OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marino Caracciolo

Marino Caracciolo (1468 – 28 January 1538) was a Neapolitan cardinal and diplomat in the service of Emperor Charles V.

## Life

Born in Naples into one of the most important families in the Kingdom of Naples; his father, Domizio, was governor of Calabria. Marino spent his youth and was educated under the tutelage of Cardinal Ascanio Sforza at the court of Milan. In 1505, Caracciolo was created by Pope Julius II, commendatory abbot of S. Maria di Teneto, in Reggio Emilia.
Ambassador of Duke Massimiliano Sforza to the Papal court in 1513 he was created an Apostolic Protonotary in 1515; in the same year he took part as orator of the Duke of Milan to the V Lateran Council.
In 1518 he was appointed Papal nuncio to Spain and in 1519 nuncio before the Diet of Augsburg. After the election of Emperor Charles V he was appointed nuncio to the new emperor, and traveled to Ghent in August 1520. At the Diet of Worms in 1520 he worked with Cardinal Girolamo Aleandro in opposition to the supporters of Martin Luther. In May 1521, he left Worms to follow the emperor to Flanders. In November the Imperial court moved to Spain. Pope Adrian VI confirmed Caracciolo's position as nuncio.C. arrived in Venice In 16 June 1523 he was sent to Venice to persuade and conducted the negotiations with skill and with a happy outcome which led the Signoria to denounce an alliance with France.
With the death of Pope Adrian in September 1523, Caracciolo began to represent the Emperor's interests to Rome. In the same year he was enfeoffed with large estates in the Duchy of Milan (County of Vespolate 1524–1530, exchanged for County of Gallarate 1530). In 1524 he was created Bishop of Catania, but left the administration to his brother Scipione, as Charles V to the position of imperial orator to the Duke of Milan Francesco II Sforza. During the Lombardy campaign of 1524, he maintained contacts between Francesco Sforza and the leaders of the imperial army, the viceroy of Naples Carlo di Lannoy and Fernando d'Ávalos, the marquis of Pescara, intervening often in defense of the civilian population.
In July 1533 Caracciolo was sent by Charles V to take possession of the marquisate of Monferrato, the fate of which the emperor had submitted to his own arbitration after the extinction of the Paleologi dynasty and the rise of the claims of the Savoys and of the Gonzagas; subsequently he was designated among the arbiters of that dispute, which was finally resolved in favor of the Duke of Mantua.
He was created a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church by Pope Paul III on 21 May 1535, but his name was not announced publicly (it was held in pectore by the Pope). He was welcomed at the Papal Court and received his red hat on 12 November 1535, and on 15 November given the gold ring and granted the title of Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Aquiro.
In 1536 he was appointed by Charles V Governor of Milan but he only held power on civil and economic matters, the military power being given to Alfonso d'Avalos.
He died in Milan on 27 January 1538 and is buried in the Duomo of Milan; his funeral monument is attributed to Agostino Busti, known as Bambaia.
# Mario Tomić

Mario Tomić may refer to:
* Mario Tomić (musician) (born 1987), Croatian music composer
* Mario Tomić (handballer) (born 1988), Croatian handball player
# Kirktonecta

Kirktonecta is an extinct genus of microsaur known from the Carboniferous of West Lothian, Scotland.

## Discovery

Kirktonecta is known from the holotype specimen UMZC 2002, a and b, an almost complete skeleton including the skull, and preserved evidence for soft tissues, in part (slab a) and counterpart (slab b). The holotype was collected in the East Kirkton Quarry, near Bathgate of West Lothian, from "Bed 82" East Kirkton Limestone of the Bathgate Hills Volcanic Formation, dating to the Brigantian substage, of the late Viséan stage, of the Dinantian series (Early Carboniferous), about 333–328.3 million years ago. It represents the first microsaur to be discovered in the United Kingdom and the earliest occurrence of a microsaur in the fossil record. The next oldest being Utaherpeton and an unnamed taxon from the Chesterian of Goreville, Illinois.

## Description

Kirktonecta is diagnosed by the following autapomorphies: "deep tail, comprised of long, posteriorly directed, round-ended haemal spines in contact along their anterior and posterior margins distally, combined with low rounded neural spines; large pes, with tarsus breadth equivalent to the length of 3.5 or 4 presacral vertebrae." Jennifer A. Clack, who named this genus, found it to be most closely related to basal microsaurs, such as Asaphestera, Saxonerpeton, Hyloplesion and Llistrofus.

## Etymology

Kirktonecta was first named by Jennifer A. Clack in 2011 and the type species is Kirktonecta milnerae. The generic name is derived from the name of the East Kirkton Quarry, where the holotype was found, and Greek necta, "swimmer". The specific name honours the paleontologist Angela C. Milner.
# Mersbach

Mersbach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Vilicher Bach near Bonn-Niederholtorf.
# Sé (Porto)

Sé (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a former civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória. The population in 2011 was 3,460, in an area of 0.49 km².
Sé is one of the four districts within the UNESCO World Heritage Classified Zone of Porto, the others being São Nicolau, Vitória, and Miragaia.
Local landmarks include Porto Cathedral (which gave the name to the parish), Church of Santa Clara, several chapels and episcopal buildings. It is also the location of the major São Bento train station.

## Gallery

* Porto Cathedral
* Hall of the São Bento station
# John Carruthers

John Carruthers may refer to:
* John Carruthers (politician) (1863–1949), member of the Canadian House of Commons
* John Carruthers (engineer) (1836–1914), New Zealand engineer and economic theorist
* John Carruthers (cricketer) (born 1970), English cricketer
* John Carruthers (footballer) (1900–1959), English footballer
* John Carruthers (surveyor) (1847–1942), pioneer of South Australia
* John Valentine Carruthers (born 1958), English musician, guitarist and composer
* John Franklin Bruce Carruthers (1889–1960), American minister
# Tarkki

Tarkki is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Iiro Tarkki (born 1985), Finnish ice hockey goaltender
* Saija Tarkki (born 1982), Finnish ice hockey player
* Tuomas Tarkki (born 1980), Finnish ice hockey goaltender
# Mary Plummer

Mary Elizabeth Plummer (18 March 1849 – 13 September 1922) was an American-born pupil of and later the wife of Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France during Third Republic. Plummer was a native of Springfield, Massachusetts. Clemenceau arrived in the United States in 1865 after fleeing France due to involvement in radical political activism during the regime of Napoleon III. He eventually taught at a girls school in Stamford, Connecticut, which Plummer attended. The two wed in 1869 and moved to France a year later. Together they had three children. Plummer and Clemenceau separated in 1876 and divorced in 1891.
Though Clemenceau had many mistresses, when his wife took as her lover a tutor of their children, he had her put in jail for two weeks and sent her back to the United States on a steamer in third class. He divorced her, obtained custody of their children and had her stripped of her French nationality.
# Mahaldar

Mahaldars of Bengal in the Mughal Empire were the chief officers of the imperial harem. Chosen from the ranks of the darogha administrators of the zenana, the mahaldar was responsible for maintaining order in this large community of women. Niccolao Manucci writes that "the way in which these kings are waited on deserves mention. For just as the king has his officers outside, he has the same among the fair sex within the Mahal".

## Duties

Already having been honored by selection for duties within the women's quarters, a mahaldar was exalted above the others for her special services to the emperor. These special services included the management of the other ranking administrators, and reporting conflicts and intrigues from the zenana directly to the Emperor. In that way, she served as a kind of spy on behalf of the Emperor. She was also given the task of reading out daily reports from the public and secret news court writers to the emperor.

## The emperor's spy

Often, princes in the royal entourage would avoid the mahaldar, or have ongoing conflicts with her, fearing her reports. One example of this is Hamida Banu, mahaldar in the mahal of Mohammad Muazzam, who complained to the Emperor, Aurangzeb that his son was undermining her authority by confiscating her pen-case and memorandum-book, when he retired to his room with his women. Court custom dictated that she and her deputy could not follow him into the room to retrieve her items during this business. This kept her from documenting whatever he was doing, and prevented her from reporting to the Emperor. Aurangzeb ordered her to keep her pen-case away from the reach of the prince at all times.
In another instance, Nur-un-Nisa, mahaldar to the prince Muhammad Azam, was prohibited from joining the prince on his visits to the garden at Ahmedabad. In response, she sent a letter to his Nazir, forbidding the prince from leaving. Muhammad Azam retaliated by banishing her from his presence. The chief eunuch then alerted the emperor to the situation, and Aurangzeb supported the mahaldar and nazir. His son was forced to beg for forgiveness, and paid a fine of 50,000 Rupees.

