OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grammarian

Grammarian may refer to:
* Alexandrine grammarians, philologists and textual scholars in Hellenistic Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE
* Biblical grammarians, scholars who study the Bible and the Hebrew language
* Grammarian (Greco-Roman), a teacher in the second stage in the traditional education system
* Linguist, a scientist who studies language
** Grammarian, a linguistic specialist in grammar, the structural rules that govern natural languages
* Philologist, a scholar of literary criticism, history, and language
* Sanskrit grammarian, scholars who studied the grammar of Sanskrit
* Speculative grammarians or Modistae, a 13th and 14th century school of philosophy
* Grammarians of Basra, scholars of Arabic
* Grammarians of Kufa, scholars of Arabic
# Internet History Sourcebooks Project

The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the Fordham University History Department and Center for Medieval Studies. It is a web site with modern, medieval and ancient primary source documents, maps, secondary sources, bibliographies, images and music. Paul Halsall is the editor, with Jerome S. Arkenberg as the contributing editor. It was first created in 1996, and is used extensively by teachers as an alternative to textbooks.

## Internet Medieval Sourcebook

The Internet Medieval Sourcebook or IMS is a web site with Medieval source documents, maps, secondary sources, bibliographies, images and music. It is located at the Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies.
A large number of the documents on IMS are older copyright-expired translations from the 19th and early 20th century. However, IMS also has a section of "recently translated texts" which have been translated just for IMS. In fact, IMS claims it "contains more newly-translated texts than any available published collection of medieval sources."

## Internet Modern Sourcebook

The Internet Modern History Sourcebook is intended to serve the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern European history and American history, as well as in modern Western Civilization and World Cultures.

## Other Sourcebooks

In addition to the large collections in the Medieval, Ancient, and Modern Sourcebooks, the Internet History Sourcebooks Project also includes Sourcebooks on African, East Asian, Global, Indian, Islamic, Jewish, Lesbian and Gay, Science, and Women's History.
# Noordburen

Noordburen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon. Noordburen lies about 14 km southeast of Den Helder, and one km north of Hippolytushoef.
Noordburen is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Hippolytushoef. Noordburen has place name signs, and consists of a handful of houses.
# Noorddijk, North Holland

Noorddijk is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Wester-Koggenland, and lies about 7 km southeast of Heerhugowaard.
The statistical area "Noorddijk", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 420.
# Noord-Nederlandse Golf & Country Club

The Noord-Nederlandse Golf & Country Club (abbreviated NNG&CC, Dutch for Golf & Country Club of the Northern Netherlands) is located on the historical De Poll estate in Groningen, Netherlands. The site is known for its beauty and is covered by the Dutch national 'Natural Beauty Act' (Natuurschoonwet).

## History
### 1950s–1960s

The Noord-Nederlandse Golf & Country Club was founded in 1950. It was the first Dutch golf club to be established after World War II. From, members and guest played in a field next to Eelde Airport, zoned and soon needed for the airport's development. Founding chairman was Syb Nijhoff. Kees Poll led the physical construction of the temporary golf course in Eelde.
In 1952 Willem Rost Onnes sold his country estate De Poll near Glimmen to the golf club. These 60 hectares are bordered on the east by two nature reserves: 'Westerlanden' and 'Besloten Venen', and on the west by the Drentsche Aa and the Meppel–Groningen railway.
The course, initially 9 holes, on the De Poll estate was designed by Sir Guy Colin Campbell and opened in 1954. This took up 42 ha. The golf course was opened in 1954 by the Queen's Commissioner Edzo Hommo Ebels. The house of Rost Onnes was transformed into the new clubhouse of the golf club. In 1957, Nijhoff was replaced as chairman.
Since 1960, NNG&CC organizes the annual Tromp Cup. The Tromp Cup later also became the Dutch Junior Championship Stroke Play.

#### 1970s–1980s

During the 1977 Dutch train hijacking at De Punt, a command post was set up in the clubhouse, where 40 soldiers and marines camped.
In 1984 the estate was expanded by 13 hectares, on which the golf course was expanded to 18 holes, designed by architect Frank Pennink. During construction, a piece of forest with remainders of a pingo was purchased in 1986. During the expansion of the new holes, 3 hectares of coniferous forest were converted into deciduous forest and another 5 hectares of deciduous forest were planted. The new golf course was opened in 1987 by the Queen's Commissioner Henk Vonhoff. The opening was supposed to be by the Queen's husband, Prince Bernhard, who canceled last moment.

#### 1990s–present

In 1991 the clubhouse was expanded. In 1992 another 3.3 ha was purchased from a neighbor, after which the golf course was optimized until 1998 according to a design by architect Donald Steel. The holes are located in woods and on some meadows and part of the course is located in a park landscape with many rhododendrons.
Due to the popularity of the course, in 2006 there was a minimum handicap requirement of 30 in the weekends.
In the 2009 Tromp Cup, Reinier Saxton's track record of 67 was lowered to 66 by the winner, Willem Vork.
# Thyrosticta angustipennis

Thyrosticta angustipennis is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Ferdinand Le Cerf in 1921. It is found on Madagascar.
# Grant Township, Vermilion County, Illinois

Grant Township is a township in Vermilion County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 6,028 and it contained 2,817 housing units.

## History

Grant Township was originally called Lyon Township but it was changed in 1862 to honor Ulysses S. Grant. He had just won a surrender by Confederate forces at Fort Donelson in Tennessee.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 86.69 square miles (224.5 km$^2$), of which 86.66 square miles (224.4 km$^2$) (or 99.97%) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.078 km$^2$) (or 0.03%) is water.

### Cities and towns

* Hoopeston
* Rossville (north quarter)

### Unincorporated towns

* Cheneyville

### Extinct towns

* Coalton
* Heaton

### Adjacent townships

* Hickory Grove Township, Benton County, Indiana (northeast)
* Prairie Green Township, Iroquois County (northeast)
* Prairie Township, Warren County, Indiana (east)
* Jordan Township, Warren County, Indiana (southeast)
* Ross Township (south)
* Butler Township (west)
* Fountain Creek Township, Iroquois County (northwest)
* Lovejoy Township, Iroquois County (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains one cemetery, Redtop.

### Major highways

* Illinois State Route 1
* Illinois State Route 9

### Airports and landing strips

* Beckley Airfield
* Hoopeston Community Memorial Hospital Heliport
# Norman's Crossing, Texas

Norman's Crossing (sometimes shortened to just "Norman") is an unincorporated farming community in Williamson County, Texas, United States, founded by Daniel Kimbro (1808-1852) in 1846. The community is located on Brushy Creek between Hutto and Rice's Crossing, near the intersection of FM 1660 and FM 3349, approximately 25 miles northeast of Austin.

## History

Originally named Avery, it was later known as Norman's Crossing, after M. B. Norman (1856-1921), an Alabama native, who owned a farm and co-operated a cotton gin there. In the early 1900s, the town had a church, school, store, a garage shop, and a machine shop. Descendants of Kimbro and Norman still live in the area today.
# Granulina guancha

Granulina guancha is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Granulinidae.
# Tilman Schirmer

Tilman Schirmer is a structural biologist and Professor at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel.

## Life

Tilman Schirmer studied physics at the Universities of Konstanz and Vienna, and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. In 1985 he earned his doctorate at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Martinsried. He subsequently conducted research at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. In 1989, Tilman Schirmer joined the Biozentrum, University of Basel, initially as a group leader and was appointed as Associate Professor of Structural Biology in 1997. He reached emeritus status in 2020.

## Work

Tilman Schirmer investigates the mechanism of action of bacterial proteins based on their spatial structures, which are determined using X-ray crystallography. This has provided insights into light harvesting in photosynthetic antenna complexes, the allosteric regulation of phosphofructokinase and the translocation of small molecules through the porins of the outer membrane. As of 2013, Tilman Schirmer’s research group at the Biozentrum in Basel is studying the mechanisms of signal transduction of the messenger substrate cyclic di-GMP and the structure-function relationships of bacterial effector proteins with AMP-transferase activity. The goal is the elucidation of fundamental biological interrelationships on the molecular level.

