OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Birnie Island

Birnie Island is a small, uninhabited coral island, 20 hectares (49 acres) in area, part of the Phoenix Island group, that is part of the Republic of Kiribati. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi; 54 nmi) southeast of Kanton Island and 90 kilometres (56 mi; 49 nmi) west-northwest of Rawaki Island, formerly known as Phoenix Island. It lies at 03°35′S 171°33′W﻿ / ﻿3.583°S 171.550°W﻿ / -3.583; -171.550. Birnie Island measures only 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) long and 0.5 kilometres (0.3 mi) wide. There is no anchorage, but landing can be made on the lee shore.
The island is designated as the Birnie Island Wildlife Sanctuary. Kiribati declared the Phoenix Islands Protected Area in 2006, with the park being expanded in 2008. The 164,200-square-mile (425,300-square-kilometer) marine reserve contains eight coral atolls including Birnie Island.

## Flora and fauna

Birnie Island is low and dry, with a small, shallow lagoon in its southeast sector which is all but dried up. It is treeless, covered mostly with low shrubs and grasses, and was once home to a colony of rabbits, which have since been eradicated. Because of the undisturbed nature of the island, its vegetation, and the large colonies of seabirds which roost there, Birnie Island was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1975. It now forms (as of 2008) part of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, one of the world's largest marine protected area.
An expedition to carry out eradication of the population of Polynesian rat on Birnie Island was carried out in 2011.

## History

Birnie Island was discovered in 1823 by the London whaling ship Sydney, commanded by a Captain Emmett, and named after James Birnie, brother of London merchant Alexander Birnie. It was surveyed by the United States Exploring Expedition in January 1841.$^{:6}$
In the 1860s, the island was claimed under the Guano Islands Act for the United States, though there is no evidence of guano ever being mined there.$^{:7}$ On July 10, 1889, the British flag was raised, and the island was declared a protectorate of the United Kingdom. In 1899, the island was leased to the Pacific Islands Company, Ltd. In 1916, it was included among the islands leased for 87 years to Captain Allen of the Samoan Shipping and Trading Company. This lease was taken over by the Burns Philp (South Sea) Company. During all this time, no human use seems to have been made of the island.
Birnie Island became part of the British Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony in 1937, then became part of Kiribati in 1979 when the country gained its independence. The United States gave up its claim in favor of Kiribati in the 1979 Treaty of Tarawa.
Birnie is rarely visited today, though a New Zealand-funded scientific expedition to rid the island of rats and other invasive animal species was carried out in 2008.
* Birnie Island. Day beacon in background
* Birnie Island day beacon with lagoon in background
* United States Army Corps of Engineers survey marker on Birnie Island
# Ocean Pond

Ocean Pond may refer to:
* A nearly circular lake with a diameter of approximately two miles in Osceola National Forest, in Florida
** Battle of Ocean Pond, or the Battle of Olustee, that took place near the pond
* A lake in Lake Park, Georgia
* Ocean Pond, Newfoundland and Labrador, a settlement near Mahers
# Macrothyatira transitans

Macrothyatira transitans is a moth in the family Drepanidae first described by Constant Vincent Houlbert in 1921. It is found in Yunnan, China.
# Luna 22

Luna 22 (Ye-8-LS series) was an uncrewed space mission, part of the Soviet Luna program, also called Lunik 22.

## Overview

Luna 22 was a lunar orbiter mission. The spacecraft carried imaging cameras and also had the objectives of studying the Moon's magnetic field, surface gamma ray emissions and composition of lunar surface rocks, and the gravitational field, as well as micrometeorites and cosmic rays. Luna 22 was launched into Earth parking orbit and then to the Moon. It was inserted into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974. The spacecraft made many orbit adjustments over its 18-month lifetime in order to optimize the operation of various experiments, lowering the perilune to as little as 25 km.
Luna 22 was the second of two "advanced" lunar orbiters, the first of which being Luna 19 . The orbiter was designed to conduct extensive scientific surveys from orbit. Well in route to the Moon, Luna 20 had to perform a single mid-course correction on 30 May, and entered lunar orbit on 2 June 1974. When the orbiter first entered orbit of the Moon, it started at periapsis altitude at 219 kilometres (136 mi) and apoapsis altitude as 222 kilometres (138 mi), and an inclination of 19°35', these orbital parameters changed throughout its mission. Throughout the orbiters various orbital changes, Luna 22 had performed without any problems, and it continued to return photos fifteen months into its mission, past the conclusion of its primary mission, which had ended by 2 April 1975. The maneuvering propellant on the spacecraft was depleted on 2 September 1975, and the mission was formally concluded in early November 1975, following a highly successful mission.
# Aisne deputies to the eighth legislature of the French Fifth Republic

Unlike the other legislatures of the Fifth French Republic, the eighth legislature from 1986 to 1988 had proportional representation by department.
This table summarises representatives from Aisne in the 7th, 8th and 9th legislatures.
| constituency | 7th legislature | 8th legislature | 9th legislature |
| 1st | Robert Aumont, PS | Jean-Claude Lamant, RPR Daniel Le Meur, PCF Jean-Pierre Balligand, PS Bernard Lefranc, PS André Rossi, UDF-RAD | René Dosière, PS |
| 2nd | Daniel Le Meur, PCF | Jean-Claude Lamant, RPR Daniel Le Meur, PCF Jean-Pierre Balligand, PS Bernard Lefranc, PS André Rossi, UDF-RAD | Daniel Le Meur, PCF |
| 3rd | Jean-Pierre Balligand, PS | Jean-Claude Lamant, RPR Daniel Le Meur, PCF Jean-Pierre Balligand, PS Bernard Lefranc, PS André Rossi, UDF-RAD | Jean-Pierre Balligand, PS |
| 4th | Roland Renard, PCF | Jean-Claude Lamant, RPR Daniel Le Meur, PCF Jean-Pierre Balligand, PS Bernard Lefranc, PS André Rossi, UDF-RAD | Bernard Lefranc, PS |
| 5th | Bernard Lefranc, PS | Jean-Claude Lamant, RPR Daniel Le Meur, PCF Jean-Pierre Balligand, PS Bernard Lefranc, PS André Rossi, UDF-RAD | André Rossi, UDF-RAD |
# Peter Le Neve

Peter Le Neve FSA FRS (21 January 1661 – 24 September 1729) was an English herald and antiquary. He was appointed Rouge Dragon Pursuivant 17 January 1690 and created Norroy King at Arms on 25 May 1704. From 1707 to 1721 he was Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary, an officer of arms of the College of Arms. He was a Fellow and first President of the Society of Antiquaries of London and a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Among his library's holdings was a volume of fragments that found its way into the collection of Richard Rawlinson and thence to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, that contains the so-called "Rawlinson Excidium Troie", a unique testimony to a Latin account of the Trojan War that was used by many medieval writers.
Peter Le Neve was the son of Francis Neve, citizen and Draper of London, by Avice, daughter of Peter Wright. He was the brother of Oliver Le Neve.
# Peter LeBlanc (politician)

Peter David LeBlanc (born December 24, 1938) is a former chartered accountant and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Kennebecasis in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1995 to 1999 as a Liberal member.
LeBlanc is now the owner and co-operator of a Christmas tree farm and apple orchard located in Quispamsis NB, Kennebecasis Apple Orchard.
He was born December 24, 1938, in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Paul LeBlanc and Beatrice Mary MacDonald. In 1973, he married Carolyn Crowther. LeBlanc served as Minister of Supply and Services from 1997 to 1998. He had been a member of the town council for Rothesay, New Brunswick. LeBlanc was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1999.
# Peter Le Vasseur

Peter Le Vasseur (born 1938) is an artist from Guernsey.
Le Vasseur was born in Guernsey in 1938 but evacuated to London during World War II. His art began as a youngster, copying pictures from comics and his talent was noticed by his school teacher. He was later admitted to Harrow Art College. Paintings for his first exhibition at the Portal Gallery in Mayfair were bought by the Duke of Bedford and Ringo Starr, and he was favourably reviewed by The Guardian.
Le Vasseur returned to live in Guernsey in 1975.
He has paintings in public collections including Guernsey Museum and Art Gallery and St James Concert Hall, Guernsey. His painting, The Tree of Life, won The People's Choice award, voted by the people of Guernsey.
# Peter Arnold-Craft

Peter Arnold-Craft (1926–2004) was a British headmaster and historian. Arnold-Craft was headmaster at Gravesend Grammar School between 1963 and 1968, and then became headmaster at the prestigious Liverpool Blue Coat School, where he served for twenty-one years. As well as this, Arnold-Craft edited a number of books about 18th century portraiture with J.S. Millward.

