OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Weiss (aviator)

Leutnant Hans Weiss was a German World War I flying ace credited with 16 aerial victories.

## Early life and service

Born on 19 April 1892, Weiss was a native of Hof, a Bavarian town which was situated on the Austrian/German border. He began school in Bayreuth in 1912, studying mechanical engineering. After several attempts to volunteer for service at the beginning of World War I, he was accepted by the pioneers at Ingolstadt. He trained in Darmstadt in 1916; one of his schoolmates from high school, Richard Wenzl, trained with him there and would also become an ace.
Weiss began his aerial service as an observer gunner in artillery cooperation units FA(A) 282, FA(A) 28, and FA(A) 68 during June 1916. At that time, he was a corporal. During a reconnaissance flight, he was wounded in the foot by anti-aircraft fire though flying at nearly 9,000 feet. Upon recovery, he was awarded the Iron Cross Second Class. On a later mission, on 26 May 1917, he bombed an enemy supply train, breaking it in half; he then continued the attack despite ground fire from machine guns and infantry. For this feat, he won the Iron Cross First Class and was promoted to sergeant.

## Service as a fighter pilot

Then, in August 1917, he was sent to Jastashule in Valenciennes. By the following month, he was already flying a fighter for Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 41; he scored his first victory on the 17th. Weiss was then commissioned a leutnant in October 1917. He then went on a streak as a balloon buster, downing four observation balloons in a row. Weiss followed that with four triumphs over enemy aircraft, the last of which, his tenth win, occurred on 13 March 1918. He was transferred to Royal Prussian Jasta 10 which was part of Manfred von Richthofen's "Flying Circus", Jagdgeschwader 1. He scored a single victory there, on 28 March 1918, before being transferred to another Flying Circus unit, Royal Prussian Jasta 11, as a Flight Leader. He scored his first win in his new unit on 2 April 1918. Six days later, he was selected to temporarily command Jasta 11, and did so until his death in action on 2 May 1918.
On that day, Weiss was flying his Fokker Triplane; although Richthofen's Jagdgruppe used scarlet as their identifying color, Weiss's plane was largely or entirely "Weiss" (white). Weiss died of a bullet through the head from the guns of No. 209 Squadron's Lt. Merrill Samuel Taylor's Sopwith Camel while attacking another Camel from Taylor's unit.

## Sources of information

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Aerodrome website page on Weiss
* 1 2 Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918, pp. 227-228
* ↑ Fokker Dr.1 Aces of World War I. p. 46.
* 1 2 3 Der Logbuch website
* ↑ Fokker Dr.1 Aces of World War I. p. 30.
* 1 2 3 Fokker Dr.1 Aces of World War I. pp. 46–48.
* ↑ The Aerodrome website page on Jasta 11
# Forty Studies That Changed Psychology

Forty Studies That Changed Psychology: Explorations Into the History of Psychological Research is an academic textbook written by Roger R. Hock that is currently in its eighth edition. The book provides summaries, critiques, and updates on important research that has impacted the field of psychology. The textbook is used in psychology courses at all levels of education and has been translated into six languages. It is used to properly relate the present knowledge of psychology with the original research that led to it. It is a window into the history of psychology for anyone wishing to expand their understanding of the true roots of psychology.

## Format

The book contains 40 readings and each corresponds to an important psychology-related publication. Readings are further organized into 10 chapters that correspond to major areas of study in psychology. Individual readings all contain similar sections for each of the 40 studies; they include sections on theoretical propositions behind the study, methods used in the study, results of the study, discussion of the results, subsequent research on the same topic, and recent research that cites the original publication.

## Educational and scholarly use

Forty Studies was reviewed by the American Psychological Association after the publication of its second edition in 1995. It has become a well-known textbook in psychology and has received peer-reviewed approval by the Society for the Teaching of Psychology's Project Syllabus for use in both lower-level and upper-level courses. Educators have singled out the book as a source of stories to make the topic of scientific psychology more engaging in the classroom. Although it is a secondary source, Forty Studies is occasionally cited as a primary source. In addition, as of June 6, 2013, Google Scholar estimated that the book had been cited by 113 other sources.

## Content

Individual readings in the book include a wide variety of classic studies in psychology such as the following:
* Reading 1: One Brain Or Two? — Gazzaniga's split-brain research illustrating the separate functions of the brain's hemispheres.
* Reading 2: More Experience = Bigger Brain — Mark Rosenzweig research on rats raised in highly stimulating environments compared to rats raised in plain or dull circumstances and the effects on the brain.
* Reading 4: Watch Out For The Visual Cliff! — Eleanore J. Gibson's research on the development of depth perception using a visual cliff.
* Reading 5: Take A Long Look — Robert L. Fantz's research on form perception in infants using the display of different images.
* Reading 6: To Sleep, No Doubt To Dream — William Dement's research on whether a lack of dreaming would prevent humans from functioning normally.
# Taeyang (disambiguation)

Taeyang (Korean for "sun") is a South Korean singer.
Taeyang may also refer to:
* Taeyang ("sun, Great Yang") in Traditional Korean medicine
* TaeYang, doll 2003
* Taeyangcho gochujang, Sun chilli paste
# Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents

The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) is a body for developing and setting computer software standards for heterogeneous and interacting agents and agent-based systems.
FIPA was founded as a Swiss not-for-profit organization in 1996 with the ambitious goal of defining a full set of standards for both implementing systems within which agents could execute (agent platforms) and specifying how agents themselves should communicate and interoperate in a standard way.
Within its lifetime the organization's membership included several academic institutions and a large number of companies including Hewlett-Packard, IBM, BT (formerly British Telecom), Sun Microsystems, Fujitsu and many more. A number of standards were proposed, however, despite several agent platforms adopting the "FIPA standard" for agent communication it never succeeded in gaining the commercial support which was originally envisaged. The Swiss organization was dissolved in 2005 and an IEEE standards committee was set up in its place.
The most widely adopted of the FIPA standards are the Agent Management and Agent Communication Language (FIPA-ACL) specifications.
The name FIPA is somewhat of a misnomer as the "physical agents" with which the body is concerned exist solely in software (and hence have no physical aspect).

## Systems using FIPA standards

* Gamma Platform. See FIPA interface
* Fetch.AI
* Jade
* Jadex Agents (Java)
* Java Intelligent Agent Componentware (JIAC) (Java)
* The SPADE Multiagent and Organizations Platform (Python)
* JACK Intelligent Agents (Java)
* The April Agent Platform (AAP) and Language (April) (No longer actively developed)
* Zeus Agent Building Toolkit (No longer actively developed)
* The Fipa-OS agent platform (No longer actively developed)
* AgentService (C#) (last update: 2009)
# Four Mountains

Four Mountains or Four Peaks (traditional Chinese: 四嶽; simplified Chinese: 四岳; pinyin: Sìyuè) variously interpreted from Chinese mythology or the most ancient level of Chinese history as being a person or four persons or four gods, depending upon the specific source. The ambiguous Four Mountains feature prominently in the myth of the Great Flood, and the related myths of Emperor Yao (in whose reign the Great Flood began), Gun, Shun (Yao's successor as emperor), and Yu the Great (who finally controlled the flood waters during the reign of Shun, and later succeeded him as emperor).
Mythologist Yang Lihui sees Four Mountains as four gods of a set of four mountains, with Four Mountains referring to the actual mountains themselves. K. C. Wu sees Four Mountains as being a ministerial position established by Yao to "oversee the mundane affairs of the empire", but points out that a real description of the functions of this position is lacking, nor is it certain whether there were one or four persons holding this ministerial position; however, he goes on to say that the evidence suggests the existence of four of them, and that they were charged with keeping themselves knowledgeable about what was going on throughout Yao's domain and advising him upon request. The importance of Four Mountains can be seen in the key role of selecting Gun to be the first to be put in charge of controlling the flood, then, later, in nominating Shun to be Yao's co-emperor, and later successor. Anne Birrell says that Four Peaks (alternate term for Four Mountains) is a "synonym for [the] ruling nobility of the four quarters of the world in the archaic era; also four mountains" (Birrell 1993, 300).

## Name

The name "Four Mountains" in Chinese uses 四 (sì), the standard character/word for the number four, plus 嶽 (yuè), which refers to a great mountain, or the highest peak of a mountain — in contrast to the usual word for mountain, 山 (shān), which may also be used to refer to a mere foothill or other geological prominence.

## Cosmology

Anthony Christie relates the figure of Four Mountains to the Chinese cosmological idea of a square earth, with each of the peaks representing one of the four cardinal directions which the ruler would tour, and at which he would perform various imperial rituals, upon taking possession of his realm. The person or person(s) of Four Mountains being afterwards present in court then symbolized the completion of the ruler's having taken possession of his entire realm.
# Tabernaemontana panamensis

Tabernaemontana panamensis is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.
# Tabernaemontana palustris

Tabernaemontana palustris is a tropical flowering plant species in the family Apocynaceae. It grows in the Amazon Basin of northern South America. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat.
In parts of the Peruvian Amazon, it is used medicinally to treat rheumatism, fever, and wounds; it may also be used as a purgative.
# Fortica

Fortica may refer to:
* Fortica, Omiš, a medieval fortress near Omiš in Split-Dalmatia county, Croatia
* Fortica, Otočac, a ruined early modern fortified structure in Otočac, Lika-Senj County, Croatia
* Fortica, Novigrad, a castle above Novigrad in Zadar County, Croatia
* Fortica, Hvar, a fortress above Hvar, Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia
# Hanshin Stakes

The Hanshin Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in July at Churchill Downs. The event open to horses three years of age and older, it is contested on dirt over a distance of 8 furlongs and currently offers a purse of $100,000.

## History

The race was inaugurated in 1941 at Arlington Park as the Equipoise Mile in honor of the great colt Equipoise. It was raced under that name from 1941 through 1963 and in 1966 and 1967. In 1964 and 1965 it was raced as the Equipoise Handicap then from 1968 through 1997.
The race was hosted by the Washington Park Race Track from 1943 through 1945. It was run in two divisions in 1945.
The race was not run from 1970 through 1978 and in 1988. It was on hiatus again in 1998 and 1999 but returned as the Hanshin Cup Handicap in 2000.
U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Swoon's Son won back-to-back runnings of this race in 1957–58. In 1967, the race saw the last racecourse appearance of the 1965 United States Horse of the Year Moccasin.
Due to the unpredictability of the race, it has been said many times on Hanshin Cup Day, “Anything can happen in the Hanshin”.

## Past winners

* 2022 - Cody's Wish
* 2021 - Guest Suite (Emmanuel Esquivel)
* 2020 - Not Held
* 2019 - Lanier (Declan Cannon)
* 2018 - Matrooh (Santo Sanjur)
* 2017 - Crewman (Carlos Marquez, Jr.)
* 2016 - Trace Creek (Julio E. Felix)
* 2015 - Midnight Cello (Florent Geroux)
* 2014 - Nikki's Sandcastle (Leandro R. Goncalves)
* 2013 - Hogy (Christopher A. Emigh)
* 2012 - Havelock (Florent Geroux)
* 2011 - Workin for Hops (James Graham)
* 2010 - Country Flavor (Inez Karlsson)
* 2009 - Vacation (John Velazquez)
* 2008 - Coragil Cat (Diego Sanchez)
* 2007 - Spotsgone (Earlie Fires)
* 2006 - Gouldings Green (Corey Lanerie)
* 2005 - Lord of the Game (Eusebio Razo, Jr.)
* 2004 - Crafty Shaw (Craig Perret)
* 2003 - Apt to Be (Eusebio Razo, Jr.)
* 2002 - Bonapaw (Gerard Melancon)
* 2001 - Bright Valour (Robby Albarado)
* 2000 - Bright Valour (Jesse Campbell)
* 1999 - No Race
* 1998 - No race
* 1997 - Announce
* 1996 - Golden Gear
* 1995 - Tarzan's Blase
* 1994 - Slerp
* 1993 - Split Run
* 1992 - Katahaula County
* 1967 - Renewed Vigor (Martinez Heath)
# Hansho Dam

Hansho Dam is an earthfill dam located in Saga Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for agriculture. The catchment area of the dam is 1.6 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 8 ha of land when full and can store 645 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1973 and completed in 1978.
# Hanford (constituency)

Hanford (Chinese: 恆福) is one of the 31 constituencies in the Tuen Mun District.
Created for the 2003 District Council elections, the constituency returns one district councillor to the Tuen Mun District Council, with an election every four years.
Hanford loosely covers areas surrounding Hanford Garden, Seaview Garden and Aegean Coast in Tuen Mun with an estimated population of 14,473.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 2003 | Li Kwai-fong | Democratic |
| 2004 | Li Kwai-fong | Independent |
| 2011 | Beatrice Chu Shun-nga→Vacant | Democratic |
| 2019 | Beatrice Chu Shun-nga→Vacant | Independent |

## Election results
### 2010s

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2019: Hanford :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Beatrice Chu Shun-nga | 3,857 | 66.07 | +7.19 |
| | Nonpartisan | Fong Shun-yan | 1,981 | 33.93 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,876 | 32.14 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,860 | 73.05 | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2015: Hanford :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Beatrice Chu Shun-nga | 2,597 | 58.88 | +18.12 |
| | Independent | Ngai Ka-ho | 1,021 | 23.15 | |
| | Independent | Li Kwai-fong | 697 | 15.80 | −16.31 |
| | Independent | Wong Chak-wah | 96 | 2.18 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,576 | 35.73 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,411 | 49.11 | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2011: Hanford :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Beatrice Chu Shun-nga | 1,447 | 40.76 | −7.61 |
| | Independent | Li Kwai-fong | 1,140 | 32.11 | −19.52 |
| | Independent | Keung Kai-pong | 963 | 27.13 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 307 | 8.65 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,550 | 44.60 | |
| | Democratic gain from Independent | Democratic gain from Independent | Swing | | |

### 2000s

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2007: Hanford :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Li Kwai-fong | 1,695 | 51.63 | −21.51 |
| | Democratic | Beatrice Chu Shun-nga | 1,588 | 48.37 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 107 | 3.26 | |
| | Independent hold | Independent hold | Swing | | |
Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2003: Hanford :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Li Kwai-fong | 2,023 | 73.14 | |
| | Independent | Choi Lung-wai | 743 | 26.86 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,280 | 46.28 | |
| | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) | Democratic win (new seat) |
# Hanford (surname)

Hanford is a surname with Welsh origins. Notable people with this surname include:
* Thomas Hanford (1621–1693), founder of Norwalk, Connecticut
* Benjamin Hanford (1861–1910), American politician
* Burke Hanford (1872–1928), United States Navy sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
* Charles B. Hanford (1859–1926), American stage actor
* Charlie Hanford (1882–1963), American baseball player
* Cornelius H. Hanford (1849–1926), American judge
* Dan Hanford (born 1991), Welsh footballer
* Deirdre Hanford, American business executive at Synopsys, Inc
* Frank Hanford (1853–1921), American politician and businessman
* Harry Hanford (1907–1996), Welsh footballer
* Henry Hanford (1784–1866), American pioneer
* Ira Hanford (1918–2009), American jockey
* James Madison Hanford (1827–1911), American railroad executive
* Jamie Hanford (born 1975), American lacrosse player
* John Hanford (born c. 1958), American ambassador
* Martin Hanford (born 1974), British fantasy artist
* Thaddeus Hanford (1847–1892), American editor
# Hanur Assembly constituency

Hanur Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India.
It is part of Chamarajanagar district.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly
### Mysore State

| Year | Member | Party |
| Until 1967: Seat does not exist. See Palya ||||
| 1967 | H. Nagappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | R. Rache Gowda | Indian National Congress |

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1978 | G. Raju Gowda | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| 1983 | K. P. Shantamurthy | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | G. Raju Gowda | Independent politician |
| 1989 | G. Raju Gowda | Indian National Congress |
| 1994 | H. Nagappa | Janata Dal |
| 1999 | G. Raju Gowda | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | Parimala Nagappa | Janata Dal (Secular) |
| 2008 | R. Narendra | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | R. Narendra | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | R. Narendra | Indian National Congress |
| 2023 | M. R. Manjunath | Janata Dal (Secular) |

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Hanur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | JD(S) | M. R. Manjunath | 75,632 | 41.93 | +15.54 |
| | INC | R. Narendra | 57,978 | 32.14 | −3.35 |
| | BJP | K. N. Preethan | 35,870 | 19.89 | −13.53 |
| | AAP | K. Harish | 2,515 | 1.39 | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 602 | 0.33 | −0.48 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,654 | 9.79 | +7.72 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 180,366 | 81.38 | −0.64 |
| | JD(S) gain from INC | JD(S) gain from INC | Swing | | |

### 2018

Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Hanur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | R. Narendra | 60,444 | 35.49 |
| | BJP | Preethan Nagappa | 56,931 | 33.42 |
| | JD(S) | M. R. Manjunath | 44,957 | 26.39 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,373 | 0.81 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,513 | 2.07 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,70,333 | 82.02 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | |
# Happiness (Maki Ohguro album)

Happiness is the eleventh studio album by Japanese J-pop singer and songwriter Maki Ohguro. It was released on 22 June 2005 under EMI Japan.
This album consist of two previously released singles, such as Asahi~Shine&Groove~ and Over Top.
The album reached No. 28 in its first week on the Oricon chart. The album sold 21,000 copies.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Maki Ohguro; all music is composed by Maki Ohguro

## In media

* Asahi~Shine&Groove~: official support song for Japan Hockey Association Official Japanese National Team: Women's Hockey Team
* Over Top: official theme song for Bridgestone's INDY JAPAN 300mile
# Tactusa parasumatrensis

Tactusa parasumatrensis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2010. It is known from northern Sumatra in Indonesia.
The wingspan is about 12 mm.
# Taj Ultimate

Taj Ultimate is an annual Ultimate tournament that occurs in the Tajima region of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The tournament was started by a group of JET English teachers to foster a better relationship between the JETs and the local Japanese.

## Taj Ultimate (Year Wise)

* The first Taj Ultimate tournament took place on June 5–6, 2004 at the Taj Dome. The winners were Tokyo Frisbee team The Small Axe.
* Taj 2005 took place from July 9–10, and was won by the Kinki Trolls.
* The next tournament took place from July 1–2, 2006, where the new all-Japanese team Osaka Natto took first place.
* The 4th annual tournament was played during a typhoon on July 14–15, 2007, where the Japanese team Kuroshio came first.
* The 5th annual tournament was held July 12–13, 2008. Japanese team Nanman Dive won the championship game.
* The 6th annual tournament will be held July 11–12, 2009.
# Taj Wali

Taj Wali (born 21 March 1991) is a Pakistani cricketer. In round four of the 2015–16 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, he became the first bowler in more than 20 years to take four wickets in four balls in first-class domestic cricket in Pakistan.
In round four of the 2017–18 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, playing for Peshawar, he dismissed Mohammad Irfan by Mankad. He was the leading wicket-taker for Peshawar in the 2017–18 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, with 34 dismissals in six matches. He was also the leading wicket-taker for Peshawar in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, with 36 dismissals in seven matches.
In April 2018, he was named in Sindh's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. In March 2019, he was named in Balochistan's squad for the 2019 Pakistan Cup. In September 2019, he was named in Balochistan's squad for the 2019–20 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy tournament. In January 2021, he was named in Balochistan's squad for the 2020–21 Pakistan Cup.
# Taj Stansberry

Taj Stansberry (born in Oakland, California, United States) is an American director and photographer, known for his music videos with artists such as Rihanna, J Lo, Usher, Ne-Yo, John Legend, Young Jeezy, Ludacris, Keyshia Cole, Swizz Beatz, Eve, Wale and Big Sean. His video for J Lo's "On the Floor" is the most watched female video of all time on YouTube with over 800,000,000 views. He is currently developing a few feature projects as well.
His unique style and ability to capture an artists' personality has made him one of the most sought after directors in the business.
Taj is a self-taught photographer turned director. He started out photographing local rappers and models in Oakland, where he grew up. He then went on to work as a production assistant for renowned music video director, Anthony Mandler, who motivated Taj to start directing himself. Soon after he signed to his first production company, Boxfresh Pictures. Today he is represented by Triple Seven Productions for Commercials & Music Videos, and Verve Talent & Literary Agency for feature films.