OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Melinda Bam

Melinda Bam (born 13 May 1989) is a South African TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss South Africa 2011, becoming the official representative of her country to Miss Universe 2012. She has a swimwear line called Bambshell, for which she worked with South African swimwear brand.

## Early life

Melinda Bam (born Melinda de Kock) was raised in Pretoria. Her father, Deon de Kock, was a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church who killed himself in 1999 after he and Melinda's mom, gospel singer Wanda de Kock, were divorced earlier in the year. He had only served one congregation, Glenharvie, which merged with Westonaria in 1996, where after he was retrenched. Melinda was born in 1989 and has two sisters, Melissa Swart and Sybil Bam. She is a model and studied B.Com. Marketing at the University of Pretoria. She entered Miss South Africa 2011 and won the pageant on her first attempt.

## Miss South Africa 2011

She was crowned Miss South Africa 2011 at an event held at the Sun City Super Bowl on 11 December 2011.

## Miss Universe 2012

Melinda Bam represented South Africa in December at Miss Universe 2012, which was held in Las Vegas, and placed among the top 10.
She did not participate in the Miss World 2012 pageant because if a contestant reaches the top three of the pageant she is not permitted to enter Miss Universe. The 1st princess Remona Moodley represented South Africa at Miss World 2012 instead.

## Miss South Africa national executive

In June 2013 it was announced that Melinda Bam was appointed as national executive for the Miss South Africa Pageant, and she would be in charge of arranging potential sponsors for the pageant, as well as preparing the outgoing queens to both the Miss World and Miss Universe pageants. Her management proved successful and partly due to her guidance, secured the crown for 2014 Miss World titleholder Rolene Strauss.

## Personal life

Her family name is of German origin. Bam announced in November 2013 that she is engaged to Mr South Africa 2011, Adriaan Bergh. The two former beauty pageant title carriers got engaged during a holiday in Dubai. They were married in November 2014 at Oakfield Farm, Gauteng, South Africa.
# PWG

PWG may refer to:
* Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, an American professional wrestling promotion based in Southern California
* Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War, usually called People's War Group (PWG)
* The Printer Working Group
* PWG Raster, an image format created by the Printer Working Group
* The Working Group on Financial Markets, also known as the President's Working Group on Financial Markets
* Proto-West Germanic
# Muskiki Formation

The Muskiki Formation is a stratigraphical unit of Late Cretaceous age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.
The formation is named after Muskiki Lake and Muskiki Creek, a tributary of the Cardinal River, and was first described in an outcrop along the Thistle Creek, north of Muskiki Lake, in the Bighorn Range, by D.F. Stott in 1963. The name is of Cree origin ("maskihkîy"), meaning medicine.

## Lithology

The Muskiki Formation is composed of shale with pebbly mudstone. Poorly sorted sandstone and concretionary beds also occur. In the western areal it becomes more silty.

## Distribution

The Muskiki Formation is 99 metres (320 ft) thick at its type locality at Thistle Creek. It thins out towards the south and east. It occurs in the Canadian Rockies foothills from the Highwood River in the south to the Berland River, north of the Athabasca River and into north-eastern British Columbia.

## Relationship to other units

The Muskiki Formationis is part of the Smoky Group. It is conformably underlain by the Cardium Formation and conformably overlain by the Bad Heart Formation.
The Kaskapau Formation in northern Alberta replaces the upper Blackstone Formation, the Cardium Formation, and the Muskiki Formation. Where the Kaskapau Formation includes post Cardium beds, the Muskiki is considered a member of the Wapiabi Formation.
# Bertman Foods Company

Bertman Foods Company, founded as Joseph Bertman, Inc., is a wholesale grocery business which began in the 1920s in Cleveland, Ohio. It is best known for a formulation of mustard that became iconic in Cleveland, Ohio, spawning two brands, Bertman Original Ball Park Mustard and Stadium Mustard.
The company sold pickles, salad dressings, spices, coffees, teas, and canned and dried foods products to schools, hospitals, and other large-scale food operations. His company supplied mustard to League Park (then the home of the Cleveland Indians) and later to Cleveland Stadium. Bertman invented his spicy brown mustard in 1921.
Bertman's mustard, under the family label, is served at Progressive Field and Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, and is distributed retail in supermarkets and online through the company's website.

## History

Joseph "Joe" Bertman began the business in his twenties with a partner in a garage at the Bertman home at E. 147th near Kinsman, where spices and pickles were processed and packaged. The partner was bought out during the first few years of the business. Bertman expanded his sales territory from Cleveland to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. After WWII he had negotiated exclusive distribution rights to many food products with a fleet of trucks and a large sales force.
The company moved to 653 E. 103rd by the mid-1930s, and changed its name to Bertman Pickle Co.. Not too shortly after that, the company moved again, this time to 2180 E. 76th. The company changed its name to Bertman Foods Company, which is now located at 7777 Grand Avenue in Cleveland.
# Bannikoppa

Bannikoppa is a village in the Koppal district of Karnataka state, India.

## Demographics

Per the 2011 Census of India, Bannikoppa has a total population of 2707; of whom 1363 are male and 1344 female.
# News Media Ownership v Findlay

News Media Ownership v Findlay [1970] NZLR 1089 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the defence of fair comment / honest opinion to a claim involving defamation.

## Background

News Media's newspaper Truth ran a campaign to bring back caning. In the process, they made allegations against opposition MP Findlay that his views to the contrary were based on the fact that as he was a lawyer, he was more interested in the extra legal fees an anti-caning policy would bring him, rather than any perceived interest in victims of domestic violence.
Findlay, later sued for defamation, and was later awarded $15,000. NMO appealed.

## Held

The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal.
# Director of Immigration

The Director of Immigration is the head of the Immigration Department of the Hong Kong Government, which is responsible for immigration issues and controlling entry ports into Hong Kong.

## List of Directors of Immigration

| | Name | Term of office | Term of office | |
| 1 | J. Moore 穆雅 | 1961 | 1965 | |
| 2 | W. E. Collard 戈立 | 1965 | 1974 | |
| 3 | J. M. Rowlands 羅能士 | 1974 | 1978 | |
| 4 | R. G. B. Bridge 布立之 | 1978 | 1983 | |
| 5 | A. J. Carter 賈達德 | 1983 | 1989 | Last British Director |
| 6 | Laurence Leung Ming-yin [zh] 梁銘彥 | 1989 | 1996 | |
| 7 | Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee 葉劉淑儀 | 1996 | 30 June 1997 | |
| Handover of Hong Kong ||||||
| 1 | Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee 葉劉淑儀 | 1 July 1997 | 1998 | |
| 2 | Ambrose Lee Siu-kwong 李少光 | 1998 | 2002 | |
| 3 | Lai Tung-kwok 黎楝國 | 1 July 2002 | 7 April 2008 | |
| 4 | Simon Peh Yun-lu 白韞六 | 7 April 2008 | 28 March 2011 | |
| 5 | Eric Chan 陳國基 | 28 March 2011 | 5 April 2016 | |
| 6 | Erick Tsang 曾國衞 | 5 April 2016 | 22 April 2020 | |
| 7 | Au Ka-wang 區嘉宏 | 2 July 2020 | 19 September 2023 | |
| 8 | Benson Kwok 郭俊峯 | 19 September 2023 | Incumbent | |
# The F-Men

The F-Men were a pastiche of X-Men who first appeared in E-Man #2 of First Comics in 1982.

## Original F-men story

The F-Men were all parodies of Marvel Comics characters who were given superpowers by Ford Fairmont, the blind CEO of Fairview Sunglasses who wished to create the superhero characters in reality. He kidnapped various people around New York City and gave them the powers and personalities of The F-Men. After E-Man and W.I.M.P. (who published the F-Men comics) intervened, everyone was returned to normal.

## Roster

* Albatross (Phoenix) a.k.a. Nova Caine of E-Man
* Zitpops (Cyclops)
* Clodhoppus (Colossus)
* Drizzle (Storm)
* Airhead (Kitty Pryde)
* Slimesquirmer (Nightcrawler)
* The Weasel (Wolverine)
# Olenecamptus hebridarum

Olenecamptus hebridarum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1936.
# Melinda Airport

Melinda Airport (IATA: MDB, ICAO: MZML) is an airstrip just east of Hope Creek, a village in the Stann Creek District of Belize. The gravel runway is on the south edge of the Melinda Forest Reserve, and just off the Hummingbird Highway.
The Belize VOR-DME (Ident: BZE) is located 32.2 nautical miles (60 km) north of the runway.
# POLR2K

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2K gene.
This gene encodes one of the smallest subunits of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit is shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases.

## Interactions

POLR2K has been shown to interact with POLR2C.
# Palafoxia callosa

Palafoxia callosa, commonly known as the small palafox, is a species of flowering plant in the aster family.
It is native to North America, where it is found in the south-central United States and in the state of Coahuila in Mexico. A disjunct population is found in the Blackland Prairie region of Mississippi in the United States. Its natural habitat is rocky, calcareous soil in glades and prairies. It is less commonly found along the banks of streams.
Palafoxia callosa is an annual. It produces heads of pink to white flowers in late summer and fall. Its narrow leaves are often wilted by flowering time.
# Musketoon

The musketoon is a shorter-barrelled version of the musket and served in the roles of a shotgun or carbine. Musketoons could be of the same caliber as the issue musket or of a much larger caliber, 1.0–2.5 inches (25–63 mm). The musketoon is most commonly associated with naval use, and pirates in particular, though they also served in a carbine role with cavalry. Musketoon barrels were often flared at the muzzle, resembling a cannon or blunderbuss.

## Description

Musketoons had a brass or iron barrel, and used a wheellock, flintlock or caplock firing mechanism, like the typical musket of the period. They were fired from the shoulder like the musket, but the shorter length (barrels were as short as a foot (30 cm) long) made them easier to handle for those in restricted conditions, such as mounted infantry and naval boarding parties.
Smaller bore musketoons matched the caliber of the muskets in service, and were generally used the same way, with single musket ball or a buck and ball load, while large bore musketoons were loaded with multiple buckshot or pistol balls (generally smaller in diameter than musket balls) and used as shotguns. It is this type of loading that is most associated with naval use. Their resemblance to earlier weapons like the blunderbuss has led to their misidentification in both scholarly and popular media.

## Service

Due to its smaller size and weight the "Paget carbine" was used through the Napoleonic wars by the British cavalry units. It had a 16 inch smoothbore barrel and could be better wielded from horseback than the standard "Brown Bess" musket or Baker rifle. The British army updated their cavalry carbines in the percussion era, issuing the Enfield pattern of 1858 and the 1861 artillery or cavalry carbines, both with 24 inch rifled barrels. Other European armies also armed their cavalry units with shorter-barreled carbines or musketoons.
Musketoons saw service with the US Army on land as the short length musket-caliber Springfield Model 1847 Musketoon. The weapons were issued to antebellum dragoons and Sappers & Miners between the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War and are known to have been used at the Battle of Pine Creek, and by Captain Andrew Jackson Smith's forces near Big Meadows.
# Dendrobium dearei

Dendrobium dearei (Deare's dendrobium) is a species of orchid of the genus Dendrobium. It is found in the Borneo and the Philippines. It grows to a maximum size of 7.5 cm.
# Banniganur

Banniganur also spelled as Banniganooru is a village in the Sindhanur taluk of Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Banniganur is located near to Pothnal stream joining Tungabhadra river. Banniganur lies on road connecting Pothnal-Balganur. A

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Banniganur had a population of 1,461 with 715 males and 746 females and 256 Households.
# Nick Sebek

Nicholas Sebek (October 11, 1927 – November 27, 2007) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Indiana University and was drafted in the 25th round of the 1949 NFL draft.
# Director of Education (Hong Kong)

The Director of Education was a position in the Hong Kong Government. The officeholder headed the former Education Department.

## History

As a result of restructuring in 1983, the old Education Department was reorganised into the Education and Manpower Branch and the Education Department. The old position of Director of Education (教育司) was, accordingly, split into the Secretary for Education and Manpower and Director of Education (教育署長), with the latter reporting to the former.
Before 1983, the Director of Education may be appointed by the Governor as ex-officio member of the Legislative Council. After 1983 and before 1991, it would be the Secretary for Education and Manpower to serve in the Legislative Council.
The position was abolished in 2003. The functions of the Director of Education were transferred to the Permanent Secretary for Education in 2003, following the passage of the Education Reorganization (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill 2002 in the Legislative Council.

## Trivia

Before its abolishment in 2003, the position was considered a stepping stone to secretary-level positions (permanent secretary-level after 2002), since the Director of Education was among the only two D7 positions according to the Civil Service Directorate Pay Scale, whereas the secretaries are D8 positions.

## List of office holders

* Colvyn Hugh Haye (1980 – 1984)
* Leung Man-kin (1984 – 1987)
* Li Yuet-ting (1987 – 1992)
* Dominic Wong (1992 – 1994)
* Lam Woon-kwong (1994 – 1996)
* Helen Yu (1996 – 1998)
* Fanny Law (November 1998 – June 2000)
* Matthew Cheung (2000 – July 2002)
* Lee Hing Fai (acting) 2002 – 1 January 2003
# Pilula

Pilula is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Pilula include:
* Pilula praetumida
# Okpo Land

Okpo Land was an amusement park based in the outskirts of Okpo-dong, South Korea. It opened in 1996 and closed in 1999 allegedly after a series of fatal accidents, in particular the death of a child who fell from the duck rollercoaster ride. The legitimacy of these claims have been put in dispute for several years, with the rumors believed to be originating from a derailed cart from the rollercoaster ride. A more likely reasoning behind the closure of the park is said to have been due to financial issues deriving from an economic crisis that affected South Korea from 1997 through 1998.
The remnants of Okpo Land were demolished in 2011, so that a hotel can be constructed on its former location.
# Melinda Ballard

Melinda Ballard (1958–2013) was an American businesswoman and activist for insurance policyholders. In 1999, she sued her insurer over mold damage in her 22-room family home in Dripping Springs, Texas. Her three-year-old son, Reese Allison, developed an unexplained respiratory condition in March 1999. Her husband, Ron Allison (1970-2021), was later shown to have signs of Alzheimer's disease. On April 1, 1999, after the start of Ron and Reese‘s symptoms, Melinda took a Southwest Airlines flight and became ill, coughing up blood. Air-quality expert and investigator Bill Holder, who happened to be sitting in the adjacent seat, asked if there was a leak in their home which she confirmed. He speculated that her ill health could be due to a toxic form of black mold in their 12,000 square foot home, which was based on the movie version of "Tara", the home of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With the Wind. Their case started as a single claim for water damage and turned into a case about mold contamination in the entire house. They were one of the first cases to highlight the dangerous results of toxic mold and increased public awareness of the dangers of mold.
She and her husband, Ron Allison, were awarded $32 million in 2001 as a result of a lawsuit against Farmers Insurance for their failure to pay claims relating to mold damage. The award was later reduced to $4 million on appeal however a subsequent settlement awarded a larger, confidential sum to the family. As a result of her case and the attention she received, Ballard founded Policyholders of America, a consumer advocacy group and homeowner’s insurance information clearinghouse in around 2004.
Ballard's marriage with her third husband Allison started in 1994 but ended in 2003. She died in 2013 at the age of 55.
# POLR2F

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2F gene.
This gene encodes the sixth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes, that is also shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases. In yeast, this polymerase subunit, in combination with at least two other subunits, forms a structure that stabilizes the transcribing polymerase on the DNA template.

## Interactions

POLR2F has been shown to interact with POLR2C.
# Basket Lattes Montpellier Agglomération

Basket Lattes Montpellier Agglomération (BLMA) is a French professional women's basketball club from Lattes, Montpellier Agglomération. Founded in 1974 as Basket Lattes-Maurin Montpellier, it took its current name in 2002.
Lattes won the 2011 national cup and was the national championship's runner-up in 2008. It has played the Euroleague in 2009 and 2012, in addition to three Eurocup appearances.

## Titles

* Ligue Féminine de Basketball
    Champions (2): 2013–14, 2015–16
* Coupe de France
    Champions (4): 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016

## Roster
### Current roster

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
# Bereket, Bor

Bereket is a village in Bor District of Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 253 (2022). It is situated in the Central Anatolian plains on Turkish state highway D.805. Its distance to Bor is 21 kilometres (13 mi), to Niğde is 36 kilometres (22 mi).
# Baltic nuclear power plant

Baltic nuclear power plant may refer to:
* Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, a shuttered power plant in Lithuania
* Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant, a planned power plant in Lithuania
* Kaliningrad Nuclear Power Plant, under construction in Russia
# Nicholas Saunders (vice-chancellor)

Nicholas Andrew Saunders, AO (born 26 June 1946) is an Australian academic who served as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Newcastle from 2004 to 2011.

## Early life

Saunders was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and attended Newington College (1959–1962), before graduating in medicine from the University of Sydney.

## Medical and academic career

Saunders undertook his specialist physician training at Royal North Shore Hospital. In 1974 he spent two years as a Research Fellow at McMaster University Medical Centre in Canada, followed by two years as assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. He was a foundation member of the University of Newcastle Faculty of Medicine in 1978 and Professor of Medicine from 1983.
Saunders practiced as a specialist in respiratory and sleep medicine at the Royal Newcastle Hospital and then the John Hunter Hospital from 1990 until 1992, where he was also Chair of the Department of Medicine. From Newcastle he went on to become the Head of the Faculty of Health Sciences and Dean of the School of Medicine at Flinders University, South Australia between 1993 and 1998. From 1998 to 2003 he was Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences at Monash University, Victoria.

## University leadership

Saunders commenced a five-year term as Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Newcastle in 2004, following his long-standing association with the university and the Hunter River district. During his time at Newcastle, Saunders cut more than 400 positions—one job in five—to deal with the university's financial woes.

## Appointments

Saunders has served on the following boards and councils:
* Chair – National Health and Medical Research Council
* Member – Higher Education Council
* Member – Prime Minister's Science Engineering and Innovation Council
* Member – Australian Research Council
* Member – Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Council
* Chair – Committee of Deans of Australian Medical Schools
* Member – Newington College Council

## Honours

On 1 January 2001, Saunders was awarded the Centenary Medal for "outstanding leadership in medicine and education as Dean of Medicine, Monash University". On 11 June 2012, he was named an Officer of the Order of Australia for "distinguished service to medicine and to higher education through administration and clinical leadership roles, and as a significant contributor to national academic and professional organisations."