## Early life and education

Peter Arnold-Craft was born in Nunnington in North Yorkshire, his parents were both teachers. From school Arnold-Craft went up to Brasenose College, Oxford, where he studied history. His studies were interrupted by the war, during which Arnold-Craft served as a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. Arnold-Craft returned to his studies at Oxford, gaining a first class honours degree and also earned a tennis Blue

## Career and life

After Oxford Arnold-Craft taught history at Magdalen College School, Oxford steering and inspiring many pupils to Oxford and Cambridge, among them several who went on to be headmasters themselves. He then became the headmaster at Gravesend Grammar School in 1963. in 1968, after his five years at Gravesend, Arnold-Craft took up the post of headmaster at the Liverpool Blue Coat School, a boys day and boarding grammar school in Liverpool, remaining until his retirement in 1989, making him one of the longest serving headmasters at Blue Coat. He gained a reputation as one of the most respected figures in the Blue Coat School's 300-year history. Arnold-Craft guided many pupils at the school to Oxford and Cambridge and oversaw an era in which the academic success of the school flourished. Arnold-Craft also fought rigorously to overturn the "cease to maintain order" placed on the school in 1984 by the militant-led city council, eventually succeeding with the help of the then education secretary Sir Keith Joseph and 32,596 supporters who opposed the action of the council.
During his professional career as a master and headmaster, Arnold-Craft published five books as editor, about 18th century history, particularly focusing on portraiture. These books, co-edited with J.S. Millward, were published between 1962 and 1969.
Arnold-Craft retired in 1989 to North Yorkshire where he died in 2004. A memorial plaque in the school chapel of the Liverpool Blue Coat School was unveiled after his death, and an award for creative writing named after Arnold-Craft is still given at the Blue Coat School. Gravesend Grammar School also awards a school prize in his honour.
# Bernard E. Peters

Bernard E. Peters (1893-1949) was an American artist and co founder of the Ste. Genevieve Art Colony.

## Biography

Peters was born on August 8, 1893, in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at the University of Missouri and Harvard University. He taught art at Cleveland High School in St. Louis. He was married to Ord Peters.
At the suggestion of his friend Frank Nuderscher, visited rural Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, in 1932. He and Jessie Beard Rickly, along with their families rented a house at 202 Merchant Street, sharing studio space which became the Ste. Genevieve Art Colony. The third co founder of the colony was Aimee Schweig. The following year the Peters settled in nearby St. Mary, Missouri. Peters was a member of the St. Louis Artists' Guild, the St. Louis Industrial Art Club, and the Two-by-Four Society.
Peters died of Bright's disease on May 21, 1949, in Saint Louis, Missouri at the age of 53.
His work is in the collection of Midwestern art at the St. Louis University High School.
# Peter Higgins

Peter or Pete Higgins may refer to:
* Pete B. Higgins (born 1957), American dentist and politician
* Pete Higgins (businessman), early Microsoft employee and investment capitalist
* Peter Higgins (athlete) (1928–1993), British sprinter
* Peter Higgins (footballer) (born 1966), Australian rules footballer
# Bernadette Dy

Bernadette Ramirez Herrera (born February 22, 1976) is a Filipina politician, Deputy Minority Leader Philippine House of Representatives and First Representative of the Bagong Henerasyon party-list. She is also a TV host at Serbisyong Bayanihan, a public service program under UNTV. She is known as an advocate for the rights of Solo Parents, being the co author of Republic Act No. 11861 or the Expanded Solo Parent Act.

## Education

Herrera attended the University of the Philippines, where she obtained a bachelor's degree in business economics and a master's degree in finance.

## Career
### Quezon City councilor

Herrera was first elected as councilor for the 1st district of Quezon City in 2001, when she was 26. She ran under the ticket of mayoral candidate Feliciano Belmonte Jr. She was re-elected twice, serving until 2010.

