OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard M. Noyes

Richard Macy Noyes (April 6, 1919 – November 25, 1997) was an American physical chemist.

## Family

Noyes was born April 6, 1919, in Champaign, Illinois, to the American chemist William Noyes and his third wife Katherine Macy, daughter of Jesse Macy. His older half-brother was Albert (1898–1980) and his brother Pierre (1923 - 2016); both were chemists.

## Education

He graduated from Harvard College and California Institute of Technology.

## Career

In 1959 Noyes became Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oregon. His research area was focused on the kinetic studies of oscillating reactions. Together with Richard J. Field and Endre Kőrös, he developed a model (FKN mechanism) in 1972 to describe the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. In 1976, he was able to identify the reaction mechanism of the Bray–Liebhafsky reaction.
Noyes has received numerous honors and awards. He received the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1955 and the Fulbright Research Fellowship in 1964. 1978 and 1979 he was awarded with the Alexander von Humboldt Senior American Scientist Award. It was elected in 1977 as a member of the National Academy of Sciences and in 1989 elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. During his career he published 190 scientific articles in various journals. He was also associate editor of the Journal of Physical Chemistry. On his 70th birthday he was honored by the Journal with a Festschrift.
He died on November 25, 1997.
# Shek Pik Reservoir

Shek Pik Reservoir (Chinese: 石壁水塘) is a reservoir in Shek Pik on Lantau Island in Hong Kong. Built between 1957 and 1963, it has a storage capacity of 24 million cubic metres and is the third largest reservoir in Hong Kong after High Island Reservoir and Plover Cove Reservoir.

## Location

Shek Pik Reservoir is located within Lantau South Country Park. It is surrounded by the following areas: Kau Nga Ling (east), Keung Shan (west), Muk Yue Shan and Sz Tsz Tau Shan (north). The top of the main dam is part of Keung Shan Road which connects Tai O with Cheung Sha, Mui Wo and Tung Chung. Below the dam is Shek Pik Prison managed by the Hong Kong Correctional Services.
A major water source for Shek Pik Reservoir is Tung Chung River. The water, collected by tunnels, is transferred to the reservoir via an underground pipe running between Ngong Ping and Lantau Peak.

## History

In the 1950s, water shortages affected Hong Kong. To relieve the problem the Hong Kong Government decided to build a reservoir in Shek Pik Heung valley (石壁鄉) and to further develop Lantau Island. The main contractor for the reservoir scheme was Soletanche, a French company.
Prior to construction there were four villages, Shek Pik Tai Tsuen (石壁大村), Fan Pui Tsuen (墳背村), Kong Pui Tsuen (崗貝村) and Hang Tsai Tsuen (坑仔村), in the valley. They were all relocated as part of the reservoir construction.
A Hau Wong Temple was located there and was inundated by the Shek Pik Reservoir in 1960.
In 1961, an 8-mile submarine pipeline was built to move water from the reservoir to Hong Kong Island, submerged from Silvermine Bay to Sandy Bay. Water supply started in November 1963, however there was an internal lining failure.
# The Rite of Strings

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Rite of Strings is a collaborative album by virtuosi Al Di Meola, Stanley Clarke and Jean-Luc Ponty, recorded after their world tour in 1995. The album was recorded at Studio 56, Hollywood.
The trio reunited for a performance at the French jazz festival called "Jazz in Marciac" in 2007.
Material from the album was performed on tour by Trio! in 2005, also featuring Clarke and Ponty, with Béla Fleck on banjo instead of Di Meola on guitar.

## Track listing

* "Indigo" (Al Di Meola) – 7:15
* "Renaissance" (Jean-Luc Ponty) – 4:33
* "Song to John" (Stanley Clarke, Chick Corea) – 6:00
** Dedicated to the memory of John Coltrane
* "Chilean Pipe Song" (Di Meola) – 6:12
* "Topanga" (Clarke) – 5:50
* "Morocco" (Di Meola) – 5:45
* "Change of Life" (Ponty) – 5:30
* "La Cancion De Sofia" (Clarke) – 8:30
* "Memory Canyon" (Ponty) – 6:00

## Personnel

* Al Di Meola – guitar
* Stanley Clarke – double bass
* Jean-Luc Ponty – violin

## Chart performance

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1995 | Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums | 4 |
# Lionel Leach

Sir Alfred Henry Lionel Leach, PC (3 February 1883 – 26 January 1960) was a British barrister and judge who served as a judge of the Rangoon High Court from 1933 to 1937, Chief Justice of the Madras High Court from 1937 to 1947 and a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council from 1949 to 1960.

## Early life and education

Lionel Leach was born on 3 February 1883 in Rochdale, the son of barrister Robert Alfred Leach. After being educated privately, Lionel Leach was called to the bar in 1907 by Gray's Inn. He was later elected a bencher of the Inn 1949.

## Judicial career in India

In 1933, Leach was appointed puisne judge of the Rangoon High Court in succession of Mr Justice Otter. He served in Burma until 1937 when he was transferred to Madras as Chief Justice of Madras. He was knighted in the 1938 New Year Honours.
Leach's transfer and promotion to Madras was initially not well-received there, as the law administered in Burma was chiefly Buddhist law, whereas it was thought that Madras could have provided a judge better versed in Hindu law. Nevertheless, Leach was highly regarded during his tenure, being particularly credited with reducing the backlog of cases and in reducing conflicting rulings by frequently sitting with full benches.
During the Second World War, Leach served in the Indian Defence Force and the Indian Army Reserve of Officers.
Among high-profile trials during his tenure was the Lakshmikanthan Murder Case and Leach presided over the sensational trial in 1944 in which M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar and N. S. Krishnan were found guilty.

## Judicial career in the United Kingdom

Leach served until 1 February 1947 and was succeeded by Sir Frederick Gentle. Returning to England the same year, he was appointed an Official Referee of the Supreme Court in 1948, serving until 1956. In 1949, Leach was one of five former judges in India and Burma to be appointed King's Counsel in a special list, "so that advantage may be taken of their judicial experience for the purpose of obtaining their help at Assizes when required". He was duly appointed a Commissioner of Assize on the North-Eastern Circuit.
In August 1949, he was sworn of the Privy Council under the provisions of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1908 so as to enable him to sit in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. There were usually two members of the Judicial Committee from India; but one was absent at the time, and Leach's services were required to clear the backlog of Indian appeals, which ceased when Indian became a republic soon after.
Leach headed the Singapore Riots Inquiry Commission of 1951 that made recommendations after the Maria Hertogh riots. He was appointed by Governor Sir Franklin Gimson.

## Death

Lionel Leach died in his chambers at Gray's Inn Square on 26 January 1960 at the age of 76. A requiem mass for him was celebrated at Farm Street Church on 30 January 1960.

## Family

Leach married in 1908 Sophia Hedwig Kiel (died 1954), daughter of Prof Dr Heinrich August Kiel, of Bonn, Germany. They had one son, Lieutenant-Colonel Lionel Robert Henry Gerald Leach, MC.
# Syzeuctus

Syzeuctus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Syzeuctus abonis Ugalde & Gauld, 2002
* Syzeuctus aequatorialis Benoit, 1959
* Syzeuctus albopictus Kang & Lee, 2020
* Syzeuctus apicifer (Walker, 1874)
* Syzeuctus coreanus Uchida, 1928
* Syzeuctus flavofacialis Kang & Lee, 2020
* Syzeuctus sambonis Uchida, 1928
* Syzeuctus vedoris Ugalde and Gauld, 2002
# One Eighth Apache

One Eighth Apache is a 1922 American silent Western film directed by Ben F. Wilson and starring Roy Stewart, Kathleen Kirkham and Wilbur McGaugh.

## Cast

* Roy Stewart as Brant Murdock
* Kathleen Kirkham as Norma Biddie
* Wilbur McGaugh as Charlie Longdeer
* George M. Daniel as Tyler Burgess
* Dick La Reno as Joseph Murdock
# Speakable items

Speakable items is part of the speech recognition feature in the classic Mac OS and macOS operating systems. It allows the user to control their computer with natural speech, without having to train the computer beforehand. The commands must be present in the Speakable items folder though but can be created with something as simple as a shortcut, AppleScript, keyboard command, or Automator workflows.

## History

Speakable items was first introduced as part of Apple's speech recognition software PlainTalk in 1993. Originally available only on Quadra AV models, it was later integrated with the System 7.1.2 release of the Macintosh system software.
With the release of Mac OS X v10.4 it was featured as #12 on their list of features. In OS X Mountain Lion, Speakable Items has been relocated to the Accessibility panel in System Preferences.

## Automation

Mac OS X v10.4 added Automator workflows which can also be used as Speakable items.
If a workflow is saved as an application and put in the Speakable items folder it becomes available to the speech recognition software. The words the computer will recognize to execute the command will be the name of the saved Automator application. Some words might have to be misspelt for the computer to know the proper pronunciation. (For example, the computer best recognizes "Les Misérables" as Lay Mizzer Ob).
Because Automator is made to comply with AppleScript applications only, most third party or non AppleScript applications, such as Limewire or Final Cut Studio apps will not work with speakable items, unless you configure commands only with "define a keyboard command": in which you'll just select "this application only" after making a keyboard command.

## Problems

While Speakable Items is useful, as well as innovative, recognition gets hard and distorted some times.
* In Macs without dual beamforming microphones (pre-2012), background noise interferes with recognition, and limits the usefulness of the "listening continuously" option.
* Sometimes the pronunciation the computer understands varies from the proper pronunciation. This usually happens with custom commands.
* The Speakable items folder also has the abilities to open applications that are blocked by Parental Controls without an administrators permission. This is achieved by copying and application and placing within the folder and opening it from there. However this does not bypass applications from an unidentified developer, if the Applications Downloaded From: App Store or App Store and Identified Developers setting is checked.
# Newbigging, Angus

Newbigging is a village in Angus, Scotland, two miles (three kilometres) northeast of Dundee. The name "Newbigging" originally referred to a "new bigging" or "new cottar town" (hamlet). The village is roughly two miles (three kilometres) north of Monifieth.
Some of the earliest history of the local area is represented approximately four kilometres northwest at the village of Eassie, where the Eassie Stone is displayed in a ruined church; this carved Pictish stone is dated prior to the Early Middle Ages.

## Landmarks

The oldest buildings in the village (exceeding 200 years), are the village church and the old church manse. The church is almost in the centre of the village, on the main road "Pitairlie Road". The church had been bought by artist Nail Hanna and then sold onto a private buyer who has converted it into a house. The old manse, which was superseded by the new manse behind the church (neither of which are used as the church manse any more), was given the dwelling name of "Davidsons Cottage". While this name is in some databases as the name of the oldest house in Newbigging, its current monicker is "Rhodd Duw", which is Welsh for God's gift due to the circumstances of its acquisition.
Newbigging shop, which won best village shop in Scotland in 1997, was also sold to a private buyer and converted into a house. 2005 saw the erection of 20 houses on farmland at Cunmont Cottages, Newbigging. The site, which extends to 2+3⁄4 acres (1.1 hectares), lies on the northwest sector of Newbigging between Pitairlie Road and the private road to Cunmont.
The fields around Newbigging are used mostly for the growing of arable crops such as wheat and oil seed rape.

## Bus services

Moffat & Williamson, a bus operator headquartered in Fife, provides convenient two-hourly bus services connecting Dundee and several other towns, including Monifieth & Broughty Ferry, through their Services 78 and 79. Operating on Mondays, Wednesdays & Fridays only is Stagecoach Strathtay's Service 181, which connects Monifieth and several other towns, including Newbigging and Monikie, with Forfar. The bus route is convenient for shoppers as, along with the town centre, it stops at Asda, Tesco, Lidl & Aldi. It also stops at Monifieth Tesco.
# Tietje

Tietje is a surname and given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Les Tietje (1910–1996), American baseball player
* Tietje Spannenburg-Pagels (1906 – after 1933), Dutch kortebaan speed skater
# Richard Durning Holt

Sir Richard Durning Holt, Baronet, JP (13 November 1868 – 22 March 1941) was a British Liberal Party politician and businessman with interests in shipping.

## Background and education

Holt was born on 13 November 1868 at Edge Lane, in West Derby, Liverpool, Lancashire. He was one of five sons of Robert Durning Holt, a cotton broker and later Lord Mayor of Liverpool, by his wife Lawrencina Potter, daughter of Richard Potter and sister of Beatrice Webb. He was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford.

## Political career

After some persuasion from Herbert Gladstone, Holt stood as Liberal candidate at Liverpool West Derby in 1903, when he lost to William Rutherford. He stood and lost again there in 1906. He was elected at a by-election in 1907 as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Hexham but his classical liberal ideas were increasingly out of fashion in the Liberal Party; he opposed David Lloyd George's social welfare legislation as government interference.
General election 1918: Eccles :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| C | Unionist | Marshall Stevens | 15,821 | 82.3 | +34.7 |
| | Liberal | Richard Durning Holt | 3,408 | 17.7 | −34.7 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 12,413 | 64.6 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,229 | 55.4 | −30.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 34,702 | | |
| | Unionist gain from Liberal | Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing | +34.7 | |
| C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. ||||||
However, he accepted the minimum wage in 1900 and a public works programme in 1929 after at first opposing it. He became part of the "Holt Cave" of Liberal MPs who opposed Lloyd George's 1914 budget. He was Liberal candidate for Cumberland North in 1929.
In January 1935 he was created a baronet for his services to shipping. In June 1936 he was elected to serve on the Liberal Party Council.
Holt had initially opposed Britain becoming involved in what became the First World War, writing on 2 August 1914 that he found it "impossible to believe that a Liberal Government can be guilty of the crime of dragging us into this conflict in which we are no way interested". However, by 9 August, he had changed his mind after Germany's attack on Belgium, whose neutrality both Germany and Britain had guaranteed. He later expressed dissatisfaction with voluntary fundraising in aid of the war effort, believing that it encouraged many people to become reliant on the work of others.

## Family

Holt was a lifelong Unitarian and was elected president of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association in 1918. He married Eliza Lawrence Wells in 1897. They had three daughters, of whom the eldest, Grace, married Anthony Methuen, 5th Baron Methuen. His daughter Anne stood as the Liberal Party candidate for Liverpool Toxteth at the 1950 General Election. Holt died in his house at 54 Ullet Road, Liverpool, on 22 March 1941, aged 72. There had been a male stillbirth in 1904 but no surviving sons, so the baronetcy died with him. His wife died in 1951.
# Southern Oceans Seabird Study Association

The Southern Oceans Seabird Study Association (SOSSA) is an Australian natural history research and conservation organisation. It is based in Wollongong, New South Wales. It was formally established in 1994 by members of the New South Wales Albatross Study Group Lindsay Smith and Harry Battam to be an umbrella organisation for groups involved with biological research on, and concerned about the environment of, the Southern Ocean. However, its origins go back to the start of long-term banding studies of albatrosses by Doug Gibson and Allan Sefton on the coast of New South Wales in the mid-1950s, with SOSSA continuing one of the longest-running albatross research programs in the world.
SOSSA is also involved in research and conservation of little penguins in New South Wales, making its data sheets available to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service and being represented on their Little Penguin Recovery Team.
SOSSA operates monthly public pelagic trips from Wollongong to see seabirds and marine mammals. Projects supported by SOSSA include studies of Diomedea and Thalassarche albatrosses, sooty oystercatchers, cuttlefish, and the Five Islands Nature Reserve off Port Kembla.
# The Scream Factory

The Scream Factory is an American publisher of horror comics. Most, if not all titles published by The Scream Factory are film-related.

## Overview

Formally announced on April 7, 2008 speculation to The Scream Factory and its involved parties had been swirling around the internet for some time. Many of the first titles released by The Scream Factory were released or partially released by the short-lived Fangoria Comics which closed in September 2007. Not a traditional publisher, The Scream Factory is said to be "an alliance of film, music, literary and comic book professionals"

## Titles

* BUMP - A four-issue mini-series slated to be a film starring Tobin Bell Sean Patrick Flanery and Ashley Laurence
* Robert Kurtzman's Beneath The Valley of The Rage - A four-issue prequel to Robert Kurtzman's 2007 motion picture The Rage
* G.R.A.V.E. Grrrls: Destroyers of the Dead - A three-issue mini-series created by Scott Licina and Ken Wolak featuring cover art by Alex Ross
* Death Walks the Streets - A prequel series to the upcoming motion film Death Walks the Streets set to star actor/musician Christian Kane
* Dee Snider's Strangeland: Seven Sins - A four-issue prequel to Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider's 1998 horror film Strangeland. Written by Dee's son Jesse Blaze Snider who appeared on the 2008 MTV series Rock the Cradle
* Demolition Zombies - A five-page short story by Brian Matus appearing as an insert in digital versions of The Scream Factory titles.

## Spin-offs

* BUMP - Hack/Slash crossover - Originally slated to be a one-shot released by Fangoria Comics, the story was later incorporated into the ongoing Hack/Slash series for Devil's Due Publishing appearing in issues #12 and #13. Written by BUMP creator Mark Kidwell and drawn by Hack/Slash creator Tim Seeley.

## Others

Scream Factory also inherited other properties:
* Mark Kidwell's Recluse - Originally slated to be released on October 31, 2007 by Fangoria Comics but likely to appear in another medium first.
* Shifter - Originally slated to be released as a four-issue mini-series through Fangoria Comics. Slated to be a motion picture starring Michael Madsen and is currently the focus of negotiations.
* The Fourth Horseman - Originally slated to be released as a four-issue mini-series through Fangoria Comics and Scream Factory don't currently have plans to develop this further.
# Flurzwang

Flurzwang is the German term for the obligation to participate in open field cultivation in Europe in former times. The owners of farmland and the lord of the manor ordered the cultivation of individual pieces of agricultural land in the community in areas using the three year crop rotation system, which was used between the late Middle Ages until about the middle of the 19th century, or even much longer in some places. It typically resulted in dispersal of the ownership of property over the entire land of the community, the so-called Gemengelage (mixed location).

## Objective

The aim was to prevent a farmer or property owner from gaining an advantage by harvesting earlier or cultivating other produce from what had previously been agreed upon. The agreements were also supposed to prevent damages to the land due to people walking or even driving onto the fields. In addition, they were to prevent theft of vegetables or other produce. As part of Flurzwang, land owners had to relinquish part of their land for pathways when the land was developed. Fenced fields were exempted from Flurzwang and special crops could also be grown on them. This was the case for wine growing, for instance. The owner of such a field had to pay compensation to the other farmers.

## Obligations

Each farmer had to obey the agreed upon sequence for the crops in the crop rotation system and also the agreed upon times for the work (plowing, sowing and harvesting). Otherwise, it would have been necessary for a farmer to drive his wagon over neighboring fields to reach his own fields. No one could disobey these rules. The chairman of a farmers cooperative or of a village who was in charge of the Flurzwang was called Schulze.

## End of Flurzwang

Flurzwang became questionable for the landowners affected after the introduction of clover farming and later potato and beet farming. It was finally abolished during the liberation of the farmers, which happened in Germany, Switzerland and Austria as a result of the French Revolution from approximately 1803 to 1850.
# Schizophyllaceae

The Schizophyllaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains two genera and seven species. Species cause white rot in hardwoods. The most common member of the genus Schizophyllum is Schizophyllum commune, a widely distributed mushroom.
# Speak to a Girl

"Speak to a Girl" is a song recorded by American country music artists Tim McGraw and Faith Hill. The song was written by Shy Carter, Dave Gibson, and Joe Spargur.
The track was released on March 23, 2017, as the first single from McGraw and Hill's first ever duets album, The Rest of Our Life. McGraw and Hill performed the song live for the first time at the Academy of Country Music Awards held April 2, 2017. The song is also featured in the couple's Soul2Soul: The World Tour set list.
As of June 2017, the song has sold 200,000+ copies in the United States. According to Billboard, the song got 12.7 million first-week audience impressions.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Canada Digital Songs (Billboard) | 19 |
| Canada Country (Billboard) | 27 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 61 |
| US Country Airplay (Billboard) | 19 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 6 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2017) | Position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 63 |
# Theodore Roosevelt Highway

Theodore Roosevelt Highway or Roosevelt Highway may refer to:
* Theodore Roosevelt International Highway in the United States and Canada
* Roosevelt Highway (Georgia) in the United States
* Roosevelt Highway (Washington) in the United States
* Roosevelt Highway (Oregon) on the Pacific coast
* Roosevelt Highway, an old name for the Pacific Coast Highway within Los Angeles County, California
* Roosevelt Midland Trail in the United States
* Churchill–Roosevelt Highway in Trinidad and Tobago
# Graminid clade

The graminid clade is a clade of plants in the order Poales uniting four families, of which the grasses (Poaceae) are the most species-rich. Its sister group is the restiid clade.