OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philomath

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A philomath (/ˈfɪləmæθ/) is a lover of learning and studying.
The term is from Greek philos (φίλος; "beloved", "loving", as in philosophy or philanthropy) and manthanein, math- (μανθάνειν, μαθ-; "to learn", as in polymath).
Philomathy is similar to, but distinguished from, philosophy in that -soph, the latter suffix, specifies "wisdom" or "knowledge", rather than the process of acquisition thereof. Philomath is not synonymous with polymath, as a polymath is someone who possesses great and detailed knowledge and facts from a variety of disciplines, while a philomath is someone who greatly enjoys learning and studying.

## Overview

The shift in meaning for mathema is likely a result of the rapid categorization during the time of Plato and Aristotle of their mathemata in terms of education: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music (the quadrivium), which the Greeks found to create a "natural grouping" of mathematical (in the modern usage; "doctrina mathematica" in the ancient usage) precepts.
In a philosophical dialogue, King James penned the character Philomathes to debate on arguments of whether the ancient religious concepts of witchcraft should be punished in a politically fueled Christian society. The arguments King James poses through the character Epistemon are based on concepts of theological reasoning regarding society's belief, as his opponent, Philomathes, takes a philosophical stance on society's legal aspects but seeks to obtain the knowledge of Epistemon. This philosophical approach signified a philomath seeking to obtain greater knowledge through epistemology. The dialogue was used by King James to educate society on various concepts including the history and etymology of the subjects debated.
# Huáscar (disambiguation)

Huáscar was Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire from 1527 to 1532. Huáscar may refer to:
* Huáscar (given name), people named Huáscar
* Huáscar (ironclad), ship
* Raids of Huáscar, series of raids by the Peruvian ironclad Huáscar
# Justice Marquez

Justice Marquez may refer to:
* Midas Marquez (born 1966), associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
* Monica Márquez (born 1969), associate justice of the Colorado Supreme Court
# Wadi Ghan Dam

The Wadi Ghan Dam is a rock-fill embankment dam located on Wadi Al-Hira, 14 km (9 mi) northeast of Gharyan in the Jabal al Gharbi District of Libya. Completed in 1982, the primary purpose of the dam is water supply for irrigation.
# Phlara

Phlara was a town of ancient Pontus on the road from Berissa to Sebasteia, inhabited during Roman times.
Its site is tentatively located near Yıldızeli/Yeni Han in Asiatic Turkey.
# James Pearce (South Australian politician)

James Pearce (1825 – 5 November 1904) was a South Australian businessman and politician based in Kapunda.

## History

Pearce was born in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England, in 1825. He arrived in South Australia in August 1849 and went to work with his brother William Pearce (c. 1815 – 19 November 1878), who had a business at the Beehive Corner, then went to Burra. He later ran a timber and hardware business, Pearce Wincey, & Co., in Kapunda for 36 years, was involved with administration of Kapunda Hospital, Dutton Park, and the town council, serving 1867–1868 as its second mayor. He retired to Kenilworth Avenue, Norwood around 1887.

## Politics

He represented Light in the South Australian House of Assembly from April 1870 to February 1875. In 1875, he was elected at the top of the list for Wooroora. He was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council in April 1877 and retired in April 1885.

## Family

James Pearce married Harrietta Edmonds (ca.1825 – 10 July 1909) on 7 September 1843 at Saint Mary, Aylesbury He lived at Kapunda and later Kenilworth Avenue, Norwood. Their children included:
* Samuel William Pearce (31 March 1848 – 1 January 1932 ) married Mary Williams on 8 July 1867
* Henry Edmonds "Harry" Pearce (1 January 1858 – 18 May 1881), a policeman, died of stab wounds inflicted while arresting a grog runner.
* James Smith Pearce (22 August 1859 – 20 September 1929 ) married Bessie Sheogh Fotheringham (died 1893) on 10 February 1880. He married again, to Lizzie Moyle on 18 May 1896
* Emma Jane Pearce (15 September 1855 – 10 October 1935 ) married John Bradford Scott on 7 December 1876
* Agnes Harriet Pearce (16 December 1863 – 1958) married H. B. Kiddell on 13 July 1889
* Ada Caroline Pearce (24 April 1869 – 3 December 1901) married John Gould Kelly on 20 September 1887
# Gillison

Gillison is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew Gillison (1868–1915), Scottish-born Australian Army chaplain
* James Allan Gillison (1892–1975), British-Australian medical doctor
* Maura L. Gillison, American oncologist and molecular epidemiologist
* Samantha Gillison (born 1967), Australian-born American writer
# Polyhymno inermis

