OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ulai Otobed

Ulai Trudy Otobed (born 31 December 1941) is a Palauan physician. In 1965 she became the first Micronesian woman to qualify as a doctor. Also a table tennis player, she won a gold medal in the sport at the 1963 South Pacific Games and was national champion of Fiji in three categories.

## Biography

Otobed was born in Aimeliik on the Palauan island of Babeldaob to Berenges Oiterong and Taurengel Otobed, the second of six children. Her brother Rechiuang Demai Otobed went on to become the first Palauan to earn a degree in entomology. She began attending school in Ngeremlengui at the age of six. Between 1953 and 1956 she was a pupil at Palau Intermediate School. She then moved up to Pacific Islands Central School, where she was enrolled between 1956 and 1959. After being accepted into the Central Medical School in Fiji, she attended the Trust Territory School of Nursing until her course began in 1960. During her time in Fiji she was part of the Fiji table tennis team that won gold at the 1963 South Pacific Games. The following year she was Fijian national champion in women's singles, women's doubles and mixed doubles.
Otobed graduated from the Central Medical School in 1965, also winning numerous awards, including the Principal's Presentation for the top female student, the Glazo-Allenburgs prize for the highest grade average and the British Medical Association gold medal for academic excellence in surgery. She then did a two-year internship at McDonald Memorial Hospital, passing the Trust Territory Medical Board Examinations in 1968.
In 1968 Otobed spent six months training in New Zealand, passing the Auckland Hospital Board exam and receiving a diploma in obstetrics in 1969. She returned to New Zealand to study at the Postgraduate School of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Auckland between 1970 and 1973, also working at the National Women's Hospital as a surgeon and registrar. After receiving a diploma in obstetrics and gynaecology, she came back to Koror in Palau in 1973 to work at the McDonald Memorial Hospital. Between 1974 and 1976 she attended Mysore Medical College in India, earning a BSc in medicine and surgery. In 1977 she passed the American Examination for Foreign Medical Graduates.
After returning to Palau to work as a physician in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Family Planning at McDonald Memorial Hospital, Otobed later became Head of Clinical Services at the national hospital. She also served on the Palau National Scholarship Board.
# Into the Comet

"Into the Comet" is a science fiction short story by British writer Arthur C. Clarke. It was originally published in Fantasy & Science Fiction in October 1960. It is one of several stories by many science fiction authors in which problems are solved by reverting to 'primitive' technology. The story was also published as "Inside the Comet".

## Plot summary

The plot concerns a journey by a spaceship to enter through the layers of gas surrounding a comet and observe the nucleus at close range. This part of the mission is successful, but the ship's computer develops a malfunction and they are unable to compute the required orbit to escape the comet. The ionised gas in the comet's tail prevents any radio communication with Earth.
George Takeo Pickett, a part-Japanese journalist on board the ship, recalls the use of the abacus used by his granduncle, a bank teller, and persuades the ship's astronomer to give it a try. Once convinced, the astronomer creates a production line of the crew, using abaci to carry out the calculations that the computer would normally do.
The procedure is successful and an orbit is calculated to bring the ship within radio range of Earth.
# Gaspar de Creales Arce

Gaspar de Creales Arce (death 1658) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Reggio Calabria (1644–1658).

## Biography

On 12 December 1644, Gaspar de Creales Arce was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Archbishop of Reggio Calabria. On 27 December 1644, he was consecrated bishop by Gil Carrillo de Albornoz, Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Montorio. He served as Archbishop of Reggio Calabria until his death in 1658.
# Taenaris onolaus

Taenaris onolaus is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found on New Guinea.

