OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Video BIOS

Video BIOS is the BIOS of a graphics card in a (usually IBM PC-derived) computer. It initializes the graphics card at the computer's boot time. It also implements INT 10h interrupt and VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE) for basic text and videomode output before a specific video driver is loaded. In UEFI 2.x systems, the INT 10h and the VBE are replaced by the UEFI GOP.
Much the way the system BIOS provides a set of functions that are used by software programs to access the system hardware, the video BIOS provides a set of video-related functions that are used by programs to access the video hardware as well as storing vendor-specific settings such as card name, clock frequencies, VRAM types & voltages. The video BIOS interfaces software to the video chipset in the same way that the system BIOS does for the system chipset. The ROM also contained a basic font set to upload to the video adapter font RAM, if the video card did not contain a font ROM with this font set instead.
Unlike some other hardware components, the video card usually needs to be active very early during the boot process so that the user can see what is going on. This requires the card to be activated before any operating system begins loading; thus it needs to be activated by the BIOS, the only software that is present at this early stage. The system BIOS loads the video BIOS from the card's ROM into system RAM and transfers control to it early in the boot sequence.
Early PCs contained functions for driving MDA and CGA cards in the system BIOS, and those cards did not have any Video BIOS built in. When the EGA card was first sold in 1984, the Video BIOS was introduced to make these cards compatible with existing PCs whose BIOS did not know how to drive an EGA card. Ever since, EGA/VGA and all enhanced VGA compatible cards have included a Video BIOS.
When the computer is started, some graphics cards (usually certain Nvidia cards) display their vendor, model, Video BIOS version and amount of video memory.

## Modding

Up until the mid 2010s, video ROMs were user-editable/modifiable, which allowed users to configure GPU features like core clocks, VRAM clocks or fan speed curves. In certain cases, a different GPU class could have been unlocked (the most famous example being the AMD Radeon HD6950 and HD6970 series who shared the same GPU, with some shading units disabled through the BIOS on the former. These units could be unlocked by replacing the original HD6950 BIOS with an HD6970 BIOS. The card would then behave as an actual HD6970). However, nowadays both NVIDIA and AMD digitally sign video firmware, which has made it impossible to make any changes to it. Still, in many cases, users can flash a firmware image from another OEM, thus unlocking higher performance modes or changing its mode of operation.
Older NVIDIA GPU ROMs up until the GeForce 900 series could be edited using NiBiTor (NVIDIA BIOS Editor).
# Josef Nehl

Josef "Jupp" Nehl (born 13 June 1961) is a German former professional footballer who played as a striker or midfielder.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | DFB-Pokal | DFB-Pokal | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| SC Jülich | 1981–82 | Oberliga Nordrhein | | | 0 | 0 | — | — | | |
| SC Jülich | 1982–83 | Oberliga Nordrhein | | | — | — | — | — | | |
| SC Jülich | 1983–84 | Oberliga Nordrhein | | | — | — | — | — | | |
| Viktoria Köln | 1984–85 | Oberliga Nordrhein | | | — | — | — | — | | |
| Viktoria Köln | 1985–86 | Oberliga Nordrhein | | | — | — | — | — | | |
| VfL Bochum | 1986–87 | Bundesliga | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 33 | 3 |
| VfL Bochum | 1987–88 | Bundesliga | 27 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | 32 | 7 |
| VfL Bochum | 1988–89 | Bundesliga | 27 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 29 | 4 |
| VfL Bochum | 1989–90 | Bundesliga | 26 | 6 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 27 | 6 |
| VfL Bochum | 1990–91 | Bundesliga | 28 | 5 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 29 | 5 |
| VfL Bochum | 1991–92 | Bundesliga | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Bayer Leverkusen | 1991–92 | Bundesliga | 22 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 24 | 3 |
| Bayer Leverkusen | 1992–93 | Bundesliga | 17 | 2 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 21 | 2 |
| Bayer Leverkusen | 1993–94 | Bundesliga | 12 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
| Bayer Leverkusen | 1994–95 | Bundesliga | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Bayer Leverkusen | 1995–96 | Bundesliga | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | | | 19 | 3 | 1 | 0 | | |
# Sovi Basin

