OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alphonse Roque-Ferrier

Alphonse Roque-Ferrier (2 August 1844 – 18 June 1907) was a French philologist and historian of the occitan language. He was a member of Félibrige. He argued for a union of Southern European countries.

## Early life

Alphonse Roque-Ferrier was born in 1844.

## Career

Roque-Ferrier was a philologist and historian of the Occitan language. He was the secretary of the Société pour l'étude des langues romanes.
Roque-Ferrier was a member of Félibrige, a French regionalist organization to defend and promote occitan languages and literature.
In De l’idée latine dans quelques poésies en espagnol, en langue d’oc et en catalan (1877), he drew upon the works of Octavien Bringuier and argued for Latinity or the "Latin idea," the notion that people who spoke Romance languages and whose culture originated in Ancient Rome were a specific "race."
With Charles de Tourtoulon, another member of the Félibrige, Roque-Ferrier was a frequent visitor to Barcelona, Spain. Additionally, both men were proponents of a union of Southern European countries.

## Death

He died in 1907.
# Denis Pettiaux

Denis Pettiaux (1956) is a Belgian acrobat and former referee of the EBU production Jeux Sans Frontières.
His first contact with Jeux Sans Frontières was in 1981 when he participated in an episode in the French town of Annecy. The Belgian team played Pettiaux on a tightrope walking game and also played their Joker on it, which gives extra points. Pettiaux performed very well on this game, and this helps the Belgian team to win that night. They also qualify for the final, but they have no success, as they finish rock bottom there. Also in 1988 he participated for a Belgian team and once again his team picks the win.
In 1990 Pettiaux became the international referee of Jeux Sans Frontières. First with Bernhard Galley, since 1992 on his own. He uses his talent for acrobatics in demonstrations for certain games. In 1996 he can demonstrate a game with a unicycle. His famous quote "Attention, prêts?" announced the start of a game, before he blows his whistle. He is the referee until the end in 1999, a total of 122 episodes long.
After the end of Jeux Sans Frontières Pettiaux returns to his original job as a teacher for people with disabilities.
# Alphonse Kirchhoffer

Simon Alphonse Kirchhoffer (December 19, 1873 in Paris – June 30, 1913 in Paris) was a French fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
He participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the silver medal in the master's foil. He was defeated by Lucien Mérignac in the final.
# Dentition analysis

Dentition analyses are systems of tooth and jaw measurement used in orthodontics to understand arch space and predict any malocclusion (mal-alignment of the teeth and the bite). Example systems of dentition analysis are listed below.

## Permanent dentition (adult teeth) analysis

* Maxillary dentition (upper teeth)
** Pont's Analysis
** Linder Harth Index
** Korkhaus Analysis
** Arch Perimeter Analysis
* Mandibular dentition (lower teeth)
** Ashley Howe's Analysis
** Carey's Analysis
* Both Arches (upper and lower teeth)
** Bolton Analysis

## Mixed dentition analysis

* Moyer's Mixed Dentition Analysis
* Tanaka and Johnston Analysis
* Radiographic Analysis
* Ballard and Willie Analysis
* Huckaba's Analysis
* Staley Kerber Analysis
* Hixon and Old Father Analysis
* Tweed's analysis (cast + cephalometric)
* Total space analysis (cast + cephalometric + soft tissue)

## Dental arch analysis

* Intermolar Width - It is the distance between the mesiobuccal cusp tip points of the first permanent molars
* Intercanine Width - It is the distance between the tip of the cusp from canine to canine.
* Arch Length - It is the distance from the line perpendicular to the mesiobuccal cusp tips of the first permanent molars to the midpoint between the mesioincisal points of the central incisors.
* Arch Perimeter - It is the distance from mesial contact of a permanent molar on one side to the mesial contact of permanent molar on the other side, with the line connecting the buccal/incisor tip points in the intervening teeth.

## Others

* Little's Irregularity Index
* Bolton analysis
# Alpine fleabane

Alpine fleabane is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Erigeron alpiniformis, native to northern Canada and Greenland
* Erigeron alpinus, native to Europe
* Erigeron borealis, native to Greenland, Labrador, and Nunavut
# Denmark–New Zealand relations

Denmark–New Zealand relations are the foreign relations between Denmark and New Zealand. As of 2021, neither country has a resident ambassador. Denmark is represented in New Zealand through its embassy in Canberra (Australia), a trade commission in Sydney, and honorary consulates in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch. New Zealand is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Stockholm. The New Zealand government describes relations as "good" and records a high degree of agreement on international affairs.
Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and in certain contexts ally themselves with the United States. Denmark is a 'third party' to the UK-USA Security Agreement, of which New Zealand is a member.

## History

There is a small Danish community in New Zealand, descended from a group of early settlers who came to clear thick North Island bush, in the middle years of the 19th century, and stayed to found settlements including Dannevirke and Norsewood. A former Prime Minister and high-ranking churchman from Denmark, Danish Prime Minister, Bishop Ditlev Gothard Monrad, settled in Karere near Palmerston North in the 1860s, and set up the first dairy plant in the region. Monrad returned to Denmark after a stay of three years, but other members of his family stayed in New Zealand. He left behind his collection of art now housed at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Other Danes came to the Seventy Mile Bush area in 1872 and founded the town which retains the Danish name of Dannevirke, commemorating the Danevirke in Slesvig. The other town created by the Danes was Norsewood.
In 1946, the two countries signed an agreement regarding 'exchange of notes', and other property held during World War II. In 2009 Carol Stigley was appointed by the Queen of Denmark, Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II as Consul General of Denmark to New Zealand. In 2024 Karen Pullar, who was appointed Honorary Consul General - Wellington in 2015, was made a knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in recognition of her service in the interests of Denmark.

## Trade

Denmark and New Zealand have been major competitors in the British food-products market since the early 1900s. Denmark's desire for access to the United Kingdom's dairy market influenced the negotiations for the United Kingdom's accession to the European Economic Community in the 1970s, and thus had a substantial impact on New Zealand's economy in the following years.

## Agreements

The two countries have agreements covering double taxation, pensions, and other social security payments. working holidays, and air services. New Zealand has encouraged immigration of temporary workers from Denmark, and vice versa for working holidays by New Zealand citizens to Denmark.

## Bilateral visits

Queen Margrethe II of Denmark made an official state visit to New Zealand in February 1987. Other visits between the two nations include a November 1998 visit to New Zealand by Niels Helveg Petersen, the Danish Foreign Minister; and Phil Goff, the New Zealand Foreign Minister visiting Denmark in September 2002.
# Alpha 2 (anthology)

Alpha 2 is a science fiction anthology edited by Robert Silverberg, first published as a paperback original by Ballantine Books in November 1977. No further editions have been issued.

## Contents

* Introduction by Robert Silverberg
* "Call Me Joe" by Poul Anderson (Astounding 1957)
* "Goodbye Amanda Jean" by Wilma Shore (Galaxy 1970)
* "A Man of the Renaissance" by Wyman Guin (Galaxy 1964)
* "Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night" by Algis Budrys (Galaxy 1961)
* "Faith of Our Fathers" by Philip K. Dick (Dangerous Visions 1967)
* "That Share of Glory" by C. M. Kornbluth (Astounding 1952)
* "The Men Return" by Jack Vance (Infinity 1957)
* "The Voices of Time" by J. G. Ballard (New Worlds 1960)
* "The Burning of the Brain" by Cordwainer Smith (If 1958)
* "The Shaker Revival" by Gerald Jonas (Galaxy 1970)
"Faith of Our Fathers" was nominated for the 1968 Hugo Award for Best Novelette.

## Reception

Writing in The New York Times Book Review, Theodore Sturgeon praised the anthology, saying that "Robert Silverberg, who knows good story-telling and good writing because that's what he does, uses these criteria in his selections for his Alpha series". Sturgeon also praised Alpha 2 in Galaxy, describing it as "ten fine stories and a Best Buy". Amazing Stories lauded Alpha 2 as "as strong an entry as its predecessor. . . . [T]he level of writing is high, the visions uncommonly clear, and the book, ultimately, entertaining".

## Awards

It placed sixth in the reprint anthology/collection category in the 1972 Locus Poll.
# Altay sheep

Altay is a breed of domesticated sheep originating in the dry, cold mountain basins of China. This breed belongs to the fat-rumped carpet wool type of sheep and the Kazakh group. Although the Altay grows wool, it is raised primarily for the meat.

## Characteristics

The tail (or rump) weighs about 15 lb (6.8 kg). At maturity, the rams average 180 lb (82 kg) and the ewes 150 lb (68 kg). The Altay's lambing percentage is approximately 103%. The Kazakh group of sheep average 2.5 lb (1.1 kg) to 3.5 lb (1.6 kg) of wool per shearing. The average height at the withers of mature rams is 76 cm (30 in) and 72 cm (28 in) for ewes. Both sexes are horned. Average birth weight for rams is 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) and ewes 4.25 kg (9.4 lb).
# Altay Tokat

Mehmet Altay Tokat (born 18 June 1940) is a retired Turkish general. He served in south-eastern Turkey (OHAL) in the mid-1990s in the Turkish–Kurdish conflict, and led Operation Hammer (1997) into northern Iraq against PKK. He retired in 1999. After his retirement he joined the Nationalist Movement Party, and served on its Central Executive Board.
In 2006 Tokat made remarks in an interview with Yeni Aktüel about ordering grenades to be thrown near the homes of public servants who had moved to the region from western Turkey, in order to "acquaint them with the realities of the region". No-one was hurt or injured in the attacks. He compared his actions to the 2005 Şemdinli incident then under litigation, in which one person died, saying "They were unskillful and inept in Şemdinli". The remarks led to an investigation, and he was put on trial for "attempting to erode the feeling of trust for commanders and making statements without authorization". The military court dropped the charges in October 2006 when it concluded it did not have the appropriate jurisdiction, and that the matter belonged in a civilian court.
Tokat graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1960.
Tokat was awarded Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit (TSK Liyakat Madalyası), Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Distinguished Courage and Self-Sacrifice (TSK Üstün Cesaret ve Feragat Madalyası) and Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Achievement (TSK Başarı Madalyası).

## Books

* Mücadele ve Çözüm (PKK Bölücü Terörü), Nergiz Yayınları, 2013
# Naohito Ishii

Naohito lshii (born 25 December 1963) is a Japanese taekwondo practitioner. He competed in the men's finweight at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Olympus E-30

The Olympus E-30 is a Four Thirds System camera produced between December 2008 and about 2011. It was the only two-digit model in the E DSLR series, positioned between the Olympus E-520 and the E-3 cameras in terms of size, weight, capabilities and price. It was sold in a kit with the Olympus Zuiko Digital 14-54mm f/2.8-3.5 II lens.
# Oecetis inconspicua

Oecetis inconspicua is a species of long-horned caddisfly in the family Leptoceridae. It is found in North America.
# Michele Limon

Michele Limon is an Italian research scientist at the University of Pennsylvania. Limon studied physics at the Università degli Studi di Milano in Milan, Italy and completed his post-doctoral work at the University of California, Berkeley. He has been conducting research for more than 30 years and has experience in the design of ground, balloon and space-based instrumentation. His academic specialties include Astrophysics, Cosmology, Instrumentation Development, and Cryogenics.
As a research scientist at Princeton University from 1996 to 2001, Limon worked on the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) project with NASA. WMAP was a NASA Explorer mission that launched June 2001 to make fundamental measurements of cosmology-the study of the properties of the universe as a whole. WMAP was extremely successful, producing the new Standard Model of Cosmology. Limon continued working on WMAP at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from 2001 to 2008. Limon and the WMAP team received the 2012 Gruber Yale Cosmology Prize and 2018 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for their contributions to modern cosmology.
In 2008, Limon moved to Columbia University as a research scientist to build the E and B Experiment (EBEX), a balloon-borne microwave telescope designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It collected data during an 11-day science flight over Antarctica. Limon is currently working on the Simons Observatory, a suite of ground-based telescopes in the Atacama Desert in Chile designed to measure the intensity and polarization of the CMB. The Simons Observatory aims to reveal information about the contents and energy density of matter in the Universe and test theories of inflation.
# 1405 in France

Events from the year 1405 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles VI

## Events

* 6 May - Siege of Mercq takes place between France and England during the Hundred Years War
* Unknown - Christine de Pizan writes The Book of the City of Ladies

## Deaths

* 29 May - Philippe de Mézières, royal advisor (born 1327)
# Myers Park

Myers Park may refer to:
* Myers Park, Auckland, New Zealand
* Myers Park (Charlotte), a neighbourhood in Charlotte, North Carolina
* Myers Park, Collin County, Texas
# Mariager Municipality

Until 1 January 2007 Mariager municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Aarhus County on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 201 km$^2$, and had a total population of 8,300 (2005). Its last mayor was Erik Kirkegaard Mikkelsen, a member of the Conservative People's Party (Det Konservative Folkeparti) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Mariager.
Mariager municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). Part of it was merged with existing Arden, Hadsund, and Hobro municipalities to form the new Mariagerfjord municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 769 km$^2$ and a total population of 43,049 (2005) belonging to Region Nordjylland ("North Jutland Region"). The remainder was merged into an enlarged Randers municipality.
# Pen-bont-rhyd-y-beddau

Pen-bont-rhyd-y-beddau (also spelled as Pen-bont Rhydybeddau or Pen-Bont-Rhyd-y-Beddau) is a small village in the community of Trefeurig, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 73.7 miles (118.6 km) from Cardiff and 174.8 miles (281.3 km) from London. Pen-bont-rhyd-y-beddau is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones and the Member of Parliament is Ben Lake both representing Plaid Cymru.
# DOS Shell

DOS Shell is a file manager that debuted in MS-DOS and PC DOS version 4.0, released in June 1988. It was no longer included in MS-DOS version 6, but remained part of the Supplemental Disk. The Supplemental Disk could be ordered or could be downloaded through Microsoft's FTP server. DOS Shell was retained in PC DOS until PC DOS 2000.

## Overview

DOS Shell was one of the first successful attempts to create a basic graphical user interface (GUI) type file manager in DOS, although it is properly referred to as a text user interface (TUI) or Character-Oriented Windows (COW) even though graphical modes were available on supported hardware (VGA-equipped PCs). The shell is very much like a DOS version of File Manager found in Windows up to versions 3.11 and NT 3.51, and File Explorer on later versions.
An early incarnation of DOS Shell, titled MS-DOS Manager, was bundled exclusively with the Eazy PC, an IBM PC clone manufactured by Zenith Data Systems in 1987.
In MS-DOS 4.x and 5.x, the program was implemented as COM file (DOSSHELL.COM). In MS-DOS 6 the executable had an .EXE filename extension (DOSSHELL.EXE).

## Features

The shell includes common features seen in other file managers such as copying, moving and renaming files as well as the ability to launch applications with a double-click. The shell could be run by the command "DOSSHELL". It had the ability to set simple colours and styles.
The shell also has a help system, a program list, and a task swapper. Like many modern file managers, it had the ability to display dual hierarchy directory and file lists, i.e. left and right panes, displaying both a list of directory contents and the hierarchical file path to the current working directory. A mouse was supported, however, like any other DOS application, it required an appropriate device driver.
One feature was the ability to list all files on a hard drive in a single alphabetized list along with the path and other attributes. This permitted the user to compare versions of a file in different directories by their attributes and easily spot duplicates.

## Shortcomings

DOS Shell was incapable of full multitasking. It supported rudimentary task switching; it could switch between programs running in memory, at the cost of performance hit. However, all the running programs had to fit into conventional memory area, as there was no support for swapping to disk.
In time, Windows 3.1x, with its own graphical user interface, became much more popular among computer users. Windows was capable of multitasking. System performance was much higher, with complete access to extended memory.
# Noeleen Comiskey

Noeleen Comiskey is an actress who played the recurring character of Marta Shirovs in EastEnders. Other television roles include Sarah Webb in Casualty, Hayley Nichols in Doctors and Nathalia Volkov in Legends, starring Sean Bean. She has also previously appeared in Law & Order: UK and The Bill.

## Career

Noeleen Comiskey has appeared in a number of television programmes including Big Train, Law & Order:UK, Casualty, Doctors and Legends. From 2014 to 2015, she played Marta Shirovs in the BBC One soap Eastenders. The character was the wife of Aleks Shirovs (Kristian Kiehling) and originally appeared with their daughter Ineta (Gledisa Osmani) before all three ultimately return to Latvia together.
She has appeared in a number of films including The Search for Simon, Winter Ridge and The Angel of Auschwitz in which she starred as Stanislawa Leczenska.
In 2019, she played the dangerous Ms M in the feature film Criminal Audition, which premiered at FrightFest 2019, and for which she received positive reviews.
She appears in the 2021 film The Obscure Life of the Grand Duke of Corsica, starring Timothy Spall.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | A Bit Older and a Little Bit Taller | Waitress | Short film |
| 2013 | Project Kronos | Clare Frishluft | Short film |
| 2013 | The Search for Simon | Eloise Eldritch | |
| 2014 | I.R.I.S. | Mission Control officer | Short film |
| 2014 | Snake Pit | Zoe 'CJ' Hunter | Short film |
| 2015 | The Song Plays On | Alice | Short film |
| 2016 | Spaceman | Doreen | |
| 2016 | The Dependents | The Boss | |
| 2017 | Imagineer | Joseph's Mother | Short film |
| 2017 | The Beyond | Jessica Johnson | |
| 2018 | Winter Ridge | Jane Evans | |
| 2018 | The Guard of Auschwitz | Angel | |
| 2019 | The Angel of Auschwitz | Stanisława Leszczyńska | |
| 2019 | A Secret Journey | Protester 1 | Short film |
| 2019 | Criminal Audition | Ms M | |
| 2021 | The Obscure Life of the Grand Duke of Corsica | Lucy | |
| 2022 | Prizefighter: The Life of Jem Belcher | Violet | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | The Armando Iannucci Shows | Fran | |
| 2002 | Big Train | Dr Schtein | |
| 2009 | The Bill | Clara Nowak | Episode: "Psychiatric Help" |
| 2010 | Law & Order: UK | Amber | Episode: "Anonymous" |
| 2014-2015 | Eastenders | Marta Shirovs | 7 episodes |
| 2015 | Casualty | Sarah Webb | Episode: "Knock Knock Who's There?" |
| 2015 | Doctors | Hayley Nichols | Episode: "Milk" |
| 2015 | Legends | Nathalia Volkov | Episode: "The Legend of Alexei Volkov" |
| 2017 | The Desert | Brenda | 6 episodes |
| 2017 | Casualty | Karla Warrington | Episode: "Binge Britain" |
| 2023 | Doctors | Amy Jenson | Episode: "Tender Sting" |
# Nokomis Township

Nokomis Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Nokomis Township, Montgomery County, Illinois
* Nokomis Township, Buena Vista County, Iowa
# .50 Remington Navy

The .50 Remington Navy / 13x21mmRF is a .50 in (12.7 mm) American rimfire handgun cartridge.

## History

Introduced for the Remington Navy single-shot, rolling block pistol in 1865, the low-velocity round loaded a 290 gr (19 g; 0.66 oz) bullet over 23 gr (1.5 g; 0.053 oz) of black powder.
The rimfire version was replaced in 1866 by a centerfire equivalent. A Boxer-primed version remained commercially available until World War I.
The power of the .50 Remington was less than average, but the heavy bullet, even at comparatively low velocity, made it "a rather potent handgun round".
# Noley Thornton

Noley Thornton is a former television and film actress who was active in U.S. media from 1990 through 1998.
In the early 1990s, Thornton was nominated for a Young Artist Award twice. Once in the category of "Best Youth Actress in a TV Miniseries, Movie-of-the-Week, or TV Movie” for her lead role as the title character of the Disney Channel mini-series Heidi (1993) and the following year in the category “Best Performance: Young Actress in a TV Comedy Series" at the 16th Youth in Film Awards for her starring role in The Martin Short Show.

## Filmography

Film and television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1990 | Fine Things | Jane O'Reilly | Television film based on the novel of the same name |
| 1991 | The Giant of Thunder Mountain | Amy Wilson | Film |
| 1991 | Defending Your Life | Victorian Girl | Film |
| 1991 | Quantum Leap | Lea | Episode: "Dreams" |
| 1992 | It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown | Leland’s sister (voice) | Voice role; television film |
| 1992 | Star Trek: The Next Generation | Clara Sutter | Episode: "Imaginary Friend" |
| 1992 | A Private Matter | Carol Callaghan | Television film |
| 1993 | Heidi | Heidi | Television adaptation (Disney Channel) |
| 1993 | L.A. Law | Emily Gelleher | Episode: "The Green, Green Grass of Home" |
| 1994 | Star Trek: Deep Space Nine | Taya | Episode: "Shadowplay" |
| 1994 | The Martin Short Show | Caroline Short | Television series |
| 1994-1995 | Beverly Hills, 90210 | Erica | Recurring role |
| 1996 | The Little Riders | Joanne Hunter | Television film |
# 10th Virginia Regiment

The 10th Virginia Regiment was raised on December 28, 1775, in western Virginia for service with the Continental Army. The regiment would see action at the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston. Most of the regiment was captured at Charlestown, South Carolina, on May 12, 1780, by the British and the regiment was formally disbanded on November 15, 1783.