OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of countries by bentonite production

Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate generally impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. There are a few types of bentonites and their names depend on the dominant elements, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and aluminium. As noted in several places in the geologic literature, there are some nomenclatorial problems with the classification of bentonite clays.
Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. However, the term bentonite, as well as a similar clay called tonstein, have been used for clay beds of uncertain origin. For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite exist: sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite.
In stratigraphy and tephrochronology, completely devitrified (weathered volcanic glass) ash-fall beds are commonly referred to as K-bentonites when the dominant clay species is illite. Other common clay species, and sometimes dominant, are montmorillonite and kaolinite. Kaolinite dominated clays are commonly referred to as tonsteins and are typically associated with coal.

## List of producing countries

This is a list of countries by bentonite production (tonnes) in 2006 mostly based on British Geological Survey accessed in June 2008.
* indicates "Natural resources of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.
Bentonite production (tonnes) per country in 2006 :
| Country (or area) | Production |
| World | 14,600,000 |
| United States | 4,620,000 |
| China * | 3,200,000 |
| Greece | 1,100,000 |
| India * | 1,081,000 |
| Turkey * | 600,000 |
| Russia * | 500,000 |
| Italy * | 470,000 |
| Mexico | 435,273 |
| Brazil * | 419,214 |
| Germany | 363,998 |
| Argentina * | 256,165 |
| Czech Republic | 220,000 |
| Iran * | 186,323 |
| Spain | 160,000 |
| Cyprus | 150,620 |
| Australia | 135,000 |
| Bulgaria | 134,500 |
| Slovakia | 95,700 |
| Poland * | 93,880 |
| South Korea * | 61,137 |
| Azerbaijan * | 40,600 |
| South Africa * | 32,878 |
| Algeria | 27,110 |
| Ukraine * | 25,000 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina * | 24,050 |
| North Macedonia * | 20,353 |
| Romania * | 20,229 |
| Pakistan * | 20,000 |
| Vietnam * | 20,000 |
| Denmark * | 19,011 |
| Croatia | 16,410 |
| Uzbekistan * | 15,000 |
| Peru * | 14,590 |
| Colombia * | 8,500 |
| Hungary * | 6,635 |
| Egypt * | 6,300 |
| Nicaragua | 6,300 |
| Indonesia * | 5,000 |
| Georgia | 4,487 |
| Philippines * | 3,600 |
| New Zealand | 3,028 |
| Thailand * | 1,200 |
| Burma * | 800 |
| Armenia * | 720 |
| Mozambique * | 610 |
# Septum glandis

The septum glandis, also septum of the glans, refers to the fibrous partition of the ventral aspect of the glans penis that separates the two glans wings in the ventral midline. The septum extends from the urethral meatus through the glanular urethra (fossa navicularis) and ends in the tunica albuginea of the human penis. Externally it is attached to the frenulum which extends lower on the neck of the penis.
The septum glandis results during the embryonic development of the male fetus as the two sides of the genital tubercle merge in the midline without fusing, to form a hollow tube that encloses the male urethra. The two sides of the preputial lamina that will become the prepuce approach on the underside and remain separated by a thin tissue of mesenchyme that will form the frenulum. Ventrally, the two wings of the corona do not fully attach to each other, remaining separated at the subglanular level.
# Fülöp

Fülöp is Hungarian for Philip.
It may also refer to:

## People

* Fülöp (surname), a Hungarian surname

## Places

* Fülöp, Hungary, a village in Hajdú-Bihar county
# None Shall Defy

None Shall Defy is the debut album by Infernäl Mäjesty. It was originally released in 1987 by Roadrunner Records and re-issued in 1996 on cd by Displeased Records with bonus tracks originally appearing on their "Nigresent Dissolution" demo in 1988.

