OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grigory Kozitsky

Grigory Vasilyevich Kozitsky (1724, Kiev – January 6, 1776, Moscow) was a Russian writer and journalist of Ukrainian origin, Cabinet Secretary of Catherine II (1768–1774), who helped her in the publication of the magazine Vsyakaya vsyachina.

## Biography

Originally from Ukraine, from Little Russian landless nobles of Cossack–senior origin, he studied at the Kiev–Mogila Academy, then in Germany. In 1756, he arrived in the capital of the Russian Empire, the city of Saint Petersburg, where he worked under the guidance of Mikhail Lomonosov, taught at the Academic Gymnasium. After the death of Lomonosov, he analyzed his papers, translated some of them into Latin. Published in the magazines "Monthly Essays", "Hard–Working Bee", "All Sorts of Things".
In 1765, he was close to the court and became Catherine the Great's technical assistant, and then assumed the position of her secretary of state. Two years later, he accompanies the empress, along with Count Vladimir Orlov, on a journey along the Volga.
In 1773, along with Nikolai Motonis, he acted as the scientific editor of the book "Brief Geographical, Political and Historical News About Little Russia" by Vasily Ruban.
In September 1774, Kozitsky, referring to his failing health, asked to be dismissed from the service; on July 10, 1775, he received his resignation and moved to Moscow.
In extensive biographical literature, Kozitsky's death is described basically in the same way: "having fallen into melancholy, he was in a fit of this illness" on December 21, 1775, inflicted 32 wounds on himself with a knife, from which he died on December 26, 1775. References to the sources of such a description, if any, come down to Lieutenant Vasiliev's diary for 1774–1777, which, in turn, states that Kozitsky committed suicide on December 26. Regarding the method of suicide, the available sources of the era refer only to rumors.

## Family

In Simbirsk in 1767, he met the daughter of a wealthy merchant and industrialist Ivan Myasnikov, and in 1771, he married Ekaterina Myasnikova (1746–1833). The marriage was approved by the empress, who granted Kozitsky 10,000 rubles on the occasion of the wedding; for his wife, in addition to money, he received 2 factories and 19,000 souls of serfs as a dowry. Their daughters:
* Alexandra Grigorievna (1772–1850), mistress of a brilliant salon, wife of Count Ivan Laval, mother of Ekaterina Trubetskaya, heroine of the poem "Russian Women";
* Anna Grigorievna (1773–1846), second wife of Prince Alexander Beloselsky, stepmother of the famous Princess Zinaida Volkonskaya and mother of Prince Esper Beloselsky–Belozersky.
Following the example of other large landowners, Mistress Kozitskaya arranged the Lyalovo Estate near Moscow with the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, which served as a burial place for the family of her youngest daughter.
* Ekaterina Ivanovna
* Alexandra Grigorievna
* Anna Grigorievna

## Sources

* Nikolay Tupikov. Kozitsky, Grigory Vasilyevich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Ones) – Saint Petersburg, 1890–1907
# Groan (disambiguation)

A groan is a low, mournful sound uttered in pain or grief.
Groan may also refer to:
* Groan Tube, a prank toy
* Groans of the Britons
# Groam House Museum

Groam House Museum is a museum of Celtic and Pictish Art. Located in the village of Rosemarkie in the Black Isle, Scotland, its collection contains both the Rosemarkie Stone, one of the major surviving examples of Pictish art in stone, and the Rosemarkie sculpture fragments, that are 14 stone fragments, the most well known being Daniels Stone. The museum also hosts the George Bain Collection. Bain, who is considered the father of modern Celtic design, spent many years working out the intricate mathematical designs found in Celtic art.
In 2015 the museum organised a Celtic felt banner-making project to create banners for the Celtic Connections Festival 2016.
# Itapevi–Butantã Metropolitan Corridor

Itapevi–São Paulo (Butantã) Metropolitan Corridor, with 33 km (21 mi) of extension, starts in Itapevi Bus Terminal, connected with CPTM Line 8-Diamond, in Itapevi, and goes to ViaQuatro Butantã station of Line 4-Yellow, in São Paulo. The project reaches the cities of Itapevi, Jandira, Barueri, Carapicuíba, Osasco and São Paulo which total approximately 13 million inhabitants.
In its first phase, the corridor with approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) connects Itapevi and Jandira, along with stations Itapevi, Engenheiro Cardoso, Sagrado Coração and Jandira.

## History

The region interconnected through Estrada Velha de Itu, used by tropeiros for trips between São Paulo, Carapicuíba Village, Santana de Parnaíba, Sorocaba and Itu. Throughout the 20th century, roads were built, as the old road towards Itu was replaced by a highway (current SP-312) on 1 May 1922. This road became (beside Sorocabana railway and future Castelo Branco and Raposo Tavares highways) one of the transport corridors that boosted the region growth, being one of the points of population densification that went there.
In 1934, the first regular bus lines began operating between Carapicuíba, Largo da Batata and Lapa, which became the main regional centres of West Side São Paulo. In the next 30 years, the cities of São Paulo, Santana de Paraíba and Cotia break up, creating new cities: Itapevi (1949), Barueri (1949), Osasco (1962), Carapicuíba (1964) and Jandira (1964).
Until then, the public transportation was controlled by the state through permissions, creating dozens of companies and small vehicle owners. This situation is changed in the 1970s with the creation of EMTU, which starts regulating the intermunicipal lines. In the same decade, the first modernization project of this transport corridor was made. The Prefecture of São Paulo suggests the installing of a trolleybus corridor between Largo da Batata and Osasco. Besides the construction was never initiated, EMTU keeps planning the corridor (now called West Road Corridor) through the 1980s and 1990s.

## Gallery

* Butantã Terminal
* Avenida Corifeu de Azevedo Marques, São Paulo
* Barueri Intermunicipal Line in Avenida Corifeu
* Municipal Line of São Paulo in Avenida Corifeu
* Border between São Paulo and Osasco
* View of Avenida dos Autonomistas, Osasco, part of the corridor
* View of the corridor under Viaduto Tancredo Neves, Osasco
* Access to Luiz Bortolosso Metropolitan Terminal in Avenida dos Autonomistas, in the border between Osasco and Carapicuíba
* View of corridor in Jardim Belval, Barueri
* Aspect of the corridor in Barueri
* Viaduto Ameríndia, Itapevi, built as access to the corridor
* View of the new stretch of the corridor in Itapevi
# Nurmijärven Jalkapalloseura

Nurmijärven Jalkapalloseura (abbreviated NJS) is a football club from Nurmijärvi, Finland. The club was formed in 2004 following the amalgamation of Nurmijärven Nateva and FC Nurmijärvi. The club's home ground is at the sports area of Klaukkala (Klaukkalan urheilualue). The men's first team currently plays in the Kakkonen (Third tier).

## Background

NJS does not have a long history but the club gained promotion from the Nelonen to the Kolmonen at the end of the 2008 season. NJS's predecessor Nateva played one season in the Kakkonen (Second Division), the third tier of the Finnish football system, in 2001. Nateva gained promotion from Section 1 of the Nelonen (Uusimaa District) at the end of the 2004 season which enabled NJS to begin life in the Kolmonen in 2005. The new club's best season to date was in 2005 when they finished in 7th place in Section 2 (Helsinki & Uusimaa).

## Season to season

| Season | Level | Division | Section | Administration | Position | Movements |
| 2005 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | Section 2 | Helsinki & Uusimaa (SPL Uusimaa) | 7th | |
| 2006 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | Section 3 | Helsinki & Uusimaa (SPL Helsinki) | 10th | |
| 2007 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | Section 1 | Helsinki & Uusimaa (SPL Uusimaa) | 11th | Relegated |
| 2008 | Tier 5 | Nelonen (Fourth Division) | Section 1 | Uusimaa District (SPL Uusimaa) | 1st | Promoted |
| 2009 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | Section 2 | Helsinki & Uusimaa (SPL Helsinki) | 10th | |
| 2010 | Tier 4 | Kolmonen (Third Division) | Section 2 | Helsinki & Uusimaa (SPL Helsinki) | 5th | |

## Club Structure

Nurmijärven Jalkapalloseura runs a large number of teams including 2 men's teams, 2 men's veterans team, 2 ladies teams, 11 boys teams and 5 girls teams.

## 2010 season

NJS Men's Team are competing in Section 2 (Lohko 2) of the Kolmonen administered by the Helsinki SPL and Uusimaa SPL. This is the fourth highest tier in the Finnish football system. In 2009 NJS finished in tenth place in Section 2 of the Kolmonen.
NJS 2 are participating in Section 3 (Lohko 3) of the Vitonen administered by the Uusimaa SPL.

