OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Samuel Nixon

Robert Samuel Nixon (22 May 1909 – 21 September 1997) was a unionist politician in Northern Ireland.
Bob Nixon studied at Mountjoy School in Dublin, then at Queen's University, Belfast, where he qualified as a doctor of medicine. At the 1953 Northern Ireland general election, he was elected for the Ulster Unionist Party in North Down.
In 1965, Nixon revealed that unionists in Derry had helped convince the Government of Northern Ireland to site the New University of Ulster in Coleraine, rather than their own city, which had a Roman Catholic majority. In response to this, he was suspended from the Parliamentary party for several months. He stood down at the 1969 Northern Ireland general election, but stood unsuccessfully as an independent Unionist in the 1970 general election, again in North Down.
# John XIII

John XIII may refer to:
* Pope John XIII, (r. 965–972)
* John XIII of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch (r. 1315–1320)
* John XIII bar Ma'dani, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (r. 1483–1493)
* Pope John XIII of Alexandria, Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria (r. 1483-1524)
# Robert Rabinowitz

Robert Rabinowitz (b. Brooklyn, New York) is an American illustrator and graphic designer.

## Career

Rabinowitz was a long-time partner of Bob Gill, who he had first met in the US Army in the 1950s. In 1975 Gill and Rabinowitz created Beatlemania, a multimedia history of the 1960s set to music by The Beatles. The show was the largest multimedia musical on Broadway up until that time.
The pair's next project was a celebration of the Lincoln Center's 20th anniversary, involving five giant movie screens mounted on the facade of the Metropolitan Opera House, playing a history of the center. After this they were invited to create a retrospective play of the history of rock'n'roll music. Entitled Rock 'N Roll! The First 5,000 Years, it previewed at the St. James Theatre on October 5, 1982, officially opening on October 24, before closing on October 31 after just nine shows, to terrible reviews.

## Family

With his family, Rabinowitz owns Villa Rosa Bonheur in the Spuyten Duyvil section of Riverdale, New York. He is the brother of the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alaska, Jay Rabinowitz, cousin of integrative medicine media personality, Barrie Cassileth, and uncle to Olympic Cross Country Skier, Judy Rabinowitz.
# Robert Turnbull (Australian politician)

Robert Turnbull (c.1819 – 21 November 1872) was a merchant and politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), and a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

## Life and career

Turnbull was born in East Lothian, Scotland, and moved to the Port Phillip District in 1840 via Van Diemens Land having arrived there in 1839 in the ship Charlotte. In Melbourne he became a partner in Turnbull, Orr & Co importing manufactured goods. He later formed R. & P. Turnbull in Market St, Melbourne.
He lived in Port Albert in the 1840s managing the interests of his firm in Gippsland where the partnership had a dozen pastoral properties between 1838 and 1857. His five brothers were part owners of some of these properties. He retained his business connections with Melbourne and in 1851 he was elected to the inaugural Melbourne Chamber of Commerce.
He was a member of the Melbourne Club and the Union Club.
His wife was Marion Paterson and they had seven children.

## Politics

In September 1851 Turnbull was elected unopposed as member for Wimmera in the first (unicameral) Victorian Legislative Council. He was sworn-in November 1851 and held the seat until resigning in May 1853.
Turnbull was again elected to the Victorian Legislative Council as member for Eastern Province in a by-election in January 1864, a seat he held until his death in St Kilda, Victoria. He was 53 years of age and was survived by his wife and five of their children.
# Robert Reading

Sir Robert Reading, first and last Baronet Reading, (c. 1640 – c. March 1689) built several privately owned lighthouses in Ireland under letters patent from Charles II of England.
He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, receiving a BA in 1658.
He was elected as an MP in the Irish House of Commons for Ratoath (1662–1666), but was attainted by the Irish Parliament of James II (1689).
He married Jane Coote, daughter of Sir Robert Hannay c. 1662. She was the Dowager Countess of Mountrath as the widow of Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Mountrath. They had one child, Elizabeth, who married James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in November 1671. He was made 1st Baronet Reading of Dublin on 27 August 1675.
On his death, he was buried in Newark, Nottinghamshire.

