OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Río Blanco, Naguabo, Puerto Rico

Río Blanco is a barrio in the municipality of Naguabo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,412.

## History

Río Blanco was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Río Blanco Abajo barrio was 976 and Río Blanco Arriba barrio was 959.

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Río Blanco barrio:
Finca San Eladio, Parcelas Río Blanco, Parcelas Sector Común, Sector Camino Viejo, Sector Común, Sector Cubuy, Sector El Fuego, Sector El Puente, Sector Florida, Sector La Cuchilla, Sector La Joba, Sector La Mina, Sector Río Blanco Arriba, Urbanización Río Blanco Heights, and Urbanización Vistas de Río Blanco.
# Sparsomycin

Sparsomycin is a compound, initially discovered as a metabolite of the bacterium Streptomyces sparsogenes, which binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis through peptidyl transferase inhibition. As it binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, it induces translocation on the 30S subunit. It is a nucleotide analogue. It was also formerly thought to be a possible anti-tumor agent, but interest in this drug was later discarded after it was discovered that it resulted in retinopathy and as a tool to study protein synthesis; it is not specific for bacterial ribosomes and so not usable as an antibiotic.
The compound was discovered in 1962 and the structure was determined in 1970; a first total synthesis was reported in 1981.
A derivative of this compound is phenol-alanine-sparsomycin, and is believed to be a more effective anti-tumor agent than sparsomycin itself.

## Biosynthesis

Although the structure of sparsomycin was published in 1970, no biosynthetic pathway for its formation was proposed in the literature up until 1988. Ronald J. Parry et al. have investigated biosynthetical precursors for the unusual monooxo-dithioacetal group. By administering the radioactively labeled L-methionine to S. sparsogenes, they figured out that it was the most probable precursor for C-4' and C-5' atoms of the sparsomycin. However, when administering labeled cysteine, they found that C-4' did not contain any $^{13}$C while C-3' still did. This finding led them to an assumption that an enzyme called serine transhydroxymethylase could be responsible for the observation by conversion of the cysteine to serine residue. However, this assumption was not confirmed, as administration of $^{13}$C-serine did not produce any labeled sparsomycin. In this study the authors have finally concluded that S-methyl-D-cysteine should be the precursor for this part of the molecule. In this paper they have also proposed a L-tryptophan as a source of the uracil-containing part of the molecule.
Study of the biosynthesis of the sparsomycin in a greater detail has revealed that L-cysteine and S-methyl group of methionine are real precursors for the monooxo-dithioacetal group. These studies have also confirmed the L-tryptophan being a predecessor of the uracil moiety of the sparsomycin. However, it still remained unclear whether the transformation proceeds through the kynureine pathway or not. The next paper published by the same research group has shown that this pathway is not responsible for the transformations of L-tryphophan in the biosynthesis of sparsomycin. In this paper the authors have also confirmed (E)-3-(4-oxo-6-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)acrylic acid (PCA) and (E)3-(2,4-dioxo-6-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)acrylic acid (UCA) being intermediates in the studied biosynthetic pathway. Several years later an enzyme, which catalyzes transformation of PCA to UCA was found.
# Svinica

Svinica may refer to:
* Svinica, Croatia, a village in Croatia
* Svinica, Košice-okolie District, a village and municipality in Slovakia
* Świnica, a mountain on Polish-Slovak border
# James Page Mackey

James Page Mackey (May 27, 1913 – February 27, 2009) was chief of the Metropolitan Toronto Police from 1958 to 1970 and the longest-serving Toronto police chief since the creation of the amalgamated police force in 1957.
Mackey graduated from high school in Scarborough, Ontario and thought of becoming a chemist or builder but, with work difficult to find during the Great Depression he found employment as a milkman when Toronto police sergeant Michael Byrt said to the young Mackey, "Lad, why don't you join the force? It's a good job and good jobs are hard to find these days."
Mackey joined the original Toronto Police Department in 1936, "Jim was the 20th of 20 men taken on," his wife, Anne, later recalled. "We were very happy."
He went on a leave of absence during World War II to serve in the Royal Canadian Air Force and returned to the department after the war. He walked the beat, then became a detective and rose to the rank of junior inspector when, in 1958, he skipped two ranks to be appointed to be chief of police of the newly created Metropolitan Toronto Police following the suicide of Chief John Chisholm. The newly expanded department of 2,300 officers and civilians had been created the year before due to the amalgamation of the original Toronto Police Department with twelve suburban police departments.
In the 1960s, he was successful in stopping mobsters from Buffalo, New York from establishing a foothold in Toronto.
He served as chief for 12 years before retiring in 1970. He was then Chairman of the Liquor Licensing Board of Ontario until 1975. His autobiography, I Policed Toronto, was published in 1985.
Mackey retired to Bracebridge, Ontario where he died at the age of 95.
# Johannes Postmus

Johannes Postmus (1877 – 1947) was the second Governor of the South African Reserve Bank. His term of office was from 1 January 1932 until 30 June 1945. He was succeeded by Michiel Hendrik de Kock.
# Greenwood Farm

Greenwood Farm may refer to:
* Greenwood Farm (Ipswich, Massachusetts), a historic property and nature reserve
* Greenwood Farm (Delaware, Ohio), on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, Ohio
* Greenwood Farm (Richmond Heights, Ohio), a historic farm property
* Greenwood Farm (Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania), a historic home and farm in Chester County
# Guyana Trades Union Congress

The Guyana Trades Union Congress is a national trade union center in Guyana. It was founded in 1941 as the British Guiana Trades Union Council. It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
# Silsila (1987 film)

Silsila is a 1987 Pakistani Punjabi language Action film & musical film. directed by Aslam Dar and produced by Mian Farzand Ali.

## Cast

* Sultan Rahi
* Anjuman
* Durdana Rehman
* Sitara
* Mustafa Qureshi - Sarang
* Babar
* Talish
* Firdous Jamal
* Nasrullah Butt
* Zahir Shah
* Albela
* Bahar - Malka Jazbat
* Nazia Hafeez
* Arif Lohar
* Altaf Khan
* Jaggi Malik

## Crew

* Writer - Nasir Adeeb
* Producer - Aslam Dar, R.J. Dar
* Production Company - R. J. Production
* Cinematographer - Saeed Dar
* Music Director - Master Rafiq Ali
* Lyricist - Hazin Qadri, Waris Ludhianvi, Hamid Dar
* Playback Singers - Noor Jehan, Humaira Channa, Arif Lohar

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singers | Time | Notes |
| "Tere Mere Pyar Diyan Gallan" | Humera Channa | 4:20 | Popular song |
| "Piar Nadi Diyan Lehran" | Naheed Akhtar | 3:36 | Popular song |
| "Jatt Manzil Tey Aa Pohncheya" | Arif Lohar | 6:30 | Popular song |
| "Gutt Meri Kardi Aye Suh Suh" | Humera Channa | 6:35 | Popular song |
# The Dead Shall Dead Remain

The Dead Shall Dead Remain is the first album of the American death metal band Impaled.

## Track listing

* Introduction - 01:26
* Fæces of Death - 04:10
* Flesh & Blood - 03:16
* Trocar - 05:31
* Spirits of the Dead - 03:37
* Immaculate Defecation - 03:13
* Fæcal Rites - 03:49
* Back to the Grave - 04:45
* All That Rots - 03:51
* Gorenography - 04:55
* Blood Bath - 04:59
* Untitled - 26:04
# Associations in English law

Associations in English law are groups of people which are formed and act for a common purpose. In the United Kingdom, English and Scots law differ in the rules of contract and property, although a number of Acts of Parliament regarding associations are common to both jurisdictions. The five main types of association in English law are:
* common law associations, that are not incorporated under any particular Act of Parliament, but exist merely through a contractual agreement; normally called unincorporated associations
* trade unions, which are also formed by common law agreement, but are subject to special regulation under the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992
* a partnership, which arises automatically when people act together for the purpose of profit, and is regulated by the Partnership Act 1890, or alternatively registered with limited liability for most partners under the Limited Partnerships Act 1907, or for all partners under the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000
* trusts which are formed through consent of all involved, but are positively intended to be subjected to character
* companies that are incorporated under the Companies Act 2006 by registration at Companies House, which can include,
** companies with unlimited liability for their members
** a private company limited liability for members according to the share capital they invest (an "Ltd")
** a company with publicly traded shares (a "plc") and limited liability for members according to share capital
** a company whose members' liability is limited to the amount they have guaranteed (often a charity)
# Suzanne Davis

Suzanne Davis may refer to:
* Suzanne Davis (pianist) (born 1953), American jazz pianist
* Suzanne Davis (actress) (born 1978), American comedian and actress
* Suzanne Davis (figure skater) (1912–1991), American figure skater
* Suzanne Allison Davis, president of Greenville University
# Spencer Bayles

Spencer Bayles is the front-man and songwriter for Leeds, England-based acoustic band Last Night's TV. He was once a Guinness world record holder for having the longest appendix ever removed, at a staggering 21 cm (8.26 inches) long. The record is currently held by Safranco August [26 cm (10.24 in)] in 2006 during an autopsy.
# Halter hitch

The halter hitch is a type of knot used to connect a rope to an object. As the name implies, an animal's lead rope, attached to its halter, may be tied to a post or hitching rail with this knot. The benefit of the halter hitch is that it can be easily released by pulling on one end of the rope, even if it is under tension. Some sources show the knot being finished with the free end running through the slipped loop to prevent it from working loose or being untied by a clever animal, still allowing easy but not instant untying.

## Tying

* Halter hitch 1 : Place rope behind, through or around anchor object. Form a loop in the working part of the rope.
* Halter hitch 2 : Pull a bight of the working part behind the standing part and then through the loop formed in first step.
The halter hitch can be derived from the Noose knot by turning the working end into a bight.

## Difference from similar hitches with the same purpose

The halter hitch is topologically the same knot as the Falconer's knot, i. e. a slipped overhand knot around the main part. The falconer has to tie the same knot one handed, throwing the end around the anchor object (the perch), gripping it with a scissoring fingers act, pulling the bight from opposite side of the main part using the back of the thumb.
* Falconer's knot 1 : Pinching fingers from below, hooking thumb from above
* Falconer's knot 2 : Hand rotated counterclockwise in a "GO AWAY" sign from below
* Falconer's knot 3 : End bight scissored between fingers to thumb loop
* Falconer's knot 4 : End bight slipped through loop around thumb
* Falconer's knot 5 : Tightened by pulling main part, pushing the knot
* Falconer's knot 6 : Locked with free end through slip
The halter hitch is similar to other slipped hitches that wrap the main part with small differences:
* The Siberian hitch is one where the bight for the slip is twisted one more time i.e. a slipped Figure-eight knot around the main part. Stronger, traditionally used to tie a horse or reindeer by evenks in Siberia, tied with a method suitable for tying while wearing a glove.
* The Slippery hitch and Buntline hitch are essentially a slipped Clove hitch around the main part. Slippery hitch has the slip placed under the last turn away from the main part, while Buntline hitch has the slip placed under the last turn towards the main part. Easy to tie, secure, easy to untie, Slippery hitch is used several in a row on square-rigged ships for securing the gaskets that bind stowed sails to the yards on top, while Buntline hitch, stronger but more difficult to untie, is used slipped to secure the bottom of open sail.
* The half hitch with slip is one with no extra bight, no extra turn, just a slip inside the half hitch, much weaker than all of the above hitches.
* Siberian hitch
* Slippery hitch
* Untightened slipped buntline hitch
* Half hitch with slip
# Hero (Noah song)

"Hero" is a song by Indonesian pop rock band Noah from their 2014 album Second Chance. It was written by Noah's vocalist Ariel and Indonesian musician Giring Ganesha. It is the first song by Noah that has English lyrics. To record the song, Noah worked with British record producer Steve Lillywhite to produce it. The song was released as the lead single of Second Chance on 6 August 2014.

## Writing and recording

"Hero" had been written before Noah changed their name from Peterpan. In 2008, Peterpan performed it during a concert in London, England. Its melody is written by the band's vocalist, Ariel. But since Ariel never wrote a song with English lyrics before, Ariel got help from then-Nidji vocalist Giring Ganesha to write the lyrics, because Nidji had written several English songs.
"Hero" as recorded for the Second Chance album was produced by British record producer Steve Lillywhite. When Noah via Musica Studio's asked to collaborate with Lillywhite, "Hero" was one of the songs they sent to him. Lillywhite considered "Hero" as the song that made him realise Noah's potential. While working with Lillywhite, Noah did some experimentation such as using three layers of voice filter to make Ariel's voice cleaner, putting the drums at the corridor and relocating the voice recording location at the studio's corner.

## Music

When introduced in June 2014, "Hero" was said to sound Britpop-like, while Steve Lillywhite considered it a rock song. On this song, according to Steve Lillywhite, Ariel's voice sounds more manly compared to his softer voice on other songs. Ariel said that his voice is similar to his voice back when he was singing English songs in cafe.

## Release and promotion

"Hero" was introduced during a sharing session in June 2014. "Hero" was released as a single on 6 August 2014 via simultaneous airplay in 174 radios in Indonesia. This airplay was done at 18.08 local time with help from Indonesian Music Director Association. Then, it was released on iTunes on then next day.

## Reception

"Hero" won the Best Pop Duo/Group and was nominated for Best Pop Producer/Music Arranger on 18th Annual Anugerah Musik Indonesia on 22 September 2015.

## Music video

The music video for "Hero" was directed by Brazilian director Felipe P. Soares. The shooting was done at Rumah Akar, Kota Tua, Jakarta. The video stars Fathir Muchtar portraying a man protecting his family while the band members are performing the song. The music video was released on Musica Studio's YouTube channel on 22 September 2014, the same day as the day Ariel received full release from prison.

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Indonesia | 6 August 2014 | Radio | Musica Studio's | |
| Various | 7 August 2014 | Digital download | Musica Studio's | |
# Jack Atkinson

Jack Atkinson may refer to:
* Jack Atkinson (English footballer) (1913–1977)
* Jack Atkinson (Australian footballer) (born 1928), Australian rules footballer
# Simon Bagration

Simon "Simonika" Bagration of Mukhrani (b. 1 September 1896 – 20 May 1923) was a Georgian military officer and posthumous recipient of the Order of National Hero of Georgia. He served as captain of the national army of independent Georgia and member of the anti-Soviet national liberation movement from 1918 to 1921 and from 1921 to 1923, respectively.

## Biography

Simonika was born into a prominent aristocratic family. His father, Levan Bagration of Mukhrani (b. 1863 – 1901), the son of George Bagration and an older brother of Niko Bagration, was a representative of the Mukhrani branch of the formerly royal Bagrationi dynasty. Simonika's mother, Anastasia, was from the house of Tsereteli. Simonika himself married Nino Bagration-Davitashvili (b. 1897 – 1969). He graduated from Tbilisi Gymnasium and served in the army of the Russian Empire. He participated in World War I, fought on the western front in the ranks of the Tatar Cavalry Regiment, and was awarded the Order of St. George IV and III degrees (1914 and 1915) and the Order of St. Stanislav III degree (1917). He became an ensign in 1915 and returned to Georgia in 1917. Following Georgia’s declaration of independence in 1918, he served in the army of the Republic of Georgia as a captain of the Georgian Cavalry Regiment.
Simonika did not emigrate from Georgia after the Soviet invasion but instead continued his military service in the Red Army. He secretly sympathized with the National Democrats and, since 1922, was a member of the military organization of the National Democratic Party and the "Military Center" of the Independence Committee of Georgia. He participated in the organizing of public demonstrations against the Soviet regime and, in March 1923, was arrested in a hotel in Moscow. On May 20 of the same year, Simon was shot with other members of the "Military Center" in Tbilisi, in the territory of Vake Park. Simon Bagration's wife was soon exiled to Siberia.
On July 4, 2023, 100 years after his death, Simon Bagration of Mukhrani and other members of the military center were awarded the Order of National Hero and the title of the National Hero of Georgia by the decree of the President of Georgia, Salome Zourabichvili.
# Ryeford, Queensland

Ryeford is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Ryeford had a population of 54 people.

## Geography

Kings Creek forms the southern and eastern boundary of the locality.

## History

Ryeford State School opened on 8 November 1937. The school celebrated its 50th anniversary with a monument unveiled on 7 November 1987 by Lin Powell, Queensland Minister of Education. It opened on 8 November 1937. In 2016, the school had no children enrolled, having had only 2 children in 2015. It was permanently closed on 12 December 2016. The school was at 968 Clifton Leyburn Road (27°56′23″S 151°48′48″E﻿ / ﻿27.9398°S 151.8134°E﻿ / -27.9398; 151.8134﻿ (Ryeford State School (former))). The school's website was archived.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Ryeford had a population of 57 people.
In the 2021 census, Ryeford had a population of 54 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Ryeford. The nearest government primary schools are Back Plains State School in neighbouring Back Plains to the north-west and Clifton State School in neighbouring Clifton to the east. The nearest government secondary school is Clifton State High School, also in Clifton.
# Spartanburg, Union and Columbia Railroad

The Spartanburg, Union and Columbia Railroad was a successor railroad to the Spartanburg and Union Railroad.
Like the Spartanburg and Union, the line ran from Alston, South Carolina, to Spartanburg, South Carolina. It was sold under foreclosure in June 1880 and leased to the Columbia and Greenville Railroad for 90 years. It was likely at this point that it changed its name to the Spartanburg, Union and Columbia.
The carrier operated as part of the Richmond and Danville Railroad system from 1881 to 1894 and was controlled by the Southern Railway Company after 1895.
# Spencer Barrett

Spencer Barrett may refer to:
* Spencer Barrett (evolutionary biologist) (born 1948), Canadian evolutionary biologist
* W. S. Barrett (1914–2001), English scholar also known as Spencer Barrett
# Time travel debugging

Time travel debugging or time traveling debugging is the process of stepping back in time through source code to understand what is happening during execution of a computer program. Typically, debugging and debuggers, tools that assist a user with the process of debugging, allow users to pause the execution of running software and inspect the current state of the program. Users can then step forward in time, stepping into or over statements and proceeding in a forward direction. Interactive debuggers include the ability to modify code and step forward based on updated information. Reverse debugging tools allow users to step backwards in time through the steps that resulted in reaching a particular point in the program. Time traveling debuggers provide these features and also allow users to interact with the program, changing the history if desired, and watch how the program responds.

## Characteristics supporting bi-directional travel

There are several characteristics that support the ability to move backwards as well as forwards in time.
* Selecting a purely functional programming language helps due to the self-contained nature of pure functions. Pure functions have no side effects and depend only on the information explicitly provided to the function, providing a repeatable, reliable, replayable path through the code.
* Languages and debuggers that enable hot swapping, the ability to modify code as the code is running, provide some of the requirements necessary to rewind, and potentially rewrite execution.
* Tools based on the GNU debugger (GDB), available for compatible languages such as C, C++, Go, and Fortran are capable of reverse debugging, but the effort significantly slows interaction.

## Time traveling debuggers

Examples of debuggers with the ability to step backwards:
| Language | Debuggers |
| C++ | rr for x86 Linux, Undo UDB for Linux |
| R | provDebugR |
| Python | PyTrace |
| JavaScript | Wallaby.js, Meiosis Tracer |
| C# | RevDeBug |
| Java | RevDeBug for C# and Java, WhyLine for Java, Undo UDB |
| Elm | Elm Debugger, Elm Reactor |
| OCaml | ocamldebug |
| Go | Undo UDB for Linux |
| Rust | Undo UDB for Linux |
| Windows Native | Microsoft Time Travel Debugging (TTD) Tool for native Windows software (x86, x64, ARM, ARM64), eShard esReven Full System Timeless Analysis for Windows |
| Linux Native | eShard esReven Full System Timeless Analysis for Linux |
# Jacksonville, Adams County, Ohio

Jacksonville is an unincorporated community in Adams County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Jacksonville was laid out in 1815, and named for Andrew Jackson (1767–1845), an officer in the War of 1812 and afterward seventh President of the United States. A post office was established as Jacksonville in 1820, the name was changed to Dunbarton in 1827, and the post office closed in 1909.