OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Springfield model 1871

The Springfield model 1871 rolling-block U.S. Army rifle was manufactured in 1871–72 by Springfield Armory, using the design originated by Remington Arms Company, under a royalty agreement.

## Origin

During the U.S. Civil War, Joseph Rider experimented with several breech loading weapon designs. In 1865, he was issued the first patent for what would evolve into the Remington rolling block action. The Remingtons continued to invest in Rider's work, and met with Ordnance Department officials in the hope of interesting them in this new design. The U.S. Navy Ordnance Department became interested in the design, and purchased several different models of rifles from 1867 through 1869. Field trials of these various rifles yielded mostly positive results.
In 1869, the Navy Bureau of Ordnance tested many different weapons, and settled on the .50 caliber Remington Rolling Block for use by both the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marines. An order was placed for 10,000 model 1870 rifles. After the rifles were produced, Navy inspectors realized that the rear sights had been positioned incorrectly, and were dangerously close to the chamber, making the weapon unsafe for use. All 10,000 rifles were rejected, and were subsequently sold to France for use in the Franco-Prussian War. The sale of the defective rifles enabled enough funds to be recovered that the Navy Ordnance Department ordered an additional 12,000 rifles.

## Production

Following the success of the model 1870, the Governor of New York ordered 15,000 Remington rolling block rifles and bayonets for his state's militia. These model 1871 rifles were very similar to the model 1870 rifles, but differed in some details. Field experience with the model 1870 showed that the mechanism jammed too easily in dusty conditions. Users also did not like loading the weapon at full cock. The model 1871 included a locking bolt in the breech mechanism. The user pulled the hammer to the full cock position, retracted the breech block spur to expose the chamber, and inserted the cartridge. When the breech block closed, the hammer automatically fell to the half cock position, and the weapon could not be fired until the hammer was once again pulled to the full cock position.
Over 20,000 model 1871 rifles were eventually purchased by the state of New York. The U.S. Army did not greet the Remingtons with much enthusiasm, despite its superiority to the standard-issue Springfield model 1870. Foreign sales of the weapon were much more successful. Denmark ordered many of the model 1870 and 1871 rifles. In 1873, Spain ordered 50,000 model 1871 rifles, which were delivered in 1875. Numerous other countries, such as France, Chile, Argentina, Cuba, Greece, and Puerto Rico also purchased this rifle.
# Sphenophorus subulatus

Sphenophorus subulatus is a species in the weevil family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Sphenophorus vomerinus

Sphenophorus vomerinus is a species of beetle in the family Dryophthoridae. It is found in North America.
# Spot delivery

Spot delivery (or spot financing) is a term used in the automobile industry that means delivering a vehicle to a buyer prior to financing on the vehicle being completed. Spot delivery is used by dealerships on the weekend or after bank hours to be able to deliver a vehicle when a final approval cannot be received from a bank. This method of delivery is regulated by many states in the U.S., and is sometimes referred to as a "Yo-Yo sale" or "Yo-Yo Financing."
During a spot delivery, many consumers believe that the deal is final when in fact it is not. Signed agreements allow the dealership the right to take the car back or renegotiate the agreement if it cannot obtain financing within a specific amount of time.
# Spot height

A spot height is an exact point on a map with an elevation recorded beside it that represents its height above a given datum. In the UK this is the Ordnance Datum. Unlike a bench-mark, which is marked by a disc or plate, there is no official indication of a spot height on the ground although, in open country, spot heights may sometimes be marked by cairns. In geoscience, it can be used for showing elevations on a map, alongside contours, bench marks, etc.
# Spurgeon, Tennessee

Spurgeon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sullivan and Washington counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population was 3,957 at the 2010 census.
The Washington County portion of Spurgeon is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Sullivan County portion is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Those two metropolitan areas are components of the larger Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. During the American Civil War, a small conflict known as the Battle of Spurgeon’s Mill happened here.

## Geography

Spurgeon is located at 36°26′36″N 82°27′41″W﻿ / ﻿36.44333°N 82.46139°W﻿ / 36.44333; -82.46139 (36.443236, -82.461335).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.2 square miles (10.9 km$^2$), of which 4.1 square miles (10.6 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.3 km$^2$) (2.38%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,460 people, 1,425 households, and 1,061 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 840.9 inhabitants per square mile (324.7/km$^2$). There were 1,502 housing units at an average density of 365.0 per square mile (140.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.98% White, 0.55% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.52% of the population.
There were 1,425 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,316, and the median income for a family was $41,899. Males had a median income of $30,512 versus $21,703 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,004. About 8.5% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

The portion in Washington County is in the Washington County School District.
The portion in Sullivan County is in the Sullivan County School District.
# Sputnik (rocket)

The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing Sputnik 1 into a low Earth orbit.
Two versions of the Sputnik were built, the Sputnik-PS (GRAU index 8K71PS), which was used to launch Sputnik 1 and later Sputnik 2, and the Sputnik (8A91), which failed to launch a satellite in April 1958, and subsequently launched Sputnik 3 on 15 May 1958.
A later member of the R-7 family, the Polyot, used the same configuration as the Sputnik rocket, but was constructed from Voskhod components. Because of the similarity, the Polyot was sometimes known as the Sputnik 11A59.

## Specifications

* First Stage: Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters)
** Gross mass: 43.0 tons
** Empty mass: 3.400 tons
** Thrust (vac): 4 × 99,000 kgf = 396 Mgf (3.89 MN)
** Isp: 306 s (3,000 N·s/kg)
** Burn time: 120 s (2 min)
** Isp (sl): 250 s (2,450 N·s/kg)
** Diameter: 2.68 metres (8.8 ft)
** Span: 2.68 metres (8.8 ft)
** Length: 19.2 metres (63 ft) (without nozzles)
** Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
** Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D74PS per booster = 4
* Second Stage: Block A (core stage)
** Gross mass: 94.0 tons
** Empty mass: 7.495 tons
** Thrust (vac): 99,000 kgf (970 kN)
** Isp: 308 s (3,020 N·s/kg)
** Burn time: 310 s (5 min 10 s)
** Isp (sl): 241 s (2,360 N·s/kg)
** Diameter: 2.95 metres (9.7 ft)
** Span: 2.95 metres (9.7 ft)
** Length: 28 metres (92 ft)
** Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
** Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75PS
* Total mass: 267 tons (589,000 lb)
* Total span: 10.303 metres (33.80 ft)
* LEO payload: 500 kg
* Total liftoff thrust: 3.89 MN

## Sputnik 8A91

The Sputnik 8A91 had more powerful 8D76 and 8D77 engines installed, increasing its payload capacity, and allowing it to launch much heavier satellites than Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2. It was launched two times, in 1958. The first launch, on 27 April, failed due to vibrations that unexpectedly occurred during the flight along the longitudinal axis of the rocket. On 15 May, it successfully launched Sputnik 3.

### Sputnik specifications

* Stage number: 0 - Strap-on boosters; 4 x Sputnik 8A91-0
** Gross mass: 43.0 tons
** Empty mass: 3.400 tons
** Thrust (vac): 4 × 99,000 kgf = 396 Mgf (3.89 MN)
** Isp: 310 s (3,040 N·s/kg)
** Burn time: 130 s (2 min 10 s)
** Isp (sl): 252 s (2,470 N·s/kg)
** Diameter: 2.68 metres (8.8 ft)
** Span: 2.68 metres (8.8 ft)
** Length: 19.2 metres (63 ft) (without nozzles)
** Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
** Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D76 per booster (4 total)
* Stage number: 1 - Core stage; 1 x Sputnik 8A91-1
** Gross mass: 95.0 tons
** Empty mass: 7.100 tons
** Thrust (vac): 82,000 kgf (804 kN)
** Isp: 315 s (3,090 N·s/kg)
** Burn time: 360 s (6 min)
** Isp (sl): 246 s (2,410 N·s/kg)
** Diameter: 2.95 metres (9.7 ft)
** Length:28 metres (92 ft)
** Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
** Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D77
* Total mass: 269.3 tons (593,700 lb)
* Total span: 10.303 metres (33.80 ft)
* LEO payload: 1,327 kg (2,925 lb)
* Total liftoff thrust: 385,950 kgf (3.784 MN, 850,870 lbf)
# List of Billboard Smooth Jazz Airplay number-ones of 2006
## Smooth Jazz Airplay number-ones for 2006
### 2006 number-ones

2006 :
| Issue date | Song | Artist(s) |
| January 7 | "Shining Star" | Rick Braun |
| January 14 | "Shining Star" | Rick Braun |
| January 21 | "Shining Star" | Rick Braun |
| January 28 | "Shining Star" | Rick Braun |
| February 4 | "It's All Good" | Brian Simpson |
| February 11 | "Shining Star" | Rick Braun |
| February 18 | "Shining Star" | Rick Braun |
| February 25 | "Mystique" | Richard Elliot |
| March 4 | "Mystique" | Richard Elliot |
| March 11 | "Mystique" | Richard Elliot |
| March 18 | "Mystique" | Richard Elliot |
| March 25 | "Mystique" | Richard Elliot |
| April 1 | "Mystique" | Richard Elliot |
| April 8 | "Mystique" | Richard Elliot |
| April 15 | "Winelite" | Paul Brown |
| April 22 | "Winelite" | Paul Brown |
| April 29 | "Winelite" | Paul Brown |
| May 6 | "Winelite" | Paul Brown |
| May 13 | "Winelite" | Paul Brown |
| May 20 | "Do It Again" | Philippe Saisse Trio |
| May 27 | "Do It Again" | Philippe Saisse Trio |
| June 3 | "Summer Nights" | Nils Jiptner |
| June 10 | "Do It Again" | Philippe Saisse Trio |
| June 17 | "Do It Again" | Philippe Saisse Trio |
| June 24 | "Do It Again" | Philippe Saisse Trio |
| July 1 | "Do It Again" | Philippe Saisse Trio |
| July 8 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| July 15 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| July 22 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| July 29 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| August 5 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| August 12 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| August 19 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| August 26 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| September 2 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| September 9 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| September 16 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| September 23 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| September 30 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| October 7 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| October 14 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| October 21 | "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" | Peter White |
| October 28 | "Free as the Wind" | Jazzmasters |
| November 4 | "Free as the Wind" | Jazzmasters |
| November 11 | "The Total Experience" | Boney James featuring George Duke |
| November 18 | "Free as the Wind" | Jazzmasters |
| November 25 | "Free as the Wind" | Jazzmasters |
| December 2 | "The Total Experience" | Boney James featuring George Duke |
| December 9 | "The Total Experience" | Boney James featuring George Duke |
| December 16 | "Mornin'" | George Benson and Al Jarreau |
| December 23 | "Mornin'" | George Benson and Al Jarreau |
| December 30 | "The Total Experience" | Boney James featuring George Duke |
# SraL RNA

The SraL RNA ('sra' for small RNA), also known as RyjA, is a small non-coding RNA discovered in E. coli, and later in Salmonella Tiphimurium. This ncRNA was found to be expressed only in stationary phase. It may possibly play a role in Salmonella virulence. The major stationary phase regulator RpoS is transcriptionally regulating SraL and directly binds to the sraL gene promoter. SraL down-regulates the expression of the ribosome-associated chaperone Trigger Factor (TF), which is involved in the folding of the newly synthesised cystolic proteins.
# Sprung aus den Wolken

Sprung aus den Wolken is a German band based out of Berlin, part of Berlin's underground music movement of the 1980s – sometimes referred to as the "Geniale Dilletanten" movement. Their music is typically minimalistic industrial music.
The band's name is German for "Jump from the Clouds". The origin of this title is unknown, however it should be known that the phrase was the title of a 1963 board game, although the possibility that it is a German idiom or simply just made up should not be ruled out either. Also, "Sprung aus den Wolken" was the title of the German broadcasts of Ripcord in the 1960s.

## Members

* Fred Alpi
* Kiddy Citny
* Peter Prima
Contributing artists:
* Alexander Hacke
* N.U. Unruh
* Raymond Watts

## Discography

* Dub and Die (1981)
* Untitled (1982)
* Untitled (1983)
* Voyage Organise Dijon 26-08-82 (1983)
* Pas Attendre (1985)
* The Story of Electricity (1987)
* You Lucky Star (circa 1990)
* Round and Round (1991)
* Early Recordings (2004)
* Lion/Sei Still (2005)
* Early Recordings Plus (2006)
# St. Louie

St. Louie may refer to:
* St. Louis, a city in the United States
* "St. Louie", a song by Nelly from his 2000 album Country Grammar
# St. Louis (Easybeats song)

"St. Louis" is a song by Australian rock group the Easybeats, which was released in June 1969. It was co-written by its members Harry Vanda and George Young and recorded as their first single after signing to Polydor Records.

## Reception

The NME gave the song a positive review, saying: "It drives along at breathtaking pace and will knock you into submission so that you’ll be forced to buy it. I hope."
The single peaked at #21 in Australia and #57 in Canada. In the United States, it peaked at #72 on the Cash Box Top 100 and #100 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It failed to chart in the UK.
During the 1969 Australian tour, band members told Go-Set they were disappointed in Ray Singer's production work. Lead singer Stevie Wright stated they "wanted it (more) funky with a lot of ad-lib(s)." He also cited a rumour that Paul McCartney had heard the song on his car radio and stopped to ask the station to "play it again" (this story is often attributed to another Easybeats' song, "Good Times").

## Track listing

* "St. Louis"
* "Can't Find Love"

## Charts

| Chart (1969) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 21 |
| Canada (RPM) Top Singles | 57 |
| US Cash Box Top 100 | 72 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 100 |

## Little River Band version

Australian rock music group Little River Band recorded a cover version which was released in November 1982 as the second single from their album Greatest Hits Vol. 2. The song peaked at number 43 on the Australian Kent Music Report singles chart.

### Track listing
#### Australian 7" (Capitol CP-867)

    A. "St. Louis" - 3:35
    B. "Easy Money" - 4:00

### Charts

| Chart (1982-83) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 43 |
# St David's Church, Highgate

St David's Church, Bissel Street, Highgate is a former Church of England parish church in Birmingham.

## History

The foundation stone was laid on 6 July 1864 by the Bishop of Worcester, the Rt. Revd. Henry Philpott. It was designed by William Martin of Martin & Chamberlain and built by J & W Webb of Great King Street. It was consecrated on 24 October 1865 by the Bishop of Worcester. A parish was assigned out of St Luke's Church, Bristol Street, Birmingham in 1866.
The church was the scene of a suffragette protest in 1914 during the visit of the Bishop when a woman called out for the Bishop to pray for Margaret Haley and all suffragette prisoners. She was ejected from the church. Just before his sermon, the Bishop was interrupted by three other suffragettes who called for him to speak out against the torture. As the suffragettes left the church, they had to be protected by the police against an indignant crowd.
The church closed in 1947 and has been demolished. The parish was assigned back to St Luke's Church, Bristol Street, Birmingham.

## Organ

The organ was installed by Banfield shortly after the church was consecrated.
# List of Canadian films of 1972

This is a list of Canadian films which were released in 1972:
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| The Apparition (L'Apparition) | Roger Cardinal | René Angélil | Comedy | |
| Balablok | Břetislav Pojar | | Animated short | |
| Cry of the Wild | Bill Mason | | NFB documentary | |
| Dirty Money (La Maudite galette) | Denys Arcand | Luce Guilbeault, Marcel Sabourin, René Garon, Gabriel Arcand | Drama | Denys Arcand's first dramatic feature |
| The Doves (Les Colombes) | Jean-Claude Lord | Jean Besré, Lise Thouin, Jean Duceppe | Drama | |
| Dream Life (La Vie rêvée) | Mireille Dansereau | Liliane Lemaître-Auger, Véronique Le Flaguais | Drama | The first Quebec feature directed by a woman; Canadian Film Awards – Editing, Wendy Mitchener Award |
| A Fan's Notes | Eric Till | Jerry Orbach, Julia Anne Robinson, Burgess Meredith | Comedy drama | |
| Françoise Durocher, Waitress | André Brassard | | Short drama | |
| Journey | Paul Almond | Geneviève Bujold, John Vernon | Drama | |
| The Merry Wives of Tobias Rouke | John Board | Henry Beckman, Paul Bradley, Linda Sorenson, Judith Gault | Comedy | |
| Montreal Blues | Pascal Gélinas | Paule Baillargeon, Jocelyn Bérubé, Raymond Cloutier, Suzanne Garceau, Claude Laroche, Guy Thauvette | Drama | |
| Quebec: Duplessis and After... (Québec: Duplessis et après...) | Denys Arcand | | NFB documentary | |
| The Rebels (Quelques arpents de neige) | Denis Héroux | Daniel Pilon, Christine Olivier, Jean Duceppe | Historical drama | |
| The Rowdyman | Peter Carter | Gordon Pinsent, Will Geer, Linda Goranson | Drama | AV Preservation Trust Masterwork |
| Selling Out | Tadeusz Jaworski | | Documentary | |
| Street Musique | Ryan Larkin | | Animated short | |
| This Is Stompin' Tom | Edwin Moody | Stompin' Tom Connors | Documentary | |
| The Time of the Hunt (Le Temps d'une chasse) | Francis Mankiewicz | Guy L'Écuyer, Marcel Sabourin, Pierre Dufresne, Olivier L'Écuyer | Drama | |
| The True Nature of Bernadette (La Vraie nature de Bernadette) | Gilles Carle | Micheline Lanctôt, Donald Pilon | Drama | AV Preservation Trust Masterwork |
| Voulez-vous coucher avec God? | Jack Christie, Michael Hirsh | | Experimental | |
| Wedding in White | William Fruet | Carol Kane, Donald Pleasence, Doris Petrie | Drama | Canadian Film Awards – Feature Film, Supporting Actress (Petrie), Art Direction |
| The Wise Guys (Les Smattes) | Jean-Claude Labrecque | Donald Pilon, Daniel Pilon, Marcel Sabourin | Crime drama | |
# St Martin's Church, Lyndon

St Martin's Church is a church in Lyndon, Rutland. It is a Grade II* listed building.

## History

Most of the church is 13th and 14th century. The tower dates to the 14th century, but the upper section was rebuilt the next century. Outside the porch door is a scratch dial. The south door dates to the 13th century.
On the ledge of the west window of the south aisle is an old cross head of an unknown date and purpose. It is thought to be what is left of a cross at the village crossroads or to have been part of a cross above the chancel arch.
The font was found in the churchyard in 1865 and is 12th century. It has a square bowl carved with scrollwork and animals.

## Rectors

* Thomas Hutchinson
* Thomas Kerchever Arnold
* Lionel Cox
# List of Catholic dioceses in Albania

The Catholic Church in Albania is composed of:
* two Roman Catholic ecclesiastical provinces, comprising two metropolitan archdioceses and three suffragan dioceses
* one pre-diocesan jurisdiction of the Albanian Greek Catholic Church, a particular church sui iuris using the Byzantine Rite Albanian language, comprising only a single Apostolic administration.

## Current Catholic dioceses
### Actual Latin Catholic sees
#### Latin Ecclesiastical province of Tiranë-Durrës

| Ecclesiastical jurisdictions | Latin name | Type | Former name | Established | Area (km$^2$) |
| Rrëshen | Rrësheniensis | Diocese | | 25 December 1888 | 3,463 |
| Tiranë–Durrës | Tiranensis–Dyrracenus | Metropolitan Archdiocese | | 1300 | 2,263 |

#### Latin Ecclesiastical province of Shkodër–Pult

| Ecclesiastical jurisdictions | Latin name | Type | Former name | Established | Area (km$^2$) |
| Lezhë | Alexiensis | Diocese | Alessio | 1400 | 750 |
| Sapë | Sappensis | Diocese | | 1062 | 2,544 |
| Shkodër–Pult | Scodrensis–Pulatensis | Metropolitan Archdiocese | Scutari–Pulsi | 14 March 1867 | 2,363 |

### Albanian Greek Catholic Church

| Ecclesiastical jurisdictions | Latin name | Type | Rite | Ecclesiastical province | Established | Area (km$^2$) |
| Southern Albania | Albaniae Meridionalis | Apostolic Administration | Byzantine | Tiranë–Durrës | 11 November 1939 | 16,172 |

## Defunct Latin jurisdictions
### Titular Latin Catholic sees

| Ecclesiastical jurisdictions | Latin name | Established |
| Arbanum (Arbano, Albano) | Arbanensis | 1166 (as diocese) |
| Chunavia (Konavlje) | Chunaviensis | 1933 |
| Dagnum (Dagno) | Dagnensis | late 14th century (as diocese) |
| Phoenice | Phoenicius | 1933 |
* One Metropolitan Titular archbishopric: Achrida
* Titular bishoprics : Amantia (Amanzia), Apollonia, Aulon, Balecium (Balecio / Balezo), Benda, Buthrotum (Butrinto), Craina, Croæ, Drivastum (Drivasto / Drisht), Glavinitza, Hadrianopolis in Epiro, Lestrona, Onchesmus (Onchesmo), Pulcheriopolis, Sarda, Scampa, Stephaniacum (Stefaniaco)

### Other defunct Latin jurisdictions

* Territorial Abbacy of Shën Llezhri i Oroshit, merged into Roman Catholic Diocese of Rrëshen
Several (arch)bishoprics had their title integrated into the merger:
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Durrës (Durazzo), merged into Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tiranë–Durrës
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Pulati, merged into Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shkodër-Pult
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Shkodër (Shkodrë), merged into Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult