OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lex Plaetoria

In Roman law, a Lex Plaetoria is a law (lex) introduced by someone with the family name Plaetorius.

## Lex Plaetoria de iurisdictione

The Lex Plaetoria de iurisdictione (after 242 BC, but before 200 BC) was introduced as a plebiscite (plebiscitum) by the tribune M. Plaetorius. The law is significant in the history of the praetorship, but the textual difficulties of the passage in which it is most fully described leave room for varying interpretation. The law required the urban praetor to make himself available to administer justice for the people (populus), probably in the Comitium, all day, until dusk. It is assumed to have redefined the duties of the praetor as established by the Twelve Tables, perhaps because of the recent creation of the praetor peregrinus. It specifies that the praeter urbanus administered justice inter cives, "among citizens," in contrast to the praetor inter peregrinos, among foreigners. This assumption dates the Lex Plaetoria to 242 BC or after, but the dating is problematic because the Plaetorii are not known to have been prominent in public life until after 200. The law also provided the urban praetor with two lictors while he was exercising his jurisdiction.

## Lex Plaetoria de minoribus

The Lex Plaetoria de minoribus (192–191 BC) protected legal minors. If someone under age 25 entered into a legal transaction contrary to his own interests, it authorized a praetor to grant a restitutio in integrum, a legal remedy for a person who had suffered an unjust loss because of an overly strict application of law. The legal position of both parties was restored to their standing before the contested litigation, but as a matter of civil law (ius civile), the transaction itself was not reversed.

## Lex Plaetoria on altars

A Lex Plaetoria (mid-2nd century BC) is known from two inscriptions commemorating the refurbishing of altars by an Aulus Postumius Albinus, identified as a duovir and possibly the consul of 180 BC (censor 173 BC). The law seems to have been passed specifically to authorize Postumius Albinus to undertake these two projects, and was not necessarily aimed at legislating religious dedications in general, though religious revivalism was characteristic of the period as a response to the Second Punic War.
# LGD-3303

LGD-3303 is a drug which acts as a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), with good oral bioavailability. It is a selective agonist for the androgen receptor, producing functional selectivity with effective dissociation of anabolic and androgenic effects, acting as a partial agonist for androgenic effects, but a full agonist for anabolic effects. It has been investigated as a possible treatment for osteoporosis, and was shown in animal studies to enhance the effectiveness of a bisphosphonate drug.
# Starspawn of Volturnus

Starspawn of Volturnus is an adventure published by TSR in 1982 for the science fiction role-playing game Star Frontiers.

## Contents

In the first module of the "Volturnus Trilogy", SF-0 Crash on Volturnus, the player characters involuntarily arrived on the alien planet Volturnus when their spacecraft crash-landed. At the conclusion of the second module in this series, SF-1 Volturnus, Planet of Mystery, they learned that an invading battle fleet of the mysterious and aggressive aliens called the Sathar would be arriving in two weeks. In this, the final adventure of the trilogy, the humans have only a few days to create an alliance of the four native races of the planet if there is to be any possibility of defeating the Sathar.

## Publication history

TSR published the science fiction role-playing game Star Frontiers in 1982, a boxed set that included the game's first adventure, SF-0 Crash on Volturnus. TSR quickly followed this with the release in the same year of two more adventures in the "Volturnus Trilogy", SF-1 Voltrunus, Planet of Mystery, and SF-2 Starspawn of Volturnus, a 32-page book with a cardstock outer folder, written by Mark Acres and Tom Moldvay, with interior art by Jim Holloway, and cover art by Tim Truman.

## Reception

Jim Bambra reviewed Starspawn of Volturnus for Imagine magazine, and stated that "Good players are rewarded by a cataclysmic conclusion to the Volturnus trilogy and the potential for some very enjoyable roleplaying. A must for Star Frontiers fans."
# Kylo

Kylo may refer to:

## People

* Kylo-Patrick Hart, a department chair at the Texas Christian University
* Kylo Jones, a player for the Western Michigan Broncos men's basketball team
* Kylo Evergreen Maris, the son of Bill Maris
* Kylo Turner, a former singer for the Pilgrim Travelers

### Fictional characters

* Prince Kylo, a character in the Doctor Who universe
* Kylo Ren, the main antagonist of the sequel trilogy of the Star Wars universe

## Radio

* KYLO, the first callsign used by the California radio station KXSE
* KYLO-LP, a Catholic radio station also in California

## Technology

* An alternate spelling of the Russian Kilo-class submarine
* Kylo (web browser), an open source web browser

## Other

* Kyloe, a civil parish in the county of Northumberland, England
* Kylo (given name)
# Johann Carl Ludwig Schmid

Johann Carl Ludwig Schmid (12 September 1780 in Cottbus – 4 September 1849 in Berlin) was a German architect. He succeeded August Günther as leader of the Oberbaudeputation in 1842, and in 1848 the kingdom of Prussia made him director of Berlin's Bauakademie.
* This article about a German architect is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Oaklands, New Zealand

Oaklands is a southern suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. The area is predominantly residential.
When Halswell House was purchased by Peter Watson (1869?–1947), he renamed it Oaklands after the trees lining the driveway. A subsequent owner, Karl Scott (1910–1997) subdivided the property about 1960.

## Demographics

Oaklands, comprising the statistical areas of Oaklands West and Oaklands East, covers 2.78 km$^2$ (1.07 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 6,230 as of June 2023, with a population density of 2,241 people per km$^2$.
Before the 2023 census, the suburb had a larger boundary, covering 3.00 km$^2$ (1.16 sq mi). Using that boundary, Oaklands had a population of 5,856 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 177 people (3.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 147 people (2.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,121 households, comprising 2,877 males and 2,976 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female, with 1,122 people (19.2%) aged under 15 years, 1,161 (19.8%) aged 15 to 29, 2,631 (44.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 936 (16.0%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 84.4% European/Pākehā, 9.1% Māori, 2.4% Pasifika, 11.0% Asian, and 2.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 20.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 51.6% had no religion, 36.9% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.2% were Hindu, 0.4% were Muslim, 0.4% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 999 (21.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 858 (18.1%) people had no formal qualifications. 837 people (17.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,568 (54.2%) people were employed full-time, 660 (13.9%) were part-time, and 153 (3.2%) were unemployed.
Individual statistical areas in 2018 :
| Name | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Density (per km$^2$) | Households | Median age | Median income |
| Oaklands West | 1.70 | 2,514 | 1,479 | 885 | 42.0 years | $36,900 |
| Oaklands East | 1.30 | 3,342 | 2,571 | 1,236 | 34.1 years | $37,400 |
| New Zealand | | | | | 37.4 years | $31,800 |

## Education

Oaklands School Te Kura o Ōwaka is a full primary school catering for years 1 to 8. It had a roll of 630 as of August 2024. The school opened in 1964.
# Hohe Straße

Hohe Straße is a shopping street in the old town of Cologne, Germany, and one of the city's both oldest and busiest streets. Together with many of its adjacent side streets, Hohe Straße is part of a designated pedestrian zone and spans about 680 metres from Cologne Cathedral on its Northern end to Schildergasse on its Southern end.

## History

The street dates back to Roman times, when it was the city's Cardo Maximus, running parallel to the River Rhine. It was lined with stores, smithies, offices and various shops and vendors. At its centre lay the former forum and important buildings, like temples and the Praetorium. Two Roman legions had barracks, hospitals, canteens and thermae along its course. At this time, it spanned the entire city of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, from the Northern Gate, located near today's cathedral, to the Southern Gate, located near today's St. Maria im Kapitol - then site of a Roman temple in honour of the Capitoline Triad.
Over the centuries, the street kept its central functions, but changed names numerous times and developed several distinct stretches. During the Early Middle Ages it was first called "strata lapidea" or "Steinweg", (meaning Stone Street), given that for a long time it remained an example of a Roman road. Later it had different names for various of its sections.
Already during late Antiquity, the quarter next to the Preatorium developed into Cologne's Jewish quarter. A document from the year 341 testified imperial privileges for an early synagoge. Building and site of the old Praetorium itself were later used by both Frankish Kings and - latest since the 1130s - the city's council. Still on this site today, the oldest parts of Cologne City Hall date back to the 1330s. Hohe Straße's section North of the city hall became center of the newly established University of Cologne in the year 1388.
During Cologne's incorporation into the First French Empire (1795–1814), Ferdinand Franz Wallraf created a survey of all streets in Cologne and their respective given names. The "Hohe Straße" (meaning High Street), as it was called at this time, derived its name from the "Hohe Pforte" (meaning High Porte) on the very Southern end of the street.
During the 19th century, Hohe Straße grew to become the busy shopping street it still is today. Shops and customers on Hohe Straße range all types and ages. Among today's landmarks on Hohe Straße are shopping passage of Cologne chocolatier Stollwerck and flagship store Leonhard Tietz of Galeria Kaufhof.

## Places of interest nearby

* Cologne Cathedral
* Cologne City Hall
* Cologne Archaeological Zone
* Museum für Angewandte Kunst
* Fragrance Museum
* Kolumba Museum
* Wallraf-Richartz Museum
* St. Maria im Kapitol
# Jean-François Boyvin de Bonnetot

Jean-François Boyvin de Bonnetot, Marquis de Bacqueville (1688 – Paris, 7 October 1760), was a French inventor from Bacqueville-en-Caux.
On March 19, 1742, he flew in a glider over the river Seine. Jean-Jacques Rousseau observed and recorded the event in his biographical book. He equipped himself with wings and attempted to fly off the roof of the hotel. He briefly hovered 300 meters above the Seine before falling into a barge and breaking his leg.
Boyvin died in 1760 in a house fire in Paris.
# Lewis Seifert

Lewis Carl Seifert (born February 1, 1962) is a professor of French Literature at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island.
Seifert holds a DEA from the Université de Paris III (1986) and a PhD from the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Michigan (1989).
He is the author of two books; Fairy tales, sexuality, and gender in France, 1690-1715 : nostalgic utopias (Cambridge UP, 1996) and Manning the Margins: Masculinity and Writing in Seventeenth-Century France (University of Michigan Press, 2009), and articles such as "Marvelous in Context: The Place of the Contes de Fées in Late Seventeenth Century France".
# LAPTM4B

Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAPTM4B gene.
LAPTM4B protein contains a lysosome localization motif and localizes on late endosomes and lysosomes.

## Clinical significance

Increased expression of LAPTM4B has been found in breast, liver, lung, ovarian, uterine, gastric cancers. Elevated LAPTM4B level contributes to chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer. Overexpression of LAPTM4B causes anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin) resistance by retaining drug in the cytoplasm and decreasing nuclear localization of drug and drug induced DNA damage.
LAPTM4B also promotes autophagy, a cell survival mechanism mediated by lysosomes. LAPTM4B promotes autophagy and renders tumor cells resistant to metabolic and genotoxic stress and results in more rapid tumor growth. Based on these findings, LAPTM4B can be utilized to be a therapeutic target to prevent chemotherapy resistance or a marker to identify the patients who will not benefit from anthracyclines.
LAPTM4B mediates pro-cancer functions through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a well-known oncogene overexpressed and/or mutated in many solid tumors. In nutrient rich conditions, LAPTM4B amplifies EGFR signaling by blocking the intraluminal sorting and lysosomal degradation of activated EGFR. In stressed conditions such as nutrient deprivation, LAPTM4B alternatively sequesters inactive EGFR at an endosomal complex that contributes to autophagy upregulation, a function independent of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. LAPTM4B selectively interacts with inactive EGFR, which is markedly promoted by serum starvation. Thus, LAPTM4B not only augments proliferative signaling, but it also increases cellular stress resistance. These studies suggest that co-targeting EGFR with LAPTM4B or autophagy might improve therapeutic response in EGFR positive cancer patients.
# Aqtash District

Aqtash District is a district in Kunduz Province, Afghanistan. It was not part of the 399 or 407 district sets, but is recognized in the 422 district set as a temporary district. It was split from Khanabad District in late 2015 after a visit from Ashraf Ghani, the president of Afghanistan. In 2019, only two polling centers were open in the district, with 277 votes cast.

## Geography

Aqtash is bordered by Dasht-e-Archi District to the north, Baharak District and Bangi District to the east, Khanabad District to the south, and Kunduz District to the west. Kunduz District holds the provincial capital of Kunduz, and Baharak and Bangi are located in Takhar Province. The Khanabad River forms Aqtash's southern border.

## History

Aqtash District was established in 2015 by Ashraf Ghani after he visited Kunduz Province. Gurtipa District and Calbad District were also created. A large operation was conducted to clear the district of militants in 2016, with dozens of villages cleared.
In the 2018 election, only two polling centers were open in Aqtash, and the district governor declined to provide further details other than "turnout was good". Earlier that year, an operation was taken to clear the district and succeeded. However, as soon as security forces left, the Taliban returned to the district. An operation was launched in 2017, causing 50 militant casualties. Later, in June 2019, a bastion was stormed in the district and 19 detainees were set free.
A large operation was taken by the government in early 2020, killing many insurgents and their commanders across Kunduz Province, including Aqtash. Over 10,000 people were displaced as a result of the fighting in Aqtash, or about 1472 families.
# Rotafolia

Rotafolia is a genus of the extinct Sphenophyllales horsetails. The species Rotafolia songziensis was first described as Bowmanites songziensis in 1984, based on a fossilized strobilus, and transferred to the new genus Rotafolia in 2005.

## Description

Rotafolia songziensis is similar to Hamatophyton verticillatum and is found in the Xiejingsi Formation. R. songziensis consists of branched axes, up to 20 cm long, which have slightly swollen nodes and internodes with ribs and narrow branches produced from the nodes. The axes are protostelic. Cross sections show a roughly triangular or quadrangular organization of the primary xylem and radial arrangement of the secondary xylem. Primary xylem is exarch upon maturation, with protoxylem strands positioned around the tips of the primary xylem arms. No differentiation between fascicular and interfascicular regions of the secondary xylem is apparent, and ray cells are rarely observed. Protoxylem tracheids have helical wall thickenings, whereas the tracheids of meta- and secondary xylem possess scalariform and/or bordered pits. All R. songziensis axes bear trichomes or spines, some up to 2.8 mm long. At the nodes are whorls of six leaves, up to 2.4 cm long, that regularly or irregularly fork two to four times. The leaves are positioned perpendicular to the axis in proximal portions of the plant but inserted at acute angles in distal portions. Fertile branches are produced in a terminal strobilus (8.5 cm long), which is subtended by whorls of normally developed leaves. It consists of a central axis and up to 16 whorls of fertile units, each of which consists of a bract and 6-10 sporangia. The bracts are elongate-cuneate and have prominent marginal fringes; sporangia are attached to the abaxial surface at the base of each bract. Although R. songziensis closely resembles H. verticillatum with its external axis morphology, leaf shape, and structure of the primary xylem. However, the two forms differ in strobilus morphology.
# John Acland (died 1553)

John Acland (died 1553) was described as "the first of the [Acland] family to emerge from the shadows of history as a visible human being". His great-grandson was the Royalist colonel Sir John Acland, 1st Baronet (died 1648) of Columb John. Little if anything is known of his life and career, he was possibly a minor Tudor official, but he is chiefly remembered for his surviving portrait which is displayed at Killerton House, the earliest surviving image of an Acland and one of the most cherished in that family's former collection, now owned by the National Trust.
He was seated at Acland Barton in the parish of Landkey, near Barnstaple in North Devon, which had been the family's seat since 1155. The Acland family is believed to have migrated to England from Flanders soon after the Norman Conquest and were in the late 20th century probably the oldest surviving landed family in Devon, which by the 19th century possessed a huge estate in the West Country of almost 40,000 acres.

## Origins

He was the eldest son and heir of the fifth John Acland of Acland by his wife Elizabeth Cruwys, daughter of John Cruwys of Cruwys Morchard, Devon, another ancient Devon family that survives today and still occupies its ancient manor house. The fifth John had pre-deceased his father, the fourth John Acland (died 1539), and thus this John (the sixth) inherited his grandfather's estates at the age of about 17.

## Marriage and children

John Acland married Margaret Radcliff, a daughter and co-heiress of Hugh Radcliff of Stepney. They had the following children:
* Hugh Acland (c. 1543–1622) of Acland, eldest son and heir, Sheriff of Devon in 1611. At the age of about 70 he became heir to his wealthy and childless younger brother, Sir John Acland of Columb John, Broadclyst. He was buried in Landkey Church on 22 May 1622.
* Sir John Acland (died 14 February 1620), knighted at the Tower of London 15 November 1603/4, MP for Devon in 1604, Sheriff of Devon in 1608. He purchased the estate of Columb John in the parish of Broadclyst, Devon. He is one of John Prince's Worthies of Devon.
* Gertrude Acland, married Guy Bonvile of Street, Somerset.
* Dorothy Acland, married Robert Smith of Mucheney, Somerset.
After Acland's death, Margaret remarried to John Brett of Whitestaunton.

## Lands held

In addition to his estate of Acland, by the 1550s John Acland held lands in the parishes of Loxbeare, Chittlehampton, Tedburn St Mary, High Bray and Swimbridge.

## Death and burial

The date 1554 on Acland's portrait is erroneous, probably a later addition. He died on 5 October 1553 and was buried in Landkey church. His will was proved by his widow on 1 June 1554 in the Consistory Court of the Bishop of Exeter.
# Auer Mühlbach

Auer Mühlbach is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It is a branch of the Isar in the southern part of Munich.

## History

Long before the "official" founding of the city of Munich, the water power of the Isar was used for the operation of mills. Since the Isar was a wild mountain river and until its increasing regulation from the 19th century on, it frequently changed its course and showed strong level fluctuations. The mill wheels in the Munich area were not built at the unpredictable main branch, but at a regulable, artificially diverted side branch with as constant a water flow as possible, the Mühlbach. The first written mention of the stream and a mill at Kiesingenum (today Untergiesing) is found in a document from the year 957.
# Vice President Xiao

Vice President Xiao may refer to:
* Sonny Xiao, vice-president of Nenking Group
* Hsiao Bi-khim (蕭美琴; pinyin: Xiāo Měiqín; born 1971), 16th Vice President of the Republic of China
* Vincent Siew (蕭萬長; pinyin: Xiāo Wàncháng; born 1939), 12th Vice President of the Republic of China
# Jean-Marie Massoubre

Jean Marie Massoubre (23 November 1921 - 23 August 2020) was a Michelin engineer associated with the early development of the radial tire. He was later in his career on the board of directors of Michelin.
Massoubre received his education in chemistry from ENSIC. During the school year 1943-1944, he received a research allowance to work as a Practical Work Monitor in physical chemistry. The allowance was renewed for the year 1944-1945, but Massoubre resigned as of 1 October 1944.
Massoubre was an R & D coordinator at Michelin. Over his career he received many patents for tire technology. He was elected to the Board of Directors on November 21, 1986. He was re-elected to the Board of Directors on December 15, 1989, and elected Honorary Chairman of the Board of Directors on November 13, 1992.
Massoubre was the 1976 recipient of the Colwyn Medal. He was the 1989 recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal.
# Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu

Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu (1888 - 1982 in Selanik, Ottoman Empire) was a Turkish architect best known for his work on the State Art and Sculpture Museum in Ankara, Turkey.
He died at the age of 94.

## Image gallery

* State Art and Sculpture Museum (1927–30)
# Archanara dissoluta

Archanara dissoluta, the brown-veined wainscot, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1825. It is found in most of Europe (except Iceland, Slovenia and Croatia), east into Russia and Siberia.

## Description

The wingspan is 27–33 mm. It was first described as a comparatively rare dark-reddish suffused form of the much commoner and paler arundineta Schmidt [now synonym of dissoluta]; the more general form, at least in Britain, has the forewing greyish ochreous dusted with fuscous, the two folds with a slight reddish tinge, separated by a black streak from base below cell, which runs as a more diffuse shade sometimes to termen; veins often dark grey or blackish; outer line represented by black vein-dashes; the upper stigmata interrupted in middle by the reddish tint of the cell; their upper portions marked by black dots; the lower lobe of reniform filled with black and edged with white scales, sometimes complete throughout; a series of black marginal lunules; hindwing dirty grey; the female is paler, narrower winged, without any red tinge, dusted with grey instead of fuscous, without the strong black median streak; the two folds olive fawn colour; the black in lower lobe of reniform strong and edged with white; the hindwing paler, showing more clearly a dark outer line and terminal shade; the underside of both wings with a distinct dark cell spot.

## Biology

Adults are on wing from July to September.
The larvae feed internally on the stems of the common reed (Phragmites australis) and pupation takes place within the stem.

## Habitat

Reed beds.