### Bagong Henerasyon

Herrera is the founder of Bagong Henerasyon Foundation Inc. in 2001, which was accredited and authorized by the Commission on Elections to vow for party-list representation in the House of Representatives in 2009.
Bagong Henerasyon fielded Herrera as its first nominee in the 2010 elections, in which they secured a single seat for the 15th Congress. The party lost their seat in the 2013 elections (16th Congress).
The partylist would regain its seat in the 2016 elections, which was filled by Herrera In the 17th Congress, Herrara co-authored with Tom Villarin of Akbayan House Bill No. 4113, which eventually signed into law as Republic Act No. 11210 or the Expanded Maternity Leave Law in 2019.
During the 18th Congress, Herrera was named Deputy Speaker. She co-authored a bill banning child marriage in the Philippines which lapsed into law as Republic Act No. 11596, also known as the Prohibition of Child Marriage Law.
In the 19th Congress, she questioned the bidding process for the Department of Education procurement of laptops through the Department of Budget and Management's Procurement Service (PS-DBM)
Herrera has also advocated the legal recognition of same-sex union in the Philippines; she filed bills seeking the legalization of civil unions for same sex partners in the 18th and 19th Congress.
In 2022, under the leadership of House of Representatives Speaker Martin Romualdez, Herrera was chosen as Senior Deputy Minority Leader at the House of Representatives.

## Personal life

Herrera is a Solo Parent to two children.
# Peter Harding (wheelchair rugby)

Peter Harding (born 4 February 1969) is an Australian Paralympic wheelchair rugby player. He was born in Mildura, Victoria. He won a silver medal at the 2000 Sydney Games with the Australian Steelers.
# Peter Mackin

Peter Mackin (sometimes Machin) (1878 – 9 April 1917) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Lincoln City as an inside right.

## Career

An inside right, Mackin had a long career in non-League football in his native North East, most notably with North Eastern League club Blyth Spartans. He scored 21 goals in 54 Football League appearances for Lincoln City.

## Personal life

Mackin was married with five children and worked as a shipyard labourer in Hebburn, Wallsend and Blyth. He served as a private in the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers during the First World War and was wounded on the first day on the Somme. Mackin was killed during the Battle of Vimy Ridge on 9 April 1917. He was buried in Roclincourt Military Cemetery.

## Honours

Blyth Spartans
* Northern Football Alliance: 1908–09
* Tynemouth Infirmary Cup: 1908–09, 1909–10
Bedlington United
* Tynemouth Infirmary Cup: 1910–11
# Peter Gray (chemist)

Peter Gray FRS (25 August 1926 – 7 June 2012) was Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Leeds and subsequently Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

## Early life and education

Gray attended Newport High School. Gray was educated at the University of Cambridge where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts in Natural Sciences in 1946 and a PhD in Chemistry three years later.

## Career

In 1955 Gray was appointed a Lecturer in Chemistry at the University of Leeds. He was promoted to Reader in 1959 and to a personal chair as Professor of Physical Chemistry in 1962. He became Head of the Department of Physical Chemistry on the resignation of Professor Lord Dainton in 1965. His research interests included combustion flame and explosion oscillatory reactions and chaos in chemistry.
Gray left Leeds when he was elected Master of his old college Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1988. He remained Master until 1996 and was then a Life Fellow of the college until his death in 2012.

## Awards and honours

Professor Gray's career was garlanded with many academic honours, including election as a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1977. Gray was awarded an Honorary DSc by the University of Leeds in 1997. His nomination reads:
   Gray's work is notable for its range and diversity. He was the first to measure temperature-position profiles in gaseous systems on the verge of ignition by a very fine thermocouple technique. The results show that N$_2$H$_4$ oxidation is a pure thermal branched-chain explosion and that multiple cool flames in hydrocarbon oxidations are thermokinetic. His theoretical work on these and related systems is well recognised as original and comprehensive. The need to acquire ancillary data for his flame studies led Gray to measure the four principal transport properties of gases and his laboratory is now the foremost in this field in the UK. Inter alia this work has contributed to knowledge of intermolecular potential functions of dissimilar pairs. His work on reactivity and thermo chemistry of alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyl and perfluoro alkyl radicals is classical in importance ad quality and he has also made substantial advances in the chemistry of N$_2$O$_4$ and dissociating vapours, azide thermo-chemistry and lattice energies.

