OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Digha, Nadia

Digha is a census town in the Haringhata CD block in the Kalyani subdivision of the Nadia district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Digha is located at 22°56′45″N 88°32′43″E﻿ / ﻿22.945888°N 88.545409°E﻿ / 22.945888; 88.545409.
Digha is not shown in Google maps. The map of Haringhata CD block, in the District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia, shows Digha south of Simhat, which is also shown in Google maps. The map in the census handbook identifies the presence of high school/ inter college in Digha. While Jagulia is identified in 2011 census as a separate place, Bara Jagulia is not identified as a separate place, and the area appears to be part of Digha.

### Area overview

Nadia district is part of the large alluvial plain formed by the Ganges-Bhagirathi system. The Kalyani subdivision has the Bhagirathi/ Hooghly on the west. Topographically, Kalyani subdivision is a part of the Ranaghat-Chakdaha Plain, the low-lying area found in the south-eastern part of the district. The smallest subdivision in the district, area-wise, has the highest level of urbanisation in the district. 76.73% of the population lives in urban areas and 23.27% lives in the rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. All the four subdivisions are presented with maps on the same scale – the size of the maps vary as per the area of the subdivision.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Digha had a total population of 6,916, of which 3,456 (50%) were males and 3,460 (46%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 510. The total number of literate persons in Digha was 5,968 (93.16% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia, Digha covered an area of 2.0986 km$^2$. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved tap water from treated source, hand pump. It had 692 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 hospital, 7 nursing home, 1 veterinary hospital. Among the educational facilities it had 3 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 2 senior secondary schools. It had 1 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abiyan). Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 cinema theatre, 1 auditorium/ community hall, 1 public library, 1 reading room. Two important commodities it produced were vegetable, paddy. It had the branch office of 1 nationalised bank, 1 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank.

## Education

Bara Jaguli Gopal Academy is a Bengali-medium boys only institution established in 1921. The school has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 1,200 books, 7 computers and a playground.
Raj Laxmi Kanya Vidyapith is a Bengali-medium girls only institution established in 1955. The school has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 2,541 books, 10 computers and playground.
# Bells for the South Side

Bells for the South Side is a double album by American jazz saxophonist Roscoe Mitchell, which was recorded live in 2015 at Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago in the context of The Freedom Principle, a 50th-anniversary exhibition devoted to the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians, and released on ECM.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Down Beat | |
In his review for AllMusic, Thom Jurek states, "Bells for the South Side is indeed massive, but its depth, breadth, and inspired performances border on the profound."
The Down Beat review by Bradley Bambarger says, "Pitched between avant-garde jazz and modernist chamber music, the sound poems of Bells for the South Side challenge the ear, whether they are keening or swirling, spare or textured. But the music also has an undeniable grandeur, the feel almost ritualistic."
The Point of Departure review by Michael Rosenstein states, "This release is a tour de force in Mitchell’s impressive catalog and the result is a tribute to his singular vision and sage choice in collaborators."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Roscoe Mitchell except where noted.

## Personnel

* Roscoe Mitchell – sopranino, soprano sax, alto sax, bass sax, flute, piccolo, bass recorder, percussion
* James Fei – sopranino sax, alto sax, contra-alto clarinet, electronics
* Hugh Ragin – trumpet, piccolo trumpet
* Tyshawn Sorey – trombone, piano, drums, percussion
* Craig Taborn – piano, organ, electronics
* Jaribu Shahid – double bass, bass guitar, percussion
* William Winant – percussion, tubular bells, glockenspiel, vibraphone, marimba, roto toms, cymbals, bass drum, woodblocks, timpani
* Kikanju Baku – drums, percussion
* Tani Tabbal – drums, percussion
# Asaccus iranicus

Asaccus iranicus is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. It is endemic to Iran.
# Béloko

Béloko is a village located near Central African Republic-Cameroon border in Nana-Mambéré Prefecture.

## History
### Central African Republic Civil War (2012-present)

Haut Conseil de Résistance et du Redressement National (HCRRN) captured Béloko from ex-Seleka on 10 January 2014. Nine days later, ex-Seleka militias attacked the HCRRN outpost in Béloko and the attack was foiled.
CPC rebels seized Béloko from government forces on 23 December 2020, causing the residents to take refuge in Cameroon. Six days later, CPC withdrew from Béloko. On 11 February 2021, FACA, with assistance from Wagner Group and Rwanda Forces, recaptured Béloko.
CPC attacked FACA and Wagner positions in Béloko on 21 January 2023 at 5 am. Although FACA and Wagner group managed to repel the attack, 20 vehicles and a customs office were burned. Two civilians and two Wagner Group members were killed during the attack. Due to the attack, the border was closed until 25 January 2023.
Although CPC's attack on 21 January 2023 was foiled, the threats of another rebel incursion to Béloko emerged. On 23 January 2023, the residents left Béloko and the security forces took position after hearing the presence of CPC militia behind the hill who wanted to invade Béloko. Nevertheless, the attack did not happen. On 12 March 2023, Wagner informed the local governments that CPC was preparing to invade Béloko. As a result, vehicles and trucks that were in the custom posts went back to Cantonnier.
3R rebels stormed FACA and Wagner positions in Beloko on 18 September 2023 and the attack was repelled. One civilian got injured due to the attack.

## Economy

There is a customs office in Béloko. The custom office holds economic importance as 80% of CAR imports pass through it.

## Healthcare

Béloko has one health post.
# Swiss Valley Reservoir

Swiss Valley Reservoir, also known as Upper Lliedi reservoir and Lower Lliedi reservoir, feeds water to the towns of Llanelli and Llannon. It gets the water from the River Lliedi.
The Swiss Valley Cycle Route, which forms part of National Cycle Route 47, itself part of the Celtic Trail), passes Swiss Valley Reservoir on a traffic free path between Llanelli and Cross Hands.
# Tirukkural translations into Chinese

As of 2015, the Chinese language had two translations available of the Tirukkural.

## History of translations

The first Chinese translation of the Kural text was made by Che'ng Hsi in 1967, published by the Department of Indian Studies, University of Malaya and printed at the Hong Kong University Press. The Nattukottai Chettiars Endowment Fund, which has also provided a Malay translation, funded the first Chinese translation.
The second translation was made by Yu Hsi in 2014, which is a complete translation made in Mandarin. It was first published in Taipei, Taiwan by Poem Culture Corp. The translation was released by former President of India A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.$^{:40}$ It was reprinted in India in 2014 by the Department of Tamil Development and Culture in the Tamil Nadu state.$^{:40–42}$ Yu Hsi's translation had earlier appeared as a Taiwan publication in 2010.$^{:40}$
In addition, Parthasarathy et al. also list D. S. Rajan as the third translator of the Kural text into Chinese. However, the translation remains unpublished and he is said to have translated only 60 couplets in all.$^{:42}$

## Translations

| Translation | Kural, Chapter 26 (禁食肉) | Kural, Chapter 26 (禁食肉) | Kural, Chapter 26 (禁食肉) |
| Translation | Chapter Title | Kural 254 (Couplet 26:4) | Kural 258 (Couplet 26:8) |
| Che'ng Hsi, 1967 | 禁食肉 | 如果你问："什么是仁慈？什么是冷酷？" 那是不杀和杀，因此，食肉永远不可能圣洁。 | |
| Yu Hsi, 2014 | 素食主義 | 慈悲是不殺生，洗心革面； 殺生為食則是無益的罪惡。 | 智者不以肉類為食， 因為它不過是腐屍。 |

## Similarities with Confucian thoughts

The Kural text (called Tirukkural, meaning "Sacred Verses") and the Confucian sayings recorded in the classic Analects of Chinese (called Lun Yu, meaning "Sacred Sayings") resemble each other in many ways. Both Valluvar and Confucius focused on the behaviors and moral conducts of a common person. Similar to Valluvar, Confucius advocated legal justice embracing human principles, courtesy, and filial piety, besides the virtues of benevolence, righteousness, loyalty and trustworthiness as foundations of life. Incidentally, Valluvar differed from Confucius in two respects. Firstly, unlike Confucius, Valluvar was also a poet. Secondly, Confucius did not deal with the subject of conjugal love, for which Valluvar devoted an entire division in his work.
# Dubai Crude

Dubai Crude is a medium sour crude oil extracted from Dubai. Dubai Crude is used as a price benchmark or oil marker because it is one of only a few Persian Gulf crude oils available immediately. There are two other main oil markers: Brent Crude and West Texas Intermediate.
Dubai Crude is generally used for pricing Persian Gulf crude oil exports to Asia. The Dubai benchmark is also known as Fateh, used in the United Arab Emirates. Forward trade of Dubai Crude is limited to one or two months.
Dubai Crude is a medium oil. It has a gravity of 31° API (specific gravity of 0.871) and a sulfur content of 2%/weight.
# Devil's Pulpit

Devil's Pulpit may refer to:

## Places

* The end of a gorge on the Mühlauer Bach, Tyrol, Austria
* A rock formation and golf course in Caledon, Ontario, Canada
* Devil's Pulpit, Gloucestershire, England
* A rock formation in Finnich Glen, Stirlingshire, Scotland

### Germany

Various features named Teufelskanzel
* A rock formation in the Bode Gorge, Saxony-Anhalt
* A rock formation on the Brocken, Saxony-Anhalt
* A rock formation in the Frickenhofer Höhe, Baden-Württemberg
* A rock formation on the mountain Kandel, Baden-Württemberg

### United States

* A rock formation in Bedford, New Hampshire
* A rock formation on Monument Mountain (Berkshire County, Massachusetts)
* A rock formation at Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania
* A rock formation on Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, California

## Other

* The Devil's Pulpit, a book of sermons by the English Radical Robert Taylor
# Llecué

Llecué is a mountain in the commune of Los Lagos in Los Ríos Region, southern Chile. The mountain lies west of mount Tralcán and immediately south of San Pedro River. The eastern slope of the mountain is a sharp fault scarp as is part of its western slope. The name of the mountain is Mapuche based on llecu, meaning near, and hue, meaning place. The mountain lies next to the catastrophic landslide of 1575 which dammed San Pedro River causing a flood when the dam burst.
# Crassuncus

Crassuncus is an Afrotropical genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae.

## Taxonomy

The genus was erected by C. Gibeaux in 1994 and is currently assigned to tribe Oidaematophorini. Several of its species were originally described in genus Pterophorus.

## Distribution

The genus has an Afrotropical distribution, with species recorded from Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, South Africa and on Madagascar.

## Species

As of version 1.1.23.125, the Catalogue of the Pterophoroidea of the World lists the following species for genus Crassuncus:
* Crassuncus colubratus (Meyrick, 1909)
* Crassuncus defectus (Bigot & Luquet, 1991)
* Crassuncus ecstaticus (Meyrick, 1932)
* Crassuncus ermakovae Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin, 2017
* Crassuncus hawkingi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2016
* Crassuncus kenzo Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin, 2017
* Crassuncus koperbergi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2016
* Crassuncus livingstoni Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin, 2014
* Crassuncus orophilus Gibeaux, 1994
* Crassuncus pacifica (Meyrick, 1911)
* Crassuncus pseudolaudatus (Gibeaux, 1992)
* Crassuncus timidus (Meyrick, 1908)
* Crassuncus tripunctatus (Walsingham, 1881)
# DiggyPOD

DiggyPOD is a privately owned company that prints books on demand for the publishing industry and for self-publishing authors. The company name DiggyPOD is a modified acronym of the phrase “Digital Printing On Demand.”

## History

DiggyPOD, Inc. was started in 1988 by Laura Alexander and three partners, and was called Quickprint, Inc. In 2001 Tim Simpson bought the business from Laura Alexander and changed the name to DiggyPOD. Initially the company was located in Saline, Michigan, and served the markets of Saline, Ann Arbor, and Ypsilanti. DiggyPOD was originally a commercial printing company, serving small to large businesses with their printing needs.
In 2003, DiggyPOD was picked for the 2003 Saline Area Chamber of Commerce Enterprise Business Award. In January 2004, Tim Simpson, the owner of DiggyPOD, decided to transform the business from a commercial printing company servicing the surrounding community to a national company in the book publishing industry. In July 2004, DiggyPOD launched a website to cater to the print-on-demand publishing industry. In 2006, DiggyPOD built a new production facility in Saline, Michigan, to increase work capacities. DiggyPOD, in 2008 and 2010, was recognized as a leader in transitioning its business model from a commercial printing company to an on-demand book printing company. In 2012, DiggyPOD sold its commercial printing business and the equipment needed to run the commercial printing to Standard Printing in Ypsilanti, Michigan. This sale of the commercial printing business was used to fund growth of the book printing business and help DiggyPOD move to a bigger facility in Tecumseh, Michigan in 2013.
In 2014, DiggyPOD was included on Forbes' Inc. 5000 List of the Fastest-Growing Private Companies in America.
# Belonolaimus

Belonolaimus is a genus of nematodes. They are known commonly as sting nematodes. They are ectoparasites that feed on plant roots, sometimes becoming agricultural pests. They are found in the United States, Mexico, and Puerto Rico.
The genus was erected with the description of B. gracilis from the roots of a pine tree in Florida in the United States. Other species were soon described from various pine species. B. longicaudatus was recognized as an important agricultural pest in the southeastern United States.
These are some of the largest plant-parasitic nematodes, reaching up to 3 millimeters in length. They feed by inserting their stylets into roots and sucking the contents of root cells. They can be found on fruits, vegetables, and turfgrasses or on crops such as cotton, soybeans, and tree plantations. Sting nematodes can cause severe plant damage and have been responsible for complete crop losses. B. longicaudis is considered to be the worst pest species.
Females are fertilized by males, storing sperm in a spermatheca. The females lay several eggs, and there are four juvenile stages.

## Species

There are six valid species, but B. longicaudis is considered a species complex.
* Belonolaimus euthychilus
* Belonolaimus gracilis
* Belonolaimus longicaudatus
* Belonolaimus maluceroi
* Belonolaimus maritimus
* Belonolaimus nortoni
# Notomulciber decemmaculatus

Notomulciber decemmaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1942. It is known from India.
# Bârca

Bârca is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 4,500 people. It is composed of a single village, Bârca.

## Natives

* Marin Ceaușu (1891–1954), brigadier-general during World War II
# Tirukkoyilur block

The Thirukkoyilur block is a revenue block in the Kallakurichi district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 52 panchayat villages.
# Arden station

Arden station may refer to:
* Arden railway station, Denmark, a railway station in North Jutland, Denmark
* Arden railway station, Melbourne, a railway station in Victoria, Australia
* Arden railway station, Scotland, a disused railway station in Falkirk, Scotland
# 1st New York Regiment

The 1st New York Regiment was authorized on 25 May 1775 and organized at New York City from 28 June to 4 August, for service with the Continental Army under the command of Colonel Alexander McDougall. The enlistments of the first establishment ended on 31 December 1775.
The second establishment of the regiment was authorized on 19 January 1776.
The regiment was involved in the Invasion of Canada, the Battle of Valcour Island, the Battle of Saratoga, the Battle of Monmouth, the Sullivan Expedition, and the Battle of Yorktown. The regiment was furloughed 2 June 1783 at Newburgh, New York and disbanded 15 November 1783.
# Crawford, Tennessee

Crawford is an unincorporated community in Overton County, Tennessee, United States. It is located just south of the intersection of Tennessee State Route 85 (Wilder Highway) and Tennessee State Route 164 (Hanging Limb Highway). Crawford has its own post office, with Zip code 38554.
# Dichelonyx elongatula

Dichelonyx elongatula is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.
# North Lake (New York)

North Lake is a lake located by Atwell, New York and is the source of the Black River. North Lake is one of several lakes in Herkimer County that has a medium acid content, and is therefore not a big fish producer. The fish species present are tiger muskie, white sucker, perch, and bullhead. Boating is permitted, limited to a small gravel based boat launch in Atwell.
The 11,490-acre North Lake Easement Tract (also known as the J.P. Lewis Tract), is located in the Town of Ohio in Herkimer County. It is currently owned by Heartwood Forestry Fund. The tract surrounds the northern portion of North Lake and is bounded by the Black River Wild Forest on the southwest and the West Canada Lakes Wilderness on the northeast. The tract has the same rolling topography and features characteristic of adjacent forest preserve lands. Besides the lake, the tract includes numerous creeks, brooks and ponds. 2,606-foot Canachagala Mountain and 2,391-foot Golden Stair Mountain are located in the northwestern portion of the tract. NOTE: The public is prohibited from trespassing on the private property exclusion areas around the 35 camps on the North Lake Easement Tract.
# Tirukkoyilur taluk

11°57′N 79°12′E﻿ / ﻿11.95°N 79.2°E﻿ / 11.95; 79.2 Tirukkoyilur taluk is a taluk of Kallakurichi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Tirukkoyilur.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Tirukkoyilur had a population of 438,254 with 222,295 males and 215,959 females. There were 971 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 61.02%. Child population in the age group below 6 years were 27,019 Males and 25,166 Females.
# Arden railway station, Scotland

Arden railway station was a station on the Slamannan Railway. The line connected mines and villages in the Central Scotland.
Opened by the Slamannan Railway, then joining the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, was absorbed into the North British Railway. It became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station was then closed by that company.

## The site today

The site has been obliterated by open cast mining.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Whiterigg | | North British Railway Slamannan Railway | | Longriggend |
# Desert long-eared bat

The desert long-eared bat (Otonycteris hemprichii) is a species of vesper bat found in North Africa and the Middle East.

## Taxonomy

The taxonomic classification of Otonycteris is unclear, however their chromosomes suggest that this genus is closely related to the Barbastella and Plecotus genera.

## Description

It has a body and head length of about 73-81 mm (2.9-3.2 in); a forearm length of about 57–67 mm (2.2–2.6 in), and a tail length of about 47–70 mm (1.9–2.8 in). Male desert long-eared bats weigh 18–20 g (0.63–0.71 oz). They have nearly horizontally directed ears, which use a band of skin to connect across the forehead and are about 40 mm in length. The desert long-eared bat has a pale sandy and dark brown upper part, with a whitish bottom. It has a similar skull and similar teeth to the Eptesicus. Some specimens of this species have two sets of mammae in their pectoral muscles, which is unique for mammals. These mammae may not be functional.

## Ecology and behavior

This species normally inhabits dry, arid, rocky, and barren regions. One pair of these bats was found living in a hill's crevice in the Negev Desert. This bat has also been found in buildings.
Otonycteris hemprichii has a flight pattern described as "floppy and slow".

### Diet

This species is assumed to be carnivorous due to its body mass, low wing loading, and low aspect ratio. This bat likely forages close to the ground, using echolocation to detect large flying or surface-dwelling invertebrates. Through echolocation, the bats can detect scorpions as they walk. They feed mostly on arachnids and orthopterans that are seized directly from the ground. An Israeli study found that up to 70% of the bat droppings contained scorpion fragments, including the highly venomous Palestine yellow scorpion along with other less venomous species. The bat catches the scorpion, biting its head off. The bats are often stung in the face with the scorpion’s stinger with no recorded signs of toxicity, suggesting that the bats are immune to the venom.

### Courtship and breeding

Breeding colonies consisting of 3–15 females have been discovered. Seven pregnant females, most with two embryos, were found in central Asia. In a deserted hut in Jordan three pregnant females, all of whom carried two embryos were found.

## Distribution and range

Its range is now recognized to include Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, and Uzbekistan.