OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New Radnor Rural District

New Radnor was, from 1894 to 1974, a rural district in the administrative county of Radnorshire, Wales.
The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1894, when the existing Kington Rural Sanitary District was divided into two: the section in Herefordshire was reconstituted as Kington Rural District, while the section in Radnorshire became New Radnor Rural District. The new district took its name from the village of New Radnor, at one time a borough and county town of Radnorshire. The council was based in Kington in Herefordshire until the last few years when it was transferred to Presteigne.
The rural district comprised fifteen civil parishes:
* Colva
* Ednol
* Evenjobb
* Gladestry
* Glascwm
* Harpton and Wolfpits
* Kinnerton, Salford and Badland
* Llandeglau
* Llanfihangel Nant Melan
* Michaelchurch on Arrow
* New Radnor
* Newchurch
* Old Radnor and Burlingjobb
* Trewern and Gwailtha
* Walton and Womaston
The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, which completely reorganised local administration in England and Wales. Its area became part of the District of Radnor in the new county of Powys.
# Net6

Net6 was a startup founded in 2000 that created products in Security, Voice over IP VoIP protocols and SSL VPN.

## History

Net6 was originally called WebUnwired and was founded in 2000 by Murli Thirumale (an Ex VP and GM at Hewlett-Packard), Goutham Rao (an Operating Systems Architect at Intel), Jon Thies and Russell Lentini. Thirumale was the CEO of Net6 and Rao was the CTO and Chief Architect. The company originally focused on secure application access from mobile devices, and later shifted focus toward VoIP protocols and SSL VPN technology. The company created two hardware appliances called the Application Gateway for VoIP and the Access Gateway for SSL VPNs.

## Partnerships

Net6 secured OEM deals for its product lines in 2000 from Cisco Systems. In 2002 and 2003, Net6 added further OEMs for its product lines from Nortel Networks, Avaya Systems and Siemens. Net6 primarily sold its products through their partner channels.

## Funding

* In 2000, Net6, then known as WebUnwired secured $8M in series 'A' funding from Sierra Ventures and Olympic Venture Partners.
* In 2004, Net6 raised an additional $8M in series B funding from Bank of America venture partners.

## Acquisition

In December 2004, Net6 Inc was acquired by Citrix Systems for $50M. The acquisition marked Citrix's entry into the telecommunications security space, and Citrix continues to market the Access Gateway product under the Citrix Access Gateway(tm) product name, led by the management team of Murli Thirumale (CEO), Goutham Rao (CTO), Russell Lentini and Jon Thies (Principal Architects), Gordon Payne (VP of Marketing) and Joe Eskew (VP of Sales).
# Glacier growing

Glacier growing, artificial glaciation or glacier grafting, is a practice carried out in the Hindu Kush and Himalaya regions aimed at creating small new glaciers to increase water supply for crops and in some cases to sustain micro hydro power. In order to encourage the growth of a glacier local farmers acquire ice from naturally occurring glaciers, and carry it to high altitude areas where the ice is put inside a small cave dug out in a scree-slope. Along with the ice other ingredients such as water, salt, sawdust, wheat husks and charcoal are also placed at the site. The use of glacier grafting is an old skill of the mountain farmers of Baltistan and Gilgit, where it is used for irrigation purposes since at least the 19th century. This technique was described by Lieutenant David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer (1876–1962) in the 1920s. Allegedly glacier grafting also has been used to block mountain passes.

## Background

In the high Himalaya water is the limiting factor for agriculture and many farmers experience scarcity of water in late autumn - a period critical to the maturation of crops. Farmers living in watersheds without glaciers are especially vulnerable since they largely depend on snow melt for irrigation, in contrast to other areas where glaciers are a reliable source of water. In such communities glacier grafting is often attempted as a means to encourage the growth of new glaciers and thus ensure the existence of water resources.