## Subspecies

* Taenaris onolaus onolaus (western West Irian, Mioswar Island)
* Taenaris onolaus ida Honrath, 1889 (eastern New Guinea: Huon Peninsula)
* Taenaris onolaus saturatior Fruhstorfer (southern and south-western Papua New Guinea)
* Taenaris onolaus shapur Brooks, 1944 (West Irian (Weyland Mountains, Wandammen Mountains)
# Fortaleza de Santa Cruz de Anhatomirim

Fortaleza de Santa Cruz de Anhatomirim is a fort located on Anhatomirim Island in the municipality of Governador Celso Ramos, Santa Catarina in Brazil.
# Gavala House

47°13′29″N 39°42′33″E﻿ / ﻿47.22472°N 39.70917°E﻿ / 47.22472; 39.70917
The Gavala House (Russian: Дом Гавала) is a building in Rostov-on-Don at 93 Pushkinskaya Street. It was built as a town house in the late 19th century. The building has the status of an object of cultural heritage of Russia of regional significance, and is № 6130164000.

## History

The first owner of the house was Nikolai Antonovich Gavala, a member of the Russian Stock Exchange Society of Greek origin. Documents show that by 1913 the owner of the house was Maria Georgiyevna Gavala, presumably Nikolai Antonovich's wife. The Gavala family left Rostov-on-Don during the Russian Civil War, and the house was nationalized during the Soviet period. It was divided up into communal housing, and later repaired several times.

## Architecture

The two-storied house is located on the red line of Pushkinskaya Street. As in many other residential buildings of the late 19th century, elements of different styles were combined in its architecture. The frontage has two arches: a main entrance (on the left) and entrance to the yard (on the right). On the forged lattice of the entrance gate there are monograms with the letters "N" and "G". Initially there were also two small forged lattices with monograms at the front entrance, but only one has survived to the present day. The walls of the first floor are decorated with wood in a rustic style. The window openings are decorated by various platbands. On the second floor, above the side gates, narrow windows are grouped in threes. In the central part there are two double windows. The facade is finished by parapets with semi-columns and decorative arms. The attic floor has been extensively rebuilt.
# Texas abortion statute

Texas abortion statute (or statutes) may refer to one of these laws enacted by the Texas Legislature in the U.S. state of Texas:
* Texas abortion statutes (1961), portions of the 1961 Texas Penal Code which were held to be unconstitutional in the U.S. Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade (decided 1973)
* Texas Heartbeat Act, effective September 1, 2021, banning abortions after six weeks of pregnancy
# H. Russell Smith

Howard Russell Smith (August 15, 1914 – September 7, 2014) was born in Clark County, Ohio and on his families citrus farm in El Cajon Valley near San Diego, CA. Smith was an American business executive who was president of the sticker manufacturer Avery Dennison from 1956 to 1975. He remained involved with the company as chair of its board of trustees and later its executive committee until his retirement in 1995.

## Education

He attended Pomona College in Claremont, California.

## Career

Smith was an American business executive who was president of the sticker manufacturer Avery Dennison from 1956 to 1975. He remained involved with the company as chair of its board of trustees and later its executive committee until his retirement in 1995.
Smith was a chairman of the board of trustees for 18 years as well as serving as the chairman of the boards of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Assn., Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and public television station KCET (Channel 28).
# Ulaipalota Tauatama

Ulaipalota Tauatama (born 7 February 1970) is a Samoan boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Thryptomene racemulosa

Thryptomene racemulosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.5 metres (1 to 5 ft) and blooms between July and October producing pink-white flowers. It is found on sand plains and low ridges in the Mid West and Wheatbelt regions of Western Australia where it grows in gravelly sandy soils. It was first formally described in 1847 by Nikolai Turczaninow in the Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou from specimens collected by James Drummond. The specific epithet (racemulosa) means "small raceme".
# Somwar Peth, Pune

Somwar Peth is an area located in Pune City, in Maharashtra State of the Republic of India. This area is bordered by Kasba Peth, Shaniwar Peth and Raviwar Peth. Somwar Peth was developed by Rango Bapuji Dhadphale, a minister of Maharaj Shahaji Raje Bhosale in 1625. This area was affected due to the raids by Adil Shahi dynasty in 1630. It was redeveloped by Dadoji Kondadev, a military and administrative officer of Shahaji between 1636 and 1647. The KEM Hospital (King Edward Memorial Hospital) and Shahu Garden are located in this area. Somwar Peth is connected to Katraj, Swargate, Pune Railway Station, Camp and other areas on these bus routes by PMPML Buses.Trishund ganpati the hemad pannthi temple and nageshwar mandir are the oldest temples in somwar peth.

## Established During 1637-62

The people staying in this area were known as "Gosavi". It was also known as 'Shahpura'. These people used to lend money to others for various purposes before banks came into existence. This is one of the famous Peths in Pune. Apollo theater is famous in this area. Mali Maharaj, Vishnu Temple, and Nageshwar Temples are well known in this area. The Employment Office and Zilla Parishad Building are situated in this area. The famous Shahu Udyan and Shahu Talav are legends of Somwar Peth. The Collector Office is also a prominent landmark in this area.

## KEM Hospital

The KEM Hospital is located in Somwar Peth area of Pune City, Maharashtra, India. This hospital, which is run by KEM Hospital society, is the largest non-government hospital organization in the entire Pune District. The hospital has 550 beds and serves patients from Pune City as well as from Pune Suburbs and rural areas in Pune District. It is conveniently accessible due to its location in Central Pune.

## Schools In Somwar Peth

The schools that are located in Somwar Peth area in Pune are the following:
* Saraswati Vidyalaya Union Primary School. (Co-Ed)
* Saraswati Vidyalaya Union High School & Junior College (Co-Ed)
* Balvikas Shikshan Sanstha Prathmik Shala. (Co-Ed)
* Abbasaheb Atre High School.(Co-Ed)
* Saraswati Vidyalaya Union High School & Junior College.(Co-Ed)
* Chief Executive Officer Zilla Parishad
* SI Raste Prathmik Vidyalay(Co-Ed)
* Indian Red Cross (Co-Ed)

## Movie Theatre

* Apollo Theatre.
# Tangchi, Heilongjiang

Tangchi (Chinese: 汤池; pinyin: Tāngchí) is a town in Tailai County, western Heilongjiang province, Northeast China, about 43 kilometres (27 mi) south-southwest of the prefecture city Qiqihar.
It was the site of a battle in the Jiangqiao Campaign on November 17, 1931, between Ma Zhanshan's 23,000 Chinese and 3,500 Japanese under Lt. General Jiro Tamon during the invasion of Manchuria.
* This Heilongjiang location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Fortaleza dos Nogueiras

Fortaleza dos Nogueiras is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.
# Gavin Taylor

Gavin Taylor (c. 1942 – 12 June 2013) was a British film and television director. He was known for directing the broadcasts of major concerts and other televised events. Taylor's credits included The Tube television series, U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky in 1983, and Queen at Wembley in 1986.
Taylor lived at Darras Hall in Northumberland. He had two children and three grandchildren.
Taylor worked for Tyne Tees Television (now called ITV Tyne Tees) from 1960 until 1996. He left Tyne Tees in 1996 in order to film The Royal Concert, a performance by Michael Jackson for the Royal Family of Brunei held in July 1996 in Bandar Seri Begawan. He had been offered the Jackson concert job by contacts he had made while directing The Tube during the 1980s.
Taylor died from a short illness at St Oswald's Hospice in Gosforth, Newcastle, on 12 June 2013, at the age of 71.
# Texas and Oklahoma Railroad (1991)

The Texas and Oklahoma Railroad (TXOR), created in 1991, ran between Oklahoma and Texas on rail purchased from the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (AT&SF). Much of the trackage has since been sold or abandoned; however, the railway continues to exist as a shortline carrier operating between Sweetwater, Texas and Maryneal, Texas.

## History

The TXOR was incorporated April 22, 1991 as a Delaware corporation. It purchased two disconnected segments of track from the AT&SF, about 351 miles in total. The trackage was part of a line that had originally been laid around 1908 as part of the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway, an attempt to link Kansas City, Missouri to its closest Pacific Ocean port, Topolobampo, Mexico. However, that line never got south of Texas.
The northern and far longer segment purchased by the TXOR ran from Cherokee, Oklahoma south through Fairview, Thomas, Clinton, Altus and into Elmer on the Oklahoma state line. Then it continued into Texas near Chillicothe to the Orient rail junction located just north of the town of Sweetwater. The southern segment ran from Shaufler, Texas south to Maryneal, Texas. In addition, the company obtained trackage rights between Orient Junction and Shaufler over AT&SF tracks, as well as rights in a trainyard in Sweetwater.
However, major changes quickly occurred. Part of the Oklahoma trackage, south from Westhom (near Thomas) to Elmer, about 102 miles, was purchased in January 1993 by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation, which then leased it to Farmrail to operate. Some of this trackage was purchased by Farmrail in September 2013, and some has continued to be operated by Farmrail in connection with its affiliated line, Grainbelt Corporation. The remaining Oklahoma tracks north to Cherokee were abandoned. In Texas, the segment from Chillicothe down to Sweetwater was abandoned in 1995. That left TXOR operating between Sweetwater and Maryneal.
This railway is not to be confused with the Texas and Oklahoma Railroad which was incorporated in 1902 and was consolidated December 12, 1903 with the Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad Company (of 1901) to form the new Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad Company (of 1903).
# Jadu

Jadu may refer to:
* Jadu (company), British software company
* Jadu, Libya, village
* The Jadu, South Korean rock band
* Jadu (artist), German musician Jadu
* Prunus salicina, Asian fruit tree
# Dunlop Report

The Dunlop Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations: Final Report (1994), commonly called the Dunlop Report, was a major review of US labor law, containing recommendations for reform, established by the US Department of Labor and US Department of Commerce.
They reported to Secretary of Labor Robert B. Reich and Secretary of Commerce Ronald H. Brown.

## Contents
### Introduction: The Workplace and Society

The Commission found that the labor market was influenced by,
* a long-term decline in the rate of productivity;
* an increased globalization of economic life;
* a shift in employment to service-producing industries from goods-producing industries;
* a shift in the occupational structure toward white-collar jobs that require considerable education; and
* a decline in the prevalence of collective bargaining.

### Employee Involvement

The Commission found,
* where employee participation is sustained and integrated with other practices, it usually improves economic performance;
* the trends suggest employee participation programs will increase in future years; and
* survey data suggest that between 40 and 50 million workers would take part in employee participation programs, but do not have the chance.

### Worker Representation and Collective Bargaining

The Commission found that on workplace representation,
* American society supports the right to join a union and to engage in collective bargaining if a majority of workers so desire;
* Representation elections are a highly conflictual activity for workers, unions, and companies; and
* Roughly one-third of workplaces that vote to be represented by unions do not obtain a collective bargaining contract with their employer.

### Employment Litigation and Dispute Resolution

The Commission observed Federal workplace laws increased a lot since the 1960s, accompanied by more rules and administration. Also,
* Workplace litigation caseloads and costs rose faster than those in other areas of law;
* Employment cases in Federal courts increased by more than 400 percent between 1971 and 1991; and
* Neither mediation and arbitration nor the newer, more informal employee participation and alternative dispute resolution systems are being utilized to their full potential for dealing with issues and resolving disputes that are now regulated by law.
# Jikur

Jikur (Georgian: ჯიქური) (died c. 1252–1259) was a courtier of King David VII of Georgia, who exerted a considerable influence on the internal politics of Georgia until being executed on charges of treason.

## Rise to power

The rise and fall of Jikur is documented in the 14th-century Georgian Chronicle of A Hundred Years, which provides no information regarding his origin, but reports that Jikur, otherwise not particularly gifted and holding a relatively minor office of Master of Ceremonies (mestumre), rose to prominence thanks to his undaunted loyalty to David VII, whose troubled reign (1247–1270) was marred by the Mongol dominance. When David had to repair for the court of Batu Khan, he left his wife Jigda-Khatun as a regent and placed her under protection of Jikur. He was instrumental in reducing brigandage in the country, helped the construction of the royal palace at Isani in Tbilisi and levied tribute upon the fiercely independent mountaineers of Pkhovi. Considerable opposition to the authority of Jigda-Khatun and Jikur came from Torghva of Pankisi, the governor of Kakheti, who usurped the power in this region. Upon the king's return to Georgia, Torghva's courage began to fail and he retired to his fief of Pankisi. Jikur lured him out with the promise of security and had him murdered at the instigation of Jigda-Khatun.

## Downfall and death

Jikur's fortunes began to reverse after the death of Jigda-Khatun in 1252. The chronicle says that Jikur and David's new consort, Gvantsa Kakhaberidze, were enemies. Jikur's rivals, particularly Sumbat Orbeli, exploited this enmity and accused him before the king of treacherous connections with the Mongols. David, habitually gullible and prone to hasty decisions, had Jikur arrested and brought to the royal palace of Isani, overlooking the Mtkvari river, while his house was pillaged by the king's men. Without any inquiry, David ordered Jikur to be thrown into the river. On the next morning, his body was found washed up on the river bank. The king, giving in to urging of the poor of Tbilisi, allowed them to mourn and bury Jikur, who had no children of his own, at the newly rebuilt church of St. Christina.
# Thrippara Shiva Kshetram

Thrippara Shiva Kshetram is a famous Shiva temple in Vallicode village, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India. This temple is located on the banks of the Achankovil river. The main sanctum sanctorum here is situated in the open directly above the temple ghats. This makes it a bit different from other temples in this area. The temple has a history dating back to 800 years.
# Sol Spiegelman

Sol Spiegelman (December 14, 1914 – January 21, 1983) was an American molecular biologist. He developed the technique of nucleic acid hybridization, which helped to lay the groundwork for advances in recombinant DNA technology.

## Early life and education

Spiegelman was born in Brooklyn, New York City in 1914. He attended the City College of New York and was initially interested in biology, but found the courses uninspiring and instead chose to focus on math and physics. During his undergraduate work he took a leave of absence to work in a biology laboratory, where he studied the genetics of bacteria. He graduated in 1939 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. He then began his graduate studies at Columbia University in 1940, studying cellular physiology under the supervision of H.B. Steinbach. Spiegelman joined Steinbach in his move to Washington University School of Medicine two years later, and received his PhD from that institution in 1944. His graduate work focused on what was then known as enzymatic "induction" or "adaptation", now known to reflect changes in gene expression in response to environmental factors. He continued to work at Washington University until 1948, and then took a one-year Public Health Service fellowship at the University of Minnesota.

## Academic career

In 1949, Spiegelman joined the faculty at the University of Illinois, where he would spend the next 20 years of his academic career. His research in this time focused on nucleic acids and particularly on the enzymes associated with nucleic acid synthesis, originating from work on bacteriophage with RNA genomes such as MS2 phage and bacteriophage Qβ. His work with Qβ RNA led to a noted experiment with self reproducing RNA structures called Spiegelman's Monster. Among his best-known work is his research on nucleic acid hybridization, much of which was conducted in along with Kim Atwood and Ferruccio Ritossa building on work by Rich and Davies in 1956, which helped to lay the groundwork for advances in recombinant DNA technology.
Spiegelman's later research focused on cancer and in 1969 he moved to the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, becoming a professor of human genetics and development as well as the directory of the Institute of Cancer Research. He was particularly interested in potential viral causes of cancer. In 1975, he was named University Professor.

## Awards and honors

Spiegelman received the Lasker Award in 1974 for his 1965 work on Qβ RNA. In 1981 he received the Antonio Feltrinelli International prize in Biology for his contributions to molecular biology. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1965 American Academy of Arts and Sciences a year later.

## Personal life

Spiegelman and his wife Helen had three children. He died of pancreatic cancer in 1983.