## References and sources

* Official website
* Finnish Wikipedia
* Suomen Cup

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Finland – Divisional Movements 1930–2009". RSSSF. 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-02-18. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
* This article about a Finnish football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Nurmela

Nurmela is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Holger Nurmela (1920–2005), Swedish ice hockey player
* Kari Nurmela (1930–1984), Finnish opera singer
* Mika Nurmela (born 1971). Finnish footballer
* Tapio Nurmela (born 1975), Finnish Nordic combined skier
* Tauno Kalervo Nurmela (1907–1985), Finnish academic
** 1696 Nurmela, asteroid, named after Tauno Kalervo Nurmela
* Sulo Nurmela (1908–1999), Finnish cross-country skier
# Nová Ves (Brno-Country District)

Nová Ves is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
Nová Ves lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of Brno and 174 km (108 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Nur Gal

Nurgal or Nur Gal is the center of Nurgal district, in the Kunar Province of Afghanistan. It is located at 34°36′39″N 70°45′25″E﻿ / ﻿34.6108°N 70.7569°E﻿ / 34.6108; 70.7569 at 635 m altitude in the valley of the Kunar River.
# Ivanhoe railway station, Melbourne

Ivanhoe railway station is a commuter railway station on the Hurstbridge line, which is part of the Melbourne railway network. It serves the north-eastern suburb of Ivanhoe, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Ivanhoe station is a ground level premium station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 8 May 1888.

## History

Ivanhoe station opened when the railway line between Collingwood and Heidelberg opened. Like the suburb itself, the station was named after the novel Ivanhoe, written in 1820 by author Sir Walter Scott.
In 1949, the line between Ivanhoe and Heidelberg was duplicated. In 1951, track duplication from Ivanhoe to Alphington was completed.
In 1960, boom barriers replaced interlocked gates at the Marshall Street level crossing, located nearby in the down direction from the station. The signal box controlling the level crossing gates was also abolished at that time. In 1979, the station received a minor upgrade.
On 21 June 1996, Ivanhoe was upgraded to a premium station.

## Facilities, platforms and services

Ivanhoe has two side platforms. There is a large red brick building on Platform 1, which includes an enclosed waiting area, ticket facilities and toilets, while Platform 2 has a smaller red brick building. There is a footbridge immediately west of the station buildings.
The station is served by Hurstbridge line trains.
Platform 1:
* Hurstbridge line all stations and limited express services to Flinders Street
Platform 2:
* Hurstbridge line all stations and limited express services to Macleod, Greensborough, Eltham and Hurstbridge

## Transport links

Kinetic Melbourne operates one bus route to and from Ivanhoe station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
* 510 : to Essendon station
Ventura Bus Lines operates two routes via Ivanhoe station, under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
* 548 : Kew – La Trobe University Bundoora campus
* 549 : to Northland Shopping Centre

## Gallery

* Westbound view from Platform 2, May 2014
* Eastbound view from Platform 2, August 2024
* Eastbound view of the station platforms, August 2024
* Station building on Platform 1, August 2024
* Station building on Platform 2, August 2024
* Station building and entrance to Platform 2, August 2024
* Station building and entrance to Platform 1, August 2024
* The north side of the pedestrian footbridge, August 2024
* The south side of the pedestrian footbridge, August 2024
* The southern car park and footpath to Marshall Street and Platform 1 building, August 2024
* The southern forecourt, PSO box and car park, August 2024
* The southern side station entrance signage, August 2024
# Itsuki Toyama

Itsuki Toyama (外山 斎, Toyama Itsuki, born 1976) is a Japanese politician, an independent and member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). He was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 2007 after running unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives in 2005.
# Tollebeek

Tollebeek is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and is approximately 90 kilometres north east of Amsterdam.
Tollebeek is one of ten villages in the Noordoostpolder (literally: North East Polder) which was reclaimed from the Zuiderzee (now: IJsselmeer) in the 1930s and 1940s as part of a huge project known as the 'Zuiderzeewerken' ('Zuiderzee works') to create new land to accommodate growing need for farmland and new urban areas in the already densely populated country.
After the Noordoostpolder was formed in the early 1940s, new villages were constructed, including Tollebeek (being constructed last). It is situated in the south-western part of the polder, in the middle of a large agricultural area, between Emmeloord and Urk which used to be an island in the old Zuiderzee.
Tollebeek was established in 1956 as the last of the Noordoostpolder villages.
As of the first of January 2020 Tollebeek has 2460 inhabitants. Tollebeek is growing a lot due to new residential areas in the past 20 years. The village has grown significantly since the start of this century.
Tollebeek has a thriving community culture, with several sports, arts and youth clubs. There are two churches (Roman Catholic and Protestant), two primary schools, a restaurant, two fast food bars and a small supermarket.

## Transportation

The nearest railway stations to Tollebeek are in Lelystad and Kampen, both approximately 30km from Tollebeek. There is a bus service that goes to Urk and Emmeloord. The village can be reached by car via the A6 motorway from Almere and Lelystad. It is about a one-hour drive from Amsterdam.

## Sports

Tollebeek has a football club named VV Tollebeek . Since 2000, the first team were twice a champion, in the season 2001/2002 and 2010/2011. Tollebeek also has a tennis club with a tennis field, an ice skating club and multiple other sports.

## Notable people

* Daniëlle Jansen (born 1970), Dutch politician

## Gallery

* Supermarket
* Flood in the polder (1998)
* Protestant church
* Street view
# Istituto Incremento Ippico per la Sicilia

The Istituto Incremento Ippico per la Sicilia (Equine Increment Institute for Sicily) is an institute dedicated to the support of equine (horses and donkey) activities and breeding, located on via Vittorio Emanuele #508 in the city of Catania, region of Sicily, Italy. The site also houses Musca or Museo delle Carrozze, that is Museum of the Carriage, which displays carriages and equine equipment from the previous century.

## History

The institute derives from the Regio Deposito Stalloni (Royal Repository of Stallions), established by the Italian Ministry of War in 1884 with the objective of preserving and proliferating the Puro Sangue Orientale horses of Italy. At the time, this middle-eastern-derived horse was prized as a work-horse for the military. In 1932, with the decreasing military utility of horses, the Deposito was placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In recent decades, the institute has dedicated efforts at preserving breeds of horse and donkey particular to Sicily, mainly the Orientale and Anglo-Orientale horse breeds, and the Ragusano and Pantesco donkeys. The two latter autochthonous donkey breeds are at risk of extinction, with their numbers drastically dwindling during the Second World war. The institute manages a more rural farm, Tenuta Ambelia. Many of the horses and donkeys bred are passed on to farmers and breeders.
Prior to 1884, the locale of the institute served as a "retreat house" or "spirituality center" for the Jesuit order, but now houses varied functions, including the museums, stables and a riding circle.
# Groupe Salins

The Groupe Salins, whose main component is the Compagnie des Salins du Midi et des Salines de l'Est, is one of the leading salt producers in Europe. It is exclusively dedicated to the production and marketing of salt.
The group is also the only European actor to master and implement all three techniques of salt production: solar, thermal, and mining. It can supply salt in all its forms, raw or processed, for various applications, including human consumption, agriculture, chemistry, snow removal, water treatment, and other industrial activities.
The Salins Group has facilities in Spain, France, Italy, as well as several African countries. It carries out its logistical and commercial activities throughout Europe, West Africa, and North Africa. Its production capacity amounts to 4 million tons of salt per year.
The history of the Salins Group began in 1856 in Aigues-Mortes. It currently employs 1500 people, and achieves a consolidated annual turnover of €300 million.

## History

The group was created in 1856 in Aigues-Mortes by a group of salt pan owners, which became the company Renouard et (Alfred Renouard), before becoming a joint-stock company, the Compagnie des Salins du Midi, in 1868. The headquarters were then located in Montpellier. Adolphe d'Eichthal became its president. In 1890, salt production exceeded 80,000 tons. The saltpans of Giraud were founded around the same period by the company Péchiney.
In 1960, the group acquired the Société salinière de l'Ouest, the main distributor of salts from the western region, thus controlling two-thirds of the market for Guérande salts. In 1968, it merged with the Société Salinière de l'Est et du Sud-Ouest and the saltworks in Dax (Landes), giving rise to the Compagnie de Salins du Midi et des Salines de l'Est (CSME), a national-scale group.
In 2004, French investment funds Abénex, Chequers Capital, and a fund managed by Crédit Agricole (Union d'Études et Investissements) entered the capital.
In 2012, French investment funds Abénex and Chequers Capital, mandated the investment bank Lazard to of the salt group. They halted the process a few months later due to a lack of comprehensive offers.
In 2014, Hubert François became the majority shareholder through his family holding company Finachef, with the remaining capital held by another individual shareholder. The amount of the transaction was not disclosed.

## Salins in Figures

Headquarters in Clichy 2019 Revenue: €149,000,000 2021 Revenue: €19,137,000 Group workforce: 250 to 499 employees. The Salins Group is reported to be the largest private landowner in France, with including 25,000 in operation.
# Gridley–Howe–Faden–Atkins Farmstead

The Gridley–Howe–Faden–Atkins Farmstead, also known as Brookside Farm, in Kimball County, Nebraska near Kimball, is a historic, well preserved farmstead. It has buildings and structures dating from 1899 when Henry H. Howe built a 38-by-38-foot (12 m × 12 m) one-story limestone house until 1947 when the last structure on the property was built. The property claim had been proven by James Gridley in 1891, at which time the property was irrigated, but Gridley moved on to Utah, and Howe obtained the farm.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The listing included seven contributing buildings and four contributing structures on 8 acres (3.2 ha). It was deemed significant as "a rare, well preserved collection of buildings and structures which reflect changes in agriculture from timber claim to 20th century technology and small scale farm diversification."
# Tom Southern

Tom Southern, also known as Tommy or Thomas Southern, was an actor in American film and stage productions as well as a songwriter. He was a theater actor with the Lafayette Players.
In 1933, he wrote several songs together with Lionel Hampton. For a few years before 1937, Southern was absent from acting in films and theater; the Pittsburgh Courier stated he "gave up acting as a career" around 1936 and became a journalist. In 1938, he was the managing editor for the launch of the magazine Silhouette Pictorial.
Southern acted in a supporting role in the Western film, Two-Gun Man from Harlem. He acted in the "all-colored cast" film Mystery in Swing. In a review, the Pittsburgh Courier said he gave the best individual performance by a male. War Perkins of the Chicago Defender newspaper listed Southern and three others as giving the best performances in the film.
Around 1940, Southern partnered with drummer Lionel Hampton on a musical film project, titled From Spirituals to Swing, which was "accepted by the Paramount production department". The film featured Black spirituals and swing music. It was said to have an "all-colored cast". In 1940, Hampton announced that the film would release soon. The movie then "fell through" that year.
According to a copyright, Southern, Hampton, and Otis René wrote a song together for the feature, titled "I'd Be Lost Without You". A record of the song was made at Victor Records in 1940, with Hampton credited for the music and Southern for the lyrics. Lionel Hampton and the King Cole Trio played on the record, with Helen Forrest singing. After the recording, Otis René claimed he was not given a contract for the record and was left uncredited. He stated he intended to sue.
Tom was married to Viola Southern.

## Filmography

* Bargain with Bullets (1937)
* Spirit of Youth (1938) as Dr. Bowdin
* Two-Gun Man from Harlem (1938) as John Steel
* Double Deal (1939)
* Harlem Rides the Range (1939) as Jim Connors
* Mystery in Swing (1940) as Sgt. Phipps
* Look-Out Sister (1947)
# Ithavaram

Ithavaram is a village in Nandigama mandal in NTR district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
# Ithar

Ithar may refer to
* Īthār, altruism in Islam
* ITHAR, Itahar Junction railway station
# Toini

Toini is a Finnish given name, derived from Antonia. It is also considered to be the feminine form of Finnish masculine given name Anttoni in use in Finland, eastern Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. Toini may refer to:
* Toini Gustafsson (born 1938), former Swedish cross country skier
* Toini Mäkelä (1895–1973), Finnish socialist revolutionary and military officer
* Toini Pöysti (born 1933), former cross-country skier from Finland
* Toini Topelius (1854–1910), Finnish journalist
* Toini Voipio (1878–1937), Finnish educator and politician
# Ivyspring International Publisher

Ivyspring International Publisher is a publisher of scientific literature including open-access scientific journals, such as the International Journal of Medical Sciences and International Journal of Biological Sciences.