OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phillip Bridges

Sir Phillip Rodney Bridges CMG QC (9 July 1922 – 26 December 2007) was a British barrister and judge, who latterly served as Chief Justice of the Gambia from 1968 to 1983.

## Early life

Bridges was born on 9 July 1922 near Bedford, the son of Sir Ernest Bridges, a commodore of Royal Mail Lines. He was educated at Bedford School.

## Military service

Bridges was commissioned into the Royal Artillery after he left school. He was attached to the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) and served with them in Burma. He fought in the Arakan Campaign, where he was involved in a five-month journey that involved crossing ten rivers. According to The Telegraph, he recalled one occasion when the man standing next to him was killed, and another where he escaped an ambush only to encounter the enemy again running in the opposite direction. He was demobilised in 1946.

## Legal career

After his military service, Bridges qualified as a solicitor in the United Kingdom. In 1954, he was posted to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate as a lands officer. He worked as Registrar General and Assistant Attorney General before becoming Solicitor General in 1963 and Attorney General in 1964. He helped draft the Gambian constitution prior to independence.
The Gambia became independent in 1965, but Bridges remained in his post until 1968. This was unusual for post-independence African countries and he was the only European in the Gambian cabinet after independence.
Bridges was appointed as Chief Justice of the Gambia in 1968 and continued in this role until 1983. He earned a reputation for "fairness, tolerance, and above all, kindness." He learned the Wolof language while in the country. At one point, as Chief Justice, he reportedly earned the anger of Sir Dawda Jawara, the then President of the Gambia, for recalling Hugh Latimer's warning before being burned at the stake in 1555: "Corruption bringeth rebellion." He was described as "an anomaly of Gambian tolerance" by The New York Times in 1977.
Bridges was made a Queen's Counsel in 1964, was appointed CMG in 1967, and was knighted in 1973. He was also made an Honorary Commander of the National Order of The Republic of The Gambia (CRG) by Sir Dawda Jawara.

## Retirement and death

He retired to England in 1983 and became the representative of The Gambia Legion in the UK and an honorary legal advisor to the British Ex-Commonwealth Services League. He contributed a chapter to The Gambia's Studies in Politics and Society, published in 1991. He died in December 2007 in Suffolk. Writing in 2012, Hassan Bubacar Jallow said that Bridges' "sense of justice and fair play, his personal integrity and deep dedication to the Gambian people were never at any time in question during his long career."
# The writing hand

The writing hand is a mechanical automaton created by Friedrich von Knauss in 1764. A clockwork mechanism moves a hand which dips a pen into an inkstand and writes the phrase "Huic Domui Deus / Nec metas rerum / Nec tempora ponat" ("May God not impose ends or deadlines on this house") on a small card. On the silver-coating of the mechanism are the words "Pro patria".
The instrument was dedicated by von Knauss to the House of Lorraine, which ruled at that time in Tuscany.
The object is housed in Room 10 of the Museo Galileo in Florence (inventory no. 3195). It is made of copper and silver and measures 680mm x 1000mm.
# Eisbrecher (Eisbrecher album)

Eisbrecher is the debut studio album by German Neue Deutsche Härte band Eisbrecher, released on 26 January 2004 via ZYX Music in Europe and Dancing Ferret Discs Inc. in the US. Original shipments of the CD came packaged with a region-free multimedia DVD and two pressed, blank CDs intended to show the band's position on copyright infringement. The album hit the Deutsche Alternative Charts at No. 13.

## Personnel

* Alexander Wesselsky – vocals
* Noel Pix – instruments
* M. Smart – co-wrote various songs
# Callistemon 'Lilacinus'

Callistemon 'Lilacinus' is a cultivar of the genus Callistemon. It grows to between 2.5 and 4 metres high and has purplish-violet inflorescences. Leaves are smooth and sharp pointed, with thick margins and are 40 to 100 mm long and 6 to 18 mm wide.
The cultivar was first selected in Berlin in 1913 from plants raised from seed collected near Como, New South Wales by German botanist Ernst Betsche in 1894. At this time, it was referred to as C. lanceolatus var lilacina. In 1925 Edwin Cheel gave the cultivar the species name Callistemon lilacinus, but this was later brought in line with other cultivars and amended to C. 'Lilacinus'.
The cultivar has often been referred to as C. 'Violaceus'.
Two other forms of C.lilacinus were described by Cheel:
* C lilacinus f. albus, which was "discovered in nature" at Long Bay by Mr H. Burrell, and currently given the name C. citrinus 'Lilacinus Albus'.
* C lilacinus f. carminus, a reddish-purple flowering form exhibited at the Linnean Society of New South Wales and currently given the name C. citrinus 'Lilacinus Carminus'. It was raised by E. Ashby in South Australia.
# Polyidaceae

Polyidaceae is a red algae family in the order Gigartinales.
# Beerellus

Beerellus taxodii is a species of beetles in the family Buprestidae, the only species in the genus Beerellus.
# Pendant (disambiguation)

A pendant is a piece of jewellery.
Pendant may also refer to:

## Ships and aircraft

* Arresting gear, which use deck pendant cables to rapidly decelerate an aircraft as it lands on an aircraft carrier
* Nautical pendant, a length of cable or rope with eyes or fittings at the ends for attachment to vessels, bollards or buoys
* Pennant number, previously called a pendant number, a British Navy and Commonwealth system for classifying warships
* Pennon (or pennant), a narrow, tapering flag commonly flown by ships at sea:
** Pennant (commissioning), the traditional sign of a warship, flown from its masthead while the ship is in commission
** Broad pennant, flown from the masthead of a Royal Navy ship to indicate the presence of a commodore on board
** Pennant (church), flown by navies during services on board ships

## The arts

* Pendant (art), paintings, sculptures, or other works of art intended as a pair
* Pendant (musician), Brian Leeds (born 1991), American electronic musician
* Pendant vault, a late Gothic architecture vault

## Other uses

* Pendant bar, a fluvial landform
* Pendant group, a group of molecules attached to a backbone chain of a long molecule
* Pendant light, a type of light fixture
* Pendant vertex, a vertex whose neighbourhood contains exactly one vertex
* Roof pendant, in structural geology, a mass of country rock that projects downward into an igneous intrusion
# CG-17

CG-17 may refer to :
* Douglas XCG-17, a conversion of the American C-47 Skytrain transport as an assault glider
* USS Harry E. Yarnell (CG-17), Leahy-class guided missile cruiser of the United States Navy
# Phillip Brian Harper

Phillip Brian Harper is a literary scholar and cultural critic. He currently serves as Program Director for Higher Learning at The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and was previously Dean for the Graduate School of Arts and Science at New York University. Harper is best known for his work in modern and contemporary literature, African American literature and culture, and gender and sexuality studies.

## Work

Harper's fields of study include modern and contemporary U.S. literary and cultural studies; African American literary, cultural, and fine art studies; aesthetics and social theory; and gender and sexuality studies.
His 1999 book, Private Affairs: Critical Ventures in the Culture of Social Relations, explores the social and cultural significance of the private, proposing that privacy is limited by one's racial-and sexual-minority status. Art critic Douglas Crimp wrote, "Private Affairs teaches us how thoroughly complex is the negotiation of privacy and publicity when we attend to gender and sexuality, race and class."
In 2015, Harper published Abstractionist Aesthetics: Artistic Form and Social Critique in African American Culture, a series of essays arguing for displacing realism as the primary mode of African American representational aesthetics. Rather, Harper argues, cultural producers should re-center literature as a principal site of African American cultural politics and elevate experimental prose within the domain of African American literature. The book explored the artistic practices of visual artists Fred Wilson and Kara Walker, the music of Billie Holiday and Cecil Taylor, and the writings of Ntozake Shange, Alice Walker, and John Keene. Professor Brent Hayes Edwards of Columbia University wrote,
   "With fine-tuned readings, Abstractionist Aesthetics is a devastating critique of the all-too-common presumption that variants of realism are the only effective option for a black art that would respond to the history of racial deprivation.”
At NYU, Harper was the Founding Chair of the Department of Social and Cultural Analysis (SCA). He also served as Director of Graduate Studies in American Studies, in English, and in SCA; as Director of the American Studies and Gender and Sexuality Programs; and as Chair of the Department of English.
# The world, the flesh, and the devil (disambiguation)

The world, the flesh, and the devil are often traditionally described as the three enemies of the soul in Christian theology.
The world, the flesh, and the devil may also refer to:
* The World, the Flesh & the Devil: An Enquiry into the Future of the Three Enemies of the Rational Soul, a 1929 non-fiction book by J.D. Bernal
* The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1891 novel), an English novel by Mary Elizabeth Braddon
* The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1914 film), a British drama film
* The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1959 film), an American science fiction film
* The World, the Flesh and the Devil, a 1985 Scottish historical novel, by Reay Tannahill
# El Tule

El Tule may refer to:
* El Árbol del Tule, largest girth tree in the world, in Santa María del Tule, Oaxaca, Mexico
* El Tule, Chihuahua in El Tule Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico
* El Tule Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico
* El Tule, Zacatecas, Mexico
* El Tule a Latin group from Austin, TX
# Caladenia calcicola

Caladenia calcicola, commonly known as the Bats Ridges spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area near the Victoria - South Australia border. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two glossy, pale yellow flowers with maroon markings.

## Description

Caladenia calcicola is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single lance-shaped, hairy leaf, 5–13 cm (2–5 in) long, 4–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide. A single 35–40 mm (1–2 in) wide is borne on a hairy spike 11–22 cm (4–9 in) high. (On rare occasions there are two flowers and sometimes the spike is up to 28 cm (10 in) high.) The lateral sepals and petals are pale, glossy yellow with a red stripe down the centre. The lateral sepals spread widely, turn downwards, 1–4 cm (0.4–2 in) long, 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide and taper to thread-like, glandular, yellow to reddish tips 2–9 mm (0.08–0.4 in) long. The petals are slightly shorter than the sepals and taper to a thin, pointed end. The labellum is 8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long, 7–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide when flattened, partly red and yellowish-cream coloured near its base. The sides of the labellum have linear teeth up to 1 mm (0.04 in) long, decreasing in size towards the front. There are four or six rows of flattened calli along the centre of the flat part of the labellum. Flowering occurs from mid-September to early November.

## Taxonomy and naming

The species was first formally described by Geoffrey Carr in 1986 and the description was published in Muelleria from a specimen collected near Portland. The specific epithet (calcicola) is derived from Latin words meaning "lime" and "dweller".

## Distribution and habitat

This caladenia grows on low limestone ridges in a few areas west of Portland and a short distance into South Australia.

## Conservation

Caladenia calcicola is classified as "vulnerable" under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act, as "Endangered" under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act and as "Threatened" under the Victorian Government Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The total population in 2007 was estimated to be less than 300. The main threats are grazing, quarrying activities and unsuitable fire regimes.
# N.N. Club

N.N. Club or N.N. Kilburn—N.N. standing for "No Names" —was an amateur English football club based in the Kilburn district of London.

## History

The club's first recorded matches were victories over Barnes F. C. in January and April 1863. It was one of the eleven founding sides of the Football Association on 26 October 1863, and was represented by club captain Arthur Pember, who was elected as the FA's first president.
Although the N.N.s enjoyed goodwill as an FA founder, and in 1866 was one of the mere three clubs that played exclusively Association laws, the club was never considered one of the elite clubs, and, after Arthur Pember's emigration in 1868, interest in the club dwindled. In the 1869–70 season, the club often had to play without new captain Tebbutt and by the time of the club's final reported match - a defeat by Upton Park FC on 5 February 1870 - only seven members turned up to play.
The club sent a representative to the annual meeting of the Football Association that month, and two players in the first representative match between England and Scotland on 3 March 1870 (Alfred Baker and George Gordon) are listed as N.N. players, but subsequent published lists of fixtures fail to show any activity from the club and there are no further results for the club available. The club is absent from lists of Football Association members from 1871 onwards.
The Brondesbury club, founded in 1871, was considered a resurrection of N.N. and occasionally listed as Brondesbury N.N.

## Colours

The club's colours were blue jerseys, with N.N. embroidered on the chest in red letters.

## Ground

The club originally played in a field adjoining the Edgware Road in Kilburn, but did not play any home matches from December 1866 until the next season because it was frequently under water; in 1867 the club secured a pitch near St Mark's Church, a 10-minute walk from Edgware Road station. In 1869 it moved back to Edgware Road, adjoining the station.

## Nickname

The club's nickname of the Mudlarks came from the poor state of its original Edgware Road ground, described as a "mire".
# The Northbound Limited

The Northbound Limited is a 1927 Australian film. It was directed by Greg Palmer who was only 17 when he made it. A copy of the film exists at the National Film and Sound Archive.

## Plot

A brother and sister live on a farm in south-eastern New South Wales which possesses valuable timber. The timber is felled by a nearby mill owner for the benefit of the brother and sister, although at the time it appears to be a devious act. While the suspected villain rides on the Sydney Express (The Northbound Limited), he is chased by the brother and the mill owner's daughter. Following the train chase, the misunderstanding is revealed when the mill owner presents a cheque for felled timber from the land.

## Cast

* Greg Palmer
* Thelma Nelson
* Robert Williams
* Phyllis Blake

## Production

The film included documentary scenes of Melbourne, Wangaratta, and the country town of Seymour are shown. It took Palmer six months to make. It was finished in September 1926.

## Release

In December 1926 the film screened privately in Melbourne.
# Rans S-9 Chaos

The Rans S-9 Chaos is an American single-engined, tractor configuration, single-seat, mid-wing monoplane designed by Randy Schlitter for aerobatics and manufactured by Rans Inc. The Chaos is available in kit form for amateur construction.
Production of the S-9 was ended as part of Rans' reorganization of its product line on 1 June 2006, after having been available for 20 years, but the S-9 was reintroduced in about 2009 and is again available.

## Design and development

The S-9 Chaos was designed by Randy Schlitter in 1986 as an inexpensive aerobatic aircraft that will allow sportsman competition aerobatics to be flown or even advanced aerobatics if inverted fuel and oil systems are installed. The Chaos is also a capable cross country aircraft.
Like many Rans models, the S-9 features a welded 4130 steel tube cockpit, with a bolted aluminum tube rear fuselage. All fuselage, wing and tail surfaces are covered in dope and fabric. The reported construction time is 500 man-hours.
The Chaos has conventional landing gear. The basic engine is the Rotax 503 of 50 hp (37 kW), with the Rotax 582 of 64 hp (48 kW) and the Hirth 3701 of 100 hp (75 kW) available as options.
The S-10 Sakota aerobatic two-seater was later developed from the S-9.

## Operational history

There were 215 S-9s built and flown by December 2011.
In November 2010 there were 61 S-9s registered in the United States, along with three registered in Canada and two in the UK. Another 23 were on the registers of European countries west of Russia.

## Specifications (S-9)

Data from Kitplanes and Aerocrafter
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 15 ft 8 in (4.78 m)
* Wingspan: 22 ft 0 in (6.71 m)
* Wing area: 91.5 sq ft (8.50 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 320 lb (145 kg)
* Gross weight: 670 lb (304 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 9 US gallons (34 litres)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 503 , 50 hp (37 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden
Performance
* Cruise speed: 85 mph (137 km/h, 74 kn)
* Stall speed: 33 mph (53 km/h, 29 kn)
* Range: 210 mi (340 km, 180 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 15,500 ft (4,700 m)
* Rate of climb: 800 ft/min (4.1 m/s)
Avionics
* none
# Pengwern Boat Club

Pengwern Boat Club is the community rowing club in Shrewsbury, UK. It was founded in 1871.
The club is affiliated to British Rowing, and its home water is on the River Severn around Shrewsbury, with rowing taking place from the English Bridge in Shrewsbury up to Berwick House, upstream of the town.
The stretch of the River Severn it occupies is shared with Royal Shrewsbury School Boat Club (RSSBC).

## History

The name "Pengwern" (recalling the lost early seat of the kings of Powys) was chosen because a "Shrewsbury Rowing Club" was already in existence by 1871, when the club was founded; the latter club was found to be so socially and culturally elitist - strictly applying an 'armature ethic' - that a more cosmopolitan club was required to promote an inclusive community for boating enthusiasts in Shrewsbury. Over time, this more diverse club was so successful in attracting and keeping members that the former club was totally supplanted by the turn of the twentieth century.
Over the course of its history the club has maintained close links with the boat club of the RSSBC, which Wigglesworth has noted as being important in recruitment to the club.
The club had been men-only from its foundation. However, the constitution was changed in the early 1970s to enable women to join.

## Events
### Shrewsbury Regatta

In early May every year the club hosts the Shrewsbury Regatta, attended by thousands of spectators and visitors, which is one of the oldest events in the rowing calendar, having first been held in 1871.

### Head of the Severn

In 1936 of the "Head of the Severn", one of the earliest head of the river events, was instigated by the club; it was subsequently discontinued in the 1990s because of frequent floods and other practicalities.The History of Pengwern BC – And the Friendship Between Two Rowing Historians

## Club House

The first boathouse was jointly rented with Shrewsbury School on the current site.
The current club house of brick and timber was built in 1881. It is now a Grade II listed building.
The club house was expanded around 2013.

## Squads

The club operates rowing squads for:
* juniors,
* seniors, and
* masters.
It also provides for adaptive rowing for those with physical disability, sensory, or learning impairment.
In addition, at times agreed with the committee the runs Pengwern some of the lobby clubs (see below) have squads they run semi-autonomously.

## Other events

The club hosts an annual pubs and clubs regatta as well as coracle racing from time to time.

## Lobby clubs

Since 2014, Pengwern has hosted the water facilities for the Harper Adams University Rowing Club, which is a UK rowing university separately affiliated to British Rowing.
The club also hosts the rowing activities of Shrewsbury High School and other local schools.

## Honours
### British champions

| Year | Winning crew/s |
| 1984 | Women 2x composite |
| 1986 | Women 2x composite |
# Paul Hahnel

Paul Hahnel (born 17 April 1843, Schlegenburg in Leobsanütz, Silesia and died 12 May 1887, Manicore) was a collector of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. He travelled in Venezuela (1877/79), and made two expeditions to the Amazon. the first from 1879 to 1884 and the second, with Otto Michael, from 1885 to 1887. His collection was sold to Otto Staudinger and Andreas Bang-Haas.
Based on Hahnel's collection of frogs from Yurimaguas, Peru, George Albert Boulenger described eight new species and named one of them, Ameerega hahneli, after him. The butterfly Parides hahneli was also named in his honour.
# CG-2

CG-2 (Carretera General 2) is a road of the Andorra Road Network that connects Escaldes-Engordany to the border with France.
This road starts at the Encamp roundabout, CG-1 and ends at the Dos Valires Tunnel in the French border (N22). It is also called Carretera de França.
# Phillip Boydell

Phillip Boydell (1896 - 1984) was a British designer and illustrator.

## Life and work

Boydell was born on 21 May 1896 in Tyldesley Lancashire, to Oliver Boydell (a master decorator) and Merinda. He obtained a scholarship at the Manchester School of Art, but his studies were interrupted by conscription in 1914. During his service in the Royal Navy, his vessel the tugboat HMS Blackcock was lost off Murmansk in winter, but Boydell lived to tell the tale, and was able to continue his education at the Royal College of Art.
In 1923 he married sculptor Bertha White.
In 1926 he was offered the position of Art Director at the London Press Exchange, and was on the Board of Directors when he retired in 1961.
Boydell is best known for two posters and a typeface.
* The Squander Bug, a poster encouraging people not to spend money wastefully but invest in savings bonds, was so successful that derivatives were used in several other countries. This he created whilst in bed with influenza
* The Black Widow poster for road safety (for which Boydell was art director) which aroused controversy for its (in those days) relatively direct approach.
* The Festival font was the official typeface for the 1951 Festival of Britain, and was used in all the communications for the festival.
He died at home in 1984.
# Ei8ht

Ei8ht may refer to:
* Ei8ht (album), Nik Kershaw's eighth album
* Ei8ht Mile, Darren Diggs's album
* Ei8ht, a logo used by WJW
* "Ei8ht", a segment from The Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror XXXIV"
# Mand Hussainpur Bulle

Mand Hussainpur Bulle is a village in Sultanpur Lodhi tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab, India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the city of Sultanpur Lodhi, 39 kilometres (24 mi) away from district headquarter Kapurthala. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).