# Orders of magnitude (molar concentration)

This page lists examples of the orders of magnitude of molar concentration. Source values are parenthesized where unit conversions were performed.
M denotes the non-SI unit molar:
    1 M = 1 mol/L = 10$^{−3}$ mol/m$^3$.

## All orders

List of orders of magnitude for molar concentration :
| Factor (Molarity) | SI prefix | Value | Item |
| 10$^{−24}$ | yM | 1.66 yM | 1 elementary entity per litre |
| 10$^{−24}$ | yM | 8.5 yM | airborne bacteria in the upper troposphere (5100/m$^3$) |
| 10$^{−23}$ | yM | | |
| 10$^{−22}$ | yM | | |
| 10$^{−21}$ | zM | 3.6 zM | solar neutrinos on Earth (6.5×10$^{10}$ /cm$^2$⋅s) |
| 10$^{−20}$ | zM | 12 zM | radon in ambient, outdoor air in the United States (0.4 pCi/L ≈ 7000/L) |
| 10$^{−19}$ | zM | 120 zM | indoor radon at the EPA's "action level" (4 pCi/L ≈ 70000/L) |
| 10$^{−19}$ | zM | 686 zM | cosmic microwave background photons in outer space (413/cm$^3$) |
| 10$^{−18}$ | aM | | |
| 10$^{−17}$ | aM | | |
| 10$^{−16}$ | aM | | |
| 10$^{−15}$ | fM | 2 fM | bacteria in surface seawater (1×10$^9$/L) |
| 10$^{−14}$ | fM | 20 fM | virions in surface layer North Atlantic seawater (10×10$^9$/L) |
| 10$^{−14}$ | fM | 50–100 fM | gold in seawater |
| 10$^{−13}$ | fM | | |
| 10$^{−12}$ | pM | 7.51–9.80 pM | normal range for erythrocytes in blood in an adult male ((4.52–5.90)×10$^{12}$/L) |
| 10$^{−11}$ | pM | 10–100 pM | gold in undersea hydrothermal fluids |
| 10$^{−10}$ | pM | 170 pM | upper bound for healthy insulin when fasting |
| 10$^{−9}$ | nM | 5 nM | inhaled osmium tetroxide is immediately dangerous to life or health (1 mg Os/m$^3$) |
| 10$^{−8}$ | nM | | |
| 10$^{−7}$ | nM | 101 nM | hydronium and hydroxide ions in pure water at 25 °C (pK$_W$ = 13.99) |
| 10$^{−6}$ | μM | | |
| 10$^{−5}$ | μM | | |
| 10$^{−4}$ | μM | 180–480 μM | normal range for uric acid in blood |
| 10$^{−4}$ | μM | 570 μM | inhaled carbon monoxide induces unconsciousness in 2–3 breaths and death in < 3 min (12800 ppm) |
| 10$^{−3}$ | mM | 0.32–32 mM | normal range of hydronium ions in stomach acid (pH 1.5–3.5) |
| 10$^{−3}$ | mM | 5.5 mM | upper bound for healthy blood glucose when fasting |
| 10$^{−3}$ | mM | 7.8 mM | upper bound for healthy blood glucose 2 hours after eating |
| 10$^{−2}$ | cM | 20 mM | neutrinos during a supernova, 1 AU from the core (10$^{58}$ over 10 s) |
| 10$^{−2}$ | cM | 44.6 mM | pure ideal gas at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa |
| 10$^{−1}$ | dM | 140 mM | sodium ions in blood plasma |
| 10$^{−1}$ | dM | 480 mM | sodium ions in seawater |
| 10$^0$ | M | 1 M | standard state concentration for defining thermodynamic activity |
| 10$^1$ | daM | 17.5 M | pure (glacial) acetic acid (1.05 g/cm$^3$) |
| 10$^1$ | daM | 40 M | pure solid hydrogen (86 g/L) |
| 10$^1$ | daM | 55.5 M | pure water at 3.984 °C, temperature of its maximum density (1.0000 g/cm$^3$) |
| 10$^2$ | hM | 118.8 M | pure osmium at 20 °C (22.587 g/cm$^3$) |
| 10$^2$ | hM | 140.5 M | pure copper at 25 °C (8.93 g/cm$^3$) |
| 10$^3$ | kM | | |
| 10$^4$ | kM | 24 kM | helium in the solar core (150 g/cm$^3$ ⋅ 65%) |
| 10$^5$ | kM | | |
| 10$^6$ | MM | | |
| 10$^7$ | MM | | |
| 10$^8$ | MM | 122.2 MM | nuclei in a white dwarf from a 3 M$_☉$ progenitor star (10$^{6.349}$ g/cm$^3$) |
| 10$^9$ | GM | | |
| 10$^{10}$ | GM | | |
| 10$^{11}$ | GM | | |
| 10$^{12}$ | TM | | |
| 10$^{13}$ | TM | | |
| 10$^{14}$ | TM | | |
| 10$^{15}$ | PM | | |
| 10$^{16}$ | PM | | |
| 10$^{17}$ | PM | 228 PM | nucleons in atomic nuclei (2.3×10$^{17}$ kg/m$^3$ = 1.37×10$^{44}$/m$^3$) |
| 10$^{18}$ | EM | | |
| 10$^{77}$ | | 3.9×10$^{77}$ M | the Planck concentration (2.4×10$^{104}$/m$^3$), inverse of the Planck volume |

## SI multiples

SI multiples of molar (M) :
| Submultiples | Submultiples | Submultiples | Multiples | Multiples | Multiples |
| Value | SI symbol | Name | Value | SI symbol | Name |
| 10$^{−1}$ M | dM | decimolar | 10$^1$ M | daM | decamolar |
| 10$^{−2}$ M | cM | centimolar | 10$^2$ M | hM | hectomolar |
| 10$^{−3}$ M | mM | millimolar | 10$^3$ M | kM | kilomolar |
| 10$^{−6}$ M | μM | micromolar | 10$^6$ M | MM | megamolar |
| 10$^{−9}$ M | nM | nanomolar | 10$^9$ M | GM | gigamolar |
| 10$^{−12}$ M | pM | picomolar | 10$^{12}$ M | TM | teramolar |
| 10$^{−15}$ M | fM | femtomolar | 10$^{15}$ M | PM | petamolar |
| 10$^{−18}$ M | aM | attomolar | 10$^{18}$ M | EM | examolar |
| 10$^{−21}$ M | zM | zeptomolar | 10$^{21}$ M | ZM | zettamolar |
| 10$^{−24}$ M | yM | yoctomolar | 10$^{24}$ M | YM | yottamolar |
| 10$^{−27}$ M | rM | rontomolar | 10$^{27}$ M | RM | ronnamolar |
| 10$^{−30}$ M | qM | quectomolar | 10$^{30}$ M | QM | quettamolar |