.

## Gallery

* Cultivated variety with purple leaves
* Maroon-leaved variety
* Shrub in Enchanted Floral Gardens of Kula, Maui
* Leaf closeup
* Shrub setting
* Green leaves and flower
* Flower closeup
* Ruled leaves
# Descanso, Santa Catarina

Descanso, Santa Catarina is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.
# Destabilisation

The word destabilisation (alternatively, destabilization) can be applied to a wide variety of contexts such as attempts to undermine political, military or economic power.

## Psychology

In a psychological context, it is used as a technique in brainwashing and abuse to disorient and disarm the victim.
In the context of workplace bullying, destabilisation applied to the victim may involve:
* failure to acknowledge good work and value the victim's efforts
* allocation of meaningless tasks
* removal of areas of responsibility without consultation
* repeated reminders of blunders
* setting up to fail
* shifting of goal posts without telling the victim
* persistent attempts to demoralise the victim
Destabilisation could also denote the extreme end of disinhibition syndrome and entail the complete shutdown of an individual's control of emotions, inhibitions, and productive functioning. The condition can be episodic or it could last for months or years, requiring professional care from a practitioner who is familiar with the individual's primary neurological disorder.
In psychology, there is also a process called cognitive destabilisation, which involves being open to conversions and transformations of various kinds. This could be used to counter political destabilisation by presenting a consensual view of the problem.

## Other applications

Destabilisation is also used in the feminist context such as the way it is used to change the binary opposition between men and women, particularly how it gives the category 'woman' its meaning. For instance, this is expressed in many feminists' discomfort concerning postmodern theories' challenge to traditional binary oppositions, perceiving it as a subversion of women's attempt to define their own subjecthood. The body of literature on feminism also often invoke the need to destabilise modern theory, particularly the theoretical discourses that claim neutrality but are established from a masculine perspective. These attempts to destabilise modern female constructs have been informed by Jacques Derrida's deconstruction theory, particularly the destabilisation of positions and subjects that have been deemed holistic or authoritative.
In literature, a conceptualization refers to it as an aggression or a kind of attack on the reader to provoke discomfort. In international capital transactions, it is used to denote as a capital movement driven by erroneous forecast, driving the exchange rate away from equilibrium that would be supported by rational speculators whose foresight are correct.
# Destiny of Kings

Destiny of Kings is a 1986 adventure module for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.

## Plot summary

Destiny of Kings is an adventure in which an assassin murders the King of Andevar, and his brother takes the throne. A retainer loyal to the previous king hires the player characters to rescue the missing prince, who is held captive by minions of the usurper. The characters are charged with bringing him back to claim the throne. The module contains descriptions of locations including a citadel, a castle, an abbey and an inn.
King Halfred of Dunador has died as a result of a mysterious accident. As the heir has disappeared, the evil Lord Edrin intends to seize the throne. Hollend, head of the Royal Council, tasks the player characters with finding the missing Prince. The characters must contend with Dukes and their schemes, raiders and corpses as they trace the pilgrimage the Prince took before the King was killed. They must uncover and rectify terrible deeds, and send traitors to justice.

## Publication history

N3 Destiny of Kings was published by TSR in 1986, as a 32-page booklet with an outer folder. The module was written by Stephen Bourne, with cover art by Keith Parkinson and interior art by James Roslof. The module includes a fold-out cover containing a color map of the area.
In 1998 the module was re-released for 2nd Edition AD&D.

## Reception

Graham Staplehurst reviewed Destiny of Kings for White Dwarf #80, calling it "a well-planned adventure for a medium-sized, low-level AD&D party”. He considered the adventure particularly appropriate for an inexperienced or novice party, as very experienced players "may find it a little sparse on the intrigue and cloak-and-dagger side". Staplehurst found a few bugs in the text, although he felt the module was well introduced, with useful aids such as a glossary of names and places and a plot synopsis. He felt that the random encounters were overpowered, and noted a walled town of "ludicrous design, containing a jousting field just 130' long". He concluded the review by describing the module as, "Overall, a well-thought out adventure that shouldn't be too hard to slot into an existing campaign, and would make a very good introduction for new players."

## Reviews

* Envoyer #21
# Destiny by Love

Destiny by Love is a 2013 Chinese romantic comedy television series produced by Alec Su, starring Su and Qin Lan as two unmarried people in their thirties. It is based on a popular online novel The New Leftover Woman Era (新剩女时代).
The series marks Su's production debut.

## Cast

* Alec Su
* Qin Lan
* Xiong Naijin
* Shaun Tam
# Narsai David

Narsai Michael David (June 26, 1936 – June 20, 2024) was an American chef, author, host of a radio show on food, and a winery owner in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. He was a former food writer, restaurant and market owner, and the owner of a catering company.

## Biography

Narsai Michael David was born in South Bend, Indiana to Assyrian parents Michael Khanno David and Shulamith Sayad. He was raised in Turlock, California and graduated from Turlock High School.
He attended the University of California, Berkeley, studying math and pre-med. During college he supported himself by working at Hy's Restaurant in Oakland. After college he owned a printing company for two years. In 1959, he took a job at the Potluck Restaurant in Berkeley, California, eventually becoming a partner. He remained at the Potluck Restaurant until 1972.
In 1970, he began a catering business. Among his first clients was Bill Graham, the legendary San Francisco rock impresario, for whom Narsai catered events for all major bands including The Rolling Stones. David catered the backstage meals for the many bands who appeared, and stage and sound crews at the California Jam concert in 1974. He has since catered many special events, some for the British royal family on their visits to San Francisco.
In 1972, he opened his restaurant, Narsai's, in the upscale community of Kensington, on the northern tip of Berkeley. The restaurant was described by The New York Times as having one of the finest wine cellars in the world. Narsai's Market was opened next door, from 1978 until 1985. Narsai's restaurant closed in 1986. On the shelves at Narsai's Market were many imported and gourmet products, several of which are still made exclusively for him using his own recipes and bearing his distinctive label.
David owned one vineyard in the Napa Valley, Narsai David Estates, and produced his own Cuvée and Cabernet Sauvignon.
In the 1980s until the 1990s, he had a food and cooking column in the San Francisco Chronicle. He was the KCBS Food and Wine Editor; and has appeared on radio and television. David suffered declining health after a fall and died on June 20, 2024, at the age of 87.
# Altona, Missouri

Altona is an unincorporated community in northern Bates County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route Z just north of Missouri route 18 and approximately 5.5 miles east of Adrian.

## History

Altona was platted in 1860, and named after Altoona, Pennsylvania, the native home of a first settler. A post office called Altona was established in 1868, and remained in operation until 1920.
In 1925, Altona had 11 inhabitants.
# Alucita compsoxantha

Alucita compsoxantha is a species of moth of the family Alucitidae. It is known from Zimbabwe.
# Amaxia inopinata

Amaxia inopinata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1989. It is found in Ecuador.
# Amaxia laurentia

Amaxia laurentia is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1905. It is found in French Guiana.
# Amaxia manora

Amaxia manora is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1906. It is found in the upper Amazon and Peru.
# Deutscher Koordinierungsrat der Gesellschaften für Christlich-Jüdische Zusammenarbeit

The Deutscher Koordinierungsrat der Gesellschaften für Christlich-Jüdische Zusammenarbeit (DKR - German Coordinating-Council for Christian-Jewish cooperation organisations) is an umbrella organisation for 81 local and regional organisations in Germany working for Christian-Jewish collaboration. It presently has around 20,000 members overall. They advocate Jewish-Christian dialogue and collaboration between Christians and Jews as well as for the study of the Holocaust. It was founded on 10 November 1949 and is based in Bad Nauheim. Its patron is ex officio the President of Germany.
It is the largest single member of the 32-nation International Council of Christians and Jews, which increasingly also looks into "Abrahamic" dialogue between Jews, Christian and Muslims to which the ICCJ can bring models based on its long experience in interfaith dialogue.
The DKR awards the annual Buber-Rosenzweig-Medal. The organisations that are represented within the DKR established the Buber-Rosenzweig Foundation in 1989, and in 1992 the foundation opened its own headquarters and conference hall in Bad Nauheim (also open to other organizers working for similar aims to that of the foundation).

## Notable members

* Lorenz Weinrich, German historian
* Karl Thieme
# Napoléon, comte Daru

Napoléon, comte Daru (11 June 1807 – 20 February 1890), was a French soldier and politician.

## Career

Napoléon Daru was born on 11 June 1807 in Paris. He was the son of Pierre Daru and godson of Napoleon and Joséphine. He studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, then at the École polytechnique and at the École militaire d'application in Metz. After becoming second-lieutenant of artillery in 1830, he participated with military honor in the French conquest of Algeria. He became peer of France in 1833.
During the French Second Republic he was a member of the National Constituent Assembly for Manche from 7 January 1849 to 26 May 1849, and a member of the National Legislative Assembly for Manche from 13 May 1849 to 8 December 1851. During the Second French Empire he was a member of the Corps législatif for Manche from 6 June 1869 to 4 September 1870. He was a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques in 1860, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Émile Ollivier in 1870.
After Léon Gambetta dissolved the departmental general councils on 26 December 1870, Daru and Arthur Legrand protested the measure. During the French Third Republic Daru was a member of the National Assembly for Manche from 8 February 1871 to 7 March 1876. He belonged to the Orléanist parliamentary group, Centre droit. He was a member of the Senate from 30 January 1876 to 4 January 1879. Napoléon Daru died on 20 February 1890 in Paris.