OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Circular delivery company

In postal history, a circular delivery company was a type of company which operated in Great Britain between 1865 and 1869 to deliver circulars and other printed matter at rates lower than the British Post Office charged. The service was outlawed in 1869 and a new cheaper postage rate for printed matter was introduced in 1870. The stamps issued by the companies are much sought after by philatelists.

## Origins

The first such company was the Edinburgh and Leith Circular Delivery Company set up by Robert Brydone in 1865. Brydone undertook to deliver circulars within the boundaries of Edinburgh and Leith for one farthing each. He also delivered parcels which were not covered by the Post Office's monopoly. Brydone, a printer by trade, was declared bankrupt in 1866 but moved to London to form the London Circular Delivery Company which merged with the Metropolitan Circular Delivery Company in 1867.

## Spread

Further companies soon sprang up, some of which were connected with Brydone. They included:
* Aberdeen Circular Delivery Company
* Circular Delivery Company Limited
* Clarke & Co. Edinburgh
* Dundee Circular Delivery Company
* Edinburgh & Leith Parcel Delivery Company
* Glasgow Circular Delivery Company
* Liverpool Circular Delivery Company
* London & Metropolitan Circular Delivery Company
* National Circular Delivery Company

## Demise

The spread of the circular delivery companies soon attracted the attention of the Post Office who had a legal monopoly on the collection and delivery of letters. In August 1867 the Post Office brought a legal action against the London & Metropolitan Circular Delivery Company for infringing their monopoly, which case they won, and the various companies are thought to have stopped operating by September 1867.

## Legacy

The demand for cheaper rates for printed materials was self-evident and on 1 October 1870 the British Post Office issued the first half penny stamp to pay the new reduced charge for printed papers, the small 1/2d bantam.

## Collecting

The stamps appear only in specialist catalogues. Many are thought to have been forged and some may have been produced purely for philatelic purposes and to have never seen genuine use. For these reasons, collectors prefer to collect the stamps on cover, however, such covers are rare. The stamps are classed as cinderellas or stamps for a local post.
# Clancy (band)

Clancy were a British rock group, prominent in the pub rock scene of the early 1970s. They issued two albums on Warner Bros. Records, but did not achieve chart success.

## History

In mid-1973, Ian Gomm of Brinsley Schwarz introduced Colin Bass (of the Foundations and Velvet Opera) who Gomm had played with in the Daisy Showband, to Ernie Graham (of Eire Apparent and Help Yourself) and Jonathan "Jojo" Glemser (also of Help Yourself) who Gomm had played with on the Downhome Rhythm Kings tour. Together with drummer Steve Brendell (ex-Matchbox) and Dave Vasco (also formerly of the Foundations), they formed Clancy, who became part of London’s growing pub rock scene. They briefly signed with Island Records, but were dropped after differences with producer Muff Winwood.
In late 1973, first Brendell and then Glemser left, being replaced by George Butler and Dave Skinner (formerly with Uncle Dog). When Butler left, he was replaced by drummer Barry Ford and percussionist Gaspar Lawal. The line up then stabilised, and Clancy signed with Warner Bros. Records for whom they release two albums Seriously Speaking in 1974 and Every Day in 1975. Neither album achieved chart success and Clancy split in 1976.

## Personnel

* Colin Bass (bass, vocals)
* Jonathan "Jojo" Glemser (guitar, vocals)
* Ernie Graham (guitar, vocals)
* Gasper Lawal (percussion)
* Dave Vasco (guitar)
* David Skinner (keyboards, vocals)
* Barry Ford (drums, vocals)
* Jim Cuomo (sax)
* Sam Mitchell guested on dobro on Every Day

## Discography
### Albums

* Seriously Speaking (1974) Warner Brothers (1975 in US) - Re-released on CD (2004) Vivid
* Every Day (1975) Warner - Re-released on CD (2004) Vivid

### Singles

* "Back On Love" / "Steal Away" (1974) Warner
* "Baby Don't You Do It" / "Everything's Gonna Be Fine" (1975) Warner
* "Good Judgement" / "Leavin' Town" (1975) Warner
* "You Have Made My Life So Sweet" /" Stealaway" (1978) Warner
# Miami Heights, Ohio

