# Palais Universitaire, Strasbourg

The Palais Universitaire in Strasbourg is a large, neo-Renaissance style building, constructed between 1879 and 1884 under the direction of the German architect Otto Warth. It was inaugurated in 1884 by Wilhelm I, Emperor of Germany. Through Avenue de la Liberté (former Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße), it faces the equally monumental former imperial palace (Kaiserpalast).
The building served for several decades as the centre of the new imperial University of Strasbourg. The old university transferred from the buildings that it had occupied for centuries at the Jean Sturm Gymnasium to the new ones located in the Neustadt.

## Italianate features

The architect, Otto Warth (1845–1918), from Karlsruhe, was young when he was entrusted with the design of the building. He had just returned from a one-year study visit to Italy, and his passion for Italian classical architecture is reflected in some of the Italianate features of the Palais.

## The Aula

One of the most distinctive features of the building is the Aula, which measures 25 m by 29 m and 16 m high, which Warth modeled on the Villa Garzoni in Pontecasale, Candiana. It is decorated with a monumental seated statue of Ramses II, 2.15 m (7 ft 1 in) high, brought in 1933 by Pierre Montet.
In 2012, the Aula was dedicated to Marc Bloch, former professor at the university, shot by the Nazis in 1944.

## Statuary

The Palais is striking for the statuary of its façades, which pay hommage to a number of scientists, theologians, theoricians and thinkers with Germanic connections, thirty-six in all, as follows:
1. von Baer, Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn (1792 – 1876), scientist and explorer
2. Bopp, Franz Bopp (1791 – 1867), linguist
3. Böckh, August Böckh or Boeckh (1785 – 1867), classical scholar and antiquarian
4. von Buch, Christian Leopold von Buch (1774 – 1853), geologist and paleontologist
5. Calvin, John or Jean Calvin (1509 – 1564), theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva
6. Copernicus, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543), polymath, mathematician, astronomer
7. Eichhorn, Karl Friedrich Eichhorn (1781 – 1854), jurist
8. von Fraunhofer, Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer (1787 – 1826), physicist and optical lens manufacturer.
9. Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777 – 1855), mathematician and physicist
10. Jac. Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm (1785 – 1863), linguist, philologist, jurist, and folklorist
11. von Guericke, Otto von Guericke (1602 – 1686), scientist, inventor, and politician
12. von Haller, Albrecht von Haller (also known as Albertus de Haller; 1708 – 1777), anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, encyclopedist, bibliographer and poet
13. von Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (1769 – 1859), geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science
14. Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804 – 1851), mathematician
15. Kant, Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804), philosopher
16. Kepler, Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630), astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music
17. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (1646 – 1716), polymath, mathematician, philosopher, scientist, and diplomat
18. von Liebig, Justus Freiherr von Liebig (1803 – 1873), one of the founders of organic chemistry
19. Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729 – 1781), philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic
20. Luther, Martin Luther (1483 – 1546), priest, theologian and hymnwriter.
21. Melanchthon, Philip Melanchthon (1497 – 1560), Lutheran reformer
22. Müller, Johannes Peter Müller (1801 – 1858), physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist,
23. Niebuhr, Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776 – 1831), statesman, banker, and historian
24. Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493 – 1541), physician, alchemist, lay theologian and philosopher
25. v. Pufendorf, Samuel Freiherr von Pufendorf (1632 – 1694), jurist, political philosopher, economist and historian
26. Savigny, Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779 – 1861), jurist and historian
27. Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768 – 1834), Reformed theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar
28. v. Schwarzenberg, Johann of Schwarzenberg (1463 – 1528), moralist and reformer
29. Schöpflin, Johann Daniel Schöpflin (1694 – 1771), professor of history, rhetoric and law at the University of Strasbourg
30. Sleidanus, Johannes Sleidanus or Sleidan (1506-1556), historian of the Reformation
31. Spener, Philipp Spener (1635-1705), Lutheran theologian, founder of Pietism
32. Joh. Sturm, Johannes or Jean Sturm (1507 – 1589), educator and Protestant reformer
33. Werner, Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749 – 1817), geologist
34. Winckelmann, Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717 – 1768), art historian and archaeologist
35. F.A Wolf, Friedrich August Wolf (1759 – 1824), classicist, founder of modern philology
36. Zwingli, Huldrych or Ulrich Zwingli (1484 – 1531), leader of the Reformation in Switzerland
Two allegorical statues representing Germania (Germany) and Argentina (Strasbourg), the former removed in 1918 and the latter destroyed in 1945, were replaced in their respective niche on the façade in 2014, after having been restored and/or replicated based on photos.

## Monument historique

On 21 May 1990, the hall, the Aula and the main stairways were classified as a monument historique.

## Council of Europe

The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe held its first session in this building, from 8 August to 10 September 1949.

## University Press

The Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, reputedly the oldest university press in France, has had its headquarters in the building ever since it was founded in 1920.

## Gypsothèque

The Palace's basement houses the Gypsothèque de Strasbourg, also known as Musée des moulages (plaster cast museum). This classical cast collection was initiated with the founding of the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität in 1872 by Adolf Michaelis, a distinguished classical scholar and art history pioneer. Next to casts of works like Harmodius and Aristogeiton, Apollo Belvedere, Aphrodite of Cnidus and the metopes of the Parthenon, the museum also displays casts of works by Antoine Bourdelle. The collection is the second largest cast collection in France and the largest university cast collection of France. The collections were moved into the Palace's basement in 1939, with the outbreak of World War II, and have stayed there since, although plans have periodically been made to move them into a separate building.

## Gallery

* The Palace's motto on top of the avant-corps
* Statues of Ramses II in the Grand hall
* World War II commemorative plaque inside the Palace
* Statues of the scholars Immanuel Kant, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Johannes Peter Müller and Friedrich Carl von Savigny
* Statues of Nicolaus Copernicus, Abraham Gottlob Werner, Leopold von Buch and Alexander von Humboldt
* Statues of Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, Samuel von Pufendorf and Johann von Schwarzenberg
* Inside the Gypsothèque below the Palace
* Inside the Gypsothèque below the Palace