OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tharakaparamesvarar Temple, Kondal

Tharakaparamesvarar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located at Kondal in Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu, India.

## Vaippu Sthalam

It is one of the shrines of the Vaippu Sthalams sung by Tamil Saivite Nayanar Appar and Sundarar.

## Presiding deity

The presiding deity in the garbhagriha is represented by the lingam known as Tharakaparamesvarar. He was worshipped by Vishnu.

## Lower Palani

This place is also called as Keela Palani or Lower Palani. There is a Subramania shrine in this temple which is known Kondal Kumara Subramaniar. This was sung by Arunagirinathar in his Thiruppugazh. It is said that Muruga put Brahma in a small prison in this place. On the advice of Shiva and Vishnu, Muruga released Brahma from there. Subramania with his consorts Valli and Deivanai is found in the shrine. He is with one face and four hands. He is in standing posture. There is also a processional deity of Muruga in this temple in the same posture. In the name of Vishnu, this place is known as Kariyavanakar, referring to Kariyavan (black in colour) and Kondal (in the colour of cloud).

## Structure

This place is also known as Kondal Vannankudi. Later it became as Valluvakkudi and then Kondal and Valluvakkudi. After crossing the front mandapa, the shrine of Muruga is found. Near to it the shrine of the presiding deity is found. In the rear side, temple garden is found. In the temple an inscription about the conduct of Kumbhabhishekham in 1978 is found. On the either side of garbhariha Vinayaka sculptures are found. There is no shrine for the Goddess in the temple. In the prakaram, shrines of Vinayaka, Vishnu, Idumban and Chandikesvarar are found.

## Location

In Sirkazhi-Panangattankudi road, after crossing the railway line, at a distance of 6 km Kondal is found. As this temple is known as Kondal Murugan Temple, one can ask for this and reach this place.
# Odo I, Count of Troyes

Odo (or Eudes) I (died 10 August 871) was the Count of Troyes from 852 to 859 and Count of Châteaudun through 871.
His ancestry is not known for certain. Onomastics would place him in the extended family of Odo I, Count of Orléans. The most recent studies make him a son of Robert, Count of Oberrheingau and Wormsgau, and Waldrada, a daughter of Count Odo of Orléans. If this theory is true, he was the elder brother of Robert the Strong.
Like the rest of his family, he was a loyal follower of Charles the Bald. Though well endowed with estates in Austrasia, like his brother Robert, he abandoned these after the Treaty of Verdun (843) in order to rejoin Charles the Bald. In 846, he was granted lands in the region of Châteaudun, made Count of Anjou, and wed to Wandilmodis.
In 852, after the death of Aleran, Count of Troyes, he was nominated to hold his vacant office and his brother Robert succeeded him in Anjou. In 853, he participated in the Capitulary of Servais as missi in conjunction with Bishop Wenilo of Sens. In 858, Charles named his son Louis the Stammerer to the ducatus Cenomannicus and Robert, angered by his loss of influence there, revolted and called in the aid of Louis the German. Odo soon joined him. The brothers were subsequently expelled from their counties and Troyes confiscated and confided to one Rudolph.
Odo may have recovered Troyes after Rudolph's death (866), but perhaps not. In any case, his brother made his submission in 861 and was given the March of Neustria. Odo's eponymous son was found in Troyes in 876. By Wandilmodis, he left three children:
* Odo II, Count of Troyes
* Robert I, Count of Troyes
* a daughter who married Emenon
# Art O'Gallagher

Art MacPhelim O'Gallagher, was Bishop of Raphoe from his appointment by the papacy in 1547 until the death of Queen Mary I in 1558. He died at Cenmaghair on 13 August 1561 and was greatly lamented in Tirconnell.
# Thompson Samkange

Thompson Samkange (1893–1956) was a major figure in the history of Rhodesian/Zimbabwean independence. He led the African National Council in 1945, and was one of the founders of the Bantu National Congress.
He was the father of Zimbabwean historical novelist Stanlake Samkange.
# Sneha Paliyeri

Sneha Paliyeri also known as Sneha M is a dubbing artist (voice artist) in Malayalam films. She is also a film actress, stage performer, theatre artist and professionally a teacher. She was born in Kannur, a district of Kerala. Her parents, Padmanabhan and Jayanthi, are both teachers. She married Naveen Kumar. She is a post-graduate in physics and a BEd

## Career

Paliyeri participated in the youth festival venues of the Kannur University Interzone Youth Festival, with mono act performance for seven years. She also acted in several plays. She appeared in the films Kavi Uddheshichathu..? directed by Thomas Kutty, Vellam directed by Prajesh Sen, and Thuramukham (2020) directed by Rajeev Ravi.She also appeared in webseries titled Instagraamam.

## Filmography

As dubbing artist
| Year | Film | Actress |
| 2017 | Eeda | Nimisha Sajayan |
| 2018 | Lilly | Samyuktha Menon |
| 2019 | Marconi Mathai | Athmiya Rajan |
| 2019 | Pranaya Meenukalude Kadal | Riddhi Kumar |
| 2019 | Ambili | Tanvi Ram |
| 2020 | Kappela | Tanvi Ram |

## Accolades

| Award | Year | Film | For | Ref. |
| Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist | 2017 | Eeda | Nimisha Sajayan | |
| Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist | 2018 | Lilly | Samyuktha Menon | |
# Sörnäinen curve

The Sörnäinen curve (Finnish: Sörnäisten kurvi, Swedish: Sörnäskurvan), also known as Sörkän kurvi or just Kurvi, is an area in the eastern part of the Helsinki city proper in Finland, at the intersection point of the neighbourhoods of Sörnäinen, Kallio and Alppiharju. The area is located around the point where the street Hämeentie curves to the right going north and the street Helsinginkatu branches off it to the west. The curve area covers the whole area on the intersection of Helsinginkatu and Hämeentie. The curve serves as a hub for many public transport connections, including the Sörnäinen metro station. One of the former landmarks of the curve was the building of the insurance company Kansa and the light tower located on top of it.
After the war, Finnish magazines perpetuated the traditionally bad reputation of the area around the curve, Vaasankatu and Linjat. At the time, the restless reputation of the curve mostly resulted from the thousands of children and youth of the residential area taking control of the streets unaware of their own "dangerousness". The homeless shelters and dormitories in the area also contributed to the restlessness. Apu magazine published provocative reports of the Sörkka underworld in the 1950s, but this fell out of use in the 1960s, and only the moonshine smugglers on Vaasankatu attracted media attention. "The restless Helsinki" began to concentrate more around the Helsinki central railway station. The Vaasanpuistikko square near the curve has had a restless reputation up to the 2010s. It has been called Piritori ("Amphetamine Square") in colloquial speech.
Slightly to the south, around the Itäinen Viertotie street (now known as Hämeentie), a group of working-class quarters called Suruttomien villat ("The villas of the carefree"), which were mostly dismantled in the early 1930s. On the second day of the Winter War, five explosion bombs hit the Vaasanpuistikko square, causing great fragment and window damage to the nearby houses.
In 1937, a large building called Perämiehen talo after the restaurant located in it was built on the corner of Hämeentie and Helsinginkatu. Elanto bought the house in the 1950s, sold off the apartments as shares and renamed the house as Hämeentähti. Later the house was called the Kurvi house.

## Sources

* Nenonen, Kaija—Toppari, Kirsi: Herrasväen ja työläisten kaupunki. Helsingin vanhoja kortteleita 2, p. 258 and 270-273. Helsingin Sanomat, 1983. ISBN 951-9135-03-0.
# Forficula lesnei

Forficula lesnei, or Lesne's earwig, is a species of earwig from Europe, particularly Britain. Compared to the common earwig, Lesne's earwig is shorter, with a body length around 8 mm (0.31 in). It also lacks hind wings. It can be found dwelling on the shrub Clematis vitalba.
# Islands in the Stream

Islands in the Stream may refer to:
* Islands in the Stream (novel), a novel by Ernest Hemingway, published posthumously in 1970
* Islands in the Stream (film), a 1977 film adaptation of the Hemingway novel starring George C. Scott
* "Islands in the Stream" (song), a 1983 country and pop song, written by the Bee Gees and originally sung by Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton
* "Islands in the Stream", a 2004 episode of Degrassi: The Next Generation
* Nurikabe (puzzle), a logic puzzle sometimes called Islands in the Stream
# Solomon Enow

Solomon "Daddy" Enow (born 18 March 1987) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a defender for Italian club Sangiustese. He also holds Italian nationality.

## Career

Born in Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon, Enow moved to Italy at young age. Enow was a player for Voghera in 2004–05 and 2005–06 Serie D. He also played for the reserve team of Sampdoria from 2003 to January 2005 and 2006–07 season. In 2007 Enow left for Serie C1 club Gallipoli. On 26 January 2008 Enow moved to Serie C2 club Castelnuovo. In 2008, he was spotted by Legnano. Enow played 26 times in the first edition of Lega Pro Prima Divisione (ex-Serie C1).

### Spezia

On 18 July 2009, Enow joined Spezia. Sampdoria gifted the fourth tier club half of the registration rights of Enow and Luca Calzolaio for €500 each. Enow signed a four-year contract. Spezia finished as the runner-up of 2009–10 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione. On 25 June 2010, Sampdoria gave up the remaining 50% registration rights of Calzolaio and Enow to Spezia for free. Enow played 1+1⁄2 seasons for Spezia in the third tier. On 31 January 2012, Enow left for Lecco. Lecco finished as the losing side of the relegation playoffs of 2011–12 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione, thus relegated to Serie D.

### Parma

On 31 August 2012, Enow was signed by Parma F.C. for free. Spezia had signed Lorenzo Crisetig (Parma/Inter), Alessandro Iacobucci (Parma/Siena), Matteo Mandorlini (Brescia/Parma), Stefano Okaka, Mário Rui and Raffaele Schiavi in temporary deals from Parma for free. Enow was immediately left for Romanian club CFR Cluj, but soon left for Unirea Dej. He scored few goals for the Liga III club.

### Gorica

In June 2013 Enow was sold to Slovenian club Gorica for €1 million. Uroš Celcer and Alen Jogan also joined Parma for undisclosed fee from Gorica.
Enow signed a three-year contract with Gorica. The paperwork was finalized on 17 July. He was released in summer 2015.
# Henry P. Kidder

Henry Purkitt Kidder (January 18, 1823 – January 28, 1886) was an American bank founder born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Early life

Kidder was born on January 18, 1823, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His parents were Thomas Kidder, a Boston civil servant in charge of meat and fish inspection, and the former Clarissa Purkitt.
Kidder was educated at Boston English High School.

## Career

In 1838, he became a clerk in a grocery store, and at age 18, became a clerk in the office of Coolidge & Haskell. In 1847, Kidder joined J.E. Thayer & Brother, where he learned banking.
In April 1865, Kidder, Francis H. Peabody, and Oliver W. Peabody, all of whom had previously worked as clerks at J.E. Thayer & Brother, established Kidder, Peabody & Co., via reorganization of J.E. Thayer & Brother. In 1886, Kidder, Peabody became the agents of the London bank, Baring Brothers.

## Personal life

Kidder served on several charitable boards.
Kidder died on January 28, 1886, in New York City.
# H. H. Maxwell

Hugh H. Maxwell was Auditor of Public Accounts of the Illinois Territory from 1812 to 1816. He was elected by the Governor of the Illinois Territory, Ninian Edwards. According to the Illinois Comptroller's Office Official Website there is no further existing information regarding Maxwell except his name and his tenure.
# Heinrich Lauenstein

Heinrich Lauenstein (26 September 1835, Hüddessum, near Hildesheim – 16 May 1910, Düsseldorf) was a German painter and art professor; associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule. He specialized in portraits, many of them of children, and religious scenes.

## Life and work

His father, Christoph Lauenstein, was a mill owner in Hildesheim. He worked as a decorative painter until 1859 when, thanks to a grant from King George V of Hanover., he was able to enroll at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. There, he studied with Heinrich Mücke, the brothers Andreas and Karl Müller, Karl Ferdinand Sohn and Rudolf Wiegmann. In 1863, he attended history painting classes taught by Eduard Bendemann then, from 1867, studied with the religious painter, Ernst Deger. That same year, he assisted Andreas Müller with murals in the new museum at Sigmaringen Castle.
While still studying, he became an assistant teacher in the beginner's class, which he headed after 1881. His best known students there included Heinrich Nauen and Max Clarenbach. From 1897 until his death, he was a Professor of religious history painting at the Kunstakademie. His work in that genre was heavily influenced by the Nazarenes, whose style had become largely obsolete by the end of the 1860s.
In 1873, he became a member of the progressive artists' association, Malkasten. The following year, he married Emilie Peters. They had several children. She died in 1893. Their first-born daughter, Ottilie, married the insurance manager, Johannes Nordhoff [de]. They had three children, including Heinrich Nordhoff, who became the CEO of Volkswagen AG.
In addition to his regular paintings, he created several altarpieces. Some of his most familiar works were commissioned by the German-American businessman and art collector, John D. Lankenau, of Philadelphia.

## Other notable students

* Georg Burmester (1864–1936)
* Heinrich Hermanns (1862–1942)
* Meinrad Iten (1867–1932)
* Heinrich Nüttgens [de] (1866–1951)
* Fritz Reiss (1857–1915)
* August Schlüter [de] (1858–1928)
* Wilhelm Schreuer (1866–1933)
* Friedrich Schwinge (1852–1913)
* Karl Sondermann [de] (1862–1926)
* Fritz von Wille (1860–1941)
# Thompson Sound

Thompson Sound may refer to
* Thompson Sound, British Columbia, an unincorporated locality
* Thompson Sound (British Columbia), a sound in the area of the Broughton Archipelago
* Thompson Sound (New Zealand), an indentation in the coast of Fiordland National Park, New Zealand
# Solidago curtisii

Solidago curtisii, commonly called Curtis' goldenrod and mountain decumbent goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is the eastern part of the United States from Pennsylvania to Mississippi and Alabama, primarily in the southern Appalachian Mountains.
Solidago curtisii is a perennial herb sometimes as much as 100 cm (40 inches) tall, with a thick, woody underground caudex. Stem is narrow, wiry, and dark purple. One plant can produce up to 800 small yellow flower heads in small clumps in the axils of the leaves.

## Galls

This species is host to the fillowing insect induced gall:
* Asteromyia carbonifera (Osten Sacken, 1862)
external link to gallformers

### Varieties

* Solidago curtisii var. curtisii - high elevations in mountains from Georgia to West Virginia
* Solidago curtisii var. flaccidifolia (Small) R.E.Cook & Semple - lower elevations from Mississippi to Pennsylvania
# Southern Oceanic languages

The Southern Oceanic languages are a linkage (rather than family) of Oceanic languages spoken in Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It was proposed by John Lynch in 1995 and supported by later studies. It appears to be a linkage rather than a language family with a clearly defined internal nested structure.

## Classification

Clark (2009) groups the North Vanuatu and Central Vanuatu languages together into a North-Central Vanuatu (NCV) group and also reconstructs Proto-North-Central Vanuatu, but this is not accepted by Lynch (2018).
In addition to the Temotu languages and the Northwest Solomonic languages of the western Solomon Islands, Geraghty (2017) notes that many Southern Oceanic languages are often lexically and typologically aberrant, likely with Papuan substrata - particularly the Espiritu Santo, Malakula, South Vanuatu, and New Caledonian languages, and perhaps also some Central Vanuatu languages of Ambrym and Efate.$^{:823–826}$ Nevertheless, languages in the eastern Solomon Islands, including Guadalcanal, Malaita, Makira, and a scattering of North Vanuatu languages including Mota, Raga, and Tamambo, are much more conservative.

## Languages

Following Clark (2009) and Glottolog 4.0, three major groups can be delineated, which are North-Central Vanuatu, South Vanuatu, and New Caledonian. The first group is a linkage, while the others form genetic subgroups.
* North-Central Vanuatu
* South Vanuatu
* New Caledonian

### Lynch (1995)

Lynch (1995) tentatively grouped the languages as follows:
* Banks–Torres family
* Northwest Santo family
* Southwest Santo family
* Sakao
* East Santo family
* Ambae–Maewo family
* Nuclear Southern Oceanic linkage
** Central Vanuatu linkage
*** Malekula Coastal
*** Malekula Interior
*** Pentecost
*** Ambrym–Paama
** Epi–Efate
*** Epi
*** Shepherds–North Efate
** South Efate – Southern Melanesian linkage
*** South Efate dialect network
*** Southern Melanesian family
**** Southern Vanuatu family
**** New Caledonian family
The non-nuclear branches are subsumed under Northern Vanuatu.

### Ross, Pawley, & Osmond (2016)

Ross, Pawley, & Osmond (2016) propose the following internal classification for Southern Oceanic.$^{:10}$
* Southern Oceanic linkage
** North Vanuatu linkage
** Nuclear Southern Oceanic linkage
*** Central Vanuatu linkage
*** South Vanuatu languages
*** Loyalties-New Caledonia languages
# November 2020 Afghanistan attacks

vteWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021) :
The November 2020 Afghanistan attacks were multiple attacks launched by insurgents including the Taliban and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province in November 2020. The attacks left at least 88 people dead and more than 193 injured.

## Timeline of the attacks

| Date | Location | Dead | Injured | Details |
| 1 | Herat, Herat Province | 3 | 2 | A bombing attack in Herat, Herat Province left at least 3 police dead and another 2 people were injured. |
| 1 | Kunduz Province | 4 | 8 | At least 4 people were killed and another 8 were injured after a mortar shell hit Kunduz Province. |
| 2 | Kabul, Kabul Province | 32 (+3) | 50 | 2020 Kabul University attack - At least 32 people were killed and 50 others injured in an attack on Kabul University. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility for the attack. |
| 7 | Kabul, Kabul Province | 3 | 0 | A bomb attached to the vehicle of former TOLO TV presenter Yama Siawash exploded in the morning, killing the journalist and two other civilians while they were inside the car. |
| 8 | Baghlan Province | 4 | 6 | Multiple attacks left at least 4 soldiers dead and 6 injured in Baghlan Province. |
| 8 | Ghazni, Ghazni District, Ghazni Province | 8 | 7 | Taliban attacked houses with mortars in Ghazni city, Ghazni Province. The attack left at least 8 people dead and another 7 were injured. |
| 10 | Faryab Province | 4 | 20 | At least 4 police were killed in car bombing attack and another 20 people were injured. |
| 10 | Maidan Wardak Province | 1 | 5 | A bomb killed one and 5 others were injured in Maidan Wardak Province. |
| 11 | Kabul Province | 2 | 1 | A magnetic bomb kills at least 2 police and another was injured in Lab-e-Jar area, Kabul Province. |
| 11 | Kabul Province | 2 | 0 | At least 2 soldiers were killed in a shooting attack. The attack occurred in Qala-e-Wazir area, Kabul Province. |
| 12 | Helmand Province | 1 | 0 | A bomb killed a reporter in Helmand Province. |
| 13 | Paghman District, Kabul Province | 4 | 5 | Car bombing left at least 4 soldiers dead and 5 others were injured in Paghman District, Kabul Province. |
| 17 | Jurm District, Badakhshan Province | 12 | 10 | Taliban kills at least 12 police and injured 10 others in Jurm District, Badakhshan Province. |
| 21 | Kabul | 8 | 31 | ISIL claim responsibility for rocket attacks which hit several buildings, including the Iranian embassy, an office and a medical centre. |
| 22 | Ghazni | 30 | 24 | At least 30 Afghani Security personnel were killed and at least 24 were wounded in a car bombing, but no one has claimed responsibility. The Taliban said they did not, nor did perpetrate the attack. |
| 23 | Qalat | 4 | 24 | 4 civilians were killed, and 24 were injured, 4 critically, by a suicide attack in the Zabul District, Qalat province. No one has claimed responsibility |
# Garudinia successana

Garudinia successana is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found on Sulawesi in Indonesia.
# Henry P. Melnikow

Henry P. Melnikow (August 6, 1892 – May 8, 1963) was an economic consultant to unions involved in labor, and represented numerous labor unions in finding compromises between unions and workers. He was a professor at the University of California, where he instructed extension courses for workers in industry. He was the director of the National Labor Bureau and dedicated close to fifty years of his life to the service of organized labor in California and protecting and promoting the rights of workers. In his later life he gave speeches at many UC schools supporting workers rights.

## Background

Henry P. Melnikow was born in 1892 in Kyiv, Russian Empire, where his father was a shopkeeper. In 1905 Henry moved to the United States with his family, where he was educated at Milwaukee Normal School. He attended the University of Wisconsin from 1912 to 1916 and then the University of California from 1921 to 1923. He became a teacher and a lawyer, and he resided in San Francisco for the majority of his life. He moved to Los Angeles in 1951. Melnikow spent most of his life fighting for workers' rights. He died May 8, 1963, at the age of 71.

## Significant contributions and legacy

Henry Melnikow was the director of the National Labor Bureau in San Francisco, where he fought and argued for labor rights in California. Some of his more significant contributions to the labor struggle included being involved in hearings on the proposed shipping code under the National Recovery Administration, and he was involved in and had influence over both the waterfront and general strikes He argued for the longshoremen and seamen before the National Longshoremen's Board from 1934 to 1935, and he submitted a case for the San Francisco Typographical University, arguing "that wages must increase if workers are to share in increase of productivity and industry resulting from improvement in Machinery and technique." He died while working on a way to solve a similar problem of quality of employment and job rearrangement that was caused by new automation and improvements to technology. Melnikow is remembered for his significant contribution to labor programs, and it was said in the UCLA Newsletter that his contributions to this area are "Historic importance to the field of labor relations." He is remembered for his enthusiasm and energy in helping improve the working conditions many working men and women throughout California and the United States.
# Jacques de Harlay

Jacques de Harlay, lord of Champvallon or Chanvallon (? - 3 April 1630) was a French nobleman. He was a son of Louis de Harlay, Baron of Montglas and his wife Louise de Carre. His coat of arms was "D’argent à deux pals de sable".
He is most notable as a lover of Margaret of Valois - their love affair with her was immortalised by poems in which she called him her "handsome sun" ("beau soleil"). He was Grand Squire (Grand écuyer) to her brother Francis, Duke of Anjou.

## Marriage and issue

On 20 August 1582, he married Catherine de La Marck, lady of Bréval (born 1548), daughter of Robert IV de La Marck and Françoise de Brézé (the latter being daughter of Louis de Brézé). They had at least two children, Achille and François.