OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DyP-type peroxidase family

In molecular biology, the DyP-type peroxidase family is a family of haem peroxidase enzymes. Haem peroxidases were originally divided into two superfamilies, namely, the animal peroxidases and the plant peroxidases (which are subdivided into class I, II and III), which include fungal (class II) and bacterial peroxidases. The DyP (for dye de-colourising peroxidase) family constitutes a novel class of haem peroxidase. Because these enzymes were derived from fungal sources, the DyP family was thought to be structurally related to the class II secretory fungal peroxidases. However, the DyP family exhibits only low sequence similarity to classical fungal peroxidases, such as LiP and MnP, and does not contain the conserved proximal and distal histidines and an essential arginine found in other plant peroxidase superfamily members.
DyP proteins have several characteristics that distinguish them from all other peroxidases, including a particularly wide substrate specificity, a lack of homology to most other peroxidases, and the ability to function well under much lower pH conditions compared with the other plant peroxidases. In terms of substrate specificity, DyP degrades the typical peroxidase substrates, but also degrades hydroxyl-free anthraquinone (many dyes are derived from anthraquinone compounds).
Crystal structures of DyP family members reveal two domains, each one adopting a ferredoxin-like fold. The proteins consist of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain likely to be related by a duplication of an ancestral gene, as inferred from the conserved topology of the domains. The haem iron is penta-coordinated, with the protein contributing a conserved histidine ligand to the iron centre. A conserved Asp most likely acts as a proton donor/acceptor and takes the place of the catalytic histidine used by plant peroxidases. This Asp substitution helps explain why the DyP family is active at low pH.
# Duruçay, Kastamonu

Duruçay is a village in the Kastamonu District district of Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 271 (2021).
# Rowland Vaughan (poet)

Rowland Vaughan (c. 1590 – 18 September 1667) was a Welsh poet, translator and jurist.
Vaughan was the owner of Caer Gai, in the parish of Llanuwchlyn, Merioneth in Wales. His paternal family derived from the Vaughans of Llwydiarth. His mother Ellen came from the Nanney or Nannau estate in the same county. Vaughan's wife was from Llanuwchlyn.
Vaughan studied in Oxford where his two sons, John and Edward, were to follow him. He served as sheriff for Merioneth in 1643.
Vaughan was a staunch royalist follower of Charles I during the English Civil War. Following Charles' defeat at the Siege of Chester in 1646, Vaughan was imprisoned for about a year. Around this time his farm was burnt by Parliamentary forces.
After his release from prison, Vaughan focused on rebuilding his finance and exchanging literary works with local poets. Vaughan's translations are of a generally high standard, of works largely Calvinist in content but within a royalist and Anglican context.
After Vaughan's death in 1667, his papers ended up in Brogyntyn (or Porkington), the Ormsby-Gore residence . After the foundation of the National Library of Wales, the papers were filed in the Brogyntyn Collection of the Department of Manuscripts at Aberystwyth.
Vaughan's land-holdings passed to several generations of his descendants but ultimately merged with those of Syr Watkin Williams Wyn circa 1740

## Works

* Yr Ymarfer o Dduwioldeb (1630)
* Eikon Basilike (c. 1650)
* Yr Arfer o Weddi yr Arglwydd (1658)
* Pregeth yn Erbyn Schism (1658)
* Prifannau Sanctaidd neu Lawlyfr o Weddiau (1658)
* Ymddiffyniad Rhag Pla o Schism (1658)
* Prifannau Crefydd Gristnogol (1658)
* Evchologia: neu Yr Athrawiaeth i arferol weddio (1660)
* Carolau a Dyriau Duwiol (1729)
# Dyckia selloa

Dyckia selloa is a plant species in the genus Dyckia. This species is endemic to Brazil.
# Staircase voltammetry

Staircase voltammetry is a derivative of linear sweep voltammetry. In linear sweep voltammetry the current at a working electrode is measured while the potential between the working electrode and a reference electrode is swept linearly in time. Oxidation or reduction of species is registered as a peak or trough in the current signal at the potential at which the species begins to be oxidized or reduced.
In staircase voltammetry, the potential sweep is a series of stair steps. The current is measured at the end of each potential change, right before the next, so that the contribution to the current signal from the capacitive charging current is reduced.
# St. Philip's College

St. Philip's College may refer to:
* St. Philip's Christian College (New South Wales, Australia), an independent co-educational Christian school
* St. Philip's College (Northern Territory, Australia), a private, coeducational boarding school
* St. Philip's College (United States), a community college in San Antonio, Texas
# Systoloneura

Systoloneura is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.

