OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1422 Strömgrenia

1422 Strömgrenia, provisional designation 1936 QF, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 August 1936, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named after Swedish-Danish astronomer Svante Elis Strömgren.

## Classification and orbit

Strömgrenia is a member of the Flora family, a large group of stony asteroids in the inner main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,230 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1933 WB at Uccle Observatory in 1933. The body's observation arc however begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1936.

## Lightcurves

Two rotational light-curves of Strömgrenia were obtained from photometric observations in the R and S band at the Palomar Transient Factory in April 2009. Light-curve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.5002 and 3.5298 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24 and 0.29 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).

## Diameter, albedo and spectral type

On the Tholen taxonomy, Strömgrenia's spectral class is that of a S-type. According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, it measures between 4.64 and 6.03 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.209 and 0.40. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link, assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from the asteroid 8 Flora, the family's principal body and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 5.62 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.42.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of Swedish-Danish astronomer Svante Elis Strömgren (1870–1947), professor of astronomy and director of the Copenhagen University Observatory. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 128).
# Karl Theophil Fries

Karl Theophil Fries (13 March 1875 – 6 September 1962) was a German chemist.

## Life

Karl Theophil Fries was born in Kiedrich, Germany on (1875-03-13)13 March 1875. After his family moved to Frankfurt he went to school there, but chose to study chemistry at the near University of Marburg in 1894. After one year in Darmstadt University of Technology to improve his skills in electrochemistry he received his Ph.D with Theodor Zincke back at the University of Marburg in 1899. He became a professor in Marburg until the retirement of Theodor Zincke and the start of World War I in 1914. He took part as a soldier in World War I from 1914 till 1918. He became a professor at the Technical University at Brunswick in 1918 and stayed there until a conflict with some Nazi habilitants in 1938. After his forced retirement in 1938 he went back to Marburg where he was able to teach chemistry at the university. Karl Fries died on 6 September 1962 in Marburg and was buried near his academic advisor Theodor Zincke.

## Accomplishments

Fries is noted for the discovery of the Fries rearrangement, which is an important reaction used in Organic synthesis.
# IL-11

IL-11 or IL 11 can refer to:
* Interleukin 11
* Illinois's 11th congressional district
* Illinois Route 11
# Schneeball

Schneeball may refer to:
* Schneeball (record label)
* Schneeball (pastry)
# List of mayors of Woburn, Massachusetts

This is a list of the past and present mayors of Woburn, Massachusetts.
| # | Mayor | Term | Party | Notes |
| 1 | Edward Francis Johnson | January 7, 1889-January 1891 | Republican & Citizens | |
| 2 | George Fremont Bean | January 1891-January 1892 | Democratic & Citizens | Bean was a member of the Democratic Party, however in the 1890 election, Bean won on the Citizens Party ticket against his opponent who had received both the Democratic & Republican nominations. |
| 3 | Edward Everett Thompson | January 1892-January 1893 | Republican | Twice defeated his predecessor George Fremont Bean; in the elections of 1891, and 1892 (by a 37-vote majority). |
| 4 | Philip Kearney Adams Richardson | 1893-1894 | Republican | |
| 5 | Hugh D. Murray | 1894-January 7, 1895 | Republican | |
| 6 | Montressor Tyler Allen | January 7, 1895-1897 | Republican | |
| 7 | John P. Feeney | 1897-1904 | Democratic | |
| 8 | Lawrence G. Reade | 1905–1907 | Democratic | |
| 9 | William E. Blodgett | 1907-1909 | Republican | |
| 10 | Daniel Wilbur Bond | 1909-1910 | Democratic | While a Democrat Bond won election to the office of mayor as the nominee of the Republican Party. |
| 11 | Hugh D. Murray | 1910–1912 | Republican | |
| 12 | William H. Henchey | 1913–1914 | Democratic | |
| 13 | Harold P. Johnson | 1915–1916 | Republican | |
| 14 | Wilford D. Gray | 1917–1918 | | |
| 15 | Bernard J. Golden | 1919–1922 | Democratic | |
| 16 | Stephen Sibley Bean | 1923-January 5, 1925 | Republican | Son of mayor George Fremont Bean, was elected Mayor of Woburn at the age of 29. |
| 17 | Thomas H. Duffy | January 5. 1925-1928 | Democratic | |
| 18 | Harold P. Johnson | 1928- | Republican | Second time as mayor |
| | Herman P. Peterson | 1930–1932 | Republican | Last Mayor elect to a one-year term, two year mayoral terms began in 1931. |
| | Alfred W. Peterson | 1932 | Republican | |
| | William Edward Kane | 1938–1949 | Democratic | Although a Democrat, Kane lost the 1941 and 1943 Democratic nominations, but won the Republican nominations, and was subsequently elected. |
| | Francis H. Murray, Jr. | 1950–1955 | Democratic | |
| | William G. Shaughnessy | 1956-1960 | Democratic | Served as a State Representative for the 29th Middlesex District, 1975–1979 |
| | John “Jack” Gilgun | 1960–1964 | Democratic | |
| | Edward F. Gill | 1964-1971 | | |
| | Edward P. Gilgun | 1972–1977 | Democratic | |
| | Thomas M. Higgins | 1978–1983 | | |
| | John Rabbitt | 1984–1994 | | |
| | Robert M. Dever | 1996-2002 | Democratic | |
| | John C. Curran | 2001-January 2, 2006 | Democratic | |
| | Thomas McLaughlin | January 2, 2006 – January 4, 2010 | | |
| | Scott D. Galvin | January 4, 2010- January 2, 2024 | Democratic | |
# Adromischus hemisphaericus

Adromischus hemisphaericus is a perennial, succulent plant in the Crassulaceae family. It is commonly called Brosplakkies (brittle patches). The species is endemic to the Western Cape, South Africa.

## Description

Adromischus hemisphaericus is a small, decumbent, branching plant which tends to vary in its habit. The grey branches mature with peeling bark and reach 8 mm in diameter. Young branches are purplish-green and mature to grey. The leaves, grey with purple spots, can flake with wax. They are mostly flat and ovate, with slightly convex upper and lower faces, and can reach 3.5 cm long and 2.4 cm wide. Mid-summer brings inflorescences reaching 25 cm tall with many tubular flowers. The greenish-brown sepals are topped with triangular, light pink petals.

## Etymology

The genus name, Adromischus, comes from Greek, Adro- meaning 'thick' and -mischus meaning 'stem'. The species name, hemisphaericus, means 'hemispherical' in Latin, an epithet for its leaf shape.

## Distribution

Adromischus hemisphaericus is endemic to the Western Cape, South Africa. Populations occur on the Cape Peninsula, and sparsely east of the Hottentots Holland Mountains, and from Caledon to Worcester.
# Berengar (bishop of Venosa)

Berengar (after 25 December 1096) was the Bishop of Venosa. He is mentioned for the last time at Christmas 1096.
The son of Arnaud d'Échauffour, he became a monk in Saint-Evroul-sur-Ouche as a youth. He was a student of Abbot Thierri.
Berengar joined his uncle, Robert de Grantmesnil, in exile in January 1061, when William II of Normandy banished him for violence. According to Orderic Vitalis, Robert and Berengar stopped in Rome and met Pope Nicholas II. In 1062, Robert founded Sant'Eufemia on land donated by Robert Guiscard in Calabria.
In 1063, the Guiscard granted Berengar the church of SS Trinità di Venosa and made him abbot, an important post, as Venosa was the mausoleum of the Hauteville family. Pope Alexander II confirmed Berengar as abbot and, in 1093 or 1094, Urban II made him bishop.
Berengar is most famous for his writings against Berengar of Tours made between 1078 and 1079. He disputed with him in Rome in those years, when the memorialist was forced to recant. A manuscript of his polemic is preserved in the library of King's College, University of Aberdeen.

## Sources

* Ghisalberti, Alberto M. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: IX. Rome, 1967.
* Morin, G. "Bérenger contre Bérenger." Récherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale. IV, 2 (1932), pp 109–133.
# Russell Henry Manners

Russell Henry Manners (31 January 1800 – 9 May 1870) was an admiral in the British Royal Navy and later President of the Royal Astronomical Society.

## Early life and career

He was born in London, the only child of the member of parliament Russell Manners. In 1813 he was sent to the Royal Naval College, and in 1816 he began a career in the British Royal Navy. He first served on Minden, and in 1818 he became a midshipman on Orlando. He served on Malabar, Spartan, and Pyramus before gaining his lieutenancy on Tyne. He continued to serve until 1827 when he gained command of Britomart.

## Scientific life

On 4 March 1829 he gained his post rank. From this time forward he devoted much of his attention to scientific interests. He was also wed in 1834 when he married Louisa Jane, the daughter of the Count de Noé of France, and sister of the artist Amédée de Noé. Although the couple had seven children, they were only survived by two sons and a daughter.
He was elected to the Royal Astronomical Society in 1836, and became engaged in administrative duties within the society. He served as honorary secretary from 1848 until 1858, when he became foreign secretary. He also served intermittently as society president, and was elected to that position in 1868.
He also continued his career in the Royal Navy. In 1849 he retired from active service, becoming rear admiral in 1855, vice admiral in 1862, and admiral in 1865.
The crater Manners on the Moon is named in his honour.
# Bad Osterfingen

Bad Osterfingen is a traditional inn and winery in Osterfingen, Switzerland founded in 1472.
Today domestic wines from the own vineyard are served for visitors in the candlelit ballroom, cosy parlour or in the guest lounge.
# Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde

Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Fort on Gironde) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.
# KOSA

KOSA may refer to:
* Kids Online Safety Act, a bill introduced in the United States Senate
* KOSA-TV, Odessa, Texas television station
* former call sign of radio station KOZA (Texas)
# Bardel, Louisiana

Bardel is an unincorporated community in Richland Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community is located 18 miles (28.97 kilometres) east of Monroe, Louisiana.
# Kirangur

Kirangur is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Srirangapatna taluk of Mandya district in Karnataka.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kirangur had a population of 7087 with 3549 males and 3538 females.
# Biflua

Biflua is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Biflua physasca.
# Aemulor

In computing, Aemulor is an emulator of the earlier 26-bit addressing-mode ARM microprocessors. It runs on ARM processors under 32-bit addressing-mode versions of RISC OS. It was written by Adrian Lees and released in 2003. An enhanced version is available under the name Aemulor Pro.
The software allows Raspberry Pi, Iyonix PC and A9home computers running RISC OS to make use of some software written for older hardware. As of 2012, compatibility with the BeagleBoard single-board computer was under development.

## Development

The software's existence was first reported around the time of the announcement of the Iyonix in October 2002. A demo version was released in February 2003, with the commercial release in March of that year.
Aemulor Pro was released in 2004. This added enhancements, including support for low colour modes, required by scorewriter Sibelius and many games. A version for the A9home was released in 2005. The software was exhibited at the 2006 Wakefield Show.
In 2009, author Adrian Lees posted on The Icon Bar, showing an early prototype of the software running on the BeagleBoard. Progress on further compatibility for the Raspberry Pi single-board computer was announced by Lees on the RISC OS Open forum in 2012. Developer R-Comp was reported in May 2012 to be hoping to make Aemulor available for its BeagleBoard-xM-based ARMini computer.

## Features

The software provides full 26-bit emulation for applications written in C and ARM assembly language. It employs an XScale-optimised ARM code interpreter, supports SWI emulation from RISC OS 4 to 5, flag preservation and creation of dynamic areas in low memory. Support for running A310Emu is included, allowing users to further emulate earlier versions of the OS, going back to Arthur. As of 2003, due to the memory remapping employed, native 32-bit applications are restricted to a maximum size of 28Mb while Aemulor is running.
The original release included an Easter egg, with a prize of an upgrade to the Pro version for the person who found it.
Aemulor Pro adds support for low-bpp screen modes, sound, hardware emulation of VIDC/IOC, an altered memory map and 26-bit filing systems. Some software, such as Sibelius, can be run both in the desktop and in full screen.

### Compatible software

| Title | Purpose | Vendor/publisher |
| ArtWorks | vector graphics | MW Software |
| Impression | desktop publishing | Computer Concepts |
| PipeDream 3 | spreadsheet | Colton Software |
| Sibelius | scorewriter | Sibelius Software |
| Spheres of Chaos. | video game | |
| StrongED | text editor | |
| Zap | text editor | |
# Berengar

Berengar is a masculine name derived from Germanic roots meaning "bear" and "spear". The name appears frequently among certain noble families during the Middle Ages, especially the Unruochings and those related. Bérenger is the French form, while Berengario is the Italian form, Berenguer is the Catalan form, and Berenguier or Berengier is the Occitan form. The Latin form is Berengarius and the female equivalent is Berengaria. Other forms of the name include Berenger, Bérenger, Bérangier, or Beringer.

## Personal name

* Berengar of Toulouse, Frankish nobleman (fl. ninth century)
* Berengar I of Neustria, Frankish nobleman (fl. ninth century)
* Berengar II of Neustria, Frankish nobleman (d. 896)
* Berengar I of Italy, King of Italy (c. 845–924)
* Berengar II of Italy, King of Italy (c. 900–966)
* Judicael Berengar, Breton nobleman (fl. tenth century)
* Berengar of Tours, theologian (c. 999–1088)
* Berengar (bishop of Venosa) (fl. eleventh century)
* Berengar of Poitiers (fl. twelfth century), controversialist
* Henry Berengar, junior co-King of Germany, sometimes numbered as Henry VI (1136/7–1150)
* Berenguier de Palazol, Catalan troubadour (fl. 1160–1209)
* Berengier Trobel, Occitan troubadour (fl. thirteenth century)
* Berenguer de Palou II, bishop of Barcelona (d. 1241)
* Berenguer d'Anoia, Catalan troubadour (fl. fourteenth century)
* Berenger Fredoli, French bishop (c. 1250–1323)
* Bérenger Saunière, French priest (1852–1917)

### As a compound personal name

* Ramon Berenguer (disambiguation), multiple people
* Berenguer Ramon (disambiguation), multiple people

## Family name

* Álex Berenguer (born 1995), Spanish footballer
* Alphonse-Marie-Marcellin-Thomas Bérenger (1785–1866), French lawyer
* Florin Berenguer (born 1989), French footballer
* Henry Bérenger, (1867–1952) French senator, 1912–45; ambassador to the United States, 1926–28.
* Dámaso Berenguer (1873–1953), Spanish soldier and politician; 64th Prime Minister of Spain.
* Josep Renau Berenguer (1907–1982), Spanish artist
* Casimiro Berenguer (1909–2000), Puerto Rican Nationalist
* Joanna Bérenger (born 1989), Mauritian entertainer
* Pascal Berenguer (born 1981), French footballer
* Paul Bérenger (born 1945), Mauritian politician
* Tom Berenger (born 1949), American actor

## Fictional characters

* Bérenger, a character in the play Rhinoceros by Eugène Ionesco
* Bearenger, a character in Tails Sky Patrol
* Berengar of Arundel, a character in The Name of the Rose
* Berengar, a character in The Witcher (video game)
* Hugh Berengar, a character in The Cadfael Chronicles

## Other uses

* Beringer Vineyards
# Juergen Mayer

Juergen Mayer (sometimes listed as Jürgen Mayer, born 4 November 1976) is an Austrian bobsledder who has competed since 2007. His best World Cup finish was third in a four-man event at Lake Placid, New York, on 22 November 2009.
At the FIBT World Championships, Mayer earned his best finish of eighth twice in the four-man event (2008, 2009).
At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he was disqualified in the two-man event while crashing out in the four-man event.
# Saint-Étienne-des-Oullières

Saint-Étienne-des-Oullières is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.
# Kainton, South Australia

Kainton is a small town in the Australian state of South Australia situated about 10 km south of Paskeville in the upper Yorke Peninsula.
The Kainton school closed in 1907, but the "Hundred of Clinton School" was renamed "Kainton School" in 1915.
Kainton is located within the federal Division of Grey, the state electoral district of Narungga and the local government area known as the Yorke Peninsula Council.
# Barbara Miller Solomon

Barbara Leah Miller Solomon (February 12, 1919 – August 20, 1992) was an American historian. She studied US immigration and women's history and taught the first course at Harvard University on the history of US women.

## Early life and education

Born in Boston on February 12, 1919, Barbara Leah Miller was the only child of Bessie (Pinsky) and Benjamin Allen Miller, Jewish immigrants from Russia. She attended Girls' Latin School, then Radcliffe College, where she graduated magna cum laude in American History and Literature in 1940. She next earned a doctorate in American Civilization at Harvard in 1953. She studied with Oscar Handlin and Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.

## Career

She began teaching in 1957, first at Wheelock College in Boston. She taught at Harvard from 1959 until her retirement in 1985. She taught the first course at Harvard University on the history of US women. She also led the Radcliffe women’s archive, which became the Schlesinger Library, from 1959 to 1963. In 1970, Ernest R. May, then Dean of Harvard College, appointed Solomon assistant dean, the first woman to hold a deanship at Harvard.
Her 1985 book In the Company of Educated Women: A History of Women and Higher Education in America won the Frederic W. Ness Award of the Association of American Colleges.

## Personal life

In 1940, Miller eloped to New York with Harvard classmate Peter Herman Solomon, the son of a Harvard Medical School psychiatry professor and a psychiatric social worker. Barbara was married to Peter for 48 years until his death in 1988. They had three children.
She died of cancer on August 20, 1992, at her home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at age 73.
# Scotorythra paludicola

Scotorythra paludicola, the koa looper moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii.
During a recent outbreak of S. paludicola in 2013 on Hawaiʻi Island, larvae were found to feed on isolated populations of the invasive tree Falcataria moluccana near Akaka Falls State Park. Laboratory feeding trials of these larvae showed that they could complete their development at the same rate on both the normal host (Acacia koa) and the invasive tree (Falcataria moluccana). Three other exotic tree species, Acacia confusa, Prosopis pallida, and Leucaena leucocephala were not suitable host plants and all the larvae tested on these species died after 5 days of feeding.
# Bifluranol

Bifluranol (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, BANTooltip British Approved Name; brand name Prostarex; former developmental code name BX-341) is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group related to diethylstilbestrol that has been used as an antiandrogen in the United Kingdom in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The drug is described as a weak estrogen, and possesses about one-eighth the potency of diethylstilbestrol.
In spite of the fact that it is widely referred to as an antiandrogen in the literature, bifluranol is actually a pure estrogen and does not significantly bind to the androgen receptor or directly antagonize the action of androgens. It exerts functional antiandrogen effects by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor in the pituitary gland, consequently suppressing the secretion of luteinizing hormone (and hence acting as an antigonadotropin) and thereby reducing gonadal androgen production and systemic androgen levels. Bifluranol has also been found to act as a 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase inhibitor, though with less potency than ketoconazole, and this action may contribute to its efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia by further helping to lower androgen levels.
Related drugs include pentafluranol (BX-430) and terfluranol (BX-428), which are also estrogens.
# Adolf Phalén

Adolf Krister Hermansson Phalén, born 19 January 1884 in Tuna, Kalmar County, died 16 October 1931 in Uppsala, was a Swedish philosopher.

## Biography

Phalén entered Uppsala University in 1902 where he intended to study law. However, after passing the preparatory examination for law students in 1903, he switch to philosophy instead. He took a bachelor's degree in 1907 and a licentiate degree in 1910, studying for professor Karl Reinhold Geijer. He became a Ph.D. in 1912, after having written a thesis on Hegelian philosophy. Phalén became acting professor in theoretical philosophy in Uppsala from 1914, following Geijer's retirement, and professor from 1916.
In his younger days as a philosopher, Phalén was strongly influenced by Axel Hägerström, also active in Uppsala, which meant an active study of Immanuel Kant's philosophy and post-Kantian transcendental idealism. Hägerström and Phalén were the leading names in the Uppsala school of philosophy focused on analysis of concepts, and which came to prominence in the 1920s and 1930s.
Phaléns 1913 book, Beitrag zur Klärung des Begriffs der inneren Erfahrung, a work in epistemology, is usually considered his most important contribution.
His 1922 book Ueber die Relativität der Raum- und Zeit-bestimmungen discusses the concepts of space, time and movement, as well as epistemological questions about the foundations of geometry and the concepts of infinity and quantity. Phaléns criticism of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity in this book has been controversial. Phalén aims to differentiate between a philosophical and a physical part of Einstein's theories and only discusses the philosophical part. In 1937, physicist and philosopher Philipp Frank published a thorough counter-criticism to Phalén's writings in this field.
Phalén's student Harald Nordenson published a licentiate thesis in Swedish on Einstein's theories in 1922, which he later developed into his 1969 English book, Relativity, Time and Reality.