OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mabel Cox Surdam

Mabel Cox Surdam (born October 23, 1879 — died after 1940) was an American portrait photographer based at various times in Binghamton, New York, Toronto, Ontario, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Early life

Mabel E. Cox was from Scranton, Pennsylvania, the daughter of David Austin Cox and Lettie Austin Rome Cox. Her father worked for the railroad.

## Career

In 1910, Mabel Cox Surdam hosted a meeting of the Photographers' Association of Binghamton, in her home in that city. She worked as a receptionist and portrait photographer in Toronto, for the T. Eaton Company. After eight years in Toronto, she worked at the Breckon studio in Pittsburgh, beginning in 1921, and was active in that city's photography groups too. She spoke at a meeting of the Professional Photographers Society of New York in 1918, and the Professional Photographers of Pennsylvania in 1923.
In 1911 and 1912, Surdam was elected second vice-president of the Women's Federation of the Photographers' Association of America, in the Federation's leadership with Maybelle Goodlander and Pearl Grace Loehr. She had seven works in a traveling exhibit organized by the Photographers' Association of America in 1916. She spoke to the convention on the topic "Personality in Business" in 1919. 1922 she was named third vice-president of the Association. "There is never a convention at which she is not present, either as a speaker or spectator," noted one profile of Surdam in 1919.

## Personal life

Mabel Cox married fellow photographer Sherman Evarts Surdam in 1898. Her husband was head of the photographic department at General Electric, taught photography at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and was president of the Professional Photographers Society of New York in 1940-1941.
# MPWH

MPWH (Meeting People With Herpes) is an American-based international Herpes dating community. MPWH offers an exclusive platform for positive singles who are living with Herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2) to find support, friendship and love.

## History

In 2015, MPWH launched its apps for iOS and Android devices, which provide full functionality as its pc site and mobile site. Currently Michelle Lee is MPWH APP co-founder.
MPWH app was announced by Cosmopolitan UK as a dating app for people with Herpes in September, 2015.
MPWH started to charge its members from March, 2016 PT (Pacific time) for providing a serious and meaningful dating environment.
In 2018, MPWH was incorporated into SuccessfulMatch.com.

## Overview

The MPWH business frame is based on a membership system, people with Herpes create profiles with anonymous usernames and join in free of charge. Members have the options to hide or open their profiles or photos to others.
The community supports features, such as Latest Activities, Browse, SPARK, Private Album, Winks, Connections, Messages, Blog, etc.

## Matching

The MPWH uses Tinder-style matching function called "SPARK" for members finding their matches. "SPARK" offers members' photos with age, gender, location to swipe and encourage members upload photos to enjoy swiping. Members swipe left 'pass' and swipe right to 'like'. If members like each other, MPWH will let them know.
# Caitriona Palmer

Caitriona Palmer (born 1972) is an Irish journalist, author, human rights investigator and advocate, born and raised in County Dublin, Ireland.

## Education

Palmer studied at University College Dublin, where she received a bachelor's degree in history and politics in 1993.
In 1995, she won a Fulbright Scholarship to complete her master's at Boston College.
In 2021, Palmer was awarded the UCD Alumni Award in Social Sciences.

## Career

From 2002 to 2004, Palmer was the Iran correspondent for The Irish Times based in Tehran.
Palmer is the author of two books, the memoir, An Affair With My Mother: A Story of Adoption, Secrecy and Love (Penguin, 2016) and Climate Justice (Bloomsbury, 2018), co-written with former president of Ireland, Mary Robinson
# Caitou

Caitou is a commune of Angola, located in the province of Namibe.
# Cadet Love

Cadet Love (Hungarian: Kadétszerelem) is a 1942 Hungarian comedy film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Valéria Hidvéghy, Margit Zsilley and Margit Árpád. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Simoncsics.

