OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marciana (Lycia)

Marciana was a town in ancient Lycia, with a bishopric that was a suffragan of that of Myra.
The author of the article in the 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia used the spelling Marciane.
The town is not mentioned by any author and its exact location remains unknown, but the see figures in the Notitiae episcopatuum from the 6th to the 12th or 13th century.

## Bishops

Le Quien (Oriens christianus, I, 983) cites three bishops:
* Januarius, who attended in 448 the Council of Constantinople against Eutyches;
* Augustine, who signed in 459 the synodal decree of Gennadius of Constantinople against simoniacs;
* Marcian, who signed in 518 the decretal letter of the Council of Constantinople against Severus and other heretics and the report to Pope Hormisdas on the ordination of Patriarch Epiphanius of Constantinople.
# Capping ceremony

Capping ceremony may refer to:
* In nursing schools, a ceremony where students receive nurse's caps
* In East Asian history, a coming of age ceremony
** Guan Li in China
** Genpuku in Japan
** Gwallye in Korea
# Mappin baronets

The Mappin Baronetcy, of Thornbury in the Township of Upper Hallam in the Parish of Sheffield in the West Riding of the County of York, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 August 1886 for the factory owner and Liberal politician Frederick Mappin. The title became extinct on the death of the sixth Baronet in 1975.

## Mappin baronets, of Thornbury (1886)

* Sir Frederick Thorpe Mappin, 1st Baronet (1821–1910)
* Sir Frank Mappin, 2nd Baronet (1846–1920)
* Sir Wilson Mappin, 3rd Baronet (1848–1925)
* Sir Charles Thomas Hewitt Mappin, 4th Baronet (1909–1941)
* Sir Samuel Wilson Mappin, 5th Baronet (1854–1942)
* Sir Frank Crossley Mappin, 6th Baronet (1884–1975)

## Arms

Coat of arms of Mappin baronets :
* CrestA boar Sable charged with a pale Or and resting the dexter fore-foot upon a spur fesswise also Or.
* EscutcheonAzure on a bend engrailed between two boars' heads erased Argent three lozenges of the field.
* MottoCor Forte Calcar Non Requirit
# Canton of Perpignan-7

The Canton of Perpignan-7 is a French former canton of Pyrénées-Orientales department, in Languedoc-Roussillon. It was created 16 August 1973 by the decree 73-819. It had 20,211 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.

## Composition

The canton comprised the following communes:
* Bompas
* Perpignan (partly)
The canton included the following neighbourhoods of Perpignan:
* Les Platanes
* Les Coves
* Clos-Banet
* Mas Vermeil
* Route de Canet
* Massilia
* Mas Llaró
* Château-Roussillon
# Candere, Ilgaz

Candere (also: Cendere) is a village in the Ilgaz District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 41 (2021).
# Marcelle Dormoy

Marcelle Dormoy (1895–1976) was a French couture fashion designer active from the 1910s to 1950, and a former model.
Dormoy was born Marie-Léonie Graftieaux, but changed her name to Marcelle Dormoy in 1916 soon after the birth of her son Pierre-Edouard. Graftieaux started out as a mannequin for Paul Poiret, which she credited with helping her learn to "understand the female body." At this time, her grandson has claimed, Graftieaux met Edward, Prince of Wales, probably at Luna Park, Paris and he may have fathered her son. Pierre-Edouard's birth was registered over a year after the event, and the certificate does not identify his father, but in addition to her name change, Dormoy reportedly came into a sum of money that enabled her to set up a dressmaking business. Later, in the mid-1940s when Dormoy's grandson François was born, his mother received an unexplained gift of a Van Cleef & Arpels "cadenas" diamond watch-bracelet made after a design originally commissioned by Edward (now the Duke of Windsor) for his wife Wallis Simpson - a gift that Pierre-Edouard Graftieaux could not have afforded to give his wife.
During the 1920s, Dormoy worked with Vionnet alongside other designers such as Jacques Griffe and Marcelle Chaumont. As première d'atelier, she was head of the workroom at Vionnet until she left to launch her own couture house in December 1928. This date was open to question even while Dormoy was in business, with M.D.C. Crawford stating in 1941 that Dormoy launched "his" (sic) business in 1934, and the mannequin "Freddy" recalling a launch date of 1927 in her 1958 memoirs.
In 1937 Dormoy had her portrait painted by the artist Marie Laurencin, who accepted a fur coat as payment. This portrait was sold by the Swiss auction house Dobiaschofsky in 2013.
Dormoy remained with Jean Patou in Biarritz prior to returning to Paris, following the German occupation of France during World War II. She continued working during the Occupation, providing clothes to clients such as the actress Edwige Feuillère. In February 1946, Collier's published an article about Feuillère and Dormoy, noting that Dormoy's designs were among the first post-war models "by leading designers" to be bought by American buyers for export back home, despite a poor exchange rate meaning that each design cost $500–600. A picture caption in the article noted that Dormoy's unfussy designs typically featured free-flowing lines.
Dormoy closed her house in 1950, and died in 1976. Her son and daughter-in-law presented a 1948 evening gown that she had designed to the Musée Galliera.
# Marcelle Engelen Faber

