OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wallpaper steamer

A wallpaper steamer is an electrical device which boils water continuously in order to produce steam. This steam is then allowed to pass through a narrow bore tube to a face plate. This face plate is then held against a wallpapered wall. The steam passes through the paper, saturates the backing paper and partially dissolves the desiccated wallpaper paste. This then allows the wallpaper to be pulled from, or scraped off the wall.
The wallpaper steamer was invented by Peter Ravenscroft Wilkins from Blackwell, Worcestershire, England. Its European patent was filed 19 November 1987.

## Technology

The basic form of a wallpaper steamer is a semi-sealed container, usually made of plastic, that contains a heating element. A quantity of water is added to the container and the water comes into contact with the heating element. Once electrical power is connected to the element, it heats up which then in turn heats the water. The water reaches its boiling point, evaporates and produces steam. As the container is sealed, the steam pressure builds up but is released via a small opening in the container to which is connected a length of pressure pipe. At the end of the pressure pipe is a flat plate about 30 cm (12 in) square and 1 cm deep. The plate has a handle on its reverse side. This plate is then held up to the papered wall. The steam being released under pressure from the container travels along the pressure pipe and is released into the forward face of the steam plate. As the plate is held against the wall, a slight seal is maintained which holds steam long enough to force the moisture into the wallpaper, saturating it and rehydrating the wallpaper paste. Once the paste is rehydrated, it starts to lose its adhesive properties, allowing the wallpaper to be either pulled or scraped from the wall.
Penetration of steam, especially with vinyl-coated wallpapers, may be accelerated by first perforating the surface of the wallpaper. A variety of spiked roller and spiked wheel hand tools are available for this.
During use, the operator's hands are close to the steam source and so protective, heat- and vapour-proof gloves, such as silicone oven gloves, may be helpful.
Wallpaper steamers have been more popular in places such as the UK and Europe using 230 V domestic electricity. This provides around 3 kW of steam generating capacity from all sockets around the house.

## Other uses

A commercial wallpaper steamer is a conveniently packaged source of steam. This can be used for other purposes too, such as steam-bending wood.
# 1817 in science

The year 1817 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

## Biology

* Georges Cuvier publishes Le Règne Animal.

## Chemistry

* Discovery of cadmium by Friedrich Stromeyer.
* Discovery of lithium by Johann Arfvedson.
* Discovery of selenium by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.
* Pierre-Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou isolate chlorophyll and emetine.
* Leopold Gmelin begins publication of his Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie.

## Medicine

* First cholera pandemic (1817–24) originates in Bengal, reaching Calcutta by September.
* James Parkinson publishes An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, describing "paralysis agitans", the condition which will become known as Parkinson's disease.

## Technology

* March – Ackermann steering geometry invented by Georg Lankensperger.
* June 12 – German inventor Karl Drais drives his dandy horse ("Draisine" or Laufmaschine), the earliest form of bicycle, in Mannheim.
* July 10 – David Brewster patents the kaleidoscope.

## Institutions

* October 1 – Philomaths established secretly by Poles at the Imperial University of Vilnius.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: Henry Kater

## Births

* January 29 – William Ferrel (died 1891), American meteorologist.
* February 15 – Robert Angus Smith (died 1884), Scottish-born atmospheric chemist.
* April 8 – Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard (died 1894), Mauritian-born physiologist and neurologist.
* May 31 – Joseph Marie Élisabeth Durocher (died 1860), French geologist.
* June 30 – Joseph Dalton Hooker (died 1911), English botanist.
* July 5 – Carl Vogt (died 1895), German scientist who publishes notable works in zoology, geology and physiology.
* July 15 – John Fowler (died 1898), English civil engineer.
* September 10 – Richard Spruce (died 1893), English botanist.
* October 10 – C. H. D. Buys Ballot (died 1890), Dutch meteorologist.
* October 17 – Alfred Des Cloizeaux (died 1897), French mineralogist.
* November 26 – Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (died 1884), Alsatian French chemist.
* December 13 – Arthur Hill Hassall (died 1894), English physician, microbiologist and chemical analyst.
* December 14 – Sophia Wilkens (died 1889), Swedish pioneer in the education of students with intellectual disability.

## Deaths

* January 1 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth (born 1743), German chemist.
* April 12 – Charles Messier (born 1730), French astronomer.
* May 12 – William Goforth (born 1766), American physician and paleontologist.
* June 2 – Clotilde Tambroni, Italian philologist and linguist (born 1758)
* June 11 – William Gregor (born 1761), Cornish mineralogist.
* July 28 – Abraham Gottlob Werner (born 1749), German geologist.
* August 7 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours (born 1739), French-born American industrialist.
* September 18 – William Charles Wells (born 1757), American physician.
* November 7 – Jean-André Deluc (born 1727), Swiss geologist.
* December 15 – Abate Giovanni Battista Guglielmini (born 1763), Bolognese physicist.
# A Woman's Heart (Crystal Gayle album)

A Woman's Heart is the fourth compilation album and the second of lesser known songs by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. It was released in November 1980 via Liberty Records and was produced by Allen Reynolds. The album consisted of songs originally included on Gayle's studio albums during her recording period with United Artists Records (later re-titled Liberty Records). It was one of several compilation albums released by the label that contained Gayle's material.

## Background and reception

A Woman's Heart contained ten tracks of previously recorded material. Of the ten songs, only two were previously released as singles ("This Is My Year for Mexico" and "One More Time") while the remaining songs had been included on Gayle's studio albums. "Hands" and the title track were originally recorded on Gayle's self-titled studio album (1975). "Let's Do It Right" was first included on Gayle's third studio album, Crystal (1976). "Make a Dream Come True" was the seventh track on her fourth studio album, We Must Believe in Magic (1977).
A Woman's Heart was originally released in November 1980 via Liberty Records. The album was issued as both a vinyl LP and an audio cassette. A Woman's Heart peaked in the fortieth position on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart in 1981. It did not spawn any singles or any other major releases.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 40 |
# Blet

Blet (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

## Geography

A farming area comprising a village and several hamlets situated some 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bourges at the junction of the N76 with the D91 and the D6 roads.

## Sights

* The church of St. Germain, dating from the twelfth century.
* An early nineteenth-century market hall.
* Traces of a Roman aqueduct.
* The fifteenth-century château and park.
# Bekdash

Bekdash may refer to:
* Garabogaz, Turkmenistan - formerly Bekdash
* Khordzor, Armenia - formerly Bekdash
# Rotherby

Rotherby is a village and former civil parish, 9 miles (14 km) north east of Leicester, now in the parish of Hoby with Rotherby, in the Melton district, in the county of Leicestershire, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 133.

## Features

Rotherby has a church called All Saints.

## History

Rotherby was recorded in the Domesday Book as Redebi. On 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished and merged with Brooksby, Hoby and Ragdale to form Hoby with Rotherby.
# Limpiville

Limpiville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A farming village in the Pays de Caux situated some 24 miles (39 km) northeast of Le Havre, between the D17 and D28 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the eighteenth century.
* The seventeenth century Château du Vaudroc.
# KIDH

KIDH may refer to:
* KIDH-LP, a low-power radio station (97.5 FM) licensed to serve Meridian, Idaho, United States
* KGCL, a radio station (90.9 FM) licensed to serve Jordan Valley, Oregon, United States, which held the call sign KIDH from 2003 to 2008
# Ballydivity

Ballydivity (from Irish Baile Mhic Duibhidighe, meaning 'McDevitts town') is a townland of 333 acres in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Derrykeighan and historic barony of Dunluce Lower.

## Places of interest

Ballydivity House, near Ballymoney is a two-storey three-bay house of c.1760. It was added to from c.1810 and a central staircase and drawing room extended in 1911. The demesne features mature shelter belt trees, two walled gardens and a gardener's house. It is not open to the public.
# Sawna Lakra

Sawna Lakra (1941-2021) was an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress, elected to the state legislature in Jharkhand. He was arrested for murdering a youth to protect the family honour in May 2011.
He died on 14 October 2021.

