OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shut-in

Shut-in may refer to:

## People

* A shut-in is a person confined indoors, especially as a result of physical or mental disability
** Agoraphobe
** Recluse
** Invalid, or patient
** Hikikomori, a Japanese term for reclusive adolescents or adults who withdraw from social life

## Geography

* Shut-in (river), a river that's naturally confined within a deep, narrow channel
* Shut-in Creek, a creek in Missouri, US

## Film

* Intruders (2015 film), a thriller starring Beth Riesgraf, also known as Shut In
* Shut In (2016 film), a thriller starring Naomi Watts
* Shut In (2022 film), a thriller starring Rainey Qualley, Josh Horowitz, and Vincent Gallo

## Other uses

* Shut-in (oil drilling), the implementation of a production cap lower than the available output at a particular site
* "The Shut-In!", an episode of Amphibia
# Shoko Hamada (footballer)

Shoko Hamada (浜田 彰子, Hamada Shōko) is a former Japanese football player. She played for Japan national team.

## National team career

On January 21, 1986, Hamada debuted for Japan national team against India. She played two games for Japan in 1986.

## National team statistics

Japan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1986 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 0 |
# Laura Garwin

Laura Justine Garwin (born 1957) is an American trumpeter and former science journalist. One of the first women to become a Rhodes Scholar, she is the former physical sciences editor of Nature, co-editor of the book A Century of Nature, and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. After leaving her career in science to become a professional musician in London, she played with the BBC Symphony Orchestra and became principal trumpet of the Covent Garden Sinfonia and the St Paul's Sinfonia.

## Early life and education

Garwin, born in 1957, is the daughter of physicist and hydrogen bomb designer Richard Garwin. She skipped two grades in elementary school, and finished Scarsdale High School at age 15. She then went to Radcliffe College (now part of Harvard University), following her father's footsteps as a physics major but also playing trumpet in multiple student music groups and playing for the school's volleyball and water polo teams.
After graduating in 1977, she became a Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford, in the first year that the Rhodes Scholarship program included women among its scholars. At Oxford, she read geology in St Hugh's College. After a second bachelor's degree from Oxford, she went to the University of Cambridge for a doctorate in earth sciences; her dissertation research applied fission track dating to the geology of the eastern Pyrenees.

## Science journalism

Garwin became physical sciences editor of Nature in 1988. In 1996 she became North American editor for Nature. In 2001 she returned to Harvard, as director of research for the Bauer Center for Genomics Research, headed by Andrew Murray, and subsequently as executive director of the Harvard Center for Systems Biology.
Her book A Century of Nature: Twenty-One Discoveries that Changed Science and the World (edited with Tim Lincoln) was published by the University of Chicago Press in 2003. She is also the coauthor with Philip Ball of a heavily-cited 1992 Nature report on nanotechnology, Science at the atomic scale.
Garwin's work in science journalism was recognized by the American Physical Society (APS) in 2003, by electing her as a Fellow of the American Physical Society. Her nomination as a fellow was supported by the APS Division of Biological Physics, and was for "her outstanding contributions in increasing the strength and prestige of physics and biological physics at Nature, and for her service to the physics and biology communities, as a bridge between these disciplines".

## Return to music

In 2005, Garwin left her work in science to concentrate on trumpet music full-time. She became a student again, at the Royal College of Music. While in the college, she played with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. After earning a Postgraduate Diploma in Advanced Performance in 2009 she became principal trumpet for the Orchestra of St Paul's (later renamed the Covent Garden Sinfonia) and the St Paul's Sinfonia. She is also a member of a London-based brass quintet, Pentagon Brass.
# Latorpsbruk

Latorpsbruk is a locality situated in Örebro Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden with 597 inhabitants in 2010.
# Shubha (name)

Shubha (शुभा) is a female given-name among Hindus and means auspicious, or bringing good luck. The meaning comes from the root, Shubh (शुभ). Notable people named Shubha include:
* Shubha Mudgal (born 1959), Hindustani classical music singer
* Shubha Raul (born 1967), Mayor of the Indian metropolis of Mumbai 2007–2009
# Sideritis pusilla

Sideritis pusilla is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae.

## Description

It is a subshrub that reaches a height of 17-42 cm, without stolons. The stems are brown or greenish, hairy on all sides. Leaves measure 8-17 × 3-5 mm, lanceolate or elliptical, with a mucronate apex and 1-3 broad teeth on each side. The inflorescence measures 5-35 × 1-1.5 cm, formed by 3-11 whorls each containing 6 non-globose flowers. Bracts are 5-10 × 8-10 mm, broadly ovate. The corolla is 8-9 mm, uniform in color, cream-colored, sometimes white. The nutlets measure 2 × 1.5-1.7 mm, subtrigonous, ± smooth, shiny, and dark brown. 2n = 22, 26; n = 11, 13.

## Distribution and habitat

This Lamiaceae species has an Iberian-African distribution and inhabits thyme-covered areas and scrubland on calcareous, marly, or gypsum substrates.
Sideritis pusilla can be found in Spain, specifically in the provinces of Alicante, Almería, Granada, Córdoba, Málaga, and the Region of Murcia.

## Taxonomy

Sideritis pusilla was described by (Lange) Pau and published in Species Plantarum 2: 574. 1753.

### Cytology

The chromosome number of Sideritis pusilla (Fam. Labiatae) and its infraspecific taxa is 2n = 22, 22 + 7B.

### Etymology

* Sideritis: The generic name derives from the Greek "sideritis," which can be literally translated as "the one that is or has iron." The plant was known to the ancient Greeks, specifically Dioscorides and Theophrastus. Although Dioscorides describes three species, only one (probably S. scordioides) is believed to refer to sideritis. In antiquity, sideritis was a generic reference for plants capable of healing wounds caused by iron weapons in battles. However, others argue that the name derives from the shape of the sepal, which resembles the tip of a spear.
* pusilla: A Latin epithet meaning "very small."

### Subspecies

Flora Ibérica recognizes three subspecies in Spain and one more in North Africa.
For Spain, the subspecies are:
* Sideritis pusilla subsp. pusilla
* Sideritis pusilla subsp. granatensis
* Sideritis pusilla subsp. alhamillensis

### Synonymy

The publication Flora Ibérica does not recognize the taxa Sideritis marminorensis or Sideritis pusilla subsp. carthaginensis. In the Region of Murcia, the latter taxon is protected under the category of "special interest".
* Sideritis almeriensis Pau
* Sideritis briquetiana Font Quer & Pau
* Sideritis debeauxii Font Quer
* Sideritis foucauldiana Sennen & Mauricio
* Sideritis granatensis (Pau) Alcaraz & al.
* Sideritis granatensis subsp. briquetiana (Font Quer & Pau) Socorro & Arrebola
* Sideritis hirsuta var. granatensis Pau
* Sideritis kebdanensis Sennen
* Sideritis pusilla subsp. alhamillensis Obón & D.Rivera
* Sideritis pusilla subsp. briquetiana (Font Quer & Pau) D.Rivera & Obón
* Sideritis pusilla var. carthaginensis Font Quer
* Sideritis pusilla subsp. granatensis (Pau) D.Rivera & Obón
* Sideritis scordioides var. pusilla Lange

## Common names

Sideritis pusilla has several common names in Spanish, including garranchuelo (9), jajareña (2), jereña (2), rabogato (3), zahareña de la sierra, zajareña.
# Sideritis syriaca

Sideritis syriaca, commonly known as ironwort, is a species of perennial flowering plant native to Crete, Turkey, and Syria in the eastern Mediterranean. It grows at high elevations in the mountains. It is commonly found on wet grounds, on the high pastures, above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).
It is similar to chamomile and used in the Balkans (where it is known as "mountain tea") to make a tisane.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are accepted.
* Sideritis syriaca subsp. nusairiensis (Post) Hub.-Mor. – southern Turkey and western Syria
* Sideritis syriaca subsp. syriaca – Crete
# Sid Corfield

Sidney Corfield (24 June 1883 – 1941) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for both Black Country rivals, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers.