Marcelle Engelen Faber (3 August 1923 – 7 January 2023) was a French Resistant. She was known for being the last surviving member of the Équipe Pur Sang [fr], which helped transfer prisoners out of the Gau Baden and into Vichy France during World War II.

## Biography

Engelen was born in Strasbourg on 3 August 1923 into a religious family of five children and a father who worked as a jeweler. At a young age, she joined the Guides de France [fr], where she would eventually become a senior guide.
Engelen joined the French Resistance at the age of 17 with the Équipe Pur Sang, made up of six young women from the Guides de France: Engelen, Emmy Weisheimer, Alice [fr] and Marie Daul, Lucie Welker, and Lucienne Welschinger [fr]. Initially, the group aided Alsatian prisoners of war, providing food, clothing, and mail transportation from the autumn of 1940 to February 1942. The women took shifts each evening at approximately 6:00 or 7:00 at the Église Saint-Jean de Strasbourg [fr], where the password for assistance was "Pierre".
In January 1942, Engelen appeared before the Reich Labour Service and was sent to the occupied zone. In the autumn of 1944, she interrupted her studies to serve in the women's branch of the Free French Forces.
After World War II, Engelen married geologist Jean Faber, with whom she had four children. She did not maintain good relations with the other members of the Équipe Pur Sang due to her escape from arrest. She eventually outlived every other member of the group.
Marcelle Engelen Faber died in Meylan on 7 January 2023 at the age of 99.
# Mareuil-lès-Meaux

Mareuil-lès-Meaux (French pronunciation: , literally Mareuil near Meaux) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Population

Inhabitants are called Mareuillois in French.
# Marcus Wallenberg-hallen

Marcus Wallenberg-hallen (The Marcus Wallenberg Hall) is a vehicle museum in Södertälje, in the Swedish province of Sörmland.

## Background

The museum is situated on Nyköpingsvägen, together with the head office of Scania AB, alongside the lake Saltskogsfjärden, which the locals call Scaniasjön.
The museum is named after the late financier Marcus Wallenberg, Sr., who contributed to the development of Scania in the early 20th century. The ‘’Marcus Wallenberg-hallen’’ is Scania’s visitor centre.

## Exhibits

A varied series of early Vabis, Scania-Vabis and Scania vehicles can be found in the museum. Among other items, there is an example of the first mass-produced Swedish private car, from the year 1903. There are bicycles, motorcycles, military vehicles, tanks, trucks and buses. There are even railway wagons that belonged to Statens Järnvägar (Sweden’s state railway) and are a working monument to Sweden’s railways from the early 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century. The exhibits have been restored to their original condition. A little less than half of the museum is made up of newer vehicles, produced in the 21st century.
# Mads Alstrup

Mads Alstrup (1808-1876) was the first Danish portrait photographer with his own studio. For 16 years, he produced an enormous number of daguerreotypes, in Copenhagen and the provinces, before his business suffered from the financial crisis of 1857. He moved to Sweden in 1858 and continued to take portraits there for the remainder of his life. He is considered to be one of Denmark's pioneers in the practice of photography.

## Daguerreotype portraits in Denmark

Born in Viborg and trained as a goldsmith, Alstrup initially had a business in Randers in Jutland. In the summer of 1842, he moved to Copenhagen and set up a daguerreotype studio behind the Hercules Pavilion in the Rosenborg Gardens. In this popular area of the city, he had no difficulty in finding clients interested in having their portraits taken.
From 1843 to 1848, he travelled around Denmark, spending a few days or weeks in different towns where he set up temporary studios. In 1849, he finally settled in Copenhagen, opening a studio at a central location on Østergade near Kongens Nytorv.
While Alstrup was by no means an artist, he was a competent tradesman and, unlike some of the more artistic photographers of his day, he could run a profitable business. Constantly investing in new equipment, the quality of his work improved year by year. Indeed, it is estimated he produced some 33,000 daguerreotypes in the 16 years he worked in Denmark.

## Swedish period

After leaving Denmark in 1857, Alstrup moved to Sweden where he travelled from place to place, much as he had done in his early Danish career. In 1859 he was in Hälsingborg and Kristianstad and in 1860, Gothenburg where he stayed for a few years. In 1863, he practiced in Malmö with G.S. Ekeund. He died in Falun, Sweden, in 1876.
# Alberic Crescitelli

Alberico (Alberic) Crescitelli (1863–1900), Chinese name Guo Xide (Chinese: 郭西德), was an Italian Catholic priest and missionary to China. Born in Italy on 30 June 1863, Alberico Crescitelli entered the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions in 1880 and was ordained a priest on 4 June 1887. The following year he went to China and began work in southern Shaanxi.
Crescitelli was believed to have been killed in the Boxer Rebellion. Crescitelli's confreres, who had known him well and for many years, started his beatification cause in 1908, only eight years after his death. The testimony provided by the confreres was unanimous about the holiness of Crescitelli's life.
At the Vatican, in St. Peter's Basilica on 18 February 1951, Pope Pius XII declared Alberico Crescitelli "blessed." The Pope's speech was memorable especially for the passage in which he described Father Crescitelli's martyrdom:
   Humanly speaking, his death was horrible; perhaps one of the most atrocious recorded in history. Nothing was missing, neither the cruelty of the torments, nor the time they lasted, the most barbaric humiliations, nor the suffering of the heart, nor the hypocritical betrayal of false friends, nor the hostile and threatening screams of his murderers, nor the darkness of being abandoned.
Pope John Paul II included him in the list of 120 Martyr Saints of China canonized in St. Peter's Square on October 1, 2000.
This large group canonisation was bitterly opposed in China itself, with Bishop Fu Tieshan, the leader of the state-run Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association describing it as "intolerable". A statement released by the Chinese Foreign Ministry alleged that "some of those canonised by the Vatican this time perpetrated outrages such as raping or looting in China and committed unforgivable crimes against the Chinese people." A further statement from China's State Administration of Religious Affairs singled out Alberico Crescitelli for special comment, alleging that he had been "notorious for taking the 'right of the first night' of each bride under his diocese." The Catholic Church's Holy Spirit Study Centre in Hong Kong has described the accusations as baseless.
In his homily at the canonisation ceremony on 1 October 2000, Pope John Paul II made a statement asking for forgiveness for any past wrongs by the missionaries to China: "There are those who with a partial and not very objective reading of history see only limits and errors in their action. If they happened - is there any man exempt from defects? - we ask for forgiveness."
# Conrad I, Count of Auxerre

Conrad I the Elder (died about 864) was the count of several counties, most notably the Aargau and Auxerre, around Lake Constance, as well as Paris from 859 to 862/864. He was also the lay abbot of Saint-Germaine in Auxerre. Conrad's father was Welf. He was one of the early Welfs, a member of the Bavarian branch, and his sister Judith was the second wife of Louis the Pious.
In 858, he and his family, abandoned their sovereign Louis the German and went over to Charles the Bald, Judith's son. They were generously rewarded and Conrad was appointed to many countships. Louis the German confiscated his Bavarian fiefs and lands.
The Miracula Sancti Germani calls Conrad Chuonradus princeps (prince, sovereign), when recording his marriage. By some accounts his wife re-married to Robert the Strong after his death.

## Family

Between 834 and 838, Conrad married Adelaide of Tours, daughter of Hugh of Tours. They had:
* Hugh
* Conrad the Younger
* Probably his son was also Welf I count of Alpgau and Linzgau in Swabia
# Leon, Virginia

Leon is an unincorporated community located in Madison County, Virginia, United States.
# Acetyl hypochlorite

Acetyl hypochlorite, also known as chlorine acetate, is a chemical compound with the formula CH$_3$COOCl. It is a photosensitive colorless liquid that is a short lived intermediate in the Hunsdiecker reaction.

## Preparation, properties, and structure

Acetyl hypochlorite is reported to be produced by the reaction of acetic anhydride and dichlorine monoxide at very low temperatures:
    Cl$_2$O + (CH3CO)$_2$O → 2CH$_3$COOCl
The liquid can be distilled at reduced pressure, however it cannot be heated, as it violently decomposes at 100 °C to acetic anhydride, oxygen, and chlorine gas, and reacts with water and alcohols. This is a problem in the Hunsdiecker reaction, as it results in a lower yield from the decomposition of this compound if using water or an alcohol as a solvent, so the reaction uses the nonpolar carbon tetrachloride instead. The compound must be stored under 0 °C in the dark, as it slowly decomposes in the presence of light or above 0 °C into methyl chloride and carbon dioxide.
This compound reacts with various metals such as zinc and mercury to produce their respective chlorides and acetates.
In modern uses, the compound is usually prepared in situ, by the reaction of mercury acetate or acetic acid and chlorine or hypochlorous acid, usually in a solvent such as carbon tetrachloride. The compound is in equilibrium with a mixture of acetic acid and hypochlorous acid.
The carbonyl oxygen and the hypochlorite ion were shown to be on the same side. The O-Cl bond was shown to be 1.70 Å, and the molecular geometry around the central carbon was trigonal planar.

## Uses

This compound is used for the chlorination of various compounds, especially aromatic compounds, such as the chlorination of methyl acetamide, and has been proven to be a better chlorinating agent than molecular chlorine and hypochlorous acid. However, this reaction is an unwanted side reaction in the Hunsdiecker reaction involving aromatic carboxylates.
The Hunsdieker reaction is a mechanism to convert salts of carboxylic acids(usually salts of silver) into organic halides which uses aryl hypohalites, such as acetyl hypochlorite(produced in situ by the reaction of silver acetate and chlorine). In the mechanism of this reaction, 2 is the aryl hypohalite intermediate. However, the chlorine analog of the Hunsdiecker reaction is not efficient compared to the bromine and iodine and is not used very much compared to them due to the inconvenience of using a gaseous reagent.
An important use of this compound is the conversion of alkenes into vicinal diols, such as butene into 1,2-butanediol, where acetyl hypochlorite appears at an intermediate; the iodine version of this reaction is known as the Prévost reaction.
# Blastobasis wollastoni

Blastobasis wollastoni is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found on Madeira.
# Polygona bayeri

Polygona bayeri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
# On Something

"On Something" is a song by the British indie rock band The Crocketts. Credited to Davey MacManus, Owen Hopkin and The Crocketts and produced by Charlie Francis, "On Something" appeared on the band's second album The Great Brain Robbery (2000) and was released as its second single on 3 July 2000.
The music video was directed by Sam Arthur in 2000.

## Composition

The writer and vocalist Davey MacManus has provided the following explanation of the song's meaning:
   We (like most young people) enjoy going out and getting smashed day and night whenever possible. The song is written from the perspective of looking at one of your friends, unconscious in the corner, covered in vomit, crapping himself and chewing his tongue off, but somehow still enjoying himself.

## Reception

Critical reception to "On Something" was generally positive. The music magazine Kerrang! awarded the single a rating of four out of five Ks, noting it as "one of the better tracks" on The Great Brain Robbery. The review provided the following description of the track:
   Beginning with a twee accordion solo before bursting into poetic verses and a crashing crescendo of a chorus it typifies the undescribable, cross-genre appeal of the folky punk 'n' rollers.
The Kerrang! review also praised the single's B-sides, including the addition of the vocalist Mary Hopkin on "Host" and the "rambling prose" and "persuasive acoustic strum" of the previously unreleased song, "Opposite Ends".
A review The Great Brain Robbery in Welsh Bands Weekly identified "On Something" as a particular highlight of the album, claiming that it was "much more the style we're used to from [the band]" and comparing its sound to that of Terrorvision. Daniel Booth of Melody Maker was less positive, simply summarising "On Something" as "a gormless Pavement".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by The Crocketts

## Personnel
### The Crocketts

* Davey MacManus ("Davey Crockett") – vocals, guitar
* Dan Harris ("Dan Boone") – guitar
* Richard Carter ("Rich Wurzel") – bass guitar
* Owen Hopkin ("Owen Cash") – drums

### Guest musicians

* Mary Hopkin – additional vocals on "Host"

### Additional personnel

* Charlie Francis – production on "On Something" (Wheatley mix), "Host" and "Beauty and the Beast", mixing on "Host" and "Beauty and the Beast"
* Simon Askew – production and mixing on "On Something" (BBC live) and "Ella Luciano" (BBC live)
* George Thomas – production assistance and mixing assistance on "On Something" (BBC live) and "Ella Luciano" (BBC live)
* Jeremy Wheatley – mixing on "On Something" (Wheatley mix)
* Curig Huws – recording on "Opposite Ends" (early demo)
# One Man Band (Ronnie Dyson album)

One Man Band is the second album by soul singer Ronnie Dyson on Columbia. Released in 1973, it included four tracks produced by top Philly Sound producer-arranger, Thom Bell. The rest of the album featured previously recorded tracks re-mixed by Bell's collaborator, Linda Creed, including the singer's earlier hit, When You Get Right Down To It and single release, A Wednesday In Your Garden.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Charts

| Year | Album | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | Album | US | US R&B |
| 1973 | One Man Band | 142 | 34 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | Single | US | US R&B | US Dance |
| 1973 | "Just Don't Want To Be Lonely" | 60 | 29 | — |
| 1973 | "One Man Band (Plays All Alone)" | 28 | 15 | — |
# One & Only (Astro song)

"One & Only" is a song recorded by South Korean boy group Astro. It was digitally released on February 23, 2020, by Fantagio Music and distributed by Interpark, and physically on March 13, 2020 as a limited edition. It's the group's first single album.

## Composition

The song was written by all the members of the group, Obros and zomay. It was produced by Obros, zomay, BigGun, Erskineville, alongside members Rocky, Jin Jin and MJ.

## Release

The song was released on February 23, 2020, through several music portals, including MelOn and Apple Music.
It was released as a CD single on March 13, 2020 in South Korea and on March 15 in Japan.

## Commercial performance

The song failed to enter the main Gaon Digital Chart, but debuted and peaked at number 138 on the componing Download Chart.
The single album debuted and peaked at number 4 on the Gaon Album Chart, for the week ending March 14, 2020. It was the 9th best-selling album in March 2020 with 30,000 copies sold. The album sold 13,770 copies in its first week.

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| South Korea (Gaon) | 4 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Various | February 23, 2020 | Digital download | Fantagio Music, Interpark |
| South Korea | March 13, 2020 | CD | Fantagio Music |
| Japan | March 15, 2020 | CD | Interpark |
# On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computer Science

"On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computing Science" is a 1988 scholarly article by E. W. Dijkstra which argues that computer programming should be understood as a branch of mathematics, and that the formal provability of a program is a major criterion for correctness.
Despite the title, most of the article is on Dijkstra’s attempt to put computer science into a wider perspective within science, teaching being addressed as a corollary at the end. Specifically, Dijkstra made a “proposal for an introductory programming course for freshmen” that consisted of Hoare logic as an uninterpreted formal system.

## Debate over feasibility

Since the term "software engineering" was coined, formal verification has almost always been considered too resource-intensive to be feasible. In complex applications, the difficulty of correctly specifying what the program should do in the first place is also a common source of error. Other methods of software testing are generally employed to try to eliminate bugs and many other factors are considered in the measurement of software quality.
Until the end of his life, Dijkstra maintained that the central challenges of computing hadn't been met to his satisfaction, due to an insufficient emphasis on program correctness (though not obviating other requirements, such as maintainability and efficiency).

## Pedagogical legacy

Computer science as taught today does not follow all of Dijkstra's advice. The curricula generally emphasize techniques for managing complexity and preparing for future changes, following Dijkstra's earlier writings. These include abstraction, programming by contract, and design patterns. Programming techniques to avoid bugs and conventional software testing methods are taught as basic requirements, and students are exposed to certain mathematical tools, but formal verification methods are not included in the curriculum except perhaps as an advanced topic. So in some ways, Dijkstra's ideas have been adhered to; however, the ideas he felt most strongly about have not been.
Newly formed curricula in software engineering have adopted Dijkstra's recommendations. The focus of these programs is the formal specification of software requirements and design in order to facilitate the formal validation of system correctness. In Canada, they are often accredited engineering degrees with similar core competencies in physics-based engineering.