## Lighthouses

The lighthouses built by Robert Reading were at Howth Head, the Howth bar, the Old Head of Kinsale, Charles Fort (formerly Barry Oge's castle), Hook Head and the Isle of Magee near Carlingford, County Louth. The Howth bar and Isle of Magee lights did not last long, though the latter was re-established on the Lesser Copeland Island. These lighthouses all had coal fires on their roofs.
In 1704 the lighthouses were compulsorily transferred into public ownership.
# Robert S. Ross

Robert S. Ross (born April 9, 1954) is a professor of political science at Boston College, associate of the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard University, senior advisor of the security studies program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is one of the foremost American specialists on Chinese foreign and defense policy and U.S.-China relations.
# Robert S. Roth

Robert S. Roth (August 21, 1926 – July 16, 2012) was an American materials scientist known for his comprehensive research into the phase diagrams of ceramic materials and the structures of nonstoichiometric compounds.

## Education and career

Roth studied geology at Coe College and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where he obtained his PhD in 1951. He worked at the United States Geological Survey as a field assistant, and after his PhD, he joined the National Bureau of Standards (later NIST), where he remained for most of his career. Since 1981, he was a senior editor of the book series Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, a major set of reference books in the field of ceramic materials.
While visiting CSIRO in Melbourne, Australia in the 1960s, Roth collaborated with the Australian materials scientist Arthur D. Wadsley to understand the structures of transition metal oxides, which led to a series of publications. The ordered phases of transition metal oxides exhibiting shear structures are now referred to as the Wadsley-Roth phases.

## Honors and awards

Roth received the United States Department of Commerce Gold Medal in 1986. He received the Sosman Award in 1991, the John Jeppson Award in 1995, the Spriggs Phase Equilibria Award in 2003, all from the American Ceramic Society. He received the Buessem Award from the Center for Dielectric Studies in 2001.
# Robert S. Ryan

Robert "Bob" S. Ryan is an American engineer who worked for NASA designing launch vehicles and coordinating technical training.

## Career

During his career at NASA, Ryan worked on launch vehicle and space systems design and technology development, and as a Technical Training Coordinator. He retired from NASA in 1996.
Ryan has also worked as an aerospace consultant for The Boeing Company on the Space Station design, and for Lockheed Martin Corporation in Huntsville on the Space Shuttle Super Light Weight tank design. He has consulted with NASA on the Space Launch Initiative, the Next Generation Launch Technology, Orbital Space Plane, the Exploration Program's Crew Launch Vehicle and Cargo Launch Vehicle, NASA NESC Smart Buyer Activity, Nuclear Propulsion Technology, MLAS Alternate Abort System test program and flight, Constellation Program, Commercial Launch Vehicles and Robust and Reliable Human Spacecraft System. In addition, he served as chairman of the X-33 Composite Fuel Tank Failure investigation, a member of the Air Force IUS failure team, and member of the Joint NASA and Air Force Launch Vehicle Integration 120 Day Study Team.

## Publications

He is a contributing editor on the text book "Textbook for Space Transportation System Design" and "System Engineering". He is a co-author on the NASA TP "Launch Vehicle Design Process"; NASA CR "Lessons Learned in Engineering"; NASA CR "Engineering the System"; and is in the process of writing two additional NASA CR's: 1. "Coaching and Mentoring" and 2. "Engineering Excellence". He wrote a chapter in "50 Years of Shock and Vibration" and in "Systems Engineering" and an Agard Book, "Winds and Launch Vehicle Response".

## Awards

Ryan was a NASA Flight Honoree for the Space Shuttle 100th flight and received the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal and three Exceptional Service Medals. His was an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) was named the Mississippi/Alabama Section AIAA Engineer of the Year, was honored with the AIAA Herman Oberth Award by the Mississippi/Alabama Section, received the AIAA Structural Dynamics and Materials Medal, and was awarded the first AIAA Crichlow Trust Prize ($100,000).
He is a 150 Distinguished Faculty Fellow of the University of Alabama, member of the Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame, University of North Alabama Alumni of the Year, and Morgan County Alabama Sports Hall of Fame.
# Jon Snodgrass

Jon Snodgrass (July 27, 1941 – November 5, 2015) was a Panamanian author, born in Colón, Panama, to John Alphonso and Olivia Jane (Chestnut) Snodgrass. He received his Ph.D. sociology in 1972 at the University of Pennsylvania. He worked in the department of sociology at California State University in Los Angeles.
Snodgrass died in 2015 at his home in South Pasadena.

