OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Way to Love

The Way to Love is a 1933 American pre-Code romantic comedy film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Maurice Chevalier and Ann Dvorak. Edward Everett Horton was the principal featured player.
At one stage Carole Lombard was to have co starred against Chevalier.
Filming started 9 January 1933.

## Plot

Chevalier portrays a "happy-go-lucky Parisian street gypsy" who protects Dvorak's character when she is threatened by her partner in a knife-throwing act.

## Cast

* Maurice Chevalier
* Ann Dvorak
* Edward Everett Horton
* Minna Gombell
* Blanche Frederici
* John Miljan
* Grace Bradley
* George Rigas
* Sydney Toler
# Bobsleigh at the 1932 Winter Olympics – Four-man

The four-man bobsleigh results at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, in the United States.

## Medallists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| United States (USA) USA I Billy Fiske Eddie Eagan Clifford Gray Jay O'Brien | United States (USA) USA II Henry Homburger Percy Bryant Francis Stevens Edmund Horton | Germany (GER) Germany I Hanns Kilian Max Ludwig Hans Mehlhorn Sebastian Huber |

## Results

| Rank | Team | Athletes | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 4 | Final |
| Gold | United States (USA) USA I | Billy Fiske, Eddie Eagan, Clifford Gray, & Jay O'Brien | 2:00.52 | 1:59.16 | 1:57.41 | 1:56.59 | 7:53.68 |
| Silver | United States (USA) USA II | Henry Homburger, Percy Bryant, Francis Stevens, & Edmund Horton | 2:01.77 | 2:01.09 | 1:58.56 | 1:54.28 | 7:55.70 |
| Bronze | Germany (GER) Germany I | Hanns Kilian, Max Ludwig, Hans Mehlhorn, & Sebastian Huber | 2:03.11 | 2:01.34 | 1:58.19 | 1:57.40 | 8:00.04 |
| 4 | Switzerland (SUI) Switzerland II | Reto Capadrutt, Hans Eisenhut, Charles Jenny, & Oscar Geier | 2:06.81 | 2:03.40 | 2:01.47 | 2:00.50 | 8:12.18 |
| 5 | Italy (ITA) Italy I | Teofilo Rossi di Montelera, Agostini Lanfranchi, Gaetano Lanfranchi & Italo Casini | 2:07.87 | 2:06.62 | 2:07.94 | 2:01.78 | 8:24.21 |
| 6 | Romania (ROU) Romania I | Alexandru Papană, Alexandru Ionescu, Ulise Petrescu, & Dumitru Hubert | 2:09.09 | 2:14.32 | 2:02.00 | 1:58.81 | 8:24.22 |
| 7 | Germany (GER) Germany II | Walther von Mumm, Hasso von Bismarck, Gerhard von Hessert, & Georg Gyssling | 2:11.59 | 2:11.72 | 2:07.89 | 2:04.25 | 8:35.45 |
# 1997 Marbella Open

The 1997 Marbella Open was a men's Association of Tennis Professionals tennis tournament held in Marbella, Spain. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 8 September until 15 September 1997. First-seeded Álbert Costa won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Álbert Costa defeated Alberto Berasategui 6–3, 6–2
* It was Costa's 2nd title of the year and the 6th of his career.

### Doubles

Karim Alami / Julián Alonso defeated Alberto Berasategui / Jordi Burillo 4–6, 6–3, 6–0
* It was Alami's only title of the year and the 3rd of his career. It was Alonso's 2nd title of the year and the 2nd of his career.
# No Second Prize

No Second Prize may refer to:
* "No Second Prize" (song), a 1984 single by Jimmy Barnes
* No Second Prize (video game), a 1992 racing game by Thalion Software
# Oncideres dorsomaculata

Oncideres dorsomaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Noguera in 1993. It is known from Mexico.
# 1913 Lyttelton by-election

The Lyttelton by-election of 1913 was a by-election during the 18th New Zealand Parliament. As no candidate won an absolute majority on the first ballot on 9 December, a second round was held on 16 December. The seat had become vacant due to the death of sitting MP George Laurenson. Five candidates stood. It was the last by-election in New Zealand to use the Two-round voting system to elect a member.

