OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nina Grønnum

Nina Grønnum (Danish:; born 1 March 1945 in Copenhagen) is a Danish retired phonetician and associate professor emeritus from the University of Copenhagen. She is best known for her work on the pronunciation of Danish and especially her many studies on Danish intonation and prosody. She went by her married name Nina Thorsen or Nina Grønnum Thorsen until the 1980s.
She is included in Krak's Blue Book and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters since 2003, and has been a fellow of The Society of Sciences in Lund member of the Council of the International Phonetic Association and vice institute leader of Institute of Nordic Studies and Linguistics at the University of Copenhagen.
She has been on the editorial boards of Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, the Journal of the International Phonetic Association and Nordic Journal of Linguistics.

## Biography

In 1972, she majored in phonetics from the University of Copenhagen and was assistant professor there from 1972 to 1976 and then associate professor (from 1993 with special qualifications) until 2008 where she retired. She received the equivalent of a PhD in 1981, and the dr.phil degree in 1992 on the basis of her Groundworks of Danish intonation

## Selected publications
### Books

* Grønnum, Nina (1992), The groundworks of Danish intonation, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, ISBN 978-8772891699
* Grønnum, Nina; Rischel, Jørgen, eds. (2001), To Honour Eli Fischer-Jørgensen: festschrift on the occasion of her 90th birthday, February 11th, 2001, Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague, Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel, ISBN 8778762138
* Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (in Danish) (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
* Grønnum, Nina (2007), Rødgrød med fløde – En lille bog om dansk fonetik (in Danish), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 978-87-500-3918-1
* Rischel, Jørgen (2008), Grønnum, Nina; Gregersen, Frans; Basbøll, Hans (eds.), Sound Structure in Language, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199544349

### Papers

* Grønnum, Nina (1998a), "Illustrations of the IPA: Danish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28 (1 & 2): 99–105, doi:10.1017/s0025100300006290, S2CID 249412109
* Grønnum, Nina (1998b), "Intonation in Danish", in Hirst, Daniel; Cristo, Albert Di (eds.), Intonation Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 131–151, ISBN 9780521395137
# Ahl Fashshash

Ahl Fashshash is a village in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate. Its nearest airport is Aden International Airport.
# COASY

Bifunctional coenzyme A synthase is an enzyme that in mammals is encoded by the COASY gene that catalyses the synthesis of coenzyme A from 4'-phosphopantetheine.

## Function

COASY is an enzyme that catalyzes the last two steps in the synthesis of coenzyme A from vitamin B$_5$ (pantothenic acid). The primary substrate is 4'-phosphopantetheine and COASY is a bifunctional enzyme in this pathway:
* 4′-Phosphopantetheine is adenylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl-transferase (PPAT; CoaD)
* Next, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephospho-CoA kinase (DPCK; CoaE)
In mammals this is a single enzyme, but in organisms including yeast and bacteria these enzymes are encoded by separate genes.

## Interactions

COASY has been shown to interact with P70-S6 Kinase 1. In 2009, COASY has also been implicated in PI3K signaling, as it was shown to interact with a regulatory subunit of PI3K.

## Clinical significance

Loss of function mutations to COASY have been associated with an ultra-rare disease that causes neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation called COASY protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN), or NBIA6.
# Bandeira River (Piquiri River tributary)

The Bandeira River is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Piquiri River.
# List of tallest buildings in Baton Rouge

Baton Rouge is the capital city of Louisiana, in the United States. Situated on the Mississippi River, it is the second-largest city in Louisiana (with New Orleans as the largest).
Baton Rouge has many tall buildings. The eleven tallest buildings are: Louisiana State Capitol, One American Place, Chase Tower, Riverside Tower North, Marriott Hotel Baton Rouge, Memorial Tower, Mid-City Tower, St. Joseph Cathedral, Louisiana State Office Building, Jacobs Plaza, Hilton Baton Rouge Capitol Centre.
| Rank | Name | Height feet (m) | Floors | Year | Notes |
| 1 | Louisiana State Capitol | 460 (140) | 34 | 1932 | Tallest Capital Building in the US |
| 2 | One American Place | 310 (94) | 24 | 1974 | |
| 3 | Chase Tower | 277 (84) | 21 | 1968 | |
| 4 | Riverside Tower North | 229 (70) | 20 | 1989 | |
| 5 | Marriott Hotel Baton Rouge | 224 (68) | 22 | 1976 | Tallest building outside of Downtown |
| 6 | Memorial Tower | 175 (53) | 2 | 1923 | |
| 7 | Mid-City Tower | 174 (53) | 14 | 1966 | |
| 8 | St. Joseph Cathedral | 165 (50) | | 1853 | |
| 9 | Louisiana State Office Building | 160 (49) | 12 | 1927 | |
| 10 | Jacobs Plaza | 144 (44) | 13 | 1989 | |
| 11 | Hilton Baton Rouge Capitol Center | 132 (40) | 11 | 1927 | |
# Dori Airport