## Species

* Systoloneura geometropis (Meyrick, 1936)
* Systoloneura randiae Vári, 1961
# Systolocranius

Systolocranius is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. There are more than 20 described species in Systolocranius, found in Africa, India, and Blangladesh.

## Species

These 28 species belong to the genus Systolocranius:
* Systolocranius alternans Chaudoir, 1882 (Mozambique, South Africa)
* Systolocranius ampliolatus Péringuey, 1926 (Mozambique, Zimbabwe)
* Systolocranius brachymorphus Chaudoir, 1882 (Senegal/Gambia)
* Systolocranius brachypterus Basilewsky, 1949 (Central African Republic)
* Systolocranius carinatus Lecordier, 1972 (Kenya)
* Systolocranius centralis Lecordier, 1972 (DR Congo)
* Systolocranius curtus Basilewsky, 1949 (Tanzania, Mozambique)
* Systolocranius depressus Alluaud, 1923 (Somalia)
* Systolocranius discrepans Péringuey, 1908 (Zimbabwe)
* Systolocranius elongatus Chaudoir, 1882 (Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe)
* Systolocranius giganteus (Chaudoir, 1854) (Senegal/Gambia, South Africa)
* Systolocranius girardi Lecordier, 1972 (Ivory Coast)
* Systolocranius goryi (Gory, 1833) (Africa)
* Systolocranius ingens Alluaud, 1934 (DR Congo)
* Systolocranius linea (Wiedemann, 1821) (Bangladesh, India)
* Systolocranius lucidulus Chaudoir, 1882 (Somalia, Tanzania)
* Systolocranius luvungiensis Burgeon, 1935 (DR Congo)
* Systolocranius mandibularis Basilewsky, 1948 (Benin)
* Systolocranius parumpunctatus Lecordier, 1972 (DR Congo)
* Systolocranius perrieri (Fairmaire, 1903) (Madagascar)
* Systolocranius protenius Basilewsky, 1949 (Tanzania)
* Systolocranius ruandanus Lecordier, 1972 (Rwanda)
* Systolocranius senegalensis Gemminger & Harold, 1868 (Senegal/Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, DR Congo)
* Systolocranius sulcipennis Chaudoir, 1882 (Africa)
* Systolocranius tibialis Lecordier, 1972 (Angola)
* Systolocranius uelensis Burgeon, 1935 (Senegal/Gambia, ]]Guinea-Bissau]], Ivory Coast, Cameroon, DR Congo)
* Systolocranius valens Lecordier, 1986 (Ivory Coast, DR Congo)
* Systolocranius zavattarii G.Müller, 1941 (Ethiopia)
# Systolic category

The systole (or systolic category) is a numerical invariant of a closed manifold M, introduced by Mikhail Katz and Yuli Rudyak in 2006, by analogy with the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category. The invariant is defined in terms of the systoles of M and its covers, as the largest number of systoles in a product yielding a curvature-free lower bound for the total volume of M. The invariant is intimately related to the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category. Thus, in dimensions 2 and 3, the two invariants coincide. In dimension 4, the systolic category is known to be a lower bound for the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category.
# Systolic freedom

In differential geometry, systolic freedom refers to the fact that closed Riemannian manifolds may have arbitrarily small volume regardless of their systolic invariants. That is, systolic invariants or products of systolic invariants do not in general provide universal (i.e. curvature-free) lower bounds for the total volume of a closed Riemannian manifold.
Systolic freedom was first detected by Mikhail Gromov in an I.H.É.S. preprint in 1992 (which eventually appeared as Gromov 1996), and was further developed by Mikhail Katz, Michael Freedman and others. Gromov's observation was elaborated on by Marcel Berger (1993). One of the first publications to study systolic freedom in detail is by Katz (1995).
Systolic freedom has applications in quantum error correction. Croke & Katz (2003) survey the main results on systolic freedom.

## Example

The complex projective plane admits Riemannian metrics of arbitrarily small volume, such that every essential surface is of area at least 1. Here a surface is called "essential" if it cannot be contracted to a point in the ambient 4-manifold.

## Systolic constraint

The opposite of systolic freedom is systolic constraint, characterized by the presence of systolic inequalities such as Gromov's systolic inequality for essential manifolds.
# Gianni Francesco Mattioli

Gianni Francesco Mattioli (born 29 January 1940 in Genoa) is an Italian politician and university professor.

## Biography

Mattioli graduated with a def in physics in 1964 with a thesis on the diffusion of high energy particles. In 1973 he became a professor of the same subject at La Sapienza University of Rome, conducting research in the field of quantum mechanics and rational mechanics.
In 1978, Mattioli founded the "Committee for the Control of Energy Choices", together with Massimo Scalia. He began his anti-nuclear commitment in the International Fellowship of Reconciliation in Rome. In 1981, he founded the magazine Quale energia?, of which he was director for six years.
In 1987, Mattioli was elected deputy among the ranks of the Greens, of which he was also president from 1988 to 1992. He was re-elected deputy also in 1992, 1994 and 1996. In 1996, he was appointed undersecretary of public works in the first Prodi government; in those years, he joined the executive committee of Legambiente. From 2000 to 2001, he also served as Minister of Community Policies in the Amato II Cabinet, after his party colleague, Edo Ronchi, refused this post.
On 20 December 2009, Mattioli joined the national coordination of Left Ecology Freedom, of which he later became responsible for environmental policies.

## Honours and awards

* Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2001)
# Stane Šporn

Stane Šporn (1 April 1904 – 31 December 1944) was a Yugoslav long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Gibbosporina elixii

Gibbosporina elixii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It is endemic to Queensland, Australia. The lichen was described as a new species in 2016 by Arve Elvebakk, Soon Gyu Hong, and Per Magnus Jørgensen. The specific epithet honours Australian lichenologist John Alan Elix. He collected the type from Mossman Gorge National Park, where he found it growing on the base of a tree in a tropical rainforest along Mossman River. It has also been found in the Cardwell Range.
# Gibbosporina mascarena

Gibbosporina mascarena is a species of foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016 by Arve Elvebakk, Soon Gyu Hong, and Per Magnus Jørgensen. The specific epithet mascarena ("from the Mascarenes") refers to Réunion and Mauritius. The lichen occurs in Réunion, Mauritius, and Sri Lanka, where it grows on tree trunks in tropical forests at altitudes of 500–700 m (1,600–2,300 ft).
# Gibbosporina papillospora

Gibbosporina papillospora is a species of foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016 by Norwegian lichenologist Arve Elvebakk. The type was collected from Mount Mariveles (Bataan province, Philippines) by American botanist Elmer Drew Merrill in 1908. The specific epithet nitida, derived from the Latin papilla ("small wart" or "nipple"), refers to the irregular surface of the perispore (the outer covering of the spore). The lichen is only known to occur in the Philippines.
# Gewane

Gewane is a town in north-eastern Ethiopia. Located in Administrative Zone 3 of the Afar Region, it has an elevation of 618 meters above sea level. Gewane is locally known as New Gewane, 2 kilometers east of the original settlement known as Old Gewane; the town was relocated astride the main, all-weather highway. It is the administrative center of Gewane woreda.

## Overview

Philip Briggs has described Gewane as "a somewhat unremarkable urban sprawl, distinguished only by the imposing presence of Mount Azelu, an isolated peak of volcanic origin which rises almost 1,000m above the surrounding plains east of the town." The headquarters of the Yangudi Rassa National Park are located in Gewane.
The British explorer L.M. Nesbitt, who travelled through the area in 1928, described his stay of a couple of days in a village in Gewane, entertained by the local chief Abdul Momi, whom he described as "the Falstaff of Gewani". The Afar National Liberation Movement (ANLM), run by young intellectuals who had split from the Afar Liberation Front (ALF), met in Gewane with the Derg in April 1976 at an Afar congress. Afterwards a number of ANLM members were appointed to local administrative positions, which weakened both the ALF's military activity and political influence amongst the Afar. The weekly newspaper Tobiya reported in January 1996 that three high ranking employees of the Water Resource and Development Authority had been killed near the town.

## Demographics

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 11,032, of whom 6,304 are men and 4,728 are women. According to the 1996 national census this town had a population of 8,600.
# Szegedin Highflyer

The Szegedin Highflyer is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Szegedin Highflyers, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). The breed belongs to the Flying/Sporting pigeons group.

## Origin

The breed was developed in Hungary (Szeged and other cities). Originally brought up from the Orient. Also known as a crested Tippler.
# Gidea Park Carriage Holding Sidings

Gidea Park Carriage Holding Sidings is a stabling point located in Gidea Park, Greater London, England. The depot is situated on the Great Eastern Main Line and is near Gidea Park station.

## History

In 1990, Class 321 EMUs were seen at the depot as well as Class 315s.

## Present

As of 2023, the depot has no allocation. It was, a stabling point for Elizabeth line Class 315 EMUs until 2022.
# Gidea Park Sports Ground

Gidea Park Sports Ground is a cricket ground in Gidea Park, Romford, England. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1948, when the Essex Second XI played the Sussex Second XI in the Minor Counties Championship.
Essex played their first first-class match there in 1950, when they played Hampshire. From 1950 to 1968 the ground played host to 34 first-class matches, the last of which saw Essex play Surrey.
In local domestic cricket, the ground is the home venue of Gidea Park and Romford Cricket Club who play in the Essex Premier League.
# Gifford Guyot

The Lord Howe Seamount Chain of which Gifford Guyot is an eruptive centre, and part of a pair of coral-capped guyots, formed during the Miocene. The Gifford Marine Park is co-located off the Queensland coast near Brisbane.

## Geology

The Gifford guyots are two flat‐topped basaltic seamounts, now caped with carbonate sediments with the larger Gifford Guyot dated at 15.6 million years ago but the smaller unnamed seamount of unknown age. They both raise from an abyssal plain 3.4 km (2.1 mi) below sea level to generally flat summits that are about 250 m (820 ft) below sea level. This summit plateau is about 55 km$^2$ (21 sq mi) for the unnamed guyot), and 350 km$^2$ (140 sq mi) in area for Gifford Guyot itself.
# Sülze

Sülze is the German word for food in aspic.
Sülze may refer to:
* Head cheese or brawn, when set in aspic
* Sülze (Bergen), a part of Bergen on the Lüneburg Heath in Germany
* Sülze Saltworks, on the Lüneburg Heath in Germany which was worked from the High Middle Ages to 1862
* Bad Sülze, a town in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany
* Sülze (Elbe), a river of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, tributary of the Elbe
* Sülze (Werra), a river of Thuringia, Germany, tributary of the Werra
* Kleine Sülze, a river of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, tributary of the Schrote
* Große Sülze, a river of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, tributary of the Schrote
# Sülzburgstraße station

Sülzburgstraße is a station on the Cologne Stadtbahn line 18, located in the Cologne district of Lindenthal. The station lies on Luxemburger Straße at its junction with the shopping street Sülzburgstraße, after which the station is named.
The station was opened in 1898 and consists of one island platform with two rail tracks.
# Ghana Climate Innovation Centre

The Ghana Climate Innovation Centre (GCIC) is a World Bank InfoDev Climate development program center that provides support to small and medium enterprises and startups in developing business concepts that are profitable and can help solve climate change mitigation and adaptation in Ghana.

## Establishment and team

The centre was established in 2016 and located in Accra. It was started up with funding from the Governments of Denmark and the Netherlands through the World Bank's Climate Technology Program.
The centre is managed by a consortium that includes: Ashesi University College, Ernst & Young, SNV Ghana, and the United Nations University, Institute for Natural Resources in Africa. Each member of the group plays different roles in the overall success of the project.
Ashesi University College provides entrepreneurship and venture acceleration. Ernst & Young (EY) provides access to finance, and SNV Ghana and United Nations University Institute for Natural Resources in Africa provide technology and product development, market growth and access, as well as policy and regulation support respectively.

## Services and initiatives

Their services are targeted to businesses that are into; energy efficiency & renewable energy, solar power, climate smart agriculture, domestic waste management, water management and purification. Their services include :
* Provision of premium business advisory and business mentoring service
* Technical support in the development
* Prototyping and testing of their innovation,
* Financial Proof of Concept grant.
The Executive Director of the centre is Madam Ruka Sanusi.
# Séminaire Sainte-Marie

Séminaire Sainte-Marie is a French-speaking and Catholic private school based in Shawinigan, Quebec.

## History

The institution was founded in 1950 as an all-boy classical college. In the wake of the education reform implemented during the Quiet Revolution, the Séminaire became a secondary school (middle and high school levels) and opened its doors to female students.
Well until the late 1980s, it offered compulsory Latin studies. The school has been hosting an IB Diploma Programme since 1998.

## Prominent alumni

The Séminaire's former students include:

### Federal politics

* Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003
* Gilles Grondin, former Member of the Parliament of Canada

### Provincial politics

* Yves Duhaime
* Jean-Pierre Jolivet
* Claude Pinard
* Luc Trudel

### Others

* Martin Gélinas, professional ice hockey player
* Éveline Gélinas, actress
# Gilbert Bougnol

Gilbert or Émile Bougnol (31 August 1866 in Saint-Myon, France – 20 October 1947 in Rueil-Malmaison, France) was a French professional fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the silver medal in the masters épée.
# Sąpolno Człuchowskie railway station

Sąpolno Człuchowskie is a former PKP railway station in Sąpolno Człuchowskie (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
# Gillian Clark (historian)

Edith Gillian Clark FBA is a British historian, who is Professor Emerita of Ancient History at the University of Bristol. She retired from the University of Bristol in 2010. Clark is known for her work on the history, literature, and religion of late antiquity.

## Education and career

Clark studied Greek and Latin language and literature, ancient history, and philosophy at Somerville College, Oxford. She received her Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from the University of Oxford. She has taught at the universities of Glasgow, St Andrews, Manchester, Liverpool and Bristol.
Clark is currently working on a commentary of Augustine of Hippo's City of God, under contract with Oxford University Press. She is a Fellow of the British Academy and an editor for the Translated Texts for Historians 300–800 series, published by Liverpool University Press. She is editor of the series Oxford Early Christian Studies and Oxford Early Christian Texts, published by Oxford University Press. An event, "Christianity and Roman Society: A Colloquium for Professor Gillian Clark", was held in her honour in 2011 at the University of Bristol and a Festschrift was published in 2014 as a result.

## Selected bibliography

* Commentary on Augustine City of God, Books 6-10 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023)
* Commentary on Augustine City of God, Books 1-5 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021)
* Monica: An Ordinary Saint (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
* Being Christian in Late Antiquity: A Festschrift for Gillian Clark, edited by Carol Harrison, Caroline Humfress, and Isabella Sandwell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014)
* On Abstinence from Killing Animals (London: Bloomsbury, 2014)
* Late Antiquity: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)
* Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity (Farnham: Ashgate, 2011)
* Christianity and Roman Society (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004)
* Philosophy and Power in the Graeco-Roman World: Essays in Honour of Miriam Griffin, edited by Gillian Clark and Tessa Rajak (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002)
* Confessions. Books I–IV (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1995)
* Augustine: The Confessions (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1993)
* Women in the Ancient World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989)
# St Mary Magdalene (Piero di Cosimo)

St Mary Magdalene Reading is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo. It is housed in the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica of Palazzo Barberini, Rome.

## Description

The work depicts Mary Magdalene at a window-like table, reading a bible. She is dressed in a contemporary multicolor gown and cape; she is identifiable as the Magdalen by her long slightly curled hair draping over her shoulders and the bottle of unguent on the shelf beside her. She wears a ring of pearls in her hair. Around her hair a filigree of a halo. On the sill is the painter's signature. The use of shadows to give dimension to the face, and the settled pose of the Magdalen, identify the work as emerging from Piero di Cosimo's late works, influence by Leonardo da Vinci. The intended patron of the work is not identified. Mary Magdalen paintings were sometimes desired by individuals bearing the name, however, there were also monasteries dedicated to fallen women which were often dedicated to this saint.