OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gardner Quincy Colton

Gardner Quincy Colton (February 7, 1814, Georgia, Vermont – August 10, 1898, Geneva, Switzerland) was an American showman, medicine man, lecturer, and former medical student who pioneered the use of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas, in dentistry.
After making $535 from his first public demonstration of nitrous oxide, Colton left medical school to travel the country giving lectures and presentations. On December 10, 1844, he gave a performance in Hartford, Connecticut, at which one of his audience volunteers injured his leg, but did not feel the pain because of the effects of the gas. Connecticut dentist Horace Wells was in attendance, realized the possibilities of using nitrous oxide in dental surgery, and obtained a supply of the gas from Colton.
In 1849, Gardner Colton went to California, where his brother Walter Colton was the Alcalde of Monterey, to join the California Gold Rush. He was unsuccessful in finding gold, and returned to the East. In partnership with two dentists, he set up the Colton Dental Association, which promoted the use of nitrous oxide in dental procedures and became a thriving business. Between 1864 and 1897, Colton and his associates used nitrous oxide in tens of thousands of tooth extractions.
# The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wisconsin

"none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see WP:SDNONE
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wisconsin refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Wisconsin. The official church membership as a percentage of general population was 0.44% in 2014. According to the 2014 Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey, less than 1% of Wisconsinites self-identify themselves most closely with the LDS Church. The LDS Church is the 10th largest denomination in Wisconsin.

## History

After the LDS Church left nearby Nauvoo, Illinois in 1844 for the West, missionary efforts resumed in the state in 1878, with a congregation formed in 1899, and a chapel built in 1907.
James Strang, a man who had been baptized four months before the martyrdom of Joseph Smith, had stepped forward to become the new leader of the LDS Church, but was subsequently excommunicated and later established a new church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite), with followers who gathered to Voree, Wisconsin.
On April 16, 1899, the Milwaukee Branch, the first formal organization of the LDS Church in the city, was founded in Wisconsin.
In 2012, the LDS Church presence in Wisconsin was 24,386 members, about 0.4 percent of the state population.

## Stakes

As of January 2024, the following stakes ware located in Wisconsin:
| Stake | Organized | Mission | Temple District |
| Appleton Wisconsin | 11 May 1986 | Wisconsin Milwaukee | Chicago Illinois |
| Cedar Rapids Iowa* | 29 May 1966 | Iowa Iowa City | Nauvoo Illinois |
| Duluth Minnesota* | 9 May 1993 | Minnesota Minneapolis | St. Paul Minnesota |
| Green Bay Wisconsin | 23 Mar 1997 | Wisconsin Milwaukee | Chicago Illinois |
| Madison Wisconsin | 24 Aug 1973 | Wisconsin Milwaukee | Chicago Illinois |
| Milwaukee Wisconsin North | 14 Apr 2002 | Wisconsin Milwaukee | Chicago Illinois |
| Milwaukee Wisconsin South | 3 Feb 1963 | Wisconsin Milwaukee | Chicago Illinois |
| Oakdale Minnesota* | 4 Feb 2001 | Minnesota Minneapolis | St. Paul Minnesota |
| Rochester Minnesota* | 3 Feb 1963 | Minnesota Minneapolis | St. Paul Minnesota |
| Wausau Wisconsin | 3 Nov 1996 | Wisconsin Milwaukee | Chicago Illinois |
* *Stakes outside of state with congregations in Wisconsin

## Mission

* Wisconsin Milwaukee Mission

## Temples

Wisconsin is located within the Chicago Illinois and St. Paul Minnesota temple districts.
On 6 October 2024, church president Russell M Nelson announced the Milwaukee Wisconsin Temple, the first in the state.
| 365. Milwaukee Wisconsin Temple (Announced) Official website News & images | 365. Milwaukee Wisconsin Temple (Announced) Official website News & images | |
| Location: Announced: Notes: | Milwaukee 6 October 2024 by Russell M. Nelson {{{notes}}} | Milwaukee 6 October 2024 by Russell M. Nelson {{{notes}}} |
# History of Cinema Museum

The History of Cinema Museum (formerly the Dubai Moving Image Museum) is a museum in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
The museum has a permanent exhibition focusing on prehistory of cinema. It was inaugurated by Sheikh Majid bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Chairman of Dubai Culture and Arts Authority, on January 14, 2014. The museum showcases Akram Miknas's collection, on collaboration with Pierre Patau. The History of Cinema Museum covers the development and the evolution of visual entertainment through a collection of more than 300 antique items such as early animation devices (praxinoscope, zoetrope, mutoscope, etc.).

## Gallery

* A Dutch Peepbox from the middle of the 18th century exhibited at the History of Cinema Museum.
* Professional Magic Lanterns displayed at the History of Cinema Museum.
* Kayserpanorama within the History of Cinema Museum.
* The "Vues d'Optiques" displayed on the wall of the History of Cinema Museum.
* A rare Gaumont Mutoscope from 1897 and the Flicker Toys section in the History of Cinema Museum.
* The Shadows Theaters and Puppets inside the History of Cinema Museum.
* The important Stereoscopy section at the History of Cinema Museum.
* Italian Megalethoscope from the middle of the 19th century displayed at the History of Cinema Museum.
* A very rare piece: the "Indian" Mutoscope, at the History of Cinema Museum.
# Game time card

A game time card (GTC, also called game time code) generally refers to a type of voucher that allows a player subscription time to a certain online video game, usually a massively multiplayer online role playing game (MMORPG). These are an alternative to the normal subscription method of cyclical billing that most games offer. The game time card is usually comparable in cost and exchangeable as a gift.
The term now often simply refers to any one-use code for an online game. Some other uses include upgraded subscription cards, new account codes, and codes that can be redeemed for in-game currency. Some video game companies allow players to spend the purchased game time on any title in their collection, or divide it among multiple games.
EVE Online allows players to buy game time cards with in-game currency, letting players who cannot afford subscriptions to buy their game time from others who want to quickly gain in-game currency.
# Game viewer vehicle

A game viewer vehicle, game viewing vehicle or safari vehicle is an off-road vehicle that is converted or modified to carry many people, seated in positions in which they can view game in game reserves. These vehicles are usually open and do not have roofs, to improve visibility and keep obstructions out of the way. These vehicles are usually four wheel drive and have a load area on the back, which when converted will house the seats.
There are many companies that make these modifications, they are either bought vehicles that have been taken to a conversion company or they are bought by the company, converted, then sold. Some vehicle manufacturers sell these vehicles ready-made.
These vehicles are usually only seen in countries where there are game reserves, usually in East and Southern Africa. Common variations of vehicles converted for game viewers are the Land Rover Defender, Toyota LandCruiser 70 Series and other common off-road vehicles. These are the ideal vehicles as they are made to carry 9 passengers besides the ranger. This allows interaction and personalized attention during a game drive. The larger game lodges in the public game reserves like the Kruger National Park and Pilanesberg National Park in South Africa operate modified trucks which can seat 25 passengers.

## Electric safari vehicles

Safari companies began introducing electric safari vehicles some time in the mid 2010s. There is some discrepancy on which company and country first introduced an EV for safaris, but many high-end lodges have switched to exclusively using solar-powered vehicles, including boats. In addition to Land Rover and Toyota, Rivian manufactures EV for safaris. The lack of engine noise increases stealth and reduces local noise and air pollution.
# Gamebike

A gamebike is an interactive fitness bike that requires the user to exercise in order to play their video games. The user must pedal the bike in order for the character to accelerate and must turn the handlebars to steer. The game bike allows users to control the character in their game while getting exercise.

