# Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar

Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar (History's 100 Most Important Swedes) is a book by Niklas Ekdal and Petter Karlsson, published in 2009. Before the book was released, the list was published by Dagens Nyheter between 14 April and 6 May. The book is a list of the 100 Swedes that according to the authors have had "the greatest influence on Swedish people's lives, and also people's lives around the world". There are 84 men and 16 women on the list. Around 40 of them lived in the previous century, and 16 were still alive as of the book's publication.

## Selection criteria

The selection criteria were:"How much, how long, and how many people has the person influenced – primarily domestically but also internationally – with his thoughts, his reign, his deeds or his example? And how much does this person mean to us living here today, in 2009?"

## The list

* Gustav I of Sweden (1496–1560), king (reigned 1523–1560), the founding father of modern Sweden
* Astrid Lindgren (1907–2002), author, writer of children's books including the Pippi Longstocking series
* Axel Oxenstierna (1583–1654), statesman, Lord High Chancellor from 1612–1654. Confidant of both Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina.
* Alfred Nobel (1833–1896), inventor, founder of the Nobel Prize
* Olof Palme (1927–1986), socialist politician, Prime Minister (1969–1976 and 1982–1986)
* Marcus Wallenberg (1899–1982), industrialist and banker
* Evert Taube (1890–1976), composer
* Lars Magnus Ericsson (1846–1926), inventor, entrepreneur and founder of telephone equipment manufacturer Ericsson
* Charles XIV John (1763–1844), king (reigned 1818–1844)
* Carl Larsson (1853–1919), painter
* St. Bridget (1303–1373), saint
* Johan August Gripenstedt (1813–1874), Finance Minister (1856–1866), liberal reformer and free trader
* Odin (170–240), king, later considered the chief god in Norse paganism
* August Strindberg (1849–1912), playwright and writer
* Charles XI (1655–1697), king (reigned 1660–1697)
* Carl Michael Bellman (1740–1795), poet and composer
* Anders Chydenius (1729–1803), priest, early Classical Liberal theorist
* Ingvar Kamprad (1926–2018), entrepreneur, founder of IKEA
* Ingmar Bergman (1918–2007), director
* Gustav III (1746–1792), king (reigned 1771–1792)
* Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), botanist, founder of the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature
* Charles XII (1682–1718), king (reigned 1697–1718), skilled military leader and tactician of the Great Northern War
* Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940), author
* Rutger Macklean II (1742–1816), land reformist
* Albert Bonnier (1820–1900), publicist
* Dag Hammarskjöld (1905–1961), diplomat, Secretary-General of the United Nations 1953–1961
* Per Albin Hansson (1885–1946), Prime Minister (1932–1946)
* Ellen Key (1849–1926), writer
* Lennart Hyland (1919–1993), TV-show host and journalist
* Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (1778–1837), king (reigned 1792–1809)
* Assar Gabrielsson (1891–1962), industrialist, co-founder of Volvo
* Björn Borg (1956– ), tennis legend, winner of five consecutive Wimbledon tournaments 1976–1980
* John Ericsson (1803–1889), mechanical engineer, inventor of the two screw-propeller and iron warship USS Monitor
* Hans Alfredson (1931—2017), entertainer
* Tage Danielsson (1928–1985), entertainer
* Jonas Wenström (1855–1893), engineer, inventor of the three-phase electric power system, the basis for ASEA (later ABB Group)
* Karl Staaff (1860–1915), Prime Minister, chairman of the Liberal Coalition Party 1907–1915 and champion of universal suffrage
* Vilhelm Moberg (1898–1973), author
* Erik Gustaf Geijer (1783–1847), historian
* Raoul Wallenberg (1912–?), diplomat
* Carl Olof Rosenius (1816–1868), preacher
* Christopher Polhem (1661–1751), scientist, inventor and industrialist, significant contributor to industrial development, particularly in mining
* Olaus Petri (1493–1552), reformist
* Hjalmar Branting (1860–1925), Prime Minister
* Gustavus Adolphus (1594–1632), king (reigned 1611–1632), founder of the Swedish Empire and the Golden Age of Sweden.
* Fredrika Bremer (1801–1865), author
* Oscar I (1799–1859), king (reigned 1844–1859)
* Jan Stenbeck (1942–2002), capitalist, founder of MTG, Tele2, Millicom and leading global free newspaper company Metro
* Anna Maria Roos (1862–1938), author
* Stig Anderson (1931–1997), music producer, manager of ABBA
* Ivar Kreuger (1880–1932), financier and industrialist
* Carl Edvard Johansson (1864–1943), scientist, inventor of the gauge block set
* Birger Jarl (1210–1266), statesman, played a pivotal role in the consolidation of Sweden, founded Stockholm in 1250
* Urban Hjärne (1641–1724), physician
* Lennart Nilsson (1922—2017), photographer
* Olaus Rudbeck (1630–1702), scientist and writer
* Greta Garbo (1905–1990), actor
* Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (1390–1436), rebel leader and statesman
* Lars Johan Hierta (1801–1872), newspaperman
* Alice Tegnér (1864–1943), composer
* Carl Jonas Love Almqvist (1793–1866), author
* Gunnar Myrdal (1898–1987), professor
* Alva Myrdal (1902–1986), politician
* Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786), pharmaceutical chemist
* Arvid Horn (1664–1742), politician, President of the Privy Council Chancellery (1710–1719 and 1720–1738)
* Cajsa Warg (1703–1769), cookbook author
* Anders Celsius (1701–1744), scientist
* Benny Andersson (1946– ), musician and composer, member of ABBA
* Björn Ulvaeus (1945– ), musician and composer, member of ABBA
* Carl Grimberg (1875–1941), historian
* Sven Hedin (1865–1952), explorer
* Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848), chemist, worked out the modern technique of chemical formula notation, and considered one of the fathers of modern chemistry
* Erik Johan Stagnelius (1793–1823), poet
* Gunnar Sträng (1906–1992), Finance Minister (1955–1976)
* Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772), scientist, philosopher and theologian
* Gustaf Fröding (1860–1911), poet and writer
* Zlatan Ibrahimović (1981– ), soccer player
* Eva Ekeblad (1724–1786), agronomist and scientist
* Carl-Adam Nycop (1909–2006), newspaper editor
* Bruno Liljefors (1860–1939), artist, influential wildlife painter of the late 19th and early 20th century
* Jan Guillou (1944– ), journalist
* Esaias Tegnér (1782–1846), poet
* Peter Wieselgren (1800–1873), temperance movement leader
* Lars Norén (1944–2021), playwright, novelist and poet
* Anita Ekberg (1931–2015), actor
* Carl af Forsell (1783–1848), statistician
* Karl Gerhard (1891–1964), entertainer
* Georg Stiernhielm (1598–1672), polymath
* August Palm (1849–1922), agitator, key socialist and labour movement activist
* Barbro Svensson (1938–2018), singer
* Viktor Balck (1844–1928), original IOC member and "the father of Swedish sports"
* Kjell-Olof Feldt (1931– ), Finance Minister
* Magnus Eriksson (1316–1374), king (reigned 1319–1374)
* Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931), Archbishop, one of the principal founders of the ecumenical movement
* Inga-Britt Ahlenius (1939– ), auditor
* Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913), inventor
* Sven-Göran Eriksson (1948–2024), soccer manager
* Elin Wägner (1882–1949), writer
* Jan Carlzon (1941– ), management guru
* Queen Christina (1626–1689), monarch (reigned 1632–1654)

## Criticism

Criticism has been voiced over the list, both in terms of selection and ranking.

### Selection

It has been argued that the following people should have made it to the list:
* Ernst Wigforss (1881–1977), Finance Minister (1925–1926, 1932–1936 and 1936–1949) and socialist ideologue
* Charles X Gustav of Sweden (1622–1660), king (reigned 1656–1660), marched across the Belts to conquer the eastern half of Denmark which has remained Swedish ever since
* Erik Dahlbergh (1625–1703), engineer, painter, and field marshal, the "Vauban of Sweden"
* Nicodemus Tessin (1654–1728), Baroque architect, city planner, and administrator
* Elise Ottesen-Jensen (1886–1973), sex educator, journalist, anarchist agitator and women's rights activist
* Arne Beurling (1905–1986), mathematician, single-handedly deciphered the Nazi Germany Geheimfernschreiber
* Ingemar Johansson (1932–2008), heavyweight boxing champion of the world (1959–1960)
* Ingemar Stenmark (1956–), the greatest slalom and giant slalom specialist of all time
* Bo Jonsson Grip (1330s–1386), head of the royal council, Sweden's (and Finland's) largest landowner ever
* Povel Ramel (1922–2007), singer, pianist, vaudeville artist, songwriter, author and novelty song composer
* Percy Barnevik (1941–), businessman, CEO/Chairman ASEA/ABB (1980–2002), GM board member (1996–2009)
* Carl Bildt (1949–), politician and diplomat, Prime Minister (1991–1994), EU/UN Special Envoy to the Balkans (1995–2001)
* Herman Bernhard Lundborg (1868–1943), physician, racialist and eugenicist
* Anders Retzius (1796–1860), anatomy professor credited with defining the cephalic index and retropubic space
* Tage Erlander (1901–1985), leader of the Social Democratic Party and Prime Minister (1946–1969)
* Bruno Mathsson (1907–1988), furniture designer and architect with ideas colored by functionalism/modernism
* Oscar II (1829–1907), king (reigned 1872–1907), renounced the Norwegian throne, ending the Sweden-Norway Union
* Anders Zorn (1860–1920), painter, sculptor and printmaker
* Carl Milles (1875–1955), sculptor
* Carl Olof Cronstedt (1756–1820), naval commander responsible for the overwhelming Swedish victory at the Svensksund, one of the largest naval battles in history
* Joe Hill (1879–1915), Swedish-American labor activist and songwriter
* Jenny Lind (1820–1887), opera singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale"
* Magnus Ladulås (1240–1290), king (reigned 1275–1290)
* Esaias Tegnér (1782–1846), writer, professor of Greek language, and bishop
* Tim Bergling (1989–2018), world-famous DJ and remixer, also known as "Avicii"

### Ranking

The ranking has been hotly contested and arguments include:
* The authors' liberal orientation has given undue prominence to other liberals such as Chydenius and Gripenstedt while downplaying the impact of socialists such as Branting, Palm and Per Albin Hansson.
* Internationally famous persons such as J. J. Berzelius, Queen Christina and John Ericsson have lost out to populist choices (Evert Taube, Astrid Lindgren), fads (Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Kjell-Olof Feldt) and "overvalued dreamers" (Sven Hedin, Carl Grimberg).
* Inclusion of the authors' employer Albert Bonnier as number 25 undermines the credibility of the list.