OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stream power law

The term stream power law describes a semi-empirical family of equations used to predict the rate of erosion of a river into its bed. These combine equations describing conservation of water mass and momentum in streams with relations for channel hydraulic geometry (width-discharge scaling) and basin hydrology (discharge-area scaling) and an assumed dependency of erosion rate on either unit stream power or shear stress on the bed to produce a simplified description of erosion rate as a function of power laws of upstream drainage area, A, and channel slope, S:
    $E=KA^{m}S^{n}$
where E is erosion rate and K, m and n are positive. The value of these parameters depends on the assumptions made, but all forms of the law can be expressed in this basic form.
The parameters K, m and n are not necessarily constant, but rather may vary as functions of the assumed scaling laws, erosion process, bedrock erodibility, climate, sediment flux, and/or erosion threshold. However, observations of the hydraulic scaling of real rivers believed to be in erosional steady state indicate that the ratio m/n should be around 0.5, which provides a basic test of the applicability of each formulation.
Although consisting of the product of two power laws, the term stream power law refers to the derivation of the early forms of the equation from assumptions of erosion dependency on stream power, rather than to the presence of power laws in the equation. This relation is not a true scientific law, but rather a heuristic description of erosion processes based on previously observed scaling relations which may or may not be applicable in any given natural setting.
The stream power law is an example of a one dimensional advection equation, more specifically a hyperbolic partial differential equation. Typically, the equation is used to simulate propagating incision pulses creating discontinuities or knickpoints in the river profile. Commonly used first order finite difference methods to solve the stream power law may result in significant numerical diffusion which can be prevented by the use of analytical solutions
or higher order numerical schemes .
# Solar Wind Composition Experiment

The Solar Wind Composition Experiment (SWC) was an experiment deployed on the Moon during the Apollo program (Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16). The aim was to measure and sample the solar wind outside the Earth's magnetosphere. It was the first definitive isotopic measurements of solar material.
The SWC was proposed and designed by a Swiss team headed by Johannes Geiss and Peter Eberhardt of the University of Bern and Peter Signer of the Swiss Institute of Technology. It was manufactured by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Bern. The experiment was partially funded by the Swiss Government.
The SWC experiment consisted of a 1 ft × 4.6 ft (0.30 m × 1.40 m) sheet of ultra-pure aluminum foils (also with platinum metal segments on the last Apollo 16 experiment) erected on the Moon's surface with a telescopic pole. The sheet was to be exposed to the Sun as to measure the ion types and energies of the solar wind on the lunar surface. The time exposure was 77 minutes on Apollo 11, 18 hours and 42 minutes on Apollo 12, 21 hours on Apollo 14, 41 hours and 8 minutes on Apollo 15, and 45 hours and 5 minutes on Apollo 16. At the end of the exposure the foil was detached from the telescopic pole, placed in a Teflon bag, and brought back to Earth for analysis. The experiment was successful and provided accurate He, Ne and Ar isotopic compositions of the solar wind.
# Some Kind of Creativity

Some Kind of Creativity is the first studio album by the Israeli psychedelic trance couple LOUD, this album is the direct result of the team's year long musical expedition, bringing in magical new sounds, defining a new approach to Trance oriented music. Containing tracks like 'Subinya', '1 Missed Call' and 'Sun Dance', This is certainly one of those one of a kind releases, which will influence the whole scene. Some Kind Of Creativity, just screams out Loud: 'Creativity' and 'Total Musical Expression', and is highly intelligent and unique, bearing new experimental flavors, fussed by a vast selection of musical styles. This outstanding phenomenon includes 10 previously unreleased tracks, perfectly aligned, each track complements the other, yet totally different, each bearing its own distinct personality, drive and story, all elevating and fully entertaining...Loud have certainly put in a lot of energy in the production of this one of a kind product, which stands out with reach colors.
# Some Heavy Ocean

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AbsolutePunk | 8.8/10 |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.4 |
Some Heavy Ocean is the first official studio album by American singer-songwriter Emma Ruth Rundle, released on May 20, 2014 by Sargent House. Writing for the album took place between summer 2012 and 2013. The record was co-produced by Rundle and labelmate Chris Common, with recording completed at Sargent House's in-home studio. Rundle has named "Living With the Black Dog" as her favorite track on the record. The track "Oh Sarah" was said to be the first track written for the record.

## Personnel

Some Heavy Ocean album personnel adapted from AllMusic.
* Emma Ruth Rundle – vocals, bass guitar, flute, guitar, keyboards, production, composition
* Andrea Calderon – strings, vocals, string arranging
* Chris Common – bass guitar, drums, keyboards, percussion, vocals, engineering, mixing, production
* Greg Burns – pedal steel guitar, photography
* Henry Kohen – additional guitar on "Shadows of My Name"
* Marty Rifkin – mastering, mixing
* Sonny Kay – layout
# Garry Flood

Garry Flood (born 1952) is a former motocross and motorcycle speedway rider from Australia, who was eight times motocross champion of Australia and was capped by Australasia in speedway.

## Motocross career

Flood won eight Australian Motocross Championships. (125cc; 1969, 1970, 1973, 250cc; 1969, 1974 500cc; 1969, 1971, 1974)

## Speedway career

Flood rode in Britain for just one season in 1972, initially for Leicester Lions, joint top scoring in a match against Peterborough Panthers, but riding most of the season with Crewe Kings, for whom he averaged over eight points from 41 matches, including ten paid maximum scores. He also had rides in the top division with Swindon Robins, King's Lynn Stars, and Wolverhampton Wolves, and represented Australasia in a series against England in 1972. 1972 proved to be his only season in British speedway, Flood returning to Australia after a couple of challenge matches for Crewe in April 1973. In 1973 he rode in Australia for Victoria.
# Soddy (crater)

Soddy is an eroded lunar impact crater lying on the far side of the Moon, invisible from the Earth, to the south-southeast of the prominent crater King. Material from the ray system surrounding King covers the sides and interior of Soddy. Less than one crater diameter to the west of Soddy is the smaller Heron.
The crater is named after the British physicist Frederick Soddy who was also a Nobel laureate.
This crater has been heavily worn and eroded, so that only a remnant of a crater depression survives. There are small craterlets along the rim edge to the southwest and southeast. The interior is uneven and almost indistinguishable from the surrounding terrain.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Soddy.
| Soddy | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| E | 0.8° N | 123.4° E | 16 km |
| G | 0.5° N | 123.5° E | 13 km |
| P | 0.4° S | 120.9° E | 8 km |
| Q | 0.5° S | 120.2° E | 24 km |
# Soddì

Soddì is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 137 and an area of 5.4 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi).
Soddì borders the following municipalities: Aidomaggiore, Boroneddu, Ghilarza.
# Strickland rainbowfish

The Strickland rainbowfish (Melanotaenia iris) is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea where it is only known to occur in the Logatyu River, a tributary of the Strickland River, in the Fly River system. It is currently known from only five specimens collected in 1984 by D. Gwyther and it was described by Gerald R. Allen in 1987.
# Subscapular

Subscapular means the area of the human back under the scapula. It may refer to:
* Subscapular artery
* Upper subscapular nerve
* Lower subscapular nerve
* Subscapularis muscle
# Subodh Mukherjee

Subodh Mukerji (14 April 1921 – 21 May 2005) was an Indian filmmaker (producer and director) of Hindi-language films. He was the brother of the leading producer-director Sashadhar Mukherjee.

## Profile

Mukerji was a devotee of the school of movie-making that believed that films were all about great storytelling. In the first two decades of his career, he had a high success percentage. He continued making movies till the late 1960s before retiring.
He has three children, Subhash,Geetanjali and Sanjoy.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Producer | Director |
| 1955 | Munimji | Sashadhar Mukherjee | Yes |
| 1957 | Paying Guest | Sashadhar Mukherjee | Yes |
| 1959 | Love Marriage | Yes | Yes |
| 1961 | Junglee | Yes | Yes |
| 1964 | April Fool | Yes | Yes |
| 1966 | Saaz Aur Awaaz | Yes | Yes |
| 1967 | Shagird | Yes | Samir Ganguly |
| 1970 | Abhinetri | Yes | Yes |
| 1971 | Sharmeelee | Yes | Samir Ganguly |
| 1982 | Teesri Aankh | Subir Mukherjee | Yes |
| 1985 | Ulta Seedha | Yes | Yes |
# Garðarsson

Garðarsson is an Icelandic patronymic surname, literally meaning "son of Garðar". Notable people with the name include:
* Finnur Garðarsson (born 1952), Icelandic swimmer
* Gísli Örn Garðarsson (born 1973), Icelandic actor and director
* Sverrir Garðarsson (born 1984), Icelandic footballer
# Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter

Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A6 gene.
The SMVT is a transporter for pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and biotin (vitamin B7) at the blood–brain barrier. It is also a transporter for lipoic acid and iodide. Transport of these nutrients is competitive and a surplus of a given nutrient may saturate the transporter and prevent the uptake of other nutrients.
# Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1

Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A19 gene.

## Function

SLC6A19 is a system B(0) transporter that mediates epithelial resorption of neutral amino acids across the apical membrane in the kidney and intestine.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the SLC6A19 gene cause Hartnup disease.
# Stroboscopic

Stroboscopic may refer to:
* Stroboscopic effect, visual temporal aliasing
* Stroboscopic effect (lighting), a temporal light artefact visible if a moving object is lit with modulated light with specific modulation frequencies and amplitudes
* Stroboscope, any of various stroboscopic devices
* Strobe light, high-intensity and short-duration stroboscopic device
# Gasman (1998 film)

Gasman is a 1998 Scottish short film written and directed by Lynne Ramsay. Set in the 1970s, it stars Ramsay's niece and namesake Lynne Ramsay Jr. as Lynne, a young girl who discovers her father's not-so-secret infidelity at a Christmas party. The film is filmed and set in Glasgow. Gasman received critical attention and premiered at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival where it received the Short Film Palme d'Or. It also received the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film nomination.
It is available on the Cinema 16: British Short Films and Cinema 16: European Short Films (US Special Edition) DVDs, and as a bonus feature on the Ratcatcher DVD in the UK and the US.

## Plot

Set in the 1970s, it stars Ramsay's niece and namesake Lynne Ramsay Jr. as Lynne, a young girl who discovers her father's not-so-secret infidelity at a Christmas party. The film is filmed and set in Glasgow.

## Cast

* Lynne Ramsay Jr. as Lynne
* Martin Anderson as Steven
* James Ramsay as Da
* Denise Flannagan as Ma
* Jackie Quinn as Woman
* Lisa Taylor as Girl
* Robert McEwan as Boy

## Release

* The film is available on the Cinema 16: British Short Films and Cinema 16: European Short Films (US Special Edition) DVDs
* This short film is featured on the Criterion Collection DVD for Ratcatcher (1999).

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| 1998 | Cannes Film Festival | Short Film Palme d'Or | Lynne Ramsay | Won |
| 1998 | British Academy Film Awards | Best Short Film | Lynne Ramsay & Gavin Emerson | Nominated |
| 1998 | Chicago International Film Festival | Best Narrative Short Film | Lynne Ramsay | Won |
| 1998 | Locarno International Film Festival | Best Film | Lynne Ramsay | Won |
| 1998 | Atlantic Film Festival | Best International Short Film | Lynne Ramsay | Won |
# Solid! Said the Earl

Solid! Said the Earl is a 1948 comedy novel by the British writer John Paddy Carstairs, best known as a screenwriter and film director. An American serviceman unexpectedly inherits an English title and country estate.

## Film adaptation

In 1955 it was made into the film A Yank in Ermine directed by Gordon Parry and starring Noelle Middleton and Diana Decker, with Carstairs adapting his own novel.
# Gavalda

Gavalda, Gavaldá is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alberto Gavaldá (born 1992), Spanish sprinter
* Anna Gavalda (born 1970), French award-winning novelist
* Lluís Gavaldà (born 1963), Catalan-language singer
# Soldier Township

Soldier Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Soldier Township, Crawford County, Iowa
* Soldier Township, Jackson County, Kansas
* Soldier Township, Shawnee County, Kansas
# Structure function

The structure function, like the fragmentation function, is a probability density function in physics. It is somewhat analogous to the structure factor in solid-state physics, and the form factor (quantum field theory).
The nucleon (proton and neutron) electromagnetic form factors describe the spatial distributions of electric charge and current inside the nucleon and thus are intimately related to its internal structure; these form factors are among the most basic observables of the nucleon. (Nucleons are the building blocks of almost all ordinary matter in the universe. The challenge of understanding the nucleon's structure and dynamics has occupied a central place in nuclear physics.)
The structure functions are important in the study of deep inelastic scattering.
The fundamental understanding of structure functions in terms of QCD is one of the outstanding problems in hadron physics. Why do quarks form colourless hadrons with only two stable configurations, proton and neutron? One important step towards answering this question is to characterize the internal structure of the nucleon. High energy electron scattering provides one of the most powerful tools to investigate this structure.
# Structure implies multiplicity

In diatonic set theory structure implies multiplicity is a quality of a collection or scale. For collections or scales which have this property, the interval series formed by the shortest distance around a diatonic circle of fifths between members of a series indicates the number of unique interval patterns (adjacently, rather than around the circle of fifths) formed by diatonic transpositions of that series. Structure refers to the intervals in relation to the circle of fifths; multiplicity refers to the number of times each different (adjacent) interval pattern occurs. The property was first described by John Clough and Gerald Myerson in "Variety and Multiplicity in Diatonic Systems" (1985). (Johnson 2003, pp. 68, 151)
Structure implies multiplicity is true of the diatonic collection and the pentatonic scale, and any subset.
For example, cardinality equals variety dictates that a three member diatonic subset of the C major scale, C-D-E transposed to all scale degrees gives three interval patterns: M2-M2, M2-m2, m2-M2.
On the circle of fifths:
E and C are three notes apart, C and D are two notes apart, D and E two notes apart. Just as the distance around the circle of fifths between forms the interval pattern 3-2-2, M2-M2 occurs three times, M2-m2 occurs twice, and m2-M2 occurs twice.
Cardinality equals variety and structure implies multiplicity are true of all collections with Myhill's property.
# Gathera

Gathera is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province about 87 kilometers from the Kenyan capital of Nairobi.

## Statistics

There is an infant mortality of 44 per 1000 births. Malnutrition is apparent as 1.54% of children below five years old are underweight. Most of the land coverage is open broadleaved deciduous forest. The Cultivation Intensity is about 20% cultivated, and 80% natural vegetation.

## Schools

Gathera Secondary School is located at 2- 10205 Chinga-Kairu Road.
# Sonnet 70

Sonnet 70 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man.

## Synopsis

Q1 The Speaker assures a young man that accusations against him do not actually harm him, because beauty is always a target ("mark") for slander. Q2 In fact, slander only verifies the worth of the good, as it seeks to be attached to the very best, as (the Speaker claims) the young man is. Q3 The young man has made it this far, either avoiding or triumphing over vice, yet this praise is insufficient to "tie up envy", which always increases. C "[I]f a hint or suspicion of badness did not disguise your true appearance, entire nations would be in thrall to you."

## Structure

Sonnet 70 is an English or Shakespearean sonnet. The English sonnet has three quatrains, followed by a final rhyming couplet. It follows the typical rhyme scheme of the form, ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, and is composed in iambic pentameter, a type of poetic metre based on five pairs of metrically weak/strong syllabic positions. The fourth line exemplifies a regular iambic pentameter:
    / = ictus, a metrically strong syllabic position. × = nonictus.
The meter demands a few variant pronunciations: The first and third lines' rhyming words, "defect" and "suspect" are both stressed on the second syllable. Though it is uncertain how contracted words like this might have been in Elizabethan pronunciation, line ten's "either" functions as one syllable, and might have been pronounced as one.
# Sonny Mallhi

Sonny Mallhi (born May 5, 1972, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American film producer, writer, and director. His directorial debut film Anguish was released in 2015. His next two films, Family Blood and Hurt (both produced by Blumhouse Productions) was released in 2018.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer | Notes |
| 2006 | The Lake House | No | No | co-producer |
| 2007 | Dead Daughters | No | No | No | Special thanks |
| 2008 | Shutter | No | No | executive |
| 2008 | The Strangers | No | No | executive |
| 2009 | Possession | No | No | executive |
| 2011 | The Roommate | No | Yes | executive |
| 2011 | The Resident | No | No | No | Personal thanks |
| 2012 | House at the End of the Street | No | No | executive |
| 2013 | Crush | No | Yes | executive |
| 2013 | Oldboy | No | No | co-producer |
| 2014 | At the Devil's Door | No | No | Yes |
| 2015 | Anguish | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2016 | The Monster | No | No | executive |
| 2017 | In the Radiant City | No | No | Yes |
| 2018 | Family Blood | Yes | Yes | No | Co-wrote with Nick Savvides |
| 2019 | Trespassers | No | No | executive |
| 2019 | Killerman | No | No | No | Very special thanks |
| 2020 | The Dark and the Wicked | No | No | Yes |
| 2021 | Hurt | Yes | Yes | Yes | Co-wrote with Solomon Gray |
# Somebody's Image

Somebody's Image were an Australian pop and R&B band formed in 1966, which included Russell Morris on lead vocals. Their highest charting single is a cover version of Joe South's "Hush", which peaked at number 14 on the Go-Set National Top 40. Morris left in 1968 to start his solo career and the group disbanded in the following year.

## History

Somebody's Image formed in Melbourne in 1966 as a pop and R&B band by Les Allan a.k.a. Les Gough on bass guitar, Eric Cairns on drums, Russell Morris on lead vocals, Phillip Raphael on lead guitar and Kevin Thomas on rhythm guitar. The fledgling band were hanging around gigs by the Groop, who were a favourite of Melbourne pop fans during that year. They played their first live gig supporting the Groop with keyboardist Brian Cadd and lead singer Ronnie Charles. Somebody's Image developed a following at Melbourne's venues and were noticed by Go-Set staff writer Ian "Molly" Meldrum, who had championed the Groop relentlessly in his columns. Meldrum took over as their talent manager. Charles would occasionally provide vocals for the new group.
Somebody's Image began their recording career with the single "Heat Wave" (September 1967) a cover version of Martha and the Vandellas' song, but it failed to chart. Their second single was their rendition of Joe South's "Hush" which peaked at No. 14 on Go-Set National Top 40. Both these singles were produced by Meldrum for W&G Records' label In Records. With Meldrum's support they secured a recording deal with EMI Records. The band issued their third single, "Hide and Seek" in April 1968, which peaked at number No. 32. Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane declared "despite its moderate chart placing, it was the band's best release." In September 1968 Morris left the band to pursue a solo career with Meldrum as his manager. The rest of the group recruited new singer, guitarist Brian Holloway (ex-the Dream), but Somebody's Image disbanded in 1969.

## Members

* Les Allan a.k.a. Les Gough – bass guitar
* Eric Cairns – drums
* Russell Morris – lead vocals
* Phillip Raphael – guitar
* Kevin Thomas – guitar
* Ronnie Charles – occasional vocals
* Brian Holloway – lead vocals, guitar

## Discography
### Singles

* "Heat Wave" (1967)
* "Hush" (1967) AUS Go-Set: No. 14
* "Hide and Seek" (1968) Australia No. 32

## Awards and nominations
### Go-Set Pop Poll

The Go-Set Pop Poll was coordinated by teen-oriented pop music newspaper, Go-Set and was established in February 1966 and conducted an annual poll during 1966 to 1972 of its readers to determine the most popular personalities.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 1968 | themselves | Best Australian Group | 4th |
# Somebody's Knockin' on My Door

"Somebody's Knockin' on My Door", or sometimes just "Somebody's Knockin'", not to be confused with Somebody's Knockin' by Terri Gibbs, is a song written by the American recording artist J. J. Cale he never released.
In 2014, when English musician Eric Clapton did the album called The Breeze, a tribute to J. J. Cale who had died the previous year, he met up with his wife, Christine, and asked her, "Is there anything lying about that I could maybe finish or work with?". She gave him two CDs of unreleased material which Clapton found "all fantastic" and covered "Somebody’s Knockin" as the set opener for his 2015 Slowhand at 70 concert film and live album. Billboard called the Clapton take "rollicking" and The Telegraph thinks the song allows Clapton to play "handsome solos" between the lead vocal parts.
In 2016, Clapton released a studio version of the song on his album I Still Do.