OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bilobalide

Bilobalide is a biologically active terpenic trilactone present in Ginkgo biloba.

## Chemistry

Bilobalide is a main constituent of the terpenoids found in Ginkgo leaves. It also exists in minor amounts in the roots. It is a sesquiterpenoid, i.e. it has a 15-carbon skeleton. Its exact synthesis pathway from farnesyl pyrophosphate is still unknown.

## Biosynthesis

Bilobalide and ginkgolide have similar biosynthetic pathways. Bilobalide is formed by partially degraded ginkgolide. Bilobalide is derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is formed by addition of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to an isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) unit to form a C$_{15}$ sesquiterpene. Such formation went through the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate MEP pathway. In order to generate bilobalide, C$_{20}$ ginkgolide 13 must form first. To transform from GGPP to abietenyl cation 5, a single bifunctional enzyme abietadiene synthase E1 is required. However, due to the complexity of ginkgolide structures for rearrangement, ring cleavage, and formation of lactone rings, diterpene 8 is used to explain instead. Levopimaradiene 6 and abietatriene 7 are precursors for ginkgolide and bilobalide formation. The unusual tert-butyl substituent is formed from A ring cleavage in 9. Bilobalide 13 then formed in loss of carbons through degradation from ginkgolide 12, and lactones are formed from residual carboxyl and alcohol functions. The end product of bilobalide contains sesquiterpenes and three lactones units.

## Pharmacology

Bilobalide is important for producing several of the effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts, and it has neuroprotective effects, as well as inducing the liver enzymes CYP3A1 and CYP1A2, which may be partially responsible for interactions between ginkgo and other herbal medicines or pharmaceutical drugs. Bilobalide has recently been found to be a negative allosteric modulator at the GABA$_A$ and GABA$_A$-rho receptors. Of GABA$_A$, it may possibly be selective for the subunits predominantly implicated in cognitive and memory functioning such as α1.
# Batavia Township, Ohio

Batavia Township is one of the fourteen townships of Clermont County, Ohio, United States. The population was 27,660 as of the 2020 census.

## Geography

Located in the center of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Stonelick Township - north
* Jackson Township - northeast
* Williamsburg Township - east
* Tate Township - southeast
* Monroe Township - south
* Pierce Township - southwest
* Union Township - northwest
The incorporated village and county seat of Batavia is located in the center of the Township. Parts of the former village of Amelia (dissolved in 2019) are located in the southwest.

## Name and history

Batavia Township was organized in 1815. It is the only Batavia Township statewide.

## Economy

American Modern Insurance Group, Inc. and Milacron are based in the township.
The township was home to Ford Motor Company's Batavia Transmission plant until it closed in 2009 under a corporate plan called "The Way Forward". It also anchored an industrial area that also includes rollercoaster manufacturer Clermont Steel Fabricators.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Infrastructure

The Clermont County Airport is located in the township.
The Cincinnati Eastern Railroad passes through the township.

## Education

University of Cincinnati Clermont College, a regional campus of the University of Cincinnati, is in the township. UC Clermont's satellite campus, UC East, operates out of the administrative offices of the former Ford plant. Due to declining enrollment at UC Clermont, UC East was closed and is vacated as of 2020.

## Media

WOBO-FM broadcasts from the township at 88.7 MHz.
# Saughtree railway station

Saughtree railway station is a closed railway station situated a mile north of the hamlet of Saughtree and two miles from the border with England.

## History

Saughtree railway station was on the Border Counties Railway which linked the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, near Hexham, with the Border Union Railway at Riccarton Junction. The first section of the route was opened between Hexham and Chollerford in 1858, the remainder opening in 1862. Services to the station were never frequent, due to its remote location (the nearest settlement being a mile distant) – only a single train each way was timetabled to call on Mondays, Thursdays & Saturdays, to allow the handful of regular passengers to travel to Hawick to shop. The service was suspended altogether on 1 December 1944 as a wartime economy measure, eventually being reinstated in August 1948.
The line was closed to passengers by British Railways in October 1956 and completely two years later. The station had a single platform, a stone-built station building, and a siding.
The station building and platform have been restored and 400 yards of new track laid.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Riccarton Junction | London and North Eastern Railway Border Counties Railway | Deadwater |
# Whakamoke paoka

Whakamoke paoka is a species of Malkaridae that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 2020 by Gustavo Hormiga and Nikolaj Scharff. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The male is recorded at 3.77-4.18mm in length whereas the female is 4.16-5.30mm. This species has a dark red brown carapace, red brown legs and a whitish brown abdomen.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Canterbury, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Relict" with the qualifier "Data Poor: Size".
# Senator Woods

Senator Woods may refer to:
* Aaron Woods (politician), Oregon state senate
* Harriett Woods (1927–2007), Missouri State Senate
* Jane Woods (born 1946), Virginia State Senate
* John M. Woods (1839–1927), Massachusetts State Senate
* John Woods (Pennsylvania politician) (1761–1816), Pennsylvania State Senate
* Jon Woods (born 1977), Arkansas State Senate
* Joseph Andrew Woods (1870–1925), Northern Irish Senate
* Laura J. Woods (born 1961), Colorado State Senate
* Pat Woods (politician) (born 1940s), New Mexico State Senate
* Samuel V. Woods (fl. 1910s), West Virginia State Senate
* Tom Woods, Oklahoma State Senate
# Alys Williams (singer)

Alys Mair Williams (born 1987) is a Welsh singer. She sings pop songs with folk and jazz influences and includes improvised riffs while singing.
Williams was born in St Asaph but grew up in Caernarfon. She attended Ysgol Gynradd Y Gelli in Caernarfon before moving to Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen , Caernarfon. Williams studied A levels at Coleg Menai, Bangor and went on to study Alternative Therapies in Liverpool .

## Appearance on The Voice UK

Williams appeared on the first series of The Voice UK in April 2012 but didn't get through the 'blind auditions'. She returned the following year to prove that she could do better. That year, all four judges picked Williams and she then chose the singer Tom Jones as her mentor. Williams reached the quarter final of the competition in June 2013.
# Karaağaç

Karaağaç ("elm", literally "dark tree"), also spelled Qaraağac or Karaagach or Qarağac, is a Turkic place name and may refer to:

## Places
### Turkey

* Karaağaç, Adıyaman
* Karaağaç, Biga
* Karaağaç, Bilecik
* Karaağaç, Bozüyük
* Karaağaç, Çorum
* Karaağaç, Çubuk
* Karaağaç, Daday
* Karaağaç, Edirne
* Karaağaç, Emirdağ
* Karaağaç, Gölpazarı
* Karaağaç, Gömeç
* Karaağaç, Hatay
* Karaağaç, Hınıs
* Karaağaç, İpsala
* Karaağaç, İscehisar
* Karaağaç, İskilip
* Karaağaç, Koçarlı
* Karaağaç, Kumluca
* Karaağaç, Kızılcahamam
* Karaağaç, Kulp
* Karaağaç, Orta
* Karaağaç, Seben
* Karaağaç, Suluova
* Karaağaç, Tekirdağ
* Karaağaç, Şavşat
* Karaağaç railway station

### Azerbaijan

* Qaraağac, Jalilabad
* Qaraağac, Jabrayil
* Qaraağac, Nakhchivan
* Qaraağac, Sabirabad
* Qarağac, Qubadli

### Other

* Karaagach (river), a river in Bulgaria
* Karaağaç, former name of Levski, Pleven Province in Bulgaria
* Karaağaç, former name of Ptelea, Evros in Greece
* Karaagach, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Karaağaç, Turkish name of Charkeia in Cyprus
# Batavia Union F.C.

Batavia Union Football Club was an Indonesian football club based in North Jakarta, Jakarta. The team plays in Liga Indonesia Premier Division (LPIS).

## Last squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 22 | GK | IDN | Fauzi Toldo |
| 3 | DF | IDN | Tugihadi |
| 13 | DF | IDN | Ledi Utomo |
| 8 | MF | CHI | Javier Rocha |
| 7 | MF | KOR | Na Byung-Yul |
| 14 | DF | KOR | Kim Jong-Kyung |
| 11 | MF | IDN | Muhammad Iskandar |
| 21 | FW | ARG | Leandro Scornainchi |
| 9 | FW | ARG | Juan Manuel Cortes |
| 10 | FW | IDN | Tantan |
| 21 | GK | IDN | Syaiful Khabib |
| 31 | GK | IDN | Ade Hendra Nasution |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 33 | DF | IDN | Sofyan Morhan |
| 19 | DF | IDN | Muhammad Fathulmanan |
| 21 | DF | IDN | Saefulloh |
| 15 | MF | IDN | Munir Lessy |
| 17 | MF | IDN | Mulyani Hadi Kifayah |
| 4 | MF | IDN | Muhammad Fahri |
| 27 | MF | IDN | Ronny Wahyudi |
| 73 | MF | IDN | Basir Arafat |
| 92 | FW | IDN | Muhammad Renggur |
| 16 | FW | IDN | Yahya Sosomar |
| 99 | FW | IDN | Fathul Adha |

## Former Coach

* Roberto Bianchi
# Savoronala

Savoronala is a fungal genus in the family Malmideaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Savoronala madagascariensis. This lichen produces unique conidia (asexual spores) that each include a single algal cell.

## Taxonomy

Both the genus and the specie were described as new in 2013 by Damian Ertz, Eberhard Fischer, Dorothee Killmann, Tahina Razafindrahaja, and Emmanuël Sérusiaux. The type specimen was collected in Tôlanaro, Madagascar, in a coastal Erica-grassland. It was found growing on the stem of an Erica shrub. The lichen is known only from the type locality. The area it was collected from is under pressure because of habitat destruction, charcoal production, and a nearby giant mine of ilmenite.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed Savoronala be part of Malmideaceae, a family circumscribed in 2011.

## Description

Several features characterize the genus Savoronala. It produces small thalli that are pale glaucous and placodioid (crustose at the centre and lobed at the periphery). The photobiont partner is chlorococcoid green algae. The lichen makes pale cream stipes that bear grayish-blue sporodochia at the tips. Conidia (asexual spores) are associated and dispersed with an algal cell and later become dark brown.
# Kudrėnai (Varėna)

Kudrėnai is a village in Varėna district municipality, in Alytus County, in southeastern Lithuania. According to the 2001 census, the village has a population of 2 people.
# Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers

The Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers (AUBTW) was a British trade union.

## History

The AUBTW was founded in 1921 when the Operative Society of Masons, Quarrymen and Allied Trades of England and Wales, the Operative Bricklayers' Society and the Manchester Unity of Operative Bricklayers' Society merged. It was joined by the Building and Monumental Workers' Association of Scotland in 1942, the National Builders' Labourers' and Constructional Workers' Society in 1952, the National Society of Street Masons, Paviors and Road Makers in 1966 and the Amalgamated Slaters', Tilers' and Roofing Operatives' Society in 1969.
In 1971, the AUBTW merged with the Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers to form the Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers, Painters and Builders.

## Election results

The union sponsored Labour Party candidates in several Parliamentary elections.
| Election | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Position |
| 1931 by-election | Woolwich East | George Hicks | 16,200 | 56.7 | 1 |
| 1931 general election | Woolwich East | George Hicks | 16,658 | 50.9 | 1 |
| 1935 general election | Woolwich East | George Hicks | 17,563 | 58.0 | 1 |
| 1945 general election | Woolwich East | George Hicks | 18,983 | 70.4 | 1 |
| 1950 general election | Portsmouth South | Leslie Merrion | 17,545 | 36.1 | 2 |
| 1951 general election | Southend East | Leslie Merrion | 19,478 | 44.7 | 2 |
| 1955 general election | Exeter | Leslie Merrion | 18,759 | 43.7 | 2 |
| 1964 general election | Houghton-le-Spring | Thomas Urwin | 32,914 | 74.8 | 1 |
| 1966 general election | Houghton-le-Spring | Thomas Urwin | 32,067 | 77.5 | 1 |
| 1970 general election | Houghton-le-Spring | Thomas Urwin | 32,888 | 73.4 | 1 |

## Leadership
### General Secretaries

    1921: George Hicks
    1941: Luke Fawcett
    1951: George Lowthian

### Presidents

    1921: George Waddell
    1934: Luke Fawcett
    1942: Harry Adams
    1953: Harry Weaver
# Beetle bank

In agriculture and horticulture, a beetle bank is a form of biological pest control. It is a strip, preferably raised, planted with grasses (bunch grasses) and/or perennial plants, within a crop field or a garden, that fosters and provides habitat for beneficial insects, birds, and other fauna that prey on pests.

## Usage

Beetle banks are typically made up from plants such as sunflowers, Vicia faba, Centaurea cyanus, coriander, borage, Muhlenbergia, Stipa, and buckwheats (Eriogonum spp.). Beetle banks are used to reduce or replace the use of insecticides, and can also serve as habitat for birds and beneficial rodents. For example, insects such as Chrysoperla carnea and the Ichneumon fly can prey on pests. The concept was developed by the Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust in collaboration with the University of Southampton.
Other important benefits can be providing habitat for pollinators and endangered species. If using local native plants, endemic and indigenous flora and fauna restoration ecology is supported.

## History of the term

According to a March 2005 draft entry for the Oxford English Dictionary, the term first came into use in the early 1990s, with published examples including the August 22, 1992 issue of the New Scientist and an October 12, 1994 reference in The Guardian society section:
    ‘Beetle banks’, a recent initiative by the Game Conservancy Trust, would also help encourage ground-nesting birds while creating cover for aphid-eating bugs with more pay-off in savings on aphicides.
# 1988 Chico State Wildcats football team

The 1988 Chico State Wildcats football team represented California State University, Chico as a member of the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC) during the 1988 NCAA Division II football season. Led by Mike Bellotti in his fifth and final season as head coach, Chico State compiled an overall record of 3–7 with a mark of 3–2 in conference play, tying for second place in the NCAC. The team was outscored by its opponents 231 to 205 for the season. The Wildcats played home games at University Stadium in Chico, California.
Bellotti finished his tenure as Chico State with an overall record of 21–25–2, for a .458 winning percentage. He left Chico State to become the offensive coordinator at the University of Oregon, and later served as head football coach, from 1995 to 2008.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | Santa Clara* | University StadiumChico, CA | L 16–25 | 4,000–4,127 |
| September 10 | Sacramento State* | University StadiumChico, CA | L 16–48 | 3,500 |
| September 17 | at UC Santa Barbara* | Harder StadiumSanta Barbara, CA | L 16–17 | 1,388 |
| September 24 | Emporia State* | University StadiumChico, CA | L 0–23 | 1,200 |
| October 1 | Saint Mary's* | University StadiumChico, CA | L 34–38 | 2,500 |
| October 8 | at Humboldt State | Redwood BowlArcata, CA | W 31–7 | 4,500 |
| October 22 | at San Francisco State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | W 31–9 | 300 |
| October 29 | Cal State Hayward | University StadiumChico, CA | W 38–14 | 500–1,200 |
| November 5 | Sonoma State | University StadiumChico, CA | L 10–14 | 1,500 |
| November 12 | at No. 13 UC Davis | Toomey FieldDavis, CA | L 13–36 | 7,400 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from NCAA Division II Football Committee Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Bradina chalinota

Bradina chalinota is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1886. It is found on the Solomon Islands.
# Kaokalam

Kaokalam is a village in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located 600 kilometres (372 miles) northwest of the capital, Port Moresby.

## History

In May 2024, the village was heavily affected by the 2024 Enga landslide.
# Pico, Virginia

Pico is an unincorporated community in Botetourt County, Virginia, United States.
# Basarrate (Bilbao metro)

Basarrate is a station on lines 1 and 2 of the Bilbao metro. The station is located in the neighborhood of Santutxu, in the district of Begoña, in Bilbao. The name of the station comes from the Campa de Basarrate (Spanish for 'Basarrate field'), as the station is located directly below it. It opened on 5 July 1997.

## Station layout

Basarrate station follows the typical cavern-shaped layout of most underground Metro Bilbao stations designed by Norman Foster, with the main hall located directly above the rail tracks.

### Access

* 3 Pintor Losada St. - Campa de Basarrate (Basarrate exit)
* Iturriaga St. and Marqués de Laurencín St. (Ascensor Iturriaga exit)

## Services

The station is served by line 1 from Etxebarri to Ibarbengoa and Plentzia, and by line 2 from Basauri to Kabiezes. The station is located in close proximity to a Bilbobus stop served by the San Ignacio-Txurdinaga (13) and Santutxu-Biribila Plaza (40) lines.
# Scaletti

Scaletti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carla Scaletti (born 1956), American harpist, composer, and music technologist
* Leonardo Scaletti (c. 1435 – before 1495), Italian painter
# Kunj-e-Qafas

Kunj-e-Qafas is a poetry book by Fawad Hasan Fawad. Fawad's poetry in Kunj-e-Qafas reflects on his transformation from a passionate public speaker in his youth to a prisoner of conscience at the pinnacle of his public service career, who was imprisoned for his commitment to transparency and the rule of law.
His poetry represents Pakistan's change over the last five decades, beginning with romantic self-belief and progressing to a yearning for freedom of expression and thinking in today's Pakistan. His rhymes follow Urdu traditions, drawing inspiration from Mirza Ghalib, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Ahmed Faraz, and Munir Niazi.
# Amalia Paoli

Amalia Paoli y Marcano (c. 1861–1941) was a Puerto Rican soprano. She was the sister of tenor Antonio Paoli and of Olivia Paoli, a suffragist and activist who fought for the rights of women.

## First years

Amalia Paoli was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico. She was the daughter of Domingo Paoli Marcatentti, born in Corsica, and Amalia Marcano Intriago, who was originally from Pampatar, Isla Margarita in Venezuela. Amalia Paoli's parents met in Caracas, and immediately fell in love; however, Amalia's father, a rich landlord, was opposed to the relationship because of class differences, therefore the young couple escaped to the Dominican Republic without getting married and later returned to Puerto Rico. The couple established themselves in the city of Yauco, but later moved into a house, given to them by Amalia's aunt, Teresa Intriago, located at one of the main arteries in the city of Ponce's urban core, Calle Mayor (Mayor Street), House No. 14. Ponce at the time was the financial and cultural capital of the island, thereby the ideal place for the initial cultural development of Paoli. In fact, his parents would often take her to operas at Ponce's Teatro La Perla located a block away from Paoli's residence.

## Debut

Paoli first broke into the public eye with performances at Teatro La Perla. In 1880, when only 19 years old, she performed at La Perla in Emilio Arrieta's opera Marina.

## Move to Europe

Paoli succeeded in catching the eye of what historian and Puerto Rico state historic preservation officer Juan Llanes Santos described as "well-connected people", who moved the young woman to Spain in 1883, where she auditioned for Isabel de Borbon. The sister of the King and Princess of Asturias, Isabel provided her patronage to Paoli, securing singing lessons for her from Napoleon Verger who was, according to Santos, "the most famous singing teacher at the time in Madrid, Napoleon Verger." Paoli immediately brought her younger siblings to live with her, and, in 1896, with the assistance of the royal family, secured a royal scholarship for her brother Antonio that would turn him into a world-renowned tenor.

## Later years and death

In the early 1920s, Paoli moved back to Puerto Rico where she founded a music school in Santurce called the Academia Paoli. There, she joined her sister in the Suffragist Social League; she and her sister were among a number of renowned women artists to do so.
Paoli died in 1941. She was buried at the Puerto Rico Memorial Cemetery in Carolina, Puerto Rico.

## Legacy

Paoli is recognized in Ponce at the Park of the Illustrious Ponce Citizens, and a street was named after her in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
# 1946–47 Istanbul Football League

The 1946–47 İstanbul Football League season was the 39th season of the league. Fenerbahçe SK won the league for the 11th time.

## Season

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Fenerbahçe SK | 14 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 33 | 14 | +19 | 35 |
| 2 | Vefa SK | 14 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 36 | 18 | +18 | 35 |
| 3 | Beşiktaş JK | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 38 | 14 | +24 | 34 |
| 4 | Galatasaray SK | 14 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 22 | +1 | 30 |
| 5 | Küçükçekmece SK | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 25 | 26 | −1 | 29 |
| 6 | Beykoz 1908 S.K.D. | 14 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 13 | 22 | −9 | 24 |
| 7 | Kasımpaşa SK | 14 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 22 | 23 | −1 | 21 |
| 8 | Beyoğlu SK | 14 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 12 | 53 | −41 | 16 |
# Bradina bicoloralis

Bradina bicoloralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in Myanmar.
# Sabalia jacksoni

Sabalia jacksoni is a moth in the family Brahmaeidae (older classifications placed it in Lemoniidae). It was described by Emily Mary Bowdler Sharpe in 1890.
# Bingham Springs, Oregon

Bingham Springs is an unincorporated community in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. It is about 8 miles (13 km) east of Gibbon in the Blue Mountains near the Umatilla River.
Bingham Springs was a station and tollgate on the Thomas and Ruckle stagecoach line through the Blue Mountains. The stage house was built in 1864. Alfred B. Meacham operated the station from 1867 to 1868. There was a post office at the locale named "Purdy" from 1881 until 1891, named after one of the early owners of the stage house. Later, the community had a Gibbon mailing address, and today it receives its mail through Adams.
Beginning in the late 19th century, Bingham Springs was the site of a popular hot spring resort. Today the hot mineral water is a feature of the pool at Bar M Ranch, a dude ranch founded in the 1940s that uses the historic stage house as its ranch house. Notable guests of the resort include President Calvin Coolidge and then-Secretary of State Herbert Hoover.

## Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bingham Springs has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.