OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mappin

Mappin was a traditional department store in Brazil, based in São Paulo, with the official name of Casa Anglo-Brasileira S/A. With origins in 1774 in the city of Sheffield, England, it was later brought to Brazil by the brothers Walter and Hebert Mappin.

## History

During the 86 years in which it served São Paulo, it was one of the pioneers of the retail trade. In the 1930s, innovated by putting labels with prices in the windows. Was the driving force behind the installment plan. Between 1940s and 1950s, Mappin was the meeting point of São Paulo elite. Anticipated the "concept" of shopping mall, bringing together products of various types in one location. The store at Praça Ramos de Azevedo, in the center of São Paulo, has become a benchmark of the brand.
Some branches were opened:
* 1969 – Rua São Bento
* 1977 – Avenida São João: the first of São Paulo to have its own parking lot
* 1984 – Itaim Bibi
* 1987 – Shopping Mappin ABC, the first store outside the São Paulo state capital
* 1991 – Shopping Center Norte, Shopping West Plaza and Shopping Morumbi
* 1991 – It was created the TV Mappin: sale of products by telephone
* 1993 – Shopping Jardim Sul
* 1995 – Esplanada Shopping, in Sorocaba, São Paulo state countryside
Its most famous jingle was: "Mappin, venha correndo, Mappin, chegou a hora, Mappin, é a liquidação" [Mappin, come running, Mappin, the hour has come, Mappin, it is the sale].

## Campaigns

* Liquida, liquida! Eletrodomésticos, higiene, autopeças, etc. [Sale, sale! Home appliances, hygiene, car parts, etc.] (1975)
* Economia é só no Mappin [Economy is only on Mappin] (1977/78)
* Compre tudo para a Copa do Mundo [Buy everything for the World Cup] (1986)
* Compre de novo para a Copa do Mundo [Buy again for the World Cup] (1990)
* TV Mappin (1992)
* Turma da Mônica (1980–1999) (bankruptcy)

## The end

It closed down in 1999, during the administration of Ricardo Mansur. It had its bankruptcy decreed along with the Mesbla stores, who had been incorporated into Mappin in 1996. In 1999, Grupo Pão de Açúcar, through the Extra hypermarkets, took over the store in Praça Ramos de Azevedo, whose building belongs to the Santa Casa, with the "Extra Mappin" flag, and soon abandoned it. In 2003, the store was closed under the allegation of having low profitability, not offsetting the point of sale maintenance costs, and the store did not meet more at the "quality standards that should be part of all the flags of the group."
According to the Mônica Bergamo's column on 3 June 2009, Ricardo Mansur, the last owner of the network, considered to reopen Mappin, including forwarding a request of bankruptcy to the judge and tried to raise money from international investors. However, on 12 November 2010 there was a judicial auction, and the Mappin brand, valued at R$12 million, was bought by the network Lojas Marabraz by less than half of the price. The general director of Marabraz, Nasser Fares, aims to put the brand on active duty, at the latest in 2016.
# Mare Jonio (rescue ship)

The ship Mare Jonio was originally constructed as a tugboat in 1972. Operating on behalf of Mediterranea Saving Humans (MSH), Mare Jonio has been active in a Search and Rescue (SAR) role rescuing shipwrecked refugees in the Mediterranean Sea since October 2018. The project also has the support of the German association Sea-Watch and the Spanish Proactiva Open Arms. The ship is owned by Alessandro Metz [it] through Idra Social Shipping SRL and is managed by Augustea Imprese Marittime e di Salvataggi SpA of Genoa, Italy; Mare Jonio sails under the Italian flag.

## Specifications

Mare Jonio is 37m long (some sources give 38m, more specifically 37.55m in one source), with a beam of 9m and a draught of 3.2m. The ship has a maximum speed of 13knots.

## Earlier history

Between 2007 and 2018 the ship operated largely on the western side of Italy.

## SAR history: Selected events
### 2018

Mare Jonio began SAR operations by setting sail on 3 October 2018.

### 2019

Mare Jonio was seized by the Italian authorities in September 2019 over a dispute regarding the legality of landing shipwrecked refugees at Italian ports. The ship remained confiscated until February 2020, when a jury accepted Mediterranea's appeal, immediately releasing the ship from seizure.

### 2020

During March 2020 MSH announced that its two ships, Mare Jonio and Alex would suspend their navigation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Operations resumed in June 2020, and sixty people were rescued on 19 June, followed by another forty-three on 29 June.
The ship was declared to be subject to mandatory maintenance work and has been in the port of Chioggia, Italy, since November 2020.

### 2024

The crew of Mare Jonio was attacked by the Libyan Coast Guard while conducting a Search and rescue operation in international waters, approximately 95 miles north of Libyan coastline.

## Awards

The Mare Jonio together with the Maersk Etienne were given the "Seafarers’ Award" 2021 at Copenhagen.
# Chionodes rupex

Chionodes rupex is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Wyoming and Montana.
# Martinikerk (Doesburg)

The Martinikerk (also Sint Martinuskerk or Hervormde kerk) is a church in Doesburg, Netherlands. The church's tower is the eighth tallest in the Netherlands at 94 metres (308 ft).

## History

In 1547, it was struck by lightning, heavily damaging church and tower. The tower was again damaged by French troops in 1672, the rampjaar. It was once more struck by lightning in 1717 and in 1783, it became the first building in the Netherlands to be protected from lightning by a lightning rod.
It was restored 1919–1930 by W. te Riele and N. de Wolf, and restored again after it was heavily damaged when retreating German troops blew up the tower in April 1945.

## Gallery

* The view from the Kerkstraat
* Brick ceiling
* Wooden ceiling
* Interieur, Painting
* Destruction 15 April 1945
* Ruin 1945
# Causation in economics

Causation in economics has a long history with Adam Smith explicitly acknowledging its importance via his (1776) An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations and David Hume (1739, 1742, 1777) and John Stuart Mill (1848) both offering important contributions with more philosophical discussions. Hoover (2006) suggests that a useful way of classifying approaches to causation in economics might be to distinguish between approaches that emphasize structure and those that emphasize process and to add to this a distinction between approaches that adopt a priori reasoning and those that seek to infer causation from the evidence provided by data. He represented by this little table which useful identifies key works in each of the four categories.
| | Structural | Process |
| A Priori | Cowles Commission: Koopmans (1953); Hood and Koopmans (1953) | Zellner (1979) |
| Inferential | Simon (1953) Hoover (1990, 2001) Favero and Hendry (1992) Natural Experiments: Angrist and Krueger (1999, 2001) | Granger (1969) Vector Autoregressions: (Sims 1980) |
# Marsh Hall

Marsh Hall, historically known as the Othniel C. Marsh House, is a historic house on Prospect Hill in New Haven, Connecticut. The property, which includes the house and a 6.8 acres (2.8 ha) grounds now known as Marsh Botanical Garden, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. It was built in 1878 as the home of Othniel Marsh (1831–99), a leading 19th-century paleontologist, who occupied it until his death. The house is now owned by Yale University, and the building is occupied by the Yale School of the Environment.

## Description and history

The house is a 3.5-story brownstone structure, built of red sandstone, overlooking an expanse of landscaped greenery. Its architecture is reminiscent of the Jacobean revival, with asymmetrical massing, and a variety of projections, turrets, and decorative elements. It was designed for Marsh by J. Cleaveland Cady, and construction of the exterior of the main house was largely complete in 1878; it took another three years to finish the interior. The house is one of a relatively small number of Cady designs surviving in the city, and was one of the grandest private residences in the city at the time of its construction.
Othniel Marsh had an interest in fossils from an early age, and studied geology at Yale. Before and after graduating he went on numerous collecting trips throughout northeastern North America, and was appointed the first professor of paleontology. He engaged in repeated expeditions into the American West, sometimes returning with spectacular finds of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates. His finds of Cretaceous winged dinosaurs, complete with teeth and other non-avian features, provided compelling evidence in the debate over the recently published theory of evolution by natural selection. Marsh, a bachelor, bequeathed his estate to the university.
Marsh Hall currently houses offices of the Yale School of the Environment (YSE), and is the home of The Forest School at YSE.
# Ceibas River

The Ceibas River (Spanish pronunciation:) is a river of Colombia. It drains into the Caribbean Sea via the Magdalena River.
# Cyanuric acid amidohydrolase

In enzymology, a cyanuric acid amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.2.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    cyanuric acid + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ biuret + CO$_2$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cyanuric acid and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are biuret and CO$_2$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is cyanuric acid amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in atrazine degradation.
# Akaishi Dam

Akaishi Dam is a gravity dam located in Aomori Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for power production. The catchment area of the dam is 45.6 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 12 ha of land when full and can store 831 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1953 and completed in 1955.
# Partition cardinal

In mathematics, a partition cardinal is either:
* An Erdős cardinal; or
* A Strong partition cardinal.
# Loulans-Verchamp

Loulans-Verchamp (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Geographical Location

Loulans Verchamp is situated at a distance of:
* 12 km from Rioz via road D15
* 25 km from Vesoul via roads D15 and N57
* 30 km from Besançon via roads D25 or D15 and N57
* 120 km from Neuchatel in Switzerland via N57.
* 160 km from Lausanne in Switzerland via N57.
Loulans Verchamp is neighboured:
* On the north, by Roche-sur-Linotte-et-Sorans-les-Cordiers and Ormenans
* On the north-west by Villers-Pater
* On the west by Beaumotte-Aubertans
* On the south-west by Cenans
* On the south by Germondans of the Doubs region
* On the south-east by Flagey-Rigney of the Doubs region
* On the east by Maussans and Larians-et-Munans
* On the north-east by Montbozon
* The Linotte crosses the village of Loulans Verchamp, to join the river Ognon (Franche-Comté).

