OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cliff – The Musical

Cliff – The Musical was a musical based on the life of Sir Cliff Richard which was staged at The Prince of Wales Theatre, London from 17 March 2003 to June 2003. The show was written by Mike Read and Trevor Payne, with Payne directing. Four performers played the part of Richard.

## Reception

The show was not well received by the critics with Rhoda Koenig writing in The Independent: "The high point is 'pants'" referring to the final number, in which each of the four Cliffs "tosses a pair of unworn white boxer shorts to the screaming crowd – a moment that not only ends but sums up Cliff The Musical."
The BBC's critic Mark Shenton wrote: "I wish I was in it myself, Sir Cliff Richard is quoted saying on the posters. But he must have said that before he actually saw this truly terrible tribute show" and referred to it as "Witless, insulting, clumsily thrown together; the new Cliff Richard tribute show is a long night at the theatre".
# Clint Sprott

Julien Clinton Sprott (born 16 September 1942) is an emeritus professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

## Biography

Clint Sprott was born on 16 September 1942 in Memphis, Tennessee. He earned his bachelor's degree from MIT in 1964 and his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1969. His professional interests are in experimental plasma physics and chaos theory.
In 1984, the University of Wisconsin–Madison began a program called The Wonders of Physics, which Sprott presented in a typical travelling showman style to audiences of all ages. The show has been presented on the Madison campus over 300 times to a total audience of over 100,000 over a period of 40 years. His shows are available freely as streaming video from his website.
He is author of several fundamental books on chaos, among which Chaos and Time-Series Analysis and Elegant Chaos.

## Trivia

* Clifford A. Pickover's website is hosted on Sprott's web server. In fact, Pickover considers Sprott to be one of "today's people" .
# Micraglossa zhongguoensis

Micraglossa zhongguoensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Wei-Chun Li, Hou-Hun Li and Matthias Nuss in 2010. It is found in China (Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hong Kong) and northern Vietnam.
# Claytonia sibirica

Claytonia sibirica is a flowering plant in the family Montiaceae, commonly known as pink purslane, candy flower, Siberian spring beauty or Siberian miner's lettuce. A synonym is Montia sibirica. It is native to Aleutian Islands and western North America and has been introduced into parts of Europe and Scandinavia.

## Habitat and description

It is found in moist woods. It is long-lived perennial, biennial, or annual with hermaphroditic flowers which are protandrous and self-fertile. The numerous fleshy stems form a rosette and the leaves are linear, lanceolate, or deltate. The flowers are 8–20 mm diameter, with five white, candy-striped, or pink petals; flowering is typically between February and August, but some plants continue to bloom late into autumn.

## Distribution

It is native to the Commander Islands (including Bering Island) of Siberia, and western North America from the Aleutian Islands and coastal Alaska south through Haida Gwaii, Vancouver Island, Cascade and Coast Ranges, to a southern limit in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Populations are also known from the Wallowa Mountains, Klamath Mountains, northern Idaho, and The Kootenai. The plant was introduced into the United Kingdom by the 18th century, where it has become very widespread.

### Invasiveness

The species is now found in most of the UK, especially the west and north. It continues to spread but is not considered invasive. However, it is reported to cause local problems due to its growth timing. The fleshy leaves appear early in the season and then collapse and may suppress the growth of later species.

## Uses

Much like Claytonia perfoliata, the aboveground portion of the plant can be eaten raw or cooked. Some leaves have a poor taste or aftertaste.

## The Stewarton flower

An example of the variation found in Claytonia sibirica is the subspecies known as the Stewarton flower, so named due to its local abundance in that part of North Ayrshire, Scotland, and recorded as such by the Kilmarnock Glenfield Ramblers.
In 1915 it was stated to have been in the Stewarton area for over 60 years and was abundant on the Corsehill Burn. As the plant is very adept at reproducing by asexual plantlets, this has maintained the white varieties gene pool around Stewarton. The pink variety has not been able to predominate in Stewarton, and only occurs occasionally, unlike most other localities in Scotland.
The white variety predominates in Templeton Woods Dundee with occasional clumps of the pink variety.
# Claytonia umbellata

Claytonia umbellata is a species of wildflower in the purslane family known by the common name Great Basin springbeauty. It is native to the Great Basin of the United States, where it grows mainly in subalpine coniferous forests, often on north-facing exposed slopes in the talus. It is a perennial herb growing from a tuberous root up to 5 centimeters wide and a thin taproot. Most of the stem develops underground, as do the petioles of the most basal leaves. Above the ground appear a few oval-shaped fleshy red to green leaves and an inflorescence of up to 12 flowers. Each flower has five magenta to deeply pink-tinted white petals.
# 429 BC

Year 429 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tricipitinus and Fidenas (or, less frequently, year 325 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 429 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* The Athenians under Xenophon march into Thrace to attack Chalcis. They destroy crops outside Spartolus and begin negotiating with pro-Athenian factions in Chalcis, but the anti-Athenian factions ask for help from Olynthus. An army from Chalcis, Spartolus, and Olynthus meet the Athenians in battle, but their hoplites are defeated. Reinforcements soon arrive from Olynthus, and they launch a second attack on the Athenians. The Athenians are routed, with all of their generals and 430 other men killed.
* The Athenian admiral Phormio has two naval victories, the Naupactus and the Battle of Rhium at the mouth of the Corinthian Gulf. In the first battle, his 20 ships defeat 47 Corinthian ships commanded by Machaon, Isocrates, and Agatharchidas that were advancing to reinforce the Spartan general, Cnemus's campaign in Acarnania. In the second battle, Phormio routs Cnemus's 77-vessel fleet.
* The Athenians, in alliance with Polichne, destroy the Cretan city of Kydonia.
* The Macedonian king, Perdiccas II, once again betrays the Athenians and sends 1000 troops to support a Spartan assault on Acarnania but they arrive too late to help. In response to this, King Sitalkes of Thrace invades Macedonia with a vast army that includes independent Thracian tribes (such as the Dii) and Paionian tribes (Agrianes and Laeaeans). His progress is slowed when the promised support from Athens fails to materialise. So Perdiccas once again uses diplomacy to ensure the survival of Macedonia. He promises the hand of his sister in marriage to the nephew of Sitalkes, who then persuades Sitalkes to leave Macedonia.
* The plague in Athens that is killing thousands of the city's inhabitants, claims Pericles. Cleon, who has headed the opposition to Pericles's rule, succeeds to power in Athens following Pericles's death.

## Births

* Ateas, king of Scythia (d. 339 BC)

## Deaths

* Pericles, Athenian statesman (epidemic) (born c. 495 BC)
# Michel Boudart

Michel Boudart (born 18 June 1924 in Brussels, Belgium; died 2 May 2012) was the William M. Keck Sr. Professor of Chemical Engineering Emeritus at Stanford University.
He earned his BS and MS from the University of Louvain in 1944 and 1947 respectively and earned his PhD in chemistry at Princeton University in 1950 under the guidance of Hugh Stott Taylor. He was a professor at Princeton until 1961 and briefly at University of California, Berkeley where he help to establish their program in catalysis and reactions engineering.
Joining Stanford University in 1964, he was best known for his role in establishing the Stanford Chemical Engineering department and his work in catalysis. In 1994, he became a professor emeritus. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the California Academy of Science.

## Personal life

Born in Brussels, during the Second World War, he was accepted to the University of Louvain but the university was closed. He was married to his wife Marina d'Haese Boudart. They were avid world travelers and had a daughter and three sons.
# Cloresmini

The Cloresmini, sometimes called bamboo coreids, are a tribe of leaf-footed bugs, in the subfamily Coreinae erected by Carl Stål in 1873. Genera are distributed from India, China, Indochina, Malesia through to New Guinea.

## Genera and species

The Coreoidea Species File lists:
* Cloresmus Stål, 1860
** Cloresmus antennatus Distant, 1908
** Cloresmus boops Blöte, 1936
** Cloresmus ferrinus (Walker, 1871)
** Cloresmus jacobsoni Blöte, 1936
** Cloresmus javanicus (Westwood, 1842)
** Cloresmus khasianus Distant, 1901
** Cloresmus modestus Distant, 1901
** Cloresmus nepalensis (Westwood, 1842)
** Cloresmus pulchellus Hsiao, 1963
** Cloresmus signoreti Stål, 1860
** Cloresmus similis (Dallas, 1852)
** Cloresmus yunnanensis Hsiao, 1963
* Notobitiella Hsiao, 1963 - monotypic N. elegans Hsiao, 1963
* Notobitus Stål, 1860
** Notobitus abdominalis Distant, 1901
** Notobitus affinis (Dallas, 1852)
** Notobitus bambusae Henry, 1931
** Notobitus celebensis Breddin, 1901
** Notobitus dorsalis (Westwood, 1842)
** Notobitus elongatus Hsiao, 1977
** Notobitus excellens Distant, 1879
** Notobitus femoralis Chen, 1986
** Notobitus humeralis Blöte, 1936
** Notobitus marginalis (Westwood, 1842)
** Notobitus meleagris (Fabricius, 1787)
** Notobitus montanus Hsiao, 1963
** Notobitus mundus Distant, 1908
** Notobitus pallicornis (Dallas, 1852)
** Notobitus papuensis Horváth, 1900
** Notobitus parvus Distant, 1908
** Notobitus serripes (Dallas, 1850)
** Notobitus sexguttatus (Westwood, 1842)
* Priocnemicoris Costa, 1863
** Priocnemicoris antennatus Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
** Priocnemicoris bicoloripes Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
** Priocnemicoris cyclops Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
** Priocnemicoris diversipes (Fallou, 1891)
** Priocnemicoris doesburgi Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
** Priocnemicoris flaviceps (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)
** Priocnemicoris kiungensis Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
** Priocnemicoris morobe Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
** Priocnemicoris nigrellus Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
** Priocnemicoris papuensis Brailovsky & Barrera, 2007
* Wasbauerellus Brailovsky, 2007 - monotypic W. modicus (Brailovsky, 2006)
# Cloricromen

Cloricromen is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Coronary vasodilator.

## Synthesis

Base catalyzed alkylation of ethyl acetoacetate (1) with 2-chlorotriethylamine (2) gives compound (3). Separately, disulfonation of resorcinol (4) with 96% sulfuric acid gives the disulfonic acid (5). This is chlorinated with potassium chlorate to give 5-chloro-4,6-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (6). Removal of the sulfonate groups in dilute acid then gives 2-chlororesorcinol (7). An acid-catalyzed condensation reaction between (3) and (7) produces the intermediate (8). Ether formation at its phenolic hydroxyl group with ethyl bromoacetate (9) completes the synthesis of cloricromen.
# Cloyes-sur-Marne

Cloyes-sur-Marne (French pronunciation:, literally Cloyes on Marne) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Cleft Ledge

Cleft Ledge (77°32′S 160°53′E﻿ / ﻿77.533°S 160.883°E﻿ / -77.533; 160.883) is a flat-topped ridge 1 nautical mile (2 km) long and 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) wide between Shaw Trough and Healy Trough in the Labyrinth of Wright Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys. The ledge rises to 920 metres (3,020 ft) and is 0.3 nautical miles northwest of Hoffman Ledge. The name is descriptive and was recommended by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2004) because a central north-south hanging valley nearly divides the ledge in half.
# Clionoidea

Clionoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically naked (i.e. unshelled) pteropods, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Gymnosomata. They are sometimes called "sea angels" or "naked sea butterflies" along with the other superfamily in the Gymnosomata. They can be found anywhere from the surface to a depth of 350 meters. They are transparent and small, with the largest of the species being up to 5 cm.

## Common Clione

Some species of sea angel feed only on sea butterflies. The angels have terminal mouths with the radula common to mollusks, and tentacles to grasp their prey, sometimes with suckers similar to cephalopods. Their "wings" allow sea angels to swim much faster than the larger (usually fused) wings of sea butterflies.
Gymnosomes slowly beat their wing-like parapodia in a rowing motion to propel their perfectly-streamlined bodies through the upper 20 meters of the water column. Although usually slow moving, beating their wings once or twice per second, they are capable of bursts of speed when they need to pursue their prey, calling a separate suite of muscles into action to obtain the higher beat frequency. The IPCC reports that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is causing acidification of the oceans, which could eliminate pteropods from the Southern Ocean and cause serious repercussions throughout the food chain.

## Taxonomy

In the new taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the superfamily Clionoidea consists of the following families:
* Clionidae
* Cliopsidae
* Notobranchaeidae
* Pneumodermatidae
# Clioperla

Clioperla is a genus of green-winged Nearctic stoneflies in the family Perlodidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Clioperla clio.
# Cläre Hunsdiecker

Cläre Hunsdiecker (née Dieckmann) (1903–1995) was a German chemist who worked with her husband Heinz Hunsdiecker (1904–1981) to improve a reaction of Alexander Borodin now known as the Hunsdiecker reaction. They received both US and German patents for the work.

## Education

Hunsdiecker earned her Ph.D. from the University of Cologne.
For many years, it was believed that there was no photographic image of Hunsdiecker in existence. In 2020, an image was located by an undergraduate student at the University of Melbourne.
# Midshipman ordinary

Midshipman ordinary, or midshipman-by-order, refers to an obsolete rating for prospective officers in the British Royal Navy. The rating was specifically applied to graduates of the Royal Naval Academy who had earned their sea time in a classroom instead of serving at sea.

## History

In 1729, the Royal Naval Academy in Portsmouth, renamed the Royal Naval College in 1806, was founded, for 40 students between 13 and 16, who would take three years to complete a course of study defined in an illustrated book. After graduation students served on ships as midshipmen. The rating was used specifically for graduates of the Royal Naval College to distinguish them from midshipmen who had served previously aboard a ship, and were paid less than midshipmen. By 1816, the rating of midshipman ordinary was phased out, and all apprentice officers were rated as midshipmen. After 1830, Midshipman extraordinary was used to refer to Royal Naval College graduates who were serving on board a ship but were not rated as midshipmen by the captain.
# Midsommarkransen

Midsommarkransen (The Midsummer Wreath) is a suburban district of Stockholm with a history from 1775.
The underground metro station opened in 1964.
59°18′6″N 18°0′40″E﻿ / ﻿59.30167°N 18.01111°E﻿ / 59.30167; 18.01111
* This article about a location in Stockholm County, Sweden is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Midsommarkrans

A midsommarkrans (Swedish for 'Midsummer wreath') is a wreath made of flowers and leaves. A midsommarkrans is usually worn during the Midsummer celebrations in Sweden. It is the traditional headgear of a Sommar i P1 host during the presentation show in early June.
# Coalcleugh

Coalcleugh is a hamlet in Northumberland, England. It is situated in the Pennines between Penrith and Hexham. In the past it was well known as a lead mining centre. All of Coalcleugh's lead ore was smelted at Allenheads Mill at Dirtpot. At 1750ft (530m) above sea level, it is said to be the highest hamlet in England.

## Governance

Coalcleugh is in the parliamentary constituency of Hexham.
# Coalclaims

Coalclaims or Coal Health Claims is the collective name for two compensation schemes run by the UK Government. Responsibility for the claims lies with the Department of Energy and Climate Change which split off from the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) in October 2008. BERR itself was a rename of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
These schemes exist to compensate UK coal miners and their families in relation to respiratory disease and Vibration white finger (VWF). These are the biggest personal injury schemes in British legal history and possibly the world. The claims are processed for the government by Capita (formerly IRISC who were acquired by Aon Corporation who sold the IRISC part of their operation to Capita in 2004).
Claims are processed using a system known as ICMS (IRISC Claims Management System) which is as custom application written in FoxPro). This system integrates with the BCRDL (British Coal Respiratory Disease Litigation) Pension Loss Calculator that was developed by Workflow Consulting Limited under joint instruction from the British Government and the CSG (Claimant Solicitors Group).
Claimant solicitors can also track their cases using a government sponsored website the current version of this was built and is operated by Web Technology Group. Prior to 2003 it was operated by Integrated Solutions Consultants Ltd of Hemel Hempstead who used to have the domain www.isc.co.uk though this has now been resold.
For the BCRDL scheme calculators to calculate the portion of quantum attributable to the miner's exposure to coal dust and their pension loss can be downloaded from the BCRDL maintained by Workflow Consulting Limited.

## Coal Health Claims

Miners who worked at british coal also known as the National Coal Board can use the help for miners scheme and claim for industrial compensation using the Industrial disease benefit scheme or use the Help for Miners Compensation

## Controversy

As of November 2008, two solicitors who won personal injury claims for thousands of miners have appeared before a tribunal accused of taking cuts from compensation pay-outs. Jim Beresford, 58, and Douglas Smith, 51, from Beresfords Solicitors in Doncaster, denied 11 allegations of misconduct at the hearing in London.Jim Beresford was notably the highest paid solicitor in the UK for the year of 2006 as a consequence of Coalclaims work.
# Clivina pampicola

Clivina pampicola is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Jules Putzeys in 1866.
# Clivina parallela

Clivina parallela is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Lesne in 1896.
# 4th Independent Spirit Awards

The 4th Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best in independent filmmaking for 1988, were announced on March 25, 1989 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles. It was hosted by Buck Henry.

## Winners and nominees

| Best Feature | Best Director |
| Stand and Deliver Hairspray Patti Rocks The Thin Blue Line Torch Song Trilogy | Ramón Menéndez – Stand and Deliver David Burton Morris – Patti Rocks Errol Morris – The Thin Blue Line Oliver Stone – Talk Radio John Waters – Hairspray |
| Best Male Lead | Best Female Lead |
| Edward James Olmos – Stand and Deliver Eric Bogosian – Talk Radio Harvey Fierstein – Torch Song Trilogy Chris Mulkey – Patti Rocks James Woods – The Boost | Jodie Foster – Five Corners Ricki Lake – Hairspray Nobu McCarthy – The Wash Julia Roberts – Mystic Pizza Meg Ryan – Promised Land |
| Best Supporting Male | Best Supporting Female |
| Lou Diamond Phillips – Stand and Deliver Ernest Borgnine – Spike of Bensonhurst Divine – Hairspray John Lone – The Moderns John Turturro – Five Corners | Rosana De Soto – Stand and Deliver Bonnie Bedelia – The Prince of Pennsylvania Debbie Harry – Hairspray Amy Madigan – The Prince of Pennsylvania Patti Yasutake – The Wash |
| Best Screenplay | Best First Feature |
| Stand and Deliver – Ramón Menéndez and Tom Musca Five Corners – John Patrick Shanley Hairspray – John Waters The Moderns – Alan Rudolph and Jon Bradshaw Patti Rocks – John Jenkins, Karen Landry, David Burton Morris and Chris Mulkey | Mystic Pizza Border Radio – Allison Anders The Chocolate War The Prince of Pennsylvania The Wash |
| Best Cinematography | Best Foreign Film |
| The Unbearable Lightness of Being – Sven Nykvist The Moderns – Toyomichi Kurita Patti Rocks – Gregory Cummins Stand and Deliver – Tom Richmond Talk Radio – Robert Richardson | Wings of Desire • West Germany Bagdad Cafe • West Germany The Kitchen Toto • UK A World Apart • UK Yeelen • Mali |

### Films with multiple nominations and awards
#### Films that received multiple nominations

| Nominations | Film |
| 7 | Stand and Deliver |
| 6 | Hairspray |
| 5 | Patti Rocks |
| 3 | Five Corners |
| 3 | The Moderns |
| 3 | The Prince of Pennsylvania |
| 3 | Talk Radio |
| 3 | The Wash |
| 2 | Mystic Pizza |
| 2 | The Thin Blue Line |
| 2 | Torch Song Trilogy |

#### Films that won multiple awards

| Awards | Film |
| 6 | Stand and Deliver |

## Special awards
### Friends of Independence Award

* The National Coalition of Independent Public Broadcasting Producers
# 4th Infantry

4th Infantry may refer to:
* 2/4th Battalion (Australia)
* 4th Battalion (Australia)
* 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment (United States)
* 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
* 4th Infantry Division (India)
* 4th Infantry Division (Poland)
* 4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
* 4th Infantry Division (United States)
* 4th Infantry Regiment (United States)
* 4th New Guinea Infantry Battalion
* 4th Single Infantry Battalion (Estonia)
* The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry)