OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sandra Slaughter

Sandra Ann Slaughter (died November 3, 2014) was an American software engineer and management scientist known for her research on business analytics and the software development process. She was Alton M. Costley Chair and Professor of Information Technology Management at Georgia Tech. She and her husband also held a world record for the longest tandem bicycle tour.

## Education and career

Slaughter worked in the information technology industry for ten years, before returning to graduate study in management information systems, in which she earned a PhD through the University of Minnesota. Her 1995 doctoral dissertation, Software development practices and software maintenance performance: A field study, was co-advised by Rajiv Banker and Gordon B. Davis.
She became Xerox Research Chair in Carnegie Mellon University's Carnegie Mellon University, and then in 2007 moved to the Scheller College of Business at Georgia Tech.

## Personal life and cycling

Slaughter was married to Ronald Gray Slaughter. Between her industry work and her return to graduate study, the two of them took a 19-month hiatus, touring the world on a tandem bicycle. This tour earned them a Guinness World Record for the longest tandem bicycle tour, and was documented in a book, published in 1996.

## Recognition

Slaughter was named a distinguished fellow of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) Information Systems Society in 2014. She was posthumously awarded the 2022 Information Systems Society President's Service Award.

## Selected works

Slaughter was the author or coauthor of two books:
* Tandem Times: A Bicycle Journey Around the World, Odyssey to the Limits (with R. Slaughter and K. Robinson, IME, 1996)
* A Profile of the Software Industry: Emergence, Ascendance, Risks, and Rewards (Business Expert Press, 2014)
She had over 100 publications, winning nine best paper awards. Among these, Paulo Goes singles out four as being especially innovative and influential:
* Ang, Soon; Slaughter, Sandra (2001), "Work outcomes and job design for contract versus permanent information systems professionals on software development teams", MIS Quarterly, 25 (3): 321–350, doi:10.2307/3250920, JSTOR 3250920
* Roberts, Jeffrey A.; Hann, Il-Horn; Slaughter, Sandra (2006), "Understanding the motivations, participation, and performance of open source software developers: a longitudinal study of the Apache projects", Management Science, 52 (7): 984–999, doi:10.1287/MNSC.1060.0554, S2CID 9916105
* Slaughter, Sandra; Levine, Linda; Ramesh, Balasubramaniam; Pries-Heje, Jan; Baskerville, Richard L. (2006), "Aligning software processes with strategy", MIS Quarterly, 30 (4): 891–918, doi:10.2307/25148758, JSTOR 25148758
* Joseph, Damien; Boh, Wai Fong; Ang, Soon; Slaughter, Sandra (2012), "The career paths less (or more) traveled: a sequence analysis of IT career histories, mobility patterns, and career success", MIS Quarterly, 36 (2): 427–452, doi:10.2307/41703462, hdl:10220/17815, JSTOR 41703462
# Sandhofen

Sandhofen is a northern borough (Stadtbezirk) of Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The US Army is present in Sandhofen with Coleman Airfield and Coleman Barracks. The US Army's only military prison in Europe used to be located on that base. All US Army helicopter maintenance for Europe and the Middle East was once performed at Coleman. Coleman is now mostly empty and used for maintenance and storage.
# Kennedia nigricans

Kennedia nigricans, commonly known as black kennedia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a trailing or twining shrub or climber with trifoliate leaves and black and yellow-orange flowers.

## Description

Kennedia nigricans is a trailing or twining shrub or a vigorous woody climber that typically climbs to a height of up to 4 m (13 ft) and spreads up to 6 m (20 ft). The leaves are dark green, trifoliate and 70–180 mm (2.8–7.1 in) long on a petiole 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long with stipules 4.5 mm (0.18 in) long at the base. The leaflets are egg-shaped, the end leaflet 30–90 mm (1.2–3.5 in) long and 20–70 mm (0.79–2.76 in) wide on a petiolule up to 17 mm (0.67 in) long. The lateral leaflets are smaller, on a short petiolule. The flowers are arranged in groups of up to fifteen on a peduncle 20–130 mm (0.79–5.12 in) long, each flower 30–33 mm (1.2–1.3 in) long on a pedicel 100–150 mm (3.9–5.9 in) long. The five sepals are 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in) long with triangular or lance-shaped teeth about 4 mm (0.16 in) long, the upper two joined for most of their length. The petals are violet or purple to almost black and yellow-orange, the standard petal is 22–27 mm (0.87–1.06 in) long, the wings 28–30 mm (1.1–1.2 in) long and the keel about 27 mm (1.1 in) long. Flowering occurs from July to November and the fruit is a pod 46–70 mm (1.8–2.8 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Kennedia nigricans was first formally described in 1835 by John Lindley in Edwards's Botanical Register, where it was also labelled as "Dingy-flowered Kennedya". The specific epithet (nigricans) means "blackish".

## Distribution and habitat

Black kennedia grows on coastal dunes, on creek margins and on flats in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions of south-western Western Australia. It is also naturalised in other parts of that state and also in South Australia and Tasmania.

## Use in horticulture

A cultivar known as Kennedia nigricans 'Minstrel' was registered with the Australian Cultivar Registration Authority by Goldup Nursery of Mount Evelyn, Victoria in September 1985. This cultivar was selected from a batch of seedlings in 1983 and has a pale colouration instead of the yellow, which appears almost white.
This climber is noted for its vigour and can be used to cover embankments or unsightly structures. The species is adapted to a range of soils and prefers a sunny position. It is resistant to drought and has some frost tolerance. The species can be propagated by scarified seed or cuttings of semi-mature growth, while the cultivar requires propagation from cuttings to remain true to type.
# Kenchū-ji

Kenchū-ji (建中寺) is a Jōdo-shū Buddhist temple in Tsutsui, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, central Japan. Starting in the Edo period, the mausoleums of the lords of the Owari Domain were located there, making it the Bodaiji of the Owari Tokugawa family.
The present main hall of the Nagoya Tōshō-gū was a mausoleum for Lord Tokugawa Yoshinao's consort Haruhime (春姫), which used to be located at Kenchū-ji, and was moved to the site in 1953 as a replacement. It is a designated cultural property of Aichi prefecture.
# Sandra Madgwick

Sandra Elizabeth Madgwick (born in Taplow, Buckinghamshire on 7 March 1963) is a retired English ballerina and former principal dancer at the Birmingham Royal Ballet, where she worked for 19 years. She initially trained at the Royal Ballet School and took over extensive roles both at the Birmingham Royal Ballet and at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden appearing in works such as The Nutcracker, The Two Pigeons, Coppélia, Les Patineurs, and Carmina Burana. She is well known for the role of Clara in the recorded and live-aired performance of 'The Nutcracker' in 1994. Her other recorded works include the studio-recorded performance of Hobson's Choice (1992), in which she starred as Hobson's daughter Vicky, and Royal Opera House performance of Coppélia (1995) in which starred as Swanhilda. She holds a master's degree in Dance in Education and the Community and is currently ballet tutor at Performers College and Dance East. She is married and has three sons.
# Sandra Manderson

Sandra Joy Manderson QSM is a retired police officer and police commander from New Zealand. She was the first woman in the New Zealand Police to achieve the rank of Superintendent, the first woman District Commander and the first woman to serve as a New Zealand Police International Liaison Officer.

## Life

Manderson grew up in Christchurch and attended Hagley College and the University of Canterbury, graduating with a bachelor of science. She taught physical education for a year then applied to the police force. She qualified with 70 Recruit Wing on 15 January 1978 and began policing in Canterbury. She progressed through uniformed and CIB roles and in 1993 was appointed the first director of the Crime Prevention Unit at the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet in Wellington. She then held positions in Wellington District as a shift commander, and at Police National Headquarters. In 1999 she was promoted to superintendent in the role of National Manager Organisational Performance.
In 2002 Manderson returned to Canterbury to serve as District Commander for six years. In 2004 she travelled to Phuket, Thailand, to lead a disaster victim identification team in the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. In 2008 Manderson was transferred to Washington D.C., where she spent four years as International Liaison Officer to the Americas covering the United States, Canada and South and Central America. Following the February 2011 Canterbury earthquakes Manderson returned to Christchurch to assist with police work in the aftermath of the disaster, then returned to Washington to complete her posting. On her return to New Zealand Manderson ran policing for a number of major events such as the 2012 visit of the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall, the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, the 2015 FIFA Under-20 World Cup and the World Masters Games, Lions tour and Rugby League World Cup in 2017.
Manderson retired from the police force in January 2018 after a 40-year career.

### Recognition

In the 1993 Queen's Birthday Honours, Manderson was awarded the Queen's Service Medal for public services. In 2015 she received an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Canterbury.
# Santa Maria Annunciata in Chiesa Rossa

Santa Maria Annunciata in Chiesa Rossa is a church in Milan, via Neera 24.

## History

The name "Chiesa Rossa" derived from the old church of "Santa Maria" near the "Naviglio Pavese" canal called also "Santa Maria ad Fonticulum".
The construction started by Franco Della Porta in Romanesque Revival style, and was completed in 1932 by Giovanni Muzio. The facade was built in the 1960.
A consecration plaque near main entrance remembers the church was consecrated on December 21, 1932 by Cardinal Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster, Archbishop of Milan .

## General description

Muzio has designed the church in plan as Latin cross, the central nave is covered by Barrel vault and ends in the Apse. The Baptistery, in the left in a lateral chapel, has an octagonal shape and contains San Giovannino a sculpture by Giacomo Manzù.
From 1996 the church hosts Untitled, the last installation of Dan Flavin. The design was completed two days before Flavin's death on November 26, 1996 and installed a year later.
The installation is made with green and blue fluorescent lights for the main nave, red in the transept and yellow for the apse.

## Gallery

* Consecration Plaque
* Altar of Our Lady in the left side of the church
# Kells Castle

Kells Castle or Kells Motte is a motte-and-bailey and National Monument in Kells, County Kilkenny, Ireland.

## Location

Kells Castle is located just south of the Kells Bridge which crosses the Kings River, immediately behind Delaney's Bar.

## History and archaeology

Motte-and-bailey castles were a primitive type of castle built after the Norman invasion, a mound of earth topped by a wooden palisade and tower. Kells motte was built on a gravel platform (possibly originally an island in the Kings River) by Geoffrey FitzRobert in the late 12th century. It was an important site for extending Norman colonisation and economic exploitation in the region, which was formerly the Gaelic Irish Kingdom of Osraige. It was abandoned by the following century when the focus of the town shifted to the bailey, and later to Kells Priory.
# Justin Mugenzi

Justin Mugenzi (born 1939) is a Rwandan former politician who served as chairman of the Liberal Party and Minister of Commerce during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. He was born in Rukara Commune, Kibungo Province. In 2011 he was convicted, along with Prosper Mugiraneza, of conspiracy to commit genocide and incitement to genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). The convictions were reversed on appeal.

## Early life and career

Mugenzi was born in 1939 in the Rukara commune of the former Kibungo Province in Rwanda. He was chairman of the Liberal Party and commerce minister of the interim government during the Rwandan genocide.

## Arrest and ICTR trial

Mugenzi was arrested in Cameroon on 6 April 1999 and convicted in 2011 for his role in Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana's removal as prefect of Butare province. The violence in Butare intensified under the leadership of Habyalima's successor Sylvain Nsabimana. At Nsabimana's installation ceremony, the President of the interim government Théodore Sindikubwabo reportedly gave a speech calling for the murder of Tutsis. In 2011 he was convicted, along with Prosper Mugiraneza, of "conspiracy to commit genocide" and "public incitement to commit genocide" by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).

## Acquittal on appeal

Mugenzi's case was among several successful appeals in the ICTR and International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia after the "specific direction" standard was introduced under Meron's leadership. The Trial Chamber had determined that Mugenzi had acted with genocidal intent when he decided to "undercut the real and symbolic resistance [Habyalimana] posed to the killing of Tutsi civilians inhabiting or seeking refuge in Butare". The Appeals Chamber ruled that the Trial Chamber's mens rea analysis was an error and reversed the conviction for "conspiracy to commit genocide". The Trial Chamber also held that Mugenzi was guilty of "direct and public incitement to commit genocide" for his participation at Nsabimana's installation ceremony. Under the Trial Chamber's mens rea analysis Mugenzi shared a "common criminal purpose" and thus possessed the same genocidal intent as interim President Sindikubwabo. The Appeals Chamber found that a reasonable trier of fact could not rule out the possibility that Mugenzi could have attended the ceremony out of social obligation and reversed the conviction for "direct and public incitement to commit genocide".
After his acquittal Mugenzi continued living in a safe house in Arusha, Tanzania. He submitted several unsuccessful visa applications seeking to join his family in Belgium.
# Citizenship test

A citizenship test is an examination, written or oral, required to achieve citizenship in a country. It can be a follow up to fulfilling other requirements such as spending a certain amount of time in the country to qualify for applying for citizenship.
Some North American countries where they exist are the United States and Canada. Among European countries, written citizenship tests are in place in the UK, Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, and Lithuania. Oral citizenship tests are used in Spain, Greece and Hungary.

## History

The practice of testing individuals as part of the naturalization process began in the United States in the late 1880s as a literacy test.
In 2017 a lifelong resident of Switzerland made headlines after failing her citizenship test. The United States citizenship test increased from 10 to 20 questions on December 1, 2020 (with 12 correct answers required to pass) and involved more conservative philosophy, more advanced English, and less simple geography than the previous test which had remained unchanged since 2008. According to a 2018 survey by the Institute for Citizens & Scholars, less than one third of Americans could pass a multiple choice citizenship test, with the majority of respondents failing to choose the correct number of Supreme Court justices and the opponents of the United States in World War II.

### Australia

The Australian citizenship test consists of 20 multiple-choice questions, 15 of which must be answered correctly to pass, and has been in place since 2007. It is only available in English, and it is required of applicants between 18 and 59. Australian naturalization can occur with either the standard 45-minute examination, a combination of a 90-minute examination with consultation) and a prior completion of a 400-hour English course, or as part of a citizenship course (required for applicants that fail three citizenship examinations). After the written test, applicants do a face-to-face interview with an Australian Immigration and Border Protection officer.

### Germany

The German citizenship test is required of German nationality applicants age 16 or older who did not attend German school or German higher education in law or social, political, or administrative sciences. has 33 questions including three questions specific to the German state where the applicant lives. The time limit is 60 minutes. The minimum number of correct answers is 17, and a repeat test is permitted for those who fail. The German government reports that more than 90% of applicants pass.

## Examples

* American Civics Test
* Australian citizenship test
* Canadian Citizenship Test
* Citizenship of the United States
* Life in the United Kingdom test
* Integration law for immigrants to the Netherlands
* This law-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Pápoc

Pápoc is a village in Vas county, Hungary.

## Sightseeing for visitors: the old rotunda of Árpád age

In the village there is an old architectural heritage from the romanesque art: the old rotunda. It was built in the 13th century. The inner space consists of four apses surrounding a central circular space. The rotunda has two floors: the stairs go up in a corridor inside the wall. The rotunda is built together with a monastery of St. Agustino Order. It has beautiful southern doorway.

## Outer references

* Gervers-Molnár, V. (1972): A középkori Magyarország rotundái. (Rotunda in the Medieval Hungary). Akadémiai, Budapest
* Gerevich Tibor: Magyarország románkori emlékei. (Die romanische Denkmäler Ungarns.) Egyetemi nyomda. Budapest, 1938.
* Henszlmann, I. (1876): Magyarország ó-keresztyén, román és átmeneti stylü mű-emlékeinek rövid ismertetése, (Old-Christian, Romanesque and Transitional Style Architecture in Hungary). Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, Budapest
* Bedy Vince: A pápóci prépostság és perjelség története. [Geschichte der Probstei und des Priorates Pápocz.] (Gyõregyházmegye Múltjából, 6.) Gyõr, 1939.
* Csányi Károly: A pápóci négykarélyos, emeletes kápolna mûszaki leírása. [Die technische Beschreibung der vierpassförmigen Geschosskapelle zu Pápóc.] In: Bedy Vince: A pápóci prépostság és perjelség története. [Geschichte der Probstei und des Priorates Pápocz.] (Gyõregyházmegye Múltjából, 6.) Gyõr, 1939. 119–124. p.
# Val Cleaver

Arthur Valentine Cleaver OBE FRAeS (14 February 1917 – 16 September 1977) was a distinguished British rocket engineer. He co-authored a paper which discussed the possibilities and problems of nuclear rocket engines in 1948. After the Second World War he developed de Havilland's Sprite and Spectre rocket engines. He moved to Rolls-Royce in 1957 and in 1960 he became general manager and chief engineer of the Rolls-Royce's rocket departments, where he was responsible for the engines which powered the Blue Streak missile and Black Arrow launch vehicle. While the ELDO vehicle was ultimately unsuccessful and abandoned, the Blue Streak vehicle and its engines worked perfectly on every launch, and Cleaver was awarded the OBE for his part in developing them.

## Early life

He was born at Conway in Wales to Percy and Mildred Cleaver. From the age of 11 he became fascinated by space. For three years from 1931 he attended Acton Technical College. He joined the British Interplanetary Society (BIS) in 1937, aged 20.

## Career
### de Havilland

In 1935, aged 18, he joined the Propeller Division of de Havilland, where he later became Chief Project Engineer of the de Havilland Propeller Company. He moved back to de Havilland where Frank Halford was Technical Director of their engine company. He was commissioned by Frank Halford to conduct a study into rocket engines, and their (unknown) capabilities. He began his studies in April 1946 forming a rocket team at de Havilland Engine Company.
In the 1950s he oversaw the development of the Sprite and Spectre rocket engines, developed for rocket-assisted takeoff and mixed power plant installations for military aircraft. During this period he became friends with Maurice Brennan, the Chief Designer at Saunders-Roe, who designed the SR.53 mixed power interceptor; this was the first rocket-powered British aircraft.

### Rolls-Royce

In 1956 he handed in his notice at de Havilland and became Chief Rocket Propulsion Engineer of Rolls-Royce's new rocket engine division. Under his guidance the RZ.2 rocket engine was developed, an advanced engine for its time. For the work on this engine he was awarded the OBE.
He worked with Rocketdyne.

## Personal life

In 1955 he argued that photographs taken from space of the Earth would transform people's psychological outlook. In 1957 at the International Congress of Astronautics he said that, in aviation, predictions ran behind actual events.
Val was best friends with the science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke and their correspondence was voluminous. It is available in the Arthur C. Clarke Collection of Sri Lanka housed at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum.
He died aged 60. His funeral was held on 6 October 1977 in Enfield.
# Joseph Anton Glantschnigg

Joseph Anton Glantschnigg (1695–1750) was a German painter of historical, genre, and landscape scenes, born and deceased in Bolzano, but active in Würzburg. He was the son of painter Ulrich Glantschnigg.
# Sialkot Sports Complex

A multi-purpose "Sialkot Sports Complex" is under construction at Kotli Mir Ali on Sialkot-Daska Road in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan under the supervision of Sialkot District Government and Pakistan Sports Board. During the first phase of this grand project, international standard Tartan track facility for athletics, squash courts, volleyball and basketball courts would be constructed at the sports complex which would have seating capacity for 49,000 spectators.
First phase would be completed in a period of 18 months with an estimated cost of Rs.1240 million while a gymnasium would also be constructed there with a cost of Rs.1229 million.
# Lavant Cup

The Lavant Cup was a motor race held in the spring at Goodwood, England from 1949 to 1966. Over the years it was variously run for Formula 2, Formula 1 and, finally, Sports car racing classes, with the latter counting towards the British Sports Car Championship. The trophy is named for the near-by parish and villages of Lavant, which also give their name to the Lavant Straight on the circuit itself.
In recent years the race has been revived as a historic racing event, forming a part of the Goodwood SpeedWeek meeting.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Car | Report |
| 1949 | Dudley Folland | Ferrari 166 SC | Report |
| 1950 | Bill Aston | Cooper T9-JAP | Report |
| 1951 | Stirling Moss | HWM-Alta | Report |
| 1952 | Mike Hawthorn | Cooper T20-Bristol | Report |
| 1953 | Emmanuel de Graffenried | Maserati A6GCM | Report |
| 1954 | Reg Parnell | Ferrari 625 | Report |
| 1955 | Roy Salvadori | Connaught Type A | Report |
| 1956 | Roy Salvadori | Cooper T39-Climax | Report |
| 1957 | Tony Brooks | Cooper T41-Climax | Report |
| 1958 | Jack Brabham | Cooper T43-Climax | Report |
| 1959 | Jack Brabham | Cooper T45-Climax | Report |
| 1960 | Innes Ireland | Lotus 18-Climax | Report |
| 1961 | Stirling Moss | Cooper T53-Climax | Report |
| 1962 | Bruce McLaren | Cooper T55-Climax | Report |
| 1963 | Roy Salvadori | Cooper T61-Climax | Report |
| 1964 | John Coundley | Lotus 19-Climax | Report |
| 1965 | Jim Clark | Lotus 30-Ford | Report |
| 1966 | Mike Spence | Parnell-BRM | Report |
| Sources: ||||