OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sir Thomas Gerard, 1st Baronet

Sir Thomas Gerard, 1st Baronet (1560 – 16 February 1621) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1621.
Gerard was the son of Sir Thomas Gerard, of Bryn Hall and his wife Elizabeth Port, daughter of Sir John Port, of Etwall, Derbyshire. His brother Fr. John Gerard, was later ordained a Roman Catholic priest of the Society of Jesus and operated an underground ministry in Elizabethan England. Thomas Gerard matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford on 20 July 1578, aged 18. In 1579 he was a student of the Inner Temple. His parents and brother John were Catholics and he was tutored by a Catholic. His first wife Cecily was "a recusant and indicted thereof" and he employed a "notorious recusant" to educate his child and was described as "of evil affection in religion" in 1590.
Gerard was involved in an unfortunate incident in July 1583. He and wife were looking after a young Lancashire heiress Suzanne Abraham. A fencing master who was a relation of the girl invited them to a house in London near Cecil House. While the rest of the women were playing cards, the wife of the fencing master took Suzanne Abraham upstairs where she was secretly married to a stranger to gain her fortune. Recorder Fleetwood was appalled at the case.
Nevertheless, in 1597, he was elected Member of Parliament for Liverpool. He succeeded his father to the family estates in September 1601. He was knighted on 18 April 1603. When the order of baronet was first instituted on 22 May 1611, he was created a baronet and the £1,000, that was due to the Crown for such creation, was returned in consideration of his Father's sufferings in the cause of the King's mother Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1614 he was elected MP for Lancashire. He was elected MP for Wigan in 1621.
Gerard died at the age of about 60 and was buried at St Margaret's, Westminster, on 16 February 1621.
Gerard married firstly Cecily Maney, daughter of Sir Walter Maney, of Staplehurst in about 1580, with whom he had a son and heir Thomas. He married secondly, after 1606, Mary Lee, widow of Sir Robert Lee, Lord Mayor of London, and formerly of William Smith, of London and daughter of Sir James Hawes who was also Lord Mayor. His third wife was Mary Uvedale, widow of Sir Edward Uvedale and formerly of the Hon. Anthony Browne and daughter of Sir William Dormer, of Wing, Buckinghamshire. He had no children by his second and third wives.
# Stenotarsus blatchleyi

Stenotarsus blatchleyi is a species of handsome fungus beetle in the family Endomychidae. It is found in North America.
# Fülöpháza

Fülöpháza is a village in Bács-Kiskun county, in the Southern Great Plain region of Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 47.06 km$^2$ (18 sq mi) and has a population of 841 people as of 2015.
# Aage Borchgrevink

Aage Storm Borchgrevink (born 1969) is a Norwegian human rights activist, writer and literary critic. He works at the Norwegian Helsinki Committee, where he focuses on the human rights situation in Russia, Chechnya and Georgia. He has written eight fiction and non-fiction books since his debut Arkivene. He is chair of the Norwegian Non-Fiction Writers and Translators Association.

## Career

He was born in Oslo, and graduated in literary history at the University of Oslo. His fiction releases are the novel Arkivene from 2000 and the short story collection Folkevandringer from 2004. He has written two travelogues; Eurostories. Reiser i Øst-Europa (2003) and Den usynlige krigen. Reiser i Tsjetsjenia, Ingusjetia og Dagestan (2007). As a literary critic he publishes in Vinduet and in newspapers.
Borchgrevink has worked in the Helsinki Committee in Norway since 1993 as an adviser, mainly on human rights in Russia and other post-Soviet countries. He is also chair of the Norwegian Non-Fiction Writers and Translators Association.

## Awards

In 2004 he was awarded the Ossietzky Award by the Norwegian PEN for his "outstanding promotion of free speech".
In 2012 he received the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for his biography of terrorist Anders Behring Breivik.
In 2022 he was nominated for the Brage Prize for his book about Putin, Krigsherren i Kreml – Putin og hans tid ("The War Lord in the Kremlin – Putin and his Time").
# Specklinia alexii

Specklinia alexii is a species of orchid plant native to Costa Rica, Nicaragua.
# Edward W. Hudgins

Edward Wren Hudgins (January 17, 1882 – July 29, 1958) was a Virginia lawyer, political figure and judge. From 1947 to 1958, he served as the 19th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia.

## Biography

Hudgins was born in Buckingham County, Virginia. He received his education from private tutors and public schools of his home county. At seventeen, he went to Richmond to go to college. He entered Richmond College (now University of Richmond) graduating in 1905 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. For the next year, he was the principal of a public high school and, in the fall of 1906, he entered T. C. Williams Law School at Richmond College, receiving his law degree in 1908. In order to supplement his funds while attending law school, he taught Latin in Miss Ellett's School in Richmond (now St. Catherine’s). In 1908, Judge Hudgins began his practice in Chase City, Mecklenburg County, and, in 1916, was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates from that county, serving until 1920. He was elected judge of the Thirty-Fourth Judicial Circuit in 1926. Just four years later, on January 17, 1930, he was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals, the membership of the court being increased at that time from five to seven justices. Seventeen years later, in 1947, he became Chief Justice and served on the court until his death. Justice Hudgins was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Alpha Delta.
# Read Dunes House

Read Dunes House is a historic home in Westchester Township, Porter County, Indiana. It was built in 1952, and is a one-story, Prairie School style dwelling. It measures 58 feet by 29 feet, and has a low-sloped gable roof. The house was built for Philo Benham Read (1882–1961) and his wife Irene Martin Read (1902–1981), who were active in dunes preservation. It was designed by their architect son Herbert P. Read.$^{:5}$
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
# Kanivada

Kanivada is a village in Y. Ramavaram Mandal, East Godavari district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, This Village had a population of 464, out of which 202 were male and 262 were female. Population of children below 6 years of age were 18%. The literacy rate of the village is 28%.
# Froude–Krylov force

In fluid dynamics, the Froude–Krylov force—sometimes also called the Froude–Kriloff force—is a hydrodynamical force named after William Froude and Alexei Krylov. The Froude–Krylov force is the force introduced by the unsteady pressure field generated by undisturbed waves. The Froude–Krylov force does, together with the diffraction force, make up the total non-viscous forces acting on a floating body in regular waves. The diffraction force is due to the floating body disturbing the waves.

## Formulas

The Froude–Krylov force can be calculated from:
    ${\vec {F}}_{FK}=-\iint _{S_{w}}p~{\vec {n}}~ds,$
where
* ${\vec {F}}_{FK}$ is the Froude–Krylov force,
* $S_{w}$ is the wetted surface of the floating body,
* $p$ is the pressure in the undisturbed waves and
* ${\vec {n}}$ the body's normal vector pointing into the water.
In the simplest case the formula may be expressed as the product of the wetted surface area (A) of the floating body, and the dynamic pressure acting from the waves on the body:
    $F_{FK}=A\cdot p_{dyn}$
The dynamic pressure, $p_{dyn}$, close to the surface, is given by:
    $p_{dyn}=\rho \cdot g\cdot H/2$
where
* $\rho$ is the sea water density (approx. 1030 kg/m$^3$)
* $g$ is the acceleration due to the earth's gravity (9.81 m/s$^2$)
* $H$ is the wave height from crest to trough.
# Education in the Northwest Territories

In Northwest Territories, Canada, education is governed by the Department of Education, Culture and Employment (ECE).
# Athletics at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Men's triple jump

The men's triple jump event at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was held on 4 July at the Empire Stadium in Vancouver, Canada.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Ken Wilmshurst | England | 50 ft 1+1⁄2 in (15.28 m) |
| | Peter Esiri | Nigeria | 50 ft 0+1⁄2 in (15.25 m) |
| | Brian Oliver | Australia | 49 ft 8+1⁄4 in (15.14 m) |
| 4 | George Armah | Gold Coast | 47 ft 3+1⁄2 in (14.41 m) |
| 5 | Robert McLaughlin | Canada | 47 ft 0+3⁄4 in (14.34 m) |
| 6 | Lawrence Ogwang | Uganda | 46 ft 4+1⁄4 in (14.13 m) |
| 7 | Jack Smyth | Canada | 44 ft 6 in (13.56 m) |
| 8 | Victor Cassis | Canada | 43 ft 7 in (13.28 m) |
| 9 | Thomas Skimming | Canada | 43 ft 5+1⁄4 in (13.24 m) |
# SS Princess Adelaide

SS Princess Adelaide was a passenger vessel in the coastal service fleet of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) during the first half of the 20th century.
This ship was called a "pocket liner" because she offered amenities like a great ocean liner, but on a smaller scale. The ship was part of the CPR "Princess fleet," which was composed of ships having names which began with the title "Princess". Along with SS Princess Alice, SS Princess Mary, and SS Princess Sophia, SS Princess Adelaide was one of four similar ships built for CPR during 1910–1911.

## History

SS Princess Adelaide was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan, Scotland for the Canadian Pacific Railway.
The 3,061-ton vessel had length of 290.5 feet (88.5 m), breadth of 46.1 feet (14.1 m), and depth of 15.03 feet (4.58 m).
SS Princess Adelaide was added to the active roster of the CPR fleet in 1910.
In 1949, the ship was sold to a Greek firm (Typaldos Lines) and renamed SS Angelika. She was scrapped in 1967.
# Skiold Group

Skiold Group (formerly A/S Sæby Jernstøberi) is a manufacturer of agricultural machinery headquartered in Sæby, Denmark.

## History

The company was founded as Sæby Iron Foundry and Machine Factory by P. Sørensen in 1877. Its products included engines and agricultural machinery. The founder's son Albert Sørensen continued the operations from 1912.
In 1928, Henrik Nielsen acquired the company. In 1928, Sæbry Jernstøberi was converted into a limited company (aktieselskab) as A/S Sæby Jernstøberi. On 1 July 1985, its name was changed to A/S Maskinfabrikken Skiold, Sæby.

## Today

The company is today owned by Solix Group. It is headquartered in Sæby and has subsidiaries in nine countries. Its three production sites are located in Sæby, Bur and Ølgod. A new factory in Poland is expected to open in 2024.
# Frozen Embers

Frozen Embers is an EP released in 2003 by the American dark wave band the Crüxshadows. It contains tracks from the subsequent full length release, Ethernaut, remixes of tracks from Wishfire, and new tracks. The EP peaked at #2 on the German Alternative Charts (DAC) and ranked #24 on the DAC Top 100 Singles chart for 2003.

## Track listing

* "Winter Born (This Sacrifice)" (album version)
* "Dance Floor Metaphor"
* "Return (Coming Home)" (Dreamside Remix Part I)
* "Return (Coming Home)" (Dreamside Remix Part II)
* "Seraphs" (Revox Lost Souls Mix)
* "Winter Born (This Sacrifice)" (Club/Radio Edit)
* "Go Away" (Future Bible Heroes Remix)
* "Sinking"
* "Return (Coming Home)" (Assemblage23 Remix)
* "Winter Born (This Sacrifice)" (Sacrificial Acoustic Version)
* "Return (Coming Home)" (Tenebrous Remix)
* "Return (Coming Home)" (DJ Ian Fford 555 Remix)
* "Deception" (Original English version)

## Credits

* Cover Art - Rogue
* Graphic Design - Melissa
* Flute, Other [Opinions] - Jessica Lackey
* Guitar, Backing Vocals - Stacey Campbell
* Keyboards - Chris Brantley
* Keyboards, Violin, Cello - Rachel McDonnell
* Photography - Monaco
* Technician - Trevor Brown
* Vocals, Programmed By, Technician [Sequences] – Rogue
* Written-By - Rogue, The Crüxshadows
# Pronto Software

Pronto Software is an Australian enterprise software vendor.
Pronto Xi is Pronto Software's main product. It has modules for financials, retail, CRM, supply chain management, warehouse management, manufacturing and facilities management.

## History

The company was founded in 1976 as Prometheus Software Development in Sydney, Australia. Originally trading under the name 'Prometheus Software', the company was sold to Sausage Software in 1999. The name was then changed to 'Pronto Software' following a management buyout in 2002.

## Recognition

* 2006 Pronto Software named The Age/D&B Victorian Business of the Year. Launches PRONTO-Xi Phase 5
* 2007 Awarded IBM’s Reseller of the Year
* 2008 Won the D&B/The Age Business Awards (IT) and AIIA iAwards for Alert Intelligence
* 2009 Won the Australian Business Awards for Enterprise. Surpassed $50 million in turn over. Launches PRONTO-Xi Phase 6.
* 2011 Won the 2011 IBM Choice Award for Midmarket Leadership. Launches Pronto Xi Dimensions.
* 2015 Awarded 2015 ABA100 Winner in The Australian Business Awards for Best Software Product.
* 2016 ABA100 Winner for Cloud Innovation in The Australian Business Awards.

## Technology

In 1984, the company launched a suite of PRONTO Enterprise Management tools.
In 2005, the company launched PRONTO-Xi Phase 4.
In 2016, Pronto launched a digital consultancy service called Pronto Woven, a software complementary to Pronto Xi.
Pronto Xi runs on Linux (RedHat), UNIX (AIX or Solaris), or Microsoft Windows Server 2008. In Unix/Linux deployments, users access the application through a proprietary thin client application which connects to the server using SSH, Telnet, or SSL encrypted Telnet. Recent years have seen the introduction of a web client that is the basis of future development.
Supported databases are Informix Dynamic Server, Oracle, or SQL Server.

## Technology partners

Pronto Software is partnered with IBM, Remap, TIG Freight Management, ProSpend, Action HRM, Nomos One, Maralan Documentation, QBuild, Square, BundyPlus, Filebound Solutions, Ozedi and Finlease.

## Independent Consultants

There is a range of independent consultants not affiliated with Pronto Software servicing various industries. To date, Pronto software does not offer affiliation programs for independent consultants.
# Spurger, Texas

Spurger (/ˈspɜːrɡər/ SPUR-gər) is an unincorporated community in southeastern Tyler County, Texas, United States.
The Spurger Independent School District serves area students.

## Historical development

The first area settlers are known to be in the region as early as 1834. The town's name Spurger comes from a family of landowners who resided there initially. From 1859 a school was established there, and by 1881 a post office was opened.
The Neches River flows through the community.

## Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Spurger has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## Awards and recognition

Starting on September 1, 2017, for a 10-year period, this area is known as the Knife Capitol of Texas.
# Shuming Nie

Shuming Nie (Chinese: 聂书明) is a Chinese-American chemist. He is the Grainger Distinguished Chair in Bioengineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was the Wallace H. Coulter Distinguished Faculty Chair in Biomedical Engineering at Emory University. In 2007, Nie was elected as a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE). In 2012, Nie was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
He is a pioneer of single-molecular SERS. He is one of the pioneers of quantum dots for biomedical imaging.

## Recent publications

* Shuming Nie. "Remembering Dr. Richard P. Van Duyne (1945–2019): Gentleman, Scholar, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Pioneer". ACS Nano 2020, 14(1), 26-27. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b09759
* Wang, Jianquan; Lee, Gee Young; Lu, Qian; Peng, Xianghong; Wu, Jiangxiao; Wu, Siyuan; Kairdolf, Brad A.; Nie, Shuming; Wang, Yiqing; Lane, Lucas A. (3 May 2017). "Quantitative Examination of the Active Targeting Effect: The Key Factor for Maximal Tumor Accumulation and Retention of Short-Circulated Biopolymeric Nanocarriers". Bioconjugate Chemistry. 28 (5): 1351–1355. doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00138. PMID 28448116.
* Keating, Jane J.; Runge, Jeffrey J.; Singhal, Sunil; Nims, Sarah; Venegas, Ollin; Durham, Amy C.; Swain, Gary; Nie, Shuming; Low, Philip S.; Holt, David E. (15 May 2017). "Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence imaging targeting folate receptors identifies lung cancer in a large-animal model". Cancer. 123 (6): 1051–1060. doi:10.1002/cncr.30419. PMC 5341137. PMID 28263385.
* Lee, John Y. K.; Pierce, John T.; Thawani, Jayesh P.; Zeh, Ryan; Nie, Shuming; Martinez-Lage, Maria; Singhal, Sunil (7 April 2017). "Near-infrared fluorescent image-guided surgery for intracranial meningioma". Journal of Neurosurgery. 128 (2): 380–390. doi:10.3171/2016.10.JNS161636. PMC 10985532. PMID 28387632.
* Warren C. W. Chan, Shuming Nie. Quantum Dot Bioconjugates for Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection. Science 1998. 281(5385): 2016-2018.https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.275.5303.1102
* Shuming Nie, Steven R. Emory. Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Science 1997. 275(5303): 1102-1106. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.275.5303.1102
# Springbok Commando

Springbok Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Operations
#### With the SADF

During this era, the unit was mainly used for area force protection, search and cordones as well as stock theft control assistance to the local police.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Foundation Cup

The Foundation Cup was a rugby league match contested annually in the National Rugby League between the Sydney Roosters and the Wests Tigers. The Foundation Cup was introduced in 2007 to celebrate the foundation of rugby league in Australia.

## Results

| Season | Score | Winner | Venue | Attendance |
| 2007 | 10 – 4 | Sydney Roosters | Aussie Stadium | 16,198 |
| 2008 | 34 – 28 | Sydney Roosters | Sydney Football Stadium | 15,197 |
| 2009 | 16 – 12 | Sydney Roosters | Sydney Football Stadium | 8,716 |
| 2010 | 28 – 10 | Sydney Roosters | Sydney Football Stadium | 10,281 |
| 2011 | 19 – 8 | Wests Tigers | Sydney Football Stadium | 6,893 |
| 2012 | 28 – 24 | Sydney Roosters | Campbelltown Sports Stadium | 7,426 |
| 2013 | 28 – 16 | Sydney Roosters | Allianz Stadium | 3,800 |
# Foundation Congress of the Communist Party of Great Britain

The Foundation Congress of the Communist Party of Great Britain was held at Cannon Street Hotel, and the International Socialist Club, in London on the 31 July – 1 August, 1920. It occurred after the Workers Socialist Federation had set up the Communist Party (British Section of the Third International) (CP(BSTI)) at a conference held on 19–20 June 1920 also at the International Socialist Club. The CP(BTSI) had been established by left Communists who were unhappy with the parliamentarianism and close relationship with the Labour Party proposed by Lenin.
In a resolution proposed by Alf Purcell the Congress declared:
    “The Communists in conference assembled declare for the Soviet (or Workers’ Council) system as a means whereby the working class shall achieve power and take control of the forces of production; declare for the dictatorship of the proletariat as a necessary means for combating the counter-revolution during the transition period between capitalism and communism; and stand for the adoption of these means as steps towards the establishment of a system of complete communism wherein all the means of production shall be communally owned and controlled. This conference therefore establishes itself the Communist Party on the foregoing basis and declares its adherence to the Third International.”
# Spergo

Spergo is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The large, thin shell is nearly destitute of sculpture. It shows an unrecurved columella, a short, wide, straight siphonal canal, a wide shallow emargination representing the anal notch, and generally feeble anal fasciole, except in the very young. There is a sharp outer lip, unarmed aperture, and a sinusigera protoconch.
The animal has a muzzle formed by a stout squarely truncated rostrum opening into a capacious pharynx, provided internally with a degenerate proboscis not capable of extrusion beyond the oral orifice, with a poison gland and a degenerate radula. Eyes are present and functional. The tentacles are low-seated, stout, and clavate. The operculum is absent. The dentition resembles that of Bela.
This form resembles Pleurotomella, Verrill, from which it differs in the character of the rostrum and pharynx, in the possession of eyes, in its straight wide siphonal canal, and in having a feebler type of verge, anal notch and fasciole.

## Species

Species within the genus Spergo include:
* Spergo aithorrhis Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001
* Spergo annulata Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2021
* Spergo castellum Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2021
* Spergo fusiformis (Habe, 1962)
* Spergo glandiniformis (Dall, 1895)
* Spergo nipponensis Okutani & Iwahori, 1992
* Spergo parunculis Stahlschmidt, Chino & Fraussen, 2015
* Spergo parvidentata Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2021
* Spergo sibogae Schepman, 1913
* Spergo tenuiconcha Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2021

### Species brought into synonymy

* Spergo glandiformis (Dall, 1895): synonym of Spergo glandiniformis (Dall, 1895) (misspelling)
# Spergo sibogae

Spergo sibogae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 54 mm, its diameter 18 mm.
(Original description) The rather strong, fusiform shell is yellowish-brown. The protoconch is wanting. The 9 remaining whorls are moderately convex, slightly excavated below the conspicuous but shallow suture. The sculpture consists of remote, oblique, axial ribs, conspicuous in the upper whorls, fainter lower on, disappearing on the back of the body whorl. They form tubercles below the excavation, which in the upper whorls bear short plicae, just below the suture. The lower part of the whorls is crossed by very numerous spiral striae, conspicuous in upper whorls, faint on the last one, but stronger towards and on the siphonal canal. The aperture is elongately-oval, angular above, with a wide siphonal canal below. The peristome is damaged according to the fine growth-lines, with a very shallow sinus above, then regularly arched. The columellar margin is concave above, then nearly straight, at last slightly directed to the left, covered with a layer of enamel, which is thin above, stronger below. The interior of the aperture is smooth.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Banda Sea, Indonesia.
# Shouting for the Gunners

"Shouting for the Gunners" was a single released by the English football team Arsenal, with Tippa Irie and Peter Hunnigale on 3 May 1993. It reached number 34 in the UK Singles Chart.
# Shri Bhadriya Lathi railway station

Shri Bhadriya Lathi railway station is a railway station in Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan. Its code is SBLT. It serves Shri Bhadriya Lathi station. The station consists of a single platform. Passenger, Express, and Superfast trains halt here.