## Awards and honors

* 1986 Otto Hahn Medal of the Max Planck Society
* 1988 Long-Term Fellowship of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
# Thysanichthys

Thysanichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, it is a monotypic genus with its only species being Thysanichthys crossotus. This species is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Thysanichthys was described as a genus in 1904 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks when they described Thysanichthys crossotus, giving its type locality as off Ose Point in Suruga Bay in Japan. In 1914, Jordan and William Francis Thompson described a second species, Thysanichthys evides, but in 2010 this was shown to be a senior synonym of Scorpaenodes littoralis Tanaka, 1917 and was correctly classified within the genus Scorpaenodes, confirming Thysanichthys as a monotypic genus. The name of the genus Thysanichthys is a compound of thysanos which means fringe, a reference to the dermal cirri on the head and along the lateral line with ichthys, meaning fish. The specific name crossotus means "fringed".

## Description

Thysanichthys cossotus is distinguished from other related scorpionfishes by having 13 spines in its dorsal fin, teeth on the palatine, filaments growing from the skin on the head and lateral line, there is no enlarged spine or ridge on the operculum and by having stronger spines on the head and suborbital bone. This species attains a maximum published total length of 8.4 cm (3.3 in)>

## Distribution and habitat

Thysanichthys crossotus is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean around Japan, Taiwan and the East China Sea. It is a demersal fish which is found at depths between 120 and 130 m (390 and 430 ft).
# Ion Ursu

Ion Ursu (born 19 August 1994) is a Moldovan striker who currently is playing for Petrocub Hîncești and Moldova U21.
# Ion Ustian

Ion Ustian (born 12 September 1939) is a Moldovan politician.

## Biography

Ion Ustian was born on 12 September 1939 in Olișcani, Șoldănești District.
Ion Ustian was the prime minister of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (30 December 1980 – 24 December 1985).
Later that year, he was wounded in a car accident, but made a quick recovery.

## Works

* Laureații Premiului Nobel în economie (Editura Știința, Chișinău, 1999)
* Omul produce scopuri... : Eminescu și economia teoretică (Ed. Cartea Moldovei, Chișinău, 2000)
* Пушкин и политэкономия (Кишинев, 2002)
# Tibor Bédi

Tibor Bédi (born 22 March 1974, in Budapest) is a retired Hungarian hurdler. He represented his country at the 2000 Summer Olympics, as well as the 1999 World Championships.
His personal best in the 400 metres hurdles is 49.00 seconds set in Seville in 1999.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Hungary ||||||
| 1992 | World Junior Championships | Seoul, South Korea | 7th | 110 m hurdles | 14.43 |
| 1993 | European Junior Championships | San Sebastián, Spain | 3rd | 110 m hurdles | 14.06 |
| 1993 | European Junior Championships | San Sebastián, Spain | 5th (h) | 4 × 100 m relay | 40.70 |
| 1994 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 16th (sf) | 60 m hurdles | 7.79 |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 25th (h) | 110 m hurdles | 13.94 |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 14th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 57.77 |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | – | 4 × 400 m relay | DNF |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 10th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 49.00 |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | – | 4 × 400 m relay | DNF |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent, Belgium | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:09.35 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 50th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 51.54 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 26th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:08.77 |
# Norreys Bertie