## Procedures

The first step involves looking for a suitable location to glacier growing. The preferred terrain, according to glacier growers in Baltistan and Gilgit, is in shadowed scree-slopes overlooked by steep headwalls. Commonly the sites are located between 4,000 and 5,000 metres above sea level. Such locations are susceptible to snowfall and avalanches during winter and spring, creating an environment conducive to the accumulation of ice.
Ice is transported in baskets of woven willow twigs by teams of two and two, who take turns to carry the baskets. This usually involves ascents from lower lying valleys (around 2,000-3,000 metres above sea level) up to the site selected for the glacier growing.
Similar efforts are being carried out by the noted engineer Chewang Norphel, in the adjacent Ladakh region.
# Gizy

Gizy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Ian McInerney

Ian Dominic McInerney (born 26 January 1964) is a former professional footballer, who played for Newcastle Blue Star, Huddersfield Town, Stockport County, Rochdale (loan), Morecambe, Runcorn, Halifax Town and Leigh RMI.
# Ice skating in India

Ice skating is popular in North India in places like Ladakh, Kashmir and Shimla where cold weather occurs and it is possible to skate outdoors. Much of India has a tropical climate, hence in the rest of the country, ice skating is limited to the few artificial rinks available. An ice skating festival is organised in Shimla every year.

## Indoor ice rinks in India

Indoor ice skating rinks are present in the following places:
* Doon Ice Skating Rink 60m x 30m Olympic size has a seating capacity of 3000. Located at Maharana Pratap Sports Complex, Raipur, Dehradun.
* Essel World, Mumbai (Near Borivali).
* iSKATE located on 6th floor of Ambience Mall, Gurugram.
* Neptune Magnet Mall, Lower Powai, L.B.S. Marg, Bhandup (W), Mumbai.
* Atria the millennium mall, Dr Annie Besant Rd, Worli, Mumbai.[Not Present]
* Sparkys Ice Skating at Lulu international shopping mall, Edappally, Kochi.

## Outdoor ice rinks in India

* Shimla Ice Skating Rink, Circular Road, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.
* Gulmarg under Ministry of Tourism, Jammu and Kashmir Government.
* Leh, Ladakh UT.
* Kargil, Ladakh UT.
# New Copper Penny

New Copper Penny was a nightclub located at the intersection of Southeast 92nd Avenue and Foster Road in Portland's Lents neighborhood, in the U.S. state of Oregon.
As of December 2016, the building has now been demolished to make way for re-development into apartments.

## Description

New Copper Penny was a bar and nightclub in Portland's Lents neighborhood. The business had a 10-foot tall neon sign of a Lincoln cent.

## History

Owner Saki Tzantarmas started New Copper Penny after purchasing a bar in 1972. He died in 2017.
In 2014, Molly Young of The Oregonian described New Copper Penny as "a frequent trouble spot, according to neighborhood leaders, who say state regulators should step in to ensure against more incidents".
New Copper Penny was sold to a real estate developer in 2016. Owners applied to operate a business across the street.
# New Corinth, Tennessee

New Corinth is an unincorporated community in Grainger County, Tennessee, United States. New Corinth is 6 miles (9.7 km) east-northeast of Blaine.
# New Glasgow (disambiguation)

New Glasgow may refer to:

## Places

* New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Canada
* New Glasgow, Prince Edward Island, Canada
* New Glasgow, Quebec, a former village that merged into Sainte-Sophie, Quebec in 2000
* New Glasgow, Virginia, renamed Clifford, Virginia
# Ignacio Rodríguez Galván

Ignacio Rodríguez Galván (22 March 1816–25 July 1842) is considered to be the first Mexican Romantic writer. He was born in Tizayuca, Hidalgo, Mexico in 1816 and died in Havana, Cuba in 1842 at age 26 from yellow fever. During his short life, much of his poetry and plays were concerned with the political situation in Mexico and include works such as Profecía de Guatimoc, Al baile del señor Presidente, Adiós, oh patria mía and La gota de hiel. He also founded a newspaper called Año Nuevo, writing for it as well.
The Ignacio Rodríguez Galván International Poetry Festival is held annually in his hometown of Tizayuca.
# Ibrāhīm Sakjahā

Ibrāhīm Sakjahā (Arabic: إبراهيم سكجها ) (1991–1926) was the leader of the Jordanian journalists. He chaired two newspapers (The Belief) (Al Rai) and (The Constitution) (Al Dustour); moreover he founded two Jordanian newspapers (The People) (Al Sha'ab) and (The Statement) (Al Bayan) newspaper.

