OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cultural pessimism

Cultural pessimism arises with the conviction that the culture of a nation, a civilization, or humanity itself is in a process of irreversible decline. It is a variety of pessimism formulated by a cultural critic.

## Traditional versions

It has been significant presence in the general outlook of many historical cultures: things are "going to the dogs", the Golden age is in the past, and the current generation is fit only for dumbing down and cultural careerism. Some significant formulations have gone beyond this, proposing a universally-applicable cyclic model of history—notably in the writings of Giambattista Vico.

## Nineteenth century

The pessimistic element was available in Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy and Matthew Arnold's cultural criticism. The tide of Whiggish optimism (exemplified by Macaulay) receded somewhat in the middle of the reign of Queen Victoria.
Classical culture, based on traditional classical scholarship in Latin and Greek literature, had itself been under attack externally for two generations or more by 1900, and had produced, in Friedrich Nietzsche, a model pessimistic thinker.

## Early twentieth century

Cultural pessimism of the Oswald Spengler epoch might be seen as a refusal of the rather intellectual and secular choice between nihilism and modernism. Politically this tended to squeeze liberal thought.
Specific criticism of the West, in the first years of the twentieth century, is usually taken as of the Old World of Europe, excluding therefore North America in particular. The classic source for this is Spengler's The Decline of the West (1918–1923), often cited in the years following its publication. The tone of much of the critical writing, for example, of T. S. Eliot, and the historical writing of Arnold J. Toynbee from the 1920s onwards, is identifiable. It was fashionable to say that Spengler had at least formulated some truths about the cultural situation of Europe after World War I. Eliot's major early work The Waste Land (1922) was commonly and directly interpreted in those terms.

## Contemporary proponents

Towards the end of the 20th century, cultural pessimism surfaced in a prominent way. The very title of Jacques Barzun's From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present (2000) challenges the reader to be hopeful. On Matthew Arnold, a major cultural critic of the Victorian era, Barzun writes:
   According to Arnold, the behaviour of the English social classes was touched neither by spiritual nor by intellectual forces; the upper orders were barbarians, the middle classes philistines. (op. cit. p.573)
The end of the millennium saw in the United States concerns rather specific to the conservative view on the culture wars and university education. Western Europe, on the other hand, struggled towards self-definition in the face of limiting demography, and postmodernism as at least journalistically predominant—the difference primarily lying in the political prominence of the issues.
# Naked goby

Naked goby is a common name for several fishes and may refer to:
* Croilia mossambica, a species of goby native to Mozambique and South Africa
* Gobiosoma bosc, a species of goby native to the east coast of North America
# Célia

Célia Regina Cruz, better known as Célia (September 8, 1947 – September 29, 2017), was a Brazilian singer.

## Career

Célia began her musical career on the TV show Um Instante, Maestro! in 1970, debuting her self-titled album, which was produced with Discos Continental. It featured songs from songwriters like Joyce, Lô Borges, Ivan Lins, Nelson Angelo, and Rogério Duprat. Her second album, released in 1972, which was also self-titled, featured songs written by Marcos Valle, Erasmo Carlos, and Tom Jobim. Both albums were arranged by Arthur Verocai. At this time, she appeared on his self-titled album on the track "Seriado".
Célia performed in Italy, France, Brazil, and other countries in Latin America. At one point, Célia performed in Monaco for Prine Rainier III. She also hosted the TV show Qual é a Música? for some time.
Célia's greatest success in Brazil was for her cover of "Onde Estão Os Tamborins?", or "Where Are The Tamborins?" in English, which was released as a single in 1975. She was also well known for her cover of "Adeus Batucada," or "Farewell Batucada" in English.
Since album repressings by Mr Bongo and Warner Music and the sampling of her recording "David" in "Opaul" by rapper Freddie Dredd, Célia has seen a resurgence of popularity, particularly among younger generations.

## Death

Célia died in 2017 due to lung cancer, after being hospitalized for a month.

## Discography
### Albums

* Célia (1970)
* Célia (1972)
* Célia (1975)
* Célia (1977)
* Amor (1982)
* Meu Caro (1983)
* Louca De Saudade (1993)
* Pra Fugir Da Saudade – Canções De Paulinho Da Viola (2000)
* Faço No Tempo Soar Minha Sílaba (2007)
* O Lado Oculto Das Canções – Célia 40 Anos (2010)
* Aquilo Que A Gente Diz (2015)

### Singles

* Adeus Batucada / Blues (1970)
* Nasci Numa Manhã De Carnaval / Sem Palavras (1971)
* A Hora É Essa / Na Boca Do Sol (1972)
* Badalação (Bahia, Volume 2) / Detalhes (1972)
* Detalhes / Em Familia (1973)
* Ponto De Encontro / É Tempo De Matar Saudade (1973)
* Azucri / Tatuagem (1974)
* Onde Estão Os Tamborins / Pomba Branca (1975)
* Guarânia Guarani / Fogo, Por Favor (1981)
* Brasil Canta Na Itália (1984)
* A Hora é Essa / Ei, Você, Psiu! (2016)
* Zózoio Como É Que É / Para Lennon E McCartney (2017)
* Dominus Tecum / Vida De Artista (unknown)
* Badalação (Bahia Vol. 2) / Dez Bilhões De Neurônios (unknown)

### EPs

* No Clarão Da Lua Cheia (1971)
* O Rei Que Não Sabia De Nada (1982)

### Compilations

* 15 Anos (1986)
* Célia (2011)
* Outros Românticos (2012)
# Ledecký

Ledecký (feminine Ledecká) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dagmar Ledecká (1925–2021), Czech ballerina
* Daniela Ledecká, Slovak hurdler
* David Ledecký (born 1993), Czech footballer
* Ester Ledecká (born 1995), Czech skier and snowboarder
* Janek Ledecký (born 1962), Czech musician
* Jon Ledecky (born 1958), American businessman
* Katie Ledecky (born 1997), American swimmer
# Dianalund

Dianalund is a railway town on the west central part of the island of Zealand, Denmark. It has a population of 4,093 (1 January 2024), making it the second largest town in Sorø Municipality.
Dianalund was the municipal seat of the former Dianalund Municipality, until 1 January 2007.
Kolonien Filadelfia, the only epilepsy hospital in Denmark, is located in the town.
Dianalund is served by Dianalund railway station, located on the Tølløse railway line.
# Lennox Island 1

Lennox Island 1 is a Mi'kmaq reserve located in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. In the 2021 Census, the reserve has 308 residents.
Lennox Island 1 comprises the entirety of the island named Lennox Island.
It is administratively part of the Lennox Island First Nation.

## History

The Mi'kmaq have inhabited the lands comprising present-day Prince Edward Island for over 10,000 years.
The reserve named Lennox Island 1 is notable for being the first reserve in Canada owned by its people, having been purchased in 1878 by the Aboriginal Protection Society.
In 1973 the Lennox Island Bridge opened, connecting the island to Prince Edward Island.
# Beauvau

Beauvau may refer to:

## Places

* Beauvau, Maine-et-Loire, France
* Place Beauvau, site of the Ministry of the Interior in Paris

## Names

* House of Beauvau, a historic noble family from Anjou
** Marc de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (1679–1754), viceroy, administrator of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
** Marie Françoise Catherine de Beauvau-Craon (1711–1787), marquise de Boufflers, mistress of King Stanislas I
** Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (1720–1793), marshal of France
# Body of penis

The body or shaft of the penis is the free portion of the human penis that is located outside of the pelvic cavity. It is the continuation of the internal root, which is embedded in the pelvis and extends to the glans. It is made up of the two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum on the underside. The corpora cavernosa are intimately bound to one another with a dorsally fenestrated septum, which becomes a complete one before the penile crura. The body of the penis is homologous to the female clitoral body.

## Structure

The body of the penis is suspended from the pubic symphysis. It has two surfaces; the dorsal and the ventral or urethral. The penile raphe runs on its ventral surface.
The body is surrounded by a bi-layered model of tunica albuginea in which a distal ligament buttresses the glans penis and plays an integral role to the penile fibroskeleton, and the structure is called "os analog", a term coined by Geng Long Hsu in the Encyclopedia of Reproduction. This indispensable structure is a continuation of the body of the human penis, differing from other mammalian penises, in that it has no baculum (or erectile bone) and instead relies exclusively on engorgement with blood to reach its erect state. It is a remnant of the baculum that evolved likely due to change in mating practice.
A shallow groove, which marks their junction on the upper surface lodges the deep dorsal vein of the penis, which is flanked by a pair of cavernosal veins of the penis, while a deeper and wider groove between them on the surface below contains the corpus spongiosum. The body is ensheathed by fascia, which includes tunica albuginea, Buck's fascia, dermis, and skin.
# Christian CND

Christian CND (CCND) is a 'Specialist Section' of CND, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and has existed since 1960. CCND is made up of individual Christians of various denominations who oppose nuclear weapons and who campaign for peace. The organisation has an elected executive of ten members, has an office in London and publishes a journal called 'Ploughshare' four times a year. Its symbol combines the original CND sign (commonly referred to as the 'Peace' sign) with images of a cross and a dove holding an olive branch.
Christian CND is a member of the Network of Christian Peace Organisations.
NOTE. College CND also used the abbreviation CCND.

## History

Founded in 1960, chaired by Sidney Hinkes from 1964.
In 1981 it was expanded and reorganised on a more permanent basis with its own membership, newsletter and administration, and considerable autonomy in forming its own policies. It organised many conferences at local and national level as well as acts of protest, liturgies and services at bases and government sites. Its members were also involved in letter writing, lobbying and educating for peace and disarmament. There were also several Christian CND local groups around the UK.
# Pierre Béarn

Pierre Béarn (French:; 15 June 1902 – 27 October 2004) was a French writer. He was born Louis-Gabriel Besnard in Bucharest, Romania.
He is known to Anglophones for his poem "Couleurs d'usine", which includes the line Métro, boulot, bistrots, mégots, dodo, zéro (translation: "Subway, work, bars, (cigarette) butts, sleep, nothing")

## Biography

A multifaceted personality—at one time a journalist, novelist, poet, fabulist and humanist—, at age nine Béarn began writing in French slang, his "natural" language.
His father having died prematurely, at the age of 14 he became a mechanic to financially support his mother. This working life inspired the poem from which came one of the May 1968 protest slogans "métro-boulot-dodo" ("subway-work-sleep") that denounced the shocking workers' conditions at the time.
While commanding a trawler to aid the French evacuations in 1940, he was captured and was detained in the concentration camp at Aintree. His poems from that point onwards centred on the sea and the war.
After the war he took a post as a press attaché in Africa. In 1969, he created a quarterly magazine for himself alone: Le Lien (The Link). In 1975, he withdrew to Montlhéry where the peace allowed him to write many fables.
In 1998, the first volume of his complete works was published: L'arc en ciel de ma vie (The rainbow of my life). This was followed in 1999 by volume 2, 300 fables d'aujourd'hui (300 fables of today). The third volume, Couleurs charnelles (Carnal colours), was released just months before his death on October 27, 2004, during his 102nd year.
While generally ignored by the wider public, Béarn received a number of literary prizes such as the Prix de Verlaine (1940), the Grand Prix International de Poésie awarded by General Charles de Gaulle in 1971, the Grand prix de l'Académie française in 1981 and again in 1995 for his fables.
He also received the Médaille de la Résistance for his participation in the Liberation of Paris in 1944 and the Légion d'honneur in 1990 from François Mitterrand. He was also named Officer of the Ordre national du Mérite in 1995 by Jacques Chirac, and Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2000 by the minister of culture, Catherine Tasca.

## Quotes

   Au déboulé garçon pointe ton numéro Pour gagner ainsi le salaire D'un morne jour utilitaire Métro, boulot, bistro, mégots, dodo, zéro
# Montague, Missouri

Montague is an unincorporated community in western Christian County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Tory Creek, west of Highlandville.

## History

A post office called Montague was established in 1905, and remained in operation until 1908. The origin of the name Montague is obscure.
# Nailloux

Nailloux (French pronunciation:; Languedocien: Nalhós) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Twin towns

Nailloux is twinned with:
* Canfranc, Spain
* Bucium, Romania
# Agonidium nepalense

Agonidium nepalense is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Platyninae. It was described by Habu in 1973.
# Ampelonas (disambiguation)

Ampelonas (Greek: Αμπελώνας), may refer to several places in Greece:
* Ampelonas, a municipal unit in the Larissa regional unit
* Ampelonas, Elis, a village in the municipality of Pyrgos, Elis
* Ampelonas, Thesprotia, a village in the municipality of Filiates
# Lennart Heimer

Lennart Heimer (11 March 1930 – 12 March 2007), was a Swedish-American neuroscientist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Virginia. He was most noted for mapping circuits of the brain in the limbic lobe and basal ganglia, structures that play central roles in emotion processing and movement.

## Background

Heimer was born in Östersund, Sweden. He completed his medical training at the University of Gothenburg. In 1965, Heimer was recruited to join the faculty at the MIT Department of Psychology and Brain Science.

## Research

Heimer's first notable achievement was the development of the Fink-Heimer silver stain for mapping the smallest ends of axons in the brain. With this and other tract-tracing techniques, he made his most well known contribution: a new structural framework for the striatum. Heimer identified the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle as striatal structures and termed them the "ventral striatum." The traditional striatal structures, the caudate nucleus and putamen are, strictly speaking, now termed the 'dorsal' striatum, though in practice the term "striatum" without qualification generally refers just to the dorsal striatum. Heimer is also known for helping to elaborate the anatomical concept of the extended amygdala, first proposed by his collaborator, Jose de Olmos.
# Bazaruto Archipelago

The Bazaruto Archipelago (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a group of six islands in Mozambique, near the mainland city of Vilankulo. It comprises the islands of Bazaruto, Benguerra, Magaruque, Santa Carolina and Bangué.

## Geography

The group belongs to the Vilanculos and Inhassoro districts of Inhambane Province. The islands were formed from sand deposited by the Save River, which has since shifted its course.
Santa Carolina is a true rock island with deep channels and is just 3 by 0.5 kilometres (1.86 by 0.31 mi) in size. It has three beautiful beaches with coral reefs close to the shore. The island, also known as Paradise Island, is regarded as the "gem" of the islands forming the Bazaruto Archipelago, which is a proclaimed marine national park.
Tourist attractions include sandy beaches, coral reefs, and opportunities for surfing and fishing.

## Ecology

The archipelago became a National Park in 1971. There is a wide abundance of reef fish, surgeon, Moorish idols, parrots, angel and butterfly fish to name but a few. Sea turtles, game fish and devil rays are regularly seen. Various endangered marine megafaunas, such as whale shark, manta, leatherback turtle, cetaceans including humpback whale, and the dugong. Bazaruto's dugong population counts about 120 individuals, making it the largest of remnant populations in Mozambique.
Cetacean biodiversity had been much richer than today before being reduced by human activities including illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in 1960s to 1970s, resulting disappearances or rarities of many species such as the southern right whales. Since the archipelago's geography provides a number of different ecosystems, an unusual variety of species occur within a relatively small area. Bazaruto is one of two largest islands, the other being Benguerra.
The skinks Scelotes duttoni, Scelotes insularis, and Lygosoma lanceolatum are endemic to the Bazaruto Archipelago.

## History

It has been speculated that the Bazaruto Archipelago may be the island named Crocodile (Sūsmār in Persian) mentioned in the 11th-century Egyptian Book of Curiosities. This island is the last place in a list of sites along the East African coast known to Egyptian merchants and is the fifth stop after Kilwa. Bazaruto supports a substantial population of crocodiles.
# Megachile curvipes

Megachile curvipes is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1853.
# Pillsbury State Park

Pillsbury State Park is a state park located mainly in Washington and partially in Goshen, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is home to the headwaters of the Ashuelot River. It contains one of the more rustic campgrounds in the state park system, with no electricity and limited running water. There are 40 campsites, most of which are reservable. Eleven of the sites are at "remote" locations, most of which are accessible by canoe. Hiking trails connect to the 51-mile-long (82 km) Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway trail.
# Admiral Lord Nelson School

Admiral Lord Nelson School is a mixed co-educational secondary school in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. The school, located on the eastern side of Portsmouth on Dundas Lane, opposite Ocean retail park and running parallel to the Eastern Road, is situated next to Langstone Harbour, and was constructed on a green field site.
Named after Horatio Nelson, admiral and hero of the British Royal Navy, with which it has already built ties, it was established in 1995 and specialises in Business and Enterprise to provide education for 11- to 16-year-old students. On opening it had an initial attendance of 170-year 7 students, which has subsequently grown substantially to around 1000. During this time, it has forged partnerships with the local business community.

## Facilities

Along with another Portsmouth state school, Milton Cross, Admiral Lord Nelson School is currently one of only two fully accessible schools in the city; providing numerous lifts for disabled students. The building also has several small two-wheeled trolleys for transporting disabled students up and down stairs during accidents and emergencies.
Sporting facilities include an outdoor all weather full size AstroTurf pitch and multi-use game area and an indoor fitness studio, these facilities along with a sports hall and a dance studio have become a useful asset to the wider community, as part of the Community Improvement Partnership in the city of Portsmouth.

## Ofsted and governance

The 2017 Ofsted Inspection awarded the school a rating of 2 ("Good") in a scale of 1 to 4, excellent to inadequate respectively.
The founding headteacher, Dianne Smith, was succeeded by the new headteacher Steven Labedz who was appointed by the governors at the beginning of 2006 having previously held the post of Associate Headteacher. Nys Hardingham is the current headteacher.

## Academy status

In October 2013, the school announced it was proposing to change its Governance status from community school to academy. The school formally converted to academy status on 1 April 2014. As a converter academy, the school is independent from both the local authority and any form of sponsor or chain of other academies. The school is funded directly from Central Government.
# Allodiscus turbotti

Allodiscus turbotti is a species of land snail in the family Charopidae. The species was first described by Baden Powell in 1948, and is endemic to Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands in New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

The species was identified by Powell in 1948, based on a shell found by Evan Graham Turbott on Manawatāwhi / Great Island in 1946, among sparse pōhutukawa and kanuka forest. Powell named the species after Turbott. Gene sequencing noted that A. turbotti was significantly different to other members of Allodiscus, meaning the species may potentially belong to a distinct genus.

## Description

Powell's original text (the type description) reads as follows:
   Shell globose, multicostate, umbilicate, pale-brown with a complicated pattern of radial bars, spots and chevrons. Whorls tightly coiled, 5½, including a low, convex protoconch of 14 whorls, all but the nucleus sculptured with closely-spaced thin radials. Spire about two-thirds height of aperture. Post-nuclear sculpture of dense narrow radials, 42 on the first whorl, 85 on the penultimate and about 150 on the bodywhorl. Interstices with from 4 to 10 exceedingly fine crisp radial threads. Radials flexuous, slightly protractive from suture and noticeably retractive before entering the umbilicus. Umbilicus open, one-tenth major diameter, deep, cylindrical, and slightly bridged by the reflexed inner lip. The base flattens somewhat towards the umbilicus and then resolves into a narrowly rounded encircling rim. Aperture lunate; peristome thin and flexuous, slightly protractive above, broadly rounded medially and deeply insinuated at the junction between the basal and inner sections of the lip. Suture deeply impressed, almost channelled. Colour pale brown with a chestnut colour pattern composed of irregular radially disposed rectangular patches at the suture which resolve into spots, and streaks of chevron form over the rest of the shell, base included. Major diameter, 5.7 mm (0.22 in).; minimum diameter, 5.1 mm (0.20 in).: height, 4.15 mm (0.163 in).
Powell noted that the species resembled A. cassandra, but could be told apart by A. turbotti being much smaller in adult size, open umbilicate, and by the presence of more numerous radial ribs. A. turbotti differs from other members of the genus due to prominent axial riblets on its protoconch, and finer spiral threads.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to New Zealand, found on three islands of the Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands group: Manawatāwhi / Great Island, Oromaki / North East Island and Moekawa / South West Island. The species is common on Manawatāwhi / Great Island, and less common on the other two islands. The snail lives in leaf litter of broadleaf and kanuka forests. Due to its preference for forest leaf litter, the species is significantly less common than A. cassandra.
# Cyrtodactylus cucphuongensis

Cyrtodactylus cucphuongensis is a species of gecko that is endemic to Vietnam.