OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mikael Gam

Mikael Gam (1901–1982) was a Danish educator and independent politician. After working as a teacher and school administrator in Greenland he became a member of the Danish Parliament in 1960 and served in the post until 1960. During the same period he was the minister for Greenland.

## Biography

Gam was born in Sinding near Silkeborg on 14 February 1901. He was a teacher by training and settled in Greenland in 1925. There he worked as a teacher and was a school administrator from 1950 to 1960. He was elected to the Parliament on 15 November 1960. He represented the North Greenland at the Parliament. His parliamentary term ended on 22 September 1964. He was appointed minister for Greenland in the cabinet led by Prime President Viggo Kampmann on 18 November 1960. Gam continued to serve as minister of Greenland in the next cabinet formed by Jens Otto Krag. Gam's ministerial tenure ended on 26 September 1964.
Gam published several textbooks and other books on education in Greenland and on women in Greenland. He was married to Helga Gam. He died in Virum, Copenhagen, on 24 May 1982 and was buried in Søllerød cemetery.
Gam was first invested as commander and then, knight of the Order of the Dannebrog.
# Patrick Gaffney (Buddhist)

Patrick John Gaffney (born 6 February 1949) is an English author, editor, translator, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism who studied at the University of Cambridge. He was one of the main directors and teachers of Rigpa—the international network of Buddhist centres and groups founded by Sogyal Rinpoche. As of April 2019, Gaffney has been disqualified by the UK Charity Commission from acting as a trustee in all charities for a period of 8 years.

## Writing and editing

Together with Andrew Harvey, Gaffney was the co-editor of Sogyal Rinpoche's book The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. He has also edited two of the Dalai Lama's books, Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection and Mind in Comfort and Ease: The Vision of Enlightenment in the Great Perfection.

## Translation

Also a written translator of teachings from Tibetan into English, he translated the Bodhichitta chapter of A Guide to the Words of My Perfect Teacher by Khenpo Ngawang Pelzang under the auspices of the Dipamkara and Padmakara Translation Groups. He is also the senior editor of the Rigpa Translation group.

## Teaching

Gaffney teaches regularly at retreats and public events in Rigpa centres around the world and assisted Sogyal Rinpoche in guiding students during the three-year retreat at Rigpa's main international retreat centre, Lerab Ling, in France, which concluded in November 2009. As a teacher, he mainly focuses on compassion and bodhichitta. He is considered the senior-most teacher amongst Sogyal Rinpoche's students. Regarding Gaffney, Rinpoche has said: “He is one of my oldest and closest students; and if anyone were to understand my mind or my work, it is him.”
He is also an adviser on a number of Rigpa's major international projects such as the Tenzin Gyatso Institute of which he is the President and chairperson. He was a speaker at the Empathy and Compassion in Society conference held in London in November 2012.

## Disqualification

Following an independent report into sexual abuse in Rigpa, the Charity Commission for England and Wales conducted their own investigation and issued a statement in June 2019 that included
   Evidence uncovered by the Commission shows Mr Gaffney had knowledge of instances and allegations of improper acts and sexual and physical abuse against students at the charity.
   Mr Gaffney failed to take appropriate action in response to this information and is therefore responsible for misconduct and/or mismanagement in the administration of the charity.
# SIAI S.51

The SIAI S.51, Savoia Marchetti S.51 or Savoia S.51 was an Italian racing flying boat built by SIAI for the 1922 Schneider Trophy race.

## Design and development

The S.51 was a single-seat sesquiplane flying boat. It was powered by a single 300 horsepower (220 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8F V8 engine, mounted on two N struts above the hull and below the upper wing, which drove a two-bladed propeller in a pusher configuration. The inclined interplane struts were mounted in a V configuration. The lower wings had small stabilizing floats mounted on inclined struts so that they hung below and outboard of the outer tips of the lower wing.
SIAI later based the design of the hull of its S.58 flying boat fighter of 1924 on that of the S.51's hull.

## Operational history

Italy entered the S.51 in the 1922 Schneider Trophy race along with two Macchi M.17 flying boats in competition with a British Supermarine Sea Lion II flying boat. The race was held at Naples on 12 August.
The S.51 capsized in an accident during the seaworthiness trials before the race. Righted by its crew, it completed the race, piloted by Alessandro Passaleva but could only take second place, with the Sea Lion a comfortable 2 min 22 s ahead. The course required 13 laps, a total distance of 370 km (230 mi), over which the S.51 averaged 229.57 km/h (142.65 mph).
On 28 December 1922 the S.51, flown again by Passaleva, set a world speed record for seaplanes of 280.155 km/h (174.080 mph).

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 8 m (26 ft 3 in)
* Wingspan: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
* Height: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 23 m$^2$ (250 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 780 kg (1,720 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,080 kg (2,381 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 8F (Type 42) V-8 water-cooled piston engine, 220 kW (300 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 280 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn)
* Cruise speed: 230 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
# Qaraağac, Sabirabad

Qaraağac (also, known as Karaagach, Karagach, Kara-Ogatch, and Yakha-Kara-Agach) is a village and municipality in the Sabirabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village has a population of 2,080 people.
# Sabie (disambiguation)

Sabie is a town in South Africa. It may also refer to
* Sabie River in South Africa
* Sabie (surname)
# Southern Kyushu

Southern Kyushu Data :
| Sum of 3 prefectures ||
| Area | 19,139.71km$^2$ |
| General Population | 4,174,505 （May 2016） |
| Pop Density | 943.08 per km$^2$ |
Southern Kyūshū (南九州, Minami Kyūshū) is a subregion of the Kyūshū region of Japan. This southern region encompasses the prefectures of Kagoshima, Miyazaki, and Okinawa.
It has more of a subtropical climate than the rest of Kyūshū.
# WISE J2354+0240

WISE J2354+0240 (WISE J235402.77+024015.0, WISE 2354+0240) is a brown dwarf or free-floating planetary-mass object. It is a Y-dwarf, meaning it is one of the coldest directly imaged astronomical objects.
It was discovered in 2015, using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope. The authors find that the J-band peak in the spectrum is narrower than the Y0 standard and therefore assigned a spectral type of Y1, with an estimated temperature of 300−400 Kelvin. The age was estimated to be at least 1.5 billion years. Parallax measurement places this object at 7.7 parsec from the solar system.
Near-infrared photometry was later obtained with Hubble and a temperature of 335 ±11 K and a mass of 11 ±3 M$_J$ was estimated. WISE 2354+0240 was observed with the JWST and the temperature was estimated to be 362+10 −12 K. The object is not described in detail in this work. The authors however mention that they see a number of absorption features in their sample, including water vapor, methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. They note that none of their objects show absorption due to phosphine, which is predicted to occur in these objects.
# Philip Powell (architect)

Sir Arnold Joseph Philip Powell CH OBE RA FRIBA (15 March 1921 – 5 May 2003), usually known as Philip Powell, was an English post-war architect.
He was educated at Epsom College and then the Architectural Association.
He was the father of "Humane modernism", and is famous for designing the main stage at the Chichester Festival Theatre. He also designed the Skylon and the Churchill Gardens housing estate in Pimlico.
He founded a practice with Hidalgo Moya, Powell & Moya Architect Practice. Peter Skinner joined the practice in 1948 and later became a partner. They won a competition to build Churchill Gardens, Pimlico, a complex that houses 5,000 people in 1,800 flats. They were aged 24 and 23 respectively. They were then invited by Frederick Gibberd to design a housing project in Harlow New Town. Northbrooks sits imposingly above a valley to the south of the town centre, affording good views from and to the four-storey slab blocks. However, arguments with Harlow Design Corporation over the use of flat roofs led to the pair terminating their involvement prior to completion. They undertook no more work in the town, much to the disappointment of Gibberd, who had lectured them at the Architects' Association School.
They designed the Skylon Installation at the 1951 Festival of Britain, which sought to instil a sense of positive feeling at a time of postwar depression.
Powell designed Mayfield School for Girls, West Hill, Putney, London, S.W.15.; a number of Oxford and Cambridge University buildings including Wolfson College, Oxford, Blue Boar Quad at Christ Church, and Cripps Court at Queens' College, Cambridge, the courtyard at the Museum of London and Chichester Festival Theatre.
In 1974, Powell and Moya became the first to win the RIBA Gold Medal for architecture as a Practice.
Powell was knighted in 1975 after years of dedicated work as a member of the Royal Fine Arts Commission. He died in London.
National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C467/11) with Philip Powell in 1997 for its Architects Lives' collection held by the British Library.
# Philip Power

Philip Patrick Power FRS (born April 1953) is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Davis. He has contributed to the synthesis, structure, and physical and chemical characterization of inorganic and organometallic compounds. His research focuses on low-coordinate main group and transition metal compounds. Much of this work hinges on the use of sterically crowded ligands to stabilize unusual geometries.

## Education

Philip Power obtained a B.A. from Trinity College Dublin in 1974 and a Ph.D. from University of Sussex in 1977 (under Michael F. Lappert). He was a postdoctoral coworker under Richard H. Holm at Stanford University (1978–1980). In 1981 he was appointed to the faculty of UC Davis, where he is Distinguished Professor.

## Awards

* Alexander von Humboldt Award, 1992
* Faculty Research Lecturer, University of Iowa, 1993
* Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Auckland, New Zealand, 1993
* Reilly Lectureship, University of Notre Dame, 1995
* Werner Lectureship, Trinity College Dublin, 1996
* Membership of Editorial Advisory Board of Organometallics, Inorganic Chemistry, Dalton Transactions, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Heteroatom Chemistry, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, Polyhedron
* Ludwig Mond Award Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004
* Associate editor, Inorganic Chemistry, 2004
* Sloan Foundation Fellow, 1985–1989
* F. A. Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 2005
* Fellow of the Royal Society, 2005
* ACS Award in Organometallic Chemistry, 2011
# Humbergrove Secondary School

Humbergrove Secondary School (also called Humbergrove SS, HSS, Humbergrove, colloquially Humbergrove Collegiate Institute), originally known as Humbergrove Vocational School is a Toronto District School Board facility that operated as a public high school operated by the Etobicoke Board of Education from 1965 to 1988. As of 2019, the building remains under TDSB ownership.
# Volleyball at the 2003 Pan American Games – Women's team rosters

This article show all participating team squads at the 2003 Pan American Games, played by eight countries held from August 1 to August 17, 2003 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

## Brazil

* Head Coach:
* Name
* Janina Conceição
* Dayse Figueiredo
* Camila Adão
* Fernanda Alves
* Fabiana Claudino
* Katia Rodrigues
* Fernanda Gritzbach
* Danielle Lins
* Mari Ellen Mendes
* Elimara Silva
* Joyce Silva
* Alessandra Sperb

## Cuba

* Head Coach: Luis Felipe Calderón
| # | Name | Date of Birth | Height | Weight | Spike | Block |
| 1 | Yumilka Ruiz (c) | 08.05.1978 | 179 | 62 | 329 | 315 |
| 2 | Yanelis Santos | 30.03.1986 | 183 | 71 | 315 | 312 |
| 3 | Nancy Carrillo de la Paz | 11.01.1986 | 190 | 74 | 318 | 315 |
| 4 | Katia Guevara | | | | | |
| 5 | Maisbelis Martínez | 13.06.1977 | 182 | 79 | 322 | 306 |
| 8 | Yaima Ortiz Charro | 09.11.1981 | 179 | 70 | 325 | 313 |
| 10 | Indira Mestre | | | | | |
| 11 | Liana Mesa Luaces | 26.12.1977 | 179 | 70 | 318 | 307 |
| 12 | Azurrima Álvarez | | | | | |
| 13 | Anniara Muñoz | | | | | |
| 17 | Martha Sánchez | | | | | |
| 18 | Zoila Barros | 06.08.1976 | 188 | 76 | 325 | 312 |

## Dominican Republic

* Head Coach: Jorge Garbey
| # | Name | Date of Birth | Height | Weight | Spike | Block |
| 1 | Annerys Vargas | 07.08.1981 | 194 | 70 | 325 | 315 |
| 2 | Rosalín Ángeles | 23.07.1985 | 189 | 61 | 310 | 300 |
| 3 | Yudelkys Bautista | 05.12.1974 | 193 | 68 | 312 | 308 |
| 5 | Evelyn Carrera | 05.10.1971 | 182 | 70 | 301 | 297 |
| 6 | Alexandra Caso | 25.04.1987 | 168 | 59 | 243 | 241 |
| 7 | Sofía Mercedes | 25.05.1976 | 185 | 70 | 306 | 298 |
| 9 | Nuris Arias | 20.05.1973 | 190 | 78 | 315 | 306 |
| 10 | Milagros Cabral | 17.10.1978 | 181 | 63 | 308 | 305 |
| 12 | Francia Jackson (c) | 08.11.1975 | 168 | 71 | 280 | 275 |
| 14 | Prisilla Rivera | 29.12.1986 | 183 | 67 | 309 | 305 |
| 15 | Cosiri Rodríguez | 30.08.1977 | 191 | 72 | 313 | 305 |
| 16 | Kenia Moreta | 07.04.1981 | 191 | 76 | 310 | 305 |

## Peru

* Head Coach: Carlos Aparicio
* Name
* Veronica Contreras
* Milagros Moy
* Mirtha Uribe
* Leyla Chihuan
* Vanesa Palacios
* Natalia Romanova
* Kelly Culquimboz
* Andrea Ampuero
* Carla Tristan
* Natalia Malaga

## United States

* Head Coach: Mike Hebert
* Name
* Erin Aldrich
* Elisabeth Bachman
* Nicole Branagh
* Tracy Stalls
* Therese Crawford
* Sarah Drury
* Cynthia Barboza
* Lizzy Fitzgerald
* Brittany Hochevar
* Jennifer Joines
* Ogonna Nnamani
* Katie Olsovsky
# W. Craig Broadwater

Willard Craig Broadwater (August 8, 1950 – December 18, 2006) was a U.S. federal judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia.

## Education and career

Born in Elk City, Oklahoma, Broadwater graduated from Paden City High School in West Virginia and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from West Virginia University in 1972 and a Juris Doctor from West Virginia University College of Law in 1977. He was also a Lieutenant in the United States Army from 1972 to 1982. He was in private practice in Wheeling, West Virginia from 1977 to 1983. He was a Hearing examiner for the West Virginia Worker's Compensation Fund from 1978 to 1981. He was a Special prosecuting attorney of Ohio County, West Virginia from 1982 to 1983, and then became a circuit court judge for the First Judicial Circuit of West Virginia, from 1983 to 1996.

## Military career

Among his many assignments, General Broadwater volunteered for duty in Iraq where he commanded the Joint Interagency Task Force for High Value Individuals (JIATF-HVI) from mid 2005 to early 2006. At his death, he was a Brigadier General in the West Virginia National Guard.

## Federal judicial service

On January 26, 1996, Broadwater was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia vacated by Robert Earl Maxwell. Broadwater was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 12, 1996, and received his commission on July 26, 1996. Broadwater served in that capacity until his death, in 2006, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Death

Broadwater died on December 18, 2006, at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center of complications of cancer.
# WAGR AI class

The WAGR AI class was a petrol-driven railmotor or railcar operated between 1935 and 1949 by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR).
Officially designated as a petrol coach, it was built at the Midland Railway Workshops in 1935.

## Chassis and powertrain

The railcar was based on a Dodge K 32 truck chassis purchased from Winterbottom Motor Co in Perth, Western Australia. It had a four-wheeled bogie at the front end, and a drive axle at the rear. Powered by a 25 hp 6-cylinder in-line petrol engine, it was equipped with a four speed bidirectional gearbox, and could reach speeds of up to 50 mph (80 km/h) in each direction. Its fuel capacity was 15 imp gal (68 L; 18 US gal).

## Payload

The railcar's maximum payload was eight passengers and 1.5 long tons (1.5 t) of freight.

## Service history

The WAGR built the railcar specifically to provide a service on the very lightly trafficked Port Hedland–Marble Bar railway in the Pilbara. Upon completion, it was shipped to Port Hedland aboard the MV Koolinda. It was issued to traffic in October 1935, as WAGR fleet number 432.
In 1937, the WAGR placed its railcars into classes, and no. 432 was classified as the AI class. It remained in service through World War II, but was sold to the State Saw Mills in 1949. Its ultimate fate is not known
# WIST

WIST may refer to:
* WIST-FM, a radio station (98.3 FM) licensed to Thomasville, North Carolina, United States
* WQNO, a radio station (690 AM) licensed to New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 2005 to 2012
* WIST-94, a Polish pistol
* Whist, a classic card game
* WYFQ, a radio station (930 AM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 1947 to the 1960s
* WHVN, a radio station (1240 AM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from the 1960s to 1983
* WNKS, a radio station (95.1 FM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST-FM prior to 1972
* WGFY, a radio station (1480 AM) licensed to Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 1994 to 1996
* WOLS, a radio station (106.1 FM) licensed to Waxhaw, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST-FM from 1995 to 1996
* WAME, a radio station (550 AM) licensed to Statesville, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST from 1996 to 1997 and from 1998 to 2000
* WBLO, a radio station (790 AM) licensed to Thomasville, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WIST during 2004
# Hunan–Guangxi railway

The Hunan–Guangxi railway or Xianggui railway (simplified Chinese: 湘桂铁路; traditional Chinese: 湘桂鐵路; pinyin: xiāngguì tiělù), is a mostly electrified railroad in southern China that connects Hunan province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The shortform name of the line, Xianggui, is named after the Chinese short names of Hunan, Xiang and Guangxi, Gui. The line runs 1,013 km (629 mi) from Hengyang in Hunan to Friendship Pass on Guangxi's border with Vietnam. Major cities along route include Hengyang, Yongzhou, Guilin, Liuzhou, Nanning, Pingxiang, and Friendship Pass.

## History

The original single-track Xianggui Line was built in sections from 1937 to 1939 and 1950–1955.
In December 2008, construction began on a capacity-expansion project to a new pair of 723.7 km (450 mi) electrified tracks from Hengyang to Nanning, which would create a three-track line of 497.9 km (309 mi) between Hengyang and Liuzhou and a four-track line of 225.8 km (140 mi) between Liuzhou and Nanning. The expansion project was completed in December 2013. The new double-track from Hengyang to Liuzhou is called the Hengyang–Liuzhou intercity railway and the new double-track from Liuzhou to Nanning is called the Liuzhou–Nanning intercity railway.
As of May 2014, the southernmost section of the Xianggui Line, from Nanning to Pingxiang on the Vietnamese border, is undergoing capacity expansion to accommodate high-speed trains.

## Passenger service

The Hunan–Guangxi railway is used by most trains traveling from Beijing, Shanghai, and other points in eastern China to Guangxi (Guilin, Nanning) and to the Vietnamese border. This includes the Beijing–Nanning–Hanoi through train.
At the end of 2013, high-speed passenger service was introduced on the Hunan–Guangxi railway as well. A direct G-series trains from Beijing makes it to Guilin in about 10.5 hours. D-series trains continue from Guilin to Nanning, taking less than 3 hours for the trip.

## Rail connections

* Hengyang: Beijing–Guangzhou railway
* Yongzhou: Luoyang–Zhanjiang railway
* Liuzhou: Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway, Guizhou–Guangxi railway
* Litang Township: Litang–Zhanjiang railway, Litang–Qinzhou railway
* Nanning: Nanning–Kunming railway; branch line to Qinzhou and Beihai
* Pingxiang: Hanoi–Đồng Đăng Railway
# Judith Rose

Kathleen Judith Rose (born 14 June 1937) is a British retired Anglican priest. She was one of the first female priests to hold a senior management role in the Church of England when she served as Archdeacon of Tonbridge from 1996 to 2002.

## Biography

Rose was educated at Sexey's Grammar School, Seale-Hayne College and the London Bible College. She had earlier career in agriculture.
Rose became a parish worker at Rodbourne Cheney Parish Church, in 1976. She was made deaconess in 1976, and was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1987 and as a priest in 1994. She was at St George, Leeds from 1973 to 1981; chaplain at Bradford Cathedral from 1981 to 1985; minister at St Paul's Parkwood, Gillingham from 1986 to 1990; Rural Dean of Gillingham from 1988 to 1990; Chaplain to the Bishop of Rochester from 1990 to 1995; and Archdeacon of Tonbridge from 1996 to 2002.
Rose belongs to the evangelical wing of the Church of England.

## Selected works

A published author, her works include:
* Sunday Learning for All Ages, 1982
* Women Priests: the first years, 1996
* Voices of this Calling, 2002
* Sow in Tears, 2007
# Phaeopate

Phaeopate albula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Phaeopate. It was described by Pascoe in 1865.