OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc.

The Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc. (CPSA) engages in research and other activities relating to the work of architect Andrea Palladio. CPSA was founded as a national non-profit membership corporation in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1979.
Andrea Palladio (1508–1580) is often referred to as the most influential architect in history. He designed country villas, urban palaces, churches and bridges in the Veneto region of Italy in the late Renaissance period. Palladio's greatest impact arose from publication (Venice, 1570) of his treatise entitled I quattro libri dell'architettura (The Four Books on Architecture).
Palladiana: Journal of the Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., is published semi-annually. The Center's books include the 3-volume Building by the Book series edited by Mario di Valmarana and Palladio and America: Selected Papers Presented to the Centro Internazionale di Studi di Architettura (1997), edited by Christopher Weeks. Grants have supported publication of Douglas Lewis’ The Drawings of Andrea Palladio (2nd ed., 2000) and Bryan Clark Green’s In Jefferson’s Shadow: The Architecture of Thomas R. Blackburn (2006). Other grants supported creation of the Mario di Valmarana Professorship in the University of Virginia School of Architecture and a National Register Report on Battersea, the important 1768 Palladian-style house in Petersburg, Virginia.
# Belinda City, Tennessee

Belinda City is a colloquial name given to a community in the city of Mount Juliet, Wilson County, Tennessee.
The community was originally an unincorporated area in west-central Wilson County running along Belinda parkway, just southeast of the city of Mt. Juliet. The community was annexed by the city of Mount Juliet in 1990, under city ordinance 1990–10.
Mount Juliet Annexation Map
# Radio Lover

Radio Lover is a 1936 British comedy film directed by Paul Capon and Austin Melford and starring Wylie Watson, Ann Penn and Betty Ann Davies.

## Cast

* Wylie Watson as Joe Morrison
* Ann Penn as Miss Oliphant
* Betty Ann Davies as Wendy Maradyck
* Jack Melford as Reggie Clifford
* Cynthia Stock as Miss Swindon
* Gerald Barry as Sir Hector
* Max Faber as Brian Maradyck
* Eric Pavitt as Boy
# Aisha Bawany Academy

Aisha Bawany Academy is a school located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Aisha Bawany Academy offers education levels Montessori, Kindergarten, O Level, and Matric.
Aisha Bawany Academy has separate schools for males and female students. Aisha Bawany uses International English Language Testing System (IELTS) for their graduating students.
The academy was established by the Begum Aisha Bawany Waqf, founded in memory of the late Begum Aisha Bawany by her heirs. The foundation stone of the Aisha Bawany Academy was laid on October 29, 1957, and the school became operational in July 1961.
# Akamine

Akamine (written: 赤嶺 lit. "red ridge") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Júlio Endi Akamine (born 1962), Brazilian Roman Catholic archbishop
* Seiken Akamine (赤嶺 政賢, born 1947), Japanese politician
* Shingo Akamine (赤嶺 真吾, born 1983), Japanese footballer
# Akelarre (Criminal album)

Akelarre is the seventh studio album by the thrash metal/death metal band Criminal.

## Track listing

* "Order from Chaos" – 4:53
* "Resistance Is Futile" – 4:40
* "The Ghost We Summoned" – 4:03
* "Akelarre" – 1:59
* "State of Siege" – 4:10
* "Tyrannicide" – 4:21
* "Feel the Void" – 4:40
* "The Power of the Dog" – 3:35
* "Vows of Silence" – 4:16
* "La Santa Muerte" – 4:47
# Akinari

Akinari (written: 秋成, 秋鳴 or 旺成) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Akinari Kawazura (河面 旺成, born 1994), Japanese footballer
* Akinari Matsuno (松野 秋鳴, 1979–2011), Japanese light novel author
* Ueda Akinari (上田 秋成, 1734–1809), Japanese writer and poet
# Ragnvald Hvoslef

Ragnvald Hvoslef (19 September 1872 in Oslo – 8 August 1944) was a Norwegian Nazi politician and collaborator during the Second World War. He was a co-founder of the Norwegian Nazi party Nasjonal Samling in 1933. In 1940 he was named by Vidkun Quisling as Minister of Defence in Quisling's attempted and ultimately unsuccessful coup government, but declined the position. From 1941 he held several roles in Quisling's collaborator regime, including as Police President in Kirkenes 1941–1942, as head of Nasjonal Samling's effort to fight "sabotage" and as head of Quisling's personal intelligence organisation within Nasjonal Samling from 1943 until his death.
Hvoslef was a volunteer in the Winter War on the Finnish side.
# Ajmer State

Ajmer State was a separate state within India from 1950 to 1956 with Ajmer as its capital. Ajmer State was formed in 1950 out of the territory of former province of Ajmer-Merwara, which became a province of the Indian Union on 15 August 1947. It formed an enclave within the state of Rajasthan. Following the States Reorganisation Act in 1956 it was merged with Rajasthan.

## History

Ajmer State was formed out of territory of Ajmer-Merwara, which was a British controlled province during British India. The territory of Ajmer-Merwara had been purchased by British from the Marathas in 1818. Upon the independence of India, Ajmer-Merwara became a province of the Union of India.
It was a Province until it was established as a Class "C" State, named Ajmer State, on 26 January 1950 within Republic of India. Class "C" States were under direct rule of Central Government.

### Dissolution

In 1956, when India's state boundaries were reorganised, it became a district of the then Rajasthan state. Ajmer state was merged into Rajasthan state on 1 November 1956. Kishangarh sub-division of erstwhile Jaipur district was added to it to form Ajmer district.

## Government
### Chief Commissioner

List of Chief Commissioners of Ajmer State:
| No. | Name | Term |
| 1 | Shankar Prasada | 1947–1948 |
| 2 | Chandrakant Balwantrao Nagarkar | 1948–1951 |
| 3 | Anand Dattahaya Pandit | 1952 – March 1954 |
| 4 | Moti K. Kripalani | March 1954 – 31 October 1956 |

### Chief Minister

Haribhau Upadhyaya was the first and last Chief Minister of Ajmer State from 24 March 1952 until 1956.
| No | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Tenure | Tenure | Tenure | Assembly Election | Party | Party |
| 1 | | Haribhau Upadhyaya | Shreenagar | 24 March 1952 | 31 October 1956 | 4 years, 221 days | 1st (1952) | Indian National Congress | |
# Rajinder Manchanda Bani

Rajinder Manchanda Bani (1932-1981) was an Indian poet. He was born at Multan in 1932. His family migrated to Delhi in 1947 where he died in 1981. He was a Master of Arts in Economics from Punjab University, and a school- teacher. Harf e Moetbar (1972), Hisab e Rang (1976) & Shafaq e Shajjar are his three collections of poems. He was a poet of neo-classical ghazal who did not use conventional imagery and was original in style; he was an effective user of Hindi diction. He was a physically weak person who did not maintain good health throughout his life-time but possessed a sturdy mind; he lived for 49 years.
# Railway Bridge, Ivrea

The Ivrea Railway Bridge is a truss railway bridge over the Dora Baltea in Ivrea, Italy.

## History

The bridge was built as part of the development of the railway line between Ivrea and Aosta, officially inaugurated, along with the bridge, on July 4, 1886. The bridge, originally a lattice truss design, was assembled on-site on the right bank of the Dora Baltea, then moved into its final position using a temporary wooden structure built in the middle of the river as support.
In the night of December 23 to 24, 1944, during the Nazi-Fascist occupation of northern Italy, the bridge was blown up by Italian partisan forces to prevent an Allied air bombing aimed at disrupting the supply of war materials from the Cogne steelworks in Aosta, and which would have severely damaged the town of Ivrea.
A new truss bridge was built after the end of the conflict, being inaugurated on May 25, 1959.

## Description

The bridge is located at the last useful point before the bed of the Dora Baltea widens again after being forced through a narrow gorge, just a few dozen meters downstream from the Ponte Nuovo. It is a truss bridge.
# Al-Qatn

Al-Qatn is a village in east-central Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Rajni Bector

Rajni Bector is an Indian industrialist who founded Mrs. Bectors Food Specialities and Cremica Group of Companies. She was awarded India's fourth-highest civilian award, the Padma Shri, in 2021.
# Akseli Takala

Akseli Takala (23 May 1897 – 18 March 1951) was a Finnish athlete. He competed in the men's shot put at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Rajesh Pillai

Rajesh Raman Pillai (7 October 1974 – 27 February 2016) was an Indian film director best known for his work in the Malayalam cinema. He is credited with setting a new trend in Malayalam cinema with his thriller, Traffic (2011).
Rajesh Pillai made his directorial debut with Hridayathil Sookshikkan (2005) which turned out to be a commercial and critical failure. His second film Traffic, written by brothers Bobby and Sanjay was released in 2011. The film has its narrative in a hyperlink format and is inspired by an actual event that happened in Chennai. The film was a notable success and is widely regarded as one of the defining movies of the Malayalam New Wave.
In August 2012, the director announced his next movie titled Motorcycle Diaries. However Pillai put the project on hold and started the work of Mili, a heroine-centric film with Amala Paul in title role opposite Nivin Pauly. The film released in January 2015 and received positive reviews from critics and became an above average grosser at box office.
Vettah, a psychological thriller starring Kunchacko Boban, Manju Warrier, Indrajith Sukumaran and Kadhal Sandhya, scripted by Arunlal Ramachandran, is touted to be the first ever mind game movie in Malayalam was released on 26 February 2016, a day before Pillai's death. Manju Warrier plays the role of Sreebala IPS, the City Police Commissioner in this film.

## Death

Suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Pillai died on 27 February 2016, at PVS Hospital, Kochi He is survived by his wife Megha, father Raman Pillai, and an elder sister.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2005 | Hridayathil Sookshikkan | |
| 2011 | Traffic | Remade in Tamil as Chennaiyil Oru Naal |
| 2015 | Mili | |
| 2016 | Vettah | Released a day before his death |
| 2016 | Traffic | Posthumous release; Hindi remake of Traffic (2011) |
| | Motorcycle Diaries | Unfinished film |

## Awards and nominations

* Won – 1st South Indian International Movie Awards for Best Direction – Traffic
* Won – Jaihind Film Awards 2012 for Best Direction – Traffic
* Won – Reporter TV Film Awards 2012 for Best Direction – Traffic
* Won – Nana Film Awards for Best Direction – Traffic
* Won – Amritha Film Award - Trend Setting Film Director
* Won – Aimfill Inspire Film Award - Best Innovative Film
* Won – National Film Promotion Council 2011 - Pratheeksha Puraskaram
* Won –Mathrubhumi Film Awards 2011 - Path Breaking Movie of the Year
* Won – Minnalai Film TV Awards-Best Director - 2011
* Won – Audi-Ritz Icon Award 2012 - Iconic Film of the Year Malayalam
* Won – Santhosham South Indian Film Award 2011
* Won – Southspin Fashion Award-2012
* Nominated – Asianet Film Awards 2012 for Best Direction – Traffic
* Nominated – Surya Film Awards for Best Direction – Traffic
# Ramsden Estate

Ramsden Estate may refer to:
* Ramsden Estate (Huddersfield), the holdings of the former manor of Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England
* Ramsden Estate (Orpington), a housing estate in Orpington, London, England
# Rainy River (electoral district)

Rainy River was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario, which returned one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1908 to 1999.
The district was created in 1908 from part of the former district of Port Arthur and Rainy River, and comprised much of the Rainy River District. It remained in service until 1999, when it was merged into Kenora—Rainy River as part of the Mike Harris government's reforms of the provincial legislature, which reduced the number of electoral districts in the province from 130 to 103. For much of its history, it was the smallest electoral district in the entire province by population.

## Members of Provincial Parliament

Rainy River :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Riding created from Port Arthur and Rainy River |||||
| 12th | 1908–1911 | William Alfred Preston | Conservative |
| 13th | 1911–1914 | James Arthur Mathieu | Liberal–Conservative |
| 14th | 1914–1919 | James Arthur Mathieu | Conservative |
| 15th | 1919–1923 | James Arthur Mathieu | Conservative |
| 16th | 1923–1926 | John Fullarton Callan | Labour |
| 17th | 1926–1929 | James Arthur Mathieu | Conservative |
| 18th | 1929–1934 | William Herbert Elliott | Independent Conservative |
| 19th | 1934–1937 | Randolph George Croome | Liberal |
| 20th | 1937–1943 | Randolph George Croome | Liberal |
| 21st | 1943–1945 | George Edward Lockhart | Co-operative Commonwealth |
| 22nd | 1945–1948 | James Newman | Liberal–Labour |
| 23rd | 1948–1951 | James Newman | Liberal–Labour |
| 24th | 1951–1955 | Bill Noden | Progressive Conservative |
| 25th | 1955–1959 | Bill Noden | Progressive Conservative |
| 26th | 1959–1963 | Bill Noden | Progressive Conservative |
| 27th | 1963–1967 | Bill Noden | Progressive Conservative |
| 28th | 1967–1971 | Pat Reid | Liberal |
| 29th | 1971–1975 | Pat Reid | Liberal |
| 30th | 1975–1977 | Pat Reid | Liberal |
| 31st | 1977–1981 | Pat Reid | Liberal |
| 32nd | 1981–1984 | Pat Reid | Liberal |
| 33rd | 1985–1987 | Jack Pierce | Progressive Conservative |
| 34th | 1987–1990 | Howard Hampton | New Democratic |
| 35th | 1990–1995 | Howard Hampton | New Democratic |
| 36th | 1995–1999 | Howard Hampton | New Democratic |
# Rakuto Kasei

Rakuto Kasei is a Japanese multinational chemicals company, with their headquarters in Otsu City, Japan and offices in Yokneam, Israel. They produce chemical products, including animal feed additives, dishwashing detergent, fertilizer, and color deepening agents for blue jeans.

## Offices

Rakuto's Japanese operations are based in Otsu City, in the Konan region, south of Lake Biwa. The company employs approximately 50 people, and performs biotechnology research in addition to manufacturing, for which it holds patents in the EU. Rakuto Kasei is a supporting member of the Japanese Society for Biotechnology.
Rakuto Kasei (Israel) Ltd. was established in 1990 as a joint venture with the Japanese company. Their Israeli operation is run by its president, Dr. Roni Bornstein, and involves industrial enzymes, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, optical brighteners, whiteners, textile auxiliaries, wine technology, and food distribution. In 2006, the company entered into an investment partnership with Israeli manufacturing company Biodalia Technologies to market biopesticides and bioinsecticides to develop products for the food and beverage industry. Rakuto Kasei Israel has developed food division which is primarily importing and distributing Asian premium including Kikkoman Soy sauce, JFC products, Sapporo Beer and more. Dr. Roni Bornstein has served as the Chairman of the Israel Japan chamber of commerce and Friendship Society between the years 1998-2004 and was reelected to the same post in September 2009.
# Rally of Discovery

The Rally of Discovery is a motorcycle rally held in the Republic of Ireland and other locales. It was started in 1994 by the Southern Motorcycle Adventure Club.
The Purpose of the Rally of Discovery is to keep in contact with the riders who take part, or have an interest in these international motorcycle adventure and navigation rallies i.e. to use motorcycles, normally trail motorcycles to explore your local area.
The first Rally started in Cork outside Isaacs Hostel, where most of the entrants stayed the night before. In the following years the event has started in different locations and latterly it has moved overseas from Ireland to keep the adventure fresh.

## Locations

* 1994 - Cork City Ireland
* 1995 - Ireland
* 1996 - Ireland
* 1997 - Ireland
* 1998 - Ireland
* 1999 - Ireland
* 2000 - Ireland
* 2001 - Crete - Rally of Discovery - Island of Crete
* 2002 - Clare Navigation Rallye Republuc of Ireland
* 2003 - Trip to Tipp - Rally of Discovery - Clonmel Ireland
* 2004 - Welsh Rally of Discovery - Wales
* 2004 - Andalucia Adventure - Rally of Discovery - South of Spain
* 2005 - Wales - Rally of Discovery - Wales
* 2006 - Cyprus - Rally of Discovery Cyprus paphos
* 2006 - Cornwall - Rally of Discovery Cornwall
* 2007 - Yorkshire - Forest Moor & Coast, Yorkshire Rally of Discovery
* 2007 - Isle of Man - Manx Rally of Discovery
* 2008 - Surrey Hills - Rally of Discovery UK 3/5 May 2008
* 2008 - Ireland - Lisdoonvarna Rally of Discovery 05 - 08 Sept 2008
# Raketenjagdpanzer 1

The Raketenjagdpanzer 1 is an anti-tank guided missile-armed tank destroyer (the first such vehicle in service with the West German Armed Forces) that entered service in 1961. It was built on the chassis of the Hispano-Suiza HS.30, which was also used on the Schützenpanzer SPz 12-3, and armed with twin French SS.11 antitank guided missile launchers. Only one of the missile launchers is visible from the outside at any time, however, as the other is retracted into the hull to be reloaded when the first is ready to fire.

## Armament

The twin mounted launchers for the SS.11 anti-tank guided weapons were the primary armament for the Raketenjagdpanzer 1. With ten missiles per vehicle, the crew had the theoretical ability to destroy ten enemy vehicles, although this was doubtful in practice. The weapon was wire-guided and the gunner continued to control the missile via a small periscope after launch. The SS.11 missile could penetrate 600 mm of rolled homogeneous armor.

## Powerplant

The Rolls-Royce B81 Mk 80F engine, which could develop 235 hp @ 3,800 rpm, was chosen to power the Raketenjagdpanzer 1. The engine was capable of pushing the vehicle to speeds of 51 km/h.

## Performance

The vehicle had a fording depth of 0.70 metres and was able to climb 60° gradients, clear vertical obstacles of 0.60 metres in height or cross trenches 1.60 metres wide.
# Al Rahbi Park

Al Rahbi Park (Arabic: حديقة الرحبي) is a park located in the Adhamiyah district of Baghdad, Iraq. The park is known for containing the tomb of the famous Muslim scholar, Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (839–923 CE), the author of the Tarikh al-Tabari historical chronicle and the famed Tafsir al-Tabari exegesis of the Qur'an.

## Tomb of Al-Tabari

The tomb of the famous Muslim jurist and scholar, Al-Tabari, is located at a far corner of Al Rahbi Park. The tomb, which had been forgotten for years, was rediscovered in 2002 when several old houses were demolished to expand the area of the park. Archaeologists and historians including Imad Abd al-Salam Rauf subsequently identified the tomb as belonging to Al-Tabari, and the place was made into a heritage site.
In late 2017, locals reported that the tomb was in a state of neglect and filthy, with rubbish being dumped on it. Subsequent pictures showed the grave in a dilapidated and filthy condition, with litter strewn everywhere. Locals were unsatisfied with the condition of the tomb, and went online to voice the matter of the government's lack of interest in preserving the tomb.
In 2018, the Sunni Endowment Office announced that a new mausoleum structure, or shrine, would be built around the pre-existing grave of Al-Tabari, headed by Abdul Latif Hamim under the supervision of Saad Mahmoud Al Qaisi, the current Director General of the Department of Religious Shrines.

### Gallery

* The tombstone of Al-Tabari, which reads: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī was born in Tabaristan, Shawwal 270 (224–310 AH). His poetry says, “If I live long, my Lord does not know, and I become self-sufficient, so my friend becomes self-sufficient, my life, the protector of my face, my prosperity, my demand, my companion.”
* The tomb in 2017
# Ramzan Siddique Bhatti

Ramzan Siddique Bhatti is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2008 to May 2018 and from August 2018 to January 2023.

## Early life and education

He was born on 2 June 1976 in Lahore.
He has a Bachelor of Arts degree which he obtained in 1995 from Forman Christian College.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency PP-153 (Lahore-XVII) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 24,391 votes and defeated Zulfiqar Ali Badar, a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-153 (Lahore-XVII) in 2013 Pakistani general election.
In December 2013, he was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary for local government.
He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-166 (Lahore-XXIII) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# Alaena interposita

Alaena interposita is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Tanzania. The habitat consists of Brachystegia woodland.

## Subspecies

* Alaena interposita interposita (Tanzania)
* Alaena interposita hauttecoeuri Oberthür, 1888 (Tanzania: south-west to the Tabora Region)
# Alaena bicolora

Alaena bicolora is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found from eastern to south-western Tanzania. The habitat consists of rocky areas in woodland.
# Al-Kaffarah

Al-Kaffarah is a term in Islamic law meaning the expiation of sin, referred to special sanction to compensate for the offense or sin when the particular for violation (evil-doing) or unintentional murder is committed. Kaffarah is paid violating some action like fasting, oath, ihram and unintentional murder and semi-unintentional murder.

## Etymology

The root of Al-Kaffarah is Kafar (Arabic: کَفَرَ‎), means covering. In Quran, Kaffarah as a kind of worship is the way that Allah ignores sins and covers them. Kaffarah literally means "a trait that tends to the expiation or atonement of sin". In practice, it means a determined penalty that is done expiation for sin.

## Types

Kaffarah is a special sanction to compensate for committing a sin, unintentional murder, or other offense. According to the Quran and Hadith, Kaffarah is classified into the following categories:

### Unintentional murder and semi-unintentional murder

In Islamic law, a person who committed the unintentional murder must release a slave or a fast of two consecutive months and pay Diya unless murder's family forgive him. Kaffara is the expiated treat for crimes while blood money (Diya), as the social function is paid to the relative of the dead, the definition describes the relationship between the offender and dead.

### Fasting

Someone breaking a fast, or not following it from its inception, or having sexual intercourse with their spouse during it, without a reason accredited by Sharia is required to pay Kaffarah. The first payment method is to release a slave, and if that is not possible, a person should fast for two successive months, or feed sixty poor people.

### Oaths

If someone breaks an oath, paying Kaffarah is necessary. In this case, Kaffarah could include:
* Feeding ten poor people
* Dress up to them (poor people)
* Releasing a slave
* Fasting three days (if the person cannot afford any of the above)

### Hajj

Anyone who violates Ihram restrictions in Hajj, (by having sexual intercourse, wearing a sewn dress, killing animals, etc.) must pay Kaffarah. In this situation, Kaffarah respectively includes:
* Three days of fasting
* Feeding sixty people
* Slaughtering a goat or even carrying out a badnah (carrying seven slaughters)
* Sadaqah

### Zihar

Zihar was a method of divorce used frequently by pagan Arabs. If someone does Zihar then returns to his wife, he must pay Kaffarah. In this situation, Kaffarah includes:
* Fasting for two successive months
* Feeding sixty poor people