## Notable Mahaldars

During Jahangir's reign this post was held by a certain lady named Dilaram, who had nursed Empress Nur Jahan in her childhood. Previously this post was held by Haji Koka. In Shah Jahan's reign, this post was held by Sati-un-Nisa Khanum.
# Kizer

Kizer is a Jewish surname from the Netherlands and Ukraine. The surname is derived from the inhabitants of the village of Kizia, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carolyn Kizer (1925–2014), American poet
* DeShone Kizer (born 1996), American football player
* Kenneth Kizer, American businessman
* Lynetta Kizer (born 1990), American basketball player
* Noble Kizer (1900–1940), American football and basketball player
* Rayshaun Kizer (born 1985), American football player
# 2017 hurricane season

2017 hurricane season may refer to:
* 2017 Atlantic hurricane season
* 2017 Pacific hurricane season
# Mary Plain

Mary Plain is a fictional bear character in British children's literature who figures in a series of novels based on her adventures. The character was created by the Welsh author Gwynedd Rae and first appeared in the book Mostly Mary in 1930. The last original book, Mary Plain's Whodunnit, was published in 1965. The books were reissued as paperbacks in the 1970s, and new editions of Mostly Mary and All Mary were published in the 1990s. In 2017, further editions of four of the books were issued by Egmont.

## Characters and story

Mary Plain and her bear family feature in the stories, but the main characters are Mary and her human friend, the Owl Man. (The name refers to his spectacles.) He is kind and indulgent to Mary. He often takes her on outings. Mary and her friends can speak, but although anthropomorphic in that respect and in other aspects of their behaviour, the author is careful to point out that she is not a teddy bear. Similarly, although Mary learns to write (in rebuses) she does not wear clothes. Mary and her family live in the Bear Pits at Bern, in Switzerland.
Mary's behaviour is much like that of a small child, with the Owl Man acting as a surrogate parent, guiding her through life and helping her out of trouble.

## Style

The books are written in chapter form, with illustrations throughout and on the cover (front cover on original editions, front and back on paperback editions). The cover illustrations were updated in the 1970s and the references in some books were updated to change the currency to decimal coinage and to feature a Blue Peter presenter John Noakes instead of the older Uncle Mac from Children's Hour.

## Illustrators

The original illustrator for Mostly Mary and All Mary was Harry Rountree. From the third book onward, and in subsequent editions of the first two books, the illustrations were by Irene Williamson. New illustrations by Janina Ede were commissioned for the Knight Books reprints in the late 1960s and 1970s; the Egmont Press editions have illustrations by Clara Vulliamy.

## Radio and television adaptations

Mary Plain stories were read on the BBC Radio Children's Hour in the 1930s and have featured on the long-running BBC Television series Jackanory in 1969 with actor Richard Wattis reading the books.

## Books

* 1930: Mostly Mary
* 1931: All Mary
* 1935: Mary Plain in Town
* 1937: Mary Plain on Holiday
* 1940: Mary Plain in Trouble
* 1942: Mary Plain in War-Time
* 1944: Mary Plain's Big Adventure
* 1949: Mary Plain Home Again
* 1950: Mary Plain to the Rescue
* 1952: Mary Plain and the Twins
* 1954: Mary Plain Goes Bob-a-Jobbing
* 1957: Mary Plain Goes to America
* 1961: Mary Plain, V.I.P.
* 1965: Mary Plain's "Whodunit"
# 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group G

Group G of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament was one of the twelve groups to decide the teams which qualified for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations finals tournament. The group consisted of four teams: DR Congo, Congo, Zimbabwe, and Liberia.
The teams played against each other in home-and-away round-robin format between June 2017 and March 2019.
Zimbabwe and DR Congo, the group winners and runners-up respectively, qualified for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | | | | |
| 1 | Zimbabwe | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 4 | +5 | 11 | Final tournament | — | 1–1 | 3–0 | 2–0 |
| 2 | DR Congo | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 6 | +2 | 9 | Final tournament | 1–2 | — | 1–0 | 3–1 |
| 3 | Liberia | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 | −4 | 7 | | 1–0 | 1–1 | — | 2–1 |
| 4 | Congo | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 10 | −3 | 5 | | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 | — |

