OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# European Film Fund

The European Film Fund (EFF), also known as the European Relief Fund, was a non-profit organization established by the talent agent and producer Paul Kohner.

## History

The European Film Fund was founded on November 5, 1938 on the initiative of Paul Kohner, Ernst Lubitsch, and Universal Pictures studio head, Carl Laemmle. Founder members were William Dieterle, Bruno Frank, Felix Jackson, Salka Viertel and Ernst Lubitsch. The Domicile of the EFF was Paul Kohner Talent Agency and president was Ernst Lubitsch, because he was considered the best known European filmmaker in Hollywood. The organisation was founded to help European emigrants who needed Affidavits, money or jobs. That is why, Liesl Frank, Bruno Frank's wife, worked together with the Emergency Rescue Committee.
The fund collected and distributed money, some filmmakers donated one percent of their fees. For example, Michael Curtiz and William Wyler, both Jewish and, respectively, of Hungarian and Swiss-German origin, were especially generous. Furthermore, there were earnings from benefit performances.
In the early 1940s the fund earned about $40,000. Some persons were supported by credits, others by donations. Several beneficiaries of the EFF got jobs in the film industry (esp. at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros.) as screenwriters. These jobs weren't paid very well but they often were the precondition for getting visas. Many European filmmakers couldn't repay the money, because they didn't find well paid jobs.
   The more clear-headed émigrés understood very soon that these salaries paid them by Hollywood were fictitious, at least when the realized that, while they earned $100 or $200 a week for completely useless work, a real screen writer earned $3,500. It was quite symbolic that once their contracts expired[…].
EFF was closed in 1948.

## List of benefit recipients

* Heinrich Mann
* Leonhard Frank
* Alfred Döblin
* Wilhelm Speyer
* Hans G. Lustig
* Walter Mehring
* Bertolt Brecht
* Ludwig Marcuse
* Ernst Lothar
# Shuko

Shuko, Shūko or Shuuko (written: 周子, 修子 or 柊子) is a feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Shuko (actress) (柊子, born 1991), Japanese actress and lyricist
* Shuko Akune (born 1959) American actress
* Shuko Aoyama (青山 修子, born 1987), Japanese tennis player
* Shūko Honami (本阿弥 周子, born 1950), Japanese actress
Shūkō or Shuukou (written: 修功) is a separate masculine Japanese given name, though it may also be romanized the same way. Notable people with the name include:

## Fictional characters

* Shūko Komi, a character from Komi Can't Communicate
# Alex Weir

Alex Weir may refer to:
* Alex Weir (cricketer) (1921–2006), Australian cricketer
* Alex Weir (musician), American guitarist
* Alex Weir (footballer, born 1916) (1916–2003), Scottish footballer
* Alex Weir (footballer, born 1879), Scottish footballer
* Alex Weir (soccer), Scottish-American soccer player
# Fit to Govern: The Native Intelligence of Thabo Mbeki

Fit to Govern: The native intelligence of Thabo Mbeki is a 2007 biography of Former South African President Thabo Mbeki by British West Indian writer Ronald Suresh Roberts.

## Background

Following Roberts' work on the South African constitution, Mbeki approached him to write the first authorised biography of his life.

## Criticism

Roberts' work on Mbeki was heavily criticised as a hagiography. Absa Group Limited sponsored the book, contributing R1.43 million towards it. The Democratic Alliance political party accused Minister in the Presidency Essop Pahad of arranging for the sponsorship as an official act of the South African government, rather than as a private citizen, despite Pahad's reporting directly to Mbeki.
In 2007, author Anthony Brink accused Roberts of plagiarising sections of the biography and launched a campaign to publicise the claim by way of an e-book titled Lying and Thieving: The Fraudulent Scholarship of Ronald Suresh Roberts in "Fit to Govern: The Native Intelligence of Thabo Mbeki".
# Shorn Cliff and Caswell Woods

Shorn Cliff And Caswell Woods (SO540005 & SO540990) is a 69.2-hectare (171-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1986. The site is listed in the 'Forest of Dean Local Plan Review' as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).
The site lies in the Forest of Dean in the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Both the Cliff and Woods are on Carboniferous Limestone and are on the east slopes of the Lower Wye Gorge which is also notified as an SSSI. This continuous belt of woodland stretches from Brockweir to Tutshill. The woodlands of the lower Wye Valley are one of the most important areas in Great Britain for woodland conservation. The woods lie within a matrix of semi-natural habitats and unimproved grassland. This contributes to the diversity and richness of this area of southern Britain.
Wye Valley Woodlands/ Coetiroedd Dyffryn Gwy are recognised as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the EU Habitats Directive.

## Habitat and flora

The site contains a wide range of semi-natural woodland trees and rare and uncommon plants. Beech is dominant on the upper slopes and is frequently ancient coppice. Where the soil is calcareous there are Small-leaved Lime, Ash and Yew. Silver Birch and Oak grow on the acidic soils. Mature woodland does not support a strong ground flora and here is dominated by Ivy and species such as Spurge Laurel. Coppiced areas allow in light and denser ground flora occurs.
Coppiced ash woodland and small-leaved lime woodland are supported on the lower slopes. There are scattered Field Maple and shrubs are present such as Hazel, Wayfaring-tree and Guelder-rose. Ferns are numerous such as Hart's-tongue, Soft Shield-fern and Hard Shield-fern. Alder grows is the wetter soils near the River Wye (also notified as an SSSI) in Caswell Wood (Lynweir Grove).
There are woodland rides which support various plant life. There are springs on the lower slopes of Shorn Cliff Woods and other seepages in the area, and these provide opportunity for various plants to flourish which require this kind of habitat. These include Great Horsetail, Hemp Agrimony and Pendulous Sedge.
The site supports the nationally rare Wood Fescue and Narrow-leaved Bitter-cress. Local rarities include Wood-rush (Luzula forsteri), Wild Madder, Lily-of-the-valley and Tutsan. Martagon Lily is supported in adjacent woodland (Lippets Grove), which is a Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust nature reserve about half a mile south of Brockweir, and is leased from the Forestry Commission. The Grove is accessed along Offa's Dyke Path.

## Fauna

The site has bare limestone rock exposures which are a recorded breeding area for such birds as kestrel.
# Gmina Skrzyszów

Gmina Skrzyszów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Skrzyszów, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Tarnów and 81 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.
The gmina covers an area of 86.23 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,022.

## Villages

Gmina Skrzyszów contains the villages and settlements of Ładna, Łękawica, Pogórska Wola, Skrzyszów and Szynwałd.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Skrzyszów is bordered by the city of Tarnów and by the gminas of Czarna, Pilzno, Ryglice, Tarnów and Tuchów.
# George Pickering (cricketer)

George Pickering (1832 – 1 December 1858) was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1858. His preferred batting style was left-handed batting.
# Hill Street Blues (theme)

"Hill Street Blues" is a 1981 instrumental by Mike Post. It is the theme from the TV series Hill Street Blues, and features Larry Carlton on guitar.
The single spent over five months on the charts and reached number 10 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It became an Adult Contemporary hit in the U.S. (No. 4) and Canada (No. 29). It became Post's second Top 10 hit, matching the performance of his first hit in 1975, "Theme from The Rockford Files". The single also charted in the UK (No. 25).
At the 24th Annual Grammy Awards in 1982, the song won the Grammy for Best Pop Instrumental Performance with Grammys awarded to Mike Post & Larry Carlton.

## Notable covers

* Jazz pianist Rodney Franklin on his 1981 LP, Endless Flight.
* Richard Clayderman on Special Requests 2001.
# Interim freezing order

An interim freezing order is a type of court order issued by a British court to freeze access to a person's property while they are under investigation.
# Interim and Acting President of Israel

Interim President of the Israel and Acting President of Israel are temporary posts established by Israeli Basic Law for the State of Israel. These are two different offices, the Interim President in case of presidential vacancy, and Acting President when the President remains in office but temporarily cannot fulfill his or her duties.

## Interim President

The Basic Law states that in case of the death, resignation or removal from office of the President, the Speaker of the Knesset shall become Interim President:
If the place of the President of the State has fallen vacant, and so long as the new President has not yet begun to hold office, the Speaker of the Knesset shall hold office as Interim President of the State
An Interim President, who retains his post of Knesset Speaker, serves until the Knesset chooses a new President.
The following individuals have served as Interim President:
* Yosef Sprinzak (November 9 – December 8, 1953)
* Kadish Luz (April 23 – May 21, 1963)
* Avraham Burg (July 13 – August 1, 2000)
* Dalia Itzik (July 1 – July 15, 2007)

## Acting President

During a period in which the President of the State has temporarily ceased to carry out his functions and exercise his powers, the Speaker of the Knesset shall hold office as Acting President of the State
Disregarding cases in which the President is outside Israel (and is legally deemed to "cease to carry out his functions and exercise his powers"), the most recent person to serve as Acting President was Dalia Itzik, when Moshe Katzav was suspended. However, when including those cases, the speaker of the knesset receives the role every time the president goes abroad.
Majalli Wahabi, briefly became Israel's Acting President due to Moshe Katzav's leave of absence and Dalia Itzik's trip abroad in February 2007, making him the first non-Jew (Druze) to act as Israel's head of state.
# Three needle bindoff

In knitting, the three needle bindoff is a method of joining two pieces of knitted fabric using three needles. One needle is on each piece of the fabric, and a third needle is used for the knitting.
The three needle bindoff is useful for joining the front and back pieces of a sweater.

## Method

The three needle bindoff is done by lining up the two needles on the fabrics next to one another. The outer sides of the fabric face one another.
From one piece of fabric, one stitch is moved to the needle holding the other. The third needle is placed under both stitches, second stitch first. A piece of excess yarn is wrapped around, and the stitch is knitted. The resulting stitch remains on the third needle.
For the next stitch, a stitch from needle B is moved to needle A, and the step is repeated, with the resulting stitch moved to needle C. On needle C, the second stitch is lifted above the first stitch and off the needle.
This process is repeated until there are no more stitches.
# Thot

Thot may refer to:
* Duckie Thot (born 1995), Australian model
* Nim Thot, Cambodian politician
* Thốt Nốt district, in Vietnam
* a subgroup of the fictional Breen in Star Trek
* an American slang word similar to slut
# Graftonite

Graftonite is an iron(II), manganese, calcium phosphate mineral with the chemical formula (Fe$^{2+}$,Mn,Ca)$_3$(PO$_4$)$_2$. It forms lamellar to granular translucent brown to red-brown to pink monoclinic prismatic crystals. It has a vitreous luster with a Mohs hardness of 5 and a specific gravity of 3.67 to 3.7.
It was first described from its type locality of Melvin Mountain in the town of Grafton, in Grafton County, New Hampshire.
# Integrated Middleware Platform

IMP is an integrated middleware platform for external system aiming to service logic communication. The IMP receives the messages from outside and translates into messages understandable by SCS. By this way, IMP isolates the external platform and enhances the communication of efficiency and safety. By the other way, IMP will connect with OLC Server and CSIP Server by northbound interface.
# Thryptomene orbiculata

Thryptomene orbiculata is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with broadly egg-shaped to more or less round leaves, and flowers with five pinkish petals and usually ten stamens.

## Description

Thryptomene orbiculata is a shrub that typically grows to 0.5–1.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 11 in) high and wide. Its leaves are broadly egg-shaped to more or less round, 2–3.5 mm (0.079–0.138 in) long and 2.3–3.3 mm (0.091–0.130 in) wide on a petiole 0.4–0.7 mm (0.016–0.028 in) long and more or less pressed against the stem. The flowers are arranged raceme-like in five to fifteen pairs along the branches on peduncles 1–2.5 mm (0.039–0.098 in) long with bracteoles 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) long that remain until the fruit falls. The flowers are 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide with petal-like sepals 2.0–2.5 mm (0.079–0.098 in) long. The petals are pink to pinkish-mauve, 2.2–2.4 mm (0.087–0.094 in) long and there are usually ten stamens. Flowering occurs from July to October.

## Taxonomy

Thryptomene orbiculata was first formally described in 2014 by Barbara Lynette Rye and Malcolm Eric Trudgen in the journal Nuytsia from specimens Trudgen collected north-east of Geraldton in 2003. The specific epithet (orbiculata) means "circular", referring to the shape of the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

This thryptomene usually grows in sandy soil from near East Yuna to near Mingenew in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic regions of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Thryptomene orbiculata is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.
# Nonnenbach

Nonnenbach may refer to:
* Nonnenbach (Ahr), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary of the Ahr
* Nonnenbach (Aschaff), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Aschaff
* Nonnenbach (Bodensee), a river of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, Germany, tributary of Lake Constance
* Nonne (river), also called Nonnenbach, a river of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, tributary of the Tollensesee
# Government Degree College, Kalakote

Government Degree College Kalakote (GDC Kalakote) is a government run educational college located in the Kalakote town of Rajouri district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is affiliated with Jammu University and is recognised by the University Grants Commission.

## History

On June 30, 2011, Jammu and Kashmir government has approved setting up of 22 new degree colleges in the state (now UT). The degree colleges were purposed to set up under the centrally sponsored scheme Establishment of Model Degree Colleges in Educationally Backward districts.

## Academics

The college offers Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in various subjects. There are total of 161 students and 8 teachers in college. Many camps, conferences and awareness programs also organized for students.

## Campus

The old campus of GDC Kalakote was inside the campus of Government Higher Secondary School Kalakote and was functioning with only three rooms. In 2023, classes were moved to the newly built campus at Chainpur village about 2 km away from old campus. The new campus is a two-floor building with classrooms, library, computer lab and some open area for sports and other activities.
# Government Degree College, Kishtwar

Government Degree College, Kishtwar, established in 1986, is a general degree college in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. This college serves the people of Kishtwar and its adjoining areas. This college offers courses in arts, science, and commerce. It is affiliated to University of Jammu.

## Departments and courses

The college offers different undergraduate courses and aims at imparting education to the undergraduates of lower- and middle-class people of Kishtwar and its adjoining areas.

### Science

Science faculty consists of the departments of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Botany, Zoology, Environmental Science, and Fisheries.

### Arts and Commerce

Arts and Commerce faculty consists of departments of English, Urdu, Persian, Hindi, History, Political Science, Education, Sociology, Economics, and Commerce.

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Graham Dow

Geoffrey Graham Dow (born 4 July 1942) is a retired British Anglican bishop. He was the Bishop of Carlisle from 2000 to 2009, the 66th holder of the office. He is a well-known Evangelical.

## Early life

Born in 1942, in Edmonton, London, Dow was educated at St Albans School and The Queen's College, Oxford.

## Religious appointments

Before his arrival in Carlisle, Dow was the vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Coventry prior to his appointment as Bishop of Willesden (an area bishopric in the Diocese of London) in 1992. He was consecrated as bishop on 22 May 1992 at St Paul's Cathedral, by George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury.
Dow was made the Bishop of Carlisle in 2000 and retired from this position at the end of April 2009.

## Position and statements

Dow was one of the rebel bishops who signed a letter against Rowan Williams' decision not to block the appointment of Jeffrey John as Bishop of Reading in 2003. The other diocesan bishop signatories (referred to, since there were nine, as the Nazgûl) were: Michael Scott-Joynt (Bishop of Winchester), Michael Langrish (Exeter), Michael Nazir-Ali (Rochester), Peter Forster (Chester), James Jones (Liverpool), George Cassidy (Southwell & Nottingham), John Hind (Chichester) and David James (Bradford).
In 2005, Dow attracted media attention when he said that a stone in Carlisle inscribed with a 16th-century curse should be removed. The curse was pronounced on the Border Reivers by the Archbishop of Glasgow and was inscribed on a stone as part of the city's millennium celebrations. Subsequently, some Carlisle residents blamed disasters, such as an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, flooding and the relegation of the local football team from its league on the presence of the stone. Dow stated that "The original curse was not a godly act. For this reason I have always said that it would be better if the stone were not there" and said he intended to ask the current archbishop of Glasgow, Mario Conti, to come to Carlisle and perform a blessing to remove the curse.
Dow's activities have included giving a blessing at the launch of HMS Astute in Barrow-in-Furness on 8 June 2007.

### Natural disasters as divine retribution

In July 2007, following widespread storms over parts of the United Kingdom, Dow stated that he believed the resulting flooding (in which several people were killed) was an act of divine retribution, the result of God's "strong and definite judgement" on the "moral degradation" of British society. In particular, he blamed the economic exploitation of poorer nations and the United Kingdom's introduction of laws aimed at reducing discrimination against gay people, notably the proposals to introduce same-sex marriage. He stated that "the Sexual Orientation Regulations are part of a general scene of permissiveness. We are in a situation where we are liable for God's judgement."
According to an article in The Times, Dow is a specialist in exorcism, explaining in a leaflet entitled Explaining Deliverance that "There is a view that both oral and anal sexual practice is liable to allow entry to spirits."

## Personal life

Dow is married to Molly and they have four adult children.
# Graham Douglas

Graham Douglas can refer to:
* Graham Douglas (cricketer) (born 1945), New Zealand cricketer
* Graham Douglas (sculptor) (1879–1954), American sculptor
# Thylacosceles acridomima

Thylacosceles acridomima, also known as the pūniu spore-eater or the micro-featherfoot, is a moth of the family Stathmopodidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1889.

## Description

The mature larva of this species is between 5 and 6 mm long and is short and fat with a whitish flesh coloured body and pale brown head.
Meyrick described the adult male of this species as follows:
   ♂. 11mm. Head and palpi light yellowish-ochreous. Antennae whitish-fuscous, base yellowish. Thorax fuscous. Abdomen grey. Anterior legs dark fuscous; middle legs ochreous-yellowish; posterior legs ochreous- whitish, tibiae with a black apical ring, and tuft of posterior half dark grey. Forewings elongate, very narrow, broadest near base, long-pointed; fuscous, somewhat unevenly shaded, but without markings : cilia light fuscous. Hindwings fuscous-grey; cilia light fuscous.

## Behaviour

The larvae of this species create a silk tunnel on the underside of fronds of their host species. The adults of this species are on the wing from October to January.

## Hosts

The larval host of this species is Polystichum vestitum. The larvae feed on the spores of this plant.

## Gallery

* Illustration of a female
* Illustration of a male
* Larvae of the species
# Nordhoff

Nordhoff may refer to:
* Ojai, California, a city that was formerly named Nordhoff
* Nordhoff High School, a public high school in Ojai, California
* Nordhoff station, a metro station in Chatsworth, Los Angeles
* Nordhoff Street, a major thoroughfare in Los Angeles
* Heinrich Nordhoff (1899–1968), German automotive engineer, managing director of Volkswagen
* Charles Nordhoff (1887–1947), English-born author
* Charles Nordhoff (journalist) (1830–1901), German-born, American journalist
# Nordholz

Nordholz is a village and a former municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 January 2015 it is part of the municipality Wurster Nordseeküste. It is situated approximately 25 km north of Bremerhaven, and 12 km southwest of Cuxhaven.

## History

Nordholz belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Nordholz, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

## Sights

Today, Nordholz houses the Aeronauticum, Germany's official museum of maritime aircraft and the adjacent Nordholz Naval Airbase.