OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Garðar Örn Hinriksson

Garðar Örn Hinriksson (born 10 December 1971) is an Icelandic former football referee. He was a FIFA listed referee from 2004 to 2009. He was named the Úrvalsdeild karla Referee of the Year in 2004, 2006 and 2007.
In 1996 he earned the nickname The Red Baron after he gave five players and one coach the red card in a 2. deild karla match between Dalvík and Grótta. As a result, the match was abandoned due to Grótta having too few players left on the pitch. On June 9, 2008, he handed out five red cards in a Úrvalsdeild karla match between Grindavík and Fram. After handing out only one red card during the 2007, he set a league record on June 30, 2008 when he handed out his 9th red card to a player on the season.
Garðar retired from refereeing in May 2016. Shortly after, he was diagnosed with the Parkinson's disease.

## Honours

* Úrvalsdeild karla Referee of the Year (3): 2004, 2006, 2007
# Refuge des lacs Merlet

Refuge des lacs Merlet is a refuge in the Alps.
45°21′14″N 6°39′25″E﻿ / ﻿45.35389°N 6.65694°E﻿ / 45.35389; 6.65694
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# Refuge de la Traie

Refuge de la Traye or Traie is a refuge in the Alps.
45°25′41″N 6°31′55″E﻿ / ﻿45.42806°N 6.53194°E﻿ / 45.42806; 6.53194Created in 1982, it closes to the autumn of 2017; it is completely renovated and extended in 2019 to accommodate the first high-end refuge in the French Alps.
Website
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# Allan Knee

Allan Knee is an American film and television writer and playwright who authored the following:

## Stage

* Little Women (Broadway musical) (2005)
* The Man Who was Peter Pan (42nd Street Workshop 'Off-Broadway. (March 1998)
* Late Nite Comic (Broadway) (1987)
* Santa Anita '42 (Off-Broadway) (1974)

## Film/TV

* Esther's Diary (2010), a Holocaust film directed by Mariusz Kotowski
* Finding Neverland (2004) (screenplay by David Magee was based on Knee's play, The Man Who Was Peter Pan)
* The Scarlet Letter (1979) (mini-series)
# Reinventing Fire

Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era is a 2011 book, by Amory B. Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute, that explores converting the United States to almost total reliance on renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Lovins says that renewable energy is already cheaper than fossil fuels and his analysis predicts further reductions in renewable energy prices.
Reinventing Fire was launched at the Washington National Geographic Society, in October 2011. Bill Clinton says the book is a “wise, detailed and comprehensive blueprint.” The book has forewords by Marvin Odum, from Shell Oil, and John W. Rowe, CEO of Exelon. The first paragraph of the preface says:
   Imagine fuel without fear. No climate change. No oil spills, dead coal miners, dirty air, devastated lands, lost wildlife. No energy poverty. No oil-fed wars, tyrannies, or terrorists. Nothing to run out. Nothing to cut off. Nothing to worry about. Just energy abundance, benign and affordable, for all, for ever.
Fen Montaigne in The Guardian has said that the book is impressive in both its scope and detail:
   Lovins discusses everything from how to redesign heavy trucks to make them more fuel efficient to ways to change factory pipes to conserve energy — the book lays out a plan for the U.S. to achieve the following by 2050: cars completely powered by hydrogen fuel cells, electricity, and biofuels; 84 percent of trucks and airplanes running on biomass fuels; 80 percent of the nation's electricity produced by renewable power; $5 trillion in savings; and an economy that has grown by 158 percent.
By combining reduced energy use with energy efficiency gains, Lovins says that there will be a $5 trillion saving over the next 40 years and a faster-growing economy. This can all be done, the book jacket says, without "new federal taxes, subsidies, mandates, or laws. The policy innovations needed to unlock and speed it need no act of Congress." The profitable commercialization of existing energy-saving technologies, through market forces, can be led by business.
# Allan Rayman

Allan Rayman is a singer/songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is signed to Communion Music and has released six albums: Hotel Allan (2016), Roadhouse 01 (2017), Harry Hard-on (2018), Christian (2020), Roadhouse 02 (2022), and The All Allan Hour (2024), as well as many EPs, including Courtney (2017) and Verona's Mixtape (2020).
He promoted the release of Roadhouse 01 with performances for CBC Music's First Play Live Sessions on January 24, 2017, and Billboard's Live Sessions on February 23, 2017.
He received a Juno Award nomination for Breakthrough Artist of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2018.

## Discography
### Albums

* Hotel Allan (2016)
* Roadhouse 01 (2017)
* Harry Hard-on (2018)
* Christian (2020)
* Roadhouse 02 (2022)
* The All Allan Hour (2024)

### EPs

* Courtney (2017)
* Verona's Mixtape (2020)
* Books / Waste My Time (2021)
* Rider & Frank Unplugged (2023)
* Chapter 1 (2024)

### Live albums

* Unplugged at CBC (2017)
* Live in Minneapolis 12/11/19 (2020)
* Verona Unplugged (2020)

### Non-album and non-EP singles

* "All At Once" (2016)
* "Much Too Much" (2016)
* "Poison" (2019)
* "Pretty Bug (feat. James Vincent McMorrow)" (2020)
* "The Bird & the Cage" (2021)
* "Lyla Emily" (2021)
# Allium hollandicum

Allium hollandicum, the Persian onion or Dutch garlic, is a species of flowering plant native to Iran and Kyrgyzstan but widely cultivated as an ornamental because of its umbels of attractive purple flowers. It is reportedly naturalized in Saint Louis County, Minnesota.
Allium hollandicum is a bulb-forming perennial with scapes up to 90 cm (35 in) tall. It has long, flat, strap-shaped leaves up to 60 cm (24 in) long. Umbels are relatively small and spherical, up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter, composed of many purple to reddish-purple star-shaped flowers appearing in late spring and early summer.
The popular cultivar 'Purple Sensation' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It prefers moist, fertile soil in full sun.
# Alleghany Springs, Virginia

Alleghany Springs is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States. Alleghany Springs is located along State Route 637 7.9 miles (12.7 km) east of Christiansburg.
Alleghany Springs contained a post office from 1854 until the 1940s. The Alleghany Springs Springhouse and William Barnett House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Renato Birolli

Renato Birolli (10 December 1905 – 3 May 1959) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

Birolli was born at Verona to a family of industrial workers. In 1923 he moved to Milan where he formed an avant-gardist group with artists such as Renato Guttuso, Giacomo Manzù and Aligi Sassu. In 1937 he was a member of the artistical movement Corrente di Vita. In the same year, he was arrested by the Fascist government for opposing the regime. He subsequently cast painting aside to devote himself to supporting Communist causes and, later, the partisan resistance.
After World War II, in 1947, Birolli moved to Paris. Here his painting style changed under the influence of Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso, moving first to a post-Cubist position and then to a somehow abstract form of lyrism.
He died suddenly in Milan in 1959.
His son Zeno Birolli (1939–2014) was an art critic and historian.
# Renato Bitossi

Renato Bitossi (31 March 1899 – 5 October 1969) was an Italian trade unionist and communist activist.
Born in Florence, Bitossi became an engineering worker and joined the Italian Federation of Metallurgical Workers (FIOM). He was conscripted into the army in 1917, but was demobilised in 1919 and returned to the factory. He was elected to the local executive of the union, and was a leading figure in the factory occupations of 1920.
Bitossi was a founding member of the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I), and was elected to the executive of its Florence branch, but in 1924 repeated attacks by Fascists led him to move to Lyon. There, he organised politically among other Italian immigrants, and was co-organiser of the PCd'I conference in the city in 1926. In 1927, he secretly moved to Milan to work for the party's executive, but he was arrested and imprisoned until 1932.
On release, Bitossi returned to communist activism, this time in Tuscany and Emilia, but he was again arrested in 1934 and confined to Ponza. He organised lectures there, and was not released until 1943. He then returned to Florence and organised armed resistance to the Fascists, and spent a brief period as deputy mayor of the city. He was also elected as chair of the city's Chamber of Labour, and to the executive of the new Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL).
In 1946, Bitossi was appointed as deputy secretary of CGIL, and moved to Rome; he was also elected to the central committee of the PCd'I. In 1947, he was elected as joint general secretary of CGIL, in which role he argued for centralised wage bargaining. He served as a senator from 1948 until 1968, and from 1961 was the president of the World Federation of Trade Unions.
# Alibi-ya

An alibi-ya (アリバイ屋, aribai ya) is a kind of business in Japan that creates an identity viewed as socially respectable for peoples involved in occupations viewed as shameful, typically identities for women involved in the sex industry. The fictitious identity is created to conceal the person's actual from her family and potential spouses. Services provided by alibi-ya range from simply a phone answering service at a non-existent employer to arrangements for a boss to give a speech at the client's wedding praising her work at the non-existent company. Though the business is not illegal of itself, alibi-ya came to attention in 2011 when fake documents issued by an alibi-ya were used to illegally obtain bank loans.

## Etymology

"Alibi-ya" is a combination of the English world "alibi" and the Japanese "ya", meaning "shop" or "seller". It is also written in Japanese as aribai-gaisha (アリバイ会社), meaning "alibi company".
# Alibi (1955 film)

Alibi is a 1955 West German crime drama film directed by Alfred Weidenmann and starring O.E. Hasse, Martin Held and Hardy Krüger. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin and on location in Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Rolf Zehetbauer.

## Synopsis

A hotshot newspaper reporter is summoned for jury service. Young Harald Meinhardt is charged with killing Frau Overbeck, the wife of a very successful scientist, with whom he was having an affair. The journalist Peter Hansen is the only member of the jury to vote against Meinhardt's conviction. He launches a newspaper campaign to demonstrate his innocence, and sets out to identify the real killer.

## Cast

* O.E. Hasse as Peter Hansen
* Martin Held as Dr. Kurt Overbeck
* Hardy Krüger as Harald Meinhardt
* Eva Ingeborg Scholz as Inge Römer
* Gisela von Collande as Frau Hansen
* Charles Regnier as Dietmar, Chef vom Dienst
* Peer Schmidt as Benjamin Roland
* Ernst Waldow a sKriminalkommissar Lukkas
* Siegfried Schürenberg as Vorsitzender des Gerichts
* Helga Roloff as Fräulein Dr. Klausen
* Jan Hendriks as Berthold
* Almut Rothweiler as Frau Overbeck
* Franz Essel as Staatsanwalt
* Hermann Holve as Verteidiger
* Hans-Albert Martens as Strafverteidiger
* Helmuth Rudolph as Chefredakteur von Pleskau
* Walter Werner as Vater Meinhardt
* Maria Sebaldt as Fräulein Krüger, Moderedakteurin
* Maly Delschaft as Frau Wilke
* Alexa von Porembsky as Hausangestellte Maria
* Arno Paulsen as Taxifahrer
* Walter Tarrach as Dr. Fischer
* Alexander Hunzinger as Ausrufer
* Fany Spornitz as Frau Dr. Brandt
* Alfred Maack as Kaufmann Beermann
* Ludwig Linkmann as Lokalredakteur Becker
# Allocation de solidarité aux personnes âgées

The Allocation de solidarité aux personnes âgées (solidarity allowance for the elderly) (ASPA) is a French state pension for elderly people, whether former employees or not, on low incomes. It replaced the multiple components of the minimum pension (Minimum Vieillesse) from 1 January 2006. Existing recipients of the minimum pension are not automatically transferred to the ASPA, but may do so on request.
In its 2012 annual report, the Service d'Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Âgées (SASPA), managed by the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, counted 70,827 recipients of the ASPA on 31 December 2012 (against 71,490 in 2011).

## Eligibility

To qualify for ASPA, the recipient must live in France or French territory, and meet age and financial need criteria.

### Lawful residence in France

A French citizen must have their main residence on French territory. The allowance is suspended if the recipient moves to another country. A foreign national must also meet at least one of these conditions:
* Have held for at least 10 years a residence permit allowing them to work;
* Have refugee status;
* Be stateless;
* Be eligible for protection subsidiaire (subsidiary protection, protection granted to persons who are not classed as refugees, but who still face specific threats in their own country);
* Have fought for France;
* Be a national of a member state of the European Economic Area or of Switzerland.

### Minimum age

The recipient must be at least 65 years old, except in three special cases for which the criterion is reduced to the minimum legal age of retirement [5] :
* Be disabled by at least 50% and be recognized as permanently unfit for work;
* Be retired from work on the grounds of disability;
* Be a veteran or a prisoner of war.

### Financial need

Assets taken into account include all earnings and property, pensions and disability and the disabled adult allowance [fr] (AAH). Family benefits, the allocation of social housing, and military pensions are not taken into account [6] . The annual income limit is adjusted on 1 April each year. [8] .
In 2020, the annual income limit is €10838.40 for a single person, and €16826.64 for a couple.

## Value

The ASPA provides an income up to the annual income limit (currently €9,503.89 for a single person, and €14,755.32 for a couple), taking into account the above assets. ASPA will be upgraded in 2014 as part of French pension reforms. The single person's annual income limit is expected to be increased to €9,600 in October 2014.
The ASPA is transferable and seizable in settlement of debts.