## Cast

* Valéria Hidvéghy as Annus
* Margit Zsilley as Bambi
* Margit Árpád as Macskássy tanárnõ
* Karola Zala as Igazgatónõ
* Gábor Rajnay as Lipót Szalvétor fõherceg
* Jenö Pataky as Koltay Gyuri / Koltay Ferenc ezredes,Gyuri apja
* Gyula Benkö as Böszörményi Pista
* Zoltán Makláry as Kapitány János
* József Juhász as Õrmester
* Ernö Mihályi as Ezredorvos
* György Solthy as Morvay ezredes
* Tibor Puskás as Havlicska Vencel
* Sándor Naszódy as Ajtay akadémikus
* István Lontay as Gáspár százados
* István Falussy as Alezredes, a herceg kísérõje a lánynevelõ intézet ünnepségén
* Károly Hajagos as Rendõr
* Erzsike Hajdu as Kislány a leánynevelö intézet ünnepségén
* József Medgyessy as Statiszta a leánynevelõ intézet ünnepségén
* Erzsébet Medgyesy as Horváth Annus dadája
* Erzsébet Nádudvary as Diáklány
* Gyula Terney as Kadét
# Mac Somhairle

The Gaelic surname Mac Somhairle means "son of Somhairle". The personal name Somhairle is a Gaelicised form of the Old Norse Sumarliðr and Sumarliði. The Old Norse Sumarliðr is composed of the elements sumar ("summer") and liðr ("seafarer"). As such, Sumarliðr and Sumarliði can be taken to mean "summer warrior", "summer seafarer". Anglicised forms of Mac Somhairle include: MacSorley, McSorley, Sorley, and Sorlie. Many settled in Ulster, hired as Gallowglass for Gaelic Kingdoms.
Forms of the surname have been borne by several families of note. For example, one such family was Clann Somhairle, descended from Somhairle mac Giolla Brighde (died 1164); another was a family closely related to the Lamonts and descended from a late thirteenth-century eponym; another was a sept of the MacDonalds and Camerons, descended from an armiger of Eóin Mac Domhnaill II, Lord of the Isles (died 1503); the name was also borne by a branch of the MacDonalds settled in Ireland.

## People

* Mac Somhairle (died 1247), Norse-Gaelic warlord active in Ireland, probably identical to Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill (died 1247?)
* Aonghus mac Somhairle (died 1210), representative of Clann Somhairle
* Dubhghall mac Ruaidhrí (died 1268), King of Argyll and the Isles, also known as Dubhgall Mac Somhairle and Mac Sumarlaide
* Dubhghall mac Somhairle (died 1175×), King of the Isles
* Raghnall mac Somhairle (died 1191/1192 – c.1210/1227), King of the Isles

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Hanks; Coates; McClure (2016b) p. 1807.
* ↑ Hanks; Coates; McClure (2016b) p. 1807; Hanks; Hardcastle; Hodges (2006) pp. 356, 409; Reaney; Wilson (1995) p. 434.
* ↑ Reaney; Wilson (1995) p. 434; Black, GF (1971) p. 736.
* ↑ Hanks; Coates; McClure (2016a) p. xxvi; Hanks; Coates; McClure (2016c) p. 2490.
* ↑ Hanks; Coates; McClure (2016c) p. 2490.
* ↑ Bell (1988) p. 182.
* 1 2 Hanks; Coates; McClure (2016c) p. 2493.
* ↑ Broun (2005) p. 95; Sellar (2000) p. 199.
* ↑ Black, R (2012); Broun (2005) p. 95; Bell (1988) pp. 117, 182; Black, GF (1971) pp. 564, 737.
* ↑ Black, R (2012).
* ↑ MacLysaght (1996) p. 194; Bell (1988) pp. 28, 182; Black, GF (1971) p. 564.
* ↑ Bell (1988) p. 182; Black, GF (1971) p. 564.
* ↑ MacLysaght (1996) p. 194; McCusker (1982) p. 457; Bell (1988) p. 182.
# Machinda

Machinda is a town in Equatorial Guinea. It is located in the province of Litoral and has a (2005 est.) population of 2,897.
The average elevation of Machinda is 631 meters.
* This Equatorial Guinea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
1°53′N 9°58′E﻿ / ﻿1.883°N 9.967°E﻿ / 1.883; 9.967
# Calgary Islamic School

Calgary Islamic School, sometimes abbreviated as "CIS", is a school located in the north-east part of Calgary, Alberta. The school is attached to the Akram Jumu'a mosque (also known as the NE mosque), and teaches grades kindergarten through twelve, and has a daycare located within the school as well. There is also a Tahfeez, or memorization, program running within the school for those who wish to memorize the Qur'an, as well as complete their normal education. In addition to the academic curriculum, the school teaches Arabic, Qur'anic Studies, and Islamic Studies.
It was established in 1992.
# Maasai Mara conservancies

To the east and north of the Maasai Mara National Reserve, some of the former Maasai cattle-grazing areas have been converted into wildlife conservancies for tourism.
The conservancies include Enonkishu, Lemek, Mara Naboisho, Mara North, Nashulai, Olare Motorogi, Olarro North and Olarro South, Olchorro Oirowua, Ol Kinyei, Olderkesi, Oloisukut, Pardamat and Siana.
The conservancies came about when Maasai land owners with neighbouring land came together to agree that safari camp operators could use their land for tourism purposes, in return for either a percentage of profits or leasing fee.
While this varies between conservancies, in some instances the Maasai retain livestock grazing rights in . Due to this, it is fairly common to see cattle alongside wildlife in certain areas.

## Tourism

Most of the conservancies have only a few lodges with strict limitations on the number of tourist beds and number of safari vehicles permitted at wildlife sightings. Self-driving is not permitted in any of the conservancies. Activities include night drives, off-road driving and walking safaris - which are not permitted in the Maasai Mara National Reserve.

## Human-wildlife Conflict

There are reports of increasing tensions between the Maasai pastoralists and tourism operators, with cattle moving into areas where grazing had been prohibited. Growing distrust between the Maasai communities and conservancy management companies is due to allegation that the original owners are being left out of the decision-making process and not receiving their fair share of the profits.
# Macrobathra drosera

Macrobathra drosera is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1901. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
# Macrobathra eudesma

Macrobathra eudesma is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1900. It is found in Australia.
# Macarena Ripamonti

Macarena Carolina Ripamonti Serrano (born 11 July 1991) is a Chilean politician. She is the mayor of Viña del Mar.

## Political positions

She endorsed Gabriel Boric in the 2021 Chilean general election.
# Lynn D. Stewart (businessman)

Lynn "L.D." Stewart (born October 10, 1943) is an American businessman. In 1983, he and five associates opened the first Hooters, Inc. restaurant in Clearwater, Florida. The collective Hooters brand has since expanded to more than 430 stores worldwide.

## Early life

Born Lynn D. Stewart in Woodstock, Illinois, in 1943, Stewart gained early fame as an offensive guard playing for the 1963 Fighting Illini squad alongside center Dick Butkus, tackle Archie Sutton, and running back Jim Grabowski. The team defeated UCLA, Michigan, and fourth-ranked Michigan State during the regular season. The Fighting Illini squad then topped Washington 17–7 in the 1964 Rose Bowl.
Following college, Stewart served three years in the U.S. Army. Afterward he took a job working for an interstate construction company in Atlanta. He also worked for a time as a coal mine foreman in Chattanooga, Tennessee. When he realized that working in a mine was extremely hazardous, he moved his family from Chattanooga to Florida, where they had relatives. He and his wife Juanita have two sons.

## Business ventures
### Hooters

Stewart and five business associates opened the first Hooters in Clearwater, Florida, on April Fools' Day, April 1, 1983, as an inside joke because they were sure they would fail at the venture, even going so far as placing tombstones bearing the names of previous tenants who failed in that location outside the entrance of their new establishment. Stewart said of opening the first Hooters: "I had every intention of being broke in six months."
Nearly all of the restaurant's original recipes came from Stewart's test kitchen. Although critics of the Hooter's name and concept dubbed it the nation's first "breastaurant", the concept was a success, and the business started to turn a profit in just four months. The group rapidly expanded the business. In 1996, the Hooters chain generated more than $300 million in revenue. The chain has grown to over 425 restaurants in 44 states and 12 countries. Stewart owned a 51% majority stake of the business until he sold his shares in 1995 to a group led by Robert H. Brooks.

#### Tax evasion trial

The United States Federal Government and Internal Revenue Service filed charges against Stewart in 2005, claiming that he failed to report $11 million in income which he earned by selling his stock and ownership in Hooters Inc. Stewart was charged with two counts each of tax evasion and of filing false income-tax returns for the years 1997 and 1998. Stewart maintained that his personal assistant and financier, Mike Maricle, was to blame for any tax discrepancies. The trial ended after three weeks in a mistrial.

### Other enterprises

Before starting Hooter's, Stewart owned a general contracting company called L.D. Stewart Enterprises. He also served as director of Pearly's Oasis. Both firms were based in St. Petersburg, Florida.
# St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Middlesboro, Kentucky)

The St. Mary's Episcopal Church in Middlesboro, Kentucky is a historic church located at 131 Edgewood Road. It was built in 1880 and opened for services in February 1881. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
It is a wooden church which somehow escaped fires that destroyed most wooden churches of its era. It has a cross-shape within a 60 by 20 feet (18.3 m × 6.1 m) plan.
Its NRHP nomination asserts:
   Saint Mary's Episcopal Church should be included on the National Register for two reasons. First, the church served as the religious home for wealthy British investors who worked to exploit the resources of the area in a large scale venture at the close of the 19th Century. Secondly, the church survives as one of the finest examples in Southeastern Kentucky of gothic revival architecture.
# Solomon Islands National Council of Women

Solomon Islands National Council of Women is a non-governmental women's organisation based in Honiara, in the Solomon Islands. It was founded in 1983
It has received funding from the Global Fund for Women

## Purpose

The Council was founded to represent women in the Solomon Islands, with a vision of "Women as Equal Partners in the Development of Solomon Islands". It encourages the participation of women in decision-making on the Islands.

## Objectives

The objectives of the organisation are as follows:
* Promote and coordinate activities for women throughout Solomon Islands;
* Act as a representative body for women to the Solomon Islands Government (SIG) and other entities;
* Advise the SIG on policies and issues of concern to women;
* Undertake awareness and advocacy on international relevant instruments;
* Provide a forum through which women can have a voice on issues affecting them;
* Encourage participation of women in decision making processes and bodies;
* Promote awareness at all levels women's concerns; and
* Promote formation of effective partnerships with other entities as appropriate.
The Council's guiding values are "leadership with inclusiveness, passion, wisdom, commitment, pro-activeness, ownership, transparency, competitiveness, trust, creativity and innovation"
# Youb

Youb is a town and commune in Saïda Province in north-western Algeria. Youb is 45 km west of the Saïda and has some 25,000 inhabitants. Its post code is 20008.

## History

The commune contains the prehistoric site of Timzighine, which is a scheduled monument in Algeria.
It bore the name Berthelot before independence and had the name Daoud after independence. It is a mainly agricultural region situated in a forested area. During the Algerian civil war in the 1990s, many inhabitants of the rural areas of the Saida region and even from Sidi-bel-abbès fled their villages to live in the commune of Youb and many of them have remained there without returning to their homes, although they have benefited from State aid to restart their agricultural activities. Part of the forest of Sidi Douma located in the commune was ravaged by a major fire in June 2005. Also most of citizens of this village own a farm in Ouled-Abdelkader called also “Laka” owned historically by Nasri origins.
# The Adventures of Greyfriars Bobby

The Adventures of Greyfriars Bobby is a family-based Scottish film released in the US in 2005 (as Greyfriars Bobby) and the UK in 2006, and directed by John Henderson. It is set in Edinburgh, Scotland, and tells the story of a Skye terrier called Bobby, who will not leave his master's grave after his death. The dog faces many perils because of this, and has to endure much in his struggle to be allowed to live his life. The film is loosely based on a real dog known as Greyfriars Bobby.

## Plot

John Gray, the local policeman, owns Bobby the Westie, but allows a shy boy called Ewan to befriend his dog. When Gray dies and is buried in the Greyfriars Kirkyard, the dog will not leave the grave, despite his fondness for Ewan. The Greyfriars gravedigger, James Brown, takes a liking to Bobby, and gives him food and protection. However, the passing of a new dog law in Scotland threatens Bobby's very existence, and Ewan must do everything in his power to save his canine friend, even when it involves the Lord Provost of Edinburgh.

## Cast

* James Cosmo as James Brown, gravedigger
* Oliver Golding as Ewan Adams
* Gina McKee as Maureen Gray
* Sean Pertwee as Duncan Smithie
* Christie Mitchell as Mary McPherson
* Greg Wise as Minister Lee
* Thomas Lockyer as John Gray
* Christopher Lee as The Lord Provost
* Ronald Pickup as Cecil Johnson
* Ian Richardson as The Judge
* Ardal O'Hanlon as Coconut Tam
* Kirsty Mitchell as Ada Adams

## Production

Greyfriars Bobby was played by a West Highland White Terrier, when the original dog was in fact a Skye Terrier. This casting caused protests from the Skye Terrier breed club, who complained about filmmakers using an incorrect dog breed. Christopher Figg, the producer, said that a Westie was used "because its white coat would stand out in the dark and because its eyes would not be hidden from the camera by a fringe." During the early stages of planning for this film in 2003, Scottish Screen, the national development agency for the Scottish screen industries, had run a lottery worth £500,000, but withdrew the funding for the film, and it was almost made in Luxembourg instead of Scotland. While Bakehouse Close, off the Royal Mile, was used for the exterior shots of John Gray's family home, the Edinburgh Castle scenes in this film were actually shot in Stirling Castle. There was much filming in and around the old town of Stirling as well as within the grounds of Stirling Castle doubling for old Edinburgh and Greyfriars Kirk Yard as seen in the film is in fact Stirling's Old Town Cemetery with the Church of The Holy Rood in the background.
# Manfred T. Reetz

Manfred Theodor Reetz (born 13 August 1943) is a German chemist and professor of organic chemistry, who served as director of the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research from 1991 until 2011. His research focuses on directed evolution, enzymes in organic chemistry, and stereoselective biocatalysis.

## Biography

Reetz was born in Hirschberg, Lower Silesia, in 1943 and immigrated to the US in 1952. After studying chemistry at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Michigan, he returned to Germany to obtain his Ph.D. under Ulrich Schöllkopf at the University of Göttingen. He subsequently worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Marburg where he completed his habilitation in 1978. After two years at the University of Bonn, he returned to Marburg as full professor in 1980. In 1991 he was appointed director of the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim, a position that he held until 2011.

## Honors and awards

Among the awards that Reetz has received are the Leibniz Prize (1989), the Nagoya Gold Medal Award of Organic Chemistry (2000), the RSC Centenary Prize (2002), the Karl Ziegler Prize [de] (2005), the Prelog Medal [de] (2006), the ACS Arthur C. Cope Award (2009), the Tetrahedron Prize (2011), the Otto Hahn Prize (2011), and the International Kyoto Conference on New Aspects of Organic Chemistry (IKCOC) Prize (2012). He was elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1997. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2005.

## Selected publications

* Reetz, Manfred (2016). Directed evolution of selective enzymes : catalysts for organic chemistry and biotechnology. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-31660-1. OCLC 958482460.
# 1934 Swiss public order referendum

A referendum on public order was held in Switzerland on 11 March 1934. Voters were asked whether they approved of a federal law on maintaining public order. The proposal was rejected by 53.8% of voters.

## Background

The referendum was an optional referendum, which only a majority of the vote, as opposed to the mandatory referendums, which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 419,399 | 46.2 |
| Against | 488,672 | 53.8 |
| Blank votes | 11,431 | – |
| Invalid votes | 2,682 | – |
| Total | 922,184 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,167,508 | 79.0 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||
# Lyman Cobb

Lyman Cobb (1800 – 1864) was the leading competitor of Noah Webster as an author of spelling books. Cobb's speller, A Just Standard for Pronouncing the English Language, was originally published in 1821 when the author was a young teacher in upstate New York. The book, issued by Spencer & Stockton of Ithaca, New York, lifted heavily from The Columbian Spelling-Book published by Daniel Crandall in Cooperstown, New York, in 1819. However, it was Cobb's book, not Crandall's, that became a success.
Cobb's book, revised and reprinted, sold about 4 million copies into the 1850s and was the chief competitor of Webster's very successful spelling book from about 1825 to 1845. With the notoriety gained from his speller, Cobb moved to New York City in the 1820s, continued to produce a variety of school textbooks and became a leading opponent of corporal punishment in schools. He died impoverished in 1864 in Colesburg, Pennsylvania, and lies in an unmarked grave.
# C-Lab

C-Lab or C-LAB may refer to:
* A software product of Emagic, a former company in Rellingen, Germany
* Taiwan Contemporary Culture Lab, a cultural center in Taipei, Taiwan
* Columbia Laboratory for Architectural Broadcasting, a research lab at Columbia University
* Colorado Education Work Lab, an association at Colorado Department of Higher Education
# 2010 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship

The 2010 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 110th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.
Ballygunner were the defending champions.
On 24 October 2010, De La Salle won the championship after a 3–13 to 1–11 defeat of Ballygunner in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 2008.