OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pinckney

Pinckney may refer to:

## People

* Pinckney (surname)
* Pinckney (given name)

## Places in the United States

* Pinckney, Michigan, a village
* Pinckney, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Pinckney, New York, a town
* Pinckney State Recreation Area, a protected area in Michigan

## Ships

* USS Pinckney, a US Navy destroyer
# Pista Olimpia Terenzano

The Pista Olimpia Terenzano is a 4,000-capacity motorcycle stadium in the Terenzano Province of Udine. The stadium is situated south of Udine and north east of Pozzuolo del Friuli. The speedway track has a circumference of 400 metres.

## History

The stadium has been the home of the World Championship round known as the Speedway Grand Prix of Italy from 2009 to 2013.
The stadium hosts the Italian Individual Speedway Championship, the Italian team championship, the Italian Pairs Championship and the world speedway event qualifications.

## Motoclub Olimpia

The speedway team Motoclub Olimpia were formed in 1971 and race at the stadium. They competed in the European Speedway Club Champions' Cup in 1998.
# Pilot Knob Township, Washington County, Illinois

Pilot Knob Township is located in Washington County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 555 and it contained 221 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.32 square miles (91.5 km$^2$), of which 35.23 square miles (91.2 km$^2$) (or 99.75%) is land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km$^2$) (or 0.25%) is water.
# Pisidium tenuilineatum

Pisidium tenuilineatum, the fine-lined pea mussel, is a species of very small freshwater bivalve in the family Sphaeriidae.

## Distribution

The species is native to Europe.
* British Isles – listed in List of endangered species in the British Isles. It is rare in Great Britain.
* Czech Republic – in Bohemia, in Moravia, critically endangered
* Denmark
* Germany – high endangered (Stark gefährdet)
* Poland – Near Threatened (NT, mentioned as lower risk LR)
* Netherlands
* Slovakia – a rare species
* Sweden
* and other states
# Pito Villanon

Pito Villanon was a Cuban football player who spent eleven seasons with Brookhattan in the American Soccer League. At the time, he was one of a handful of black professional athletes, playing in an integrated American sports league. He is reputedly the first black player in the American Soccer League.
During his eleven seasons in the ASL, Villanon led the league in scoring twice (1948-49, 1952-53). He was also the 1952-53 ASL MVP. In 1948, Villanon and his teammates finished runner-up in the 1948 National Challenge Cup. They also finished runner-up in league play in 1954.
# Pimm Fox

Pimm Fox is the news anchor of Taking Stock, a program of business interviews and financial news analysis broadcast daily on Bloomberg Radio. The program was previously also broadcast on Bloomberg Television. He discusses industry and market trends with guests and financial experts.

## Personal life

Fox was born in Brooklyn, NY in 1960. He attended New York City public schools and graduated high school from Collegiate School (New York). He earned his bachelor's degree at Columbia College, Columbia University. He served in the US Navy.

### Host shows

* Taking Stock (since 2006)
# Piney River

Piney River may refer to:
* Piney River (Colorado), a tributary of the Colorado River
* Piney River (East Tennessee), a tributary of the Tennessee River
* Piney River (Middle Tennessee), a tributary of the Duck River
* Piney River (Thornton River) in Virginia
* Piney River (Tye River) in Virginia
* Piney River, Virginia, an unincorporated community
# Piotr Gembicki

Piotr Gembicki (10 October, 1585 – 14 July, 1657), Deputy Crown Chancellor and Bishop of Przemyśl from 1636, Grand Crown Chancellor from 1638, Bishop of Kraków from 1642 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

## Biography

Piotr Gembicki was born into a Polish noble family of Nałęcz coat of arms in Gniezno on 10 October 1585 and began his ecclesiastical career early and attended academies abroad. Later he became the secretary of King Sigismund III Vasa and regent of the Crown's Chancery. After Sigismund's son, Władysław IV Vasa, succeeded to the Polish throne in 1632, Gembicki led the diplomatic mission to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1635 he took part in the negotiations with Muscovy following the Smolensk War. In December 1635 he became the Deputy Crown Chancellor and Bishop of Przemyśl. From then, his influence and wealth grew, and in 1638 he became the Great Crown Chancellor.
He was a supporter of the Habsburgs, which earned him a nickname covert Spaniard, and an opponent of the pro-French faction. He advocated tightening Polish control over the Commonwealth vassal, Prince-elector of the Duchy of Prussia. Fighting for power and influence with magnate Jerzy Ossoliński, he became an ally of Adam Kazanowski and opponent of queen Cecilia Renata. In 1642 he lost the political battle and retired from court politics to the see of the Bishop of Kraków, passing the chancery to Ossoliński. Since then, he focused mostly on religious matters, coming back into politics only in 1646 with his vocal and strong opposition of King Władysław's planned campaign against the Ottoman Empire, after which he was accused of being a traitor and exiled to the Holy Roman Empire.
He died in Racibórz on 14 July 1657. His body was brought back to Poland and buried inside the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

## Legacy

Viewed by the szlachta as prideful and greedy, he supported the position of the Commonwealth king over orders from distant Rome when disputes arose between those two powers. He disliked the Jesuits and often sent complaints about their actions, destabilising the fragile religious tolerance in the Commonwealth.
# Piperidine alkaloids

Piperidine alkaloids are naturally occurring chemical compounds from the group of alkaloids, which are chemically derived from piperidine.
Alkaloids with a piperidine building block are widespread and are usually further subdivided according to their occurrence and biogenetic origin. The most important representative of piperidine alkaloids is piperine, which is responsible for the pungent taste of pepper.
The piperidine alkaloids also include the sedum alkaloids (e.g. sedamine), pelletierine, the lobelia alkaloids (e.g. lobeline), the conium alkaloids (such as coniine) and the pinus alkaloids.
* Piperine
* Lobeline
* (S)-Coniine
* Sedamin
* Solenopsin

## Literature

* Entry on Piperidin-Alkaloide. at: Römpp Online. Georg Thieme Verlag, retrieved 19. Juni 2014.
# Pinus krempfii

Pinus krempfii, or Krempf's pine, is a rare species of pine, endemic to the central highlands of Vietnam in the Da Lat–Nha Trang area. It is unusual in that it has flat needles. Because of this anomaly, it is put in its own subsection, the Krempfianae.
# Plan of Study for Girls

Plan of Study for Girls was an educational curriculum devised in the 16th century by Juan Luis Vives for the education of girls, primarily for Princess Mary, daughter and then-heiress of Henry VIII of England and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
The curriculum was written at the request of the then Queen. Vives delivered the work, De Ratione Studii Puerilis in the form of a long letter, written from Oxford, England in October 1523. Two separate texts were included; one, with advice for a girl's education, was aimed at Princess Mary Tudor; the second text, dealing with the education of boys, was aimed at Charles Mountjoy, the son of the queen's chamberlain William Mountjoy.
The text for the Princess Mary Tudor advised that she should "write down with her fingers anything the tutor should designate", and that she focus particularly on learning the Latin names for "clothes, parts of the house, food, divisions of time, musical instruments, [and] house furniture".
# Plagiopus

Plagiopus may refer to:
* Plagiopus (copepod), a genus of copepods in the family Aetideidae
* Plagiopus (plant), a genus of mosses in the family Bartramiaceae
# Pizza of Death Records

Pizza of Death is a Japanese record label founded in Tokyo in 1994 by Hi-Standard guitarist Ken Yokoyama. It was created as a record label inside a larger record label, Toy's Factory. Pizza of Death then switched to under the Howling Bull label, before establishing itself as fully independent in 1999 with the release of Hi-Standard's Making the Road. The label currently holds 22 bands, 5 of which are based in The United States and Europe. One of these is Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, which is associated with several well-known American punk musicians from the United States, including producer and bassist Fat Mike of NOFX.
Toy's Factory currently distributes this label.

## Current bands

Japanese bands:
* Water Closet
* Comeback my Daughters
* Moga the 5
* Toast
* BBQ CHICKENS
* Hawaiian6
* Razors Edge
* The Genbaku Onanies
* Ken Yokoyama
* Asparagus
* Slimeball
* Upper
* F.I.B.
* Garlic boys
* WANIMA
* Suspended 4th
* Sabasister
North American and European bands:
* Me First and the Gimme Gimmes
* Good Riddance
* Venerea
* Satanic Surfers
* Snuff

## Compilations

* The Best New-Comer Of The Year
* The Very Best of Pizza of Death I
* The Very Best of Pizza of Death II
* Have a Slice of Death
# Platanovrysi

Platanovrysi (Greek: Πλατανόβρυση) may refer to several places in Greece:
* Platanovrysi, Achaea, a village in the municipality of Erymanthos, Achaea
* Platanovrysi, Drama, a village in the municipality of Paranesti, Drama regional unit
* Platanovrysi, Messenia, a village in the municipality of Messini, Messenia
# Platanthera azorica

Platanthera azorica, commonly known as Hochstetter's butterfly orchid, is a species of orchid in the genus Platanthera. It was "rediscovered" in 2011 on a single volcanic ridge on the central Azores island of São Jorge, and "is arguably Europe's rarest bona fide orchid species." While P. azorica was previously considered by some sources to be the same as Platanthera micrantha, the 2011 discovery triggered a thorough analysis of historic and current data and specimens, resulting in three species identified.

## Distribution

At the time of its rediscovery, the species was only known to grow in a single small upland area of São Jorge. The same island was not included in Hochstetter's expedition, meaning that the specimen that was originally collected in 1838 was from another island. A 2017 discovery of a flowering specimen in the neighboring island of Faial reaffirmed its presence in other islands of the archipelago.

## Origin

Genetic testing confirms that the lineage of the species derives from Europe or North Africa, rather than North America as had been previously hypothesized, and evidence suggests "that the Azorean lineage represents a single migration of seed to the archipelago from a mainland European population [...]"

## Description

There are now three distinct species of Azorean butterfly orchids:
* P. azorica Schlt.: The exceptionally rare rediscovered species is now correctly identified as P. azorica, commonly named Hochstetter's butterfly orchid in honor of German botanist Karl Hochstetter. Hochstetter originally found a specimen in 1838 during a scientific expedition to six of the nine Azores islands, which was not distinguished from the other species. The flower is “exceptionally large” compared to the other two species.
* P. micrantha (Hochst.) Schltr.: The misidentified species previously known as P. azorica is now correctly named P. micrantha, commonly named the narrow-lipped butterfly orchid. Found on eight of the nine islands, it is much more rare than P. pollostantha, occurring in smaller, scattered populations.
* P. pollostantha: The misidentified species previously known as P. micrantha is now redescribed as P. pollostantha, sp. nov., commonly named the short-spurred butterfly orchid. This is the most common of the three species, and is found on all nine islands of the Azores.

## Conservation status

The previously known P. micrantha was listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable, but that was under the assumption that all three Azorean butterfly orchids comprised a single species. Justification was given that the population is decreasing due to threats such as destruction of the habitat to create pastures, invasive plants and road construction.
The 2013 study that described the three distinct species stated that the prior Red List threat assessment be overturned because the species is Europe's rarest bona fide orchid species, and P. micrantha, an equally rare species, is a good indicator for the amount of semi-natural laurisilva habitats remaining on the Azores.
# Plaza Hotel (Jacksonville)

The Plaza Hotel is a historic hotel in Jacksonville, Florida. On December 30, 1992, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
# Piyaseeli Wijegunasinghe

Piyaseeli Wijegunasingha (February 20, 1943 – September 2, 2010) was a Sri Lankan literary critic, Trotskyist and Marxist scholar, and a member of Sri Lanka's Socialist Equality Party from 1968 until her death. She worked as a lecturer for 44 years at the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, where she became Dean of Faculty for the Department of Sinhala.

## Life

Wijegunasinghe attended the University of Peradeniya and as a student led major political struggles in 1965. She became a committed socialist and internationalist, and in 1968 joined the Revolutionary Communist League, which would later become the Sri Lankan Socialist Equality Party (SEP). During her postgraduate studies in Britain, she was active in the UK Workers Revolutionary Party.
Wijegunasinghe began a new school of Marxist literary criticism in Sri Lanka, writing three books and delivering many lectures on this topic. She worked as a professor at the University of Colombo in the Sinhala department, where she taught a course on Marxist literary criticism. Wijegunasinghe translated Marxist books into Sinhala and was a writer for the World Socialist Web Site.
Wijegunasinghe was married to Wjie Dias, General Secretary of the Sri Lankan SEP, and had a son, Keerthi.

## Books

* A Materialist Study of Literature (1982)
* A Marxist Study of Modern Sinhala Literary Criticism (1987)
* A Reply to Sucharitha Gamlath: Marxist Principles on Criticism of the Arts (1995)
* The god of small things: A review and a reply (2004)

## Translations

The year of the publication of Sinhala translation is shown with titles.
* The Heritage We Defend by David North (1990)
* Gerry Healy and His Place in the History of the Fourth International by David North, Part 1 (1991) and Part 2 (1993)
* Bolshevism and the Avant-Garde Artists by David Walsh (1993)
* The Aesthetic Component of Socialism by David Walsh (1998)
* In Defence of Marxism by Leon Trotsky (2002)
# Piyasena Gamage

Ihala Medagama Piyasena Gamage (born 10 January 1949) is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister. He has been in parliament 1994, 2000, 2001, 2004, and 2010 from Galle district.
# Plague!

Plague! is a board game first published by B&B Productions in 1991, and was designed by Steven Barsky.

## Description

Plague! is about the arrival of the Black Plague in Weymouth, England, in 1348.

## Reception

Richard H. Berg comments: "Plague! is not a game to play to see who wins, mostly because it is so chaotic and random at times. It is a game that delightfully highlights the fact that, as with many trips, it's not where you’re going but how you get there."
# Plague, Poverty and Prayer: A Horrid History with Terry Deary

Plague, Poverty and Prayer is an exhibition about medieval health issues which was developed by the Horrible Histories franchise.
The exhibition went on display in 2013 at Barley Hall in York, England, a restored medieval property belonging to the York Archaeological Trust. Terry Deary, the man behind Horrible Histories, had previously shown an interest in York, publishing a "gruesome guide" to the city in 2010. Exhibits at Barley Hall included the skeleton of a leper which had been excavated in York.

## Theatrical version

Terry Deary was involved in a play with the same title which was previewed in the Scottish press.
# Plesiozela patagonica

Plesiozela patagonica is a species of moth in the family Incurvariidae. It was described by Ole Karsholt and Niels P. Kristensen in 2003 and can be found in Argentina.
# Platyrrhinus albericoi

Platyrrhinus albericoi is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in South America.

## Taxonomy

Platyrrhinus albericoi was described as a new species in 2005 by Velazco. The holotype had been collected in 2001 by Sergio Solari in the Paucartambo District of Peru. The eponym for the species name "albericoi" is Michael Alberico (1937-2005), who "devoted his career to the study of Colombian mammals".

## Description

It is a large member of its genus, with a forearm length of 62–63 mm (2.4–2.5 in). Individuals weigh 55–68 g (1.9–2.4 oz). The fur of its back is dark brown, while the fur of its belly is a paler brown. It has distinct white stripes that run the length of its face, in addition to a white stripe that runs down the middle of its back.

## Range and habitat

P. albericoi occurs in the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It has been documented at a range of elevations from 1,480–2,500 m (4,860–8,200 ft) above sea level. It is found in forested habitat.
# Plasmatronics

Plasmatronics is a company, founded by former Air Force Weapons Laboratory (now Phillips Laboratory) scientist Dr. Alan E. Hill, which produced a plasma speaker design. This was first demonstrated at the 1978 Winter Consumer Electronics Show.
The product used a conventional dynamic loudspeaker with an integrated amplifier for low frequencies. For a tweeter it used a plasma speaker as a near-massless driver. Uniquely, to prevent ozone and NOx emissions it sourced helium from a tank in the back of the unit.
While praised for accurate sound reproduction at demonstrations, the system had a number of disadvantages, including high cost and periodic handling of heavy compressed helium cylinders.
# Plasmepsin

Plasmepsins are a class of at least 10 enzymes (EC 3.4.23.38 and EC 3.4.23.39) produced by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. There are ten different isoforms of these proteins and ten genes coding them respectively in Plasmodium (Plm I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X and HAP). It has been suggested that the plasmepsin family is smaller in other human Plasmodium species. Expression of Plm I, II, IV, V, IX, X and HAP occurs in the erythrocytic cycle, and expression of Plm VI, VII, VIII, occurs in the exoerythrocytic cycle. Through their haemoglobin-degrading activity, they are an important cause of symptoms in malaria sufferers. Consequently, this family of enzymes is a potential target for antimalarial drugs.
Plasmepsins are aspartic acid proteases, meaning their active site contains two aspartic acid residues. These two aspartic acid residue act respectively as proton donor and proton acceptor, catalysing the hydrolysis of peptide bond in proteins.
There are four types of plasmepsins, closely related but varying in the specificity of cleavage site. Plasmepsins I and II cleave hemoglobin between residues Phenylalanine 33 and Leucine 34 of α-globin subunit.
The name plasmepsin may come from Plasmodium (the organism) and pepsin (a common aspartic acid protease with similar molecular structure).
The closest (non-pathogenic) enzymatic equivalent in humans is the beta-secretase enzyme.
# Poa clivicola

Poa clivicola, commonly known as fine-leaved snow grass, is an endangered Australian grass species, restricted to alpine grassy vegetation. Poa from the Greek poa (grass), clivicola- from the Latin clivus (hill) and -cola (dweller).

## Description

Poa clivicola is a perennial, tufted, tussock grass, growing up to 60cm tall. Leaf sheaths are bleached at the base, herbaceous, pallid, and glabrous. Leaves are tightly in-rolled, tough to the touch, and very fine at 0.2-0.4mm wide. Leaves are mostly basal. Leaf-sheaths can be smooth or scaberulous and glabrous on surface. Ligules are 0.5-1.5mm long, truncate and firm. Panicles are open and pyramidal. Lemmas are 3-4mm long, hairless or with sparse localised hairs.

## Distribution and habitat

Endemic to Australia, P. clivicola grows well on better drained grassland slopes in Australia's alpine regions. Occurring from approximately 800m to 2000m altitude. This species is found rarely across, Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania, and Australian Capital Territory, in grassy mountainous vegetation. Particularly well growing on basaltic soils and not occurring on siliceous rocks. Can be found in open eucalypt woodland, swampy plain, open grassland, and frost hollows, usually in wet sites.

## Uses

The genus of Poa comprises important pasture plants, making P. clivicola a good provider of food for native wildlife in alpine grassy vegetation. Poa grasslands also provide important habitat for native fauna species, especially for endangered and endemic butterfly species that feed only on the leaves of Poa grass.

## Threats and conservation

P. clivicola is listed as endangered by the State of Victoria. Climate change is a big threat to the conservation of this species as it occurs rarely and only in alpine areas. This species will be affected by both changing temperatures affecting climatic conditions on mountain tops and also shrub encroachment with these warm temperatures increasing the possible range for tree and shrub species to outcompete it. The small number of grass specialists in Australia and the limited knowledge behind unique features of individual Poa species means there is great uncertainty when distinguishing between them. This makes it hard to know what particular things might be changing distributions and numbers of P. clivicola without removing specimens for further investigation.
# Poa cuspidata

Poa cuspidata, commonly called early bluegrass, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family (Poaceae). It is native to the eastern United States, where its range extends from Appalachian regions into the Coastal Plain, where it is less common. In the Appalachian mountains, it is a common species found in forest openings.
Poa cuspidata derives its common name from its early flowering period, which begins in March with the very first spring wildflowers. Within its range, other Poa generally bloom later in the spring season.

## Description

Poa cuspidata is a rhizomatous perennial. Its culms are loosely tufted and range from 3–6 dm (12–24 in) in height. Its leaf blades are 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) wide and its leaf sheaths are pubescent, especially at their base. The plant has a loose and nodding panicle, with branches that bear three or four flowered spikelets.
# Poa cusickii

Poa cusickii is a species of grass known by the common name Cusick's bluegrass. It is native to western North America from Yukon to Colorado to eastern California, where it grows in many types of habitat, including high mountain meadows and slopes, sagebrush scrub, and forests.

## Description

It is a perennial bunchgrass growing dense, sometimes large, clumps up to about 60 centimeters in maximum height. The narrow leaves are firm and sometimes rolled along the edges. The longest leaves are located around the middle of the stem. The inflorescence is a dense, narrow series of overlapping branches bearing up to 100 spikelets in total.
The grass is dioecious, with male and female individuals producing different types of flowers in their inflorescences. The plant often reproduces vegetatively via tillers, or via apomixis with unfertilized seeds, and some populations are made up only of female individuals. One subspecies, ssp. purpurascens, is all female.
# Syed Abu Nasar

Syed Abu Nasar (December 25, 1932 – January 29, 2012) was a James R. Boyd Professor of Electrical Engineering (Emeritus) at the University of Kentucky. He was born in India and got his doctorate in electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley in 1963 . His research concerned electric motors. He served as the chair of the Electrical Engineering department at the University of Kentucky from 1989 to 1997. He was a Life Fellow of the IEEE and the recipient of the 2000 IEEE Nikola Tesla Award.