## Arrest for Murder

In June 2011, Lakra was indicted for ordering the abduction and murder of Avinash Tiwari, a local youth who had wanted to marry his granddaughter Usha Lakra.
On 27 April, Avinash had come to Lakra's farmhouse at Chota Kawali, about 2 km from Bargama to meet Usha. He was caught and confined by Lakra's bodyguard Janak Mahto. Later, he was allegedly shot dead by henchman Gopi Kachchap, in Lakra's presence. The body was disposed of in a culvert near Lodhma.
Lakra went underground immediately after police investigations. He surrendered only after a month.
After his arrest, Lakra was to be held in the Birsa Munda Central Jail but he immediately claimed cardiac problems, and was sent to the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) of the premier Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS).
# 1967 Australian Grand Prix

The 1967 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held over 45 laps of the 3.621 km (2.25 mi) Warwick Farm Raceway in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia on 19 February 1967. It was promoted by the Australian Automobile Racing Co. Pty. Ltd. The race, which was open to Australian National Formula and Australian 1½ Litre Formula cars, had 15 starters.
The race was the thirty-second Australian Grand Prix and the fourth round of the 1967 Tasman Series. Jackie Stewart started the race on pole in a BRM P261 and drove the race's fastest lap. Tasman Series points leader Jim Clark finished second in a Lotus 33, with Australian driver Frank Gardner third in a Repco Brabham BT16. Reigning World Champion Driver, Jack Brabham, finished fourth in his Repco Brabham BT23A.
In his victory presentation speech, New South Wales Governor Sir Roden Cutler VC AK KCMG KCVO CBE aptly named the 1967 AGP as the "Scottish Grand Prix" after Scotsmen Jackie Stewart and Jim Clark finished 1–2.

## Classification

Results as follows:
| Pos | No. | Driver | Entrant | Car / Engine | Laps | Time |
| 1 | 3 | Jackie Stewart | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM P261 / BRM V8 2.1 | 45 | 1h 09m 17.3s |
| 2 | 6 | Jim Clark | Team Lotus (Overseas) Ltd | Lotus 33 / Coventry Climax FWMV V8 2.0 | 45 | 1h 09m 34.0s |
| 3 | 8 | Frank Gardner | Alec Mildren Racing Pty Ltd | Repco Brabham BT16 / Coventry Climax FPF 2.5 | 45 | 1h 10m 28.9s |
| 4 | 1 | Jack Brabham | Ecurie Vitesse | Repco Brabham BT23A / Repco V8 2.5 | 45 | 1h 10m 43.6s |
| 5 | 11 | Leo Geoghegan | Geoghegan Racing Division | Lotus 39 / Coventry Climax FPF 2.5 | 44 | |
| 6 | 7 | Kevin Bartlett | Alec Mildren Racing Pty Ltd | Repco Brabham BT11A / Coventry Climax FPF 2.5 | 43 | |
| 7 | 20 | Glyn Scott | Glyn Scott Motors | Lotus 27 / Ford 1.5 | 41 | |
| 8 | 18 | Mike Champion | Competition Cars | Repco Brabham BT2 / Ford 1.5 | 41 | |
| Ret | 9 | Spencer Martin | Bob Jane Racing Team | Repco Brabham BT11A / Coventry Climax FPF 2.5 | 43 | Accident |
| Ret | 2 | Denny Hulme | Ecurie Vitesse | Repco Brabham BT22 / Repco V8 2.5 | 41 | Coolant Leak |
| Ret | 4 | Chris Irwin | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM P261 / BRM V8 2.1 | 39 | Fuel Injection |
| Ret | 5 | Graham Hill | Team Lotus (Overseas) Ltd | Lotus 48 / Ford Cosworth FVA 1.6 | 25 | Gearbox |
| Ret | 15 | Paul Bolton | Stanton Motors | Repco Brabham BT7A / Coventry Climax FPF 2.5 | 20 | Sealing Ring |
| Ret | 19 | Ian Cook | Ian Cook | Elfin Mono Mark IIB / Ford 1.5 | 1 | Clutch |
| Ret | 21 | Mel McEwin | Mel McEwin | Elfin Mono Mark I / Ford 1.5 | 0 | Clutch |
| DNS | 10 | John Harvey | RC Phillips Sports Car World | Repco Brabham BT14 / Ford 1.8 | – | Half-shaft |
# Abbas Alizadeh

Abbas Alizadeh (born 1951) is an Iranologist and Persian archaeologist. Alizadeh is a senior research associate at the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures of The University of Chicago, who works with the Iranian Prehistoric Project. He has supervised foreign teams of archaeologists working throughout Iran.
He is known for his investigations of Chogha Bonut.
# 1978 United States House of Representatives election in the District of Columbia

Elections in the District of Columbia :
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Ballot measures1998:
Initiative 592014:
Initiative 712016:
Advisory Referendum B2018:
Initiative 772022:
Initiative 82 :
vte :
On November 7, 1978, the District of Columbia held an election for its non-voting House delegate representing the District of Columbia's at-large congressional district. The winner of the race was Walter E. Fauntroy (D), who won his fourth re-election. All elected members would serve in 96th United States Congress.
The delegate is elected for two-year terms, as are all other Representatives and Delegates minus the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, who is elected to a four-year term.

## Candidates

Walter E. Fauntroy, a Democrat, sought re-election for his fifth term to the United States House of Representatives. Fauntroy was opposed in this election by Republican challenger Jackson R. Champion and Statehood Party candidate Gregory Rowe who received 12.02% and 4.04%, respectively. This resulted in Fauntroy being elected with 79.59% of the vote.

### Results

D.C. At Large Congressional District Election (1978) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Walter E. Fauntroy (inc.) | 76,557 | 79.59 |
| | Republican | Jackson R. Champion | 11,677 | 12.02 |
| | DC Statehood | Gregory Rowe | 3,886 | 4.04 |
| | Socialist Workers | Charlotte J. Reavis | 1,649 | 1.71 |
| | American Labor | Cloid John Green | 1,064 | 1.10 |
| | No party | Write-ins | 1,473 | 1.53 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 96,306 | 100.00 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
# Paul Paris

Jean Ferdinand Paul Paris (16 August 1875 – 2 May 1938) was a French naturalist and zoologist who specialised in ornithology. He was, in 1929, the founder of Alauda, Revue internationale d'Ornithologie and served as professor of zoology at the University of Burgundy from 1934.

## Biography

Paul Paris was born in Chaumont and was educated at the Université de Bourgogne where he graduated in 1901 and worked as a specimen preparator. He studied under the physiologist Clément Léger Nicolas Jobert (1840–1910) but had a nervous breakdown. He did not recover until 1921 when he edited the second volume of The Fauna of France. In 1922 he began to lecture in zoology and succeeded Marie Eugène Edmond Hesse in 1934. In 1929 he founded the journal Alauda. On the editorial committee were Noël Mayaud, Henri Heim de Balsac, Jacques de Chavigny, Jacques Delamain, Henri Jouard, Louis Lavauden, and Paul Poty. He became a curator of the natural history museum in Dijon where he also managed a salmon farm at the Jardin botanique de l'Arquebuse. He took an interest in aquatic fauna.
A subspecies the coal tit Parus ater parisi was described by Jouard in 1928 and a subspecies of treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla parisi also by Jouard in 1929 but these are both treated as a synonyms of their nominate subspecies.
# Rotstock railway station

Rotstock, Rothstock or Rostock is a former underground railway station on the tunnelled section of the Jungfrau Railway in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland.
The station opened on 2 August 1899, with the extension of the Jungfraubahn from its previous terminus at Eigergletscher station. After further construction, the line was extended to Eigerwand station on 28 June 1903. Today, all that remains of the station is a door that leads into the open.
# Lillian Wald Houses

The Lillian Wald Houses are a NYCHA housing project on the Lower East Side of Manhattan that honors the housing advocate of the same name. The cornerstone was laid on East Sixth Street and Avenue D in 1947 following a change in state financing laws for which Lillian Wald campaigned.
Construction of the Houses led to the end of Manhattan Street, previously a shortcut between East Third and East Houston Streets.
# Kaniyar

Kaniyar is a caste from the Indian state of Kerala. There are regional variations in the name used to define them. They are listed under the Other Backward Communities (OBC) by the Kerala Government.

## Traditions of origin

Kathleen Gough has recorded that the caste believes that they descended from a section of the Tamil Brahmins and that they ascribed their "rudimentary" knowledge of Sanskrit, medicine and astrology to those origins.

## Traditional occupations

Gough says that the caste in many ways played the role of
   pseudo-Brahmans in relation to the lower castes ... Their lore was, of course, a much simplified version of Brahman lore. Through them, however, some of the elements of Sanskrit religious belief and practices were filtered to lower caste people who could not attend high-caste temples or receive Brahmanical services ... [They] served as media for the Sankritisation of the lower castes ...
It was the Kaniyars who decorate the elaborate costumes. of the dance conducted at various temples in central Travancore. They were also famous in the field of ayurveda treatment (Traditional Indian medical stream) across Kerala. Kaniyar panickers are famous with astrology even now in Northern Kerala.
The Kaniyar were also once teachers, primarily in village schools. The arrival of the British in the area saw the demise of traditional teaching, with Sanskrit teaching being deprecated in favor of its English counterpart, disruption due to various wars and also a discouragement of the village schools in general. The standard of literacy declined greatly for nearly a century and began to improve once more with the advent of state aid for (principally English-based) education at the end of the 19th century.
Aside from general teaching,they also taught fencing to the Izhava and Thiyyar caste. Gurukkal is another name used for the northern group because of their involvement with these schools. They asserted that because of this they were superior to the Asan members of the caste, who were primarily to be found in southern Travancore.

## Notable people

* Niranam Poets – Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar, and Rama Panikkar Authoers of Kannassa Ramayanam.
# Physiurgy

Physiurgy is an obsolete term, mainly used in Scandinavia, for a medical specialty that deals with musculoskeletal physiology and diseases. The definition includes many rheumatic diseases, sports injuries and rehabilitation of orthopedic and neurological diseases. Physiurgic therapy include training and exercise therapy, massage, joint manipulation, diathermia and ultrasound treatment. In Denmark, the term was officially abandoned in 1983 and is largely replaced with e.g. rheumatology.
# Ballydehob railway station

Ballydehob railway station was on the Schull and Skibbereen Railway in County Cork, Ireland.

## History

The station opened on 6 September 1886.
Regular passenger services were withdrawn on 27 January 1947.
# Savanna Army Depot

Savanna Army Depot was a 13,062-acre (52.86 km$^2$) installation, located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, in Carroll and Jo Daviess counties, around seven miles (11 km) north of Savanna, Illinois. It was opened in 1917 as a proving and testing facility for weapons developed at Rock Island Arsenal. In 1921 it became a weapons depot. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed the depot as a Superfund site in 1989. The depot was selected for closure through the Base Realignment and Closure process in July 1995 and was officially closed on March 18, 2000. The Jo-Carroll Local Redevelopment Authority (LRA) was established to redevelop a portion of the property for commercial and business usage referred to as the Savanna Depot Park. On September 26, 2003, the United States Department of Defense agreed to transfer 9,404 acres (38.06 km$^2$) of land to become the Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. 3,022 acres (12.23 km$^2$) were initially transferred with the rest to be transferred following environmental cleanup. The portion near Lock and Dam No. 12 was transferred to the United States Army Corps of Engineers and a small part to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
# Bloodangel's Cry

Bloodangel's Cry is an album by German power metal band Krypteria, released in 2007. It peaked at position 55 in the German album charts and at 44 in Switzerland.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Laut.de | favourable |
| Metal Express Radio | 7.5/10 |
| Sonic Seducer | very positive |
The album received favourable reviews in Germany that marked the opulent style and lead singer Ji-In Cho's classically trained voice. The Sonic Seducer magazine called it a "highlight" after the band's EP Evolution Principle and compared the track "Sweet Revenge" to the style of Meat Loaf. Also Laut.de noted the opulent instrumentation. The Norwegian Metal Express Radio wrote "that while not really original, [it] does enough to stand out from the pack."

## Credits

* Ji-In Cho - Vocals
* Chris Siemons - Guitar
* Frank Stumvoll - Bass
* S.C. Kuschnerus - Drums
# Begovo Selo

Begovo Selo is a village in the Municipality of Kupres in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 163.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 161 | 98.8% |
| Serbs | 2 | 1.2% |
| Total | 163 | 100% |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue 2019, pp. 514–515.