OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Newell's algorithm

Newell's Algorithm is a 3D computer graphics procedure for elimination of polygon cycles in the depth sorting required in hidden surface removal. It was proposed in 1972 by brothers Martin Newell and Dick Newell, and Tom Sancha, while all three were working at CADCentre.
In the depth sorting phase of hidden surface removal, if two polygons have no overlapping extents or extreme minimum and maximum values in the x, y, and z directions, then they can be easily sorted. If two polygons, Q and P, do have overlapping extents in the Z direction, then it is possible that cutting is necessary.
In that case, Newell's algorithm tests the following:
* Test for Z overlap; implied in the selection of the face Q from the sort list
* The extreme coordinate values in X of the two faces do not overlap (minimax test in X)
* The extreme coordinate values in Y of the two faces do not overlap (minimax test in Y)
* All vertices of P lie deeper than the plane of Q
* All vertices of Q lie closer to the viewpoint than the plane of P
* The rasterisation of P and Q do not overlap
The tests are given in order of increasing computational difficulty. The polygons must be planar. If the tests are all false, then switch the order of P and Q in the sort, record having done so, and try again. If there is an attempt to switch the order of a polygon a second time, there is a visibility cycle, and the polygons must be split. Splitting is accomplished by selecting one polygon and cutting it along the line of intersection with the other polygon. The above tests are again performed, and the algorithm continues until all polygons pass the above tests.
# Newell

Newell may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Newell, Queensland, a locality in the Shire of Douglas
* Newell Highway, New South Wales

### Canada

* County of Newell, a municipal district in Alberta

### England

* Newell, an old spelling of Newall, West Yorkshire

### United States

* Newell, Alabama
* Newell, California
* Newell, Iowa
* Newell, North Carolina
* Newell, Ohio
* Newell, Pennsylvania
* Newell, South Dakota
* Newell, West Virginia
* Newell Township (disambiguation)

## Other uses

* Newell (surname)
* Newell Brands, an American consumer products company
* Newell's Old Boys, an Argentine sports club
* USS Newell (DE-322), U.S. Navy Edsall-class destroyer escort
# Newel Knight

Newel Knight (September 13, 1800 – January 11, 1847) was a close friend of Joseph Smith and one of the first branch presidents in the Latter-day Saint movement.
Born at Marlboro, Vermont, Knight was the son of Joseph Knight, Sr. and Polly Peck. When Newel was about eight years old his family moved to Colesville, New York. He married Sally Colburn on the June 7, 1825. The couple had three children.
Knight was baptized into the Church of Christ (the original name of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), in May 1830 by David Whitmer. Prior to this, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, had cast an evil spirit out of Knight. This event is considered by some to be the first miracle performed in the history of the Latter-day Saint movement. Shortly after this, Knight had a vision of heaven.
With the baptism of Knight's parents, siblings, and aunts and uncles in July 1830, the Colesville Branch of the church was organized with Knight as its presiding authority. He continued to preside over this branch through its relocation to Ohio and then to Jackson County, Missouri.
When the second high council of the church was organized in Missouri in 1834, Knight was appointed a member of it. He would serve on three more high councils.
In September 1834, Knight's wife Sally died in Missouri during the persecution of the Latter Day Saints. On November 24, 1835, Knight married Lydia Goldthwaite Bailey at Kirtland, Ohio. This was the first marriage performed by Joseph Smith.
In both Missouri and later at Nauvoo, Illinois, Knight constructed mills. In 1846–1847, Knight was part of the Ponca Encampment, led by George Miller. While in Nebraska preparing to travel west, Knight grew sick and received a blessing at the hands of his wife Lydia. It was then reported that "all pain left him and in a short time he sweetly fell asleep in death without a struggle or a groan." Knight died at Ponca (in what is today Knox County, Nebraska) from lung inflammation, probably pneumonia.
His widow Lydia gave birth to Newel's ninth child, Hyrum Knight, seven months after Newel died. She brought the family to Utah in 1850. Newel's eighth child, Jesse Knight, was later prominent as a successful mining magnate and philanthropist.
# Annopol, Warsaw

Annopol is a neighborhood of Białołęka district in Warsaw, Poland. For the residents of Warsaw, Annopol is known for being a tram terminus, with several Warsaw tram lines stopping here, and it is also an industrial centre.

## History

In the second half of the 19th century, on the territory of the Marywil farm, a fortress was erected here, known as Fort XIV Marywil or Pelcowizna. The task of this fort was, among others, to cover of the route of the Vistula River. By order of January 31, 1909, the fort was liquidated and eventually destroyed in the summer of 1913. Construction of a canal began to the north of the fort. A housing estate for construction workers of the canal was built in 1927 and the area became known as Annopol. The canal, completed after World War II, was named the Żerański Canal (Kanał Żerański). The area was developed for industrial purposes, with the canal able to accommodate for 1350-ton barges. The first Warsaw CHP plant, a concrete elements factory and a cement mill were built in the 1950s. There are now warehouses and office complexes in Żerań Park and Żerań Park II, and Coca-Cola has its Polish headquarters on Annapol Street.
In 1951, together with other villages, Annopol was incorporated into Warsaw as part of the Praga-Północ district. Today it is located in the Białołęka district.
# Annopol Mały

Annopol Mały is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Czerniewice, 19 km (12 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 47 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Domenico Gnoli (author)

Domenico Gnoli (6 February 1838 – 12 April 1915) was an Italian author, librarian and art historian.

## Biography

Gnoli was born in Rome. He attracted public attention by his volume of poems published under the pseudonym of Dario Gaddi, and a collection of critical essays, Odi Tiberine. He was a professor of Italian literature at Turin, and in 1893 was made prefect of the Library Vittorio Emanuele at Rome. He collaborated on the Nuova Antologia, and co-founded and co-edited the magazine Archivio Storico dell'Arte. His translations include the Römische Elegien of Goethe, and various other German classics. Many of his original essays were published in the Nuova Antologia. His other writings are:
* E morto il re (1882).
* Canto dei pellegrini alla tomba del gran re (1883).
* Le opere di Donatello in Roma.
* Il banco d'Agostino Chigi.
# Wild melon

Wild melon is a common name used for several species of plants in the melon family (Cucurbitaceae) which grow outside of cultivation
Wild melon may refer to:
* Citrullus lanatus, a plant invasive in Australia with fruits much larger than a golf ball
* Cucumis myriocarpus a plant invasive in Australia with fruits smaller than a golf ball
* Lagenaria sphaerica, a plant native to Southern and Eastern Africa
# 2003–04 NWHL season
## Final standings

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, Pts = Points.
Eastern Division :
| No. | Team | GP | W | L | T | OTL | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1 | Montreal Axion | 36 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 113 | 84 | 46 |
| 2 | Ottawa Raiders | 36 | 9 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 85 | 144 | 22 |
| 3 | Quebec Avalanche | 36 | 4 | 28 | 2 | 2 | 65 | 163 | 12 |
Central Division :
| No. | Team | GP | W | L | T | OTL | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1 | Toronto Aeros | 36 | 33 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 197 | 42 | 67 |
| 2 | Brampton Thunder | 36 | 28 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 190 | 72 | 58 |
| 3 | Oakville Ice | 36 | 17 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 118 | 99 | 36 |
| 4 | Telus Lightning | 36 | 8 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 66 | 224 | 16 |
Western Division :
| No. | Team | GP | W | L | T | OTL | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1 | Calgary Oval X-Treme | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 9 | 22 |
| 2 | Edmonton Chimos | 12 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 64 | 2 |

## Playoffs

* Calgary Oval X-Treme 5, Brampton Thunder 4 (Overtime Shootout)
The Calgary Oval X-treme won the Championship of the NWHL.
# California (Datarock EP)

California is an EP by Norwegian dance-punk duo Datarock, released in 2011 included within the Catcher in the Rye EP aka The Most Extravagant Single in History. The EP features the title track "California" a song the band bills as part of a new modern rock musical about Datarock traveling the world. The band continues its often playful approach to music citing references to both The Beach Boys' "California Girls" and Porno for Pyros' "Pets" in the song "Great Pets". The EP was the first step in Datarock's plans to release a musical.

## Track listing

* "Life is a Musical" - 2:06
* "Great Pets" - 2:12
* "California" - 2:42
* "Roller Coaster" - 2:45
* "Walk Away" - 2:56
* "California Souldrop RMX" - 6:01

## Reception

The EP was reviewed negatively by Richard Scott at Purple Sneakers; however Kristie Bertucci at Grimy Goods found it enjoyable.
# Manchester Caribbean Carnival

The Manchester Caribbean Carnival has been held annually in Alexandra Park, Manchester, since 1971. The Moss Side area was, at that time, home to many recent immigrants from Caribbean countries.
The first carnival was held on 31 May 1971. The different Caribbean islands had floats and flew their flags, and the police band, an Irish band, a Scottish band, and many local white community groups joined them. The parade went from the park and around the city centre.
More recently, the carnival was held in August in recognition of Emancipation Day. The 50th carnival, in 2022, celebrated 60 years of Jamaican independence.
Manchester City Council is the primary funder of the carnival. There have been issues around the financial management of the event.
The event often attracts gangs and criminality, which several incidents and murders of note over the years. It is police-resource intensive, and Greater Manchester Police have faced criticism after being accused of using “deeply racist” tactics. In 2022 after it issued a number of letters banning dozens of people from a Caribbean carnival event because they had been identified as “either a member of a street gang, affiliated to a street gang” or “perceived by others to be associated to a street gang”.
In 2023, a 17-year-old boy was arrested on Claremont Road for possession of an offensive weapon and suspected assault of an emergency worker and possession of a class B drug. Nearby Alexandra Park, a 31-year-old man was arrested for possessing multiple offensive weapons and a class B drug.
Two rival gangs clashed on 15 August 2022 following the Caribbean Carnival, Manchester Crown Court heard. Mikyle Bucknor and Karmarni Batler were jailed on Tuesday for attempted murder and Harlan Richards was imprisoned for possession of a firearm.The violence led to the death of Javell Morgan, 20, and two people have been jailed separately for his murder.The two rival groups travelled from Huddersfield to Moss Side in Manchester ahead of the incident, according to police.
In 2018, 12 people, including a 12-year-old girl, were injured when shots were fired at a street party following the carnival.
Moss Side itself where the carnival is held in Manchester, has a history of gang violence. On 21st June 2020 approximately 00:55am, two males were shot and received fatal injuries; Abayomi Hendewe Ajose (36 years) and Cheriff Muhammed Habib Tall (21 years). The carnival had been cancelled that year due to the Covid-19 pandemic, but at the time of the shooting, a large crowd of 300-400 people were present having an unofficial street party.
# Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper II

The Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper II is a four-wheeled armored personnel carrier marketed as an internal security vehicle, produced by Textron Marine & Land Systems. Per its name, it is the successor to the Cadillac Gage Ranger, which was alternatively known as the Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper. Built on a Ford F-350 chassis, the Peacekeeper II was unveiled in 2003 and, like its predecessor, was designed for militaries as an internal security and military police vehicle, as well as for law enforcement as a SWAT vehicle, though it was less popular.
The Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper II is no longer offered by Textron, with trademarks cancelled, though it is unclear when it was discontinued. It was developed at a unit cost of approximately US$170,000.

## History

In 2002, Textron representatives announced the Peacekeeper II was in development at the Law Enforcement Tactical Response Show & Conference (TREXPO) East exhibition in August 2002. The following year, a working production model was displayed at TREXPO West in March 2003.
In 2018, the 509th Logistics Readiness Squadron at Whiteman Air Force Base acquired and refurbished a Peacekeeper II for static display purposes.

## Design

The Peacekeeper II is powered by a 340 bhp (250 kW) V8 gas engine. Optionally, this can be replaced with a 300 bhp (220 kW) diesel engine. It uses a front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout coupled to an Allison automatic transmission, and also features power steering and a torsion bar suspension. It can reach a maximum speed of 70 mph (112.5 km/h).
Externally, the Peacekeeper II resembles its predecessor, but notably eschews the older-style circular headlights for modernized headlights resembling those on the first generation Chevrolet Silverado, and has a larger distinctive grille, among other aesthetic changes. The Peacekeeper II is equipped with 0.5-inch (13 mm) thick armor and can withstand up to 7.62 mm armor-piercing ammunition. Large windows made of bulletproof glass and eight view vision blocks in the rear cabin are provided for visibility. The Peacekeeper II is also equipped with run-flat tires.
The Peacekeeper II can carry one driver, one front passenger, and six rear passengers. Bucket seats are provided for the driver and front passenger, while bench seats are provided for the rear cabin. Foldable running boards with handrails are included on the sides and rear of the vehicle, allowing for more personnel to hang onto the exterior of the vehicle. The interior is fully insulated and is equipped with air conditioning and heaters.
Weapons are installed on a 180°-rotatable top-mounted gun turret cupola that allows for the mounting of a general-purpose machine gun or automatic grenade launcher, though law enforcement configurations typically exclude this. Additionally, eight firing ports are located below each of the vision blocks for the vehicle's occupants to fire weapons and dispense devices such as smoke grenades with minimal risk.
# Calvary Lutheran Church (Minneapolis)

Calvary Lutheran Church is an historic church on the National Register of Historic Places in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The church was built in 1930 with an addition built in 1953. The church is an exemplary work of the prolific Minneapolis architectural firm of Lang and Raugland. The church is located one block south of George Floyd Square.

## History

The congregation was founded in 1923. The church initially separated from Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church in Saint Paul due to a desire to have more English language services. The architects, Lang and Raugland, specialized in the Gothic Revival style and designed both the 1930 church and the 1953 school building. A parking lot was constructed behind the church in the 1950s in place of several homes. A food shelf run by the church has operated since the 1980s.
By the 2020s, the church had over a million dollars in deferred maintenance and limited funds to do repairs. The church decided to sell the building to a non-profit housing developer in 2021 in a unanimous vote. The total cost to renovate the existing buildings and construct a new apartment building on the former parking lot was $23.5 million. The church space is used as a community area for residents during the week while the church rents the space to use for worship on Sundays. 20 units are located in the new building and 21 units are located in the historic school building. Every unit is considered deeply affordable which means the units are affordable for those making 30% of the area median income, about $33,000 for a family of three. The units are a mix of 1, 2, 3 and 4 bedrooms. Every unit was leased within two weeks of the completion of construction.
# Mallika Yunis

Mallika Yunis is an Indian writer who writes novels in Malayalam language. She is probably best known for her 1981 novel Upasana which won her the Maman Mappila literary award in 1982. The novel was made into a critically acclaimed film, titled Ente Upasana, by noted director Bharathan. The 2012 film Karpoora Deepam is also based on her novel. The film, which commenced production in 1998 was in a development hell for 14 years.
# Mangelia lissa

Mangelia lissa is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 8.1 mm, its diameter 3mm.

## Distribution

Mangulis lissa was found in the Alum Bluff Group, Florida, USA. This means it's from the Miocene Epoch, between 23 mya and 5 mya.
It lived among other Mollusk species there.
# Callistele

Callistele is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails (unassigned to a subfamily).

## Species

* Callistele calliston (Verco, 1905)
# Manfred Pahl

Manfred Pahl (January 20, 1900, in Ebingen – May 11, 1994, in Stuttgart) was a German painter, draftsman and graphic artist of Expressive Realism.

## Early life and works

At the beginning of the 1920s, Pahl studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart. He illustrated the 'fairytale of the Rhine and of the people' for Georg Engelbert Graf which was published in 1925.
In 1929, together with Manfred Henninger, Alfred Lehmann, Gustav Schopf, and Wilhelm Geyer, founded the Stuttgart New Secession. In addition to his painting (Tanzpaar, 1951) Pahl created a comprehensive graphic work. In the 1980s he created a museum of his work, the 'Pahl Museum' in Mainhardt-Gailsbach near Schwäbisch Hall.

## Personal life

He lived in Berlin until 1947.

## Honors

* 1973: Cross of Merit 1st Class of the Federal Republic of Germany
* 1981: Medal of Merit of the State of Baden-Württemberg

## Literature

* Günther Wirth: Art in the German Southwest from 1945 to the Present. Hatje, Stuttgart, 1982.
# Caladenia callitrophila

Caladenia callitrophila, commonly known as the Berrigan spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area in New South Wales. It has a single leaf and one or two pale greenish-yellow flowers with red markings and only occurs in three small populations.

## Description

Caladenia callitrophila is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single leaf, 70–130 mm (3–5 in) long and 4–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide. One or two flowers are borne on a stalk 200–350 mm (8–10 in) tall. The flowers are pale greenish-yellow with reddish marks and are 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in) wide. The dorsal sepal is erect, 25–40 mm (1–2 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide while the lateral sepals are about the same length but twice as wide, spread widely and turn down below horizontal. The petals are 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and also deflected downwards at an angle. The labellum is 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long and 7–9 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide, yellowish with red lines and a maroon tip. The labellum curves forward and downwards and there are six to nine pairs of red teeth on its sides. The mid-line of the labellum has four or six rows of maroon calli up to 1 mm (0.04 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia callitrophila was first formally described by David L. Jones in 1999 and the description was published in The Orchadian from a specimen collected near Berrigan. The specific epithet (callitrophila) is derived from the name of cypress pines in the genus Callitris. This orchid grows in Callitris woodland.

## Distribution and habitat

Berrigan orchid occurs in three small scattered populations near Berrigan where it grows in Callistris woodland.
# Caladenia caesarea subsp. maritima

Caladenia caesarea subsp. maritima, commonly known as the cape spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single spreading, hairy leaf and up to three small mustard-coloured flowers with red stripes. It is only known from a small coastal area near Cape Leeuwin where it grows in clumps of ten or more.

## Description

Caladenia caesarea subsp. maritima is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb which often occurs in clumps of ten or more. It has an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide. There are up to three flowers borne on a stem 15–20 cm (6–8 in) high and each flower is 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) long and 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) wide. The lateral sepals and petals are spread widely. The labellum is mustard-yellow with brownish-red stripes, projects prominently, has an irregularly serrated edge and two rows of shiny yellow calli along its centre. Flowering occurs from August to mid-September and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.

## Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia caesarea was first formally described by Karel Domin in 1912 and given the name Caladenia filamentosa subsp. caesarea. Domin's description was published in Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany but in 1989 Mark Clements and Stephen Hopper raised it to species status. In 2001 Hopper and Andrew Brown described three subspecies, including subspecies maritima and the descriptions were published in Nuytsia. The epithet (maritima) is a Latin word meaning "of the sea", referring to the "coastal habitat of this species".

## Distribution and habitat

Cape spider orchid occurs in the south-west corner of Western Australia between Dunsborough and Cape Leeuwin in the Jarrah Forest biogeographic region where it grows in shallow soil on granite outcrops. It is endemic to Meelup Regional Park.

## Conservation

Caladenia caesarea subsp. maritima is classified as "endangered" under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "rare flora" under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. An interim recovery plan has been prepared for this subspecies.
# Malportas Pond

Malportas Pond is a salt-water pond on the north coast of Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, near North Side village. It has an area of 44 hectares (110 acres) or 52 hectares (130 acres), and like the nearby Rock and Point ponds, it is an important area for breeding waterfowl. Local farmer Willie Ebanks introduced West Indian whistling-ducks on the pond in 1990, and it also has populations of heron, egrets, moorhens, and coots. It forms part of the Central Mangrove Wetland Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports populations of waterbirds.
# Mangelia mediofasciata

Mangelia mediofasciata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

Originally described as a variety of Bela nebula (Montagu, 1803), it is distinct by its shorter height and its more pronounced and more limited sinus. Its outer lip is more inflected. There is a white band on the periphery of the body whorl.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Senegal.