OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saholan Cave

Saholan Cave is in Saholan village, 42 km southeast of Mahabad city, Borhan Road, and Isa Kand Village. It is located between Mahabad city and 25 km away from Bukan city.
Saholan means ice in Kurdish and the local people also, call the cave of "Kune Kotar" which means pigeon nest because of the existence of many pigeon nests inside the cave. The cave is on the list of national natural monuments of Iran.
Saholan Cave is in Saholan village, 42 km southeast of Mahabad city, Borhan Road, and Isa Kand Village. It is located between Mahabad city and 25 km away from Bukan city.
Saholan means ice in Kurdish and the local people also call the cave "Kune Kotar" which means pigeon nest because of the existence of many pigeon nests inside the cave. The cave is on the list of national natural monuments of Iran.

## History

The date of when the cave was discovered is not known yet, because there have always been villages and residential areas around it, and people have always used it as a shelter and a place for hunting. But Jacques Demorgan and the villagers of Saholan, built a small wooden boat and were traveling on the water when they saw a cave and sketched that on a map. Today it is said to be 60% true to the current reality of the cave's location.
However, so far, about 250 meters from the land area and 300 meters from the water area of this beautiful cave has been discovered.
Saholan Cave has a lake inside which sometimes reaches a depth of about 60 meters. The cave's height from the lake floor is about 50 meters. The temperature inside of the cave is about 15 degrees cooler than the temperature outside of the cave. It is between 5-10 degrees Celsius. Saholan Cave is one of the largest water caves in Iran and boating on its lake is one of the most attractive attractions of this cave. The water of these lakes is supplied from underground aquifers and simmering water fountains. Saholan Cave has two entrances, one of which is the main entrance. At the main entrance of the cave, about 100 concrete steps have been installed to make it easier to enter it.

## Features of Saholan Cave

The roof of the cave to the level of the lake reaches 50 meters and the water depth in some places reaches 30 meters. The temperature difference between inside and outside the cave is between 10 and 15 degrees.
* Geological structure of the cave: aquatic-earthy-limestone
* Length of discovered water route: 300 meters
* Length of discovered land route: 250 meters
* Discovered area: about 2 hectares
* Average water depth: 22 meters
* Maximum water depth: 62 meters
* Humidity: 70 to 75 percent
* Temperature inside the cave: 5 to 10 degrees Celsius
* Type of sediments: calcareous
* Main hall area: 58 meters by 42 meters
* Cave roof height: 50 meters
* In-well creatures: pigeons and bats
# Lecithocera umbripennis

Lecithocera umbripennis is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1885. It is found in Mumbai and Pune in India.
The wingspan is about 15 mm for males and 18 mm for females. The forewings are dark umber brown, with two inconspicuous darker spots, the first above and before the middle, the second equidistant from the costal and dorsal margins, at the end of the cell. The hindwings are pale cinereous.
# Barten

Barten may refer to:
* Barten (surname), a surname
* Bartians, an Old Prussian tribe
* Barten, the German name for Barciany, a village in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
* Barten, the German name for Barty, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a village in Iława County, Poland
# Leopold Katzenstein

Leopold Katzenstein (July 23, 1843) Rhina (today Haunetal), former Kreis Hünfeld, Hessen, Germany – December 4, 1915 New York City) was a Naval Architect and Marine engineer and the head of the firm of Leopold Katzenstein & Co..
Katzenstein immigrated to the United States between 1868–1869 and founded L Katzenstein & Sons at 358 West Street in New York City. His company were general machinists and sold engineer’s supplies including flexible tubular metallic packing for slipjoints and on steam pipes and highest grade anti-friction metal for bearings. He was also a successful inventor who held a number of patents; among others these included: -
* Improvement In Packing, US Pat. No. 105,462 dated 19 July 1870.
* Metallic Packing For Piston-Rods &c., US Pat. No. 228,200 dated 1 June 1880.
* Metallic Rod-Packing, US Pat. No. 267,750 dated 21 November 1882.
* Rod-Packing, US Pat. No. 301,998 dated 15 July 1884.
* Water-Tight Bulkhead-Door, US Pat. No. 432,070 dated 15 July 1890.
* Stuffing-Box, US Pat. No. 538,681 dated 7 May 1895.
* Water-Tight Bulkhead-Door, US Pat. No. 539,953 dated 28 May 1895.
Katzenstein married Sarah Hecht whose uncle Samuel Hecht, Jr founded Hecht's in Baltimore. Katzenstein was one of the founders of Temple Israel NYC,. He was a member of the Society of Naval Architects, the Society of Marine Engineers, the Railroad Club, the Society of Naval Engineers of Washington, D. C.; the Technischer Verein of Germany, and a number of charitable organizations.
# PEN/Nabokov Award

The PEN/Nabokov Award for Achievement in International Literature, commonly referred to as the PEN/Nabokov Award, is awarded biennially by PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) to writers, principally novelists, "whose works evoke to some measure Nabokov's brilliant versatility and commitment to literature as a search for the deepest truth and the highest pleasure— what Nabokov called the 'indescribable tingle of the spine'." The winner is awarded $50,000 as of 2016. The award is financed by the Vladimir Nabokov Foundation, founded by Dmitri Nabokov. It has been called one of the most prestigious PEN prizes.
In 2016, after an eight year hiatus, the award was revived with changes. The prize money was increased from US$20,000 to US$50,000, and the name was changed from PEN/Nabokov Award for Fiction to PEN/Nabokov Award for Achievement in International Literature. The criteria of the award was changed to those born or residing outside the United States, meaning previous winners Ozick, Roth, and Gass wouldn't have qualified for this version of the award.
The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world. The PEN American Center awards have been characterized as being among the "major" American literary prizes.

## Award winners

PEN/Nabokov Award :
| Year | Recipient |
| 2000 | William H. Gass |
| 2002 | Mario Vargas Llosa |
| 2004 | Mavis Gallant |
| 2006 | Philip Roth |
| 2008 | Cynthia Ozick |
| 2017 | Adunis |
| 2018 | Edna O'Brien |
| 2019 | Sandra Cisneros |
| 2020 | M. NourbeSe Philip |
| 2021 | Anne Carson |
| 2022 | Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o |
| 2023 | Vinod Kumar Shukla |
# Syvdefjorden

Syvdefjorden is a fjord in Vanylven Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long fjord flows from the village of Myklebost to the north until it empties into the Rovdefjorden. The old Syvde municipality was centered on this fjord until it was merged into Vanylven municipality in 1964. The sides of the fjord are mountainous, particularly the eastern side, with mountainsides stretching up to 800 metres (2,600 ft) high coming right out of the water.
# Benk

Benk is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 8.5 km$^2$ (3 sq mi) and has a population of 491 people (2002).
# Sahonachelys

Sahonachelys is an extinct genus of pelomedusoid turtle from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation of Madagascar. The genus contains a single species, Sahonachelys mailakavava.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype specimen, (UA) 10581 was originally discovered in June 2015 within a layer of the Maastrichtian aged Maevarano Formation within the Mahajanga Basin, north-western Madagascar, while removing overburden less than one meter above a layer rich in archosaur fossils. The holotype consists of a partial and well preserved skeleton consisting of the skull, a partial hyoid, a shell, and remains of the limbs, shoulder girdles and vertebrae.
The taxon would later be erected as a new genus in 2021. The name Sahonachelys is a combination of the Malagasy words "sahona" meaning frog, and the Greek word "chelys" meaning turtle; the specific name is made up of Malagasy "mailaka" meaning quick and "vava" meaning mouth; the full binomial name translates to "quick-mouthed frog turtle".

## Description

Sahonachelys is a genus of small pelomedusoid turtle, that existed in what is now Madagascar during the Maastrichtian epoch approximately 72.1 to 66 million years ago. It had a flattened skull and particularly small and gracile jaw giving its head an almost frog like appearance in life. Considering how Sahonachelys possess enlarged hyoids, no teeth and both surfaces of the upper and lower that face toward each other are poorly developed, suggests that Sahonachelys was specialized for an aquatic, suction feeding lifestyle. Sahonachelys likely feed on insect larvae, small fish and tadpoles.
This specialized feeding adaptation has not been documented within any other crown pelomedusoid illustrating the uniqueness of the Madagascan fauna during the Cretaceous, and ways they evolved within isolation from the rest of the planet during this time.

## Classification

A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Joyce et al. found it to be a sister taxon of Sokatra antitra based on the presence of a reduced contribution of the maxilla to the floor of the orbit, and, the presence of distinct posterior process of the maxilla. Because of this Sokatra and Sahonachelys represent the only taxa within the clade Sahonachelyidae. The same analysis also concluded that Sahonachelyidae is sister to the clade formed by Podocnemididae and Bothremydidae.
# John Haag

John Haag (1926–2008) was an American poet and university professor. He spent seven years on the high seas, serving in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II and the United States Navy during the Korean War.

## Background

Haag was born in Sandpoint, Idaho. His writing life began inauspiciously in Theodore Roethke's poetry seminar at the University of Washington. Haag recalled handing his teacher a poem and Roethke's reading "as far as the fourth line, which he slashed away with a great green stroke" from his fountain pen. Haag's next attempt went a little better, as Roethke made it halfway through the poem. While still an undergraduate, he began to place poems in reputable national periodicals, including The New Yorker.
His publications brought fellowships. He went to England in 1959-60 as a Fulbright Scholar, studying at Reading University. There his first collection, The Mirrored Man: Twenty-Three Poems, appeared in 1961. In 1962, he played the lead part of Bartleby in a film adaptation of Herman Melville's story "Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street."
Returning to the United States with a master's degree, he accepted a position in the English Department at Penn State University. He continued to publish as he taught. His second collection, and his best known, The Brine-Breather, appeared from Kayak Books in 1971. The poems are mostly metaphysical meditations on the curiosities of marine biology, bringing the sea cucumber, queen conch, and others to light. Mariners in their ships he treats with searching, Roethke-like precision and quirky scientific observation.
Haag's later poems reflect the experience of his life. He lived in rural Milesburg, ten miles from the university where he taught. He raised orchids and cultivated mushrooms, and these appeared increasingly in his poems.
His final collection, Stones Don’t Float: Poems Selected and New, appeared in 1996 from Ohio State University Press, having won the Press's Journal Award in Poetry. The volume shows his life's work as he moved from an early formalism to open forms.

## Libros

* (1961) The Mirrored Man, Reading, UK: School of Fine Arts
* (1971) The Brine Breather, Santa Cruz: Kayak Books
* (1997) Stones Don’t Float: Poems Selected and New - ISBN 978-0-8142-0717-8

## Personal life

Haag was married for ten years, 1957–68, to Jan Haag.
# Peter Mesier

Peter Mesier may refer to:
* Peter Mesier Jr., American merchant and politician
* Peter Mesier Sr., his father, American merchant and politician
# Aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase

In enzymology, an aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    2 dimethylallyl diphosphate + aspulvinone E $\rightleftharpoons$ 2 diphosphate + aspulvinone H
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are dimethylallyl diphosphate and aspulvinone E, whereas its two products are diphosphate and aspulvinone H.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dimethylallyl-diphosphate:aspulvinone-E dimethylallyltransferase. This enzyme is also called dimethylallyl pyrophosphate:aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase.
# Rome, Richland County, Ohio

Rome is an unincorporated community in Richland County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

The community was named after Rome, New York, according to local history. A variant name was Rives. A post office called Rives was established in 1837, and remained in operation until 1906.
# Bartolomeo Bianco

Bartolomeo Bianco (1590 – 1657) was an Italian architect of the early Baroque.
Born at Como, he was the designer of several palaces in Genoa, where he moved to follow his father, also an architect. His works include the building which is now the centerpiece of the University of Genoa, the Palazzo Balbi at Campomorone and the Palazzo Rocca at Chiavari.
He died in the second year of the two-year plague outbreak that halved the population of the city.
# Lepidochrysops loewensteini

Lepidochrysops loewensteini, the Loewenstein's blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to South Africa and Lesotho. It is mainly found in Lesotho and on the high slopes above Dulcie's Nek in the Eastern Cape.
The wingspan is 32–35 mm for males and 32–33 mm for females. Adults are on wing from January to February. Their life cycle produces one generation per year.
# Owain Williams

Owain Williams is the name of:
* Owain Williams (politician), Welsh politician
* Owain Williams (rugby union) (1964–2021), Welsh rugby union player
* Owain Fôn Williams (born 1987), Welsh footballer
* Owain Williams, Welsh guitarist with the rock group Xerath
# Sydowiella depressula

Sydowiella depressula is a fungal plant pathogen infecting caneberries.
# Karaatlı, Söke

Karaatlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Söke, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 64 (2022).
# John H. Yardley

John Howard "Jack" Yardley (June 7, 1926 - December 7, 2011) was an American pathologist known for his work in gastrointestinal pathology. He worked at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1954 until his retirement in 2006. He served as Baxley Professor of Pathology and director of the Department of Pathology (a position known as Pathologist-in-Chief) from 1988 to 1992. He also served as associate dean of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine from 1977 to 1984. He is regarded as one of the founders of the field of gastrointestinal pathology.

## Early life and education

Yardley was born in Columbia, South Carolina; his father was an executive with Republic Steel. The family moved frequently during his childhood. He graduated from Western Reserve High School in Cleveland in 1944 and immediately entered the U.S. Navy as an electrician's mate, serving for two years. He then attended Birmingham Southern College in Birmingham, Alabama, graduating in 1949 with a degree in chemistry. He earned his M.D. degree from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1953. After a year of internship in internal medicine at Vanderbilt University Hospital, he returned to Johns Hopkins for a residency in pathology, and remained there for the rest of his professional career.

## Career

He was the author of more than 120 articles and 20 book chapters, as well as editing the definitive monograph The Gastrointestinal Tract (1977, Williams and Wilkins). He was one of the founders of the Gastrointestinal Pathology Society.
in the 1970s he established a fellowship in gastrointestinal and liver pathology at Hopkins; in 1999 it was endowed and named the John H. Yardley Fellowship in Gastrointestinal Pathology.
Dr. Edward D. Miller, dean of the medical faculty and CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine, said that Yardley was "one of the founding fathers of the field of gastrointestinal pathology," adding that he made "groundbreaking observations on Whipple's disease of the gastrointestinal tract and helped define the current classification system for neoplastic dysplasia in the colon and esophagus."

## Personal life

He and his wife of 58 years, the former Eritha von der Goltz, were longtime residents of Roland Park in Baltimore, Maryland. They had a son and two daughters. He died December 7, 2011, in Towson, Maryland, at the age of 85.
# Juan Miles

Juan Bautista Miles Passo (24 June 1895 – 18 December 1981) was an Argentine polo player who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born and died in Buenos Aires. His nickname was "El Sordo" (The deaf) due to his hearing problems he got while he was working for a Railway Company in Buenos Aires. In 1924 Miles was part of the Argentine polo team, which won the gold medal.
# Lee Alexander

Lee Alexander may refer to:
* Lee Alexander (musician), American bassist, songwriter and music producer
* Lee Alexander (politician) (1927–1996), American politician; mayor of Syracuse, New York
* Lee Gibson (née Lee Helen Alexander; born 1991), Scottish footballer
# Rosario Strait

48°30′N 122°45′W﻿ / ﻿48.5°N 122.75°W﻿ / 48.5; -122.75
Rosario Strait is a strait in northern Washington state, separating San Juan County and Skagit and Whatcom Counties. It extends from the Strait of Juan de Fuca about 23 kilometres (14 mi) north to the Strait of Georgia. The USGS defines its southern boundary as a line extending from Point Colville on Lopez Island to Rosario Head on Fidalgo Island, and its northern boundary as a line from Point Migley on Lummi Island to the east tip of Puffin Island (just east of Matia Island) and then to Point Thompson on Orcas Island. Rosario Strait runs north-south between Lopez, Decatur, Blakely, and Orcas Islands on the west, and Fidalgo, Cypress, Sinclair, and Lummi Islands on the east.
Rosario Strait is a major shipping channel. More than 500 oil tankers pass through the strait each year, to and from the Cherry Point Refinery and refineries near Anacortes. The strait is in constant use by vessels bound for Cherry Point, Bellingham, Anacortes, and the San Juan Islands. Vessels bound for British Columbia or Alaska also frequently use it in preference to the passages farther west, when greater advantage can be taken of the tidal currents.

## History

In 1790 the Spanish explorers Manuel Quimper and Juan Carrasco, sailing aboard Princesa Real, gave the name Boca de Fidalgo, in honor of Salvador Fidalgo, to Rosario Strait, which was thought to be a bay. In 1791 José María Narváez renamed it Canal de Fidalgo after determining it was a strait. Also in 1791 Francisco de Eliza gave the name Gran Canal de Nuestra Señora del Rosario la Marinera to what is now the Strait of Georgia. In 1792, George Vancouver explored the region and gave the Strait of Georgia its present name after King George III. He did not provide a name for Rosario Strait. In 1847 Charles Wilkes, during the Wilkes Expedition, gave Rosario Strait the name Ringgold Channel after one of his officers. Then in 1847 the British Captain Henry Kellett reorganized the British Admiralty charts, in the process removing the "pro-American" names given by Wilkes and affirming pro-British names and Spanish names. He affirmed the name Gulf of Georgia (Strait of Georgia) given by George Vancouver and used a shortened version of Eliza's name for the Strait of Georgia to replace both Wilkes' and Eliza's original names for Rosario Strait.
Following the Oregon Treaty it was assumed by the British to be the route of the deepest channel to the open sea from the 49th Parallel boundary's terminus in the middle of the Georgia Strait, and is in fact the shortest shipping route. Haro Strait, west of the San Juan Islands, which is wider though somewhat longer, was the American preference for the boundary and its eventual location following the arbitration of the dispute over the San Juan Islands, known as the Pig War.
# Basat Öztürk

Basat Öztürk (born 7 December 1963) is a Turkish diplomat who served as the permanent representative of Turkey to NATO and as the Turkish ambassador to Afghanistan.

## Early life

Basat Öztürk was born in Elazığ on 7 December 1963. He graduated from Ankara University, Faculty of Political Sciences in 1985. In 1996 he enrolled into the NATO Defense College.

## Career

After graduating from university in 1985, he entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs serving as the third secretary and attache in the NATO department. From 1989 and 1994 he served in the Turkish embassy in Tehran and the consulate in Chicago. He then served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in several NATO related positions until 2000.
Öztürk served as Consul General in Alexandria between 2002 and 2004. From 2004 he was involved with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs assuming the position as its Deputy Director-General of Maritime and Aviation from 2007 to 2009. He became an ambassador to Kabul on 19 October 2009.
On 17 November 2013, Öztürk replaced NATO Deputy Secretary General Hüseyin Diriöz, whose term of office expired in 2013. He was nominated but a German candidate was selected.
He served as General Manager of Multilateral Political Affairs from 1 December 2013 and 15 March 2015 and has been General Manager of International Security Affairs from 15 March 2015 and 16 October 2016.
On 17 October 2016, he served as the first civilian deputy undersecretary of the Ministry of National Defense until 9 July 2018. Öztürk became the Permanent Representative of Turkey to NATO on 15 November 2018.
He was replaced by his successor, Zeki Levent Gümrükçü, on 16 January 2023.

## Personal life

Öztürk speaks English. He is married and has two daughters.
# Lepidochrysops lerothodi

Lepidochrysops lerothodi, the Lesotho blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found mainly found in Lesotho. In South Africa it is only found on high mountain peaks in the Golden Gate Highlands in Limpopo province, the Free State and the Eastern Cape.
The wingspan is 32–36 mm for males and 33–38 mm for females. Adults are on wing from January to February. There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Selago flanaganii.