OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pierce Boshelly

Pierce Boshelly is an American painter and sculptor (1961–present).
He also is a composer of solo piano music and piano trios.
After his formal education in physics, he returned to his early interest in photography and soon began drawing and painting. Shortly thereafter, he started carving marble at several marble studios in Italy (see Studio Sem, marble studio stagetti). He also worked at the Belfiore Foundry in Pietrasanta. In 1999, he started exhibiting paintings at local grocery stores in Carrboro, North Carolina. By 2004, he was exhibiting both painting and sculpture in New York City, Italy and North Carolina. He now has a studio in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

## Painting

Boshelly has several distinctive painting styles: Fractured Realism, Curvilinear Expressionism, and Expressionism. His Fractured Realism pieces usually contain the face of a person painted realistically, but the body is composed of simple loops (curvilinear expressionism) or straight line segments.
* Fractured Realism
* "Two triangles and an ellipse". oil on canvas
* "Seeing the Light", oil on canvas
* Curvilinear expressionism
* "Woman with arms Out", oil on canvas
* "Sitting in the Rising Sun", oil on canvas
Curvilinear Expressionism contains figures made from smooth curves that form loops. At first glance, the loops look random, but on closer inspection, the figures are discernible.

## Sculpture

Boshelly has several distinctive sculpture styles: Flat Minimalist, Expressionist, and Curvilinear Expressionist. The flat minimalist style is usually done in marble or plaster and portrays one figure in a simple pose. The features of the figure are very subtle and are usually made of smooth curves.
Like the Curvilinear Expressionist painting, the Curvilinear Expressionist sculpture consists of smooth curves that form random-like patterns. These are usually made from steel. The Expressionist sculptures range in style from works reminiscent of Rodins, to more individualistic pieces which look like stones piled on top of each other, to figures in a spiral shape.
* Flat Minimalist
* "Holding in Arms II", Carrara Statuario Marble
* Expressionist
* "Man of Papyrus", Papyrus
* "Holding On", Bronze

## Music

Boshelly published his first piano compositions in 2012 as background music for a slideshow of his artwork "Pierce Boshelly Collected Works". His solo piano pieces can be described as jazz infused classical of the romantic or impressionistic period. In 2017, he published his first Trio, a short piece called "Pierce Boshelly Piece No. 52(Trio)" with bassist Nat Smith and vocalist Caroline Smith.
# Harper's Bible Dictionary

Harper's Bible Dictionary is a scholarly reference book of the Bible, containing the texts of the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the New Testament. It is written by 180 members of the Society of Biblical Literature, edited by Paul J. Achtemeier, and containing 3500 articles and 400 photographs.
It has a LCC of BS 440.H237.

## Footnotes

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# Edson Cemetery

The Edson Cemetery is a cemetery located in Lowell, Massachusetts, at 1375 Gorham Street.

## Overview

Edson Cemetery was opened as a public burial ground by the city of Lowell in 1846. It was named in honor of Rev. Theodore Edson, who was minister of the St. Anne's Church on Merrimack Street. It has over 10,000 lot owners, and is the largest of Lowell's cemeteries.
The grave of American author Jack Kerouac, at the center of section 94, is a frequent stop for tourists and readers who often leave mementos like candles, pens, cigarettes, and their own poetry.

## Notable burials

* Jack Kerouac, novelist
* John C. McFarland, Medal of Honor recipient, Civil War
* William Preston Phelps, painter
* Joseph Taylor, Medal of Honor recipient, Civil War
# Francesc Granell

Francesc Granell i Trías (7 May 1944 – 30 August 2022) was a Spanish economist and academic. He was a professor of Applied Economics at the University of Barcelona. As a public servant, Granell held governmental positions in Catalonia, Spain, and the European Community.

## Books

* El Mercado de Sudáfrica (Barcelona, Cámara de Industria, 1967)
* Espanya i el Mercat Comú: Aventatges i inconvenients (Gerona, Cámara de Comercio, 1970)
* Export Promotion by Private Sector Organizations (Geneva, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT, 1971)
* La Exportación y los Mercados Internacionales (Barcelona, Editorial Hispano-Europea, 6th ed., 1971)
* Las empresas multinacionales y el desarrollo (Barcelona, Ed. Ariel, 1974)
* Las inversiones españolas en el exterior (Barcelona, Cámara de Comercio, 1974)
* La opción europea para la Economía española (with Profs. Muns and Ortega, Madrid, Guadiana, 1974)
* Guía Práctica de Mercados Exteriores (Barcelona, Cámara Oficial de Comercio, Industria y Navegación, 1977)
* Brasil y la cooperación económica latinoamericana (Barcelona, Instituto de Economía Americana, 1979)
* La opción CEE para la economía de Canarias (Las Palmas, Cámara de Comercio de las Palmas, 1979)
* La Ayuda española a los países en desarrollo (Universidad de Barcelona, 1980)
* Las Comunidades autónomas frente a su Comercio Exterior y a la integración en las Comunidades Europeas (editor, Universidad de Sevilla, 1981)
* Política Comercial y Comercio Exterior de España (Barcelona, Orbis, 1986)
* Cataluña, sus relaciones económicas transnacionales y la CEE (Barcelona, Vicens Vives, 1986)
* España y las Organizaciones Económicas Internacionales (Enciclopedia de la Economía Española y CEE, Ed. Orbis)
* La Catalogne (Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1988)
* Guía Comunidad Europea (Barcelona, TISA, 1989)
* El Debate Librecambio-Protección a finales del siglo XX, (Barcelona, Real Academia de Ciencias Económicas y Financieras, 1995)
* Catalunya dins la Unió Europea (with V. Pou and M.A. Sánchez, editors, Barcelona, Edicions 62, 2002)
* La Coopération au développement de la Communauté Européenne, Bruxelles, Université Libre, Collection Le Droit de la CE et de l'Union Européenne, 2nd ed., 2005)
# Free Woman (film)

Free Woman (Korean: 자유처녀) is a 1982 South Korean film directed by Kim Ki-young.

## Plot

A melodrama about a Korean woman who has lived in Spain pursuing her Ph.D. in Korea.

## Cast

* Ahn So-young
* Shin Seong-il
* Kim Won-seop
* Han Seong-gyeong
* Kim Chung-chul
* Cho Ju-mi
* Han U-ri
* Kim Seong-geun
* Lee Yeong-ho
* Yoo Myeong-sun
# Jōnan-ku, Fukuoka

Jōnan-ku (城南区) is one of the seven wards of Fukuoka City, Japan. As of November 1, 2004, it had a population of 128,057 people, making up 9.2% of Fukuoka City, with an area of 16.02 km$^2$. At the time of Fukuoka City's official designation as a City in 1972, the area now known as Jōnan-ku was part of the larger ward of Nishi-ku. On May 1, 1982, Nishi-ku was subdivided into the three smaller wards of Nishi-ku, Sawara-ku and Jōnan-ku.
Located southwest of the downtown area of Tenjin, Jōnan-ku is a primarily residential area. Despite its proximity to downtown Fukuoka, Jōnan-ku has suffered from a lack of transport infrastructure, leading to congested roads and difficult access to the rest of the city. The Nanakuma Line of the Fukuoka Subway opened in 2005, improving traffic flow in the area.
Like most of Fukuoka City, the construction in Jōnan-ku is relatively recent, as the area consisted mostly of fields after World War 2, lacking even paved roads. The result has been a crowded jumble of roads, houses, apartment buildings and businesses, with no real centre to the ward. A few large parks help to create a peaceful atmosphere.
Jōnan-ku is home to Fukuoka University, whose students are everpresent during the school year and help support a growing number of local convenience stores. The St Sulpice Great Seminary of Fukuoka is another notable landmark, having been built in the 1950s and serving to train Japanese Catholic priests from Kyūshū.
Historical sites include Kikuchi Shrine and Yūsentei Park.

## Gallery

* Portrait said to be of Kikuchi Yoshiyuki, Kikuchi Shrine
* Fukuoka University
* Stations of Fukuoka Subway
* Yūsentei Park
# Dyckia pulquinensis

Dyckia pulquinensis is a plant species in the genus Dyckia. This species is endemic to Bolivia.
# Staphylinochrous melanoleuca

Staphylinochrous melanoleuca is a species of long-tailed burnet moth in the family Himantopteridae, found in Uganda.
# Dypsis intermedia

Dypsis intermedia is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae that is found only in Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Dypsis malcomberi

Dypsis malcomberi is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Rouvray-Catillon

Rouvray-Catillon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A village of farming and associated light industry situated by the banks of the Andelle river in the Pays de Bray at the junction of the D61, D13 and the D118 roads, some 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Rouen.

## Places of interest

* The eighteenth-century church of St. Martin.
* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the eighteenth century.
* A museum in a 16th-century manorhouse.
* A seventeenth-century château.
* The chapel of St. Samson, dating from the nineteenth century.
# Arthur Forbes (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Arthur Forbes (died 20 March 1891) was a Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief, Queenstown.

## Naval career

Forbes became commanding officer of the sixth-rate HMS Calypso in July 1851, commanding officer of the frigate HMS Curacoa in May 1857 and commanding officer of the second-rate HMS Renown in November 1857. His last appointment was as Commander-in-Chief, Queenstown in November 1869 before he retired in May 1871.
# Arthur Pap

Arthur Pap (October 1, 1921 - September 7, 1959) was a philosopher in the school of analytic philosophy. Pap published a number of books regarding analytical philosophy, its function within philosophy, and its impact on society.

## Life and works

Pap was born October 1, 1921, in Zürich, Switzerland in a Jewish family. His musical talent was revealed early and his passion for playing the piano remained through all of his life. In high school Pap developed also a passion for philosophy and enrolled at Zürich University, where took courses in philosophy and logic from Karl Dürr. At the start of World War II the family fled to the United States and, in 1941, settled in New York City. Pap entered the Juilliard School of Music where he spent a term before starting his studies at Columbia in the fall of 1941. After obtaining his BA at Columbia, Pap went to Yale University in 1943 for his master's degree. Ernst Cassirer, who was guest professor at Yale from 1941 to 1944, became his supervisor and provided the original stimulus for Pap's work on hypothetical necessity and the functional a priori. In 1944 Pap went back to Columbia where he completed his PhD thesis under the supervision of Ernest Nagel, who first rejected the manuscript. However, it won the Woodbridge Prize for best philosophical dissertation and was subsequently published as The A Priori in Physical Theory (1946). Pap started teaching at various universities and had the opportunity to meet some leading philosophers, notably Rudolf Carnap, with whom he developed a lasting friendship.
During the first years of his career Pap worked on what is now perhaps his best-known book, Elements of Analytic Philosophy. Taking a break, next he published a translation of Viktor Kraft's Der Wiener Kreis. Kraft recommended him to be a Fulbright lecturer at Vienna University for the academic year 1953–54. Paul Feyerabend became his assistant there and helped in the publication of the lectures.
Returning from Europe, Pap stayed briefly at Lehigh University, then took succession from Carl Hempel as analytic philosopher of science at Yale. There he read courses and held seminars on logic, probability and induction, the philosophy of Russell, and the history of analytic philosophy. In 1957, he edited in collaboration with Paul Edwards the well-known textbook A Modern Introduction to Philosophy. In the summer of 1959, Pap completed a book, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, which appeared posthumously. Arthur Pap died on 7 September 1959, shortly before his 38th birthday, from kidney disease.

## List of works

* The a Priori in Physical Theory. New York: King's Crown Press, 1946.
* Elements of Analytic Philosophy, New York: Macmillan, 1949.
* Analytische Erkenntnistheorie: Kritische Übersicht über die neueste Entwicklung in USA und England. Vienna: Springer, 1955.
* (ed.) A Modern Introduction to Philosophy. New York: Free Press, 1957 (with Paul Edwards)
* Semantics and Necessary Truth: An Inquiry Into the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.
* An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. New York: The Free Press, 1962.
# Artaria

Artaria & Co. (Italian pronunciation:) was one of the most important music publishing firms of the late 18th and 19th century. Founded in the 18th century in Vienna, the company is associated with many leading names of the classical era.

