OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1792 half disme

The 1792 half disme (/ˈdiːm/ DEEM) is an American silver coin with a face value of five cents (1⁄20 U.S. dollar) which was minted in 1792. Although it is subject to debate as to whether this was intended to be circulating coinage or instead an experimental issue, President George Washington referred to it as "a small beginning" and many of the coins eventually were released into circulation. It is widely (although not universally) considered the first United States coinage struck under authority of the Coinage Act of 1792.

## Description

The coin is 16.5 mm (0.65 in) in diameter. The obverse depicts the head of Liberty and the inscription LIB. PAR. OF SCIENCE & INDUSTRY, "Liberty, parent of Science and Industry." The reverse shows UNI. STATES OF AMERICA and HALF DISME along with an eagle and a star.

## Origins

When speaking to the House of Representatives in November 1792, President Washington mentioned the "want of small coins in circulation" and stated that he had begun work on establishing a U.S. Mint and that some half dismes had been produced already. At this point, most of the personnel had been hired, but the Mint's buildings and machinery were not yet ready. As a result, the half dismes, which had been struck in or around July 1792, were produced using the private facilities of local craftsman John Harper, although under the auspices of official Mint personnel. In his personal log book, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson recorded the receipt of 1,500 specimens on July 13.
Because of President Washington's connection with these early coins, numismatic folklore holds that the portrait on the obverse is that of First Lady Martha Washington and that some of the coins were struck using melted-down silverware from the Washington household. However, there is no solid evidence for either of these assertions. To the contrary, evidence uncovered from Thomas Jefferson's memorandum book shows that he provided "75 (Mexican) Silver Dollars" and received the first 1,500 half dismes. He then spent those coins on his trip home to Monticello.

## Production, rarity, and value

Although the exact number is not known, it is believed that between 2,000 and 3,500 specimens were produced. Approximately 10% of these survive today; one expert estimated between 250 and 400 half dismes exist, and most appear to have been used in circulation for some time. An about uncirculated (AU55 on the Sheldon coin grading scale) 1792 half disme was auctioned for $138,000 on July 24, 2004. A 1792 half disme graded MS65 was valued in 2018 on the American reality television series Pawn Stars at $500,000–600,000. A specimen strike from the Starr collection, graded MS67 by PCGS, sold for $1,322,500 on April 26, 2006. The highest numerically graded piece, an NGC MS68, sold for $1,500,000 by private treaty transaction in 2007.
Although nearly all 1792 half dismes were produced in a silver alloy, a unique pattern piece in copper is also known.
# Keith Johnson (neurologist)

Keith Johnson is an American neurologist and radiologist. He is Professor of Radiology and Neurology at the Harvard Medical School, and Associate Radiologist and Director of Molecular Neuroimaging at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He also is co-director of the Neuroimaging Program of the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center.
He earned an M.D. at University of Kansas School of Medicine in 1981, and completed his residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital in 1986.
He is one of the top highly-cited researchers (h>100) according to Webometrics.
# Ibish

Ibish may refer to:
* Hussein Ibish, American author and Arab advocate
* Yerizak, Armenia
# List of Maltese football transfers winter 2012–13

This is a list of Maltese football transfers for the 2012–13 winter transfer window by club. Only transfers of clubs in the Maltese Premier League and Maltese First Division are included.
The winter transfer window opened on 2 January 2013, although a few transfers may take place prior to that date. The window closed at midnight on 31 January 2013. Players without a club may join one at any time, either during or in between transfer windows.

## Maltese Premier League
### Balzan

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Birkirkara

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Floriana

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | FW | ENG | Francis Jeffers (released) |

### Hibernians

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Ħamrun Spartans

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Melita

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Mosta

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 66 | DF | MLT | Luke Dimech (to Valletta) |

### Qormi

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Rabat Ajax

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Sliema Wanderers

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Tarxien Rainbows

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | FW | BRA | Danilo Santos (to Santa Cruz) |

### Valletta

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | DF | MLT | Luke Dimech (from Mosta) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

## Maltese First Division
### Birzebbuga St.Peters

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Dingli Swallows

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Gudja United

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Gżira United

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Lija Athletic

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Marsaxlokk

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Mqabba

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Naxxar Lions

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Pietà Hotspurs

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### St. Andrews

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Vittoriosa Stars

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

### Zejtun Corinthians

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |

## Manager Transfers

| Name | Moving from | Moving to | Source |
# Bordaia furva

Bordaia furva is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is endemic to Western Australia.
# Kongad-II

Kongad-II is a village in the Palakkad district, state of Kerala, India. Along with Kongad-I, it is administered by the Kongad gram panchayat.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kongad-II had a population of 14,406 with 6,880 males and 7,526 females.
# Al-ʽUrban

Al-ʽUrban is a town in northwestern Libya, in the Jabal al Gharbi District. Prior to 2007 it was located at the Gharyan District. It is close to the capital of the district, Gharyan, and is roughly 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the country's capital, Tripoli. It is the home of three tribes: Awlad Al-brek, Gmata, and Jaãfra.
# Black-oil equations

The black-oil equations are a set of partial differential equations that describe fluid flow in a petroleum reservoir, constituting the mathematical framework for a black-oil reservoir simulator. The term black-oil refers to the fluid model, in which water is modeled explicitly together with two hydrocarbon components, one (pseudo) oil phase and one (pseudo-)gas phase. This is in contrast with a compositional formulation, in which each hydrocarbon component (arbitrary number) is handled separately.
The equations of an extended black-oil model are:
    ${\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\left[\phi \left({\frac {S_{o}}{B_{o}}}+{\frac {R_{V}S_{g}}{B_{g}}}\right)\right]+\nabla \cdot \left({\frac {1}{B_{o}}}{\vec {u}}_{o}+{\frac {R_{V}}{B_{g}}}{\vec {u}}_{g}\right)=0$
    ${\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\left[\phi \left({\frac {S_{w}}{B_{w}}}\right)\right]+\nabla \cdot \left({\frac {1}{B_{w}}}{\vec {u}}_{w}\right)=0$
    ${\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\left[\phi \left({\frac {R_{S}S_{o}}{B_{o}}}+{\frac {S_{g}}{B_{g}}}\right)\right]+\nabla \cdot \left({\frac {R_{S}}{B_{o}}}{\vec {u}}_{o}+{\frac {1}{B_{g}}}{\vec {u}}_{g}\right)=0$
where $\phi$ is a porosity of the porous medium, $S_{w}$ is a water saturation, $S_{o},S_{g}$ are saturations of liquid ("oil") and vapor ("gas") phases in the reservoir, ${\vec {u}}_{o},{\vec {u}}_{w},{\vec {u}}_{g}$ are Darcy velocities of the liquid phase, water phase and vapor phase in the reservoir. The oil and gas at the surface (standard conditions) could be produced from both liquid and vapor phases existing at high pressure and temperature of reservoir conditions. This is characterized by the following quantities:
$B_{o}$ is an oil
formation volume factor (ratio of some volume of reservoir liquid to the volume of oil at standard conditions obtained from the same volume of reservoir liquid),
$B_{w}$ is a water formation volume factor (ratio of volume of water at reservoir conditions to volume of water at standard conditions),
$B_{g}$ is a gas formation volume factor (ratio of some volume of reservoir vapor to the volume of gas at standard conditions obtained from the same volume of reservoir vapor),
$R_{S}$ is a solution of gas in oil phase (ratio of volume of gas to the volume of oil at standard conditions obtained from some amount of liquid phase at reservoir conditions),
$R_{V}$ is a vaporized oil in gas phase (ratio of volume of oil to the volume of gas at standard conditions obtained from some amount of vapor phase at reservoir conditions).
# Phidiana bourailli

Phidiana bourailli is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine, gastropod mollusk in the family Facelinidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from New Caledonia. It has been reported from Tanzania, Australia, the Marshall Islands and the Mariana Islands.
# S. V. Venugopan Nair

S. V. Venugopan Nair (18 April 1945 – 23 August 2022) was an Indian writer, who wrote in Malayalam. He has won many awards including the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama and Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story.

## Biography

He was born on 18 April 1945, to P. Sadasivan Thampi and J. V. Vishalakshiamma, in Neyyattinkara, in the present-day Trivandrum district of Kerala, India.
He completed his education from Kulathoor High School in Neyyattinkara and University College, Trivandrum. Nair completed Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Malayalam literature. He started working as a college lecturer in 1965. He worked in Scott Christian College in Nagercoil and in several colleges managed by Nair Service Society in Kerala, including the N.S.S. College, Cherthala, the VTM NSS College, Dhanuvachapuram, the NSS College, Nilamel, the NSS College, Ottapalam and the N.S.S College, Manjeri.
He was married to Valsala, and the couple had two sons and a daughter. Nair died on 23 August 2022, at the age of 77.

## List of works
### Short story collections

* Mruthithalam (Kottayam: S.P.C.S., 1979)
* Adiseshan (Kottayam: N.B.S., 1983)
* Rekhayillatha Oraal (Chirayinkeezhu: Saritha, 1984)
* Garbhasreeman (Kottayam: S.P.C.S.)
* Rekhayillatha Oral (Chirayinkeezhu: Saritha, 1984)
* Thiktham, Theekshnam, Thimiram (Kottayam: N.B.S., 1983, collection of three novelettes)
* Bhoomiputhrante Vazhi (Kottayam: DC Books, 1987)
* Ottappalam (Kottayam: Vidyarthi Mithram, 1990)
* Madyakala Kathakal (Kottayam: S.P.C.S., 1994)
* Kathakaladisadaram (Kottayam: Current Books, 1996, 12 stories)
* Ente Paradaivangal (Kottayam: DC Books, 1997, 18 stories)
* Veedinte Nanartham (Trivandrum: Chintha, 1998)
* Kamatheertham (Trivandrum: Maluben, 2001, 23 stories written between 1967 and 2001)
* 51 Thiranjedutha Kathakal (Kottayam: S.P.C.S., 2010, 51 stories)
* S.V.yude Kathakal Sampoornam (Trivandrum: Maluben, 2018, complete collection of short stories)

### Other

* Jim Prabhu (Kottayam: DC Books, 1983, Translation of Joseph Conrad's Lord Jim)
* Aa Manushyan (Kottayam: DC Books, 1984, Translation of Amrita Pritam's That Man)
* Chuvanna Akathalathinte Kinavu (Kottayam: DC Books, 1985, Translation of Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber)
* Vātsalyarasaṃ C. V. Yude Akhyāyikakaḷil (Kottayam: Current Books, 1995, Study on C. V. Raman Pillai's works)
* Hāsyam Novel Silpathil (Trivandrum: Maluben, 1997, Study on the works of C. V. Raman Pillai, O. Chandhu Menon, Basheer and O. V. Vijayan)
* Malayāla Bhāsha Charitram (Trivandrum: Maluben, 2000, History of Malayalam language)
* Swadeshabhimani (Neyyattinkara: Swadeshabhimani Books, 2016, drama)

## Awards

* 2017: Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama – Swadeshabhimani
* 2003: Padmarajan Award – "Bandhanasthanaya Anirudhan" (published in Kalakaumudi, 2003)
* 2000: Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award - Veedinte Nanartham
* 1990: Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story – Bhoomiputhrante Vazhi
* 1984: Edasseri Award – Rekhayillatha Oral
# Banana Lake

Banana Lake or is a 268-acre (1,080,000 m$^2$) natural freshwater lake in southeast Lakeland, Florida. Before 1860 this lake was called Mud Lake. A family homesteaded at the lake and planted bananas, amongst other types of fruit. By 1890 the lake was known by its current name. Banana Lake is in a suburban area. Residential areas and agricultural areas surround it. To the southwest 200 feet (61 m) is Little Banana Lake. Lake Stahl is 400 feet (120 m) to the northwest. Just to the north of Lake Stahl is the Sanlan Golf Course, which also borders Banana Lake.
On the south shore of the lake is Banana Lake Park, which has an address of 5002 Tillery Road. This park contains picnic shelters and tables, a paved walking trail, restrooms, a playground, a boat ramp and a fishing pier. A parking lot is at the west side of the park. Boats can reach Lake Stahl via a canal that connects the two lakes.
# Kelly McEvers

Kelly McEvers is an American journalist. McEvers is host of NPR's "Embedded" podcast. She was a co-host of NPR's flagship newsmagazine All Things Considered until February 2018 . Before this she was a foreign correspondent for NPR, in which she covered momentous international events including the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq, Middle East uprisings associated with the Arab Spring, and the Syrian civil war.

## Career

McEvers graduated from Lincoln Community High School in 1988. McEvers began her career as a reporter for the Chicago Tribune in 1997. She went on to cover Cambodia for the BBC in 1999–2000, then Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore after 9/11 as an independent reporter. During the next several years, she continued to work as a freelance journalist in other areas of the world. McEvers covered the former Soviet Union from 2004 to 2006 for PRI's The World, in the course of which she was detained by Russian security forces.
From 2007 to 2009, she helped produce the award-winning series "Working" for the radio program Marketplace, filing several stories on topics ranging from sex workers in Azerbaijan to bankers in Dubai.
McEvers has covered the Middle East as an independent journalist and for NPR, from Saudi Arabia to Iraq in 2010, then at various locations in 2011 during the Arab Spring. She moved to Beirut in 2012. In 2013, she made a radio documentary about her time as a war correspondent called Diary of a Bad Year.
On September 21, 2015, McEvers joined NPR's All Things Considered as a co-host. In 2016, she became the host of NPR podcast Embedded.
McEvers has also written for the Christian Science Monitor, New York Times Magazine, Esquire, Foreign Policy. The New Republic, Slate, The Washington Monthly, and the San Francisco Chronicle.
She was a fellow at the International Center for Journalists.

## Personal life

McEvers was born in Lincoln, Illinois. She has a B.A. from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and an M.S. in journalism from Northwestern University.
She is married to Nathan Deuel, who is also a reporter and writer, and they have one daughter.
# Pisan calendar

The Pisan calendar, also referred to as the stile pisano ("Pisan style") or the calculus Pisanus ("Pisan calculation"), was the calendar used in the Republic of Pisa in Italy during the Middle Ages, which differed from the traditional Julian calendar.

## Beginning of the year

The Pisan year began on 25 March, and not on 1 January, with the apparent year lying ahead of the traditional Julian calendar. Thus, 24 March 1200 was followed by 25 March 1201 (not 1200, as it would remain in the Julian calendar), and 31 December 1201 would then be followed by 1 January 1201, which was the point at which the two calendars synchronised. This is the reason that most dates have an apparent discrepancy of one year, as the two calendars differ for just over nine months of each cycle. For example, a birth date of 10 September 1552 in Pisan reckoning translates to 10 September 1551 in the Julian calendar.
Beginning the year on a date other than 1 January was common during the mediaeval period. The first day of the year falling on 25 March meant that the Pisan calendar was in the stile dell'Annunciazione ("style of the Annunciation") or stile dell'Incarnazione ("style of the Incarnation") - also styled in Latin as ab [Dominica] incarnatione ("by the [Lord's] Incarnation") - by reference to the Solemnity of the Annunciation, and similar calendars saw use in Cortona and Pistoia. The Florentine, Sienese, English and Scottish calendars were also in this style, but confusingly ran behind the Julian calendar rather than ahead, resulting in them lying exactly one year behind of the Pisan calendar. By contrast, calendars in the stile della Natività ("style of the Nativity") as in Arezzo, Assisi and Perugia began on the Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord (Christmas) on 25 December, the Venetian calendar began on 1 March until the Fall of the Venetian Republic, and the French year on Easter day until 1564. The traditional Julian calendar was sometimes said to be in the stile della Circoncisione ("style of the Circumcision"). See beginning of the year.

## End of use

Italy was one of the few regions to immediately convert from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian: 4 October 1582 was followed by 15 October 1582, the latter being the first day of the new Gregorian calendar. Not until 1749, however, were the ancient calendars definitively outlawed in Tuscany: in that year the recently appointed Grand Duke and Holy Roman Emperor, Francis I, ordered that, starting from 1750, the first of January should become the first day of the year, thus having the "peoples of Tuscia" conform to all the others. A plaque in Latin commemorating the grand ducal/imperial decree is affixed to the west wall of the Loggia dei Lanzi, in Piazza della Signoria in Florence.
# Kongad-I

Kongad-I is a village in the Palakkad district, state of Kerala, India. Along with Kongad-II, it is administered by the Kongad gram panchayat.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kongad-I had a population of 13,387 with 6,408 males and 6,979 females.
# Al-Hidbah

Al-Hidbah is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Järnefelt

Järnefelt is a surname originating in Sweden and Finland. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aino Sibelius (née Järnefelt; 1871–1969), Finnish wife of composer Jean Sibelius
* Alexander Järnefelt (1833–1896), Finnish general, political figure, and topographer
* Armas Järnefelt (1869–1958), Finnish composer and conductor
* Arvid Järnefelt (1861–1932), Finnish judge and writer
* Eero Järnefelt (1863–1937), Finnish realist painter
* Elisabeth Järnefelt (1839–1929), “mother of Finnish art and culture”
* Eero Järnefelt (diplomat) (1888-1970), diplomat, ambassador. Son of Arvid
* Gustaf Järnefelt (1901–1989), Finnish astronomer
* Maikki Järnefelt (1871–1929), Finnish opera singer
# 1876 in Brazil

Events in the year 1876 in Brazil.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Pedro II
* Prime Minister – Duke of Caxias

## Events

28 April - Francisco, a slave, becomes the last person to be executed in Brazil, after murdering his masters, being hanged in Pilar, Alagoas.
# Keiichi Ishizaka

Keiichi Ishizaka (石坂 敬一, Ishizaka Keiichi, August 25, 1945 – December 31, 2016) was a Japanese music industry executive who was the chairman of Recording Industry Association of Japan.

## Personal life

Born in Saitama-ken, he learned the music of Japan while studying Business Administration at Keio University. He graduated in 1968 in the same school.

### EMI days

Ishizaka became an inside director in 1968 before being promoted at Toshiba-EMI in 1991 and stayed until 1993. He was called "Mr. Beatles" for endless efforts of promoting the British band's albums in Japan.

### PolyGram/Universal days

In 1998, Ishizaka became the executive director of Universal Music Japan. Three years later, he became the company's CEO, and in October 2006 he became the chairman until November 2009, when he retired. He was replaced as UMG Japan's CEO the same month by former A&R VP and Def Jam Japan GM Koike Kazuhiko.

### RIAJ chairmanship

Ishizaka was the RIAJ's chairman from July 2007, until he was replaced by Sony Music Japan CEO Naoki Kitagawa in the RIAJ presidency in June 2011.

### Warner days

In November 2011, Keiichi Ishizaka became the CEO and chairman of Warner Music Japan, replacing Hirokazu Tanaka who served as the acting head of the company since the October 2010 death of Takashi Yoshida. After three years, he resigned on April 1, 2014.

## Awards

In November 2009, Ishizaka was awarded with a Medal of Honour with blue ribbon by the Government of Japan. He was later awarded the Order of the Rising Sun on November 3, 2015.
# Iapichino

Iapichino is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dennis Iapichino (born 1990), Swiss footballer
* Gianni Iapichino (born 1969), Italian athletics coach and former pole vaulter, long jumper and heptathlete
* Larissa Iapichino (born 2002), Italian long jumper
# Botany Mills

Botany Mills was a Passaic, New Jersey, manufacturer of textiles, which was organized in 1887. It merged with Continental Textile Co., Ltd., in January 1927. Botany Mills continued to have a controlling interest in both Botany Worsted Mills and Garfield Worsted Mills. The company was a key target of the 1926 Passaic Textile Strike, which lasted almost a year. The business is significant for having survived the Great Depression while continuing to be a leader in its field in the decades afterward.

## Corporation history

Botany Mills' stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange reached a low for 1929 in late September, a month prior to the 1929 Stock Market Crash. The company's net loss of $2,768,904 for 1929, exceeded the 1928 deficit which totaled $1,461,783.
In June 1932 Botany Mills formed an independent bondholders protective committee which called for immediate deposits of bonds. The firm had descended into receivership after defaulting on the payment of interest on its bonds on April 1, 1932. The Empire Trust Company served as depositary for the committee.
In October 1948 Botany Mills announced that it would absorb higher raw material and labor costs without raising prices on goods. They maintained prices on wool shirts and pants as well as on their swimming trunk line. However their gabardine boxer shorts increased in price from $6.95 to $7.50 retail.
In August 1954, Daroff and Sons, a Philadelphia clothing manufacturer which had produced worsteds for Botany under contract for several years, purchased a controlling interest in Botany Mills.
In late 1955, Botany left the textile business and transferred its Passaic plant to an affiliate company, Clarence Worsted. Botany transitioned into real estate, product licensing and cosmetics.
# Kohali, Jhelum

Kohali is a village and union council of Jhelum District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Sohawa Tehsil, and located at 31°8'0N 72°48'0E with an altitude of 166 metres (547 feet).
# Alan Alexander

Alan Alexander may refer to:
* Alan Alexander (academic) (born 1943), Scottish academic, writer and public servant
* Alan Alexander (footballer) (born 1941), Scottish footballer