The Sovi Basin is located in Naitasiri Province, on the island of Viti Levu, the largest island in Fiji. Covering approximately 19,600 hectares, the basin is blanketed by a well-preserved tropical lowland forest, which is Fiji's largest and most biologically diverse. Sovi basin resides within the Polynesia/Micronesia biodiversity hotspot, one of 34 hot spots throughout the globe. The site is to be protected in a partnership between Fiji Water and Conservation International. The rainforest, wilderness area and high scenic valley contribute to its national significance as outlined in Fiji's Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan.
A 40,700 hectares (101,000 acres) area covering the basin is the Sovi Basin Important Bird Area. This area supports the largest protected populations of many of Fiji's restricted-range species, including the endangered Long-legged thicketbird, the vulnerable Pink-billed parrotfinch and Shy Ground-dove, and the near threatened Masked shining parrot.

## World Heritage Status

This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on October 26, 1999 in the Cultural category.
# Jocelyn (1952 film)

Jocelyn is a 1952 French historical drama film directed by Jacques de Casembroot and starring Jean Desailly, Simone Valère and Jean Vilar. It is set during the French Revolution. It is based on the 1836 novel of the same title by Alphonse de Lamartine, which had previously been made into a 1933 film.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Raymond Nègre.

## Cast

* Jean Desailly as Jocelyn
* Simone Valère as Laurence
* Jean Vilar as Le supérieur du nouveau séminaire
* Nicole Berger as Julie, la soeur de Jocelyn
* Jean Debucourt as Le parrain de Julie
* Yvette Etiévant as Soeur Louise
* Alexandre Rignault as Le berger
* André Carnège as Le supérieur de l'ancien séminaire
* Germaine de France
* Étienne Aubray
* Gérard Buhr
* Marguerite Cavadasky
* Guy Favières
* Christian Melsen
* Albert Michel
* Roger Rafal
* Guy Rapp
* Jean-Michel Rouzière
* Georges Sellier
# Walter Gregor

Walter Gregor (1825–1897) was a Scottish folklorist, linguist and minister of religion. His anthropological research work won him an international reputation.

## Life

The son of James Gregor, a tenant farmer of Forgieside, near Keith, Banffshire, Walter Gregor was born on 23 October 1825. He obtained an MA at King's College, Aberdeen, then took the position of Master at Macduff Parish School, in a small village on Moray Firth.
Gregor completed his degree in divinity at the age of 32, and a series of earlier appointments led to his placement in 1863 at the Parish of Pitsligo by Queen Victoria. He spoke French and Hebrew and gained an international reputation for his broad studies and discoveries. Gregor's field collections and writing were often focused on archaeology and folklore, but his interest and publications extended to a wide range of subjects.
Gregor was a published member of the Folklore Society, New Spalding Club, and Scottish Text Society. His works extended to a series of books and over 65 papers, which appeared in French, English, and Spanish. His books included Glossary of Words not in Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary (1866), Echo of Olden Times from the North of Scotland (1881), and Notes on the Folk-Lore of the North-East of Scotland for the Folk-Lore Society (1881).
He died on 4 February 1897 at Bonnyrigg, two years after his retirement there. He is buried in the small north cemetery at Lasswade on the north side of the entrance path, with his wife, Margaret Aven Gardiner (1837–1906). They were survived by a son and a daughter.

## Recognition

An excerpt of the original obituary in the Journal of the Folklore Society was reprinted in their centennial review of his contribution, "His name appears on the first list of members of the Folk-Lore Society; and among the early publications of the Society were his Notes on the Folk-Lore of the North-East of Scotland. To know this book is to recognise its value as a transcript of the superstitions and traditions of a district rich in remains of the past up to that time unrecorded. Its author, however, was by no means content to rest on the reputation its publication immediately won, for he was an indefatigable collector. Frequent communications to the Folk-Lore Society and to the Société des Traditions Populaires, of which he was also a member, attest his continued industry."
# Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration

The Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) was an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture that facilitates the marketing of livestock, poultry, meat, cereals, oilseeds, and related agricultural products, and promotes fair and competitive trading practices for the overall benefit of consumers and American agriculture. GIPSA was formed in 1994 through the joining of the Federal Grain Inspection Service and the Packers and Stockyards Administration.
GIPSA was re-organized in 2017-18 to be part of USDA's Marketing and Regulatory Programs, which are working to ensure a productive and competitive global marketplace for U.S. agricultural products.
GIPSA's Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) established the Official Standards for Grain, which are used each day by sellers and buyers to communicate the type and quality of grain bought and sold. FGIS also establishes standard testing methodologies to accurately and consistently measure grain quality. Finally, the program provides for the impartial application of these grades and standards through a network of federal, state, and private inspection agencies known as the official system. The Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) was established by Congress in 1976 to manage the national grain inspection system, which was established in 1916, and to institute a national grain weighing program. The goal of creating a single federal grain inspection entity was to ensure development and maintenance of uniform U.S. standards, to develop inspection and weighing procedures for grain in domestic and export trade, and to facilitate grain marketing.
The Agency's Packers and Stockyards Programs (P&S) ensures open and competitive markets for livestock, meat, and poultry. P&S is a regulatory program whose roots are in providing financial protection, and ensuring fair and competitive markets. Today's Packers and Stockyards Program (P&S) is the progeny of the Packers and Stockyards Administration, which was established in 1921 under the Packers and Stockyards Act. The organization was instituted to regulate livestock marketing activities at public stockyards and the operations of meat packers and live poultry dealers.
In 2008, Congress passed legislation providing protection from retaliation under the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) but each year language has been inserted into the Agriculture Appropriations bill blocking enforcement of those protections. Congresswoman Marcy Kaptur of Ohio and comedian John Oliver helped to remove the language blocking the enforcement of GIPSA in 2015.
In 2017, GIPSA was merged into the Agricultural Marketing Service.
# Mordovsky

Mordovsky (masculine), Mordovskaya (feminine), or Mordovskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* something related to the Mordvins, an ethnic group living mainly in Russia
* Mordovsky District, a district of Tambov Oblast, Russia
* Mordovsky (inhabited locality) (Mordovskaya, Mordovskoye), several rural localities in Russia
# Sørskot

Sørskot is a village in Steigen Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the village of Nordskot and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of the administrative centre, Leinesfjorden. Sørskot Chapel was built here in 1953.
# Sidi Djillali District

Sidi Djillali District is a district of Tlemcen Province in north-western Algeria.
The district is further divided into 3 municipalities:
* Sidi Djillali
* El Bouihi
* This article about a location in Tlemcen Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Il Selvaggio

Il Selvaggio (Italian: the Savage or the Wild One) was a political and arts magazine that existed between 1924 and 1943. It was a media outlet of an intellectual group called Strapaese (Italian: Supervillage).

## History and profile

Il Selvaggio was founded by Angelo Bencini and Mino Maccari, an Italian fascist artist and journalist, in Colle di Val d'Elsa in 1924 as a political magazine. The first issue of the bimonthly magazine was published on 13 July 1924. The founding director was Angiolo Bencini who held the post until 1926 when Mino Maccari succeeded him. The latter also edited the magazine. It featured articles on art, politics and humor.
The format of the magazine was 50x35 cm, but was changed to 44x32 cm. It had a variable number of pages ranging from four to twelve pages. From 1926 Il Selvaggio was headquartered in Florence. The same year the Fascist government forced the magazine to include cultural and satirical materials, thus making clear its goal to promote a version of an anti-intellectual version of arts. Then the magazine focused on the core of the Italian spirit observed "in the cradle of Italian civilization, namely the hills and countryside of Tuscany". In this period it came out weekly and acted as a representative of Tuscan rural extremism.
The editorial offices of Il Selvaggio moved to Siena in 1929 and then to Turin in 1930. In 1932 its headquarters moved to Rome. The frequency of the magazine was also frequently changed but was mostly published irregularly. Leo Longanesi, Ardengo Soffici, Carlo Carrà, Mario Tinti, Manlio Malabotta, Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra, Giuseppe Pensabene and Ottone Rosai were among the leading contributors of the magazine. In 1932 Soffici published articles on his experience in Paris in the early years of the 20th century in the magazine. Over time Il Selvaggio focused on artistic subjects, including architectural topics, instead of political topics. The last issue of the magazine appeared in June 1943.
# Lectionary 232

Lectionary 232, designated by siglum ℓ 232 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. Scrivener labelled it by 226$^{evl}$. Some leaves of the codex were lost.

## Description

The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke lectionary (Evangelistarium), on 295 parchment leaves (size 33.2 cm by 25 cm), with some lacunae at the end. The leaves 1-14 were supplied by a later hand (according to Gregory in the 14th century).
The text is written in Greek minuscule letters, in two columns per page, 25 lines per page. The initial letters in red, it contains musical notes (in red).
There are weekday Gospel lessons.

## History

Bloomfield dated the manuscript to the 9th century, Todd to the 13th century, Gregory to the 12th century. Scrivener even did not try to assign the manuscript to any century, he only quoted opinions of Bloomfield and Todd. It has been assigned by the INTF to the 14th century.
The manuscript once belonged to Joseph Dacre Carlyle, Orientalist, who brought the manuscript from Syria. After his death it was presented to the Lambeth Palace Library (shelf number 1193), by his wife, along with major part of his manuscript collection, in 1806. The codex now is housed at the British Library (Add MS 29713) in London.
The manuscript was examined and described by S. T. Bloomfield, H. J. Todd, Scrivener, and Gregory. It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (number 226) and Gregory (number 232). Gregory saw it in 1883.
The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).
# Jonah Sarwieh

Jonah Sarwieh (born 24 September 1975) is a Liberian footballer. He played in six matches for the Liberia national football team from 1994 to 2004. He was also named in Liberia's squad for the 1996 African Cup of Nations tournament.
# Souroubea

Souroubea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Marcgraviaceae, native to southern Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, and northern South America. Some species are psychophilous (pollinated by butterflies in the day), and some are sphingophilous (pollinated by moths at night).

## Species

Currently accepted species include:
* Souroubea bicolor (Benth.) de Roon
* Souroubea corallina (Mart.) de Roon
* Souroubea crassipes (Triana & Planch.) Wittm.
* Souroubea crassipetala de Roon
* Souroubea dasystachya Gilg & Werderm.
* Souroubea didyma Gilg
* Souroubea exauriculata Delpino
* Souroubea fragilis de Roon
* Souroubea gilgii V.A.Richt.
* Souroubea guianensis Aubl.
* Souroubea intermedia de Roon
* Souroubea loczyi (V.A.Richt.) de Roon
* Souroubea pachyphylla Gilg
* Souroubea peruviana Gilg
* Souroubea platyadenia (Gilg) de Roon
* Souroubea stichadenia de Roon
* Souroubea sympetala Gilg
* Souroubea vallicola Woodson ex de Roon
* Souroubea venosa Schery
# Jocelyn (Sicilian chancellor)

Jocelyn (original Latin: Canzolinus, Italianised as Gozzelino) was an Italo-Norman officer serving Roger II of Sicily.
In 1134, he was appointed lieutenant to Guarin in the Terra di Lavoro with the title of Chamberlain (camerarius). In 1135 he was made the procurator of the Principality of Capua for the young Prince Alfonso while Guarin was made Alfonso's regent. He took part in the sieges of Montecassino and Salerno in January 1137. After Guarin's death on 21 January, Jocelyn succeeded him as interim chancellor (magister cancellarius) and took over the Italo-Norman forces trying to occupy Montecassino and defend Salerno from the army of the Emperor Lothair II. After securing the election of an Anacletan abbot at Montecassino, Jocelyn was replaced by Robert of Selby as chancellor.

## Sources

* Curtis, Edmund. Roger of Sicily and the Normans in Lower Italy 1016–1154. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1912.
* Matthew, Donald. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
* Houben, Hubert. Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler between East and West. Trans. G. A. Loud and Diane Milbourne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
# Walter Greiling

Walter Greiling (5 September 1900 – 1986, Neu-Isenburg) was a German chemist and futurologist. He sometimes used the pseudonym Walt Grey.

## Life

Greiling studied social and natural sciences in Frankfurt and Marburg (Dr. phil. 1921). He partially earned his living as a worker in coal and sulfide mining.
Greiling did research in the field of agricultural microbiology. He worked at the Technische Hochschule in Hannover, as an assistant, as well as for the Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschafts-Archiv (Hamburg archive of world economy). He participated in designing the Brussels Atomium for Expo 58, was an editor of the social and economic magazine Wirtschaftsdienst, editor-in-chief of Chemische Industrie (chemical industry), and a collaborator of the London and Cambridge Economic Service. He led the information service of the main association of the chemical industry of Germany and wrote several books on developments in sciences and technique.

## Greiling's predictions till 2100

Greiling, in his work Wie werden wir leben? Ein Buch von den Aufgaben unserer Zeit (How are we going to live? A book of the tasks of our time; 1954), foresaw the rest of the 20th century as a time in which there would, for the present, further be overexploited natural resources. He predicted that from 1990 to 1995, there would begin systematic international efforts to mitigate climate change and that, shortly after the turn of the millennium, there would for the first time come about a sudden and crisis-laden shortage of the international supply of petroleum. World population would balance out at about nine billion, rather earlier than later in the 21st century. During the 21st century, mankind would succeed to cooperate internationally in shifting to biological raw materials. This and big undertakings to humidify the Sahara, Turkestan and further regions of the Earth would make it possible to feed ten billion people with comparative ease. Greiling warns of attempts to use nuclear energy.

## Works

* Chemie erobert die Welt (Chemistry conquers the world). Econ-Verlag, Munich 1951
* Vernichtungs-Strahlen (Rays of destruction). Hoch-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1952
* Paul Ehrlich. Econ-Verlag, Munich 1954
* Wie werden wir leben? Ein Buch von den Aufgaben unserer Zeit (How are we going to live? A book of the tasks of our time). Econ-Verlag, Munich 1954
* Chemie, Motor der Zukunft (Chemistry — engine of future). Bertelsmann Lesering, Gütersloh 1961
* Mehr Brot für mehr Menschen (More bread for people). Franckh-Verlag, Stuttgart 1963
* Chemie und Elektronik verändern die Welt. Leben mit dem Fortschritt (Chemistry and electronics change the world. Living with progress). Econ-Verlag, Munich 1971
# Gozdów

Gozdów may refer to the following places:
* Gozdów, Koło County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Gozdów, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Gozdów, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Gozdów, Turek County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
# Cytisus multiflorus

Cytisus multiflorus is a species of legume known by the common names white broom, white spanishbroom and Portuguese broom.

## Distribution

It is native to the Iberian Peninsula, especially frequent in the western half in central and northern interior Portugal and central and northern western Spain. It is better known as an introduced species on other continents, including Australia and North America, where it has become a weed in agricultural land and an invasive species in natural habitats.

## Description

Cytisus multiflorus is a shrub growing up to 0.8 metres (2 ft 7 in) or 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) in sprawling height, with a broomlike array of many five-angled flexible branches. Leaves appear mainly on lower branches, each made up of three leaflets. Some leaves grow on the upper branches; these are generally made up of a single leaflet. Each leaflet is under a centimeter long and may be linear to oblong in shape and coated in soft silvery hairs.
The white, pea-like flower is up to a centimeter long and is often marked with a dark pinkish streak near the base. The fruit is a hairy legume pod up to 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long. The pods turn black with age and dehisce explosively to release their four to six seeds away from the parent plant.

## Invasive species

This plant is a serious noxious weed of agricultural fields and a colonizing invasive plant in wild lands in parts of Australia and California, where it was first introduced as an ornamental shrub for its prolific white flowers. It is still sometimes grown and sold for landscaping purposes despite its status as a pest plant, with new industry and public education programs resulting.
# T. aprica

T. aprica may refer to:
* Tarache aprica, a moth species
* Townsendia aprica, a flowering plant species
* Trypeta aprica, a fruit fly species
# Siberian long-tailed rosefinch

The Siberian long-tailed rosefinch (Carpodacus sibiricus) is a species of finch of the family Fringillidae.
It is found in Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, and Russia. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and temperate grassland.
It is a very rare vagrant to Europe, but like several related Asiatic rosefinches, is reasonably frequent in the cage bird trade, so many records have been considered to relate to escapes.

## Taxonomy

The Siberian long-tailed rosefinch was formerly placed in the genus Uragus, but was moved to Carpodacus based on the results of phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences.