OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Terence Chichele Plowden

Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Terence Chichele Plowden, CIE (6 February 1883 - 13 July 1956) was a British army officer, military administrator and diplomat who served as political agent of the Baluchistan and Resident and Chief Commissioner of Coorg from 1933 to 1937.

## Early life and education

Plowden was born in Shimla on 6 February 1883 to Lieutenant Trevor John Chichele Plowden, a British army officer of the Punjab Commission. He was educated at Cheltenham College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. After passing out on 27 August 1902, his name was added to the Unattached List of the Indian Army, until he was in October posted to the Bengal command.

## Career

Plowden was appointed to the Political Department and served as Superintending Assistant Commissioner of the North West Frontier Province (1908–09), Political Assistant (1909), Assistant Commissioner, Dera Ismail Khan (1909) and political agent to the Baluchistan States (1920). In 1933, Plowden was appointed Resident to the Mysore Kingdom and thus, automatically became Chief Commissioner of Coorg Province. That very year, Plowden was made an Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire.

## Later life

Plowden retired in 1938 and served as a Press Reader in the British Embassy in Moscow during 1944-45. Plowden died on 13 July 1956.
# Nofret (disambiguation)

Nofret (also Nefret, Nefert or Neferet) is an ancient Egyptian feminine given name. It may refers to:
* Nofret, ancient Egyptian princess of the 4th Dynasty
* Nofret II, ancient Egyptian queen of the 12th Dynasty
* Nofret (13th Dynasty queen)
# Palta people

The Palta were an indigenous people of Ecuador. They once spoke the unclassified and scarcely attested Palta language.
# 1999 in Eritrea

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1999 in Eritrea.

## Incumbents

* President: Isaias Afewerki

## Events

* 29 January – United Nations Security Council resolution 1226 was adopted unanimously and strongly urged the country to accept an agreement proposed by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to resolve the conflict between the country and Ethiopia.
# Panther Creek State Park

Panther Creek State Park is a state park in Morristown, Tennessee, United States. It is located prominently on the shore of Cherokee Lake, an impoundment of the Holston River, via the Cherokee Dam. The western terminus of Tennessee State Route 342 is located inside the park. The route connects the park to U.S. Route 11E (also known as Andrew Johnson Highway). The park has an area of approximately 1,444 acres (6 km$^2$).

## Amenities

Panther Creek State Park offers access to an on-site playground and a variety of recreational activities. These activities include paddling (kayaking, canoeing, and paddleboarding), disc golf, hiking, boating, biking, fishing, birding, horseback riding, and access to the pool and tennis courts.

### Hiking

There are over 30 miles (48 km) of hiking trails in the park. Each trail is ranked as easy, moderate, or difficult.

### Camping

Panther Creek has 50 campsites located on a loop and close to several trails. All campsites have access to water, electricity, and have picnic tables and fire rings. Eight of the campsites have access to sewer.
There are two bathhouses with hot showers and restrooms, a year-round laundromat, a dump station, and trading post.
# Paola Antonietti

Paola F. Antonietti (born 1980) is an Italian applied mathematician and numerical analyst whose research concerns numerical methods for partial differential equations, and particularly domain decomposition methods, with applications in scientific computing and Applied Sciences such as the computational modelling of neurodegenerative disorders and simulating the propagation of seismic waves. She is Professor of Numerical Analysis at the Polytechnic University of Milan.

## Education and career

Antonietti was born in 1980 in Milan. She earned a laurea cum laude from the University of Pavia in 2003, and continued there for a Ph.D. in 2007. Her dissertation, Domain decomposition, spectral correctness and numerical testing of discontinuous Galerkin methods, was jointly supervised by Annalisa Buffa and Ilaria Perugia, and included time as a visiting student at the University of Oxford.
After postdoctoral research at the University of Nottingham, she returned to Italy as a tenure-track assistant professor in the Polytechnic University of Milan in 2008. She was given tenure as an associate professor in 2015, promoted to full professor in 2019, and was appointed head of the Laboratory of Modeling and Scientific Computing (MOX) by Irene Sabadini in 2023.

## Recognition

As a student, Antonietti won the S. Cinquini and M. Cinquini Cibrario Prize of the University of Pavia.
In 2008, the Italian Society for Industrial Applications of Mathematics (SIMAI) gave her their F. Saleri prize, and she was the winner of the 2015 SIMAI prize.
In 2020, the European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences (ECCOMAS) gave her their Jacques-Louis Lions award.
She is the recipient of the “NEMESIS” ERC SYNERGY grant 2023.
# Paola Balducci

Paola Balducci (born 14 November 1949) is an Italian lawyer and politician, member of the High Council of the Judiciary from 2014 to 2018.

## Biography

A student of Giovanni Conso and Giuliano Vassalli, Balducci graduated in Law at the Sapienza University of Rome and later became an associate professor of Criminal Procedural Law at the University of Salento.
Since 1976, Balducci has worked as a lawyer and has been registered in the special register of Cassation officials since 1990.
In 2002, the Federation of the Greens nominated her as the party candidate for a seat at the High Council of the Judiciary, obtaining 105 votes, too few to be elected by the Parliament in a joint session.
From May 2005 to June 2006 she held the office of Regional Councilor for the Right to Education, with powers to the University, public education, scientific research and cultural heritage, in Apulia, under the first presidency of Nichi Vendola.

### Member of Parliament

In the 2006 general elections, Balducci is a candidate for the Chamber of Deputies on the lists of the Federation of the Greens in the Lazio and Apulia constituencies, and was the first of the non-elected members of the latter, though on 4 July 2006, following the resignation of Domenico Lomelo (who preceded her on the list), after having been appointed new Regional Councilor for the Right to Education in Apulia, she took over his seat was elected deputy.
In the 2008 general elections, Balducci ran again for a seat at the Chamber of Deputies, in the Lazio constituency, on the list of The Left – The Rainbow, but was not re-elected as the list did not exceed the 4% threshold at national level.

### Member of the High Council of the Judiciary

On 23 September 2014, with 521 votes, she was elected member of the High Council of the Judiciary by the Parliament in a joint session, being the official candidate of Left Ecology Freedom, and held her seat until the renewal of the Council on 27 September 2018.
# 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline

2,4,6-Tribromoaniline is a brominated derivative of aniline with the formula C$_6$H$_4$Br$_3$N. It is used in organic synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and fire-extinguishing agents.

## Synthesis

2,4,6-Tribromoaniline can be prepared by treating bromine water with aniline in a solution of acetic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid:
    By reacting bromine with aniline in water, a white precipitate immediately forms and that is 2,4,6-tribromoaniline

## Reactions

Diazotization, then reaction with ethanol to replace the diazonium group with hydrogen, gives 1,3,5-tribromobenzene.
# 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole

2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole is a bicyclic molecule composed of a benzene ring that is fused to a 1,2,5-thiadiazole.

## Preparation and structure

2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole has been known since the 19th century. It is readily prepared in at least 85% yield from o-phenylenediamine by reaction with two equivalents of thionyl chloride in pyridine. The by-products are sulfur dioxide and HCl.
There are a number of alternative methods used to make this heterocycle and these have been reviewed. The crystal structure of the compound was determined in 1951, when it had the common name piazthiol(e).

## Reactions

The extent of the aromaticity of the compound was examined by a study of its proton NMR spectrum and comparison with naphthalene, which allowed the conclusion that it and related oxygen and selenium heterocycles did behave as 10-electron systems in which the 2-heteroatom contributed its lone pair to the ring current, in accordance with Hückel's rule.
As a result, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole undergoes the standard chemistry of aromatic compounds, for example readily forming nitro and chloro derivatives. The chemistry of this heterocycle and its simple derivatives has been reviewed.
Under reducing conditions, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles can be converted back to the 1,2-diaminobenzene compounds from which they were prepared. This can be a useful way to protect a pair of reactive amino groups while other transformations are performed in the benzene ring to which they are attached.
Bromination of 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole is commonly performed to synthesize 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. This derivative is extensively used as building block in the design and synthesis of larger molecules and conductive polymers via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.

## Derivatives

2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole derivatives containing carbazole units have been found to be luminiscent, with high emission intensity and quantum efficiency.
Different π-extended molecular systems based on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole have been built to study fundamental structure–property relationships. One example of this type of oligomer consist of extended thiophene building blocks as electron donors and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole as electron aceptor. This oligomer was synthesized using a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and it showed low HOMO–LUMO gaps which could be interesting for organic semiconductor applications.
Asymmetric derivatives with diphenylamine donors, cyanoacrylic acid acceptors and thiophene linkers bridged by a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole have been designed as organic dyes with improved charge separation properties when compared to classic cyanine and hemicyanine dyes.

## Applications

2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole has been of interest as a redox-active organic component in flow batteries owing to its favourable solubility, low reduction potential and fast electrochemical kinetics.
Such properties in derivatives containing this heterocycle have made it of growing interest in dyestuffs, white light-emitting polymers, solar cells, and in luminescence studies.
# Panulirus pascuensis

Panulirus pascuensis is a species of spiny lobster found around Easter Island and the Pitcairn Islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is known in English as the Easter Island spiny lobster, Langosta de Isla de Pascua in Spanish and Ura in the Rapa Nui language. This lobster is fished on a small scale for local consumption.

## Description

Adults grow to a total length of 15–25 centimetres (6–10 in), with a carapace 6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in) long. The antennal plate is visible in front of the carapace and has two large spines. The first pair of antennae are forked and the second pair are long, thick and spiny. There are long, slender flagella at the tips of the antennae. There are no claws on the first four pairs of walking legs. The colour of this spiny lobster is dark greenish purple with pale transverse bands on the posterior edge of the abdominal segments. The base of the tail fan has pale spots and the antennae are a uniform colour. The walking legs have slender longitudinal pale stripes.

## Distribution and habitat

Panulirus pascuensis is native to the south eastern Pacific Ocean, round the coasts of Easter Island and Pitcairn Island at depths of up to 5 metres (16 ft). It is also reported from the Austral Islands in French Polynesia. It is found on rocky shores and tends to hide during the day under boulders and in crevices.

## Biology

Like other spiny lobsters, Panulirus pascuensis feeds at night and is an omnivore and scavenger. Its diet consists of slow moving prey such as molluscs, echinoderms, crustaceans and chitons, supplemented with fish carcases or other carrion. Although it has no crushing claws, its mandibles are powerful and can break open bivalve and gastropod shells. The larvae spend over a year as part of the plankton before settling on the seabed and undergoing metamorphosis into juveniles.

## Status

Panulirus pascuensis is collected by hand or with a spear for human consumption on Easter and Pitcairn Islands. Gill nets and lobster pots are also sometimes used and at night a torch is employed. The IUCN has listed this lobster in the Red List of Threatened Species as "Data Deficient" because insufficient information is available to assess its population size and trend. The main threat to this lobster may be tourism, as the Easter Islanders are keen to attract more visitors and the Easter Island spiny lobster is the seafood dish of choice to serve to them at local restaurants. It is a traditional food of the Rapanui, the native Polynesian inhabitants of the island, and is represented on many rock engravings.
# 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid

2,2-Dichloropropionic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH$_3$CCl$_2$CO$_2$H. It is a colorless liquid that freezes near room temperature.

## Occurrence and use

Its sodium salt once was marketed under the name Dalapon as a selective herbicide used to control perennial grasses.
It is an inhibitor of some enzymes that process pyruvate.
# Paper Moon (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Paper Moon was recorded by the Dave Brubeck Quartet at Coast Recorders in San Francisco, California. The record was released in September 1981 by Concord Jazz, a subsidiary of Concord Records. It was produced by Russell Gloyd and engineered by Ron Davis and Phil Edwards. On this recording, pianist Dave Brubeck is accompanied by his son Chris Brubeck on the bass and bass trombone, with Jerry Bergonzi on tenor sax and Randy Jones on the drums. Paper Moon is Brubeck's third of three Concord recordings featuring this permutation of the Dave Brubeck Quartet; jazz commentator Scott Yanow referred to the album as the "most rewarding of the trio".

## Analysis

Stylistically, Paper Moon is typical Dave Brubeck cool jazz, varying only slightly from past Brubeck recordings. The tracks on this album are less hurried than those on Time Out, Brubeck's best known recording. Paper Moon is a highly accessible recording; it flows seamlessly with the bass and drums providing a steady accompaniment.

### "It's Only a Paper Moon"

The title track, "It’s Only a Paper Moon", begins with Dave Brubeck's piano, backed by the drummer's fast but light rhythm and the bassist's syncopated plucking. About forty seconds into the track the piano switches to stride style, and at 0:52 the saxophone enters on the melody as Dave Brubeck comps. At 2:38 Dave Brubeck begins his piano solo using block chords. His solo continues until 3:31 when bass player Chris Brubeck, now on bass trombone, takes over. His improvisation dips into the lowest registers, giving the piece a fuller and rougher tone. His solo ends the piece with a repeat of the chorus.

## Track listing

* "Music, Maestro, Please!" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel) – 8:58
* "I Hear a Rhapsody" (Jack Baker, George Fragos, Dick Gasparre) – 6:06
* "Symphony" (Alex Alstone) – 5:10
* "I Thought About You" (Johnny Mercer, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 5:21
* "It's Only a Paper Moon" (Harold Arlen, Yip Harburg, Billy Rose) – 5:34
* "Long Ago (and Far Away)" (Ira Gershwin, Jerome Kern) – 8:03
* "St. Louis Blues" (W. C. Handy) – 3:10

## Personnel

* Dave Brubeck – piano
* Jerry Bergonzi – tenor saxophone
* Chris Brubeck – bass, bass trombone
* Randy Jones – drums
# 2-OH-NPA

2-OH-NPA is a drug used in scientific research which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the dopamine D$_2$ receptor.
# Parachydaeopsis laosica

Parachydaeopsis laosica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1968.
# Paranephrolenellus

Paranephrolenellus is an extinct genus of trilobite, fossil marine arthropods. Currently four species are attributed to it. Paranephrolenellus lived at the end of the Lower Cambrian.

## Etymology

Paranephrolenellus is named for the close similarity of this genus to Nephrolenellus. The names of the species are derived as follows.
* P. besti is named in honor of R.V. Best, for his work on the olenelloids of the Laurentian Cordillera.
* P. inflatus refers to the inflation of the lateral cephalic border and base of the genal spines.
* P. klondikensis is named for Klondike Gap, Chief Range, where the species was first discovered.
# Papyrus 16

Papyrus 16 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓$^{16}$, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. Originally, it may have been part of a papyrus manuscript of the Pauline Corpus of letters, but now only contains Philippians 3:10-17; 4:2-8. The manuscript has been paleographically assigned to the late 3rd century.

## Description

Grenfell and Hunt :
| Bernard Grenfell | Arthur Hunt |
The manuscript is written in a documentary hand. There are about 37-38 lines per page. Grenfeld and Hunt conjectured that 𝔓$^{15}$ and 𝔓$^{16}$ might have been part of the same manuscript. Both manuscripts have the same formation of letters, line space, and punctuation.
The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way. The text was not corrected.
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type (rather proto-Alexandrian). Aland placed it in Category I. This manuscript diverges from the text of UBS4 8 times, from Codex Vaticanus 9 times, and from Codex Sinaiticus 10 times. P16 diverges from readings of the majority of all New Testament manuscripts 11 times.
It is currently housed at the Egyptian Museum (JE 47424) in Cairo.
# Papyrus 21

Grenfell and Hunt :
| Bernard Grenfell | Arthur Hunt |
Papyrus 21 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by siglum 𝔓$^{21}$, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew, it contains only Matthew 12:24-26.32-33. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the early 4th century.

## Description

The manuscript is written in large upright uncial letters.
The Greek text of this codex probably is a mixture of text-types. Aland placed it in Category III.
In Matthew 12:25 it has textual variant ιδων δε (instead of ειδως δε) in agreement with Codex Bezae, corrector b of the Codex Sinaiticus, 892*, the Latin text of Codex Bezae (it$^d$), k, c, s, cop$^{bo}$. In 12:32 it lacks words αυτω ουτε.
It is currently housed at the Muhlenberg College (Theol. Pap. 3) in Allentown (Pennsylvania).
# 2001–02 Sanistål Ligaen season

The 2001–02 Sanistål Ligaen season was the 45th season of ice hockey in Denmark. Ten teams participated in the league, and Rungsted IK won the championship.

## First round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Rungsted IK | 36 | 27 | 3 | 6 | 190 | 112 | 58 |
| 2. | Odense Bulldogs | 36 | 24 | 2 | 10 | 141 | 89 | 51 |
| 3. | Frederikshavn White Hawks | 36 | 23 | 3 | 10 | 152 | 112 | 50 |
| 4. | Herning IK | 36 | 19 | 0 | 17 | 144 | 125 | 40 |
| 5. | Vojens IK | 36 | 18 | 3 | 15 | 127 | 138 | 39 |
| 6. | Rødovre Mighty Bulls | 36 | 13 | 4 | 19 | 138 | 139 | 33 |
| 7. | Herlev Hornets | 36 | 14 | 4 | 18 | 142 | 139 | 33 |
| 8. | Hvidovre Ishockey | 36 | 12 | 5 | 19 | 107 | 144 | 31 |
| 9. | Esbjerg IK | 36 | 13 | 2 | 21 | 111 | 137 | 31 |
| 10. | AaB Ishockey | 36 | 3 | 2 | 31 | 91 | 208 | 9 |

## Second round
### Group A

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts (Bonus) |
| 1. | Rungsted IK | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 14 | 14(2) |
| 2. | Herning IK | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 23 | 18 | 7(1) |
| 3. | Vojens IK | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 23 | 6(0) |
| 4. | Hvidovre Ishockey | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 11 | 39 | 0(0) |

### Group B

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts (Bonus) |
| 1. | Odense Bulldogs | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 30 | 13 | 11(2) |
| 2. | Frederikshavn White Hawks | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 27 | 18 | 9(1) |
| 3. | Rødovre Mighty Bulls | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 17 | 19 | 7(0) |
| 4. | Herlev Hornets | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 14 | 38 | 0(0) |

## Playoffs

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Rungsted IK | 3 |
| Frederikshavn White Hawks | 1 | | |
| Frederikshavn White Hawks | 1 | Rungsted IK | 3 |
| | | Odense Bulldogs | 0 |
| Odense Bulldogs | 3 | Odense Bulldogs | 0 |
| Herning IK | 1 | | |
| Herning IK | 1 | Third place | Third place |
| | | Frederikshavn White Hawks | 0 |
| | | Herning IK | 2 |

## Relegation

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Esbjerg IK | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 49 | 16 | 10 |
| 2. | AaB Ishockey | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 16 | 10 |
| 3. | IC Gentofte | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 14 | 48 | 3 |
| 4. | Gladsaxe SF | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 35 | 1 |
# 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's 400 metres hurdles

The women's 400 metres hurdles event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 13 and 14 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Sylvanie Morandais France |
| Silver | Aleksandra Pielużek Poland |
| Bronze | Irēna Žauna Latvia |

## Results
### Final

14 July
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Sylvanie Morandais | France | 56.30 |
| | Aleksandra Pielużek | Poland | 56.51 |
| | Irēna Žauna | Latvia | 57.03 |
| 4 | Marjolein de Jong | Netherlands | 57.26 |
| 5 | Alena Rücklová | Czech Republic | 58.28 |
| 6 | Erica Martensson | Sweden | 58.49 |
| 7 | Karolina Tłustochowska | Poland | 58.95 |
| 8 | Marina Shiyan | Russia | 59.75 |

### Heats

13 July Qualified: first 3 in each heat and 2 best to the Final

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Sylvanie Morandais | France | 57.16 | Q |
| 2 | Irēna Žauna | Latvia | 57.23 | Q |
| 3 | Alena Rücklová | Czech Republic | 58.32 | Q |
| 4 | Marina Shiyan | Russia | 58.34 | q |
| 5 | Karolina Tłustochowska | Poland | 58.78 | q |
| 6 | Tina Kron | Germany | 59.24 | |
| | Tracey Duncan | United Kingdom | DNF | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Marjolein de Jong | Netherlands | 57.66 | Q |
| 2 | Aleksandra Pielużek | Poland | 58.56 | Q |
| 3 | Erica Martensson | Sweden | 59.07 | Q |
| 4 | Heidi Trollsås | Norway | 59.38 | |
| 5 | Benedetta Ceccarelli | Italy | 59.51 | |
| 6 | Olivia Abderrhamane | France | 59.90 | |
| 7 | Elodie Cruchant | France | 60.12 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.
* Czech Republic (1)
* France (3)
* Germany (1)
* Italy (1)
* Latvia (1)
* Netherlands (1)
* Norway (1)
* Poland (2)
* Russia (1)
* Sweden (1)
* United Kingdom (1)