OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St Nicholas Church, St Helens

St Nicholas Church is in New Street, Sutton, Merseyside, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Saint Helens, the Archdeaconry of Warrington and the diocese of Liverpool. Its benefice is combined with those of All Saints, Sutton, and St Michael and All Angels, Sutton. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## History

The church was built in 1847–49 and designed by the Lancaster architects Sharpe and Paley. Its total cost was over £3,900 (equivalent to £510,000 in 2023), to which King's College, Cambridge, patron of the church, contributed £1,270 in commemoration of the fourth centenary of its foundation. The church was consecrated on 4 June 1849 by Rt Revd John Graham, Bishop of Chester. The tower was added in 1897 and the vestry in the 1960s.

## Architecture

St Nicholas is built in stone rubble with slate roofs. It is in Geometric style. The plan consists of a five-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a west tower, a three-bay chancel with a south organ loft, a north vestry, and a south porch. The tower has diagonal buttresses, a three-light west window, two-light louvred bell openings, and a stair turret. Around the summit is an embattled parapet. The chancel has gabled buttresses, and is surmounted by a parapet supported by corbels. The stained glass in the east window dates from 1879; it was designed by Henry Holiday and depicts Faith, Hope and Charity. Elsewhere is stained glass dating from the 1850s and 1890s.
# Zone 56, Qatar

Zone 56 is a zone of the municipality of Al Rayyan in the state of Qatar. The main districts recorded in the 2015 population census were Fereej Al Asiri, New Fereej Al Khulaifat, Bu Samra, Al Mamoura, Abu Hamour, Mesaimeer, and Ain Khaled.
Other districts which fall within its administrative boundaries are Labour City and Umm Al Seneem.

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 1986 | 4,063 |
| 1997 | 15,563 |
| 2004 | 29,383 |
| 2010 | 73,270 |
| 2015 | 128,928 |

## Land use

The Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME) breaks down land use in the zone as follows.
| Area (km$^2$) | Developed land (km$^2$) | Undeveloped land (km$^2$) | Residential (km$^2$) | Commercial/ Industrial (km$^2$) | Education/ Health (km$^2$) | Farming/ Green areas (km$^2$) | Other uses (km$^2$) |
| 61.14 | 38.00 | 23.14 | 10.94 | 1.90 | 1.33 | 0.16 | 23.67 |
# Jeffrey Miron

Jeffrey Alan "Jeff" Miron (/ˈmaɪrən/; born January 31, 1957) is an American economist. He served as the chairman of the department of economics at Boston University from 1992 to 1998, and currently teaches at Harvard University, serving as a senior lecturer and director of undergraduate studies in Harvard's economics department. Miron holds the position of director of economic policy studies at the Cato Institute.

## Biography

Miron is an outspoken libertarian. He was one of the 166 economists to sign a letter to congressional leaders in opposition to the bailout plan put forth by the U.S. federal government in response to the financial crisis of 2007–2008. He advocated that those companies that floundered during the crisis should be bankrupt instead of receiving government help. He has proposed three policy reforms to help the US economy recover from the financial crisis: cutting entitlements, freezing regulation, and replacing the existing tax code with a flat tax on consumption. Miron has also spoken out against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, arguing that it is economically unfeasible and will increase the US deficit; instead, he suggests limiting government intervention is the best way to lower overall health care costs and make health care accessible to the most people. He has studied the effects of drug criminalization for 15 years, and argues that all drugs should be legalized. He also supports the legalization of sex work. Miron supports open borders, arguing that the United States should impose "no immigration restrictions at all." He opposes foreign interventions because "they cost far more than initially acknowledged while failing to help either America or the target countries."

## Writings

* Casebook for Use With Macroeconomics. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers. 1992. ISBN 978-0-87901-597-8.
* The Economics of Seasonal Cycles. The MIT Press. 1996. ISBN 978-0-262-13323-4.
* Drug War Crimes: The Consequences of Prohibition. Independent Institute. 2004. ISBN 978-0-945999-90-4.
* Libertarianism, from A to Z. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-01943-4.
# Zoumri

Zoumri is a sub-prefecture of Tibesti Region in Chad.
# Red-backed toadlet

The red-backed toadlet (Pseudophryne coriacea) is a species of ground frog native to the coast and adjacent ranges of eastern Australia, from just north of Sydney to South-eastern Queensland.

