OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Symphony No. 5 (Piston)

The Symphony No. 5 by Walter Piston was composed in 1954.

## History

Piston's Fifth Symphony was commissioned by the Juilliard School of Music on the occasion of their 50th anniversary. It was completed in 1954, but premiered only on February 24, 1956, by the Juilliard Orchestra, conducted by Jean Paul Morel. The program also included premieres of works by Peter Mennin, Lukas Foss, Milton Babbitt, Irving Fine, Ross Lee Finney, and William Schuman.

## Analysis

The work is in three movements:
* Lento – Allegro con spirito
* Adagio
* Allegro lieto
A typical performance will last around 21 minutes.
The first movement is in sonata-allegro form, with an introductory Lento, which returns at the end in varied form as a coda. The slow movement begins with a twelve-tone row, the intervals of which are related to motives from the first movement. The main theme of the Adagio is also related to the intervals of this row, but is more diatonic in construction. The movement is in variation form, but the variations are continuous rather than sectional, and are begun in succession by the clarinet, divisi strings, and tuba. The finale is a rondo, and is the most diatonic of the three movements. As is usual with Pistonian finales, it is drivingly rhythmic. The impression of a strong "American" sound is produced in this movement by a spaciousness of melodies and textures. The main theme, in C major, spans more than two octaves in jagged fourths, and the secondary theme is marked by jaunty syncopations. These jazz-like figures are indebted to up-tempo Broadway cabaret songs. Piston's treatment of them is at the same time witty and dated. The three movements do not form as satisfactory a symphonic whole as is found in the Fourth and Sixth Symphonies.
# Folk ragtime

Folk ragtime is a subgenre of ragtime, a distinctly American music. It is thought to have originated with illiterate itinerant African American piano players, who learned the syncopated music not formally, but through their peers. Folk Ragtime as a form stayed active until the early 1920s, when young America shifted its attention to early jazz. It was later revived, starting in 1947 with the 'rediscovery' of Sanford Brunson Campbell (March 20, 1884 - November 23, 1952) who was one of the most noted folk ragtimers as well as a student of Scott Joplin, and then in the early 1960s by the now foremost authority on Folk Ragtime, Trebor Jay Tichenor (1940-2014). Another exponent of folk ragtime was Thomas Shea (November 14, 1931 - March 12, 1982); his music is sometimes referred to as "prairie ragtime."
The writers of folk ragtime often simply mixed together themes of theirs in a random fashion, in structure loosely resembling the typical Classic Rag structure (IntroAABBACCDD.) Good testimony of this are the legendary multiple takes of Folk Rags by Sanford Brunson Campbell, recorded on acetates in 1947. They illustrate a performer who embellishes and improvises on basic themes, at times seeming as if he is making it all up as he goes along.
In terms of melodic and harmonic content, Folk Rags have a distinct blues influence. In addition to themes based on 12-bar patterns, the non blues-structured themes almost incorporate flatted 'blue' notes. Many themes in Folk rags are based on tonic-dominant chord relations with forays into other simple chords. A typical chord progression in B♭ major would go:
At the center of the revival of folk ragtime has been historian, collector, and composer/pianist Trebor Jay Tichenor. His modern interpretations of Folk Ragtime, as well as his original compositions in the style, have set the standard for all folk ragtime pianists today. Some of his noted works are: "Hickory Smoked Rag" (1974), "Days Beyond Recall" (circa. 1960), and "Pierce City Rag" (circa. 1961) among many others.
# Flute Sonata (Prokofiev)

The Flute Sonata in D, Op. 94, is a musical work composed by Sergei Prokofiev in 1943. It was initially composed for flute and piano, and was later transcribed for violin as Op. 94a, both versions have been recorded several times. The piece contains four movements.

## History

The Flute Sonata in D was completed in the summer of 1943. At that same time, Prokofiev was working on music for "Ivan the terrible". The flute sonata in D was first performed in Moscow, Russia on December 7, 1943 by Nicolai Kharkovsky (flute) and Sviatoslav Richter (piano). It was later transcribed for violin in 1944, by the composer with the help of violinist David Oistrakh, as Op. 94a. The violin version was first performed by David Oistrakh (violin) and Lev Oborin, Piano, on June 17, 1944.

## Movements

There are four movements:
* Moderato
* Scherzo: Presto
* Andante
* Allegro con brio
# Flute Sonata (Martinů)

Bohuslav Martinů's Sonata for Flute and Piano, H. 306, was composed in 1945 in South Orleans, Cape Cod, during the composer's five years in the USA following his escape from occupied France. The work was composed for George Laurent who was the principal flute of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1918 to 1952. It was premiered on 18 December 1949 in New York, with Lois Scheafer as soloist. Although Martinu originally entitled the work as his 'First Sonata for Flute and Piano', no Second Sonata ever appeared.

## Movements

The sonata is composed in three movements:
* I. Allegro moderato
* II. Adagio
* III. Allegro poco moderato

## Description

The outer movements are notably rhythmic, with the intervening adagio movement more melancholy and lyrical in nature. The inspiration for the theme of the third movement draws from Martinů's experience nursing an injured whippoorwill back to health in Cape Cod. The bird's song is recalled in the music.
# Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong

Haji Abdul Rahman bin Haji Abdul Hamid (1868–1929) was a Malay ulama. He was nicknamed Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong because he visited Limbong, Kemaman, Terengganu to teach Islam and start trading. From 1922 until 1928, he was a resistance leader against laws and changes introduced by the British.

## Early life

Haji Abdul Rahman bin Haji Abdul Hamid was born in Telemong, Terengganu. He was respected and loved by Malay society.
Prior to the British arrival, Terengganu had Islam-based rules and administrations. The society freely opened up their land for farming and collecting crops.

## British occupation

When the British came, new laws about the ways to open up land were introduced. One of them involves paying a tax to the government before using it. This new law made it difficult for everyone, especially poor farmers. To make things worse, the permission letters and passes from the government for opening up lands were also introduced. Despite the laws being introduced by the British, Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong fought to protect the livelihood and means of survival of farmers, claiming that land belongs to God, and eventually to those who work on it.
In 1922, Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong represented one of the 43 farmers being put to trial in a court for doing farming without permission. In numerous hearings that followed, no results had been given.
In 1925, about 300 to 500 farmers cleared Tengku Haji Nik's land without permission from the government.

## Insurgency

In 1928, following a series of restrictions and crackdowns by the British, Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong assembled about 1,000 people in Kampung Buluh, to launch their resistance to get the British out of their state. They attacked the police station in Kuala Berang, and captured it, raising a red flag in its place. After the attack, they moved on to Kuala Terengganu, to persuade the Sultan to endorse their actions.
Meanwhile, another group of resistance fighters was formed at Kampung Pelam, Telemong. The British representative sent police from the state's capital to Kuala Berang to get aid from the Federated Malay States.
As the resistance forces approached Padang Kachong, Kuala Telemong, the police defended against the resistance. Most of the resistance fighters died in the battle, and the resistance retreated.

## Aftermath and final years

All of the leaders involved in the insurgency of Terengganu citizenry had been found and put on trial. The majority of them were sentenced to life in prison.
Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong, who was among the guilty, but was not sentenced like most of his leaders. Instead, he was exiled from Terengganu to Mecca, where he continued to teach Islam, until his death in 1929.

## Places named after him

Several places were named after him, including:
* Jalan Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
* Abdul Rahman Limbong Mosque in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
* Kolej Siswa Abdul Rahman Limbong, a residential college at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
* Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Abdul Rahman Limbong, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
# Hackelia velutina

Hackelia velutina is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name velvet stickseed.

## Distribution

It is endemic to California, growing in the Sierra Nevada in red fir and lodgepole pine forest habitats.

## Description

Hackelia velutina is a lush, hairy perennial herb reaching a maximum height between 40 and 80 centimeters. Most of the lance-shaped leaves are located around the base of the erect stems, the longest to about 17 centimeters.
Atop the stems are cyme inflorescences of bright blue to lavender flowers. Each small tubular flower has five lobes with a petallike appendage at the base of each.
The fruit is a nutlet covered in long prickles.
# Synthetic Dimensions

Synthetic Dimensions was a video game developer, 3D graphic design, animation and interactive media company based in Wolverhampton, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1985 in Solihull by Kevin Bulmer and his partner Kate Copestake and closed in 2012. Bulmer successfully took Synthetic public on both OFEX and AIM markets in 2000 (valued at 11 million pounds). It was also known as Dimension Creative Designs, Ltd. (DCD Ltd.). It is part of the Animation Forum West Midlands network.

## Company history

The company achieved the Innovations Award at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in 1996, in recognition of unique technologies developed for real-time, multi-user 3D game environments, and won the Wolverhampton Small Business of the Year title and the City of Birmingham Award for excellence in animation, both in 1998. In 1999, Synthetic worked with Iron Maiden, developing the computer game Ed Hunter and designed graphics and memorabilia for the band's The Ed Hunter Tour world tour. The company closed in 2012 after the death of Kevin from prostate cancer.
* 1985: Bulmer and Copestake form Synthetic Dimensions.
* 1998: SDSynthetic Dimensions wins the Small Business of the Year Award.
* 1999: Synthetic Dimensions floats on Ofex with a market valuation of £11 million.
* 2000: Bulmer is a semi-finalist in the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Awards.
* 2001: Synthetic Dimensions moves to AIM with a valuation of £15.6 million.
* 2002: Bulmer and Copestake take the company private out of the parent group.
* 2012: Company closes after the death of Kevin. Kate founds Copestake Ltd.

## Video games

Including home ports of arcade games:
* Gauntlet (1986)
* Mickey Mouse: The Computer Game (1988)
* Gauntlet II (1988)
* Galaxy Force II (1989)
* Hot Rod (1989)
* Corporation (1990)
* Golden Axe (1990)
* Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
* Legends of Valour (1992)
* Rapid Assault (1994)
* Druid: Daemons of the Mind (1995)
* Chronicles of the Sword (1996)
* Perfect Assassin (1997)
* Ed Hunter (1999)
# Fluorescent lamp crusher

A fluorescent lamp crusher is a device that crushes and stores spent fluorescent lamps prior to processing at a recycling facility, while controlling the release of mercury vapor emissions. Also known as drum-top crushing, this lamp disposal method is designed to reduce the storage, labor, and shipping costs of recycling lamps over other methods, as well as decrease the likelihood of mercury release during transport to a recycling facility. Fluorescent lamp crushers are designed for use primarily in commercial and institutional facility management contexts.

## Operation

A fluorescent lamp crusher consists of a vacuum-sealed container, often a 55-gallon steel drum, in which glass fragments collect after passing through an entry tube and crushing mechanism. The mercury content of the lamp is contained by the vacuum and trapped in a filter arrangement, which must be replaced periodically. Spent fluorescent lamps are typically hand-fed into the entry tube, rapidly drawn into the drum by the vacuum seal and crushed in the motorized crushing assembly. Once the storage container is full, it is replaced and shipped to a recycling facility for processing. Several companies manufacture fluorescent lamp crushers, including Dextrite, Air Cycle Corporation, and Resource Technologies.

## Regulations

Drum-top lamp crushing is regulated at the state level in the United States. State regulations must adhere to mercury emission standards developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Some states prohibit crushing except by permit in belief that lamp crushers emit levels of mercury vapor higher than those established by the U.S. EPA. However, most states allow lamp crushing as treatment of either hazardous or universal waste.
# HMS Terrapin

HMS Terrapin was a British submarine of the third group of the T class. She was built as P323 by Vickers Armstrong, Barrow and launched on 31 August 1943. So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Terrapin, after the animal of that name. Apart from a brief period in home waters off the Scandinavian coast, Terrapin served in the Far East for much of her wartime career.

## Service

Though only commissioned on 22 January 1944, she had a comparatively active career. In March 1944 she attacked a German convoy off Flekkefjord, Norway, torpedoing and damaging the German catapult ship Schwabenland, and the German tanker Wörth (the former Dutch Omala). The Schwabenland was grounded at Sildeneset in Abelnes harbour to prevent her from sinking and the Wörth was towed to port.
Terrapin was then assigned to the Pacific Far East in mid 1944. She opened her career by bombarding Japanese installations at Gunung Sitoli (Nias Island), western Sumatra. She also sank a Japanese coaster with gunfire and damaged another. She went on to sink the Japanese auxiliary netlayer Kumano Maru, the Japanese minesweeper W 5, and ten Japanese sailing vessels, damaging another.
Terrapin often operated with HMS Trenchant, and together they sank the Japanese tanker Yaei Maru No.6, the Japanese auxiliary minesweeper Reisui Maru, the Japanese submarine chaser Ch 8, a fishing vessel and seven coasters. Terrapin herself sank another small craft with gunfire.
Terrapin was damaged on 19 May 1945 by depth charges from Japanese escort vessels while attacking an escorted tanker. With the assistance of the American submarine USS Cavalla, she was escorted and returned to Fremantle, Australia. After inspection Terrapin was declared a constructive total loss on return to harbour and was later scrapped in June 1946.
# Syriac Catholic cathedral

Syriac Catholic cathedral may refer to:

## Syria

* Syriac Catholic Cathedral of Saint Paul, Damascus
* Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, Aleppo
# Fluoroamphetamine

Fluoroamphetamine may refer to:
* 2-Fluoroamphetamine
* 3-Fluoroamphetamine
* 4-Fluoroamphetamine
# Sığırçayı, Göynücek

Sığırçayı is a village in the Göynücek District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 115 (2021).
# Fomalhaut Nunatak

Fomalhaut Nunatak (70°58′S 66°40′W﻿ / ﻿70.967°S 66.667°W﻿ / -70.967; -66.667) is an isolated, flat-topped nunatak near the head of Ryder Glacier, 6.5 nautical miles (12 km) east of Mount Alpheratz of the Pegasus Mountains, in Palmer Land, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after the star Fomalhaut in the constellation of Piscis Austrinus.
# Fomboni FC

Fomboni Football Club is a football club from the Comoros based in Fomboni.

## Achievements

* Comoros Premier League: 3
       2001–02, 2014, 2019.
* Comoros Cup: 1
       2015.
* Comoros Super Cup: 0

## Performance in CAF competitions

* CAF Champions League: 2 appearances
       2015 – Preliminary Round
       2020 – Preliminary Round
* CAF Confederation Cup: 0 appearance

## Current Players

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
# Fombio

Fombio (Lodigiano: Fùmbi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Lodi.
It was the site of the Battle of Fombio in 1796.
Fombio borders the following municipalities: Codogno, Somaglia, San Fiorano, Santo Stefano Lodigiano, Guardamiglio, San Rocco al Porto.
# Fontaine-le-Dun

Fontaine-le-Dun (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

Fontaine-le-Dun is a small farming town, with associated light industry, situated by the banks of the river Dun in the Pays de Caux, some 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D142 and the D79 roads.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Fontaine-le-Dun | The arms of Fontaine-le-Dun are blazoned : Azure, a sword between 2 crescents argent above both a lance head Or, and on a chief gules, a cross argent. |

## Places of interest

* The eleventh-century church of Notre-Dame
* A sixteenth-century stone cross
* A manorhouse dating from the seventeenth century

## Notable people

Pierre Giffard, journalist, was born here in 1853.
# Sällskapet

Sällskapet may refer to:
* Sällskapet (album), a debut music album by the eponymous Swedish band
* Sällskapet (band), a Swedish electronic rock music band
* Sällskapet (club), a Swedish gentlemen's club established in Stockholm in 1800
* Sällskapet till belöning för trotjänare, a non-profit prize-giving organisation in Sweden
* Sällskapet Du Londel, an alternative name for Du Londel Troupe in Sweden
* Välgörande fruntimmerssällskapet, Swedish women's charitable society
# TI-81

The TI-81 was the first graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments. It was designed in 1990 for use in algebra and precalculus courses. Since its release, it has been superseded by a series of newer calculators: the TI-85, TI-82, TI-83, TI-86, TI-83 Plus, TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, TI-84 Plus, TI-84 Plus Silver Edition, TI-84 Plus C Silver Edition, TI-Nspire, TI-Nspire CAS, TI-84 Plus CE, and most recently, the TI-84 Plus CE Python. Most of them share the original feature set and 96×64-pixel display that began with this calculator, with the exceptions of the TI-84 Plus C Silver Edition and the TI-84 Plus CE family.

## Features

The TI-81 is powered by a Zilog Z80 microprocessor, like those used in almost every other Texas Instruments graphing calculator (except the TI-80, TI-89, TI-89 Titanium, TI-92, TI-92 Plus, Voyage 200 and TI-Nspire series). However, the processor is clocked at 2 MHz whereas the other Z80-powered Texas Instruments calculators run at speeds of at least 6 MHz (the TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, TI-84 Plus, and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition can run at 15 MHz). It contains 2400 bytes of user RAM, with additional RAM used internally by the calculator firmware software system.
The TI-81's user interactions are provided by its so-called Equation Operation System. This is comparable to the interface provided by the more recent TI-82, TI-83, and so on. This system is capable of such tasks as two-dimensional parametric graphing (in addition to standard two-dimensional function graphing), trigonometric calculations in units of either degrees or radians, simple drawing capabilities, creation and manipulation of matrices up to 6x6 in size, and programming in a proprietary statement-based language.
In late 2009 an exploit was found that can be used to execute machine code on the TI-81, using manual input of code. The TI-81 has no data link interface; its only means of input and output are the keyboard and screen.
As with its successors, the TI-81 is powered by four AAA batteries and one CR1616 or CR1620 lithium backup battery (to ensure programs are persistent when the AAA batteries are being changed). Some early TI-81 units omit the backup battery; if the AAA batteries of one of these units are changed one at a time and quickly, the memory contents are still retained.
Texas Instruments distributes software which emulates the TI-81 and its Equation Operating System on a desktop computer using DOS or DOSBox.
# TI-74

The Texas Instruments TI-74 Basicalc is a type of programmable calculator, which was released in 1985 to replace the Compact Computer 40.
The TI-74's architecture is descended from the never-released TI CC-40 Plus. TI utilized the CC-40 Plus ROM to create the TI-74's BIOS; it removed the CC-40's internal debugger to gain enough space to add calculator mode to the TI-74. The CC-40 Plus' cassette routines were reused in the TI-74, and the CC-40's Hexbus port underwent a physical footprint change and was renamed to Dockbus. The Hexbus protocol is 100% compatible between the CC-40 and TI-74 with an adapter.
One variant, the TI-74S, has a blank faceplate instead of secondary functions to allow for customization (otherwise it is the same as the 74). Both models accepted customized ROM-modules. The TI-95, released at the same time, was a keystroke programmable descendant of the TI-59 and TI-66, with the same general form factor, but a two-line display (the second line was for function key definitions).

## Technical specifications

* TMS70C46 CPU (C70009, another chip from TMS 7000 family also reported)
* 31 5×7 character LCD
* 32+4 KB ROM
* 8 KB RAM
* RAM/ROM memory expansion port
* Hexbus port
* 80 characters per line (31 visible)
* powered by 4 AAA-size batteries
# Sürmene knife

Sürmene knife. Being 15–20 cm (5.9–7.9 in) in length, Sürmene knife has sharp or round tip and the section between incisive part and handle is embroidered by carving. Built in Sürmene at least since Byzantine times.
# Sürsat

Sürsat was a form of food requisitioning with price controls, used by the Ottoman Empire to provide consumables for its armed forces. It was related to nüzül; sürsat was initially an obligation for the public to provide food and other supplies at a pre-fixed price which was unlikely to be favourable, or might even be merely symbolic. Istira was basically the same obligation, but supposedly at market price. Over time, nüzül, sürsat, and istira were all transformed into extraordinary cash taxes on people living near the route travelled by the army.
During the late 17th and early 18th century - a period of continuous warfare for the Ottoman Empire - these extraordinary taxes soon became routine.
This cash payment would be higher than the market value of the goods that were nominally required; for instance, during the campaigns on the eastern frontier in 1637-1638, the market price of barley was 23 akçes per kile; but under the sürsat system, villagers were obliged to sell barley to the army for 12 akçes - and those who did not sell barley directly paid cash instead, varying from 20 to 60 akçes. The easy convertibility of food supply obligations to cash payments makes it clear that sürsat was effectively a tax.
When goods were provided rather than cash, they might also include firewood and food for horses, as well as food for the army itself. The raya would be obliged to deliver supplies to where they were needed - in other words, they bore the transportation costs, which would otherwise be a large part of the cost of maintaining an army in the field.
Ottoman taxation was subject to a complex family of overlapping fees and exemptions; some favoured groups were exempt from sürsat, and in the Balkans many Christian settlements were exempted from sürsat, apparently to discourage rebellion during warfare with neighbouring Christian kingdoms.