OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kelvin's minimum energy theorem

In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's minimum energy theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1849) states that the steady irrotational motion of an incompressible fluid occupying a simply connected region has less kinetic energy than any other motion with the same normal component of velocity at the boundary (and, if the domain extends to infinity, with zero value values there).

## Mathematical Proof

Let $\mathbf {u}$ be the velocity field of an incompressible irrotational fluid and $\mathbf {u_{1}}$ be that of any other incompressible fluid motion with same normal component velocity $\mathbf {u} \cdot \mathbf {n} =\mathbf {u_{1}} \cdot \mathbf {n}$ at the boundary of the domain, where $\mathbf {n}$ is the unit vector of the bounding surface (and, if the domain extends to infinity, $\mathbf {u} \cdot \mathbf {n} =\mathbf {u_{1}} \cdot \mathbf {n} =0$ there). Then the difference between the kinetic energy is given by
    $T_{1}-T={\frac {1}{2}}\rho \int (\mathbf {u} _{1}^{2}-\mathbf {u} ^{2})\ dV$
can be rearranged to give
    $T_{1}-T={\frac {1}{2}}\rho \int (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )^{2}\ dV+\rho \int (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\cdot \mathbf {u} \ dV.$
Since $\mathbf {u}$ is irrotational and the domain is simply-connected, a single-valued velocity potential exists, i.e., $\mathbf {u} =\nabla \phi$. Using this, the second integral in the above equation can be written as
    $\int (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\cdot \nabla \phi \ dV=\int \nabla \cdot [(\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\phi ]\ dV-\int \phi \nabla \cdot (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\ dV.$
The second integral is identically zero for steady incompressible fluid, i.e., $\nabla \cdot \mathbf {u} =\nabla \cdot \mathbf {u} _{1}=0$. Applying the Gauss theorem for the first integral we find
    $\int (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\cdot \nabla \phi \ dV=\int \phi (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )\cdot \mathbf {n} \ dA$
where the surface integral is zero since normal component of velocities are equal there. Thus, one concludes
    $T_{1}-T={\frac {1}{2}}\rho \int (\mathbf {u} _{1}-\mathbf {u} )^{2}\ dV\geq 0$
or in other words, $T_{1}\geq T$, where the equality holds only if $\mathbf {u} _{1}=\mathbf {u}$, thereby proving the theorem.
# Sergei Zhuravlyov

Sergei Zhuravlyov may refer to:
* Sergei Zhuravlyov (footballer, born 1976), Russian football player
* Serhiy Zhuravlyov (born 1959), Ukrainian football player
# List of gliders (Y)

This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.

## Y
### Yakovlev

(Aleksander Yakovlev)
* Yakovlev AMF-10
* Yakovlev AMF-20
* Yakovlev Yak-14
* Yakovlev APS-10

### Yakstas

( Adolfo Yakstas)
* Yakstas Halcón I
* Yakstas Halcón IIa
* Yakstas Halcón III

### Yamasaki

(Yoshio Yamasaki / Itoh Hikoki Aviation)
* Iton D-1
* Itoh C-6

### Yuneec International

(Yuneec International Ltd, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China)
* Yuneec International EViva

### Yalo S.C.

(Yalo S.C. from Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki)
* Yalo Moto-Bocian

### Yeremeyev

( P. Yeremeyev)
* Yeremeyev Stalinets-4

### Yildiz

(Ali Yildiz)
* Yildiz 1928 glider

### Yokosuka

(Yokosuka Technical Arsenal aka Kyushu)
* Yokosuka MXY5
* Yokosuka MXY8 (glider version of Mitsubishi J8M)
* Yokosuka Shinryu

### Yorkshire Sailplanes

* Yorkshire Sailplanes YS-53 Sovereign
* Yorkshire Sailplanes YS-55 Consort
# Keiichiro Takahara

Keiichiro Takahara (高原慶一朗, Takahara Keiichiro, March 16, 1931 – October 3, 2018) was a Japanese billionaire businessman, the chairman and founder of Unicharm.

## Personal life

Takahara was married with three children and lived in Tokyo. His son Takahisa Takahara is president and CEO of Unicharm. According to Forbes, Takahara had a net worth of $5.2 billion, at the time of his death. He received a Doctorate Honoris Causa in Humanities from Anaheim University in 2000.
# Anthony S. Fell

Anthony Smithson Fell (born 23 February 1939) is a Canadian businessman who was formerly chairman and CEO of Dominion Securities, the corporate and investment banking subsidiary of the Royal Bank of Canada.

## Biography

Fell was born on 23 February 1939 in Toronto to Charles Percival Fell (1894–1988) and Grace Elizabeth Matthews (1898–1974). Charles Fell worked in finance and had begun his career in 1921 in New York with Dillon, Read & Co. From 1929 to 1934 he too worked for the Dominion Securities Corporation, and then from 1934 to 1967 was president of Empire Life. Grace was the daughter of Albert Edward Matthews, the 16th Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, and the sister of army officer Albert Bruce Matthews. Charles and Grace married in 1925 and had four children: Fraser, Albert, Margaret, and Anthony. Anthony's older brother Fraser Matthews Fell (1928–2020) went onto serve as the chairman of Dome Mines. The Fell family are Baptists.
Tony Fell graduated from St. Andrew's College in Aurora in 1959, and that same year joined Dominion Securities. From 1980 to 2000, he was the chief executive officer of Dominion Securities, which RBC purchased a majority stake in 1988 and completely acquired in 1996; thereafter Fell assumed the title of Deputy Chairman of RBC from 1998 to 2000, making him the number two executive after John Cleghorn, the chairman and CEO of the bank holding company RBC. In 2000, Fell relinquished his Deputy Chair title and was succeeded as CEO of RBC Capital Markets by Gord Nixon (who would succeed Cleghorn as CEO of RBC in 2001), and that year RBC DS was also rebranded to RBC Capital Markets (RBC CM). Fell remained Chairman of RBC CM until he retired in 2007.
After retiring from RBC, Fell remains a corporate director. He sits on the board of directors of multiple corporations, including BCE Inc., CAE Inc., and Loblaw Companies In 2001, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
# Landsverk Lynx

The Landsverk Lynx was a series of Swedish 4x4 armoured cars developed by AB Landsverk just prior to World War II.
In Danish service it was designated as PV M39, in Swedish service as pansarbil m/39 (pbil m/39), or pansarbil m/40 (pbil m/40) for a later Volvo production series.

## History

AB Landsverk, who had developed the L-180, L-181 and L-182 family of armored cars, began developing the Lynx in 1937 as a private project. Sweden wasn't particularly interested so AB Landsverk pitted it against the British Alvis-Straussler AC3 in Denmark, after which an order for 18 vehicles were placed by the Danish army. The first prototype was available for trials in January 1938 and three vehicles were shipped to Denmark in April 1938, outfitted with a Madsen 20 mm cannon and Madsen machine guns. Fifteen more vehicles were supposed to be delivered to Denmark but the German invasion of Denmark (1940) derailed this plan and the vehicles were instead requisitioned by Sweden, refitted with new turrets and 20 mm cannons from Bofors and designated pansarbil m/39 (lit. 'armored car m/39'). Thirty more vehicles were ordered by Sweden but, since Landsverk did not have the capacity to produce them, the contract was fulfilled by Volvo and these vehicles bear the designation pansarbil m/40 due to a variety of changes, such as being fitted with 145 hp Volvo engines.

## Characteristics

The Lynx had a low slung body with well sloped, but thin, armor and used a modified Landsverk L-60 turret. The 140 hp Scania-Vabis engine was in the middle on the left side. It was able to be driven from both the front and the rear and featured a crew of six (commander, 3 gunners, and front and rear drivers). All models were armed with three machine guns and a main autocannon.
Wheels were produced by Overman Gummifabriks AB Sundbyberg.

## Operational history

The three Lynx delivered to Denmark were numbered PV9, PV10 and PV11, which formed the basis of two armored car squadrons attached to cavalry regiments. These were captured and used by German police units. Between 1941 and 1943 the Swedish m/40 models were completed and participated in exercises with reconnaissance units. In 1956 thirteen Pansarbils were sold to the Dominican Republic.
# Loxsomopsis

Loxsomopsis is a genus of ferns with a single described species, Loxsomopsis pearcei, found in eastern Central and South America, from Costa Rica to Ecuador. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the genus is placed in the family Loxsomataceae. Other sources place it in an expanded family Cyatheaceae.
# 2000 Empress's Cup final

2000 Empress's Cup Final was the 22nd final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on January 21, 2001. Nippon TV Beleza won the championship.

## Overview

Nippon TV Beleza won their 5th title, by defeating defending champion Tasaki Perule FC 2–1.
# Santa Rita da Cascia in Campitelli

The Chiesa di Santa Rita da Cascia in Campitelli is a deconsecrated church in Rome (Italy), in the rione Sant'Angelo; it is located in Via Montanara, at the crossroad with Via del Teatro Marcello. The church formerly rose on the preexisting church of San Biagio de Mercato, dating at least to the 11th-century. The remains of St Blaise putatively were discovered during the dismantling of Santa Rita.

## History

The church was built in 1643 by architect Carlo Fontana in place of a former church, built by the family Bucabella in the 11th century, and rose at the base of the staircase of Santa Maria in Aracoeli, on its left side. It was dedicated to Saint Blaise. Pope Alexander VII entrusted the church to the brotherhood of the Holy Thorn of the Cross of Jesus. It became property of a confraternity of individuals from Cascia, who advocated for the veneration of the then blessed Rita. The codedication to Saint Rita of Cascia, in addition of Saint Blaise, was added only in 1900, the year of her canonization.
In 1928, as a consequence of the demolitions in the area to make space to the Via del Mare (now Via del Teatro di Marcello), the church was dismantled piece by piece and deposited with the aim of rebuilding it in the same place. Nonetheless, in 1940 the church was rebuilt in its present location, as remembered by a commemorative stone on the left side of the building.
The church is now deconsecrated and used for meetings, conferences and concerts.

## Description

The façade is decorated with lesenes and stuccoes. The interior is on the Greek cross plan with a convex rhomboidal map, like the one of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. The apse, deeper than the side chapels, still houses the baroque altar made of polychrome marbles and a stained glass window depicting Saint Rita of Cascia. The dome is in the middle.
Other churches highly influenced by Borromini's San Carlino include Church of the Gesù, Montepulciano and the Church of the Abbey of the Holy Spirit at Monte Morrone, Sulmona.
# Serbia and Montenegro Handball Cup

Serbia and Montenegro Handball Cup was the national handball cup competition in Serbia and Montenegro.

## Winners

| Season | Winner |
| 1992–93 | Partizan |
| 1993–94 | Partizan |
| 1994–95 | Crvena zvezda |
| 1995–96 | Crvena zvezda |
| 1996–97 | Železničar Niš |
| 1997–98 | Partizan |
| 1998–99 | Železničar Niš |
| 1999–2000 | Sintelon |
| 2000–01 | Partizan |
| 2001–02 | Lovćen |
| 2002–03 | Lovćen |
| 2003–04 | Crvena zvezda |
| 2004–05 | Vojvodina |
| 2005–06 | Vojvodina |

## Results by teams

| Teams | Titles | Seasons |
| Partizan | 4 | 1992–93, 1993–94, 1997–98, 2000–01 |
| Crvena zvezda | 3 | 1994–95, 1995–96, 2003–04 |
| Lovćen | 2 | 2001–02, 2002–03 |
| Vojvodina | 2 | 2004–05, 2005–06 |
| Železničar Niš | 2 | 1996–97, 1998–99 |
| Sintelon | 1 | 1999–2000 |
# List of loop quantum gravity researchers

Note: Only people with Wikipedia articles should be listed.
This is a list of notable researchers in the physics field of loop quantum gravity.
* Abhay Ashtekar, Pennsylvania State University, United States
* John Baez, University of California, Riverside, United States
* Aurélien Barrau, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
* John W. Barrett, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
* Eugenio Bianchi, Pennsylvania State University, United States
* Martin Bojowald, Pennsylvania State University, United States
* Alejandro Corichi, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
* Bianca Dittrich, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada
* Laurent Freidel, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada
* Rodolfo Gambini, University of the Republic, Uruguay
* Jerzy Lewandowski, University of Warsaw, Poland
* Jorge Pullin, Louisiana State University, United States
* Carlo Rovelli, Centre de Physique Théorique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille University and University of Toulon, Marseille, France
* Lee Smolin, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada
* Francesca Vidotto, University of Western Ontario, Canada
# Bouarfa, Algeria

Bouarfa is a town and commune in Blida Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 30,258.
# William Fraser (British India civil servant)

William Fraser (1784 – 22 March 1835) was a British India civil servant who was an Agent to the Governor General of India and Commissioner of the Delhi Territory during the reign of the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar. He was a brother of James Baillie Fraser.
He was assassinated in Delhi in 1835.

## Biography

William was British officer in haryana The village of Rania, "was home muslim women of Rania Village, wife of William Fraser, and William also have his two Anglo-Indian sons and daughter from Amiban."
His bungalow, a low domed structure in lemon yellow colour was situated near Kashmere Gate area, behind St. James Church.
He was killed near his home on 22 March 1835, by Kureem Khan, an assassin hired by Shamsuddin Ahmed Khan, Nawab of Loharu and Ferozepur Jhirka, who shot him with a carbine and Fraser died instantly. The assassination was done due to Shamsuddin being aggrieved at Fraser's espousal of his brother's claims in a property dispute. Nawab Shamsuddin Ahmed Khan, the ruler of Loharu and Ferozepur Jhirka and father of noted Mughal poet, Daagh Dehlvi was hanged in connection with the murder. His death is mentioned in the Delhi Book (1844) of Sir Thomas Metcalfe, a subsequent agent at the Mughal imperial court.
He was first buried at a local burial ground, thereafter reburied at the St. James' Church, Delhi by Colonel James Skinner, who built the church in 1836. Today William Fraser's bungalow houses the Office of Chief Engineer Northern Railways (Construction) and has restricted entry. William Dalrymple mentions visiting the bungalow in his 1994 book City of Djinns.

## Fraser Album

He was among the British officers who were greatly influenced by the Mughal culture. He was a great patron of arts, and was a big admirer of Mughal poet, Ghalib. He also commissioned famed art work called as the Fraser Album. It consisted of works by renowned artists of Mughal era. The artwork covered the life in Mughal era during the time.

## Gallery

* Description of assassination of William Frazer in Delhi Book (1844) of Sir Thomas Metcalfe
* Tomb of William Fraser at St. James' Church, Delhi, near Kashmiri Gate.
# Anthony Barnewall

Anthony Barnewall (1721–1739), was an officer in the Austrian army.
Barnewall was the sixth and youngest son of John, eleventh Baron Trimleston, by his wife and cousin Mary (or Margaret), daughter of Sir John Barnewall. At the age of seventeen, he served in Germany with General Hamilton's regiment of cuirassiers. "His good sense, humility, good nature, and truly honest worthy principles, gained him the love and esteem of all who had the least acquaintance with him" (letter to his brother-in-law Viscount Mountgarret from a general in the imperial service, 1739). There was scarcely an action of any note with the Turks that he was not in, and he always acquitted himself with uncommon resolution. He fell a victim to his headlong bravery in the stubborn battle of Krotzka (September 1739), when the Austrians were defeated by the Turks. Young Barnewall had been promoted to the rank of lieutenant only the day before. His regiment was one of the first that charged the enemy, and, the captain and cornet being killed at the first onset, the lieutenant took up the standard, tore off the flag, tied it round his waist, and led the troop to the charge. Twice he was repulsed, when, turning to his men with the words, "Come on, my brave fellows! We shall certainly do the work now", for the third time he spurred his horse into the thickest of the enemy, where, being surrounded, he fell, covered with wounds.
# Shiva Kirti Singh

Shiva Kirti Singh (born 13 November 1951) is an Indian judge who served as the chairperson of Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal. He previously served as a judge of the Supreme Court of India from 2013 to 2016. He has also served as Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court, acting Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court and Patna High Court and judge of the Allahabad High Court and Patna High Court.
# Bruno Tiago

Bruno Tiago may refer to:
* Bruno Tiago (footballer, born 1981), Portuguese football midfielder
* Bruno Tiago (footballer, born 1989), Brazilian football attacking midfielder
# Kerne

Kerne may refer to:
* Kerne or Kernev, Breton names for the historic region of Cornouaille, in Brittany, France
* Radio Kerne, a radio station in Brittany broadcasting in Breton
* Kerne Bridge, Herefordshire, England, UK; a bridge
* Kerne, a type of traditional Irish soldiery, see Rapparee
# Seri Saujana Bridge

The Seri Saujana Bridge is a main bridge in the planned city Putrajaya, the new (2001) Malaysian federal territory and administrative centre. The bridge's design is a unique combination of a symmetric cable-stayed structure and a through-arch bridge; the through-arch bridge portion is reminiscent of a slender version of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The Seri Saujana bridge, also called Bridge No 8, crosses Putrajaya Lake, an artificial lake made to provide natural cooling, and connects the Core Island (Precinct 4) to the Precinct 7 on Lebuh Sentosa highway. It is strategically located at the main entrance into the Core Island from the south, via the upgraded B15 road (now Putrajaya-Cyberjaya Expressway Federal Route 29) and Kuala Lumpur–Putrajaya Expressway, and links the Core Island, where the main government buildings are, with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport.

## Structure

The Seri Saujana bridge is a new concept of a symmetric cable-stayed through-arch bridge. The bridge was designed by Michael Yamout of PJSI consultants, a Malaysian consulting engineering and architecture firm, as part of series of ten bridges built to access the Core Island within the new governmental city of Putrajaya.
The symmetric cable-stayed system consists of two single column pylons, each inclined away from the main span at an angle of 78°, held by 10 pairs of back stays spread into two planes, and 22 main stay cables in one plane anchored on and pick up the middle spine of the main-span deck. The through-arch system, on the other hand, employs inclined hangers (from arches) anchored on and pick up the outer edges of the main-span deck. With support at the middle and the outer edges, the main-span bridge deck can be made relatively lightweight and slender.
The bridge is controlled by the principal design parameters to reflect a transparent, elegant and futuristic slender looking structure, with an overall single span of 300m and total width of 32m. There are dual three lane carriageways. The deck level varies from RL 35.25m at abutment to RL 35m at centre of the bridge.
The builder of this bridge was Road Builder (M) Sdn Bhd at a cost of US$20 million. It was opened on 31 May 2003.

## Gallery

* Seri Saujana Bridge
* Seri Saujana Bridge by night
* Seri Saujana Bridge 2009
# Bouati Mahmoud

Mahmoud Bahaa is a town in north Algeria.
36°35′N 7°20′E﻿ / ﻿36.583°N 7.333°E﻿ / 36.583; 7.333
* This article about a location in Guelma Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# William Holles (MP)

Sir William Holles (1509/10 – 18 January 1591) JP of Haughton, Nottinghamshire was a member of parliament for Nottinghamshire and also High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests.
He was born the second son of William Holles of Haughton, and Elizabeth, daughter of George Scopham. He married Anne Denzell, daughter of John Denzel of Cornwall on 20 May 1535. After her death he married Ida Grosvenor, daughter of Sir Richard Grosvenor of Cheshire, around 1570.
His children were:
* Denzil Holles (b. ca. 1538 – 12 April 1590) married Eleanor Sheffield, daughter of Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield
* Gervase Holles
* Gertrude Holles
He was elected to parliament in October 1553 as member for Nottinghamshire.
He was elected a Knight of the Carpet on 22 February 1547, two days after the coronation of King Edward VI.
He died on 26 January 1591 and was buried in the family chapel dedicated to St James at his house at Haughton Hall, Nottinghamshire.
# Antioch, Missouri

Antioch is an unincorporated community in Clark County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Antioch was established in 1883, and remained in operation until 1907. The community took its name from a nearby Methodist church of the same name.
In 1925, Antioch had 45 inhabitants.