OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al Jackson (disambiguation)

Al Jackson (1935–2019) was an American baseball player
Al Jackson may also refer to:
* Al Jackson (basketball) (born 1943), American basketball player
* Al Jackson Jr. (1935–1975), drummer, producer, and songwriter
* Al Jackson (artist) (born 1964), American artist and painter
* Alcender Jackson (born 1977), American football player
* Alvin B. Jackson, American politician
# Alamire

Alamire may refer to:
* Pierre Alamire, Flemish music copyist
* Alamire (consort), medieval and Renaissance music group
* Alamire, note name, see Guidonian hand
# Ramlösa

Ramlösa (Swedish pronunciation:) is a brand of carbonated mineral water from a source in Ramlösa Brunnspark in the southern part of Helsingborg, Sweden. Ramlösa goes back to the year 1707 when a mineral spa around the source was founded by Johan Jacob Döbelius.
Ramlösa is very common in northern Europe and is considered high-quality mineral water. Ramlösa is also popular outside Scandinavia and the water is exported as far as the United States, Middle East, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.
Ramlösa is today a wholly owned subsidiary of the Danish brewery group Carlsberg.
Swedish commercials for Ramlösa previously had voice-overs by actor Stellan Skarsgård.

## In popular culture
### Books

* American Psycho, Patrick Bateman, the novel’s main character, rates Ramlösa as "very good".
* The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest, the character Mikael Blomkvist requests the product as a favored drink.

### Film

* Ocean's Eleven (2001) shows the beverage several times in its blue waterdrop export bottle.
* The Player (1992), Tim Robbins's character declines a martini in favor of a glass of Ramlösa.

### Music

* "Socker", a song by the Swedish band Kent, includes a biblical reference: "and Ramlösa becomes wine".

### Television

* The Sopranos, season 2, episode 10, "Bust Out", mentions the beverage several times. Artie Bucco mentions he got “such a deal” on the Ramlösa.
* Designing Women, season 6, episode 1, "The Big Desk, Part 1", the beverage is referenced by Julia Duffy's character, Allison Sugarbaker.
# Ramlila in Chandigarh

Ramlila in Chandigarh is one of the most important cultural events of Chandigarh. Ramlila is regarded as dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Lord Rama. In Chandigarh, there are almost 60 places where Ramlila is being celebrated, out of which 40 are registered. There is committee named Chandigarh Kendriya Ramleela Mahasabha that connects all the city based 60 Ramlila event together by holding a three days competition between them. The Ramleela begin from the Amavasya to dashmi tithi of Ashwin month of Hindi Calendar. Navyug Ramlila and Dussehra Committee sector 7, Garhwal Ramleela Mandal, Bijali Board, Sector28, Chandigarh Ramleela committee sector-22B are few noted ones because Out of the forty, these three are oldest and each Ramlila pull the crowd of more than 10,000 people.
# Alan Permane

Alan Permane (born 4 February 1967) is a British Formula One engineer. He is the former sporting director at the Alpine Formula One team.

## Career

Permane started his career in motorsport in 1989 as a test electronics engineer for the Benetton F1 team. He was promoted to a junior race engineer in 1996 and then subsequently became a race engineer from 1997 to 2006 for the Enstone outfit as the team became Renault F1, engineering drivers such as Jarno Trulli and Giancarlo Fisichella. In 2007 he became the chief race engineer for Renault F1 and in 2011 the Chief Operating Officer. In 2012 Permane became the Sporting Director for the team now called Lotus F1 a position he retained as the team transitioned back into Renault F1 and then into Alpine F1 Team. On 28 July 2023, Permane was released by the team and his time with Alpine concluded after the Belgian Grand Prix.
Permane was announced to be joining the Visa Cash App RB F1 Team in 2024 as sporting director.
# Rancho Leonero

Rancho Leonero (est. 1986) is a Mexican vacation resort located on the East Cape of Baja California Sur, approximately 60 miles Northeast of Cabo San Lucas.

## Description

The Ranch comprises 300 acres of private land and 2 miles of beaches on the Gulf of California.
As of 2012, the Ranch has 35 rooms including Ocean View and Garden View Bungalows, a restaurant and bar. The resort also offers kayaks, all-terrain quads, horseback riding, snorkeling and scuba diving, an open-air gym with free weights and exercise equipment, and a pool. Rancho Leonero rents three types of vessels: panga, super panga, and cruiser. Guests also fish using kayaks. Activities at Rancho Leonero include fishing, kayaking, snorkeling, hiking and scuba diving. Fish that can be found in the Gulf of California within a mile of land are marlin, sails, wahoo, dolphins, roosterfish, and yellowfin tuna The ranch is only accessible by dirt road. The nearest towns are Los Barriles and Buena Vista to the North and La Ribera to the South. To reach Rancho Leonero Resort, visitors fly to the Los Cabos airport near Baja California's tip, then board a shuttle for an hourlong drive north.

## History

Rancho Leonero was founded by John Ireland. Previously, it had been the seasonal home of Gil Powell, a wildlife cinematographer and big-game hunter known for his movie shoots in Africa. The locals called Powell "El Leonero", or "The one who knows lions". During the late 1950s and 60's, some of Hollywood's rich and famous would fly down in private planes to fish. Among the visitors were Kipp "B.D." Champion, John Wayne, Errol Flynn, and Bing Crosby. After Powell's death in 1974, Rancho Leonero was unused until John Ireland purchased it in 1981. In 1984 Ireland started construction of the original five rooms of what was to become "The Inn at Rancho Leonero". The original ranch house became the bar and office for the current resort. In 1986 the Inn opened to its first guests.
On February 22, 2023, John Ireland announced his retirement and 2023 as the last year of the hotel's operation. In March 2023, ONE Development Group, a luxury real estate developer based in Monterrey, Mexico, acquired the Rancho Leonero property.

## Conservation

John Ireland took part in efforts to protect Pulmo reef from commercial net fishing starting in the mid-1990s. The Mexican government established an 11-mile-long marine reserve off Cabo Pulmo, a national park, to protect it from commercial fishing. Ireland and fellow resort owner Bobby Van Wormer pay the monthly salary of the federal fish and game officer who patrols the marine reserve, now a destination for snorkelers and scuba divers.
# Rastriya Praja Party

Rastriya Praja Party was a political party in Nepal, founded in 1952 when Matrika Prasad Koirala broke away from the Nepali Congress. As the leader of the party, M.P. Koirala was appointed prime minister by the King. The party did however, not develop any major support base of its own. A splinter group of the party did later join the Praja Parishad of Tanka Prasad Acharya.
# Albert Colbec

Albert Colbec (10 March 1884 – 16 July 1966) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1923 Tour de France.
# Alden Hanson House

The Alden Hanson House is a single-family home located at 1605 West St. Andrews Street in Midland, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## History

Alden Hanson, was a physicist with the Dow Chemical Company. In 1934, he hired his brother-in-law Alden B. Dow to design this house. Later that year, Hansen hired Trier Construction Company to build the house. Work began in September, and was substantially complete early in 1935.

## Description

The Alden Hanson House is a single-story International Style unit block house, with a long solid wall facing the street. Tall narrow living room windows project sightly from the wall at one end of the facade, giving a vertical component to the elevation. A massive chimney is sited at the corner. Behind the chimney is the entry to the house, set down several steps. Unit block planters nearby extend into the yard, and the garage sits at the rear of the house.
# Raphitoma maculosa

Raphitoma maculosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
This is a taxon inquirendum. It may be a divergent form of Raphitoma bicolor (Risso, 1826)

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Norway.
# Albrecht Agthe

Wilhelm Johann Albrecht Agthe (14 April 1790 – 8 October 1873) was a German music teacher.
Agthe was born in Ballenstedt to Karl Christian Agthe, a court organist and composer. He studied under Michael Gotthard Fischer in Erfurt, and in 1810 became a music teacher in Leipzig and a member of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. In 1823, he began teaching using Logier's method in Dresden; from 1826 in Posen (where he taught Theodor Kullak); from 1830 in Breslau; and from 1832 in Berlin, where he directed a music school for 13 years.
# Alces River

Alces River is a river in the north-eastern part of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a tributary of the Peace River. Alces River flows south and enters the Peace River at 56 01' 38" N 120 03' 20"W. It is about 70 kilometres (43 mi) long.
# Raul Gonzalez (journalist)

Raul S. Gonzalez (c. 1935 – May 15, 2013) was a Filipino journalist and columnist. Gonzalez served as the press secretary for President Diosdado Macapagal from 1961 to 1965.

## Academia

Gonzalez graduated from San Beda College. He began his career as a reporter for the now-defunct Manila Chronicle, becoming the recipient of a Fulbright Grant. He later served as the vice president of university relations for the University of the East.

## Career

He became vice president of public affairs for the Government Service Insurance System in 1986 in the wake of the People Power Revolution. He was appointed to the board of directors of the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp by both former President Corazon Aquino and current President Benigno Aquino III.
He worked as a columnist and op-ed writer for The Philippine Star, Evening Star, The Evening Paper and The Daily Tribune during his later career.

## Death

Gonzalez died from cancer on May 15, 2013, at the age of 78. He was survived by his wife, Jean, and four children - Richie, Giselle, Noel and Pierre.
# Rank SIFT

Rank SIFT algorithm is the revised SIFT (Scale-invariant feature transform) algorithm which uses ranking techniques to improve the performance of the SIFT algorithm. In fact, ranking techniques can be used in key point localization or descriptor generation of the original SIFT algorithm.

