OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Operation Left Jab

Operation Left Jab was the first military offensive launched against the Sihanouk Trail extension of the Ho Chi Minh Trail during the Second Indochina War. It was the first battalion-sized operation waged by the Royal Lao Army against the communists in Military Region 4. Carried out between 21 and 26 June 1969, the assault interdicted Route 110 of the Sihanouk Trail for its planned three-day stoppage of military supplies. The Royalist guerrillas of Special Guerrilla Unit 2 then evaded an approaching counterattack and regrouped in friendly territory. Operation Left Jab had cleared the way for Operation Diamond Arrow.

## Overview

Located in the southern panhandle of the territory of the Kingdom of Laos, the Ho Chi Minh Trail was the logistics backbone of the communist forces during the Second Indochina War, as it was the main supply route for Viet Cong and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces fighting in South Vietnam. At the southern end of the Ho Chi Trail was a dirt road, Route 110, and a surrounding network of logistical trails running into Cambodia that comprised the Sihanouk Trail. The Sihanouk Trail connected the Ho Chi Minh Trail with the deep water ocean port of Sihanoukville, the entry point for thousands of tons of communist war materiel. From December 1966 through April 1969, over 21,000 tons of ordnance entered the Sihanouk Trail from the post of Sihanoukville; it was estimated there were sufficient crew-served weapons to equip 240 battalions, and small arms enough for 585 battalions.
Operation Left Jab was the first of a number of military operations waged against the Trail in southern Laos, including missions such as Operation Maeng Da, Operation Honorable Dragon, and Operation Junction City Jr., that originated in Laos.

## Operation Left Jab

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had trained the first Royalist Lao guerrilla battalions in Military Region 4 (MR 4) of Laos. One of them was selected to undertake MR 4's first battalion-sized operation; they were tasked to temporarily cut Route 110 and clog the logistic network of the Sihanouk Trail leading into Cambodia. A secondary mission was spotting targets for future air strikes. Staging out of Pakse Site 38 on 21 June 1969, 2 SGU Battalion (2 SGU) was helilifted southeastward into the offensive by a mixed fleet of 21st Special Operations Squadron and Air America helicopters. Accompanied by four A-1E Skyraiders for air cover, 2 SGU met no resistance at their landing zone on muddy Route 110. The 350 guerrillas settled in, laying defensive land mines. Only one feasible air target occurred, though, when a communist force of approximately 180 closed in on a Royalist road block. Tactical air strikes scattered that potential counterattack.

## Aftermath

After cutting the communist supply lines between Cambodia, Laos and South Vietnam for three days, 2 SGU withdrew in the face of gathering PAVN forces. Their interdiction having diverted communist offensive pressure from the Royalist garrison at Attopeu, 2 SGU now evaded the PAVN and regrouped there on 26 June 1969. The successful Left Jab cleared the way for the Royalists to launch Operation Diamond Arrow.
# Cregg

Cregg is a surname of Irish origin. People with the name include:
* C. J. Cregg, a fictional character in TV series The West Wing
* Cathal Cregg, Irish Gaelic footballer
* Huey Lewis, American musician (birth name Hugh Anthony Cregg III)
* James Cregg, American football coach
* Patrick Cregg, Irish footballer
# Bob Entrop

Christiaan Johannes (Bob) Entrop (16 November 1917, The Hague - 3 July 1987, The Hague) was a Dutch malacologist.
Entrop was the author of the popular 1959 book Schelpen vinden en herkennen (Thieme - Zutphen, 3e printing 1972, 320 p.) and the booklet Schelpen die men kan vinden. 120 Europese schelpen in kleuren (Thieme - Zutphen, 1975, 72 p.).
In 1966 he started a private museum called In de schulp to house his own collection, of over 250,000 shells from 200 families. It formed the basis for the Zeemuseum, which later became part of Muzee Scheveningen.
During World War II, Entrop was a prisoner of war in Stalag IV-B in Germany. With fellow prisoner Joh. Mulder he wrote the book Prikkeldraad ("Barbed Wire", 1946). His son, the filmmaker Bob Entrop Jr., made a movie of the same title, in which seven former POWs give their account of their period in the camp.
# Polyschides

Polyschides is a genus of gadilid tusk shell (scaphopod).

## Species

* Polyschides andersoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998
* Polyschides arnaudi Scarabino, 1995
* Polyschides arnoensis Maxwell, 1992 †
* Polyschides carolinensis (Bush, 1885)
* Polyschides cayrei Scarabino, 2008
* Polyschides cuspidatus (Nicklès, 1979)
* Polyschides fausta Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971
* Polyschides foweyensis (Henderson, 1920)
* Polyschides gibbosus (Verco, 1911)
* Polyschides grandis (Verrill, 1884)
* Polyschides kaiyomaruae Okutani, 1975
* Polyschides kapuaensis Maxwell, 1992 †
* Polyschides miamiensis (Henderson, 1920)
* Polyschides nedallisoni (Emerson, 1978)
* Polyschides nitidus (Henderson, 1920)
* Polyschides noronhensis Simone, 2009
* Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835)
* Polyschides pelamidae Chistikov, 1979
* Polyschides portoricensis (Henderson, 1920)
* Polyschides quadrifissatus (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)
* Polyschides rushii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)
* Polyschides sakuraii (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961)
* Polyschides spectabilis (A. E. Verrill, 1885)
* Polyschides sutherlandi Lamprell & Healy, 1998
* Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879)
* Polyschides tetrodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898)
* Polyschides vietnamicus Chistikov, 1979
* Polyschides wareni Scarabino, 2008
* Polyschides xavante Caetano & Absalão, 2005

### Synonyms

* Polyschides agassizii (Dall, 1881): synonym of Gadila agassizii (Dall, 1881)
* Polyschides bushiae (Dall, 1889): synonym of Gadila bushii (Dall, 1889)
* Polyschides californicus (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898): synonym of Cadulus californicus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898
* Polyschides elongatus (Henderson, 1920): synonym of Gadila elongata (Henderson, 1920)
* Polyschides pandionis (Verrill & S. Smith [in Verrill], 1880): synonym of Gadila pandionis (A. E. Verrill & S. Smith, 1880)
* Polyschides pelamide [sic]: synonym of Polyschides pelamidae Chistikov, 1979 (misspelling)
* Polyschides poculum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Gadila pocula (Dall, 1889)
* Polyschides poculus (Dall, 1889): synonym of Gadila pocula (Dall, 1889) (new combination)
* Polyschides summa Okutani, 1964: synonym of Siphonodentalium summa (Okutani, 1964) (original combination)
* Polyschides tetraschistum (R. B. Watson, 1879): synonym of Polyschides tetraschistus (R. B. Watson, 1879)
* Polyschides tolmiei (Dall, 1897): synonym of Gadila tolmiei (Dall, 1897)
# Boxing at the 1994 Asian Games – Men's 60 kg

The men's lightweight boxing competition at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima, Japan was held from 4 to 13 October 1994 at Naka Ward Sports Center.
The boxers receive points for every successful punch they land on their opponent's head or upper body. The boxer with the most points at the end of the bouts wins. If a boxer is knocked to the ground and cannot get up before the referee counts to 10 then the bout is over and the opponent wins.

## Schedule

All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 4 October 1994 | 15:00 | 1st round |
| Friday, 7 October 1994 | 15:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Monday, 10 October 1994 | 17:00 | Semifinals |
| Thursday, 13 October 1994 | 14:00 | Final |

## Results
### Legend

* RSC — Won by referee stop contest
* WO — Won by walkover
| 1st round | 1st round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| | | Mohammad Homayun (AFG) | 4 | | | | |
| | | Jamaan Al-Seghaier (KSA) | 5 | | | | |
| | | | | Jamaan Al-Seghaier (KSA) | | | |
| Nurlan Kalybayev (KAZ) | 7 | | | Tsuyoshi Yaegashi (JPN) | RSC | | |
| Tsuyoshi Yaegashi (JPN) | 9 | Tsuyoshi Yaegashi (JPN) | 11 | | | | |
| Victor Ramos (INA) | 5 | Tümentsetsegiin Üitümen (MGL) | 6 | | | | |
| Tümentsetsegiin Üitümen (MGL) | 14 | | | | | Tsuyoshi Yaegashi (JPN) | RSC |
| Kim Jong-kil (KOR) | 10 | | | | | Chaleo Somwong (THA) | |
| Bekmyrat Durdyýew (TKM) | 14 | Bekmyrat Durdyýew (TKM) | 19 | | | | |
| Vongkot Chinda (LAO) | 2 | Hussein Osman (SYR) | 18 | | | | |
| Hussein Osman (SYR) | 11 | | | Bekmyrat Durdyýew (TKM) | | | |
| Pejman Chalak (IRI) | 8 | | | Chaleo Somwong (THA) | WO | | |
| Romeo Brin (PHI) | 13 | Romeo Brin (PHI) | 12 | | | | |
| Chaleo Somwong (THA) | 7 | Chaleo Somwong (THA) | 16 | | | | |
| Arshad Hussain (PAK) | 5 | | | | | | |
# 2011 PBZ Zagreb Indoors

The 2011 PBZ Zagreb Indoors was an ATP tennis tournament played on hard courts indoors. It was the 9th overall edition of the PBZ Zagreb Indoors, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place in Zagreb, Croatia from January 30 through February 6, 2011.

## ATP entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| CRO | Marin Čilić | 14 | 1 |
| CRO | Ivan Ljubičić | 16 | 2 |
| ESP | Guillermo García López | 32 | 3 |
| FRA | Richard Gasquet | 33 | 4 |
| GER | Florian Mayer | 36 | 5 |
| ESP | Marcel Granollers | 42 | 6 |
| GER | Philipp Petzschner | 57 | 7 |
| GER | Michael Berrer | 61 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of January 17, 2011

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Nikola Mektić
* Franko Škugor
* Antonio Veić
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Alex Bogomolov Jr.
* Blaž Kavčič
* Stefan Koubek
* Dušan Lajović

## Champions
### Singles

Ivan Dodig def. Michael Berrer, 6–3, 6–4
* It was Dodig's first career title.

### Doubles

Dick Norman / Horia Tecău def. Marcel Granollers / Marc López, 6–3, 6–4
# Ted Whelan

Alfred Edward Whelan (6 December 1929 – 22 June 2015) was a champion player for the Port Adelaide Football Club winning seven premierships during his career. He was the first Port Adelaide player to reach 200 league games.
Whelan went to Le Fevre Boys Technical School.
Whelan won Port Adelaide's best and fairest award in 1956 and finished runner-up in the award on two other occasions.
# Times Square Building (disambiguation)

Times Square Building may refer to the following buildings:
* The Times Square Building (formerly known as The New York Times Building), the Times headquarters on 43rd Street from 1913 to 2007
* Times Square Building in Seattle, WA (formerly the Times Building), formerly housed editorial operations of the Seattle Times newspaper
* Times Square Building (formerly the Genesee Valley Trust Building) in Rochester, NY
# Athletics at the 1995 Pan American Games – Men's 400 metres

The men's 400 metres event at the 1995 Pan American Games was held at the Estadio Atletico "Justo Roman" on 18 and 19 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Norberto Téllez Cuba | Omar Mena Cuba | Eswort Coombs Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | Omar Meña | Cuba | 46.23 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Chris Jones | United States | 46.24 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Michael McDonald | Jamaica | 46.26 | q |
| 4 | 1 | Norberto Téllez | Cuba | 46.29 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | Ian Morris | Trinidad and Tobago | 46.61 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | Eswort Coombs | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 46.64 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | Wendell Gaskin | United States | 46.66 | q |
| 8 | 1 | Wenceslao Ferrín | Colombia | 46.91 | Q |
| 9 | 1 | Orville Taylor | Jamaica | 46.91 | |
| 10 | 2 | Inaldo Sena | Brazil | 46.96 | |
| 11 | 2 | Llimy Rivas | Colombia | 47.32 | |
| 12 | 3 | Raymundo Escalante | Mexico | 47.60 | |
| 13 | 1 | Alvin Daniel | Trinidad and Tobago | 47.75 | |
| 14 | 1 | Delon Felix | Grenada | 48.54 | |
| 15 | 2 | Guillermo Cacián | Argentina | 48.81 | |
| 16 | 3 | Gustavo Aguirre | Argentina | 48.84 | |
| 17 | 3 | Elroy Shaw | Belize | 54.24 | |
| | 1 | Kenmore Hughes | Antigua and Barbuda | DNS | |
| | 3 | Carl Oliver | Bahamas | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Norberto Téllez | Cuba | 45.38 |
| | Omar Meña | Cuba | 45.64 |
| | Eswort Coombs | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 45.68 |
| 4 | Ian Morris | Trinidad and Tobago | 45.75 |
| 5 | Chris Jones | United States | 45.82 |
| 6 | Wendell Gaskin | United States | 45.86 |
| 7 | Wenceslao Ferrín | Colombia | 46.16 |
| 8 | Michael McDonald | Jamaica | 46.21 |
# Cregg Mill

Cregg Mill may refer to:
* Cregg Mill, County Galway, Ireland
* Cregg Mill, Isle of Man, historic site among Registered Buildings and Conservation Areas of the Isle of Man
# Plasmodium percygarnhami

Plasmodium percygarnhami is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Vinckeia. As in all Plasmodium species, P. percygarnhami has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are mammals.

## Taxonomy

The parasite was first described by Landau et al. in 1989.

## Distribution

This species is found in Madagascar.

## Hosts

The only known host is the lemur Lemur macaco macaco.
# Polyschisis

Polyschisis is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Polyschisis hirtipes (Olivier, 1792)
* Polyschisis melanaria White, 1853
* Polyschisis rufitarsalis Waterhouse, 1880
* Polyschisis tucumana Di Iorio, 2003
# Brachyglottis sciadophila

Brachyglottis sciadophila, commonly known as climbing groundsel, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It has long stems with small green leaves and bright yellow flowers. It is the only climbing daisy (Asteraceae is the daisy family) which has yellow flowers that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Description

Brachyglottis sciadophila is a flowering plant with 5 m long woody stems. It is a climber and can be usually found growing over plants or in mats along the ground. When young, the stems are hairy but as it matures they grow papery bark which easily peels off. The leaves are oval shaped 1.5–3 by 1.5–3 cm and have soft hairs on both sides. They are sharply toothed and grow from 2 cm long slender petioles. It has yellow flowers which have capitula that are less than 1 cm in diameter and come in small panicles. The pedicels are covered with many tiny hairs and the involucre are 5 mm long. Achenes are 1–5 mm long hispidulous (minutely hispid, meaning covered in tiny stiff hairs), and have 4 mm long pappus hairs.
* The flowers
* Top side of the leaf

## Etymology

Brachyglottis comes from the two Greek words: brachys, meaning short, and glottis which is the vocal apparatus of the larynx. Sciadophila is made up of two Greek words: skia meaning shade, and philios meaning loving. Hence sciadophila means shade-loving.
# Peramea

Peramea is a village located in the municipality of Baix Pallars, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 80.

## Geography

Peramea is located 121km north-northeast of Lleida.
# O'Neil, Florida

O'Neil is an unincorporated community in Nassau County, Florida, United States. It is located on State Road 200, to the east of Yulee and the west of Fernandina Beach, between Lanceford Creek and Kingsley Creek.

## Geography

O'Neil is located at 30°37′02″N 81°30′52″W﻿ / ﻿30.6172°N 81.5144°W﻿ / 30.6172; -81.5144 (30.6172, -81.5144).
# Pachymasiphis porulatus

Pachymasiphis porulatus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.
# Orcula pseudodolium

Orcula pseudodolium is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orculidae. This species is endemic to Austria.
# Moms at War

Moms at War is a 2018 Nigerian comedy drama movie directed by Omoni Oboli. It stars Funke Akindele as well as Michelle Dede, the former of whom won an award for her role as Best Actress in a Comedy (Movie/TV Series) at the 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards.
The film is a collaboration between Inkblot, FilmOne, and Dioni Visions. It was premiered in August 2018 at the Filmhouse Cinemas in Lekki, Lagos. It was released on August 17, 2018.

## Synopsis

It tells the story of two mothers who compete against each other to ensure success in the lives of their children, particularly in a scholarship competition.
Omoni Oboli says she was inspired to write and direct the movie because of her own childhood experiences.
# Bogado

Bogado is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ariel Bogado, Paraguayan footballer
* Cristian Bogado, Paraguayan footballer
* Diego Bogado, Argentine footballer
* Emiliano Bogado, Argentine footballer
* Floro Bogado, Argentine politician, lawyer and diplomat
* Juan Mathias Bogado, Argentine footballer
* Mariangee Bogado, Venezuelan softball player
* Martín Bogado, Argentine rugby union player
* Mauro Bogado, Argentine footballer
* Rolando Bogado, Paraguayan footballer
# Podospongiidae

Podospongiidae is a family of sponges in the order Poecilosclerida.

## Taxonomy

* Diacarnus Burton, 1934
* Diplopodospongia Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2011
* Negombata de Laubenfels, 1936
* Neopodospongia Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2011
* Podospongia du Bocage, 1869
* Sceptrintus Topsent, 1898
* Sigmosceptrella Dendy, 1922
# Tcherikover

Tcherikover (also transliterated Tcherikower, Tsherikover, Tscherikower, or Cherikover) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elias Tcherikower (1881–1943), Historian of Jewish life and anti-Jewish violence in the Russian Empire; co-founder of YIVO
* Victor Tcherikover (1894–1958), Russian-Israeli scholar
# OSBPL3

Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSBPL3 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors. Most members contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
# Pachymatisma johnstonia

Pachymatisma johnstonia is a species of sponge belonging to the family Geodiidae. A species of the north-eastern Atlantic coasts, this is a usually grey encrusting sponge with large prominent oscula and a pale yellow interior. The size and form depends largely on the extent of its exposure to waves. In heavily wave-exposed locations, it is usually small and thin but in more sheltered places can grow to over 50 cm across and 15 cm thick.
# Moms Clean Air Force

Moms Clean Air Force is a nonprofit, grassroots environmental advocacy group, based in the United States, which focuses on protecting children from air pollution. It has chapters in 26 states and more than a million members, and is politically neutral or, in its own words, "mom-partisan". It was co-founded in 2011 by Dominique Browning in partnership with Hanne Grantham and Sue Mandel of the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). It also campaigns on related issues such as toxic chemicals and climate change. Recent campaigns have included calling for the electrification of diesel school buses and supporting President Joe Biden's Build Back Better Plan.
# Bob Ingersoll

Robert Ingersoll (born October 13, 1952) is an American lawyer and writer. Ingersoll's full-time occupation was an appellate attorney with the Cuyahoga County Public Defender Office in Cleveland, Ohio, until he retired in 2009. He is more widely known for his writing, in particular his work in comic books.

## Career

Comic series he has written for include Donald Duck, The Green Hornet, House of Mystery, Justice Machine, Mickey Mouse, Moon Knight and Star Trek: All of Me. He was also a frequent contributor for Innovation Comics where he contributed to the Lost in Space and Quantum Leap comic books as well as being the regular writer on Hero Alliance.
Since 1983 Ingersoll has written "The Law Is a Ass" (sic; the title comes from Mr. Bumble's dialogue in Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist and preserves the character's grammatical error), a regular column in Comics Buyer's Guide, which was also published online by World Famous Comics.com from 1999 to 2003. The column examines the depiction of the law in comics and other fiction and compares it humorously to the reality of legal practice. On February 14, 2014 Ingersoll revived "The Law Is a Ass" on the ComicMix web site.
He is also the writer of several prose works. He wrote the horror story Making the Leap which was published in Hot Blood XI: Fatal Attractions (2003, ISBN 0-7582-0099-4). He is the co-author (with his fellow Comic Buyer's Guide columnist Tony Isabella) of the short story If Wishes Were Horses... (which was published in The Ultimate Super Villains, ISBN 1-57297-113-4, in 1996) and the novels Captain America: Liberty's Torch (1998 ISBN 0-425-16619-8) and Star Trek: The Case Of The Colonist's Corpse (A Sam Cogley Mystery) (2003, ISBN 0-7434-6497-4). He is co-author (with fellow comic-book creator Thomas F. Zahler) of the short story "'Til Death", which was published in Star Trek: The Next Generation: The Sky's the Limit in 2007.
In 1987 (in the pages of Secret Origins #14), writer John Ostrander named a piece of legislation in the fictional DC universe the "Ingersoll Amendment".
# Podosphaeraster

Podosphaeraster is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the monotypic family Podosphaerasteridae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Malesia, Australia.
Species:
* Podosphaeraster gustavei Rowe, 1985
* Podosphaeraster polyplax A.M.Clark, 1962
* Podosphaeraster pulvinatus Rowe & Nichols, 1980
* Podosphaeraster somnambulator McKnight, 2006
* Podosphaeraster thalassae Cherbonnier, 1970
* Podosphaeraster toyoshiomaruae Fujita & Rowe, 2002
# Brain freeze (disambiguation)

Brain freeze is an alternative name for a cold-stimulus headache.
Brain freeze may also refer to:
* Brainfreeze (album), 1999 live mix album by DJ Shadow and Cut Chemist
* Brain Freeze (film), a 2021 zombie film directed by Julien Knafo
* Brain Freeze, 2007 book in the Otto Undercover miniseries
* Brain Freeze, parody song in The Simpsons' episode "That '90s Show"
* "Brain Freeze", episode from the 17th season of Arthur
* "Brain Freeze", series finale of the show Fanboy & Chum Chum
* "Brain Freeze", trademark used on the 7-eleven slurpee
# Ted Brown (baseball)

Ted Brown is an American former Negro league shortstop who played in the 1940s.
Brown played for the Baltimore Elite Giants in 1943. In five recorded games, he posted six hits in 19 plate appearances.
# Ocean Giants

Ocean Giants is a 2011 British nature documentary series narrated by actor Stephen Fry. The series is a production of the BBC Natural History Unit, and premiered on 14 August 2011. The documentaries focus on the life of dolphins and whales. The series includes film crew members who worked on the series Planet Earth. The cameramen featured in the show are Doug Allen, a winner of four Emmys and four BAFTAs for his work on filming marine mammals, and Didier Noirot, known for working with marine conservationist Jacques Cousteau.
The series consists of three episodes, each an hour long. The first episode, Giant Lives, focuses on humpback whales and blue whales, The second, Deep Thinkers, explores the cognitive abilities of dolphins. The third and final episode, Voices of the Sea, investigates the vocalizations of dolphins and whales. The series was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 6 March 2012 by BBC Home Entertainment, but only for the United States.

## Reception

The series premiered with 5.45 million viewers. Critical reception of the series was mixed. Benji Wilson of The Daily Telegraph criticized the first episode for being "underwhelming," writing that although the series showcased plenty of footage of the whales, "it’s hard for television to communicate their awesome bigness." Amol Rajan of The Independent voiced a similar concern, pointing out that "there was a failure to convey the sheer size of these beasts because the only thing we had to compare them with was each other." Rajan did praise the show for its underwater photography, calling it "stunning." Phil Hogan of The Guardian disliked the slow pacing of the series, writing that "it seemed to take hours to get [the whales] in and out of shot." Hogan commented that it was difficult to distinguish scenes of the humpback whales in battle with scenes of the whales merely swimming, although "there was action to be had... with killer whales."