OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Renewable Energy Foundation

The Renewable Energy Foundation (REF), founded in 2004 by UK TV personality Noel Edmonds, is a United Kingdom-based registered charity with a stated aim of promoting the development of sustainable energy technologies. It has been characterised by its critics as an anti-wind farm organization.

## Activity

The REF's primary activity is commissioning and writing reports to provide information on energy issues.
Since 2006, the REF has published a comprehensive set of statistics, describing in detail the performance of renewable energy generators in the UK that are registered under the Renewables Obligation. On 2 February 2011, the REF released a report critical of wind power, saying it would lead to higher prices for consumers.
The REF also publishes constraint payments made by the National Grid Electricity System Operator to wind farms to reduce output. These payments are made when excess electricity is being generated in a particular region and a grid bottleneck prevents that electricity being exported to a region where the electricity could be used. Wind farm constraint payments reached a record £125 million in 2018, with Scottish wind farms receiving £115 million of this total.
In 2023, the REF published a paper titled "The Economics of Utility-Scale Solar Generation".

## Criticism

The REF has frequently argued against wind farm expansion, and the organization has frequently been accused of in fact being anti-wind, rather than pro-renewable energy.
Critics such as Maria McCaffery, chief executive of RenewableUK, a pro-wind trade body, says the Renewable Energy Foundation's true purpose is diametrically opposed to the interests of the wind energy industry. "It is an anti-wind lobbying organisation," she told BusinessGreen. "I'd like to know where the renewable energy part of their remit is. They don't foster or promote or develop, they just try to undermine the case for wind energy all the time."
In 2011 it was revealed that it had been in discussion in April 2008 with the Charities Commission about its possibly overly political nature.
# Sweet Exchange

Sweet Exchange is the debut solo album by Heather Payne, founding member of Contemporary Christian group Point of Grace. The collection of hymns and worship songs was released on September 14, 2010, by Sandi Patty's Stylos label.

## Track listing

* "Holy, Holy, Holy"
* "O For A Thousand Tongues"
* "Rock of Ages"
* "Hallelujah, What A Savior"
* "My Jesus"
* "Sweet Exchange"
* "O, The Deep, Deep Love" (featuring Terry Jones)
* "Pass Me Not"
* "Be Thou My Vision"
* "Jesus Paid It All"
* "Alas, My Savior Did Bleed"
* "Come Ye Sinners"
* "The Gospel Song"
# Calvin Daniels

Calvin Richard Daniels (born December 26, 1958) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Kansas City Chiefs and Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of North Carolina and was drafted in the second round of the 1982 NFL draft.
# Amin Zaoui

Amin Zaoui (born 25 November 1956) is an Algerian novelist. He was born in Bab el Assa in Tlemcen province and studied at the University of Oran, obtaining a PhD in comparative literature. He moved to France during the Algerian civil war, but returned home in 1999. He has served as the Director General of the National Library of Algeria, and currently teaches comparative literature at the Central Algerian University.
Zaoui is a bilingual writer, and has published novels in both French and Arabic. His work has been translated into a dozen languages. Zaoui's French novel Festin de Mensonges has been translated into English by Frank Wynne. In 2012, his Arabic novel The Goatherd was nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize.
He has also translated French novels by Mohamed Dib and Yasmina Khadra into Arabic.

## Selected works
### Arabic novels

* The Neighing of the Body (1985)
* The Tremor (1999)
* Satan's Road (2009)
* The Goatherd (2012) (nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize)

### French novels

* La Soumission (1998)
* Haras de Femmes (2001)
* Festin de Mensonges (2007) (English translation: Body of Lies by Frank Wynne)
* La Chambre de la Vierge Impure (2009)
* Le miel de la sieste (2014)
* L'enfant de l'oeuf (2017)
# Carlo Gualterio

Carlo Gualterio (1613 – 1 January 1673) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.

## Biography

Gualterio was born at Orvieto. In his family, Silvio Antoniani was cardinal and Sebastiano Gualterio had been Bishop of Viterbo, Papal Nuncio to France and the Council of Trent. He was related to Donna Olimpia Maidalchini and Pope Innocent X Pamphilj, and also grand-uncle of Cardinal Filippo Antonio Gualterio and great-grand-uncle of Cardinal Luigi Gualterio.
He studied law and became a consistorial lawyer. Later he was made referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature and Rector of La Sapienza University, Rome.
Carlo Gualterio was created cardinal deacon in the consistory of 2 March 1654 by Pope Innocent X and opted for the deaconry of S. Pancrazio. From 1672 to 1673 he was Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
He was elected Archbishop of Fermo on 5 October 1654. He took part in the Papal conclave of 1655 and in that of 1667. He resigned the government of the archdiocese before 30 April 1668 in favour of his nephew Giannotto Gualterio. Promoted to the order of Cardinal Priest on 25 December 1668 with the title of Sant'Eusebio, he participated in the Papal Conclave of 1669–1670.
Carlo Gualterio died in 1673 of an apoplexy in Rome. He was transferred to Orvieto and buried in the tomb of his family in the local cathedral
# Carlo Margotti

Carlo Margotti (22 April 1891 – 31 July 1951) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the Roman Curia, served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and was Archbishop of Gorizia and Gradisca for seventeen years.

## Biography

Carlo Margotti was born on 22 April 1891 in Alfonsine, Italy. He studied at the seminaries in Bologna and Rome and was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Bologna on 11 May 1915. From 1915 to 1923 his fulfilled pastoral assignments in Bologna. For part of that time, from October 1915 to September 1919, he also served in the Italian army using his knowledge of Slavic languages to censor mail. He taught at the Bologna seminary for two years and in October 1921 joined the staff of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches as secretary of its Russian section.
On 8 March 1930, Pope Pius XI named him titular archbishop of Mesembria and Apostolic Delegate to Constantinople. He received his episcopal consecration on 25 March 1930 from Cardinal Luigi Sincero. On 12 February 1931, Pope Pius assigned him the additional responsibilities of the Apostolic Delegate to Greece.
On 25 July 1934, Pope Pius appointed him Archbishop of Gorizia. On 27 October 1934, Pope Pius named him a consultor to the Congregation for Oriental Churches.
He was the first Italian to lead the archdiocese after a succession of Slovenes and Austrians. Its territory had only been conjoined to Italy at the end of the First World War. He tried, with limited success, to meet the government's demands for imposing the Italian language against the resistance of his Slovene clergy. He was hampered in this situation by his personal preference for the Italian nationalist point of view. He was arrested at gunpoint and expelled from Gorizia by Yugoslav troops in May 1945 during their brief occupation of the city. He returned after the end of World War II to an archdiocese that had lost almost two-thirds of its area with the redrawing of national boundaries.
He died in Gorizia on 31 July 1951 after a long illness at the age of 60.
# Mang'anja

The Mang'anja are a Bantu people of central and southern Africa, particularly around Chikwawa in the Shire River valley of southern Malawi. They speak a dialect of the Nyanja language, and are a branch of the Amaravi people. As of 1996 their population was estimated at 2,486,070.

## Notable Mang'anja people

* Edward Bwanali
* Yusuf Jonas Msume
* Moses Dosi
* Sidick Mia
* Davis Kapito
* Evison Matafale
* (Peter Mpota)
* Gwanda Chakuamba
# Manor house in Skrzydlów

Manor house in Skrzydlów (Polish: Zespół dworski w Skrzydlowie) is a historic property located in Skrzydlów, in the administrative district of Gmina Kłomnice, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. The estate had a house, guest house, servants' house, and outbuildings.
Built in the mid-19th century, it is a roomy residence of Polish architecture. It was built with thick stone walls, large windows, and high ceilings. The estate was owned by Zofia Siemianska until 1898, when it was purchased by Jean de Reszke (1850–1925), a tenor, who was on tour much of the year. While he was away, his wife lived at the manor occasionally. When he was home, he used the music room in the mornings to work over scores. He displayed photographs and gifts from Queen Victoria, including a large silver tankard that has been said to be the handsomest gift that had given to a guest. He spent the summers at the estate. Anne Marie de Goulaine, his wife, preferred to live in Paris.
Reszke established a horse stud farm there to breed Anglo-Arabian horses. He and his brother Édouard founded the Pławieński Horse Racing Society. The Reszkes liked to hunt—particularly deer and birds—and did so at the Skrzydlów and Garnek estates. Reszke was last at the estate in 1913. It operated as a stud farm until 1999, when the Polish government closed it down.
Located along the Warta River, it is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from another Reszke estate, Borowno, where Reszke had a stud farm and a hunting lodge. He and two of his siblings, Josephine and Édouard, all opera stars, bought estates in the Częstochowa area. Their estates were managed by their sister Emilia and her husband Adam Michalski of Borowno.
The brick octagonal chapel, built between 1820 and 1830, was listed with the provincial register of monuments on December 27, 1967. Senator Jarosław Lasecki owned the property in 2014 when the hunting lodge, also called the steward's house, was destroyed by fire. The lodge was more than 100 years old.
# Ceggia

Ceggia is a town in the Metropolitan City of Venice, in Veneto, northern Italy, known for its carnival. It is crossed by the SP58 provincial road and SS14 state road.

## History
### The origins

The name "Ceggia" derives from the Latin Cilia maris or Cilium maris, which in each case means "sea shore". In ancient times Ceggia was therefore a village on the shores of the Adriatic. The nucleus of the town was formed slightly later than the hamlet of Gainiga, where finds of Roman origin were found which testify to life in these lands (in fact the Via Annia passed here, built by Tito Annio Lusco in 153 BC, which still follows via Colonne and via Anarè). Many Roman objects have been found in the town of Gainiga (coins, amphorae, refreshment points) which make one think of how this peripheral area was very popular in the past, compared to the center of the town. Also in Ceggia were found the Roman bridge, still exposed in its original place, a funerary stele, found by chance by a farmer on via Noghera while he was tilling the land in the 1980s, various Roman coins, some amphorae, exposed at the crossroads of SS14, and a marble stone of Roman origin, found during the construction of the (now abandoned) military base.

### Medieval period

With the end of the Roman period, in Ceggia we witness the progressive deterioration of the works built by the Romans, as in all the surrounding areas. With the barbarian and Lombard invasions, we witnessed the slow sinking of the lands and the advance of the sea waters. It was the Lombards who gave the name "Gainiga" to the center near Ceggia: in fact, in 998, in an imperial decree, the toponym Gaieniga is found, coming from the word Gahagi, meaning "wood, hedge". Even the toponym "Rivazancana" is from this period: in 1024, in the Cittanova pact, we find Rivo cancani, originating from the German term zanka (earthenware).

### Renaissance

In 1317 Ceggia appears to be present in the inventory of the properties of the Da Camino family of Oderzo, while in 1389 it became part of the Serenissima Republic of Venice . In these times a first chapel was built in San Vitale. Many noble Venetian families also arrived in this period, such as the Loredans and the Zenos, who had a villa designed by Andrea Palladio built. But in 1797 Napoleon's conquests brought down the Republic of Venice, so Ceggia and the rest of the Veneto found themselves part of the Austrian government.

## Notable people

* Pietro Sforzin (1919-1986), professional footballer
# Strange Intruder

Strange Intruder is a 1956 American film noir crime film directed by Irving Rapper and starring Edmund Purdom, Ida Lupino and Ann Harding. It was based on the 1952 Australian novel The Shades Will Not Vanish by Helen Fowler. The film was produced by Lindsley Parsons for release by Allied Artists. It was one of a number of noirs featuring Lupino.

## Plot

Dying in a Korea prisoner-of-war camp, Adrian Carmichael learns his wife Alice has been unfaithful back home. He makes friend Paul Quentin promise not to let the Carmichaels' children be raised by another man, no matter what.
Paul escapes from camp and is treated for trauma in a U.S. hospital for veterans. Having no family of his own, he visits Carmichael's and is made welcome. Alice has ended her affair with Howard Gray, but he is blackmailing her. Paul becomes consumed with his friend's last request and has terrible visions of killing Carmichael's kids.
After a fight with Gray, he comes to realize that a return to the VA hospital is necessary. Treated like a part of the family now, Paul believes his frightening promise to be a thing of the past.

## Cast

* Edmund Purdom as Paul Quentin
* Ida Lupino as Alice Carmichael
* Ann Harding as Mary Carmichael
* Jacques Bergerac as Howard Gray
* Gloria Talbott as Meg Carmichael
* Carl Benton Reid as James Carmichael
* Douglas Kennedy as Parry SanBorne
* Donald Murphy as Dr. Adrian Carmichael
* Ruby Goodwin as Annie, Alice's housekeeper
* Mimi Gibson as Libby Carmichael
* Eric Anderson as Johnny Carmichael
# Chaunggan

Chaunggan is a village on the Chindwin River in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. It is located next to Thaungdut.
# Jill Hood-Linzee

Jill Hood-Linzee (18 October 1928 – 17 June 2007) was a British figure skater. She competed in the ladies' singles event at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
# Sweet Falls

Sweet Falls (also called Kshaid Weitden, in the native dialect) is a waterfall in Shillong. It lies about 5 km from Happy Valley and is about 96 metres (315 ft) in height. It is often termed as the "most beautiful" yet "most dangerous" waterfall in Shillong.
The destination is accessible via road. However, tourists are prohibited to go close to the waterfall due to the poor route and treacherous nature of the fall.
The adjacent areas are filled with pine trees. Some of the plant species include Eupatorium, Lantana, Rubus, fern-Osmundastrum cinnamomeum and Phegopteris.

## Deaths

It is believed by the local people that this fall is haunted. If people go in odd number, they return in even number. The waterfall has also been the subject of numerous suicides and is infamous for many deaths.
* In July 2001 Mr. Jangkholen Haokip of Mata Lambulane, Churachandpur, Manipur and Ms. Boicy of Molnom, Churachandpur, Manipur died drowning.
* On 17 March 2013, Karttik Mishra, a 23-year-old student from the Indian Institute of Management died at the falls when he was trekking along with 18 other boys. Sources indicated that the boy slipped and fell into the fall when he was supposedly taking photographs.
* On 2 September 2013 two students from Manipur; Khual Ngaihte and Michael Ngaihte, hailing from Lamka, Churachandpur district died on the falls.
# Maesteg (Neath Road) railway station

Maesteg (Neath Road) railway station served the town of Maesteg, Glamorgan, Wales from 1898 to 1964 on the Llynvi and Ogmore Railway.

## History

The station opened as Maesteg on 14 February 1898 by the Port Talbot Railway. Its name was changed to Maesteg Neath Road on 1 July 1924. It closed to passengers on 11 September 1933 and closed completely in 1964.
# Amo (surname)

Amo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anton Wilhelm Amo (1703–1759), African-German philosopher and writer
* Frangky Amo (born 1986), Indonesian footballer
* José María Amo (born 1998), Spanish footballer
* Pablo Amo (born 1978), Spanish footballer
# American Thunder (roller coaster)

American Thunder is a wooden roller coaster located in the 1904 World's Fair section of Six Flags St. Louis in Eureka, Missouri. Opened on June 20, 2008, the coaster was originally named after and themed to the famous motorcycle daredevil Evel Knievel. It was renamed American Thunder for the 2011 season. To help promote the opening of the then-Evel Knievel Roller Coaster, Knievel's son, Robbie Knievel, jumped a Honda CR-500 motorcycle over 25 Dodge Chargers on July 3, 2008.
As a result of the St. Louis Cardinals losing to the Chicago Cubs in the 2015 National League Division Series, Six Flags St. Louis lost a friendly wager with Six Flags Great America, resulting in the temporary name change of the roller coaster to Cubs Thunder.

## Ride experience

This $7 million GCI wooden roller coaster, which is identical to the Thunderbird at PowerPark, features an 80-foot (24 m) drop with a top speed of 48 mph (77 km/h), going through a course of 2,700 feet (820 m) of track. This ride features 16 hills and multiple high banked turns at up to 67° angles. The layout crosses over and under itself seventeen times. This ride also features two 24-passenger Millennium Flyer trains for better cornering.

## Awards

Golden Ticket Awards: Top wood Roller Coasters :
| Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2022 | 2024 |
| Ranking | 44 | 13 | 23 | 22 | 31 | 25 | 31 | 39 | 33 | 40 | 38 (tie) | 39 | 49 | 45 (tie) |
# American Thyroid Association

The American Thyroid Association (ATA) is a professional organization of over 1700 medical specialists devoted to thyroid biology and to the prevention and treatment of thyroid disease through excellence in research, clinical care, education, and public health. The ATA publishes the journals Clinical Thyroidology for the Public and Signal. The peer-reviewed journals Thyroid, Clinical Thyroidology and VideoEndocrinology are published through Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
# Amomum queenslandicum

Amomum queenslandicum, commonly known as Cape York ginger, is a plant in the ginger family Zingiberaceae found in New Guinea and a small part of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia.

## Description

Amomum queenslandicum is a rhizomatous herb up to 3 m tall. The true stem of the plant—the rhizome—remains underground and only the leaves, flowers and fruit appear above ground. The leaves are glabrous, lanceolate and about 60 cm long by 12 cm wide. The inflorescence is a compact cluster about 5 cm long and 3 cm wide produced at ground level. The fruit is a capsule about 4 cm long by 3 cm wide with nine wings.

## Taxonomy

The Cape York ginger was first described by the Scottish botanist and ginger specialist Rosemary Margaret Smith, who published it in the journal Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh in 1980.

## Distribution and habitat

Amomum queenslandicum favours disturbed areas of lowland and gallery rainforest in Cape York Peninsula and New Guinea, at altitudes from sea level up to 200 m.

## Conservation

Populations of this species are declining, and it is listed as critically endangered under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act. The cause of the decline is likely to be foraging activities of feral pigs. As of 20 June 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

## Gallery

* Flower buds
* X-ray of leaf
# American Vision

American Vision is a United States nonprofit organization founded in 1978 by Steve Schiffman. It operates as a Christian ministry, and calls for "equipping and empowering Christians to restore America’s biblical foundation." The organization promotes Christian reconstructionism and postmillennialism, and opposes dispensationalism. Gary DeMar was the organization's president from 1986 to 2015. From 2015 to March 2019 Joel McDurmon was president, during which time DeMar was Senior Fellow. Gary DeMar returned as president in March 2019 when McDurmon resigned.

## Activities

American Vision publishes books "primarily for use in Christian schools and for home schoolers." The group is active in the creation science movement.
American Vision trains parents, teachers, pastors and activists "in developing family-oriented biblical worldviews." It hosts an annual "Worldview Conference", which has featured speakers such as Herbert Titus.

## Beliefs

American Vision is opposed to abortion. The group maintains that the First Amendment's demand that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" means that Congress may not establish a state religion. The group maintains that the First Amendment does not prohibit members of Congress from making laws that are in submission to the Bible. DeMar has said that not all homosexuals would be executed under a "reconstructed government" but that he did believe that the occasional execution of "sodomites" would serve society well because "the law that requires the death penalty for homosexual acts effectively drives the perversion of homosexuality underground, back into the closet"
DeMar also wrote a "long-term goal" should be "the execution of abortionists and parents who hire them". Islam is another enemy; in August 2010 he said that "the long-term goal of Islam is the abolition of our constitutional freedoms."
In 2010, the Southern Poverty Law Center designated American Vision as an anti-gay hate group because of its purported support of the "death penalty for practicing homosexuals." However, Joel McDurmon, the former president of American Vision, moved the organization away from this position, stating that "Biblical law has transferred First Table punishments from earthly civil governments to the throne of heaven", and that right now only the moral principles are still binding.
# Amorphous silica-alumina

Amorphous silica-alumina is a synthetic substance that is used as a catalyst or catalyst support. It can be prepared in a number of ways for example:
* Precipitation of hydrous alumina onto amorphous silica hydrogel
* Reacting a silica sol with an alumina sol
* Coprecipitation from sodium silicate / aluminium salt solution
Water-soluble contaminants, e.g. sodium salts, are removed by washing. Some of the alumina is present in tetrahedral coordination as shown by NMR studies $^{29}$Si MASNMR and $^{27}$Al NMR Amorphous silica-alumina contains sites which are termed Brønsted acid (or protic) sites, with an ionizable hydrogen atom, and Lewis acid (aprotic), electron accepting sites and these different types of acidic site can be distinguished by the ways in which, say, pyridine attaches. On Lewis acid sites it forms complexes and on the Brønsted sites it adsorbs as the pyridinium ion.
As of 2000 examples of processes that use silica-alumina catalysts are the production of pyridine from crotonaldehyde, formaldehyde, steam, air and ammonia and the cracking of hydrocarbons,
# Amor Enterrado

Amor Enterrado (English: "Buried Love") is a song by American singer Romeo Santos with Dominican singer Joe Veras. It is the eighth single for Santos' fourth studio album Utopía (2019). The music video was released on August 22, 2019. It was directed and produced by Fernando Lugo.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Dominican Republic Bachata (Monitor Latino) | 10 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 45 |