OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jerry L. Atwood

Jerry Lee Atwood (born 1942) is an American supramolecular chemist. He is currently a Curators' Distinguished Professor in Chemistry at the University of Missouri. He is an international leader in Supramolecular chemistry. He has developed the field by his research and by writing a text book on Supramolecular Chemistry.

## Education and early life

Jerry Atwood was born in Springfield, Missouri. He attended Southwest Missouri State College, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1964. He received his PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1968.

## Career and research

Atwood was appointed as an assistant professor at the University of Alabama and was named a full professor in 1978. In 1994, he was appointed as a chair and professor in the department of chemistry with the University of Missouri.

## Awards and honors

Atwood is a recipient of the most prestigious Izatt-Christensen International Macrocyclic Chemistry Award. He has also received an honorary doctor of science degree from the University of South Florida. Atwood also received an honor PREFACE from the University of Georgia.
# Kurya (khan)

Kurya (Ukrainian: Куря, Pecheneg: *Kürä) was a Pecheneg prince and khan who allied with Svyatoslav I of Kiev in his campaigns in the Balkans. Later, after Svyatoslav's defeat by the Byzantine Empire, Kurya ambushed and killed the Kievan grand prince at Khortytsia. According to the Chronicle of Bygone Years, Kurya had Svyatoslav's skull made into a goblet (a known practice in Eurasian nomadic cultures for brave foes), and gilded. Dates of his rule are unknown, but he was no longer khan somewhere around 988 CE, being succeeded by Metiga. It is also possible that he was the leader of the Pechenegs in the 968 siege of Kiev, but since a starting date is unknown, it is almost impossible to tell (and it could have been any of several other Pecheneg princes). Kurya appears as a villain in the 2006 animated film Prince Vladimir.

## Life

Very little is known of Kurya's life; most of what can be reasonably inferred about him is taken from educated guessing and very vague. Apparently, Kurya and his wife drank from the gilded chalice made from Svyatoslav's skull and prayed for a son as brave as him (it is unknown if he had any children). Only mentioned in the Primary Chronicle, Kurya was the most powerful of the Pecheneg princes - Rus' historians included only his name in the Chronicle (a history of the Rus') when it was being compiled. In the late 1520s, however, the Nikonian Chronicle was created. A compilation of Rus' chronicles, it mentioned Pecheneg prince Ildeya as coming into the service of Yaropolk I. Around 988, Pecheneg leader Metiga did the same for Vladimir the Great - therefore Kurya was no longer khan by 988. However, what occurred after the death of Svyatoslav is not recorded, and Kurya's reign can be pinpointed to the 970s; this is not to say that he was not in power earlier, as there is no timeline for his rule until 988, when Metiga had definitely replaced him.

## Death of Svyatoslav

The Pechenegs were allied with Byzantium during Kurya's life (having a complicated relationship with the Rus'). Svyatoslav's Rus' had invaded the Balkan Bulgars in 967 or 968, assisting the Byzantines. However, the Slavic grand prince's campaign had greatly exceeded the expectations of the Byzantines, under Emperor Nikephoros Phokas. Svyatoslav refused to turn over his territorial victories to the Empire (he had been paid 15,000 pounds of gold), thus the two parties dropped their alliance. After some fighting and disturbances, Svyatoslav's retreat point was besieged by the Byzantines. He surrendered and left the Balkans, relinquishing his territory while doing so.
Having ceded his territories in the Danube region, Svyatoslav began to return to Kiev. Although he had been defeated, new Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes (who had assassinated and overthrown Phokas) worried that the peace treaty he had forced Svyatoslav to sign between the Empire and Rus' would not last. Therefore, at the behest of Byzantium, the Pechenegs (led by Kurya) ambushed Svyatoslav and his army when he attempted to cross the cataracts near Khortytsia, at the Dnieper River, in March 972. His army took heavy losses, and the grand prince himself was slain.
# Air reserve component

The air reserve components (ARC) are the reserve forces of the United States Air Force, consisting of the Air Force Reserve (AFR) and the Air National Guard (ANG). ‘ARC’ is a designation used to refer to the entire reserve structure of the Air Force; It is not a command or organization in and of itself. Both the AFR and ANG have their own command structures. Together with the ‘regular’ Air Force, the AFR and ANG (as well as the Civil Air Patrol, as of 2015) make up the ‘Air Force Total Force’ concept.
# Jagannath Bharadwaj

Jagannath Bharadwaj was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Himachal Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Asun Balzola

Asunción Balzola Elorza (18 July 1942 in Bilbao – 22 June 2006 in Madrid), better known as Asun Balzola, was a Spanish autodidact illustrator, writer and translator. After partially recovering from a severe car crash, she studied painting and graphic arts at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid. Balzola worked in advertising and graphic design, in addition to her work in the fine arts. Among other awards, she received the Lazarillo Prize for her illustrations and has twice earned the Spanish National Illustration Prize.
Asun Balzola's illustration style is best known for the use of color blotches and thick lines (frequently painting using a watercolour technique). Her files and library were donated, posthumously, to the Centro de Documentación Infantil of the Central Library at San Sebastián.

## Selected works
### Some works illustrated by Asun Balzola

* Las noches del gato verde, by Elizabeth Mulder. Anaya. 1962.
* Cancionero infantil universal, by Bonifacio Gil. Aguilar. 1965. Lazarillo Prize.
* La niña sin nombre, by J. L. García Sánchez and M. A. Pacheco. Altea. 1978. (Girl with no name. Methuen, 1979.)
* El niño y el robot, by J. L. García Sánchez and M. A. Pacheco. Altea. 1978. (Boy and his robot. Methuen, 1979.)
* Platero y yo, by Juan Ramón Jiménez. Bruguera. 1980.
* Zuecos y naranjas, by Montserrat del Amo. La Galera. 1981.
* La bruja doña Paz, by Antoniorrobles. Miñón. 1981.
* Txitoen istorioa, by Bernardo Atxaga. Golden Award, Bratislava Biennale. 1985.
* La cacería, by Bernardo Atxaga. Altea. 1986.
* Celia en la revolución, by Elena Fortún. Aguilar. 1987.
* Un montón de Unicornios, by Ana Maria Machado. SM. 1990.
* Papá ya no vive con nosotros, by Manuel Alonso. SM. 1992.
* Poemas para la pupila, by Juan Cruz Iguerabide. Hiperión. 1995.
* El primer gigante, by Teresa Durán. La Galera. 1995.
* Cuando los gatos se sienten tan solos, by Mariasun Landa. Anaya. 1997.

### Some works written and illustrated by Asun Balzola

* Historia de un erizo. Miñón. 1978. Spanish National Illustration Prize.
* Munia y la luna (Apel·les Mestres Prize 1980). Los zapatos de Munia. Munia y el cocodrilo naranja. Munia y la señora Piltronera (Spanish National Illustration Prize 1985). Munia y los hallazgos. Destino. 1980–1988. (Munia and the moon. Munia and the red shoes. Munia and the orange crocodile. Munia and the day things went wrong, Cambridge University Press, 1988–1989.)
* Santino el pastelero. Destino. 1986.
* Ala de mosca. Pirene. 1989.
* La cazadora de Indiana Jones. SM. 1989.
* El niño dibuja la noche. Nada como los disfraces. Buscar a María. Scott Foresman. 1999.

### Works for adult readers

* Txoriburu. Cabeza de chorlito, memoirs.
# Latorrecilla

Latorrecilla is a locality located in the municipality of Aínsa-Sobrarbe, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 30.

## Geography

Latorrecilla is located 98km northeast of Huesca.
# Air sac (disambiguation)

Air sac generally refers to an organ or portion of an organ containing air within an animal's respiratory system. It may refer specifically to:
* Pulmonary alveolus, small hollow cavities which are a part of the lungs within mammals
* Air sacs, structures in the saurischian dinosaur respiratory system, including the extant bird respiratory system
# Newton Township

Newton Township may refer to:

## Arkansas

* Newton Township Faulkner County, Arkansas, in Faulkner County, Arkansas

## Illinois

* Newton Township, Whiteside County, Illinois

## Indiana

* Newton Township, Jasper County, Indiana

## Iowa

* Newton Township, Buchanan County, Iowa
* Newton Township, Carroll County, Iowa
* Newton Township, Jasper County, Iowa
* Newton Township, Winnebago County, Iowa

## Kansas

* Newton Township, Harvey County, Kansas

## Michigan

* Newton Township, Calhoun County, Michigan
* Newton Township, Mackinac County, Michigan

## Minnesota

* Newton Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

## Missouri

* Newton Township, Shannon County, Missouri

## New Jersey

* Newton Township, Camden County, New Jersey
* Newton Township, Sussex County, New Jersey

## North Carolina

* Newton Township, Catawba County, North Carolina, in Catawba County, North Carolina

## Ohio

* Newton Township, Licking County, Ohio
* Newton Township, Miami County, Ohio
* Newton Township, Muskingum County, Ohio
* Newton Township, Pike County, Ohio
* Newton Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

## Pennsylvania

* Newton Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
# Raúl Rangel

Raúl Rangel may refer to:
* Raúl Rangel (badminton) (born 1941), Mexican badminton player
* Raúl Rangel (footballer) (born 2000), Mexican footballer
# Witchhopple Lake

Witchhopple Lake is located near Keepawa, New York. The outlet flows into Salmon Lake and then from there into Stillwater Reservoir. Fish species present in Witchhopple Lake are brook trout, white sucker, sunfish, yellow perch, and splake. Access by trail from the north shore of Stillwater Reservoir. No motors are allowed on Witchhopple Lake. There is a trail that goes from Witchhopple Lake to Negro Lake called Bushwhack Trail.
# Jesus Maria, California

38°17′08″N 120°38′51″W﻿ / ﻿38.28556°N 120.64750°W﻿ / 38.28556; -120.64750
Jesus Maria (Spanish: Jesús María) is an unincorporated community in Calaveras County, California. It lies at an elevation of 1043 feet (318 m) and is located at 38°17′08″N 120°38′51″W﻿ / ﻿38.28556°N 120.64750°W﻿ / 38.28556; -120.64750. The community is in ZIP code 95222 and area code 209.
The community, the center of a large placer mining section, was named for a Mexican who raised vegetables and melons for the miners. It was settled in the early 1850s with a large population of Mexicans, French, Chileans, and Italians. Now it is only populated by a few families who live together and work for common goals, including a large community garden, basketball court, jungle gym for children, and a windmill to pump water.
Jesus Maria is registered as California Historical Landmark #284.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Jesus Maria is in the 8th Senate District, represented by Democrat Angelique Ashby, and the 5th Assembly District, represented by Republican Joe Patterson. Federally, Jesus Maria is in California's 4th congressional district, represented by Democrat Mike Thompson.
# Apustia gens

The gens Apustia was a plebeian family at Rome during the period of the Republic. The first member of this gens who obtained the consulship was Lucius Apustius Fullo, in 226 BC.

## Praenomina

The praenomina associated with the Apustiii included Lucius, Gaius, and Publius.

## Branches and cognomina

The only significant branch of the Apustia gens at Rome bore the cognomen Fullo. It was probably derived from the occupation of one of the Apustii, a cleaner of woolen cloths.

## Members

    This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.
* Gaius Apustius, grandfather of the consul of 226 BC.
* Lucius Apustius, father of the consul of 226 BC.
* Lucius Apustius L. f. C. n. Fullo, consul in 226 BC, prepared for a Gallic invasion.
* Lucius Apustius L. f. L. n. Fullo, praetor in 196 BC.
* Lucius Apustius, commander of the Roman troops at Tarentum in 215 BC.
* Lucius Apustius, legate of the consul Publius Sulpicius Galba in Macedonia during the war against Philip in 200 BC, and later of Lucius Cornelius Scipio in 190.
* Publius Apustius, one of the ambassadors sent to the younger Ptolemaeus in 161 BC.
# Aktionsgruppe Banat

The Aktionsgruppe Banat was a literary society that fought for freedom of speech, founded by German-speaking authors of the Banat Swabian minority in the Romanian Banat in 1972. The society suffered persecution from the communist authorities and the Securitate secret police, and was eventually dissolved by the communist authorities in 1975.

## Members

The society included the following members.
* Albert Bohn [ro]
* Rolf Bossert [ro]
* Werner Kremm [ro]
* Johann Lippet [ro]
* Gerhard Ortinau [ro]
* Anton Sterbling [ro]
* William Totok [ro]
* Richard Wagner
* Ernest Wichner
Herta Müller, Horst Samson [ro], Roland Kirsch [ro], Helmuth Frauendorfer [ro], and Werner Söllner [ro], who are often mentioned in connection with the society, were not members of the society that existed from 1972 to 1975, but were active in the "Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn" literary circle, which comprised most of the membership of Aktionsgruppe Banat.

## Documentary movie

In 2010, the premiere of the documentary "An den Rand geschrieben – German writers, originating from Romania, in the spotlight of the Securitate", conducted by Helmuth Frauendorfer and Michael Baum, took place in Berlin. The film addresses the topic of the security investigation of the German writers from Banat and the evolution, in the context of the German literature in western Romania of the 70th and 80th, with the emphasis on their courage to rebelling and the experiences of the Banat Action Group founders under the Communist regime.

## Literature

* William Totok (1988). Die Zwänge der Erinnerung. Aufzeichnungen aus Rumänien. Hamburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Ernest Wichner, ed. (1992). Ein Pronomen ist verhaftet worden. Die frühen Jahre in Rumänien. Texte der Aktionsgruppe Banat. Frankfurt am Main.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Anton Sterbling (2008). Am Anfang war das Gespräch”. Reflexionen und Beiträge zur "Aktionsgruppe Banat" und andere literatur- und kunstbezogene Arbeiten. Hamburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Sabina Kienlechner (November 2010), ""Unter dem Einfluss der bürgerlichen Ideologie". Die "Aktionsgruppe Banat" in den Akten der Securitate", Sinn und Form, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 746–769
* Adela-Gabriela Hîncu: Children of the Cultural Revolution „Gone Astray”: The Forlorn 1970s Generation of German Writers from Socialist Romania, Budapest, 2013, in: Academia.edu Archived 2022-05-28 at the Wayback Machine
# Jake Logan

Jake Logan can refer to:
* Jake Logan, the main character in Tachyon: The Fringe
* Jake Logan, the pen name under which several authors have written Slocum Westerns
* Jake Logan (wrestler), an American professional wrestler
# Jhow Island

Jhow Island is a continental island located at the mouth of Vasai Creek of the Vaitarna River in the Arabian Sea, near the Palghar district in Maharashtra, India. It has villages such as Chikhaldongri and Naringi.

## Geography

It spans an area of approximately 1.23 square kilometers with an elevation of about 1 meter. The island's margins are covered with mangroves, while the interior is used for cultivation. The flora includes mangrove species and associated plants, while the fauna comprises crustaceans, marine invertebrates, fish, and seabirds.
The primary economic activities on Jhow Island include agriculture and fishing. The shortest distance from the mainland is 2 km from Khardi and 3 km from Vihar villages. The nearest airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, 55 km away.

## Climate

The climate of Jhow Island is classified as tropical wet and dry ('Aw') according to the Köppen-Geiger system. The average annual temperature is 26.5 °C, with May being the warmest month (29.8 °C) and January the coldest (22.6 °C). The island receives an annual precipitation of 2101 mm, with the highest rainfall occurring in July (831 mm).

## Sand mining

In 2018, a public interest litigation (PIL) was filed by Julie Kharbhumi Labharthi Shetkari Sahkari Sanstha, addressing concerns about illegal sand mining in the Vaitarna River, which posed a threat to the livelihoods of approximately 100 farmer families on Jhow Island. Responding to the case, the Bombay High Court instructed the Indian Railways to install iron girders under two railway bridges and set up CCTV cameras powered by solar panels to monitor and curb illegal sand mining activities. The court also directed the Government of Maharashtra to formulate a policy within one month to ensure that illegally excavated sand is returned to its original location to mitigate ecological damage.
# Latosol

Latosols, also known as tropical red earth, are soils found under tropical rainforests which have a relatively high content of iron and aluminium oxides. They are typically classified as oxisols (USDA soil taxonomy) or ferralsols (World Reference Base for Soil Resources). Latosols are tropical soils, but not all soils in the tropics are latosolic. Latosols are red or yellowish-red in colour throughout and they do not have distinct horizons like a podsol. The red colour comes from the iron oxides in the soil. They are deep soils, often extending 20–30 m (66–98 ft) deep whereas podsols are 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) deep.
The soil generally contains a thin but very fertile layer of humus dropped from plants and animals in the forest above, followed by an infertile second layer due to rapid leaching caused by high rainfall. The third level, weathered bedrock, is common to almost all soil types.
The latosol is completely reliant on the rainforest to maintain fertility, as all nutrients leach away quickly when the forest is felled and the layer of humus is no longer being replaced.
# Akizuki Teijirō

Akizuki Teijirō (秋月 悌次郎, 1824 – January 5, 1900) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, who served the Matsudaira clan of Aizu. Born in Aizuwakamatsu, Akizuki was recognized early as a skilled scholar, and he studied at the Tokugawa Shogunate's Shoheizaka school in Edo. He served as an advisor to Matsudaira Katamori, and was present for most of the latter's tenure as Kyoto Shugoshoku from 1862 to 1867. Akizuki was a senior commander of Aizu forces during the Boshin War. After the war, he became an educator, and worked in high schools in Kyushu. Later in his life, he was a colleague of Lafcadio Hearn, who referred to him in his writings.
# Newton Township, Carroll County, Iowa

Newton Township is one of eighteen townships in Carroll County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 500.

## Geography

Newton Township covers an area of 35.62 square miles (92.3 km$^2$) and contains one incorporated settlement, Dedham. According to the USGS, it contains three cemeteries: Dedham, McCurdy and Saint Josephs.
# Jean-François Allard

Jean-François Allard (French pronunciation:; 1785–1839), born in Saint Tropez, was a French soldier and adventurer.

## Biography
### France

Allard served in Napoleon's Army, where he was twice injured. He was promoted to the rank of Captain of the French 7th Hussar Regiment.

### Persia

After the Battle of Waterloo Allard drifted, going to Persia where he visited Abbas Mirza to propose his services. He was promised the rank of Colonel, but never actually received the troops corresponding to his function.

### India

In 1820, Allard left for the Punjab, where in 1822 he entered the service of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was commissioned to raise a corps of dragoons and lancers. On completion for this task, Allard was awarded the rank of General, and became the leader of the European officer corps in the Maharaja's service. While serving under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, he fell in love with Princess Bannu Pan Dei from the area that is now Himachal Pradesh. They married and eventually had seven children. In 1835, Allard returned to his hometown Saint-Tropez along with his wife and built "Pan Dei Palais" to commemorate their love. When he returned to India, to serve in Maharaja's army once again he left Pan Dei at Saint-Tropez, fearing that she might commit Sati, if he died in India for any reason.
Another European who took service in the Punjab with Allard in 1822 was the Italian Jean-Baptiste Ventura. They were joined four years later by the Neapolitan Paolo Di Avitabile, and the Frenchman Claude August Court. A Spaniard, by the name of Oms, also served with them for a period.
Allard was a charming and gentle man, very different from some of the other European mercenaries in the Punjab. He made the effort to learn Persian, and is said to have composed poetry in his new language.
He was an amateur numismatist, and contributed greatly to the early study of Ancient Indian coins.
In June 1834, Allard returned to France on leave, going back to the Punjab 18 months later. He continued to serve the Maharaja until his death in 1839.

## Awards

On 27 February 1814, Allard was awarded a Knight in France's Legion of Honour by Napoleon Bonaparte. On 5 November 1832, his rank was promoted to Officer. On 20 October 1835, his rank for this award was promoted to Commander.
Allard was awarded the Kaukab-i-Iqbal-i-Punjab (Persian for Bright Star of Punjab) by Ranjit Singh.
# Aotearoa Music People's Choice Award

The Aotearoa Music People's Choice Award is an Aotearoa Music Award that honours New Zealand music artists, as chosen by public vote. The five finalists are determined by the Music Awards Committee, based on overall performance during the eligibility period. It is the only New Zealand Music Award decided by public vote.
In 2008, the award attracted controversy, after unknown Dunedin pop-rock band The DFender made the nominations shortlist. The band, who did not have any chart material, had extensively lobbied their fans on MySpace and gained the most votes in the initial nominations round. This prompted the call for the nominations to be chosen by Recorded Music NZ, a change that was eventually made.
The People's Choice Award was first awarded in 2004 to Scribe. Fat Freddy's Drop has won the award twice and been nominated two further times, while Stan Walker has won the award twice, with Walker having been nominated every year from 2010 to 2015. Lorde and Brooke Fraser have each won the award and been nominated a further two times.

## Recipients

| Year | Winner | Other finalists |
| 2004 | Scribe | Brooke Fraser Goodshirt Elemeno P Steriogram Zed |
| 2005 | Fat Freddy's Drop | The Feelers P-Money Savage Shihad |
| 2006 | Fat Freddy's Drop | Frontline Elemeno P Goodnight Nurse Pluto Bic Runga |
| 2007 | Opshop | The Black Seeds Evermore Brooke Fraser |
| 2008 | Parachute Band | Antiform The DFenders Horsemen Family Nesian Mystik |
| 2009 | Smashproof | The Black Seeds Fat Freddy's Drop Ladyhawke Midnight Youth |
| 2010 | Stan Walker | Gin Wigmore Dane Rumble Kids of 88 Shapeshifter |
| 2011 | Brooke Fraser | Ladi6 The Naked and Famous Six60 Stan Walker |
| 2012 | Six60 | Gin Wigmore Kimbra Home Brew Stan Walker |
| 2013 | Lorde | Aaradhna Shapeshifter Stan Walker Titanium |
| 2014 | Stan Walker | Lorde Sol3 Mio David Dallas Broods |
| 2015 | Six60 | Broods Lorde Sol3 Mio Stan Walker |
| 2016 | Broods | Fat Freddy's Drop Kings Maala Sol3 Mio |
| 2017 | TBA | Lorde Kings Maala SWIDT Theia |
# Airborne Warning and Control System

Airborne Warning and Control System, or AWACS, may refer to:
* Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C), a general term for the type of aircraft used in this role
* Boeing E-3 Sentry, the aircraft developed under the United States Air Force's "Airborne Warning and Control System" program
# Yeşildere, Zara

Yeşildere is a village in the Zara District of Sivas Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 49 in 2023.