OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Journal of Digital Earth

The International Journal of Digital Earth is an academic journal about Digital Earth published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the International Society for Digital Earth. It focus on concepts such as "Earth observation, geographic information systems and [geographic information] science". Its editor-in-chief is Guo Huadong; its 2018 impact factor is 3.985.
# Karen Lynn Williams

Karen Lynn Williams is an American writer of children's literature. She is best known for her books about the difficulties of children in developing countries.

## Background

Williams was born in 1952 in New Haven, Connecticut. She was graduated from the University of Connecticut (B.S., 1974) and Southern Connecticut State University (M.S., 1977). She was a teacher of the deaf in Connecticut from 1977 to 1980 and a Peace Corps teacher of English in Malawi from 1980 to 1983. From 1990 to 1993 she lived and worked in Deschapelles, Haiti, where her husband, Steven Williams, was a doctor at the Hôpital Albert Schweitzer.
Williams teaches literature and writing in the Chatham University Master of Fine Arts Program in Children's and Adolescent Writing.

## Books

* Galimoto, fiction (New York: Lothrop, 1990).
* Baseball and Butterflies, fiction (New York: Lothrop, 1990).
* When Africa Was Home, fiction (New York: Orchard Book, 1991).
* First Grade King, fiction (New York: Clarion Books, 1992).
* Applebaum's Garage, fiction (New York: Clarion Books, 1993).
* Tap-Tap, fiction (New York: Clarion Books, 1994).
* A Real Christmas This Year, fiction (New York: Clarion Books, 1995).
* Painted Dreams, fiction (New York: Lothrop, Lee, & Shepard Books, 1998).
* One Thing I'm Good at, fiction (New York: Lothrop, Lee, & Shepard Books, 1999).
* Circles of Hope, fiction (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Books for Young Readers, 2005).
* Four Feet, Two Sandals, fiction (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Books for Young Readers, 2007).

## Sources

* ↑ "Williams, Karen Lynn". WorldCat Identities. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
* ↑ Stayer, Lindsay (2007). "Williams, Karen Lynn". The Pennsylvania Centre for the Book. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2002. PEN (Permanent Entry Number): 0000106578.
# Ljud & Bildskolan

Ljud & Bildskolan ("Audio and Visual School"), also called LBS, is a group of Swedish high schools that was founded in 1993 in Varberg.
LBS is a Swedish privately run school mainly dedicated to media, game development and music production. LBS has schools in Borås, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Kristianstad, Kungsbacka, Lund, Jönköping, Trollhättan, Varberg, Stockholm, Göteborg, Linköping, Motala and Nyköping. Schools often have 80 people on staff and 300 students.
LBS is part of Academedia, a company which operates private schools under various brands throughout Sweden.

## Philosophy

LBS no longer gives the students a forecast of what their final grade will be. Their reasoning is that the students will take that grade and then not try to improve based on the feedback given from the teacher.

## LBS Game Awards

Every year LBS hosts an award event where all school's game development students compete. There are two large categories, one is XNA games which has three sub categories; best game made with XNA, best graphics in an XNA game and best game concept in XNA game. This category is aimed at the freshmen since they are taught XNA the first year while non-freshmen are forced to compete in the general one. The second large category is more general and consists of best game, best graphics and best game concept.
The 2014 event went largely undocumented.
There were a few changes for the 2015 event. It is not best graphics in a XNA game or game with best graphics now it is best 2D graphics and best 3D graphics. A game that the people get to pick and best "Pitch" where a group of students hold a presentation to sell their game idea.

## Links

* Ljud & Bildskolan
# Howell House

Howell House may refer to:
in the United States (by state then city)
* Storm Cellar, William Howell House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in White County
* Howell-Garner-Monfee House, North Little Rock, Arkansas
* Howell House (Escondido, California), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in San Diego County
* Mrs. George Arthur Howell Jr. House, Atlanta, Georgia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Fulton County
* William Dean Howells House (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
* Howell House (Reno, Nevada), listed on the NRHP in Washoe County
* Benjamin Howell Homestead, Parsippany, New Jersey, listed on the NRHP in Morris County
* Edgar W. Howell House, Buffalo, New York
* Howell-Butler House, Roseboro, North Carolina
* Howell Homeplace, Tarboro, North Carolina
* Alden and Thomasene Howell House, Waynesville, North Carolina
* John W. Howell House, Monmouth, Oregon, listed on the NRHP in Polk County
* Howell-Kohlhagen House, Roseburg, Oregon, listed on the NRHP in Douglas County
* Bybee–Howell House, Sauvie Island, Oregon
* Howell House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* Howell-Theurer House, Wellsville, Utah
# South Choctaw Academy

South Choctaw Academy is a private, co-educational PK-12 school in Choctaw County, Alabama, near Toxey.

## History

South Choctaw Academy was founded in 1969 as a segregation academy.
During the 2015-2016 school year, the student body was all white.

## Academics

In 2018, ten percent of the graduating class won scholarships from the local electric company.
# Jhingran

Jhingran is a village situated in Nawanshahr district (also known as Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar) in Punjab, India.
# Podgrađe Podokićko

Podgrađe Podokićko is a settlement (naselje) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 162 people.

## Notable people

* Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić - Roman Catholic priest, mathematician, writer, and musical theorist of Šilobod nobility, primarily known for writing the first Croatian arithmetic textbook Arithmatika Horvatzka (published in Zagreb, 1758).
# Karen M. Hilderbrand

Karen Mitzo Hilderbrand (born 1962) is an American songwriter and author publishing children's educational materials, based in Akron, Ohio.

## Early life and education

Hilderbrand was born Karen Mitzo on July 16, 1962, along with her twin sister Kim. She attended Purdue University and graduated in 1985 with a degree in Industrial Engineering.

## Career

Hilderbrand began writing songs in 1987 with her sister Kim Thompson, and after five years they began working full-time to create educational materials. They have since created more than 500 albums, written 3,000 songs and produced 160 e-books and 700 audiobooks. They have also produced 15 mobile apps. Hilderbrand is the CEO of Creative IP, LLC. and Twin Sisters Digital Media, headquartered in Stow, Ohio. In 2012, Scholastic announced a distribution agreement with Twin Sisters for musical and non-fiction e-books.

## Discography

Hilderbrand and Thompson have total album sales of more than 50 million, including one RIAA certified platinum and eight certified gold albums. All albums are released under the Twin Sisters Productions label.
| Title | Details | Certifications | Sales |
| Phonics | Certification date: August 21, 2000 Format: Album | US: Gold | |
| Christmas Through the Eyes of a Child | Certification date: December 6, 2002 Format: Album | US: Gold | |
| Classical Music | Certification date: January 18, 2006 Format: Album | US: Gold | |
| 2002 Christmas Jazz | Certification date: February 13, 2006 Format: Album | US: Gold | |
| 102 Children's Songs | Certification date: February 13, 2006 Format: Album | US: Gold | |
| Nature Sounds | Certification date: October 26, 2006 Format: Album | US: Platinum | 2,000,000+ |
| Traditional Lullabies | Certification date: September 28, 2007 Format: Album | US: Gold | |
| Christmas Memories | Certification date: October 3, 2007 Format: Album | US: Gold | |
| Acoustic Christmas | Certification date: July 15, 2008 Format: Album | US: Gold | |

## Awards and recognitions

* National Parenting Publications (NAPPA) Gold Award (1999, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010)
* Dr. Toy's 10 Best Toys Winner (2009)
* Learning Magazine's Teachers Choice Award (1995, 2002, 2004)
* iParenting Media Award (2003, 2004)
* National Parenting Center Seal of Approval (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009)
* National Parenting Publications Award (2012)
* Smart Business Magazine Northeast Ohio Smart 50 Award (2017)
* Voting member of The Recording Academy (NARAS)
* Prior member of Society of Women Engineers
* Prior member of Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
# In the Shadow of the Pines

In the Shadow of the Pines is a Canadian animated short documentary film, directed by Anne Koizumi and released in 2020. An exploration of her grief around the death of her father in the early 2010s, the film centres on an imagined conversation with him about her childhood shame that he was employed as the janitor at her school, thus exposing her to her classmates as the daughter of a working class immigrant.
Although Koizumi is an administrative employee of the National Film Board of Canada, she made the film independently rather than through her employer.
The film was screened at numerous documentary and animation film festivals in 2020 and 2021, and was added to CBC Gem. It received an honorable mention for the Betty Youson Award for Best Canadian Short Documentary at the 2020 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, won the awards for Best Narrative Short and Best Canadian Animation at the 2020 Ottawa International Animation Festival, and won the award for Best Animated Short at the 2021 San Francisco International Film Festival.
The film was a Prix Iris nominee for Best Animated Short Film at the 23rd Quebec Cinema Awards.
# Pollen drift

Pollen drift is the accidental cross-pollination of different varieties of crops through natural dispersal methods. The term is used almost exclusively when referring to strains of corn, and especially refers to the crossing of genetically modified crops with those that are not. For example, farmers who grow specialty crops may wish to preserve their genetic traits, such as an especially high oil content, without compromising the gene pool of the variety. Or, farmers may wish to avoid crossing a particular GMO crop that has been approved for export to a certain country, with non-GMO crops or other varieties of GMO crops that may not have the same approval.
Farmers who produce non-GMO crops and farmers who produce GMO crops for export are the most likely to be affected. Farmers whose non-GMO crops have been contaminated with GMO genes may lose their contracts or the rights to certain labeling. GMO exporters must meet the requirements of other countries, many of whom have stringent import controls regarding GMOs.
Pollen drift can be avoided by careful examination of the geography of the area where the crop is to be grown combined with the study of the nature of the crop's pollen, the distance it can travel and via what methods, and how to plant their fields to avoid unwanted cross-pollination.

## Corn

Corn pollen is particularly prone to pollen drift. Corn plants release their pollen for around a week, and an entire field may take up to two weeks to completely release its pollen; pollen release usually shows a spike two to three days after half the plants have released their pollen. Each individual plant can produce 4 to 5 million individual pollen grains. Its pollen is among the largest particles that can be found in the air, and is spherical in its shape. It can drift up to half a mile and remain viable for several days in optimal conditions. These factors all create a considerable possibility for one corn field to cross-pollinate another, even if just a small percentage of the pollen shed by a given field drifts into a different field.
Corn producers can reduce the chance of cross-contamination via pollen drift by separating fields by at least 150 feet (46 m); however, many identity preserved corn programs require that non-GMO fields be separated from GMO corn by a distance of at least 660 feet (200 m). They may also utilize a technique called 'flooding' by surrounding their fields with a border of non-GMO corn, the theory being that these 'border rows' of corn will dilute any outside pollen, thus reducing the risk of cross-contamination. Producers can also alternate planting dates to prevent crops from releasing their pollen at similar times.
# Pollen count

A pollen count is a measurement of the number of pollen grains in a given volume of air. Pollen counts, and forecasts of pollen conditions, are routinely produced and reported to the public because high aerial pollen concentration is associated with increased rates of allergic reaction for those with conditions such as hay fever and asthma. The pollen counted are usually identified to family; particularly families with hyperallergenic pollen (e.g. grasses, family Poaceae) and families that are prevalent in the relevant area. Thunderstorm asthma events as well as mild winters with warmer days lead to increases in pollen counts, while colder winters lead to delayed pollen release. Though not pollen, hyperallergenic fungal spores such as those of Alternaria may be counted as well.

## History

In the UK, the public announcement of the pollen count was popularised by Dr. William Frankland, an immunologist. The National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit became the world's first pollen forecasting service in 1983. According to a study by Leonard Bielory, M.D. that was presented to the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology in 2012, climate changes are expected to cause pollen counts to more than double by 2040.

## Methods

One method for sampling pollen from the air is the Burkard trap, also known as the seven-day volumetric spore trap, which works by facing towards the wind and drawing in air using a pump. The pollen particles drawn in by the pump are then stuck to a silicone grease-coated tape that is attached to a rotating drum. The drum slowly rotates one turn over the course of seven days while collecting particles. The tape is removed after one week, cut into day-length sections, and these sections are mounted on a microscope slide with fuchsine-stained gelatine. The fuchsine selectively stains plant material magenta, making the pollen easy to differentiate from bycatch when analysed under a light microscope. The tape is typically analyzed in a longitudinal transect to account for circadian differences in pollen prevalence. The number of pollen grains in a given volume of air can then be calculated by entering the pollen counts into a mathematical formula that account for the sampling conditions.
An alternative method uses a rotating silicone grease-coated rod, called a rotorod sampler, rather than a Burkard trap.
Machines that use a camera paired with computer software to automatically count and identify pollen samples in the field are being developed and tested. This has the potential to save time, standardise data collection, and provide real-time pollen counts without delay.
Metagenomics may be used to circumvent pollen counting entirely. This method has the advantage of facilitating narrower taxonomic identifications than are typically possible with microscopy, but it is more costly.
# Kare language (Papuan)

Kare is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. It was recognized as being somewhat divergent by Malcolm Ross.
# Pseudobryomima fallax

Pseudobryomima fallax is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.
# John Graham (cricketer)

John Alexander Graham (born 4 March 1978) is an English cricketer. Graham is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace.
Graham started his cricket career playing Second XI cricket for Durham, which he did between 1996 and 2000. While doing so, he appeared for England Under-19s against Pakistan Under-19s during England's 1996 tour there. He played 2 Youth Test matches without success, and one Youth One Day International, in which he scored a fifty. He later made his debut for Northumberland against Bedfordshire in the 2000 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Northumberland from 2000 to 2005, making 20 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 16 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Staffordshire in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was played in 2001. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Middlesex in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 78 runs at an average of 19.50, with a high score of 55. This score came against Staffordshire in 2001.

## Personal life

John Graham works as a geography teacher at North Gosforth Academy, Seaton Burn. He currently resides in the rural-urban fringe town of Seaton Delaval, near Newcastle upon Tyne, with his wife and their three children.
Graham is known locally for his eccentric personality and sense of humour.
# Three minutes

Three minutes may refer to:
* Three-minute warning in Canadian football
* 3 Minutes, a 2010 action film
* "Three Minutes", a 2006 episode of Lost
* Three Minutes: A Lengthening, a 2022 documentary film
# Gordon Chalk

Sir Gordon William Wesley Chalk, KBE (16 May 1913 – 26 April 1991) was Premier of Queensland for a week, from 1 to 8 August 1968. He was the first and only Queensland Premier from the post-war Liberal Party.

## Early years

The only child of Queensland-born parents Samuel Chalk, butcher, and his wife, Sarah Elizabeth (née Wesley), "Chalkie", as he was nicknamed, was baptised in the Church of Christ (but as an adult gave his religion as Methodist). He attended Rosewood State, Marburg Rural, and Lockyer State High Schools.

## Career

Chalk entered politics in 1947 having previously worked as a sales manager at the Toowoomba Foundry. In January 1965, he defeated Alex Dewar 11 votes to 9 to be elected as Deputy Liberal Leader, after Alan Munro resigned as leader and Deputy Premier.
On 23 December 1965, Chalk succeeded the retiring Sir Thomas Hiley as Leader of the Queensland Liberal Party, Deputy Premier and Treasurer in a coalition government with the Country Party led by Frank Nicklin. He did so by defeating Dewar a second time, 12 votes to 8. He continued in these roles when Jack Pizzey succeeded Nicklin as Premier on 17 January 1968.
Following the sudden death of Pizzey on 31 July 1968, the Governor Sir Alan Mansfield swore in Chalk as Premier on 1 August, pending the Country Party electing a new leader. They chose Joh Bjelke-Petersen, who succeeded Chalk after a week in office.
Chalk continued as Treasurer and Leader of the Liberal Party until his resignation from parliament in 1976.

### Political positions
#### Seats held

* 1947–1950 East Toowoomba for the Queensland People's Party and the Liberal Party
* 1950–1976 Lockyer for the Liberal Party (resigned)

#### Ministerial positions

* Minister for Transport 12 August 1957 – 23 December 1965
* Treasurer 23 December 1965 – 13 August 1976
* Premier 1 August 1968 – 8 August 1968

## Honours

In the Queen's Birthday Honours of June 1971, he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE).

## Personal life

Upon his death in 1991 Chalk was accorded a State funeral which was held at Albert Street Uniting Church and he was later cremated.
# Nobody's Supposed to Be Here

"Nobody's Supposed to Be Here" is a song by Canadian recording artist Deborah Cox, released as the lead single from her second studio album, One Wish (1998). Written by Montell Jordan and its producer, Anthony "Shep" Crawford, the song was released on the same day as the album, on September 15, 1998, by Arista Records. It is Cox's most successful song, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for eight weeks and spending a then-record 14 weeks at number one on the Hot R&B Singles & Tracks chart. In 2017, Billboard ranked the song at number five on its "Greatest of All Time Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs" chart.

## Critical reception

Larry Flick of Billboard wrote, "Cox previews her second album with a stirring old-school soul ballad that's perhaps the best vocal showcase she's ever had. The groove cruises at a languid, finger-poppin' jeep pace, giving her plenty of room to get down and dirty, vamping as if she's lived every syllable of the song's tale of a love fraught with drama. Justice prevailing, pop and R&B radio programmers will find this a refreshing change of pace from the saccharine ballads currently glutting the airwaves. And if they don't, they'll have Hex Hector's wholly accessible uptempo dance reconstruction to embrace. It's easily among the best efforts of the young remixer's career. In all, this is a fine single hinting that Cox is about to pay off on all of the promise and hype generated by her first album two years ago."

## Commercial performance

"Nobody's Supposed to Be Here" reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 on the week of December 5, 1998, and remained there for eight consecutive weeks, making it one of the longest stays at number two in Billboard history. The song ranked at number nine on the Billboard year-end chart for 1999. The song reached number one on Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart on the week of November 7, 1998, and remained there for 14 weeks. At the end of 1999, "Nobody's Supposed to Be Here" ranked at number two on the Hot R&B/Hip Hop Singles & Tracks year-end chart. The song was remixed by dance music producer Hex Hector, and peaked at number one on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart in the week of October 24, 1998. As of 1999, the song has sold 1,900,000 copies in the United States and has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

## Awards

* 1998: Soul Train Award for Best R&B/Soul Single – Female
* 1999: Soul Train Lady of Soul Award for Best R&B/Soul Song of the Year

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,900,000 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United States | August 7, 1998 | Radio | Arista |
| United States | September 15, 1998 | 12-inch vinylCDcassette | Arista |
| United Kingdom | September 27, 1999 | CDcassette | AristaBMG |
# Gottlieb Mohnike

Gottlieb Christian Friedrich Mohnike (6 January 1781 – 6 July 1841) was a German pastor and philologist who was a native of Grimmen. He was the father of physician Otto Gottlieb Mohnike (1814–1887).
He studied theology at the Universities of Greifswald and Jena, afterwards spending several years as a private instructor on the island of Rügen. In 1813 he became pastor at St. Jakobi Church in Stralsund, and in 1824 was awarded an honorary doctorate of theology from the University of Greifswald.
Mohnike was a founder of Nordic philology, being remembered for his translation and edition of the Heimskringla and Færeyinga saga. He published several translated works by the Swedish poet Esaias Tegnér (1782-1846), that included Die Frithjofs Sage. Also, he conducted extensive studies of Greek and Roman literature, hymnology and the history of Pomerania.
Throughout his career he maintained friendships and correspondence with writer Ernst Moritz Arndt (1769-1860) and philosopher Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert (1780-1860).