OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Northumberland Road

Northumberland Road (Irish: Bóthar Northumberland) is a Victorian street in Ballsbridge, Dublin, Ireland first laid out in the 1830s.
The street is lined mostly with red brick Victorian houses and London Plane trees. Many of the houses have been converted to offices over the course of the 20th century.

## History

The street was first laid out around 1830 and was later named after Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland by 1843.
The property on both sides of the road was developed into residential houses from 1835 until around the turn of the 20th century by the Pembroke estate. The houses nearest Mount Street were first laid out with development extending further towards Ballsbridge over the next 60 years. Numbers 7-25 Northumberland Road (10 houses) were laid out first with a more late Georgian appearance between 1834-62 with plots 24 feet wide and 200 feet deep linking to what became the junction with Haddington Road which already formed part of a circular road around the city. The first three of these houses had been completed and were leased by 1837. All of the original Georgian and Victorian houses on the street are now protected structures.
The street formed a natural radial route that connected the city to the southern suburbs.
The street connected with Mount Street Lower via McKenny Bridge over the Grand Canal at its Northern end. Originally this bridge was named Conyngham bridge but was later renamed in honour of Thomas McKenny who was chairman of the Grand Canal Company.
At its southern end, the street is connected to Pembroke Road via a junction which also includes Lansdowne Road. Lansdowne House was originally one of a pair of 1960s office blocks which overlooked this junction until the partial demolition of the opposing Carrisbrook house block in 2024.
The street is intersected by Haddington Road which runs from Beggar's Bush to Baggot Street.
The street is not to be confused with Northumberland Square which was located on the North side of the city but has since disappeared.

### Schoolhouse hotel

Among the more notable buildings on the street is the Schoolhouse Hotel. It was formerly constructed in 1861 as a Church of Ireland national school but was left largely vacant from its closure in 1969 until its refurbishment and opening as a hotel in 1997.

### Easter Rising

What is considered to be one of the biggest battles of the Easter Uprising occurred at 25 Northumberland Road in what later became known as the Battle of Mount Street Bridge. According to The Irish Times, at 4:45PM on Day One, "The elderly, unarmed Veteran Defence Force march into a rebel ambush on Northumberland Road".
# RKKY interaction

In the physical theory of spin glass magnetization, the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction models the coupling of nuclear magnetic moments or localized inner d- or f-shell electron spins through conduction electrons. It is named after Malvin Ruderman, Charles Kittel, Tadao Kasuya, and Kei Yosida, the physicists who first proposed and developed the model.
Malvin Ruderman and Charles Kittel of the University of California, Berkeley first proposed the model to explain unusually broad nuclear spin resonance lines in natural metallic silver. The theory is an indirect exchange coupling: the hyperfine interaction couples the nuclear spin of one atom to a conduction electron also coupled to the spin of a different nucleus. The assumption of hyperfine interaction turns out to be unnecessary, and can be replaced equally well with the exchange interaction.
The simplest treatment assumes a Bloch wavefunction basis and therefore only applies to crystalline systems; the resulting correlation energy, computed with perturbation theory, takes the following form: $H(\mathbf {R} _{ij})={\frac {\mathbf {I} _{i}\cdot \mathbf {I} _{j}}{4}}{\frac {\left|\Delta _{k_{m}k_{m}}\right|^{2}m^{*}}{(2\pi )^{3}R_{ij}^{4}\hbar ^{2}}}\left[2k_{m}R_{ij}\cos(2k_{m}R_{ij})-\sin(2k_{m}R_{ij})\right]{\text{,}}$ where H represents the Hamiltonian, R$_{ij}$ is the distance between the nuclei i and j, I$_i$ is the nuclear spin of atom i, Δ$_{kmkm}$ is a matrix element that represents the strength of the hyperfine interaction, m$^*$ is the effective mass of the electrons in the crystal, and k$_m$ is the Fermi momentum. Intuitively, we may picture this as when one magnetic atom scatters an electron wave, which then scatters off another magnetic atom many atoms away, thus coupling the two atoms' spins.
Tadao Kasuya from Nagoya University later proposed that a similar indirect exchange coupling could occur with localized inner d-electron spins instead of nuclei. This theory was expanded more completely by Kei Yosida of the UC Berkeley, to give a Hamiltonian that describes (d-electron spin)–(d-electron spin), (nuclear spin)–(nuclear spin), and (d-electron spin)–(nuclear spin) interactions. J.H. Van Vleck clarified some subtleties of the theory, particularly the relationship between the first- and second-order perturbative contributions.
Perhaps the most significant application of the RKKY theory has been to the theory of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). GMR was discovered when the coupling between thin layers of magnetic materials separated by a non-magnetic spacer material was found to oscillate between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic as a function of the distance between the layers. This ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic oscillation is one prediction of the RKKY theory.
# St. Johnsbury Athenaeum

The St. Johnsbury Athenaeum (often written St. Johnsbury Athenæum) is a combined library and art gallery, in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. The building in which it is housed is architecturally and historically significant because of its construction. The Athenaeum is also noted for the American landscape paintings and books in its collection and its having been funded by Horace Fairbanks, manufacturer of the world's first platform scale. The art collection contains a number of Hudson River School paintings. This building retains a strong Victorian (French Second Empire) flavor of the 19th century.

## History

When the library opened, the collection consisted of 8,000 books selected by bibliographer William F. Poole.

### Art Gallery

In 1873, Fairbanks added a small art gallery. This is now one of the few art galleries in the United States that features late 19th century Victorian-style design which highlights intricate paint/stencil schemes, detailed moldings, creative natural lighting, and unique painting installations.
The walls and floor are black walnut. The art gallery is lighted naturally from an arched skylight in the ceiling. Cases on two sides of the room contain art books in tooled leather bindings. Gilt-framed paintings are displayed.
One hundred works of art are on display. Besides originals by American artists, there are also copies of European masterpieces. The major part of the collection is by American and European artists from the late eighteenth century to the middle nineteenth century. Hudson River School painters include Asher B. Durand, Jasper Francis Cropsey, Sanford Gifford, a Luminist painter, James and William Hart pastoral landscapes with cattle. Western scenes are portrayed by Samuel Colman and Worthington Whittredge. Dominating the room is a canvas, ten by fifteen feet, of the Domes of Yosemite, by Albert Bierstadt.
European painters represented by original works of art include: Bouguereau ("Raspberry Girl"), Félix Ziem ("Venice"), Charles Euphrasie Kuwasseg, and Louis Pinel de Grandchamp.

## Library

The Athenaeum's library shares a unified catalog and circulation system with over 50 other Vermont libraries through the Vermont Organization of Koha Automated Libraries.
# 2010 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship Division C

The 2010 FIBA U16 European Championship Division C was held in Andorra la Vella, Andorra, from 26 to 31 July 2010. Eight teams participated in the competition.

## Participating teams

* Andorra (hosts)
* Cyprus
* Gibraltar
* Malta
* Monaco
* San Marino
* Scotland
* Wales

## Group phase
### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Team advances to |
| 1 | Scotland | 3 | 3 | 0 | 236 | 150 | +86 | 6 | Semifinals |
| 2 | Andorra | 3 | 2 | 1 | 224 | 161 | +63 | 5 | Semifinals |
| 3 | Wales | 3 | 1 | 2 | 167 | 180 | −13 | 4 | 5th – 8th place classification |
| 4 | Monaco | 3 | 0 | 3 | 95 | 231 | −136 | 3 | 5th – 8th place classification |

### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Team advances to |
| 1 | Cyprus | 3 | 3 | 0 | 331 | 125 | +206 | 6 | Semifinals |
| 2 | San Marino | 3 | 2 | 1 | 198 | 206 | −8 | 5 | Semifinals |
| 3 | Malta | 3 | 1 | 2 | 162 | 197 | −35 | 4 | 5th – 8th place classification |
| 4 | Gibraltar | 3 | 0 | 3 | 110 | 273 | −163 | 3 | 5th – 8th place classification |

## Knockout stage
### Bracket

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| 30 July | 30 July |
| Scotland | 71 |
| Scotland | 71 | 31 July | 31 July |
| San Marino | 52 | 31 July | 31 July |
| San Marino | 52 | Scotland | 30 |
| 30 July | 30 July | | Scotland | 30 |
| 30 July | 30 July | Cyprus | 74 |
| Cyprus | 87 | Cyprus | 74 |
| Andorra | 45 | | |
| Andorra | 45 | Third place | Third place |
| | | 31 July | 31 July |
| | | San Marino | 54 |
| | | Andorra | 86 |

#### 5–8th place bracket

| 5–8th place semifinals | 5–8th place semifinals | Fifth place | Fifth place |
| 29 July | 29 July |
| Wales | 89 |
| Wales | 89 | 31 July | 31 July |
| Gibraltar | 43 | 31 July | 31 July |
| Gibraltar | 43 | Wales | 53 |
| 29 July | 29 July | | Wales | 53 |
| 29 July | 29 July | Malta | 37 |
| Malta | 62 | Malta | 37 |
| Monaco | 37 | | |
| Monaco | 37 | Seventh place | Seventh place |
| | | 30 July | 30 July |
| | | Gibraltar | 36 |
| | | Monaco | 49 |

## Final standings

| Rank | Team | Record |
| | Cyprus | 5–0 |
| | Scotland | 4–1 |
| | Andorra | 3–2 |
| 4 | San Marino | 2–3 |
| 5 | Wales | 3–2 |
| 6 | Malta | 2–3 |
| 7 | Monaco | 1–4 |
| 8 | Gibraltar | 0–5 |
# Tinchebray-Bocage

Tinchebray-Bocage (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in north-western France. The result of the merger, on 1 January 2015, of the communes of Beauchêne, Frênes, Larchamp, Saint-Cornier-des-Landes, Saint-Jean-des-Bois, Tinchebray and Yvrandes.

## Main sights and notable buildings

* Musée du clou is a museum set in an authentic 18th century forge, that is dedicated to the making of nails
* Maison du sabotier - a museum dedicated to the tools and machinery used in the making of Clogs.
* Prison royale de Tinchebray - a local museum dedicated to telling the story of the local 17th century prison.

### National Heritage sites

The Commune has a total of 6 buildings and areas listed as a Monument historique.
* Yvrandes Church - 14th Century church, added as a monument in 1926.
* Former prison of Tinchebray - 17th Century prison, added as a monument in 1978. It is now a museum.
* Rochefort spinning mill - 19th Century Mill that was in use up to 1960 for working with wool, added as a monument in 1997.
* Montiers Church - 17th century church, added as a monument in 1985.
* Saint-Rémy Chapel - an 11th century church, added as a monument in 1944.
* Manoir de la Guyonnière - a 17th century manor house, added as a monument in 1979.

## Notable People

* Jean-Baptiste Quéruel (1779 -1845)the inventor of the method for industrial production of sugar from beet died and was buried here.
* Edgar Le Bastard (1836 -1892) a French industrialist and politician in the nineteenth century was born here.
* André Breton (1896 -1966) a French writer and poet, the co-founder, leader, and principal theorist of surrealism, was born here.
* Guy Degrenne (1925 - 2006) a French businessman who specialised in cutlery and silverware.
* Sylvia Bassot (1940 - 2014) a member of the National Assembly of France from 1996 until 2012 is buried here.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Tinchebray-Bocage is twinned with:
* Fallingbostel-Dorfmark, Germany
# Hypostomus tapanahoniensis

Hypostomus tapanahoniensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Maroni basin in Suriname. The species reaches 17 cm (6.7 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.
# Whirl-Y-Gig

Whirl-Y-Gig is the longest-running world music dance club in London, England. It was set up by Ros Madden as an experiment of the Association of Humanistic Psychology in 1981, who passed it on to Richard Sutcliffe (also known as DJ Monkey Pilot) and Mary Sutcliffe four years later. Madden died on 20 October 2011 in Luton. Richard Sutcliffe plays a wide range of music genres in the club, primarily world music/dance music fusions.
Whirl-Y-Gig also appears at festivals, featuring both live bands and DJ sessions. Whirl-y-Gig has hosted stages at the first Phoenix festival, seven years at WOMAD in Reading, Guilfest, Beautiful Days, Canterbury Fayre, the Whitby Musicport Festival and at the first Sunrise Celebration. They also run their own record label called Whirl-Y-Music and have organised their own festival, the Whirl-Y-Fayre, which first took place in August 2013, and has taken place every summer since.
Whirl-Y-Gig's have featured artists such as Banco de Gaia, System 7, Dreadzone, Astralasia, Eat Static, Loop Guru, Baka Beyond, Transglobal Underground, Another Green World and Kamel Nitrate.
Whirl-Y-Gig celebrated its 21st anniversary in 2002, at which point it was one of the longest-running club nights in the United Kingdom. Whirl-y-Gig were still active at the start of 2024.
# Kathleen Williams

Kathleen Williams may refer to:
* Kathleen M. Williams (born 1956), U.S. federal judge
* Kathleen Williams (gymnast) (born 1964), British Olympic gymnast
* Kathleen Williams (politician) (born 1961), Montana politician
* Kathleen Williams (theologian), Australian Sister of Mercy and theologian
# Kau Keng Shan

Kau Keng Shan (Cantonese: 九逕山, Yale romanisation: gáu ging shāan) is a hill in Tuen Mun, the New Territories, Hong Kong and stands opposite from Castle Peak. Kau Keng Shan has a height of 507 metres (1,663 ft). During the Ming dynasty era (1368–1644), the area around the hill was used as a defence position against foreign forces, in particular the Portuguese, who had occupied Tuen Mun from 1514 to 1521 (see Tamão).
# Pople

"Pople" is an Anglo-Dutch surname from a local name in Belgium (Poppel), it is pronounced POPE-el. Notable people with this surname include:
* Anthony Pople (1955–2003), British musicologist and writer
* John Pople (1925–2004), British theoretical chemist and Nobel laureate
* Luke Pople (born 1991), Australian wheelchair basketball player
* Robert Pople (1836–1909), British publican and Mayor of Exeter
* Rodney Pople (born 1952), Australian visual artist
* Ross Pople (born 1945), New Zealand-born British conductor and classical cellist
# Pople diagram

A Pople diagram or Pople's Diagram is a diagram which describes the relationship between various calculation methods in computational chemistry. It was initially introduced in January 1965 by Sir John Pople, KBE FRS, during the Symposium of Atomic and Molecular Quantum Theory in Florida. The Pople Diagram can be either 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional, with the axes representing ab initio methods, basis sets and treatment of relativity. The diagram attempts to balance calculations by giving all aspects of a computation equal weight.

## History

John Pople first introduced the Pople Diagram during the Symposium on Atomic and Molecular Quantum Theory held on Sanibel Island, Florida, in January 1965. He called it a "hyperbola of quantum chemistry", which illustrates the inverse relationship between the sophistication of a calculational method and the number of electrons in a molecule that can be studied by that method. Alternative (reverse) arrangement of the vertical axis or interchange of the two axes are also possible.

## Three-Dimensional Pople Diagrams

The 2-dimensional Pople diagram describes the convergence of the quantum-mechanical nonrelativistic electronic energy with the size of the basis set and the level of electron correlation included in the wavefunction. In order to reproduce accurate experimental thermochemical properties, secondary energetic contributions have to be considered. The third dimension of the Pople diagram consists of such energetic contributions. These contributions may include: spin–orbit interaction, scalar relativistic, zero-point vibrational energy, and deviations from the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. The three-dimensional Pople diagram (also known as the Csaszar cube.) describes the energy contributions involved in quantum chemistry composite methods.
# Whitehurst Hall

Whitehurst Hall is an administrative building at Oklahoma State University. It was built in 1926 and named after John A. Whitehurst, president of the Oklahoma Board of Agriculture from 1918 to 1926.

## History

The building originally housed the office for Oklahoma State University President Henry G. Bennett, his staff, the library, departments of agricultural school and other administrative offices. At the time it was built, it was one of the few structures west of Washington Street, not far from agricultural fields, experimental plots, stockyards, chicken coops and barns. Located near the site of the old brick College Barn. In 1926 the construction of Whitehurst Hall was the largest building project attempted at the college.

### Construction

The groundbreaking for construction of Whitehurst Hall began in September 1925. Scaffolding for the walls and structural work was installed in early November, and the crews began erecting the reinforced concrete and steel structure. Whitehurst stands three stories tall with reinforced concrete floors, a flat roof and brick walls. There were 240 windows and steam lines running from the college power plant about 100 yards east provided heat. The outside dimensions of Whitehurst Hall were 262 by 80 feet, with roughly 17,500 square feet of floor space on each of the facility's three floors. The total area in the building surpassed 52,000 square feet. A basement, used mostly for utility connections and equipment, was located beneath the structure. Three doors were located at the center of the south face, which would be considered the front of the building, and the other entrances were at the northeast and northwest corners of the main building where it attached to the modified wings. Open stairwells from the first to third floors were situated near the doors on the north side of the structure. Total cost of construction reached over $250,000.

### Renovations

Renovations to Whitehurst Hall were made in 1936, including the addition of the fourth floor, after damage to the building occurred and repairs were already necessary. Once additional building renovations were approved following the damage, including the addition of the new fourth floor, the renovation project total reached $75,000 (about $1.25 million in 2013).

### Significant Event

On Friday the 13th, 1936 there was an explosion in a 3½-square-foot tunnel below the 6 inch concrete floor, which ran inside foundation walls and around the building. Natural gas, which leaked into the tunnel system, was ignited after an accidental spark was introduced during routine maintenance for a clogged drain. The first damage estimate was for $5,500 (equivalent to about $91,500 in 2013) to fix floors, replace windows, install new ventilators and gas lines, and repair and replace furniture.

## Present

In 2015, Whitehurst Hall is an administrative building, continuing to host the President's office, in addition to other administrative offices.
# Porto Belo

Porto Belo is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.
# Kavaja (disambiguation)

Kavaja may refer to the Municipality of Kavajë.
Kavaja may also refer to:
* Kavajë District
* Besa Kavajë
* Kavaja Street
* Bahri Kavaja (1924–1987)
* Nikola Kavaja (1932–2008)
* Omer Pashë Kavaja
* Kavaja United
# Portage Township, Pennsylvania

Portage Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:
* Portage Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
* Portage Township, Cameron County, Pennsylvania
* Portage Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania
# Wilfrid Kilian

Charles Constant Wilfrid Kilian (15 June 1862 - 30 September 1925) was a French geologist, paleontologist, and professor at the University of Grenoble where he was a specialist on Alpine geology. He studied stratigraphy and the oscillations in glaciation.

## Life and work

Kilian was born in Schiltigheim in the Alsace region. His father Conrad was a pastor with part Irish ancestry (with an interest in educating deaf-mutes, working for the Boers) and his mother Clémentine was the daughter of Charles Cuvier, a pastor and historian at Strasbourg from the Montbéliard family which included George Cuvier. He was educated at the Protestant Gymnasium, Strasbourg and then the Alsatian School at Paris. He studied geology at the University of Sorbonne, becoming a contemporary and lifelong collaborator of Emile Haug and travelled around Europe, sometimes with Marcel Bertrand, studying the Lure mountains for his 1888 thesis under Edmond Hébert. He collaborated with Marcel Bertrand on the production of a geological map of France. He worked as a lecturer at the University of Clermont-Ferrand but was persuaded by Bertrand to apply for the position of professor of geology at the University of Grenoble in 1892, a position made vacant upon the death of Charles Lory. Kilian had one of the first seismographs installed at Grenoble which recorded from 1892 to 1909. He received the Gaudry gold medal of the French geological society in 1921.
Kilian married Antoinette Boissy d'Anglas in 1894 and they had two daughters, Mathide and Magali; and two sons, Robert, who became a navy officer, and Conrad Kilian who became a geologist and Saharan explorer. Kilian died from an undiagnosed infection. A street in Grenoble and an amphitheater in the University are named in his memory.
# Wilderness Trail Distillery

Wilderness Trail Distillery is a distillery in Danville, Kentucky that started operation in 2013. After spending over 10 years as consultants and providing yeast and optimization services to most of the industry, Wilderness Trail has three whiskies on the market: a Single Barrel Bottled in Bond, Kentucky; Straight Bourbon made with small grain wheat; another bourbon bottled in Bond; Straight Bourbon small batch of 12 barrels made with rye small grain; and a Kentucky straight Rye Whiskey single barrel cask strength. All are high quality and aged from 5 to 7 years. Wilderness calls itself the city's "oldest legal distillery". The brand is distributed in (KY, OH, MI, TN, IL, GA, VA, DC, DE, MA, MD, TX, CA, WA, NV, AZ, FL, MN, IA, WY and NY). Wilderness restored the Willis Grimes House, an 1869 historic Home used for their offices, and moved its main distilling and warehousing operations there in 2015. Their campus rests on 163 acres in Boyle County.
In October 2022 Campari acquired a 70% stake of the company for $420 million.

## Honors and awards

* Kentucky Manufacturing Award
* Forbes Magazine top 15 American Whiskeys, San Francisco World Spirits Competition - Gold Medal for Blue Heron vodka and Bronze Medal for Harvest rum
# Willez

Willez is a Swedish dansband from Ljungbyhed made up of Linus Troedsson (vocals), Emil Hansen (guitar), Johannes Olofsson (bass), Oliver Brons (drummer) and Niklas Lazukic (keyboards). Originally the band was named Milles after the guitarist member Emil Hansen, but was renamed Willez after they discovered that there was already a band called Milles.
Willez took part in Dansbandskampen in 2010, where they finished runners-up behind the winners Elisa's. The band is best known for the songs "Jag vill vara din Margareta", "Satellite" and "Snälla snälla".

## Discography

| Year | Album | Peak chart positions | Certification | Notes |
| Year | Album | SWE | Certification | Notes |
| 2012 | Louisiana Date of release: 2012 Record label: Mariann | 11 | | |