OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spud (nickname)

Spud or Spuds is a nickname for:

## Spud

* Simon Beggs, former guitarist in the American rock hybrid band Mondo Generator
* Jim Bolger (born 1935), former Prime Minister of New Zealand
* Mark Carroll (rugby league) (born 1967), Australian rugby league player
* Spud Chandler (1907–1990), American baseball player
* Spud Clements (1928–1992), American politician
* Spud Davis (1904–1984), American Major League Baseball catcher, coach, scout and manager
* George Raymond Eisele (1923–1942), United States Navy sailor killed in World War II
* Michael Firrito (born 1983), Australian rules footballer
* Danny Frawley (1963–2019), Australian rules footballer and coach
* Spud Harder (1906–1994), American college football player, college football and baseball coach and college athletic director
* Spud Johnson (1856-?), American Major League Baseball player
* Howie Krist (1916-1989), American Major League Baseball pitcher
* John McConnell (actor) (born 1958), American actor and radio personality
* Arthur Melin, co-founder of the Wham-O toy company and co-inventor of the modern hula hoop
* Sadao Munemori (1922–1945), United States Army soldier posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor
* Arthur William Murphy (1891-1963), Royal Australian Air Force aviator and temporary air commodore
* Peter Murphy (footballer, born 1922) (1922-1975), English footballer
* Peter Dutton (born 1970), Australian politician
* Spud Owen, head football coach for the Eureka College Red Devils (1953-1955)
* Spud Webb (born 1963), American basketball player

## Spuds

* Theodore G. Ellyson (1885-1928), first United States Navy aviator
* Andy Hebenton (1929–2019), Canadian National Hockey League player

## Other

* Spuddz (born 1994), English comedian and internet personality
# Patliputra Natya Mahotsav

Patliputra Natya Mahotsav (PNM), started in 1985, is an annual theatre festival organized in the Patna, India by the Prangan, a Cultural Organization, with the help of Union and state ministries of culture. held annually (usually in the February or march) at the Kalidas Rangalaya. The first Patliputra Natya Mahotsav was held in 1985 and 2023 was its 37th edition.
# Ramón Antonio Ramírez

Ramón Antonio Ramírez, nicknamed Manolito (born 20 October 1974), is a Dominican politician and businessman. Since 2016, he serves as the village director of Verón-Punta Cana.

## Early life

Ramírez is the son of Manolo Ramírez (Pupilo) and Kenia Yoannes de la Rosa Molina (Morena). He was born on October 20, 1974, in La Romana, Dominican Republic. His siblings are Jenny Ramírez de la Rosa, Hendrick Ramírez de la Rosa and Nikauris Ramirez de la Rosa. Manolito was educated in Higüey at the College of Our Lady of Altagracia and completed his university studies at the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, obtaining a degree in Systems Engineering.

## Career
### Business

Ramírez began his career in his family's business, the transportation and service company ALTTOURS, where he worked beginning in 1997. Starting at the lowest position, he climbed the ladder to the ranks of management, so that today he holds the position of manager.
Ramírez was president of the Dominican Association of Tourist Transporters (ADOTRATUR) from 2000 to 2014. In 2014 he was elected to the presidency of the National Federation of Tourist Services (FENASETUR). During his tenure at ADOTRATUR, he helped solve relevant problems in the area of tourist transport that affected the area.

### Politics

Ramirez became involved in local politics in the municipality of Verón in November 2013 accepting the nomination from the Movimiento Socio Político Nueva Generación [New Generation Socio-Political Movement], later gaining the endorsement from the Partido de la Liberación Dominicana [Dominican Liberation Party] after winning the Municipal District primary elections of December 13, 2015. He won the general election in May 2016, getting more than 50% of the votes, to be elected as the District Director for the period 2016 - 2020. In this position he has accomplished much in a short time, implementing high-impact management changes.
In October 2016, Ramírez was named Vice President of the Federación Dominicana de Distritos Municipales [Dominican Federation of Municipal Districts] (FEDODIM) at their annual Congreso Pedro Reynoso. He is regarded as a model young politician, with broad vision, tourism expertise, and a commitment to service and community leadership.

## Personal

Ramirez is married to Wendy Ruth Gómez Banks, a lawyer, with whom he has three children: Wendely Manely Ramirez Gomez, Mariely Isabella Ramirez Gomez and Isanely Paulette Ramirez Gomez.
# Leptothyrium

Leptothyrium is a genus of fungi belonging to the order Pleosporales, family unknown.
The genus has an almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species: (list is highly incomplete)
* Leptothyrium acerigenum Kabát & Bubák
* Leptothyrium aegiphilae Henn.
* Leptothyrium aegiphilae Syd. & P.Syd.
# Apostolic Nunciature to Mongolia

The Apostolic Nunciature to Mongolia is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Mongolia. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The title Apostolic Nuncio to Mongolia is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to South Korea; he resides in South Korea.

## List of papal representatives to Mongolia
### Apostolic Nuncios

* John Bulaitis (8 September 1992 – 25 March 1997)
* Giovanni Battista Morandini (23 April 1997 – 6 March 2004)
* Emil Paul Tscherrig (17 June 2004 – 26 January 2008)
* Osvaldo Padilla (26 April 2008 – 15 September 2017)
* Alfred Xuereb (26 February 2018 – 8 December 2023)
* Giovanni Gaspari (2 March 2024 – present)
# İbrahimözü, Göynük

İbrahimözü is a village in the Göynük District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 434 (2021).
# Kuustonen

Kuustonen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Iina Kuustonen (born 1984), Finnish actress
* Mikko Kuustonen (born 1960), Finnish singer-songwriter and television personality
# Oaken Wood

Oaken Wood is a 18.7-hectare (46-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Maidstone in Kent. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.
Known locally as "Barming Wood" due to the village of Barming being the closest settlement to Oaken Woods, it is an ancient woodland with orchids, dormice, tawny owls, nightingales and many species of bat (alongside various other species).
This site provides the best example of a very unusual topography, with cracking and tilting of underlying weaker strata during the Pleistocene by periglacial processes producing crests and troughs in the surface rocks.
A public footpath crosses the site.
In 2013, plans to uproot parts or all of Oaken Wood for a ragstone quarry were met with controversy due to its environmental importance (with various different species residing there) and its possibility in setting a legal precedent for up to 300 other ancient woodlands in the UK.
# 1766 in France

Events from the year 1766 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Louis XV

## Events

On March 3, 1766, Louis XV gave a speech to the Parlement of Paris addressing his problems with the actions of the magistrates.

## Art

* Saint Peter Attempting to Walk on Water, oil painting by François Boucher

## Births
### Dates known

* July 8 - Dominique Jean Larrey, surgeon and military doctor(died 1842)
* August 6 - Charles-François Beautemps-Beaupré, hydrographic engineer and cartographer (died 1854)

### Full date missing

* Louis-François Bertin, journalist and publisher (died 1841)
* Thomas Henry (patron of the arts), painter and patron of the arts (died 1836)
* Marie-François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga, military officer (died 1849)

## Deaths
### Full date missing

* Jean-Marc Nattier, painter (born 1685)
* Adrien Maurice de Noailles, aristocrat and soldier (born 1678)
* Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni, decorator and architect (born 1695)
* Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, military officer (born 1702)
# List of Cold War weapons and land equipment of Spain

This is a list of Cold War weapons and land equipment of Spain. Spain was a dictatorship under Francisco Franco until 1975, when it began its transition to democracy after Franco's death. Spain joined NATO in 1982.

## Small arms
### Rifles

* Mauser Model 1893: known as the Spanish Mauser, some were still in frontline use in the 1950s, meaning the rifle had been in Spanish service for 60 years.
* Spanish M43: main Spanish weapon in the 1950s, copy of the World War II-era Karabiner 98k from Germany.
* FR8: conversion of Spanish Mausers and Karabiner 98k rifles as training rifles until enough of the CETME rifles were in stock to train all recruits. Chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO. Saw use in the Guardia Civil, the Spanish Gendarmerie, into the 1970s.
* CETME rifle: the main Spanish Cold War assault rifle entered service in the early 1960s. Designed by the German Ludwig Vorgrimler while he was working for the Spanish CETME arms company, it later became the basis for Germany's own main Cold War service rifle, the Heckler & Koch G3.

### Machine guns

* ALFA M44: created during World War II in Spain and the main Spanish Cold War machine gun.
* CETME Ameli: entered service in the early 1980s.

### Submachine guns

* Star Model Z-45: Spanish submachine gun based on the MP 40, saw service in the 1950s.

### Infantry anti-tank weapon

* 88.9mm Instalaza M65 Bazooka: improved Spanish variant of the M20 Super Bazooka which saw a long life in the Spanish Army. Earlier variants called M53 and M58.

## Artillery
### Self propelled

* M37 105 mm howitzer motor carriage
* M107 self-propelled gun
* M108 howitzer
* M110 howitzer

## Armoured fighting vehicles (AFV)
### Light tanks

* Panzer I
* T-26
* BT tank
* M24 Chaffee
* M41 Walker Bulldog

### Tankettes

* L3/35

### Medium tanks

* Panzer IV

### Tank destroyers

* Sturmgeschütz III

### Main battle tanks (MBT's)

* M47 Patton
* M48 Patton
* AMX-30E:Spanish variant of the French AMX-30.

### Armoured personnel carriers (APC)

* M113 armored personnel carrier
* Pegaso BMR: made by Spain.
# Zachary Cawdry

Zachary Cawdry or Cawdrey (1616 – 1684) was a Church of England clergyman and writer, author of the Discourse of Patronage (1675). He was Rector of Barthomley in Cheshire during the Commonwealth, and for fourteen years after the Restoration.

## Biography
### Life

Zachary Cawdry was born in 1616 at Melton Mowbray, of which town his father, also called Zachary, was vicar. He was educated for seven years at the free school at Melton, and went thence, at the age of sixteen, to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he was "sub or proper sizar to the then master, Dr. Humphrey Gower. In 1642 he proceeded MA, was proctor 1647–8, and in 1649 became rector of Barthomley in Cheshire. He continued at Barthomley until his death in 1684, and was buried there "near his wife, Helen, and his very dear pupil, John Crewe".

### Works

Cawdry's one title to fame is his Discourse of Patronage, which, though little more than a pamphlet (it contains only forty-five pages), well deserves to escape oblivion. It gives a very lucid and sensible account of the subject, written with great vigour and eloquence, and closes with an earnest appeal for reform. Its full title is A Discourse of Patronage; being a Modest Enquiry into the Original of it, and a further Prosecution of the History of it, with a True Account of the Original and Rise of Vicarages, and a Proposal for the Enlarging their Revenues. Also an Humble Supplication to the Pious Nobility and Gentry to endeavour the Prevention of Abuses of the Honorary Trust of Patronage, with a Proposal of some Expedients for regulating it, most agreeable to Primitive Pattern; wherein at once the just Rights of Patrons are secured, and the People's Liberty of Election of their own Minister in a great measure indulged. By Z. Cawdry, 1675. The little work is divided into seven chapters, which treat respectively of:
* The Original of the Evangelical Ministry, showing the Primitive Church to have been not Parochial, but Diocesan.
* The Maintenance of the Clergy in Primitive Churches.
* The Donation of Tithes by Kings and Emperors.
* The Original of Patronage by Donation of Manse and Glebe.
* The Original of Impropriation and Vicarages.
* Mischiefs of Simony.
* A Supplication to the Nobility and Gentry.
The only other publication of Cawdry extant is a single sermon preached at Bowdon in Cheshire, at the funeral of Lord Delamere, better known as Sir George Booth, whose rising in 1659 "gave" (to use the language of the preacher) "the first warm and invigorating spring-beam to the frostnipt loyalty of the nation".
# Leptothyra nanina

Leptothyra nanina is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colloniidae.

## Description

The shell reaches a height of 4 mm. The minute, umbilicate shell is suborbicular. The apex is obtuse. The shell is spirally impressed-striate. The apex, the subsutural tract and the base show impressed radiating striae. The color of the shell is white and marked around the periphery with rosy equally spaced spots. There are five, convex whorls. The aperture is rounded. The columella is thickened. The narrow umbilicus is deep, rounded, and radiately plicate on the edge.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Indo-West Pacific and off Australia and New Caledonia.
# Ködnitz

Ködnitz is a municipality in the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany.

## Municipal division

Ködnitz is arranged in the following boroughs:
* Ebersbach
* Fölschnitz
* Forstlasmühle
* Haaghof
* Hauenreuth
* Heinersreuth
* Höllgraben
* Kauerndorf
* Ködnitz
* Leithen
* Listenberg
* Meierhof
* Mühlberg
* Pinsenhof
# Retinal Bloom

Retinal Bloom is the fourth studio album by the Scary Jokes, the musical project of American singer-songwriter Liz Lehman. The album was released on May 26, 2023, by Needlejuice Records on streaming services, CD, vinyl, and cassette. All songs were written by Lehman and produced by Lehman and Angel Marcloid.
Retinal Bloom has been described as "nightmare pop", with a darker mood and more abstract lyrics compared to their previous album, BURN PYGMALION!!! A Better Guide to Romance.

## Songs

Retinal Bloom was supported by the singles "Magic Hat," "Our Murderous Descent," "Uzumaki," "Elephant Foot," and "Riptide". Lehman was inspired to write "Our Murderous Descent" after standing near a large waterfall; during the songwriting process, they connected the concept of standing up under the force of a waterfall to members of the LGBTQ community supporting each other in the face of hostility. "Riptide" is based on the 2009 horror comedy film Jennifer's Body and the media's exploitation of the film's lead actress, Megan Fox.
The song "Elephant Foot" contains lyrics which pertain to the Elephant's Foot, a mass of radioactive material underneath the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, and to hostility faced by Lehman due to their queer identity and status as an Internet personality.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Liz Lehman

## Personnel

* Liz Lehman – producer, artwork
* Angel Marcloid – producer, mixing, mastering
* Brandon Brown – layout, photography, executive producer
* Jace McLain – executive producer
# Apasionada

Apasionada may refer to:
* Apasionada (Mexican TV series), Mexican telenovela 1964
* Apasionada (Argentine TV series), Argentine telenovela 1993
* Apasionada (album), an album by Ednita Nazario
* Apasionada, a 1992 album by flautist Jane Rutter
# Jorge Salcedo

Jorge Salcedo is the name of:
* Jorge Salcedo (actor) (1915–1988), Argentinian actor
* Jorge Salcedo (soccer) (born 1972), American soccer player and coach
* Jorge Salcedo Cabrera (born 1947), Colombian informant for the DEA
# Atherix

Atherix is a genus of 'ibis flies' belonging to the family Athericidae, a small family very similar to the Rhagionidae (snipe flies). Species within this genus are present in most of Europe and also in the Nearctic realm.

## Species

* Atherix alagezica Paramonov, 1926
* Atherix amicorum (Thomas, 1985)
* Atherix apfelbecki Strobl, 1902
* Atherix aurichalcea Becker, 1921
* Atherix basilica Nagatomi, 1958
* Atherix chrysopiliformis Lindner, 1924
* Atherix dalmatica (Szilády, 1934)
* Atherix dispar Bezzi, 1909
* Atherix erythraspis Bezzi, 1909
* Atherix flavipes (Fabricius, 1781)
* Atherix ibis (Fabricius, 1798)
* Atherix ignota Szilády, 1934
* Atherix lantha Webb, 1977
* Atherix lugubris Macquart, 1834
* Atherix marginata (Fabricius, 1781)
* Atherix maroccana Séguy, 1930
* Atherix neotropica Lindner, 1924
* Atherix nicolae Thomas, 1993
* Atherix pachypus Bigot, 1887
* Atherix picta Loew, 1869
* Atherix vaillanti (Thomas, 1982)
* Atherix variegata Walker, 1848
* Atherix vicina Szilády, 1943
# 1847 in Belgium

Events in the year 1847 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Leopold I
* Prime Minister: Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (to 12 August); Charles Rogier (from 12 August)

## Events

* 7 June – Théâtre des Galeries opens in Brussels.
* 8 June – Partial legislative elections.
* 20 June – Galeries Royales Saint-Hubert shopping arcade opened in Brussels.
* 1 July – Opening of the Exposition des produits de l'industrie nationale in Brussels.
* 9 August – Antwerp–Ghent railway line completed.
* 27 September – Premonstratensians return to Postel Abbey.

## Publications
### Periodicals

* Annales parlementaires de Belgique
* Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique (Brussels, M. Hayez), vol. 14.
* Messager des sciences historiques (Ghent, Léonard Hebbelynck).
* Revue de Bruxelles

### Exhibitions

* J.B.A.M. Jobard, Exposition de l'industrie Belge 1847
* Catalogue des produits de l'industrie belge admis à l'exposition de 1847

### Scholarship

* André Dumont, Mémoire sur les terrains Ardennais et Rhénan de l'Ardenne, du Rhin, du Brabant et du Condros (Brussels, Hayez)
* Émile Louis Victor de Laveleye, L'Histoire des rois francs

### Literature

* Tegenwoordig België (Liberalen, Katholyken en Vlaemsche-beweging) door Een' Noord-Nederlander beoordeeld (Ghent, Snoeck-Ducaju en zoon); reprinted from De Gids.
* Hippoliet Van Peene, "De Vlaamse Leeuw", song set to music by Karel Miry
* Hippoliet Van Peene, Willem van Dampierre, historical drama

## Art and architecture
### Buildings

* Jean-Pierre Cluysenaar's Galeries Royales Saint-Hubert completed

### Paintings

* Antoine Wiertz, La Belle Rosine

## Births

* 9 March – Martin Pierre Marsick, composer (died 1924)
* 9 April – Léon Mignon, sculptor (died 1898)
* 11 May – Godefroid Kurth, historian (died 1916)
* 27 August – Édouard Descamps, jurist and politician (died 1933)
* 31 August – Arthur Verhaegen, architect and politician (died 1917)
* 3 October – Frantz Jourdain, architect (died 1935)

## Deaths

* 19 March – Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck (born 1805), writer
* 4 April – Julie du Bosch (born 1797), social reformer
# Patrick Segrave

Patrick Segrave (died c.1610) was an Irish judge of the early seventeenth century, who was removed from office for numerous incidents of corruption.
He was born at Killegland, now Ashbourne, County Meath, son of Richard Segrave, Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland) who was head of a prominent landowning family. Little is known of his mother. He married before 1589 Mary Dillon, daughter of Chief Justice Robert Dillon and his second wife Catherine Sarsfield. In 1589 his father-in-law sent him to London with gifts of hawks and horses for the Privy Council. On his father's death in 1598 Patrick was appointed to his place as a Baron of the Exchequer.
He was charged in 1602 with "diverse causes (cases)" of bribery and corruption, and stood trial before the Court of Castle Chamber, the Irish equivalent of Star Chamber. The Delahide family's lands at Dunshaughlin, County Meath had been forfeited to the Crown for treason. Segrave was accused of conspiring with Richard Read and David Russell to procure a jury to find the title to the land (i.e. award the title) in favour of Read, and of receiving a large bribe in return; he was also charged with attempting to bribe Sir Richard Cooke, the Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland. Segrave was found guilty, removed from office by the Lord Deputy of Ireland, fined £1000 and imprisoned at the pleasure of the Crown.
His disgrace was not permanent: in 1607 he was admitted to the King's Inns and became a member of its governing council. He attended meetings of the council until 1610, after which his name disappears from the records. The Patrick Segrave of Killeglan whose estates were forfeited for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 was probably his son or grandson.
# ZYPAD

The ZYPAD is a PDA designed to be worn on a user's wrist like a bracer and offers interface port features similar to laptop computer. It was developed by Parvus, a military contractor, and Eurotech. It is arguable whether it qualifies as a watch, but it is referred to as a "Wrist Worn PC". It ships with Linux kernel 2.6 and also supports Windows CE 5.0, and can sense motion, allowing such possibilities of use such as going into standby mode when a user lowers his/her arm. It can determine its position by dead reckoning as well as via GPS. It supports Bluetooth, IrDA, and WiFi.
The ZYPAD debuted in 2006 and the ZYPAD WL 1000 was the first marketed device, followed by the WL 1100. Initial retail prices were set to be around $2000. The Zypad WR1100 debuted in 2008 and features housing made out of high strength fiberglass-reinforced nylon-magnesium alloy and a biometric fingerprint scanner.
# Kutyna

Kutyna is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Marty Kutyna (born 1932), American baseball player
* Donald J. Kutyna (born 1933), United States Air Force general
# Jim Hargrove (American football)

James Lawrence Hargrove (February 21, 1945 – August 17, 2017), also known as Red Hargrove, was an American football player who played as a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) from 1967 to 1972. Born in Temple, Texas, he attended Academy High School in Little River-Academy, Texas, followed by Howard Payne University and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the 14th round (348th overall) of the 1967 NFL/AFL Draft. He played for the team for four seasons before joining the St. Louis Cardinals in 1971. He played for the Cardinals for two seasons, making his final professional appearance in 1972. He died in Lampasas, Texas.
# Kundan Satti

Kundan Satti is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language animated children's film directed by P. K. Aghasthi. It was released on 13 October 2023.

## Voice cast

The title derives its name from the two lead characters Kundaeswaran and Sattiswaran.
* Sriram
* Vidyuth Srinivas
* Vishodhan

## Production

Prior to release, the firm garnered attention for being directed by P. K. Aghasthi, a 12-year-old girl from Chennai. She initially wanted to write a book on a story based in Kumbakonam but after learning animation during the COVID-19 lockdown, she wanted to make a film. An audio release event was held in Chennai during February 2023.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. S. Amargeeth and features three songs. The lyrics are written by Arangan. The songs are sung by Sriram, Vidyuth Srinivas and Vishodhan.
* "Chittu Kuruvi Pola"
* "Ooda Ooda" -
* "Theme Song"

## Reception

The film was released on 13 October 2023 across theatres in Tamil Nadu. A critic from Maalai Malar praised the film intentions, but questioned the quality of the animation. A reviewer from Thinaboomi gave the film a positive review.
# Joseph Howard (cricketer)

Joseph Howard (12 January 1871 – 25 January 1951) was an English first-class cricketer, who played five games for Worcestershire at the turn of the twentieth century.
He made his debut against Yorkshire in May 1900, opening the batting in both innings but making only 0 and 1 as Worcestershire were beaten by an innings and five runs in a very low-scoring game (Worcs 43 & 51; Yorks 99). His highest score of 28 came in his last match, against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in June 1901; this was also the scene of the only catch he took in his career, to dismiss John Rawlin.
Howard was born in Epsom, Surrey; he died at Evenlode House in Gloucestershire at the age of 80.