OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victor Hammer (businessman)

Victor J. Hammer (November 1, 1901 – July 21, 1985) was a businessman, the founder and owner of Hammer Galleries in New York City, and a philanthropist.

## Early life and education

Hammer was born in New York City, to Ukrainian-born Jewish immigrants, Julius and Rose (née Lipshitz) Hammer. His father came to the United States from Odessa in the Russian Empire (today Ukraine) in 1875, and settled in The Bronx, where he ran a general medical practice and five drugstores. Victor Hammer attended Princeton University, where he graduated in 1921 with a degree in art history. His older brother was businessman Armand Hammer.

## Career

He was business partner of his brother Armand on several business ventures, including Hammer Galleries in New York City, founded in 1928 as a way to funnel profits made in the Soviet Union out of that country. At one point, British Intelligence believed Hammer Galleries was a front for Soviet Intelligence. The Hammer brothers had been in contact with Soviet authorities for a number of reasons, such as famine relief, as well as when the Soviets sought a buyer for the treasures of the Hermitage Museum as a way to earn hard currency. Victor was responsible for acquisitions for Hammer Galleries, including the so-called Romanov Treasures and Fabergé eggs. In 1937, Time described Victor and Armand as "Two of the most startling characters in the U.S. art world are the Brothers Armand and Victor Hammer, one with a medical degree, both friends of Soviet Russia."
According to Fabergé expert Geza von Habsburg, Victor stated that Stalin's trade commissar Anastas Mikoyan provided Fabergé hallmarking tools to his brother Armand to sell fakes. Victor stated a 1938 New York sale he ran with Armand, which grossed several million dollars, consisted of both genuine and faked items (called Fauxbergé by Habsburg), with commissions going back to Mikoyan.

## Philanthropy

Hammer was a philanthropist. Alongside his brothers Harry and Armand, he purchased the Roosevelt estate on Campobello Island in New Brunswick and donated it to the United States and Canada as the countries' first joint park, known as Roosevelt Campobello International Park.

## Personal life

Hammer's first wife, Barbara, was a performer of gypsy romances. In 1927, their son Armand was born. They divorced in 1928. Hammer's second wife was Ireene Wicker; they had a daughter: Nancy Hammer Eilan.
# Solomon Islands Labour Party

The Solomon Islands Labour Party was a political party in Solomon Islands. The party was founded in 1988 by the Solomon Islands Council of Trade Unions after the leadership of the union split. Joses Tuhanuku went on to lead the Labour Party, while Bartholomew Ulufa'alu led the Solomon Islands Liberal Party. Tuhanuku would be an MP for the party starting in 1989.
The party participated in government from 1993 until 1994 and then in the Solomon Islands Alliance for Change government from 1997 to 2000.
Tuhanuku lost his seat in 2006 and the party has contested no parliamentary elections since then.
# Poderi di Montemerano

Poderi di Montemerano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Manciano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 84.
Poderi di Montemerano is about 50 km from Grosseto and 4 km from Manciano, and it is situated along the Provincial Road which links Scansano to Manciano, at the foot of the hill of Montemerano. The village was born in the late 16th century as Poderi di Sotto, and it significantly developed in the 18th century.

## Main sights

* Santa Maria degli Angeli (20th century), main parish church of the village, it was built in 1955. Its architecture is inspired by the Romanesque style.
* Castelletto Santarelli, one of the oldest buildings in the village, it dates back to the 18th century.
# Hydroginella bullata

Hydroginella bullata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 4.65 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs off Fiji.
# Thursby (disambiguation)

Thursby may refer to

## Surname

* Admiral Sir Cecil Thursby (1861–1936), British Royal Navy officer
* Emma Cecilia Thursby (1845–1931), American singer
* Floyd Thursby, a fictional character in The Maltese Falcon (novel)
* Colonel Sir John Thursby, 1st Baronet (1826-1901), British landowner, Army officer and sportsman
* Brigadier Patrick Thursby (1922-1994), British Army officer

## Other uses

* Thursby, a village in north-western England
* Thursby Baronets, an extinct title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
# Cyber attribution

In the area of computer security, cyber attribution is an attribution of cybercrime, i.e., finding who perpetrated a cyberattack. Uncovering a perpetrator may give insights into various security issues, such as infiltration methods, communication channels, etc., and may help in enacting specific countermeasures. Cyber attribution is a costly endeavor requiring considerable resources and expertise in cyber forensic analysis.
Nissim Ben Saadon argues that the task of cyber attribution makes sense for major organizations: government agencies and major businesses in sensitive domains, such as healthcare and state infrastructures. However most small and medium businesses (SMB) gain little in "postmortem" identification of perpetrators. In BEn Saadon's opinion, it is unlikely that a particular SMB was specifically targeted; rather the incident was a crime of opportunity, exploiting a detected vulnerability, and with limited resources it is wiser to spend it on identifying the vulnerability in question and eliminating it.
For governments and other major players dealing with cybercrime would require not only technical solutions, but legal and political ones as well, and for the latter ones cyber attribution is crucial.$^{:xvii}$
Attributing a cyberattack is difficult, and of limited interest to companies that are targeted by cyberattacks. In contrast, secret services often have a compelling interest in finding out whether a state is behind the attack. A further challenge in attribution of cyberattacks is the possibility of a false flag attack, where the actual perpetrator makes it appear that someone else caused the attack. Every stage of the attack may leave artifacts, such as entries in log files, that can be used to help determine the attacker's goals and identity. In the aftermath of an attack, investigators often begin by saving as many artifacts as they can find, and then try to determine the attacker.
# Sébastien Mamerot

Sébastien Mamerot (between c. 1418 and 1440 – 1490) was a French clergyman, scholar, novelist, and translator.

## Biography

Originally from Soissons, Mamerot served as clergyman and secretary to Louis de Laval, governor of Dauphiné (1448–1458), Champagne (1465–1472) and Touraine (1483–1484), protégé and adviser to King Louis XI.
In 1460, he became chaplain. From July 1472 to August 1478, he was a canon and cantor at the Collegiate Church of Saint-Étienne in Troyes.
In 1466, he wrote Romuléon, based on translating the original Romuleon, a work commissioned by Louis de Laval.
In 1472, Louis de Laval asked his clergyman and secretary, Mamerot, to write a chronicle of the Crusades. That work, entitled Passages d'outremer, was a collection of various stories, from the legendary conquest of Jerusalem by Charlemagne to the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 and Siege of Constantinople (1394–1402). Later on, another text was added to the beginning of the manuscript, a French translation of a letter written by Sultan Bayezid II to King Charles VIII, which was sent from Constantinople on July 4, 1488.
In 1488, based on his own impressions of a trip to the Levant, he compiled the Compendieuse Description de la Terre de Promision.

## Works

* Cronicques martiniennes (Martinian Chronicles) (1458), translation and extension of Martin of Opava's universal chronicle written in 1277, which presents the history of popes and emperors.
* Histoire des neuf preus et des neuf preues (1460), a continuation of the Nine Worthies.
* Romuléon (1466), translation into French of the Latin Romuleon by Benvenuto Rambaldi da Imola, a collection of stories about the history of Rome.
* Les trois grands (before 1472), a humanist tract comparing the three "greats", Alexander, Pompey and Charlemagne.
* L'ordre des règnes et régnons de France (19 April 1474), a list of French kings and queens.
* Passages faiz oultre mer par les François contre les Turcqs et autres Sarrazins et Mores oultre marins (Overseas campaigns of the French against the Turks, Saracens and Moors), usually known simply as the Passages d'outremer (circa 1474–1475), illustrated manuscript, which contains 66 miniatures, made by Jean Colombe.
* Compendieuse description de la terre de promision (A Brief Description of the Promised Land) (1488), written following the results of the author's pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
# Sibble

Sibble is a locality situated in Botkyrka Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 309 inhabitants in 2010.
# Podzaldów

Podzaldów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwaniska, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Iwaniska, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Opatów, and 49 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Pokigron

Pokigron is a town in Suriname located on the Upper Suriname River near the Brokopondo Reservoir. It is located in the Boven Suriname municipality (resort) in the Sipaliwini District. It has a population of approximately 400 people in 2018. Pokigron is located at the end of a paved road via Brownsweg to the Avobakaweg. Pokigron is often referred to as Atjoni which is the nearby quay, and literally the end of the road. Villages to the South of Pokigron have to be accessed by boat. The village is home to Maroons of the Saramaka tribe.
Nearby towns and villages include Wittiehede Ston (19.6 nm), Mofina (15.6 nm), Wittikamba (1.4 nm), Malrosee-Kondre (5.1 nm) and Abenaston (3.0 nm).

## History

Pokigron was, up to 1986, a village with a population of 700, and reasonably prosperous as the main transport hub to the south of the country. Many of the typical huts with thatched roofs had been replaced by houses, and the village even had street lights. This changed on 23 April 1987. The Surinamese Interior War which had started far away in Albina and Moengotapoe the previous year, had come to Sipaliwini. The Jungle Commando headed by Ronnie Brunswijk ordered the villagers into the jungle, robbed them of their possessions, and burned their houses. On 11 September 1987, the National Army led by Dési Bouterse retaliated by attacking the Jungle Commando, and according to a report by Aide Médicale Internationale, killed civilians including women and children. Both parties have denied that any civilians had been killed. On 27 September 1989, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights looked into the matter, declared that this constituted a very serious violation of the Right to Life, recommended that the Government of Suriname investigate the matter, and that the relatives of the victims are entitled to fair compensation. The IACHR identified 15 cases of deaths, four disappearances and one was unclear. Six of the cases were children, and three were women of which one was raped before she was killed. In October 1993, the IACHR sentenced the Government of Suriname to pay $400,000 (~$761,926 in 2023) in damages to the victims.
A group of civilians from Pokigron following the incidents squatted in a terrain near Paramaribo, and have named their camp Sunny Point. It is located in Koewarasan, Wanica.
As of 3 February 2018, the village of Pokigron now has 24 hours of electricity, because the Diesel generators could only provide for 5 to 6 hours.

## Healthcare

Pokigron is home to a Medische Zending healthcare centre.
# Idrisu Lawal Muhammadu

Idrisu Lawal Muhammadu is a Nigerian politician and House of Representatives member for Ajaokuta Federal Constituency Kogi State.
# Idrissia

Idrissia is a primitive genus of the order Stomiiformes, and is an extinct relative of marine hatchetfish and viperfish. Idrissia's position in the order is in doubt, however, as scientists have not studied enough fossil specimens to determine exactly which stomiiforms the genus is most closely related to.
Their fossils are found in regions in northern Africa and Eurasia that correspond to the Tethys Ocean, and range from the Cenomanian epoch of the Cretaceous to the Lower Eocene, when they disappear from the fossil record altogether.
In life, Idrissia species would have had a superficial resemblance to a small-eyed lanternfish or a minnow.
# West Gippsland Hospital

West Gippsland Hospital is a regional hospital in Warragul, Victoria, first established in 1888 on land donated by a local resident, Mary Sargeant.
The current hospital is an 83-bed facility with an additional 60 beds available in the adjoining Cooinda Lodge Nursing Home.
# Poggenburg

Poggenburg may refer to:
* André Poggenburg
* Justus Ferdinand Poggenburg (disambiguation)
* German name of Żabikowo, Luboń
# West Indian Gazette

West Indian Gazette (WIG) was a newspaper founded in March 1958 in Brixton, London, England, by Trinidadian communist & black nationalist activist Claudia Jones (1915–1964). The title as displayed on its masthead was subsequently expanded to West Indian Gazette And Afro-Asian Caribbean News. WIG is widely considered to have been Britain's first major commercial black newspaper. Jones, who originally worked on its development with Amy Ashwood Garvey, was its editor. WIG lasted until 1965, but always struggled financially, closing eight months and four editions after Claudia Jones's death.

## History

Started as a monthly, the West Indian Gazette quickly gained a circulation of 15,000. The offices of the newspaper were located in the centre of the then developing Caribbean community in south London, at 250 Brixton Road, above Theo Campbell's record shop.

## Impact

Carole Boyce Davies, biographer of Claudia Jones, ascribes to the West Indian Gazette "a foundational role in developing the Caribbean diaspora in London". According to Donald Hinds, who worked as a journalist on WIG: "It was not merely a vehicle to bring the news of what was happening back home and in the diaspora to Britain. It also commented on the arts in all their forms.... It published poems and stories. Its trenchant editorials did not stop at Britain but had an opinion on the what, where and why of the cold war's hot spots."
As "a vehicle for the development of a shared identity among West Indian migrants in Britain" (publishing, for example, Jan Carew's article "What is a West Indian?" in April 1959), the paper addressed issues including racial discrimination in Britain, anti-colonial struggles in Africa, and federalism in the Caribbean. Among its contributors was George Lamming, who in an article in February 1962 wrote of his realisation that because of the British class system "almost two-thirds of the population ... were in a colonial relation to the culture and traditions which were called England", at which point his own process of decolonisation began.
Jones herself, in her last published essay, "The Caribbean Community in Britain", said of WIG: "The newspaper has served as a catalyst, quickening the awareness, socially and politically, of West Indians, Afro-Asians and their friends. Its editorial stand is for a united, independent West Indies, full economic, social and political equality and respect for human dignity for West Indians and Afro-Asians in Britain, and for peace and friendship between all Commonwealth and world peoples."
Describing the newspaper as "a critical resource through which black British political consciousness emerged during the early 1960s", University of Manchester historian Tariq Chastanet-Hird notes: "In developing a shared culture among migrants, fighting local racial discrimination and constructing transnational linkages, the paper was unrestricted in its ambitions."
# Poecilasthena dimorpha

Poecilasthena dimorpha is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in New Caledonia.
# Leask Airport

Leask Airport (TC LID: CJH8) is located adjacent to Leask, Saskatchewan, Canada.
# Verbenol

Verbenol (2-pine-4-ol) is a group of stereoisomeric bicyclic monoterpene alcohols. These compounds have been found to be active components of insect pheromones and essential oils.

## Isomers

Four stereoisomers of verbenol are known. For the cis isomer, the two methyl groups (-CH$_3$) are on the same side of the carbon ring as the hydroxy group (-OH), and for the trans isomer, they are on the opposite sides. Again, there are enantiomers of each form that exhibit optical activity, that is, turn the plane of linearly polarized light as it passes through the substance or its solution. trans-Verbenol is a mountain pine beetle pheromone that attracts insects to a tree. cis-Verbenol is an aggregation pheromone of Ips typographus and Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins.

## Enantiomeric composition

Typically, verbenol and related cyclic monoterpenes are available as non‐racemic mixtures of their enantiomers. There are methods to increase enantiomeric excess (optical purity) of verbenol and to isolate individual enantiomers.
# Liga Indonesia U-23

Liga Indonesia U-23 is a junior level league involving U-23 team of participating clubs in the Liga Indonesia. Building and managing a complete U-23 team is one of the requirements for clubs participating in the Liga Indonesia, as regulated by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI).

## Competition format

Unlike the regular competition tournament competition using the system. Competition begins with the provision at the provincial level. Then the best teams will compete at the regional level. After that the degree competisi national level, the four best teams advanced to the Final round.
The final round was held with a league system with a home tournament. One of the four participants of the competition will host this round. The first ranked team to be champions of this competition.
# Retention schedule

A retention schedule is a listing of organizational information types, or series of information in a manner which facilitates the understanding and application of the identified and approved retention period, and other information retention aspects.

## Purpose

Retention schedules are an important aspect of records management. Many organizations are subject to rules and regulations (at the local, state or federal level) that govern for how long they are required to keep records before they can safely dispose of them. Holding onto records for longer than required can expose the organization to unnecessary liability, since such records are discoverable during lawsuits.

## Basic information

* Record/series title (name)
* Description of information within record/series
* Approved retention period
* Appropriate security requirements
* Appropriate destruction method

## Further items for schedule consideration

* Location of retention
* Date record type/series approved
* Responsible group/office/person(s) of record
* Remarks related to record/series
* Series number applied to a specific record/series
# İcikli, Şuhut

İcikli is a village in the Şuhut District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 444 (2021).
# Jirō Dan

Jiro Dan (団 時朗, Dan Jirō, January 30, 1949 – March 22, 2023) was a Japanese actor, singer, and model best known for his role as Hideki Go/Ultraman Jack in The Return of Ultraman, making guest appearances in subsequent Ultraman productions as well. His real name was Hideo Murata (村田 秀雄). He was born in Kyoto and graduated from Heian High School.

## Illness and death

In 2017, Jiro was diagnosed with lung cancer. He died on March 22, 2023, at the age of 74.

## Selected filmography
### Films

* 1983 - Daijōbu, My Friend
* 1995 - Zero Woman
* 1997 - Ultraman Zearth 2
* 2006 - Ultraman Mebius & Ultraman Brothers – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 2008 – Superior Ultraman 8 Brothers – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 2009 – Mega Monster Battle: Ultra Galaxy – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 2010 – Ultraman Zero: The Revenge of Belial – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 2012 – Ultraman Saga – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 2016 – What a Wonderful Family! II
* 2018 – Nisekoi – Adelt Wogner Kirisaki

### Television

* 1971, 1972 – The Return of Ultraman – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 1972 – Ultraman Ace – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 1972 – Wild 7
* 1973, 1974 – Ultraman Taro – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 1974, 1975 – Super Robot Mach Baron
* 1974 – Ultraman Leo – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 1975, 1976 – Shounen Tanteidan BD7
* 1981, 1982 – Robot 8-chan
* 1982, 1983 – Batten Robomaru
* 1984 – Nebula Mask Machine Man
* 1990 – La Belle Fille Masquée Poitrine
* 1996, 1997 – Godzilla Island – G-Guard Commander
* 2002 – Ninpuu Sentai Hurricaneger – Ikki Kasumi
* 2006, 2007 – Ultraman Mebius – Hideki Go / Ultraman Jack
* 2012 – MONSTERS
* 2012 – Perfect Blue
* 2015 – Hamon
* 2016 – Doctor X
* 2019 – Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger - Elder
* 2021 – Tada Rikon Shitenai Dake – Toshimichi Kakino
# Jinshanling

40°40′35″N 117°14′40″E﻿ / ﻿40.67639°N 117.24444°E﻿ / 40.67639; 117.24444
Jinshanling (simplified Chinese: 金山岭; traditional Chinese: 金山嶺; pinyin: Jīnshānlǐng) is a section of the Great Wall of China located in the mountainous area in Luanping County, Chengde, Hebei Province, 125 km (78 miles) northeast of Beijing. This section of the wall is connected with the Simatai section to the east. Some distance to the west lies the Mutianyu section. Jinshanling was built from 1570 CE during the Ming dynasty.

## Description

The Jinshanling section of the Great Wall is 10.5 km (6.5 miles) long with 5 passes, 67 towers and 3 beacon towers. The initial section of the wall has been restored to original condition, but the condition of the wall deteriorates towards its natural state as it approaches Simatai. The entrance fee is 65 RMB. A cable car (40 RMB) has been constructed to take visitors to the highest point along the wall. There is an additional admission charge of 50 RMB to continue on to the Simatai section, and a 5 RMB fee to cross the suspension bridge.

## Gallery

* Jinshanling
* View of Great Wall at Jinshanling, in the early morning
* Jinshanling
* Jinshanling section of the Great Wall of China
* Jinshanling
* Jinshanling section (facing west)
* Jinshanling section (facing east)
# Jim Reeder (American football tackle)

James William Reeder (September 5, 1919 – April 18, 1965) was an American football player. He played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini football team from 1938 to 1939 and was selected by both the All-America Board and the Walter Camp Football Foundation as a first-team tackle on the 1939 College Football All-America Team. He was invited to play in the East–West Shrine Game, but he declined to participate so that he could focus on his studies. In December 1939, Reeder was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 1940 NFL draft (189th pick), but Reeder stated at the time that he did not intend to play professional football unless he received a reasonable offer.
# 白山駅

白山駅 is the name of several train stations in Japan:
* Hakusan Station (Niigata)
* Hakusan Station (Tokyo)
* Shirayama Station
# 皇帝 (disambiguation)

皇帝, meaning Emperor of China, may refer to:
* Kōtei, Japanese thoroughbred racehorse, Symboli Rudolf’s nickname
* Kōtei, Kenichi Tahara the lead guitar of Japanese band Mr. Children.’s nickname
* Mikado Sumeragi (皇 帝), Japanese voice actor who cast in Japanese adult visual novels Da Capo II and Hoshiuta
# 眉

眉 is a Chinese character in Chinese culture, may refer to:
* in the Mandarin for "eyebrows"
** Sun Mei (孫眉), Chinese revolutionary statesman Sun Yat-sen's elder brother
* miz, in the Sawndip form for "to have"
# 白 (disambiguation)

白 is Kangxi Radical 106.
白 may also refer to:
* Bai (surname), Chinese surname
* Baek, Korean surname
* Bai people, ethnic group in China