OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Monger

John Henry Monger Jr (25 January 1831 – 23 December 1892) was a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1870 to 1875, and again from 1890 to 1892.
Monger was born in Perth, Western Australia in 1831; his father, John Henry Monger Snr, was a prominent York merchant. His younger brother, Joseph Taylor Monger, would also become a York merchant and a Member of the Legislative Council. Monger spent much of his early life in England, and again visited England in 1856–57, where he married Henrietta Joaquina Manning on 21 July 1857. They would have 4 sons and 4 daughters.
On returning to Western Australia, Monger established himself as a merchant at York, competing against his father and brother. He later appointed Herman Moll to manage his York business, while he expanded his business into other areas of the colony, including the goldfields, and opened a head office in Perth with his brothers. He partnered with George Shenton in the shipping trade, and was interested in the sandalwood industry. Later he diversified into agriculture and pastoralism, holding large pastoral stations east of York, and in the South West, Pilbara and Kimberley region of Western Australia regions. For some time he was in partnership with Aubrey Brown, a brother of Maitland and Kenneth Brown. The two men selected over 100,000 acres (400 km$^2$) of land on the Gascoyne River, and also held a lease on Dirk Hartog Island. The partnership was dissolved in January 1888. Monger also became a foundation vice-president of the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA).
When Western Australia obtained representative government in October 1870, Monger was elected to the Legislative Council. He held the position until his resignation in June 1875; his brother Joseph won the subsequent by-election. After Western Australia won responsible government in 1890, the Legislative Council became a nominative upper house. On 24 December 1890, Monger was nominated to the Legislative Council by the governor. He held the seat until his death at York on 23 February 1892.
Monger's son Frederick was a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly for twenty years.
# Rinorea haughtii

Rinorea haughtii is a species of plant in the Violaceae family. It is endemic to Colombia.
# Rinorea keayi

Rinorea keayi is a species of plant in the Violaceae family. It is found in Cameroon and Nigeria. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Master data

Master data represents "data about the business entities that provide context for business transactions". The most commonly found categories of master data are parties (individuals and organisations, and their roles, such as customers, suppliers, employees), products, financial structures (such as ledgers and cost centres) and locational concepts.
Master data should be distinguished from reference data. While both provide context for business transactions, reference data is concerned with classification and categorisation, while master data is concerned with business entities.
Master data is, by its nature, almost always non-transactional in nature. There exist edge cases where an organization may need to treat certain transactional processes and operations as "master data". This arises, for example, where information about master data entities, such as customers or products, is only contained within transactional data such as orders and receipts and is not housed separately.

## Alternative definition

An alternative definition of the term master data is that it represents the business objects that contain the most valuable, agreed upon information shared across an organization. In this sense, it gives context to business activities and transactions, answering questions like who, what, when and how as well as expanding the ability to make sense of these activities through categorizations, groupings and hierarchies. It can cover relatively static reference data, transactional, unstructured, analytical, hierarchical and metadata. What constitutes master data under this definition is therefore not about an essential quality of the data (e.g. it is a business entity that provides context for business transactions), but rather about the context in which the organisation has decided to treat the data.

## Externally-defined master data

For most organisations, most or all master data is defined and managed within that organisation.
Some master data, however, may be externally defined and managed. This represents the single source of basic business data used across a marketplace, regardless of organisation or location. Thus, it can be used by multiple enterprises within a value chain, facilitating "integration of multiple data sources and literally [putting] everyone in the market on the same page." An example of market master data is the Universal Product Code (UPC) found on consumer products.

## Master data management

Curating and managing master data is key to ensuring its quality and thus fitness for purpose. All aspects of an organisation, operational and analytical, are greatly dependent on the quality of an organization's master data. Master Data is therefore the focus of the information technology (IT) discipline of master data management (MDM). Without this discipline in place, organisations commonly encounter difficulties with having multiple versions of "the truth" about a business entity, both within individual applications, and distributed across applications.
# John Mowat

