OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Allie Lewis Clapp

Allison Gimbel Lewis Clapp is an American chef, television and radio personality, and food writer. She is the former food editor for Bon Appétit magazine and is known for her regular television appearances as a segment host and cook on the PBS program Everyday Food.

## Education and career

Clapp graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and earned a bachelor of arts degree in economics from Yale University. She then earned her Grand Diplôme at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. She had previously spent the summer before her senior year in college at Tante Marie's Cooking School in San Francisco, which fostered her passion for food. While in Paris, she worked as a trainee at Restaurant Arpège, Alain Passard's Michelin 3-star restaurant.
After working for Bobby Flay's New York restaurants, Mesa Grill and Bolo, where she served as food and beverage director, Clapp was an event coordinator at Tentation Special Events Catering.
Starting in 2002, Clapp was deputy food editor for Everyday Food magazine, a Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia publication, which launched her foray into television through its companion TV show. Clapp also managed the test kitchen for Everyday Food, where her duties included recipe development and testing. She also wrote a monthly column, "How-To With Allie," where she offered instruction on basic cooking techniques. She was a contributor at its sister publication, Blueprint, and made frequent appearances on Martha Stewart's talk show, Martha, and NBC's The Today Show. Clapp also hosted a daily radio segment called "Everyday Dinners" on Sirius Satellite Radio's Martha Stewart Living Radio, where she offered time-saving ideas for weeknight meals. Her last season of the PBS show was in 2009.
From 2008 to 2012, Clapp was food director for Real Simple magazine, where she oversaw the food section, which was nominated for James Beard, IACP, and ASME awards.
Clapp was named in October 2012 to food editor at Bon Appétit, where she shaped the magazine's monthly food content and oversaw the brand's food-related content across multimedia platforms. She left in June 2014, with her role being succeeded by Carla Lalli Music.

## Personal life

Clapp is the daughter of Patricia G. Lewis and Dr. Randall J. Lewis of Bethesda, Maryland. Her father, an orthopedic surgeon, is a clinical professor at George Washington University medical school. Her mother, an attorney, is a partner in Caplin & Drysdale, a Washington, D.C., law firm. Her great-great grandfather was Adam Gimbel, the founder of the department store chain that bore his name and the operator of other stores, including Saks Fifth Avenue.
In October 2007, she married Andrew Todd Clapp, a partner in Catalyst Investors, an investment firm in New York City. They live in Manhattan's Greenwich Village.
# Osmosensing

In biology, osmosensing is a biological mechanism for detecting changes in environmental salinity. An osmosensor is a biological molecule involved in the process. In cell biology, osmosensing is the detection of changes in the activity of water outside the cell (direct osmosensing) or the structure and composition of the cell itself (indirect osmosensing).
# Backhouse (surname)

Backhouse is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Paxton Backhouse (1851–1939), Australian judge, son of Benjamin
* Benjamin Backhouse (1829–1904), architect and politician in Australia
* Constance Backhouse, CM OOnt FRSC (born 1952), a Canadian legal scholar and historian, specializing in gender and race discrimination,
* Edmund Backhouse (1824–1906), English banker, J.P., and MP for Darlington; son of Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842).
* Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet (1873–1944), British would-be oriental scholar and literary forger; son of Jonathan Backhouse (1849–1918).
* Elizabeth Backhouse (1917–2013), Australian novelist, scriptwriter and playwright
* Flower Backhouse, Countess of Clarendon (d. 1700), First Lady of the Bedchamber; daughter of William Backhouse (1593–1662)
* Frank Backhouse (1863–1933), mining engineer in Western Australia, son of Benjamin
* James Backhouse (1794–1869), English botanist and Quaker missionary; a first cousin of Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842)
* James Backhouse (iv) (1825–1890), botanist, archaeologist, and geologist; son of James Backhouse (1794–1869)
* Sir John Backhouse (1584-1649), English landowner and royalist; son of Samuel Backhouse (1554–1626)
* Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842), banker
* Jonathan Backhouse (1849–1918), British baronet and banker; son of Edmund Backhouse (1824–1906)
* Oliver Backhouse (1875–1943), British admiral; son of Sir Jonathan Backhouse (1849–1918)
* Robert Backhouse (1854–1940), well-known horticulturist and British archer in the 1908 Olympics; great-nephew of Jonathan Backhouse (1779–1842).
* Sir Roger Backhouse (1878–1939), British admiral of the Royal Navy, First Sea Lord 1939; son of Sir Jonathan Backhouse (1849–1918)
* Roger Backhouse (economist), Professor of the History and Philosophy of Economics at the University of Birmingham
* Samuel Backhouse (1554–1626), English merchant and politician
* Tony Backhouse (born 1947), New Zealand musician
* William Backhouse (1593–1662), English alchemist and teacher of Elias Ashmole; son of Samuel Backhouse (1554–1626)
* William Ormston Backhouse (1885–1962), English agriculturalist and geneticist. Son of Robert Backhouse (1854–1940).
# Krisztián Tiber

Krisztián Tiber (born 6 October 1972 in Hungary) is a Hungarian retired footballer.
# Cook Islands at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

Cook Islands competed at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, from 27 September–6 October 2019. Cook Islands had entered 1 athlete.

## Result
### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are for the entire round
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* GR = Games record
* PB = Personal best
* SB = Season best
* DNF = Did not finish
* DNS = Did not start
* NM = No mark
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | Preliminary | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Tikove Piira | 100 m | 11.81 | 27 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Mitrocomidae

Mitrocomidae is an accepted family in the order Leptothecata.
# MIR4761

MicroRNA 4761 is a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR4761 gene.

## Function

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.
# Kazakhstan–Poland relations

Kazakhstan–Poland relations refer to bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Poland. Relations focus on growing trade and political cooperation. Both countries are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, World Trade Organization and United Nations.

## History

Poland and Kazakhstan have a shared history rooted in the mass deportation of ethnic Poles to the former Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in 1939, the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the destinations for the deportations of Poles from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland. After the Sikorski–Mayski agreement, Polish diplomatic posts were established Almaty, Semey, Shymkent, Kostanay, Astana, Pavlodar and Petropavl in 1941–1942. In early 1942, a portion of the Polish Anders' Army along with civilians was relocated to southern Kazakhstan, whereas the remainder was moved to the Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs. The 1st Uhlan Regiment, the 8th Infantry Division and 10th Infantry Division were stationed in Otar, Shokpak and Lugovoy, respectively. The Poles suffered from epidemics and famine and many died. In 1942, the army with many civilians was evacuated to Iran. As of 1943, there were still nearly 77,000 Polish citizens in Kazakhstan, according to Soviet data. After the war, over 62,000 Poles were repatriated from the Kazakh SSR to Poland in 1946–1948.
Poland and Kazakhstan established formal diplomatic relations in 1992. A double tax avoidance agreement was signed between the countries in 1995. Several cooperation agreements were signed between the two countries, concerning economy (2006), tourism (2007), defense (2012), education (2014) and agriculture (2016).

## State visits

Poland President Andrzej Duda hosted Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev in Poland in 2016 for the Polish - Kazakh Economic Forum. Polish presidents Kwaśniewski and Kaczyński visited Kazakhstan in 1999 and 2007 respectively.

## Economic relations

Trade turnover between the two countries exceeded $2.2 billion in 2014. More than 200 Polish businesses are operating in Kazakhstan that have invested about $130 million in Kazakhstan operations. Both countries' foreign trade agencies together established the Polish-Kazakh Intergovernmental Commission on Economic Cooperation to build commercial ties between businesses.

## Transport links

LOT Polish Airlines operates a service from Warsaw to Astana.

## Diplomatic missions

* Kazakhstan has an embassy in Warsaw.
* Poland has an embassy in Astana and a consulate-general in Almaty.
* Embassy of Kazakhstan in Warsaw
# Kellie Lodge

Kellie Lodge is a building in Pittenweem, Fife, Scotland. Located at 23 High Street, it is Category A listed.
Some of the three-storey building dates to 1590, but it was largely rebuilt and restored between 1969 and 1971.
An L-plan town house, it is harled with its margins pantiled. It has swept dormer heads and crowsteps, a front ashlar stair Anstruther tower (older than the lodge to which it is attached) and a turret stair. The rest of the frontage is in a small forecourt.
The lodge was formerly the residence of the Earls of Kellie.

## Gallery

* The building in 1998, looking north along High Street. The northern side of the tower has been built out, to almost being flush with the tower's façade
# Samuel Palmer (disambiguation)

Samuel Palmer (1805–1881) was an English painter.
Samuel Palmer may also refer to:
* Samuel Palmer (biographer) (1741–1813), English minister
* Samuel Palmer (printer) (??–1732), English printer
* Samuel Palmer (surgeon) (1670–1738), English surgeon
# Sambirano woolly lemur

The Sambirano woolly lemur (Avahi unicolor), also known as the Sambirano avahi or unicolor woolly lemur, is a species of woolly lemur native to western Madagascar.

## Description

The species are located in Cacamba, on the peninsula of Ampasindava, in northwestern Madagascar. This sub-species is distinguished form Avahi occidentalis by its lack of the white facial outline and the lack of the black hairless circles that surround the eyes. The face itself is slightly more pale than the upper head which creates a slight contrasting facial outline caused by the fur length and consistency (facial hair is short and not curled in comparison to the rest of the body). The contrasting facial outline has a small fur spot above the nose and the forehead that presents the appearance of a dark line. Its eyes are maroon with black, hairless eyelids. The snout is also black and hairless, but the corners of the mouth have a white tint. The fur of the head and body is a light gray-beige, and has a sightly curled, freckled appearance. Its tail is gray-brown or reddish-brown, while the base is a pale brown or cream color. The back is slightly darker in the shoulder-blade area. The lower body's limbs are an off-white color, while the fur on the chest, belly, and inner limbs is fairly thin and light-gray in color.

## Habitat

This species is very poorly known, since so far there have been just a few specimens found. They might be living in the Sambirano region in north-western Madagascar. Probable limits of their distribution are the Sambirano River in the north and the Andranomalaza or Maevarano River in the south.

## Conservation

As it is not known to which degree the species is hunted, deforestation is probably the main threat it has to face. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES. Since there are only a few known specimens in protected areas, additional research and extending the reserves would be essential.
# Kazanga Makok

Kazanga Makok (born 12 December 1966 or 1963) is a Congolese middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Badenhausen

Badenhausen is a village and a former municipality in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 March 2013, it is part of the municipality Bad Grund.
# 1073 Gellivara

1073 Gellivara, provisional designation 1923 OW, is a dark Themistian asteroid, approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 14 September 1923, and later named after the Swedish town of Gällivare.

## Orbit and classification

Gellivara is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family (602), a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,079 days; semi-major axis of 3.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Vienna on 1 October 1923, two weeks after its official discovery observation.

## Naming

This minor planet was named by Austrian astronomer Joseph Rheden with the consent of the discoverer's second wife, Anna Palisa, after the small Swedish town of Gällivare in Lapland, where astronomers witnessed the total eclipse of the Sun in 1927. Gellivara was the discoverer's last discovery. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 101).

## Physical characteristics

Gellivara is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid, which agrees with the overall spectral type of the Themis family.$^{:23}$

### Rotation period

In November 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Gellivara was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 11.32 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.35 magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gellivara measures between 22.10 and 35.73 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0241 and 0.07. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with IRAS and derives an albedo of 0.0289 with a diameter of 35.76 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.7.
# 1075 Helina

1075 Helina, provisional designation 1926 SC, is a stony Eos asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 29 September 1926, by astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the discoverer's son, Helij Neujmin.

## Orbit and classification

Helina is a member the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family of the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids.$^{:23}$ It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,909 days; semi-major axis of 3.01 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid was first identified as A906 YG at Heidelberg Observatory in December 1906. The body's observation arc begins at Simeiz Observatory in October 1926, nine days after its official discovery observation.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Helij Grigorevich Neujmin (1910–1982), a son of discoverer Grigory Neujmin. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz Schmadel learned about the naming circumstances from Crimean astronomers I. I. Neyachenko and N. S. Chernykh (see 2325 Chernykh).

## Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Helina is a stony S-type asteroid with an unusual spectra (SU).

### Rotation period

In March 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Helina was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 44.554 hours with a brightness variation of 0.91 magnitude (U=2). In April 2013, European amateur astronomers Matthieu Bachschmidt, Paul Krafft, Olivier Gerteis, Hubert Gully and Luc Arnold measured a period of 44.9 hours with an amplitude of 0.64 magnitude (U=3-).
While not being a slow rotator, Helina has a longer-than average period. Its high brightness amplitude is also indicative for an elongated or irregular shape, rather than a spherical one.

### Poles

The asteroid's lightcurve has also been modeled several times. It gave a concurring period of 44.6768 and 44.677 hours, respectively. Modelling in the 2018-study also gave two spin axis of (127.0°, −43.0.0°) and (280.0°, −44.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Helina measures between 26.198 and 37.93 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.11 and 0.129. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.1220 and a diameter of 35.52 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.15.
# Lincoln International Academy

Lincoln International Academy is located in Managua, Nicaragua. It is a Catholic private school. This school that was founded in 1995. It is one of the few schools in Nicaragua that offer bilingual education (Spanish-English). LIA is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools since February 2009. LIA is also a member of the National Catholic Educational Association, the Association of American Schools in Central America, and hosts the Masters in Education Program by Framingham State University.

## History

Founded in Managua in 1991 and later moved to a 5-hectare (12-acre) campus, the new campus was built with the construction building code of California, USA, and has a highly advanced security system. The Nicaraguan Ministry of Education accredited Lincoln International Academy in 1995 .

## Sports

* Basketball
* Cross Country
* Gymnastics
* Soccer
* Swimming
* Track & Field
* Volleyball

## Extracurricular Activities

* HACIA Democracy
* Knowledge Bowl
* Model United Nations
* Mu Alpha Theta
* National Honor Society
* Student Council
# 12th Pennsylvania Regiment

The 12th Pennsylvania Regiment also known as Northampton and Northumberland Defense Battalion was an American infantry unit that fought during the American Revolutionary War as part of the Continental Army. The regiment was raised 23 August 1776 at Sunbury, Pennsylvania, as a state militia regiment and later renamed the 12th Pennsylvania. In January 1777 the 12th was commanded by Colonel William Cooke at Princeton. Assigned to Thomas Conway's 3rd Pennsylvania Brigade, the regiment would see action at Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. The regiment was merged into the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment shortly after Monmouth and went out of existence.
# 1223 in poetry
## Deaths

* Einion ap Gwalchmai (born unknown), one of the Welch Poets of the Princes (approx.)
* Alamanda de Castelnau (born 1160), trobairitz
# 1421 in France

Events from the year 1421 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles VI

## Events

* 21 March - Battle of Baugé is fought during the Hundred Years War. The English commander Thomas, Duke of Clarence, younger brother of Henry V, is killed in battle.

## Births

* 6 December - Henry VI of England, son of Catherine of Valois and claimant to the French throne (died 1471)

## Deaths

* 21 June - Jean Le Maingre, soldier (born 1366)
# Aloe maculata

Aloe maculata (syn. Aloe saponaria), the soap aloe or zebra aloe, is a Southern African species of aloe. Local people in South Africa know it informally as the Bontaalwyn in Afrikaans, or lekhala in the Sesotho language.

## Description

It is a very variable species and hybridizes easily with other similar aloes, sometimes making it difficult to identify. The leaves range in colour from red to green, but always have distinctive "H-shaped" spots. The flowers are similarly variable in colour, ranging from bright red to yellow, but are always bunched in a distinctively flat-topped raceme. The inflorescence is borne on the top of a tall, multi-branched stalk and the seeds are reputedly poisonous.

## Taxonomy

This species was previously known as Aloe saponaria (a name that came from the Latin "sapo" meaning soap, as the sap makes a soapy lather in water). Its currently accepted name, according to the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), is Aloe maculata ("maculata" means speckled or marked).
Taxonomically, it forms part of the Saponariae series of very closely related Aloe species, together with Aloe petrophila, Aloe umfoloziensis, Aloe greatheadii and Aloe davyana.

## Distribution

The soap aloe is highly adaptable and is naturally found in a wide range of habitats across Southern Africa, from Zimbabwe in the north, to the Cape Peninsula in the south. Specifically, it is native to southern and eastern South Africa, south-eastern Botswana and Zimbabwe.
In addition, it is now planted around the world as a popular landscape plant in warm desert regions – especially in the United States, where it is the most popular ornamental aloe in the Tucson, Arizona area, and is also popular in California.

## Uses

This plant gel is used traditionally as a remedy for many medicinal properties by local people like: Skin complains, inflammation, respiratory system, muscular-skeletal system, poisoning, circulation and endocrine system diseases.

### Cultivation

Plants are damaged by temperatures below 32 °F (0 °C), but recover quickly. In a suitable climate, soap aloes require little attention once established. Aloe maculata is very salt tolerant — a good choice for seaside gardens.
A hybrid between A. maculata and A. striata is very popular in the gardening trade and is used for water-wise landscaping worldwide. Aloe maculata (and some of its many hybrids) are low-growing and propagate by suckers. If permitted, they form a useful ground cover in arid regions. Its spotted leaves are attractive even when the plants are not in flower, but the flowers produce a fine show for several weeks in summer. Pollinators, both birds and insects, visit the flowers avidly for nectar and pollen.
* The distinctive flat-topped flower-heads of Aloe maculata are one of the surest ways of identifying this plant.
* Green leaves of Aloe maculata show red tips
* Aloe maculata inflorescence showing speckled or marked flowers on a multi-branched stalk
* Aloe maculata is valuable as a flowering groundcover in arid regions