OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frey Samsioe

Carl Axel Frey Samsioe (9 October 1890, Hörby, Malmöhus County – 20 March 1972) was a Swedish civil engineer, specializing in road construction and water-power engineering.
C. A. Frey Samsioe graduated in 1912 in engineering at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and in 1935 received his doctorate in engineering. He was employed at the Swedish construction company Vattenbyggnadsbyrån in 1912–1916 and 1919–1955, as well as at the Whangpoo Conservancy Board in Shanghai in 1917–1918. He was elected in 1931 as a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.
In 1924 in London, Samsioe presented a paper at the first World Power Conference. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1924 at Toronto.
# Nova Scotia Mine

The Nova Scotia Mine is an abandoned silver mine in Cobalt, Ontario, Canada, located on the east shore of Peterson Lake.
# Hosoya index

The Hosoya index, also known as the Z index, of a graph is the total number of matchings in it. The Hosoya index is always at least one, because the empty set of edges is counted as a matching for this purpose. Equivalently, the Hosoya index is the number of non-empty matchings plus one. The index is named after Haruo Hosoya. It is used as a topological index in chemical graph theory.
Complete graphs have the largest Hosoya index for any given number of vertices; their Hosoya indices are the telephone numbers.

## History

This graph invariant was introduced by Haruo Hosoya in 1971. It is often used in chemoinformatics for investigations of organic compounds.
In his article, "The Topological Index Z Before and After 1971," on the history of the notion and the associated inside stories, Hosoya writes that he introduced the Z index to report a good correlation of the boiling points of alkane isomers and their Z indices, basing on his unpublished 1957 work carried out while he was an undergraduate student at the University of Tokyo.

## Example

A linear alkane, for the purposes of the Hosoya index, may be represented as a path graph without any branching. A path with one vertex and no edges (corresponding to the methane molecule) has one (empty) matching, so its Hosoya index is one; a path with one edge (ethane) has two matchings (one with zero edges and one with one edges), so its Hosoya index is two. Propane (a length-two path) has three matchings: either of its edges, or the empty matching. n-butane (a length-three path) has five matchings, distinguishing it from isobutane which has four. More generally, a matching in a path with $k$ edges either forms a matching in the first $k-1$ edges, or it forms a matching in the first $k-2$ edges together with the final edge of the path. This case analysis shows that the Hosoya indices of linear alkanes obey the recurrence governing the Fibonacci numbers, and because they also have the same base case they must equal the Fibonacci numbers. The structure of the matchings in these graphs may be visualized using a Fibonacci cube.
The largest possible value of the Hosoya index, on a graph with $n$ vertices, is given by the complete graph $K_{n}$. The Hosoya indices for the complete graphs are the telephone numbers
These numbers can be expressed by a summation formula involving factorials, as $\sum _{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }{\frac {n!}{2^{k}\cdot k!\cdot \left(n-2k\right)!}}.$ Every graph that is not complete has a smaller Hosoya index than this upper bound.

## Algorithms

The Hosoya index is #P-complete to compute, even for planar graphs. However, it may be calculated by evaluating the matching polynomial m$_G$ at the argument 1. Based on this evaluation, the calculation of the Hosoya index is fixed-parameter tractable for graphs of bounded treewidth and polynomial (with an exponent that depends linearly on the width) for graphs of bounded clique-width. The Hosoya index can be efficiently approximated to any desired constant approximation ratio using a fully-polynomial randomized approximation scheme.
# Athletics at the 1987 Pan American Games – Men's long jump

The men's long jump event at the 1987 Pan American Games was held in Indianapolis, United States on 14 and 16 August.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Carl Lewis United States | Larry Myricks United States | Jaime Jefferson Cuba |

## Results
### Qualification

Qualifying distance: 7.75 metres
| Rank | Name | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Larry Myricks | United States | | 8.07 | | 8.07 | Q |
| 2 | Carl Lewis | United States | x | 8.06 | | 8.06 | Q |
| 3 | Jaime Jefferson | Cuba | | | | 7.90 | Q |
| 4 | Lester Benjamin | Antigua and Barbuda | | | | 7.73 | q |
| 5 | Olivier Cadier | Brazil | | | | 7.65 | q |
| 6 | Carlos Casar | Mexico | | | | 7.57w | q |
| 7 | Ian James | Canada | | | | 7.46w | q |
| 8 | Ray Quiñones | Puerto Rico | | | | 7.40 | q |
| 9 | Norbett Elliot | Bahamas | | | | 7.28 | q |
| 10 | Mark Mason | Guyana | | | | 7.11w | q |
| 11 | Fernando Valiente | Peru | | | | 7.01 | q |
| 12 | Ricardo Valiente | Peru | | | | 6.94 | q |
| 13 | Devon Hyde | Belize | 6.46 | 6.75 | x | 6.75 | |
| 14 | Mauricio Carranza | El Salvador | 6.37 | 6.11 | x | 6.37 | |
| 15 | Bruny Surin | Canada | x | 5.40 | x | 5.40 | |
| | Elmer Williams | Puerto Rico | x | – | – | NM | |
| | Fidel Solorzano | Ecuador | | | | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result | Notes |
| | Carl Lewis | United States | 6.89 | 8.75w | 8.53 | 8.75 | 8.68w | 8.68 | 8.75 | GR |
| | Larry Myricks | United States | 8.12 | x | 7.95 | 8.28 | 8.58w | 8.43 | 8.58w | |
| | Jaime Jefferson | Cuba | 8.11 | 8.16w | 8.40 | 8.48w | 8.31 | 8.51 | 8.51 | NR |
| 4 | Lester Benjamin | Antigua and Barbuda | x | 7.68 | x | x | 8.01w | x | 8.01w | |
| 5 | Carlos Casar | Mexico | 7.76w | 7.40 | 7.34 | x | x | 7.11 | 7.76w | |
| 6 | Olivier Cadier | Brazil | 7.34 | 7.46 | 6.90 | x | 7.54w | 7.41 | 7.54w | |
| 7 | Ian James | Canada | 7.45 | x | x | x | 7.52w | x | 7.52w | |
| 8 | Ray Quiñones | Puerto Rico | 7.30 | 7.35 | x | 7.32 | x | 7.46w | 7.46w | |
| 9 | Norbett Elliot | Bahamas | 7.35 | 7.20 | x | | | | 7.35 | |
| 10 | Fernando Valiente | Peru | 7.10 | x | 7.10 | | | | 7.10 | |
| 11 | Ricardo Valiente | Peru | x | 6.86 | 6.96 | | | | 6.96 | |
| | Mark Mason | Guyana | x | x | x | | | | NM | |
# German submarine U-2504

German submarine U-2504 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 20 May 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2504. She was launched on 18 July 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Horst Günther on 12 August 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2504 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-2504 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-2504 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at 0700 hrs, near Hamburg as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# John J. Eagan

John J. Eagan may refer to:
* John J. Eagan (politician), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Jersey
* John J. Eagan (industrialist), American industrialist and co-founder of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company
# Acholi Inn

Acholi Inn is a hotel in Gulu, the largest city in Northern Uganda.

## Location

The hotel is located in the heart of Gulu, at 6/4 Elizabeth Road, approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), north of the central business district of the town. The coordinates of Acholi Inn are:2°46'53.0"N, 32°17'52.0"E (Latitude:2.781389; Longitude:32.297778).

## History

The hotel was built during Uganda's colonial era and was commissioned by the British in 1936. At Independence in 1962, it was one of about a dozen hotels that constituted Uganda Hotels Limited, a government parastatal during the Obote I regime. In 1995, the hotel was privatized and has undergone refurbishment.

## Ownership

As of July 2014, Acholi Inn is privately owned, and detailed shareholding in the establishment is not publicly known.

## Amenities

Acholi Inn has 120 regular rooms, 12 VIP suites, a swimming pool, a health club, a gymnasium, a sauna, a steam bath, and a massage parlour. Its main conference room can accommodate up to 1,000 guests. It also has an Internet café, a restaurant, a cocktail bar, satellite television and air conditioning.
# Frithuwald of Bernicia

Frithuwald of Bernicia ruled, perhaps from 579 to 585. He was the sixth known ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia.
Little is known of Frithuwald's life and reign. The earliest authorities differ widely on the order and the regnal years of the kings between the death of Ida and the beginning of Æthelfrith's rule in 592/593. Placing the listed reigns in the order given, Frithuwald would have begun to reign in 579 and Historia Brittonum says he was on the throne for six years. However, Historia Brittonum also records that he ruled when Augustine of Canterbury's mission came to Kent (597).
# Nová Ves (Plzeň-South District)

Nová Ves is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Nová Ves lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Plzeň and 93 km (58 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Notable people

* Stanislav Sventek (1930–2000), ice hockey player
# Edward Davson

Sir Edward Rae Davson, 1st Baronet, KCMG (14 February 1875 – 6 August 1937) was a British businessman who was influential in colonial economics. He was the managing director of Messrs. S. Davson & Co., Ltd., a prominent West Indies merchant firm.

## Early life and education

Davson was born in British Guyana, the second of four sons of Sir Henry Katz Davson, also born in Guyana, and Ann Helen Miller, of Kinnoull, Perthshire. His father was a London-based Guyana sugar merchant who operated Henry Davson & Sons. The Davson family fled Courland after refusing to take an oath of allegiance to the tsar in 1795; Davson's grandfather, Simon Davson, settled in Guyana.
Davson was educated at Eton.

## Career

In addition to his own business, S. Davson & Co., Davson was active in numerous trade organisations, conferences, and committees.
Davson was chairman of the British Empire Producers' Organisation and President of the Federation of Chambers of Commerce of the British Empire, and the founder and first president of the Associated West Indian Chambers of Commerce.
In 1929, he founded the West Indies Conference, also serving as the first president. He was a member of the Empire Marketing Board from 1926 to 1933.
In 1932, he was the British government adviser on colonial trade to the Ottawa Conference. In addition. He represented the Colonies and Protectorates on the Imperial Economic Committee and was a member of the Colonial Development Committee. He was a governor of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, vice-chairman of the board and member of the London Committee of Barclays Bank, and a trustee of the Imperial Institute.
Davson was knighted by King George V in 1919 and created a baronet, of Berbice in the Colony of British Guiana, on 21 January 1927 in the 1927 New Year Honours. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1934 Birthday Honours, for services in connection with the economic problems of the Colonies.

## Personal life

In 1921, Davson married Margot Elinor Glyn OBE, the daughter of Clayton Louis Glyn and the novelist Elinor Glyn, and had two sons, Geoffrey and Christopher, who succeeded him as the second and third baronets, respectively.
He died at his home in Eaton Place, Westminster.
# Squatting attack

Squatting attack, in computer science, is a kind of DoS attack where a program interferes with another program through the use of shared synchronization objects in an unwanted or unexpected way.
That attack is known in the Microsoft Windows operating system, which offers named objects as an interprocess synchronization mechanism. With named objects, a process may open a synchronization object as a shared resource by just specifying a name. Subsequent processes may use the same name to open that resource and have a way to synchronize with the first process. The squatting attack is possible because, if the legitimate program does not enforce tight security rules for the resources, processes from arbitrary security contexts may gain access to them and ultimately take control of the system.
Consider, for example, antivirus software installed on a Microsoft Windows machine. The solution has two pieces: a service, which monitors and scans every file when it is opened, and a manual scanner, which scans the file system when a user requests it. Under normal conditions the service should scan the system occasionally. However, if a user requests a manual scan, the service must stop temporarily to let the manual scanner work, otherwise every file would be scanned twice: by the manual scanner and by the service. To solve this problem the vendor chooses to implement an event based synchronization mechanism, where the service keeps a named event opened and checks it whenever a file is opened. If the event is unset the file is scanned, otherwise it is ignored. The manual scanner, then, to operate, opens the named event, sets it before scanning (disabling the service), scans the file system and resets the event back when finished. This design is prone to a squatting attack because a malicious program can set the named event and disable the service completely.
# Sychnovalva chreostes

Sychnovalva chreostes is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Paraná, Brazil.
# Janesville Shale

The Janesville Shale or Janesville Formation is a geologic formation in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska dating to the late Carboniferous period.
# John J. Egan

John Joseph Egan (May 18, 1878 – February 1, 1949) was an American college football player and coach and physician. He served as the co-head football coach at Villanova College—now known as Villanova University—in 1900 with John Powers. Together they compiled a record of 5–2–2 in one season. Egan then coached Villanova the following year alone and compiled a 2–3 record, making his overall head coaching record 7–5–2. Later, he also served as athletic director at the University of Maryland.
Egan was a doctor by profession and practiced as a surgeon in his hometown of Waterbury, Connecticut for 38 years. He served as a major in the Medical Corps of the United States Army during World War II and was also a chief rating specialist at two Veterans' Administration offices in Connecticut. Egan died at a Connecticut veterans' hospital in 1949 after a long illness.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Villanova Wildcats (Independent) (1900–1901) ||||||
| 1900 | Villanova | 5–2–2 |
| 1901 | Villanova | 2–3 |
| Villanova: | Villanova: | 7–5–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 7–5–2 |
# Addoraca

Addoraca is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Calabria region of southern Italy where it is blended with Coda di Volpe bianca, Malvasia bianca di Candia and Muscat blanc à Petits Grains in the passito dessert wine Moscato di Saracena.

## History

Ampelographers believe that Addoraca likely originated in the Calabria region where the name Addoraca means "perfumed" in the local Calabrian dialect. The grape has a long history of being a minor blending component in the Moscato di Saracena dessert wine that is a specialty of the village of Saracena.

## Wine regions

Today Addoraca is almost exclusively found in the province of Cosenza in Calabria where it is most notably used in the production of the straw wine Moscato di Saracena where it is blended with Muscat blanc à Petits Grains (known locally as Moscatello di Saracena), Coda di Volpe bianca (known locally as Guarnaccia bianca) and Malvasia bianca di Candia.

## Synonyms

Over the years, Addoraca has also been known under the synonym Odoacra, though this synonym is not officially recognized by the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC).
# Steph Cha

Steph Cha (born 1986) is a Korean American novelist and fiction writer, who has released three novels in the crime fiction genre about her detective protagonist Juniper Song: Follow Her Home (2013), Beware Beware (2014), and Dead Soon Enough (2015). Her most recent book, stand-alone crime fiction novel Your House Will Pay (2019), won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Mystery.

## Background

Cha was born in Van Nuys, California in 1986. She subsequently grew up in Encino, California with her mother, father and two younger brothers. She attended Harvard-Westlake School in Studio City. Cha graduated from Stanford University, where she studied English and East Asian Studies, and also completed a Juris Doctor degree from Yale Law School.

## Work
### Novels

In 2013, Cha published her first Juniper Song mystery, Follow Her Home (2013) with Minotaur Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press and Macmillan Publishers. The book has received positive reviews from the Los Angeles Times, Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, Library Journal, Hyphen, KoreAm Journal, and other publications. The sequel Beware Beware (2014) was published the following year in 2014, also by Minotaur Books. The third novel in the series, Dead Soon Enough was published by Minotaur Books in 2015.

### Other Writing

Cha also has published freelance book reviews and food writing for the Los Angeles Times (serving as a restaurant scout and a protégé of sorts for LA Times' Pulitzer Prize winning food critic Jonathan Gold), humor pieces for Trop Magazine and a short story entitled "Treasures in Heaven" in the Winter 2013 Fiction Issue of the Los Angeles Review of Books.
Cha has also written more than 2,400 reviews on Yelp, according to a Los Angeles Times interview, and has held the "Elite" reviewer title for more than six years in a row, according to an interview with The Rumpus.
# Tip Off

Tip Off is a basketball game released for the Amiga and Atari. It was developed in 1991 by Anco Software
A Game Boy version was developed by Enigma Variations and published by Imagineer in Europe. An unreleased NES version was also in development.
# Hoppel poppel

Hoppel poppel is an egg casserole made with leftovers, a dish associated with frugal housewives.
Found in German and Austrian cuisine, the casserole dish is also associated with the Midwestern United States. The basic recipe for the casserole is home fries (fried potatoes), scrambled eggs, and onion. Sometimes it is topped with melted cheese. Other ingredients like green pepper or mushrooms can be added to the basic combination, and a variety of meats can be used including bacon, ham and salami.

## Description

The basic form of the dish was just potatoes, onions, meat and scrambled eggs, but more elaborate variations could be devised with green peppers, melted cheese and mushrooms. The meat could be ham, bacon, sausage, or even all-beef salami. Hoppel poppel was served at Jewish delicatessens (despite not strictly adhering to kosher dietary regulations) and these establishments made the dish with all-beef salami.

## Preparation
### With bacon

To make Hoppel Popel the first step was to cook the meat in a skillet, then set the cooked meat aside and add the onions to cook in the drippings. The onions were removed from the pan once they took on a golden color, and butter was added to the remaining drippings, then the potatoes were seasoned with salt and pepper and when they were browned the meat and onions were returned to the pan and the eggs added until the eggs set.

### With beef salami

Another way of making hoppel poppel without pork begins by parboiling the potatoes, then slicing them and frying in vegetable oil. Butter is added with onions, mushrooms, green peppers and beef salami. The eggs and whisked with milk and parsley and gently scrambled in the skillet. When the eggs have started to set the cheese topping can be added, and the dish cooked covered for a few more minutes until the cheese has melted and the eggs are fully cooked.

### With boiled beef

Hoppel poppel could also be made with boiled beef to use up leftovers. This version of the dish begins by cooking the boiled beef and onion in butter, with bacon. When the bacon is cooked whisked eggs are added and cooked like an omelette.

### With ham

For a hoppel poppel with ham, cubed potatoes and onions were pan-fried in butter until the potatoes were browned, then ham was added to the skillet. Eggs were whisked with cognac, salt and pepper, and Worcestershire sauce and poured into the skillet, cooked gently as an omelette, with fresh parsley. When the omelette is set it was topped with grated cheese and finished in the broiler.