OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reich Forestry Office

The Reich Forestry Office (German: Reichsforstamt) was the highest authority for forestry, hunting, timber management, nature conservation, and the preservation of natural monuments in Nazi Germany. It was established by the Law on the Transition of Forestry and Hunting to the Reich, which was passed unanimously by the Reich government on 3 July 1934. Its aim was to preserve forested areas due to their importance to the nation's culture and industry.
At the head of the authority was the Reichsforstmeister (Reich chief forester) with the rank of Reichsminister, though in hunting-related matters the designation Reichsjägermeister (Reich chief hunter) was used. The various regional forest offices were made subordinate to the new authority. Forestry and hunting were spun off from the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture in 1934 and placed under the Reich Forestry Office. In 1935 it was merged with the Prussian State Forest Office.

## Literature

* Dirscherl, Stefan: Tier- und Naturschutz im Nationalsozialismus, Göttingen: V & R Unipress, 2012, S. 73–75 (ISBN 978-3-8471-0029-4).
* Rubner, Heinrich: Deutsche Forstgeschichte 1933-1945: Forstwirtschaft, Jagd, und Umwelt im NS-Staat, St. Katharinen: Scripta-Mercaturae-Verl., 1985 (ISBN 3-922661-24-6).
* How Green Were the Nazis? Nature, Environment and Nation in the Third Reich Edited by Franz-Josef Brüggemeier, Mark Cioc, and Thomas Zeller. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005
# Alkaline phosphatase, placental type

Alkaline phosphatase, placental type also known as placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is an allosteric enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALPP gene.

## Gene

There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal (ALPI), placental (this enzyme), placental-like (ALPPL2), and liver/bone/kidney (ALPL) (tissue-nonspecific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2, whereas the tissue-nonspecific form is located on chromosome 1. The coding sequence for this form of alkaline phosphatase is unique in that the 3' untranslated region contains multiple copies of an Alu family repeat. In addition, this gene is polymorphic and three common alleles (type 1, type 2, and type 3) for this form of alkaline phosphatase have been well-characterized.

## Function

Alkaline phosphatase, placental type is a membrane-bound glycosylated dimeric enzyme, also referred to as the heat-stable form, that is expressed primarily in the placenta, although it is closely related to the intestinal form of the enzyme as well as to the placental-like form.

## Clinical significance

PLAP is a tumor marker, especially in seminoma and ovarian cancer (e.g., dysgerminoma). PLAP is reliable only in non-smokers, as smoking interferes with measurement of PLAP, since serum concentrations of PLAP are increased up to 10-fold in smokers and its measurement is therefore of little value in this group.
# Reign Storm

Reign Storm may refer to:
* Reign Storm (Danny Phantom)
* Reign Storm (The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3)
# Related services under IDEA

Related services is defined by the United States Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ("IDEA") 1997 as,
    "transportation and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services as are required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education..."[section 300.24(a)].
Students who need special education and specially designed instruction are eligible for related serves under IDEA. During the evaluation process the student is evaluated to first find out if the student has a disability, and secondly to determine what types of related services the student requires. Within IDEA it can be in many forms.
The related services include: audiology, counseling services, early identification, family training-counseling and home visits, health services, medical services, nursing services, nutrition services, occupational therapy, orientation and mobility services, parent counseling and training, physical therapy, psychological services, recreation and therapeutic recreation, rehabilitative counseling services, interpretation services, school health services, service coordination services, social work services in schools, speech pathology and speech-language pathology, transportation and related costs, and assistive technology and services. Related services were mandated in the IDEA 1997, and more than 6.1 million children with disabilities received related services in 1998-1999 (Nichcy).
Children with exceptionalities depend on related services in their individualized education programs. The related services according to IDEA, "...assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education" [section 300.24(a)]. Related services also help children with exceptionalities to reach their IEP goals and objectives. In fact, in the IEP the related services section is located directly after the goals and objectives section. The IEP requires the document constructor to list the service provided, the location that the service will be provided in, the frequency that the service will be provided, the projected beginning date of the service, and the anticipated duration of the service. In order to make sure that this section of the IEP is written correctly is it essential that the service provider of the particular service either attend the IEP meeting, or send a written document describing the details of the service that will be provided.
# Allofustis

Allofustis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Allofustis seminis).
# Allogamy

Allogamy or cross-fertilization is the fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another. By contrast, autogamy is the term used for self-fertilization. In humans, the fertilization event is an instance of allogamy. Self-fertilization occurs in hermaphroditic organisms where the two gametes fused in fertilization come from the same individual. This is common in plants (see Sexual reproduction in plants) and certain protozoans.
In plants, allogamy is used specifically to mean the use of pollen from one plant to fertilize the flower of another plant and usually synonymous with the term "cross-fertilization" or "cross-pollination" (outcrossing). The latter term can be used more specifically to mean pollen exchange between different plant strains or even different plant species (where the term cross-hybridization can be used) rather than simply between different individuals.
Allogamy is achieved through the use of external pollinating factors. The process of allogamy involves two types of external pollinating agents, known as abiotic agents and biotic agents. The abiotic agents are water and wind. The biotic agents are insects and animals, which include bees, butterflies, snails, and birds. Wind pollination is referred to as anemophily, and water pollination is referred to as hydrophilly. Insect pollination is referred to as entomophily, bird pollination is referred to as omithophily, and snail pollination is referred to as malacophily.
Allogamy can lead to homozygosity. After reaching homozygosity, the species develop homozygous balance and fail to exhibit inbreeding depression. Mechanisms that promote self-pollination include homogamy, bisexuality, cleistogamy, the position of anthers, and chasmogamy.
Allogamy promotes genetic diversity and reduces the risk of inbreeding depression. The persistent prevalence of allogamy throughout different species implies that this strategy provides selective advantages concerning adaptation to changing environments and sustaining fitness.
Parasites having complex life cycles can pass through alternate stages of allogamous and autogamous reproduction, and the description of a hitherto unknown allogamous stage can be a significant finding with implications for human disease.

## Avoidance of inbreeding depression

Allogamy ordinarily involves cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals leading to the masking of deleterious recessive alleles in progeny. By contrast, close inbreeding, including self-fertilization in plants and automictic parthenogenesis in hymenoptera, tends to lead to the harmful expression of deleterious recessive alleles (inbreeding depression).
In dioecious plants, the stigma may receive pollen from several different potential donors. As multiple pollen tubes from the different donors grow through the stigma to reach the ovary, the receiving maternal plant may carry out pollen selection favoring pollen from less related donor plants. Thus post-pollination selection may occur in order to promote allogamy and avoid inbreeding depression. Also, seeds may be aborted selectively depending on donor–recipient relatedness.
# Allogaster

Allogaster is a genus of beetles in the longhorn beetle family. Its first appearance was believed to be around 125.45 million years ago. They are mainly found in sub-Saharan Africa.
These beetles tend to be medium-sized, with gray or brown wooden bucks and long antennae. The antennae tends to be longer than the body.

## Species

These eight species belong to the genus Allogaster:
* Allogaster aethiopicus Adlbauer, 1999 (Eritrea , Ethiopia)
* Allogaster bicolor Duffy, 1952 (DR Congo)
* Allogaster drumonti Adlbauer, 2010 (DR Congo)
* Allogaster geniculatus Thomson, 1864 (sub-Saharan Africa)
* Allogaster inarmatus Adlbauer, 2019 (Mozambique)
* Allogaster niger Jordan, 1894 (Nigeria)
* Allogaster nigripennis Aurivillius, 1915 (Sudan)
* Allogaster unicolor Gahan, 1890 (Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, and South Africa)
# Alligator Lake

Alligator Lake
* Alligator Lake (Desha County, Arkansas)
* Alligator Lake (Miller County, Arkansas)
* Alligator Lake (Prairie County, Arkansas)
* Alligator Lake (North Carolina)
* Alligator Lake, Yukon, a lake in Yukon
* Alligator Lake, Texas, a lake in Texas
* Alligator Lake, Osceola County, Florida, a lake in Florida
* Alligator Lake, Columbia County, Florida, a lake in Florida
* Alligator Lake Volcanic Complex, a volcano in Yukon
# Alligator Peak, British Columbia

Alligator Peak is located just southwest of Twin Lakes. This forested massif has been subjected to heavy logging and there are logging roads on all sides. Access is via logging roads north of Hatzic, past Davis Lake to the Lost Creek drainage. From a road that runs to Twin Lakes, take a west fork that runs almost right to the summit.
Alligator Peak was named after Alligator Point on Stave Lake.
| Specifics | Info |
| Name | Alligator Peak |
| Height | 822m |
| Height Report Prominence | 2697 feet |
| Line Parent | 372 m |
| Terepocki Peak | 6 km away, at bearing 44 degrees |
| Ranges | Pacific Cordillera / Coast Mountains / Pacific Ranges / Chehalis Group |
| Location | 49.34611, -122.26500 49:20:46, -122:15:54 10U 553386 5466192 (6 km N of Davis Lake). (24 km N of Mission). |
| NTS Mapsheet | 092.G.08 Located on the east side of Stave Lake near Alligator point and Flat Point |
# Remote call forwarding

In telecommunications, remote call forwarding is a service feature that allows incoming calls to be forwarded to a remote call forwarding number, such as a cell phone or another office location, and is designated by the call receiver.
Customers may have a remote-forwarding telephone number in a central switching office without having any other local telephone service in that office.
One common purpose for this service is to enable customers to retain their telephone number when they move to a location serviced by a different telephone exchange. The service is useful for business customers with widely advertised numbers which appear on headed paper, vehicles and various marketing literature. When customers ring, their calls are forwarded to the new location.
Remote call forwarding is also a means for a suburban business to obtain a city-centre local number (with its full large-city coverage area) for inbound calls; while cheaper than a foreign exchange line, this can reduce long-distance telephony costs in markets where local calls are flat-rated but trunk calls are expensive.
One alternative to RCF is Caller Redirect whereby callers simply hear an intercept message notifying them that the number has changed. Another alternative is to port the existing number to a voice over IP carrier, which is not tied to a single physical location as the subscriber may be anywhere on broadband Internet. However, not all phone numbers can be ported.

## Remote Access to Call Forwarding

Remote Call Forwarding (RCF) requires neither a physical telephone set nor physical input by customer to get calls forwarded.
In this respect, it differs from the (similarly named) Remote Access to Call Forwarding in that the number is attached to a physical line where it rings normally until a call is made to a remote number to enable redirection.
To activate Remote Access to Call Forwarding, a subscriber calls a provider-supplied Remote Access Directory Number, enters the telephone number of the line to be redirected along with a personal identification number (PIN), a vertical service code (such as 72# or *73) and the number to which the calls are to be forwarded.
Remote Access to Call Forwarding allows incoming calls to be diverted and answered elsewhere if a subscriber cannot use their telephone normally (for instance, the number is assigned to a lost or stolen wireless handset or to a landline in need of repair service). In some cases, a business which subscribes to standard call forwarding (*72) may be able to request temporary redirection of inbound calls when calling a telco repair service number (such as 6-1-1) to report a line outage.
# All Together Now (1991 Australian TV series)

All Together Now was an Australian sitcom that was broadcast on Nine Network between 1991 and 1993. The premise involved an ageing rocker, played by Jon English trying to maintain his music career while living with his son and daughter. For an undetermined number of initial episodes filmed prior to public broadcast, the show title was "Rhythm and Blues" and had a different theme song.

## Cast
### Main

* Jon English as Bobby Rivers
* Rebecca Gibney as Tracy Lawson (Eps 1–86)
* Steven Jacobs as Thomas Sumner
* Jane Hall as Anna Sumner
* Garry Who as Doug Stevens (Eps 1–76)
* Bruno Lucia as Wayne Lovett
* Kerry Armstrong as Beth Sumner (Eps 85–101)

### Recurring

* Radha Mitchell as Jodie (6 episodes)

### Guests

* Georgie Parker as Brenda Beanley (1 episode)
* Ian McFadyen as Simon Carpenter
* Kym Gyngell as Louie Little (1 episode)
* Mary-Anne Fahey as Rivka Carpenter (1 episode)
* Nadine Garner as Karen Moyer (1 episode)
* Tracy Mann as Jackie Hammond (1 episode)

## Awards

At the 1992 Logie Awards, the show and its actors were nominated for four awards:
* The show (Light Entertainment/Comedy Program)
* Rebecca Gibney (Most Popular Actress, and Most Popular Light Entertainment/Comedy Female Performer)
* Jon English (Most Popular Light Entertainment/Comedy Male Performer)
The show was also nominated at the 1993 Logie Awards, for Most Popular Comedy Program, as was Jon English for Most Popular Comedy Personality.

## Home Media

Series 2 is still currently available on DVD and The Complete Series is available on Umbrella Streaming Service and Amazon Prime Video.
| Title | Format | Ep # | Discs | Region 4 (Australia) | Special Features | Distributors |
| All Together Now (Season 01) | DVD | 21 | 4 | 6 November 2013 | Goof Reel | Umbrella Entertainment |
| All Together Now (Season 02) | DVD | 23 | 4 | 5 March 2014 | Goof Reel | Umbrella Entertainment |
| All Together Now (Season 03) | DVD | 26 | 4 | 6 July 2016 | N/A | Umbrella Entertainment |
| All Together Now (Season 04) | DVD | 31 | 5 | 6 July 2016 | N/A | Umbrella Entertainment |
| All Together Now (Complete Series) | DVD | 101 | 17 | 4 July 2018 | N/A | Umbrella Entertainment |
# Renate Gebhard

Renate Gebhard (born 2 May 1977, Bolzano, Italy) is an Italian jurist and politician of South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP). She is a current member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies.

## Early life and education

She attended high school in Bolzano and later studied law at the University of Innsbruck and Padua. She graduated in 2002 and by 2006 she worked as a lawyer in Bolzano.

## Political career

In 2005 she was elected into the municipal council of Klausen and in 2013 assumed as a member of the Italian Parliament representing Trentino-Alto Adige for the SVP.

### Political positions

Since 2014 she is the spokesperson for the SVP women and as such draws attention to issues such as Equal Pay Day and gender equality. During the pandemic of Covid she positioned herself in favor of an organized education and the reopening of schools.
# Renovation Rescue

Renovation Rescue is an Australian home renovation television series which screened on the Nine Network in 2004. It was loosely based on the American television series Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, with some differences such as time and the extent of renovation.
Renovation Rescue featured a group of tradespeople renovating a house in just two days. It was hosted by Rebecca Harris, Scott Cam and Peter Everett.
# Alonso de Córdoba, Count of Alcaudete

Alfonso de Córdoba y Velasco (Tafalla (Navarra), 6 September 1512 – Tudela, 27 February 1565) was a Spanish nobleman, II Count of Alcaudete, Viceroy of Navarra, and governor of Oran.

## Biography

Alfonso was the eldest son of Martín Alonso Fernández de Córdoba Montemayor y Velasco, conde de Alcaudete and Leonor Pacheco, daughter of Diego Fernández de Córdoba y Arellano, 1st Marquis of Comares.
When his father became Governor of Oran in North Africa, he accompanied him and occasionally took over command during his father's absences when travelling to Spain. When his father was killed in the disastrous Expedition of Mostaganem (1558), Alfonso became the new governor and captain general of Oran and Mazalquivir. In 1561, Alfonso was able to finally free his younger brother Martin who had been taken prisoner by the Algerians at Mostaganem, after paying a ransom of 23,000 escudos. He reinforced the fortification and defense of the cities of Oran and Mazalquivir, which were attacked and besieged by a huge Algerian army in April 1563. In command of Oran and with his brother Martin in command of Mazalquivir, they held the cities, inflicting heavy casualties on the besiegers.
After this successful battle, Alfonso was appointed Viceroy of Navarre by King Philip II on 5 September 1564. At the end of November, Alcaudete arrived in Navarra, but died of tuberculosis a little later, without even having reached his court at Pamplona.

### Marriage and children

He married Francisca de Mendoza y Carvajal, daughter of Antonio de Mendoza, Viceroy of New Spain, and had 8 children, including :
* Alfonso, III conde de Alcaudete (1552-1590), no issue.
* Francisco, IV conde de Alcaudete (1553-1632), governor of Oran (1596-1604), had issue.

## Sources

* Real Academia de la Historia
* Geneaordonez
* Castilla.maxerco.es
# Allomnesia

Allomnesia or memory illusion is a memory disorder which involves distorted memories of a past situation. It is generally a physiological phenomenon, which is occasionally found in most subjects. Pathologically, it can occur frequently in subjects with mood disorders such as depression or mania and in those with schizophrenia, paranoia or other types of delirium. Treatment is done by identifying the cause of the disease and treating the same.
# Renzo Gracie: Legacy

Renzo Gracie: Legacy is a 2008 documentary film about Renzo Gracie, a mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter and Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner, directed by Gethin Aldous and written by Aldous, Steve Allen and Adrian Miller. Shot over a ten-year period, it shows the origins of the sport of mixed martial arts from its bare knuckle days to the explosion of the sport in Japan and America.

## Background

Renzo Gracie is from the third generation of Brazilian jiu-jitsu's Gracie family. In 1993, his uncle Rorion Gracie joined forces with Art Davie and Bob Meyrowitz to create a martial arts promotion to endorse his family's fighting style - the Ultimate Fighting Championship. The sport is now considered one of the fastest growing in the world.

## Production

The film was shot, edited, produced, and directed by Gethin Aldous. He followed Gracie over a 7-year period and another student of Gracie's, Alex Shum, followed him for 4 years before that. The film was self-distributed.

## Release

It premiered October 25, 2008 at the United States Sports Film Festival in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania., and was released on DVD on November 14, 2008, through its own website and Amazon.com.

## Reception

Paul Larkin of MMAjunkie wrote, "Gethin Aldous did a fantastic job with Legacy. He does not bore you to death with narration or beat you over the head with information.", and of the film, "...will no doubt be considered a masterpiece in the world of documentaries". Elias Cepeda of Inside Fighting wrote, "Gethin Aldous’ new documentary film Renzo Gracie: Legacy should be considered an instant classic simply on the basis of its scope and breadth", and the film "...accomplishes the rare feat of being able to both satisfy the most ardent and informed sports fan’s desire for fresh, new perspective and knowledge and serve as an understandable primer for the uninitiated."

## Cast

(as themselves)
* Renzo Gracie
* Robson Gracie
* Ryan Gracie
* Ralph Gracie
* Daniel Gracie
* B.J. Penn
* Pat Miletich
* Oleg Taktarov
* Andre Gusmão
* Kyra Gracie
* Marcio Feitosa (Uncredited)

## Additional sources

* MMA Mania, "Renzo Gracie: Legacy to premiere at the inaugural U.S. Sports Film Festival on October 25"
* Five Ounces of Pain, "New Renzo Gracie documentary to debut during film festival"
# Alpha factor

The α-factor is a dimensionless quantity used to predict the solid–liquid interface type of a material during solidification. It was introduced by physicist Kenneth A. Jackson in 1958. In his model, crystal growth with larger values of α is smooth, whereas crystals growing at smaller α (below the threshold value of 2) have rough surfaces.

## Method

According to John E. Gruzleski in his book Microstructure Development During Metalcasting (1996):
    $\alpha ={\frac {L}{kT_{\mathrm {E} }}}\cdot {\frac {\eta }{v}}$
where $L$ is the latent heat of fusion; $k$ is the Boltzmann constant; $T_{\mathrm {E} }$ is the freezing temperature at equilibrium; $\eta$ is the number of nearest neighbours an atom has in the interface plane; and $v$ is the number of nearest neighbours in the bulk solid.
As ${\frac {L}{T_{\mathrm {E} }}}=\Delta S_{f}$, where $\Delta S_{f}$ is the molar entropy of fusion of the material,
    $\alpha ={\frac {\Delta S_{f}}{k}}\cdot {\frac {\eta }{v}}$
According to Martin Glicksman in his book Principles of Solidification: An Introduction to Modern Casting and Crystal Growth Concepts (2011):
    $\alpha ={\frac {\Delta S_{f}}{R_{\mathrm {g} }}}\cdot {\frac {\eta _{1}}{Z}}$
where $R_{\mathrm {g} }$ is the universal gas constant. ${\frac {\eta _{1}}{Z}}$ is similar to previous, always ${\frac {1}{4}}<{\frac {\eta _{1}}{Z}}$ < 1.