OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Journal of Corporation Law

The Journal of Corporation Law (JCL), at the University of Iowa College of Law, is the nation's oldest student-published periodical specializing in corporate law. It published its first issue in 1975. Its current adviser is Robert T. Miller, who joined the College of Law faculty in August 2012. The journal is routinely cited by scholars, practitioners, and courts, including the United States Supreme Court.

## Membership

Students apply for membership after completing their first year of legal study. The application consists of several short assignments meant to test an applicant's writing and editing ability. Each summer, the editorial board reviews these applications and invites 30 to 35 applicants to become student writers for the following academic year.
As student writers, JCL members write a Note discussing a relevant topic in corporate law. Excellent Notes are selected for publication. In addition, student writers are expected to complete 35 secondary hours per semester. This includes time spent at authority checks or on other journal-related projects that the editorial board assigns. Student writers improve their writing and editing skills.
Each spring, members of the outgoing editorial board select the next year's board members from the pool of student writers.

## Rankings

JCL is widely regarded as one of the premier journals in its field. In a 2005 ranking of corporate law journals by the ExpressO Law Review Submission Guide, JCL was the highest ranked journal in the field on the basis of total manuscripts submitted through Express0. According to the Washington and Lee Law Journal Rankings, JCL is the fourth highest ranked corporate law journal in the country.
# Hudi Bitek

Hudi Bitek (Croatian pronunciation:) is a village on the outskirts of Zagreb, Croatia. It is administratively located in the Brezovica city district. Hudi Bitek has been an inhabited settlement since the medieval times.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 464. The population was 331 in 2001.
# Fubini

Fubini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Fubini, American business lecturer and writer
* Eugene Fubini (1913–1997), American defense official
* Guido Fubini (1879–1943), Italian mathematician
* Sergio Fubini (1928–2005), Italian theoretical physicist
It can also be used to refer to Fubini's theorem.
# Neobrownliella brownlieae

Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was described as new to science in 2011 by Sergey Kondratyuk, John Elix, and Ingvar Kärnefelt. It was originally placed in the large genus Caloplaca. The type specimen was collected above Lake Eucumbene, in New South Wales, where it was found growing on a granite boulder. The specific epithet brownlieae honours Australian botanist Sue Brownlie, who collected the type.
The species was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Neobrownliella in 2015, in which it is the type species. This segregate genus of Caloplaca is characterised by a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple (the ring-shaped layer of tissue surrounding the hymenium).

## Description

Neobrownliella brownlieae has a crustose thallus reaching a diameter of 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) wide, although neighbouring colonies can coalesce to form larger spots. Its form is areolate, with the larger areoles measuring 0.3–0.8 mm wide. Its colour ranges from dull, dirty pinkish white to pinkish orange to dull brownish orange. The apothecia are tiny, measuring 0.3–0.6 mm in diameter and typically numbering 1 to 3 per areole (some may have up to 5). They are normally rounded, unless pressure from neighbouring apothecia cause them to be distorted; in rare instances, groups of apothecia grow clustered closely together to form a compound apothecial structure. Ascospores are more or less ellipsoid in shape, contain a single septum, number 8 per ascus (rarely 7) and measure 9–14 by 7–9 μm.
Several lichen products have been detected using thin-layer chromatography. These are parietin and gyrophoric acid as major metabolites, minor amounts of lecanoric acid, xanthorin, and erythroglaucin, and minor to trace amounts of ovoic acid.

## Habitat and distribution

Neobrownliella brownlieae has been recorded from Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, and South Australia, where it grows on siliceous rock.
# Bitter, Fit Crack

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Underground | (0/3) |
Bitter, Fit Crack is the third full-length album from irreverent English punk rock band, The Macc Lads. It was released in 1987 and follows Beer & Sex & Chips n Gravy from 1985. Dave Thompson, writing for Allmusic gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, while Johnny Eager of Underground magazine gave it a zero-rating, asking "does anybody buy this shoddy dross?".

## Track listing

* All songs written by Conning, O'Neill, and Moore, unless otherwise stated
* "Barrel's Round" – 1:53
* "Guess Me Weight" – 2:46
* "Uncle Knobby" (Conning, O'Neill, Hatton) – 3:09
* "Maid of Ale" - 2:41
* "Dan's Big Log" - 2:26
* "Got to be Gordon's" - 2:02
* "Bitter, Fit Crack" – 2:12
* "Julie the Schooly" – 2:35
* "Doctor, Doctor" – 1:41
* "Torremolinos" – 2:37
* "Al O'Peesha" – 2:34
* "Feed Your Face" – 3:00

### 1993 CD issue bonus track

* "Jingle Bells"

## Credits

* Muttley McLad – vocals, bass
* The Beater – guitar
* Chorley the Hord – drums
* Recorded on March 18, 1987 at The Cottage, Macclesfield, England
* Produced and engineered by Bald Eagle
# Glendale, New Zealand

Glendale is a suburb of Wainuiomata, part of Lower Hutt city situated in the lower North Island of New Zealand.

## Demographics

Glendale statistical area covers 3.21 km$^2$ (1.24 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 4,490 as of June 2023, with a population density of 1,399 people per km$^2$.
Glendale had a population of 4,050 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 249 people (6.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 417 people (11.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,233 households, comprising 2,004 males and 2,049 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age was 31.7 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 999 people (24.7%) aged under 15 years, 909 (22.4%) aged 15 to 29, 1,779 (43.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 363 (9.0%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 63.3% European/Pākehā, 37.0% Māori, 16.8% Pasifika, 7.4% Asian, and 2.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 15.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 49.0% had no religion, 36.2% were Christian, 2.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 2.2% were Hindu, 0.7% were Muslim, 0.3% were Buddhist and 1.6% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 318 (10.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 759 (24.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $32,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 312 people (10.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,683 (55.2%) people were employed full-time, 354 (11.6%) were part-time, and 201 (6.6%) were unemployed.

## Education

Pukeatua Primary School is a state full primary (Year 1–8) school, and has 128 students as of August 2024. It was established in 2002 following the merger of Glendale School and Pencarrow School.
# RV Maurice Ewing

R/V Maurice Ewing in Piraeus Port, Greece, August 2001 :
| History ||
| Name | Bernier (1983–1988) Maurice Ewing (1988–) |
| Namesake | William Maurice "Doc" Ewing |
| Owner | Petro Canada (1983–1988) Columbia University (1988–) |
| Operator | Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory |
| Identification | IMO number: 8203153 MMSI number: 525024131 Callsign: JZJF |
| Fate | Retired 2005 |
| General characteristics ||
| Type | Research vessel |
| Tonnage | 1,976 GT |
| Length | 230 ft (70 m) |
| Speed | 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) |
| Endurance | 60 days |
RV Maurice Ewing was a research vessel operated by the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. It was retired in 2005 and replaced by RV Marcus Langseth in 2008. Although a multipurpose vessel, Maurice Ewing's notable capability was to collect multichannel seismic data.
Maurice Ewing was named for William Maurice "Doc" Ewing, geophysicist and first director of Lamont Geological Observatory (now known as Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory).
The vessel was later renamed several times: - Scan Resolution, Bergan Resolution, the Reflect Resolution, and the NORDIC BAHARI. Still to this day the vessel operates as a multi-streamer seismic research vessel.
# LTD

LTD or Ltd may refer to:

## Business and finance

* Private company limited by shares, a class of company in the UK and some Commonwealth nations
* Limited company, a class of company in several countries with limited liability
* Lifetime deal, a customer retention tactic where for a one-time payment a business provides a service or tool indefinitely (i.e. for its lifetime) without recurring charges

## Music

* LTD (album), a 1998 album by Buck-Tick
* L.T.D. (band) (for "Love, Togetherness and Devotion"), a 1970s funk music group

## Science and technology

* Linear transformer driver, which generates short high-current pulses
* Long-term depression, in physiology, an hours-long reduction in the efficacy of synapses

## Transportation

* Ford LTD (Americas), a series of vehicles produced 1965–1986
* Ford LTD (Australia), a series of vehicles produced 1973–2007
* Lane Transit District, a public transportation agency in Oregon, US

## Other uses

* LTD, a brand of guitars and basses made by ESP Guitars
* LTD Powersports, a stock car racing team
# Gelderswoude

Gelderswoude is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Zoeterwoude, and lies about 5 km northeast of Zoetermeer.
The statistical area "Gelderswoude", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 90.
# Ess na Larach

Ess na Larach is a waterfall in Glenariff Forest Park, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies along Glenariff River.
# George Plaisted Sanderson

George Plaisted Sanderson (November 22, 1836 – June 10, 1915) was a Massachusetts politician who served as the 17th Mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts. Sanderson was born in Gardiner, Maine to Aaron Sanderson He died in 1915.
# Henry Woodthorpe

Henry Woodthorpe may refer to:
* Henry Woodthorpe Jr. (1780–1842), Town Clerk of London
* Henry Woodthorpe Sr. (1755–1825), his father, Town Clerk of London
# Neolamprologus pectoralis

Neolamprologus pectoralis is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is usually found along the lakes southwestern coast in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This species can reach a length of 14.0 centimetres (5.5 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.
# La Estrella, Spain

La Estrella, also known as La Estrella de La Jara, is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Toledo, autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 77.23 km$^2$ and, as of 1 January 2023, it has a registered population of 298.
The place was formerly referred as "El Estrella".
In addition to the main settlement of the same name, the municipality of La Estrella also includes another settlement (pedanía [es]), Fuentes.
# Shambleau and Others

Shambleau and Others is a 1953 collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories by American writer C. L. Moore. The book was originally announced by Arkham House but never published by them. It was first published by Gnome Press in 1953 in an edition of 4,000 copies. The collections contains stories about Moore's characters Northwest Smith and Jirel of Joiry. The stories all originally appeared in the magazine Weird Tales.

## Contents

* "Black God’s Kiss"
* "Shambleau"
* "Black God’s Shadow"
* "Black Thirst"
* "The Tree of Life"
* "Jirel Meets Magic"
* "Scarlet Dream"
# Shadow Empire

Shadow Empire is a strategy video game developed by French studio VR Designs and published by Slitherine Software. It combines gameplay from computer wargames and 4X games in a setting of post-apocalyptic conquest.

## Gameplay

After a galactic republic collapses, its many worlds plunge into a dark age. Players take the role of a warlord from a post-apocalyptic society that has risen from the ruins of one of these worlds. Players first generate their world, which can range from small moons to large planets. Worlds are procedurally generated, either randomly or by tweaking parameters, such as whether the player wants a breathable atmosphere. These options can have a strong effect on the world and may preclude certain strategies. If the conditions for abiogenesis are not met, fossil fuels may not exist, and a thin atmosphere could preclude the use of aircraft.
Once satisfied with the world, players design their society and its ideals. Management of this society uses elements of role-playing video games. Players appoint staff, who have their own skillsets and personalities, to run various parts of their society's bureaucracy. The player's actions can have strong effects on the player's staff and various factions in their society, such as angering generals enough to ignite a civil war or causing lasting resentment among civilians from violently suppressing a labor strike. More complex actions are represented by cards, which can be played to gain diplomatic or governmental bonuses. The most beneficial cards can be gained by voluntarily subjecting one's empire to catastrophes.
Some aspects of research are randomized. Technology levels start low, with improvised weapons, though highly advanced technology can be found in the ruins of civilizations from before the dark age. Once technologies are rediscovered, custom units can be designed using these advances. During war, logistics are important, and supply chains must be maintained. Like traditional board wargames, it uses counters and a hex map.

## Development

Developer Victor Reijkersz had made several historical wargames previous to Shadow Empire. He decided on a post-apocalyptic science fiction setting because it opened up what he said was "a great canvas to have more immersive procedural games". To increase immersion, Reijkersz wanted to give each planet a distant history and back story when procedurally generating it. Shadow Empire took Reijkersz four or five years to complete solo. The game was first released on June 4, 2020.

## Reception

Shadow Empire received positive reviews on Metacritic. Joe Fonseca of Wargamer called it "the Alpha Centauri of today, only better" and recommended it fans of 4X games and complex computer wargames. In his review for PC Gamer, Jonathan Bolding wrote, "Ambitious in the extreme, Shadow Empire is a unique sci-fi wargame that's a little lost in its own details." Bolding criticized the game's opaque complexity, which he said made parts of the game seem like a black box. Sin Vega of Rock Paper Shotgun wrote that it is "the best and most compulsively playable serious wargame I've ever played for a solid month."
# Sidi Bel Abbès District

Sid Bel Abbès District is an important region in north-western Algeria which plays host to many communes and towns in its geographic location.
The district is further divided into 1 municipalities:
# Barotac Nuevo Plaza Field

The Barotac Nuevo Plaza Field is a football venue in Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. The field is located at the town plaza. The football field was one of the two venues of the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers held in the Philippines along with the Iloilo Sports Complex.
# Sæby

Sæby (Danish pronunciation:) is a town and seaport located on the east coast of the historical region of Vendsyssel in the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark. The town is located in Frederikshavn municipality in Region Nordjylland. It has a population of 8,845 (1 January 2024). Sæby was granted market rights in 1524.

## History

Until 2007 Sæby was the main town in Sæby municipality. Since 2007 part of Frederikshavn municipality.

## Attractions

* Sæby Glassblowing Workshop
* Sæby Harbour
* Sæby Church
* Fruen fra Havet: 6,25 m. high statue standing on the pier at the entrance to Sæby harbour. The statue was made by artist Marit Benthe Norheim and it was inaugurated in 2001.
* Sæby Museum
* Sæby Old Town
* Sæby Teddies (two persons in teddy-bear costumes)
* Sæby Watermill
* Sæbygaard Manor: A manor house from the renaissance. Inside there is a small museum with exhibitions of historical furniture.
* Sæby Beach
* Sæby Townsquare

## Notable people
### Science & Business

* Jacob Severin (1691 in Sæby – 1753) a Danish merchant who held a trade monopoly on Greenland from 1733 to 1749
* Sophus Frederik Kühnel (1851 in Sæby – 1930) a Danish architect, designed Mejlborg and a number of other buildings in Aarhus
* Adam Giede Böving (1869 in Sæby – 1957) a Danish-American entomologist and zoologist, studied the larvae of the order Coleoptera

### The Arts

* Henry Holst (1899 in Sæby – 1991) a Danish violinist, variously at the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the Royal Manchester College of Music, the Royal College of Music and the Royal Danish Academy of Music.
* Carl Ottosen (1918 – 1972 in Saeby) a Danish actor, screenwriter and film director, appearing in 70 films
* Walter Kuhlman (1918–2009) an American painter and printmaker, linked to Abstract Expressionism and American Figurative Expressionism, brought up in Sæby
* Jørgen Rømer (1923 in Saeby – 2007) a Danish art historian, graphic artist and painter
* Lene Siel (born 1968 in Saeby) a Danish singer

### Sport

* Merete Pedersen (born 1973 in Saeby) a Danish former footballer, member of the Danish national team for 16 years
* Rasmus Thellufsen (born 1997 in Saeby) a Danish footballer, playing for AaB
# RV Manta

RV Manta is an American research vessel that is in service with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as the primary maritime vessel of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.

## Description

Manta is a catamaran ship with twin aluminum hulls and an overall length of roughly 30 m (98 ft). It has a width of 9 m (30 ft), a draft of 1.5 m (4.9 ft), and displaces 78.5 tons. The ship is designed to have the space and equipment for up to twenty divers, including a recompression chamber and three dive showers. On board is a single Polaris RHIB and two lifeboats. The ship has a crew of 14 and can accommodate up to 25 passengers.
Manta is propelled by two Caterpillar diesel engines which each provide 1,600 horsepower for an average speed of 10.8 knots and a maximum range of 650 nautical miles.

## History

The NOAA ordered a new small research vessel in 2004, with Teknicraft of New Zealand designing the ship. In May 2007, All American Marine began construction of the ship in Washington state, and launched the vessel on 15 January 2008. Following sea trials, the ship was christened Manta in Galveston, Texas, on 27 June 2008.
Beginning in June 2008, Manta was the research and monitoring vessel of the Flower Garden Banks National Maritime Sanctuary in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The ship also acts as a host for educational trips and is a standby vessel for emergency response.
# George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

George William (6 August 1591 – 25 December 1669), titular Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke in Bavaria, Count of Veldenz and Sponheim was the Duke of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld from 1600 until 1669.

## Life

George William was born in Ansbach in 1591 as the eldest son of Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld. He succeeded his father in 1600 as Count of Sponheim. He was joint ruler in the Sponheimish condominium together with Margrave Wilhelm of Baden, whose counter-Reformationist movements he laboriously repelled. George William finished the expansion of Castle Birkenfeld, which his father had begun, and set the ground stone for the castle chapel. He is seen as an economical and prudent regent, though he could not do much through the Thirty Years' War. His lands were invaded during the Thirty Years' War in 1635, and in the same year the plague broke out killing 416 people. In the year 1666 he appointed Günter Heyler as court preacher to Birkenfeld. George William died in Birkenfeld in 1669. He was buried in the parish church of Birkenfeld; later his tomb was moved to the chapel of Birkenfeld castle and finally to Meisenheim.

## Marriages and Issue

George William married firstly on 30 November 1616 to Dorothea (1586–1625), daughter of Otto, Count of Solms-Sonnenwalde. They had the following children:
* Dorothea Amalie (30 March 1618 – 6 August 1635)
* Anne Sophie (12 April 1619 – 1 September 1680), Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg.
* Elizabeth Juliana (28 October 1620 – 28 October 1651).
* Maria Magdalena (8 August 1622 – 27 October 1689), married in 1644 to Anton Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.
* Clara Sybille (14 January 1624 – 1 February 1628).
* Charles Otto (5 September 1625 – 30 March 1671).
George William married secondly on 30 November 1641 Juliana (1616–1647), daughter of Johann, Wild- und Rheingraf in Grumbach und Rheingrafenstein. They divorced on 18 November 1642 because on 14 February of that year (and only four months after the wedding) Juliana gave birth a child, whose father was in fact Rheingraf Johann Ludwig of Salm-Dhaun.
George William married thirdly on 8 March 1649 to Anne Elizabeth (3 November 1603 – 3 June 1673), daughter of Louis Eberhard, Count of Öttingen-Öttingen. They had no children.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld :

## Literature

* (in German) Rodewald, Heinrich. Pfalzgraf Georg Wilhelm v. Birkenfeld und seine Kämpfe um das Luthertum in der hinteren Grafschaft Sponheim in den Jahren 1629-1630. Heuser, 1925
* (in German) Dotzauer, Winfried. Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, p. 351
* (in German) Jahresbericht [afterw.] Trierer Jahresberichte, 1858, p. 50 (digitized)
# Essa Abbas

Essa Abbas Faleh Hashem (born 8 January 1960) is a Kuwaiti long jumper. He competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.