OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Institute for Election Systems Development

The Institute for Election Systems Development (IESD) is an organization founded in 1999 to promote democracy in Russia.

## History

IESD was founded in 1999 as the International Foundation for Electoral Systems withdrew from Russia. IESD inherited both the programs started by IFES and IFES's Election Resource Center, a group of references created to support the Central Election Commission of Russia.

## Mission

According to their website IESD:
* promotes democracy in Russia by providing technical assistance and comprehensive and objective information to all participants of the election process.
* strives to enhance the public trust for democracy as the basis of the civil society.
In achieve these goals they, according to their website:
* Disseminate information about elections to ensure that the election process is transparent.
* Educate participants of the election process on the basic, generally acknowledged principles of election campaign ethics, elections per se, and subsequent responsibilities elected deputies have with respect to their voters.
# William Paats

William Paats (b. Friedrich Wilhelm Paats Hantelmann, 12 January 1876, Rotterdam – d. 28 August 1946, Asunción) was a Dutch-born Paraguayan sports instructor.
Often regarded as "the father of Paraguayan football", Paats' family moved to Asunción, Paraguay in 1894. At that time, William was 18 years old and soon noticed the lack in the formal practice of any sport in Paraguay.
After a few years, he became a physical education instructor at the Escuela Normal de Maestros in Asunción. In one of his trips to Buenos Aires, he bought a ball and brought it back to Paraguay; and soon after he started teaching the practice of football to his students. The journalist Julio César Maldonado, in his book Historia del Fútbol Paraguayo (1900-1965) claims that it was Lucio Sila Godoy who brought the first balls from Buenos Aires. The forementioned Godoy is also credited as a co-founder of the paraguayan team Olimpia. The popularity of football in Paraguay rose immediately. Due to the success and enormous interest of the people, Paats impulsed the foundation of the first Paraguayan football club, and so on 25 July 1902 Club Olimpia was born.
Paats was also a founding member of the Liga Paraguaya de Fútbol (Paraguayan Football League) in 1906 and served as President of the mentioned organisation from 1909 to 1910. He also promoted and taught the practice of other sports disciplines such as cricket, tennis, swimming and rowing. His passion for sports and social activities led him to found the social and sports club Sajonia in 1921 and the Touring y Automóvil Club Paraguayo in 1924. He also served as a consul for the Netherlands until 1935.
Paats died on 28 August 1946, in Asunción, leaving his legacy as one of the most important sports personalities in Paraguay.
# William McNair

William McNair may refer to:
* William N. McNair, mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* William S. McNair, U.S. Army general
* William W. McNair, mayor of St. Anthony, Minnesota
* William Watts McNair, British surveyor
# William Lemon III

William Lemon III (born September 27, 1978) is an American make-up artist, musician and fashion designer known for his special make-up effects used by celebrities including Lady Gaga and Rihanna.

## Early life

William Lemon was born in San Jose, California, and currently resides in Los Angeles. At the age of 20, Lemon joined the California Culinary Academy and has been cited to have been found inspiration for art through cooking.

## Career

Lemon has had a clientele including Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Alex Ebert, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Ryan Gosling, and Chloë Sevigny.
Lemon who is a musician turned make-up artist, is best known for creating water-based acrylic body painting technique. He has also worked on music videos with artists including N.E.R.D's Hot-n-Fun and Beck's Gamma Ray featuring Chloë Sevigny. In 2011, Lemon received attention for his skeletal body art work with Lady Gaga for her Born this way video from the eponymous album.
# John Austin Meyer

John Austin Meyer (St. Marys September 18, 1919 - Pittsburgh January 28, 1997) was an aerial photographer in the US Army Air Forces during World War II and a professor of Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry.

## Life

Meyer was born in St. Marys on September 18, 1919. In Saint Mary's Catholic High School he participated in camera club continuing into the towns camera club, and at the age of 21 he worked as a photographer and pursued studies in chemistry.
Meyer enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps on March 18, 1941. After basic training in Langley Field, Virginia he was assigned to Dow Field, Bangor, Maine. After initially being put off by the army because he couldn't bring his photographic equipment, he befriending Corporal Busch who got promoted to Sergeant, and helped Meyer into the photography department. Meyer had a four-month training program in aerial photography at the Air Force Photo School in Denver, then assigned to the US base at Gander, Newfoundland in August 1942 as chief photographic officer.
Among other aerial photographers in Gander, his work helped create the first aerial mapping and photographic studies of cloud formations taken by the Air Corps in the area. He also assisted in anti submarine spotting patrol and other classified flight missions.
After being discharged in 1955, Meyer enrolled at Pennsylvania State University and received a bachelor's degree and masters in chemistry and worked as an analytical research chemist at Gulf Research and Development Company. He then was awarded a research fellowship at the State University of New York's College of Forestry eventually becoming a faculty member. He trained in nuclear and radiation chemistry at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and became a professor of Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry at the university.
Meyer developed a method of impregnating wood with a liquid polymer still in use today for wood floorings, handles, and musical instruments.
Studying for his PhD, he met and married Marion Waterman during her masters who eventually retired as Assistant Dean Emeritus of the School of Management at Syracuse University. John and Marion would go on to develop scholarships and awards for students at various colleges. John died in Pittsburgh on January 28, 1997.
# John Austin Stevens (banker)

John Austin Stevens, Sr. (January 22, 1795 – October 19, 1874) was a prominent American banker who was the son of Revolutionary War General Ebenezer Stevens and father of Sons of the Revolution founder John Austin Stevens.

## Early life

Stevens was born on January 22, 1795, in New York City. He was the youngest of four sons of American Revolutionary War soldier and merchant Ebenezer Stevens, and his father's second wife, Lucretia (née Ledyard) Sands Stevens (1756-1846), herself the widow of Richardson Sands (brother of Joshua and Comfort Sands). His brother was Alexander Hodgdon Stevens, a surgeon who served as the second President of the American Medical Association from 1848 to 1849.
He graduated from Yale University in 1813, where he was a member of Brothers in Unity and the Linonian Society, one of the university's oldest secret societies.

## Career

After graduating from college, Stevens entered mercantile life, and became a partner in his father's business in 1818. He was for many years secretary of the New York Chamber of Commerce, and one of the organizers and the first president of the Merchants' Exchange. From its first establishment in 1839 until 1866, he was president of the Bank of Commerce. He was a Whig in politics, but an earnest advocate of low tariffs.
He was chairman of the committee of bankers of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia which first met in August 1861, and decided to take $50,000,000 of the government 7.30 loan. They subsequently advanced $100,000,000 more, and the terms of the transactions were arranged chiefly by Stevens, as the head of the treasury note committee. His advice was frequently sought by the officers of the United States Department of the Treasury during the American Civil War.
For many years, Stevens was a governor of the New York Hospital, and took an interest in other benevolent institutions.

## Personal life

In 1824, Stevens was married to Abigail Perkins Weld (1799–1886), the daughter of Benjamin Weld of Boston (the namesake of Weld, Maine). Together, they were the parents of:
* John Austin Stevens (1827–1910), a historian who founded the Sons of the Revolution.
* Caroline Weld Stevens (1828–1904), who married Alfred Colvill (1810–1878) in 1860.
* Lucretia Ledyard Stevens (1830–1907), who married Richard Heckscher (1822–1901).
* Mary Emeline Stevens (1833–1895), who married Maurice Bonjour de Limoelan and Peter Remsen Strong.
* Abigail Austin Stevens (1836–1913), who married Gen. Robert Brown Potter (1829–1887), a son of Bishop Alonzo Potter, in 1865.
Stevens died on October 19, 1874, in New York City.
# Rhagoletis conversa

Rhagoletis conversa is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Rhagoletis of the family Tephritidae.
# John Furlong

John Furlong may refer to:
* John Furlong (actor) (1933–2008), American actor
* John Furlong (cricketer) (born 1972), New Zealand cricketer
* John Furlong (sports administrator) (born 1950), CEO of Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
* John Furlong (academic), British educationist, author, and academic
# Richard M. Locke

Richard Michael Locke (born April 22, 1959) is Dean of Apple University. Locke joined Apple after serving as the 13th provost of Brown University. He served as provost for 7.5 years, one of the longest serving provosts of Brown University.

## Biography

The second of four children of Franca Franzaroli, Locke is a 1981 graduate of Wesleyan University and holds a PhD in political science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as a master's degree in education from the University of Chicago. He served as chair of MIT's Political Science Department and deputy dean in the MIT Sloan School of Management.
Locke was named the Schreiber Family Professor of Political Science and International and Public Affairs at Brown University in January 2018.
Locke currently serves as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Better Work Program Advisory Committee. He has also served as chair of the Academic Advisory Board at Apple Inc.
For his research on fair and safe working conditions in global supply chains, Locke was awarded with an inaugural Progress Medal for Scholarship and Leadership on Fairness and Well-being by the Society for Progress in 2016.
Locke left his position at Brown in December 2022 to become vice president and dean of Apple University.
In 2014, Locke married his MIT classmate, Zairo Cheibub.

## Selected publications

* "Remaking the Italian Economy". Cornell University Press. 1995.
* "Production in the Innovation Economy". MIT Press. 2014.
* "The Promise and Limits of Private Power". Cambridge University Press. 2013.
* "Does Monitoring Improve Labor Standards? Lessons from Nike". IRL Review. 2007.
* "Working in America". MIT Press. 2001.
* "Employment Relations in a Changing World Economy". MIT Press. 1995.
# John Elwes

John Elwes may refer to:
* John Elwes (tenor) (born 1946), English tenor singer
* John Elwes (politician) (1714–1789), English Member of Parliament and miser
* John Payne Elwes, British Member of Parliament for North Essex
# Richard Noverre Bacon

Richard Noverre Bacon (1798 – 1884) was an English newspaper editor, known as a writer on agriculture.

## Life

He was the son of Richard Mackenzie Bacon of Norwich, and brother of Louisa Mary Bacon. His journalism, over his years editing the Norwich Mercury which he took over from his father, promoted the current views on political economy. He was cool on the role of the monarchy.

## Works

Bacon was an admirer of Thomas William Coke, and one of his aspiring biographers, as reported by Francis Blaikie. His work in that direction was in vain, however: Thomas Keppel, Coke's brother-in-law, took over as official biographer, gathering in the existing materials, and his biography was then lost in manuscript.
Bacon wrote his major work as a prize essay for the Royal Agricultural Society in 1843: it is considered the most detailed account of agriculture in Norfolk in the 19th century. He sent out over 80 questionnaires to prominent farmers in the county, the replies to which are still on record. The second edition appeared as The History of the Agriculture of Norfolk (1849). The work is a successor to the 18th century agricultural authors who wrote on Norfolk agriculture: Nathaniel Kent, William Marshall and Arthur Young.
# John Bryant

John or Jon Bryant may refer to:

## Academia and science

* John B. Bryant (1947–2020), American economist
* John Collins Bryant (1821–1901), American physician, author and college co-founder
* John Harland Bryant (1925–2017), American physician
* John Henry Bryant (1825–1903), medical doctor and member of the Los Angeles Common Council

## Arts and entertainment

* John Delavau Bryant (1811–1877), American poet and physician
* John Bryant (harpist) (1832–1926), Welsh harpist
* John Bryant (journalist) (1943–2020), British journalist and marathon founder
* Jon Bryant (born 1986), Canadian singer-songwriter
* John Bryant (actor) (1916–1989) American actor of stage, film, and television

## Government and politics

* John Bryant (Oklahoma politician) (1957–2011), American politician
* John Emory Bryant (1836–1900), American politician in Georgia
* John Hope Bryant (born 1966), author, poverty eradication activist
* John R. Bryant, state legislator in North Carolina
* John Wiley Bryant (born 1947), American politician in Texas

## Sports

* John Bryant (basketball) (born 1987), American basketball player
* John Bryant (journalist) (1944–2020), British marathon founder
* John Bryant (sailor) (1930–2023), American Olympic sailor
* John Bryant (sport shooter) (1930–2010), Australian Olympic shooter
* John Bryant (rugby union) (born 2003), Australian rugby union player
* Jon Bryant (rugby union) (born 1976), Welsh rugby union player

## Others

* John A. Bryant, Australian businessman, former Chairman and CEO of Kellogg Company
* John Richard Bryant (born 1943), bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church
* John W. Bryant (born 1949), leader of the Mormon fundamentalist sect Church of Christ Patriarchal
# John Contoulis

John Contoulis (October 9, 1939 – November 5, 2023) is a former American football defensive tackle. He played for the New York Giants in 1964.
Contoulis died on November 5, 2023, at the age of 84.
# John H. Peck

John Hudson Peck (February 7, 1838 – May 5, 1919) was the eighth president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

## Biography

He was born on February 7, 1838, in Hudson, New York. He was a descendant of William Peck, one of the original founders of the New Haven Colony. In 1859, he received a B.A. degree from Hamilton College. He later received M.A. and L.L.D degrees from Hamilton. He was admitted to the bar in New York State in 1861 and began to practice law in Troy, New York. In 1883, he married Mercy P. Mann. In the same year, he became a trustee of the Troy Female Seminary, which became the Emma Willard School. He was also a trustee of the Episcopal diocese of Albany. In 1888, he was appointed president of Rensselaer, and remained president for twelve years. He died at his home in Troy on May 5, 1919.
Academic offices :
| Preceded byAlbert E. Powers | President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1888 – 1901 | Succeeded byPalmer C. Ricketts |
# John H. Paynter

John H. Paynter (1862-1947) was an African American writer of poetry and nonfiction who wrote the book Fugitives of the Pearl (1930), a popular history of the largest known mass escape attempt of enslaved people in the United States. The story was based on his own 1916 short story first published in The Journal of Negro History and then published as a serial in the Washington Tribune, written based on news accounts and oral histories from his own family. He was a descendant of the Edmonson sisters, three sisters who attempted to escape slavery on The Pearl, and a grandson of John and Elizabeth Edmonson Brent, who were born slaves and purchased their own freedom before founding the John Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church at 14th and Corcoran streets NW in Washington, D.C.
In his autobiographical Joining the Navy, or Abroad with Uncle Sam, Paynter wrote of his experiences after enlisting as a cabin boy in the U.S. Navy in 1884, when there were limited opportunities for advancement for African Americans. W.E.B. DuBois wrote a foreword to the book.
Paynter was also a real estate investor and chair of the board of directors of Universal Development and Loan Co., which built Suburban Gardens, a seven-acre amusement park opened in 1921 in Washington D.C. Suburban Gardens admitted African Americans at a time when the Glen Echo Amusement Park in nearby Maryland was segregated.
# Richard E. Quandt

Richard Emeric Quandt (born 1 June 1930, in Budapest) is a Guggenheim Fellowship-winning economist who analyzed the results of the Judgment of Paris wine tasting event with Orley Ashenfelter.
Quandt served as a professor of economics at Princeton University. In 1979 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1991 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994. He is current senior adviser to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
Quandt is a member of the American Association of Wine Economists and editor of their journal, the Journal of Wine Economics. In 2012, he was involved in organizing a blind tasting event comparing wines produced in France with several wines produced in New Jersey held at Princeton University and known as the "Judgment of Princeton."
He received a B.A. from Princeton University and a Ph.D. from Harvard University.
# Richard E. Ripple

Richard E. Ripple (1931–2010) was an American educational psychologist. He was a professor at Cornell University for 49 years and editor-in-chief of the Educational Psychologist from 1969 to 1972.
# John Ingham

John Ingham may refer to:
* John Ingham (footballer) (1924–2000), English footballer
* John Ingham (businessman) (1928–2003), Australian businessman
* John Ingham, English musical journalist, better known under his pseudonym Jonh Ingham
# John Inge (cricketer)

John Walter Inge (31 March 1839 – 9 January 1919) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.
The son of Charles Inge, he was born in March 1839 at Ashby-de-la-Zouch in Leicestershire. He was educated firstly at Rossall School until 1853, before attending Charterhouse School from 1853 to 1856. After completing his education, Inge was commissioned into the British Army as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in June 1860. Inge made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Gentlemen of Marylebone Cricket Club at Canterbury in August 1863. Batting twice in the match, he was run out for 4 runs in the Gentlemen of Kent first innings, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 9 runs by George Milman.
Inge was promoted to captain in November 1872, with him later serving in the Second Anglo-Afghan War of 1878–80, during which he was decorated. He was promoted to major in February 1881, before gaining the rank of lieutenant colonel in September 1887. Having completed five years as a regimental lieutenant colonel, he was retired from active service in September 1892. Inge died at Hollywell Lodge in Oxford in January 1919. His brothers Francis and William both played first-class cricket, as did his great-nephew Will Inge.
# Richard Pepys

Sir Richard Pepys (2 July 1589 – 2 January 1659) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640 and was Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. He was a great-uncle of Samuel Pepys, the diarist.
Pepys was born at Bunstead, Essex, the son of John Pepys of Cottenham, Cambridgeshire and his wife Elizabeth Bendish, daughter of John Bendish of Bowes Hall, Essex. He entered Middle Temple in 1609 and was called to the bar in 1617. He was a bencher of his inn in 1636 and acted as reader in 1640.
In April 1640, Pepys was elected Member of Parliament for Sudbury in the Short Parliament. He was active in local government, attending meetings of the County Committee for Suffolk between 1642 and 1648. He acted as treasurer of the Middle Temple in 1648. He was appointed Baron of the Exchequer on 30 May 1654 and became Serjeant-at-Law at the same time. He was appointed Chief Justice of Ireland in 1654 between 22 August and 3 November. He sat in court with Miles Corbet on occasion and was also appointed chief justice of the Upper Bench and commissioner of the great seal in 1655. He was on the circuit in Ulster in early 1657. In 1658, he presented books to the Inner Temple. He died suddenly in 1659 and was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.
Pepys married firstly Judith Cutte, daughter of Sir William Cutte of Arkesden, in 1620. He married secondly Mary Gosnold, daughter of Bartholomew Gosnold, who played a major part in the establishment of Virginia along with his wife, Mary Goldinge. He had three sons and three daughters and was an ancestor of the Earl of Cottenham. From the Diary of Samuel Pepys, it is known that the great diarist, Richard's first cousin once removed, was on friendly terms with at least one of his sons, also called Samuel, and two of his daughters, Elizabeth Strudwick and Judith Scott, who died in 1664. Pepys grieved at the death of Judith, "a good woman", more so since like so many of the Pepys family of their generation, she was childless: "it is a sad consideration how the Pepyses do decay."
# John Douglas Gibson

John Douglas Gibson (1925 or 1926 – 21 May 1984) was an Australian amateur ornithologist who became an internationally respected expert on the Diomedeidae or albatross family.
Gibson lived in Thirroul, New South Wales all his life, and worked at the nearby Port Kembla steelworks. Doug Gibson's interest in ornithology soon focused on seabirds, and from 1953 he was involved in banding at the seabird colonies at the Five Islands Nature Reserve. This led to experiments with banding albatrosses and the first successful program of banding them away from their breeding sites. This led in turn to the formation of the New South Wales Albatross Study Group. With others in the group he devised the Gibson Plumage Index, which is named after him, as an aid to categorising and identifying the various great albatrosses. He is also commemorated in the name of Gibson's albatross, a subspecies of the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, though sometimes treated as a full species, Diomedea gibsoni.
Gibson was a member of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) for 35 years, and he contributed many papers to its journal, the Emu, and other journals. He also served on the Barren Grounds Bird Observatory management committee and was instrumental in establishing the Illawarra Bird Observers Club in 1977.