OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beryl J. Levine

Beryl Joyce Levine (née Choslovsky; November 9, 1935 – June 4, 2022) was a justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court from 1985 to 1996. Levine was the first ever female justice of the state's court.

## Education

Levine was born on November 9, 1935, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada to Bella and Maurice “Chick” Choslovsky. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Manitoba in 1964 and a Juris Doctor from the University of North Dakota School of Law in 1974.

## Career

After graduating law school, she worked at the Vogel Law Firm from 1974 until her appointment to the bench in 1985. On January 17, 1985, she was appointed to the North Dakota Supreme Court by Governor George A. Sinner, becoming the first woman ever appointed. She served for eleven years, resigning on March 1, 1996. In 1996, she was awarded the Margaret Brent Award and in 2005, she was also awarded the Sioux Award, the highest honor given by the University of North Dakota Alumni Association & Foundation for achievement, service and loyalty.

## Personal life

Levine married Dr. Leonard Levine on June 7, 1955, and he preceded her in death in 2020. She died on June 4, 2022, in San Mateo, California, aged 86.
# An Enemy of the State

An Enemy of the State is a 1965 British TV series. Originally shown on BBC Two, it was written by Ken Hughes and directed by James Cellan Jones. It focused on an electrical engineer who travelled to Moscow on business, and ended up on trial for his life when he was accused of espionage.
It ran for 6 episodes of 25 minutes.

## Cast

* Charles Tingwell as Harry Sutton
* James Maxwell as Col. Rykov
* Veronica Strong as Jennifer Sutton
* Steven Berkoff as Defence Counsel
# Michel Kayihura

Michel Kayihura (1924–2003) was a Rwandan politician and veterinarian.

## Early life

Michel Kayihura was born in 1924. The son of Chief Jean-Berchmans Manzi, he was a member of the Banyiginya clan and the Bakobwa lineage and was ethnically Tutsi. He was a younger brother of Jean-Baptiste Gahamanyi, who served as the Roman Catholic Bishop of Butare from 1962 to 1997.
Kayiruha enrolled at the Groupe Scolaire d'Astrida in 1936. After completing his basic studies in 1940 he began studying veterinary science. On 30 December 1942 he graduated at the top of his class with a diploma in veterinary science. In February 1943 he began work at the Kisenyi veterinary laboratory. He married Véronique Nyirakaragwe and had ten children with her.

## Political career

In July 1944 Kayihura was appointed Chief of Nyaruguru. He held this office until 1954, when he became Chief of Bugoyi. He was a close confidant of Mwami of Rwanda Mutara III Rudahigwa and accompanied him on his trip to Belgium in 1949. Kayihura also served as vice president of the Conseil Superior du Pays of Ruanda. He became a vice president of the Rwandese National Union (UNAR), an anticolonial political party, after its formation in 1959 and served as a leader of its progressive faction. In October, Governor Jean-Paul Harroy of Ruanda-Urundi attempted to transfer Kayihura from his chiefdom to head off political disorder. Kayihura and two other chiefs who had been reassigned resisted the move and refused to leave their jurisdictions. He was opposed to André Perraudin's prominent role in the Rwandan Catholic hierarchy.
Kayihura fled Ruanda in 1959 and went to Kenya, where he eventually obtained a doctorate in veterinary science. The UNAR restorationists formed a government-in-exile shortly before Rwanda's independence, with François Rukeba as Prime Minister. Upset by these developments, Kayihura went to the Congo. Internal disagreements led to a reforming of the government-in-exile in May 1963 with Kayihura as Prime Minister. By late 1964 the government was under a new prime minister but, undermined by internal disagreement and disorganisation, had mostly ceased to exist. Kayihura founded a rebel group, the Rwandese Liberation Front, and spent most of his time traveling between Geneva and Brussels to win foreign support for it.

## Later life

Kayihura returned to Rwanda after the 1994 Rwandan genocide. He died in 2003.
# Polisportiva CS Pisticci

Polisportiva Club Sportivo Pisticci is an Italian association football club, based in Pisticci, Basilicata.
The club was founded in 1960.
Pisticci in the season 2010–11, from Serie D group H relegated, in the play-out, to [Eccellenza Basilicata]. Now is a futsal team that milited in serie B.
The team's colors are yellow and blue.
# Musa Wali

Musa Wali is a village located south of Piplan on Piplan-Kallurkot Road on the left side of the Indus river. The original village used to be located much west from its present position but the inhabitants have had to shift their village at least twice due to flooding in the Indus. The population is around 10,000 according to 1998 census. Major castes living in Musa Wali are Aaheer and others are Arain, Awan, and Joyia (local Saraiki speaking). The people are mostly farmers.
* This article about a location in Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# BGTA

BGTA may refer to:
* BGTA, the ICAO code for Tasiusaq Heliport, Greenland
* BGTA, the Indian Railways station code for Bagra Tawa railway station, Madhya Pradesh, India
# Boynanlar, Yenice

Boynanlar is a village in the Yenice District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 218 (2021).
# Specialty doctor

Specialty Doctor is a contract for doctors working in hospitals in the UK NHS. The previous grades of Staff Grade and Associate Specialist were subsumed into this new grade when it was introduced in 2008. The Specialty Doctor role requires four years postgraduate experience, two in specialty, although many Specialty Doctors now have more than this. In 2021 a new senior contract for Specialty Doctors to progress to, the "Specialist" was introduced.
There are more than 9,000 Specialty Doctors in the UK and you are very likely to be seen by one if admitted to the care of a hospital specialist. Most report to a consultant but have many years of specialty experience and they are employed on a contract similar to that for consultants. Specialty Doctors usually perform more direct patient care than their consultant colleagues as they are not normally involved in management, yet will generally have more experience and skills than the majority of their colleagues in the training grades.
# 1971 Asian Weightlifting Championships

The 1971 Asian Weightlifting Championships were held at the auditorium of the Far Eastern University in Manila, Philippines between October 9 and October 11, 1971. Weightlifters from seven countries Iran, Israel, South Korea, Philippines, Australia (as guest nation), Indonesia and Taiwan competed in the tournament.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Flyweight 52 kg | Salvador del Rosario Philippines | 305.0 kg | Charlie Depthios Indonesia | 305.0 kg | Arturo Dandan Philippines | 295.0 kg |
| Bantamweight 56 kg | Mohammad Nassiri Iran | 335.0 kg | Kang Shin-ho South Korea | 322.5 kg | Ze'ev Friedman Israel | 300.0 kg |
| Featherweight 60 kg | Choi Mun-jae South Korea | 355.0 kg | Chung Young-duk South Korea | 345.0 kg | Amir Darmanki Iran | 340.0 kg |
| Lightweight 67.5 kg | Nasrollah Dehnavi Iran | 425.0 kg | Won Shin-hee South Korea | 420.0 kg | Madek Kasman Indonesia | 390.0 kg |
| Middleweight 75 kg | Rudy Tilaar Indonesia | 357.5 kg | Reynaldo Madrid Philippines | 347.5 kg | Federico Ferrer Philippines | 345.0 kg |
| Light heavyweight 82.5 kg | Ebrahim Pourdejam Iran | 425.0 kg | David Berger Israel | 422.5 kg | Park Moon-soo South Korea | 407.5 kg |
| Middle heavyweight 90 kg | Ali Vali Iran | 435.0 kg | Kwan Oh-sik South Korea | 415.0 kg | Sutanto Hartono Indonesia | 350.0 kg |
| Heavyweight 110 kg | Houshang Kargarnejad Iran | 472.5 kg | Yun Sook-woon South Korea | 465.0 kg | Nasser Doroudian Iran | 440.0 kg |
| Super heavyweight +110 kg | Abdul Rosjid Indonesia | 402.5 kg | Adnan Hodroj Israel | 390.0 kg | Akbar Shokrollahi Iran | 385.0 kg |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Iran | 5 | 0 | 3 | 8 |
| 2 | Indonesia | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | South Korea | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 |
| 4 | Philippines | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 5 | Israel | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |

## Team ranking

| Rank | Team | Points |
| 1 | Iran | 47 |
| 2 | South Korea | 36 |
| 3 | Indonesia | 32 |
| 4 | Philippines | 31 |
| 5 | Israel | 14 |
| 6 | Republic of China | 7 |
# An Enemy to the King (film)

An Enemy to the King is a 1916 silent film directed by Frederick A. Thomson.
The screenplay is based on the play An Enemy to the King by Robert Neilson Stephens which was first performed on Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre on 1 September 1896.

## Plot

In sixteenth-century France, Julie de Varion is told that her father, a Huguenot sympathiser, may be freed if she helps to capture Ernanton De Launay, an enemy of the king. In a tavern Julie meets a man who promises to bring her to Ernanton. In reality, the man in the tavern is Ernanton himself, who soon falls in love with Julie. He kills his own servant when the latter insists that she is a spy. In the end he discovers that Julie is working for the king, but, at the moment of betraying him, she refuses to hand him over to the king's men because she too has fallen in love. Ernanton follows her to the palace and gives himself up in order to save her father. When the Huguenots attack the palace, Julie's father is freed and Ernanton makes his escape.

## Production

The film was produced by the Vitagraph Company of America.

## Distribution

Distributed by Greater Vitagraph (V-L-S-E, Incorporated), the film opened in US cinemas on 26 November 1916.

## Cast

* E.H. Sothern: Ernanton de Launay
* Edith Storey: Julie De Varion
* John S. Robertson (as John Robertson): Claude Le Chastre
* Frederick Lewis (as Fred Lewis): Gauillaume Montignac
* Brinsley Shaw: Enrico, viscount de Berguin
* Rowland Buckstone: Blaise Tripault
* Mildred Manning: Jeanotte
* Pierre Collosse (as Pierre Colosse): Rougin
* Charles Mussett (as Charles Muzitt): Henry of Navarre
* Denton Vane: King Henry III
* John Ardizoni (as Adrizonu): the Duc de Guise
# Michel Kelly-Gagnon

Michel Kelly-Gagnon is a Canadian lawyer and businessman born in 1971. He graduated in law from the Université de Montréal and was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1994. He is currently the president and CEO of the Montreal Economic Institute.

## Career

After practicing law with Colas & Associates, Kelly-Gagnon went into business as an associate of Formatrad, an in-house employee training firm. In 1998, he assumed leadership of the Montreal Economic Institute (MEI). The annual budget was $15,000 in 1998 and rose to $1 400 393 by 2005. To achieve this growth, he explained that he raised funds from corporations and wealthy individuals in Canada and the US by offering to represent their interests.
In 2006, he became the president of the Quebec Employers Council where he changed an operational deficit of $110,196 the year before his arrival, into a $205,804 surplus after his first year. In 2009, he returned to the MEI as president and moved the organisation from a $269,342 deficit for financial year ending December 31, 2008 to a $153,188 surplus (as of December 31, 2009) in the context of a severe recession. From 2006 to 2009, he also served on the board of directors of Quebec Workers Compensation Board (CSST). He is also member of the Mont Pelerin Society, president of the advisory committee of Global Ressources Humaines, and he is in the board of directors of the Fondation universitaire Pierre Arbour, the John W. Dobson Foundation, and the Canadian Youth Business Foundation (CYBF).
Kelly-Gagnon was one of six individuals from the province of Quebec honoured in Canada’s Top 40 Under 40 2008 awards.

## Published books

* Chroniques économiques : Des idées pour démystifier les politiques publiques (Montreal: Varia, 2004).

### Other

* Un budget assorti à la réalité politique, Montreal Economic Institute (April 2010), URL: http://www.iedm.org/main/show_editorials_fr.php?editorials_id=831
* Un dialogue crucial – Le Québec aurait tort de maintenir une attitude négative envers l’Alberta, Montreal Economic Institute (January 2010), URL: http://www.iedm.org/main/show_editorials_fr.php?editorials_id=804
* Trust the owners - Companies need flexibility in choosing how much to pay their executives, Montreal Economic Institute (January 2010), URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20100315171850/http://www.iedm.org/main/show_editorials_fr.php?editorials_id=798
* Business elite deserves big bucks: Executive pay should concern only shareholders – nobody else, Montreal Economic Institute (January 2010), URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20100315172034/http://www.iedm.org/main/show_editorials_fr.php?editorials_id=799
* Le Point sur l'explosion des dépenses du gouvernement fédéral américain, Montreal Economic Institute (March 2009), URL: http://www.iedm.org/uploaded/pdf/point0309.pdf
# Bad control

In statistics, bad controls are variables that introduce an unintended discrepancy between regression coefficients and the effects that said coefficients are supposed to measure. These are contrasted with confounders which are "good controls" and need to be included to remove omitted variable bias. This issue arises when a bad control is an outcome variable (or similar to) in a causal model and thus adjusting for it would eliminate part of the desired causal path. In other words, bad controls might as well be dependent variables in the model under consideration. Angrist and Pischke (2008) additionally differentiate two types of bad controls: a simple bad-control scenario and proxy-control scenario where the included variable partially controls for omitted factors but is partially affected by the variable of interest. Pearl (1995) provides a graphical method for determining good controls using causality diagrams and the back-door criterion and front-door criterion.

## Examples
### Simple bad control

A simplified example studies effect of education on wages $W$. In this thought experiment, two levels of education $E$ are possible: lower and higher and two types of jobs $T$ are performed: white-collar and blue-collar work. When considering the causal effect of education on wages of an individual, it might be tempting to control for the work-type $T$, however, work type is a mediator ($E\to T\to W$) in the causal relationship between education and wages (see causal diagram) and thus, controlling for it precludes causal inference from the regression coefficients.

### Bad proxy-control

Another example of bad control is when attempting to control for innate ability when estimating effect of education $E$ on wages $W$. In this example, innate ability $I$ (thought of as for example IQ at pre-school age) is a variable influencing wages $W$, but its value is unavailable to researchers at the time of estimation. Instead they choose before-work IQ test scores $L$, or late ability, as a proxy variable to estimate innate ability and perform regression from education to wages adjusting for late ability. Unfortunately, late ability (in this thought experiment) is causally determined by education and innate ability and, by controlling for it, researchers introduced collider bias into their model by opening a back-door path $E\to L\leftarrow I\to W$ previously not present in their model. On the other hand, if both links $E\to L$ and $I\to L$ are strong, one can expect strong (non-causal) correlation between $I$ and $E$ and thus large omitted-variable bias if $I$ is not controlled for. This issue, however, is separate from the causality problem.
# Neocolpodes subimpressus

Neocolpodes subimpressus is a species in the beetle family Carabidae. It is found in Madagascar.
# Boyn Ridge

Boyn Ridge (69°7′S 71°48′W﻿ / ﻿69.117°S 71.800°W﻿ / -69.117; -71.800) is the northernmost ridge of the Havre Mountains, north Alexander Island, Antarctica. Situated 5.6 km north-northwest of Satovcha Peak. Following geological work by the British Antarctic Survey, 1976–77, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after Charles Boyn, Director, Agence General Maritime, France, who superintended the building of the expedition ship Pourquoi-Pas? of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10.
# Spice SE92P

The Spice SE92P is an IMSA GTP sports prototype race car, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer Spice Engineering, for sports car racing, in 1992.
# List of highways numbered 718

The following highways are numbered 718:

## Costa Rica

* National Route 718

## United States

* SR 718
* PA 718
* PR-718
* FM 718
* SR 718
| Preceded by 717 | Lists of highways 718 | Succeeded by 719 |
# National Judicial Institute (Nigeria)

The National Judicial Institute (NJI) is the institution in charge of training and evaluation of judicial officers in Nigeria.
Official website for the National Judicial Institute Nigeria is nji.gov.ng

## Establishment

The National Judicial Institute Act (1991 No. 28. Section 2), states the functions of the National Judicial Institute as thus:
* "conduct courses for all categories of judicial officers and their supporting staff with a view to expanding and improving their overall knowledge and performance in their different sections of service;"
* "provide continuing education for all categories of judicial officers by undertaking, organizing, conducting and facilitating study courses, lectures, seminars, workshops, conferences and other programmes related to judicial education."
# 3rd Division (Reichswehr)

The 3rd Division was a unit of the Reichswehr.

## Creation

In the Order of 31 July 1920 for the Reduction of the Army (to comply with the upper limits on the size of the military contained in the Treaty of Versailles), it was determined that a division would be established in every Wehrkreis (military district) by 1 October 1920. The 3rd Division was formed in January 1921 out of the Reichswehr's 3rd, 6th, and 15th Brigades, all part of the former Übergangsheer (Transition Army).
It consisted of 3 infantry regiments, an artillery regiment, an engineering battalion, a signals battalion, a transportation battalion, and a medical battalion.
The commander of Wehrkreis III was simultaneously the commander of the 3rd Division. For the leadership of the troops, an Infanterieführer and an Artillerieführer were appointed, both subordinated to the commander of the division.
The unit ceased to exist as such after October 1934 and its subordinate units were transferred to one of the 21 new divisions created in that year.

## Divisional commanders

* General der Artillerie Hermann Rumschöttel (1 October 1920 – 16 June 1921)
* General der Infanterie Richard von Berendt (16 June 1921 – 3 August 1921)
* General der Kavallerie Rudolf von Horn (3 August 1921 – 31 January 1926)
* General der Infanterie Otto Hasse (1 February 1926 – 1 April 1929)
* General der Infanterie Rudolf Schniewindt (1 April 1929 – 1 October 1929)
* General der Infanterie Joachim von Stülpnagel (1 October 1929 – 1 February 1932)
* General der Infanterie Gerd von Rundstedt (1 February 1932 – 1 October 1932)
* Generalleutnant Werner von Fritsch (1 October 1932 – 1 February 1934)

### Infanterieführers

* Generalmajor Karl von Fabeck (1 October 1920 - 31 March 1921)
* Generalmajor Ernst Hasse (1 April 1921 - 31 March 1922)
* Generalmajor Gottfried Edelbüttel (1 April 1922 - 31 January 1925)
* Generalmajor Friedrich Freiherr von Esebeck (1 February 1925 - 31 October 1926)
* Generalmajor Heinrich von Bünau (1 November 1926 - 31 January 1929)
* Generalleutnant Wolfgang Fleck (1 February 1929 - 30 April 1931)
* Generalmajor Hugo Zeitz (1 May 1931 - 30 September 1931)
* Generalmajor Ulrich von Waldow (1 October 1931 - 31 January 1933)
* Generalmajor Maximilian von Weichs (1 February 1933 - 30 September 1933)
* Generalmajor Wilhelm Keitel (1 October 1933 - 30 September 1934)
* Generalmajor Hermann Hoth (1 October 1934 - 15 October 1935)

### Artillerieführers

* Generalmajor Theodor Endres (1 November 1930 - 30 September 1931)
* Generalmajor Günther von Kluge (1 November 1931 - 30 September 1933)
* Generalmajor Wilhelm Keitel (1 October 1933 - 31 March 1934)

## Garrison

The divisional headquarters was in Berlin.
# Multivalued treatment

In statistics, in particular in the design of experiments, a multi-valued treatment is a treatment that can take on more than two values. It is related to the dose-response model in the medical literature.

## Description

Generally speaking, treatment levels may be finite or infinite as well as ordinal or cardinal, which leads to a large collection of possible treatment effects to be studied in applications. One example is the effect of different levels of program participation (e.g. full-time and part-time) in a job training program.
Assume there exists a finite collection of multi-valued treatment status $T=\{0,1,2,\ldots ,J,\}$ with J some fixed integer. As in the potential outcomes framework, denote $Y(j)\subset R$ the collection of potential outcomes under the treatment J, and $Y=\textstyle \sum _{j=0}^{J}\displaystyle D_{j}Y(j)$ denotes the observed outcome and $D_{j}$ is an indicator that equals 1 when the treatment equals j and 0 when it does not equal j, leading to a fundamental problem of causal inference. A general framework that analyzes ordered choice models in terms of marginal treatment effects and average treatment effects has been extensively discussed by Heckman and Vytlacil.
Recent work in the econometrics and statistics literature has focused on estimation and inference for multivalued treatments and ignorability conditions for identifying the treatment effects. In the context of program evaluation, the propensity score has been generalized to allow for multi-valued treatments, while other work has also focused on the role of the conditional mean independence assumption. Other recent work has focused more on the large sample properties of an estimator of the marginal mean treatment effect conditional on a treatment level in the context of a difference-in-differences model, and on the efficient estimation of multi-valued treatment effects in a semiparametric framework.
# (177049) 2003 EE16

(177049) 2003 EE$_{16}$, provisionally known as 2003 EE16, is an Apollo near-Earth asteroid and potentially hazardous object. It was discovered on 8 March 2003 by LPL/Spacewatch II at an apparent magnitude of 20 using a 1.8-meter (71 in) reflecting telescope. It has an estimated diameter of 320 meters (1,050 ft). The asteroid was listed on Sentry Risk Table with a Torino Scale rating of 1 on 2 April 2003.

## Description

Many of the virtual impactors were located near the nominal orbital solution and the asteroid has a low inclination relative to Earth's orbit. Observation by the Very Large Telescope (VLT) 8 meter facilities on 22 May and 19 June 2003 when 2003 EE$_{16}$ was very dim with an apparent magnitude between 24–25 refined the orbit. It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 28 May 2003.
2003 EE$_{16}$ has the smallest Earth Minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) of any known potentially hazardous asteroid. The Earth MOID is 0.0000475 AU (7,110 km; 4,420 mi). Asteroids with a smaller Earth MOID are less than ~100 meters in diameter such as 2013 XY8 and 2010 TD54. Earth impactors 2008 TC3 and 2014 AA had small Earth MOID values as they were on their impact approach when discovered.
Close-approaches to Earth :
| Date | Distance from Earth |
| 2014-07-01 | 0.0966 AU (14,450,000 km; 8,980,000 mi) (37.6 LD) |
| 2041-07-01 | 0.0992 AU (14,840,000 km; 9,220,000 mi) (38.6 LD) |
| 2067-01-31 | 0.0874 AU (13,070,000 km; 8,120,000 mi) (34.0 LD) |
| 2094-01-30 | 0.0747 AU (11,170,000 km; 6,940,000 mi) (29.1 LD) |
| 2122-07-04 | 0.0743 AU (11,120,000 km; 6,910,000 mi) (28.9 LD) |
| 2149-07-06 | 0.0518 AU (7,750,000 km; 4,820,000 mi) (20.2 LD) |
| 2175-02-02 | 0.0802 AU (12,000,000 km; 7,460,000 mi) (31.2 LD) |