## Biography

Sakjahā was born in Jaffa on March 13, 1926. He started working at the age of fourteen to help support his family after his father's death in 1940. He studied at secondary school at Al-Amriya School in Jaffa.
He worked as an administrative employee in the newspaper (Palestine) and at the time was writing several articles in the same newspaper under the pseudonym (Al-Adnani Al-Saghir). In 1964, he became an editorial secretary. Sakjahā immigrated to Cairo with the Palestinian emigration in 1984. And worked there for (Rose Al-Youssef) magazine, (Al-Defaa newspaper), and (Al-Hilal house), before moving to Amman in 1949. Later, he worked as an editorial secretary for (Al-Nisr) newspaper, and (Al-Jazeera newspaper). Then, in 1953 he was elected to be a member of the board of the Jordanian Journalists Syndicate. And was elected for three consecutive terms as a captain. He released his first collection of stories called (Photos generated in Jaffa)( Sowar mobtadaha fee yaf'aa)
In 1950, Sakjahā was in charge of editing the (Latest news) (Akher Khabar), but the newspaper was shut down by a government ruling after its publication by three editions. He returned to Jerusalem to work in (Palestine) newspaper as an editing secretary for sixteen years, before returning to Amman in year 1967. In 1987, he traveled to the United Arab Emirates, Dubai to establish Al Bayan newspaper which he edited for two years. Returned to Amman to become the chief editor of (Opinion) (Al Ra’i), (Voice of the People) (Sawt Al Shaab), and (The constitution) (Al Dustour) newspapers until 1988.

## Publications

* (First Pictures from Jaffa), short stories, Ministry of Culture, Amman, 1982

## Death

Ibrāhīm Sakjahā died on 28 July 1991 in Amman at the age of sixty-six years old.
# Ibrıcak, Gerede

Ibrıcak is a village in the Gerede District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 364 (2021).
# New Shade of Blue

"New Shade of Blue" is a song written by John McFee and Andre Pessis, and recorded by American country music group Southern Pacific. It was released in July 1988 as the second single from the album Zuma. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 2 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1988) | Position |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 5 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 39 |
# New Shapes of Life

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 71/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Clash | 9/10 |
| Pitchfork | 7.5/10 |
New Shapes of Life is the third studio album by musician Martin Carr under his own name after releasing six solo albums under the name bravecaptain from 2000 to 2004. It was released on 27 October 2017 through Tapete Records.
# Global Baseball Games

The Global Baseball Games, billed as the Carnext Samurai Japan Series for sponsorship purposes, are an international exhibition baseball series played between Samurai Japan and a team of European All-Stars. The series is typically played in Japan in the same year as the WBSC Premier12 tournament.
The first edition of the series was played in 2015, then known as the Global Baseball Match, and was the debut of Team Europe in international competition. The next edition was played in 2024, at the Kyocera Dome in Osaka. In the second game, six Japanese pitchers combined to throw a perfect game.

## Games
### 2015

| March 10, 2015 | Europe | 3 – 4 | Japan | Tokyo Dome, Tokyo |
| March 10, 2015 | LP: Loek van Mil | Boxscore | WP: Katsuki Matayoshi Sv: Yuji Nishino | Tokyo Dome, Tokyo |
| March 10, 2015 | Japan | 2 – 6 | Europe | Tokyo Dome, Tokyo |
| March 10, 2015 | LP: Takahiro Matsuba | Boxscore | WP: Luke Sommer [de] | Tokyo Dome, Tokyo |
| March 10, 2015 | | Boxscore | HR: Yurendell DeCaster | Tokyo Dome, Tokyo |

### 2024

| March 6, 2024 | Europe | 0 – 5 | Japan | Kyocera Dome, Osaka |
| March 6, 2024 | LP: Tom de Blok | Boxscore | WP: Kaima Taira | Kyocera Dome, Osaka |
| March 7, 2024 | Japan | 2 – 0 | Europe | Kyocera Dome, Osaka |
| March 7, 2024 | WP: Yumeto Kanemaru Sv: Atsuki Taneichi | Boxscore | LP: Markus Solbach | Kyocera Dome, Osaka |
# Iisaku Parish

Iisaku Parish was a rural municipality of Ida-Viru County in northern Estonia. It had a population of 1425 and an area of 258 km².

## Settlements
### Small borough

Iisaku

### Villages

Alliku - Imatu - Jõuga - Kasevälja - Kauksi - Koldamäe - Kuru - Lipniku - Lõpe - Pootsiku - Sõrumäe - Sälliku - Taga-Roostoja - Tammetaguse - Tärivere - Vaikla - Varesmetsa
59°06′05″N 27°18′29″E﻿ / ﻿59.10139°N 27.30806°E﻿ / 59.10139; 27.30806
* This Ida-Viru County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Iisakki Hoikka

Iisakki Hoikka (2 April 1840 - 6 December 1917) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Kemi. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1882 to 1899 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1908 and again from 1909 to 1910, representing the Finnish Party.
# The Wormworld Saga

The Wormworld Saga is a webcomic and graphic novel series by German graphics artist Daniel Lieske. Styled after 1980s fantasy films and Studio Ghibli films, the first chapter of the webcomic was published on Christmas Eve 2010. The Wormworld Saga presents the story of Jonas, a child who makes his way through a magical portal and finds himself lost in a fantasy world. Lieske is supported largely through Kickstarter, and The Wormworld Saga has been translated and published in various countries.

## Synopsis

The Worldworld Saga features the story of Jonas, a child who escapes into his vivid daydreams while reeling from the loss of his mother. After making his way through a magical portal inside his grandmother's strange painting, Jonas finds himself lost in a fantasy world, unable to return. Here, the child finds a giant dragon trapped inside of a mountain, and a mysterious Firelord who rises from the fires of Worm Mountain.

## Development

Unlike most webcomics, Lieske releases The Wormworld Saga in large one-chapter chunks, finishing one to four chapters per year. Each chapter of The Wormworld Saga is presented as a continuous scroll, inspired by Scott McCloud's infinite canvas. The first chapter of Lieske's webcomic went live during Christmas 2010, and reached over a quarter-million views and translations into various languages within a month after launch. The Wormworld Saga is styled after 1980s fantasy films such as The Neverending Story and The Goonies, and is also strongly influenced by Studio Ghibli films like Princess Mononoke and Spirited Away. Lieske originally planned for the entire saga to be between 45 and 60 chapters.
In March 2011, Lieske launched a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign to raise money for an iOS and Android app to showcases the artwork of the webcomic. Lieske posted chapters 3, 4, and 5 of The Wormworld Saga in 2012 and 2013 before being forced to put the project on hiatus and switch to freelance work. The revenue stream of the webcomic did not yield enough for Lieske to continue working on it until a French publisher picked up his book. Lieske released chapter 6 of The Wormworld Saga in August, 2014, and at this point the mobile app proved insufficient for Lieske's needs. Taking the app down, Lieske launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund the production of a first volume of The Wormworld Saga in print, containing chapters 1–3. This campaign reached more than triple its goal after 1071 backers pledged $44,089. This first volume contains chapters 1–3. A Kickstarter campaign for The Wormworld Saga Book Edition Volume 2 was launched on April 12, 2015. The campaign reached its goal of $18,000 on April 15, 2015. On May 12, 2015 the campaign ended successfully, after 940 backers pledged $46,049. This volume contains chapters 4–5.
In May 2018, Lion Forge Comics began publishing The Wormworld Saga in print in the United States.
# Hilbert's twenty-third problem

Hilbert's twenty-third problem is the last of Hilbert problems set out in a celebrated list compiled in 1900 by David Hilbert. In contrast with Hilbert's other 22 problems, his 23rd is not so much a specific "problem" as an encouragement towards further development of the calculus of variations. His statement of the problem is a summary of the state-of-the-art (in 1900) of the theory of calculus of variations, with some introductory comments decrying the lack of work that had been done of the theory in the mid to late 19th century.

## Original statement

The problem statement begins with the following paragraph:
   So far, I have generally mentioned problems as definite and special as possible.... Nevertheless, I should like to close with a general problem, namely with the indication of a branch of mathematics repeatedly mentioned in this lecture-which, in spite of the considerable advancement lately given it by Weierstrass, does not receive the general appreciation which, in my opinion, it is due—I mean the calculus of variations.

## Calculus of variations

Calculus of variations is a field of mathematical analysis that deals with maximizing or minimizing functionals, which are mappings from a set of functions to the real numbers. Functionals are often expressed as definite integrals involving functions and their derivatives. The interest is in extremal functions that make the functional attain a maximum or minimum value – or stationary functions – those where the rate of change of the functional is zero.

## Progress

Following the problem statement, David Hilbert, Emmy Noether, Leonida Tonelli, Henri Lebesgue and Jacques Hadamard among others made significant contributions to the calculus of variations. Marston Morse applied calculus of variations in what is now called Morse theory. Lev Pontryagin, Ralph Rockafellar and F. H. Clarke developed new mathematical tools for the calculus of variations in optimal control theory. The dynamic programming of Richard Bellman is an alternative to the calculus of variations.
# Eurasian pygmy shrew

The Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus), often known simply as the pygmy shrew, is a widespread shrew of the northern Palearctic.

## Description

It measures about 5 cm (2.0 in) in length, not including the 3.5 cm (1.4 in) tail, and has an average weight of 4 g (0.14 oz).The hair on the back is blackish with shades ranging from reddish to purplish, very dense and shiny: the belly, throat, jaw, periocular area and lower part of the tail are contrasted whitish. The muzzle and legs are covered with sparse white hair (vibrissae in the muzzle ), while the skin is flesh colored: the ears are small and half hidden by the hair, they are dark flesh colored and shaped like a semicircle. In this species the head is larger in proportion to the body than in other shrews. It may be confused with Eurasian least shrew and the Etruscan shrew.

## Behaviour

Eurasian pygmy shrews are solitary animals, active throughout the day and night and inhabiting areas of dense vegetation across a broad elevation range. It lives off seeds, small insects and other invertebrates. They use the burrows or tunnels of other rodents to live in, alone they burrow under tree stumps.They have many predators. The whole life is spent on a few hundred square metres where they establish trackways.The Eurasian pygmy shrew has one of the highest metabolic rates of any animal; to maintain homeostasis, it must eat every two hours. Due to this, it eats up to 125% of its body weight (about four grams) each day. They are active for 24 hours per day in very short periods interspersed with sleep (say, 15 minutes of activity followed by 15 minutes of sleep).

## Breeding

The breeding season lasts from April through to August. Females usually produce between two and eight young per litter and care for the young in an underground nest. Since the gestation period is just over three weeks, they can have up to five litters in one year, though the life span of a pygmy shrew is a little over 15 months.
# Savennes

Savennes may refer to the following places in France:
* Savennes, Creuse, a commune in the Creuse department
* Savennes, Puy-de-Dôme, a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department
# Staunton Township, Macoupin County, Illinois

Staunton Township (S1⁄2 T7N R6W) is located in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,795 and it contained 2,611 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 18.27 square miles (47.3 km$^2$), of which 18.13 square miles (47.0 km$^2$) (or 99.23%) is land and 0.14 square miles (0.36 km$^2$) (or 0.77%) is water.

## Adjacent townships

* Mount Olive Township (north)
* Walshville Township, Montgomery County (east)
* New Douglas Township, Madison County (southeast)
* Olive Township, Madison County (south)
* Dorchester Township (west)
# Rachel's Vineyard

Rachel's Vineyard is an American organization offering weekend retreats for women who have had abortions and for others, including men, who believe that they have been hurt by abortion. It is named after Rachel in the Bible, who weeps "for her lost children".
Rachel's Vineyard is funded by Priests for Life and has a broadly Roman Catholic ethos with a Catholic Mass celebrated as an integral part of the retreat, but also runs non-denominational retreats for non-Catholics.

## History

In 1996, Theresa Karminski Burke started one of the first therapeutic support groups for women who had had abortions. Later, she founded Rachel’s Vineyard, together with her husband, Kevin Burke. Burke's Rachel's Vineyard: A Psychological and Spiritual Journey for Post Abortion Healing (written with Barbara Cullen) was published in 1994 as a support group model for counselors helping women with post abortion grief. Four Rachel's Vineyard retreats were conducted in 1995 and by the end of 2002 over 130 had been held. In 2003, Rachel’s Vineyard was reorganised and became a ministry of Priests for Life, with Frank Pavone as the Pastoral Director. A retreat is generally designed for about a dozen clients and a priest and a licensed therapist are typically present.
In June 2002, Burke and David Reardon published a book titled Forbidden Grief, a review of Burke's experience in counseling women for abortion-related emotional problems.
In 2003, Bernadette Goulding founded the Irish chapter of Rachel's Vineyard, and in 2011 founded Women Hurt, a similar organisation, with less focus on Catholicism.
As of 2014, Rachel's Vineyard held over 1,000 retreats annually, in 48 U.S. states and 70 countries.
Rachel's Vineyard retreats are hosted by church based ministries, counseling outreach programs, Project Rachel offices, Respect Life groups, and crisis pregnancy centers. They are offered in both Catholic and interdenominational settings.