## Track listing

* "Overlord" – 5:57
* "R.I.P." – 1:13
* "Night of the Living Dead" – 7:20
* "S.O.S." – 4:50
* "None Shall Defy" – 6:45
* "Skeletons in the Closet" – 3:51
* "Anthology of Death" – 6:51
* "Path of the Psycho" – 1:53
* "Into the Unknown" – 5:11 (Bonus on Reissue)
* "Hell on Earth" – 8:10 (Bonus on Reissue)

## Credits

* Chris Bailey– vocals
* Steve Terror– guitar
* Rick Nemes– drums (vocals on "Path of the Psycho")
* Kenny Hallman– guitar
* Psycopath– bass
# Frederick Luther Fowke

Frederick Luther Fowke (May 27, 1857 – August 25, 1939) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Ontario South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal.
He was born in Harmony, East Whitby, Canada West, the son of Job Wilson Fowke and Adeline Perkins Stone, the daughter of Marshall B. Stone, a Minnesota senator. Fowke operated a general store and sold grain and coal. He served as mayor of Oshawa from 1898 to 1907; his term was briefly interrupted by Robert McLaughlin who served during the year 1899. Fowke served as MP for Ontario South from 1908 to 1911, however he was defeated when he ran for reelection to the House of Commons in 1911 by William Smith. He served as a commissioner in charge of restoration following the Halifax Explosion. Fowke was also a member of the Toronto Board of Trade and owned Gladstone Villa in Oshawa.
He is buried in Oshawa's Union Cemetery.
1908 Canadian federal election: South riding of Ontario :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | Fred Luther Fowke | 2,939 |
| | Conservative | Peter Christie | 2,696 |
1911 Canadian federal election: South riding of Ontario :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | William Smith | 2,917 |
| | Liberal | Frederick Luther Fowke | 2,547 |
# Objlog

Objlog was a frame-based language combining objects and Prolog II from CNRS, Marseille, France.
# Archie Mitchell (disambiguation)

Archie Mitchell is a character from EastEnders.
Archie Mitchell may also refer to:
* Archie Mitchell (footballer) (1885–1949), English football centre-half and manager
* Archie E. Mitchell (born 1918), minister with the Christian and Missionary Alliance
# Stenella pittospori

Stenella pittospori is a species of anamorphic fungi.
# GlobeCast World TV

GlobeCast World TV was a television via satellite service received in North America via the Galaxy 19 satellite, providing ethnic television and audio channels. It was a service by Globecast, a subsidiary of Orange. In North America, the satellite broadcasts dozens of Arabic and Asian channels.
The direct-to-home service was providing free-to-air and Nagravision-encrypted channels. The pay TV service was shut down at the end of 2013, but the free-to-air channels remain available on Galaxy 19. The brand World TV and the associated web site are now terminated.
In Europe, the GlobeCast World TV service was officially launched in June 2007, but was discontinued in 2008. It was received via Intelsat 905 satellite and was providing a bouquet of ethnic TV channels from India and Pakistan.
Also, in 2012 and 2013, Globecast operated MyGlobeTV, a set of Internet-delivered pay-TV ethnic packages to connected devices: Netgem Internet set-top-box, iOS and Android devices.

## Reception equipment

Free-to-air channels on Galaxy 19 can be received in most parts of the United States, including Hawaii and southern Canada with a 75 cm (30") diameter dish and any MPEG-2 DVB compliant free-to-air receiver.
Satellite receivers for the Glorystar system, which also uses Galaxy 19, can also tune in the FTA channels if the viewer scans the channels manually.
In converse, Glorystar channels, as well as other FTA channels on Galaxy 19, can be tuned with a GlobeCast receiver, if one knows the specific details, such as frequency, symbol rate, and polarization, obtainable from sources such as Lyngsat.
For pay channels, GlobeCast used to provide subscribers with GlobeCast WorldTV-labeled DVB-S receivers.
Between 2006 and 2009, GlobeCast provided receivers of model SE830 made by Taiwanese company Eastern Electronics Co., Ltd.
From 2009, GlobeCast also provided receivers of model Arion AF-2500 made by a Korean company Arion Technology Inc.
From 2011, GlobeCast also provided receivers with built-in Digital Video Recorder, model ZDS-801N, made by Zinwell.

## MyGlobeTV

In 2012, Globecast also began launching a direct to home alternative to satellite distribution through an OTT IPTV service called MyGlobeTV using the NetGem N8200 set top box. The MyGlobeTV service was discontinued in December 2013.
# Oscar de Satgé

Oscar John de Satgé (1836–1906) was an Australian squatter and politician. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## Early life

Oscar John de Satgé was born on 20 November 1836 in Lausanne, Switzerland, the son of Ernest Valentine, first vicomte de Satgé de St Jean, and his wife Caroline (née Sparkes). He attended school at Rugby School from 1849 to 1952. In May 1853, he immigrated to Melbourne, Australia, on the Essex.

## Politics

On 29 January 1869, Robert Travers Atkin, member for Clermont, resigned. On 4 March 1869, Oscar de Satge was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly at the resulting by-election, defeating Charles Hardie Buzacott, the proprietor of the local newspaper, the Peak Downs Telegram. He held that seat only until he resigned on 4 April 1870. John Robinson Benson won the resulting by-election on 4 May 1870. However, only a few months later, at the next state election on 6 September 1870, Oscar de Satge was re-elected in the seat on 6 September 1870, which he held until he resigned again on 9 April 1872. Charles Graham won the resulting by-election on 30 April 1872.
On 4 November 1873, he was elected again, this time in the electoral district of Normanby. He held this seat until he resigned on 20 March 1877. George Fox won the resulting by-election on 19 April 1877.
On 30 December 1880, Boyd Dunlop Morehead, the member for Mitchell, was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council. Oscar de Satge won the resulting by-election on 3 February 1881. He held this seat until he resigned on 5 April 1882. John Govett won the resulting by-election on 27 April 1882.

## Later life

A noted pastoralist, he acquired the Augustus Downs Station in around 1881 along with Carandotta Station after selling Coreena Station for £70,000.
In 1882, de Satge retired to England. On 3 August 1882, he married Beatrice Elizabeth Fletcher at Madehurst, Sussex, with whom he had one son and two daughters. In 1883, 1888 and 1893, he visited Australia to inspect his properties.
In 1901, he published a book of his experiences under the title Pages from the journal of a Queensland squatter; he dedicated his book to Robert Herbert, the first Queensland Premier. The book has been digitised and made available for public download by the Open Library.
He died on 26 September 1906 at his residence, Elysee, Shorncliffe Road, Folkestone. His estate was valued at £443.

## Publications

* Oscar De Satge (1901), Pages from the journal of a Queensland squatter, London Hurst and Blackett, Limited, retrieved 24 January 2014
# Sub-loop unbundling

In the telephony business, sub-loop unbundling (SLU) is a type of unbundled access whereby a sub-section of the local loop is unbundled. In practice this often means the competitor placing a small street cabinet with a DSLAM, next to a telco local copper aggregation cabinet or serving area interface and using a "tie cable" to connect to the last part of the local loop into customers' homes. Lyddington in Rutland was the first example of SLU in the UK when local provider Rutland Telecom unbundled the cabinet to offer VDSL broadband.

## Advantages

The short range brings superior bit-rate performance, compared to normal local loop unbundling (LLU). The local loop can be accessed using shared metallic path or full metallic path facilities. In the latter, which was first deployed in the UK in the village of Lyddington by Rutland Telecom, the telco loses remote access to the part of the local loop between the cabinet and the customer's premises unless the SLU Operator allows IP-level access via their DSLAM.
The street cabinet is connected to a point of presence on the national network using long-range wireless or fibre. Where fibre is used, the technology is often referred to as fibre to the cabinet (FTTC)
Where VDSL or VDSL2 is used to deliver a service, competing SLU operators at the same site must adhere to tie cable length limitations to prevent interference. Other restrictions are in force to prevent interference with ADSL or ADSL2+ frequencies on the local loop from the serving exchange. In the UK the incumbent telco aggregation cabinets are known as Primary Connection Points (PCPs) and each one is assigned a CAL (Cabinet Assigned Loss) value based on its distance from the serving exchange.
* This article related to telephony is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Septum primum

During heart development of a human embryo, the single primitive atrium becomes divided into right and left by a septum, the septum primum. The septum primum (from Latin 'first septum') grows downward into the single atrium.

## Development

The gap below it is known as the ostium primum (from Latin 'first opening'), and becomes increasingly small. The septum primum eventually fuses with the endocardial cushion, closing the ostium primum off completely. Meanwhile, perforations appear in the superior part of the septum primum, forming the ostium secundum (from Latin 'second opening'). The septum primum will eventually form part of the fossa ovalis. Blood flow between atria will continue through the foramen ovale (heart).

## Clinical significance

Failure of the septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushion can lead to an ostium primum atrial septal defect. This is the second most common type of atrial septal defect and is commonly seen in Down syndrome. Typically this defect will cause a shunt to occur from the left atrium to the right atrium. Children born with this defect may be asymptomatic, however, over time pulmonary hypertension and the resulting hypertrophy of the right side of the heart will lead to a reversal of this shunt. This reversal is called Eisenmenger's syndrome.
# Noordeinde

Noordeinde is a Dutch placename, meaning "North end". It refers to several Dutch settlements:
* Noordeinde, Gelderland
* Noordeinde, Utrecht
* Noordeinde, Zeeland
* Noordeinde, Alkmaar, in North Holland
* Noordeinde, Berkel en Rodenrijs, in South Holland
* Noordeinde, Nieuwkoop, in South Holland
* Noordeinde, Oostzaan, in North Holland
It also refers to a street in The Hague, and to the Noordeinde Palace located there.
# Helen Clarke

Helen Clarke may refer to:
* Helen Clarke (field hockey) (born 1971), New Zealand field hockey player
* Helen A. Clarke (1860–1926), American literary critic and editor
* Helen P. Clarke (1846–1923), American actress and bureaucrat
# Gulzar, Kharan

Gulzar is Union council of Kharan District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at 28°1'0N 63°26'0E with an altitude of 540 metres (1774 feet).
# Dorléac

Dorléac is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Catherine Dorléac (born 1943), French actress, known as Catherine Deneuve
* Françoise Dorléac (1942–1967), French actress
* Jean-Pierre Dorleac, French costume designer
* Laurence Bertrand Dorléac (born 1957), French art historian
* Maurice Dorléac (1901–1979), French actor, father of Catherine and Françoise
# Stenella tristaniae

Stenella tristaniae is a species of anamorphic fungi.

## Description

Belonging to the Stenella genus, this species is a Cercospora-like fungus with a superficial secondary mycelium, solitary conidiophores, conidiogenous cells with thickened and darkened conidiogenous loci and catenate or single conidia with dark, slightly thickened hila.
# Thiollierea pachyphylla

Thiollierea pachyphylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
# Oswald Hogarth

The Ven. Oswald James Hogarth, MA (1874–1961) was archdeacon of The Cape from 1927 to 1932.
Hogarth was educated at the Diocesan College, Cape Town and Christ Church, Oxford; and ordained deacon in 1898 and priest in 1899. After curacies in Battersea and Rondebosch he became Rector of Salt River. From 1919 to 1922 he was a Diocesan School Inspector in Oxford. Returning to South Africa, he served further incumbencies in Cape Town and Kalk Bay before he became Archdeacon; and at Severn Stoke in England afterwards.
He died on 21 August 1961.
# Helen Clay Pedersen

Helen Clay Pedersen née Helen Clay (1862–1950) was an English-born Danish women's rights activist who from 1910 was president of the Kolding branch of the Danish Women's Society (Dansk Kvindesamfund) for a period of 35 years. She is also remembered for establishing Kvindernes hus (the Women's House) which opened in Kolding in 1922. Clay Pedersen was active in the International Alliance of Women, participating in their 1929 conference in Berlin.

## Biography

Born on 27 May 1862 in London, England, Helen Clay was the daughter of the lawyer Samuel Hobbs (1834–1888) and Martha Clay (1838–1916). She met her husband-to-be Anders Simonsen Pedersen (1868–1958) in London where he was studying gardening. She returned to Denmark with him in 1893 and they married that September, settling in Kolding. In 1897, they established Aalykke, their gardening business with a flower and vegetable shop managed by Clay Pedersen.
The Kolding branch of the Danish Women's Society was established in 1905. After becoming president in 1908, Clay Petersen set about arranging the 1912 Kvindernes Udstilling i Kolding, a national exhibition of women's achievements in arts and crafts. The exhibition was a great success and a fine introduction to the Women's Society meeting the same year at which Jutta Bojsen-Møller called for rapid progress on women's voting rights.
Her next major project was the establishment of the Women's House in Kolding which opened in 1922. It was the first time the Women's Society had built their own facilities, 14 years earlier that Copenhagen's Women's House. In 1929, Clay Petersen attended the International Woman Suffrage Alliance conference in Berlin where she was one of those who created Open Door International, designed to support married women's working rights. The following year she headed the Danish version known as Den åbne Dør.
After heading Kolding's branch of the Women's Society for 35 years, she retired in 1945, becoming an honorary member for life, as well as an honorary member of Den åbne Dør.
Helen Clay Pedersen died on 16 April 1950 in Kolding. The Danish Women's Society placed a remembrance stone on her grave.
# Gulzar, Dera Bugti

Gulzar is a town and union council of Dera Bugti District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at 30°31'30N 69°1'50E and has an altitude of 1292 metres (4242 feet).
# Archiephestia

Archiephestia is a monotypic snout moth genus described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1955. Its single species, Archiephestia adpiscinella, was described by Pierre Chrétien in 1911. It was described from North Africa but is also known from Spain.
The wingspan is 6.5-10.5 mm.
# Fuelleborn's labeo

The Fuelleborn's labeo (Labeo fuelleborni) is an African species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Burundi and Tanzania in the Lake Rukwa basin, Lake Tanganyika and the Malagarasi River. Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater lakes, and inland deltas. Its status is insufficiently known.
# Thiollierea lenormandii

Thiollierea lenormandii is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
# Hasso von Wedel (aviator)

Oberleutnant Hasso von Wedel (12 May 1893–1945) IC began his career as a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. He served as a fighter pilot during World War II; in the Battle of Britain, after a spell as a prisoner of war, he was repatriated and fought in the Battle of Berlin.

## Prewar life

Hasso von Wedel was born in Vogelsang on 12 May 1893. On 22 March 1912, he enlisted as a cadet in the 11th Dragoon Regiment.

## World War I service

Once the war began, Wedel transferred to aviation duty. He trained as an aerial observer in November 1915. Once trained, he served in reconnaissance aircraft until May 1917 in a series of artillery spotting squadrons. During this spell, on 22 September 1916, he was credited with downing an enemy aircraft.
For a short spell in February 1918, Wedel joined a fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 14. On 21 February, he was transferred to command Jagdstaffel 75. On 16 May 1918, he shot down an observation balloon for his second victory. He was wounded in action on 28 June.
On 21 August, Wedel was appointed to two posts. He would command Jagdgruppe 12 while also leading one of its squadrons, Jagdstaffel 24. During September, Wedel would shoot down three enemy aircraft, two of which were SE-5a fighters. By war's end, Wedel would have won both classes of the iron Cross.

## World War II service

Wedel flew a Messerschmitt Bf 109 into the Battle of Britain. At 12:15 hours on 15 September 1940, he was shot down near Bilsington. He survived the crash and was repatriated. He died in the final defense of Berlin in 1945.

## Endnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 Franks et al 1993, pp. 226–227.
# Subliminal Genocide

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | (7.8/10) |
Subliminal Genocide is a 2006 album by the American one-man black metal act Xasthur. It was reviewed as being "more spiteful than...previous albums".

## Personnel

* Malefic – vocals, all instruments, production