# PDM (cycling team)

PDM (UCI team code: PDM) was a Dutch professional cycling team from 1986 until the end of 1992. Gin-MG was co-sponsor in Spanish races and Cidona was co-sponsor in the 1991 Nissan Classic. The team was sponsored by Philips Dupont Magnetics, a joint venture between the electronics company, Philips, and the chemical company, DuPont. The team rode Concorde bicycles, manufactured in Italy, by several builders that were colour coordinated to the team jersey by Ultima.

## History

Roy Schuiten was team manager and Jan Gisbers directeur sportif in 1986. Gisbers took over as the team manager the following year and remained until 1992. He was joined by Piet van der Kruijs and Ferdi van den Haute. The team was owned by Manfred Krikke, of Veltec Rentmeester.
The team was successful in classics and had a rider second overall in the Tour de France in 1987 with Pedro Delgado and 1988 with Steven Rooks. It also had third place with Erik Breukink in 1990. It won the Tour team classification in 1988 and 1989. PDM rider Gert-Jan Theunisse was second in the 1988 Tour de France, battling former PDM teammate Pedro Delgado, when he tested positive for testosterone and received a 10-minute penalty.
The team dropped out of the 1991 Tour de France with reported food poisoning. Team members and team doctor Wim Sanders said in a TV documentary in 2008 that the cause was careless storage of Intralipid, a nutritional aid with which riders had been injected. The team continued one more year, after which the sponsor sold the team to Festina.

## Doping affair

In November 1997 Cyclingnews.com reported an inquiry in The Netherlands, which appeared to reveal doping in the PDM team. Wim Sanders, the doctor from 1990 to 1991, was the centre of the investigation, which was initiated when the general manager of the team, Manfred Krikke, called the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service to investigate. It was said Sanders supplied anabolic steroids and EPO to the team and was responsible for the intralipid affair of the 1991 Tour de France. According to Cyclingnews.com, 1990 was the height of the drug taking in the team and two riders stopped with heart problems; whether this refers to stopping professional cycling or performance-enhancing drugs was unclear. Gisbers denied knowledge of doping.

## Major results
### 1986

    Overall Vuelta a Andalucía, Steven Rooks
       Prologue, Steven Rooks
       Stage 2, Wim Arras
    Amstel Gold Race, Steven Rooks
    GP de Wallonie, Steven Rooks
    Stage 2 Tour de Suisse, Gerrie Knetemann
    Stage 12 Tour de France, Pedro Delgado
    Profronde van Oostvoorne, Gerrie Knetemann
    Stage 2a Volta a Catalunya, Wim Arras
    Memorial Fred De Bruyne, Wim Arras
    Munte Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Oss Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Overijse Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Loenhout Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

### 1987

    Netherlands National Cyclo-cross Championship, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Overall Superprestige Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Zillebeke Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Ronde van Limburg, Wim Arras
    Sprint classification Setmana Catalana de Ciclismo, Hans Daams
       Stages 1b & 3, Wim Arras
    Galder Criterium, Adri van der Poel
    Made Criterium, Wim Arras
    Stage 2 Tour de Suisse, Steven Rooks
    Humbeek Road Race, Marc Dierickx
    Netherlands National Road Race Championship, Adri van der Poel
    Switzerland National Road Race Championship, Jörg Müller
    Stage 9 Tour de France, Adri van der Poel
    Stage 19 Tour de France, Pedro Delgado
    Boxmeer Criterium, Adri van der Poel
    Profronde van Stiphout, Pedro Delgado
    Noordwijk aan Zee Derny, Adri van der Poel
    GP du canton d'Argovie, Adri van der Poel
    Heusden Individueel, Henri Manders
    Profronde van Maastricht, Wim Arras
    Dongen Criterium, Peter Stevenhaagen
    Anderlues Criterium, Gerrie Knetemann
    Wetteren Derny, Peter Hoondert
    GP de Fourmies, Adri van der Poel
    Stage 6 Volta a Catalunya, Jörg Müller
    Paris–Brussels, Wim Arras
    Paris–Tours, Adri van der Poel
    Giro del Piemonte, Adri van der Poel
    Oss Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Valkenswaard Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Loenhout Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

### 1988

    Netherlands National Cyclo-cross Championship, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Overijse Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Stage 5 Vuelta a Andalucía, Adri van der Poel
    Overall Étoile de Bessèges, Adri van der Poel
    Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Adri van der Poel
    Apeldoorn Criterium, Steven Rooks
    Mountains classification Tour de France, Steven Rooks
       Stage 12, Steven Rooks
       Stage 16, Adri van der Poel
    Boxmeer Criterium, Gert-Jan Theunisse
    Draai van de Kaai, Steven Rooks
    Mijl van Mares, Adri van der Poel
    Stage 1 Deurne, Steven Rooks
    Clásica de San Sebastián, Gert-Jan Theunisse
    Regenboogkoers, Gert-Jan Theunisse
    Kampioenschap van Zürich, Steven Rooks
    Trio Normand, Vincent Barteau
    Saint-Pierre Criterium, Adri van der Poel
    Oss Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder

### 1989

    Overall Superprestige Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Zillebeke Cyclo-cross, Hennie Stamsnijder
    Stage 1 Vuelta a Murcia, Johannes Draaijer
    Overall Tour du Vaucluse, Steven Rooks
    Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Sean Kelly
    Tom Simpson Memorial Grand Prix, Martin Earley
    Stage 4 Tour de Trump, Gert-Jan Theunisse
    Overall Vuelta a Asturias, Gert-Jan Theunisse
       Points classification, Gert-Jan Theunisse
       Stage 6a, Gert-Jan Theunisse
       Stage 6b, John Vos
    Hansweert Criterium, Peter Hoondert
    Points classification Tour de France, Sean Kelly
       Mountains classification, Gert-Jan Theunisse
       Teams classification
       Stage 3, Raúl Alcalá
       Stage 8, Martin Earley
       Stage 15, Steven Rooks
       Stage 17, Gert-Jan Theunisse
    Ronse, Sean Kelly
    Wateringen, Marc Van Orsouw
    Maarheeze, Steven Rooks
    Montréal, Jörg Müller
    Stage 2b (TTT) Volta a Catalunya
    Mountains classification Tour of Ireland, Sean Kelly
       Teams classification
    UCI Road World Cup, Sean Kelly

### 1990

    Stage 5 Étoile de Bessèges, John Van Den Akker
    Combination classification Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana, John Vos
       Stage 4, Uwe Raab
    Stage 5 Vuelta a Murcia, John Van Den Akker
    Grote Prijs Berloz, Uwe Raab
    Sprint classification Vuelta a España, Uwe Raab
       Stage 8, Atle Pedersen
       Stages 10, 16 & 22, Uwe Raab
    Bavel Criterium, Jos Van Aert
    Purnode Criterium, Dirk De Wolf
    Overall Tour de Suisse, Sean Kelly
       Stage 4, Sean Kelly
       Stage 5, Erik Breukink
       Stage 10, Uwe Ampler
    Stage 7 Tour de France, Raúl Alcalá
    Mosselkoers–Houtem–Vilvoorde Ind., Nico Verhoeven
    Stages 12 & 20 Tour de France, Erik Breukink
    Profronde van Wateringen, Erik Breukink
    Draai van de Kaai, Erik Breukink
    UCI Road World Championships, Rudy Dhaenens
    Tongeren Criterium, Rudy Dhaenens
    Stage 7a Volta a Catalunya, Erik Breukink
    Grand Prix de la Libération (TTT)
    Aalsmeer Criterium, Gert Jakobs
    Beernem Criterium, Rudy Dhaenens
    Overall Tour of Ireland, Erik Breukink
       Stage 2a, Erik Breukink
    Oostrozebeke Criterium, Rudy Dhaenens
    1990 UCI Road World Cup Finale, Erik Breukink
    Stages 1 & 2 Vuelta y Ruta de Mexico, Nico Verhoeven

### 1991

    Stage 5 Paris–Nice, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Stages 3, 5a & 6 Vuelta a Aragón, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Stage 5b Vuelta a Aragón, Uwe Raab
    Stage 5 Vuelta a España, Uwe Raab
    Points classification Vuelta a España, Uwe Raab
       Stages 6, 9, 13 & 21, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Overall Tour DuPont, Erik Breukink
       Prolgoue & Stage 11, Erik Breukink
    Stage 1 Critérium du Dauphiné, John Talen
    Stage 1a Vuelta a los Valles Mineros, John Talen
    Stage 4 Vuelta a los Valles Mineros, Harald Maier
    Germany National Road Race Championship, Falk Boden
    Stage 7 Tour de France, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Profronde van Stiphout, Erik Breukink
    Mijl van Mares, Nico Verhoeven
    Giro di Lombardia, Sean Kelly
    Lieshout Cyclo-cross, Martin Hendriks
    Loenhout Cyclo-cross, Nico Verhoeven

### 1992

    Stage 8 Tour Méditerranéen, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Omloop der Vlaamse Ardennen, Nico Verhoeven
    Stage 1 Vuelta a Murcia, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Stage 3 Vuelta a Murcia, Nico Verhoeven
    Stage 5 Vuelta a Aragón, Danny Nelissen
    Stages 3 & 5 Vuelta a España, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Stage 7 Vuelta a España, Erik Breukink
    Stage 16 Vuelta a España, Tom Cordes
    GP de Wallonie, Danny Nelissen
    Ronde van Limburg, Jans Koerts
    Stage 1a Vuelta a los Valles Mineros, Uwe Raab
    Kelmis–Ostbelgien-rundfahrt, Nico Verhoeven
    Stage 10 Tour de France, Jean-Paul van Poppel
    Profronde van Wateringen, Erik Breukink
    Clásica de San Sebastián, Raúl Alcalá
    Profronde van Surhuisterveen, Gert Jakobs
    Melsele Road Race, John Talen
    Giro del Piemonte, Erik Breukink

## Team riders

| 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 |
| David Akam (GBR) | Adri van der Poel (NED) | Adri van der Poel (NED) | Raúl Alcalá (MEX) | Raúl Alcalá (MEX) | Raúl Alcalá (MEX) | Raúl Alcalá (MEX) |
| Wim Arras (BEL) | Wim Arras (BEL) | Wim Arras (BEL) | Martin Earley (IRE) | Martin Earley (IRE) | Martin Earley (IRE) | Martin Earley (IRE) |
| Mariano Magdaleno (ESP) | José Martínez (ESP) | Vincent Barteau (FRA) | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Mario Kummer (GER) |
| René Beuker (NED) | René Beuker (NED) | Johannes Draaijer (NED) | Johannes Draaijer (NED) | Johannes Draaijer (NED) | Tom Cordes (NED) | Tom Cordes (NED) |
| Henk Boeve (NED) | Henk Boeve (NED) | Andy Bishop (USA) | Andy Bishop (USA) | Erik Breukink (NED) | Erik Breukink (NED) | Erik Breukink (NED) |
| Jonathan Boyer (USA) | Gert-Jan Theunisse (NED) | Gert-Jan Theunisse (NED) | Gert-Jan Theunisse (NED) | Uwe Ampler (GER) | Falk Boden (GER) | Falk Boden (GER) |
| Pedro Delgado (ESP) | Pedro Delgado (ESP) | Greg LeMond (USA) | Nico Verhoeven (NED) | Nico Verhoeven (NED) | Nico Verhoeven (NED) | Nico Verhoeven (NED) |
| Peter Hoondert (NED) | Peter Hoondert (NED) | Peter Hoondert (NED) | Peter Hoondert (NED) | Peter Hoondert (NED) | Thomas Dürst (GER) | Thomas Dürst (GER) |
| Gerrie Knetemann (NED) | Gerrie Knetemann (NED) | Gerrie Knetemann (NED) | Gerrie Knetemann (NED) | Maarten den Bakker (NED) | Maarten den Bakker (NED) | Maarten den Bakker (NED) |
| Hans Langerijs (NED) | Hans Daams (NED) | Hans Daams (NED) | Hans Daams (NED) | Uwe Raab (GER) | Uwe Raab (GER) | Uwe Raab (GER) |
| Stefan Mutter (SUI) | Stefan Mutter (SUI) | Stefan Mutter (SUI) | John Van den Akker (NED) | John Van den Akker (NED) | John Van den Akker (NED) | John Van den Akker (NED) |
| Steven Rooks (NED) | Steven Rooks (NED) | Steven Rooks (NED) | Steven Rooks (NED) | Gerhard Zadrobilek (AUT) | Andreas Walzer (GER) | Andreas Walzer (GER) |
| Jan Siemons (NED) | Jan Siemons (NED) | Rudy Dhaenens (BEL) | Rudy Dhaenens (BEL) | Rudy Dhaenens (BEL) | Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED) | Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED) |
| Hennie Stamsnijder (NED) | Hennie Stamsnijder (NED) | Hennie Stamsnijder (NED) | Hennie Stamsnijder (NED) | Harald Maier (AUT) | Harald Maier (AUT) | Harald Maier (AUT) |
| Peter Stevenhaagen (NED) | Peter Stevenhaagen (NED) | Peter Stevenhaagen (NED) | John Vos (NED) | John Vos (NED) | John Vos (NED) | John Vos (NED) |
| Fritz Van Bindsbergen (NED) | Henri Manders (NED) | Frank Kersten (NED) | Frank Kersten (NED) | Frank Kersten (NED) | Martin Hendriks (NED) | Martin Hendriks (NED) |
| Marc Van Orsouw (NED) | Marc Van Orsouw (NED) | Marc Van Orsouw (NED) | Marc Van Orsouw (NED) | Marc Van Orsouw (NED) | Jans Koerts (NED) | Jans Koerts (NED) |
| Jan Van Wijk (NED) | Jörg Müller (SUI) | Jörg Müller (SUI) | Jörg Müller (SUI) | Danny Nelissen (NED) | Danny Nelissen (NED) | Danny Nelissen (NED) |
| Gerard Veldscholten (NED) | Gerard Veldscholten (NED) | Atle Pedersen (NOR) | Atle Pedersen (NOR) | Atle Pedersen (NOR) | John Talen (NED) | John Talen (NED) |
| 19 Riders | Marc Dierickx (BEL) | Marc Dierickx (BEL) | Dag Erik Pedersen (NOR) | Dirk De Wolf (BEL) | Peter Van Petegem (BEL) | Peter Van Petegem (BEL) |
| | 20 Riders | Dag Erik Pedersen (NOR) | 20 Riders | Gert Jakobs (NED) | Gert Jakobs (NED) | Gert Jakobs (NED) |
| | | 21 Riders | | Jos van Aert (NED) | Jos van Aert (NED) | Jos van Aert (NED) |
| | | | | 22 Riders | 22 Riders | Kai Hundertmarck (GER) |
| | | | | | | 23 Riders |