OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henry Keith Townes

Henry Keith Townes, Jr. (20 January 1913 – 2 May 1990) was an American entomologist who specialized in the Hymenoptera with a special focus on the Ichneumonidae.
Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina and went to study at the Furman College, receiving bachelor's degrees in 1933 which included a BS in biology and BA in language. He then went to Cornell University where he obtained a doctorate in 1937 under J.C. Bradley studying Ichneumonidae. He then taught zoology at Syracuse University followed by entomology at Cornell. In 1940 he received a fellowship to work at the Academy of Natural Sciences which resulted in a catalogue of Nearctic Ichneumonidae. He then worked at the USDA in Washington and was appointed a specialist on Ichneumonidae following R. A. Cushman's retirement. In 1949 he moved to become a faculty at the North Carolina State University where he worked till 1956. His wife Marjorie Chapman also assisted him in his Hymenoptera studies and together they sampled widely using Malaise traps, made large collections and established the American Entomological Institute. He then moved to the University of Michigan and by 1970 they had nearly 700,000 specimens. In 1985 he moved the American Entomological Institute to Gainesville, Florida.
Townes published numerous revisions and several major catalogues on the Ichneumonidae. Townes followed strict priority and was opposed to many of the rulings of the ICZN and disregarded many Opinions of the ICZN.
# Jadayampalayam Pudur

11°17′35″N 76°56′58″E﻿ / ﻿11.2929991°N 76.9494865°E﻿ / 11.2929991; 76.9494865
Jadayampalayam Pudur is a small village, located 4 km from Mettupalayam town, on Mettupalayam-Tirupur state highway 80. The village become very famous because of its residential development. A major landmark is a small hillock popularly known in Kannada (spoken by majority of people in this village) as "Kallal Mokke" meaning "mound made of stones". There is an abandoned stone quarry which is always with water even in dry season attracting birds and insects. It is a great spot for watching birds with some rare birds being spotted in this surrounding. The famous Tamil movie Aattukkara Alamelu was partially filmed here

## Transportation

TNSTC Bus (Number 19) goes through Jadayampalayam Pudur. Taxi/Auto services are available from Mettupalayam, Sirumugai and Karamadai.

## Airport

Coimbatore (Manchester of South India) is 38 km by road from Jadayampalayam Pudur. The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport which has regular (Air timings) flights from New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Calicut, Chennai, Cochin, Hyderabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Jammu, Pune, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Bahrain, Kuwait, Muscat, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Colombo, Dubai, Doha, Singapore, etc.

## Railway station

Mettupalayam railway station is the nearest railway station. Blue mountain or Nilgiri Express, super past train, goes chennai daily. Mettupalayam passenger train connects Coimbatore City junction.
# Oxyrhopus fitzingeri

Oxyrhopus fitzingeri, also known commonly as Fitzinger's false coral snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to northwestern South America. There are two recognized subspecies.

## Etymology

The specific name, fitzingeri, is in honor of Austrian herpetologist Leopold Fitzinger.
The subspecific name, frizzelli, is honor of the collectors of the holotype, Don L. Frizzell & Harriet E. Frizzell.

## Geographic range

O. fitzingeri is found in Ecuador and Peru.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of O. fitzingeri are forest, savanna, and desert, at altitudes from sea level to 1,829 m (6,001 ft).

## Reproduction

O. fitzingeri is oviparous.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Oxyrhopus fitzingeri fitzingeri (Tschudi, 1845)
* Oxyrhopus fitzingeri frizzelli Schmidt & Walker, 1943
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Oxyrhopus.
# Gar Tongtsen Yulsung

Gar Tongtsen Yulsung (Tibetan: མགར་སྟོང་བཙན་ཡུལ་སྲུང༌།, Wylie: mgar stong btsan yul srung; Chinese: 噶爾·東贊域松; 590-667) was a general of the Tibetan Empire who served as Lönchen during the reign of Songtsen Gampo. In many Chinese records, his name was given as Lù Dōngzàn (Chinese: 祿東贊) or Lùn Dōngzàn (Chinese: 論東贊); both are attempts to transliterate the short form of his title and name, Lön Tongtsen.

## Career

Gar Tongtsen was born into the Gar clan, an important Tibetan family based in modern Maizhokunggar County.
According to Clear Mirror on Royal Genealogy, Tongtsen was dispatched as envoys to Licchavi Kingdom (in modern Nepal) together with Thonmi Sambhota by the emperor Songtsen Gampo. Amshuverma, who was the ruler of Licchavi, married Princess Bhrikuti to Songtsen Gampo. But the historicity of the princess is not certain because no reference to her has been found among the documents discovered at Dunhuang.
Tongtsen was dispatched to the Tang dynasty together with Dri Seru Gungton and Thonmi Sambhota in 640, requesting a marriage between the Tibetan emperor and a Tang princess. Taizong, the Tang emperor, agreed and married Princess Wencheng to Songtsen Gampo. Taizong appreciated his talent and promoted him to "Right Guard Senior General" (右衛大將軍), but was refused by him.
Later, the Lönchen Khyungpo Pungse invited Songtsen came to visit his fief. Tongtsen was sent there to set up the emperor's camp, but found it was a conspiracy. Tongtsen fled stealthily and told the conspiracy to the emperor. After the death of Pungse, Tongtsen was appointed as Lönchen.
Songtsen Gampo died in 650, and Mangsong Mangtsen succeeded. Tongtsen acted as regent because Mangsong was an infant. During this period, Tongtsen carried out a tax reform in 653, conducted a census in 654, and made the first law of Tibet in 655. Relations between China and Tibet began to sour during this period. Tibet conquered glo po (Ngari) and rcang rgya (Tsang) in 652, and finally 'A-zha (which was called "Tuyunhun" by Chinese people) in 663. Tibet held over the whole of the Tibetan plateau, and tried to seize the Western Regions of Tang China.
Tongtsen left in 'A-zha to defend against Tang China, and was dismissed by Mangsong due to his age. Not long after his successor Omade Lotsen was executed because the "guilty of rebellion", and the position turned back to him. Six years later, he died of neck cancer on his way back to Lhasa.

## Family

Gar Tongtsen had five sons, all of them were famous Tibetan generals:
* Gar Tsenye Dompu (Wylie: mgar btsan snya ldom pu)
* Gar Trinring Tsendro (Wylie: mgar khri 'bring brtan brod), also known as Lon Trinring (Wylie: blon khri 'bring) and Lùn Qīnlíng (Chinese: 論欽陵)
* Gar Tsenba (Wylie: mgar btsan-ba)
* Gar Tagu Risum (Wylie: mgar sta gu ri sum)
* Gar Tsenyen Gungton (Wylie: mgar btsan nyan gung rton)
# Gosproektstroi

Gosproektstroi (Russian: Госпроектстрой, IPA:; 1930–1932) was the State Design and Construction Bureau in Moscow, Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). This organization was set up in 1930 following an agreement between Saul G. Bron, President of Amtorg Trading Corporation, on behalf of the Superior Soviet of the People's Economy (VSNKh) of the USSR, and Albert Kahn, the leading American industrial architect from Detroit, Michigan, for his firm to become consulting architects for all industrial construction in the Soviet Union.
Albert Kahn Associates agreed to establish an office with its architects and engineers in Moscow, to train Soviet architects and engineers, as well as supervise design of industrial facilities under the nation's first five-year plan.
Moritz Kahn, an engineer and one of the three Kahn brothers in Kahn Associates, was selected to set up this office. He said:
    "In a short time I shall proceed to Moscow with a staff of twenty-five specialist assistants. We shall then help the Soviet Government to organize a designing bureau, which will comprise about forty-five hundred architectural and engineering designers, selected principally from Soviet Russia, but also from America and other foreign countries. The bureau will be directed by the head of the Building Commission of the Supreme Economic Council."
George Scrymgeour, another American from Albert Kahn Associates, was appointed as head of Gosproektstroi and also sat on the National Technical Soviet. The Kahn company was ultimately responsible for supervising 3,000 designers across the Soviet Union in Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkov, Kiev, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Odessa and Sverdlovsk, all controlled from Moscow. They trained some 4000 specialists and had a budget of 417 million rubles.
State planning permitted standardization of building construction: "all factory buildings for any one type of construction can be built on standardized principles. The result will be a great saving in time and in cost in the preparation of plans and the cost of buildings," as Moritz Kahn said. He believed that the Soviet building code permitted a "saving of millions of dollars per annum because of the ultra-conservative character of that code."
# Shanghai University of Engineering Science

The Shanghai University of Engineering Science (SUES; 上海工程技术大学; 'Shanghai Engineering Technological University') is a municipal public university located in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Shanghai Municipal People's Government.
The school was originally established in 1978 under the name of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Electrical & Mechanical Branch (上海交通大学机电分校) and merged with a branch of the East China Textile Institute of Science and Technology (华东纺织工学院) in 1985.
The most distinguished subjects of SUES include materials science, mechanical engineering, management studies, art design, etc.

## History

In October, 1978, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the First Bureau of Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Industry, the Second Bureau of Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Industry, Jiangnan Shipyard, East-China Electric Management Bureau, Transportation Bureau, the government of Changning District, Shanghai co-founded Shanghai Jiao Tong University Electrical and Mechanical Branch. East-China Textile Institute of Science and Technology, Textile Industry Bureau of Shanghai, the government of Putuo District, Shanghai, co-founded a branch of East-China Textile Institute of Science and Technology.

## Teaching and research

There was no English-based engineering undergraduate programs available before 2020. All engineering courses were in Chinese In 2020, 3 majors was added as English taught Majors for International students.
| Schools and sections School of Mechanical Engineering School of Electrics and Electronics School of Management studies School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Material Engineering School of Automotive Engineering School of Art and Design School of Fashion Engineering School of Urban Rail Transportation Sino-French Institute of Fashion Design Sino-Korean School of Multi-media Design School of Fundamental Studies School of Advanced Vocational Education School of Advanced Technician School of Social Science Teaching Section of Sports School of Adult Education | Teaching and training bases Shanghai Automotive Engineering Training Center (Key Laboratory of Shanghai Municipality) Computer Center Engineering Training Center Art Design Exhibition Center Fashion Design Exhibition Center Organizations of scientific research Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering Institute of Laser Industrial Technology Institute of Chemical Engineering Institute of Economy Research Center of Labor Relations Research Center of Nanometer-technology Shanghai Research Center of Social Security |
# Northland Suns

The Northland Suns were a New Zealand basketball team based in Whangārei. The Suns competed in the National Basketball League (NBL).

## Team history

The Northland Suns started in the second-tiered Conference Basketball League (CBL). Teams representing Whangārei and the Northland Region played in the CBL throughout the 1980s and 1990s, with Cable Price Whangarei finishing second in the Northern Conference in 1986, and Abbey Mazda Northland finishing second in 1987. In 1991, Mobil Marters Northland won the CBL championship. Mobil Marters went on to finish runners-up in 1992, before winning their second CBL championship in 1994.
Following the 1994 championship, Northland were promoted to the National Basketball League (NBL) for the 1995 season. The Suns spent four seasons in the NBL, finishing 13th in 1995, 11th in 1996, 8th in 1997, and 11th in 1998. Their 1998 campaign saw them become the first team in NBL history to go an entire season without a win. They subsequently withdrew from the NBL and ceased operations following the 1998 season.
The Northland Suns brand returned in 2010, with a team playing three years in the Senior Intercity Competition, a national second division competition colloquially known as the Conference Basketball League.
# Fritz Klein (sex researcher)

Fred "Fritz" Klein (December 27, 1932 – May 24, 2006) was an Austrian-born American psychiatrist and sex researcher who studied bisexuals and their relationships. He was an author and editor, as well as the developer of the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid, a scale that measures an individual's sexual orientation. Klein believed that sexual orientation could change over the course of a lifetime and that researchers underestimated the number of men that had sexual interactions with both sexes. Fritz Klein founded the American Institute of Bisexuality in 1998, which is continuing his work by sponsoring bisexual-inclusive sex research, educating the general public on sexuality, and promoting bisexual culture and community.

## Life and career

Klein was born in Vienna, Austria, to Orthodox Jewish parents. He and his family fled to New York City when he was a child, to escape antisemitism.
He received a BA from Yeshiva University in 1953, and an MBA from Columbia University in 1955. He studied medicine at University of Bern in Switzerland for six years, receiving his MD in 1961.
Self-identifying as bisexual, Klein was surprised at the lack of literature on his sexuality in the New York Public Library in 1974. That year he founded the Bisexual Forum, the world's first bisexual group.

## Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and other works

He devised the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid, a multi-dimensional system for describing complex sexual orientation, similar to the "zero-to-six" scale Kinsey scale used by Alfred Kinsey, but measuring seven different vectors of sexual orientation and identity (sexual attractions, sexual behavior, sexual fantasies, emotional preference, social preference, lifestyle and self-identification) separately, as they relate person's past, present and ideal future.
Klein published The Bisexual Option: A Concept of One Hundred Percent Intimacy in 1978, based on his research. He also co-authored The Male, His Body, His Sex in 1978. Klein moved to San Diego in 1982. He published Bisexualities: Theory and Research in 1986. In 1998 he founded the American Institute of Bisexuality (AIB), also known as the Bisexual Foundation or the Bi Foundation, to encourage, support and assist research and education about bisexuality. Klein also founded the Journal of Bisexuality. He remained the Journal's principal editor until his death. He published Bisexual and Gay Husbands: Their Stories, Their Words in 2001. Klein published a novel, Life, Sex and the Pursuit of Happiness in 2005.
In 2006 Klein was diagnosed with cancer, and underwent surgery as a result. On May 24 of that year, he died from a heart attack at his home in San Diego, aged 73. He was survived by two brothers and his life partner, Tom Reise. Klein donated his body to science.
# Gökpınar, Bilecik

Gökpınar is a village in the Bilecik District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 91 (2021).
# Ronald Bonnetrouge

Ronald Bonnetrouge is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in the 2019 election. He represents the electoral district of Deh Cho.

## Election results

vte2023 Northwest Territories general election: Deh Cho :
| | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Sheryl Yakeleya | 229 | 39.48 |
| | Steven Vandell | 178 | 30.69 |
| | Ronald Bonnetrouge (I) | 146 | 25.17 |
| | Richard C. Lafferty | 27 | 4.66 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 580 |
vte2019 Northwest Territories general election: Deh Cho :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Ronald Bonnetrouge | 283 |
| Michael Nadli | 253 |
vte2015 Northwest Territories general election: Deh Cho :
| | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Michael Nadli | 190 | 40.6 |
| | Ronald Bonnetrouge | 172 | 36.8 |
| | Gregory Nyuli | 66 | 14.1 |
| | Lyle Fabian | 40 | 8.5 |
| Total valid ballots / Turnout | Total valid ballots / Turnout | 468 | 61% |
# P. grandis

P. grandis may refer to:
* Pachycereus grandis, a large cactus species in the genus Pachycereus native to Mexico and just into southern Arizona, United States
* Peromyscus grandis, the big deer mouse, a rodent species found only in Guatemala
* Phasia grandis, a fly species in the genus Phasia
* Pinanga grandis, a flowering plant species in the genus Pinanga
* Pisonia grandis, a flowering tree species distributed throughout the coral cays of the Indian and Pacific Oceans
* Pleurobranchus grandis, a marine sidegill slug species
* Ploceus grandis, the giant weaver, a bird species endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe
* Promynoglenes grandis, a spider species in the genus Promynoglenes endemic to New Zealand

## Synonyms

* Paphinia grandis, a synonym for Paphinia grandiflora, an orchid species native to Brazil
* Pritchardia grandis, a synonym for Licuala grandis, a palm species
# Stub Jacobson

Stub Jacobson was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Warren Penns in the National Basketball League for four games early in the 1937–38 season. He averaged 1.5 points per game.

## Career statistics
### NBL

Source

#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | FGM | FTM | PTS | PPG |
| 1937–38 | Warren | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1.5 |
# Thomas Jordan (mayor)

Thomas Jordan (30 April 1880 – 7 June 1945) was the mayor of Masterton from 1925 to 1944, and was a teacher and then lawyer.
Jordan was born in Christchurch in 1880, to Michael and Mary Jordan. They moved to Tawa (then called Tawa Flat) near Wellington where they lived on James Taylor's farm, then to a house near the Porirua Lunatic Asylum.
Jordan attended Tawa Flat School from 1886 to 1890, then Porirua School where he won a scholarship to Wellington College where he was dux in 1896. He secured a University Junior Scholarship to Victoria University of Wellington, graduating M.A., and taught at Wellington College from 1902 to 1907.
He graduated Ll.B in 1907, and then practiced law at Masterton. He became mayor of Masterton in 1925, and was mayor until shortly before his death.
In World War II he was chairman of the National Patriotic Fund Council and then was a member of the National Patriotic Fund Board. He was also on the Town Planning appeal board and the Transport Appeal board and on the local Power Board etc.
In his younger days, he was a prominent cricketer and rugby footballer, being on the Wellington Ranfurly Shield team about 1905.
He died in 1945. He was survived by his widow and a daughter, but details are not known.
See photo of Tom Jordan.

## Sources

* Carman, Arthur H (1956, 1970, 1982) Tawa Flat and the Old Porirua Road, ASIN B0007K64LC (page 98)
# Swimming at the 2019 African Games – Women's 200 metre backstroke

The Women's 200 metre backstroke competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 21 August 2019.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
| | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| World record | Regan Smith | United States | 2:03.35 | Gwangju | 26 July 2019 |
| African record | Kirsty Coventry | Zimbabwe | 2:04.81 | Rome | 1 August 2009 |
| Games record | Kirsty Coventry | Zimbabwe | 2:10.66 | Algiers | 17 July 2007 |

## Results
### Final

The final was started on 21 August at 17:00.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Felicity Passon | Seychelles | 2:14.55 | NR |
| | 3 | Samantha Randle | South Africa | 2:15.50 | |
| | 5 | Robyn Lee | Zimbabwe | 2:22.50 | |
| 4 | 2 | Logaine Abdelatif | Egypt | 2:22.64 | |
| 5 | 7 | Sara El Tahawi | Algeria | 2:24.43 | |
| 6 | 6 | Camille Koenig | Mauritius | 2:26.80 | |
| 7 | 1 | Lewethu Mbatha | South Africa | 2:32.15 | |
| | 7 | Yasmine Dgaimesh | Morocco | Disqualified | |
# Food Town

Food Town may refer to:
* Seaway Food Town, a defunct supermarket chain that formerly operated in Ohio and Michigan
* Lewis Food Town, a grocery store chain headquartered in Houston, Texas
* Food City (Canada), a Canadian grocery store chain also called Food Town
* Food Lion, an American grocery store chain headquartered in Salisbury, NC, and known as Food Town from 1957 to 1983
# Northland Township, Minnesota

Northland Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Minnesota:
* Northland Township, Polk County, Minnesota
* Northland Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
# Gary Adams

Gary Adams may refer to:
* Gary Adams (baseball) (born 1939), American college baseball coach
* Gary Adams (golf) (1943–2000), salesman and founder of TaylorMade Golf
* Gary K. Adams, president and CEO of CMAI
# Fryston Colliery Welfare F.C.

Fryston Colliery Welfare F.C. was an English football club based in Fryston village, West Yorkshire.

## History

The team participated in the Yorkshire Football League, Northern Counties East League and Central Midlands League, as well as the FA Vase.
# Jackson County Courthouse (Maquoketa, Iowa)

The Jackson County Courthouse is located in Maquoketa, Iowa, United States. In the county's early years the county seat transferred several times between Bellevue and Andrew. In 1873 it moved to Maquoketa and the courthouse shared space with the new city hall that was built the same year. The county signed a 99-year lease, for $1, which committed the county to stay in Maquoketa. A separate building was built for a courthouse in 1886. It was a 2½-story brick structure in the Second Empire style. By 1938, it had become too small and some county offices began to occupy another building. The previous courthouse stood on the same location as the present courthouse, and was torn down before the current building was constructed.
The present courthouse was built in 1958 for about $400,000. The building was designed by William J. McNeil, and Roth & Associates were the general contractors. It is a simple single-story concrete structure. The solid glass main entrance is on the northwest corner in between a raised concrete wall and a solid blue wall. The L-shaped building has a flat roofline and a simple blue cornice that encircles the structure.
# Arnold Reymond

Arnold Reymond (1874–1958) was a Swiss theologian, philosopher (logician) and historian of science.

## Life

Reymond received a doctorate from the University of Geneva in 1908; his thesis on the history of ideas of the infinite, Logique et mathématiques, was reviewed by Bertrand Russell in Mind. Reymond taught at the University of Neuchâtel from 1912 to 1925, where he taught and influenced Jean Piaget. In 1925 he took up a chair at the University of Lausanne.

## Works

* Logique et mathématiques: essai historique et critique sur le nombre infini, Saint-Blaise: Foyer Solidariste, 1908
* Histoire des sciences exactes et naturelles dans l'Antiquité gréco-romaine, Paris: 1924. Translated as History of the sciences in Greco-Roman antiquity, New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1927
* Les penseurs de la Grèce; histoire de la philosophie antique, 1928
* Les principes de la logique et la critique contemporaine, 1932
* Philosophie spiritualiste; études et méditations, recherches critiques, 1942
* L'Histoire des sciences et la philosophie des sciences, 1949