OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-856

German submarine U-856 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

## Design

German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-856 had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-856 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 as well as a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

## Service history

U-856 was ordered on 5 June 1941 from DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen under the yard number 1062. Her keel was laid down on 31 October 1942 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 11 May 1943. She was commissioned into service under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Friedrich Wittenberg (Crew X/37) in 4th U-boat Flotilla.
The U-boat was working up for deployment in the Baltic Sea until transferring to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla for front-line service. She left Kiel on 24 February 1944 for operations off the US east coast. In March she had two brief encounters with submarine-hunting aircraft, but escaped unscathed. In the morning of 7 April 1944 however, she was picked up by an aircraft of USS Croatan and attacked by USS Boyle. Surviving the initial attack, she was attacked with depth charges by a second group consisting of USS Huse and USS Champlin, the later ramming U-856 and severely damaging her. When the U-boat re-surfaced a little while later, she came under heavy artillery fire from the US warships. Wittenberg ordered the crew to abandon ship and scuttled her. Of the 55 men on board only 28, Wittenberg among them, survived. They were picked up by the destroyers and brought to New York City where they disembarked on 10 April 1944.
# Sujith Fernando

Sujith Fernando (date of birth unknown) is a Sri Lankan former first-class cricketer, active 1998–99, who played for Panadura Sports Club. A left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler, he made a single first-class appearance for Panadura against Colombo scoring 8 runs in the first innings one in the second.
# Bacchisa humeralis

Bacchisa humeralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1956. It is known from the Philippines.
# Gmina Drohiczyn

Gmina Drohiczyn is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Drohiczyn, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Siemiatycze and 87 km (54 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
The gmina covers an area of 207.96 square kilometres (80.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,815 (out of which the population of Drohiczyn amounts to 2,086, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,729).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Drohiczyn, Gmina Drohiczyn contains the villages and settlements of Arbasy Duże, Arbasy Małe, Bryki, Bujaki, Bużyski, Chechłowo, Chrołowice, Chutkowice, Klepacze, Kłyzówka, Koczery, Lisowo, Lisowo-Janówek, Łopusze, Milewo, Miłkowice-Janki, Miłkowice-Maćki, Miłkowice-Paszki, Miłkowice-Stawki, Minczewo, Narojki, Obniże, Ostrożany, Przesieka, Putkowice Nagórne, Rotki, Runice, Sady, Siekierki, Sieniewice, Skierwiny, Śledzianów, Smarklice, Smorczewo, Sytki, Tonkiele, Wierzchuca Nadbużna, Wierzchuca Nagórna, Wólka Zamkowa and Zajęczniki.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Drohiczyn is bordered by the gminas of Grodzisk, Jabłonna Lacka, Korczew, Perlejewo, Platerów, Repki and Siemiatycze.
# Statgraphics

Statgraphics is a statistics package that performs and explains basic and advanced statistical functions.

## History

The software was created in 1980 by Dr. Neil W. Polhemus while on the Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty as a teaching tool for his statistics students. It was made available to the public in 1982, becoming an early example of data science software designed for use on the PC.

## Software

The flagship version of Statgraphics is Statgraphics Centurion, a Windows desktop application with capabilities for regression analysis, ANOVA, multivariate statistics, Design of Experiments, statistical process control, life data analysis, machine learning, and data visualization. The data analysis procedures include descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, analysis of variance, survival analysis, time series analysis and forecasting, sample size determination, multivariate methods, machine learning and Monte Carlo techniques. The SPC menu includes many procedures for quality assessment, capability analysis, control charts, measurement systems analysis, and acceptance sampling. The program also features a DOE Wizard that creates and analyzes statistically designed experiments.

## Applications

Statgraphics is frequently used for Six Sigma process improvement. The program has also been used in various health and nutrition-related studies. The software is heavily used in manufacturing chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, automobiles, food and consumer goods. It is also widely used in mining, environmental studies, and basic R&D.

## Distribution

Statgraphics is distributed by Statgraphics Technologies, Inc., a privately held company based in The Plains, Virginia.
# Velchevo, Lovech Province

Velchevo is a village in Apriltsi Municipality, Lovech Province, northern Bulgaria.
# Alphonse Wauters

Alphonse Wauters (1817–1898) was a Belgian archivist and historian.

## Life

Alphonse Guillaume Ghislain Wauters was born in Brussels on 13 April 1817. He was appointed archivist of the city of Brussels on 2 April 1842. He became a correspondent of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium in 1860, and a member in 1868. In January 1886, after the death of Louis Prosper Gachard, he became the academy's secretary-treasurer. He died in Brussels on 1 May 1898.

## Works

* Les Délices de la Belgique, ou Description historique, pittoresque et monumentale de ce royaume (Brussels and Leipzig, 1844)
* with Alexandre Henne, Histoire de Bruxelles (3 vols., Brussels, 1845)
* Notice historique sur la ville de Vilvorde, son ancien château, ses institutions civiles et religieuses, ouvrage composé d'après des documents pour la plupart inédits (Brussels, 1853)
* Histoire des environs de Bruxelles (10 vols., Brussels, 1855)
* Le Duc Jean I$^{er}$ et le Brabant sous le règne de ce prince (1267-1294) (Brussels and Liège, 1862)
* Table chronologique des chartes et diplômes imprimés concernant l'histoire de la Belgique (10 vols., Brussels, 1866–1907), partly published posthumously, edited by Stanislas Bormans
* De l'Origine et des premiers développements des libertés communales en Belgique, dans le Nord de la France, etc. (Brussels, 1869)
* Henry III, duc de Brabant (Brussels, 1875)
* Un poète du dix-neuvième siècle, Adolphe Mathieu, notice biographique (Brussels, 1880)
* Documents concernant le canal de Bruxelles à Willebroeck, précédés d'une introduction contenant un résumé de l'histoire de ce canal (Brussels, 1882)
* Liste par ordre chronologique des magistrats communaux de Bruxelles depuis 1794 jusqu'en 1883 (Brussels, 1884)
* Inventaire des cartulaires et autres registres faisant partie des archives anciennes de la ville de Bruxelles (2 vols., Brussels, 1888–1894).
* with Camille Lemonnier, Le Palais de la ville de Bruxelles à l'Exposition universelle de 1897 (Brussels, 1897)
* Quelques mots sur André Vésale, ses ascendants, sa famille et sa demeure à Bruxelles (Brussels, 1898)
# Sujita Shakya

Sujita Shakya is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepal Communist Party currently serving as the member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from Indigenous peoples category.
# Gustav Otto Ludolf Heine

Gustav Otto Ludolf Heine (January 7, 1868 – April 23, 1959) was the owner of a piano business (Heine Piano Company) in San Francisco, which was formerly his boss's (Bruenn Piano Company). He also manufactured automobiles under the name of Heine-Velox.

## Early life

Heine was born near Boizenburg in the German grand duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on January 7, 1868. He moved to Napa Valley, possibly in 1873, with his parents and seven siblings.

## Career

By the time Heine was sixteen years old, he moved to San Francisco and had gotten a job sweeping floors at the Bruenn Piano Company. He was soon trained as a piano tuner, and within two years became a partner at Bruenn. After a disagreement, Heine forcefully became owner of the company. He also sold pianos made by other manufacturers under his name; his pianos may say "Cincinnati" and "San Francisco".
Heine built a series of automobiles under the name of Heine-Velox. Three vehicles were manufactured before the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire destroyed both his workshop and piano store over on Union Square. He used his cars in relief efforts in the city, transporting people out of the city, carrying supplies like fresh milk and water, and even the dead for burial.
In 1907–08 he built some more cars with larger engines, these being featured in the San Francisco Auto Show in 1907. His car building activities were on hold until 1921 when he reintroduced the Heine-Velox name. The vehicle had a Weidly V-12 engine and retailed for $25,000. Around six were built.

## Death

Heine was found dead of a gunshot wound on April 23, 1959, at his three-story mansion in Sunol, California. His death was determined by the local sheriff to be a suicide.
# Elisabeth Helmer

Elisabeth Helmer (1854 – 1920) was an early Norwegian professional female photographer who had a studio in Grimstad. She was also one of the town's most important women's rights activists.

## Biography

Born on 24 October 1854 in Grimstad, Helmer was the daughter of the surveyor Jacob Holst Helmer. She was trained by the German-born Norwegian photographer Louise Abel who ran a studio in Christiania together with her husband Hans Abel. In 1896, she opened her own studio in Grimstad which she managed until 1912 when she ceded the business to Gunhild Larsen whom she had trained and introduced as her business partner in 1902. She also trained many other photographers. In addition to portraits, Helmer also took landscape photographs of Grimstad and the surroundings, several of which have been preserved in the National Library of Norway.
Helmer was also an active feminist, heading the Grimstad branch of Landskvindestemmeretsforeningen, the Norwegian women's rights association, and its successor Kvindernes Klub, the Women's Club.
# Tahilalats

Tahilalats, also known as Mindblowon, is an Indonesian-language webcomic which is created, written and illustrated by Nurfadli Mursyid. First published through the Instagram account @tahilalats in 2014, the daily four-panel comic is one of the most-followed webcomics in Indonesia, being published primarily via WEBTOON and social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. The webcomic follows the slice of life genre, generally with the addition of overexaggerated, absurd twists.

## History

In an interview with Antara News, Mursyid stated that he had been creating picture stories since he was child, unaware of the existence of comics. During his civil engineering studies in a polytechnic in Makassar, Mursyid became an illustrator for a local newspaper. Upon his graduation, he accepted a job offer from Jakarta-based social media company Dagelan. Mursyid's parents did not support his career choice until he got a stable income from it. Around this time, he began publishing four-panel comics through Instagram account @tahilalats (Tahi lalat is Indonesian for nevus, a large one of which is prominent on Mursyid's face while Mind Blowon is a portmanteau of mind blown and blo'on, an Indonesian slang for "dumb"). While he had begun publishing webcomics on his personal blog by 2013, it did not gain much attention. Contrary to the locally popular manga-styled webcomics of the time, Mursyid opted for a simpler style in order to deliver surreal stories akin to some western webcomics.
Due to the webcomic's rising popularity in social media, Mursyid received and accepted an offer from WEBTOON to become a contributor. Later in December 2015, he went to South Korea along with other popular Indonesian webcomic authors, attending the 2015 Webtoonist Day. A collection of Tahilalat strips was released in form of physical comic book in April 2017. Published by Loveable Publishers, the comic book was released as a limited print.

## Style

In general, the webcomic satirizes various daily activities of Indonesian teenagers and young adults ranging from having meals, taking examinations, driving, etc. by adding an absurd plot twist at later panels. Mursyid is self-taught, and most of inspiration comes from his own everyday life. Tahilalats' artstyle is inspired by western webcomics; Mursyid stated that this style "works fairly well for a comic strip with surreal storylines. Simple, but people get the idea." Most strips of Tahilalats are one-shots, although in several cases a page would be related to another one published afterwards.

## Reception

Tahilalats has become one of the most popular webcomics in Indonesia, with nearly 3 million subscribers through WEBTOON and 2.4 million Instagram followers, excluding its presence in other social media websites as of 2017. In May 2017, it was placed second between other Indonesian webcomics registered in WEBTOON, where Indonesians form the largest user base of the service.
# Glenn Stetson

Glenn Stetson (November 12, 1940 – August 22, 2003) was a Canadian singer, concert promoter and television producer. Glenn Campbell Stetson was born in the Ottawa Valley (Ramsayville) of eastern Ontario and raised in Hamilton, Ontario. He was a lead singer with The Diamonds, whose hits included "The Stroll", "Silhouettes", and "Little Darlin'", from the late 1960s through the 1990s. He studied theater under Sir Tyrone Guthrie, and appeared in the original Broadway productions of "H.M.S Pinafore" and "Funny Girl".
In the mid-1960s, he was a featured performer for Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. He toured Vietnam in 1966 with the USO. In 1968, he joined the Diamonds and helped keep their name and music alive through the 1970s and 1980s and 1990s, particularly on oldies tours and TV. The Diamonds toured Australia heavily in the 1970s with Australian rock-n-roll legend Lonnie Lee. Stetson released a solo album in the 1970s entitled "Stetson Country" that was produced by Wayne Jackson of the famed Memphis Horns. He and the Diamonds were frequent guests on Nashville Now with host Ralph Emery.
Stetson and Richard J. "Dick" Milano were founders of Little Darlin's Rock n’ Roll Palace in Kissimmee, Florida (opened in 1986, closed in 1992) which was a highly popular Orlando-area venue in the 1980s. He was co-executive producer for "Live at the Palace" (hosted by Wolfman Jack) on the Nashville Network (TNN). "Little Darlin's Rock-n-Roll Palace" and associated oldies tours revived the careers of many performers, notably Fabian, Dee Clark, Tommy Sands, The Shirelles, Danny & the Juniors, and The Tokens. He was also active in charitable fund-raising and civic organisations such as the Shriners of which he was an honorary member.
Stetson received a heart transplant in 2000 as a result of myocarditis. However, his health began to deteriorate and he died undergoing an operation on August 22, 2003, in Orlando, Florida.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Single | CAN Country |
| 1979 | "What Are We Doing" (with Lyoness and Judy Woodstock) | 52 |
# Vaughn Shoemaker

Vaughn Richard Shoemaker (August 11, 1902 Chicago, Illinois – August 18, 1991 Carol Stream, Illinois) was an American editorial cartoonist. He won the 1938 and 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning and created the character John Q. Public.
Shoemaker started his career at the Chicago Daily News and spent 22 years there, and was the chief cartoonist between 1925 and 1952. His 1938 Pulitzer cartoon for the paper was The Road Back, featuring a World War I soldier marching back to war. The 1947 winning cartoon for the paper was Still Racing His Shadow, featuring "new wage demands" of workers trying to outrun his shadow "cost of living". He went on to work for the New York Herald Tribune between 1956 and 1961, and both the Chicago American, and Chicago Today from 1961 to 1971. By his January, 1972 retirement he had drawn over 14,000 cartoons.
He lived in Carol Stream, Illinois and died of cancer at the age of 89.

## Gallery

* New Deal Lexicon, ink, 1935.
* Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde?, ink and crayon, Dallas Museum of Art.
* Smoke Screen, ink and crayon, Dallas Museum of Art.
* Valentine Awaited, ink and crayon, Dallas Museum of Art.
* Man of Destiny (Eisenhower), ink and crayon, 1952, Dallas Museum of Art.
* Man of Destiny (Stevenson), ink and crayon, 1952, Dallas Museum of Art.
# AlpenGold Hotel Davos

The AlpenGold Hotel, formerly branded as InterContinental, is a luxury hotel located in Davos, Switzerland. Opened in 2013 to serve as a vacation and business resort in the Grison Alps, it was managed under the brand InterContinental, one of the world's major luxury hotel and resort brands. The building is known worldwide for its "golden egg" architecture; it is the main hotel supporting the annual January meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos.
The hotel features 216 rooms, an indoor and outdoor swimming pool, a spa, as well as a private cinema.
# Jeanne W. Ross

Jeanne Wenzel Ross (born ca. 1952) is an American organizational theorist and principal research scientist at MIT Sloan School of Management and the MIT Center for Information Systems Research (CISR), specializes in Enterprise Architecture, ICT and Management. She is known for her work on IT governance, and Enterprise architecture.

## Biography

Ross received her BA from the University of Illinois in 1974, her MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1977, and her PhD in Management Information Systems from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1987 with the thesis, entitled "Management information systems department control over end-user computing in marketing departments" under supervision of Kate M. Kaiser.
After her graduation in 1978 Ross started her academic career as assistant professor at St. Norbert College. From 1989 to 1993 she was assistant professor at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and then she joined the Boston University School of Management. In the early 1990s she wrote her first working papers with Janis L. Gogan. In 1993 she moved to the MIT Sloan School of Management, where she became principal research scientist at MIT Sloan School’s Center for Information Systems Research (CISR). She served as the Center's director from 2008-2016. In June 2020 she retired from MIT CISR.
In 2001 Ross was founding editor of MIS Quarterly Executive, and she was Editor-in-Chief for some time. Ross' research is focused on "how firms develop competitive advantage through the implementation and reuse of digitized platforms."

## Selected publications

* Weill, Peter, and Jeanne W. Ross. IT governance: How top performers manage IT decision rights for superior results. Harvard Business Press, 2004.
* Ross, Jeanne W., Peter Weill, and David C. Robertson. Enterprise architecture as strategy: Creating a foundation for business execution. Harvard Business Press, 2006.
* Ross, Jeanne W., Cynthia Mathis Beath, and Martin Mocker. "Designed for Digital: How to Architect Your Business for Sustained Success." MIT Press, 2019.
Articles, a selection:
* Rockart, John F., Michael J. Earl, and Jeanne W. Ross. "Eight imperatives for the new IT organization." Sloan management review 38.1 (1996): 43-55.
* Ross, Jeanne W., Cynthia Mathis Beath, and Dale L. Goodhue. "Develop long-term competitiveness through IT assets." Sloan management review 38.1 (1996): 31-42.
* Ross, Jeanne W., and Michael R. Vitale. "The ERP revolution: surviving vs. thriving." Information systems frontiers 2.2 (2000): 233-241.
* Robey, Daniel, Jeanne W. Ross, and Marie-Claude Boudreau. "Learning to implement enterprise systems: an exploratory study of the dialectics of change." Journal of Management Information Systems 19.1 (2002): 17-46.
* Levina, Natalia, and Jeanne W. Ross. "From the vendor's perspective: exploring the value proposition in information technology outsourcing." MIS Quarterly (2003): 331-364.
# Ophryastini

Ophryastini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae. There are about 4 genera with 90 species in Ophryastini, found in North America, Asia, and Europe.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the tribe Ophryastini:
* Deracanthus Schönherr, 1823
* Ophryastes Germar, 1829
* Sapotes Casey, 1888
* † Ophryastites Scudder, 1893