OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army (Australia)

Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army (RSM-A) is the most senior Warrant Officer in the Australian Army. It is a singular appointment – it is only held by one person at any time. RSM-A holds the unique rank of Warrant Officer (WO) which is senior to Warrant Officer Class One. The special insignia for the RSM-A is the Australian coat of arms with a wreath around it. The twelfth and current Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army is Kim Felmingham.
Based on the United States Army practice of appointing a Sergeant Major of the Army, the RSM-A is responsible to the Chief of Army (CA).
The appointment is the equivalent of the Warrant Officer of the Navy (WO-N) in the Royal Australian Navy, and the Warrant Officer of the Air Force (WOFF-AF) in the Royal Australian Air Force.
The post was created by the then Chief of Army, Lieutenant General Sir Phillip Bennett.

## Appointees

| # | Name | Term began | Term ended |
| 1 | Wally Thompson OAM | January 1983 | January 1987 |
| 2 | Kevin (Lofty) Wendt OAM, BEM | January 1987 | December 1990 |
| 3 | Peter Prewett CSC, OAM | January 1991 | December 1993 |
| 4 | Arthur Francis CSC, OAM | December 1993 | December 1996 |
| 5 | Peter Rosemond CSC, OAM | December 1996 | March 2001 |
| 6 | Brian Boughton CSC, OAM | March 2001 | 19 December 2003 |
| 7 | Kevin Woods CSC, OAM | 19 December 2003 | 29 February 2008 |
| 8 | Stephen Ward OAM | 29 February 2008 | 4 October 2011 |
| 9 | Dave Ashley AM | 4 October 2011 | 9 July 2015 |
| 10 | Donald Spinks AM | 9 July 2015 | 2 July 2018 |
| 11 | Grant McFarlane AM | 2 July 2018 | 1 July 2022 |
| 12 | Kim Felmingham NSC OAM | 1 July 2022 | Incumbent |
# Thoralf M. Sundt, III

Thoralf “Thor” Mauritz Sundt, III is an American cardiac surgeon who was the 97th president of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), succeeding Joseph S. Coselli and preceding Duke Cameron.
Sundt is the chief of cardiac surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and director of their Corrigan Minehan Heart Center. He is also the Edward D. Churchill Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School.

## Biography

Sundt was born on October 14, 1957, in Memphis, Tennessee. When he was 12, he and his family moved to Rochester, Minnesota, when his father became chief of neurosurgery at the Mayo Clinic. He went to Princeton University for his undergraduate degree in biochemistry.
He received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
# La Chorrera, Colombia

La Chorrera is a town and municipality in the southern Colombian Department of Amazonas. The population is largely engaged in agricultural production, hunting, fishing, and banana and cassava growing. The municipality was once a notable site for rubber production: exploited by the Peruvian Julio César Arana, who owned the Peruvian Amazon Company at the turn of the 20th century, north of the Putumayo River. The territory has an area of 12,670 km².

## History

La Chorrera is located below a steep cataract of the Igaraparaná river. The settlement itself was built on a high bank of the river, and started off as a rubber planation. It was originally founded by Colombians Crisóstomo Hernandez & Benjamin Larrañaga around 1898 with the name ‘Colonia India’. Originally the two were cinchona (quina) collectors, but switched their attention to rubber in the Putumayo after the collapse of the Cinchona boom. Julio Arana entered the region in 1896, soon forming a partnership with Benjamin and Rafael Larrañaga, forming Larrañaga, Arana y compañia. For his future endeavors, Arana followed the example of the Colombians who had worked the local natives into a debt bondage system that would become synonymous with slavery. One of the first well known crimes of the Putumayo genocide happened here in September 1903. During the birthday of his sister in law, Rafael Larrañaga assisted by employees of the company, flogged, shot and killed 25 natives: burning some of the survivors alive. These victims were guilty of not gathering enough rubber to meet a quota. After Benjamin Larrañaga's death on December 21, 1903, Arana bought out Larrañaga's sons share from the company: "taking advantage of their ignorance and stupidity to rob them scandalously." By this time, Julio C. Arana was in control over the Igaraparaná river: and after taking over El Encanto from the Calderón Hermanos, Arana was the sole master of the Putumayo. All rubber collected by Aranas firm along the Igaraparaná was sent to La Chorrera, where it was then sent to Iquitos. In 1906, the manager Victor Macedo issued an order "to kill all mutilated Indians at once for the following reasons: first, because they consumed food although they could not work; and second, because it looked bad to have these mutilated wretches running about." Separation of families, slavery, constant flogging, target practice on humans, murders, various methods of torture, and the violation of little girls were common under the rubber company.
# Latiromitra styliola

