OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Watts (jockey)

John Watts (1861–1902) was a British flat-race jockey. In a career that lasted from 1880 until 1900 he rode the winners of 19 Classics. He was noted for his quiet and unspectacular style and undemonstrative personality. On his retirement from riding he became a trainer, but died two years later.

## Apprenticeship

Jack Watts was born at Stockbridge, Hampshire in 1861. In his mid teens he was apprenticed to the trainer Tom Cannon at Danebury, and rode his first winner in 1876. In 1878 he moved to Newmarket and joined the successful stable of Richard Marsh. His association with Marsh would last throughout his career.

## Major successes

Marsh's patrons included the King Edward VII and the Duke of Hamilton, providing Watts with a string of top class rides. His major winners for the Duke included Ossian (St Leger) and Miss Jummy (1000 Guineas, Oaks), while the Prince provided him with probably his best horse, the Derby winner Persimmon. Watts was less fortunate with the Prince's second Derby winner, Diamond Jubilee, who loathed the jockey and tried to attack him before the Coventry Stakes at Royal Ascot. Watts subsequently gave up the ride on the temperamental colt.
Watts was also successful when riding for other owners and trainers including Mathew Dawson and John Porter for whom he rode the Derby winners Ladas and Sainfoin respectively.

## Retirement and death

By 1895 Watts was having serious weight problems and the constant "wasting" was affecting his health. He resolved to retire at the end of 1895, but was persuaded to reconsider by Marsh. Watts finally retired in 1900 and set himself up as a trainer at Newmarket, where his patrons included the King. He health was never good, however and he died on 29 July 1902 after falling ill at a race meeting at Sandown. He was forty-one years old. His funeral on 2 August was attended by "almost the entire town" of Newmarket.

## Family and descendants

Jack Watts was married twice and started a dynasty of trainers. His son John Evelyn Watts trained the 1927 Derby winner Call Boy, and his grandson John Frederick Watts became private trainer to Lord Derby and won the St Leger with Indiana in 1964. His son Harry was killed in action during the Great War, whilst his son Claude, a Leading Aircraftsman, by his second marriage was killed in a military accident in Suffolk in 1942. Jack Watts' great-grandson, John William "Bill" Watts trained Waterloo to win the 1000 Guineas in 1972 and Teleprompter to win the 1985 Arlington Million.
# August Krönig

August Karl Krönig (German:; 20 September 1822 – 5 June 1879) was a German chemist and physicist who published an account of the kinetic theory of gases in 1856, probably after reading a paper by John James Waterston.

## Biography

Krönig was born in Schildesche, now part of Bielefeld. After completing his Abitur he attended the University of Bonn for three semesters beginning in 1839 studying primarily Oriental languages. In 1840 he changed focus to physics, chemistry and mathematics and transferred to the University of Berlin, where he completed his doctorate in 1845 with a thesis on chromate salts. He then taught at two schools in Berlin, the Realgymnasium in Cölln and the Königliche Realschule attached to the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Berlin. In 1864 he was given a professorship, but he was forced to retire the same year for reasons of ill health.
In 1851 Krönig self-published the Journal für Physik und physikalische Chemie des Auslandes in vollständigen Übersichten, but only one year of issues appeared. In 1856 he published a paper on the kinetic theory of gases, thereby becoming a pioneer of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics alongside Rudolf Clausius, James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann. The paper echoes John James Waterston's 1851 paper on the topic, and may be based on it; Clausius' work was sparked by Krönig's paper but emphasised the implication of "equal volumes equal numbers", which Waterston and Krönig merely noted. Krönig also published various writings on science and on philosophy and theology.
He died in Berlin; his remains were reburied in the family grave at the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery, near Berlin.

## Publications

* De acidi chromici salibus cristallinis (doctoral thesis), Berlin, 1845
* Neue Methode zur Vermeidung und Auffindung von Rechenfehlern vermittelst der Neuner-, Elfer-, Siebenunddreißiger- und Hundertundeinerprobe. Ein Hülfsmittel für Zahlenrechner, Berlin, 1855
* "Grundzüge einer Theorie der Gase", Annalen der Physik [2]33 (1856), 315
* Die Chemie, bearbeitet als Bildungsmittel für den Verstand zum Gebrauche bei dem chemischen Unterricht an höheren Lehranstalten, Berlin 1864
* Wie kritisirt man chemische Lehrbücher? Eine Antikritik, Berlin, 1865
* Die Werthlosigkeit einer grossen Anzahl von chemischen Formeln: Dargethan durch die Grösse der Fehler in Liebig's Analysen und neues Verfahren zur Ableitung der Formel einer Verbindung aus den Gewichtsmengen der Bestandtheile, Berlin: Julius Springer, 1866
* Das Dasein Gottes und das Glück der Menschen, materialistisch-erfahrungsphilosophische Studien, insbesondere über die Gottesfrage und den Darwinismus, über den Selbstbeglückungstrieb als Fundament der Lebensweisheit und praktischen Moral und über die Hauptlehren Kant's und Schopenhauer's, Berlin, 1874
* Sechs neue Rezepte betr. billige Ernährung, Berlin, 1874
# Wichmann the Elder

Wichmann I the Elder (also spelled Wigmann or Wichman) (died 23 April 944) was a member of the Saxon House of Billung. He was a brother of Amelung, Bishop of Verden, and Herman, Duke of Saxony.

## Biography

In 938, Wichmann rebelled because his younger brother Herman had been given military command of the northern reaches of the Duchy of Saxony. He believed that he had a better claim to the office by virtue of his seniority and his Königsnähe (closeness to the king), because he was related by marriage to the queen dowager Matilda. He was joined by Eberhard of Franconia, and Thankmar, the half-brother of King Otto I. The revolt was soon suppressed. Thankmar died the same year he and Eberhard came to terms. Wichmann allied with some Slavs and made war against his former compatriots. He reconciled to Otto in 941.

## Personal life

Wichmann married Frederuna (or Fridaruna), niece of Queen Matilda. She became a nun after her husband's death and died on 18 January 971. She left him at least three sons and a daughter:
* Wichmann II
* Bruno, Bishop of Verden
* Egbert the One-Eyed
* Hathui, married Siegfried, son of Gero the Great, possibly mother of Gero, Count of Alsleben.
Wichmann and Frederuna may have been the parents of Dietrich, Margrave of the Nordmark.

## Sources

* Reuter, Timothy (6 June 2014). Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800-1056. Taylor & Francis. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-317-87238-2.
* Thompson, James Westfall. Feudal Germany, Volume II. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1928.
* Bernhardt, John W. Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c. 936–1075. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
# 1934 Swissair Tuttlingen accident

On 27 July 1934, a Swissair Curtiss AT-32C Condor II passenger aircraft crashed near Tuttlingen, Germany, while flying through a thunderstorm. All 12 people on board were killed. It was the worst air crash in 1934 and Swissair's first aviation accident since its founding in 1931.

## Aircraft and occupants

The aircraft involved in the accident, registered CH-170, was a Curtiss AT-32C Condor II, a variant of the standard T-32 developed specifically for Swiss flag carrier Swissair, which was its only operator. CH-170 had entered service on 28 March 1934, and at the time of the accident, had only been in service for four months. The cabin was configured with seating for up to 15 people.
The aircraft's flight attendant, Nelly Diener, also known as the Engel der Lüfte ("Angel of the Skies"), was Europe's first air stewardess. She had been working for Swissair since 1 May 1934. The other two crew members were the pilot, Armin Mühlematter, and the radio navigator, Hans Daschinger. On the fatal flight, nine passengers were aboard.

## Accident

The aircraft departed Zurich for Berlin, with stopovers in Stuttgart and Leipzig. Shortly after crossing the Swiss-German border, the aircraft, cruising at an altitude around 3,000 m (9,800 ft), encountered a thunderstorm, and while flying through it, experienced turbulence. The right wing eventually broke off; the plane fell into a forest near Tuttlingen, exploding into flames on impact.

## Investigation

Investigators found that oscillations in the wing had caused a stress fracture, the severity of which was exacerbated by the violent weather conditions in which the aircraft was flying. German investigators, however, determined that one fracture formed in the wing and engine-mount structure due to defective construction and welding techniques in conjunction with the engine vibrations, while a second fracture resulted from the force of the turbulence in the storm.
# Kavakköy, Sivrice

Kavakköy is a village in the Sivrice District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and Muhacir Turks and had a population of 50 in 2021.
# 1974 United Nations Security Council election

The 1974 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 October 1974 during the Twenty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Guyana, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and Tanzania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1975. Both Guyana and Tanzania were elected to the council for the first time.

## Rules

The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election.
In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:
* One for African countries (held by Kenya)
* One for countries from the Asian Group (now called the Asia-Pacific Group) (held by Indonesia)
* One for Latin America and the Caribbean (held by Peru)
* Two for the Western European and Others Group (held by Australia and Austria)
To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. If the vote is inconclusive after the first round, three rounds of restricted voting shall take place, followed by three rounds of unrestricted voting, and so on, until a result has been obtained. In restricted voting, only official candidates may be voted on, while in unrestricted voting, any member of the given regional group, with the exception of current Council members, may be voted on.

## Candidates

As Chairman of the Latin American Group, Mr. Villagran Kramer of Guatemala stated that the candidacy of Guyana will be supported unanimously by the whole group.

## Result

The election was managed by then-President of the United Nations General Assembly Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria. The United Nations had 139 member states at this time (for a timeline of UN membership, see Enlargement of the United Nations). Delegates were to write the names of the five member states they wished elected on the ballot papers. Voting was conducted on a single ballot. Ballots containing more states from a certain region than seats allocated to that region were invalidated.
| Member | Round 1 |
| Sweden | 127 |
| Italy | 125 |
| Guyana | 123 |
| Tanzania | 122 |
| Japan | 121 |
| Liberia | 2 |
| Bolivia | 1 |
| Brazil | 1 |
| People's Republic of the Congo | 1 |
| Cuba | 1 |
| Finland | 1 |
| India | 1 |
| Nigeria | 1 |
| Zambia | 1 |
| abstentions | 0 |
| invalid ballots | 0 |
| required majority | 86 |
| ballot papers | 129 |
# Tarqi

Tarqi may refer to:
* Tarki, Russia
* Tarqi, North Khorasan, Iran
* Tarqi, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
# Pant Halt railway station

Pant Halt railway station served the hamlet of Pant-pastynog, Denbighshire, Wales, from 1905 to 1915 on the Pontcysyllte branch.

## History

The station was opened on 1 May 1905 by the Great Western Railway when they introduced railmotor services from Wrexham General station as far as Wynn Hall Halt. It was situated on the south side of the B5097. It had no station buildings or any other facilities but nearby was The Pant Brickworks, which was served by rail. The station closed on 22 March 1915 after losing to the competition of the newly introduced bus services. The Pontcysyllte branch remained in use for goods traffic until 1953, and after that the line to the south of Pant was closed and lifted, but the section of the line from Pant northwards remained open to serve the brick works. The station's final use was a rail tour on 18 April 1959. The section of the line finally closed on 14 October 1963, and the line was lifted in 1964.
# John of Hexham

John of Hexham (c. 1160 – 1209) was an English chronicler, known to us merely as the author of a work called the Historia XXV. annorum, which continues the Historia regum attributed to Symeon of Durham, and contains an account of English events from 1130 to 1153.
From the title, as given in the only manuscript, we learn John's name and the fact that he was prior of Hexham. It must have been between 1160 and 1209 that he held this position; but the date at which he lived and wrote cannot be more accurately determined. Up to the year 1139 he follows closely the history written by his predecessor, Prior Richard; thenceforward he is an independent though not a very valuable authority. He is best informed as to the events of the north country; his want of care, when he ventures farther afield, may be illustrated by the fact that he places in 1145 King Stephen's siege of Oxford, which really occurred in 1142.
Even for northern affairs his chronology is faulty; from 1140 onwards his dates are uniformly one year too late. Prior Richard is not the only author to whom John is indebted; he incorporates in the annal of 1138 two other narratives of the Battle of the Standard, one in verse by the monk Serlo of Wilton, another in prose by Abbot Aelred of Rievaulx; and also a poem, by a Glasgow clerk, on the death of Somerled.
The one manuscript of John's chronicle is a late 12th-century copy; Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 139. The best edition is that of Thomas Arnold in Symeonis monachi opera, vol. 2 (Rolls Series, 1885). There is an English translation in Joseph Stevenson's Church Historians of England, vol. 4 (London, 1856).
# Lendon Gray

Lendon Fentress Gray (born April 13, 1949), is an American dressage champion, author, and former rider of Seldom Seen.
Gray was born in Old Town, Maine, and began riding horses and competing at a young age, originally in the Western and hunt seat schools of equitation. She competed to national level at Pony Club rallies. She attended The Foxhollow School for Girls and then Sweet Briar College, where she trained in the forward seat riding system under Paul D. Cronin.

## Olympics

In 1975, Gray began riding Seldom Seen, a 14.2 h (147 cm) Thoroughbred/Connemara cross. The pair competed in FEI dressage tests to Grand Prix level between 1977 and 1987. On Seldom Seen and four other horses, Gray won five gold medals at U.S. Olympic Festivals. Gray qualified for the 1980 U.S. Olympic team but did not compete due to the U.S. Olympic Committee's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Russia. She was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal instead.

## Dressage

Gray represented the United States at the Dressage World Championships in 1978, and at the 1991 Dressage World Cup in Paris. In 1980, Gray rode Beppo, a Holsteiner gelding, for the American team at the Alternate Olympics dressage event at Goodwood House, in West Sussex, England. In 1988, she competed in dressage on Later On with the United States Equestrian Team in the 1988 Olympics in Seoul.
Gray is a United States Dressage Federation instructor and clinician, as well as one of the founders of the non-profit Emerging Dressage Athlete Program for young riders. She was inducted to the USDF Hall of Fame in 2011.

## Publications

* Gray, Lendon Lessons with Lendon: 25 Progressive Dressage Lessons Take You from Basic "Whoa and Go" to Your First Competition (Popular Training Series from Practical Horseman). Knight Equestrian Books, 2003.
# Lifestyles of the Sick & Dangerous

Lifestyles of the Sick & Dangerous is the fourth studio album released by Blind Channel, released on 8 July 2022. The album was made without an external producer.

## Critical reception

Soundi awarded the album 4/5, as did V2.fi.

## Track listing

* "Opinions" – 3:07
* "Dark Side" – 2:57
* "Don't Fix Me" – 2:53
* "Bad Idea" – 3:12
* "Alive or Only Burning" – 3:09
* "Balboa" – 3:12
* "National Heroes" – 1:31
* "We Are No Saints" – 3:10
* "Autopsy" – 3:01
* "Glory for the Greedy" – 3:29
* "Thank You for the Pain" – 5:35

## Charts

Chart performance for Lifestyles of the Sick & Dangerous :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 1 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 15 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 82 |
# Kazuhito

Kazuhito (written: 一仁, 和仁, 和人 or 数人) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Kazuhito Esaki (江崎 一仁, born 1986), Japanese footballer
* Kazuhito Kikuchi (菊池 一仁, born 1977), Japanese composer
* Kazuhito Kosaka (古坂 和仁, born 1973), Japanese comedian
* Kazuhito Mochizuki (望月 一仁, born 1957), Japanese footballer and manager
* Kazuhito Tadano (多田野 数人, born 1980), Japanese baseball player
* Kazuhito Tanaka (田中 和仁, born 1985), Japanese gymnast
* Kazuhito Watanabe (渡邊 一仁, born 1986), Japanese footballer
* Kazuhito Yamashita (山下 和仁, born 1961), Japanese classical guitarist

## Fictional characters

* Kazuhito Narita (成田 一仁), a character from the manga and anime Haikyu!! with the position of middle blocker from Karasuno High
# 1974 United Kingdom general election

There were two general elections held in the United Kingdom in 1974:
* February 1974 United Kingdom general election
* October 1974 United Kingdom general election
# Pant-y-Ffynnon Quarry

Pant-y-Ffynnon Quarry is a stone quarry in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, around 3 kilometers east of Cowbridge. It contains fissure fill deposits dating to the Late Triassic (Rhaetian), hosted within karsts of Carboniferous aged limestone, primarily the Friars Point Limestone Formation. Remains of numerous small vertebrates, notably archosaurs, are known from the fissure fills in the quarry, similar to other Late Triassic-Early Jurassic fissure fill deposits known from Southwest England and southern Wales.

## History

The quarry was likely in use since at least the 1910s, and the first fossil specimens discovered at the quarry were collected by palaeontologists Kenneth Kermack and Pamela Robinson of University College London between 1951 and 1952, and were first presented at a talk in 1953 and later written on briefly in 1956.
The quarry was abandoned during the 1960s and few fossil discoveries have been made there since. Much of the remains discovered between 1951-52 were left undescribed until the 21st century, with most only initially being briefly described upon discovery.

## Vertebrate paleofauna

| Taxon | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Aenigmaspina | A. pantyffynnonensis | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Remains include osteoderms, vertebrae, ribs and a scapula clustered tightly together, as well as more pieces from the forelimb and additional vertebrae that likely belong to this individual. Nicknamed 'Edgar'. |
| Clevosaurus | C. cambrica, C. sp. | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Partial cranial and post-cranial remains from several specimens, with bite marks belonging to Terrestrisuchus present. |
| Crinoidea | Indeterminate | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Reworked from older Carboniferous sediments. |
| Crocodylomorpha | Indeterminate | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Isolated bones associated with the holotype of Pendraig. Likely the same animal as Terrestrisuchus |
| Diphydontosaurus | D. sp. | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Left dentary. |
| Kuehneosaurus | K. sp. | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Indeterminate remains, with Keeble et al. (2018) unable to source this specimen. |
| Lepidosauria | Indeterminate | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Indeterminate remains. |
| Pantydraco | P. caducus | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Remains include a skull, a partial jawbone, and vertebrae of the cervix, an incomplete right pelvic bone, and partial forelimbs. |
| Pendraig | P. milnerae | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Remains include a partial pelvis, vertebrae and a left femur that is from the same individual was found disarticulated from the main block. |
| Rhynchocephalia | Indeterminate | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Represented by one or two indeterminate species. |
| Terrestrisuchus | T. gracilis, T. sp.? | Geographically present in Pantyffynnon | Several well-preserved articulated partial skeletons and various isolated bones. |
# Robert Nelson (British politician)

Robert Frederick William Robertson Nelson (29 February 1888 – 1 December 1932) was Unionist Party MP for Motherwell.
He was elected in 1918 as a supporter of David Lloyd George's coalition government. He stood down in 1922 for health reasons.
A businessman, Nelson followed his father's steps and was chairman and managing director of Hurst, Nelson & Co. (Limited), The Glasgow Rolling Stock and Plant Works, Motherwell, and chairman of Wagon Repairs, Ltd, Birmingham.
He was educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond.
# Lennox Godfrey Bird

Lennox Godfrey Bird (1878–1956) was a British architect who was a prominent practitioner in Hong Kong. He was partner in Palmer and Turner (now P & T Architects & Engineers Ltd.) from 1907 to 1935.
Bird was director of the Shek O Development Company (石澳道業主委員會), and was responsible for the design of many older bungalows in the vicinity of Shek O. He also held positions of commandant of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, president of the local chapter of the Royal Society of St. George and president of the Hong Kong Hockey Club.
His daughter, Jean Bird, was the first woman to be awarded RAF wings.
# Liga Nacional de Accion Ruralista

The Liga Nacional de Acción Ruralista (National League for Rural Action) was a Uruguayan organization founded in 1964 by Benito Nardone and Juan Maria Bordaberry (who became President of Uruguay, 1972-1976). It shifted between supporting the National Party and the Colorado Party.
Its antecedent was the Liga Federal de Acción Ruralista, established in 1951. The League was designed to promote and defend rural interests.
# Julian Williams

Julian Williams may refer to:
* Julian Williams (American football) (born 1990), Arena Football League player
* Julian Williams (boxer) (born 1990), American professional boxer