## History

Game Bike is the name of an interactive fitness device first invented and patented by Edward H. (Ted) Parks, M.D. in 2000. Dr. Parks sold the rights to his patent to Cateye Co Ltd, a Japanese company with expertise in electronic bicycle accessories, such as bike lights and speedometers. Cateye's initial embodiment of Parks' design used a traditional bicycle attached to what they referred to as their GB100 system. The front tire was placed into a turn style platform that was used to read direction. Sensors were placed of the rear wheel which was mounted in a bicycle trainer to measure the speed. Cateye Co Ltd. first started production of the Game Bike in the GB100 form.
The project was then handled by a group in New Jersey that redesigned the product to be a single package incorporated into a stand-alone indoor exercise bike. The GB200 was born. An immediate need for a commercial version was soon covered by the introduction of the popular GB-300 Game Bike.
Late in 2008, Cateye Co Ltd. stopped all international distribution of the fitness line. Game Bike Production was then done by Source Distributors Inc. out of Dallas, Texas. Source Distributors produced the bike and made modifications to the unit to improve the controller serviceability. The Game Bike is a popular product within the school and YMCA markets. Thousands of bikes were sold in since the start of 2003.
Game Bike is now owned by Hudson Fitness LLC. Game Bike is currently available and Hudson Fitness LLC continues supporting the Game Bike service.

## Compatible titles

Compatible titles include: Any speed-based video game for PS2/PS3/Game Cube/Xbox
# Historic Centre of Florence

The historic centre of Florence is part of quartiere 1 of the Italian city of Florence. This quarter was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982.
Built on the site of an Etruscan settlement, Florence, the symbol of the Renaissance, rose to economic and cultural pre-eminence under the Medici in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its 600 years of extraordinary artistic activity can be seen above all in the 13th-century cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Church of Santa Croce, the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace, the work of great masters such as Giotto, Filippo Brunelleschi, Sandro Botticelli and Michelangelo.

## Aspect

Closed inside the avenues traced on the old medieval walls, the historic centre of Florence collects the city's most important cultural heritage sites. Delimited by the 14th century wall circuit, built thanks to the economic and commercial power reached at the time, knew its maximum splendor in the following two centuries.
Spiritual center of the city is Piazza del Duomo with the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, flanked by Giotto's Campanile and facing the Baptistry of Saint John with the 'Gates of Paradise' by Lorenzo Ghiberti. From here to the north there are the Palazzo Medici Riccardi by Michelozzo, the Basilica of Saint Lawrence by Filippo Brunelleschi, with the precious sacristies of Donatello and Michelangelo. Furthermore, the Museum of San Marco with masterpieces by Fra Angelico, the Accademia Gallery which houses among other works the David by Michelangelo (1501–1504), and the Piazza della Santissima Annunziata with the Loggia of the Innocenti by Filippo Brunelleschi.
Heading south from the Duomo there is the political and cultural center of Florence with Palazzo Vecchio and the Uffizi Gallery nearby, near which are the Bargello Museum and the Basilica of the Holy Cross. Crossing the Ponte Vecchio we arrive at the Oltrarno district with the Pitti Palace and the Boboli Gardens. Still in Oltrarno, there are the Basilica of the Holy Spirit by Filippo Brunelleschi and the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine, with frescoes by Masolino, Masaccio and Filippino Lippi.
In the area west of the Duomo is situated the imposing palace Palazzo Strozzi (home of major exhibitions and cultural institutions) and the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, with the facade designed by Leon Battista Alberti.
The old town can be appreciated in its entirety from the surrounding hills, especially from Forte Belvedere, from the Piazzale Michelangelo with the Romanesque Basilica of San Miniato al Monte and the hills of Fiesole, which offers one of the most beautiful views of the Arno valley.
The northern part of the old town is surrounded by the avenues of Viali di Circonvallazione, a series of large six-lane avenues inspired by Parisian boulevard created when Florence was the capital of Italy.
The center of Florence, with its hundreds of business activities is a paradise for shopping and entertainment: elegant boutiques, historic cafes, the lively street markets, as well as hosting numerous nightclubs, discos, American-bar and meeting places for a drink (the famous Negroni cocktail was born here).
# Garra chakpiensis

Garra chakpiensis is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Garra endemic to the Chindwin River Basin in India.
# Garra kemali

Garra kemali is a species of cyprinid fish, which is found only in Turkey, in swamps and freshwater lakes. It is threatened by a habitat loss.
Previously considered as Hemigrammocapoeta kemali, molecular data have indicated that the species should belong to the genus Garra.
# Histories

Histories or, in Latin, Historiae may refer to:
* the plural of history
* Histories (Herodotus), by Herodotus
* The Histories, by Timaeus
* The Histories (Polybius), by Polybius
* Histories by Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), of which only fragments survive
* Histories (Tacitus), by Tacitus
* Shakespeare's histories which define the theatrical genre History (theatrical genre)
Histories may also refer to:
* History of novels, an early term for the then emerging novel
* "Histories" (House), 10th episode in season 1 of House TV series
* Horrible Histories, a series of children's books written by Terry Deary
* Historians, those who write down an historical non-fiction
* Histories (journal), a journal published by MDPI.
# Hitchhiker's thumb

Hitchhiker's thumb, also known as distal hyperextensibility of the thumb, is the condition of having a thumb that has a distal phalange that bends backwards in an angle of 90°. This condition is benign (when isolated) and does not cause pain or affect the thumb with the trait negatively.
If a person has the genes for this condition, it might present bilaterally, unilaterally, or on none of the thumbs.

## Signs and symptoms

Symptoms vary among people with hitchhiker's thumbs, those who have it as an isolated trait are not affected by any symptoms, however, this trait is sometimes a symptom of other conditions, such as a hypermobility spectrum disorder.
The signs of this trait are having a thumb with a distal phalange that is able to bend backwards beyond the normal range of motion. Some people with hitchhiker's thumb also have a Z-shaped deformity, named after the appearance of this deformity, which is that of the letter Z.

## Causes

The exact cause of isolated hitchhiker's thumb is not known, it is thought to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
However, this trait is often a symptom of an underlying condition, such as
* Diastrophic dysplasia
* Hypermobility spectrum disorder
* Rheumatoid arthritis

## Treatment

It does not need treatment.

## Incidence

Hitchhiker's thumbs affect 24–36% of the U.S. population.
# The Decurion Corporation

The Decurion Corporation was an American corporation with headquarters in Los Angeles, California. It was the parent company of Pacific Theatres and ArcLight Hollywood.
The Decurion Corporation is one of the three organizations studied throughout the book An Everyone Culture: Becoming a Deliberately Developmental Organization.
On April 12, 2021, its subsidiaries, Pacific Theatres and Arclight Cinemas announced they would not be reopening any of their theater locations after being closed since March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and said in a statement to the Los Angeles Times that, “After shutting our doors more than a year ago, today we must share the difficult and sad news that Pacific will not be reopening its ArcLight Cinemas and Pacific Theatres locations,” Pacific Theatres said in a statement. “This was not the outcome anyone wanted, but despite a huge effort that exhausted all potential options, the company does not have a viable way forward.”
Although the majority of Pacific's theatres were purchased by AMC Theatres and Regal Entertainment, Decurion retained ownership of the Cinerama Dome and ArcLight Hollywood location. In 2022, it was announced that Decurion intended to reopen both theatres again after remodeling work was completed. At the present time, they have announced that they are aiming for a 2025 reopening, after having several other opening dates get pushed back.
# History (Dune album)

History (The Very Best Of Dune) is a compilation album by German band Dune. It was released in October 2000 on the label Orbit Records. It includes the new single "Hardcore Vibes 2000" featuring Trubblemaker. As an extra bonus this album exclusively contains the first Dune computer game Keep The Secret. The tracks Back To The Future, Here I Am and Space Invaders were from the cancelled album Reunion.

## Track listing

* "Hardcore Vibes 2000" – 3:16
* "Are You Ready To Fly (Radio Edit)" – 3:32
* "Can't Stop Raving (Video Mix)" – 3:34
* "Rainbow to the Stars (Video Mix)" – 3:27
* "Hand in Hand (Video Mix)" – 3:45
* "Million Miles from Home" – 3:58
* "Who Wants to Live Forever (Komakino Remix Cut)" – 4:39
* "Nothing Compares 2 U (Beam & Yanou Radio Cut)" – 3:44
* "Keep The Secret (Radio Edit)" – 3:26
* "Electric Heaven (Kay Cee Remix Cut)" – 4:24
* "Dark Side Of The Moon (Video Mix)" – 3:16
* "Back To The Future" – 3:48
* "Here I Am" – 3:58
* "Space Invaders" – 4:14
# Hit-Girl (disambiguation)

Hit-Girl is a fictional character.
Hit-Girl, Hit Girl, or Hitgirl may also refer to:
* Hit-Girl (comic book), a comic with the above character as the main character
* "Hit Girl" (song), a 2007 single by Sébastien Léger
* Hit Girls, a 2013 Australian martial arts action comedy short film
* Hitgirl, a film with Sophie Alexander
* Hitgirl, a 2022 collaboration album with Dreezy and Hit-Boy
# The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000

There are two pieces of legislature in the United States that have this name. One is H.R. 4920, which was passed by the House on July 26, 2000 but subsequently died in the Senate.
The other is S. 1809, which was signed by President Clinton on Oct 30, 2000. This act has become Public Law 106-402. This legislation is currently being executed and monitored by the Administration on Developmental Disabilities.
The full title of each of these bills: "To improve service systems for individuals with developmental disabilities, and for other purposes"
# The Exchange

The Exchange may refer to:

## Buildings
### England

* The Exchange, Birmingham, former building in Birmingham
* The Exchange, Bristol, a historic building
* The Exchange, Twickenham, a theatre and arts venue in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
* Exchange Arcade, the commercial section of the Nottingham Council House
* The Exchange, a sister venue of the Hazlitt Theatre in Kent, England
* The Exchange, a building project in Croydon, a neighborhood in south London
* The Exchange, a contemporary art gallery in Penzance, Cornwall

### Elsewhere

* The Exchange (La Plata, Maryland)
* The Exchange, a shopping mall owned by CapitaLand in Tianjin, China
* The Exchange TRX, a shopping mall complex in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

## Arts and entertainment

* The Exchange (Trifonov novel), a 1969 novella by Yuri Trifonov
* The Exchange: After The Firm, a 2023 novel by John Grisham
* The Exchange, a non-fiction book by Allan Levine
* The Exchange (1952 film), a West German comedy film
* The Exchange (2011 film), an Israeli film
* The Exchange (2021 film), a comedy-drama film
* The Exchange (band), an a cappella band from the US
* The Exchange (TV series), a Canadian financial news television program
* The Exchange, a recording studio in London where several Depeche Mode albums, including Ultra, were recorded

## Other uses

* Army and Air Force Exchange Service
* The Exchange (Canada), an interbank ATM network
* The exchange (chess), an occurrence in the game of chess
# The Extremists

The Extremists may refer to:
* Extremists (comics), a team of supervillains in DC Comics Justice League titles
* The Extremists (play), a 2009 play by C.J. Hopkins
* The Extremists (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling tag team
# The Devil on a Bench in Stanley Park

The Devil on a Bench in Stanley Park is the second album by Canadian alt-country singer-songwriter Justin Rutledge, released on October 2, 2006, on Six Shooter Records. Recorded at a number of studios in Toronto, the album was produced by David Baxter and Justin Rutledge.
The album's positive critical reception prompted NOW magazine to name Rutledge as Toronto singer-songwriter of the year in 2006.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Justin Rutledge
# Gardnerina

Gardnerina is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
There is only one known species, Gardnerina angustata, endemic to the State of Goiás in Brazil.
# Gardneria

Gardneria is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loganiaceae.
Its native range is Himalaya to Japan and Java. It is found in the regions of Assam, Bangladesh, China, Eastern Himalaya, India, Japan, Jawa, Korea, Malaya, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam and Western Himalaya.
The genus name of Gardneria is in honour of Edward Gardner (1784–1861), English colonial administrator at the court of the raja of Nepal, and it was first described and published in W.Roxburgh's Flora Indica Vol.1 on page 400 in 1820.
Known species:
* Gardneria angustifolia Wall.
* Gardneria lanceolata Rehder & E.H.Wilson
* Gardneria multiflora Makino
* Gardneria nutans Siebold & Zucc.
* Gardneria ovata Wall.