## Career

Corfield began his career with amateur side Toll End Wesley, before Football League side West Bromwich Albion in 1902. He made only eight first team appearances though, before quitting football at the request of his parents.
He returned to the game in 1905 when he signed for Wolverhampton Wanderers. He made his Wolves debut on 21 October 1905 in a 2–1 win against Blackburn Rovers. He made 29 appearances during this season which saw the club suffer relegation for the first time. After a further 18 appearances during the following campaign, he found himself out of first time contention.
He left Molineux to join Welsh League side Wrexham in 1909. He helped the club to two successive Welsh Cup triumphs before returning to the West Midlands with non-league Tipton Victoria. He retired from playing in 1915.
# Paula Red

Paula Red (or Paulared) Discovered by Lewis Arends near Sparta, Michigan in 1960. It was near other wild apple seedlings growing near a ravine where apples had been dumped. Tests run by experts show its parents to be McIntosh and Duchess. Paulareds mature after Duchess and before McIntosh. Hilltop Nurseries held the patent for Paulareds. They had a contest to name the apple with Paulared being chosen to honor “Luke” Arends's wife Pauline

## Appearance and flavor

Paulared apples are bright red with some yellow and tan spots; the skin often has a dusty sheen. They have a sprightly taste, not too sweet and not too tart, vinous and slightly reminiscent of strawberries. It has a firm white flesh that becomes soft and mealy extremely quickly as its season declines. Paula Red apples are suitable for both eating fresh and cooking, although they become extremely soft when cooked, which suits them to some dishes (applesauce) and not others (pies).

## History

The first Paulared apple tree was discovered in 1960 by grower Lewis Arends near a McIntosh block in his orchard in Sparta Township, Kent County, Michigan. He named the apple after his wife, Pauline. Paulared apples appeared on the market in 1968.

## Season

The Paulared apple is available from late August into October. It ripens with, and is often mistaken for, Tydeman's Early Worcester, another variety of McIntosh.
# Snooze (album)

Snooze is an album by American pianist Joanne Brackeen recorded in 1975 and released on the Choice label before being rereleased as Six Ate on CD on Candid in 1996.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow stated "Pianist Joanne Brackeen's debut album (after a barely documented period with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers) is a very impressive effort. ... Her chord voicings are thick and sometimes quite dense, but this music is strangely accessible".

## Track listing

All compositions by Joanne Brackeen except where noted.
* "Nefertiti" (Wayne Shorter) – 7:56
* "Circles" (Miles Davis) – 7:19
* "C-Sri" – 6:07
* "Zulu" – 4:46
* "Sixate" – 4:49
* "Old Devil Moon" (Burton Lane, Yip Harburg) – 6:48
* "Snooze" – 6:24
* "I Didn't Know What Time It Was" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) – 6:46 Bounus track on CD release

## Personnel

* Joanne Brackeen – piano
* Cecil McBee – bass
* Billy Hart – drums
# Pigment violet 23

Pigment violet 23 is an organic compound that is a commercial pigment. It is member of the dioxazine family of heterocyclic compounds, but derived from carbazoles. It is prepared by condensation of chloranil and 3-amino-N-ethylcarbazole. It has a centrosymmetric angular structure. For many years, the structure was assigned, incorrectly, as having a "linear structure" (EC no. 228-767-9, CAS RN 6358-30-1) which differ in terms of the carbazole ring fusion.
Pigment violet 23 is prepared by condensation of an aniline with chloranil.
# Noncommutative residue

In mathematics, noncommutative residue, defined independently by M. Wodzicki (1984) and Guillemin (1985), is a certain trace on the algebra of pseudodifferential operators on a compact differentiable manifold that is expressed via a local density. In the case of the circle, the noncommutative residue had been studied earlier by M. Adler (1978) and Y. Manin (1978) in the context of one-dimensional integrable systems.
# Aenictus chapmani

Aenictus chapmani is a species of dark brown army ant found in Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Specific populations have been studied in the Huon Peninsula and near Dumaguete.
# Symydobius

Symydobius is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Symydobius alniarius (Matsumura, 1917)
* Symydobius americanus Baker, 1918
# Lassi, Saare County

Lassi is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 20.
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Salme Parish.
# Sickle cell-beta thalassemia

Sickle cell-beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder. The disease may range in severity from being relatively benign and like sickle cell trait to being similar to sickle cell disease.

## Signs and symptoms

Patients with sickle cell-beta thalassemia may present with painful crises similar to patients with sickle cell disease

## Cause

Sickle cell-beta thalassemia is caused by inheritance of a sickle cell allele from one parent and a beta thalassemia allele from the other.

### Mutations

A sickle allele is always the same mutation of the beta-globin gene (glutamic acid to valine at amino acid six). In contrast, beta-thalassemia alleles can be created by many different mutations including both deletion and non-deletion forms.

## Diagnosis

Patient may present with symptomatic anemia or with sickle crises. In the United States and other countries with new-born screening programs, the disease may be identified in neonates.
Diagnostic tests include DNA sequencing, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and high-performance liquid chromatography.

## Treatment

Treatment is the same as for patients with sickle cell disease. Patients may receive hydroxyurea to induce the protective effects of increased fetal hemoglobin production. They may also benefit from blood transfusions especially during vaso-occlusive crises. Patients may be offered chemoprophylaxis with penicillin. They may have splenic dysfunction and splenectomy is frequently performed. Vaccination against encapsulated bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended.
# Sidi El Aidi

Sidi El Aidi is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13273 people living in 2226 households.
# Sidi El Bahri Mosque

Sidi El Bahri Mosque, also called masjed Sidi El Bahri (Arabic: مسجد سيدي البحري), is one of the historical mosques of the medina of Sfax, Tunisia. It is classified as a national monument since 1922.

## Location

The mosque is located on the southern part of the medieval city of Sfax. It opens, at the same time, on the Kasbah's street and the Bab Diwan square. Thanks to this strategic location, the Sidi El Bahri mosque played other roles besides its religious function: it had a defensive function, controlling the passengers flood through of the medina's main entrance, Bab Diwan, as well as an economic role, supervising commercial activities and financial exchanges, especially during the Hafsid era.

## History

Due to lack of documentation, the history of this mosque is still unclear. It is mentioned in registers of deeds of habous as well as in the inventory of monuments set by the students of the Military School of Bardo in the middle of the 19th century. The architectural style of the mihrab of this mosque suggests that it was built during the hafsid dynasty's reign. According to an epigraphic inscription that decorates the monument, the construction of the building is attributed to Al Kotti family, known for its famous constructors in the medina of Sfax. Another inscription dating from 1789 commemorates restoration work on the monument during the Husainid era.

## Description

The Sidi El Bahri mosque is composed of a rectangular prayer room measuring 7.5 meters long and 7 meters wide. Its vaulted roof rests on four central columns which divide the space into three longitudinal naves, parallel to the wall of the qibla, and three other naves that are perpendicular to it. There is a local traditional decoration, common to many other monuments of the medina. Its mihrab, of simple style, is very similar to the one in Sidi Ali Ennouri Mausoleum's prayer room. The building has a stone facade with carved stone framed openings and epigraphic inscriptions on top of the front door.
# Lassar Cohn

Lassar Cohn, Lassar-Cohn or Ernst Lassar Cohn (6 September 1858 – 9 October 1922) was a Prussian chemist and professor at the University of Königsberg who wrote several influential textbooks on organic analysis including methods for the analysis of urine.
Cohn was born in the Jewish family of Jacob Marcus Cohen and Hanna Hewe in Hamburg. He studied at the Gymnasium in Königsberg before going the University of Heidelberg. He also studied at Bonn and Königsberg. After receiving a doctorate in 1880 and habilitation in 1888 he joined the University of Königsberg and became a professor in 1894. He worked for some time from 1897 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich but returned to Königsberg in 1902. In 1907 he also began to work with the chemical industry. Cohn's major works included studies of organic compounds, tartaric acid and its esters, bile chemistry and the recycling of industrial wastes. He innovated methods for nitrogen measurement, saccharimetry, and urine analysis.
# Lassandro

Lassandro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Damiano Lassandro (born 1947), Italian boxer
* Florence Lassandro (1900–1923), Italian-Canadian bootlegger
# Sidney Williams (author)

Sidney Williams (born 1962) is an American author of six novels under his own name and three young adult novels under the pseudonym Michael August. He has also authored numerous short stories and comic book scripts. Williams received a Master of Fine Arts from Goddard College.

## Biography

Williams grew up and worked as a newspaper reporter in Louisiana where much of his fiction is set. One of his most popular books, Night Brothers, brought a vampire to the Louisiana landscape. He also co-authored the short story "Does the Blood Line Run on Time?" for the collection Under the Fang with fellow Louisiana writer Robert Petitt.
Williams now resides in Florida.:
# Lasse Simonsen

Lasse Simonsen (born 1953), is a professor at the University of Oslo.
He took his cand.jur. degree at University of Oslo in 1979 and his doctorate in law in 1997. He became associate professor and later professor in 2001 and has been dean of the Department of Private Law since 2004. He has also been a magistrate and for a period of time also a judge in the Court of Appeal.
He has written several books on European law of torts and contract, most noted of which is his 1997 book on precontractual liability. He is also a co-author of The Common Core of European Private Law. Mistake, Fraud and Duties to inform in European Contract Law, Cambridge University Press 2005. (ISBN 0521844231. 414 pages)
# Siege of Messina (842–843)

The siege of Messina was launched by the Aghlabids, allied with the Neapolitans, against the Byzantine city of Messina from 842 to 843. The Allied forces managed to capture the city after a long siege.

## Siege

The Arabs began transferring their military operations to the far east of the island of Sicily and set out to besiege the city of Messina. The Aghlabids were allied with the Neapolitans and besieged the city from land and sea. The Aghlabids were led by Fadl bin Jafar al-Hamadhani. The city fiercely resisted the Arabs, repelling all of their assaults. Al-Fadl made a plan; he secretly sent part of his force to the mountains behind the city of Messina. Al-Fadl then launched a vigorous assault from the sea. While the Byzantine garrison concentrated on repelling the assaults, the Aghlabid force marched down from the mountains and scaled the walls behind the Byzantines. Seeing this, the Byzantine garrison soon capitulated, and Messina was taken. The siege lasted from October 10, 842, to September 29, 843.
The victory at Messina allowed the Aghlabids to control the crucial strait of Messina, and there the Aghlabids launched their raids into southern Italy.
# Sidney Anderson Kinnear

Sidney Anderson Kinnear, CBE (1902 – 1985) was the first HM Chief Inspector of Constabulary for Scotland to come from a police rather than a military background.
# Siemens-Schuckert DDr.I

The Siemens-Schuckert DDr.I was a World War I German twin engine, push-pull configuration triplane fighter aircraft. Only one was built, crashing on its first flight.

## Design and development

The unusual DDr.I was one of the first aircraft to have two engines on the same centre line, one in tractor configuration and the other a pusher, an arrangement usually known as tandem push-pull. It was a triplane with constant chord, straight edged, square tipped wings of equal span and marked stagger. These were divided into two bays by pairs of near-parallel interplane struts. The upper wing was braced over the fuselage with a pair of N-form struts, leaning inward from the upper fuselage to common mountings on the wing centre line. The middle wing of the triplane was positioned at shoulder height on the fuselage and the lower wing passed unbraced below. There were short span ailerons on each wing.
The smoothly faired and contoured short fuselage of the DDr.I positioned the open pilot's cockpit between two 110 hp (82 kW) Siemens-Halske Sh.I nine cylinder rotary engines, one with a two blade tractor propeller and the other driving a four blade pusher turning just aft of the lower wing trailing edge. The empennage was mounted on four longitudinal, tubular outrigger beams, braced with vertical and transverse members. There were no fixed rear surfaces; the single piece, constant chord elevator reached between the two upper beams and a pair of similarly shaped rudder went from the upper to the lower beams, hinged further aft than the elevator but with their lower ends on a hinged frame that moved with it. The DDr.I had a fixed conventional undercarriage, with its mainwheels on a single axle mounted on wide spread V-struts attached to the lower fuselage at the lower corner points of each engine's firewall.
Engine control problems and a lack of stability experienced in the first flight, made on 9 November 1917, led to a crash; the aircraft was not rebuilt and plans for a more powerful version, the DDr.II, powered by two 160 hp (119 kW), Siemens-Halske Sh.III eleven cylinder rotary engines were abandoned.

## Specifications

Data from German Aircraft of the First World War
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 5.8 m (19 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 10.9 m (35 ft 9 in)
* Wing area: 30 m$^2$ (320 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 680 kg (1,499 lb)
* Gross weight: 910 kg (2,006 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Siemens-Halske Sh.1 9-cylinder rotary, 82 kW (110 hp) each
* Propellers: 2/4-bladed ; the tractor propeller had two blades and the pusher four.
Armament
* Guns: 2×7.9 mm (0.311 in) calibre LMG 08/15 (Spandau) synchronised machine guns
# Last Chance Lottery

Last Chance Lottery was a 1997 UK TV game show broadcast on Channel 4, presented by comedian Patrick Kielty. The show's current director is Stephen Stewart. It was produced by Green Inc. Productions.