OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bulbophyllum sect. Uncifera

Bulbophyllum sect. Uncifera is a section of the genus Bulbophyllum.

## Description

Species in this section is distinguished by several racemose flowers, the column and lip are fused.

## Distribution

Plants from this section are found in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and Australia.

## Species

Bulbophyllum section Uncifera comprises the following species:
| Name | Distribution | Elevation (m) |
| Bulbophyllum bigibbum Schltr. 1923 | New Guinea | 1,000–2,500 metres (3,300–8,200 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum cavibulbum J J Sm. 1929 | New Guinea | 3,200–3,260 metres (10,500–10,700 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum cylindrobulbum Schltr. 1905 | New Caledonia, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands | 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum exiguum F. Mueller 1860 | Australia | 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum gracilipes King & Pantl. 1896 | Sikkim and Darjeeling | 400–500 metres (1,300–1,600 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum hatusimanum Tuyama 1940 | Caroline, Palau | |
| Bulbophyllum laxum Schltr. 1905 | New Guinea | 200–1,400 metres (660–4,590 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum manobulbum Schltr. 1905 | New Guinea and the Solomon Islands | 500–1,800 metres (1,600–5,900 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum ochroleucum Schltr. 1905 | Papua New Guinea | 800–3,200 metres (2,600–10,500 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum posticum J.J.Sm.1911 | New Guinea | 800–2,500 metres (2,600–8,200 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum sarasinorum Schltr. 1925 | Sulawesi | |
# Afriberina

Afriberina is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

## Species

* Afriberina tenietaria (Staudinger, 1900)
* Afriberina terraria (A. Bang-Haas, 1907)
# Michael Freeman

Michael or Mike Freeman may refer to:
* Michael Freeman (surgeon) (1931–2017), British orthopaedic surgeon
* Mike Freeman (bobsleigh) (1937–2007), British Olympic bobsledder
* Mike Freeman (defensive back) (born 1944), American football defensive back
* Michael Freeman (photographer) (born 1945), British photographer and author
* Michael J. Freeman (born 1947), American inventor
* Michael O. Freeman (born 1948), Minnesota attorney and politician
* Mike Freeman (jazz musician) (born 1959), American vibraphonist and composer
* Michael Freeman (chess player) (born 1960), New Zealand chess player
* Mike Freeman (guard) (born 1961), American football player
* Mike Freeman (columnist), American sports columnist
* Mike Freeman (baseball) (born 1987), American baseball player
# Michael Freeman (surgeon)

Michael Alexander Reykers Freeman FRCS (1931 –14 September 2017), also known as Mike, was a British orthopaedic surgeon, responsible for developing several new techniques for joint rebuilding or replacement.
Freeman underwent his medical training at the London Hospital.
In 1968 he became Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at the London Hospital where he remained until his retirement in 1996, when he became an Honorary Consultant at the Royal Hospitals NHS Trust.
He was also a research fellow at Imperial College, from 1968 until 1979.
He jointly founded, with Alan Swanson, the Biomechanics Unit at Imperial College London.
He served as president of the International Hip Society from 1982 to 1985; of the British Hip Society from 1989 to 1991; and of the British Orthopaedic Association from 1992 to 1993.
He was the author of several significant books and papers on joint repair and replacement.
He died on 14 September 2017 at the age of 85.
# 22nd century BC

The 22nd century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC.

## Events

* 4.2-kiloyear event: A severe aridification event that probably lasts the entire 22nd century BC and causes the collapse of several Old World civilizations.
* 2217 BC–2193 BC: Nomadic invasions of the Mesopotamian city of Akkad.
* c. 2200 BC: Austronesians reach the Batanes Islands of the Philippine Archipelago as part of the Austronesian Expansion.
* c. 2218 BC: Ancient migrants from India reach Australia and mix with Indigenous Australians.
* c. 2184 BC: Possible date for the death of Pharaoh Pepi II Neferkare of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, the longest reigning monarch of history with 94 years on the throne.
* c. 2184 BC: Ephemeral rule of Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in Egypt.
* c. 2184–2181 BC: Reign of Netjerkare Siptah, last pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, who will later give rise to the legendary figure of Nitocris.
* c. 2181 BC: End of the Old Kingdom of Egypt and start of the First Intermediate Period, the doubtful Seventh Dynasty and the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt with Menkare (these periods may extend to c. 2160 BC or beyond). The fall of the Old Kingdom may have been caused by a conjunction of severe droughts, strong decentralization of the state and confusion following the extremely long reign of Pepi II.
* c. 2180 BC: Akkadian Empire falls under attack by the Guti (Mesopotamia), a mountain people from the northeast.
* c. 2160 BC: End of the reign of Pharaoh Neferirkare, last king of the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt. Beginning of the Ninth Dynasty, possibly after the overthrow of Neferirkare.
* c. 2160 BC: Beginning of Middle Minoan period in Crete.
* c. 2150 BC: City state of Lagash in Mesopotamia is established.
* c. 2150–2030 BC: The Epic of Gilgamesh is written in Mesopotamia in Akkadian.
* c. 2144 BC: Gudea, ruler (ensi) of Lagash, starts to reign.
* 2138 BC: A solar eclipse on 9 May and a lunar eclipse on 24 May occur and are believed to be the double eclipse that takes place 23 years after the ascension of king Shulgi of Babylon by those holding to the long chronology.
* c. 2125 BC–2055 BC: "Model of a house and garden, from Thebes", Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt.
* 2124 BC: Gudea, ruler (ensi) of Lagash, dies.
* c. 2120 BC: Votive statue of Gudea from Lagash (Iraq) is made.
* 2119 BC–2113 BC (middle chronology): Utu-hengal, first king of the third dynasty of Ur, also called the Neo-Sumerian Empire.
* 2116 BC–2110 BC: Uruk–Gutian war.
* 2112 BC–2095 BC: Sumerian campaigns of Ur-Nammu.
# 23436 Alekfursenko

23436 Alekfursenko (provisional designation 1982 UF$_8$) is a carbonaceous Hygiean asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 8.4 kilometers (5.2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 21 October 1982, by Russian–Ukrainian astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The likely C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.6 hours. It was named after Russian historian Aleksandr Fursenko.

## Orbit and classification

Alekfursenko is a member of the Hygiea family (601), a very large family of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids, named after the fourth-largest asteroid, 10 Hygiea. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,051 days; semi-major axis of 3.16 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc begins with its discovery observation in 1982, as neither precoveries nor prior identifications were obtained.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of Russian historian Aleksandr Fursenko (1927–2008), expert in topics such as international relations, U.S. history, and Russian foreign economic policy. He was also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 November 2007 (M.P.C. 61268).

## Physical characteristics
### Rotation period

In November 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Alekfursenko was obtained from photometric observations made by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.6277 hours with a brightness variation of 0.42 magnitude (U=2). A modeled lightcurve using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database and from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) was published in 2018. It gave a concurring sidereal period of 3.627672 hours, as well as a spin axis at (−1.0°, 54.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based WISE spacecraft, Alekfursenko measures 8.4 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.08, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 8.0 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.22.
# Meyer Oppenheim

Meyer Oppenheim (December 28, 1905 – May 24, 1982) was a financier and philanthropist in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was chairman of James Grant & Co and Argyle Securities.
The family lived in The White House in Barnton which was later owned by David Murray and then the writer J.K. Rowling.
Oppenheim bought the Royal Lyceum Theatre in 1960. He planned to demolish the building but later transferred ownership to the city in 1964.
He established the Meyer Oppenheim Trust and the Water of Leith Walkway Trust. A plague on the walkway commemorates his contribution.
He endowed the Royal Scottish Academy with an annual RSA Meyer Oppenheim Prize for work in any medium by an artist under the age of 35.
He is buried in Piershill Cemetery, Scotland.
# Michael Astaphan

Michael Anthony Astaphan is a politician from Dominica Freedom Party. He was the political leader of the party from 5 August 2007 to 2008, and again from 2012 to 2017.
He holds an undergraduate degree in chemical engineering from the University of New Brunswick, a master's degree in Management Engineering from the University of Connecticut in Bridgeport and a certificate in Planning, Public Administration and Project Management from the Hartford Institute of Public Administration. He led the Dominica Association of Industry and Commerce for a number of years.
# Michael Aspinall

Michael Aspinall (born 31 October 1939 in Stockport) is a British musicologist and singer. He lectures and writes on singers and singing, contributes to collections of essays, and provides many commentaries for liner notes of historical recordings.
Aspinall is well known for his opera parodies.
# 2nd Politburo

2nd Politburo may refer to:
* 2nd Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party
* 2nd Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba, 1980–1986
* 2nd Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, 1972–1982
* 2nd Politburo of the Workers' Party of Vietnam, 1951–1960
* 2nd Political Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, 1948–1956
# Michael Helding

Michael Helding (1506–30 September 1561) was a Roman Catholic bishop, scholar, writer and humanist. He is also known by his pen-name of Sidonius.

## Life

Helding was born in Langenenslingen bei Riedlingen/Sigmaringen, a miller's son. In autumn 1525 he matriculated at the University of Tübingen. At Pentecost in 1527 he graduated BA and at Christmas 1528 as MA. He became a lecturer in Mainz, where he became rector of the Domschule (cathedral school) in 1531. There he began his lifelong close contact with humanism. After being ordained as a priest, he worked under Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg at Mainz Cathedral from 1533 onwards.
On 18 October 1537 he was selected to become auxiliary bishop of Mainz and was ordained to that role on 4 August the following year. He was also appointed titular bishop of Sidon. In 1543 he graduated as a doctor of theology. He served as a Roman Catholic delegate at the 1540-1541 Diet of Worms. He also attended the Council of Trent; Helding arrived at Trent on 18 May 1545 as Albrecht's procurator, and left on 8 January 1546, being recalled to Germany to attend the Diet of Regensburg.
At the 'armoured' Diet of Augsburg of 1547-48 he became the co-author of the Augsburg Interim, drawing harsh polemics from Matthias Flacius and other Protestants. In December 1550 he became the successor to the Protestant George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau as the last Catholic Bishop of Merseburg. He was present at the Council of Augsburg in 1555 and in the autumn of 1557 at the Colloquy of Worms, where his questions caused internal conflict between Lutheran theologians. In 1561, less than a year before Helding's death, Ferdinand I appointed him head of the Imperial Council in Vienna. He died in Vienna, aged about 55.
Helding is considered one of the most important proponents of Catholic Reform of his time, who tried to use his speeches and writings to maintain Christian unity and to contribute actively towards what he saw as a necessary reform of the Roman Catholic church. He remained true to Catholicism, but was still friendly to reform and tolerant towards the Protestant denominations and other faiths.
# Michael Connolly (Irish politician)

Michael P. Connolly (1860–1945) was an Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician. A merchant and farmer, he was an unsuccessful candidate at the June 1927 general election, but was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Longford–Westmeath constituency at the September 1927 general election. He did not contest the 1932 general election.
# 2nd Duke of Norfolk

The 2nd Duke of Norfolk might refer to:
* John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, from the first creation
* Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, from the third creation
# 2nd Duke of Newcastle

2nd Duke of Newcastle may refer to:
* Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle (1630–1691), English politician
* Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle (1720–1794), British nobleman
# Clandestino (disambiguation)

Clandestino is a 1998 album by Manu Chao.
Clandestino(s) may also refer to:
* "Clandestino" (Manu Chao song), 1998
* "Clandestino" (Shakira and Maluma song), 2018
* Clandestino, a 2016 album by Lartiste
* Clandestino, a 2010 album by Roser
* "Clandestino", a 2014 song by Francesco Gabbani from Greitist Iz
* Clandestino, a character on The Bluffers
* Clandestinos (1987 film), a 1987 Cuban film directed by Fernando Pérez
* Clandestinos (2007 film), a 2007 Spanish film directed by Antonio Hens
# 303 in Armenia

The following lists events that happened during 303 in Armenia.

