OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stumpffia tetradactyla

Stumpffia tetradactyla is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss..
# Suberea

Suberea is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Aplysinellidae.
The species of this genus are found in Southern Hemisphere.
Species:
* Suberea clavata (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982)
* Suberea creba Bergquist, 1995
* Suberea elegans (Lendenfeld, 1888)
* Suberea etiennei van Soest, Kaiser & Van Syoc, 2011
* Suberea flavolivescens (Hofman & Kielman, 1992)
* Suberea fusca (Carter, 1880)
* Suberea ianthelliformis (Lendenfeld, 1888)
* Suberea laboutei Bergquist, 1995
* Suberea meandrina Kelly, 2015
* Suberea mollis (Row, 1911)
* Suberea pedunculata (Lévi, 1969)
* Suberea praetensa (Row, 1911)
* Suberea purpureaflava Gugel, Wagler & Brümmer, 2011
# Suberin

Suberin is a lipophilic, complex polyester biopolymer of plants, composed of long-chain fatty acids called suberin acids and glycerol. Suberin, interconnected with cutins and lignins, also complex macromolecules, form a protective barrier in the epidermal and peridermal cell walls of higher plants. Suberins and lignins are considered covalently linked to lipids and carbohydrates, respectively, and lignin is covalently linked to suberin, and to a lesser extent, to cutin. Suberin is a major constituent of cork, and is named after the cork oak, Quercus suber. Its main function is as a barrier to movement of water and solutes.

## Anatomy and physiology

Suberin is highly hydrophobic and a somewhat 'rubbery' material. In roots, suberin is deposited in the radial and transverse/tangential cell walls of the endodermal cells. This structure, known as the Casparian strip or Casparian band, functions to prevent water and nutrients taken up by the root from entering the stele through the apoplast. Instead, water must bypass the endodermis via the symplast. This allows the plant to select the solutes that pass further into the plant. It thus forms an important barrier to harmful solutes. For example, mangroves use suberin to minimize salt intake from their littoral habitat.
Suberin is found in the phellem layer of the periderm (or cork). This is outermost layer of the bark. The cells in this layer are dead and abundant in suberin, preventing water loss from the tissues below. Suberin can also be found in various other plant structures. For example, they are present in the lenticels on the stems of many plants and the net structure in the rind of a netted melon is composed of suberised cells.

## Structure and biosynthesis

Suberin consists of two domains, a polyaromatic and a polyaliphatic domain. The polyaromatics are predominantly located within the primary cell wall, and the polyaliphatics are located between the primary cell wall and the cell membrane. The two domains are supposed to be cross-linked. The exact qualitative and quantitative composition of suberin monomers varies in different species. Some common aliphatic monomers include α-hydroxyacids (mainly 18-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid) and α,ω-diacids (mainly octadec-9-ene-1,18-dioic acid). The monomers of the polyaromatics are hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives, such as feruloyltyramine.
In addition to the aromatics and aliphatics components, glycerol has been reported a major suberin component in some species. The role of glycerol is proposed to interlink aliphatic monomers, and possibly also to link polyaliphatics to polyaromatics, during suberin polymer assembly. The polymerization step of aromatic monomers has been shown to involve a peroxidase reaction.
The biosynthesis of the aliphatic monomers shares the same upstream reactions with cutin biosynthesis, and the biosynthesis of aromatics shares the same upstream reactions with lignin biosynthesis.
Phlobaphen also occurs in the polyaromatic part of the suberin mixture.
# Sue Henry

Sue Henry (January 19, 1940 – November 20, 2020) was an American writer of mystery thriller fiction. She was also a librarian, college administrator, and instructor at the University of Alaska.

## Biography

According to her obituary in the Anchorage Daily News, she was born Mathilda Sue Hall in Salmon, Idaho, and married Paul K. Henry in 1965; they had two boys, Bruce and Eric. After they divorced, she moved the boys to Fairbanks, Alaska in 1975.
Her first book Murder on the Iditarod Trail (1991), was well reviewed and won both the Macavity Awards and Anthony Awards for best first novel, prompting the author to develop a series based on this book's characters, Alaskan state trooper Alex Jensen and Jessie Arnold, a sled dog racer.
In 2005, she started a new mystery series featuring a 63-year-old widow, Maxine McNab, travelling in her Winnebago with a miniature dachshund, Stretch. Maxine had appeared in Dead North (2001) in the first series. Henry went on the road to research the book.
Murder on the Iditarod Trail was filmed for television as The Cold Heart of a Killer (1996) starring Kate Jackson, who bought the rights to the book.
All maps for her books starting with Dead North (2001) were made by her son, Eric Henry.

## Publications
### Alex Jensen and Jessie Arnold series

* Murder on the Iditarod Trail (1991) Winner of the Macavity Award and Anthony Awards Awards for Best First Novel, 1992
* Termination Dust (1996)
* Sleeping Lady (1996)
* Death Takes Passage (1997)
* Deadfall (1998)
* Murder on the Yukon Quest: An Alaska Mystery (1999)
* Beneath the Ashes (2001)
* Dead North (2001)
* Cold Company (2002)
* Death Trap (2003)
* Murder at Five Finger Light (2005)
* Degrees of Separation (2008)
* Cold as Ice (2010) (This book was never released)

### Maxie and Stretch series

* The Serpents Trail (2004)
* The Tooth of Time (2006)
* The Refuge (2007)
* The End of the Road (2009)
# List of culture universities in Ukraine

The list of culture universities in Ukraine includes state education institutions of Ukraine of the 3rd and 4th accreditation levels such as universities, academies, conservatories and institutes. The list only specializes in various schools for arts, music, culture and design.
Most of arts, music and culture educational state institutions are administered by the Ministry of Culture.

## Kyiv

* Kyiv National University of theater, cinema and television
* Tchaikovsky National Academy of Music
* National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture
* Kyiv State Institute of Decorative Applied Arts and Design
* Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts
* Kyiv University of Culture

## Kharkiv Oblast

* Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts
* Kharkiv State Academy of Culture
* Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts

## Lviv Oblast

* Lviv National Music Academy
* Lviv National Academy of Arts

## Odesa Oblast

* Odesa Conservatory

## Crimea

* Crimean University of Culture, Arts and Tourism

## Luhansk Oblast

* Luhansk State Institute of Culture and Arts

## Zakarpattia Oblast

* Transcarpathian Academy of Arts
# List of education ministers of Bihar

this is a stub please expand, for an example see Education Minister of India
This is a list of education ministers of Bihar, India.

## List

| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Chief Minister | Party |
| 1 | Acharya Badrinath Verma | | | Krishna Singh | Congress |
| 2 | Satyendra Narayan Sinha | 1961 | 1963 | NOT PROVIDED | Congress |
| 3 | Satyendra Narayan Sinha | 1963 | 1967 | K. B. Sahay | Congress |
| 4 | Karpoori Thakur | 1967 | 1968 | Mahamaya Prasad Sinha | Jana Kranti Dal |
| 5 | Satish Prasad Singh | 1968 | 1968 | Satish Prasad Singh | Congress |
| 6 | Dr.Ramrajsingh | 1969 | 1972 | Karpoori Thakur | Congress |
| 7 | Bindeshwari Dubey | 1973 | 1973 | Kedar Pandey | Congress |
| 8 | Vidyakaar Kavi | 1973 | 1973 | Abdul Ghafoor | Congress |
| 9 | Dr. Ramraj singh | 1973 | 1977 | Jagannath Mishra, Abdul Ghafoor | Congress |
| 10 | Nasiruddin Haider Khan | 1980 | 1981 | Jagannath Mishra | Congress |
| 11 | Karamchand Bhagat | 1981 | 1983 | Jagannath Mishra | Congress |
| 12 | Nagendra Jha | 1983 | 1985 | Chandrashekhar Singh | Congress |
| 13 | Uma Pandey | | | Bindeshwari Dubey | Congress |
| 14 | Lokesh Nath Jha | | | Bindeshwari Dubey | Congress |
| 15 | Nagendra Jha | 1988 | 1989 | Bhagwat Jha Azad | Congress |
| 16 | Dr. Diwakar Prasad Singh | 1996 | 1996 | Laloo Prasad Yadav | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 17 | Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav | 1999 | 2000 | Rabri Devi | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 18 | Ram lashan ram raman | 2001 | 2004 | Rabri Devi | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 19 | Brishin Patel | 2005 | 2008 | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal (United) |
| 20 | Hari Narayan Singh | 2008 | 2010 | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal (United) |
| 21 | Prashant Kumar Shahi | 2010 | 2014 | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal (United) |
| 22 | Prashant Kumar Sahi | 2014 | 2015 | Jitan Ram Manjhi | Janata Dal (United) |
| 23 | Ashok Choudhary | 2015 | 2017 | Nitish Kumar | Congress |
| 24 | Krishna Nandan Prasad Verma | 2017 | 2020 | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal (United) |
| 25 | Vijay Kumar Chaudhary | 2020 | 2022 | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal (United) |
| 26 | Chandrashekhar Yadav | 2022 | 2023 | Nitish Kumar | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 27 | Alok Kumar Mehta | 2024 | 2024 | Nitish Kumar | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 28 | Vijay Kumar Chaudhary | 2024 | 2024 | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal (United) |
| 29 | Sunil Kumar | 2024 | Present | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal (United) |
# Sulglicotide

Sulglicotide (or sulglycotide) is a drug used for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
# Sulgener Berg

The Sulgener Berg, also called the Sulger Berg, is a mountain, 763.5 m above sea level (NHN), in the Black Forest in Germany. It is located near Sulgen (also on the Sulgen), a village in the borough of Schramberg in the Baden-Württemberg county of Rottweil. It lies within the Central/North Black Forest Nature Park.
The Sulgener Berg, which rises south of the village of Sulgen and west of the hamlet of Schoren, is often associated with the hamlet of Hutneck to the south and referred to as Sulgen's local mountain. At the top is the Sulgen Water Tower, which was built in 1960. Until its incorporation into the municipality of Tennenbronn in 2006 the mountain was one of the highest points in the parish of Schramberg. In 1875 the Vogthof of Sulgener Berg was built on the mountain. On the same site today is the hotel restaurant of Drei Könige.

## Sources

* Stadt Schramberg (publ.): Das ist Schramberg. Die Uhren- und Fünftälerstadt im Schwarzwald. Schramberg, 1967.
* Topographic map, 1:50,000 scale, Schramberg, 1981 edition.
# Sugar Creek Township, Clinton County, Illinois

Sugar Creek Township is one of fifteen townships in Clinton County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,643 and it contained 2,720 housing units. The township's name changed from Trenton Township on June 1, 1874.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.57 square miles (94.7 km$^2$), of which 36.54 square miles (94.6 km$^2$) (or 99.92%) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.078 km$^2$) (or 0.08%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Aviston (vast majority)
* Trenton

### Cemeteries

The township contains these three cemeteries: Saint Francis, Saint Marys and Trenton.

### Major highways

* US Route 50
* Illinois Route 160

### Lakes

* Sportsman Lake

### Landmarks

* Cemetery

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 6,643 people, 2,374 households, and 1,578 families residing in the township. The population density was 181.78 inhabitants per square mile (70.19/km$^2$). There were 2,720 housing units at an average density of 74.43 per square mile (28.74/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 93.69% White, 0.51% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 3.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.54% of the population.
There were 2,374 households, out of which 31.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.41% were married couples living together, 7.92% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 33.53% were non-families. 29.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.22.
The township's age distribution consisted of 25.4% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $72,750, and the median income for a family was $102,821. Males had a median income of $52,813 versus $39,451 for females. The per capita income for the township was $37,103. About 2.2% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.

## School districts

* Aviston School District 21
* Wesclin Community Unit School District 3

## Political districts

* Illinois' 19th congressional district
* State House District 102
* State Senate District 51
# Summer (Mogwai composition)

"Summer" is a piece of music by Mogwai released as a double A-side with "Ithica 27ø9" on 4 November 1996 and eventually included on Ten Rapid (Collected Recordings 1996-1997). A version of "Summer" called "Summer (Priority Version)" is included on Mogwai's debut album, Young Team.

## Overview

"Summer" could be described as Mogwai's equivalent of a pop song. The original version of "Summer" is still played live regularly, whereas the Priority Version, while not usually played live anymore, used to be played live quite commonly in the late 1990s. The piece was originally titled "Martin", most likely after Mogwai drummer Martin Bulloch. "Summer" could possibly be the first Mogwai composition ever written because the 1995 Deadcat Motorbike demos (Stuart Braithwaite's previous band) contain a track labelled "Summer".

## Priority version

The version of "Summer" which appeared on the band's 1997 debut album, Mogwai Young Team, entitled "Summer (Priority Version)" was first played live for a Peel session in late 1996. Stuart Braithwaite commented on this version of the piece: "I think that we must have been on crack when we wrote it because it's crap."

## Musical composition

The track begins with a quiet recording of the chorus of "Summer", with much reverb. At (0:40), it fades out and the bass riff of "Summer" kicks in, accompanied by an Organ. At (0:54), it is joined by the drums, and a glockenspiel playing the melody. At (1:24), the distorted guitars are brought in, playing a heavily distorted E5 chord along with heavy drumming. At (1:30), the quiet glockenspiel melody returns briefly, before being drowned out at (1:36) by the guitars playing the E5 chord. This is followed at (1:42), by a guitar solo, played by Stuart Braithwaite, with the glockenspiel playing along. At (2:13), there is another heavily distorted guitar section, followed by a brief return to the glockenspiel melody, and then back to the guitar section. At (2:43), a similar guitar solo is played, until (3:00), when all the instruments begin playing frantically and heavily, until (3:28), when another guitar section is played. At (3:45), the glockenspiel melody is played one last time, accompanied by organ and drums, until (4:09), when everything finishes playing, except the organ, which slowly fades out.

## Media appearances

* "Summer (Priority Version)" was used as the ending theme of the 2002 documentary television program, RE:Brand, presented by English comedian and actor, Russell Brand.
* "Summer" was also used in a Levi advert during an American football Super Bowl clash in 2003 which earned the band £250,000. This advert also raised their global awareness.

## Personnel

* Stuart Braithwaite – guitar, glockenspiel
* Dominic Aitchison – bass guitar
* John Cummings – guitar
* Martin Bulloch – drums
* Paul Savage – producer, mixer
# Megachile amboinensis

Megachile amboinensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Friese in 1909.
# Sympistis youngi

Sympistis youngi is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.
The wingspan is about 35 mm.
# Mao Jingwen

Mao Jingwen (Chinese: 毛景文; pinyin: Máo Jǐngwén; born 19 December 1956) is a Chinese engineer who is a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

## Biography

Mao was born in Jinnan Special District (now Yuncheng), Shanxi, on 19 December 1956. After graduating from Hebei GEO University in 1978, he taught at Shanxi Mining Institute (now Taiyuan University of Technology) for a year, then he went on to receive his master's degree in 1982 and doctor's degreein 1988, all from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.
After graduating, he entered the Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, where he worked successively as assistant researcher, associate researcher, and researcher.

## Honours and awards

* 2008 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class)
* 2012 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class)
* 2016 State Natural Science Award (Second Class)
* 27 November 2017 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
# Mafia Airport

Mafia Airport (Uwanja wa Ndege wa Mafia, in Swahili) (IATA: MFA, ICAO: HTMA) is an airport on Mafia Island in the Mafia District of Pwani Region in Tanzania. The island is located in the Sea of Zanj in the Indian Ocean, 17 kilometres (11 mi) across the Mafia Channel on the Tanzanian mainland coast. In 2013 the landing strip at Mafia Airport was rehabilitated using grant funds provided by the United States government through the Millennium Challenge Corporation. The Mafia non-directional beacon (Ident: MF) is located on the field.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Auric Air | Dar es Salaam |
| Coastal Aviation | Dar es Salaam, Pemba, Selous, Tanga, Zanzibar |
| Tropical Air | Dar es Salaam |
# Reuben Marumahoko

Reuben Marumahoko (born 4 April 1948) is a former Zimbabwe Deputy Minister of Regional Integration and International Cooperation. and former Senator for Hurungwe (ZANU-PF). Since 2003, he is placed on the United States sanctions list.
# Bisht

Bisht may refer to:
* Bisht (surname), an Indian and Nepali surname
* Bisht (clothing), a traditional Arab men's cloak
# Chingford Mount Cemetery

Chingford Mount Cemetery is a cemetery in Chingford Mount, in the London Borough of Waltham Forest.
The main entrance is opposite Chingford Old Church. Opened in May 1884, 41½ acres in size, it was laid out on the site of the house and grounds of Caroline Mount. Chingford Mount Cemetery was opened as a sister-site to the already established Abney Park Cemetery, which had opened in 1840 as part of the Magnificent Seven Cemeteries which circled London.
Abney Park opened in response to the burial conditions of cemeteries in the inner city. Originally a joint-stock company and inheriting the mantle of Bunhill Fields, the company was made over in 1884 and run as a commercial venture. Chingford Mount was the first new site to open under this regime, followed by Hendon Park and Greenford. Following the collapse of the managing company in the 1970s, plans were submitted to turn over unused parts of the burial ground for redevelopment as housing. Objections from local residents halted this plan and the cemetery is now under the care of the London Borough of Waltham Forest.
Among those buried in the cemetery are sculptor John Bacon, the Kray twins and other members of their crime family, the meteorologist John William Tripe, Benjamin Pollock, founder of Pollock's Toy Museum and Benjamin Pollock's Toy Shop, and the stage and film actor Leslie Phillips. The cemetery contains the war graves of 139 Commonwealth service personnel of World War I and 182 of World War II, with the names of those whose graves have no headstones being listed on a low screen wall surrounding the War Graves Plot in Section F13.
# Max Schireson

Max Schireson is a technology executive, best known as CEO of MongoDB, and a competitive bridge player. In 2014, he stepped down from CEO to focus more on his family. A tipping point for Schireson came on a long-delayed overnight flight to Austin. The CEO woke up in Tucson to discover his flight had gone through an emergency landing and needed to replace some crew members traumatized by the experience–all while he slept, desperately trying to catch up on rest.
At age 14, Schireson enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley to study math but left before graduating to pursue a career in Silicon Valley.
Schireson has won one North American Bridge Championship, the 2017 Grand National Teams Flight C, an event limited to teams of Non-Life-Masters with under 500 masterpoints.
Since 2014, he serve as a non-executive director at Cray Inc., and a consultant at Battery Ventures.

## Personal life

He has a wife who is a doctor and professor. Together they have three children.
# Chinese Chemical Letters

Chinese Chemical Letters is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of chemistry. It was established in 1990 and is published by Elsevier on behalf of the Chinese Chemical Society. The editor-in-chief is Xu-Hong Qian (East China University of Science and Technology).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.632. {cite web |url=https://www.journals.elsevier.com/chinese-chemical-letters}

## Coercive citations

In 2015, it was reported by Jeffrey Beall that the journal offered to waive their article processing charge for authors whose articles would be cited more than 6 times (apparently including self-citations) in the first two years after publication. This practice is known as coercive citation. In a reaction, the editorial office stated that this episode "was totally due to the inappropriate English expression of our newly joined editor" and that "[t]he publication fee waiver based on the citations has been eliminated."
# Małkowski (surname)

Małkowski is a Polish masculine surname. Its feminine counterpart is Małkowska. It may refer to:
* Andrzej Małkowski (1888–1919), Polish scout
* Ed Marlo (born Edward Malkowski, 1913–1991), American magician
* Eugeniusz Geno Malkowski (1942–2016), Polish painter
* Gary Malkowski (born 1958), Canadian provincial politician
* Maciej Małkowski (born 1985), Polish association football player
* Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska (1888–1979), Polish scout, wife of Andrzej
* Sebastian Małkowski (born 1987), Polish association football player
* Zbigniew Małkowski (born 1978), Polish association football player
# Sulo Teittinen

Sulo Johannes Teittinen (3 July 1882, Juva – 11 August 1964) was a Finnish engineer, civil servant, farmer and politician. He was a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1939 to 1948, representing the National Progressive Party.