Latiromitra styliola is a species of sea snail. It is a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ptychatractidae.
# Latiromitra meekiana

Latiromitra meekiana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ptychatractidae.
# Lauttis

Lauttis is a shopping centre in Lauttasaari, Helsinki, Finland. It was opened on 1 December 2016.
Lauttis is a so-called hybrid building, where the same building houses a parking lot, a shopping centre and apartments. Lauttis has about 6000 m$^2$ of business space and about 10000 m$^2$ of apartments.

## Businesses and services

The shopping centre has a total of 25 businesses and has a direct connection to the Lauttasaari metro station.
Lauttis includes the food stores K-Supermarket and S-Market, as well as Alko, a pharmacy, the rewarded restaurant Pizzeria Luca, Hanko Sushi, Salaattibaari, Wayne's cafe, Espresso House, a Jungle Juice bar and the Fazer bakery Gateau. The shopping centre also includes the nature product shop Life, the INFO book store, a post office, a Nordea bank office, Erkkeri real estate management, a Kukkakaari flower shop, R-kioski, Filmtown, and the optician shops Instrumentarium and Silmäasema. The list of businesses can be seen on the shopping centre's web page.
The post services of Lauttasaari were moved to the INFO book store in the shopping centre, which replaced Posti's own shop located on Gyldénintie.
140 apartments were built on top of the shopping centre, which were completed in late 2016 and early 2017. A 230-space underground parking lot was also built in connection to the shopping centre. The designer and developer of the parking lot was YIT. The Lauttis area was developed in accordance to YIT's "Kaupunki kylässä" concept.
Lauttis was built in place of the old Lauttasaari shopping centre, which was demolished in 2014. K-Supermarket, S-Market, Alko, Instrumentarium and R-kioski were also present in the old shopping centre.

## Environmental certificate

The Lauttis shopping centre has been awarded a gold-level LEED gold environmental certificate because of its solution of building heating and modern solutions for control of heating, cooling and lighting.

## Naming competition

The name "Lauttis" has a long history dating back to the 1920s. The name "Lauttis" was chosen as the winner of a naming competition held by YIT. Most of the entries were variations of the name Lauttasaari. There were almost 800 entries.
There were four finalists, of which Lauttis received the most votes. 35% of voters supported Lauttis. The naming competition started in the farewell event for the old shopping centre in 2013. At the Lauttasaari days in the next autumn the finalists were revealed, allowing the people to vote for their own favourite.
The name Lauttis is short and compact, and clearly tells people where they are. The old familiar nickname "Laru" for Lauttasaari still remains in use as a nickname for the island as a whole.
# Siege of Mogilev (1655)

The siege of Mogilev of February–May 1655 was an unsuccessful siege of Mogilev (then in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, now in Belarus) under the control of the Russian side by Lithuanian forces during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667).

## Background

As a result of economic and demographic development of Mogilev (Mohylew in Polish sources) during 16th-17th centuries it had become an important trade city of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). By mid-17th century the population of Mogilev was estimated as 30,000. In addition Mogilev with its area was a center of Eastern Orthodoxy in GDL.
In June 1654 the Russian army entered GDL against weak Lithuanian forces and Russian tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. presented himself as a defender of Orthodox faith, which was met with sympathy of a significant part of the population of Mogilev, especially of commoners (czerń). At the tsar's court there was a certain Konstanty Wacław Pokłoński [ru], a Polish noble from Mogilev of Orthodox faith, who took Russian side at the beginning of the war and was instrumental in bloodless surrender of Mogilev to Russia. Tsar gave Pokłoński a small regiment and later Pokłoński recruited volunteers from local places around Mogilev (henceforth known as Pokłoński's "cossacks"). Mogilev surrendered in late August, and in October a new voivode of Mogilev, Ivan Alferyev [ru], was appointed by tsar. Alferyev died in December, soon after he started preparations of Mogilev for defense.

## Siege

Around Christmas time of 1654 a counter-offensive of the Lithuanian army headed by Janusz Radziwiłł and Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski, started. On February 2, 1655, part of their forces approached Mogilev and part of its dwellers greeted them, however the Lithuanian forces were fended off. Pokłoński allegedly promised Radziwiłł to switch sides, and indeed, on February 15 Pokłoński with 400 men of szlachta and his "cossacks" did this, and with his help the Lithuanian forces managed to take over the suburbs, the area inside the so-called Circular Rampart (Круговой вал, Circular Wall), the "New Town" ( Новый город) fortification, however the city proper stood, despite the fact that a considerable number of dwellers were unhappy with Russian rule, sympathized Radziwiłł, and moved away with Lithuanian forces when they were fended off the inner Lesser Rampart. After that the siege started, described as "hapless". Several attacks (February 22, March 18, April 19, April 23, and May 11) were fended off, and in early May 1655 Radziwiłł lifted the siege and departed after ransacking the suburbs.

## Aftermath

Tsar visited the city, awarded it for its loyalty, and the merchants of the city were granted the right to purchase the loot from Russian soldiers.
As of 2003 little primary sources exist about the period 1655–1660, i.e., until the next siege of Mogulev [ru] in this war.
# Laura Christensen

Laura Elisabeth Christensen (born 26 January 1984) is a Danish actress.

## Biography

Laura Christensen made her debut as a child actor in the film Min fynske barndom and had her first major role in Tøsepiger.
She is perhaps best known for her roles in the TV series Riget (playing the brain damaged girl Mona), Strisser på Samsø and TAXA.
In 2005 she was nominated for a Robert for best supporting actress for her portrayal of a teenage mother in Paprika Steen's Aftermath.
Christensen is married to actor Thomas Levin.

## Filmography (selected)

* 2013 - All for Two
* 2011 - A Funny Man
* 2009 - Oldboys
* 2008 - The Candidate
* 2007 - The Killing, series
* 2006 - Life Hits
* 2004 - Kongekabale
* 2003 - Midsommer
* 1997 - Riget 2, miniseries
* 1996 - Tøsepiger
* 1994 - Riget, miniseries
* 1994 - Min fynske barndom
# SigFig

SigFig may refer to:
* SigFig (company), a portfolio tracking and investment adviser referral service, previously known as Wikinvest
* Significant figures, the digits of a number that carry meaning contributing to its measurement resolution
# SigSpoof

SigSpoof (CVE-2018-12020) is a family of security vulnerabilities that affected the software package GNU Privacy Guard ("GnuPG") since version 0.2.2, that was released in 1998. Several other software packages that make use of GnuPG were also affected, such as Pass and Enigmail.
In un-patched versions of affected software, SigSpoof attacks allow cryptographic signatures to be convincingly spoofed, under certain circumstances. This potentially enables a wide range of subsidiary attacks to succeed.
# Lawrence Fertig

Lawrence W. Fertig (1898–1986) was an American advertising executive and a libertarian journalist and economic commentator.
Fertig wrote a weekly column for the New York World-Telegram and the New York Sun. Fertig also wrote the 1961 Regnery Publishing offering, Prosperity Through Freedom.
He was the founder of Lawrence Fertig & Company, a New York City advertising and marketing firm. The Hoover Institution maintains an archive of Fertig's papers in Stanford, California.
His brother was New York City lawyer and New York State Assemblyman M. Maldwin Fertig.

## Education

After receiving an undergraduate degree from New York University, Fertig attended Columbia University, where he completed a master's degree in economics.

## Economic commentary

After attending the 1944 Bretton Woods conference on behalf of the Scripps-Howard newspapers, Fertig wrote a weekly syndicated column on financial and political matters and continued to do so until the closure of their New York daily, the World Journal Tribune, in 1967.
Fertig was also a member of the American Jewish League Against Communism.

## Sponsorship of Ludwig von Mises

Fertig, was a member of the NYU board of trustees and was instrumental in supporting his friend Ludwig von Mises when the economist fled Europe to the United States during the rise of the Third Reich. Fertig paid part of Mises' salary himself when Mises began teaching at Fertig's alma mater. Referring to Mises' visiting professorship at NYU, economist Murray Rothbard said: "NYU's support for Mises was grudging, and only came about because advertising executive and NYU alumnus Lawrence Fertig, an economic journalist and close friend of Mises and Hazlitt, exerted considerable influence at the university."
The Mises Institute, founded in 1982 in honor of Ludwig von Mises, credits Fertig as being instrumental in its creation and development. The institute offers a Lawrence Fertig memorial prize to the author whose work "best advances economic science in the Austrian tradition."
# Laurent Dorique

Laurent Dorique (born 10 July 1976) is a French track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. He was the gold medallist at the 2001 Mediterranean Games and the 2001 Francophonie Games. He was three times a gold medallist for his native Réunion at the Indian Ocean Island Games, winning in 1993, 1998 and 2011.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 1993 | Indian Ocean Island Games | Victoria, Seychelles | 1st | Javelin throw | 64.22 m |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 6th | Javelin throw | 74.84 m |
| 1998 | Indian Ocean Island Games | Saint Denis, Réunion | 1st | Javelin throw | 72.14 m |
| 2001 | Mediterranean Games | Radès, Tunisia | 1st | Javelin throw | 80.88 m |
| 2001 | Universiade | Beijing, China | 6th | Javelin throw | 75.24 m |
| 2001 | Francophonie Games | Ottawa, Canada | 1st | Javelin throw | 76.67 m |
| 2011 | Indian Ocean Island Games | Victoria, Seychelles | 1st | Javelin throw | 76.38 m |

## National titles

* French Athletics Championships
** Javelin throw: 2000, 2001, 2008, 2011
# Sigmund P. Haave

Sigmund P. Haave (24 August 1916 – 5 June 2001) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.
He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Troms during the term 1965–1969. At the time he was the county agricultural director in Troms, with residence in Målselv Municipality. In 1968 he was hired as county agricultural director in Telemark.
# Silvanerpeton

Silvanerpeton is an extinct genus of early reptiliomorph found by Stan Wood in the East Kirkton Quarry of West Lothian, Scotland, in a sequence from the Brigantian substage of the Viséan (Lower Carboniferous). The find is important, as the quarry represents terrestrial deposits from Romer's gap, a period poor in fossils where the higher groups "labyrinthodonts" evolved.
The type species Silvanerpeton miripedes was named by Jennifer A. Clack in 1993/1994. The generic name is derived from Silvanus, the Roman god of woods. The specific name means "wondrous feet" in Latin. The holotype is specimen UMZC T1317, a skeleton with skull and skin impressions.

## Description

In life Silvanerpeton was about 40 cm (1 ft) long. Some paleontologists think it was semi-aquatic as an adult, others believe only young individuals of Silvanerpeton were aquatic and the adults were fully terrestrial.

## Classification

Based on a remarkably well preserved humerus and other traits, the animal is believed to have been a relatively advanced reptiliomorph, close to the origin of amniotes.
# Silvania, Colombia

Silvania is a town and municipality in Cundinamarca Department, Colombia.
# Le Bô

Le Bô (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## Geography

The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Le Corps du Sel, Le Chesnay, Mainbœuf and Le Bô.
The Commune with another 20 communes shares part of a 2,115 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Vallée de l'Orne et ses affluents.
The River Orne is the only watercourse that flows through the commune.
vteNeighbouring communes :
Le Vey
Saint-Omer
Clécy
Le Bô
La Pommeraye
Clécy
Cossesseville :
# Silvestre Pereira

Silvestre Pereira (born 24 August 1971) is a Portuguese sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1990s. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, he was eliminated in the semifinals of both the C-1 500 m and the C-1 1000 m events.
# Silvestre Selva

Silvestre Selva Sacasa (31 December 1777 – 1855) was a Nicaraguan politician of Basque origin, who, as a senator in the State Legislative Assembly, was appointed by the invading forces of Francisco Malespín to serve as provisional Supreme Director, served from 16 December 1844 to 20 January 1845 with headquarters in the city of Masaya.

## Biography
### Background

Born on 31 December 1777 in Granada, he was the illegitimate son of Lieutenant General José Roberto Sacasa Marenco and Ubalda Rosalía Selva del Castillo Mayor.
He was a maternal relative of Roberto Sacasa, the 10th President of Nicaragua.

### Malespín's War

On 25 October 1844 the so-called Guerra de Malespín began when León was besieged by troops from El Salvador and Honduras under the command of General Francisco Malespín, a Salvadoran military ruler and a conservative convinced that he obtained the support of the Granadan legitimists.
José Francisco del Montenegro and Juan Ruiz were the ambassadors sent by Granada and Rivas to Malespín, with the result of the creation of a provisional government in charge of Senator Selva based in Masaya and without the consent of León, the seat of the government of Emiliano Madriz who as Supreme Director directed the defenses of the city, which was finally occupied with the subsequent looting of its churches.

#### Overthrow of Malespín

On 2 February 1845 Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán, the Vice President of El Salvador, with support from much of San Salvador, declared himself President of El Salvador. Malespín, backed by Honduran forces, returned to El Salvador in an attempt to regain his presidency, thus ending the war in Nicaragua. Selva was able to escape from León, where he was stationed after Blas Antonio Sáenz and José León Sandoval formed a counter-government in Masaya, which on 20 January declared Sáenz as provisional Supreme Director, until Sandoval was elected on 4 April.
# Laza

Laza may refer to:

## Places

* Laza, Qabala, a village in Qabala Rayon, Azerbaijan
* Laza, Qusar, a village in Qusar Rayon, Azerbaijan
* Laza, Spain, a municipality in the province of Ourense, Galicia region of north-west Spain
** Laza mine, an open pit mine near the municipality
* Laza, Vaslui, a commune in Vaslui County, Romania
* Laža parish, an administrative unit of Aizpute Municipality, Latvia
* Laza River, a river tributary in Romania

## People

* Laza Kostić (1842–1909), Serbian writer, philosopher, and politician
* Laza Lazarević (1851–1891), Serbian writer, psychiatrist, and neurologist
* Laza Morgan (born 1978), Jamaican American reggae singer and rapper
* Laza Razanajatovo (Laza), Malagasy filmmaker, film producer and film festival organiser
* Laza Ristovski (1956–2007), Serbian and former Yugoslav keyboardist
* Belsy Laza (born 1967), Cuban former shot putter
# Siemens C72

The Siemens C72 is a mobile phone based on the C65. It features a built-in camera capable of taking pictures in VGA resolution (640*480 pixels), but is not capable of recording videos (with possible workarounds).
# Silos, Norte de Santander

Silos or Santo Domingo de Silos is a Colombian municipality and town located in the department of North Santander.
It is the only municipality founded in Colombia by a German, Ambrosio Alfinger, in 1531.

## Climate

Climate data for Silos, elevation 2,765 m (9,072 ft), (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.7 (65.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.1 (62.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.0 (64.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) | 12.2 (54.0) | 12.5 (54.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 11.8 (53.2) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.2 (54.0) | 12.3 (54.1) | 12.3 (54.1) | 11.9 (53.4) | 12.2 (54.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 6.3 (43.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 8.1 (46.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 7.6 (45.7) | 7.5 (45.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 7.7 (45.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 6.5 (43.7) | 7.3 (45.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.1 (0.63) | 24.7 (0.97) | 45.7 (1.80) | 87.8 (3.46) | 107.8 (4.24) | 94.1 (3.70) | 90.2 (3.55) | 89.7 (3.53) | 99.2 (3.91) | 107.4 (4.23) | 60.9 (2.40) | 30.8 (1.21) | 845.0 (33.27) |
| Average precipitation days | 7 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 190 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 76 | 79 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 83 | 81 | 78 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 161.2 | 132.7 | 117.8 | 75.0 | 71.3 | 66.0 | 89.9 | 105.4 | 102.0 | 93.0 | 102.0 | 133.3 | 1,249.6 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 5.2 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 3.4 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales ||||||||||||||