Dori Airport (IATA: DOR, ICAO: DFEE) is a public use airport located 2 nm west of Dori, Séno, Burkina Faso.

## Accidents and incidents

* On October 8, 1988, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (XT-AAX) of Air Burkina crashed during takeoff and was written off. It is unknown if anyone was killed.
* On August 15, 1991, a Fokker F-27 Friendship 100 (J5-GBB) of Air Bissau attempted to make an emergency landing on a ferry flight from Kano to Bamako after the crew became disoriented. The plane hit trees during landing and broke up, killing all 3 occupants.
# Cash (unit)

Cash or li (simplified Chinese: 厘; traditional Chinese: 釐 or 厘; pinyin: lí) is a traditional Chinese unit of weight.
The terms "cash" or "le" were documented to have been used by British explorers in the 1830s when trading in Qing territories of China.
Under the Hong Kong statute of the Weights and Measures Ordinance, 1 cash is about 0.0013 ounces (0.037 g). Currently, it is 1⁄10 candareen or 1⁄16000 catty, namely 37.79936375 milligrams (0.5833333269 gr).
# Breiavatnet

Breiavatnet is a small lake in the municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The 0.031-square-kilometre (7.7-acre) lake is very shallow, only a few feet deep. The lake gets its water from the Kannikbekken stream, which flows from the Mosvatnet lake and runs through the city (the stream was put mostly underground in culverts and pipes in 1899). A decorative fountain was installed in the middle of the lake in 1924.
The lake lies in the city centre of Stavanger, on the border of the boroughs of Storhaug and Eiganes og Våland. The Stavanger Cathedral, the City Park, and Stavanger Cathedral School lie on the northern shore of the lake. The Stavanger train station is located on the south shore of the lake.
The lake is the home of various birds, such as swans, seagulls, ducks, and sparrows. There are scarcely any fish in the water, and an old story from the area says that only the principal of Stavanger Cathedral School is the only one with rights to go fishing in Breiavatnet.
# Backward flying

Backward flying, also known as reverse flying, is a locomotive phenomenon where the object flies in the opposite of its intended flight direction.

## Different fields
### Biology

In nature, there are very few organisms who can fly in such manner, making the phenomenon very rare. In the class Aves (birds), there is only one family, Trochilidae (hummingbirds) where the backward flying phenomenon can be found. In the class Insecta (insects), in the infraorder Anisoptera (dragonflies), genus Hemaris (bee hawk-moths) and order Diptera (true flies), species with this ability can be also found.
There are also some species that don't use the traditional wing flapping mechanism to fly backwards. One such example is the Japanese flying squid, which uses a jet propulsion mechanism for backward flying.

### Technology

In technology, there are some aircraft that can fly backwards. One example is helicopters.

## Efficiency

There is no difference in the efficiency between forward flying and backward flying. Although, it was originally thought that backward flying would be much less efficient.

## Similar phenomena

Similar to backward flying, backward gliding phenomenon also exists in nature. An example of organism that can backward glide is Cephalotes atratus (kaka-sikikoko).
# Al-Ba'uni

Al-Bā'ūnī is an Arabic family name (or nisba) most famously denoting the prominent dynasty of scholars and jurists descending from Nāṣir b. Khalīfa b. Faradj al-Nāṣirī al-Bā'unī al-Shāfi'ī, who began life as a weaver in the village of Bā'ūn (or Bā'ūna) in Hauran. Leaving around 750/1349 for Nazareth, Nāṣir had the following prominent descendants before the dynasty disappears from the historical record:
The family is noted for its interest in Islamic mysticism and Sufism; 'many members of the Bū'ūnī family ... were buried in a family plot adjacent to the zāwiyah of the Sufi master Abū Bakr ibn Dūwūd (d. 806/1403). This strongly suggests their attachment to this Sufi and his descendants, who were affiliated with the Urmawī branch of the Qādirīyah order'. Several of the family's female members, including 'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya, married members of another prominent Damascus family, Ibn Naqīb al-Ashrāf, who were noted for being descendants of Muhammad.
# Nittany