## Events

* Etchmiadzin Cathedral is completed by Gregory the Illuminator and Tiridates III of Armenia
* January 6 – Baptism of Tiridates III of Armenia
# Clara Stanwood Pearson

Clara Stanwood Pearson (March 18, 1849 – July 3, 1910) was an American pioneer in the Washington Territory and the eponym of the town of Stanwood.

## Early life

Clara Jane Stanwood was born on March 18, 1849, in Lowell, Massachusetts.

## Mercer Expeditions

Clara's home town of Lowell, and her husband and in-laws the Pearsons, are closely associated with Asa Mercer's expeditions to bring young women and settlers to the Puget Sound.
Among the "Mercer Girls" on the first expedition in 1864 were Georgia and Josephine Pearson, sisters, accompanied by their father Daniel Pearson. Mercer returned to Lowell in 1865. On his second expedition, arriving in Washington Territory in 1866, were Daniel's wife Mrs. Pearson, their son Daniel O., and daughter Flora.
Clara Stanwood joined her beau Daniel (D. O.) Pearson in 1868, and they were married that year. D. O. and Clara farmed on Whidby Island until 1877.
Daniel the elder served as lightkeeper at the nearby Admiralty Head lighthouse with daughter Flora as his assistant.

## Stanwood

In 1877, D. O. and Clara moved to Centerville at the mouth of the Stillaguamish River, where the Pearsons built a wharf, warehouse, and store. D. O. also began serving as the postmaster of the latent community.
"Centerville" was found to be too common of a place name, so it fell upon the postmaster to pick a new designation that would result in less misdelivered mail.
The new name "Stanwood" was chosen in honor of Clara's maiden name.
The Pearsons later built the D. O. Pearson House, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and home to the Stanwood Area Historical Society.
# Michael Molloy (politician)

Michael Molloy (1850 – 12 January 1926) was an Irish nationalist politician and Member of Parliament (MP) from 1910 to 1918, taking his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Molloy, chairman of Carlow Urban Council, was nominated as candidate for the Irish Parliamentary Party in the constituency of County Carlow at the general election of January 1910, replacing Walter MacMurrough Kavanagh, who was standing down. He was elected unopposed, and again in the December general election of the same year. He did not run in the 1918 general election, and his seat was taken, unopposed, by James Lennon of Sinn Féin.
# Michael Molloy

Michael Molloy may refer to:
* Mike Molloy (born 1940), British author and former newspaper editor and cartoonist
* M. J. Molloy (1917–1994), Irish playwright
* Mick Molloy (born 1966), Australian comedian, writer and producer
* Mick Molloy (athlete) (1938–2023), Irish long-distance runner
* Mick Molloy (rugby union) (born 1944), Irish rugby union player
* Michael Molloy (politician) (1850–1926), Member of Parliament for Carlow County, 1910–1918
# Clavulina puiggarii

Clavulina puiggarii is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavulinaceae. It is found in Australia and Brazil.
# Michael Foster (Tolkien scholar)

Michael Foster (December 28, 1946 - April 12, 2023), known as Mike Foster, was an emeritus professor of English and a Tolkien scholar. In 1978 he pioneered the teaching of Tolkien studies at university level.

## Biography

   [My students] wanted a class on Tolkien alone. So in 1977, ... I took a petition signed by fifteen students requesting such a course to my department chairman, and he agreed to schedule Lit. 116: Special Studies: J.R.R. Tolkien for the next term. Of course, only one of the fifteen who signed up showed up. But twenty others did, and the Tolkien course has continued at Illinois Central College since then, with the exception of four years at the end of the last century when it was cast into darkness and doom by a Balrog dean...
   The four essays required for [the course cover] four approaches to the study of literature: analysis of a small section, examination of a possible literary source, evaluation of a critical study, and commentary on the evolution of a single character.
   The principal advantage of a course centered on Tolkien, as opposed to, say, Shakespeare, is that many students have read all the author's major works...
Mike Foster: Teaching Tolkien
Michael Alan Foster was educated at Spalding High School, Peoria, IL. He obtained his first degree in Arts at Marquette University in 1968, and that year became a teacher at Spalding High School. He then took a Master's degree at Marquette. In 1971 he joined the staff of the English department of Illinois Central College in Peoria, Illinois, eventually becoming a professor there. In addition, he worked as a journalist for the Peoria Journal Star.
He taught there until he retired in 2005. While at Illinois Central College he taught fantasy literature from 1974, and a special studies course focusing entirely on J. R. R. Tolkien from 1978. This represented what in the context of sceptical attitudes was "a rare success" in the early history of Tolkien research; Foster later documented his teaching approach on the course in "an appropriately anecdotal piece". Foster has published many papers and book reviews on English fantasy literature, including on the Inklings Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and George Sayer, as well as on J. M. Barrie and G. K. Chesterton.
Foster was a known Tolkien scholar; the Washington Post described him as "somewhat of an authority on all things Tolkien". In 1995 he became the North American representative of The Tolkien Society. He was on the Mythopoeic Society's Inklings scholarship committee. The Illinois Community College Journalism Association's top award, The Mike Foster General Excellence Award, is named in his honor.
Foster died in Peoria in April 2023.
# Michael Morgan (cricketer, born 1932)

Michael Naunton Morgan (15 May 1932 – 1 October 2017) was an English first-class cricketer and medical doctor.
The son of the surgeon Sir Clifford Naunton Morgan and his wife Ena Muriel Evans, he was born at Marylebone in May 1932 and was educated at Marlborough College. From Marlborough he went up to the University of Cambridge, where he studied medicine. He debuted in minor counties cricket for Berkshire in the 1950 Minor Counties Championship, before making his first-class debut for Cambridge University the following year against Middlesex at Fenner's. He did not play again in first-class cricket for Cambridge until 1954, when he made twelve appearances, including against the touring Pakistanis. Playing as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he took 26 wickets for the university at an average of 38.73, with best figures of 5/58. His only five-wicket haul in first-class cricket came against the Marylebone Cricket Club.
Having graduated from Cambridge with a doctorate in medicine, Morgan became a renal surgeon, working at Westminster Hospital. He later made a final first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Cambridge University in 1957, as well as appearing in minor counties cricket for Berkshire until 1959. He died at London in October 2017.
# Clara Barton High School

Clara Barton High School for Health Professions is a public high school in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City, that teaches from 9th - 12th grade. It is located at 901 Classon Avenue, across from the Brooklyn Museum and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. The school is named for Clara Barton, an American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian. Like all New York City public schools, Clara Barton High School is operated by the New York City Department of Education.
Clara Barton High School for Health Professions has an array of health profession programs including Licensed Practical Nursing, Medical Assisting, Nursing Assisting, Dental Lab, Dental Assisting, Pharmacy Assisting, and EMT.
Up until the 1990s, all students joined a health profession, and are still encouraged to do so. Clara Barton High School for Health Professions has a clinical Program, which allows seniors in certain health careers to work in a hospital for half their day or work a week and go to school for a week. Students can graduate as a licensed practical nurse and get a job in a hospital after graduation. They also can be certified to work in any of the other majors upon graduation.
Many accelerated courses are offered, through the Gateway Honors Program, including advanced placement courses such as A.P. Biology, A.P. English, and A.P. United States History. Gateway offers rigorous course instruction to prepare for college.