OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Belonogaster juncea

Belonogaster juncea is a typical quasisocial paper wasp from sub-saharan Africa and south-western Asia. It is the type species for the genus Belonogaster.

## Breeding

The nest is similar in form to that of the Polistes paper wasp's nest and is started in a similar way. However, as B. juncea is quasisocial no foundress wasp becomes a dominant queen and all foundresses are full egg-layers, as are any daughters which can mate with males and then join the nest working and laying alongside their mothers. In Cameroon, B. juncea juncea mostly nests in buildings, but nests nave been constructed in the shelter of large boulders. Nests were started throughout the year either by a single female or by groups of two to eight females. Predation and disease meant that only half of the colonies in one study produced at least one adult offspring, and only 10% were able to produce males from the 15% that managed to rear any sexual individuals.

## Queen succession

When the original foundress disappears the remaining females fight for dominance, leading to a reduction in breeding success. Almost half of the surviving nests are then abandoned and the average colony lasts about seven months. In a small minority of nests, some females remained on the nest and began a new colonial cycle illustrating semi-independence between colony and nesting cycles. The maximum number of successive cycles to be completed in the same nest was four. The queens of B. juncea therefore demonstrate serial polygyny.

## Behavioural roles

Studies of B. juncea have discerned four behavioural roles for individual adult wasps in a colony. Reproduction is reserved to one individual and the "workers"’ are divided into foragers, builders and guards. The foragers are females that spend the majority of their time foraging to supply the nest with prey and water. Builders are individuals that will bring wood pulp to the nest and then use it to repair or expand the nest. Guards are those females that spend most of their time being inactive on the nest to defend it and its contents from threats.

## Distribution

It ranges through most of Africa south of the Sahara, from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in East Africa and south to South Africa, including the island of Zanzibar. It also occurs in Asia as far east as India.

## Subspecies

There are two subspecies described.
* Belonogaster juncea colonialis Kohl, 1894
* Belonogaster juncea juncea (Fabricius, 1781)
# Terry Charman

Terry Charman (29 July 1950 – 15 February 2019) was an historian and curator at the Imperial War Museum and author.
He was born at Kingston upon Thames and educated at Kingston Grammar School and then the University of Reading. After a brief career in banking he joined the Imperial War Museum as an historian. He died of cancer and joked that during his illness he had had more morphine than Hermann Goering.

## Selected publications

* The German Home Front 1939-45 (1989)
* Outbreak: The World Goes to War (2010)
* The First World War on the Home Front (2014)
# Battle of the Mincio River

The Battle of the Mincio River may refer to two battles on the Mincio River in northern Italy, both between a French army and an Austrian army commanded by Heinrich Graf von Bellegarde during the Napoleonic Wars:
* Battle of the Mincio River (1800) (also known as the Battle of Pozzolo), which occurred during the War of the Second Coalition
* Battle of the Mincio River (1814), which occurred during the War of the Sixth Coalition
# Rodriguesophis chui

Rodriguesophis chui is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Brazil.
# Level Run, Virginia

Level Run is an unincorporated community in Pittsylvania County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Limmo Peninsula

The Limmo Peninsula is an area of Canning Town in the London Borough of Newham in London's East End. It lies on the east bank of Bow Creek at the mouth of the River Lea near Leamouth.

## Etymology

Created in the 1990s, the nearby Bow Creek Ecology Park was formerly known as the Limmo Peninsula Ecological Park.

## History

The site was used as construction staging for the Jubilee Line Extension in the 1990s and the Docklands Light Railway extension to City Airport in the 2000s, before being used as the primary work site for the eastbound tunnel boring machines for Crossrail in the 2010s. Archaeologists working on the Crossrail site in 2012 uncovered remains of the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company.
In 2018, Sadiq Khan announced that, following the completion of Crossrail works in 2018, the 12-acre site would be developed for housing – with over 1,500 new homes. The site is currently owned by Transport for London, with income from the project reinvested into the transport system.

## Geography

It is located to the west of Canning Town. The River Lea forms an 'S' shape bend with the Leamouth Peninsula surrounded by Newham on three sides and connected to Tower Hamlets to the south.
# Jyotii Sethi

Jyotii Sethi, is an Indian actress. She debuted in Telugu cinema with the film Where Is Vidya Balan, with Prince Cecil. She first gained recognition from Punjabi music video with Gippy Grewal, and a short film with Ammy Virk. She debuted in Bollywood with the film Phullu and her acting was highly appreciated by the critics.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Note |
| 2015 | Where Is Vidya Balan | Swati | Telugu | Telugu debut |
| 2016 | Missing on a Weekend | Reeha Banerjee | Hindi | |
| 2017 | Happy Birthday | | Telugu | |
| 2017 | Phullu | Bigani | Hindi | |
| 2018 | Carry on Jatta 2 | Daljeet | Punjabi | |
| Post-Production | DNA Mein Gandhiji | Rachna | Hindi | |
# Justice Manual

The Justice Manual (known before 2018 as the United States Attorneys' Manual) is a looseleaf text designed as a quick and ready reference for United States Attorneys and other employees of the United States Department of Justice responsible for the prosecution of violations of federal law. It contains general policies and guidance relevant to the work of the United States Attorneys' offices and to their relations with the legal divisions, investigative agencies, and other components within the Department of Justice.
The Manual is an internal document of the Department of Justice, and as such, does not have the force of law. It is updated periodically in much the same way as commercial looseleaf services are. New hard copies of the manual are issued annually to the department's attorneys. It is also available online.

## History

The last comprehensive update of the manual was in 2018, the first major revision in more than two decades. At the same time, the manual was renamed the Justice Manual. Two controversial changes in the revision were the removals of sections regarding press freedom and racial gerrymandering.

## Organization

The Justice Manual is divided into nine titles:
* Organization and Functions
* Appeals
* Executive Office for United States Attorneys
* Civil
* Environment and Natural Resources Division
* Tax
* Antitrust
* Civil Rights
* Criminal
Each title has a corresponding Resource Manual that includes copies of policies, form letters, and other documents.
# Belgium at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

Belgium competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, United Kingdom, 4–13 August 2017.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Event | Date |
| Gold | Nafissatou Thiam | Heptathlon | 6 August |

## Results
### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Jonathan Borlée | 400 metres | 45.70 | 20 q | 45.23 | 16 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Kevin Borlée | 400 metres | 45.09 | 11 Q | 45.10 | 11 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ismael Debjani | 1500 metres | 3:43.71 | 22 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Bashir Abdi | 5000 metres | 13:30.71 | 19 | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Soufiane Bouchikhi | 5000 metres | 13:28.64 | 11 | — | — | | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Abdelhadi El Hachimi | Marathon | — | — | — | — | DNF | – |
| Robin Vanderbemden Jonathan Borlée Dylan Borlée Kevin Borlée | 4 × 400 metres relay | 2:59.47 SB | 3 Q | — | — | 3:00.04 | 4 |

#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Arnaud Art | Pole vault | 5.60 | 9 q | NH | – |
| Philip Milanov | Discus throw | 63.16 | 14 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Combined events – Decathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100 m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400 m | 110H | DT | PV | JT | 1500 m | Final | Rank |
| Thomas Van der Plaetsen | Result | 11.35 | 7.09 | 13.03 | 1.96 | DNS | – | – | – | – | – | DNF | – |
| Thomas Van der Plaetsen | Points | 784 | 835 | 669 | 767 | 0 | | | | | | DNF | – |

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Eline Berings | 100 metres hurdles | 13.35 | 33 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Anne Zagré | 100 metres hurdles | 12.97 | 15 Q | 13.34 | 24 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Nafissatou Thiam | High jump | DNS | – | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Fanny Smets | Pole vault | 4.20 | 20 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Combined events – Heptathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100H | HJ | SP | 200 m | LJ | JT | 800 m | Final | Rank |
| Hanne Maudens | Result | 14.47 | 1.77 | 11.80 | 25.43 | 6.15 | 35.44 | 2:12.87 | 5749 | 23 |
| Hanne Maudens | Points | 850 | 941 | 648 | 848 | 896 | 580 | 923 | 5749 | 23 |
| Nafissatou Thiam | Result | 13.54 | 1.95 | 15.17 | 24.57 | 6.57 | 53.93 | 2:21.42 | 6784 | |
| Nafissatou Thiam | Points | 1044 | 1171 | 872 | 927 | 1030 | 936 | 804 | 6784 | |
# Tetragonoderus dispar

Tetragonoderus dispar is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It was described by Peringuey in 1892.
# Pardinho River (Minas Gerais)

The Pardinho River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.
# 1975 Indian Open

The 1975 Indian Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Calcutta in India. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 17 November through 23 November 1975. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized in Group A. Second-seeded Vijay Amritraj won the singles title, his second at the event after 1973.

## Finals
### Singles

Vijay Amritraj defeated Manuel Orantes 7–5, 6–3
* It was Amritraj's 2nd singles title of the year and the 6th of his career.

### Doubles

Juan Gisbert / Manuel Orantes defeated Anand Amritraj / Vijay Amritraj 1–6, 6–4, 6–3
# Rodriguesophis iglesiasi

Rodriguesophis iglesiasi, also known commonly as Gomes' pampas snake or Gomes's pampas snake, is a species of snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Brazil.

## Etymology

The specific name, iglesias, is in honor of Brazilian zoologist Francisco Iglesias.

## Geographic range

R. iglesiasi is found in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Tocantins.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of R. iglesiasi are grassland, shrubland, and savanna.

## Description

A small snake, R. iglesiasi may attain a total length (including tail) of 51.7 cm (20.4 in).
Dorsally, it is reddish with a black nuchal blotch. Ventrally, it is pinkish white. The rostral is spatulate, but not upturned. The iris of the eye is black.

## Behavior

R. iglesiasi is terrestrial.

## Diet

R. iglesiasi preys predominately upon lizards.

## Reproduction

R. iglesiasi is oviparous. Clutch size is small, usually only two eggs.
# Les Productions Rivard

Les Productions Rivard is an independent film and television production company based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It was founded in 1995 by Louis Paquin and Charles Lavack. Together, their goal was to produce television and film productions in French for the Canadian and international market.
The company took its name from Father Léon Rivard, the first French filmmaker in Western Canada.

## Filmography

With the Eyes of an Angel (2005) (TV)
Building an Icon: The Story of the Provencher Bridge (2005) (TV)
"Canada à la carte" (2002)
"Unique au monde" (2000)
# Lindsay Gilbee

Lindsay Gilbee (born 8 July 1981) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was selected by the Bulldogs in the 3rd round of the 1999 National AFL Draft with pick 43 after playing for the Eastern Ranges in the TAC Cup. He retired after the 2012 season. Gilbee currently serves as a development coach at the St Kilda Football Club.
Known as one of the best kicks in the AFL, Gilbee rejected offers to trial in the United States to become an American football punter.
In 2019, Gilbee's family discovered that his maternal grandmother was an Indigenous woman from the Booandik people, who was raised in fostercare, after her mother died within weeks of childbirth.

## Statistics

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) |
| Season | Team | No. | Games | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 2001 | Western Bulldogs | 29 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 42 | 30 | 72 | 26 | 5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 8.0 | 2.9 | 0.6 |
| 2002 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 16 | 7 | 10 | 121 | 76 | 197 | 62 | 18 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 12.3 | 3.9 | 1.1 |
| 2003 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 105 | 70 | 175 | 53 | 21 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 12.5 | 3.8 | 1.5 |
| 2004 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 119 | 71 | 190 | 48 | 16 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 9.9 | 5.9 | 15.8 | 4.0 | 1.3 |
| 2005 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 22 | 21 | 5 | 329 | 126 | 455 | 108 | 38 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 15.0 | 5.7 | 20.7 | 4.9 | 1.7 |
| 2006 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 24 | 9 | 9 | 324 | 183 | 507 | 121 | 32 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 13.5 | 7.6 | 21.1 | 5.0 | 1.3 |
| 2007 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 19 | 11 | 6 | 270 | 103 | 373 | 94 | 31 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 14.2 | 5.4 | 19.6 | 4.9 | 1.6 |
| 2008 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 24 | 14 | 8 | 352 | 157 | 509 | 112 | 24 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 14.7 | 6.5 | 21.2 | 4.7 | 1.0 |
| 2009 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 24 | 24 | 12 | 340 | 169 | 509 | 113 | 45 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 14.2 | 7.0 | 21.2 | 4.7 | 1.9 |
| 2010 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 25 | 7 | 9 | 352 | 171 | 523 | 139 | 48 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 14.1 | 6.8 | 20.9 | 5.6 | 1.9 |
| 2011 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 130 | 70 | 200 | 50 | 30 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 10.0 | 5.4 | 15.4 | 3.8 | 2.3 |
| 2012 | Western Bulldogs | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 41 | 31 | 72 | 19 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 18.0 | 4.8 | 0.8 |
| Career | Career | Career | 206 | 119 | 66 | 2525 | 1257 | 3782 | 945 | 311 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 12.3 | 6.1 | 18.4 | 4.6 | 1.5 |
# Just in Case We'll Never Meet Again (Soundtrack for the Cassette Generation)

Just in case we'll never meet again (soundtrack for the cassette generation) is an album by Italian rock band Klimt 1918, released in June 2008. It takes a further step forward in forging Klimt 1918's unique signature sound, leaving completely behind its former metal roots and drawing heavily from post-rock and indie, while maintaining strong new wave influences and the soothing melancholy typically found in the band's works.

## Track listing

* "The Breathtaking Days (Via Lactea)" – 3:40
* "Skygazer" – 4:45
* "Ghost Of A Tape Listener" – 4:39
* "The Graduate" – 5:58
* "Just An Interlude In Your Life" – 5:27
* "Just In Case We’ll Never Meet Again" – 3:47
* "Suspense Music" – 4:02
* "Disco Awayness" – 4:06
* "Atget" – 4:56
* "All Summer Long" – 4:33
* "True Love Is The Oldest Fear" – 4:14

## Personnel

* Marco Soellner – vocals, guitar
* Francesco Conte – guitar
* Davide Pesola– bass
* Paolo Soellner – drums
# Kennebec Bridge

Kennebec Bridge may refer to these bridges crossing the Kennebec River:
* Kennebec Memorial Bridge (Augusta, Maine)
* Maine Kennebec Bridge (Richmond-Dresden, Maine)
* Pearl Harbor Remembrance Bridge (Gardiner-Randolph, Maine)
* Calumet Bridge at Old Fort Western (Augusta, Maine)
* Sagadahoc Bridge (Bath-Woolwich, Maine)
# Belgium at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

Belgium competed at the 2018 Winter Paralympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, held from 9 to 18 March 2018.

## Administration

Olek Kazimirowski served as Chef de Mission.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Bronze | Eléonor Sana Guide: Chloé Sana | Alpine skiing | Women's downhill, visually impaired | 10 March |

## Team members

Two Belgian athletes are selected for the 2018 Games.

### Alpine skiing

Men
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Final/Total | Final/Total | Final/Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Diff | Rank | Time | Diff | Rank | Time | Diff | Rank |
| Jasper Balcaen | Slalom | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1:53.94 | +17.83 | 15 |
| Jasper Balcaen | Giant slalom | | | | | | | | | |
* Jasper Balcaen (classification: LW9-1; already competed at the 2014 Winter Paralympics)
Women
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 3 | Run 3 | Total | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Diff | Rank | Time | Diff | Rank | Time | Diff | Rank | Time | Diff | Rank |
| Eléonor Sana | Downhill, visually impaired | 1:36.96 | +5.46 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1:31.60 | +1.88 | |
| Eléonor Sana | Super-G, visually impaired | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1:36.00 | +5.83 | 4 |
* Eléonor Sana (classification: B2; debut; guided by her sister Chloé Sana)
# Tetragonoderus fasciatus

Tetragonoderus fasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It was described by Haldeman in 1843.
# Pardini

Pardini is an Italian surname, and may refer to:

## People

Notable people with the surname include:
* A. J. Pardini (1932–2011), American politician
* Julio César Pardini (born 1984), Mexican footballer
* Lou Pardini (born 1952), American singer-songwriter
* Olivier Pardini (born 1985), Belgian cyclist
* Stefano Pardini (born 1975), Italian footballer

## Companies

* Pardini Arms, Italian firearms manufacturer
# Jong Nederland

Jong Nederland is a Catholic youth organization in the Netherlands. Jong Nederland is a member of the Catholic umbrella of youth organizations "Fimcap".

## History

Jong Nederland was founded on the sixth of December 1944, right after the southern provinces of the Netherlands were freed of the Nazi occupation. The purpose was to create an organisation for all Catholic youth in the Netherlands and to unite all the different Catholic youth organisations that had existed before the war and that were forbidden after 1941. Not all Catholic Youth Organisations joined Jong Nederland. However, for a long time Jong Nederland was the most important Catholic Youth organisation in the Netherlands.

## Organization

Jong Nederland is structured in the following sections (based on age-groups):
| Age group | Name of section |
| 4 – 5 years | "Minioren" |
| 6 – 9 years | "Maxioren" |
| 10 - 12 years | "Junioren" |
| 13 - 15 years | "Senioren" |
| 16 - 18 years | "16-plussers" (not in all local groups) |
| 18 years and older | "Leiding" (leaders) |
# Australian Braford

The Australian Braford is a breed of beef cattle, developed in Queensland between 1946 and 1952 in a program to produce cattle that were resistant to cattle ticks and tolerated the heat better than some other breeds.
The Braford breed originated at ‘Edengarry’ north of Rockhampton in Queensland in 1946 when the Rea Brothers introduced Brahman bulls into their Hereford breeders to help combat the effects of drought and ticks.
Brafords have a small hump, loose skin and a short coat that is red and white, possessing a colour pattern similar to that of Hereford cattle. Australian Brafords may be horned or polled. The genetic background of the breed is approximately 50 per cent Hereford and 50 per cent Brahman.
Brafords are mainly found in NSW and Queensland Australia. Braford semen has been exported into South America and South Africa. Live cattle exports have been made into Indonesia and Thailand.
# Lincoln Institute

Lincoln Institute may refer to:
* Abraham Lincoln Institute, Maryland, US
* Lincoln Institute (Kentucky), a former high school near Louisville, US
* Lincoln Institute of Health Sciences, now part of La Trobe University in Melbourne as of 1987
* Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, a think tank in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
* Lincoln Institute (Missouri), now Lincoln University, Missouri, US
# Józef Chlebowczyk

Józef Chlebowczyk (19 January 1924 – 14 August 1985) was a Polish historian.

## Biography

Chlebowczyk was born in Karviná as a son of Augustyn Chlebowczyk, local administrative worker. He graduated from Juliusz Słowacki Polish Grammar School in Orlová and later from the Main School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw. In 1961 he gained a Ph.D. In 1966 he passed his habilitation. In 1977 Chlebowczyk gained the title of professor. Since 1968 he worked in Silesian Institute in Katowice and lectured at the Silesian University.
He focused on the history of Cieszyn Silesia and nationalist movements in Central Europe.
He died on 14 August 1985 in Sozopol, at the age of 61. He was considered as an outstanding Polish historian.

## Works

* Główne problemy i etapy stosunków polsko-czeskich na Śląsku Cieszyńskim w XIX i na początku XX wieku (do r. 1914) (1961)
* Wybory do organów przedstawicielskich na Śląsku Cieszyńskim w 1848 r.: przyczynek do badań nad kształtowaniem się świadomości i aktywności społecznej w okresie kapitalizmu (1964)
* Wybory i świadomość społeczna na Śląsku Cieszyńskim w drugiej połowie XIX w. (1966)
* Nad Olzą (Śląsk Cieszyński w wiekach XVIII, XIX i XX) (1971)
* Karol Śliwka - i jego towarzysze walki (1972)
* Procesy narodotwórcze we wschodniej Europie Środkowej w dobie kapitalizmu (1975)
* Między dyktatem, realiami a prawem do samostanowienia: prawo do samookreślenia i problem granic we wschodniej Europie Środkowej w pierwszej wojnie światowej oraz po jej zakończeniu (1988)
# Phil Haralson

Philip H. Haralson (November 3, 1851, Macon, Georgia - March 1934, Atlanta) was an American lawyer. At one time he headed up the Committee on Manufactures and Statistics. and at another went into real estate investment in Cuba. He married Mary E. Morris in 1881. Haralson had his mansion in the Inman Park neighborhood of Atlanta. He was buried in Oakland Cemetery.