## Results

The following tables give the election results:

### First ballot

1913 Lyttelton by-election: First ballot :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Social Democrat | James McCombs | 2,075 | 42.20 |
| | Reform | Malcolm Miller | 1,560 | 31.73 |
| | Liberal | James Laurenson | 922 | 18.75 |
| | Independent Liberal | Henry Thacker | 263 | 5.35 |
| | Independent | William Radcliffe | 97 | 1.97 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,917 | |
The two highest candidates were McCombs and Miller, so they contested the second ballot.

### Second ballot

1913 Lyttelton by-election: Second ballot :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Social Democrat | James McCombs | 2,628 | 52.25 |
| | Reform | Malcolm Miller | 2,402 | 47.75 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 226 | 4.50 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,030 | |
| | Social Democrat gain from Liberal | Social Democrat gain from Liberal | Swing | |
# Peter Blanker

Peter Blanker (born 11 June 1939 in Delfshaven) is a Dutch singer and Artist. Blanker sings and writes in the Levenslied genre, a somewhat sentimental popular genre, and teaches the writing of such songs. Many of his songs dealt with his birthplace (Delfshaven) and his later domicile (Rotterdam). He scored a minor hit in 1981 with a translation of a Mac Davis song, and for eleven years had a radio show dedicated to the Levenslied.

## Biography

Blanker began a career as a singer in 1961, after working as a sailor, grape picker, and journalist. He was inspired by the French chansonnier Georges Brassens and his Dutch counterpart Jules de Corte.
In the 1960s Blanker worked in Cabaret, and from 1975 to 1978 acted and sang in the children's television show De Holle Bolle Boom, which aired on AVRO television, working with Leontien Ceulemans, Hans Otjes, and Maria Lindes, under the musical direction of Tonny Eyk. Another television show he performed in was 't Oproer kraait, in which he sang the Boris Vian song "Le Déserteur", a song about a conscientious objector; censorship by the record company is blamed for the song not being included in a compilation of the show.
Many of his own songs celebrated Delfshaven and Rotterdam. He scored an unexpected hit in 1981 with the song "'t Is moeilijk bescheiden te blijven", a translation of Mac Davis's "It's Hard to Be Humble", and became so tired of it that he refused to sing it, or any other cover. In 1987 he released the single "Alles heeft een einde (maar een worst wel twee)", a Peter Koelewijn translation of the German song "Alles hat ein Ende nur die Wurst hat zwei" ("Everything has an end, but a sausage has two") by Stephan Remmler.
He wrote and produced a number of songs for Kinderen voor Kinderen, and for eleven years did a radio show on the Levenslied for the KRO, Levenslief en levensleed. He also taught songwriting in the genre, teaching his students to be wary of cliches and to work toward a generalizing moral in (typically) the third stanza. In the early 1990s he directed a writer's collective which ended up producing a musical, Kaat Mossel. In 2003 his fortieth anniversary in show business was celebrated with a national tour, and in that same year he retired from performing; he moved to the Shetland Islands, where he led a sea shanty choir.

## Award

* The city of Rotterdam awarded Blanker in 2003 with the Wolfert van Borselen medal.
# Philip Stockton

Philip Stockton is a sound editor.
On February 26, 2012, he won an Academy Award for the movie Hugo. He also won a 2011 BAFTA for his work on that film and also won Emmy Award for Boardwalk Empire.
# Tekeli, Koçarlı

Tekeli is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Koçarlı, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 267 (2022).
# The Very Cranky Bear

The Very Cranky Bear is a 2008 children's picture book by Nick Bland. It is about four animal friends, Moose, Lion, Zebra, and Sheep, who enter a cave to get out of a rainstorm and disturb a bear.

## Publication history

* 2008, Australia, Scholastic Australia, ISBN 9781741691344
* 2009, United Kingdom, Hodder Childrens, ISBN 9780340989432
* 2011, Canada, Scholastic, ISBN 9781443107853
* 2014, USA, Orchard Books, ISBN 9780545612692
* 2020, Italy, as "Orso che broncio!", Caissa Italia, ISBN 9788867290963

## Reception

A review in Publishers Weekly of The Very Cranky Bear wrote "Using a singsong rhyme scheme and a comically bumbling animal cast, Bland (The Runaway Hug) playfully introduces the concepts of consideration and respect in a story first published in Australia in 2008", and Kirkus Reviews called it "Good, not-so-cranky fun."
The Very Cranky Bear has also been reviewed by CM: Canadian Review of Materials, Booklist, School Library Journal, The Horn Book, and Library Media Connection.
It was the 2012 National Simultaneous Storytime book.

## Adaptations

Cranky Bear, a theatrical adaption of The Very Cranky Bear, has been made by Patch Theatre.
# Don't Call Me Little Girl

Don't Call Me Little Girl is a 1921 American silent comedy film directed by Joseph Henabery and starring Mary Miles Minter. It was adapted by Edith Kennedy from the stage play "Jerry" by Catherine Chisholm Cushing. As with many of Minter's features, it is thought to be a lost film.

## Plot

As described in various film magazine reviews, Jerry Doubleday (Minter) is an eighteen-year-old girl, who arrives with her mother to stay with her aunt Joan (Stonehouse) ahead of her wedding. Aunt Joan's engagement to Monty Wade (Patrick) has gone on for ten years but the wedding seems on course to finally take place - until Jerry has other ideas.
Determined to prove to her mother that she is no longer a little girl, Jerry arrives at the station dressed in the most modern fashions, and immediately "borrows" an automobile to take for a spin. This automobile turns out to belong to Monty, who rescues Jerry when she crashes it into a fruit stand and promptly falls for her.
Jerry is determined to have Monty for herself, and thus she schemes to make some adjustments to Aunt Joan's upcoming wedding. She realises that an old acquaintance of Joan's, Peter Flagg (Flanagan), still has feelings for her, and Jerry causes Peter to have a minor accident that requires him to stay at Joan's house. She then places a notice in the local paper, stating that Joan's upcoming wedding will still take place, but with Peter as the groom instead of Monty.
All are horrified when they read the changed announcement, but Jerry is unrepentant. Eventually, however, Joan is persuaded that Peter is the right man for her. Jerry has to resort to a feigned suicide for Monty to admit his feelings for her, but in the end all is resolved so that a double Doubleday wedding can take place.

## Cast

* Mary Miles Minter as Jerry
* Winifred Greenwood as Harriet Doubleday
* Ruth Stonehouse as Joan Doubleday
* Jerome Patrick as Monty Wade
* Edward Flanagan as Peter Flagg
* Fanny Midgley as Mrs. Doubleday
# 1998 Belmont Stakes

The 1998 Belmont Stakes was the 130th running of the Belmont Stakes and the 94th time that the event took place at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.
Victory Gallop, ridden by jockey Gary Stevens and trained by W. Elliott Walden won the race by a nose over favorite Real Quiet. Victory Gallop's win prevented Real Quiet from winning the Triple Crown that year.

## Full results

| Finish | PP | Horse | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Final Odds | Winnings |
| 1 | 9 | Victory Gallop | Gary Stevens | W. Elliott Walden | Prestonwood Farm | 4.50 | $600,000 |
| 2 | 7 | Real Quiet | Kent Desormeaux | Bob Baffert | Michael E. Pegram | 0.80 | $200,000 |
| 3 | 1 | Thomas Jo | Chris_McCarron | Jimmy Jerkens | Earle I. Mack | 28.50 | $110,000 |
| 4 | 4 | Parade Ground | Pat Day | Neil J. Howard | Lane's End Farm | 20.40 | $60,000 |
| 5 | 8 | Raffie's Majesty | Jorge F. Chavez | H. James Bond | Henry H. Prieger | 13.90 | $30,000 |
| 6 | 3 | Chilito | Robbie Davis | H. Graham Motion | Lazy Lane Farms LLC | 85.75 | |
| 7 | 11 | Grand Slam | Jerry Bailey | D. Wayne Lukas | Robert C. Baker | 7.20 | |
| 8 | 5 | Classic Cat | John R. Velazquez | David C. Cross Jr. | Gary M. Garber | 10.40 | |
| 9 | 6 | Limit Out | Jean-Luc Samyn | H. Allen Jerkens | Joseph V. Shields Jr. | 20.90 | |
| 10 | 10 | Yarrow Brae | Mike E. Smith | D. Wayne Lukas | Michael Tabor | 32.25 | |
| 11 | 2 | Basic Trainee | Joe Bravo | Jorge E. Romero | Luis A. Gambotto & Enrique Ocejo | 113.25 | |
* Winning Breeder: Tall Oaks Farm (Ivan Dalos) (ON)
# No Second Chance

No Second Chance is a thriller released in 2003 and is the fifth stand-alone novel written by Harlan Coben. No Second Chance was the first international Book of the Month Club pick in 2003.

## Plot

Dr. Marc Seidman has been shot twice, his wife has been murdered, and his six-month-old daughter has been kidnapped. When he gets the ransom note, he knows he has only one chance to get this right. But there is nowhere he can turn to and no one he can trust.

## Serial

The novel was adapted in a movie for TF1 et RTL-TVI in 2015.
# Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star

The Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist) Red Star (in brief CPI (ML) Red Star) was formed in 2009 merging with various factions of CPI (ML), following the Bhopal Special Conference in 2009. with K N Ramachandran as the General Secretary, who has been reelected to the post in the 9th, 10th and 11th Congresses of the Party, which were held in 2011 at Bhubaneswar (Odisha) in 2015 at Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) & 2018 at Bengaluru (Karnataka) 5respectively.

## History

Following the first split in CPI and emergence of CPI (M) in 1964, the inner party struggle continued leading to the Naxalbari Uprising in 1967 and formation of CPI (ML) in 1969 followed by the 1970 Congress (Eighth Congress of the Communist Movement in India).
CPI (ML) Red Star was formed by the merger of various factions of CPI (ML) on 2009 by the 9th Congress at Bhubaneswar. K.N Ramchandran is General Secretary since the very inception of this party. Since 2009 three party congress (9th, 10th, 11th) was held. The last Congress (11th Congress) was held in Bangalore and KN Ramchandran again elected as General Secretary of this party.

## Role in Bhangor Movement

In West Bengal this party gained momentum in participation in Bhangor against an ongoing power station project. Although many of its members were arrested including women-wing leader Sharmishtha Chowdhury the movement still continued. Bhangor protesters led by Red Star leader Alik Chakraborty won five seats in Polerhat-2 rural poll despite heavy obstacles from the ruling party including blocking nominations and rigging.
# Nothing New

Nothing New may refer to:
* Nothing New (album), a 2014 album by Gil Scott-Heron
* Nothing New, a 2011 EP by Tadpole
* "Nothing New" (song), a 2021 song by Taylor Swift featuring Phoebe Bridgers
* "Nothing New", a song by Ashlee Simpson from the album Autobiography, 2004
* "Nothin' New", a song by Gloria Estefan from the album Cuts Both Ways, 1989
* "Nothin' New", a song by Ab-Soul
* "Nothin' New", a song by 21 Savage from Issa Album 2017
# Berkhout

Berkhout is a village in the northwest Netherlands. It is in the municipality of Koggenland, North Holland, about 5 km (3 mi) west of Hoorn.

## History

The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Berchout, and means "deciduous forest of birch (Betula) trees". Berkhout developed in the 13th century as a peat excavation village.
The Dutch Reformed church is a T-shaped church in Renaissance Revival style built in 1884. The titittower(= was added in 1886.
Berkhout was home to 766 people in 1840. It was an independent municipality until 1979 when it was merged into Wester-Koggenland. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Koggenland.

