# Wheel gymnastics

Wheel gymnastics (German: Rhönradturnen) is a form of gymnastics that originated in Germany. Wheel gymnasts do exercises in a large wheel or hoop known as the Rhönrad, gymnastics wheel, gym wheel, or German wheel, in the beginning also known as ayro wheel, aero wheel, and Rhon rod.

## Wheel design

The large wheel consists of two circles in parallel, which are framed together with six spokes. Two are simple tubes, two are equipped with a handle and two have a footrest. The diameter of the wheel depends on the length of the gymnast, so that the gymnast can hold themselves on the grips when fully stretched. The wheels are available from a diameter of 130 to 245cm. The wheels weigh between 40 and 60 kg. They are available in several depths and colors.

## History

The wheel was invented in 1925 by Otto Feick in Schönau an der Brend. The grandson of a blacksmith, Feick was inspired by the memory of an event from his childhood in Reichenbach, when he had tied sticks between two hoops that his grandfather had made and rolled down a hill.
He filed for a patent as "wheel-gymnastic and sports equipment". He had invented the wheel in Ludwigshafen am Rhein c. 1920–1922, on the grounds of the VSK Germania, a sports club, of which he was the founding chairman. The patent was issued on 8 November 1925; the name "Rhönrad" has been registered and protected since 1926 ("Rhön" is the name of the mountain region where the wheel was invented).
The Rhönrad was featured at the GeSoLei trade fair held in Düsseldorf in 1926.
In 1936, this sport was shown at the Olympic Games in Berlin, but was not presented as an Olympic discipline.
The focus of wheel gymnastics remains largely in Germany, but there are wheel groups in several countries and every 2 years the International Wheel Gymnastics Federation holds a World Championships competition. Former world champion wheel gymnast Wolfgang Bientzle moved from Germany to Chicago and runs his own company WHEEL JAM to educate and train people of every age to do Wheel gymnastics.

## Disciplines

* The discipline straight-lineThe discipline spirale (small spirale)Straight-line: In straight-line, the wheel is set in motion on both rims. The imaginary lines traced by the rims in contact with the floor are parallel. Straight-line can be performed with or without music. At the world championships the seniors (older than 18 years old) perform with music, while the juniors perform without music.
* Spirale: The wheel is set in motion on one rim and for most skills the wheel rim in contact with the floor traces an approximately circular path. There are 3 categories of elements in spirale. In the "big spirale" the path of the wheel is bigger than the diameter of the wheel and the angle between the wheel and the floor is bigger than 60° degree. In the "small spirale" the angle is less than 30° and the path of the wheel on the is smaller the diameter of the wheel. In the "vertical spirale" the wheel moves in an almost upright position. The path of the wheel on the floor is extremely small. The wheel rotates around the longitudinal axis.
* Vault: The gymnast sets the wheel in motion. After a run-up the gymnast mounts the wheel, from where he/she performs can perform various dismounts on to a landing mat. Examples of dismounts are tuck/pike/straight front sommersaults.The discipline vault (only dismount pictured)

## Code of points

In the code of points is exactly described how the routines are judged. At the world championship 2022 in Sønderborg the IRV presented a big update for the code of points.
The score of each discipline (except straight-line with music) is calculated in the following way. In straight-line with music the average of the execution and the artistic impression is added instead of only the execution:
Difficulty (max 10,0) + Execution (max 10,0) - Neutral deductions = max 20, Points
The difficulty score consist of max 8,0 (8 most difficult elements count) for the difficulty of the elements and 2,0 for fulfilling structure groups. The execution score is calculated by deducting 0,1 (minor deduction), 0,3 (medium), 0,5 (major) or 1,0 (fall / assist of coach) from the 10,0.

## International Wheel Gymnastics Federation (IRV)

The International Wheel Gymnastics Federation (short IRV), respectively original Internationale Rhönradturnverband is a federation for the sports cyr wheel and gym wheel. It was created 1995 in Basel by the members Germany, Switzerland, Japan and the Netherlands.

### Members

Members are the national federation of the following countries. There are 4 Types of members (Entry Member, Bronze Member, Silver Member and Gold Member). The higher the level the more the country has to pay and the more they can profit from the IRV.
* Germany (since 1995, Gold Member)
* Switzerland (since 1995, Gold Member)
* United States (since 2009, Gold Member)
* Japan (since 1995, Bronze Member)
* Netherlands (since 1995, Bronze Member)
* Norway (since 1997, Bronze Member)
* Austria (since 2003, Bronze Member)
* Colombia (since 2011, Bronze Member)
* Israel (since 2012, Bronze Member)
* Denmark (since 2015, Bronze Member)
* France (since 2024, Bronze Member)

### Activities

The IRV organizes all international competitions like the World Championship. The federation is also responsible for developing scoring regulations, competition concepts and training programs. Larger projects of the various members are sometimes partly supported financially and announced on the website. The mission of the IRV is to spread the gym wheel and cyr wheel more around the world.

### Athletes' Commission

The purpose of the Athletes' Commission (short AC) is to gather and filter ideas, interests, comments of the wheel gymnastics community (athletes, coaches, judges, etc.) and forward the important ones to the IRV. The Athletes' Commission consists of a of maximum 2 cyr athletes, 2 gymwheel athletes and 2 coaches, who are elected from the delegations at the World Championships. The mandate lasts until the next World Championship.
2024 - 2026: - Simon Rufener, - Achim Pitz, - Malena Kernacs, - Cyrus Luciano
2022 - 2024: - Simon Rufener, - Katja Homeyer, - Isabel Pietro, - Kanai Shigeki
2020 - 2022: - Simon Rufener, - Katja Homeyer, - Svea Hünnig, - Yasuhiko Takahashi, - Tammi Livni

## World championships

The IRV (Internationaler Rhönradturnverband) organizes every two years a world championship. Between these world championships the IRV organizes a team world championship, where the best 4 countries (qualified at the normal world championship) compete as a team against each other.
Previous World Championships:
| Nr. | year | city | country |
| 1 | 1995 | Den Helder | Netherlands |
| 2 | 1997 | Antwerpen | Belgium |
| 3 | 1999 | Limburg an der Lahn | Germany |
| 4 | 2001 | Liestal | Switzerland |
| 5 | 2003 | Lillehammer | Norway |
| 6 | 2005 | Aachen Bütgenbach | Germany  Belgium |
| 7 | 2007 | Salzburg | Austria |
| 8 | 2009 | Baar | Switzerland |
| 9 | 2011 | Arnsberg | Germany |
| 10 | 2013 | Chicago | United States |
| 11 | 2015 | Lignano Sabbiadoro | Italy |
| 12 | 2016 * | Cincinnati | United States |
| 13 | 2018 | Magglingen | Switzerland |
| – | 2020 ** | New York | United States |
| 14 | 2022 | Sønderborg | Denmark |
| 15 | 2024 | Almere | Netherlands |
* From there on the IRV organized the world championship at even years.
** The world championship was canceled, because of COVID-19.

### World champions
#### Senior Men

| Nr. | Year | Straight-line | Spirale | Vault | All-round (2) | All-round (3 disciplines) |
| 1 | 1995 | - Wolfgang Bientzle | - Wolfgang Bientzle | — | — | — |
| 2 | 1997 | - Miroslav Zorbic | - Norbert Sinz | — | — | — |
| 3 | 1999 | - Wolfgang Bientzle | - Wolfgang Bientzle | - Wolfgang Bientzle | - Wolfgang Bientzle | - Wolfgang Bientzle |
| 4 | 2001 | - Jan Schäfer | - Jan Schäfer | - Jan Schäfer | — | - Jan Schäfer |
| 5 | 2003 | - Julius Petri | - Julius Petri | - Jan Schäfer | — | - Julius Petri |
| 6 | 2005 | - Achus Emeis | - Constantin Malchin | - Achus Emeis | — | - Achus Emeis |
| 7 | 2007 | - Achus Emeis | - Constantin Malchin | Motonobu Tamura | — | - Achus Emeis |
| 8 | 2009 | - Robert Maaser | - Robert Maaser | - Robert Maaser | — | - Robert Maaser |
| 9 | 2011 | - Boy Looijen | - Christoph Clausen | - Robert Maaser | — | - Robert Maaser |
| 10 | 2013 | - Kazuya Ezuka | - Motonobu Tamura | - Yasuhiko Takahashi | — | - Yasuhiko Takahashi |
| 11 | 2015 | - Yasuhiko Takahashi | - Max Brinkmann | - Yasuhiko Takahashi | — | - Yasuhiko Takahashi |
| 12 | 2016 | - Yasuhiko Takahashi | - Marcel Schawo | - Yasuhiko Takahashi | — | - Marcel Schawo |
| 13 | 2018 | - Carsten Heimer | - Yasuhiko Takahashi | - Yasuhiko Takahashi | — | - Yasuhiko Takahashi |
| 14 | 2022 | - Simon Rufener | - Malte Schröder | - Ryuichi Goto | — | - Simon Rufener |
| 15 | 2024 | - Simon Rufener | - Johannes Stolper | - Ryuichi Goto | — | - Simon Rufener |

#### Senior Women

| Nr. | Year | Straight-line | Spirale | Vault | All-round (2) | All-round (3 disciplines) |
| 1 | 1995 | - Maike Klatte | - Maike Klatte | — | — | — |
| 2 | 1997 | - Claudia Geyer | - Janin Oer | — | — | — |
| 3 | 1999 | - Katja Homeyer | - Maike Klatte | - Lena Bertelsen | Maike Klatte | - Maike Klatte |
| 4 | 2001 | - Julia Pohling | - Julia Pohling | - Julia Pohling | — | - Julia Pohling |
| 5 | 2003 | - Janin Oer | - Janin Oer | - Naomi Kunihiro | — | - Julia Pohling |
| 6 | 2005 | - Janin Oer | - Nadine Burkhardt | - Takako Hiwa | — | - Janin Oer |
| 7 | 2007 | - Cécile Meschberger | - Janin Oer | - Heidi Hagen | — | - Janin Oer |
| 8 | 2009 | - Jenny Hoffmann | - Kathrin Schad | - Kirstin Heerdink | — | - Svenja Trepte |
| 9 | 2011 | - Laura Stullich | - Svenja Trepte | - Kirstin Heerdink | — | - Laura Stullich |
| 10 | 2013 | - Laura Stullich | - Kathrin Schad | - Sarah Metz | — | - Riccarda Vogel |
| 11 | 2015 | - Cheyenne Rechsteiner | - Yana Looft | - Sarah Metz | — | - Lilia Lessel |
| 12 | 2016 | - Lilia Lessel | - Yana Looft | - Lilia Lessel | — | - Lilia Lessel |
| 13 | 2018 | - Kira Homeyer | - Cheyenne Rechsteiner, - Lilia Lessel | - Myrna van Berkel | — | - Kira Homeyer |
| 14 | 2022 | -Birgit Halwachs, -Karina Peisker, -Horiguchi Aya | - Lilia Lessel | - Sarah Metz | — | - Karina Peisker |
| 15 | 2024 | - Kira Homeyer | - Cheyenne Rechsteiner | - Armoni Inbar | — | - Kira Homeyer |

#### Junior Boys

| Nr. | Year | Straight-line | Spirale | Vault | All-round |
| 15 | 2024 | - Timon Peter | - Patrick Møller | - Aquila Ziddah | - Timon Peter |

#### Junior Girls

| Nr. | Year | Straight-line | Spirale | Vault | All-round |
| 15 | 2024 | - Annika Wasmuth | - Frieda Wilke | - Bar Dubinsky | - Sophie Julius |

#### Team

| Nr. | Year | Winner Team | Athletes |
| 1 | 1995 | — | |
| 2 | 1997 | — | |
| 3 | 1999 | Germany | Katja Homeyer, Ines Meurer, Janin Oer, Maike Klatte, Wolfgang Bientzle, Nico Budniok |
| 4 | 2001 | Germany | Julia Pohling, Janin Oer, Ursula Kömen, Jan Schäfer, Julius Petri, Constantin Malchin |
| 5 | 2003 | Germany | Jan Schäfer, Julia Pohling, Janin Oer, Constantin Malchin, Holger Schneider, Julius Petri |
| 6 | 2005 | Germany | Nadine Burkhard, Katrin Schwaben, Janin Oer, Julius Petri, Achus Emeis, Constantin Malchin |
| 7 | 2007 | Germany | Janin Oer, Julius Petri, Achus Emeis, Constantin Malchin, Sabine Bierfreund, Christoph Clausen |
| 8 | 2009 | Germany | Jenny Hoffmann, Julia Pohling, Constantin Malchin, Robert Maaser, Simon Knapp, Christoph Clausen |
| 9 | 2011 | Germany | Jenny Hoffmann, Svenja Trepte, Laura Stullich, Kathrin Schad, Robert Maaser, Christoph Clausen |
| 10 | 2013 | Germany | Svenja Trepte, Christoph Clausen, Riccarda Vogel, Kathrin Schad, Sarah Metz, Laura Stullich |
| 11 | 2015 | Germany | Yana Looft, Marcel Schawo, Sarah Metz, Lilia Lessel, Jasmin Schönbach, Dirk Wünsch |