OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quantum configuration space

In quantum mechanics, the Hilbert space is the space of complex-valued functions belonging to $L^{2}(\mathbb {R} ^{3},d^{3}x)$, where the simple $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$ is the classical configuration space of free particle which has finite degrees of freedom, and $d^{3}x$ is the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$. In the quantum mechanics the domain space of the wave functions $\psi$ is the classical configuration space $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$.
In classical field theory, the configuration space of the field is an infinite-dimensional space. The single point denoted $A$ in this space is represented by the set of functions $A_{I}({\vec {x}})\in \mathbb {R} ^{3}$ where ${\vec {x}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{3}$ and $I$ represents an index set.
In quantum field theory, it is expected that the Hilbert space is also the $L^{2}$ space on the configuration space of the field, which is infinite dimensional, with respect to some Borel measure naturally defined. However, it is often hard to define a concrete Borel measure on the classical configuration space, since the integral theory on infinite dimensional space is involved.
Thus the intuitive expectation should be modified, and the concept of quantum configuration space should be introduced as a suitable enlargement of the classical configuration space so that an infinite dimensional measure, often a cylindrical measure, can be well defined on it.
In quantum field theory, the quantum configuration space, the domain of the wave functions $\Psi$, is larger than the classical configuration space. While in the classical theory we can restrict ourselves to suitably smooth fields, in quantum field theory we are forced to allow distributional field configurations. In fact, in quantum field theory physically interesting measures are concentrated on distributional configurations.
That physically interesting measures are concentrated on distributional fields is the reason why in quantum theory fields arise as operator-valued distributions.
The example of a scalar field can be found in the references
# J. W. Gough

John Wiedhofft Gough (23 February 1900 - 1976) was a Welsh historian noted for his study of John Locke's political philosophy.

## Life and career

Gough matriculated at Merton College, Oxford in 1918.
Gough was described as an outstanding student whilst at Oxford, achieving a first in both the classics and modern history, in 1922 and 1923, respectively. He was a Lecturer at the University of Bristol between 1923 and 1931, and during this time spent a year as Visiting Lecturer at Western Reserve University, Ohio. In 1932 he was made a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, and in 1947 was appointed lecturer in modern history. He was awarded a DLitt in 1965.
Gough was twice married: firstly in 1926 to Margaret Christian, née Rintoul, with whom he had a son and two daughters; following Margaret's death in 1939, he remarried in 1941, to Margaret Johnston, née Maclagan.

## Works

* The Mines of Mendip (1930)
* The Superlative Prodigall, a life of Thomas Bushell (1932)
* The Social Contract: A Critical Study of its Development (Oxford University Press, 1936; 2nd ed., 1957).
* John Locke's Political Philosophy: Eight Studies (Oxford University Press, 1950; 2nd ed., 1973).
* Fundamental Law in English Constitutional History (1955)
# J. W. Graham Peace

James William Graham Peace (1870-1946) was one of the founders of the Commonwealth Land Party (UK) and an important figure in the Georgist Movement.
His main work was The Great Robbery (1933), but he also wrote a range of pamphlets and articles.
# J. W. Fiske & Company

J. W. Fiske & Company of New York City was the most prominent American manufacturer of decorative cast iron and cast zinc in the second half of the nineteenth century. In addition to their wide range of garden fountains, statues, urns, and cast-iron garden furniture, they provided many of the cast-zinc Civil War memorials of small towns throughout the northern states following the American Civil War. These were commonly painted to imitate bronze.
The entrepreneurial founder, Joseph Winn Fiske (May 22, 1832 — October 20, 1903) out-sourced the iron and zinc-alloy foundry-work itself, and concentrated on the firm's connections with modellers on the one hand and customer relations on the other. Fiske, of a colonial family in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, spent some years as a merchandiser in Melbourne, Australia, before returning to the United States in 1857. He founded his business, at first in partnership with hardwareman Thomas W. Brown, in Boston (by 1862) and New York, December 1863. The "& Co." was dropped in 1862 in the business. Fiske's lavishly illustrated catalogues, issued at brief intervals, kept the firm in the public eye and incidentally show art historians how casually design patents were infringed in the nineteenth century.
Fiske's designs ranged from the naturalistic foliate designs that were the stock-in-trade of mid-Victorian style to sculptures after the Antique or neoclassical works of Antonio Canova or Bertel Thorvaldsen, suitable for park-like landscapes of estates and landscape cemeteries of formal schemes. Fiske was also noted for his hammered copper weather vanes, produced in Williamsburgh, Brooklyn.
Fiske's great rival in the decorative cast iron field was Jordan L. Mott's J. L. Mott Iron Works of New York City.
Since the later twentieth-century, unmarked pieces of decorative cast-iron of appropriate date are commonly attributed to J. W. Fiske, to improve their market value.
# J. W. Gage

Jesse Witherspoon Gage (October 12, 1882 – January 18, 1953) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach Massachusetts Agricultural College—now the University of Massachusetts Amherst—in 1909. He compiled a 1–6–2 record that season.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Massachusetts Aggies (Independent) (1909) ||||||
| 1909 | Massachusetts | 1–6–2 |
| Massachusetts: | Massachusetts: | 1–6–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 1–6–2 |
# Quast

Quast is a surname of German and Dutch origin.

## Notable members

* Anne Quast (born 1937), American amateur golfer
* Brad Quast (born 1968), All-conference football player
* Ferdinand von Quast (1850–1939), Prussian military officer, participant in the Franco-Prussian War and a general in the First World War
* Jan Quast (born 1970), Boxer from Germany
* John Quast (1900–1966), American football end
* Matthijs Quast (died 1641), Dutch explorer
* Pieter Quast (1605-06–1647), Dutch Golden Age painter and draughtsman
* Philip Quast (born 1957), Australian actor and singer
# Queensland Pacific Airlines

Queensland Pacific Airlines was an Australian airline which commenced operations on 4 December 1988; the following year purchased Sungold Airlines and on 1 March 1991 ceased operations while the assets were acquired by Southern Pacific Regional Airlines.

## Destinations

It conducted services between the following centres: Brisbane, Bundaberg, Gladstone, Rockhampton, Mackay, Townsville, Blackwater, Thangool, Coolangatta and Newcastle.

## Fleet

It operated Nord Mohawk aircraft and Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirantes.
# Queensland Nurses and Midwives' Union

The Queensland Nurses and Midwives' Union, officially the Queensland Nurses and Midwives' Union of Employees, (QNMU) is a trade union that represents nurses and midwives in both the public and private sectors of Queensland, Australia.

## History

The union was formed on 8 November 1921 under the name of the Australasian Trained Nurses' Association (Queensland Branch) Union of Employees. Its current incarnation began in 1982 when the union broke away from the Royal Australian Nursing Federation, now known as the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF).
Before being known as the Queensland Nurses and Midwives' Union, the union went under the name of the Queensland Nurses' Union. This was changed in 2017.
Before this the union was known as the Royal Australian Nursing Federation, Queensland Branch, Union of Employees. This royal title was assumed, like other branches of the federation, in 1956 to mark the Queen's visit to Australia.
The QNMU is affiliated with the Queensland Council of Unions, and in the late 1980s signed a "harmonisation" agreement with the then ANF which recognised members of the then QNU as members of the Queensland Branch of the ANF.
In September 2010 the union announced the end of its affiliation with the Australian Labor Party.

## Notable people

* Ellen Barron, joint honorary secretary, 1922–1933.
* Florence Chatfield, presided over the founding meeting in 1904; joint honorary secretary, 1922-1933
# Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Crediton

50°47′31″N 3°39′58″W﻿ / ﻿50.7919°N 3.6661°W﻿ / 50.7919; -3.6661
The former Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Crediton, Devon, England was founded (as The Kyng's Newe Gramer Scole of Credyton) in 1547 by Edward VI and re-endowed and renamed in 1559 by Elizabeth I.

## History
### Foundation

In 1547 the grammar school was founded and endowed by Edward VI. In 1559 it was "further endowed by Queen Elizabeth, who by her charter vested the patronage in the twelve governors of the church, directing them to elect four boys, under the name of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar Scholars, to each of whom 40s. are annually given: there are three exhibitions, of £6. 13s 4d each, to either of the universities, tenable for five years. "
Teaching began in 1572 in the Lady Chapel of the parish church with 10 pupils
In 1861 it moved into new premises (at St Martins Lane).
In 1911 it absorbed Dunn's School.
It was noted in Hansard in 1952 as a maintained secondary school which provided boarding.

### Merger in 1966

In 1966 the boys grammar school (between St Martins Lane and Western Road) incorporated the Crediton High School For Girls (which had been founded in 1911 on the adjoining site to the west). To accommodate the merger, a new multistorey block was built (aligned north-south) on the slope between the former schools.

### Comprehensive

In 1973 it merged with The Shelley Secondary Modern school at Barnfield, Crediton. It now forms the Western Road campus (the upper school) of the Queen Elizabeth's School, which is (in 2016) a state run academy, with some boarding students. The lower and upper schools are split across two sites in Crediton.

## Notable former pupils

* John Griffith Bowen, novelist
* Henry Callaway, missionary
* Bill Giles, former BBC weatherman
* Sir Neville Simms, chief executive of Tarmac from 1992 to 1999
* Robert Orchard, BBC parliamentary correspondent. QES 1964–72
* Major Rupert Guy Turrall, Intelligence Corps recipient of MC and DSO in WWII, operations officer with the Chindits

## School records

Some of the school records were transferred to the Devon Record Office in 2006.
Copies of the 1547 and 1559 charters are held at the Devon Record Office (ref 2065M/SS6/4).
# Springdale Township, Redwood County, Minnesota

Springdale Township is one of the twenty-six townships of Redwood County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 215 at the 2000 census.
Springdale Township was organized in 1873, and named for the various springs and dales within its borders.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (92.9 km$^2$), of which 35.8 square miles (92.7 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.1 km$^2$) (0.14%) is water.
Part of the city of Walnut Grove is located in Springdale Township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 215 people, 77 households, and 64 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.0 people per square mile (2.3/km$^2$). There were 88 housing units at an average density of 2.5/sq mi (0.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.60% White and 1.40% Asian.
There were 77 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.9% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.6% were non-families. 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the township the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $38,958, and the median income for a family was $42,813. Males had a median income of $30,250 versus $15,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,001. None of the families and 0.5% of the population were living below the poverty line.
# Renate Holub

Renate Holub (born 6 October 1946) is a German political philosopher and critical social theorist living in California. She has published several books.

## Life

Holub was born in Ludwigshafen am Rhein. After studying in Paris, Madrid, London and Rome she received advanced degrees at the University of Wisconsin–Madison(USA). Her dissertation focused on the Italian enlightenment philosopher Giambattista Vico. She has also published a study of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, entitled Antonio Gramsci: Beyond Marxism and Postmodernism. (1992) Currently, she lives in the San Francisco area and is Professor and Director of the Interdisciplinary Studies department at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research has focused on "Intellectuals, Rights, and States" in a variety of global regions of both developed and developing economies.
# Ngozi Opara

Ngozi Opara (born 11 November 1971) is a Nigerian handball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Glottidia

Glottidia is a genus of brachiopods belonging to the family Lingulidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Glottidia albida (Hinds, 1844)
* Glottidia audebarti (Broderip, 1835)
* Glottidia bravardi Figueiras & Martinez, 1995
* Glottidia inexpectans Olsson, 1914
* Glottidia palmeri Dall, 1871
* Glottidia pyramidata (Stimpson, 1860)
* Glottidia semen (Broderip, 1835)
# Amatsukominato, Chiba

Amatsukominato (天津小湊町, Amatsukominato-chō) was a town located in Awa District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
Amatsukominato was formed on February 11, 1955, by the merger of the towns of Amatsu and Kominato.
On February 11, 2005, Amatsukominato was merged into the expanded city of Kamogawa, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.
In 2003 (the last data available before its merger into Kamogawa), the town had an estimated population of 7,294 and a density of 166 persons per km$^2$. Its total area was 43.95 km$^2$.
The town's economy was largely based on commercial fishing.
# Sphaerolobium acanthos

Sphaerolobium acanthos, commonly known as Grampians globe-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a restricted part of the Grampians National Park in Victoria. It is an erect, wiry shrub with many spiny branchlets, scattered tapering leaves, and yellow, orange or reddish-brown flowers.

## Description

Sphaerolobium acanthos is an erect, wiry shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.2–1 m (7.9 in – 3 ft 3.4 in) and has many widely-spreading, spiny branchlets up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long, often forked at the tip. Its leaves are 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long and tapered, falling off at maturity. The flowers are yellow, orange or reddish-brown and arranged singly or in pairs in leaf axils on a peduncle up to 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long. Each flower is on a pedicel about 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long with egg-shaped bracts and bracteoles. The sepals are 3.5–4.5 mm (0.14–0.18 in) long, joined to form a bell-shaped base, with overlapping lobes, the two upper lobes forming a wedge-shaped "lip". The standard petal is broadly elliptic, 7.0–7.5 mm (0.28–0.30 in) long, the wings and keel about the same length as each other. Flowering occurs from November to January and the fruit is an inflated, oval pod about 4.5 mm (0.18 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Sphaerolobium acanthos was first formally described in 1994 by Michael Crisp in the journal Muelleria from specimens collected from the Grampians National Park in 1977. The specific epithet (acanthos) means "a prickly plant".

## Distribution and habitat

Grampians globe-pea grows in forest, woodland and heath, usually near streams and is restricted to a small area in the Grampians National Park.

## Conservation status

Sphaerolobium acanthos is classified as "critically endangered" under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "vulnerable" under the Victorian Government Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The main threats to the species include grazing by herbivores and disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi.
# Renate Hjortland

Renate Hjortland is a Norwegian Paralympic skier. She represented Norway in para-alpine skiing at the 1992 Winter Paralympic Games in France, and 1994 Winter Paralympic Games in Norway. She won a total of four medals, including three silver medals and one bronze medal.

## Career

At the 1992 Winter Paralympics, in Tignes Albertville, Hjortland placed 3rd in the super-G LW3,4,9 with a time of 1: 20.93. In 1st place Reinhild Möller who finished the race in 1: 12.41 and in 2nd place Lana Spreeman in 1:19.63.
At the 1994 Winter Paralympics, in Lillehammer, Hjortland won three silver medals: in the giant slalom LW3 / 4 in 2:49.65 (gold for the German athlete Reinhild Möller in 2: 33.06 and bronze for the Canadian Lana Spreeman in 2: 59.73), downhill LW3 / 4 in 1:18.96 (1st place Reinhild Möller with a time of 1: 16.90 and 3rd place Lana Spreeman with 1: 18.99), and super-G LW3 / 4 in 1:16.08 (on the podium Reinhild Möller, in first position with a time of 1:12.05 and Lana Spreeman, third with 1: 19.15).
# Alma Canales

Alma Canales (born 1947) is an American organizer and activist best known for being the first and only Chicana, and the only Mexican-American, to run for lieutenant governor of Texas. In the 1970s, she actively participated in the Chicano movement as a member of the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) and as an organizer in the Raza Unida Party (RUP).

## Early life and education

Canales was born in Rosita, Texas, to migrant parents and raised in Edinburg, Texas. Her family claimed ties to the land long before the United States annexed Texas in 1845. All family members worked as migrant farm workers during the summers, and their work took them seasonally from West Texas to Michigan. From a young age, Canales witnessed discriminatory practices in West Texas toward migrant workers.
The itinerant life of her farm working family made it difficult to establish a track record in school. However, Canales persevered to graduate from Edinburg High School in 1965 and received a journalism scholarship from the Edinburg Daily Review to attend University of Texas Pan American.

## Career and activism

The journalism scholarship enabled Canales to work as a reporter with the Edinburg Daily Review. She also wrote for her college paper. In the role of reporter, Canales looked further into events concerning Mexican American migrant workers and discrimination. At the height of the Vietnam War, Canales reported on casualties among young Chicano men. She noted the irony of young Mexican American boys being sent to war to fight for freedom and American democracy while still experiencing discrimination in South Texas. Her reporting on the war led to her increased participation in the MAYO.
Canales wrote for the Castro County News for a short time before moving in 1969 to Wisconsin as part of the Colorado Migrant Council to establish childcare centers. She returned to Edinburg, Texas later that summer to continue projects for the Colorado Migrant Council.
She later enrolled in Colegio Jacinto Trevino in Mercedes, Texas during which time she traveled to Mexico City as a representative of the United States Department of Education. The university disbanded before Canales could finish her degree.
Drawing from her experiences in MAYO and at Colegio Jacinto Trevino, Canales directed her energy into the early formation of Partido Raza Unida. In 1972, Canales accepted the RUP nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Texas. She was the first Chicana to run for this statewide position. She garnered 88,000 votes running on a platform that challenged discrimination and poverty. Shortly following the election, Canales left the RUP over differences with the direction of the party and moved to Waco, Texas.
Canales continued her activism by participating in the League of Women Voters, Waco Peacemaker Alliance, and as deputy director of the League of United Latin American Citizens Waco Council 273.

## Legacy

Alma Canales made history for women and for Chicanas specifically. Although she lost the lieutenant governor's race, "many down-ballot Raza Unida Party candidates won, and they were often Chicanas."
# Yakkatol

Yakkatol (Russian and Tajik: Яккатол) is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Sabriston in the city of Istaravshan.
It is located along the M34 highway.
# Georges Pézières

Georges Pézières (2 May 1885, in La Boissière – 1 March 1941, in Perpignan) was a French politician.

## Life

The son of a primary school teacher, Pézières a professor of letters at the collège in Perpignan. He joined the SFIO in 1924 and the following year was elected a municipal counsellor for Perpignan. In 1928 he became the mayor's second assistance. He lost the 1929 election but even so became secretary to the SFIO federation for the Pyrénées-Orientales, a post he held until 1935 and which culminated in his appointment as section secretary for Perpignan in 1934.
In 1931 and 1937 he was elected a general counsellor for Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet. In March 1935 he was re-elected as a municipal counsellor then, in October that year, he was elected senator. In the 1930s he became the main collaborator of Jean Payra.
On 10 July 1940 he voted against granting full powers to Philippe Pétain. He died in 1941 and his funeral was the occasion Louis Noguères chose to come out publicly as an opponent of the Vichy regime.

## Sources

* "Georges Pézières", in Dictionnaire des parlementaires français (1889-1940), Jean Jolly (ed.), PUF, 1960
# Gorle, Lombardy

Gorle (Bergamasque: Górel) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Milan and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,506 and an area of 2.4 square kilometres (0.93 sq mi).
Gorle borders the following municipalities: Bergamo, Pedrengo, Ranica, Scanzorosciate, Seriate, Torre Boldone.
# 1963 Kuwaiti general election

General elections were held in Kuwait on 23 January 1963. A total of 205 candidates contested the 50 seats, with pro-government candidates emerging as the largest bloc. Voter turnout was 85.0%.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Pro-government candidates | | | 19 |
| | Independents | | | 16 |
| | Secular opposition | | | 8 |
| | Shi'ite candidates | | | 6 |
| | Sunni candidates | | | 1 |
| Total | Total | | | 50 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 14,355 | – | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 16,889 | 85.00 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||
# Dolji Ka Khera

Dolji Ka Khera is a village in Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan State in India.It comes under Chhapari Gram Panchayat in Kapasan block. Kapasan is nearest town to the Dolji Ka Khera village. Dolji Ka Khera village is founded by Dolat Singh Tanwar in around 17th century and his ancestor's was descended from Patan, Rajasthan of Torawati in 16th century.
# Tabon Island

Tabon Island may refer to:
* Tabon Island (Chile)
* Tabon Island (Philippines)
# Amatuku

Amatuku is an islet of Funafuti, Tuvalu on which the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute is located. Access to Amatuku is from Tengako, which is the peninsula at the north end of Fongafale islet.