## Notable people

* Henk Jonker, photographer (1912–2002)

## Gallery

* Farm Anna Hoeve
* Farm in Berkhout

## Climate

Climate data for Berkhout (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1999−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.0 (64.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 29.8 (85.6) | 32.5 (90.5) | 35.7 (96.3) | 33.0 (91.4) | 29.7 (85.5) | 25.0 (77.0) | 19.1 (66.4) | 14.4 (57.9) | 35.7 (96.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) | 6.5 (43.7) | 9.5 (49.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.7 (67.5) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 18.8 (65.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 9.7 (49.5) | 6.7 (44.1) | 13.8 (56.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) | 3.7 (38.7) | 6.0 (42.8) | 9.1 (48.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 15.4 (59.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 14.7 (58.5) | 11.0 (51.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | 4.4 (39.9) | 10.3 (50.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) | 0.9 (33.6) | 2.4 (36.3) | 4.5 (40.1) | 8.0 (46.4) | 10.8 (51.4) | 13.1 (55.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 10.6 (51.1) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.4 (39.9) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.5 (43.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.4 (4.3) | −21.9 (−7.4) | −18.7 (−1.7) | −6.5 (20.3) | −1.7 (28.9) | 3.5 (38.3) | 6.7 (44.1) | 6.3 (43.3) | 2.9 (37.2) | −4.4 (24.1) | −6.7 (19.9) | −10.0 (14.0) | −21.9 (−7.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.3 (2.89) | 61.1 (2.41) | 51.8 (2.04) | 41.3 (1.63) | 52.3 (2.06) | 58.3 (2.30) | 73.5 (2.89) | 98.1 (3.86) | 84.8 (3.34) | 98.6 (3.88) | 84.6 (3.33) | 86.5 (3.41) | 864.2 (34.02) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 88.3 | 86.6 | 83.3 | 79.7 | 78.2 | 79.6 | 79.6 | 81.4 | 84.6 | 86.5 | 89.5 | 89.6 | 83.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 69.4 | 95.3 | 153.1 | 209.9 | 236.6 | 218.8 | 233.6 | 205.5 | 155.5 | 120.7 | 68.0 | 59.1 | 1,825.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 27.1 | 33.9 | 41.5 | 49.5 | 48.5 | 43.5 | 46.2 | 45.0 | 40.8 | 36.5 | 25.7 | 24.7 | 38.6 |
| Source: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ||||||||||||||
# The Very Clever Pipe Game

The Very Clever Pipe Game is a card game produced by Cheapass Games.

## Gameplay

The game can be played by 2-4 people or teams. Like other pipe games, the objective is to create a closed circuit of pipes in one's color by playing cards from your hand. When a circuit is completed, the player collects the cards that have been played. The player or team with the most cards at the end of the game wins.
What makes this game unique (and thus, according to the maker, Very Clever) is that a player can choose to close off fields of light or dark backgrounds. In a four player game, for instance, each has a different goal: light pipes, dark pipes, light backgrounds, and dark backgrounds. With these competing goals, the game becomes quite complicated.
There are two basic strategies to this game. Some players prefer to make small circuits of only two or three cards, and others attempt to build up their circuit to pick up many cards at a time. Either strategy can win, although the former is safer and the latter more of a gamble. The strategy chosen can depend on the cards in the player's hand. An important part of the strategy is blocking opponents before they can gather cards.

## Reception

The reviewer from Pyramid #29 (Jan./Feb., 1998) stated that "The Very Clever Pipe Game is indeed quite clever. You've probably seen games where you have to connect pipes to win - it's been done before. But this version has two different colored pipes on each card - and two different colored backgrounds - and the pipes keep disappearing."
# Lowell P. Hager

Lowell P. Hager (1926 − 15 April 2014) was an internationally known enzymologist and protein chemist. He was head of the department of biochemistry at the University of Illinois where he was a member of the faculty since 1960 and head of the department for 20 years. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1995. He was best known for his work on halogenating enzymes and heme peroxidases, chemicals found widely in biochemical systems.

## Early life and education

He was born in 1926 and raised in the small town of Hepler, Kansas. He has a bachelor's degree from Valparaiso University in Indiana, earned in 1947. He has a master's degree (1950) from the University of Kansas and a PhD (1953) from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He worked in the laboratory of I.C. "Gunny" Gunsalus, and for his postdoctoral studies he worked with Fritz Lipmann at Harvard Medical School.

