OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gunnar Gunnarsson Helland

Gunnar Gunnarsson Helland (January 26, 1885 – April 20, 1976) was a Norwegian-American Hardanger fiddle maker.

## Background

Gunnar Gunnarsson Helland was a member of the Helland fiddle maker family of Bø, Norway. Helland worked in the traditional region of Telemark in the workshop of his father, Gunnar Olavsson Helland, until he emigrated to United States in 1901 and settled in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. He had three children: Alton, Edith, and Gilman, with his wife, Edith.

## Career

Together with his brother Knut Gunnarsson Helland, he started the Helland Brothers workshop in 1905. His brother died in 1920 and Gunnar Helland ran Helland Brothers alone until he closed down in 1927, at a time when the demand for violins was in decline.
In 1927, Gunnar Helland moved to Minneapolis and spent two years working at Lundh & Rowe for Jacob Lundh (1865-1951) and Frederick Rowe (1884-1976). In 1929, he moved to Fargo, North Dakota where he established the Helland Music Company on the third floor of a building on Broadway. The business remained there until 1962 when it was bought by Lloyd Hammond. Gunnar continued to work for Lloyd Hammond until he was over 80. He built his last Hardanger fiddle in 1937. Gunnar Helland made several design changes on his later violins including lamination inside the sound holes for increased strength, shorter sound holes, a lower profile and a pattern that was much closer to the style of Guarneri del Gesu.
# Rocky's Rapids

Rocky's Rapids is a Log Flume ride at Indiana Beach, in Monticello, Indiana. The ride is located next to the Cornball Express, and boats occasionally duel with trains from the roller coaster. The park does not have a Rapids ride, so this is one of the park's only water rides. The ride is located near Cornball Express and is also not far from Indiana Beach's two other coasters, Hoosier Hurricane and the steel coaster, Steel Hawg.

## Ride Description

After the 4 person boats are loaded, they slide off the loading conveyor into the channel, where they make a gradual left-hand turn into the first tunnel, which crosses under the lift hill. After emerging from the tunnel, boats turn right and meander along, before turning right into the second tunnel. After emerging, boats make a left-hand turn, followed by a 180 degree turnaround onto the lift hill. As the boats ascend, the familiar click-clack of the anti-slide back device is heard. At the top, boats descend the drop, passing through an on-ride camera, before making a left hand u-turn into the station.
# Suiting Themselves

Suiting Themselves: How Corporations Drive the Global Agenda is a 2006 book by Professor Sharon Beder. Beder argues that an international corporate elite dictate global politics for their own benefit. She suggests that they created business associations and think tanks in the 1970s to drive public policy, push a free trade agenda, and promote the worldwide privatization and deregulation of public services in the 1980s and 1990s, and have worked since the late 1990s to rewrite the rules of the global economy.
# Eddie Flood

Eddie Flood (born 19 November 1952 in Liverpool) is a footballer who played as left back for Liverpool F.C. Tranmere Rovers and York City.
# Sylvia Guirey

Sylvia Guirey (née Princess Sylvia Obolensky; 18 May 1931 – 27 June 1997) was an heiress, artist and art patron.

## Early life

Guirey was born on 18 May 1931 in Vöcklabruck, Austria. Her mother was Ava Alice Muriel Astor and her father was Raimund von Hofmannsthal. Her parents would marry quietly in January 1933 after her mother divorced in 1932, but at the time of her birth her mother was in Austria and still married to Prince Serge Obolensky, a former Tsarist officer. During World War II, her mother was in London and she was in New York. She did not see her mother until 1946. She had been educated at home and then went onto the Brearley School.

## Career

In the 1950s, she was working with Eugene Berman as she had become interested in stage design. She worked in with Berman on the new production for the Metropolitan Opera of Don Giovanni.
In 1958, her grandmother died and left her a substantial sum that enabled her to take an interest in contemporary art. She began to buy pop-art pieces and at the same time her home at Elm Place became popular with artists and dealers. She also took a studio on her own account and created enough paintings to start exhibiting. Her work was at the Sao Paolo Biennale in 1973, and three years later she was in the Betty Parsons Gallery. She continued to exhibit in the US and the UK at the Hester van Royen Gallery and the Benjamin Rhodes Gallery.

## Personal life

On 1 November 1950, she married Belgian financier Jean Louis Ganshof van der Meersch at the Church of the Holy Trinity in New York. In 1957, her husband obtained a divorce based on their separation and her friendship with Prince Guirey.
She married again to Prince Azamat Kadir Sultan Guirey (1924–2001), a son of Vaguide Sheretlock Guirey and Prince Kadir Guirey, a descendant of the Tatar khans who ruled Crimea before the Czars, in 1957. They moved to London and, before their divorce in 1963, they had three children together:
* Prince Kadir Guirey.
* Prince Sagat Adil Temujin Guirey, who married Marina Sarah Peto, daughter of Sir Michael Peto, 4th Baronet, in 2001.
* Princess Selima Sultane Guirey, who married Derek Goddard, a musician who worked with The Clash, The Raincoats, and Neneh Cherry.
Prince Azamat later married Frederica Ann "Bobo" Sigrist, daughter of Fred Sigrist (a Nassau born heiress who was previously married to Kevin McClory, who directed several James Bond films) Guirey died in Fulham in England in 1997. Prince Azamat died in 2001.
# Flucie Stewart

Alfred Lloyd "Flucie" Stewart (August 5, 1906 – November 17, 1956) was an American basketball and football coach. He served as the head football and basketball coach for the Appalachian State Mountaineers located in the town of Boone in Watauga County, North Carolina. Stewart also was head basketball coach at Furman University for two years.
A native of Strawn, Texas, Stewart attended Furman University where he played as an end on the football team from 1929 to 1930.
He joined the Appalachian State football staff in 1935 as an assistant coach. By 1940, he had taken over as athletic director.
In 1941, he served as head football coach at Tampa for one season before resigning.
Stewart became Maryland head basketball coach in 1947, after the longstanding tenure of Burton Shipley. He was also a member of Jim Tatum's football staff as an assistant coach. Stewart's basketball teams were not successful, however, and after three losing seasons, was replaced by Bud Millikan. He also worked as an associate professor of physical education.
Stewart died on November 17, 1956, in Greenville, South Carolina, succumbing to a two-year illness.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Appalachian State Mountaineers (North State Conference) (1939) ||||||
| 1939 | Appalachian State | 7–1–2 | 3–0–1 | T–1st |
| Tampa Spartans (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1941) ||||||
| 1941 | Tampa | 5–4 | 2–2 | T–14th |
| Tampa: | Tampa: | 5–4 | 2–2 | |
| Appalachian State Mountaineers (North State Conference) (1946) ||||||
| 1946 | Appalachian State | 6–3 | 4–1 | 2nd |
| Appalachian State: | Appalachian State: | 13–4–2 | 7–1–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 18–8–2 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||

### Basketball

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference |
| Furman Paladins (Southern Conference) (1933–1935) ||||||
| 1933–34 | Furman | 3–12 | |
| 1934–35 | Furman | 9–8 | |
| Furman: | Furman: | 12–20 | |
| Appalachian State Mountaineers (North State Conference) (1935–1940) ||||||
| 1935–36 | Appalachian State | 5–14 | |
| 1936–37 | Appalachian State | 10–7 | |
| 1937–38 | Appalachian State | 11–6 | |
| 1938–39 | Appalachian State | 11–5 | |
| 1939–40 | Appalachian State | 19–3 | |
| Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens (Mason-Dixon Conference) (1940–1941) ||||||
| 1940–41 | Delaware | 7–9 | 2–3 |
| Delaware: | Delaware: | 7–9 | 2–3 |
| Appalachian State Mountaineers (North State Conference) (1946–1947) ||||||
| 1946–47 | Appalachian State | 11–3 | |
| Appalachian State: | Appalachian State: | 67–38 | 48–24 |
| Maryland Terrapins (Southern Conference) (1947–1950) ||||||
| 1947–48 | Maryland | 11–14 | |
| 1948–49 | Maryland | 9–17 | |
| 1949–50 | Maryland | 7–18 | |
| Maryland: | Maryland: | 27–49 | |
| Total: | Total: | 113–116 | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# HMS Southwold (L10)

HMS Southwold was a Type II British Hunt-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during World War II. She served in the Mediterranean for a few months until she was sunk off Malta in March 1942.

## History

Southwold was ordered on 20 December 1939, and was built by J. Samuel White and Company of East Cowes as part of the 1939 emergency program. Her keel was laid on 18 June 1940 with Job number J6274, and the ship was launched on 29 May of the following year. The vessel was completed on 9 October 1941.
After she was completed, Southwold went to Scapa Flow for trials, after which she joined the Mediterranean Fleet. On 16 November 1941 Southwold joined convoy WS12Z at the ocean escort Clyde Assembly point. The ship detached from the convoy on 14 December and made an independent passage from Mombasa to Alexandria.
On 5 January 1942 she joined the 5th Destroyer Flotilla for patrol and convoy escort duties. She deployed a supply of stores and embarked troops to Tobruk. On 12 February she was part of the Malta Convoy MW9B but the convoy was under heavy air attack so it returned to Alexandria.
On 20 March 1942, she carried out an anti-submarine sweep along planned path for Malta relief convoy MW10 along with some other destroyers. On 21 March, she joined this same convoy and took part in the Second Battle of Sirte a day later. On the 23rd she and HMS Beaufort left the convoy to escort HMS Breconshire to Malta.
On 24 March, Southwold was attempting to pass a line to Breconshire when she activated a British mine and there was an explosion in which an officer and four ratings were killed . She sustained major structural damage and the engine room flooded while electrical supplies failed. She was towed by the tug Ancient but the hull split and she began to sink. The survivors were rescued by HMS Dulverton.

## Wreck

The wreck of Southwold lies in two sections about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of Marsaskala Bay, Malta. The bow is the largest piece, about 40 metres (130 ft) in length, and it lies on its starboard side at a depth of 70 metres (230 ft). The stern, which is located about 300 metres (980 ft) away from the bow, is about 28 metres (92 ft) long and it lies upright in 72 metres (236 ft) of water.
# Synthetic substance

A synthetic substance or synthetic compound refers to a substance that is man-made by synthesis, rather than being produced by nature. It also refers to a substance or compound formed under human control by any chemical reaction, either by chemical synthesis (chemosyntesis) or by biosynthesis.
# HMS Rattler (1797)

HMS Rattler was the mercantile Hope that the Royal Navy purchased at Leith in 1797. It initially named her GB No.41, and then renamed her HMS Rattler. The Navy sold her in 1802. She returned to the name Hope and became a merchantman trading with Hamburg, Gibraltar, and lastly, Cowes. She was last listed in 1816.

## Career

The Royal Navy commissioned Rattler in September 1797 under Lieutenant John Gibbs. He died, probably before but possibly after Lieutenant Samuel Wickham took command of Rattler in June 1798, for the North Sea. On 18 July 1801 she arrived at Elsinor, having escorted the Leith fleet. The Navy sold Rattler on 31 May 1802, shortly after the Peace of Amiens took effect.
Rattler returned to her original name, Hope, and first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1802.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
| 1802 | M.Tate | Captain & Co. | London–Hamburg | LR; raised 1802 |
| 1804 | M.Tate | W.Witham | Liverpool–London London–Toning | LR; raised 1802 |
| 1807 | P.Tate | Captain & Co. | London–Hamburg | LR; raised 1802 |
| 1809 | P.Tate W.Gibson | Walton | London–Hamburg | Register of Shipping |
| 1810 | W.Gibson M.Lewish | Walton Vickerman | London–Gibraltar | Register of Shipping |
| 1811 | M.Lewish Vickerman | Vickerman Lavers | Plymouth London–Gibraltar | LR; raised 1802 |
| 1812 | M.Lourish | N.Lavers | Cowes–London | LR; raised 1802 |

## Fate

Hope was last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1816 with data unchanged since 1812.

## Citations

* ↑ Winfield (2008), p. 334.
* 1 2 LR (1802), Seq.No.H112.
# HMS Stonecrop

Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named Stonecrop, after the Sedum flower:
* Stonecrop was one of the disguised identities of the Q-ship Glenfoyle, a former collier built in 1913 and sunk in 1917.
* HMS Stonecrop (K142) was a Flower-class corvette, launched in 1941 and sold in 1947.
# Symphony No. 1 (Berwald)

Symphony No. 1 in G minor, "Sérieuse", is an orchestral work by Swedish composer Franz Berwald. It was premiered on December 2, 1842 in a concert at the Royal Opera, Stockholm given by the Swedish Royal Court Orchestra conducted by the composer's cousin Johan Fredrik Berwald. This first performance was not a success, leading to this symphony being the only one of Berwald's mature symphonies to be performed during his lifetime; (he had previously written a Symphony in A in 1820, which only survives in fragmentary form, but in 1829 disowned all of his previous output with the exception of the Serenade for tenor and chamber ensemble (1825) and the Septet in B flat (1828)).
The symphony is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani and strings. It consists of four movements:
* Allegro con energia
* Adagio maestoso
* Stretto
* Finale. Adagio - Allegro molto
A typical performance lasts approximately 30 minutes.
The movements follow the typical structure of Romantic symphonies of the period. The first movement is in sonata form with a lyrical second subject and ending in the major. The second, slow movement is in ternary form. The third movement is a scherzo, also in ternary form with fast outer sections in triple meter and a more serene central section. The finale commences with a slow introduction which reprises material from the second movement before leading into another sonata form Allegro.

## Discography

* Naxos Records - Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra [sv] conducted by Okko Kamu (with Symphony No. 2 and the overture to the opera Estrella de Soria)
* Chandos Records - Danish National Symphony Orchestra conducted by Thomas Dausgaard (with Symphony No. 2 and the symphonic poem Erinnerung an die Norwegischen Alpen)
* Decca Records - San Francisco Symphony Orchestra conducted by Herbert Blomstedt (with Symphony No. 4)
* Arte Nova - Jena Philharmonic conducted by David Montgomery (complete set of all four Berwald symphonies)
* BIS - Malmö Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sixten Ehrling (complete set of all four Berwald symphonies)
* Deutsche Grammophon - Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra conducted by Neeme Järvi (complete set of all four Berwald symphonies)
* Hyperion - Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Roy Goodman (complete set of all four Berwald symphonies plus the fragment of a Symphony in A from 1800 and the overtures to the operas Estrella de Soria and Drottningen av Golconda)
* Warner Classics - Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Ulf Björlin (complete set of all four Berwald symphonies plus short orchestral works)
* Discophilia - Stockholm's Konsertförenings Orkester conducted by Fritz Busch (four rehearsals, a final rehearsal and a performance)
# Symphony No. 1 (Carter)

The Symphony No. 1 is a symphony for orchestra by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was originally completed in Santa Fe, New Mexico on December 18, 1942, though Carter later revised the work in 1954. It was first performed on April 27, 1944, by the Eastman-Rochester Symphony under the direction of Howard Hanson at the fourteenth annual Festival of American Music. The piece is dedicated to Carter's wife.

## Composition

The Symphony has a duration of roughly 25 minutes and is composed in three movements:
* Moderately, wistfully
* Slowly, gravely
* Vivaciously

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for an orchestra comprising two flutes (second doubling piccolo), two oboes, two clarinets (first doubling E-flat clarinet), two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, trombone, timpani, and strings.

## Reception

The Symphony No. 1 has been praised by music critics. Reviewing a 2003 recording of the work (among other Carter pieces), Arnold Whittall of Gramophone wrote:
   The wartime muscularity of the Symphony No 1 (completed in 1942 but heard here in its 1954 revision) is clearest in passages which echo, or anticipate, Copland's more extrovert orchestral scores of the same period. But that triumphalist spirit is most productively on show in Carter's splendidly brash Holiday Overture (1944). The Symphony as a whole is less straightforward, more varied in style and character, and the slow movement in particular moves from hymnic meditation into more ambiguous regions of expression in a manner that might not be completely convincing. It is certainly distinctive, however, and fits well with the balance between restraint and exuberance that typifies the work as a whole.
# Hadassah Rosensaft

Hadassa Bimko Rosensaft (August 26, 1912 – October 3, 1997) was a Polish holocaust survivor. She is credited with saving thousands of Holocaust victims.

## Biography

Rosensaft was born on August 26, 1912, in Sosnowiec, Poland. She studied dentistry at the University of Nancy, in France. Rosensaft graduated in 1935, with a degree in dental surgery. She soon returned to Sosnowiec, where she found employment as a dentist. On August 2, 1943, Rosensaft was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp. While at the camp, she worked as a doctor under Josef Mengele. In her doctoring, Rosensaft saved many lives by smuggling medical materials to them, and doctoring and disguising their wounds.
On November 14, 1944, Rosensaft was placed in charge of what would grow to be over 150 children at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. She cared for them until the camp was liberated by British forces on April 15, 1945. Two days later, H. L. Glyn Hughes placed Rosensaft in charge of caring for all of the camps wounded. After the war was over, in 1945, Rosensaft became a member of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews, and would later be elected vice-chair. During the Nuremberg trials, she served as a key witness. Rosensaft would help identify 15 of the defendants including Josef Kramer.
Rosensaft married Josef Rosensaft on August 18, 1946, and (after eight years in Montreux), the couple moved to New York. She served as honorary president of the World Federation of Bergen-Belsen Associations, and would later be named to both the Presidents Commission on the Holocaust in 1978. Rosensaft was named to the council of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1980 by Jimmy Carter. She was also made a chair to the Archives and Library Committee of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Rosensaft died of liver failure on October 3, 1997, at Tisch Hospital in New York City.
# Habitat I

The term Habitat I refers to the first United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, in Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada, 31 May – 11 June 1976, which was convened by the United Nations as governments began to recognize the magnitude and consequences of rapid urbanization.
On 16 December 1976 the General Assembly adopted resolution 31/109. It took note of the conference report, the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements, which carried an action plan with 64 recommendations for National Action. As a further outcome of the conference, in 1977 a General Assembly resolution 36/162 established the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements – UNCHS (Habitat). It designated the Commission on Human Settlements, a functional commission of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), as the governing body.
Habitat II met in Istanbul, Turkey, 3–14 June 1996.
Habitat III met in Quito, Ecuador, from 17 to 20 October 2016.

## The Vancouver Declaration

The Vancouver Declaration starts with a preamble stating that "unacceptable human settlements circumstances are likely to be aggravated by inequitable economic growth and uncontrolled urbanization, unless positive and concrete action is taken at national and international levels".
The first action is "to adopt bold, meaningful and effective human settlement policies and spatial planning strategies (...) considering human settlements as an instrument and object of development".
Among the general Principles, the Conference advocated improving the quality of life through more equitable distribution of development benefits, planning and regulating land use, protecting the environment, integrating women and youth, and rehabilitating people displaced by natural and man-made catastrophes. In the Guidelines for action, various elements of a human settlements policy are defined. Focus is placed on harmonious integration, reduction of disparities between rural and urban areas, orderly urbanization, progressive minimum standards and community participation.
The Declaration states that "adequate shelter and services are a basic human right" and that "governments should assist local authorities to participate to a greater extent in national development". The Declaration strongly emphasizes that "the use and tenure of land should be subject to public control".

## The Vancouver Action Plan

The substantive outcomes of the first Habitat Conference are a series of 64 recommendations for National Action and a 44-page "Action Plan". These recommendations are organized in six sections. Section A (Settlements policies and strategies), Section B (Settlement Planning), Section C (Shelter, infrastructure and services), Section D (Land) and Section E (Public Participation). (See more at the UN-Habitat Feature/Backgrounder prepared by UN-Habitat in 2006).

## Participants

* Lauchlin Currie
* Margaret Mead
* Paolo Soleri
* Buckminster Fuller
* Mother Teresa
* Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth
* Pierre Trudeau
# Süleymaniye, Uzunköprü

Süleymaniye is a village in the Uzunköprü District of Edirne Province in Turkey. Its population is 434 (2022).
# Hadoar

Hadoar (Hebrew: The Post) (1921 - 2005) was a Hebrew language periodical published in the United States by the Histadruth Ivrith of America.
Hadoar was described by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency as "one of the best Hebrew-language magazines in the world" in its day. It was edited for decades by Hebraist Menachem Ribalow.

## History

Hadoar began in 1921 as a daily newspaper, but switched to weekly publication in 1922. Hadoar was published in New York and distributed nationwide. Elie Wiesel was the speaker for Hadoar's 46th anniversary celebration in 1967. Hadoar ceased publication in 2005.
# Hackelia sharsmithii

Hackelia sharsmithii is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Sharsmith's stickseed. It is native to the Sierra Nevada of California, where its range extends along ridges surrounding the intersection of Inyo County and Fresno and Tulare Counties, including Mount Whitney. It is a plant of rocky habitat, such as talus. It is a hairy perennial herb up to about 30 centimeters tall. Most of the leaves are located around the base of the plant, reaching up to 14 centimeters long. Leaves higher on the stem are shorter and narrower. The hairy inflorescence is an open array of branches, each a coiling panicle of light blue flowers. The fruit is a cluster of nutlets, sometimes bearing prickles.