Norreys Bertie (?1718 – 25 October 1766) was an English Tory politician. From a junior branch of the Bertie family which had inherited estates at Weston-on-the-Green in Oxfordshire, he represented that county in Parliament from 1743 until standing down before the bitterly contested 1754 election. He was unfriendly to the Hanoverian succession and sat in opposition to the government.
Norreys was the son of James Bertie (d. 1728), of Springfield, Essex, and Elizabeth Harris, and grandson of Hon. Henry Bertie and Philadelphia Norreys. His father succeeded to the Norreys estates upon the death of James Norreys in 1718, and Norreys succeeded him in 1728. The estates included the manors of Weston-on-the Green in Oxfordshire, Yattendon, Hampstead Norreys, and Bothampstead in Berkshire. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford on 5 December 1734, at the age of 16. He received his MA on 27 May 1738. On 12 September 1741, he bought the manor of Notley and Notley Abbey from his uncle, Rev. Charles.
At the 1741 election, his second cousin once removed, the Earl of Abingdon, supported him as a Tory candidate for Westbury. Bertie and the opposition Whig John Bance were both defeated by the Government candidates, Joseph Townshend and Hon. George Evans. He stood again in 1743, at a by-election in Oxfordshire following the succession of the 3rd Earl of Lichfield to the peerage. Oxfordshire was a Tory stronghold in which the Bertie and Norreys families had traditionally been prominent, and Bertie was returned unopposed. He sat in opposition to the Carteret and Pelham ministries, and in the debate in January 1744, spoke for the recall and disbanding of the British troops in Flanders. He also opposed the employment of Hanoverian troops, and refused to join the Oxfordshire association in defense of the Hanoverian succession during the Jacobite rising of 1745. At the 1747 election, he was returned unopposed in Oxfordshire, and for unknown reasons received a single vote at Westbury (where the Abingdon interest backed Bance and the Tory Paul Methuen). He opposed the regency bill in 1751, and seconded a motion for the reduction of the army in that year.
At the 1754 election, Bertie stood down but continued to support the Tory candidates for Oxfordshire, which experienced a particularly tempestuous poll. Bertie spent the end of his life on the continent, evidently in increasing financial straits; he was forced to mortgage Notley Abbey to discharge the mortgage on Hampstead Norreys farm. He was not able to redeem Notley and sold it to the banker Francis Child on 12 September 1758. Bertie died bankrupt at Ghent in 1766. Unmarried, he left his estate to his second cousin once removed, Captain Peregrine Bertie. Hampstead Norreys was charged with an annuity to Peregrine's sister Elizabeth, wife of John Gallini.
# Tibor Déri

Tibor Déri (born 1985) is a Hungarian politician, who has been the Mayor of Újpest (4th district of Budapest) since 2019.

## Life and career

Tibor Déri was born in Eger, Heves County. He is married and has three children. He earned a degree of geography and environment high school teacher at the University of Debrecen. He is also qualified as a renewable energy specialist. The topic of his thesis is the possible application of high-power wind turbines in Hungary. He worked for E.ON Hungária Ltd. as an environmental expert between 2009 and 2013. Thereafter, he was an EHS consultant at Denkstatt Hungary Ltd. until July 2019.

## Political career

He entered into politics when joined Momentum Movement as a "disappointed Fidesz voter", according to himself. He unsuccessfully ran as his party's candidate of MP for Hatvan (Heves County Constituency III) during the 2018 parliamentary election. He was one of the organizers of the anti-government protests in Újpest in December 2018.
As a local patriot, Tibor Déri initiated the opposition parties should nominee a joint candidate against mayor Zsolt Wintermantel (Fidesz) for the 2019 local elections. Déri, who became chair of the local Újpest branch of the Momentum Movement by then, supported the nomination of Botond Szalma, a former member of the Fidesz-ally Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP), along with the other opposition parties. However, Szalma stepped down as joint mayoral candidate in March 2019, citing personal reasons. Thereafter, the opposition coalition nominated Tibor Déri instead of him. In the election, Déri defeated incumbent mayor Wintermantel, receiving 50.5 percent of the vote.
On 19 October 2022 he announced his intention to switch to the Democratic Coalition's fraction in the Budapest General Assembly, thus leaving the Momentum Movement.
# Graminella nigrifrons

Graminella nigrifrons, the black-faced leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae.
# Graminea tomentosa

Graminea tomentosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1864. It is known from Brazil.
# Graminicola

Graminicola is a genus of passerine birds in the family Pellorneidae.

## Species

The genus contains the following species:
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| | Indian grassbird | Graminicola bengalensis | Bangladesh, northern India, Bhutan and the Nepal |
| | Chinese grassbird | Graminicola striatus | southeastern China, Bangladesh, southeastern Myanmar, south-central Thailand, Cambodia, northeastern Vietnam, and Hainan Island |
# Tide 150

The Tide 150 is an ARCA Menards Series race held at Kansas Speedway. It is one of two races the series has at the track, the other being the Kansas Lottery 150 in September. The race was added to the schedule in 2020 after the cancellation of the race at Chicagoland Speedway due to COVID-19 regulations in Illinois. It then became a permanent race on the ARCA Menards Series schedule in 2021.
So far in each year in that the race has been run, the race has been won by the driver who went on to win the series championship: Bret Holmes won it in 2020, which was his first ARCA win. Ty Gibbs won the 2021 race and also led every single lap in it, becoming the first driver since Kevin Swindell in 2012 at Chicagoland Speedway to lead every single lap of a main ARCA Series race. It was one of 10 races Gibbs won en route to winning the championship that year. Nick Sanchez won the 2022 race. It was his second win at Kansas as he won the 2021 fall race at the track. Jesse Love, the winner of the 2023 race, like Gibbs also went on to win 10 races and the series championship.
Tide became the title sponsor of the race in 2024.

## Past winners

| Year | Date | No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Race distance | Race distance | Race time | Average speed (mph) |
| Year | Date | No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Laps | Miles (km) | Race time | Average speed (mph) |
| 2020 | July 24 | 23 | Bret Holmes | Bret Holmes Racing | Chevrolet | 100 | 150 (241.402) | 1:04.58 | 138.533 |
| 2021 | May 1 | 18 | Ty Gibbs | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 100 | 150 (241.402) | 1:12:43 | 123.768 |
| 2022 | May 14 | 2 | Nick Sanchez | Rev Racing | Chevrolet (2) | 100 | 150 (241.402) | 1:19:00 | 113.924 |
| 2023 | May 6 | 20 | Jesse Love | Venturini Motorsports | Toyota (2) | 100 | 150 (241.402) | 1:32:22 | 97.438 |
| 2024 | May 4 | 28 | Connor Mosack | Pinnacle Racing Group | Chevrolet | 100 | 150 (241.402) | 1:15:21 | 119.443 |
# Graphical Kernel System

The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) was the first ISO standard for low-level computer graphics, introduced in 1977. A draft international standard was circulated for review in September 1983. Final ratification of the standard was achieved in 1985.

## Overview

GKS provides a set of drawing features for two-dimensional vector graphics suitable for charting and similar duties. The calls are designed to be portable across different programming languages, graphics devices and hardware, so that applications written to use GKS will be readily portable to many platforms and devices.
GKS was fairly common on computer workstations in the 1980s and early 1990s. GKS formed the basis of Digital Research's GSX which evolved into VDI, one of the core components of GEM. GEM was the native GUI on the Atari ST and was occasionally seen on PCs, particularly in conjunction with Ventura Publisher. GKS was little used commercially outside these markets, but remains in use in some scientific visualization packages. It is also the underlying API defining the Computer Graphics Metafile. A descendant of GKS was PHIGS. One popular application based on an implementation of GKS is the GR Framework, a C library for high-performance scientific visualization that has become a common plotting backend among Julia users.
A main developer and promoter of the GKS was José Luis Encarnação, formerly director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics (IGD) in Darmstadt, Germany.
GKS has been standardized in the following documents:
* ANSI standard ANSI X3.124 of 1985.
* ISO 7942:1985 standard, revised as ISO 7942:1985/Amd 1:1991 and ISO/IEC 7942-1:1994, as well as ISO/IEC 7942-2:1997, ISO/IEC 7942-3:1999 and ISO/IEC 7942-4:1998
* The language bindings are ISO standard ISO 8651.
* GKS-3D (Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions) functional definition is ISO standard ISO 8805, and the corresponding C bindings are ISO/IEC 8806.
The functionality of GKS is wrapped up as a data model standard in the STEP standard, section ISO 10303-46.
# Grattan, Minnesota

Grattan is an unincorporated community in Grattan Township, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States.
The community is located northwest of Wirt; near the junction of Itasca County Roads 26 and 31. The boundary line between Itasca and Koochiching counties is nearby.
Nearby places include Northome, Dora Lake, and Wirt. Grattan is located 12 miles east-southeast of Northome; and 11 miles northwest of Wirt. Grattan is 49 miles northwest of Deer River.
Grattan is located within ZIP code 56661 based in Northome. A post office previously operated in the community of Grattan, first as Pinetop (1901–1920), and then as Grattan (1920–1935), until its closing in 1935.
Moose Brook and Windigo Creek are both nearby. Grattan is located within the Big Fork State Forest and the Chippewa National Forest.