## Career

In 1955 he joined the chemistry department at Harvard, but returned to the University of Illinois where he joined the faculty in 1960, where he remained for the rest of his career. He was the head of the division of biochemistry from 1967 until 1969 and then became the first head of the school's newly created department of biochemistry.

## Awards and honors

In 1995 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He was also the inaugural recipient of the William Rutter Chair in Biochemistry in 1996.

## Personal life

Hager married Frances Faye Erea in 1948, who died in 2003. Together they had three children, including journalist Steven Hager. He died on 15 April 2014 and was survived by his four children and six grandchildren.
# 1997–98 Welsh Alliance League

The 1997–98 Welsh Alliance League was the fourteenth season of the Welsh Alliance League after its establishment in 1984. The league was won by Holyhead Hotspur.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Holyhead Hotspur (C, P) | 26 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 102 | 32 | +70 | 70 | Promotion to Cymru Alliance |
| 2 | Colwyn Bay YMCA | 26 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 71 | 41 | +30 | 54 | |
| 3 | Locomotive Llanberis | 26 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 71 | 50 | +21 | 50 | |
| 4 | Halkyn United | 26 | 15 | 2 | 9 | 60 | 40 | +20 | 47 | |
| 5 | Llangefni United | 26 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 73 | 46 | +27 | 42 | |
| 6 | Prestatyn Town | 26 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 50 | 34 | +16 | 42 | |
| 7 | Bangor City Reserves | 26 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 72 | 53 | +19 | 40 | |
| 8 | Nantlle Vale | 26 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 41 | 49 | −8 | 38 | |
| 9 | Llanfairpwll | 26 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 38 | 51 | −13 | 29 | |
| 10 | Caernarfon Town Reserves | 26 | 9 | 1 | 16 | 46 | 61 | −15 | 28 | |
| 11 | Saltney Community Centre | 26 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 40 | 60 | −20 | 28 | |
| 12 | Rhyl Reserves | 26 | 6 | 5 | 15 | 33 | 63 | −30 | 23 | |
| 13 | Conwy United Reserves | 26 | 5 | 2 | 19 | 48 | 108 | −60 | 17 | |
| 14 | Llandyrnog United | 26 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 29 | 86 | −57 | 11 | |
# Drepanobandidae

Drepanobandidae is a family of worms belonging to the order Polystilifera.
Genera:
# Oncioderes

Oncioderes is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Oncioderes picta Martins & Galileo, 1990
* Oncioderes rondoniae Martins & Galileo, 1990
# A. Robert Kaufman

Alan Robert Kaufman (March 8, 1931 – December 25, 2009) was an American socialist, civil rights activist, and perennial candidate in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Early life

Alan Robert Kaufman was born in Baltimore in 1931 into a middle-class Jewish family. He was the son of Frank Ezekiel and Helen (Leibowitz) Kaufman.

## Politics

Kaufman ran as a candidate in the Democratic primary for the 1986 United States Senate election in Maryland, losing to Barbara Mikulski. Kaufman received 6,505 votes, 1.05% of the ballots.
In 1999, Kaufman ran as a candidate in the Democratic primary of the 1999 Baltimore mayoral election. Losing to Martin O'Malley, he received 238, less than 0.1% of the vote. As a mayoral candidate, Kaufman proposed creating a red light district in Baltimore for legalized sex work. Kaufman also called for the decriminalization of drugs and the establishment of clinics to dispense drugs to drug addicts. Kaufman believed that decriminalization of prostitution and drugs would help reduce Baltimore's high rate of HIV and STI infections and help discourage the illegal drug market and related violence.

## Personal life

Kaufman never married or had children. In December 2005, a drug-addicted tenant attacked Kaufman at his Baltimore home with a brick, stabbed him, and stole his wallet. In September, the tenant was sentenced to three years in prison, pleading guilty to robbery with a deadly weapon. Kaufman spoke at the hearing, saying that his assailant should receive counseling and drug rehabilitation.

## Death

Kaufman died on December 25, 2009, at Northwest Hospital in Randallstown, Maryland. Kaufman had been undergoing kidney dialysis since his assault in 2005, which had caused his kidneys to fail. His sister Ruth Lipsetts was his sole surviving relative.