OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Svartisen

Svartisen is a collective term for two glaciers located in Nordland county in northern Norway. It is part of Saltfjellet-Svartisen National Park, located in the Saltfjell mountain range. The glaciers are located in the municipalities of Beiarn, Meløy, Rana, and Rødøy. Svartisen consists of two separate glaciers that are separated by the 1-kilometre (0.62 mi) long Vesterdalen valley. The two glaciers are:
* Vestisen or Vestre Svartisen ("western Svartisen") has an area of 221 square kilometres (85 sq mi) which makes it the second largest glacier on the Norwegian mainland after the Jostedalsbreen glacier. (There are larger glaciers on Svalbard.)
* Østisen or Østre Svartisen ("eastern Svartisen") has an area of 148 square kilometres (57 sq mi) which makes it the country's fourth largest glacier.
There are also a number of minor glaciers in the area surrounding Svartisen, such as Glombreen in the northern part of Meløy Municipality, and Simlebreen in Beiarn Municipality. One of the outlet glaciers of Svartisen, Engabreen ends at the lowest point of any glacier on the European mainland, at 20 metres (66 ft) above sea level (in 2007). The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate has monitored the glacier mass balance of the glacier since 1970 and operates a sub-glacial laboratory beneath Engabreen.
Water from the glacier is collected and used for hydropower production via runoff into the streams and lakes and through intakes bored beneath Engabreen.

## Name

The first element is svart which means 'swart' or 'black' and the last element is the finite form of is meaning 'ice' or 'glacier'. The old ice of the glacier is considerably darker than fresh ice and newfallen snow.

## Western Svartisen

The western Svartisen ice cap is a glacier occupying 201 square kilometres (78 sq mi) of the coastal area of central Norway, just inside the Arctic Circle. Most of the glacier is around 1000 metres above sea level on a high plateau. The ice cap owes its existence to the high snowfall rates in the region, rather than the cold temperatures, similar to other glaciers close by such as the Jostedalsbreen glacier. The surface on the top of the plateau feeds many outlet glaciers, including the Engabreen glacier. The status of the glacier is unknown, although some of the outlet glaciers are advancing and gaining ice mass.

## Media gallery

* Svartisen from seaside
* Aerial view
* Holandsfjord where the glacier get closer to the sea than any other glacier in Europe (apart from Svalbard).
* Aerial view
* Glacier heading towards the water
* Engabreen seen from the air
* Body of water next to the glacier
# WLO

WLO may refer to:
* three-letter station code for Waterloo railway station (Merseyside)
* station code for Winslow (Amtrak station)
* White Label Office, a software program based on OpenOffice.org
* Windows Libraries for OS/2
* Wonderland Online, an MMORPG developed by IGG for Windows
* WLO is a Marine Coastal Radio Station in Mobile, Alabama
# PFLP (disambiguation)

PFLP may refer to:
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC) based in Syria. Founded in 1968 by Ahmed Jibril after splitting from PFLP
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations (PFLP-EO) founded by Palestinian radical Wadie Haddad when engaging in international attacks, that were regarded as terrorism, and were not sanctioned by PFLP
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Special Command (PFLP-SC), minor breakout faction from Wadie Haddad's ultraradical PFLP-EO
* Private Fund Limited Partnership, type of business relationship
# Thomas Martin (Canadian politician)

Thomas Martin (May 21, 1850 – March 12, 1907) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Fergus, Canada West, the son of John Martin and Jean Munro, both of Scotland, Martin educated at Mount Forest, Ontario. A miller by profession, he was a Councillor and Mayor of Mount Forest. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Wellington North in 1904 federal election. A Liberal, he died in office in 1907. His brother, Alexander Munro Martin, was elected to the same riding in the resulting by-election.
# Parasa undulata

Parasa undulata is a moth of the family Limacodidae. It is found in China (Henan, Guangxi, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Gansu).
# Glomerular basement membrane

The glomerular basement membrane of the kidney is the basal lamina layer of the glomerulus. The glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the filtration slits between the podocytes perform the filtration function of the glomerulus, separating the blood in the capillaries from the filtrate that forms in Bowman's capsule. The glomerular basement membrane is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas, and is the main site of restriction of water flow. Glomerular basement membrane is secreted and maintained by podocyte cells.

## Layers

The glomerular basement membrane contains three layers:
| Layer | Location | Composition | Function |
| lamina rara externa | adjacent to podocyte processes | heparan sulfate Sialoglycoproteins proteoglycans | Heparan sulfate restricts movement of anionic particles. Sialoglycoproteins glue cells on the GBM. |
| lamina densa | dark central zone | type 4 collagen and laminin | blocks by size (Molecular Weight > 70kDa) |
| lamina rara interna | adjacent to endothelial cells | heparan sulfate Chondroitin sulphate | blocks by charge |
The glomerular membrane consists of mesangial cells, modified pericytes that in other parts of the body separate capillaries from each other. The podocytes adjoining them have filtration slits of diameter 25 nm that are formed by the pseudopodia arising from them. The filtration slits are covered by a diaphragm that includes the transmembrane protein nephrin.

## Pathology

* Goodpasture's syndrome is also known as anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Capillaries become inflamed as a result of damage to the basement membrane by antibodies to alpha 3 NC1 domain of type IV collagen.
* Nephrotic syndrome is a change in the structure of the glomerular filtration mechanism usually in the glomerular basement membrane. Some symptoms include proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema, and hyperlipidemia.
* Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a thickening of the basement membrane, which can become up to 4-5 times thicker than normal. Can be caused by insulin deficiency or resultant hyperglycemia.
* Alport syndrome is a X-linked hereditary nephritis caused by mutations in type IV collagen, leading to a split lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane. It also affects the eye and inner ear.
# Osaka Seikei University

Osaka Seikei University (大阪成蹊大学, Ōsaka seikei daigaku) is a private university in Osaka, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1933. It was chartered as a junior women's college in 1951. In 2003 it became coeducational.

## Faculties

This university has the following faculties:

### Faculty of Management

* Department of Management
* Department of Sports Management
* Department of Global Tourism and Business

### Faculty of Arts

* Department of Art and Design

### Faculty of Education

* Department of Education
# Araki Fabulous Willy

Ch/Am Ch. Araki Fabulous Willy (25 April 2001 – 4 December 2008), also known as Willy, was a male Tibetan Terrier who won the title of Best in Show at Crufts in 2007. He was also the top of his breed in the UK for four years consecutively, and the top of the Utility group in 2003. Willy was the most successful of his breed of all time in the UK. Willy has several descendants still living in the UK, including Levi Newman and Frankie and Benny Mattey of North London.

## Early life

Owned by John Shaw and Neil Smith from Gloucester, Willy was bred by Ken Sinclair. He was born on 25 April 2001.

## Show history

At Crufts between 2004 and 2006, Willy won the title of Best of Breed each time, and placed third in the Utility Group in 2006, winning the group in 2004. After winning Best in Show at the Birmingham National Dog Show in 2006, Willy became the most successful Tibetan Terrier of all time in the UK, having amassed 40 challenge certificates, breaking a record which had stood since 1970.
In 2007 at the age of six years, Willy qualified for Crufts and took first place in the Utility Group after winning its own breed group. Willy went on to take the title of Best in Show, the runner up in the final was a Wire Fox Terrier named Ch. Travella Show Stopper, and was judged by Zena Thorn-Andrews. Owner John Shaw said of the victory, "It is unbelievable. This dog has done so well. It is the biggest accolade you could wish for. We may think about retiring him now because there is nothing left to do."
Claire Balding was the presenter of the Cruft's coverage for the BBC, and her dog Archie was the grandson of Willy. Another of Willy's grandsons, Notoriety Moonwalker at Tetsimi, took first place in the class of Special Junior – Dog in 2009. Following his victory at Crufts, Willy attended the re-launch of the Purple Hotel at Birmingham Star City, after it was rebranded from being named the Sleep Inn Hotel. He was retired after his win, and did not compete in the following year's Crufts. His breeder Ken Sinclair said that he was busy "playing with his girlfriend and digging up holes in the orchard".
Willy had been the top Tibetan Terrier in the UK for four consecutive years, and in 2003 became the only Tibetan Terrier to be the highest ranked of the Utility Group. He died on 4 December 2008, from a severe kidney infection.
He was breed leader in the Dog World/Pedigree Petfoods Top Dog competition in 2004 and was also Top Utility and fourth overall all breeds. He was also breed leader in 2006
Although used sparingly at stud, he was the breed's Top Stud Dog in the Dog World/Pedigree Petfoods competition in 2006, and again in 2007.
His final tally of wins was 45 CCs and 15 groups.
# Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol

Guy IV of Châtillon, Count of Saint Pol (c. 1254 – 6 April 1317) was a French nobleman. He was the son of Guy III, Count of Saint-Pol and Matilda of Brabant.
In 1292, he married Marie of Brittany, daughter of John II, Duke of Brittany and Beatrice of England. They had eight children:
* John, Count of Saint-Pol (d. 1344), married Joanna, daughter of John I of Fiennes
* Jacques of Châtillon (d.s.p. 1365), Lord of Ancre
* Mahaut of Châtillon (1293–1358), married in 1308 Charles of Valois
* Beatrix of Châtillon, married in 1315 John of Dampierre, Lord of Crèvecœur
* Isabeau of Châtillon (d. 19 May 1360), married in May 1311 William I de Coucy, Lord of Coucy
* Marie of Châtillon, married Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
* Eleanor of Châtillon, married John III Malet, Lord of Graville
* Jeanne of Châtillon, married Miles de Noyers, Lord of Maisy
He held the office of Grand Butler of France.
He was placed in joint command (with Robert VI of Auvergne) of one of the two reserve "battles" of the French troops at the Battle of the Golden Spurs, where the French army was led by his elder half-brother Robert II, Count of Artois. He was able to escape when the French were routed by the Flemings, but his brother Jacques, elder half-brother Robert, and many of his relatives were killed.
# Seh Kushk

Seh Kushk is a village in Badghis Province in north western Afghanistan.
# W. H. Berry

William Henry Berry (23 March 1870 – 2 May 1951), always billed as W. H. Berry, was an English comic actor. After learning his craft in pierrot and concert entertainments, he was spotted by the actor-manager George Grossmith Jr., and appeared in a series of musical comedies in comic character roles. His greatest success was as Mr. Meebles, the hapless magistrate in The Boy in 1917.
Berry was a pioneer broadcaster, making radio appearances within months of the launch of the BBC. He was still broadcasting in the late 1930s. He also appeared in variety.

## Biography

Berry was born in London. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to the theatre booking-agency Keith, Prowse and Co., through which he had access to free seats for West End plays and musical shows. He became fascinated with the theatre, and got a job as assistant business manager to the actor-manager Wilson Barrett at the old Globe Theatre. In 1898, Barrett gave up the Globe, and left England to tour Australia, leaving Berry unemployed. He took a job in a factory, where his colleagues found him so entertaining that he was quickly in demand at local dinners and concerts, and was able to give up the factory job. While still at the factory, he met Kitty Hanson, a typist, whom he married.
Berry developed his professional skills performing as a concert artist in the winter and a pierrot with seaside concert parties in the summer. His wife abandoned typing and went into the theatrical profession with him. At one of his concert engagements George Grossmith Jr. and Ivan Caryll saw him and were impressed enough to invite Berry and his wife to join the cast of a forthcoming musical comedy to be presented by George Edwardes. Berry appeared with Lily Elsie in The Merry Widow, in 1907; his burlesque dance with Gabrielle Ray was one of the hits of the show.
After this, Berry was seen in a string of shows including Havana (1908), A Waltz Dream (1908), The Dollar Princess (1909), The Count of Luxembourg (1911), Gipsy Love (1912), High Jinks (1916), and his greatest success, The Boy (1917), in which he played Mr. Meebles, the respectable magistrate who finds himself at the centre of farcical uproar. In 1920, he starred in The Naughty Princess and as Dipper Twigg in The Golden Moth at the Adelphi Theatre, London. He played Christian Velt in Lilac Time in several revivals in the 1920s and 1930s. He appeared in Princess Charming in 1926.
As one of the earliest broadcasters, Berry first appeared on radio in 1922 in the BBC's first months. Among his radio achievements, The Times singled out his later broadcast as Mr. Micawber in 1938. He also appeared in variety.
Kitty Berry died in 1947. At the age of 77, Berry married Agnes Lyndon, who had nursed him through a serious illness. Berry died at his home in Herne Bay on the coast of Kent, at the age of 81.
# Paganini (1989 film)

Kinski Paganini, also known simply as Paganini, is a 1989 biographical film written, directed by and starring Klaus Kinski. Based on the life and career of composer and virtuoso violinist Niccolò Paganini, it was Kinski's only film as director as well as his final acting appearance before his death in 1991.
Kinski felt that he and Paganini had led similar lives, and both gave "demonic" performances in their own fields that often sparked great controversy.

## Plot

A biopic about the life of Niccolò Paganini, who many consider to be one of the greatest violinists who ever lived.

## Cast

* Klaus Kinski as Niccolò Paganini
* Debora Caprioglio (credited as Debora Kinski) as Antonia Bianchi
* Nicolai Kinski as Achille Paganini
* Dalila Di Lazzaro as Helene von Feuerbach
* André Thorent as Galvano
* Eva Grimaldi as Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte
* Marcel Marceau as Pantomime
* Donatella Rettore as Miss Wells
* Bernard Blier as Father Caffarelli
* Beba Balteano as Carol Watson
* Fabio Carfora as Mr. Watson
* Feodor Chaliapin Jr. as Judge
* Tosca D'Aquino as Angiolina Cavanna

## Production

In his 1999 documentary My Best Fiend, frequent collaborator Werner Herzog explains that Kinski repeatedly asked him to direct the film, but Herzog refused because he thought the script was "unfilmable". Herzog also states that the preparation for his role in Kinski Paganini caused the actor to take on an uncomfortable "alien" air that disrupted Kinski's performance in their last film together, Cobra Verde.
Tosca D'Aquino recalled with shock her experience in the film: "I suffered the harassment of Kinski's very difficult nature. Going back I would not make this film because I suffered a lot. He was a very violent man. I had a complicated relationship, he was bossy, I had bruises." In his autobiography, Kinski, describing one of these scenes with D'Aquino, wrote, "She was embarrassed and closed her legs. I had to block them violently. When I penetrated her with my fingers, she squirmed and moaned."

## Home media

Since its theatrical run, the film had only been released on DVD and VHS in Germany, but in late 2011, the film was released for the first time in North America on a two disc special edition DVD. The release contained deleted and extended scenes, Cannes Film Festival interviews, and a director's cut (95 minutes). In April 2024, it will be released on Blu-ray for the first time by Vinegar Syndrome sublabel Vinegar Syndrome Labs.
# Thomas Marsham (MP)

Thomas Marsham (by 1522 – 15 September 1557), of Norwich, Norfolk was an English politician.

## Family

He was the son of John Marsham (d. 13 May 1525) of Norwich by Elizabeth (d.1559), daughter of Hamond Claxton of Chediston, Suffolk. Thomas Marsham had four brothers and eight sisters. Through his sister Mary Marsham he was the great-uncle of Temperance Flowerdew and John Pory.
Another sister, Elizabeth, married William Layer, Mayor of Norwich, and was the mother of Christopher Layer, merchant, burgess of Norwich, and briefly a Member of Parliament.
His sister Margaret Marsham was buried by her father in 1563.
Thomas Marsham married a woman named Elizabeth, and they seem to have had no children.
He left Elizabeth his wife, and Ralph his brother, each a moiety of the manor of Little Melton. His brother Ralph Marsham was the great-grandfather of Sir John Marsham, 1st Baronet, the father of Sir Robert Marsham, 4th Baronet of Bushey Hall, Hertfordshire and the grandfather of Robert Marsham, 1st Baron Romney.

## Career

He was a grocer and a Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich in March 1553, as well as mayor of the city in 1554–55.

## St. John's Maddermarket

Thomas Marsham was buried in St. John's Maddermarket. Both his father, his mother and his sister Margaret rest in the same church.
# Tadhg Ruadh Ó Cellaigh

Tadhg Ruadh Ó Cellaigh was the king of Uí Maine and a Chief of the Name. He died in 1410.
| Preceded byConchobar an Abaidh Ó Cellaigh | King of Uí Maine 1403–1410 | Succeeded byDonnchadh Ó Cellaigh |
# Harold Brighouse

Harold Brighouse (26 July 1882 – 25 July 1958) was an English playwright and author whose best known play is Hobson's Choice. He was a prominent member, together with Allan Monkhouse and Stanley Houghton, of a group known as the Manchester School of dramatists.

## Early life

Harold Brighouse was born in Eccles, Lancashire, the eldest child of John Southworth Brighouse, a manager for a cotton-spinning business, and Charlotte Amelia née Harrison, a headmistress. Harold attended a local school, then won a scholarship to Manchester Grammar School. He quit school aged 17 and started work as a textile buyer in a shipping merchant's office. In 1902 he went to London to establish an office for his company. There he met Emily Lynes and married her in Lillington, Leamington Spa in 1907. He was promoted at work and returned to Manchester, but in 1908 he became a full-time writer.

## Writing career

The first play written by Brighouse was Lonesome Like, but the first to be produced was The Doorway. This was performed in 1909 at Annie Horniman's Gaiety Theatre in Manchester and produced by Ben Iden Payne. Horniman and Payne assisted Brighouse during the early stages of his career. Many of his plays were one-act pieces; three of the best of these (The Northerners, Zack and The Game) were published together as Three Lancashire Plays in 1920. All of these plays were set in Lancashire but Brighouse also wrote plays of a different type, such as The Oak Settle and Maid of France. His most successful play was Hobson's Choice, first produced in 1915 in New York where Payne was working. It was first produced in England in 1916 at the Apollo Theatre, London, where it played for 246 performances. The play was made into a movie, directed by David Lean, in 1953, and it was produced at the National Theatre at the Old Vic, London, in 1964. The Crucible Theatre Sheffield staged a revival in June 2011 directed by Christopher Luscombe and starring Barrie Rutter, Zoe Waites and Philip McGinley.
Brighouse also wrote novels, including Hepplestalls, concerning a Lancashire mill-owning family during the 19th century. Additionally, he wrote many reviews and other pieces for the Manchester Guardian. He was a member of the Dramatists' Club and in 1930–31 was chairman of the Society of Authors' dramatic committee. After 1931 he wrote no more full-length plays. His autobiography What I Have Had was published in 1953.

## Other activities and later life

During the First World War, Brighouse was declared unfit for combat, but joined what later became the Royal Air Force, and was seconded to the Air Ministry Intelligence Staff, where in his spare time he wrote Hobson's Choice. In 1919 he relocated to Hampstead, London. In 1958 he collapsed in the Strand and died the next day in Charing Cross Hospital. His estate amounted to slightly less than £14,500.
# LRLL 54361

LRLL 54361 also known as L54361 is thought to be a binary protostar producing strobe-like flashes, located in the constellation Perseus in the star-forming region IC 348 and 950 light-years away.
The object may offer insight into a star's early stages of formation, when large masses of gas and dust are falling into a newly forming binary star - called a pulsed accretion model. LRLL 54361 emits a burst of light at regular intervals of 25.34 days, increasing in infrared luminosity by an order of magnitude over a span of a week and then gradually dimming until the next pulse. This behavior be caused by repeated close approaches between the two component stars which are gravitationally linked in an eccentric orbit. The flashes may be the result of large amounts of matter falling into the growing protostars. Since the stars are obscured by the dense disk and envelope of dust surrounding them, direct observation is difficult. This process of star birth has been witnessed in its later stages, but has to date not been seen in such a young system, nor with such intensity and regularity. The pair of stars are thought to be only a few hundred thousand years old.
LRLL 54361 was first detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope as a variable object inside the star-forming region IC 348. The Hubble Space Telescope confirmed the Spitzer observations and revealed the detailed structure around the protostar. Hubble images show two large, clear-swept regions in the disk around the stars. The monitoring of LRLL 54361 continues using other instruments, including the Herschel Space Telescope, and astronomers hope to obtain more direct measurements of the binary star and its orbit.
* Star-forming Region IC 348 Around protostar LRLL 54361
* Schematic diagram of the young binary star system
* Close up of LRLL 54361
# Esztár

Esztár is a village in Hajdú-Bihar county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 31.71 km$^2$ (12 sq mi) and has a population of 1335 people (2015).
# Philippines at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics

Philippines competed at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics in Stuttgart, Germany, from August 13 to 22, 1993. The Philippines fielded 2 athletes who competed in 3 events.

## Results
### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Lydia de Vega | 100 metres | 12.24 | 6 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Lydia de Vega | 200 metres | DNS | DNS | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Elma Muros | Long Jump | 5.99 | 15 | Did not advance | Did not advance |