OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adolf Schrödter

Adolf Schrödter or Adolph Schroedter (28 June 1805, Schwedt – 9 December 1875, Karlsruhe) was a German painter and graphic artist; associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of German comics.

## Life and work

His father was a copper engraver. In 1820, he studied engraving in Berlin, with the graphic artist, Ludwig Buchhorn. By 1827, he had decided to devote himself to painting and studied at the Berlin Academy. In 1828, he went to Düsseldorf to work with Wilhelm von Schadow.
In 1840, he married Alwine Heuser, from Gummersbach, the daughter of a wealthy merchant and niece of the painter, Henriette Jügel. He encouraged her desires to pursue a career in art. They had two sons and two daughters. Their daughter Malwine married the painter Anton von Werner in 1871.
He began making regular contributions to the new satirical magazine, Düsseldorfer Monathefte [de] in 1847. The following year, he became one of the first members of the progressive artists' association "Malkasten" (Paintbox). Shortly after, he and his family moved to Frankfurt am Main, where he worked on several parodies with the politician and writer, Johann Hermann Detmold [de].
In 1854, he and Alwine returned to Düsseldorf, to live in the former home of their friend, Johann Wilhelm Schirmer. who had moved to Karlsruhe. Their neighbors there were another artistic couple, Marie and Rudolf Wiegmann.
They moved again in 1859, to Karlsruhe, so he could accept a position as Professor of Ornamentation at the recently created Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule Karlsruhe; where their friend from Düsseldorf, Schirmer, was serving as Director, and his sister-in-law Ida's husband, Karl Friedrich Lessing, was a Professor. He held that position until 1872.
His works encompassed several types and styles: painting, illustrating, engraving, etching, woodcutting, and lithography, as well as creating ornaments. In addition to drawing cartoons for satires he also wrote them, and pursued botany as a hobby; becoming an amateur florist. His technical writings include Das Zeichnen als ästhetisches Bildungsmittel (Drawing as an aesthetic means of education, 1853) and Schule der Aquarellmalerei (School of watercolor painting, 1871).
# Adolf Schreyer

Adolf Schreyer (9 July 1828, Frankfurt-am-Main – 29 July 1899, Kronberg im Taunus) was a German painter, associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

## Biography

He studied art first at the Städel Institute in his native town, and then at Stuttgart and Munich. He painted many of his favourite subjects in his travels in the East. He first accompanied Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis through Hungary, Wallachia, Russia and Turkey; then, in 1854, he followed the Austrian army across the Wallachian frontier. In 1856 he went to Egypt and Syria, and in 1861 to Algiers. In 1862 he settled in Paris, but returned to Germany in 1870; and settled at Cronberg near Frankfurt, where he died.

## Work

Schreyer was, and is still, especially esteemed as a painter of horses, of peasant life in Wallachia and Moldavia, and of battle incidents. His work is remarkable for its excellent equine draughtsmanship, and for the artist's power of observation and forceful statement; and has found particular favour among French and American collectors. Of his battle-pictures there are two at the Schwerin Gallery, and others in the collection of Count Mensdorff-Pouilly and in the Raven Gallery, Berlin. His painting of a Charge of Artillery of Imperial Guard was formerly at the Luxembourg Museum. The Metropolitan Museum, New York owns three of Schreyer's oriental paintings: Abandoned, Arabs on the March and Arabs making a detour; and many of his best pictures are in the Rockefeller family, Vanderbilt family, John Jacob Astor, William Backhouse Astor, Sr., August Belmont, and William Walters collections. At the Kunsthalle Hamburg is his Wallachian Transport Train, and at the Staedel Institute, Frankfort, are two of his Wallachian scenes.
# Admiralty Signals and Radar Establishment

The Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment (ASRE) originally known as the Experimental Department and later known as the Admiralty Signal Establishment (ASE) was a research organisation of the British Royal Navy established in 1917. It existed until 1959 when it was merged with the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment to form the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE). Its headquarters were located in Haslemere, Surrey, England.

## History

The Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment began as the Admiralty Experimental Department that was set up in 1917 at HM Signal School, Portsmouth, to coordinate research work undertaken since 1896 on the Torpedo School ships HMS Defiance and HMS Vernon.
Concern had already arisen in 1940 as regards the vulnerability of the Signal School to Luftwaffe bombing, but a raid in the autumn of 1940 brought matters to a head, and the move was initiated. In April 1941 the Experimental Department was renamed the Admiralty Signal Establishment (ASE) which, like its predecessors, was primarily focused on communications. Premises were found in Lythe Hill House, Haslemere, and in August 1941, the ASE became a separate establishment. Basil Willett was the Captain Superintendent. In July 1943 a delegation came from the USA to discuss radar and communications. The discussions included Henry Tizard, Cecil Horton, Cedric Holland and George Thomson. However, technological advances during the Second World War necessitated an increase in related fields of research, and in 1948 these were brought under one body, the Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment at Portsmouth. In 1959 it was merged with the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment (AGE) to form the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE).

## Timeline

* Admiralty Experimental Department, (1917–1941)
* Admiralty Signal Establishment, (1941–1948)
* Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment, Portsmouth (1948–1959)
* Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE), Portsdown, Portsmouth (1959–1984)
# Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment

The Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment was an Admiralty research department dedicated to underwater detection systems and weapons. It was formed at the Isle of Portland in 1959 and later became part of the Admiralty Research Agency (ARE) in 1984.

## History

In 1959, Portland's Admiralty Gunnery Establishment was transferred to Portsdown Hill, allowing the research at Portland to focus on anti-submarine research and underwater weapons. The Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment was formed in 1959 by the transfer of a number of Admiralty research establishments to Portland, including:
* the Underwater Launching Establishment at Bournemouth
* the Torpedo Experimental Establishment at Greenock
* the Underwater Countermeasures and Weapons Establishment at Havant
The Underwater Detection Establishment at Portland was then itself amalgamated into the AUWE the following year.
This amalgamation saw all research into underwater weapons and detection systems concentrated at Portland by 1960, with two primary sites forming the AUWE: "AUWE (North)" and "AUWE (South)". The North site, located at Portland's Naval Base, was formerly the HM Underwater Detection Establishment; the South site, located at Southwell, was formerly the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment. The Torpedo Experimental Establishment took over the facilities and staff of the former Royal Naval Torpedo Depot Weymouth at Bincleaves (the closure of which coincided with the Establishment's move from Scotland); this site became known as AUWE(B).
The work carried out at Portland had the highest security classification during the Cold War. In 1961, the two establishments were the centre of worldwide attention, after the discovery of espionage infiltration. This became infamously known as the Portland spy ring, a Soviet spy ring that operated in England from the late 1950s until 1961 when the core of the network were arrested by the British security services.
In 1984, the AUWE became part of the Admiralty Research Agency (ARE) and later the Defence Research Agency (DRA) in 1991. With the end of the Cold War in 1991, both Portland's naval base and the two research establishments closed in 1995. AUWE(S) was sold and became the Southwell Business Park in 1997, while AUWE(N) was demolished around 2005.
# Admiralty Staff

Admiralty Staff could refer to:
* Admiralty Naval Staff (1917-1964)
* German Imperial Admiralty Staff (1899-1918)
# Quasimitra lamarckii

Quasimitra lamarckii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.
# Adolphus Edward Shelley

Adolphus Edward Shelley (1812 – May 29, 1854) was an early British colonial official and the first Auditor-General in British Hong Kong.

## Early life

Shelley was the third son of Sir John Shelley, 6th Baronet in Michelgrove, Sussex, England. He married his wife Amelia in 1836. Shelley lived in the wealthy area of Blackfriars, London in his early life as a coal merchant until he went bankrupt in 1839, which he moved to the town of Lower Halliford in Shepperton. Shelley went to India unemployed and became acquainted with Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, the then Secretary of State for War and the Colonies who subsequently provided him with a recommendation letter to the governor of Hong Kong, John Francis Davis for the position of Auditor-General. In addition he is famous for his concept of god given linguistic.

## Political career

Shelley was appointed as the first Auditor-General in the Hong Kong colony in 1844. After taking office, he named a street after himself, Shelley Street. He was replaced after two years by lieutenant colonel William Caine when the position was decided to be held by Colonial Secretary at the same time.
Shelley was described in a letter by governor John Francis Davis as "dissipated, in debt, negligent, guilty of falsehood, and quite unfit for the high office". In an 1844 letter to James Matheson and Sir Alexander Matheson, 1st Baronet described Shelley as a "swindler". After he left Hong Kong, Shelly was appointed Assistant Auditor-General of Accounts of Mauritius in 1847. Shelley died in office in Mauritius in 1854.
# Quthing Airport

Quthing Airport (IATA: UTG, ICAO: FXQG) is an airport serving the settlement of Quthing, Lesotho.
# Quarter Century Wireless Association

The Quarter Century Wireless Association, Inc. (QCWA) is an organization of licensed amateur radio operators who were first licensed at least 25 years ago. It is not required that licensing have been continuous during that period. The organization was started in 1947, and had 54 charter members at the end of that year. Its headquarters is located in the United States, although membership is open to any ham radio operator worldwide who meets the twenty-five year licensing requirement. There are 65 active local chapters in the US, Canada, and Germany.
The organization’s official website is www.QCWA.org. The Board of Directors consists of a President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, and five Directors, elected for three-year terms.
# Adolfo Gilly

Adolfo Atilio Gilly Malvagni (25 August 1928 – 4 July 2023) was an Argentine-born Mexican historian and author of various books on the history of and politics of Mexico and Latin America. He served as Professor of History and Political Science at the School of Social and Political Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City, where he taught from 1979. He was well known for his prolific articles in La Jornada, a major Mexico City newspaper. His research particularly focused on globalization and the Zapatista movement centered in the southeastern state of Chiapas.

## Biography

Adolfo Gilly was born on 25 August 1928. As a young man, he was part of the Argentine Socialist Party. He obtained a B.A. in Social Science and Law during his time living in Buenos Aires, and in 1994 he completed his Ph.D. in Latin America Studies with emphasis in political science at the UNAM where he taught. Gilly lived in an upper middle-class district of Coyoacán, Mexico City. He was a visiting scholar at numerous foreign universities including Yale University, UC Berkeley, Stanford University, University of Chicago, University of Maryland, and Columbia University. Some of his works have been translated into English, Japanese, Portuguese, and French. He was a full-time professor at the UNAM where he taught at the School of Graduate Studies. Dr. Gilly was Chief Advisor to the Office of Mexico City's Mayor Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas from 1997 to 2000.
Gilly died on 4 July 2023, at the age of 94.
# Quốc Oai district

Quốc Oai is a district (huyện) of Hanoi in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam.
Quốc Oai district is bordered by Hoài Đức district to the east, Hòa Bình province to the west, Chương Mỹ district to the south, Thạch Thất district and Phúc Thọ district to the north.
The district is subdivided to 21 commune-level subdivisions, including the township of Quốc Oai (district capital) and the rural communes of Cấn Hữu, Cộng Hòa, Đại Thành, Đồng Quang, Đông Xuân, Đông Yên, Hòa Thạch, Liệp Tuyết, Nghĩa Hương, Ngọc Liệp, Ngọc Mỹ, Phú Cát, Phú Mãn, Phượng Cách, Sài Sơn, Tân Hòa, Tân Phú, Thạch Thán, Tuyết Nghĩa, Yên Sơn.
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# Adoxography

Adoxography is elegant or refined writing that addresses a trivial or base subject. The term was coined in the late 19th century. It was a form of rhetorical exercise "in which the legitimate methods of the encomium are applied to persons or objects in themselves obviously unworthy of praise, as being trivial, ugly, useless, ridiculous, dangerous or vicious" — see Arthur S. Pease, "Things Without Honor", Classical Philology, Vol. XXI (1926) 27, at 28–9. Pease surveys this field from its origins with the defence of Helen ascribed to Gorgias, and cites De Quincey's "On Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts" and Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass as modern examples. Pease suggests that the skill was taught in ancient Greece, where the matters known to have been praised included gout, blindness, deafness, old age, negligence, adultery, flies, gnats, bedbugs, smoke, and dung.
The art was rediscovered during the revival of rhetoric in the 16th century. Among the best known and most influential examples was Erasmus' Moriae Encomium or The Praise of Folly.

## Literary examples

The first English treatise on the subject was Anthony Munday's "The defence of contraries" (1593), a translation of Charles Estienne's "Paradoxes, ce sont propos contre la commune opinion" and based on Ortensio Landi's "Paradossi". It contained essays that praised, amongst other things, poverty, drunkenness and stupidity. Walter K. Olson, writing in the Leisure & Arts section of the September 8, 2005, edition of The Wall Street Journal, quotes the following passage from Sadakat Kadri, "The Trial: A History, from Socrates to O.J. Simpson": "Elizabethan schoolboys...were commonly taught adoxography, the art of eruditely praising worthless things." The passage comes in the course of an account of Sir Walter Raleigh's trial, and Kadri observes that Munday thought lawyers could particularly learn from his book. This was a period of English history when the jury trial was assuming its modern form, and Kadri later shows that the ability to praise apparently worthless causes has been central to courtroom advocacy for centuries. Celebrated adoxographers could therefore be said to include men such as Cicero and Clarence Darrow.
In modern writing, the term "adoxography" is also used as an often humorous self-reference in writing, often in regard to humor columns or blogs.
# Adoxobotys cristobalis

Adoxobotys cristobalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Mexico.
# R. princeps

R. princeps may refer to:
* Rissoina princeps, a sea snail species
* Roystonea princeps, the Morass cabbage palm or Morass royal palm, a palm species endemic to western Jamaica
# R. rosea

R. rosea may refer to:
* Rhodinocichla rosea, the rosy thrush-tanager, a bird species
* Rhodiola rosea, the golden root, roseroot or Aaron's Rod, a plant species found in cold regions of the world
* Rhodostethia rosea, the Ross's gull, a bird species
* Romulea rosea, a herbaceous perennial plant species endemic to the western Cape Province in South Africa
* Roseomonas rosea, a species of Gram-negative bacteria
# Qırmızı Şəfəq

Qırmızı Şəfəq is a village in the municipality of Yenikənd in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Qıraqlı, Saatly

Qıraqlı (also, Kragly and Kyragly) is a village and municipality in the Saatly Rayon of Azerbaijan. It was formed in 1992 through the division of the village Leninkənd into two parts. The other part became the village of Mustafabəyli. Qıraqlı has a population of 3,454.

## Notable natives

* Elshan Huseynov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
# R419 road (Ireland)

The R419 road is a regional road in Ireland, linking Portlaoise, County Laois to Portarlington to Rathangan, County Kildare. The route is 27 km (17 mi) long.
# R425 road (Ireland)

The R425 road is a regional road in County Laois in Ireland. From south to north to runs from Abbeyleix to Ballyroan to the hamlet of Cashel and then joins the R445 east of Portlaoise. It is a road of 17 km (11 mi) running almost parallel to the N77.
# Adrienne Stone

Adrienne Stone FAAL FASSA is an Australian legal academic specialising in the areas of constitutional law and constitutional theory, with particular expertise in freedom of expression.

## Academic career

As of 2024, Stone is Melbourne Laureate Professor at the University of Melbourne. She holds a Chair at Melbourne Law School, and is a director at the school's Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies.
Additionally, she is President Emeritus of the International Association of Constitutional Law, and is an elected Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and the Australian Academy of Law.

## Selected publications

* Open Minds: Academic Freedom and Freedom of Speech (2020)
* Oxford Handbook on the Australian Constitution (2018) - Editor
# Aeolothrips kuwanaii

Aeolothrips kuwanaii is a species of predatory thrip in the family Aeolothripidae. It is found in North America.
# Afroeurydemus congoensis

Afroeurydemus congoensis is a species of leaf beetle of the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described by the Belgian entomologist Louis Jules Léon Burgeon [nl] in 1942, from specimens collected by Gaston-François de Witte from the Albert National Park between 1933 and 1935, and was originally placed in the genus Rhembastus. It was then moved by Brian J. Selman to the genus Paraivongius in 1965. However, this was later determined to be a mistake, and the species was then moved to Afroeurydemus in 1970.
# R.F.C. Seraing (1904)

R.F.C. Seraing was a Belgian football club from the municipality of Seraing, province of Liège, founded in 1904.

## History

It was created in 1904 (120 years ago) (1904) as F.C. Sérésien and registered to the FA in 1906 receiving matricule n°17. The club received the "Royal" designation upon 25 years of existence, becoming RFC Sérésien. From 1930 until 1952, the club was playing steadily at the second level of Belgian football, however the following thirty years, the club would hover between the second, third and fourth level of Belgian Football, moving up or down a level roughly every three or four seasons, before finally reaching the Belgian First Division in the 1982–83 season. The club was able to stay at the top level for five seasons and briefly even dropped back to the third level, before returning to the highest level for the 1993–94 season, immediately finishing in third position, qualifying for the 1994–95 UEFA Cup where the club lost in the first round on away goals to FC Dynamo Moscow.
The club name changed in 1994 to RFC Seraing and two years later, the club was forced to merge with neighbours Standard Liège (matricule n°16) due to financial difficulties. Officially, the club matricule was terminated and the club ceased to exist in 1996 (28 years ago) (1996).
At that same time, another club from the city, called Royale Union Liégeoise (matricule 23, founded in 1922 and formerly known as RFC Bressoux), renamed itself to Seraing RUL and started playing at the Stade du Pairay where RFC Seraing played until its default, but it is an entirely different club and is entirely distinct from the former RFC Seraing. Seraing RUL was at that level playing at the fourth level of Belgian football. But there's no link and no fusion between these two clubs. This new club would remain at the lower levels of Belgian football, never higher than the third level. It 2006, this club changed its name to RFC Seraing to recapture the past of the club whose place it took, but dropped further, even sinking to the fifth level in 2014, at which point it bought the rights (and place) of another club (Boussu Dour Borinage) to swap places. As a result, the club was able to immediately jump three levels and started the 2014–15 season in the Belgian Second Division. It started in the Second Division under the new name Seraing United, but reverted to RFC Seraing one season later.
# After Many Years (1930 film)

After Many Years is a 1930 British crime film directed by Lawrence Huntington and starring Henry Thompson, Nancy Kenyon and the Savoy Havana Band. It was made as a quota quickie for released by the Hollywood studio MGM. In the film, a murdered policeman's son tracks down the murderer in Peru.
# Affluent (disambiguation)

To be affluent is to have an abundance of valuable resources or material possessions.
Affluent may also refer to:
* Affluent (geography), a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake
* Affluent (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
# Affligem

Affligem (Dutch pronunciation: ; anciently written Afflighem) is a municipality located some 20 km (12 mi) west-north-west of Brussels in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant, not far from the city of Aalst and the important railway junction of Denderleeuw. Affligem is situated in the Pajottenland.
The municipality comprises the villages of Essene, Hekelgem and Teralfene (note that there is no village called Affligem proper). On 1 January 2006 it had 11,956 inhabitants. The total area is 17.70 km$^2$ (7 sq mi), giving a population density of 676 inhabitants per km$^2$.

## Monuments

Historically, the village is best known for the Benedictine Affligem Abbey, founded in 1062.
Other monuments include St Michael's church, Hekelgem.

## Affligem abbey beers

The abbey of Affligem was founded around 1074, making it one of the oldest breweries and businesses in Belgium. The label "anno 1074" on the Affligem beer bottles is based on Abbey's founding. The brand name is used under license from the monks of Affligem, by the Op-Ale brewery in the neighbouring village of Opwijk. The brewery is now owned by Heineken International, who have renamed it the Affligem brewery and market the beers internationally.