## Works

* (Editor) for Men Against Sexism: A Book of Readings, Times Change Press, 1977.
* The Jack-Roller at Seventy: A Fifty-Year Follow-Up, Lexington Books, 1982.
* "Patriarchy and Phantasy: A Conception of Psychoanalytic Sociology" (The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 43 (Fall 1983) 261-275)
* Career Strategies Map and Guide, Career Strategies Center (South Pasadena, California), 1990.
* Follow Your Career Star: A Career Quest Based on Inner Values, Kensington Books (New York) 1996.
* Peace Knights of the Soul: Wisdom in 'Star Wars', Inner Circle Publishing, 2006.
# Robert Sack

Robert Sack may refer to:
* Robert D. Sack, American judge
* Robert L. Sack, American physician and researcher
# Robert Urie

Robert Wallace Urie (22 October 1854 – 6 January 1937) was a Scottish locomotive engineer who was the last chief mechanical engineer of the London and South Western Railway.

## Career

After serving an apprenticeship with and working for various private locomotive manufacturers he joined the Caledonian Railway in 1890, and became chief draughtsman, and later Works Manager at St. Rollox railway works under Dugald Drummond. In 1897 he moved with Drummond to join the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) as works manager at Nine Elms in London. He transferred to the new works at Eastleigh in 1909. Following the death of Dugald Drummond in 1912, Urie became chief mechanical engineer until his own retirement at the grouping of 1923.

## Locomotive designs

Robert Urie made a significant contribution to the development of more powerful express passenger and goods locomotives for use on the London and South Western Railway main line, with simple yet robust designs. In particular his LSWR H15 class, LSWR N15 class and LSWR S15 class 4-6-0 as well LSWR Class G16 4-8-0T and LSWR H16 class 4-6-2T locomotives continued to be built by the Southern Railway under Richard Maunsell's direction.

## Patents

* GB191410781, published 13 August 1914, Improvements in means for connecting pipes or conduits
* GB191410782, published 3 September 1914, Improvements in steam superheaters

## Family

His son David Chalmers Urie was a locomotive engineer with the Highland Railway and later the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
# Robert Wilfred Scarff

Robert Wilfred Scarff CBE FRCS FRSE (1899–1970) was a 20th-century British surgeon and pathologist.

## Life

He was born in Dalmuir west of Glasgow on 18 October 1899 the son of Robert William Scarff, a sea captain, and his wife, Katherine Agnes Russell, from Orkney with four brothers who were doctors. The family moved to Ilford in London in 1906 when his father got a job in Tilbury Docks. He and his two brothers were educated in the Classics at the City of London School.
He entered the Middlesex Hospital Medical SWchool in 1918 and gained a Diploma in 1924. He then entered the Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology under the directorship of James McIntosh. Here he assisted S. L. Baker in the Department of Morbid Pathology and Histology. When Baker went to Manchester in 1931 Scarff replaced him as head of Department. The role necessitated further study to obtain a full medical degree and he then qualified MB BSc.
In 1944 (during the war) he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Alan William Greenwood, Sir Edward Charles Dodds, James Edward Nichols, and Peo Charles Koller.
In 1946 he was created Professor of Morbid Pathology. In 1948 he replaced James McIntosh as Director of the Bland-Sutton Institute. In 1958 he was Secretary General of the 7th International Cancer Conference in London, and was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in 1960 as a consequence.
He retired in 1963 and died at Middlesex Hospital in London following a short illness on 17 January 1970. He was unmarried and had no children.
# Robert de Juilly

Robert de Juilly or Robert de Juliac (died 29 July 1377) was the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1374 to his death. He was succeeded by Juan Fernández de Heredia.
# Rum Creek

Rum Creek may refer to:
* Rum Creek (Ocmulgee River tributary), a stream in Georgia
* Rum Creek (West Virginia), a stream in West Virginia
# Sveum

Sveum is a surname of Norwegian origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bente Øyan Sveum (born 1945), Norwegian politician
* Dale Sveum (born 1963), American baseball player, coach, and manager
* Dennis Sveum, American ice dancer
* Dennis Sveum (ice hockey) (born 1986), Norwegian ice hockey player
# Surrounded

Surrounded may refer to:

## Books

* The Surrounded, a 1936 novel by D'Arcy McNickle
* Surrounded, a 1974 novel by Dean Koontz writing as Brian Coffey

## Films

* Surrounded (1960 film), a Norwegian film directed by Arne Skouen
* Surrounded (2023 film), an American film directed by Anthony Mandler

## Music

* Surrounded (band), an alternative rock/space rock band from Sweden

### Albums

* Surrounded, an album by Checkfield 2003
* Surrounded (Björk album), 2006
* Surrounded, an album by Men of Standard, 2006, or the title song
* Surrounded (Richard Buckner album), 2013, or the title song
* Surrounded (Michael W. Smith album), 2018
* Surrounded, an album by Justin Sullivan (singer of New Model Army), 2021

### Songs

* "Surrounded" (Chantal Kreviazuk song), 1996
* "Surrounded", a song by The Chills, 1996
* "Surrounded", a song by Syl Johnson
* "Surrounded", a song by As I Lay Dying from the 2001 album Beneath the Encasing of Ashes
* "Surrounded", a song by Dream Theater from the 1992 album Images and Words
* "Surrounded", a song by Reks from the 2016 album The Greatest X
* "Surrounded", a song by Wage War from the 2016 album Blueprints (Anniversary Edition bonus track)
# Ortholepis rhodorella

Ortholepis rhodorella is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It was described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1958. It is found in North America, including Maine and Nova Scotia.
The wingspan is about 17 mm.
# River Bride, Dorset

The River Bride is a river in Dorset, England, situated between the towns of Dorchester and Bridport. It runs through the Bride Valley, a distinct landscape area in the Dorset National Landscape.
The River Bride is approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) long and has a catchment area of 15 square miles (39 km$^2$). It rises on the eastern side of Black Down at an altitude of 90 metres (300 ft) beneath an artificial lake at Bridehead House, Littlebredy on the escarpment of the Dorset Downs. It flows west to its mouth west of Burton Bradstock, reaching the coast through a break in coastal cliffs at Burton Freshwater. It empties into the English Channel over the western end of Chesil Beach where it "forms itself into a pool and fights to get to the sea intact before sinking into the shingle." It has nine tributaries and descends more than 60 metres (200 ft) in its first three miles.
The Bride Valley is a protected area as part of the Dorset National Landscape (an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The National Landscape Partnership describe it as a broad clay valley having a sweeping profile enclosed by the chalk escarpment to the north and east, and smaller limestone escarpment to the south, with a "strong undeveloped rural character". Land use is primarily a patchwork of dairy pasture and wet woodland in the valley floor, and arable, scrub and calcareous grassland on the valley sides.

## Etymology

The river's name is of Celtic origin. It is derived from Old Welsh Brydi, related to Cornish bredion "to boil", so means "boiling or gushing" stream. The river gives its name to Long Bredy, Littlebredy, Burton Bradstock and probably Bridport.
# Rogalski

Rogalski (feminine: Rogalska; plural: Rogalscy) is a Polish locational surname, which means a person from Rogal in Poland. The name may refer to:
* Bogusław Rogalski (born 1972), Polish politician
* Edward Rogalski (born 1942), American university administrator
* Franz Rogalski (1913–1977), German soldier
* Jerzy Rogalski (born 1948), Polish actor
* Joe Rogalski (1912–1951), American baseball player
* Maciej Rogalski (born 1980), Polish football player
* Maksymilian Rogalski (born 1983), Polish football player
* Michał Rogalski (born 1987), Polish badminton player
* Stanisław Rogalski (1904–1976), Polish aircraft designer
* Theodor Rogalski (1901–1954), Romanian musician
# Strychnos tetragona

Strychnos tetragona is a species of plant in the Loganiaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
# Space Daze 2000: A Mind Journey of Electronic Ambient Space Rock

Space Daze 2000: A Mind Journey of Electronic Ambient Space Rock is a various artists compilation album released on February 20, 1996 by Cleopatra Records.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine awarded Space Daze 2000 four and a half out of five stars and called the collection "groundbreaking" and "an excellent sampling of ambient music."

## Personnel

Adapted from the Space Daze 2000: A Mind Journey of Electronic Ambient Space Rock liner notes.
* Carl Edwards – design
* Judson Leach – mastering

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1996 | Cleopatra | CD | CLEO 1844 |
# Space Dance!

"Space Dance!" (Japanese: 宇宙ダンス!, Hepburn: Uchū Dance!) is the debut single by Kotori with Stitch Bird, a Japanese music group created by Level-5 CEO Akihiro Hino, formed of Dream5 member Kotori Shigemoto, Yulia, and Yuka. Released on September 16, 2015, "Space Dance!" was the 5th ending theme to the 2014 Yo-kai Watch TV-series, succeeding "Yo-kai Exercise No. 2".

## Background and releases

"Space Dance!" is the debut single by Kotori with Stitch Bird, a Japanese music group formed to bring new direction to the music of the 2014 TV-series Yo-kai Watch, which "Space Dance!" is the 5th ending theme for. The song was choreographed by Lucky Ikeda, who had previously choreographed multiple other Yo-kai Watch themes, such as "Gera Gera Po" and "Don-Don-Dooby-Zoo-Bah!".
"Space Dance!" started being used as the new ending theme to the Yo-kai Watch TV-series in the first episode of the series' second season, "Usapyon Is Here!" (aired July 10, 2015). The single was released digitally on iTunes on July 11, 2014, and was later released as a CD and DVD on September 16, under the FRAME label. The CD release was bundled with a physical Yo-kai Medal of the character Usapyon, in addition to a QR code, that would give the scanner a digital coin to use in Yo-kai Watch: Wibble Wobble.
The song has also appeared in other pieces of Yo-kai Watch media, including Yo-kai Watch: Enma Daiō to Itsutsu no Monogatari da Nyan!, where it was one of the two ending themes, and Yo-kai Watch Dance: Just Dance Special Version, where it was one of the game's 10 songs.

## Chart performance

"Space Dance!" made a total of 12 appearances on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart, where it peaked at number five for the week of September 28, 2015. The song also made one appearance on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 chart at number 58 during the week of October 3, 2015.
# Sherzad Hafiz

Sherzad Hafiz (Kurdish: شێرزاد حافز, born May 14, 1958) is a current Member of Gorran Movement.
Sherzad Hafiz was a former Member of Parliament in the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq for Gorran Movement. He was a commander in the Peshmerga for the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan from 1979 until 1990 when he moved to London to treat injuries sustained on the front lines. He returned in 2001 to become mayor of Chamchamal. In 2005 he was elected by the people of Chamchamal into the Governing Council of Sulaymaniah and subsequently voted into the position of Chairman of the Governing Council.
# Former Gardiners offices

The Former Gardiners offices (grid reference ST596729) is on Old Bread Street, Bristol, England.
It was built in 1865-7 by Foster and Wood and is an example of the Bristol Byzantine style.
It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II listed building.
# Special situation

A special situation in finance is an atypical event which has the high potential to alter the future course of a business, materially impacting the company's value. The connotation of the event may be both positive (for example, merger or acquisition) and negative (conflict, distress, etc.) The notion also covers corporate restructuring and corporate transactions, such as spin-offs, share repurchases, security issuance/repurchase, asset sales, or other catalyst-oriented situations. Further, a shareholders conflict is also considered a special situation.
Seeking for and investing in special situations is a strategy pursued by a number of investors. To take advantage of a special situation, a hedge fund manager must identify an upcoming event that will increase or decrease the value of the company's equity and equity-related instruments.

## Definition

There is also a definition of special situation by Benjamin Graham:
   First, just what is meant by a "special situation"? Convention has not jelled sufficiently to permit a clear-cut and final definition. In the broader sense, a special situation is one in which a particular development is counted upon to yield a satisfactory profit in the security even though the general market does not advance. In the narrow sense, you do not have a real “special situation” unless the particular development is already under way.

## Classes of special situations

In his well-known book Security Analysis, Benjamin Graham divides special situations into six classes:
* Class A: Standard arbitrages, based on a reorganization, recapitalization or merger plan
* Class B: Cash payout, in recapitalization or mergers
* Class C: Cash payments on sale or liquidation
* Class D: Litigated matters
* Class E: Public utility breakups
* Class F: Miscellaneous special situations
# Forktail blue-eye

The forktail blue-eye (Pseudomugil furcatus) is a diminutive species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Pseudomugilinae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea, south-east of Popondetta, where it is found in rainforest streams.
It used to be placed in the genus Popondetta, and even separated as Popondichthys, but this is now considered erroneous.
# Forkum

Forkum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl Forkum (1882–1934), American football and baseball player and coach
* John Dehner (born John Forkum, 1915–1992), American actor and animator