OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-644

German submarine U-644 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 1 December 1941 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, launched on 20 August 1942, and commissioned on 15 October 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Kurt Jensen.
Attached to 5th U-boat Flotilla based at Kiel, U-644 completed her training period on 31 March 1943 and was assigned to front-line service.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-644 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-644 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

In April 1943, U-644 was on patrol between Shetland and Jan Mayen. British signals intelligence had pinpointed the U-boat's position and HMS Tuna was dispatched to hunt down U-644. On 7 April, the British submarine detected the U-boat only 500 metres (550 yd) away and fired a spread of five torpedoes. Two torpedoes hit U-644, which sank with all 45 crew members on board, there were no survivors.
# Gambissara Forest Park

Gambissara Forest Park is a forest park in the Gambia. Established on January 1, 1954, it covers 308 hectares.
Gambissara Forest Park is 38 meters above sea level.
# Nanubhai

Nanubhai is an Indian given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Nanubhai Patel (1905–?), Indian politician
* Nanubhai Vanani (born 1956), Indian politician
* Nanubhai Vakil (1902–1980), Indian film director
# Sony NEX-F3

The Sony α NEX-F3 is an entry-level rangefinder-styled digital mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced by Sony on 17 May 2012.
# Satendra Singh (politician)

Satendra Singh is a former Fijian politician of Indian descent. He represented the Ba East Indian Communal Constituency, one of 19 reserved for Indo-Fijians, which he won for the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) in the parliamentary elections of 2001. Prior to his election, he worked a farm advisor for the Fiji Sugar Corporation.
In 2003, Singh was offered the portfolio of Minister for Environment, together with 13 other FLP parliamentarians who were offered cabinet positions by the Prime Minister, Laisenia Qarase but the FLP refused to accept this offer.
Singh announced on 8 March 2006 that he would probably not contest the general election scheduled for 6–13 May 2006. He wished to pursue further studies abroad, he said, but would reconsider if his party asked him to. The Fiji Times reported on 11 March, however, that he was reconsidering, following a petition from more than 1000 of his constituents. Some had asked him to contest as an independent candidate, he said, but he would wait for the FLP to decide whether to give him the nomination. In the event, he did not contest the election.
# Raphitoma bernardoi

Raphitoma bernardoi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell reaches a length of 11 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Ghana to Angola; off the Cape Verdes.
# Fuscoporia torulosa

Fuscoporia torulosa is a species of bracket fungus in the genus Fuscoporia, family Hymenochaetaceae. A wood-decay fungus, it causes a white rot of heartwood in dead and living hardwood trees in Europe, and in coniferous trees in North America.

## Taxonomy

Until recently, this species was known as Phellinus torulosus. However, a phylogenetic study in 2001 resulted in the genus Phellinus being split into five new genera, and P. torulosus being renamed to Fuscoporia torulosa.

## Description

The fruiting bodies of this species are semicircular or shell-shaped, with dimensions of 12–30 centimetres (4+1⁄2–12 in) broad by 4–10 cm (1+1⁄2–4 in) long. The brackets are typically 1–3 cm (1⁄2–1 in) thick, although it can be considerably thicker at the point of the broad attachment to the tree. Ryvarden and Gilbertson give maximum fruiting body dimensions of 46 cm (18 in) wide by 28 cm (11 in) long by 11 cm (4+1⁄2 in) thick. The fruiting body margin is rounded, and sometimes wavy, felt-like or tomentose on the flattened upper surface, which is typically orange-brown to rusty-brown in color. The color of the lower pore-bearing surface is cinnamon-, rust-, or olivaceous-brown, and there are 5 to 6 pores per millimetre.
* Fuscoporia torulosa
* Museum specimen

### Microscopic features

Basidiospores are ovoid or ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, with dimensions of 4–6 × 3–4 μm. The basidia are club-shaped, 4-spored, with dimensions of 14–16 × 5–6 μm.

### Modern identification techniques

Production of visible fruiting bodies by F. torulosa does not happen until long after the tree has been initially infected, as it takes some time for the fungal mycelia to colonize the host. For this reason it often escapes detection until it is too late to save the tree. In 2007, a rapid detection method was reported that uses DNA technology, specifically the polymerase chain reaction, to enable detection of fungal mycelia in infected tissues in roughly six hours.

## Habitat and distribution

Although its preferred host is Quercus, Fuscoporia torulosa has been reported growing on a variety of hardwood trees: Acer, Arbutus, Calluna, Castanea, Celtis, Ceratonia, Cercis, Cistus, Citrus, Cornus, Crataegus, Cydonia, Erica, Eucalyptus, Euonymus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Grevillea, Helianthemum, Juglans, Laurus, Malus, Melaleuca, Morus, Myrtus, Olea, Ostrya, Parrotia, Phillyrea, Pistacia, Pittosporum, Populus, Prunus, Punica, Pryus, Robinia, Rosa, Salix, Spartium, Ulex, Ulmus, Viburnum, Vitis, and more rarely, conifers like Cedrus, Cupressus, Larix, Picea, and Pinus. Recently, F. torulosa has been reported as infecting more than 160 species of plants; most of these infections results in the plant's premature death.
# Khalatala

Khalatala may refer to:
* Xalatala, Azerbaijan
* Xalatalabinə, Azerbaijan
* Xələftala, Azerbaijan
# German submarine U-645

German submarine U-645 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 17 December 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 621, launched on 3 September 1942 and commissioned on 22 October 1942 under Leutnant zur See Otto Ferro.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-645 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-645 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

This boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 22 October 1942, followed by active service on 1 May 1943 as part of the 3rd Flotilla for the remainder of her service. In three patrols she sank two merchant ships, for a total of 12,788 gross register tons (GRT).

### Wolfpacks

U-645 took part in eight wolfpacks, namely:
* Without name (5–10 May 1943)
* Isar (10 – 15 May 1943)
* Donau 1 (15 – 26 May 1943)
* Leuthen (15 – 24 September 1943)
* Rossbach (24 September – 9 October 1943)
* Coronel 2 (13 – 14 December 1943)
* Coronel 3 (14 – 17 December 1943)
* Borkum (18 – 24 December 1943)

### Fate

U-645 has been missing since 12 December 1943 in the North Atlantic northwest of Spain.

### Previously recorded fate

U-645 was sunk on 24 December 1943 in the North Atlantic in position 45°20′N 21°40′W﻿ / ﻿45.333°N 21.667°W﻿ / 45.333; -21.667, by depth charges from USS Schenck. All hands were lost.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) | Fate |
| 20 September 1943 | Frederick Douglass | United States | 7,176 | Sunk |
| 9 October 1943 | Yorkmarr | United States | 5,612 | Sunk |
# Snoop (software)

Snoop software is a command line packet analyzer included in the Solaris Operating System created by Sun Microsystems. Its source code was available via the OpenSolaris project.
# Sater

Sater may refer to:

## People

* Almir Sater, Brazilian singer-songwriter and actor
* David Sater, American politician in Missouri
* Dorothy Hayes Sater, American television reporter in Nebraska
* Felix Sater (born 1966), Russian-American mobster, real estate developer associated with Donald Trump
* Janet Sater, American mechanical engineer
* John Elbert Sater, American federal judge
* Paul Abdel Sater, Lebanese bishop of the Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch
* Steven Sater, American playwright and screenwriter

## Places

* Säter, a small city in central Sweden
* Säter Municipality based on Säter
# Barbara Mertens

Barbara Mertens (21 May 1968 – 4 June 2021) was a Belgian journalist and television presenter.

## Biography

Mertens earned her license in journalism from the Université libre de Bruxelles and became Editor-in-Chief of the radio network Bel RTL in 2009 and presented the program Bel-RTL Matin weekly alongside Thomas Van Hamme until 2014. She then presented the program with Pascal Vrebos [fr]. She also presented television programs with RTL-TVI.
Barbara Mertens died on 4 June 2021 at the age of 53.
# Barajas bombing

Barajas bombing may refer to
* July 1979 Madrid bombings
* 2006 Madrid-Barajas Airport bombing
# Barry Milburn

Barry Douglas Milburn (born 24 November 1943) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played three Test matches for New Zealand in 1969.

## Cricket career

Milburn was born at Dunedin in 1943 and educated at King's High School in the city. A wicket-keeper and lower-order right-handed batsman, he played first-class cricket for Otago from 1963–64 to 1982–83.
He was one of a succession of New Zealand Test wicketkeepers of modest batting ability in the mid to late 1960s, and was first choice for only one Test series, the three matches in New Zealand against the West Indies in 1968-69 when, like his immediate predecessor Roy Harford, he batted at number 11. Milburn also toured England in 1969 and India and Pakistan in 1969–70, but Ken Wadsworth, a better batsman, played as the principal keeper on both tours. An injury in the later stages of the England tour did not help Milburn's cause at a time when Wadsworth was struggling for runs.
Milburn dropped out of first-class cricket after the 1973–74 season, but returned to play for Otago in 1980–81. He scored a century in his comeback match against Wellington, when he went in as nightwatchman, and Otago went on to win by one wicket. His next highest score in a 19-year career was only 36. He finally retired after the 1982–83 season.

## Later life

Milburn was the wicket-keeping coach at the New Zealand Cricket Academy for five years. He was also a hockey player and umpire in Otago.
Later Milburn lived in Queensland for 18 years, managing apartment buildings. He retired and returned to New Zealand in 2016, to live in Mosgiel, near Dunedin. He has three daughters and lives with his wife Jen. Their daughter Rowan kept wicket for both the Netherlands and New Zealand at international level in the 2000s.
# Barthélemy

Barthélemy, or Barthélémy is a French name, a cognate of Bartholomew. Notable people with this name include:

## Given name

* Barthélemy (explorer), French youth who accompanied the explorer de La Salle in 1687
* Barthélémy Bisengimana, Congolese chief of staff to President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire
* Barthélemy Boganda (1910–1959), politician and advocate for the independence of Oubangui-Chari, which later became the Central African Republic
* Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville (1625–1695), French Orientalist
* Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741–1819), French geologist and traveler
* Barthélemy Hauréau (Jean-Barthélémy) (1812–1896), French historian and writer
* Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin (1796–1864), French social reformer
* Barthélémy Thomas Strafforello (1764–1845), French politician.

## Surname or title

* Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy (1821–1904), French archaeologist and numismatist
* Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy (1796–1867), French satirical poet
* Emmanuel Barthélemy (1820–1855), French revolutionary and political exile
* François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy (c. 1750–1830), French politician
* Jean-Jacques Barthélemy (1716–1795), French writer and numismatist
* Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire (1805–1895), French philosopher and statesman
* René Barthélemy, (1889–1954), French engineer, co-inventor of television
* Rances Barthelemy, (born 1986), Cuban boxer
* Sidney Barthelemy, (born 1942), 58th Mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana.
# Barthruhari

Barthruhari is a 1944 Indian Tamil language historical drama film produced by K. Subrahmanyam, who co-directed it with C. S. V. Iyer. The film stars Serukalathur Sama and B. Jayamma, with G. Pattu Iyer, N. S. Krishnan, V. N. Janaki and T. A. Mathuram in supporting roles. Based on the life of the king Bharthari, it was released on 13 April 1944 and failed commercially.

## Plot

King Barthruhari is married to 300 wives. He spends most of his time with the youngest of them and his most favourite, Pingala. The chief groom of the king's horses, Aswapaalan resorts to thievery to satisfy the needs of his mistress, Sundari. The people who were robbed complain to the king, who decides to find the culprit and punish him. Through sheer happenstance, Aswapaalan meets Pingala and both start having an extramarital affair without the king's knowledge.
Vikramadityan, the king's brother, catches Aswapaalan one night and puts him in custody in Pingala's palace. To escape from the situation lest her affair with Aswapaalan is discovered, complains to Barthruhari that Vikramadityan tried to seduce her, which Vikramadityan denies. The king immediately banishes Vikramadityan without looking into the matter properly. Later, the king realises that his younger brother was telling the truth when he sees Aswapaalan and Pingala together. Shocked and aggrieved, he gives up his throne, brings Vikramadityan back and crowns him as the new king. Barthruhari then becomes a hermit and retires to the forest to do penance.

## Cast

* Serukalathur Sama as Barthruhari
* B. Jayamma as Pingala
* G. Pattu Iyer as Vikramadityan
* N. S. Krishnan as Aswapaalan
* V. N. Janaki as Pingala's companion
* T. A. Mathuram as Sundari

## Production

K. Subrahmanyam co-produced the film under his own banner Madras United Artistes Corporation with Kalaivani Films. C. V. Ramakrishnan worked as the film's cinematographer. Both Nagoor and S. R. Sarma were in charge of the production design. Principal photography for the film was done at Newtone Studio.
Bharthruhari featured intimate romance sequences between Jayamma and Krishnan which, according to film critic and historian Randor Guy, "people thought was in bad taste" and that it was "certainly far ahead of the times". These scenes generated controversy for the film, Jayamma and Krishnan.

## Soundtrack

V. S. Parthasarathy Iyengar composed the film's music and score while Papanasam Sivan, Rajagopal Iyer and Udumalai Narayana Kavi wrote the lyrics for the songs. Jayamma and Krishnan sang a duet in the film.

### Some songs

* Neere Neere Maaran – B. Jayamma
* Umaiyodu – Serukalathur Sama, B. Jayamma

## Release and reception

Barthruhari was released on 13 April 1944, and was distributed by SIP. The film received neither positive critical response nor commercial success, with the intimate scenes between Jayamma and Krishnan adversely impacting its box office performance.
# Sauveur

Sauveur is French for "savior" and is also a family name.
Sauveur may refer to:

## Saint Savour

* Saint-Sauveur (disambiguation)

## As a name

* Albert Sauveur (1863–1939), American metallurgist
* Joseph Sauveur (1653–1716), French mathematician
* Rich Sauveur (born 1963), American baseball player
# Sawran

Sawran may refer to:
* Sawran (Kazakhstan)
* Sawran, Syria
# Bartholomeus Maton

Bartholomeus Maton (1641 – after 1684) was a Dutch Golden Age painter active in Sweden.

## Biography

He was born in Leiden to Huguenot parents where he became a pupil of Gerard Dou who taught him the art of painting in the fijnschilder style. In 1671 he became a member of the Leiden Guild of St. Luke and in 1674-1675 he was headman. In 1679 he is registered as a wine dealer in Stockholm, where he painted for the son of the gun merchant Louis De Geer (1587–1652), but by 1680 he was back in Amsterdam where his will was drawn up. In 1682 he sold a house in Leiden. After 1682 nothing more is known of him, but he probably died in Stockholm after 1684.
# Barrel of a Gun (disambiguation)

"Barrel of a Gun" is a 1997 song by Depeche Mode.
Barrel of a Gun may also refer to:
* "Barrel of a Gun", a song by Guster from Lost and Gone Forever
* The Barrel of a Gun, documentary about Mumia Abu-Jamal by Tigre Hill
# Barrel of land

A barrel of land (Danish: tønde land, Norwegian: tønneland, Swedish: tunnland, Finnish: tynnyrinala) is a Scandinavian unit of area. The word may originate from the area of fields one could seed with a barrel of grain seeds. The acre is the equivalent Anglo-Saxon unit. Because the barrel sizes varied by country, the area unit does too. One barrel can be approximated as half a hectare.

## Per country
### Denmark

In Denmark, the tønde was used as an official area unit until the introduction of the metric system in 1907. A tønde was divided in 8 skæpper, a skæppe was divided into 4 fjerdingkar, and a fjerdingkar into 3 album.

### Norway

A tønneland was divided in 4 mål. Nowadays, a mål corresponds to 1,000 square meters in everyday speech.

### Sweden

The unit was officially surveyed and standardized in the 1630s, and set to 14,000 Swedish square ells, i.e. 56,000 Swedish square feet. One tunnland was divided into 56 kannland, 32 kappland, 6 skäppland, or 2 lopsland.

### Finland

In Finland, the Swedish units that were officially defined in the 1630s were used, but with Finnish names: one tynnyrinala (tunnland) corresponding to 32 kapanala (kappland) or 2 panninala (lopsland).

## In modern units

* Danish tønde land: 5,516.2 square metres (1.3631 acres)
* Norwegian tønneland: 3,939 square metres (0.973 acres)
* Swedish tunnland: 4,936.38 square metres (1.21981 acres)
* Finnish tynnyrinala: 4,936.38 square metres (1.21981 acres)
# Eoferreola

Eoferreola is a genus of spider wasps in the family Pompilidae. There are about 13 described species in Eoferreola, found in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia.

## Species

These 13 species belong to the genus Eoferreola:
* Eoferreola alwahaibii Schmid-Egger, 2018
* Eoferreola anatolica Priesner, 1973
* Eoferreola claripennis (Priesner, 1966)
* Eoferreola cyrenaica (Guiglia, 1941)
* Eoferreola erythraea (Pallas, 1773)
* Eoferreola filiantennata Wolf & Mozcar, 1972
* Eoferreola manticata (Pallas, 1771)
* Eoferreola mixta (Tournier, 1895)
* Eoferreola neftae Schmid-Egger in Wahis & Schmid-Egger, 2002
* Eoferreola rhombica (Christ, 1791) (Europe)
* Eoferreola syraensis (Radoszkowski, 1889)
* Eoferreola thoracica (Rossi, 1794)
* Eoferreola variabilis (Eversmann, 1849)
# Enneabatrachus

Enneabatrachus (meaning "[Quarry] nine frog") is an extinct genus of prehistoric frogs known from the late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the United States and also the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Ksar Metlili Formation of Morocco. The type species is E. hechti (named in 1993), whose remains have been recovered from stratigraphic zone 5.
One specimen has been recovered from Quarry 9 of Como Bluff in Wyoming and another specimen was later reported from Dinosaur National Monument. The Como Bluff specimen was an ilium only a few millimeters long. Indeterminate specimens are known from Morocco.
E. hechti's live weight would have only been a few grams.
# Bartolomé Saravi

Bartolomé Saraví (1797–1862) was an Argentine army officer who toke part in the Argentine War of Independence. He served as General Minister of La Rioja Province, Argentina during the government of Vicente Mota in 1847.

## Biography

He was born in Buenos Aires, the son of Ramón Saraví and Margarita Melo, belonging to a distinguished Creole family. He did his elementary studies in Colegio Nacional de Monserrat, and completed his tertiary studies at the University of Córdoba. He served as a militia lieutenant in the Regimiento de Húsares de Buenos Aires, participating in some of the major skirmishes occurred towards the end of the War of Independence.
He also had an active participation in the Argentine civil wars serving in the ranks of Unitarian Army, and later to the cause of Argentine Confederation.. In 1840 he was deposed from the post of Juez de paz of Carmen de Areco by order of Hilario Lagos due to disagreements with Juan Manuel de Rosas. Years later in 1847 he was appointed to the post of Minister General of La Rioja by then-Governor Vicente Maza, a politician of Federal leaning deposed from office in 1848.
In 1852 he joined the Ejército Grande participating in the Battle of Caseros against the troops of Juan Manuel de Rosas.

## Family

Bartolomé Saraví was married to Simona Blanco, daughter of Ramón Blanco and Basilia Biaus, belonging to a family of landowners of Carmen de Areco. He and his wife were parents of Federico Saraví, married to Luisa Walker Serrano, the sister of Abraham Walker, and Mariano Saraví, husband of Juana Hardy, daughter of Pilar Sosa and Tomás Hardy, an English immigrant.
His son Fermín Saravi, a Captain of the Argentine army, was married to Faustina Canavery, daughter of Joaquín Canavery and María Ana Bayá, belonging to a Creole family of Irish roots.
His father Ramón Saraví, was killed while defending the city against the British during the first English Invasion of Buenos Aires.