Polyhymno inermis is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is found in Mpumalanga, South Africa.
The wingspan is about 8 mm. The forewings are ochreous brownish with a fine white oblique striga from the costa at two-thirds, the costal edge blackish on each side of this, its apex extended as a leaden-grey line to near the termen beneath the apex, then sharply angulated and continued near the termen to near the tornus. There are two wedge-shaped white marks from the costa towards the apex. The hindwings are grey.
# Galltfaenan Hall

Gallfaenan Hall, also known as Alltvaynan, is a Grade II listed building near to Trefnant and Henllan in Denbighshire, Wales.
Gallt is a Welsh word that can mean "Wooded hillside" and "Faenan" is a mutation of the word Maenan. Maenan means "Place of the big stone" and in the area, equates to "Manor House". "Manor house on the wooded hillside" describes the property well.
The site was established by the 16th century, when a branch of the Salusbury family bought it from the Ravenscroft family and made it their seat. The direct line of the Salusbury branch ended in 1791 and the estate passed to a cousin's son, Colonel John Lloyd, on condition that he adopted the Salusbury arms and name. Following his marriage in 1810, the building was probably much altered, including by the construction of a Regency-style entrance that still exists.
The house passed to the cousin's daughter, Anna Maria Salusbury, on his death. She married Townshend Mainwaring of Marchwiel Hall, who at various times was a Member of Parliament, Justice of the Peace and High Sheriff of Denbighshire. It was again remodelled in the 1860s, using designs by the Denbigh firm of Lloyd Williams and Underwood that included a galleried stair hall. The estate, which comprised 10,686 acres (4,324 ha) in 1873, was then inherited ones of their sons, Charles Salusbury Mainwaring, who in turn bequeathed it to Randle Kynaston Lloyd Salusbury Mainwaring.
Gallfaenan next passed out of the Mainwaring family to Ernest Tate, the sugar magnate, in 1926. He arranged the construction of an additional wing designed by F. C. Saxon, with other interior work by Waring and Gillow.
As of 2019, Galltfaenan was in use as a care home.
# Healthy Building Network

The Healthy Building Network is an organization founded in 2000 which publishes and researches information on the sustainability of building materials and advocates for the use of environmentally friendly building materials and building policies. Other partner organizations which support the projects of the Healthy Building Network, including Boston Green and BuildingGreen.
The Pharos Project is one of their main projects and publishes information about the environmental impact of building materials. Pharos Project was first unveiled in 2006, and was described by an HBN representative as "a user-friendly materials evaluation tool that strives to be transparent, comprehensive, independent, accurate and fair." In 2009, the Pharos Project received an award from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA called the project "a revolutionary on-line tool for evaluating and comparing the health, environmental and social impacts of building materials in a comprehensive and transparent way."
Other projects include research and literature surveys for particular types of building materials or hazards. For example, in December 2013, the organization released a report assessing the asthmagens commonly found in building materials.
# Pickavance

Pickavance is an English surname.
The name may refer to:
People:
* Ian Pickavance (born 1968), an English former professional rugby league footballer
* Norman Pickavance, an advisor, author and activist involved in organisation and societal renewal
* Stephen Pickavance, a British former competitive figure skater
* Thomas Gerald Pickavance (1915–1991), a British nuclear physicist
# 1988 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 3000 metres

The women's 3000 metres event at the 1988 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 6 March.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Elly van Hulst | Netherlands | 8:44.50 | CR |
| | Vera Michallek | West Germany | 8:46.97 | |
| | Wendy Sly | Great Britain | 8:51.04 | |
| 4 | Zita Ágoston | Hungary | 8:55.99 | NR |
| 5 | Birgit Barth | East Germany | 8:56.21 | |
| 6 | Vanya Stoyanova | Bulgaria | 9:07.30 | |
| 7 | Claudia Borgschulze | West Germany | 9:31.42 | |
# Polyhymno intorta

Polyhymno intorta is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1918. It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The wingspan is about 6 mm. The forewings are blackish with two closely parallel whitish median lines from the base, the upper not reaching the middle, the lower continued along the fold to the tornus. There is a whitish dorsal line from the base to the tornus and a very oblique whitish streak from two-fifths of the costa and a very oblique whitish line from one-third of the dorsum, meeting at an acute angle in the disc and produced to near the termen, then shortly acute angled back parallel to the termen. A fine double dark fuscous line suffused with fulvous is found from three-fourths of the costa into the apex, then along the termen to the tornus, on the costal portion margined on each side by fine whitish lines. The hindwings are violet grey.
# Karol Wolfram

Karol Wolfram (5 November 1899 – 21 September 1965) was a Polish Evangelical priest from Warsaw and professor and pro-rector of the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw.
He entered the Gymnasium (Władysława IV) in Warsaw; in 1920 he began his studies in Evangelical theology at the University of Warsaw. After graduating, he was ordained in 1924 and then worked as a vicar in Warsaw for a time. Later he became a provost in Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, where he was an auxiliary chaplain to the Polish Army from 1926 to 1929. He completed his studies in Germany. After his return from Germany, he became assistant of the University of Warsaw, where he worked on the New Testament.
In 1935 he became a postgraduate university lecturer, and during World War II he taught at the clandestine Methodist Bible School in Poland.
Wolfram was part of the committee responsible for the Warsaw Bible [pl], an Evangelical translation.
He died in Warsaw and was buried in the Evangelical cemetery there.
# Wick, Ohio

Wick is an unincorporated community in Ashtabula County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called Wick was established in 1890, and remained in operation until 1904. The community has the name of William Wick, a local minister.
# Pomaderris cinerea

Pomaderris cinerea is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is a shrub or small tree with hairy branches, elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, and panicles of pale yellow flowers.

## Description

Pomaderris cinerea is a shrub or tree that typically grows to a height of 5–10 m (16–33 ft), its branches ribbed and covered with woolly, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are more or less elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 20–50 mm (0.79–1.97 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide, the upper surface with velvety hairs and the lower surface densely covered with star-shaped hairs. The flowers are borne in narrow panicles and lack petals. Flowering occurs in summer and the fruit is a hairy capsule.

## Taxonomy

Pomaderris cinerea was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis from specimens collected by Ferdinand von Mueller on Mount Imlay and at Twofold Bay. The specific epithet (cinerea) means "ash-covered or grey".

## Distribution and habitat

This pomaderris grows in forest or near rainforest on near-coastal ranges from near Moruya to Bega in the far south-east of New South Wales.
# Pomaderris clivicola

Pomaderris clivicola is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of Queensland. It is a multi-stemmed shrub with softly-hairy twigs, egg-shaped leaves, and small panicles of yellow to cream-coloured flowers.

## Description

Pomaderris clivicola is a multi-stemmed shrub that typically grows to a height of 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft), its twigs densely covered with soft hairs. The leaves are egg-shaped, 15–32 mm (0.59–1.26 in) long and 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) wide on a petiole 2.5–4.5 mm (0.098–0.177 in) long with narrow triangular stipules at the base. The upper surface of the leaves is densely covered with velvety hairs and the lower surface softly-hairy. The flowers are borne in small panicles 7–20 mm (0.28–0.79 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. The sepals are yellow to cream-coloured, 1.2–2.0 mm (0.047–0.079 in) long and there are no petals. Flowering occurs from December to January and the fruit is a hairy capsule about 2 mm (0.079 in) long.

## Taxonomy

This pomaderris was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham who gave it the name Pomaderris ferruginea var. canescens in Flora Australiensis from specimens collected on Percy Island by Allan Cunningham. In 1951, Norman Arthur Wakefield raised the variety to species status as Pomaderris canescens in The Victorian Naturalist. The specific epithet (clivicola) means "slopes-dweller".

## Distribution and habitat

Pomaderris clivicola is only known from near Gayndah where it grows in open forest near rock outcrops, and near Coalstoun Lakes where it is found in open forest and in dry scrub.

## Conservation status

This pomaderris is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "endangered" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992. The main threats to the species include weed invasion, cattle grazing, roadworks and inappropriate fire regimes.
One population was threatened by roadworks on the Humphery-Binjour Road in Gayndah in 2013.
# Polybia dimidiata

Polybia dimidiata, also known as the tapiucaba or lamborina in Brazil, is a species of eusocial wasp found in South America.
# Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes

Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes is the 45th studio album by American country music artist George Jones, released in 1985 on the Epic Records label.
The album is best known for the title track and its classic video, which would go on to win the CMA Award for Video of the Year. In the song, Jones sings of the irreplaceability of country music legends, including Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Conway Twitty, Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Charlie Rich, Marty Robbins, Hank Williams and Lefty Frizzell. The music video, which was directed by Marc Ball, takes place at a roadside gas station, where the owner shares with Jones his extensive collection of albums and memorabilia from classic country music artists. It was the singer's first music video and featured him looking healthier than he had in years. Jones' producer Billy Sherrill appears at the beginning of the video playing the bus driver. At the end of the video, the driver of the Cadillac with bullhorns is James Morgan, he was the owner of the car, along with his wife, Judy Morgan. They also created the nostalgic set for this video. James Morgan was a fixture on the 1980s Nashville music scene. Music executive Rick Blackburn is the man in the passenger seat of the Cadillac. As Bob Allen writes in his book George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend, the song "struck a strong enough chord of empathy with old-time country music lovers to end up number three in Billboard.
The album produced two other hit singles: the concert favorite "The One I Loved Back Then (The Corvette Song)", which also went to number 3, and the down-and-out honky tonk "cheatin and drinkin' song" "Somebody Wants Me Out Of The Way", which peaked at number 9. Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes also features a couple of duets with Lynn Anderson and Lacy J. Dalton.
Jones was promoting the album when he appeared at the inaugural Farm Aid benefit in 1985.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
# Who's Foolin' Who (Bonfire album)

Who's Foolin' Who is the second compilation by the German hard rock band Bonfire. It is a greatest hits collection that was released by BMG International in 2000. The album contains material from Bonfire's first four albums. The title is from one of the band's songs from the album Point Blank.

## Band members

(At the time of this release)
* Claus Lessmann
* Hans Ziller
* Chris Lausmann
* Uwe Kohler
* Jurgen Wiehler
# Wheelchair basketball at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's team rosters

This is a list of players that participated in the women's wheelchair basketball competition at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

## Group A
### Australia

The following is the Australia roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### Canada

The following is the Canada roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### Germany

The following is the Germany roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### Great Britain

The following is the Great Britain roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### Japan

The following is the Japan roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

## Group B
### Algeria

The following is the Algeria roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### China

The following is the China roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### Netherlands

The following is the Netherlands roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### Spain

The following is the Spain roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

### United States

The following is the United States roster in the women's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
# Ponna Wignaraja

Deshamanya Ponna Wignaraja (1926) is a Sri Lankan academic, economist and social scientist. He was the Coordinator of South Asian Perspectives Network Association (the "SAPNA"), entity with ties of the United Nations University, and prior to that the Secretary-general of the Society for International Development at Rome (Italy).

## Early life and academic career

Born in Sri Lanka during British colonization, when it was still known as British Ceylon, Ponna Wignaraja was educated in economics from the University of Ceylon in 1948. After Wignaraja received graduate degree in United States at Yale University.
Between 1951 and 1953, Wignaraja was development advisor at International Monetary Fund (IMF). Thereafter, he was advisor at World Bank (1962–1967).
Ponna Wignaraja was Secretary-general of the Society for International Development (1981–1986). In 1991, he was vice chairman of the Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty Alleviation and he was chairman of the South Asian Perspectives Network Association (SAPNA).
In 1993, Ponna Wignaraja was awarded the highest civilian honour for national service in Sri Lanka: the honorifical title named Deshamanya.
He is father of the Sri Lankan researcher and economist Ganeshan Wignaraja.

## Publications

Among Wignaraja's publications are:
* A New strategy for development, s./d., 1976.
* A framework for rethinking the concept of appropriate technology for development, Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1978.
* Reversing anti-rural development, Roma: SID, 1984.
* The Challenge in South Asia: Development, Democracy and Regional Cooperation, United Nations University Press, 1989. (with Akmal Hussein)
* Women, poverty and resources, New Delhi; Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage, 1990.
* Participatory Development: Learning from South Asia, United Nations University Press, 1991.
* New Social Movements in the South: Empowering the People, Zed Books, 1993.
* Towards a Theory of Rural Development, Colombo: South Asian Perspectives Network Associations, 1998.
* Pro-Poor Growth and Governance in South Asia: Decentralization and Participatory Development, SAGE Publications, 2004. (with Susil Sirivardana)
* Economic democracy through pro-poor growth, Sage, 2009. (with Susil Sirivardana and Akmal Hussain)
# Polyergus nigerrimus

Polyergus nigerrimus is a species of slave-making ant in the subfamily Formicinae. It is native to Russia.
# Imperial Austrian Exhibition

The Imperial Austrian Exhibition world's fair was held at Earl's Court in London in 1906. It opened on 20 June and closed on 6 October.

## Exhibitions and attractions

Three aspects of Austrian society were explored in different themed areas:
* There was a "Tyrolean Village" with lacemakers, woodcarvers, beer halls and cafes
* A model underground salt mine reached by a slide
* A Bohemia area opened by the Bohemian revivalist Count Lützow
Exhibitors included the photographer Josef Jindřich Šechtl, and the bronze goods manufacturer Kalmar who won a bronze prize. There was also an Austrian restaurant.
The exhibition was the last use of the Great Wheel, a 94.5-metre (310 ft) tall Ferris wheel which was the world's tallest from its opening in 1895 until 1900. It was demolished in 1907.
# Phymosteus

Phymosteus liui is an extinct large selenosteid arthrodire placoderm known from the Lower Famennian Xiejingshi Formation of Shimen County, Hunan province, in central China.
The holotype and only known specimen of P. liui is a V-shaped median dorsal plate with a distinctive texture. Because the fossil is incomplete, its exact relationship to the other selenosteids can not be satisfactorily determined.
# Rafsky

Rafsky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lawrence C. Rafsky, American data scientist, inventor, and entrepreneur
* Robert Rafsky (1945–1993), American writer, publicist, and HIV/AIDS activist