## History

Artaria & Co. was founded as a publishing house for art and maps by Carlo Artaria (1747–1808) in 1770 in Vienna, then the capital of the Habsburg monarchy. The company expanded its business to include music in 1778. Its most important early collaboration was with the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn, who published more than 300 works through Artaria, including many of the composer's string quartets (such as the Opus 33), which were a popular seller. The value of Haydn's works helped push Artaria to the top of the music publishing world in the late 18th century.
This important relationship helped Artaria secure the rights to the works of other important classical composers such as Luigi Boccherini and, most notably, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
During his lifetime, Artaria was Mozart's principal publisher, although after his death this passed to the German house of Breitkopf & Härtel. Starting in 1793, Artaria published several early works of Ludwig van Beethoven, until a bitter dispute over the publishing rights of Beethoven's String Quintet Op. 29 which culminated in a court case from 1803 until 1805. Yet, Artaria also published Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata in 1819 and Carlo's nephew Matthias (1793–1835) published the composer's Große Fuge in 1827.
The dispute with Beethoven highlights the role the company played in helping determine early copyright laws. Voluminous correspondence is extant between Artaria and its clients regarding ownership and royalty of editions as well as piracy concerns.
Artaria continued to be a leading publisher through the 19th century, until it finally ceased its music publication business in the twentieth century. Its cartographic publishing was acquired by Freytag & Berndt [de] in 1920 and the Artaria publishing house was dissolved in 1932. The art dealership closed in 2012.
# Arthur MacGregor

Arthur MacGregor is a British academic and author, "who largely invented the idea of the history of museums".
MacGregor has spent most of his career at the Ashmolean Museum, before his appointment as director of the Society of Antiquaries.
He has been president of the Society for the History of Natural History since 2015, when he succeeded Hugh Torrens.
MacGregor is founder of the Journal of the History of Collections which he edited from 1989-2023.

## Selected works

* 2024. St Helena : An Island Biography. BOYDELL PRESS.
* 2023. The India Museum Revisited. UCL Press.
* 2018. Naturalists in the Field: Collecting Recording and Preserving the Natural World from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First Century. (editor) 2018. Leiden: Brill.
* 2018. Company Curiosities : Nature Culture and the East India Company 1600-1874. 2018. London: Reaktion Books.
* 2015. The Cobbe Cabinet of Curiosities: An Anglo-Irish Country House Museum. New Haven: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press.
* 2012. Animal Encounters : Human and Animal Interaction in Britain from the Norman Conquest to World War One. London: Reaktion Books.
* 2007. Curiosity and Enlightenment: Collectors and Collections from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century. New Haven Conn: Yale University Press.
* 2000. The Ashmolean Museum Oxford. Munich: Prestel.
* 1994. Sir Hans Sloane: Collector Scientist Antiquary Founding Father of the British Museum. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press in association with Alistair McAlpine.
* 1985. (with Oliver Impey). The Origins of Museums: The Cabinet of Curiosities in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Europe. 1985. Oxford: Clarendon.
# Duruçay

Duruçay (literally "clear creek") is a Turkish place name that may refer to the following places in Turkey:
* Duruçay, Kastamonu, a village in the Kastamonu district of Kastamonu Province
* Duruçay, Vezirköprü, a village in the Vezirköprü district of Samsun Province
# Royall Tyler (historian)

Royall Tyler (May 4, 1884 – March 2, 1953), was an American historian, who was a descendant of the American jurist and playwright Royall Tyler. He was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, and educated at Harrow School in England. After a time at New College, Oxford, he moved to the University of Salamanca, where he became a friend of Miguel de Unamuno. In 1909 he published Spain, a Study of her Life and Arts, the first work in English to recognize the genius of El Greco. Appointed by the British government to edit the Calendar of State Papers related to negotiations between England and Spain in the time of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, he published the first of the five volumes of these papers in 1913; the last, completed just before his death, appeared in 1954.
During World War I he served as an officer in the US Army, where he was an interrogator of German prisoners of war. In 1919 he joined the US delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, and in 1924 the League of Nations appointed him Financial Advisor to the government of Hungary. With Hayford Peirce (the older brother of the painter Waldo Peirce) he published in French a pioneering study of Byzantine art, and he died just after completing his posthumously published biography, The Emperor Charles the Fifth.
Tyler also helped to inspire and shape the major collections of Byzantine art brought together by Robert Woods Bliss and Mildred Barnes Bliss and housed at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, DC.
He spent most of World War II in Geneva, Switzerland, where he drew on his high-level, Europe-wide connections to perform vital work for the US intelligence network run by Allen Welsh Dulles. He spent his last years in Paris, first with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, then as European Representative of the National Committee for a Free Europe.

## Works

* Tyler, Royall (1909). Spain, a Study of Her Life and Arts. G. Richards.
* Tyler, Royall (1956). The Emperor Charles the Fifth. Essential Books. ISBN 978-0-598-49464-1.
# Arthur G. Sylvester

Arthur Gibbs Sylvester was an American structural geologist. He was an emeritus professor of geology at the University of California, Santa Barbara and the author of Roadside Geology of Southern California (2016) and the second edition of Geology Underfoot in Southern California (2020), both published by Mountain Press. The Geological Society of America announced he was to be awarded the Structure and Tectonics Division's Career Contribution Award at their 2023 Fall Meeting.
# Döbereiner's lamp

Döbereiner's lamp, also called a "tinderbox" ("Feuerzeug"), is a lighter invented in 1823 by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner. The lighter is based on the Fürstenberger lighter (invented in Basel in 1780; in which hydrogen gas is ignited by an electrostatically generated spark). Döbereiner's lamp was in production until ca. 1880. In the jar, similar to the Kipp's apparatus, zinc metal reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen gas. When a valve is opened, a jet of hydrogen is released onto a platinum sponge. The sponge catalyzes a reaction with atmospheric oxygen, which heats the catalyst and ignites the hydrogen, producing a gentle flame.
The Döbereiner's lamp is considered as the first commercial application of heterogeneous catalysis and was commercialized for lighting fires and pipes. The world's largest manufacturer of these lighters was Heinrich Gottfried Piegler from Schleiz in Thuringia (Germany). It is said that in the 1820s over a million of the "tinderboxes" were sold.
In Great Britain examples of the lighter are exhibited in the Science Museum in London, in Germany in the Deutsches Museum, the old pharmacy at Heidelberg Castle, the Kulturhistorisches Museum Schloss Merseburg, the Municipal Museum in Braunschweig, the Goethe National Museum in Weimar, the Museum Gunnar-Wester-Haus in Schweinfurt, the Astronomisch-Physikalisches Kabinett Kassel, the Regional Museum Bad Lobenstein, the Municipal Museum Zeulenroda, the Stadtmuseum Gera, the Mineralogical Collection in Jena and at the Museum Bayerisches Vogtland in Hof.
# Dylan Fitzell

Dylan Fitzell is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Cashel King Cormacs and with the Tipperary senior inter-county team since 2016.

## Career

Fitzell was named in the Tipperary squad for the 2016 National Hurling League and made his league debut on 13 February against Dublin when he came on as a substitute, and scored a point from play.

## Honours
### Tipperary

* All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship (1): 2012
* Munster Minor Hurling Championship (1): 2012
* All-Ireland Minor Football Championship (1): 2011
* Munster Minor Football Championship (1): 2011
# Rukarara River

The Rukarara River (or Lukarara) is a river in western Rwanda that is a tributary of the Mwogo River, in turn a tributary of the Nyabarongo River. It is the most distant headwater of the Nile.

## Sources

The Rukarara rises in forested country in southern Rwanda to the east of the Congo-Nile Divide. The Kamiranzovu Swamp in the Nyungwe Forest Reserve provides a natural reservoir for the Rukarara. The source of the Rukarara is now known to be the overall source of the Nile. This was confirmed by a 2005/2006 expedition up the river with modern navigation equipment. The origin of the Nile, the furthest source from its mouth, is at an elevation of 7,966 feet (2,428 m), at latitude and longitude 2°16′055.962″S 29°19′052.470″E﻿ / ﻿2.28221167°S 29.33124167°E﻿ / -2.28221167; 29.33124167.

## Course

The Rukarara has its sources in the Nyamagabe District. The Nyirabugoyi and Rubyiro rivers are its main headwaters, both rising in the Nyungwe National Park. The Rukarara is the longest of the streams that supply the Mwogo. The Rukarara flows south and then east, emptying into the Mwogo River. The Mwogo flows north, merging with the Mbirurume River south of Bwakira to become the Nyabarongo River.
# Rozhovice

Rozhovice is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
# Dušan Macháček

Dušan Macháček (born 7 October 1966) is a Czech rower. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Dušan Letica

Dušan Letica (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Летица; 23 October 1884 – 19 September 1945) was a Serbian lawyer, translator, and Axis Power collaborationist during World War II.