Miami Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Miami Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 5,166 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Miami Heights is located 14 miles (23 km) northwest of downtown Cincinnati. Ohio State Route 264 (Bridgetown Road) is the main road through the community, running east into Mack and Bridgetown and west into Cleves. Its neighbors are Grandview to the north, Mack to the east and south, North Bend to the southwest, and Cleves to the west.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2020, there were 5,166 people living in the CDP, for a population density of 1,346.01 people per square mile (519.68/km$^2$). There were 1,906 housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.9% White, 0.8% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from some other race, and 3.2% from two or more races. 0.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 1,828 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 16.3% had a female householder with no spouse present. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57, and the average family size was 3.02.
22.1% of the CDP's population were under the age of 18, 54.3% were 18 to 64, and 23.6% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.1. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males.
According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the CDP was $106,005, and the median income for a family was $114,357. About 2.3% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 1.2% of those age 65 or over. About 62.1% of the population were employed, and 38.4% had a bachelor's degree or higher.
# Ceratocaryum

Ceratocaryum is a group of plants in the Restionaceae described as a genus in 1836. The entire genus is endemic to Cape Province in South Africa.
Two species in this genus, Ceratocaryum argenteum and Ceratocaryum pulchrum, have an unusual seed dispersal method. Its berries mimic the appearance and smell of antelope droppings. This tricks dung beetles into gathering and burying them.

## Species

* Ceratocaryum argenteum Nees ex Kunth
* Ceratocaryum caespitosum H.P.Linder
* Ceratocaryum decipiens (N.E.Br.) H.P.Linder
* Ceratocaryum fimbriatum (Kunth) H.P.Linder
* Ceratocaryum fistulosum Mast.
* Ceratocaryum persistens H.P.Linder
* Ceratocaryum pulchrum H.P.Linder
* Ceratocaryum xerophilum (Pillans) H.P.Linder
# Maschinengewehr

Maschinengewehr is German for "machine gun" (literally, "machine rifle"). The standard naming system for German machine guns was a prefix of "Maschinengewehr" (abbreviated as MG) and a two-number suffix giving the year in which the gun was designed.

## Examples

* Maschinengewehr 99
* Maschinengewehr 01
* Maschinengewehr 08
* Maschinengewehr 13
* Maschinengewehr 15
* Maschinengewehr 30
* Maschinengewehr 34
* Maschinengewehr 42
* Maschinengewehr 45
* Maschinengewehr 60
* Maschinengewehr 3
* Maschinengewehr 50
* Maschinengewehr 51
* Maschinengewehr 710-3
# Ceroplastes ceriferus

Ceroplastes ceriferus, the Indian wax scale, is a species of scale insect in the family Coccidae. It is native to southern Asia and has spread to many other parts of the world.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1798 by the Danish botanist and entomologist Johan Christian Fabricius who gave it the name Coccus ceriferus. The type specimen came from India, probably occurring on Maytenus emarginata, however for nearly two hundred years the authorship was wrongly attributed to (James) Anderson. The insect was later transferred to the genus Ceroplastes, becoming Ceroplastes ceriferus.

## Description

The adult female Ceroplastes ceriferus is immobile, being permanently attached by its mouthparts to the plant on which it is feeding. The body is hidden under a roughly convex, circular or oval covering of wax which it has secreted; this is white in nymphs and young adults, and becomes pinkish in older individuals. Adults have a forward-pointing waxy horn and there are waxy filaments projecting from the margin of the scale, giving the insect a daisy-flower-like appearance. In many populations, only females exist, giving birth by parthenogenesis.

## Ecology

Ceroplastes ceriferus is a polyphagous insect, meaning that it feeds on a wide variety of different plants. It has been recorded as utilising plants in 108 genera in 60 different families as hosts. These include such cultivated crops as apple, pear, plum, citrus, mango, tamarind, fig, pomegranate, avocado, tea, coffee, squash and pepper, as well as many ornamental plants.

## Pest status

Ceroplastes ceriferus can occur on branches, twigs and foliage. It feeds on the sap of its host plant causing lack of vigour, wilting, shedding of leaves and dieback. On poplar, one of the main hosts, the bark is discoloured and peels off in patches. On ornamental plants the insects are unattractive, and the honeydew they copiously produce encourages the growth of sooty mould, which is both unsightly and blocks out the light, reducing photosynthesis.
# Masovian Voivodeship (1816–1837)

The Masovian Voivodeship was a voivodeship of the Congress Poland, that existed from 1816 to 1837. Its capital was Warsaw. It was established on 16 January 1816, from the Warsaw Department and the three counties of the Bydgoszcz Department, and existed until 23 February 1837, when it was replaced by the Masovian Governorate. During the January Uprising, the Polish National Government, announced the re-establishment of the voivodeships with the borders from 1816, reestablishing the administration of the Masovian Voivodeship within the part of Warsaw Governorate. It existed from 1863 to 1864, when it was abolished, and replaced by the Warsaw Governorate.

## Subdivisions

* Gostynin District (seat: Kutno)
** Gostynin County (seat: Gostynin)
** Orłów County (seat: Kutno)
* Kuyavian District (seat: Włocławek)
** Brześć Kujawski County (seat: Włocławek)
** Kowal County (seat: Kowal)
** Radziejów County (seat: Radziejów)
* Łęczyca District (seat: Łęczyca)
** Łęczyca County (seat: Łęczyca)
** Zgierz County (seat: Zgierz)
* Rawa District (seat: Rawa)
** Brzeziny County (seat: Brzeziny
** Rawa County (seat: Rawa)
* Sochaczew District (seat: Sochaczew)
** Sochaczew County (seat: (Sochaczew)
* Stanisławów District (seat: Mińsk Mazowiecki)
** Siennica County (seat: Siennica)
** Stanisławów County (seat: Stanisławów)
* Warsaw District
** Błonie County (seat: Błonie)
** Czersk County (seat: Czersk)
** Warsaw County (seat: Warsaw)
# Cevallos (surname)

Cevallos is a Spanish surname and variant spelling of Ceballos. Notable people with the name include:
* Alejo Peralta y Díaz Cevallos, founder of the Mexico City Tigers baseball club
* Alex Cevallos, Ecuadorian football goalkeeper, brother of José Francisco
* Diego Fernández de Cevallos, Mexican politician
* F. Javier Cevallos, Ecuadorian American scholar, president of Framingham State University
* Francisco Fernández de Cevallos, Mexican politician
* Francisco José Borja Cevallos, Ecuadorian diplomat
* Gabriel Cevallos García, Ecuadorian writer and scholar
* Jorge Cevallos, Mexican racing driver
* José Cevallos Cepeda, Mexican politician and military leader
* José Francisco Cevallos, Ecuadorian football goalkeeper, brother of Alex
* José Cevallos Enríquez, Ecuadorian footballer, son of José Sr.
* Luis MacGregor Cevallos, Mexican architect and writer
* Pedro Cevallos, Spanish politician
* Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, Spanish military, former Governor of Buenos Aires
* Pedro José Cevallos, former President of Ecuador
* Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, former President of Ecuador
# Central European Tour Budapest GP

Central European Tour Budapest GP was a cycling race in Hungary. It was first run in 2011 and was part of the UCI Europe Tour as a 1.2 level race. It was held the day after Central European Tour Miskolc GP.

## Past winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2011 | Latvia | Andris Smirnovs | |
| 2012 | Slovenia | Marko Kump | Adria Mobil |
| 2013 | Hungary | Krisztián Lovassy | Utensilnord Ora24.eu |
| 2014 | Slovakia | Erik Baška | Dukla Trenčín–Trek |
# Central Falls High School

Central Falls High School (CFHS) is an urban Senior High School in Central Falls, Rhode Island that serves students from grades nine through twelve. It is centrally located within the city of Central Falls so that students are able to walk to and from school. It is a part of the Central Falls School District. Beyond academics, the high school offers a wide variety of co-curricular activities and clubs. Their co-curricular activities and clubs help their students develop their individual talents and achieve personal goals outside the classroom.

## History

In 2010, Central Falls High School was named among the six worst schools in the state. Due to this, the District was ordered to make improvements by selecting one of four reform plans outlined in federal law. The District and the Teachers' Union were in contract negotiations during this time. Talks between the two parties broke down when the Teachers' Union would not agree to a package of changes for the high school, including lengthening the school day, requiring teachers to offer more tutoring, get additional training and eat lunch with students once a week under the "transformation model." In order to meet the deadline for choosing the model and because of a Rhode Island State Law that requires layoff notifications to be given to certified staff prior to March 1, the superintendent chose the "turnaround model." The turnaround model required a district to fire the entire staff (teachers and administrators). They may rehire up to 50% of the teachers for the beginning of the next school year. The teachers union sued the school district challenging the requirement that teachers must reapply for their jobs.
More controversy began when President Obama weighed-in on the teacher firings. Eventually, both parties agreed to resume talks and in May 2010, the teachers were rehired once both parties agreed on a Settlement Agreement. At the time when this was happening the school had a graduation rate of around 50%, and 7% of 11th-graders were proficient in math in 2009. In 2012, the high school's graduation rate significantly increased to 71% and was highlighted by the Rhode Island Department of Education.

## Chess team

Central Falls maintains a highly regarded chess team, which has represented the State of Rhode Island in the United States Chess Federation National High School Championship six times. The team gained national mainstream attention in 2013 when actor Alec Baldwin donated $2,500 to cover their costs of again attending the National Championship. Actress Viola Davis, who grew up in Central Falls, also donated and helped raise money for the team.

## Notable alumni

* Lincoln Almond, Governor of Rhode Island
* Viola Davis, actress
* James Diossa, mayor of Central Falls and Rhode Island General Treasurer
* Tiny the Terrible, professional wrestler and politician
# Massu (river)

The Massu River is a river in Pärnu and Rapla counties, Estonia. The river is 37.5 km long, and its basin size is 78.2 km$^2$. It discharges into the Vändra River.
# Massuka Živojinović

Velimir Živojinović Massuka (1886–1974) — also sometimes written as Masuka (Serbian Cyrillic: Масука), in a wrong transliteration from Serbian Cyrillic, as he used Massuka in Latin alphabet alongside his name in Cyrillic, namely "Велимир Живојиновић Massuka" — was a Serbian poet, playwright, literary critic, and translator. Most of his activities were devoted to the theater. He was active as a theater director in Belgrade, Skopje, and Niš.

## Biography

He was born in Velika Plana, lost his mother at the age of one and his father when he was ten. He read German at the University of Belgrade and Leipzig University and finished his studies in 1914. During the First World War he was in the Serbian army and caught pneumonia in San Giovanni in 1916, was captured in Ulcinj and transferred to camp Boldogasszony (today Frauenkirchen, Austria) until 1918.
After the war he worked as a teacher in Belgrade. From 11 November 1924 to 21 August 1925 he was the director of the National Theatre in Belgrade. From 1925 until 1934 he translated various works from English and German, including William Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale and Romeo and Juliet. After the end of World War I, he married Danica Radmilović (born in 1893), a French teacher. Their son Branimir Živojinović (1930–2007) was also a poet and German literature scholar.
# Master of Jazz

Master of Jazz is a Tennessee Walking Horse who won the World Grand Championship in 2007. Originally ridden in amateur horse show classes, he made the transition to professional competition in 2005 and won his breed's largest show, the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, two years later.

## Life and career

Master of Jazz is a black stallion with a blaze on his face. He was sired by A Jazz Man, who was a son of Pride's Generator, and out of the mare Precious Pusher BW, a daughter of the World Grand Champion The Pusher. Master of Jazz was bred by Gus King of Arab, Alabama and foaled on February 28, 2001. He was later sold to Lee Wall and Mike McGartland. He was initially used by Wall as an amateur mount, but by 2005 the two decided he could win in open competition and placed him in training with Jimmy McConnell. Ridden by McConnell, Master of Jazz won stake classes in numerous shows throughout 2006 before entering the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. He won one split of the Stallions 15.2 and Over class, the traditional first test of horses entering the World Grand Championship, but was unable to compete further as the World Grand Championship was cancelled that year. He and McConnell repeated their win of the stallion class in 2007 before going into the World Grand Championship, which they won. In early 2008, Master of Jazz's owners and trainer were honored at a luncheon held by then Tennessee Agriculture Commissioner Ken Givens. The luncheon is an annual event to recognize the impact of the horse industry in Tennessee and included notable horse trainers, breeders and others. In 2015 Master of Jazz was sold to Brian and Amanda Wright and Donnie and Mrs. Headrick. The new owners moved him to Fantasy Farms at Bell Buckle, Tennessee, where he continued his breeding career.
# Ceratozamia hondurensis

Ceratozamia hondurensis is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae.
# Mass in F Minor (disambiguation)

Mass in F Minor is a 1968 album by American rock band The Electric Prunes.
Mass in F Minor may also refer to:
* Mass No. 3, or Mass in F Minor, WAB 28, by Anton Bruckner (first performed 1872)
* Mass in F Minor by Josef Schnabel (1767–1831)
* Two settings of Mass in F minor by George Whiting (1840–1923)
* Mass in F minor, op. 22 (published 1846) by Bernhard Molique
* Mass in F minor, op. 51 (1934), by Egon Wellesz
# Chalciporus rubinellus

Chalciporus rubinellus, commonly known as the purple-red bolete, is a bolete fungus of the family Boletaceae. It was first described in 1879 as Boletus rubinellus, and later transferred to the genus Chalciporus in 1973.

## Description

Its cap is 1.5-5 cm wide and varies in texture from smooth to tufted-hairy, to slimy when wet. It is conical and purple-red when young, becoming yellow-tinted or reddish brown and convex and cracked with age. Its flesh is bright yellow and does not bruise. KOH stains the cap amber to reddish-brown, while ammonia causes the cap to turn blood red and then change to dark orange. It has white basal mycelium.
Its pores are 1.5 mm wide, and initially bright red, becoming lighter with age, while its tubes are 6-10 mm deep and become yellowish with age. The dimensions of the stipe are 1-6 cm long, and 3-10 mm thick, and it has thread-like texture its colour is similar to the cap.
Its spores are smooth and spindle-shaped, measuring 12-15 μm, and its spore print is brown. It has scattered pleurocystidia that are 34-62 x 7-12 μm.

## Ecology

Chalciporus rubinellus can grow solitary or in clusters around the trees it has mycorrhizal relationships with, usually conifers like spruce, hemlock and white pine. It grows from July to September.

## Uses

Eating Chalciporus rubinellus is not recommended, and its odour and taste are not distinctive. It can be used to dye protein-based fabric brown.

## Similar species

Genetically it is closely related to Chalciporus amarellus.Chalciporus rubinellus can be distinguished from Chalciporus piperatus and Chalciporous piperatoides by its mycelium, being white without a yellow tint and mild rather than peppery flavour.
# Chalk Hills

The Chalk Hills are a north–south-running low 'mountain' range in the San Fernando Valley perpendicular to and adjoining the Santa Monica Mountains. They are located in the Woodland Hills District of the City of Los Angeles in Southern California. They run between DeSoto and Winnetka Avenues, from south of Ventura Boulevard north to near Victory Boulevard.

## Geography

The Chalk Hills host an expansive, low-density, semi-urban suburb of the San Fernando Valley.
Los Angeles Pierce College is located on the northern portion of the Chalk Hills. Historically the free-flowing Los Angeles River ran around that portion. U.S. Route 101, the Ventura Freeway, cuts deeply through the southern part since the 1960s.
The range has a white soil and bedrock, resembling chalk, and was a 'white landform' Valley landmark before suburban development on it in the 1960s. The white rocks are marine shales. Geologists are unsure of its relationship with other rock formations in Southern California, although Thomas Dibblee has identified it as a member of the Sisquoc Formation. A small remnant California oak woodland plant community remains in an undeveloped southeastern area of the Pierce campus.

## Local ranges

* Santa Monica Mountains — adjacent on south
* Simi Hills — to west
* Santa Susana Mountains — to north, across valley
* San Gabriel Mountains — to northeast, across valley
* Verdugo Mountains — to east, across valley
# Mathias Lüttichau

Mathias (von) Lüttichau (9 December 1795, Egebjerggård – 13 April 1870, Store Grundet) was a Danish nobleman, royal chamberlain and Minister of War. He was a member of the 1848 Danish Constituent Assembly by royal appointment. Lüttichau was one of the 10 members of the assembly who protested against the creation of the constitution in favour of an absolute monarchy.
Lüttichau was a member of the Lüttichau noble family.