OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pierre Simard

Pierre Simard (1954 Québec) is a Canadian professor of social sciences who applies economic theory to political science.

## Career

Born in Québec, Simard received a bachelor's degree in economics (1978), a master's degree in policy analysis (1980) and a Ph.D in political science (1985), from the Université Laval.
Simard has been a professor at the École nationale d’administration publique (ENAP) since 1984. He started as a Research Professor at the Centre d'études politiques et administratives du Québec (CEPAQ). In 1989, Simard became a regular Professor at the ENAP. He specializes in policy analysis and evaluation of public programs. He has also been a consultant for public and private agencies.

## Ideas

Simard defends a liberal vision of the role of the State. He is a defender of individual liberties, free market and reducing the size of the State. Simard is a specialist of Public Choice: a discipline that applies economic theory to political science. He strongly criticizes public inefficiency through the major Quebec newspapers.

## Publications

* BEAUDOIN André, Pierre SIMARD, Daniel TURCOTTE (dir.) (2002) Évaluation des centres de ressources périnatales, Québec, Centre de recherche sur les services communautaires de l'Université Laval.
* BEAUDOIN André, Pierre SIMARD, Daniel TURCOTTE et Jean TURGEON (dir.) (2000). L’éducation familiale en milieu défavorisé : portrait québécois du Programme d'action communautaire pour les enfants, Québec, Éditions Sylvain Harvey, 199 p. (LC37E24.2000)
* COMEAU Yvan, Daniel TURCOTTE, André BEAUDOIN, Pierre SIMARD, Julie CHARTRAND-BEAUREGARD, Marie-Êve HARVEY, Daniel MALTAIS, Claudie SAINT-HILAIRE,. L'économie sociale et le Plan d'action du Sommet sur l'économie et l'emploi, Québec, ENAP et Centre de recherche sur les services communautaires de l'Université Laval, novembre 2000, 337p.
* MARCEAU Richard, Pierre SIMARD (1986). Des élus et des milliards : l'assainissement des eaux usées domestiques au Québec, Québec, CEPAQ, ENAP, 196 p. (JF 1338.B595 8)
# 2010 CAF Champions League knockout stage

The knockout phase of the 2010 CAF Champions League will begin on 1 October 2010 and conclude by 14 November 2010. The knockout phase involves the four teams who finished in the top two in each of their groups in the group stage. Each tie is played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs progresses to the next round. In the event that aggregate scores finish level, the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progresses. If away goals are also equal, the tie is decided by a penalty shoot-out – with no extra time being held.

## Qualified teams

| Group | Winners | Runners-up |
| A | Espérance ST | TP Mazembe |
| B | JS Kabylie | Al-Ahly |

## Semifinals

Aggregate 2 – 2. Espérance ST advanced on the away goals rule to the 2010 CAF Champions League Final.
TP Mazembe won 3 – 1 on aggregate and advanced to the 2010 CAF Champions League Final.

## Final

TP Mazembe won 6 – 1 on aggregate.
# Thiocarlide

Thiocarlide (or tiocarlide or isoxyl) is a thiourea drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis, inhibiting synthesis of oleic acid and tuberculostearic acid.
Thiocarlide has considerable antimycobacterial activity in vitro and is effective against multi-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isoxyl inhibits M. bovis with six hours of exposure, which is similar to isoniazid and ethionamide, two other prominent anti-TB drugs. Unlike these two drugs, however, isoxyl also partially inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids.
Thiocarlide was developed by a Belgian company, Continental Pharma S.A. Belgo-Canadienne in Brussels, Belgium. The head researcher was Professor N. P. Buu-Hoi, head of Continental Pharma's Research Division.
# Parkfield House

Parkfield House, formerly known as Middleton Town Hall, is a former municipal building in Manchester Old Road, Middleton, a town in Greater Manchester in England. The building, which served as the offices and meeting place of Middleton Borough Council, is currently vacant.

## History

The original Parkfield House was commissioned by a local magistrate, Thomas Ashton, in the first half of the 19th century. The site he selected was on the north side of the Manchester Old Road opposite the entrance to Alkrington Park Road. It was designed in the Georgian style, built in ashlar stone and was Ashton's main residence by 1848. It was acquired by another local magistrate, Harvey Heywood, in around 1870.
In 1886, the local area became a municipal borough and the local improvement commissioners were succeeded by Middleton Borough Council. Heywood became the first mayor of the new borough council, which was initially based at the old town hall in Gas Street. After Heywood died in 1920, his widow, Harriette, sold the original Parkfield House to Middleton Borough Council for use as its headquarters in 1925.
A garden of remembrance with a colonnade was established on the west side of the original house in the presence of Lieutenant Colonel Roderick Livingstone Lees of the 6th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers in October 1927.
As the responsibilities of the borough council increased, councillors decided to commission a more substantial building on a site between the garden of remembrance (on the left) and the original building (on the right). The new four-storey building was designed by Tom Ellis of Lyons Israel Ellis in the brutalist style with an L-shaped plan, built in concrete and glass, and was completed in 1965. It continued to serve as the headquarters of the borough council for the next decade, but ceased to be the local seat of government when the enlarged Rochdale Borough Council was formed in 1974. The council instructed the demolition of the original Parkfield House in 1978.
In 1980, the council sold the newer building to the North West Water Authority, which sold it on to the security business, Chubb, in 2000. Chubb vacated the building in 2020. In January 2023, the developer, Muller Property Group, acquired the vacant building, and, in May 2023, Muller Property Group submitted plans to demolish the building and replace it with 20 houses and an 80-bed care home.
# North African theatre

North African theatre may refer to:
* North African Theatre:
** Egyptian Theatre
** Tunisian Theatre
* North African theatre (World War I)
* North African theatre (World War II)
# 1987 Grand Prix d'Automne

The 1987 Grand Prix d'Automne was the 81st edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 11 October 1987. The race started in Créteil and finished in Chaville. The race was won by Adri van der Poel of the PDM team.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Adri van der Poel (NED) | PDM–Ultima–Concorde | 6h 35' 46" |
| 2 | Teun van Vliet (NED) | Panasonic–Isostar | + 0" |
| 3 | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) | Ecoflam–BFB Bruciatori–Mareco–Alfa Lum | + 0" |
| 4 | Charly Mottet (FRA) | Système U | + 0" |
| 5 | Bruno Leali (ITA) | Carrera Jeans–Vagabond | + 0" |
| 6 | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) | Panasonic–Isostar | + 41" |
| 7 | Moreno Argentin (ITA) | Gewiss–Bianchi | + 41" |
| 8 | Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) | Carrera Jeans–Vagabond | + 41" |
| 9 | Gilbert Glaus (SUI) | Vétements Z–Peugeot | + 41" |
| 10 | Camillo Passera (ITA) | Ecoflam–BFB Bruciatori–Mareco–Alfa Lum | + 41" |
# 1939 Washington University Bears football team

The 1939 Washington University Bears football team was an American football team that represented Washington University in St. Louis as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1939 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Jimmy Conzelman, the team compiled a 6–3–1 record (4–1 against MVC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 172 to 103.
Washington University was not ranked in the final AP poll, but it was ranked at No. 44 in the 1939 Williamson System ratings, and at No. 81 in the Litkenhous Ratings.
The team played its home games at Francis Field in St. Louis.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 30 | at Northwest Missouri State* | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | L 7–9 | |
| October 7 | at Washburn | Moore BowlTopeka, KS | L 20–26 | |
| October 14 | Missouri* | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | L 0–14 | 10,000 |
| October 20 | Creighton | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | W 42–12 | 7,000 |
| October 28 | at Butler* | Butler BowlIndianapolis, IN | T 6–6 | |
| November 4 | Washington and Lee* | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | W 12–6 | 7,500 |
| November 11 | Oklahoma A&M | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | W 7–0 | |
| November 18 | at Drake | Drake StadiumDes Moines, IA | W 25–13 | 7,000 |
| November 25 | Missouri Mines* | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | W 32–0 | 6,000 |
| December 1 | Saint Louis | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | W 21–17 | 12,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# A Kin to Win

A Kin to Win was a Canadian television game show initially produced in Montreal in 1961, then aired on the CTV network in 1962. Jimmy Tapp was the programme's host.

## Production

The series was produced by a Canadian subsidiary of NBC, led by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir. Episodes were recorded in Montreal in the studios of CTV affiliate CFCF-TV at a cost of $2500 (CA$) apiece.