Nittany may refer to:

## Locations

* Mount Nittany, a mountain in Centre County, Pennsylvania
* Nittany Valley, a valley between Mount Nittany and Bald Eagle Mountain, in Pennsylvania
* Nittany Arch, a geographic feature in the Appalachian Mountains
* Nittany, Pennsylvania, a town in Centre County, Pennsylvania

## Sports

* Penn State Nittany Lions, the sports teams for Pennsylvania State University
** Nittany Lion, the mascot for said teams
** The Nittany Lion (song), the school's fight song
** Nittany Nation, the student cheering section
** Nittany Lion Shrine, a statue at Pennsylvania State University

## Transportation

* Nittany Valley Railroad, a former shortline railroad
* Nittany and Bald Eagle Railroad, a current shortline railroad

## Other

* Nittany Furnace, a former iron furnace in Spring Township, Pennsylvania
* Nittany Mall, a shopping center in State College, Pennsylvania
* Nittany Apple, a hybrid cultivar of Golden Delicious and York Imperial apples
# Ahl Fulays

Ahl Fulays is a village in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate.
# Oyda

Oyda may refer to:
* Oyda language, spoken in the Gamo Zone of Ethiopia
* Oyda (woreda), an administrative division in southern Ethiopia
* "Oyda" (song), a 2022 song by Oxxxymiron
# Botanical Garden of Curitiba

The Jardim Botânico de Curitiba, also known in English as the Botanical Garden of Curitiba and formally referred to as Jardim Botânico Fanchette Rischbieter, is a prominent park situated in Curitiba, the capital of the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. It is a key tourist attraction and landmark within the city and houses a portion of the Federal University of Paraná campus. The international identification code for the garden is CURIT.
Established in 1991, the Jardim Botânico de Curitiba was designed in the style of French formal gardens. Upon entering the park, visitors are greeted by expansive gardens featuring fountains, waterfalls, and lakes, as well as the principal greenhouse, which spans 458 square meters. The greenhouse, constructed in an Art Nouveau style with a modern metallic framework, resembles the mid-19th century Crystal Palace in London and showcases tropical plant species. The park covers an area of 240,000 m$^2$.
The Botanic Museum, located within the park, houses a national reference collection of native flora and attracts researchers from around the globe. It includes a diverse array of botanical species from the Atlantic Forests of eastern Brazil.
Adjacent to the greenhouse is the Museum of Franz Krajcberg, dedicated to the Polish-Brazilian artist renowned for his environmental advocacy. This museum, covering 1,320 m$^2$, features multimedia classrooms, a 60-seat auditorium, and exhibition spaces showcasing works donated by visual artists, including sculptures, reliefs, photographs, videos, and educational materials.
On the opposite side of the park stands the Botanical Museum, a wooden structure accessible via a wooden bridge. The Botanical Museum of Curitiba is home to the fourth-largest herbarium in Brazil. The area surrounding the museum includes a pond with various aquatic life, a lake, an auditorium, a library, exhibition spaces, a theater, tennis courts, and a cycle track.

## Gallery

* The garden
* In the inaugural year
* The French gardens
* Botanic Museum
* "A Mãe" ("The Mother") sculpture
* Plants inside the greenhouse
* Garden with native flowers
* Inside the Frans Krajcberg Gallery
* On Breast Cancer Day
# 2015 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne

The 2015 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Quimper, France between 2 and 8 March 2015.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| UZB | Farrukh Dustov | 98 | 1 |
| FRA | Kenny de Schepper | 103 | 2 |
| GER | Andreas Beck | 114 | 3 |
| FRA | Benoît Paire | 118 | 4 |
| UKR | Illya Marchenko | 127 | 5 |
| EST | Jürgen Zopp | 157 | 6 |
| GBR | Liam Broady | 181 | 7 |
| ITA | Matteo Viola | 193 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of February 23, 2015.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Grégoire Barrère
* Kenny de Schepper
* Maxime Teixeira
* Martin Vaïsse
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Teri Groll
* Edward Corrie
* Calvin Hemery
* Daniel Brands
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Andrés Artuñedo Martínavarro
* Sébastien Boltz
* Élie Rousset
The following players got into the singles main draw as a special exempt:
* Andriej Kapaś