## Description

This species of frog reaches about 35mm in length. It is normally red, from red-orange or red-brown on the dorsal surface, however on occasion grey-red colour morphs can occur (see image). There is a dark (normally black) "dividing" line present right down the entire side of the frog, starting from the nostril. This line separates the red dorsal surface from the strongly marbled black and white ventral surface. There is a white spot in the pits.

## Ecology and behaviour

This species is normally associated with rainforest and wet sclerphyll forest, however it is also found in dry sclerophyll forest, woodland and at times cleared areas. It is normally found in areas that are frequently flooded such as roadside ditches, creeks and temporary pools. The diet of this toadlet is similar to the diet of P. bibronii, feeding mostly on small invertebrates present in the leaf litter.
Males make an "ark" call, similar to most Pseudophryne species, but it is slightly more of an elongated note compared to P. australis and P. bibronii. Males call from under moist leaf litter and rotting logs, during spring, summer and autumn, they breed after rain. As with other Pseudophryne species the male stays with the eggs in the nest site and may mate with more than one female. Eggs are laid in the nest site and tadpoles hatch after heavy rain floods the nest site and the develop in the temporary pools. Tadpole development is relatively short, due to the ephemeral nature of the pools in which they dwell.

## Sources

* Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney.
* Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney.
* Frogs Australia Network-frog call available here.
# Zurobata vacillans

Zurobata vacillans is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in the Oriental tropics of India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and New Guinea.
The caterpillar is unusual in having host plants other than typical green plants. The larva feeds on fungus on dead leaves, several lichens and Coccoidea (scale insects).
# Jellyfish (short story collection)

Jellyfish is a short story collection by Scottish author Janice Galloway, published by Freight Books in 2015.

## Major themes

In the epigraph to Jellyfish, Galloway notes that she seeks to redefine David Lodge's idea that "literature is mostly about having sex and not much about having children; life's the other way around". Throughout the 14 stories in Jellyfish, Galloway connects the themes sex, love, and parenthood, as well as both mental and physical illnesses.

## Reception and awards

Jellyfish was shortlisted for the Saltire Society Literary Award in 2015 in literary fiction and longlisted for the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award.
# Red River Landing, Louisiana

Red River Landing was the name of a community located in northern Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community was located near the Red River and the Mississippi River, adjacent to the current location of Louisiana State Penitentiary.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers maintains a river-monitoring gauge at this location, approximately 5 miles (8 km) downstream of the Old River Control Structure.

## History

In 1836, a post office was established at Red River Point in northern Pointe Coupee Parish. This area was once a major economic point and the transfer point for all immigration and mail. Before the advent of the railroads, daily stages ran from this community to Shreveport, Louisiana. However, after the old railroad bridge collapsed, the once thriving community began to decline steadily. In 1902, the post office was changed to Torras, after Joseph Torras, whose son-in-law, N. P. Phillips, founded the area.
# Édouard Pecher

Édouard Gustave Charles Marie Pecher (24 November 1885 – 27 December 1926) was a Belgian lawyer and liberal politician. He was president of the Liberal Party from 1921 until 1926.
Pecher was a doctor in law and became a member of parliament (1912–1919 and 1921–1926) for the district Antwerp. He was briefly Minister of the Colonies (1926) and died in office. From 1924 up to 1926, he was President of the Liberal Party.
His son was Charles Pecher.

## Sources

* ↑ Milieux de presse et journalistes en Belgique (1828–1914) – p. 376 Pierre Van den Dungen – 2005 "... de file des libéraux anversois, Édouard Pecher."
# Jen George

Jen George is an American writer. She was born in Thousand Oaks, California. She grew up in a large family, in economically constrained circumstances. She now lives in New York City.
George is the writer of the short story collection The Babysitter at Rest (2016). In 2017, she was named by Granta magazine as one of the best young writers in the United States. Her work has appeared in n+1, BOMB, and Harper's.
# Reerslev

Reerslev is a town in the Høje-Taastrup Municipality in northeast Zealand, Denmark. It is located 3.5 kilometers south of Hedehusene, 3.5 kilometers north of Tune and 27 kilometers west of Copenhagen. As of 2024, it has a population of 721.
# Jens Marquardt

Jens Marquardt (born in Sindelfingen, Germany, at 20 May 1967), is a German motor sports engineer and manager, most recently the business development manager of Toyota Motorsport GmbH.

## Career

After gaining a degree in aerospace technology, he joined Ilmor Engineering in 1996, developing both Formula One and CART engines. In 2000 he joined Toyota Motorsport, initially working on engine design and development, before becoming F1 Operations and Team Manager in 2008. After Toyota exited Formula 1 at the end of the 2009 season, he was as General Manager Business Development, Operations & Production.
Marquardt joined BMW as co-director of its motorsport division on 1 January 2011, before replacing the retiring Mario Theissen on 1 July.
Marquardt oversaw BMW domination in the DTM with BMW taking the manufacturers' title, teams' title with BMW Team Schnitzer, and drivers' title with Bruno Spengler.
# Jeffrey Eppinger

Jeffrey Lee Eppinger (born ca 1960) is an American computer scientist, entrepreneur and professor at the Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science.

## Biography

Eppinger was a student at Carnegie Mellon University, where in 1983, he won the George E. Forsythe Award for best undergraduate paper on his research in binary search trees. Eppinger had made empirical studies of their behaviour under random deletions and insertions.
Eppinger earned his PhD in Computer Science in 1988. His dissertation demonstrated the integration of the Mach Operating System's virtual memory with the Camelot Transaction System. This recoverable virtual memory concept was subsequently used to implement the Coda file system.
Eppinger was a co-founder of Transarc Corporation, which was acquired by IBM in 1994.
In 2001, Eppinger returned to Carnegie Mellon as Professor of the Practice in the School of Computer Science.

## Personal Life

Eppinger is married with two children.
# Reflation

Reflation is used to describe a return of prices to a previous rate of inflation. One usage describes an act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by reducing taxes, seeking to bring the economy (specifically the price level) back up to the long-term trend, following a dip in the business cycle. It is the opposite of disinflation, which seeks to return the economy back down to the long-term trend.

## Overview

In this perspective, reflation, is contrasted with inflation (narrowly speaking) above the some long-term trend line, while reflation is a recovery of the price level when it has fallen below the trend line. For example, if inflation had been running at a 3% rate, but for one year it falls to 0%, the following year would need 6% inflation (actually 6.09% due to compounding) to catch back up to the long-term trend. This higher than normal inflation is considered reflation, since it is a return to trend, not exceeding the long-term trend.
This distinction is predicated on a theory that economic growth, where there is long-term growth in the economy and price level, is both sustainable and desirable. Just as disinflation is considered an acceptable antidote to high inflation, reflation is considered to be an antidote to deflation (which, unlike inflation, is considered bad regardless of its magnitude).
Reflation has also found usage in forensic economics to describe a return to monopolistic (exorbitant) price paths following correction. Inflation can be regarded as expansion of prices beyond previous levels, while reflation can describe return to a previous pricing strategy.

## Policy

The term "reflation" can also refer to an economic policy whereby a government uses fiscal or monetary stimulus in order to expand a country's output. This can possibly be achieved by methods that include reducing tax, changing the money supply, or even adjusting interest rates.
Originally, it was used to describe a recovery of price to a previous desirable level after a fall caused by a recession. Today it also (in addition to the above) describes the first phase in the recovery of an economy which is beginning to experience increasing prices at the end of a slump. With rising prices, employment, output and income also increase till the economy reaches the level of full employment.
# Jeffrey T. Pennington

Jeffrey T. Pennington is a retired major general in the United States Air Force who last served as deputy commander of the Air Force Reserve Command from 2022 to 2024. He commanded the Fourth Air Force from 2020 to 2022.
His retirement ceremony was held on April 26, 2024.

## Dates of promotion

| Rank | Date |
| Major general | Apr. 29, 2021 |
| Brigadier general | July 3, 2018 |
| Colonel | Sept. 1, 2011 |
| Lieutenant colonel | Sept. 1, 2007 |
| Major | Dec. 1, 2003 |
| Captain | July 28, 1997 |
| First lieutenant | July 28, 1995 |
| Second lieutenant | July 28, 1993 |
# Reggia di Quisisana

The Reggia di Quisisana is a former royal residence located in the frazione of Quisisana, outside of Castellammare di Stabia, in the Metropolitan City of Naples, region of Campania, Italy.

## History

A structure at the site is documented prior to 1200, but buildings have been modified over the centuries. Over the past century, it moved from royal summer residence to becoming a school, then a hotel, and finally falling into near ruin in the 21st century.
The term Quisisana is attributed to the term Domus de loco sano, or place of healing. The Villa is mentioned in 1280 relation to Charles I d'Anjou and mentioned in the Decameron. It was at the time part of a fortified town. In the following centuries it became property of the Farnese family. But the villa was refurbished under the House of Bourbon including in 1758 Ferdinand IV of Naples, and later, Ferdinand II of Naples. In 1878, the House of Savoy ceded the property to the commune, and it became the elegant Hotel Margherita and later in 1923, Royal Hotel Quisisana until the 1960s. The layout is a jumble of wings. The surroundings are Italian Gardens. In 2016, the property is still under restoration.
# Regimental Square

Regimental Square is a war memorial in the Wynyard area in the city centre of Sydney, Australia. An upgrade of the area was expected to be completed by mid-2016.

## Description

The memorial is in the form of a small, pedestrianised square, occupying the whole width of a section of Wynyard Street that adjoins George Street, a major thoroughfare. The memorial was erected to commemorate the campaigns of the Royal Australian Regiment in Korea, Malaya and Vietnam. A series of bronze sculptures of soldiers in action, are attached to a wall of Sydney sandstone, 8 metres long x 1.5 metres high. Dennis Adams OAM was commissioned, to create the memorial, by the Royal Australian Regiment Association, the funds acquired through subscriptions from members and friends, supplemented by a gift of $3,000 from the Government of South Korea. On 8 December 1976 the memorial was unveiled by the then Governor of New South Wales, Sir Roden Cutler.

## Gallery

* List of the members of the RAR 7th battalion killed in Vietnam 1967–68 and 1970–71.
* List of the members of the RAR 8th battalion killed in Malaysia 1967–69 and Vietnam 1969–70.
* List of the members of the RAR 9th battalion killed in South Vietnam 1968–69.
* Explanation of the memorial.
# Jelovci

Jelovci is a village in the municipality of Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Red Tag (artificial fly)

The Red Tag is an artificial fly originally designed as a dry fly for grayling and trout in the north country of England. The fly pattern, when introduced into Australia, particularly Tasmania, became extremely successful and popular for brown trout and remains today as one of the most essential flies for Australian fly anglers.

## Origin

The Red Tag was originally designed by Martyn Flynn from Worcestershire, England in the 1850s as a dry fly for grayling. Its original name was the Worcestershire Gem and was also known as the Worcestershire Wonder. red

## Materials

The typical Red Tag is tied with a body of peacock herl, a tail of red or crimson wool, and a red cock's hackle (actual color of hack is reddish brown). The hackle can be hen's hackle for wet fly versions. Hook sizes vary from #16 through #10.

## Variations

As described in Australia’s Best Trout Flies - Revisited (2016), Malcolm Crosse unless otherwise attributed
* Red Palmer
* CDC Red Tag
* Reverse Red Tag
* Red Tag Nymph
* 1-2-1 Guide Tag
* Seal's Fur Red Tag
As described in The New Illustrated Dictionary of Trout Flies (1986), John Roberts
* Badger Red Tag
* Treacle Parkin
* Green Tag
* Red palmer
* 1-2-1 Guide Tag
* Zulu Tag
* Red Tag Nymph
# Zwartkop

Zwartkop is a residential suburb next to Centurion lake in Centurion, South Africa. Historically the suburb was part of the town of Centurion. The suburb is located on a cluster of hills south-west of the Centurion lake. The suburb contains multiple security areas which have been closed off and is monitored by independent security companies. All residential properties in Zwartkop remains free-standing houses with the exception of Zwartkop Extension 7 which has multiple apartments and town-house complexes.
There is a large shopping complex in the suburb called Centurion gate which can be found on the corner of the N1 highway and the M19 metropolitan road (John Vorster Drive). The headquarters for OUTsurance, a large well-known short term insurance company is located in the north of Zwartkop.

## History

A prominent family living in the area, the Erasmus family purchased the land in 1841 which is today the greater Centurion and three different farms were established. Daniel Jacobus Erasmus settled on the farm Zwartkop, Daniel Elardus Erasmus on the farm Doornkloof and Rasmus Elardus Erasmus developed the farm Brakfontein. Several of the suburbs like Erasmia, Elardus Park, Zwartkop and Doornkloof were named after the original owners of the land and their properties. The suburb of Zwartkop lies within the boundaries of the original farm by the same name.

## Transport

Zwartkop is bordered by both the N1 and N14 highways allowing quick access by car. The suburb is also serviced by Gautrain bus feeder routes (C2 as well as C3 runs through the suburb).

## Geographic location

vtePlaces adjacent to Zwartkop :
Eldoraigne
Lyttelton Clubview
Centurion
Hennopspark Wierdapark
Zwartkop
Irene, Gauteng Centurion Golf Estate
Rooihuiskraal
Midrand Eco-park Estate
Highveld :
# Zwartowo

Zwartowo may refer to the following places:
* Zwartowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Zwartowo, Białogard County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Zwartowo, Szczecinek County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Zwartewaal

Zwartewaal is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland, The Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Voorne aan Zee and lies about 5 km south of Maassluis.

## History

The village was first mentioned in the middle of the 13th century as "ten Zwarten Wale", and means "black (water) pond created after a dike breech". Zwartewaal is dike village which developed after 1180 when the Zwartewaal polder was created. A fishing harbour was constructed outside the dike. On 5 July 1351. the Battle of Zwartewaal was fought where William I, Duke of Bavaria defeated his mother and became count of Holland. Mother and son made peace in 1354.
The Dutch Reformed church is a single aisled church from the 15th century. The tower was built in 1597. The church is built on a terp (artificial hill) and is located outside of the village centre, because the village relocated due to flooding.
Zwartewaal was home to 1,006 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1980, when it became part of Brielle.

## Gallery

* Dutch Reformed church
* Zwartewaal and surroundings from Gemeente Atlas van Nederland by J. Kuyper, 1867
# Rebel Inc. (magazine)

Rebel Inc. is a Scots counter-culture publishing company and literary journal, founded by Kevin Williamson in 1992 with the slogan of "F*** the Mainstream!". Duncan Mclean, Gordon Legge, Barry Graham and Sandie Craigie were involved in setting it up. For a time Craigie was its co-editor. It attempted to tap into “the darker undercurrent of Scottish society in the post-Thatcher era”.
Rebel Inc Magazine ran to five issues between 1992 and 1994, publishing new work by writers such as Irvine Welsh, Alan Warner, Laura Hird, Toni Davidson and John King before any of them had books in print. Issue 4 featured an infamous 'Ecstasy Interview' - an unedited conversation between Kevin Williamson and Irvine Welsh whilst both editor and writer were under the influence of the psychoactive drug, MDMA.
In his blog of February 2008, Kevin Williamson wrote "I pulled a stunt on Radio Scotland which satisfied the Malcolm McLaren criteria of "establishing the name", as related to one of the finest exploitation movies of all time: The Great Rock'n'Roll Swindle."
In 1996, following the success of Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh, Rebel Inc. was incorporated into the Canongate Books stable of independent publishers. A steady stream of releases then ensued, with out-of-print editions by the likes of Alexander Trocchi and Sadegh Hedayat, who themselves are considered influential by many contemporary dark Scottish authors such as Welsh and Alan Warner. It brought on a new generation of foreign writers such as Henry Baum, Joel Rose and Ray Loriga, who shared its outlook.
The Rebel Inc. imprint ended as a result of disagreement between Williamson and Canongate over the creative and commercial direction of the imprint, which led to Williamson's resignation and departure from the company in January 2001. The imprint ended abruptly, Canongate would later claim this was due to financial restructuring. Many of Rebel Inc.'s titles and authors were subsequently transferred into the main Canongate itinerary.
In 2012 Williamson announced plans to revive Rebel Inc. on its 20th anniversary.