## Recovery

ASPA is conceived of as an advance from the State rather than a grant, and payments can be reclaimed by the State after the person's death if their estate is worth more than €39,000. Reclaimed payments will not reduce the value of the estate to less than this amount. To prevent the recipient artificially reducing the value of their estate by making gifts or taking out life insurance, for example, these payments are included in the calculation of net assets.
# Almo Sounds

Almo Sounds was a record label which was started in 1994 by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss after they sold A&M Records to PolyGram. The intent for the label was to recreate the initial concept of A&M Records as a small, "boutique" label.
The label signed artists Gillian Welch, Imogen Heap, Ozomatli and Garbage and several other artists. Psychic TV did demos that were rejected for the label. Herb Alpert himself released his "Second Wind", "Passion Dance", and "Colours" albums on the label.
A Nashville division was launched in 1995. Headed by record producer Garth Fundis, it released albums by Paul Jefferson, Billy Yates, and Bekka & Billy.
The label has not released new product since 1999 and in 2000 it was sold to Universal Music Group. Commercially viable catalog albums remain available through Interscope Records, a current sister label to A&M.

## Discography

Albums
| Year | Artist | Release | Catalogue |
| 1995 | Angel Corpus Christi | White Courtesy Phone | AMSD-80000 |
| 1995 | The Rake's Progress | Altitude | AMSD-80001 |
| 1995 | Tim Wheater | Tim Wheater | AMSD-80003 |
| 1995 | Garbage | Garbage | AMSD-80004 |
| 1996 | Herb Alpert | Second Wind | AMSD-80005 |
| 1996 | Gillian Welch | Revival | AMSD-80006 |
| 1996 | Paul Jefferson | Paul Jefferson | AMSD-80007 |
| 1996 | Gus | Gus | AMSD-80008 |
| 1996 | Victor DeLorenzo | Pancake Day | AMSD-80009 |
| 1997 | Lazlo Bane | 11 Transistor | AMSD-80010 |
| 1997 | Pulsars | Pulsars | AMSD-80011 |
| 1997 | Bekka & Billy | Bekka & Billy | AMSD-80012 |
| 1997 | ManBREAK | Come and See | AMSD-80013 |
| 1997 | Herb Alpert | Passion Dance | AMDS-80014 |
| 1997 | Billy Yates | Billy Yates | AMDS-80015 |
| 1998 | Imogen Heap | iMegaphone | AMSD-80017 |
| 1998 | Garbage | Version 2.0 | AMSD-80018 |
| 1998 | The Prissteens | Scandal, Controversy & Romance | AMSD-80019 |
| 1998 | Ozomatli | Ozomatli | AMSD-80020 |
| 1998 | Gillian Welch | Hell Among the Yearlings | AMSD-80021 |
| 1999 | Bijou Phillips | I'd Rather Eat Glass | AMSD-80022 |
| 1999 | Gus | Word of Mouth Parade | AMSD-80023 |
| 1999 | Various Artists | Return of the Grievous Angel | AMSD-80024 |
| 1999 | Herb Alpert | Colors | AMSD-80025 |
EPs
| Year | Artist | Release | Catalogue |
| 1996 | Pulsars | Submission to the Master | AMSDM-88002 |
| 1996 | Lazlo Bane | Short Style | AMSDM-88003 |
# Alligator Lake (North Carolina)

Alligator Lake, also called New Lake, is a natural freshwater lake in Hyde County, North Carolina. It has a diameter of approximately 3.5 miles (5.5 kilometers), and its 6,000 acre area makes it one of the five largest natural freshwater lakes in North Carolina. Like the other freshwater lakes of North Carolina, it is quite shallow, having a maximum depth of between 6 and 7 feet. Its two outlets are Alligator River and Pungo River.

## History

It is believed that the lake formed after a ground fire created a depression by burning out pockets of peat, allowing rainwater to pool there. European settlers had discovered Alligator Lake by 1765, and Mennonites had established the community of "New Lake" on the shores of Alligator Lake by 1780. Originally inaccessible by road, the community was first connected to other towns by Squyars Canal, a small waterway which was built to connect it to the a tributary of the Alligator River after 1784. The earliest known map depicting the lake is from 1812.
The later addition of Dunbar Canal in 1823 greatly improved the town's commercial prospects, and in 1840 Walter Gwynn led the construction of a canal linking it to Pungo River. This lowered the lake's level and created an embankment that allowed for the creation of a road connecting it to Hyde County, which Alligator Lake was eventually incorporated into.
The lake has been officially called New Lake since at least 1998, but is still commonly called Alligator Lake.
Currently, 85% of its area is part of the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and the remaining 15% is privately owned. The wildlife refuge maintains a public access point.
# Reliability trial

A reliability trial is an organised bicycle ride which challenges a cyclist to complete a course, passing through designated control points, within a preset time limit. In the United Kingdom, such events are often held in the wintry opening months of the year and are used by club cyclists as training rides. A common test would be a 100 in 8 – 100 miles would have to be completed within eight hours, including any stops.
The term is historic and dates back to the early years of the 20th century when cycling equipment was less reliable, roads were rougher, routes were more poorly sign-posted, and mobile telephones had yet to be invented. The name was also a way of emphasising to the police, at a time when the place of cycle sport on British roads was insecure, that the mass rides they might see were not races.
Reliability trial riders needed to be self-sufficient, adept at navigation, able to deal with mechanical problems, and fit enough to complete the course. In some cases, successful completion of the ride entitles the rider to a certificate. Reliability trials have lost much of their popularity although they remain a regular feature for sections, or clubs, of Cycling UK. The function of reliability trials as a test of fitness, reliability and the ability to ride long distances has largely passed to the similar randonneuring or Audax styles of riding.
The term reliability trial is also used to refer to motorsport events and are similar in concept. Rather like rallying, drivers and their vehicles (or riders and their motorcycles) must complete a designated course within a set time limit, without recourse to outside help along the way.
# Reno Express

The Reno Express were a professional indoor football team in Reno, Nevada. They play their home games at the Reno Events Center during the 2019 American West Football Conference (AFC) season. They were the first professional football team to play in Reno since the Reno Barons played part of a season in 2011. The team withdrew from the AWFC 2020 season about a month prior to the start of the season, but stated they had plans to return in 2021.

## History

On October 15, 2018, the American West Football Conference (AWFC) was founded by the Idaho Horsemen and announced the Express, Tri-Cities Fire, and Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks as the inaugural members. The Express are owned by Platinum Events & Security LLC, the organization that also own the Idaho Horsemen and operates the AWFC.
Anthony Bartley was the team's first head coach, but left the team after five games and a 2–3 record. He was replaced by assistant Troy Hansen to finish the season with a 6–6 record and the third seed in the playoffs. The Express traveled to Wenatchee, Washington and defeated the Skyhawks 28–27 to advance to the first championship game against the undefeated Idaho Horsemen. Prior the championship game, the team started a GoFundMe fundraiser in order to pay for their trip to Idaho claiming a former associate had been stealing money from the organization. They made it to Boise, and lost 40–20.

## Logo change and controversy

The team's original announced logo bore a resemblance to the logo of the Round Rock Express, a Minor League Baseball team. Because the Round Rock team owned the trademarks to the logo, the Reno team was forced to change their primary logo. The team's Facebook page was updated with a temporary logo on October 15, 2018, which was ultimately scrapped in favor of their another logo in late October 2018.

## 2019 standings

Final standings.
2019 American West Football Conference :
| Team | W | L | PCT | PF | PA | GB | STK |
| y — Idaho Horsemen | 12 | 0 | 1.000 | 597 | 331 | — | W12 |
| x – Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks | 6 | 6 | .500 | 461 | 381 | 6 | W2 |
| x – Reno Express | 6 | 6 | .500 | 339 | 396 | 6 | W1 |
| Tri-Cities Fire | 0 | 12 | .000 | 303 | 592 | 12 | L12 |
y – clinched regular season title
x – clinched playoff spot

#### Playoffs

| Semifinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | 3 | Reno Express | 20 |
| 3 | Reno Express | 28 | 1 | Idaho Horsemen | 40 |
| 2 | Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks | 27 | | | |
# Alonso Andrada

Alonso Andrada (1590 – 20 June 1672) was a biographer and ascetic writer.

## Biography

Andrada was born in Toledo, Spain. Before entering the Society of Jesus (1612) he read philosophy in Toledo, was afterwards rector of Plascensia and minister in foreign countries. He died in Madrid in 1672.

## Works

Andrada is best known for continuing Nieremberg's Varones Ilustres, biographies of distinguished members of the Society of Jesus.
In his declining years, he wrote some thirty-four volumes on different subjects, including Guia de la Virtud e Imitacion de Nuestra Senora. The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia praises his style and orthodoxy, but considers him careless and overly simple.