OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scarlino

Scarlino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Florence and about 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Grosseto.
Scarlino borders the following municipalities: Castiglione della Pescaia, Follonica, Gavorrano, Massa Marittima.

## History

Scarlino appeared before the year 1000 as a possession of the Aldobrandeschi family, and was later handed over to the bishops of Roselle and then the Alberti family. In the 13th century it was acquired again by the Aldobrandeschi, but later it passed to Pisa and then the Appiani of Piombino.
Scarlino remained part of the Principality of Piombino until the early 19th century, when it became part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. In 1834, Scarlino became a frazione of Gavorrano. In 1960, it regained its status as a municipality.

## Frazioni

The municipality is formed by the municipal seat of Scarlino and the villages (frazioni) of Pian d'Alma, Puntone di Scarlino and Scarlino Scalo.

## Government
### List of mayors

| Mayor | Term start | Term end | Party |
| Alduvinca Meozzi | 1995 | 2004 | Independent (centre-left) |
| Maurizio Bizzarri | 2004 | 2014 | Independent (centre-left) |
| Marcello Stella | 2014 | 2019 | Independent (centre-left) |
| Francesca Travison | 2019 | Incumbent | Civic |

## Main sights

* Walls, built from the 11th century and restored in the 13th century.
* Rocca Aldobrandesca ("Aldobrandeschi Castle"), including an angular and a round towers, plus stone defensive walls.
* Church and convent of San Donato, which was the seat of the Augustinians from the 14th century. The church is in Romanesque style.
* Oratory of Santa Croce, with Renaissance frescoes.
* Church of San Martino (14th century).
* Convent of Monte Muro.
# Eric Russell

Eric Russell may refer to:
* Eric Frank Russell (1905–1978), British writer
* Eric Russell (cricketer) (born 1936), Scottish English cricketer
* Eric Russell (athlete) (born 1944), Australian athlete
# Schistura macrotaenia

Schistura macrotaenia is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Schistura. It occurs in the Tengtiao Jiang River drainage in Yunnan and may also occur in the same river drainage in northern Vietnam.
# Sciota subcaesiella

Sciota subcaesiella, the locust leafroller moth, is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in North America, including Maryland, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Iowa, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, Virginia, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Nova Scotia and Ontario.
The larvae feed on Robinia hispida, Robinia pseudoacacia, Robinia viscosa and Robinia nana.
# Scorpaenopsis altirostris

Scorpaenopsis altirostris is a species of venomous marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. This species is found in the eastern-central Pacific Ocean.

## Description

This species reaches a length of 4.6 cm (1.8 in).
# Sciros

Sciros (or Pacific Rose) is a cultivar of domesticated apple. This apple is mostly sweet with very little acidity, often compared to the 'Fuji' apple for taste, and keeps very well in storage. According to Orange Pippin it is an attractive new late-season high-quality dessert apple, a hybrid between 'Gala' and 'Splendour' apples, mostly resembling the latter.
Pacific Rose is a trademark administered by ENZA, the New Zealand Apple and Pear Marketing Board. The licensing arrangement for this apple has been contentious, with Chilean apples marketed without approval.
# Sconcerto

Sconcerto is an album by Italian singer Mina, issued in 2001.
The album is an homage to the songs of Grammy Award-winning Italian singer, songwriter, and composer Domenico Modugno.
As the (double-meaning) title of the album suggests, the songs are mostly sung with the backing of an orchestra or jazz combo and do not include the famous monologues heard at the beginning of several Modugno hits.

## Charts

Chart performance for Sconcerto :
| Chart (2001–2023) | Peak position |
| European Albums (Music & Media) | 34 |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 2 |
| Italian Vinyl Albums (FIMI) | 19 |

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy | — | 200,000 |
# Eraser vs Yöjalka

Eraser vs Yöjalka (also known as EvsY) are Julius Lehmuskallio (Eraser) and Simo Ojala (Yöjalka), a Suomisaundi-style psytrance project from Helsinki, Finland. Both studied music and classical instruments, went to goa parties since 1994 and started making music together in 2000. Since the beginning they' ve been interested in making innovative and always forward going psytrance, sucking influences from heavy, funk, classical and electronic music. They' ve released two albums and one EP on Helsinki-based record label Exogenic Records. The third album, Lords of the Liverdance and fourth album Virtuosi di Quosi were released by Australian record label Faerie Dragon 2006 and 2009.
Eraser vs Yöjalka has played in many many Finnish parties, as well as performing in Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belgium, Israel, Turkey, Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Japan and USA.

## Discography

* Sense Melter (12" EP, Exogenic Records, 2001)
* Round 1 CD Exogenic Records, 2002)
* Tarinat CD Exogenic Records, 2003)
* Lords of the Liverdance CD Faerie Dragon Records, 2006)
* Virtuosi Di Quosi CD Faerie Dragon Records, 2009)
* Evsylocybine CD www.ektoplazm.com, 2010
* 2070's Shock CD Stereohemia Records, 2020

### Compilations

* "Headache" - Fusion vs Confusion (Eraser, Exogenic Records, 1999)
* "Ranblax" - Beats and Beyond (Yöjalka, Surreal Audio, 2000)
* "Hattivatti" – Custom File (Exogenic Records, 2002)
* "Reunion" – Trance of Scandinavia (T.O.S., 2003)
* "Jos Metsään Haluat Mennä Nyt" - (www.antiscarp.com, 2003)
* "That Was Then This Is Now" - (www.antiscarp.com, 2004)
* "A Holy Man Spat Beer On My Gear" – Funland Boogie Files (Space Boogie Productions, 2006)
* "Just Looking for the Best Pieces of this Puzzle" – No Tone Unstirred (Faerie Dragon, 2007)
* "A Morning Story" (feat. Haltya) – No Tone Unstirred (Faerie Dragon, 2007)
* "Arraknophobia" – Dream Theatre (Cosmic Theatre, 2007)
* "Dreamatics" (feat. Ocelot) – Dream Theatre (Cosmic Theatre, 2007)
* "Tanza Toleranza" - Eye Sea Animals (Nullzone Records, 2007)
* "Himolaskijan Pitkät Nousut" - Spoked Weird (Adama Records, 2008)
* "90`s Hangover" - Welcome to Umpo (Jolly Fill Records, 2008)
* "Fennomaniacs Delight" - Organic Circuitry (www.ektoplazm.com, 2008)
* "Ugro Shamanistic Movez" - Shamanisma (Spacebaby Records, 2008)
* "Don´t Dust My Cosmos" - Humants (Sanaton Records, 2008)
* "Who Makes" - Hectic Dialect (Adama Records, 2009)
* "Psychoactivitiez" - "Long Space Distortion" (Apoxina Records, 2009)
* "Rouhe-Eemelin Retket" - "L.S.D." (Apoxina Records, 2009)
* "Back to Past" - "L.S.D." (Apoxina Records, 2009)
* "Take It Acid Is" - "Energies Around" (Mind Expansion Records, 2009)
* "Hehkulandia" - "Idiosynth Trickery" (Faerie Dragon Records, 2010)
* "Boozy`s Funky Odeur" - "Idiosynth Trickery" (Faerie Dragon Records, 2010)
* "Headbanger`s Wall" - "Tales from the Twilight" (Psytraveller Crew, 2011)
* Corelectronics - Casual Freaks (compiled by DJ Unitone, Sunstation Records, 2012)
* Fennougric Tragedy (Adelic Records, 2019)
# Eraser Cut

Eraser Cut is an EP by the Creatures, consisting of singer Siouxsie Sioux and drummer Budgie formerly of Siouxsie and the Banshees. It contains four unreleased songs taken from the Anima Animus recording sessions which took place in 1995–1996. This EP was later included on the compilation U.S. Retrace.
After the last Banshees tour, the Creatures reconvened in autumn 1995. In April 1996, when the Banshees officially called it a day, Siouxsie and Budgie announced that the Creatures were now their full-time effort. This EP was the first release of the Creatures since 1989's Boomerang. Eraser Cut was released in August 1998 on both 10-inch vinyl and CD. Prior to that, a stand-alone single "Sad Cunt" had been issued in a limited edition a few months earlier in May and given away at two Creatures concerts in London.

## Track listing

All songs written and composed by Siouxsie and Budgie.
* "Pinned Down"
* "Guillotine"
* "Thank You"
* "Slipping Away"
# Erica Golemis

Erica A. Golemis is an American oncologist. She is the William Wikoff Smith Chair in Cancer Research at Fox Chase Cancer Center, as well as deputy chief science officer and co-leader of the molecular therapeutics program.

## Early life and education

Golemis was the only daughter born to parents Emanuel and Marion Golemis. Her mother graduated from the Pratt Institute in 1954 and worked as an engineer at the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Golemis completed her Bachelor of Arts degree in biology and English at Bryn Mawr College in 1983 and her PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1988. Following her PhD, she began her post-doctoral studies at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. During her time at MIT, Golemis researched retroviruses in relation to specific types of cancer before transitioning to developing protein interaction technology.

## Career

As a result of her graduate and post-doctoral work, Golemis was recruited to Fox Chase Cancer Center in 1993 to start her independent laboratory. Upon starting her laboratory, Golemis's research team were one of the first to describe the complete sequence of the NEDD9 gene and provided an initial functional analysis of NEDD9 protein. Based on this, Golemis demonstrated in 2009 that a decreased NEDD9 in living bodies also limited the appearance of aggressive metastatic breast cancer. She later built on this discovery and reported that NEDD9 also controlled the growth of progenitor cells that gives rise to tumors.
Throughout her tenure at Fox Chase, Golemis focused on improving cancer diagnosis and treatment through cell signalling pathways. As such, she was appointed the William Wikoff Smith Endowed Chair in Cancer Research in 2019. Following this promotion, Golemis was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for her work on the cell cilium. In 2020, Golemis was also appointed senior editor at eLife, an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
In 2021, Golemis oversaw a research team that found that NEDD9 was a negative regulator of a signalling pathway controlling autophagy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Later, she helped identify that the Musashi-2 protein had the potential to both identify targeted therapies for certain patients with non-small cell lung cancer and to serve as a target for the development of new therapies. In the following year, Golemis' laboratory examined 1,600 tumors with patterns of mutation in TP53 and CDKN2A in order to show that patterns of hotspot mutations in TP53 differed depending on the presence or absence of a co-occurring CDKN2A mutation.
# Erica Grow

Erica Alicia Grow-Cei (born March 15, 1980) is an American meteorologist and television reporter for WPIX Channel 11 in New York City.

## Early life and education

Erica Grow was born and raised in Bethlehem in Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley. She attended Liberty High School in Bethlehem. She graduated from Penn State with a bachelor of science degree in meteorology in 2002.

## Broadcasting career

After graduating from Penn State, Grow became a meteorologist and weather producer for KMID-TV in Midland and Odessa, Texas, writing and producing the "Weather Wise" segment. She left Midland to join the crew of WHP-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania as a meteorologist and reporter.
In 2007, Grow became a weather anchor for WPVI-TV's 6ABC Action News on Saturday and Sunday mornings in Philadelphia. She became active in education initiatives in Philadelphia area schools, and represented 6ABC at community events such as the Philadelphia Flower Show, Philadelphia Auto Show, and the 6ABC Holiday Food Drive. Grow left WPVI in 2010.
Shortly after, in 2011, she was hired to forecast, produce and anchor weather segments for WTNH-TV News 8 in New Haven, Connecticut, where she was also active in the community visiting schools with the News 8 "Mobile Weather Lab" vehicle. In 2012, Grow earned the Certified Broadcast Meteorologist (CBM) Seal of Approval from the American Meteorological Society. She left WTNH in 2012.
In September 2012, Grow worked on-air at CBS affiliate WUSA in Washington, D.C., as a meteorologist for the weekend evening newscasts. Grow left WUSA in 2015.
In September 2015, Grow became the new weekend evening meteorologist for flagship NBC station WNBC in New York City. She now is the meteorologist for WPIX (Channel 11) in New York City.

## Personal life

Grow is married to Kevin Cei, who also graduated from Penn State in meteorology.
# Schweinfurt Central Station

Schweinfurt Central Station may refer to:
* Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof, Schweinfurt's main railway station
* Schweinfurt Mitte station, a central railway station in Schweinfurt
# Scotinotylus allocotus

Scotinotylus allocotus is a species of sheet weaver found in the United States. It was described by Crawford & Edwards in 1989.
# Scott Barrett (political scientist)

Scott Barrett is a professor of natural resource economics at Columbia University. There, he holds the title of Lenfest Professor of Natural Resource Economics at the School of International and Public Affairs and The Earth Institute.
He is known for his game theoretical analysis of climate change treaties. His book on the subject Environment and Statecraft: The Strategy of Environmental Treaty Making was published in 2003. He has been involved in the discussions of the Kyoto Treaty and its comparison to the more successful Montreal Protocol. More recently, he has been publishing on the institutions set up to control the regional and global spread of infectious diseases.
His latest book, Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods, was published by Oxford University Press in September 2007. This book examines a wide range of issues, from nuclear proliferation to infectious disease pandemics, from over-fishing to peacekeeping, from asteroid defense to big science, from the standard for determining the time to international development.
Before joining Columbia University, Barrett taught at The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, the London Business School and was also affiliated with the University College London. His graduate work was at the London School of Economics.
He was elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2024.
# Scott Barrett (politician)

Scott James Barrett is an Australian politician. He was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council on 24 February 2022 to fill the casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Trevor Khan. He is a member of the National Party.

## Early life and career

Barrett was born and raised in the Central West region, and attended Sydney Church of England Grammar School. He then attended Hawkesbury Agricultural College where he completed a Bachelor Systems Agriculture and served as President of the Hawkesbury Student Union.
Barrett then worked as a presenter and reporter with ABC Radio in north-west Queensland and then served as a media adviser for federal Katter's Australia Party MP Bob Katter between 2008 and 2010. He then joined the National Party and worked as a party campaign manager in the Division of Hunter at the 2013 federal election, and as a regional co-ordinator for the party in 2014. He then worked as a policy adviser for the Baird government.
Barrett was also a charity manager and had worked overseas for charities. He was the NSW state manager for charity group GIVIT, which provided drought, flood and bushfire relief.

## Political career

Barrett ran for the National Party in the Orange by-election in 2016 but was not elected.
Following the resignation of Trevor Khan in January 2022, Barrett was selected by the National Party to fill the casual vacancy caused by Khan's resignation. He was appointed by a joint sitting of the New South Wales parliament on 24 February 2022. In March 2022, Barrett was appointed as Deputy Government Whip in the Legislative Council, serving in the role until his defeat at the 2023 election.
In September 2024 Barrett was appointed to the Legislative Council to fill the casual vacancy left by Bronnie Taylor.
# Scott's Pi

Scott's pi (named after William A Scott) is a statistic for measuring inter-rater reliability for nominal data in communication studies. Textual entities are annotated with categories by different annotators, and various measures are used to assess the extent of agreement between the annotators, one of which is Scott's pi. Since automatically annotating text is a popular problem in natural language processing, and the goal is to get the computer program that is being developed to agree with the humans in the annotations it creates, assessing the extent to which humans agree with each other is important for establishing a reasonable upper limit on computer performance.

## Introduction

Scott's pi is similar to Cohen's kappa in that they both improve on simple observed agreement by factoring in the extent of agreement that might be expected by chance. However, in each statistic, the expected agreement is calculated slightly differently. Scott's pi compares to the baseline of the annotators being not only independent but also having the same distribution of responses; Cohen's kappa compares to a baseline in which the annotators are assumed to be independent but to have their own, different distributions of responses. Thus, Scott's pi measures disagreements between the annotators relative to the level of agreement expected due to pure random chance if the annotators were independent and identically distributed, whereas Cohen's kappa measures disagreements between the annotators that are above and beyond any systematic, average disagreement that the annotators might have. Indeed, Cohen's kappa explicitly ignores all systematic, average disagreement between the annotators prior to comparing the annotators. So Cohen's kappa assesses only the level of randomly varying disagreements between the annotators, not systematic, average disagreements. Scott's pi is extended to more than two annotators by Fleiss' kappa.
The equation for Scott's pi, as in Cohen's kappa, is:
    $\pi ={\frac {\Pr(a)-\Pr(e)}{1-\Pr(e)}},$
However, Pr(e) is calculated using squared "joint proportions" which are squared arithmetic means of the marginal proportions (whereas Cohen's uses squared geometric means of them).

## Worked example

Confusion matrix for two annotators, three categories {Yes, No, Maybe} and 45 items rated (90 ratings for 2 annotators):
| | Yes | No | Maybe | Marginal Sum |
| Yes | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| No | 4 | 5 | 6 | 15 |
| Maybe | 7 | 8 | 9 | 24 |
| Marginal Sum | 12 | 15 | 18 | 45 |
To calculate the expected agreement, sum marginals across annotators and divide by the total number of ratings to obtain joint proportions. Square and total these:
| | Ann1 | Ann2 | Joint Proportion | JP Squared |
| Yes | 12 | 6 | (12 + 6)/90 = 0.2 | 0.04 |
| No | 15 | 15 | (15 + 15)/90 = 0.333 | 0.111 |
| Maybe | 18 | 24 | (18 + 24)/90 = 0.467 | 0.218 |
| Total | | | | 0.369 |
To calculate observed agreement, divide the number of items on which annotators agreed by the total number of items. In this case,
    $\Pr(a)={\frac {1+5+9}{45}}=0.333.$
Given that Pr(e) = 0.369, Scott's pi is then
    $\pi ={\frac {0.333-0.369}{1-0.369}}=-0.057.$
# Scott's Grotto

Scott's Grotto in Ware, Hertfordshire, is a Grade I listed building and with six chambers the most extensive shell grotto in the United Kingdom. "It is, although on a small scale, far more complex than Alexander Pope's at Twickenham. Compared with the grotto at Stourhead, on the other hand, it is minute, but that only enhances the enchantment." The surrounding gardens and structures are Grade II* listed.
The grotto is set into the northeast face of a hill, and comprises an entrance hall and a series of six chambers extending over 65 feet (20 m) into and 30 feet (9.1 m) below the chalk hillside, together with air shafts, light wells and connecting passages. The chambers are decorated with shells, stones such as flint and fossils, and coloured glass. A plan drawn in 1900 calls the six chambers the "Council Chamber" (a circular chamber 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter to the right of the entrance, with a domed roof light), and smaller chambers to the left of the entrance are named the "Committee Room No 2" (a square chamber with niches) and the "Refreshments Room"; on the centreline, connected by an air shaft, are the "Consulting Room", the "Committee Room", and the "Robing Room".
The grotto was formerly in the garden of Amwell House. Its construction may have taken several years and was completed by John Scott, an 18th-century Quaker poet who inherited Amwell House from his father in 1768. Scott also had other romantic features built in his garden, including an octagonal gazebo on the hillside above. Scott kept a book which lists 3,000 visitors from 1779 to 1787. Samuel Johnson visited in 1773, describing it as a "fairy hall".
The house and garden were inherited by Scott's daughter Marie. The nearby Scotts Road was built after she died in 1863 and the land was acquired by British Land for development. The grotto was opened to visiting tourists in the 19th century, and become a listed building in 1950. Modern houses were built on Scotts Road in the 1960s and 1970s; originally the builders intended to demolish the grotto to build houses, but the local council intervened and the grotto was left in a patch of open ground.
The grotto was acquired by East Hertfordshire District Council in 1974, and was restored in 1990–91 by the Ware Society. The works included a reconstruction of the entrance hall that had been demolished in 1960: a small fragment of the demolished Berlin Wall was inserted in the entrance hall as a time marker. The architect for the restoration was James Howley and the project manager David Perman, Hon. Secretary of the Ware Society.
The grotto and gardens are now owned and managed by the Scott's Grotto Trust, Charity Number 1180709.
# Battling Billson

Battling Billson is a 1923 short stories character by P. G. Wodehouse. He is featured in the following short stories:
* The Debut of Battling Billson
* The Return of Battling Billson
* The Exit of Battling Billson
* The Come-back of Battling Billson
Billson is a semi-professional pugilist. He is very large, very strong, usually friendly and obliging, and very stupid. He is devoted to his fiancée Flossie. He has flaming red hair.
All four stories feature Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge, the charismatic but unlucky man-about-town who always has a get-rich-quick scheme. In these stories, the schemes involve betting on, or rigging, Battling Billson's fights.
Billson is mentioned in Wodehouse's 1957 novel Something Fishy. He is now married to Flossie, whose brother Augustus Keggs is one of the main characters in the novel.