John Mowat may refer to:
* John Mowat (college administrator) (1791–1860), Scottish-born politician and college administrator in Ontario, Canada
* John Mowat (Dean of Brechin), Dean of Brechin, 1947–1953
* John Bower Mowat (1825–1900), Presbyterian minister and university professor in Ontario, Canada
* John McDonald Mowat (1872–1916), lawyer and politician in Ontario, Canada
* John Stuart Mowat (1923–2001), Scottish QC and Liberal politician
# Ririe A Pegram Truss Railroad Bridge

The Ririe A Pegram Truss Railroad Bridge is a Pegram truss railroad bridge which crosses the Snake River 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Ririe, Idaho. The bridge, which carries a one-track section of the East Belt Branch, consists of two truss spans and is 420 feet (130 m) long by 18 feet (5.5 m) wide. The bridge was originally constructed for a crossing in Nyssa, Oregon in 1894 for the Union Pacific Railroad and was relocated to its current site in 1914, where it carried Oregon Short Line Railroad tracks. The bridge's Pegram truss design was the work of George H. Pegram, the chief engineer for Union Pacific; as Pegram held a patent on the design, all surviving Pegram truss bridges were commissioned during Pegram's tenure with the Union Pacific and Missouri Pacific railroads.
The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 25, 1997.
# Matagalls

Matagalls is one of the highest mountains of the Montseny Massif, Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 1,697.9 metres above sea level.
# Mathew Dowman

Mathew Peter Dowman (born 10 May 1974) is a retired English cricketer. Born in Grantham, Dowman was a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler.
Having started his career at Under-19 level, and including at this stage in his career a top score of 267 for England under-19s against the West Indies in Hove in 1993, at that point a youth "Test" record. A year later he started playing for Nottinghamshire.
Having a successful spell at the team, including a county high score of 149 against Leicestershire, and best bowling figures of 3/10, he continued to play first-class cricket until 2002, including a spell with Derbyshire near the end of his career.
He continued to play Minor Counties cricket for Lincolnshire and built up a steady playing partnership with Paul Pollard during Lincolnshire's Minor Counties Championship win in 2003.
# Central Anatolian deciduous forests

The Central Anatolian deciduous forests, also known as the Central Anatolian woodlands and steppe, is a Palearctic ecoregion of the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome. It is located in Central Anatolia, Asian Turkey.

## Geography

The ecoregion occupies the plateau of Central Anatolia. Belts of forested mountains surround the ecoregion, with the Mediterranean-climate Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests and Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests ecoregions in western and southern mountains, and the more temperate-climate Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests in the ranges to the north. The eastern edge of the ecoregion approximates the Anatolian diagonal, a biogeographic boundary which separates central from eastern Anatolia. The diagonal forms the western edge of the adjacent Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests ecoregion.
The driest portions of the plateau, including the area around Lake Tuz, are part of the distinct Central Anatolian steppe ecoregion.
The northern part of the ecoregion is drained by the Sakarya and Kızılırmak rivers. The southern portion occupies several closed lake basins, including Lake Tuz.
Ankara, Turkey's capital, lies in the northern portion of the ecoregion. Other cities in the ecoregion are Konya, Kayseri, Karaman, and Sivas.

## Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is continental, with hot summers and cold winters. Rainfall ranges annual rainfall ranges from 400 to 600 mm.

## Flora

The characteristic vegetation of the ecoregion is dry deciduous forest interspersed with areas of shrub steppe. Human activity has transformed most of the region into anthropogenic steppe or open woodland. The forests which once covered 50 to 55% of the region now cover less than 10%. Oaks, including Quercus pubescens and Quercus infectoria, are the predominant trees. At higher elevations, Q. pubescens is joined by Pinus nigra, Juniperus oxycedrus, and Juniperus excelsa. The steppe plants include herbs, grasses, and low shrubs, with species of Artemisia, Bromus, Achillea, Trifolium, and Astragalus prominent.
Trees are absent from areas with less than 400 mm of annual rainfall. These areas constitute the 'true steppe' of the Central Anatolian steppe ecoregion.

## Protected areas

Protected areas include Bozdağ National Park and Sultan Sazlığı National Park.
# 2014 Brasil Tennis Cup

The 2014 Brasil Tennis Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the Brasil Tennis Cup, in the International category of the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place in Florianópolis, Brazil, from February 23 through March 1, 2014.

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 30 | 1 | 18 | 12 | 1 |
| Doubles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 1 | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | $43,000 | $21,400 | $11,500 | $6,175 | $3,400 | $2,100 | $1,020 | $600 |
| Doubles | $12,300 | $6,400 | $3,435 | $1,820 | $960 | — | — | — |

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ESP | Carla Suárez Navarro | 16 | 1 |
| ESP | Garbiñe Muguruza | 34 | 2 |
| CZE | Klára Zakopalová | 35 | 3 |
| ITA | Francesca Schiavone | 43 | 4 |
| ROU | Monica Niculescu | 53 | 5 |
| ROU | Alexandra Cadanțu | 60 | 6 |
| ESP | María Teresa Torró Flor | 63 | 7 |
| ARG | Paula Ormaechea | 65 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of February 17, 2014.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Gabriela Cé
* Paula Cristina Gonçalves
* Beatriz Haddad Maia
The following player received entry as a special exempt:
* Teliana Pereira
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Alexandra Dulgheru
* Mariana Duque Mariño
* Sesil Karatantcheva
* Danka Kovinić
* Alizé Lim
* Alison Van Uytvanck

### Retirements

* Alexandra Dulgheru (lower back injury)
* Monica Niculescu (right foot injury)

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Vania King | CZE | Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová | 81 | 1 |
| ROU | Monica Niculescu | CZE | Klára Zakopalová | 84 | 2 |
| ESP | Anabel Medina Garrigues | KAZ | Yaroslava Shvedova | 89 | 3 |
| CRO | Darija Jurak | SLO | Andreja Klepač | 119 | 4 |
* Rankings are as of February 17, 2014.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Maria Fernanda Alves / Beatriz Haddad Maia
* Paula Cristina Gonçalves / Laura Pigossi
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Julia Glushko / Paula Kania

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Klára Zakopalová (viral chest infection)

## Champions
### Singles

* Klára Zakopalová def. Garbiñe Muguruza, 4–6, 7–5, 6–0

### Doubles

* Anabel Medina Garrigues / Yaroslava Shvedova def. Francesca Schiavone / Sílvia Soler Espinosa, 7–6$^{(7–1)}$, 2–6, [10–3]
# Christie Park, Calgary

Christie Park is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded by Strathcona Drive and the community of Strathcona Park to the north, Sarcee Trail to the east, 17 Avenue S to the south and 69 Street W to the west.
The land was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1956 from the Municipal District of Rocky View. Christie Park was established as a neighbourhood in 1990. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor.

## Demographics

In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Christie Park had a population of 2,196 living in 728 dwellings, a 0.7% increase from its 2011 population of 2,180. With a land area of 0.8 km$^2$ (0.31 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,750/km$^2$ (7,100/sq mi) in 2012.
Residents in this community had a median household income of $102,664 in 2000, and there were 8.4% low income residents living in the neighbourhood. As of 2000, 19.2% of the residents were immigrants. A proportion of 5.5% of the buildings were condominiums or apartments, and 4.8% of the housing was used for renting.

## Education

The community is served by Olympic Heights Elementary public school.
# 2023 Zaragoza Open

The 2023 Zaragoza Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Zaragoza, Spain, between 10 and 16 April 2023.

## Champions
### Singles

* Viktoriya Tomova def. Tereza Martincová, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3

### Doubles

* Diane Parry / Arantxa Rus def. Asia Muhammad / Eden Silva, 6–1, 4–6, [10–5]

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank | Seed |
| MNE | Danka Kovinić | 73 | 1 |
| BUL | Viktoriya Tomova | 88 | 2 |
| FRA | Océane Dodin | 99 | 3 |
| CZE | Tereza Martincová | 102 | 4 |
| FRA | Diane Parry | 107 | 5 |
| NED | Arantxa Rus | 108 | 6 |
| | Erika Andreeva | 120 | 7 |
| FRA | Jessika Ponchet | 135 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of 3 April 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Irene Burillo Escorihuela
* Andrea Lázaro García
* Andrea Palazón
* Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Sesil Karatantcheva
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a junior exempt:
* Lucie Havlíčková
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Lucía Cortez Llorca
* Andrea Gámiz
* Ashley Lahey
* Jesika Malečková
* Joëlle Steur
* Ioana Loredana Roșca
* Margaux Rouvroy
* Ksenia Zaytseva
# Melanie Thomas

Melanie Thomas may refer to:
* Melanie Thomas (bowls)
* Melanie Thomas (EastEnders)
* Mel Thomas, American basketball player
# Melanie Thomas (bowls)

Melanie Thomas is a Welsh international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

Thomas became a national champion in 2019 after winning the singles at the Welsh National Bowls Championships.
In 2019 she won the fours gold medal at the Atlantic Bowls Championships
In 2023, she was selected as part of the team to represent Wales at the 2023 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. She participated in the women's singles and the women's triples events.
# Christiania Fusel & Blaagress

Christiania Fusel & Blaagress was a band started at Øystein Sunde's home after an evening at the Dolphin Club in Oslo on February 18, 1968. Its first performance was on February 22 the same year. The original membership of the band was:
* Kari Svendsen (banjo, tuba/baritone)
* Gerd Gudding (fiddle)
* Anne Elisenberg (fiddle, washboard)
* Fredrik Wibe (bass, washtub bass)
* Kåre Schanche (guitar)
* Øystein Sunde (guitar, mandolin)
The band performed live for many years but released only one single, "Det kjem nok betre tider" / "Mamma vi’kke ha" (Better Times a-Comin' / Mama Don't Allow), and one album, Som varmt hvetebrød i tørt gress (Like Hotcakes in Dry Grass).
# Christiania Bank

Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse, branded domestically as Kreditkassen or K-Bank and internationally as Christiania Bank+ was a Norwegian bank that existed between 1848 and 2000 when it merged with MeritaNordbanken and became Nordea. The bank had its headquarters in Oslo and was Norway's second largest bank at the time of the merger.
Christiania Bank had branch offices in London, New York, and Singapore.

## History

The bank was founded in Oslo (then called Christiania) in 1848 as Christiania Kreditkasse, though changed its name to Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse in 1862. In 1858, the bank moved out of its temporary location at the home of the bank manager, Fritz Henrich Frölich, and to permanent locations. It opened branches in 1897, under the directorship of Peter Harboe Castberg
The bank expanded out of Oslo in 1957 when it bought Elverum Kreditbank and Hamar Privatbank, and in 1959 with the acquisition of Agder Bank. By 1965, the bank had 18 offices outside Oslo. In 1973, the bank opened its first international office, in Luxembourg. In the 1980s, the bank further acquired Andresens Bank (in 1980), Vestfoldbanken (in 1981) and Fiskernes Bank (in 1983).
In the last years of the 1980s, there was a major financial crisis in Norway and by 1991 the bank had used up all capital. To save the bank, the Government of Norway took over the bank and gave it new capital, rescuing it from bankruptcy. In the early years of the 1990s, the bank also bought Sunnmørsbanken and Sørlandsbanken. In 1995, the government reduced its ownership to 51%, listing it on the Oslo Stock Exchange, and in 1999 to 35%. The same year, the Swedish MeritaNordbanken bid for the bank, and in 2000 the government sold its shares and the bank became part of Nordea. Christiania Bank was at the time of the merger with Nordea Norway's oldest existing bank.
# Temperature–entropy diagram

Thermodynamics :
The classical Carnot heat engine :
Branches
Classical
Statistical
Chemical
Quantum thermodynamics
Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium :
Laws
Zeroth
First
Second
Third :
Systems
Closed system
Open system
Isolated system
State
Equation of state
Ideal gas
Real gas
State of matter
Phase (matter)
Equilibrium
Control volume
Instruments
Processes
Isobaric
Isochoric
Isothermal
Adiabatic
Isentropic
Isenthalpic
Quasistatic
Polytropic
Free expansion
Reversibility
Irreversibility
Endoreversibility
Cycles
Heat engines
Heat pumps
Thermal efficiency :
System propertiesNote: Conjugate variables in italics
Property diagrams
Intensive and extensive properties
Process functions
Work
Heat
Functions of state
Temperature / Entropy (introduction)
Pressure / Volume
Chemical potential / Particle number
Vapor quality
Reduced properties :
Material properties
Property databases
Specific heat capacity 
$c=$
$T$$\partial S$$N$$\partial T$
Compressibility 
$\beta =-$
$1$$\partial V$$V$$\partial p$
Thermal expansion 
$\alpha =$
$1$$\partial V$$V$$\partial T$ :
Equations
Carnot's theorem
Clausius theorem
Fundamental relation
Ideal gas law
Maxwell relations
Onsager reciprocal relations
Bridgman's equations
Table of thermodynamic equations :
Potentials
Free energy
Free entropy
Internal energy $U(S,V)$Enthalpy $H(S,p)=U+pV$Helmholtz free energy $A(T,V)=U-TS$Gibbs free energy $G(T,p)=H-TS$ :
HistoryCulture
History
General
Entropy
Gas laws
"Perpetual motion" machines
Philosophy
Entropy and time
Entropy and life
Brownian ratchet
Maxwell's demon
Heat death paradox
Loschmidt's paradox
Synergetics
Theories
Caloric theory
Vis viva ("living force")
Mechanical equivalent of heat
Motive power
Key publications
An Inquiry Concerning the Source ... Friction
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire
Timelines
Thermodynamics
Heat engines
ArtEducation
Maxwell's thermodynamic surface
Entropy as energy dispersal :
Scientists
Bernoulli
Boltzmann
Bridgman
Carathéodory
Carnot
Clapeyron
Clausius
de Donder
Duhem
Gibbs
von Helmholtz
Joule
Kelvin
Lewis
Massieu
Maxwell
von Mayer
Nernst
Onsager
Planck
Rankine
Smeaton
Stahl
Tait
Thompson
van der Waals
Waterston :
Other
Nucleation
Self-assembly
Self-organization
Order and disorder :
Category :
vte :
In thermodynamics, a temperature–entropy (T–s) diagram is a thermodynamic diagram used to visualize changes to temperature (T ) and specific entropy (s) during a thermodynamic process or cycle as the graph of a curve. It is a useful and common tool, particularly because it helps to visualize the heat transfer during a process. For reversible (ideal) processes, the area under the T–s curve of a process is the heat transferred to the system during that process.
Working fluids are often categorized on the basis of the shape of their T–s diagram.
An isentropic process is depicted as a vertical line on a T–s diagram, whereas an isothermal process is a horizontal line.
# Kunkilling Forest Park

Kunkilling Forest Park is a forest park in the Gambia. Established on January 1, 1954, it covers 142 hectares.
The forest park is located in a village called Kerr Serrekunda on the southern bank of the River Gambia. The estimate terrain elevation above sea level is 6 metres.
# Mirror fugue

A mirror fugue is a fugue, or rather two fugues, one of which is the mirror image of the other. It is as though a mirror were placed above or below an existing fugue, producing inversions of each interval in each part, as well as inverting the position of the parts within the texture, so that, for example, the topmost part in one fugue is inverted to produce the lowest part in the other. This is well demonstrated by the two four-part fugues of Contrapunctus 12 in The Art of Fugue.
The two three-part fugues of Contrapunctus 13 exhibit a similar relationship to each other, but this cannot strictly be called a mirror fugue, since the position of each inverted part is not itself inverted in the texture, SAB becoming not BAS, but BSA.
# Bombus fernaldae

Bombus fernaldae, the Fernald's cuckoo bumblebee, is a species of cuckoo bumblebee having only males and queens, but no worker bees. The females place their eggs in the nest of the confusing bumblebee (Bombus perplexus) or the red-belted bumblebee (Bombus rufocinctus), which raise the larvae. Fernald's cuckoo bumblebees visit flowers of Potentilla, Rubus, clovers, and goldenrods.
# Tatsuro Okuda

Tatsuro Okuda (奥田 達朗, Okuda Tatsurō, born 20 September 1988) is a professional Japanese football player. He plays as a goalkeeper for Kochi United.

## Club statistics

Updated to 23 February 2018.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | J. League Cup | J. League Cup | Total | Total |
| 2011 | Sagan Tosu | J2 League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| 2012 | Sagan Tosu | J1 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | Sagan Tosu | J1 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | Sagan Tosu | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015 | Sagan Tosu | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2016 | Júbilo Iwata | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2017 | V-Varen Nagasaki | J2 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 15 | 0 |