OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Synod of Oxford

The Synod of Oxford was held on 9 May 1222, at Osney Abbey, in Oxford, England. It was a council of the (Catholic) church in England, convened by Archbishop Stephen Langton. It is notable for a number of the decisions taken and canon laws set.
During the Synod, "harsh anti-Jewish laws" were enacted: "social relations between Jews and Christians were blocked; church tithes were levied against Jews, and English Jews were forced to wear an identifying badge. The construction of new synagogues was also prevented."
For many centuries, it was thought that the decision that Saint George's Day should be celebrated as a holy day in England was made at this Synod. However, since the 1960s, this has been regarded by historians as an invention.

## The Synod

Langton's ambition was to reform the English church, especially with regard to monastic law. The Synod also established celebration of the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ on 1 January, building on long-established celebrations of the start of the Julian calendar year.
The Synod also followed and implemented the anti-Jewish decrees laid out by the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215.

## Saint George's Day

For many centuries, it was thought that the Synod set the celebration of 23 April as Saint George's Day on a par with other Christian feast days, although it stopped short of declaring St George the patron saint of England, which did not happen until 1347. However, in 1961, historian C. R. Cheney published research in the Bulletin of Historical Research, followed by further published research in 1964, that "conclusively refuted ... [this] misapprehension", based on showing that the earliest surviving manuscripts of the synod's declaration do not mention the feast of St. George. Nonetheless, modern sources sometimes still continue to assert the connection.

## Legacy

According to the Diocese of Oxford, these "prejudicial" laws passed at Oxford in 1222 were the precursor to further anti-Jewish statutes, in particular those passed in 1253 and 1275. This increasing intolerance culminated in the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290.

## 2022 anniversary

In May 2022, to mark the 800th anniversary of the Synod, a service was held at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. There, representatives of Christians and Jews met. Although the Church of England as currently constituted dates to the 16th-century English Reformation, it claims continuity with the pre-Reformation English church, and Anglican leaders have insisted on the importance of an apology. Archbishop Justin Welby said on Twitter that "it was an opportunity to 'remember, repent and rebuild'."
# Jeff Akoh

Jeff Ufedo Akoh listen (born October 27, 1996) is a Nigerian singer. Jeff rose to prominence after winning the eighth season of Project Fame West Africa, a popular singing reality TV competition which was held in late 2015. He won the competition at the age of 18, making him the youngest winner so far. Shortly after, Jeff was offered a management deal with 960 Music Group and Ultima Productions.
Jeff is currently signed to Temple Music, under the umbrella of Temple Management company. In 2017, he released a 16 track album titled 'Lokoja'. In 2018 he followed up with an E.P titled 'I Do' whose lead single 'I Do' garnered 1 million streams on YouTube

## Early life

Jeff was born and bred in the Nigerian capital, Abuja. He attended Shining Star Nursery and Primary School, Abuja and later, Federal Government Boys College, Garki, Abuja.
In 2010, Jeff and his brother, Fred Akoh contested as a duo on Glo Naija Sings when he was 13 where they finished off in the Top 10. He thereafter went to SAE Institute, Cape Town, South Africa where he graduated as a Sound Engineer before winning Project Fame. Jeff has two siblings, a brother and sister who are both musically adept.
# 1990 European Athletics Championships – Men's 800 metres

These are the official results of the Men's 800 metres event at the 1990 European Championships in Split, Yugoslavia, held at Stadion Poljud on 27, 28, and 29 August 1990.

## Medalists

| Gold | Tom McKean United Kingdom |
| Silver | David Sharpe United Kingdom |
| Bronze | Piotr Piekarski Poland |

## Results
### Final

29 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Tom McKean | United Kingdom | 1:44.76 |
| | David Sharpe | United Kingdom | 1:45.59 |
| | Piotr Piekarski | Poland | 1:45.76 |
| 4 | Andrey Sudnik | Soviet Union | 1:45.81 |
| 5 | Slobodan Popović | Yugoslavia | 1:45.90 |
| 6 | Tonino Viali | Italy | 1:46.04 |
| 7 | Giuseppe D'Urso | Italy | 1:47.29 |
| 8 | Matthew Yates | United Kingdom | 1:48.42 |

### Semi-finals

28 August

#### Semi-final 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Tonino Viali | Italy | 1:45.64 | Q |
| 2 | Slobodan Popović | Yugoslavia | 1:45.79 | Q |
| 3 | David Sharpe | United Kingdom | 1:45.82 | Q |
| 4 | Andrey Sudnik | Soviet Union | 1:45.89 | q |
| 5 | Matthew Yates | United Kingdom | 1:46.61 | q |
| 6 | Atle Douglas | Norway | 1:47.04 | |
| 7 | Ryszard Ostrowski | Poland | 1:48.22 | |
| 8 | Luis Javier González | Spain | 1:50.79 | |

#### Semi-final 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Piotr Piekarski | Poland | 1:47.45 | Q |
| 2 | Tom McKean | United Kingdom | 1:47.49 | Q |
| 3 | Giuseppe D'Urso | Italy | 1:47.77 | Q |
| 4 | Slobodan Miolović | Yugoslavia | 1:47.94 | |
| 5 | Alberto Barsotti | Italy | 1:48.13 | |
| 6 | Robin van Helden | Netherlands | 1:48.26 | |
| 7 | Tomás De Teresa | Spain | 1:48.73 | |
| 8 | Frédéric Selle | France | 1:49.98 | |

### Heats

27 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Andrey Sudnik | Soviet Union | 1:49.71 | Q |
| 2 | Tom McKean | United Kingdom | 1:49.87 | Q |
| 3 | Giuseppe D'Urso | Italy | 1:49.91 | Q |
| 4 | Frédéric Selle | France | 1:49.94 | Q |
| 5 | Ryszard Ostrowski | Poland | 1:50.05 | q |
| 6 | Ari Suhonen | Finland | 1:50.25 | |
| 7 | Markus Trinkler | Switzerland | 1:50.32 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Tonino Viali | Italy | 1:46.94 | Q |
| 2 | Slobodan Miolović | Yugoslavia | 1:47.14 | Q |
| 3 | Matthew Yates | United Kingdom | 1:47.43 | Q |
| 4 | Atle Douglas | Norway | 1:47.52 | Q |
| 5 | Tomás De Teresa | Spain | 1:47.83 | q |
| 6 | Miroslav Chochkov | Bulgaria | 1:50.68 | |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Piotr Piekarski | Poland | 1:48.08 | Q |
| 2 | David Sharpe | United Kingdom | 1:48.30 | Q |
| 3 | Robin van Helden | Netherlands | 1:48.40 | Q |
| 4 | Luis Javier González | Spain | 1:48.42 | Q |
| 5 | Slobodan Popović | Yugoslavia | 1:48.43 | q |
| 6 | Alberto Barsotti | Italy | 1:49.22 | q |
| 7 | Jose Arconada | Spain | 1:50.24 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.
* Bulgaria (1)
* Finland (1)
* France (1)
* Italy (3)
* Netherlands (1)
* Norway (1)
* Poland (2)
* Soviet Union (1)
* Spain (3)
* Switzerland (1)
* United Kingdom (3)
* Yugoslavia (2)
# Non-lifting sign

The non-lifting sign is a finding on endoscopic examination that provides information on the suitability of large flat or sessile colorectal polyps for polypectomy by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). When fluid is injected under a polyp in preparation for endoscopic mucosal resection, some polyps do not "lift", indicating that the polyp is not separating from the submucosa. This makes polypectomy more technically difficult, and increases the risk of intestinal perforation if polypectomy is then attempted. It is also thought to be indicative of an early colorectal cancer that has invaded the submucosa significantly (sm3 – invasion down to the lower one-third of the submucosa), which would make surgical removal of the tumour preferable to allow complete removal of the cancer. Consequently, the non-lifting sign is generally considered to be a contraindication to performing endoscopic mucosal resection.

## History

The non-lifting sign was first described in 1994 by Yoshiharu Uno and Akihiro Munakata of the Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
In 1999 the same team showed that the presence of a non-lifting sign correlated with the depth of invasion of the submucosa by early colorectal cancers that were being considered for endoscopic resection. The tumours which did lift when fluid was injected were found to be less invasive than those that did not (sm1 or sm2 - invasion confined to the upper two-thirds of the submucosa, with at least 1mm of uninvolved submucosa underneath). It is thought that the non-lifting sign is due to fibrosis around the tumour causing tethering of the tumour to the muscularis mucosae.
Subsequent research suggested that the non-lifting sign is less accurate in determining depth of tumour invasion than the assessment of tumours by the endoscopist, but still suggests that the presence of the sign makes endoscopic resection technically difficult. However, more recently it has been found that fibrosis may be caused when a tumour is biopsied before endoscopic mucosal resection is attempted, which leads to a false positive non-lifting sign and therefore reduces the apparent accuracy of the sign. The authors, therefore, recommended avoidance of biopsy of the lesions if EMR is to be attempted, and if biopsies have been taken the time before EMR is attempted should be minimised.
# 1991 Yemeni constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Yemen on 15 and 16 May 1991. The new constitution was reportedly approved by 98.5% of voters, with a 72.2% turnout.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 1,341,247 | 98.5 |
| Against | 20,409 | 1.5 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 3,132 | – |
| Total | 1,364,788 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,890,646 | 72.2 |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||
# Nora at the Altar-Rail

Nora at the Altar-Rail is a one-act opera by Jay Anthony Gach, to a libretto by Royce Vavrek. The libretto is based on the Book of Genesis and inspired by Thomas Hardy's poem "At the Altar-Rail" which is prominently featured in the piece.
Written while Vavrek and Gach were in residence at the American Lyric Theater, the opera was performed in concert in the Leonard Nimoy Thalia Theatre in the Symphony Space in Manhattan, New York, on 7 January 2008.

## Roles and role creators

* Nora (soprano), Colleen McGrath
* Anders (tenor), Edwin Vega
* Lars (baritone), Christopher Burchett

## Scenes

* Prologue, North Dakota — Nora
* Scene 1, The kitchen in the farmhouse — Lars, Nora
* Scene 2, The bookstore in town — Anders, Nora
* Scene 3, The living room in the farm house Lars, Nora
Duration: 20 minutes.
# Nono, Ecuador

Nono is a rural parish in the municipality of Quito in the Province of Pichincha, Ecuador.
# 1991–92 Polska Liga Hokejowa season

The 1991–92 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 57th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Unia Oswiecim won the championship.

## First round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Polonia Bytom | 18 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 95:38 | 30 |
| 2. | Unia Oświęcim | 18 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 110:55 | 29 |
| 3. | Podhale Nowy Targ | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 108:32 | 28 |
| 4. | Naprzód Janów | 18 | 12 | 0 | 6 | 91:60 | 24 |
| 5. | Towimor Torun | 18 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 83:74 | 19 |
| 6. | GKS Tychy | 18 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 85:79 | 17 |
| 7. | GKS Katowice | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 95:95 | 16 |
| 8. | KS Cracovia | 18 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 50:90 | 10 |
| 9. | Zofiowka Jasztrebie | 18 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 57:121 | 7 |
| 10. | Zagłębie Sosnowiec | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 27:157 | 0 |

## Final round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | Podhale Nowy Targ | 28 | 23 | 0 | 5 | 156:52 | 46 |
| 2. | Polonia Bytom | 28 | 21 | 1 | 6 | 127:62 | 43 |
| 3. | Unia Oświęcim | 28 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 153:87 | 40 |
| 4. | Naprzód Janów | 28 | 15 | 0 | 13 | 116:105 | 30 |
| 5. | GKS Tychy | 28 | 12 | 2 | 14 | 116:117 | 26 |
| 6. | Towimor Torun | 28 | 10 | 2 | 16 | 103:114 | 22 |

## Qualification round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 7. | GKS Katowice | 22 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 132:109 | 22 |
| 8. | KS Cracovia | 22 | 7 | 2 | 13 | 71:108 | 16 |
| 9. | Zofiowka Jasztrebie | 22 | 3 | 1 | 18 | 65:155 | 7 |

## Playoffs
### Quarterfinals

* Polonia Bytom - GKS Katowice 2:1 (2:0, 1:6, 5:1)
* Unia Oświęcim - Towimor Torun 2:1 (8:1, 3:4, 3:0)
* Podhale Nowy Targ - KS Cracovia 2:0 (3:2, 3:1)
* Naprzód Janów - GKS Tychy 2:0 (3:2, 5:3)

### Semifinals

* Polonia Bytom - Unia Oświęcim 2:3 (5:0, 1:5, 5:2, 2:3, 2:3)
* Podhale Nowy Targ - Naprzód Janów 1:3 (3:2, 1:2, 2:3 SO, 2:4)

### Final

* Unia Oświęcim - Naprzód Janów 3:2 (6:4, 4:7, 4:3, 2:3, 7:1)

## Placing round
### 7th place

* GKS Tychy - Towimor Torun 3:5/4:4

### 5th place

* GKS Katowice - KS Cracovia 5:6/2:5

### 3rd place

* Podhale Nowy Targ - Polonia Bytom 3:0 (7:2, 4:2, 3:2)
# Nordhastedt

Nordhastedt is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
* Katharinenkirche
* "Ole Schriewerie"
* Maria-Jessen-School
* Train station
* Town entrance sign

## Notable people

* Friedrich Wiese (1892-1975) German Wehrmacht general during World War II
# 1989 Speedway Champions Cup

The Speedway Champions Cup was an annual motorcycle speedway competition that took place between 1986 and 1993, featuring the national champions of the sixteen participating nations. It was discontinued with the introduction of the Speedway Grand Prix in 1995.
The 1989 championship was held at Speedway Natschbach-Loipersbach in Natschbach-Loipersbach and the winner was Jan O. Pedersen from Denmark.

## Results

* May 25, 1989
* Speedway Natschbach-Loipersbach, Natschbach-Loipersbach
| Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
| | (10) Jan O. Pedersen | 15 | | | 3 | | | 3 | | | | | | 3 | | | 3 | | 3 | | | | 15 | 1 |
| | (2) Mitch Shirra | 13 | 2 | | | | | 2 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | 13 | 2 |
| | (9) Kai Niemi | 10 | | | 2 | | 3 | | | | | | 1 | | | | | 3 | | 1 | | | 10 | 3 |
| 4 | (16) Simon Wigg | 9 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | 3 | | | | | | E | | | 0 | | | 9 | 4 |
| 5 | (12) Sam Ermolenko | 9 | | | 1 | | | | | 0 | | 2 | | | 3 | | | | | | 3 | | 9 | 5 |
| 6 | (14) Roman Matoušek | 9 | | | | 0 | | 1 | | | | | 3 | | 2 | | | | | | | 3 | 9 | 6 |
| 7 | (7) Zoltan Adorjan | 9 | | 3 | | | | | 3 | | | | | 1 | 0 | | | | | 2 | | | 9 | 7 |
| 8 | (1) Klaus Lausch | 9 | 3 | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | | | | 9 | 8 |
| 9 | (8) Lars Gunnestad | 8 | | 2 | | | | | | 1 | | | 2 | | | 2 | | | 1 | | | | 8 | 9 |
| 10 | (3) Vladimir Trofimov | 7 | 1 | | | | | | 2 | | | | 0 | | | | 2 | | | | 2 | | 7 | 10 |
| 11 | (15) Per Jonsson | 5 | | | | 2 | | | 1 | | | X | | | | | | 2 | 0 | | | | 5 | 11 |
| 12 | (13) Armando Castagna | 5 | | | | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | | E | | | | | F | | 5 | 12 |
| 13 | (4) Nikolai Manev | 4 | 0 | | | | | | | 2 | | | | 0 | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | 4 | 13 |
| 14 | (6) Zenon Kasprzak | 2 | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | 1 | | | | | | | 0 | | | 1 | | 2 | 14 |
| 15 | (11) Artur Horvat | 1 | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | 0 | | | | | 1 | | | | | | 0 | 1 | 15 |
| 16 | (5) Heinrich Schatzer | 1 | | 1 | | | 0 | | | | | F | | | | | - | | | | | - | 1 | 16 |
| R1 | (R1) Robert Funk | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | 2 | 3 | R1 |
| R2 | (R2) Walter Nebel | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | R2 |
| Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
| gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
# Nordrach Clinic

The Nordrach Clinic, or Nordrach Sanatorium, was a clinic for the treatment of advanced tuberculosis in Germany. It was established in the late 19th century by Dr. Otto Walther in Nordrach in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. Some of Dr. Walther's uncustomary treatments included "overfeeding" (patients were given three daily plentiful feedings of milk, cheese, meat, sweets, starches, and fruits), the complete abstinence from any drugs (save morphine for the critically ill), and plentiful rest. The rooms of the clinic, located at 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level, had an abundance of open windows to expose patients to the putative positive effects of winds.
The Nordrach Clinic was small, housing a maximum of fifty patients, and very expensive. News of the successes of Nordrach soon spread and helped give rise to the sanatorium business in nearby Switzerland, a country whose landscape was much more suited to the high altitude and fresh wind regimen stressed by Nordrach. The Nordrach experiment also gave rise to several "mini Nordrachs", most notably Nordrach-in-Mendip, Nordach-on-Dee and Nordrach-in-Wales.
Nordrach thrived as a sanatorium for people with tuberculosis through the early 1930s. However, as a Jew, Otto Walther came under increased scrutiny by the National Socialist (Nazi) Party after it came to power in Germany in 1933 and the clinic was eventually forced to close.
# 1992 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship

The 1992 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 27th edition of the World Championship The Championship was held on 7/8 March, 1992 in Frankfurt in Germany.
Yuri Ivanov riding under the banner of the Commonwealth of Independent States (due to the Dissolution of the Soviet Union) won her third world title.

## Classification

| Pos | Rider | Pts |
| 1 | Yuri Ivanov | 28 |
| 2 | Antonin Klatovsky | 22 |
| 3 | Stefan Svensson | 21 |
| 4 | Alexander Balashov | 21 |
| 5 | Per-Olof Serenius | 19 |
| 6 | Vladimir Fedeev | 17 |
| 7 | Vladimir Sukhov | 17 |
| 8 | Ola Westlund | 17 |
| 9 | John Fredriksson | 15 |
| 10 | Aki Ali-Riihimäki | 13 |
| 11 | Nikolai Nishchenko | 11 |
| 12 | Luca Ravagnani | 9 |
| 13 | Sergei Ivanov | 8 |
| 14 | Robert-Jan Munnecom (res) | 8 |
| 15 | Ulrich Wehrle | 5 |
| 16 | Helmut Weber (res) | 5 |
| 17 | Stig-Inge Bergersen | 1 |
| 18 | Michael Lang | 0 |
# 1992 Indonesia Open (badminton)

The 1992 Indonesia Open in badminton was held in Semarang, from September 16 to September 20, 1992. It was a five-star tournament and the prize money was US$166,000.

## Venue

* GOR Jatidiri

## Final results

| Category | Winners | Runners-up | Score |
| Men's singles | Ardy Wiranata | Joko Suprianto | 15–7, 6–15, 15–9 |
| Women's singles | Ye Zhaoying | Sarwendah Kusumawardhani | 11–7, 11–6 |
| Men's doubles | Eddy Hartono & Rudy Gunawan | Ricky Subagja & Rexy Mainaky | 15–12, 15–5 |
| Women's doubles | Rosiana Tendean & Erma Sulistianingsih | Gillian Clark & Gillian Gowers | 15–12, 15–9 |
| Mixed doubles | Pär-Gunnar Jönsson & Maria Bengtsson | Aryono Miranat & Eliza Nathanael | 15–12, 11–15, 15–9 |
# 1993 Northern Transvaal Currie Cup season
## Northern Transvaal results in the 1993 Currie cup

1993 Northern Transvaal results :
| game No. | Northern Transvaal points | Opponent points | Opponent | date | Venue | Currie Cup season | Result |
| 1 | 34 | 20 | Free State | 29 May 1993 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal won |
| 2 | 15 | 37 | Eastern Province | 10 July 1993 | Boet Erasmus Stadium, Port Elizabeth | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal lost |
| 3 | 16 | 19 | Transvaal | 17 July 1993 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal lost |
| 4 | 20 | 40 | Natal | 24 July 1993 | King's Park, Durban | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal lost |
| 5 | 29 | 37 | Free State | 31 July 1993 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal lost |
| 6 | 27 | 14 | Western Province | 21 August 1993 | Cape Town | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal won |
| 7 | 18 | 12 | Eastern Province | 4 September 1993 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal won |
| 8 | 13 | 36 | Transvaal | 11 September 1993 | Ellispark, Johannesburg | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal lost |
| 9 | 26 | 30 | Natal | 25 September 1993 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal lost |
| 10 | 27 | 18 | Free State | 2 October 1993 | Bloemfontein | 1993 Currie Cup | Northern Transvaal won |
* Northern Transvaal did not qualify for the 1993 Currie Cup final.

## Statistics
### 1993 Currie cup log position

1993 Currie Cup Log :
| | Team | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Points For | Points Against | Points Difference | Tries For | Tries Against | Points |
| 4th | Northern Transvaal | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 225 | 263 | -38 | 20 | 26 | 8 |

### 1988 - 1993 results summary (including play off matches)

| Period | Games | Won | Drawn | Lost | Win % | Points for | Average PF | Points against | 40-49 pts | 50-99 pts | 100+ pts | Best score | Worst score against |
| 1988–1993 | 76 | 56 | 2 | 18 | 73.68% | 2097 | 27.59 | 1381 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 71-3 vs South West Africa (1989) | 54-15 vs Natal (1991) |
# 1990 Epson Singapore Super Tennis

The 1990 Epson Singapore Super Tennis, also known as Singapore Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the National Stadium in Singapore and was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament and took place from 30 April through 6 May 1990. Unseeded Kelly Jones won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

## Finals
### Singles

Kelly Jones defeated Richard Fromberg 6–4, 2–6, 7–6
* It was Jones' only singles title of the year and the 2nd and last of his career.

### Doubles

Mark Kratzmann / Jason Stoltenberg defeated Brad Drewett / Todd Woodbridge 6–1, 6–0
* It was Kratzmann's 4th doubles title of the year and the 12th of his career. It was Stoltenberg's first doubles title of his career.
# Norman Carr

Norman Joseph Carr, MBE (19 July 1912 – 1 April 1997) was a British conservationist working in Central and Southern Africa. He was influential in setting up National Parks in Malawi (Nyasaland), Zambia and Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) in the 1950s and 1960s. In Zambia, his vision of Conservation through Tourism led him to set up the country's first safari company, Norman Carr Safaris, with a focus on local employment and empowerment. He is widely regarded as the pioneer of walking safaris as part of non-consumptive tourism (photography safaris) in Africa.
Carr helped establish the Rhino Trust in the 1970s (now under the WWF), helped return two lion cubs (Big Boy & Little Boy) to the wild, and provided wildlife education to local children in the South Luangwa Valley through the Kapani School Project, which has been running since 1986.

## Conservation through tourism

Carr was a man ahead of his time; during the era when safari was a track-and-hunt tradition, Norman Carr broke the mould and created conservation-based tourism.
In 1950 he petitioned Senior Chief Nsefu - Paramount Chief of the Kunda people in the Luangwa Valley - to set aside a portion of tribal land as a Game Reserve and built the first game viewing camp open to the public in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Proceeds from this went back to the community and eco-tourism in Africa was born. His dream was to secure the future of this unique wilderness by ensuring that the local population would benefit through conservation of the wildlife and habitat of the Luangwa Valley. This led to the birth of Norman Carr Safaris, which operates 5 camps in the South Luangwa Valley.
Carr's legacy continues throughout Zambia as he inspired the next generation of conservationists, including Chris Liebenberg who founded Chongwe Safaris. Having grown up in Zambia, Liebenberg was influenced by Carr's values and wanted to replicate the conservation-through-tourism concept in the Lower Zambezi National Park. Both companies are now part of the tourist operation Time + Tide.

## Personal life

In 1940, he married Barbara Lennon, with whom he had one son and two daughters. They separated in the late 1950s.

## Death

He became sick and was taken to America where he received treatment, but died. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the famous Luangwa river. There is a monument built in his name in the depth of the South Luangwa National Park.