## Premise

Each round of the game consisted of a competition between two families. Fathers of each family acted as team leaders, coaching the other family members. Quiz questions were posed to the players. When answered correctly, they earned a symbol to be added to a square board. A family won after successfully placing four symbols in a row, receiving a designated Prize Chest and proceeding to a bonus prize round known as the Big Plus. The winning family proceeded to a new round, competing against another family.

## Broadcast

Initially, the series was broadcast locally in Montreal on CFCF-TV in the early evenings (6:00 p.m.) starting on 2 October 1961. The series was also broadcast on CJSS-TV in Cornwall, Ontario.
Distribution through the full CTV network began from 14 January 1962 and continued until July 1962. Episodes were seen on weekday afternoons at varying times depending on the market (e.g. 1:30 p.m. in Toronto, 4:00 p.m. in Ottawa and Montreal). A weekly Sunday evening episode was also broadcast, typically at 7:30 p.m.
CTV did not renew the series for the 1962-1963 national schedule, although episodes continued to be broadcast locally on CFCF-TV at least until May 1964.
According to Ross Bagwell, an NBC programme developer who worked on A Kin to Win, the series was a forerunner of the American-based game show Family Feud.

## Reception

Jeremy Brown, television critic for the Toronto Star, deemed the debut on CTV to be "boring, trite, badly paced, lacking in suspense and incredibly bland."
# Philippine House Committee on Climate Change

The Philippine House Committee on Climate Change is a standing committee of the Philippine House of Representatives.

## Jurisdiction

As prescribed by House Rules, the committee's jurisdiction is on policies and programs to mitigate the impact of climate change to the environment which is characterized by the following:
* Global warming
* Greenhouse effect
* Rising of sea levels
* Shifts in meteorological patterns

## Members, 18th Congress

| Position | Members | Party | Province/City | District |
| Chairperson | Edgar Chatto | Liberal | Bohol | 1st |
| Vice Chairpersons | Romeo Momo Sr. | CWS | Party-list | Party-list |
| Vice Chairpersons | Francis Gerald Abaya | Liberal | Cavite | 1st |
| Vice Chairpersons | Elisa Kho | PDP–Laban | Masbate | 2nd |
| Members for the Majority | Alan Dujali | PDP–Laban | Davao del Norte | 2nd |
| Members for the Majority | Geraldine Roman | PDP–Laban | Bataan | 1st |
| Members for the Majority | Ramon Nolasco Jr. | NUP | Cagayan | 1st |
| Members for the Majority | Allen Jesse Mangaoang | Nacionalista | Kalinga | Lone |
| Members for the Majority | Leo Rafael Cueva | NUP | Negros Occidental | 2nd |
| Members for the Majority | Yasser Balindong | Lakas | Lanao del Sur | 2nd |
| Members for the Majority | Julienne Baronda | NUP | Iloilo City | Lone |
| Members for the Majority | Ed Christopher Go | Nacionalista | Isabela | 2nd |
| Members for the Minority | Irene Gay Saulog | KALINGA | Party-list | Party-list |
| Members for the Minority | Eufemia Cullamat | Bayan Muna | Party-list | Party-list |
# Pierre Simon (1885–1977)

Pierre Simon (1885–1977), was the first président-directeur général (PDG) of Électricité de France (EDF) and a member of the French Resistance. Simon was a student of the Christian school in Mées and then at the l'Institution Sainte-Geneviève in Versailles. He was a civil engineer at Gap, Chief of Staff to the Minister of Public Works in 1924, Chief Engineer of Forces hydrauliques – dams in Grenoble in 1925, and some years later, he became head of the Department of Roads and Bridges in Isère. At the end of 1936, Simon was called to the Direction des Forces Hydrauliques et des Distributions d'Énergie électrique – Directory of Dams and Electricity at the Ministry of Public Works. He was an essential part of the des 3 milliards – 3 million plan to rehabilitate the country's electric grid, which began in 1938, and in negotiations with the Fédération de l'Éclairage – Lighting Federation which improved the staffing situation.
In June 1940, Vichy France reorganized the Ministries. An Electric Directory was created, attached to the Ministry of Industrial Production. In October, Simon was dismissed and reassigned to the Conseil général des ponts et chaussées. He then entered the private sector, taking over operations for Durand, l'Entreprise Industrielle.
During the war, he was a resistor and kept in touch with Marcel Paul and the Fédération illégale de l'Éclairage – Illegal Lighting Federation. During liberation, Simon participated in some of the meetings for the commission that nationalized electricity, the CNR. After a vote, he accepted the proposal from Marcel Paul to become the first PDG of EDF.
At the beginning of 1947, Robert Lacoste asks Simon to take measures against staff. The government majority wanted to impose a pricing policy on EDF-GDF. On 2 May, Simon resigned. He returned to Durand and was considered Honorary Chair by the end of his life.
# Tetracha pilosipennis

