OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rütger Wever

Rütger Wever was a German scientist, known for his significant contributions to the field of Chronobiology, including some of the first experiments on humans in time isolated environments.

## Time isolation experiments

Rütger Wever's research focused on the human circadian rhythm, and how humans behave when placed in an environment where they have no external time cues and are free to choose their own sleep/wake and light/dark schedules. Working with his close collaborator Jürgen Aschoff, he had an underground bunker constructed in Andechs, Germany, for use as a laboratory in which human subjects could be shielded from any external time cues, including variations in light, temperature, and electromagnetic fields. Between 1964 and 1989, this bunker was used to conduct 418 studies in 447 human volunteers.
One of the key findings of these experiments was that when free to self-select their schedules, humans run on an approximately 25-h day. More recent experiments have shown that the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker is actually 24.1-24.2 h. However, when subjects are free to self-select their schedules, they choose to go to bed at a much later circadian phase, resulting in a lengthening of the sleep/wake cycle period due to the delaying effects of light exposure at these nighttime circadian phases.
Another seminal finding that came out of the Andechs bunker experiments, was the discovery that human sleep/wake cycles could desynchronize from the circadian rhythm of core body temperature. This phenomenon, called 'Spontaneous Internal Desynchrony', typically occurred in subjects after a duration of days to weeks. Strikingly, the length of the sleep/wake cycle varied significantly (from 12 h in some subjects to 68 h in others), while the core body temperature rhythm maintained a period close to 25 h. Under these conditions, subjects were typically unaware of the change in their sleep/wake cycle period. The exact biological basis of this desynchronization remains unknown.
The Andechs bunker was used to study human circadian rhythms under a range of conditions, including visual blindness and depression. The results improved understanding of the mechanisms that synchronize the circadian pacemaker to the environment, and had important implications for understanding the cyclicity of many affective disorders.

## Mathematical models

Wever's background in Physics allowed him to develop some of the first mathematical oscillator models of the human circadian rhythm. This work helped to show that coupled oscillator models can reproduce many of the features of Spontaneous Internal Desynchrony, and set the groundwork for later development of more sophisticated models.
# Bitlis uprising (1907)

The Bitlis uprising was a Kurdish uprising in Bitlis against the Ottoman Empire in 1907. The causes of the revolt laid in tensions between local Kurds and the governor of Bitlis following an earthquake in March earlier that year. It began on 22 June 1907, and lasted 38 days, before it was quelled by an Ottoman force on 30 July. Another uprising in Bitlis would break out in March 1914.
# Waldheim

Waldheim may refer to:

## Places

* Waldheim, Saskatchewan, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada
* Waldheim, Saxony, a town in Saxony, Germany
* Waldheim (Hanover), a suburban district of Hanover, Germany
* Waldheim (Umm al 'Amad) or Alonei Abba, an Evangelical settlement of 1907 in northern Israel
* Valdgeym, or Waldheim, a rural locality in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia
* Waldheim, the home of Gustav Weindorfer which was instrumental in establishing Cradle Mountain National Park in Tasmania, Australia
* Waldheim, the country home of James Speyer, an American banker
* German Waldheim Cemetery, now Forest Home Cemetery in Forest Park, Illinois

## People with the surname

* Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (1771–1853), German-Russian zoologist, anatomist, entomologist and paleontologist
* Alexandr Alexandrovich Fischer von Waldheim (1839–1920), Russian botanist, grandson of the above
* Elisabeth Waldheim (1922–2017), Kurt Waldheim's widow and a former first lady of Austria
* Kurt Waldheim (1918–2007), President of Austria and Secretary-General of the UN
* Donald Walheim (born 1939), American professional heavyweight boxer
* Zanis Waldheims (1909–1993), Latvian painter
# Lisa Philipps

Lisa Philipps is the provost and vice-president academic of York University.
Phillips studied law at the University of Toronto, where she got her LLB, and subsequently at York University, where she received her LLM. She was called to the bar in Ontario in 1988. She practiced with Blake, Cassels & Graydon before entering academia.
Phillips became a professor at Osgoode Hall Law School in 1996. Her research included criticism of governments that pursue balanced budgets. In 2015 she served for a year as interim dean of the Bora Laskin Faculty of Law at Lakehead University.
In 2017 Phillips was appointed as interim provost for one year. During that year she played a public role in the 2018 York University strike of contract faculty. In 2018 she was appointed to a five-year term.

## Selected publications

* Phillips, Lisa (2016), "Registered Savings Plans and the Making of Middle-Class Canada: Toward a Performative Theory of Tax Policy" (PDF), Fordham Law Review, 84 (6): 2677–2698
* Phillips, Lisa (2013), "Real Versus Notional Income Splitting - What Canada Should Learn from the US "Innocent Spouse" Problem", Canadian Tax Journal, 61 (3): 709–721
# Kersen, Refahiye

Kersen is a village in the Refahiye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Turks and had a population of 30 in 2022.
# Berenice Owen-Jones

Berenice Owen-Jones is an Australian diplomat who is currently Australian High Commissioner to Ghana since July 2022.

## Diplomatic career

Owen-Jones earned a Bachelor of Economics, and a Diploma of International Law, from the Australian National University in 1987 and 1988, respectively.
Owen-Jones joined the public service in 1988, and has served in the Department of Trade, the Office of National Assessments, and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. From 1999 to 2001, she was First Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Paris, and was a ministerial speechwriter for the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Downer and then Stephen Smith, from 2006 to 2008. In 2016-2017, she was Director of Studies of the Diplomatic Academy.
In June 2017, Owen-Jones was appointed as the first resident Australian Ambassador to Morocco, tasked with establishing the new embassy. Serving as ambassador until October 2020, Owen-Jones was awarded the rank of Commander of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite by King Mohammed VI of Morocco, being presented with the award by the Moroccan ambassador to Australia, Karim Medrek, on 22 February 2021.
On 6 July 2022, she was appointed Australian High Commissioner to Ghana, with non-resident accreditation for Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. She presented her letters of commission to the President of Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo, on 27 September 2022.
# The Cheating Game

The Cheating Game is a 2023 Philippine romantic drama film directed by Rod Marmol. The film stars Julie Anne San Jose and Rayver Cruz.

## Plot

Hope (Julie Anne) devotes her life to her fiance Brian (Martin) and an organization they run. However, when Brian's sex video with a mystery woman surfaces online, Hope leaves him and their organization. She starts a new job as a content producer of a company that, unknown to her, moonlights as a troll factory. To prevent herself from getting cheated, she creates a "cheat sheet" as a guide for her to know every person she dates. Hope later on crosses paths with businessman Miguel (Rayver), in which she thought he's the perfect guy for her. However, as they get closer, long-kept secrets begin to unveil.

## Cast

* Julie Anne San Jose as Hope Celestial
* Rayver Cruz as Miguel Agustin
* Martin del Rosario as Brian Villogo
* Paolo Contis as Mister Y
* Yayo Aguila as Faith Celestial
* Candy Pangilinan as Tita Gelly
* Phi Palmos as Joi Celestial
* Thea Tolentino as Natalie
* Winwyn Marquez as Attorney Vanessa
* Charm Aranton as @Mimasabilang

## Release

The film was released to theaters nationwide on July 26, 2023. It was released worldwide on Netflix on October 26, 2023.
# Patient Advice and Liaison Service

The Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS), also known as the Patient Advice and Support Service (PASS) in Scotland, is a National Health Service body created to provide advice and support to NHS patients and their relatives and carers. The scheme was announced in the NHS Plan 2000. Pilot schemes were set up in 2001, with full nationwide implementation complete by 2002.

## Functions

The functions of PALS are to:
* Be identifiable and accessible to patients, their carers, friends and families
* Provide on the spot help in every Trust with the power to negotiate immediate solutions or speedy resolution of problems
* Act as a gateway to appropriate independent advice and advocacy support from local and national sources
* Provide accurate information to patients, carers and families, about the Trust’s services, and about other health related issues
* Act as a catalyst for change and improvement by providing the Trust with information and feedback on problems arising and gaps in services
* Operate within a local network with other PALS in their area and work across organisational boundaries
* Support staff at all levels within the Trust to develop a responsive culture
The service can, for instance, act as a first point of contact for complaints, as well as providing information on NHS services and available treatment options. In some areas, PALS also provide complaint handling for hospitals. PALS services are therefore not always independent.
# SS John Randolph

SS John Randolph was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after John Randolph, a planter and a Congressman from Virginia who served in the House of Representatives at various times between 1799 and 1833 and the Senate from 1825 to 1827. He was also Minister to Russia under President Andrew Jackson in 1830.

## Construction

John Randolph was laid down on 15 July 1941, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCE hull 19, by the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland; and was launched on 30 December 1941.

## History

She was allocated to Union Sulphur & Oil Co., Inc., on 27 February 1942.

### Sinking

John Randolph was severely damaged after striking an Allied mine on the night of 5 July 1942.
Having left Murmansk, on 27 June 1942, Convoy QP-13 encountered fog on 5 July 1942, north west of Iceland. Due to the overcast weather and poor visibility, about one mi (1.6 km), Commander Cubison, aboard the escort ship HMS Niger, ordered the convoy to form up in two columns, from five, to pass between Straumnes and the Northern Barrage minefield. At 20:00 Commander Cubison had estimated his location at 66°45′N 22°22′W﻿ / ﻿66.750°N 22.367°W﻿ / 66.750; -22.367 and suggested that the convoy alter course to 222°. At 22:00 Niger mistook what was later identified as an iceberg for Iceland's North Cape, at a bearing of 150° and one mile range. Cubison ordered the convoy to change course to 270°. At 22:40 Niger exploded and sank with a heavy loss of life, this included Commander Cubison. The convoy had entered the minefield at this time and the merchant ships SS Heffron, SS Hybert, SS Massmar, and SS Rodina struck mines and were sunk, John Randolph and SS Exterminator were seriously damaged. The forepart was salved but broke tow on 1 September 1952 and was wrecked at Torrisdale Bay, Sutherland, Scotland, on 5 September.
# Blackass

Blackass is a novel by Nigerian author A. Igoni Barrett. It was released in the United Kingdom and Nigeria in 2015, and 2016 in the United States. It received mixed reviews.

## Plot summary

Blackass is a story about a young Nigerian Furo Wariboko, who wakes up on the eve of a job interview to discover that he has transformed into a white guy overnight. As he adjusts to his new appearance, he meets Arinze, who offers Furo a far more lucrative job than he expected.

## Reception

The Financial Times called Blackass "strange (and) compelling, (...with) something to tell us all", and explicitly compared it to Kafka's The Metamorphosis. Writing in The Guardian, Helon Habila lauded Barrett for "his ability to satirise the ridiculous extents people, especially Lagosians, go to in order to appear important." Claire Fallon for the Huffington Post found the novel to be "blunt (and) transparently written", but also "subtle (and) circumspect." Aaron Bady of Okayafrica stated that it is "the most unapologetically Nigerian book that American publishers have published in a long time".
In 2016 Blackass won the People's Literature Publishing House and the Chinese Foreign Literature Society's 21st Century Best Foreign Novel Award. It was nominated for the inaugural FT/OppenheimerFunds Emerging Voices Awards, the 2017 PEN Open Book Award, the 2015 Kitschies Golden Tentacle Award, and the inaugural Nommo Award for Best Novel. In 2017 it was nominated for a Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in the debut fiction category.
# József Katona

József Katona (11 November 1791, Kecskemét – 16 April 1830, Kecskemét) was a Hungarian playwright and poet, creator of the Hungarian historical tragedy Bánk bán.

## Biography

József Katona was born and died in Kecskemét. He studied at the University of Pest as a lawyer, and at the same time, he took part in theatrical life of the capital: he was an actor, he wrote several plays, and he also translated and adapted German melodramatic works for the Hungarian stage. He hopelessly loved the leading Hungarian actress, Mme Déry, but she never recognized this love.
József Katona wrote Bánk bán, his most important drama for a literary competition organized by a Kolozsvár periodical in 1815. The competition required a historical drama with a Hungarian background. The result of the competition was disappointment for Katona: his Bánk Bán was not mentioned at all. He rewrote the play and published it privately in 1820, but it remained unnoticed until the mid-1830s. He returned to his native town Kecskemet. In the last ten years of his life, he wrote no more for the stage. Katona died on April 16, 1830, of a heart attack in front of his office.

## Works

* Aubigny Clementina, 1813
* Ziska, 1813
* Jeruzsálem pusztulása, 1814
* A rózsa, vagy a tapasztalatlan légy a pókok között, 1814
* Bánk bán (Hungarian text), 1815; final version, 1819

## Bánk bán

The story was about Bánk, the viceroy appointed by King Andrew II (1205–35), while the King was away on his foreign campaigns. Bánk became involved in a conspiracy against the German-born wife of the king; he tries to prevent the rebellion, but finally he is the man who kills the queen. His reason for the murder was political and personal at the same time: Queen Gertrude had taken part in a plot to seduce Bánk’s wife. Bánk's complex character and the deep conflict between duty and personal grief make Bánk Bán one of the best Hungarian dramas. It was written at the time when the intellectuals of the country opposed Habsburg absolutism, and the drama is about mediaeval times when Hungary’s nobility fought against foreign usurpers as well, so the drama had been blacklisted by the government. In 1848, in the evening of March 15, the Hungarian National Theater scheduled a performance of Bánk Bán. It was a symbolic event, part of the Hungarian revolution.
# Lisa Azuelos

Lisa Azuelos (born Elise-Anne Bethsabée Azuelos; 6 November 1965 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French director, writer, and producer. She is the daughter of singer Marie Laforêt.

## Biography

Lisa Azuelos is the daughter of French singer and actress Marie Laforêt and of Judas Azuelos, a Moroccan Jew of Sephardic descent. She has a younger brother and a step-sister, Deborah.
Her parents separated when she was 2 years old. Her mother kept her and sent her with her brother to a Swiss boarding school, "Les Sept Nains", where children were allegedly maltreated physically and mentally. Afterwards the two siblings were sent to live with someone in a small village in the department of Sarthe.
She stayed with her father since the age of twelve. That is the time she discovered his Sephardic heritage.
Lisa Azuelos was introduced to her future husband, film producer Patrick Alessandrin, by Luc Besson. The couple has three children, Carmen, Illan and Thaïs. They divorced after 11 years of marriage.
Lisa Azuelos has a film production company, which she named Bethsabée Mucho after her paternal great-grandmother Bethsabée.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Notes |
| Year | Title | Director | Screenwriter | Producer | Actress | Notes |
| 1993 | Classe mannequin | | Yes | | | TV series |
| 1995 | Ainsi soient-elles | Yes | Yes | | Yes | Credited as Lisa Alessandrin |
| 1996 | La Femme rêvée | | Yes | | | Telefilm; credited as Lisa Alessandrin |
| 2001 | 15 August | | Yes | | | Credited as Lisa Azuelos-Alessandrin |
| 2002 | Ti Amo | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Short |
| 2005 | Cavalcade | | Yes | | | |
| 2006 | Hey Good Looking! | Yes | Yes | | | |
| 2008 | LOL (Laughing Out Loud) | Yes | Yes | | Yes | |
| 2009 | Victor | | Yes | | | |
| 2010 | Tout ce qui brille | | | Yes | | Co-producer |
| 2012 | LOL | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Executive producer |
| 2012 | Max | | | Yes | | |
| 2014 | Quantum Love | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 2014 | Free the Nipple | | | Yes | | |
| 2014 | L’Enfer me ment | | | Yes | | Short |
| 2015 | 14 Million Screams | Yes | Yes | Yes | | Short |
| 2015 | Noctambule | Yes | | | | Short |
| 2015 | One Wild Moment | | Yes | | | |
| 2015 | The Boss's Daughter | | | Yes | | |
| 2017 | Dalida | Yes | Yes | Yes | | |
| 2019 | Sweetheart | Yes | Yes | Yes |
# Kevin Dixon (footballer, born 1960)

Kevin Lynton Dixon (born 27 July 1960) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker in the Football League for Carlisle United, Hartlepool United, Scunthorpe United, York City and Scarborough and in non-League football for Annfield Plain, Tow Law Town, Newcastle Blue Star, Gateshead and Hebburn.
# Bernhard Baader

Bernhard Baader was a collector of German folklore in the former Baden, now part of Baden-Württemberg.

## Biography

Baader completed his education in 1819 at the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich. From 1830 to 1840 he published (as several other authors) texts from German folklore in various newspapers. Parts of his stories were taken by August Schnezler and published in his book Badisches Sagenbuch in 1846.
In 1851, Baader published his 20 years of folklore gathering in his book Volkssagen aus dem Lande Baden und den angrenzenden Gegenden. He stated that all the stories in his book were from oral history. In 1859 he published a sequel with more folklore.

## Works

* Volkssagen aus dem Lande Baden und den angrenzenden Gegenden (German)
* Neugesammelte Volkssagen aus dem Lande Baden und den angrenzenden Gegenden (German)
# The Children's Bookshow

The Children's Bookshow is an annual children's literature roadshow which visits theatres and schools across the United Kingdom in the autumn.
The Children's Bookshow was established in 2003 which was directed by Siân Williams, and it includes theatre performances by children writers, workshops in schools, and several competitions. The 2016 Children's Bookshow consisted of sixteen separate events, with authors from the UK and overseas, including Michael Rosen, Valerie Bloom and Fabio Geda.
In other years the tour has featured Judith Kerr, Quentin Blake, Kevin Crossley-Holland, Eva Ibbotson, Francesca Simon and Martin Waddell.
# Beckwithshaw

Beckwithshaw is a village and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England about 2.5 miles (4 km) south-west of Harrogate.

## History

Beckwithshaw takes its name from the now smaller settlement of Beckwith, 1-mile (1.6 km) to the east. The suffix "shaw", first recorded in 1323, is from the Old English sceaga, meaning a copse.
Beckwithshaw was historically a hamlet in the ancient parish of Pannal. When the village of Pannal was removed from the civil parish of Pannal in 1937, Beckwithshaw became the largest settlement in the parish. The name of the civil parish was changed from Pannal to Beckwithshaw in 2010. The parish now shares a grouped parish council with Haverah Park.
In 1875, a reservoir was built to the west of the village. Known as Ten Acre Reservoir, it actually only covered 7.7 acres (3.1 ha). In 2016, a report was commissioned into its future as the dam head was known to be failing. In 2019, it will be drained so that it only contains 176,573 cubic feet (5,000 m$^3$) of water to relieve pressure on the dam head and will also be converted into a wildlife area.

## Amenities

The village has a primary school, a pub (The Smiths Arms) and the Anglican Church of St Michael and All Angels. A board in the church names all the vicars, the first being Charles Farrar Forster, who served from 1887 until his death in August 1894. The church benefice is shared with St Robert's Church, Pannal. A post office was opened in the village in 1887 but closed in October 1978.

## Sport and leisure
### Cricket

Beckwithshaw Cricket Club is an English amateur cricket club founded in 1885. The club ground is on Killinghall Road. Beckwithshaw field three senior teams in the Airedale & Wharfedale Senior Cricket League, a midweek evening team in the Harrogate & District Amateur Evening League, a women's team in the Yorkshire Women's Soft Ball Cricket league, and a junior training section that plays competitive cricket in the Nidderdale Junior Cricket League.

### Eventing

Beckwithshaw Horse Trials, organised by British Eventing, is an annual cross country event held at Beaver Horse Shop on Windmill Farm.