## Goalscorers

There were 29 goals scored in 12 matches, for an average of 2.42 goals per match.
5 goals
* Knowledge Musona
3 goals
* Thievy Bifouma
* Cédric Bakambu
* William Jebor
* Khama Billiat
2 goals
* Prince Ibara
1 goal
* Merveil Ndockyt
* Prince Oniangué
* Yannick Bolasie
* Kabongo Kasongo
* Chancel Mbemba
* Elia Meschak
* Teah Dennis Jr.
* Sam Johnson
* Ronald Pfumbidzai
1 own goal
* Teenage Hadebe (against DR Congo)
# Charles Eisenmann (jurist)

Charles Eisenmann (20 September 1903 – 4 October 1980) was a French jurist of Legal positivism.
He is mainly known for having introduced the thought of Hans Kelsen in France and his contribution to the Legal positivism.

## Biography

Having obtained his thesis, he was lecturer University of Caen. After the Agrégation in public law he became professor at University of Strasbourg in place of Carré de Malberg, them at University of Paris and finally Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University after May 68 crisis.
His legal theory work focuses on Kelsen and positivism: he opposed great jurists of his time such as Hauriou or Duguit. His doctrine has greatly influenced the constitutional development of the French Fifth Republic.
# Mary Cranston Mason

Mary Cranston Mason (1846–1932) was a Scottish hotelier, social reformer, and temperance leader. She served as President of the Ladies' Auxiliary of the Scottish Permissive Bill and Temperance Association and was a prominent member of the Glasgow school board, where she assured that temperance lessons were included in the curriculum. At the same time, Mason also managed Cranston's Waverley Temperance Hotel in Glasgow.

## Early life

Mary Cranston was born in Edinburgh on 22 April 1846. She was a daughter of Bailie Robert Cranston (1815–1892), of Edinburgh, who was one of the temperance pioneers of Scotland, and his first wife, Elizabeth Dalgleish. Robert's cousin, George Cranston, was the father of Kate Cranston, a leading figure in the development of tea rooms in Scotland. Sir Robert Cranston, who served as Lord provost of Edinburgh, was Mary's brother.

## Career

On 12 June 1872 she married George Mason, a Glasgow merchant. In that city, she managed "Cranston's Waverley Temperance Hotel".
Born in the atmosphere of total abstinence and of organized opposition to the liquor traffic, Mason came by inheritance into those convictions and activities which led the Scottish women into a concerted temperance movement. She was a co-founder of the Ladies' Auxiliary of the Scottish Permissive Bill and Temperance Association. After serving in different capacities, she became president of that organization in 1903. Under the auspices of the Auxiliary, social meetings were held in the schools every winter that included instructive programs regarding the ill-effects of alcohol use. With Mason at its head, the Auxiliary took an active part in all the local and national movements by which Scotland participated in temperance reform.
For a still longer period, she was a prominent member of the Glasgow school board, having supervision of the temperance lessons taught in every school within the board's authority. Mason served, too, on the Juvenile Delinquency Board.

## Death

Mary Cranston Mason died in 1932.
# Charles Fraser Beckingham

Charles Fraser Beckingham, FBA (Houghton, Huntingdonshire, 18 February 1914 – Lewes, East Sussex, 30 September 1998) was a professor of Islamic studies at Manchester University (1958–65) and London University (1965–81).

## Early life

Beckingham was born in Houghton, Huntingdonshire. His father was artist Arthur Beckingham. Beckingham read English at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he was a friend of Cyril Bibby. He worked for the Department of Printed Books in the British Museum from 1936 until 1946, interrupted by military and naval Intelligence service during World War II from 1942 until 1946. During that time he added to the Admiralty Handbook of Western Arabia.

## Academic career

He joined Manchester University as lecturer in Islamic history in 1951, becoming a professor of Islamic studies in 1958. In Cyprus he studied the history of the Turkish community. In 1965, Beckingham became a professor of Islamic studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (Soas), at London University and was head of the Department of the Near and Middle East from 1969 until 1972. He retired in 1981 and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1983.

### Other publications

He wrote Between Islam and Christendom (1983) from his lectures and articles, and collaborated with Edward Ullendorff on Hebrew letters of Prester John and in 1996 with Bernard Hamilton on Prester John, the Mongols and the Ten Lost Tribes. He finished Professor Sir Hamilton Gibb's translation and annotation of The Travels of Ibn Battuta – a project which had taken, as Beckingham noted, longer than the travels of Ibn Battuta himself.
# Charles Crommelin

Charles Crommelin (1717–1788) was a Governor of Bombay during the British Raj from 1760 to 1767.
Crommelin was born in Bombay, where his father, Marc Anthony Crommelin was a factor for the British East India Company. Charles first joined the staff of the East India Company in 1733.
# Charles II, Duke of Guelders

Charles II (9 November 1467 – 30 June 1538) was a member of the House of Egmond who ruled as Duke of Guelders and Count of Zutphen from 1492 until his death. He had a principal role in the Frisian peasant rebellion and the Guelders Wars.

## Life

Charles was the son of Adolf of Egmond and Catherine of Bourbon. He born either at Arnhem or at Grave, Netherlands, and raised at the Burgundian court of Charles the Bold, who had bought the duchy of Guelders from Adolf of Egmond in 1473. Charles fought in several battles against the armies of Charles VIII of France, until he was captured in the Battle of Béthune in 1487.
King Maximilian subsequently managed to acquire the Burgundian lands for the Habsburgs by marriage. In 1492, the citizens of Guelders, disenchanted with Maximilian's rule, ransomed Charles and recognized him as their Duke. As Duke his regent was his aunt Catherine. Charles was supported by the French King, but in 1505, Guelders was regained by King Maximilian's son Philip the Handsome. Charles had to accompany Philip to Spain to attend Philip's coronation as King of Castile but at Antwerp, Charles managed to escape. Shortly afterwards, Philip died in Spain and by July 1513 Charles had regained control over the whole of Guelders. In his conflict with the Habsburgs, Charles also became a major player behind the scenes of the Frisian peasant rebellion and at first financially supported the rebel leader Pier Gerlofs Donia. After the tides turned against the rebels, Charles stopped his support and switched sides together with his military commander Maarten van Rossum. In the Treaty of Gorinchem (1528), Emperor Charles, son of Philip the Handsome, proposed to recognize Charles of Egmond as Duke of Guelders under the condition that he would inherit the Duchy should the Duke die without issue. The Duke, who at the time did not have any children, delayed signing the treaty. Another battle ensued, after which the passage was removed from the treaty. In 1536 there was finally peace between Guelders and Burgundy with the Treaty of Grave.
Charles died at Arnhem, and is buried in the St. Eusebius Church there.

## Family

In 1519, Charles married young Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1494–1572). The marriage remained childless. Charles however fathered several illegitimate children.
His only legitimate (twin) sister, Philippa (1467–1547), survived him and died during the reign of her great-grandson, Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (1543–1608).
* Coat of Arms
* Tomb

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Charles II, Duke of Guelders :
Charles II, Duke of Guelders House of EgmondBorn: 9 November 1467 Died: 30 June 1538 :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byPhilip I | Duke of Guelders 1492–1538 | Succeeded byWilliam II |
# Charles II, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal

Charles II of Hesse-Philippsthal (22 May 1803 in Philippsthal – 12 February 1868 in Philippsthal) was a member of the House of Hesse and was Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1849 until 1866.

## Life

Charles was a son of Landgrave Ernest Constantine of Hesse-Philippsthal (1771–1849) from his marriage to Louise (1775–1808), daughter of Prince Charles Frederick of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
Charles succeeded his father as the Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal in 1849, after his older brother Ferdinand had died in 1839. Charles served as a Major General à la suite in the army of the Electorate of Hesse. After the War of 1866, Prussia annexed, among others, the Electorate of Hesse and Hesse-Philippsthal.

## Marriage and issue

Charles married on 9 October 1845 in Pokój with Marie (1818–1888), a daughter of Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857), with whom he had two children:
* Ernest (1846–1925), Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
* Charles (1853–1916)

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Charles II, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal :