OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alfred J. Butler

Alfred Joshua Butler F.S.A. (1850 - 1936) was a British ancient historian who specialised in the history of the Copts.

## Biography

He studied at the University of Oxford and from 1877 worked at his Brasenose College. He was an author of works on Coptology and the history of Egypt during the Arab, Roman and Byzantine periods.
Alfred J. Butler was a self-confessed “friend of the Copts”. On them he wrote in 1911, having known the Copts for upwards of thirty years, I have the highest opinion of their capacity and their character. When the Coptic Congress in 1911 raised some demands to the British authority to end the injustices the Copts suffered from under British rule he sided with the Copts against Sir Eldon Gorst, the British Consul-General in Egypt (1907-1911), whose policy was (to) exalt the Mohammedan and to tread down the Christian, to license the majority and to curb the minority.

## Works

* Amaranth and Asphodel: Songs from the Greek Anthology (First ed.). London: Kegan Paul. 1881 – via Google Books.
* The Ancient Coptic Churches of Egypt. In 2 Volumes. Vol. I (First ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1884 – via the Internet Archive.
* The Ancient Coptic Churches of Egypt. In 2 Volumes. Vol. II (First ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1884 – via the Internet Archive.
* Court Life in Egypt (First ed.). London: Chapman and Hall. 1887 – via the Internet Archive.
* Abu Salih, al-Armani (1895). Alfred J. Butler (ed.). The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring Countries, attributed to Abu Salih, al-Armani. Translated by B. T. A. Evetts (First ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press – via the Internet Archive.
* Butler, Alfred J. (1978) [1902]. Fraser, P. M. (ed.). The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion (Third, revised ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press – via the Internet Archive.
* The Treaty of Misr in Tabari, an essay in historical criticism (First ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1913 – via the Internet Archive.
* Babylon of Egypt, a study in the history of Old Cairo (First ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1914 – via the Internet Archive.
* Islamic Pottery: A Study Mainly Historical (First ed.). London: Ernest Benn Limited. 1926 – via HathiTrust.
* Sport in Classic Times (First ed.). London: E. Benn. 1930. ISBN 978-0-91323-213-2 – via Google Books.
# The Punch Bowl, York

The Punch Bowl is a pub in the city centre of York in England.
The business was founded in 1675 as a coffeehouse, and it became associated with the city's Whigs, who preferred to drink punch. In 1761, it was licensed as a pub, and it became the headquarters of the York Races Committee, and was also popular with the bell ringers at York Minster. In reference to this, a bell clapper from the Minster has been used as a support in the rear bar since 1765.
The building, on Stonegate, was largely rebuilt over the years, and then burned down in 1930. It was rebuilt in a Brewers' Tudor style, designed by Biscomb and Ferry for the Tadcaster Tower Brewery, with red herringbone brick at the front of the ground floor, and plasterwork above. The rear wing largely survives from the original building, as do three ground floor fireplaces.
The building was grade II listed in 1954. In 2019, it was renovated, at which time, it was owned by Nicholson's.
# Paul Herrling

Paul Herrling is the head of corporate research at Novartis and the chairman of board of the Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore since 2002. Prior to this, he was the head of Global Research of Novartis Pharma.
Paul Herrling is also Professor of Drug Discovery Science at the University of Basel, Switzerland and Full Adjunct Professor at the Harold Dorris Neurobiological Institute, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
He obtained his Ph.D. in 1975 at the University of Zurich and was a post-doctorate fellow at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute.
# Cabreiros e Passos (São Julião)

Cabreiros e Passos (São Julião) is a civil parish in the municipality of Braga, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Cabreiros and São Julião. The population in 2011 was 2,165, in an area of 4.79 km$^2$.
# Thiotricha laterestriata

Thiotricha laterestriata is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Thomas de Grey in 1897. It is found on the West Indies.
The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are shining silvery white, the extreme apical portion bright orange. There is a very oblique brownish-grey costal streak, followed by a scarcely less oblique white one, runs through the orange space nearly to a conspicuous white-margined black spot at the apex, and is met by a more slender oblique streak from the dorsum, also followed by a parallel white streak, wider than the one above it, and nearly divided at its middle by a slender dark line reverting from the tornus. The hindwings are whitish grey.
# Martha Thomas

Martha Thomas may refer to:
* M. Carey Thomas (1857–1935), American educator, suffragist, and linguist
* Martha Gibbons Thomas (1869–1942), American politician, suffragist, and dairy farmer
* Martha J. B. Thomas (1926–2006), American chemical engineer and analytical chemist
* Martha Nelson Thomas (1915–2013), American folk artist
* Martha Thomas Fitzgerald (1894–1981), American educator and politician
* Martha Thomas (footballer) (born 1996), Scottish footballer
# Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai

Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai previously known as Manipal University Dubai is a branch campus of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai was founded in 2000 and enrolls over 2000 students.

## Location

The campus is located in Dubai International Academic City. It is 850,000 sq ft. and has a library, laboratories, a cafeteria, and sporting facilities.

## Courses offered

Around 50+ programmes are offered across seven disciplines. Programmes are offered at the undergraduate and post graduate levels.
The university has six schools in total, each of which are affiliated with their respective institutes in the main campus.

## Student life

Carnival is an annual cultural fest with music, dance, fashion, debating, quiz, painting, and photography.
A student team who won the Sustainable Campus Initiative jointly launched by the Emirates Environment Agency Abu Dhabi (EAD) and Borouge in 2014.

## Affiliations

The university hosts several program related clubs such as the Student Chapter of IEEE (Institute of Electronics & Electrical Engineers), SAE (Society of Automobile Engineers), ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air conditioning Engineers), ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), CIMA (Charted Institute of Management Accountants, and ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants).
In 2014, the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai signed an agreement which will allow students to gain CIMA's global certification and title alongside their graduation degree.
# Deathmoon

Deathmoon is a 1978 American made-for-television horror film from EMI Television directed by Bruce Kessler. Jason Palmer is sent on vacation by his doctor. He goes to Hawaii, because that's where his grandfather once worked. Palmer doesn't know that his grandpa and all male successors are cursed by a coven. Every evening he morphs into a werewolf and ravages young ladies.

## Cast

* Robert Foxworth as Jason Palmer
* Joe Penny as Rick Bladen
* Barbara Trentham as Diane May
* Dolph Sweet as Lieutenant Russ Cort
* Charles Haid as Earl Wheelie
* Debralee Scott as Sherry Weston
* France Nuyen as Tapulua
* Carole Kai as Tami Waimea
* Branscombe Richmond as Vince Tatupu
* Joan Freeman as Mrs. Jennings
# Brittain, Akron, Ohio

Brittain was a small settlement in Ohio. Founded in 1832, it was part of the township of Springfield until it was absorbed by Akron.
It sat east of Akron at the crossroads of roads from Tallmadge (north), Mogadore (east), North Springfield (south) and Middlebury (west), 1,066 feet above sea level. The Little Cuyahoga River ran through Brittain and was joined by Springfield lake Outlet Creek on its outskirts.
The area may have been a settlement area for indigenous Americans when the John T. Brittain family arrived in 1832. Among the early settlers was Benjamin Hilbish, who farmed wheat from 1849, raised a family, and built a home in 1869.
A house built by the Brittain family around 1874 still stands on Brittain Road.
In 1892, Sheriff Alanson Lane wrote, "Brittain (formerly for many years known as "White Grocery" [after its clean streets and several grocers]), one mile east of the city limits, on the Mogadore road, has had a hotel or two, store, post office, school house, wagon shop, blacksmith shop, clay-mill, etc., with private residences to correspond."
In 1910, Brittain had a one-room school house, a post office, a Methodist church, hotels, clay mill, blacksmith, and a grist mill. The Roegers family had a carriage manufacturing workshop. A sawmill at Oak Hill sat on the Little Cuyahoga River.
As Akron absorbed Middlebury to the west, and then spread into Brittain, several parts were lost to urban sprawl. After World War II. the interstate highway project built a highway over most of what was left of Brittain.
Brittain Road in Akron is named after the village. Most of what was once the Village of Brittain is at the current intersections of East Market and Mogadore Road in Akron, in the Ellet school cluster.
# Pongalur block

Pongalur block is a revenue block in the Tiruppur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 16 panchayat villages. PAP canal flows through Pongalur.
# 2008–09 Biathlon World Cup – World Cup 4

The 2008-09 Biathlon World Cup/World Cup 4 has been held in Oberhof, Germany. From Wednesday January 7 until Sunday January 11, 2009.

## Schedule of events

The provisional schedule of the event is below.
| Date | Time | Events |
| January 7 | 17:20 cet | Women's 4 x 6 km Relay |
| January 8 | 17:20 cet | Men's 4 x 7.5 km Relay |
| January 9 | 17:30 cet | Women's 7.5 km Sprint |
| January 10 | 17:20 cet | Men's 10 km Sprint |
| January 11 | 13:00 cet | Women's 12.5 km Mass Start |
| January 11 | 16:00 cet | Men's 15 km Mass Start |

## Medal winners
### Men

| Event: | Gold: | Time | Silver: | Time | Bronze: | Time |
| 4 x 7.5 km Relay details | Austria Daniel Mesotitsch Friedrich Pinter Dominik Landertinger Christoph Sumann | 1:19:36.6 (0+3) (0+3) (0+4) (0+2) | Germany Michael Greis Michael Rösch Arnd Peiffer Toni Lang | 1:19:55.8 (1+3) (0+2) (0+0) (0+4) | Norway Emil Hegle Svendsen Rune Brattsveen Halvard Hanevold Ole Einar Bjørndalen | 1:20:52.6 (0+1) (1+6) (0+2) (1+3) |
| 10 km Sprint details | Maxim Tchoudov Russia | 25:49.5 (0+0) | Michael Roesch Germany | 26:02.2 (0+0) | Tomasz Sikora Poland | 26:14.7 (1+0) |
| 15 km Mass Start details | Christoph Sumann Austria | 38:11.9 (1+0+1+0) | Carl Johan Bergman Sweden | 38:21.6 (0+0+1+1) | Ole Einar Bjørndalen Norway | 38:21.8 (0+1+1+0) |

### Women

| Event: | Gold: | Time | Silver: | Time | Bronze: | Time |
| 4 x 6 km Relay details | Ukraine Olena Pidhrushna Valj Semerenko Vita Semerenko Oksana Khvostenko | 1:17:57.9 (0+0) (0+0) (0+3) (0+1) | Germany Simone Hauswald Kati Wilhelm Sabrina Buchholz Kathrin Hitzer | 1:18:19.1 (1+5) (0+1) (1+3) (0+3) | France Marie-Laure Brunet Sylvie Becaert Pauline Macabies Marie Dorin | 1:19:02.3 (0+3) (0+4) (0+3) (0+0) |
| 7.5 km Sprint details | Andrea Henkel Germany | 22:12.1 (0+0) | Helena Jonsson Sweden | 22:29.3 (0+0) | Tora Berger Norway | 22:30.0 (0+0) |
| 12.5 km Mass Start details | Kati Wilhelm Germany | 39:55.2 (0+0+2+0) | Olga Medvedtseva Russia | 40:01.0 (0+0+1+1) | Helena Jonsson Sweden | 40:07.0 (1+1+0+0) |
# CLEC4C

CLEC4C is a membrane protein of plasmacytoid dendritic cells used as a marker for this kind of cells and denoted as CD303 in the nomenclature of the Cluster of differentiation.
# Phytomelanin

Phytomelanin (phytomelan) is a black, inert, organic material that forms a crust-like covering of some seeds, commonly found in Asparagales and Asteraceae but uncommon in other taxonomic groupings. Phytomelanin is found in most families of the Asparagales (although not in Orchidaceae). It is mechanically hard and forms a resistant substance, although it is more pliable in the developing fruit, hardening later. Chemically it appears to be a polyvinyl aromatic alcohol, and is thought to be exuded from the hypodermis. It appears to provide resistance to insect predators and desiccation.
# Thiotricha janitrix

Thiotricha janitrix is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1912. It is found in the Bengal region of what was British India.
The wingspan is about 8 mm. The forewings are shining ashy grey with elongate whitish marks along the dorsum before and beyond the middle, and a third on the tornus forming a very oblique wedge. There is an indistinct streak of whitish suffusion in the disc from beyond the middle to near the apex, where it meets a white oblique strigula from the costa, and a longer very oblique white striga from the apex of the tornal wedge-shaped mark. There is also a lunulate white mark before the apex, cutting off a small apical spot which is edged above and beneath with blackish. The apical area of the wing between and round these pale markings dark fuscous. The hindwings are grey with a blackish apical dot.
# Martin Schwartz (mercenary)

Martin Schwartz (died 16 June 1487) was a German mercenary who died at the Battle of Stoke Field while fighting for Lambert Simnel, a Yorkist pretender to the English throne.
Schwartz was born in Augsburg, the son of a shoemaker. Able but arrogant, he rose to become a major military entrepreneur, organising mercenary soldiers to fight in several campaigns.
He is first recorded fighting for Charles the Bold of Burgundy at the Siege of Neuss in 1475. In 1486, he was recruited by Maximilian, later Holy Roman Emperor, to help rid the Burgundian Netherlands of the French and to suppress the Flemish rebellion. Schwartz commanded 200 Swiss mercenaries in the campaign.
When John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln fled the English court, having decided to promote the cause of the pretender Simnel, his aunt, Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, contracted Martin Schwartz to provide 2,000 troops for an invasion. Both Lincoln and Schwartz died at the Battle of Stoke Field, when this invasion force was defeated by the army of Henry Tudor.
# Callum Smith (disambiguation)

Callum Smith may refer to:
* Callum Smith (born 1990), British professional boxer
* Callum Smith (skier) (born 1992), British cross-country skier
* Callum Smith (footballer) (born 1999), Scottish footballer for Raith Rovers
# Begović

Begović is a Bosnian surname, derived from the Ottoman Turkish word bey (beg in Bosnian) meaning "chieftain" or "lord". It is borne by ethnic Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats. Its literal meaning is "chieftain's son". It may refer to:
* Asmir Begović (b. 1987), Bosnian footballer
* Boris Begović (b. 1956), Serbian economist
* Ena Begović (1960–2000), Croatian actress
* Enes Begović (b. 1965), Bosnian singer-songwriter and producer
* Ivo Begović (b. 1993), Croatian water polo player
* Jelena Begović (b. 1970), Serbian molecular biologist
* Mia Begović (b. 1963), Croatian actress
* Milan Begović (1876–1948), Croatian writer
* Miljan Begović (b. 1964), Croatian figure skater
* Nenad Begović (b. 1980), Serbian footballer
* Nikola Begović (1821-1895), Serbian priest, religious teacher, poet and historian
* Vinko Begović (b. 1948), Croatian football coach

## Fictional

* Đuka Begović, protagonist in eponymous book by Ivan Kozarac and film by Branko Schmidt
# CPC Bears

CPC Bears were a rugby league club based in Carmarthen and were the regional side for Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire and Ceredigion. They played in the Welsh Premier Division of the Rugby League Conference.

## History

West Wales Sharks were formed in the spring of 2006 and joined the Rugby League Conference. They became the Dinefwr Sharks for the 2009 season. West Wales Wild Boars joined the Conference in 2009.
CPC Bears RL was formed in 2010, as the regional side for Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire and Ceredigion in the Welsh Premier Division with Dinefwr Sharks and West Wales Wild Boars competing in the Championship.
In 2011, CPC Bears were in the Premier division of the Welsh Rugby League Conference, but failed to complete the 2011 season and subsequently folded.

## Juniors

CPC Bears' junior teams take part in the Welsh Conference Junior League and Gillette National Youth League.
# Phone bank

Phone bank or phone banking may refer to:
* A collection of telephones within an organization such as a call centre
* A banking institution that does business solely or mostly via telephone. See telephone banking.
* A political campaign strategy to collect voter data and get out the vote. See canvassing.
# Martin Schwartz

Martin Schwartz may refer to:
* Martin S. Schwartz (born 1945), American stock trader
* Martin Schwartz (mercenary) (died 1487), German mercenary
* Martin Schwartz (rower) (born 1971), American lightweight rower
# Manigotagan River

The Manigotagan River is a whitewater river located in southeastern Manitoba, Canada. The river flows into the eastern side of Lake Winnipeg and it is a rare remote river of southern Canada. Situated at the river's mouth, near the shore of Lake Winnipeg, is the community of Manigotagan.
The name comes from the Cree language meaning "bad throat", which refers to the roar of the water that resembles the clearing of the throat.
The last southern herd of woodland caribou in Canada can be found near this river and in Nopiming Provincial Park. Logging roads and overdevelopment can potentially threaten the important habitat and ecology of this area. The river is popular for canoeing, and is close to the many remote and pristine rivers along the east side of Lake Winnipeg. These eastern rivers in Manitoba are the last undeveloped rivers in Southern Canada.
The river is protected in the Manigotagan River Provincial Park (which was designated as a provincial park by the Government of Manitoba in 2004) and Nopiming Provincial Park in Manitoba, as well as the Eagle-Snowshoe Conservation Reserve in Ontario.
In 2008, the Manitoba Eco-Network's mapping centre launched a new GIS map of the river, along with a website. It is a unique map and website combination that details all the features along the river, and it is a first of its kind in Canada for a river map.
# N-Desethylisotonitazene

N-Desethylisotonitazene (norisotonitazene) is a benzimidazole opioid with potent analgesic effects which has been sold as a designer drug. It was first identified in 2023 as an active metabolite of the closely related compound isotonitazene, and was found to have similar potency. It is one of the strongest benzimidazole opioids discovered, with an analgesic strength 20 times stronger than fentanyl.
Starting in 2023, it has become an increasingly widespread drug of abuse in its own right, linked to numerous overdose cases, and may be considered an analog of the schedule 1 drug metonitazene. In October 2023, the DEA published an intent to temporarily schedule etonitazepipne and N-desethylisotonitazene. As of April 2024, it is not yet controlled in the United States.
# 868 (disambiguation)

868 may refer to:
* 868 (number), the number 868
* 868, a year in the Common Era
* Area code 868 area code for Trinidad and Tobago in the North American Numbering Plan
* 868 MHz-band (863–870 MHz), a radio frequency band used by devices such as thermostats, fire systems, burglar systems, and DIN-transceivers
# Poompuhar College

Poompuhar College is situated on the bank of River Cauveri at Poompuhar-Melaiyur which is located 5 km away from the Bay of Bengal. Poompuhar was the capital of the great Chola Kingdom, during the ancient time, it was connected with Greece and Rome. The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Admn. Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu established this college in 1964.
The college runs as a day college and evening college. The college offers undergraduate courses, post graduate courses and research courses. Co-education system has been introduced from the academic year 1990–91.

## Transport

Poompuhar College is accessible from Mayiladuthurai, Sirkali. The distance between Mayiladuthurai and Melaiyur is around 20 kilometer as per distancebetween.info. Mayiladuthurai is the nearest railway junction located around 22 kilometers from college. The nearest National Highway junction KaruVilunthaNagapuram (Karuvi) is located around 4 km from the college. It has well connected motor road with nearest towns. We can reach the college by corporation buses and private buses.
# Peist

Peist is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Peist, Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Lüen, Molinis and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.

## History

Peist is first mentioned in 1084 as de Paiste.

## Geography

Before the merger, Peist had a total area of 17.9 km$^2$ (6.9 sq mi). Of this area, 57% is used for agricultural purposes, while 35.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (5.7%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
The former municipality is located in the Schanfigg sub-district of the Plessur district. It consists of the linear village of Peist on the northern slope of the mid-Schanfigg.
Nearby is the Peist railway station, on the Chur-Arosa railway line.

## Demographics

Peist had a population (as of 2010) of 209. As of 2008, 4.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -7%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (93.4%), with Portuguese being second most common ( 3.1%) and Italian being third ( 1.3%).
As of 2000, the distribution of the sexes in the population was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. The age distribution, as of 2000, in Peist is; 41 children or 17.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 27 teenagers or 11.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 15 people or 6.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 43 people or 18.8% are between 30 and 39, 23 people or 10.0% are between 40 and 49, and 21 people or 9.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 35 people or 15.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 17 people or 7.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 7 people or 3.1% who are between 80 and 89.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 53.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (24.8%), the FDP (11.1%) and the CVP (7.2%).
In Peist about 69.4% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
Peist has an unemployment rate of 2.54%. As of 2005, there were 25 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 11 businesses involved in this sector. 39 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 5 businesses in this sector. 8 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 5 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
| 1780 | 312 |
| 1850 | 236 |
| 1900 | 160 |
| 1950 | 180 |
| 2000 | 229 |