## Personal life

With his first wife, Barbara (who was a Lecturer in Biochemistry at the University of Leeds), Gray had four children; Christine, Andrew, David and Sally. Following her death in 1992 Gray married his second wife, Rachel, who survived him. His interests included music, hill walking and classical Russian science and maths.
Academic offices :
| Preceded bySir William Wade | Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge 1988–1996 | Succeeded byNeil McKendrick |
| Preceded byLord Dainton | Head of the Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Leeds 1965–1988 | Succeeded byunknown |
# Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase radical fringe

Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase radical fringe, also known as radical fringe is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFNG gene. Radical fringe is a signaling enzyme involved in the arrangement of the embryonic limb buds. It is a member of the fringe gene family, which also includes manic fringe and lunatic fringe. It is important for the dorsoventrally patterning of the limb and has been implicated in the formation of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). The AER is essential for the distal patterning of the limb. Experiments executed in chicken models show Radical fringe is expressed in both the dorsal ectoderm and the AER. This provides evidence that the AER forms from cells already expressing radical fringe, though further evidence is needed to confirm. Grafting experiments have shown that formation of the AER comes from signals in the limb bud mesoderm. However, radical fringe acts as a permissive signal to create a boundary for the AER to form. The knockout experiments done in chicken models suggest Radical fringe plays an integral role in wing development.
Conversely, knockout experiments in mice have shown that if Radical fringe is absent no phenotypic differences occur. Further study revealed the absence of mutation is most likely due to redundancy of Manic and Lunatic fringe, which likely take over in the absence of Radical fringe. Radical, Manic, and lunatic fringe genes make up a group of enzymes known as 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases. They elongate O-linked fucose residues on notch receptors, which effects neurogenesis through the notch signaling pathway. While Radical fringe may not be vital for limb formation in all species, current research suggests it plays an integral role in establishing the pattern of the developing limb when expressed.
# Petr Packert

Petr Packert (22 February 1943 – 23 April 2003) was a Czech football player and manager.
He played for Dukla Prague, Bohemians Prague and TJ Modřany.
He coached Czechoslovakia U-16, Czechoslovakia U-18, Czechoslovakia U-21, OFI Crete, Panathinaikos, Ethnikos Piraeus, PAS Giannina, Bohemians Prague, Pagkorinthiakos, Tatran Poštorná and ES Sétif.
# Peter Martin (Canadian football)

Peter Campbell Martin (March 21, 1920 – March 23, 1996) was a Canadian football player who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders. He played junior football in Regina. He was included on the Roughriders' Plaza of Honor in 1990.
# Peter Martin (Australian footballer)

Peter James Martin (24 July 1875 – 25 March 1918) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood during the early years of the Victorian Football League (VFL), and North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFA).

## Family

The son of James Joseph Martin and Ellen O'Connor, Peter was born in Geelong on 24 July 1875. He married Lavinia M. Smith in 1902. They had four children, Lavinia H., Kathleen I., and Samuel A. Martin, and one other.

## Footballer

Recruited from Wellington Juniors in Geelong, he first came to Collingwood's attention when he won a goal-kicking contest in 1898.
Martin shared his league debut with future club great Ted Rowell and played 14 games that season, including the 1901 VFL Grand Final loss to Essendon where he was a wingman. He made just one further appearance with Collingwood, in 1902, before finishing his career at North Melbourne, then in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), where he played for, at least, three seasons (1903–1905). He then played for four seasons for the Garrison Artillery Football Team.

## Soldier

A Private with the 6th Battalion of the First AIF during World War I, Martin was badly injured in fighting at Pozières, France in December 1916.
The name of Peter James Martin (3399) does not appear on the Australian War Memorial's Roll of Honour because, at the time of his death (25 March 1918), more than 12 months and a day had elapsed since he had been wounded in action; also, by the time of his death, he had been discharged from the army, and was not listed as officially "Died of Wounds" on any casualty list.
He had been hit in the head by a German bullet at Pozières on 8 December 1916; the right side of his head was very badly damaged (his skull had been fractured, and it never healed properly), and he had lost his right eye. He did not appear on a casualty list until January 1917. He was discharged from the army on 26 January 1917. He died from his war wounds at the Caulfield Military Hospital (No.5 Australian General Hospital) on 25 March 1918. He was buried with full military honours, in an unmarked grave, at Coburg Cemetery.