## Champions
### Singles

* Benoît Paire def. Grégoire Barrère, 6–4, 3–6, 6–4

### Doubles

* Flavio Cipolla / Dominik Meffert def. Martin Emmrich / Andreas Siljeström, 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, [10–8]
# Randy Dixon

Randall Charles Dixon (born March 12, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL).
Dixon was born in Clewiston, Florida and played scholastically at Clewiston High School. He played collegiately for the Pittsburgh Panthers, where, as a junior, he was recognized as a consensus All-American.
Dixon was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the fourth-round of the 1987 NFL draft. He spent his entire nine-year career with the Colts, becoming a full-time starter in his second season.
# Backward diode

In semiconductor devices, a backward diode (also called back diode) is a variation on a Zener diode or tunnel diode having a better conduction for small reverse biases (for example –0.1 to –0.6 V) than for forward bias voltages.
The reverse current in such a diode is by tunneling, which is also known as the tunnel effect.

## Current–voltage characteristics of backward diode

The forward I–V characteristic is the same as that of an ordinary P–N diode. The breakdown starts when reverse voltage is applied. In the case of Zener breakdown, it starts at a particular voltage. In this diode the voltage remains relatively constant (independent of current) when it is connected in reverse bias. The backward diode is a special form of tunnel diode in which the tunneling phenomenon is only incipient, and the negative resistance region virtually disappears. The forward current is very small and becomes equivalent to the reverse current of a conventional diode.

## Applications of backward diodes
### Detector

    Since it has low capacitance and no charge storage effect, and a strongly nonlinear small-signal characteristic, the backward diode can be used as a detector up to 40 GHz.

### Rectifier

    A backward diode can be used for rectifying weak signals with peak amplitudes of 0.1 to 0.7 V.

### Switch

    A backward diode can be used in high speed switching applications.
# Dart Line

Dart Line was a British ferry operator operating from the River Thames near Dartford.
The company had several vessels named Dart:
* MS Dart 1, operated 1997–2002
* MS Dart 2, operated 1996–2005
* MS Dart 3, launched 1985, used on the Dartford–Vlissingen, Dartford–Zeebrugge and Dartford–Dunkirk routes 1997–2006
* MS Dart 4, operated 1997–2006
* MS Dart 5, operated 1996–1999
* MS Dart 6, launched 1998, used on the Dartford–Vlissingen line and Dartford–Dunkirk in 1998–1999 and 2003
* MS Dart 7, launched 1998, operated on the Dartford–Vlissingen line in 1999
* MS Dart 8, operated 1999–2006
* MS Dart 9, operated 1999–2006
They also operated other ships:
Dart Line was owned by Jacobs Holdings, who in 2000 announced a move of the freight and ferry services at Thames Europort, Dartford, to Shell Haven in Essex. In 2006 the parent company Bidvest sold Dart Line to Cobelfret.
# Akkaynak, Kalecik

Akkaynak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kalecik, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 122 (2022).
# MV Uhuru

MV Uhuru1 is a Lake Victoria ferry in East Africa. She is a Kenya Railways Corporation train ferry that operated between Jinja, Mwanza, Musoma and Kisumu. Uhuru means "freedom" in Swahili.
Uhuru1 and her sister ship MV Umoja were built in 1965 by Yarrow Shipbuilders in Scotstoun, Glasgow, Scotland, and entered service in 1966. At over 300 ft (91 m), they were the longest vessels on any of the East African lakes.
The two vessels were owned and operated by the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EARH) until 1977, when EARH was divided between Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Uhuru was transferred to the new Kenya Railways Corporation and Umoja was transferred to the new Tanzania Railways Corporation.
Uhuru was suspended from service in 2007.
It was later revived in late 2019
# Bannihatti Parameshwarappa Dakshayani

Bannihatti (BP) Parameshwarappa Dakshayani is the former group director of the Flight Dynamics and Space Navigation groups of the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre.

## Early life and education

Dakshayani was born and raised in Bhadravati, Karnataka. She was encouraged to study engineering by her father, but he thought a bachelor's degree would be sufficient. She studied mathematics at the University of Mysore and earned a master's degree in 1981. After graduating she worked at Sir Vishveshwaraiah Institute of Science & Technology teaching maths. In 1998 she completed a Masters in Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science.

## Career

Dakshayani was appointed to the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre in 1984. She was assigned to computer programming and orbital dynamics. She had never seen a computer when she applied, so had to teach herself during the evenings. The software she designed for trajectory generation was used in several space missions.
She was made director for the Flight Dynamics and Space Navigation groups. Around 27% of the staff involved with the development and design of satellites were women. She was responsible for the low earth, geosynchronous orbit and interplanetary missions of the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre. She was project manager for the Space Capsule Recovery Experiment and deputy project manager for the Mars Orbiter Mission. After completing an analysis of orbit stability, she identified that a highly eccentric orbit would provide better position accuracy. She won an Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre merit award for her Mars Orbiter Mission. The mission entered the desired Martian orbit in September 2014. In 2018 she appeared on the BBC World Service show My Indian Life with Kalki Koechlin.
# Bora Special Reserve

Bora Special Reserve is a wildlife reserve in the Sofia Region of Madagascar, between the villages of Antsohihy and Bealanana. Bora is in a transition zone between eastern humid forests and western dry forests and the reserve and has many endemic species including six lemur species, twenty birds and over 150 species of endemic plants.

## Geography

This 4,841 hectares (11,960 acres) reserve is in the north-west of Madagascar, 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Antsohihy. In the north the park is accessible by the tarmaced road, RN31, which runs between Antsohihy and Bealalana, and the southern part of the reserve is accessible by the road between Befandriana-Nord and Antsohihy. The landscape is mainly flat with volcanic rocks and small hills and on the eastern border is the Anjingo River with its tributary the Bemahavony brook. There are two seasons; a cool dry season from May to October and a warm rainy season for the rest of the year.
The prominent ethnic group is the Tsimihety people who farm in and around the reserve.

## Flora and fauna

Bora is in a transition zone between eastern humid forests and western dry forests which can be seen in the vegetation and fauna which belongs to both types. Dry deciduous forest is the dominant habitat in the reserve and there are also areas of degraded secondary forest, gallery forest and savannah, as well as some areas converted into rice paddies. Nearly three hundred species of plants have been recorded and more than half are endemic. There is also six species of lemur (four nocturnal and two diurnal), 48 species of birds (twenty endemic), fifteen reptiles species, five species of amphibians and 160 families of arthropods.

## Threats

The reserve is under threat from hunting for bush meat, illegal tree felling, plantations, rice paddies, and setting fire (known as tavy) to land to encourage grass for grazing herds of zebu.
# Anup Singh Choudry

Anup Singh Choudry (born 13 August 1949), is a Ugandan-born Sikh of Punjabi ancestry and a Sikh writer formerly based in the United Kingdom who served as a justice of the High Court of Uganda from 2 May 2008 until 11 August 2014.
He was sworn in at a ceremony at the State House in Entebbe before President Yoweri Museveni and Chief Justice Benjamin Odoki. He is the first Sikh and Ugandan-born Asian to be appointed to the bench in that country.

## Background & education

Anup Singh was born on 13 August 1949 to Tarlok Singh and Narinder Kaur in Masaka, Uganda. His grandfather Hari Singh, originally from Rawalpindi, India, migrated to Uganda in the early 1900s and served in the then Crown Colony's civil service system. Singh's father too, served in Uganda's Civil Service which he retired from in 1972.
Singh attended Shimoni Demonstration Primary School and did his secondary school education in both Nyamitanga Secondary School in Mbarara as well as St. Joseph's College Layibi, in Gulu. After his education in Uganda, he attended Kings College at the University of London, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, College of Law Chester and College of Law Guilford.

## Career

Singh practiced law in the United Kingdom as a solicitor, for 20 years, from 1980 until 2000. He also ran several businesses in the United Kingdom, including a Nissan car dealership, and two property and investment companies.
In 2008, the Uganda Judicial Services Commission recommended him to the president of Uganda for nomination as a Justice of the High Court of Uganda. He was nominated and duly approved by the Ugandan Parliament. He was sworn in on 2 May 2008.
After 6 years of service, Justice Choudry retired on 11 August 2011 and returned to the United Kingdom to join his family.

## Personal life

Justice Choudry is married and has 3 children.

## Publications

He has written several books, notably Sikh Pilgrimage to Pakistan.
* Sikh Pilgrimage to Pakistan
* Sikh Genocide 1984 (Editor)
* Flight to Freedom
* Lawyers Office Directory A-Z. Editor: Anup Singh Choudry, the first A-Z legal directory in the UK (1989) ISBN 0-9513894-0-8
* Human Rights of Women in Sikhism