Tetracha pilosipennis is a species of tiger beetle that was described by Mandl in 1958.
# Bondelum

Bondelum (North Frisian: Bonlem) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# 2002 in Albania

The following lists events that happened during 2002 in Republic of Albania.

## Incumbents

* President: Rexhep Meidani (until 24 July), Alfred Moisiu (starting 24 July)
* Prime Minister: Ilir Meta (until 22 February), Pandeli Majko (22 February - 31 July), Fatos Nano (starting 31 July)

## Events
### January

* Meta resigns as prime minister after failing to resolve party feud.

### February

* Pandeli Majko becomes premier and forms new government as rival factions in Socialist Party pledge to end infighting.

### August

* Fatos Nano becomes prime minister after the ruling Socialist Party decides to merge the roles of premier and party chairman. It is Nano's fourth time as premier.

## Deaths

* 12 August - Teodor Keko, Albanian writer, journalist and politician
# Noordkaap (Netherlands)

Noordkaap (North Cape) is the northernmost point of mainland Netherlands.
The Noordkaap is located on the north side of the Emmapolder, on the edge of the municipality Het Hogeland in the province of Groningen. It is only accessible on foot or by bicycle.
To mark the spot and attract more tourists, the then municipality of Eemsmond had the artwork 'Poort Kaap Noord', colloquially known as 'De Hemelpoort', (made in 2001) by artist René de Boer placed in 2002. The name 'Noordkaap' was coined at the same time as the artwork was placed. The spot itself is not easily recognizable as an 'extreme point' because the sea dike has a gentle curve.

## Gallery

* Panorama from the artwork on the Wadden Sea
* View looking west
* View looking east (Eemshaven)
# Osmometer

An osmometer is a device for measuring the osmotic strength of a solution, colloid, or compound.
There are several different techniques employed in osmometry:
* Freezing point depression osmometers may also be used to determine the osmotic strength of a solution, as osmotically active compounds depress the freezing point of a solution. This is the most common method in clinical laboratories because it is the most accurate and simple method.
* Vapor pressure osmometers determine the concentration of osmotically active particles that reduce the vapor pressure of a solution.
* Membrane osmometers measure the osmotic pressure of a solution separated from pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.
Osmometers are useful for determining the total concentration of dissolved salts and sugars in blood or urine samples. Osmometry is also useful in determining the molecular weight of unknown compounds and polymers.
Osmometry is the measurement of the osmotic strength of a substance. This is often used by chemists for the determination of average molecular weight.
Osmometry is also useful for estimating the drought tolerance of plant leaves.
# OddBallers

OddBallers is a dodgeball-themed party game developed by Game Swing and Ubisoft Mumbai and published by Ubisoft. It released on January 23, 2023 for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows platforms.

## Gameplay

Oddballers is a multiplayer party video game themed around the game of dodgeball. The game is played from the top-down perspective and loosely follows the premise of dodgeball, where two teams throw balls at each other, with the goal being to hit opposing players with the ball, or in defense, catch the ball being thrown at them. However, many new elements are added into the formula due to environmental effects and mini-games objectives that occur concurrently. Thirty different arenas across three main themes - farm, city, and island - affect the gameplay. For example, in the farm themed levels, players may have added objectives of avoiding being run over by a tractor or shearing any sheep they encounter. Another minigame involves beekeeping and obtaining and transporting honey while playing dodgeball. Progressing through matches allows the player to unlock character customization options such a appearances changes and celebration emotes through a free battle pass setup. Both local and online multiplayer is available, with four or six player multiplayer being possible depending on game mode and game platform. Cross-platform play is available for online matches between platforms.

## Development

The game was originally self-developed by Game Swing and was released onto early access for Windows on Steam in 2020. Ubisoft would later purchase the rights for the game, and the full version was announced in a September 2022 Nintendo Direct presentation. Its development was a collaboration between developer Game Swing and Ubisoft Mumbai, with additional work by Ubisoft Pune. The game was released on January 22, 2023, for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows through Ubisoft Connect.

## Reception

The game has received mixed reception from critics. IGN, Eurogamer, and NintendoLife all saw it as a fun but flawed game. Aspects praised include the core gameplay mechanics, amount of unlockables and customization for characters, and simple controls. The minigame that interwove beekeeping into the dodgeball formula was cited as a standout minigame. A major complaint was the game's online multiplayer, in that it was very difficult to find others to play with, and the inability to play online lessened the importance of the character customization, which was a major point of the game's progression.
# Copelatus baoulicus

Copelatus baoulicus is a species of diving beetle. It is part of the genus Copelatus in the subfamily Copelatinae of the family Dytiscidae. It was described by Bilardo & Pederzani in 1978.
# Philippot

Philippot is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alice Marie Yvonne Philippot (1904–1987), French/Mexican poet and artist
* Charles Louis Philippot (1801–1859), French artist
* Florian Philippot (born 1981), French politician and Member of the European Parliament
* Jean-Paul Philippot (born 1960), Belgian television producer and President on the European Broadcasting Union
* Karine Laurent Philippot (born 1974), French cross country skier
* Michel Philippot (1925–1996), French composer, mathematician, acoustician, musicologist, aesthetician, broadcaster and educator
# Black Coffee

Black coffee is coffee without creamer or milk.
Black coffee or Black Coffee may also refer to:

## Music

* Chorny Kofe (Russian for Black Coffee), Russian heavy metal band

### Albums

* Black Coffee (Peggy Lee album), 1956
* Black Coffee (Johnny "Hammond" Smith album), 1962
* Black Coffee (Ann Savoy album), 2010
* Black Coffee (Beth Hart and Joe Bonamassa album), 2018

### Songs

* "Black Coffee" (1948 song), written by Sonny Burke, the lyrics by Paul Francis Webster
* "Black Coffee" (All Saints song), 2000
* "Black Coffee" (Heavy D & the Boyz song), 1994
* "Black Coffee" (Lacy J. Dalton song), 1990
* "Black Coffee" (Ike & Tina Turner song), a 1972 song covered by Humble Pie and Rival Sons
* "Black Coffee", a 1984 song by Black Flag from the album Slip It In
* "Black Coffee", a 1995 song by Less Than Jake from their album Pezcore

## People

* Black Coffee (DJ) (born 1976), a South African DJ

## Literature, theater, and film

* Black Coffee (play), a 1930 play by Agatha Christie
** Black Coffee (1931 film), a British detective film based on Agatha Christie's play
** Black Coffee (novel), a 1998 novelisation by Charles Osborne of Agatha Christie's play
* Black Coffee (2014 film), an American romantic comedy film
* Black Coffee (2021 film), a Malayalam drama film
# Tetracha ruth

Tetracha ruth is a species of tiger beetle that was described by W. Horn in 1907.
# Lunca Banului

Lunca Banului is a commune in Vaslui County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Broscoșești, Condrea, Focșa, Lunca Banului, Lunca Veche, Oțetoaia, and Răducani.
The commune is located in the eastern part of Vaslui County, about 60 km (37 mi) southeast of the county seat, Vaslui, on the Moldova–Romania border. It lies on the right bank of the Prut River, which marks the border; the Pruteț, a right tributary of the Prut, flows through Lunca Banului, Oțetoaia, and Lunca Veche villages.
# Parish of Elsinora

Elsinora, in New South Wales, Australia, is a civil parish of the county of Delalah, a cadasteral division of New South Wales.

## Geography

The topography is the flat arid landscape of the Channel County with a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot arid).
The economy in the parish is based on broad acre agriculture, mainly wheat, and sheep. There are no towns and the nearest settlement is Wanaaring, New South Wales, and then Hungerford, Queensland. The Queensland and New South Wales border runs along the northern boundary of the parish.

## History

The parish is on the traditional land of the Barindji people. The first Europeans through the area were Burke and Wills and in the 1890s it was included in the Albert Goldfields.
The cattle station of Elsinora Downs gave its name to the parish.
# Noordodes

Noordodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Noordodes magnificalis (Rothschild, 1916)
* Noordodes purpureoflava Hampson, 1916