# Croydon (UK Parliament constituency)

Croydon was a constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1885 to 1918. As with most in its lifetime following the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, it was a seat, that elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
It was won for all but three years by the Conservative candidate, the exception being the years 1906-1909 when that party, as a fellow Unionist party against Irish Home Rule and other devolution in a spell of widespread popular decline held a general meeting endorsing instead H. O. Arnold-Forster, a Liberal Unionist. His 3.2% victory against the candidate of the rest of the Liberal Party coupled with a 20.2% performance for Labour in Croydon which coincided with a Liberal landslide — the First Asquith ministry which brought in the fundamental constitutional reform of the Parliament Act 1911 after the delay for "the People's Budget" to be implemented. He died in 1909 causing a by-election and his party, with its occasional candidates in the region, no longer stood for the Croydon seat nor its north–south successors after 1918. The Labour party fielded a candidate for the second time in the 1909 by-election, polling badly, winning about a fifth of the 1906 vote; the party fielded none in the 1910 elections for this seat.

## Boundaries

1885–1918: The municipal borough of Croydon.
This seat was covered an area based on the town of Croydon. Croydon had been a Municipal Borough from 1883 and was to become a County Borough in 1889. By 1902, at the latest, the parliamentary and local government boroughs had the same boundaries.
The Royal Commission on London Traffic, which reported in 1906, included the borough in its definition of Greater London. It was throughout in the north-east of Surrey. Its area has been included in Greater London since 1965.
From 1918 Croydon was divided into two borough constituencies - Croydon North and Croydon South.

## History

The constituency was close enough to London and built-up enough to be considered part of a greater London or "Metropolitan" area.
A large part of the inhabitants of this constituency commuted to work in the City of London. It was however an area where attendance at Nonconformist chapels exceeded that at Anglican churches, according to the Daily News survey of 1902. By the time of the 1911 census more factories had been set up and a large artisan population had moved in so its core and north in particular was decidedly lower-income working-class.
The constituency was in general Conservative, but less strongly so than many suburban commuter seats around London. The Labour Party secured 20% of the vote, in a three-way contest, in the 1906 election.

### Borough rather than a County seat

The seat being a parliamentary borough made for a lower level of election expenses permissible and the usual office/status for the returning officer.

## Members of Parliament

| Year | Year | Member | Party |
| | 1885 | William Grantham | Conservative |
| | 1886 | Sidney Herbert | Conservative |
| | 1895 | Charles Ritchie | Conservative |
| | 1906 | H. O. Arnold-Forster | Liberal Unionist |
| | 1909 | Sir Robert Hermon-Hodge | Conservative |
| | 1910 | Ian Malcolm | Conservative |
| 1918 | 1918 | constituency abolished | constituency abolished |

## Election results
### Elections in the 1880s

General election 1885: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | William Grantham | 5,484 | 56.0 | |
| | Liberal | Jabez Balfour | 4,315 | 44.0 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,169 | 12.0 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,799 | 77.7 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,619 | | |
| | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) |
Grantham resigned after being appointed a judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, causing a by-election.
By-election, 27 Jan 1886: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Sidney Herbert | 5,205 | 53.9 | −2.1 |
| | Liberal | Sydney Buxton | 4,458 | 46.1 | +2.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 747 | 7.8 | −4.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,663 | 76.6 | −1.1 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,619 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | -2.1 | |
General election 1886: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Sidney Herbert | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold |
Herbert was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.
By-election, 11 Aug 1886: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Sidney Herbert | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold |

### Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Sidney Herbert | 6,528 | 57.5 | N/A |
| | Liberal | Edward William Grimwade | 4,834 | 42.5 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,694 | 15.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,362 | 76.6 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 14,837 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | N/A | |
Herbert's succession to the peerage causes a by-election.
May 1895 Croydon by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Charles Ritchie | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold |
Ritchie's appointment as President of the Board of Trade causes a by-election.
July 1895 Croydon by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Charles Ritchie | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold |
General election 1895: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Charles Ritchie | 6,876 | 59.7 | +2.2 |
| | Liberal | Christopher Clarke Hutchinson | 4,647 | 40.3 | −2.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,229 | 19.4 | +4.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,523 | 71.3 | −5.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 16,152 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +2.2 | |

### Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Charles Ritchie | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold |
General election 1906: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Unionist | H. O. Arnold-Forster | 8,211 | 41.5 | N/A |
| | Liberal | Henry Charles Augustus Somerset | 7,573 | 38.3 | New |
| | Labour Repr. Cmte. | Sidney Stranks | 4,007 | 20.2 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 638 | 3.2 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,791 | 83.0 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 23,858 | | |
| | Liberal Unionist hold | Liberal Unionist hold | Swing | N/A | |
1909 Croydon by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Robert Hermon-Hodge | 11,989 | 57.4 | +15.9 |
| | Liberal | John Raphael | 8,041 | 38.4 | +0.1 |
| | Labour | Frank Smith | 886 | 4.2 | −16.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,948 | 19.0 | +15.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,916 | 79.0 | −4.0 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 26,470 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +7.9 | |

### Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Robert Hermon-Hodge | 12,223 | 51.9 | −5.5'"`UNIQ−−ref−0000003B−QINU`"' |
| | Liberal | Arthur Lewis Leon | 11,327 | 48.1 | +9.7'"`UNIQ−−ref−0000003C−QINU`"' |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 896 | 3.8 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 23,550 | 86.1 | +3.1 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 27,350 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +0.3 | |
General election December 1910: Croydon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Ian Malcolm | 11,875 | 53.4 | +1.5 |
| | Liberal | Arthur Lewis Leon | 10,343 | 46.6 | −1.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,532 | 6.8 | +3.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 22,218 | 81.2 | −4.9 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 27,350 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +1.5 | |
General Election 1914–15:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
* Unionist: Ian Malcolm
* Liberal: