OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peregrine Horden

Peregrine Horden is professor in medieval history at Royal Holloway, University of London. Horden's research is in the area of Mediterranean cities and medicine in the Middle Ages. He is a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.
The publication of his book The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History (co-written with Nicholas Purcell) was hailed as a 'notable intellectual event'. The book's main thesis is that the Mediterranean is a region made up of micro-regions. The book argues that the Mediterranean ought to be seen in terms of the ecological lines of force linking countless small regions and micro-economies together rather than in terms of a few famous metropoleis. Horden and Purcell stress the longues durées and insist that the different themes of history, i.e. politics, culture, economy, ideas and institutions must be studied in close association.

## Selected publications

* Companion to Mediterranean History Horden, P. (ed.) & Kinoshita, S. (ed.) 2014, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
* The Body in Balance: Humoral Medicines in Practice Horden, P. (ed.) & Hsu, E. (ed.) 2013, Berghahn.
* Hospitals and Healing from Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages Horden, P. 2008 Aldershot: Ashgate.
* All Souls under the Ancien Régime: Politics, Learning and the Arts, c.1600–1850 Horden, P. (ed.) & Green, S. J. D. (ed.) 2007 Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Freedom of Movement in the Middle Ages, Proceedings of the Twentieth Harlaxton Symposium Horden, P. (ed.) 2007 Donington: Shaun Tyas.
* The Impact of Hospitals 300-2000 Horden, P. (ed.), Henderson, J. (ed.) & Pastore, A. (ed.) 2007, Oxford: Peter Lang.
* The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History Horden, P. & Purcell, N. 2000 Oxford: Blackwell.
# Viscount Furness

Viscount Furness, of Grantley in the West Riding of the County of York, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1918 for the shipping magnate Marmaduke Furness, 2nd Baron Furness. The title Baron Furness, of Grantley in the West Riding of the County of York, had been bestowed on his father, Christopher Furness, a businessman and Liberal politician. The titles became extinct in 1995 on the death of the first Viscount's only surviving son, William, the second Viscount.
Thelma Furness, Viscountess Furness, second wife of the first Viscount, was an American-born socialite. The Honourable Christopher Furness, only son of the first Viscount by his first wife, was a recipient of the Victoria Cross. Sir Stephen Furness, 1st Baronet, was the nephew of the first Baron.

## Barons Furness (1910)

* Christopher Furness, 1st Baron Furness (1852–1912)
* Marmaduke Furness, 2nd Baron Furness (1883–1940) (created Viscount Furness in 1918)

## Viscounts Furness (1918)

* Marmaduke Furness, 1st Viscount Furness (1883–1940)
** Hon. Christopher Furness (1912–1940)
* William Anthony Furness, 2nd Viscount Furness (1929–1995)
# Virgin Islands at the 2023 World Athletics Championships

The Virgin Islands competed at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, from 19 to 27 August 2023.

## Results

Virgin Islands entered 1 athlete.

### Key

* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* PB = Personal best
* SB = Season best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Malique Smith | 400 metres hurdles | 50.86 | 9 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Perischoechinoidea

Perischoechinoidea is a subclass of primitive sea urchins that were abundant in the Palaeozoic seas. However, the great majority of species died out during the Mesozoic, as the more advanced euechinoid sea urchins became common. Today, only a single order, the Cidaroida, survives.
Most fossil forms had multiple columns of ambulacral plates, rather than the two rows found in all living species of sea urchin. They also lacked a perignathic girdle around the mouth.

## Taxonomy

The group is probably a paraphyletic assemblage of stem forms, united only by their lack of more advanced features, rather than a true taxonomic clade.
Subclass Perischoechinoidea
* Order Cidaroida
* Order Bothriocidaroida †
* Order Echinocystitoida †
* Order Megalopoda †
* Order Palaechinoida †
# The Brownie and the Princess

The Brownie and the Princess: And Other Stories (ISBN 978-0060000837) is a book of ten children's stories by the American author, Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888). The stories were published in various children's magazines during her lifetime. They were also previously published with two other stories in the collection A Round Dozen by Viking Press in 1963. HarperCollins published an edition in 2004.

## Synopsis

The Brownie and the Princess, the first of the stories, is about a young farmer girl, named Betty, who lives with her father. Since her mother has died, and, since she has no friends, she learns to talk to the birds and use all of her resources to survive. She milks her cow and roams in the fields all day long, talking to the squirrels, birds, bunnies and every living creature around her. One day, she overhears the birds talking about how the Princess is planning to visit her and make friends with Betty, whom they call the Brownie, because she is always dressed in a brown gown and hat. She is an animal lover, and the short story is all about how she teaches the Princess not to be spoiled, but to love the world around her and to help the animals. Once she has befriended the Princess, she teaches the Princess her real values and tells her that she must love the earth and care for it.

## Stories

* The Brownie and the Princess
* Tabby's Tablecloth
* A Hole in the Wall
* Lunch
* Baa! Baa!
* The Silver Party
* How They Camped Out
* The Hare and the Tortoise
* Jerseys, or the Girl's Ghost
* The Cooking Class
# Karen Lehrman Bloch

Karen Lehrman Bloch is an American writer and cultural critic.

## Career

Lehrman Bloch's criticism of women's studies programs in a September/October 1993 cover story for Mother Jones "ignited heated exchanges in the women's studies community, the press, and on radio talk shows around the country." In the subsequent November/December issue, Mother Jones published 14 responses to Lehrman Bloch's piece, most prominently feminist writer Susan Faludi. In 1994, Lehrman Bloch told The Boston Globe, "Feminism has become orthodoxy. There's a great stigma about speaking out, like you're breaking the sisterhood. So no one does." Writing for The New York Times in 1995, Wendy Kaminer called Lehrman Bloch "perhaps the sharpest of the young individualist critics" of third-wave feminism. In her 1997 book The Lipstick Proviso: Women, Sex & Power in the Real World, Lehrman Bloch protested "group-think" feminism.
In 2021, Lehrman Bloch launched White Rose Magazine, where she serves as editor-in-chief. The magazine, named after the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany, is dedicated to classical liberalism and opposing extremism. In an interview for the Jewish Journal in 2022, Lehrman Bloch explained why she believes classical liberalism is being subverted and how White Rose provides a path back to classical liberal principles, like heterodoxy and ethics.
# Lees baronets of South Lytchett Manor (1897)

The Lees Baronetcy, of South Lytchett Manor in the parish of Lytchett Minster in the County of Dorset, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 13 February 1897 for Elliott Lees. He represented Oldham and Birkenhead in the House of Commons as a Conservative. The third Baronet was a Colonel in the Army. The fourth Baronet served as High Sheriff of Dorset in 1960.

## Lees baronets, of South Lytchett Manor (1897)

* Sir Elliott Lees, 1st Baronet, DSO (1860–1908)
* Sir Thomas Evans Keith Lees, 2nd Baronet (1886–1915)
* Sir John Victor Elliott Lees, 3rd Baronet DSO, MC (1887–1955)
* Sir Thomas Edward Lees, 4th Baronet (1925–2016)
* Sir Christopher James Lees, 5th Baronet (born 1952)
The heir apparent to the baronetcy is the current holder's eldest son John Austen Lees (born 1992).
# Montivipera

Montivipera is a genus of vipers found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Greece, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. Like all other vipers, they are venomous.
The Montivipera genus was previously described as a subgenus of Vipera, but it was elevated to full genus status in 2001 by Lenk, Kalayabina, Wink & Joger.

## Description

generally the maximum length of Montivipera sp. is 78cm, though they are generally smaller.

## Species

| Species | Taxon author(s) | Subsp.* | Common name(s) | Geographic range(s) |
| Montivipera albizona | Nilson, Andrén, and Flärdh, 1990 | 0 | Central Turkish mountain viper | Central Turkey |
| Montivipera bornmuelleri | Werner, 1898 | 0 | Lebanon viper, Bornmueller's viper | Western Asia |
| Montivipera bulgardaghica | Nilson & Andrén, 1985 | 0 | Mountain Bulgar viper, Bulgardagh viper | Southern Turkey |
| Montivipera kuhrangica | Rajabizadeh, Nilson, & Kami, 2011 | 0 | Kuhrag mountain viper | Iran |
| Montivipera latifii | Mertens, Darevsky, & Klemmer, 1967 | 0 | Latifi's viper, Iranian valley viper, Lar Valley viper | Iran |
| Montivipera raddei | Boettger, 1890 | 1 | Rock viper, Radde's mountain viper, Kurdistan viper (Vipera raddei kurdistanica), Armenian mountain viper, Armenian viper, Radde's viper, Armenian mountain adder and Zanjhani viper. | Eastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and likely Iraqi Kurdistan. |
| Montivipera wagneri | Nilson & Andrén, 1984 | 0 | Ocellate mountain viper, ocellated mountain viper, and Wagner's viper | Eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran. |
| Montivipera xanthina | Gray, 1849 | 0 | Rock viper, coastal viper and Ottoman viper | Northeastern Greece and Turkey |
* Not including the nominate subspecies.
# Timeline of Basra

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Basra, Iraq.

## Prior to 16th century

* 638 CE - Military camp established by Utbah ibn Ghazwan per order of Omar ibn al-Khattab.
* 646 - Abdallah ibn Amer becomes governor.
* 658 - Battle of the Camel.
* 664 - Ziyad ibn Abihi becomes governor.
* 673 - Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad becomes governor.
* 683 - Uprising against Umayyads.
* 684 - The governor Mas'ud ibn Amr is killed by the asāwira under Māh-Afrīdūn
* 691 - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in power.
* 701 - Uprising against the Umayyads.
* 772 - Ramparts built.
* 820 - Zott conflict.
* 868 - Zanj Rebellion.
* 871 - City sacked during Zanj Rebellion.
* 923 - Qaramitah conflict.
* 10th century - Public library active.
* 1052 - Traveller Nasir Khusraw visits city.
* 1122 - Imad ad-Din Zengi in power.
* 1123 - City wall rebuilt.
* 1258 - City sacked by Mongols.
* 1327 - Traveller Ibn Battuta visits city.
* 1411 - Kara Koyunlu in power.

## 16th-19th centuries

* 1546 - Ottomans in power.
* 1547 - Basra Eyalet (administrative region) formed.
* 1556 - Portuguese attempt to take city.
* 1596 - Afrasiyab becomes governor.
* 1604 - Population: 50,000 (approximate); number of houses: 10,000 (approximate).
* 1645 - English factory in business.
* 1668 - City was conquered by the Turks.
* 1694 - Muntafiq tribes in power.
* 1733 - City becomes part of Baghdad Eyalet (administrative region).
* 1763 - British East India Company in business.
* 1773 - Epidemic.
* 1777 - City besieged by Persian forces led by Sadiq Khan Zand.
* 1779 - Turks in power.
* 1823 - Population: 55,000 (approximate).
* 1840 - Turks in power.
* 1865 - Baghdad-Basra telegraph begins operating.
* 1884 - Basra Vilayet (administrative region) formed.

## 20th century

* 1901 - Consulate of Russia established.
* 1910 - Cholera and bubonic plague outbreak.
* 1911
** Consulate of Germany established.
** Cholera epidemic.
* 1913 - Reform Society of Basra founded.
* 1914 - Battle of Basra (1914); British in power.
* 1915 - April: Turkish forces attempt to take city.
* 1919 - Baghdad-Basra Railway in operation.
* 1920
** Uprising against British occupation.
** Population: 40,000 (approximate).
* 1947 - Population: 101,535.
* 1964 - University of Basrah established.
* 1965 - Population: 310,950.
* 1967 - Basrah Medical College established.
* 1982 - July: Iranian forces attempt to take city.
* 1984 - Iranian forces attempt to take city.
* 1987
** January–February: Iranian forces attempt to take city.
** Population: 406,296.
* 1991
** 1 March: Uprising against Saddam Hussein.
** Marsh Arab population in city expands.
* 1999
** 25 January: Bombing by United States forces.
** Uprising.

## 21st century

* 2003
** March–April: Battle of Basra (2003); British forces in power.
** August: Oil strike.
* 2004 - 21 April 2004 Basra bombings.
* 2005 - July: Oil strike.
* 2007
** June: Al-Ashrah Al-Mubashra mosque bombed.
** December: British military occupation ends.
** Population: 1,912,533 (estimate).
* 2008 - Battle of Basra (2008).
* 2011 - 2011 Basra bombings.
* 2012 - 14 January 2012 Basra bombing.
# Sir John Rous, 5th Baronet

Sir John Rous, 5th Baronet (c.1728 – 31 October 1771) was a British Whig politician.
Rous was the only surviving son of Sir Robert Rous, 4th Baronet and Lydia Smith. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. On 8 June 1735 he succeeded to his father's baronetcy and on 5 June 1749 he married Judith Bedingfield.
Rous was elected unopposed as a Member of Parliament for Suffolk in the 1768 British general election after Rowland Holt had failed to secure sufficient support at the county meeting on 6 November 1767. He voted four times in the House of Commons, every time on the side of the opposition Rockingham Whigs. He died on 31 October 1771.
# Wasp Islands

The Wasp Islands are a group of small islands in the San Juan Islands of the U.S. state of Washington.
The name was given by Charles Wilkes during the Wilkes Expedition of 1838–1842, in honor of the sloop Wasp, a sloop of war commanded by Johnathan Blakeley during the War of 1812.
# Montivipera raddei albicornuta

    Common names: Iranian mountain viper, zigzag mountain viper.
Montivipera raddei albicornuta is a venomous viper subspecies endemic to Iran. It is a subspecies of Montivipera raddei.

## Description

Grows to a maximum total length of 66 cm (26 in).
The head is relatively small and elongated, although fairly distinct from the neck. The supraoculars are raised and separated from the eyes by a row of small scales. The nostril is centered in a large nasal scale that is partially fused with the prenasals. A loreal scale is present between the upper preocular and nasal. The supraoculars are separated by at least 7 scales, and by a total of 24-28 scales. The supraocular are separated from the supranasals by 2 canthal scales. 2 apical scales border the rostral. The rostral is wider than it is high. There are 12-16 intercanthals. The total number of scales on the top of the head is 39-40. There are 13-15 circumorbital scales with an incomplete outer ring of 13-17 scales. There are supralabials 9, separated from the eye by 1-2 scale rows. There are 11-12 sublabials, 2 large anterior chin shields, 4 posterior chin shields and 2-3 preventrals.
Midbody there are 23 dorsal scale rows. The ventrals number 165-171. There are 35-38 subcaudals (in males). The anal scale is single.
The color pattern consists of a grayish brown ground color with a darker brown zigzig pattern, made up of about 44-52 windings and edged with black. The belly is dark and mottled with a lighter shade. On the head, deep black bands run from the back of the eye to the angle of the mouth. Supraoculars noticeably pale. There is a row of dark blotches along each side of the dorsum. The back of the head has distinct, teardrop-shaped deep black spots. The throat is whitish with dark mottling.

## Geographic range

It is found in the Zanjan Valley and surrounding mountains in northwestern Iran. The type locality given is "Abhar in the Zanjan valley, between Tabriz and Teheran". Mallow et al. (1993) describe the range as "parts of the Elburz, Talysh and Zanjan mountains".
# Cyrus Patschke

Cyrus Richard Patschke (July 6, 1889 – May 6, 1951) was an American racing driver. He is best known for driving relief for Ray Harroun, during the latter's victory in the inaugural Indianapolis 500.

## Biography

Patschke was born July 6, 1889, in Lebanon, Pennsylvania.

## Early career

Patschke first came to prominence as a racer driving in 24-hour endurance contests. He participated on teams that set mileage records in 1909 and 1910.

## 1911 Indianapolis 500

In preparing his entry for the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911, Howard Marmon, the owner of the Marmon Motor Car Company, wanted his regular driver, Ray Harroun, to pilot the vehicle. However, Harroun had retired from driving the previous year and had no desire to return to the sport. After numerous conversations, Harroun agreed to drive, provided Marmon could hire the best possible relief driver (after the race Harroun would be quoted as saying "500 miles is too long a race for one man to think of driving"). When Marmon told Harroun that Patschke had offered to accept the job, Harroun reportedly replied "You can get Cy Patschke?"
During the race, Patschke relieved Harroun on lap 70 with the car in fifth place. Due to scoring confusion following an accident, and with numerous cars entering the pits, the exact details of Harroun reentering the car are unknown, but believed to have been between laps 102 and 105. Patschke had the car in either first or second position.
Later in the race, Patshke would also drive relief for Marmon's other entry, driven by Joe Dawson. Harroun would be recorded as the winner of the race, with Dawson's entry scored fifth. Patschke's name does not appear in the official scorecard, and his contributions would largely be forgotten.

## Later career and retirement

Patschke achieved a second place and a third-place finish in other events driving for Marmon. He retired from racing in 1915, operating an automobile dealership in his hometown of Lebanon. He and his wife, Millie, had one son Frederick Cyrus and a daughter, Joan.
Patschke died on May 6, 1951. In February 1952 his granddaughter was born and still lives in Orange County, Ca.
# Mortuary Temple of Seti I

The Mortuary Temple of Seti I is the memorial temple (or mortuary temple) of the New Kingdom Pharaoh Seti I. It is located in the Theban Necropolis in Upper Egypt, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor (Thebes). The edifice is situated near the town of Qurna.

## Construction

The temple seems to have been constructed toward the end of the reign of Seti, and may have been completed by his son Ramesses the Great after his death. One of the chambers contains a shrine dedicated to Seti's father Ramesses I, who reigned a little under two years, and did not construct a mortuary temple for himself.

## Current condition

The entire court and any pylons associated with the site are now in ruins, and much of the eastern part of the complex is buried under the modern town of Qurna.
# Mornas (Eugénio Tavares collection)

Mornas - cantigas crioulas de Eugénio Tavares (Mornas - Creole Songs by Eugénio Tavares) is a Capeverdean collection of morna poems published by Eugénio Tavares. His poems were the greatest in the nation during most of the 20th century.
The collection covers the morna poems that he done from 1890 to 1930.
A publication was printed in Luanda, Angola in 1969, then a Portuguese colony. It was one of the first written books in Cape Verdean Creole. It was published by the Liga dos Amigos de Cabo Verde.

## Selected morna poems

The book features many of the mornas that Eugénio Tavares had made:
* Bidjica
* Çancao ao Mar (Song of the Sea)
* Força di cretcheu
* Hino de Brava (Song/Hymn of Brava)
* Mal de amor
* Morna aguada
* Morna de desperdida
* Nha Santana

### "Morna aguada"

One of the examples is "morna aguada":
    Se é pam vivê na es mal
    De ca tem
    Quem que q'rem,
    Ma'n q're morré sem luz
    Na nha cuz,
    Na es dor
    De dâ nha bida
    Na martirio de amor

## Depictions

One of his morna poem named "morna aguada" was featured on the back of the Cape Verdean $2000 escudo note that also featured Eugénio Tavares. A flower native to Brava was shown on the bottom, it was issued between 1999 and 2014.

## Quote

One quote from one of the mornas was "Si ka badu, ka ta biradu".
The quote would be displayed on top of a stone statue named the "Monument to Emigrants" of Eugénio Tavares. It is erected in Praia's Achada Grande Tras on a circle intersecting Avenida Aristides Pereira, Praia Circular Road and the road to the airport west of Nelson Mandela International Airport.
# Cynodon plectostachyus

Cynodon plectostachyus, the giant star grass, is a species of grass (family Poaceae). It is native to Chad, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, and has been introduced as a livestock forage to California and Florida in the United States, Mexico, Honduras, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Paraguay, Argentina, Nepal, and Bangladesh. An aggressive competitor, it is now the most widespread grass in the New World Tropics. It is typically paired in a silvopastoral system with Leucaena leucocephala.
# Mosdeng

Mosdeng is a Tripuri food made of chilies. The chilies are usually burnt slightly over an open flame to give a smoky flavor. Mosdeng is a side dish prepared by grinding fresh roasted chilies, salt, and a roasted small, dry, and oil-pasted fish called berma (fermented). Sometimes vegetables are added.
# Célestin Tunda Yakasende

Célestin Tunda Yakasende is a Congolese politician. He was the former Minister of Justice, Keeper of the Seals of Democratic Republic of the Congo, under Ilunga government that ran from September 2019 to April 2021, as well as a member of parliament. He is the member of Union for Democracy and Social Progress.
# Morson

Morson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Clifford Morson (1881–1975), British surgeon
* Gary Saul Morson (born 1948), American literary critic
* Georgiana Morson, British social reformer
* Walter Morson (1851–1921), Canadian lawyer and politician
# The Bex Eagle

The Bex Eagle is a bronze sculpture located in Pershing Park, Washington, D.C.
It was dedicated on May 3, 1982.
# Karel Kaufman

Karel Joseph Kaufman (20 April 1898 – 10 December 1977) was a Dutch football player and manager who managed Feyenoord in 1940, and the Netherlands national team in three separate spells, in 1946, 1949, and from 1954 to 1955.
As a player, Kaufman played for Achilles 1894 from 1916 to 1934.
# Simiuttap Ikerasaa

Simiuttap Ikerasaa (old spelling: Simiútap Ikerasâ) is a strait in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland.

## Geography

The strait is located in central Tasiusaq Bay. With a small Simiutaq skerry in the middle, the strait separates Tasiusaq Island in the west, from the mountainous Qaqaarissorsuaq Island in the east.
# Kalb el louz

Kalb el louz or Qalb ellouz (Arabic: قلب اللوز) is a traditional semolina based Algerian dessert.
Kelb el louz, which means “heart of almonds” is also known as chamia or h’rissa depending on the region, it is a traditional Algerian dessert. It is made with semolina, almonds, orange blossom and honey.