OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Harley (mathematician)

Robert Harley (23 January 1828 – 26 July 1910) was an English Congregational minister and mathematician.

## Life

Born in Liverpool on 23 January 1828, he was third son of Robert Harley by his wife Mary, daughter of William Stevenson, and niece of General Stevenson of Ayr.. The father, after a career as a merchant, became a minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Association. Harley's mathematical aptitude developed at school in Blackburn under William Hoole, and age 16 he was appointed to a mathematical mastership at Seacombe, near Liverpool, returning later to teach at Blackburn.
In 1854 Harley entered the Congregational ministry, and was at Brighouse, Yorkshire, until 1868, after a time also filling the chair of mathematics and logic at Airedale College from 1864 to 1868. In 1863 he was admitted Fellow of the Royal Society. He acted as secretary of the A section of the British Association at meetings at Norwich (1868) and Edinburgh (1871); and was a vice-president of the meetings at Bradford (1873), Bath (1888), and Cardiff (1891).
From 1868 to 1872 he was pastor of the oldest Congregational church in Leicester, and from 1872 to 1881 was vice-principal of Mill Hill School, where he officiated in the chapel. At Mill Hill he was instrumental in erecting a public lecture hall for total abstinence talks as well as popular entertainment and instruction. From 1882 to 1885 he was principal of Huddersfield College, and from 1886 to 1890 minister of the Congregational church in Oxford, where he was made hon. M.A. in 1886.
Having taken a ministerial appointment in Australia, Harley was pastor of Heath Church, Halifax, from 1892 until 1895, when he retired and settled at Forest Hill, near London. He continued to preach in London and the provinces, and as a temperance advocate.
Harley died at Rosslyn, Westbourne Road, Forest Hill, on 26 July 1910, and was buried in Ladywell cemetery.

## Works

Throughout his career mathematics remained a major interest for Harley. He spent time on the theory of equations, especially the theory of the general equation of the fifth degree. His conclusions, which were published in Memoirs of the Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc 1860, xv. 172–219, were independently reached at the same time by Sir James Cockle. Harley's two further papers on the Theory of Quintics and an exposition of Cockle's method of symmetric products in Phil. Trans. (1860) attracted the attention of Arthur Cayley, who carried the research further.
Harley failed to complete the treatise on quintics which he had begun, but continued to publish. A sketch of the life and work of George Boole appeared in the British Quarterly Review (July 1866), and a memoir of his friend, Sir James Cockle, is in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. lix.

## Family

In 1854 Harley married Sara, daughter of James Stroyan of Wigan; she died in 1905. Upon his death he was survived by two sons and a daughter.
Their son Harold Harley (1860–1937), using the pen name Mark Ambient, was a dramatist and librettist of musical comedies.
# Robert Hankinson (priest)

Robert Edwards Hankinson (1798–1868) was Archdeacon of Norwich from 1 July 1857 until his death.
Hankinson was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He held livings in Norwich, Hampstead, Kings Lynn, Halesworth and North Creake.
He died on 28 March 1868.
# John T. Lyle

John T. Lyle (1934–1998) was a professor of landscape architecture at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona); the Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies at Cal Poly Pomona and the Lyle plaza at the entrance to Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College are named after him.
He is the author of such books as Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development and Design for Human Ecosystems. Lyle was the principal architect for the Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies at Cal Poly Pomona and the principal landscape architect for the Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College.
# John T. Ludeling

John Theodore Ludeling (January 17, 1827 – January 27, 1891) was chief justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court from November 1, 1868 to January 9, 1877.

## Early life, education, and career

Born in Monroe, Louisiana, Ludeling entered Saint Louis University at the age of 12, but did receive a degree. He read law in Monroe to gain admission to the bar in Louisiana. He was a lifelong Republican, opposing secession at the outset of the American Civil War, and refusing to take up arms against either side. His principled neutrality won him political support, and after the war he was called to serve in the 1867 Constitutional Convention.

## Judicial service and later life

In 1868, Governor Henry C. Warmoth appointed Ludeling Chief Justice of the state supreme court, making him the fifth person to hold that office, but the first Louisiana native to do so. Ludeling served until 1877, when Governor Francis T. Nicholls appointed an entirely new court.
Ludeling thereafter attained great wealth as president of Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway.

## Personal life and death

In 1855, Ludeling married Maria Copley Larkin, with whom he had four children. Later in life, he retired to a plantation home near Monroe called Killeden Plantation. He died there at the age of 68, following a period of heart disease.
# John Rivers (pirate)

John Rivers (died 1719) was a pirate best known for leading a settlement and trading post on Madagascar.

## History

The English Courteen Association attempted to sponsor a colony at St. Augustine on the south-western Madagascar coast. Colonists landed in 1645 but by the following year disease, famine, and conflict with the native Malagasy reduced their numbers too far and the colonists fled; within a few decades the bay surrounding St. Augustine was a favorite stopping point for pirates.
Ex-pirate Rivers set up a small settlement and trading post at St. Augustine in 1686. He charged trading fees to merchants and slavers who came to exchange goods. Fellow pirate John Halsey visited St. Augustine Bay in 1705, as did John Bowen and Thomas White. Castaway sailor Robert Drury survived the loss of the Degrave in 1703 and spent many years in service to various native Kings, as well as visiting John Pro and other ex-pirate traders. In his memoir he recalled how Samuel Burgess traveled to St. Augustine to buy slaves. Drury often searched for a way to escape the island, looking for a place where American or European ships might stop so he could beg for passage. He was not enthusiastic about his chances of finding passage off Madagascar from St. Augustine:
“And when I came to consider that ships come to this country, and the poor condition of St. Augustine Bay rendered it very unlikely they should come to trade there, I did not find; but I was by this providence likely to get sooner to England than any other place where I had yet been.”
Rivers died in 1719, the same year as fellow pirate traders Pro and Thomas Collins.
# John Rixman

John Rixman was a 16th century English priest.
Rixman was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He was Principal of St Mary Hall, Oxford from 1532 to 1537. held livings at St Petroc, Trevalga, St Clement Danes, London; St Mary's Church, Berry Pomeroy and St Mary, Churston Ferrers. He was Archdeacon of Cornwall from 1554 until 1557.
# Robert Fuller

Robert, Bobby, Robbie, Rob or Bob Fuller may refer to:

## Academics

* Robert W. Fuller (born 1936), American president of Oberlin College
* Robert C. Fuller (born 1952), American professor of religious studies

## Performers

* Robert Fuller (actor) (born 1933), American TV Western star
* Bob Fuller (1898–after 1935), American blues and jazz saxophonist and clarinetist
* Bobby Fuller (1942–1966), American rock and roll singer and guitarist

## Sportsmen

* Robert Fuller (footballer) (born 1964), Australian rules footballer
* Robbie Fuller, British speedway racer in 1984 through 1988 British League season
* Rob Fuller (racing driver) (born 1973), American stock car racing driver

## Wrestlers

* Robert Fuller (wrestler) (born 1949), American wrestler and manager, birth name Robert Welch
* Robert Fuller Jr. (born 1958), American wrestler, birth name Robert Gibson

## Others

* Robert Fuller (FBI agent), American counter-terrorism agent since 1990s
* Robert E. Fuller (born 1972), English wildlife artist
* Robert L. Fuller (1996–2020), African American found hanged in California
# Robert Fulke Greville (landowner)

Robert Fulke Greville (8 January 1800 – 12 September 1867) was a politician, soldier and landowner of the early Victorian era, the son of Regency courtier Robert Fulke Greville and Louisa, 2nd Countess of Mansfield.
Greville stood as a Parliamentary candidate for Pembrokeshire in the general election of 1831, but was defeated, and went to live abroad, embarking on a military career. Returning to Milford Haven in 1853, he took up residence in Castle Hall. He served as High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire for 1854.
He made great efforts to have the railway extended to the town of Milford Haven, which had been founded by his great uncle Sir William Hamilton, and aided by his nephew, Charles Francis Greville (Robert's uncle). He constructed a pier and other facilities to encourage sea traffic with Ireland. He also constructed gasworks and waterworks, eventually running out of money for improvements and dying in debt.
# Robert Ledingham

Major Robert Ledingham (27 February 1893 - 27 February 1969) was a Scottish rugby union player. He was the 75th President of the Scottish Rugby Union.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

He played for Aberdeen GSFP.
He played in the North of Scotland cup for Aberdeen GSFP against Panumure on 30 March 1912. Panmure won the match 6 - 3.

### Provincial career

The North of Scotland District held a trial match for selection in 1911. Two sides were organised: the Reds and the Blue & Whites. Ledingham was in the Reds side.
He did enough to secure a space in the North XV which played Midlands District on 4 November 1911.

### Administrative career

He was elected to the Scottish Rugby Union board in 1927, representing the North of Scotland District.
He became the 75th President of the Scottish Rugby Union. He served the standard one year from 1961 to 1962.
A dinner was held at Aberdeen University to celebrate Ledingham being elected President of the SRU. It was remarked that he had been club secretary for 42 years.
He opened the new floodlights at Kelso in 1961.

## Military career

Ledingham joined the 4th Gordons in 1910 as a private.
In 1912 he joined the 1st Highland Brigade R. F. A. When the First World War started he was sent to France and was there for 3 years. He was gassed in March 1918.
He was demobilised in 1919 with the rank of captain.
He joined the Territorial Army and served with the 75th Brigade (Royal Artillery). He made the rank of major in 1933 joining the Reserve of Officers.
In the Second World War he joined the 126th Field Regiment of the Royal Artillery but he was invalided from the army in April 1940.
He was appointed to command the Aberdeen Works Battalion of the Aberdeen Home Guard in 1940.
He was made acting Lieutenant Colonel in February 1945.

## Law career

Ledingham was an advocate. He graduated from Aberdeen University with a law degree in 1913. He won a prize for his work on International Law at the university in 1914. He was a partner in the firm Edmonds and Ledingham. His father Alexander Ledingham was also an advocate.

## Other interests

He came third in Scottish Inter-University Sports in the 120 yards dash in 1913. He was a runner-up in the 1920 Aberdeen University Sports Day in the 120 years dash.
He was a keen tennis player, playing in the Stonehaven Open of 1921. He played for the Osborne tennis club.
He was the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of the South Aberdeen Unionist Association. However he resigned his position on being elected auditor to the Sheriff Court in 1934.
He was Treasurer of the Aberdeen Philosophical Society.

## Death

He died in 1969. He is buried at the Springbank Cemetery in Aberdeen, alongside his father.
# John of Hoo

John of Hoo was an early fourteenth-century Abbot of Vale Royal Abbey, Cheshire. His abbacy was from around 1308–09 to 1314–15.
   "His surname was Hoo, which being interpreted means Rousing-up, for if one wants to rouse a man up, one calls out Hoo! that is to say : "Arise and make ready." And he was fittingly called Hoo, because he had been roused by the voice of God...
– The Ledger of Vale Royal
Hoo appears to have been something of a disciplinarian, even to point on occasion of expelling monks for the convent for their transgressions. He also continued his predecessor's feud with the Justice of Chester, Robert Holland, complaining that Holland repeatedly deprived the Abbey and its tenants of their forestry rights in Cheshire. Further, Hoo claimed, Holland also prevented him from exercising the Abbot's feudal jurisdiction over prisoners captured on the Abbey's own demesne lands. On the other hand, the Abbey's own chronicler described Hoo as a "good, gentle and simple" man. The financial problems of the Abbey—which had plagued its existence since its foundation—increased under Hoo's guardianship, and a few years into his office, in 1311, £200 was still owed to one of the custodians of the works from 1284.
John of Hoo is one of the earliest Abbots of Vale Royal known to have explicitly resigned his office. He is also the only one of those who did whose reasons are known: not only his old age and infirmity, but also "the ill will of the common people," to whom he had made himself so unpopular.
# John Van Wie Bergamini

John Van Wie Bergamini (August 12, 1888 – January 15, 1975) was an American missionary architect who worked for the American Episcopal Mission in China, Japan, the Philippines and Africa.

## Early life and education

Born in Athens, New York in 1888. Bergamini studied first at the Cooper Union, between 1908 and 1911 at the Columbia University School of Architecture, and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

## Architectural career

In 1911 he was commissioned by the Congregational Church to design and build a two-story brick mission hospital in Shanxi, China. He stayed in China until 1920 when he was appointed official architect of the Episcopal Church in the Far East. During his architectural career he was credited with the design of over 200 churches, hospitals, schools and residential structures in China, Japan, the Philippines, Liberia, Mexico and the United States.
His 1929 membership for the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects was sponsored by Antonin Raymond, Robert D. Kohn and Samuel Bishop. Bergamini obtained a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree at Yale University in 1934
Active in Hankou, China, where in advance of Japanese air raids in 1937 he supervised construction of air raid shelters at St. Hilda's School for Girls. Interned with his family in Baguio, Luzon as a prisoner of war during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.

## Notable buildings

Principal works include:
* St. Margaret's School, Tokyo (1932), chapel and school facilities.
* St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo (1933) main building. Chapel interior succeeding the work of Antonin Raymond
* The National Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St. Mary and St. John in Quezon City.

## Family

Married Clara Dorothy Hawke in 1919. Father of five children including American historian and author David Bergamini.
# John Van Valkenburg

John Van Valkenburg (April 6, 1832 – October 15, 1890) was a Canadian-born American lawyer and politician active in Iowa. Van Valkenburg was the Supreme Chancellor of the World of the Knights of Pythias from 1884 to 1886, and was the author of the standard works of Pythianism. He was also a leader in the Odd Fellows.

## Biography

Van Valkenburg came to Iowa with his parents when he was nine years old. The family settled on a farm in Lee County in 1846. After attending a preparatory school, he entered Oberlin College, but continued his education at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, where he graduated. After completing his studies, he was elected principal of the State Normal School of Iowa. He held this position for one year. At the end of this period he chose the law as his profession and joined the firm of Goudy, Waite & Jamieson in Chicago. He was admitted to the bar on 15 October 1857, and practiced law in Fort Madison, Iowa, from the following July until a week before his death. He was a Republican, a district presidential elector in 1864, an elector-at-large in 1876, and a district elector again in 1884. He was a candidate for the congressional nomination in 1874, but was defeated by George W. McCrary.
Van Valkenburg was a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. (Odd Fellows). He was initiated at Fort Madison Lodge on 22 January 1868. He was elected Grand Master of the Order in Iowa in 1880, Grand Representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge the following June, and was re-elected Grand Representative in June 1884. He was a charter member of Gem City Lodge, No. 21, Knights of Pythias, of Fort Madison, and was its first Vice Chancellor. He was elected Grand Chancellor of Iowa in 1875 and re-elected two years later. He was elected Supreme Chancellor of the World, the highest office in the Order, on 23 April 1884 at the Supreme Lodge meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana, and served in that capacity until July 1886.

## Writings

* Valkenburg, John Van (1886). The Knights of Pythias Complete Manual and Text-book. Memento Publishing Company.
* Valkenburg, John Van (1889). The Jewels of Pythian Knighthood. Pettibone Manufacturing Company.
# Robert Nelson (economist)

Robert Henry Nelson (1944 – December 15, 2018) was an American economist who was professor of environmental policy in the University of Maryland School of Public Policy and a senior fellow of the Independent Institute. He authored over 100 journal articles and edited book chapters, as well as nine books. Nelson was a nationally recognized authority in areas including the management of public land and zoning in the United States, but is best known for his books about the relationship between economics, environmentalism, and Christianity.
In a review of Economics As Religion: From Samuelson to Chicago and Beyond, economist Robert Tollison wrote that "Nelson's basic thesis is that economics is more like a religion than a science. In fact, he argues that economics in the twentieth century has virtually supplanted organized religion with a creed of material progress." Economist David Colander described Reaching for Heaven on Earth: The Theological Meaning of Economics as arguing that "the economics profession is the priesthood of a powerful secular religion." Nelson's book The New Holy Wars: Economic Religion versus Environmental Religion was silver medal winner in the “Finance, Investment, Economics” category of the 2010 Independent Publisher Book Awards.

## Books

* The Use and Management of Federal Coal (PERC, 2017)
* God? Very Probably: Five Rational Ways to Think about the Question of a God (Cascade Books, 2015) ISBN 978-1498223751
* The New Holy Wars: Economic Religion versus Environmental Religion in Contemporary America (Penn State University Press, 2010) ISBN 978-0271035826
* Private Neighborhoods and the Transformation of Local Government (Urban Institute Press, 2005) ISBN 978-0877667513
* Economics as Religion: From Samuelson to Chicago and Beyond (Penn State University Press, 2001) ISBN 978-0271022840
* A Burning Issue: A Case for Abolishing the U.S. Forest Service (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000) ISBN 978-0847697359
* Public Lands and Private Rights: The Failure of Scientific Management (Rowman & Littlefield, 1995) ISBN 978-0847680092
* Reaching for Heaven on Earth: The Theological Meaning of Economics (Rowman & Littlefield, 1991) ISBN 978-0822630241
* The Making of Federal Coal Policy (Duke University Press, 1983) ISBN 978-0822304975
* Zoning and Property Rights (MIT Press, 1977) ISBN 978-0262640190
# Robert Nelson (filmmaker)

Robert Nelson (March 1, 1930; San Francisco – January 9, 2012; Laytonville, California) was an American experimental film director.

## Archive

The moving image collection of Robert Nelson is housed at the Academy Film Archive. The Academy Film Archive has preserved a number of Robert Nelson's films, including Grateful Dead, The Great Blondino, and Hot Leatherette.

## Selected filmography

* Building Muir Beach House (1961, with Gunvor Nelson)
* Last Week at Oona's Bath (1962, with Gunvor Nelson)
* The Mystery of Amelia Air-Heart Solved (1962)
* King Ubu (1963)
* Plastic Haircut (1963, with William T. Wiley, R.G. Davis, Robert H. Hudson, Steve Reich)
* Oh Dem Watermelons (1965)
* Confessions of a Black Mother-Succuba (1965)
* Oily Peloso the Pumph Man (1965)
* Thick Pucker (1965)
* Sixty Lazy Dogs (1965)
* Half-Open and Lumpy (1967)
* Penny Bright and Jimmy Witherspoon (1967)
* Superspread (1967)
* The Beard (1967)
* Portrait of Gourley (1967)
* The Off Handed Jape (1967, with William T. Wiley)
* Hot Leatherette (1967)
* The Great Blondino (1967, with William T. Wiley)
* Grateful Dead (1967)
* The Awful Backlash (1967, with William Allan)
* War is Hell (1968, with William Allan)
* What Do You Talk About? (1969, with William T. Wiley)
* Bleu Shut (1970)
* King David (1970/73/2003, with Mike Henderson)
* R.I.P. (1970/74/2003)
* No-More (1971, with various students at Cornell University)
* Worldly Woman (1973, with Mike Henderson)
* Deep Westurn (1974)
* Suite California Stops & Passes Part 1: Tijuana to Hollywood Via Death Valley (1976)
* Suite California Stops & Passes Part 2: San Francisco to the Sierra Nevadas & Back Again (1978)
* Hamlet Act (1982)
* Limitations (1988)
* Curious Native Customs (1989)
* 199 L.la (1989)
* Hauling Toto Big (1997)
* Special Warning (1998)
# Robert Devreesse

Robert Devreesse (28 May 1894, Cisai-Saint-Aubin – 1978) was a French priest and scriptor in the Vatican Library. His many works involve ground-breaking achievement in Greek (and also in Syriac) paleography, research into the life and work of Theodore of Mopsuestia and the history of the Patriarchate of Antioch in its early centuries. He was irregularly appointed curator of the Manuscripts department of the Bibliothèque Nationale and therefore fired in August 1944.
# Robert Dewar (diplomat)

Robert Scott Dewar CMG (born 10 June 1949), is a retired British diplomat. He was the British Ambassador of Ethiopia and Madagascar and the High Commissioner to Mozambique and Nigeria.
He has served as the UK Permanent Representative to the African Union (2004-2006) and the UK Permanent Representative to the Economic Community of West African States (2007-2011). He was a member of board of trustees of the British Red Cross until 2019. He was made a member of the Order of St Michael and St George in 2006.
# Joint stability

Joint stability refers to the resistance offered by various musculoskeletal tissues that surround a skeletal joint. Several subsystems ensure the stability of a joint. These are the passive, active and neural subsystems. It is believed that one or more of the subsystems must have failed if joint instability occurs, usually a torn or overstretched ligament. Instability of joints can cause unhealthy ranges of movement in your joints, which can result in the joints fracturing.
The bony components that may relate to the potential for joint instability can be measured by use of x-rays. Plain film lateral x-rays can be used to evaluate for translations anteriorly (anterolisthesis) or posteriorly (retrolisthesis). Where plain films indicate the likelihood of these translations being significant, flexion-extension views can be utilized to determine the dynamic range of movement of joints. This allows for a more accurate view of any potential instability issues.