## Roads and access

* The D15 and the D25 pass through Loulans Verchamp, connecting it to Vesoul on the north and to Besançon on the south.
* The high-speed railway line station Gare de Besançon-Auxon of the LGV Rhin-Rhône is situated at 30 km from Loulans Verchamp. It connects Besançon to Paris in just over two hours, with eight services a day (as of 2011).
* The Vesoul train station is 27 km away.
* The TGV – Gare de Besançon-Viotte train station is 32 km away.
* Neuchatel (Switzerland) is 120 km away.
* Lausanne (Switzerland) is 160 km away.

## Commerce

In the village there are two bar hotel restaurants, a bakery a hairdresser and a beauty salon.

## Personalities linked to this commune

* Dominique Prétot (Papy) – president of the football club Union Sportive Larians – Munans, since 1967.

## Gallery

Some images from the village:
* rue des vignes, Loulans Verchamp
* Winter of 2010
* Elementary public school – December 2008
* The Memorial Monument – December 2008
* The road to Vesoul – D25
* Intersection at Loulans Verchamp
# Love It or Hate It

Love it or hate it is a marketing slogan for Marmite.
Hate it or love it may refer to:
* "Hate It or Love It", a single by The Game
* Hate It or Love It (album), an album by Chingy
# Canton of Perpignan-1

The Canton of Perpignan-1 is a French canton of Pyrénées-Orientales department, in Occitanie. It covers the northern part of the commune of Perpignan. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was enlarged.

## Composition

Before 2015, the Perpignan 1st Canton included the following neighbourhoods of Perpignan:
* Polygone-Nord
* Haut-Vernet
* Moyen-Vernet
* Hospital
# List of Newark Eagles seasons

This list of Newark Eagles seasons compiles games played by the Newark Eagles. Seasons in which the Eagles were league members (or an associate team), only games that counted in official league standings are included. Seasons in which they had no league membership and played an independent/barnstorming schedule include games against primarily major-league-caliber teams.
Contemporary coverage of games and won-loss standings was spotty and inconsistent. On-going research continuously discovers unreported or misreported games, while some games are probably lost forever. Therefore, Negro league seasonal finishes will likely remain incomplete and subjective.

## Year by year

| Negro World Series Champions (1924–1927 & 1942–1948) * | League Champions ‡ | Other playoff ^ |
| Season | Level | League | Season finish | Season finish | Games | Wins | Loses | Ties | Win% | Postseason | Ref |
| Season | Level | League | Full | Split | Games | Wins | Loses | Ties | Win% | Postseason | Ref |
| Newark Dodgers ||||||||||||
| 1933 | Independent | — | — | — | | | | | | | |
| 1934 | Major | NNL2 | 4 | DNQ | 35 | 17 | 17 | 1 | .500 | | |
| 1935 | Major | NNL2 | 8 | DNQ | 62 | 18 | 43 | 1 | .295 | | |
| Brooklyn Eagles ||||||||||||
| 1935 | Major | NNL2 | 5 | DNQ | 63 | 32 | 31 | 0 | .508 | | |
| Newark Eagles ||||||||||||
| 1936 | Major | NNL2 | 4 | DNQ | 59 | 27 | 31 | 1 | .466 | | |
| 1937 | Major | NNL2 | 2 | — | 59 | 36 | 21 | 2 | .632 | | |
| 1938 | Major | NNL2 | 5 | — | 53 | 23 | 30 | 0 | .434 | | |
| 1939^ | Major | NNL2 | 2 | — | 56 | 32 | 23 | 1 | .582 | Lost 1st round of NNL tournament (Baltimore Elite Giants$^{3rd}$) 3–1 | |
| 1940 | Major | NNL2 | 3 | — | 51 | 28 | 22 | 1 | .560 | | |
| 1941 | Major | NNL2 | 3 | DNQ | 59 | 30 | 28 | 1 | .517 | | |
| 1942 | Major | NNL2 | 4 | — | 66 | 27 | 35 | 4 | .435 | | |
| 1943 | Major | NNL2 | 4 | — | 58 | 26 | 32 | 0 | .448 | | |
| 1944 | Major | NNL2 | 5 | DNQ | 63 | 27 | 36 | 0 | .429 | | |
| 1945 | Major | NNL2 | 2 | DNQ | 49 | 27 | 22 | 0 | .551 | | |
| 1946* | Major | NNL2 | 1 | 1st & 2nd | 74 | 51 | 21 | 2 | .708 | Won Negro World Series (Kansas City Monarchs) 4–3 Won pennant outright | |
| 1947 | Major | NNL2 | 2 | — | 89 | 49 | 39 | 1 | .557 | | |
| 1948 | Major | NNL2 | 3 | DNQ | 61 | 31 | 29 | 1 | .517 | | |
| Houston Eagles ||||||||||||
| 1949 | Minor | NAL | 4 (W) | — | 69 | 34 | 35 | 0 | .493 | | |
| 1950 | Minor | NAL | 4 (W) | DNQ | 65 | 23 | 41 | 1 | .359 | | |
| New Orleans Eagles ||||||||||||
| 1951 | Minor | NAL | 3 (W) | — | 83 | 39 | 44 | 0 | .470 | | |

### Key

* ↑ Placement in annual standings were generally decided by win percentage; "games behind" were never used.
* ↑ Finish in years when only a full season was indicates actual place in standings. Finish in years a split season was played indicates combined place in standings for both halves of the season.
* ↑ Years with a "—" did not play a split season. "1st" or 2nd" indicate which half of the season was won. "DNQ" indicates team did not win either half and did not qualify for postseason.
# 2020 Women's Beach Handball World Championships

The 2020 Women's IHF Beach Handball World Championships would have been the ninth edition of the tournament. Originally scheduled for 30 June to 5 July 2020 in Pescara, Italy, the tournament was planned to be rescheduled and moved to another host country, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
On 22 February 2021, the tournament was cancelled.

## Qualification

| Qualification | Vacancies | Qualified |
| Host | 1 | Italy |
| Defending champion | 1 | Greece |
| 2019 African Beach Games | 1 | Tunisia |
| 2019 Asian Beach Handball Championship | 2 | China Vietnam |
| 2019 European Beach Handball Championship | 5 | Croatia Denmark Hungary Netherlands Spain |
| 2019 Oceania Beach Handball Championship | 1 | Australia |
| 2019 South and Central American Beach Handball Championship | 2 | Argentina Brazil |
| 2019 Nor.ca Beach Handball Championship | 2 | Mexico United States |
| Wildcard | 1 | Norway |
# Ruby Jane Smith

Ruby Jane Smith (born November 17, 1994) is an American fiddle player, singer, and songwriter in the traditional bluegrass and Americana music genres. The youngest fiddler invited to play the Grand Ole Opry, Smith has toured and recorded with Asleep at the Wheel’s Ray Benson, Drake Bell, and Willie Nelson, and has performed on Austin City Limits.
Smith was born in Dallas, Texas, to parents who are originally from Columbus, Mississippi and while still a toddler moved there, with her mother, from whom she inherited a love for bluegrass music. Grand Ole Opry notable Jim Brock began instructing the seven-year-old Smith after seeing her perform onstage with Rhonda Vincent (Smith impressed Vincent and Brock with a rendering of "Boil Them Cabbage Down") and at age 10 she became the youngest invited fiddler to play at the Opry. She also performed in 2003 at the CMA Music Festival. After winning the 2005 Mississippi State Fiddle Championship and garnering several other contest titles, in 2008 Smith and her family moved to Austin, Texas.
Since moving to Austin, she has been mentored by Ray Benson, and she has toured with other artists (including Willie Nelson) She has performed in a Ray Benson play A Ride with Bob, and played on Willie Nelson’s Grammy-nominated Willie and the Wheel. She has recorded four CDs; her debut album Road to Columbus was released in 2006, and the follow-up 6-song EP Creekside was released in 2007. She realized a live CD "Live at Roadhouse Rags" in 2009 and her most recent EP Feels Like Home was released in 2010. She won the Daniel Pearl Memorial Violin award in 2007, named for Daniel Pearl and given by the foundation named for him, which promotes "Harmony for Humanity."
She was also an official performer at the 2010 and 2011 Austin City Limits Music Festival.

## Discography

* Road to Columbus (2006)
* Creekside (EP, 2007)
* Live At Roadhouse Rags (2009)
* Feels Like Home (EP, 2010)
* Celebrity (empire of emptiness) (2012)
# Potential Getaway Driver

Potential Getaway Driver is an independent record label that began in the winter of 2005. It was originally based between Flint, Michigan and Saginaw, Michigan and is now based between Flint and Chicago.
The label's name is a reference from the film Bottle Rocket.

## Roster

* Anathallo
* The Conqueror Worm
* Javelins
* Lingua Franca
* Our Space In Time
* Tristeza
# Portline

Portline Transportes Marítimos Internacionais, SA., often simply called Portline is a Portuguese shipping company. The company has diverse business activities, including dry bulk, containerised, and break-bulk cargo shipping, shipping agency, forwarding and logistics services, ship management and manning, ship brokerage and chartering, and a container depot service.
The company was originally state-owned and was privatized in 1991. The Portline fleet has a capacity of close to 1,000,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT), consisting of bulk carriers and container ships in the capesize, panamax and supramax, and other size classes.
The company's general cargo services operate primarily in Europe, reaching to Cape Verde, The Canary Islands, West Africa, and Brazil. Its bulk cargo service, which includes coal, ore, fertilizer and grain, serves markets in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

## Fleet

Portline Fleet :
| Name | Type | Built | GT | DWT |
| MV Achilleus | Bulker | 2001 | 28718 | 50992 |
| MV Angela | Bulker | 2004 | 30064 | 52571 |
| MV Angela Star | Bulker | 1998 | 38372 | 73978 |
| MV Adee | Bulker | 1993 | 7361 | 9198 |
| MV Carouge | Bulker | 1992 | 77273 | 149383 |
| MV Christina I | Container | 1993 | 7361 | 9198 |
| MV Florinda I | Bulker | 2005 | 30064 | 52498 |
| MV Ina | Bulker | 2003 | 88702 | 176423 |
| MV Manx Lion | Container | 1998 | 11153 | 16500 |
| MV Navios Cielo | Bulker | 2003 | 38871 | 75834 |
| MV Olympias | Bulker | 2001 | 29999 | 52817 |
| MV Port Douro | Container | 1992 | 4303 | 1690 |
| MV Port Estoril | Bulker | 2001 | 29986 | 52822 |
| MV Port Tejo | Container | 1993 | 4303 | 5314 |
| MV Sabrina I | Bulker | 2005 | 30064 | 52501 |
| MV Setubal | Container | 1997 | 11153 | 16730 |
The Portline fleet consists of 16 ships. Of these, 10 are bulk carriers and 6 are container ships. The bulker section of the fleet has 2 Capesize ships, 2 Panamax ships, and 6 Supramax ships.
As of 2008, the fleet has ships ranging from 3 to 16 years of age with an average age of over 9 years. Its oldest vessels are the MV Carouge and MV Port Douro built in 1992. Its newest vessels are the MV Florinda I and MV Sabrina I built in 2005.
In terms of deadweight tonnage, the combined fleet has a capacity of 848,449 DWT. The two largest vessels are the bulkers MV Carouge and MV Ina at 176,423 DWT and 149,383 DWT respectively. At the other end of the size spectrum, the company operates four small ships under 10,000 DWT: the MV Adee, MV Christina I, MV Port Douro, and the MV Port Tejo. The average capacity is just over 53,000 DWT fleetwide.
# Louise de La Fayette (jurist)

Louise Angélique de La Fayette (1948 – 27 November 2009) was a Canadian expert in the law of the sea who worked for the Canadian government, the University of Southampton, and the United Nations. She was known for her expertise on marine environmental law, on international nuclear law, and on the operations of the International Maritime Organization, and she became "one of the foremost legal authorities on maritime matters and liability for environmental damage".

## Education

De La Fayette was born in Toronto in 1948, the daughter of Balkan immigrants to Canada. She was a student of literature at Trinity College, Toronto, part of the University of Toronto, and remained at the University of Toronto for an M.A. in drama. However, after beginning doctoral research on Shakespeare, she instead decided to become a lawyer. In 1985, she earned an LL.M. at Queens' College, Cambridge.

## Career

After finishing her master's degree at Toronto, de La Fayette came to work for the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. During this time, she worked on the case on Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (commonly known as the Gulf of Maine Case), the Fisheries Jurisdiction Case between Spain and Canada, and on the Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case. She also spent a year visiting the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
After teaching for a year at the University of Glasgow, de La Fayette took a readership in 1996 in international law at the University of Southampton, also becoming director of the Centre for Environmental Law at Southampton.
While at Southampton, de La Fayette represented the International Union for Conservation of Nature pro bono at the International Maritime Organization. In 2002 she moved to the United Nations Department of Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea. She retired in 2006.