## SIFT With Ranking Techniques
### Ranking the Key Point

Ranking techniques can be used to keep certain number of key points which are detected by SIFT detector.
Suppose $\left\{I_{m},m=0,1,...M\right\}$ is a training image sequence and $p$ is a key point obtained by SIFT detector. The following equation determines the rank of $p$ in the key point set. Larger value of $R(p)$ corresponds to the higher rank of $p$.
$R(p\in I_{0})=\sum _{m}I(\min _{q\in I_{m}}{\lVert H_{m}(p)-q\rVert }_{2}<\epsilon ),$
where $I(.)$ is the indicator function, $H_{m}$ is the homography transformation from $I_{0}$ to $I_{m}$, and $\epsilon$ is the threshold.
Suppose $x_{i}$ is the feature descriptor of key point $p_{i}$ defined above. So $x_{i}$ can be labeled with the rank of $p_{i}$ in the feature vector space. Then the vector set $X_{featurespace}=\left\{{\vec {x}}_{1},{\vec {x}}_{2},...\right\}$ containing labeled elements can be used as a training set for the Ranking SVM problem.
The learning process can be represented as follows:
${\begin{array}{lcl}minimize:V({\vec {w}})={1 \over 2}{\vec {w}}\cdot {\vec {w}}\\s.t.\\{\begin{array}{lcl}\forall \ {\vec {x}}_{i}\ and\ {\vec {x}}_{j}\in X_{featurespace},\\{\vec {w}}^{T}({\vec {x}}_{i}-{\vec {x}}_{j})\geqq 1\quad if\ R(p_{i}\in I_{0})>R(p_{j}\in I_{0}).\end{array}}\end{array}}$
The obtained optimal ${\vec {w}}^{*}$ can be used to order the future key points.

### Ranking the Elements of Descriptor

Ranking techniques also can be used to generate the key point descriptor.
Suppose ${\vec {X}}=\left\{x_{1},...,x_{N}\right\}$ is the feature vector of a key point and the elements of ${R}=\left\{r_{1},...r_{N}\right\}$ is the corresponding rank of $x_{i}$ in $X$. $r_{i}$ is defined as follows:
$r_{i}=\left\vert \left\{x_{k}:x_{k}\geqq x_{i}\right\}\right\vert .$
After transforming original feature vector ${\vec {X}}$ to the ordinal descriptor ${\vec {R}}$, the difference between two ordinal descriptors can be evaluated in the following two measurements.
* The Spearman correlation coefficient
The Spearman correlation coefficient also refers to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. For two ordinal descriptors ${\vec {R}}$ and ${\vec {R}}^{'}$, it can be proved that
$\rho ({\vec {R}},{\vec {R}}^{'})=1-{6\sum _{i=1}^{N}(r_{i}-r_{i}^{'})^{2} \over N(N^{2}-1)}$
* The Kendall's Tau
The Kendall's Tau also refers to Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient. In the above case, the Kendall's Tau between $R$ and $R^{'}$ is
$\tau ({\vec {R}},{\vec {R}}^{'})={2\sum _{i=1}^{N}\sum _{j=i+1}^{N}s(r_{i}-r_{j},r_{i}^{'}-r_{j}^{'}) \over N(N-1)},$
$where\quad s(a,b)={\begin{cases}1,&{\text{if }}sign(a)=sign(b)\\-1,&o.w.\end{cases}}$
# Rank (surname)

Rank is the surname of:
* J. Arthur Rank, 1st Baron Rank (1888–1972), British industrialist and film producer
* Joseph Rank (1854-1943), founder of Rank Hovis McDougall, one of the UK's largest food production and flour-milling businesses
* Otto Rank (1884–1939), Austrian psychoanalyst, writer, teacher, and therapist
* Michael Rank (1950-2017), journalist, translator and China and Tibet specialist
# Albert Thomas (cricketer)

Albert Edward Thomas (born 7 June 1893) was a Welsh cricketer who played for Northamptonshire (Northants) from 1919 to 1933 and Wales in 1927. Thomas was a righthanded batsman and bowled right arm fast-medium pace. He took a career total of 817 wickets for Northants making him the club's fifth highest wicket taker. He died on 21 March 1965 in Kidderminster.

## Career

(Adapted from the book '100 greats of Northamptonshire County Cricket Club); Thomas bowled over 63,000 balls for Northamptonshire, and opposing batsmen scored off of the Welsh medium-pacer at an average of just under two runs an over. It was his control that was a significant feature of the clubs bowling attack following the First World War. Furthermore, his approach to life mirrored his approach to cricket; sound, level-headed and a calming influence on some of his more temperamental colleagues. Billeted in Northampton during the war years, Thomas had attracted the attention of groundsman Alf Stockwin when he came to bowl in the nets at Wantage Road. His debut, against the Australian Imperial Forces side in 1919, was not a great success, but Northampton Grammar School took him on as groundsman and coach, giving Northamptonshire the opportunity to keep tabs on him. They decided to take another look and he justified their interest with 9–30 against Yorkshire at Bradford in 1920 with the last seven wickets only costing him six runs, and one lifting ball hit wicketkeeper Walter Buswell in the eye and put him out of the match. Only 'Bumper' Wells' dismissal of Roy Kilner prevented the county's first 'all-ten'.
His place in the squad secure, Thomas proceeded to record some staggering analyses over the next decade. In 1926, against Leicestershire at Aylestone Road, he took 2-42 from 45 overs; and that was a costly effort compared to his 3-17 from 34 overs, including 23 maidens, on the same ground in 1930. That same season saw him earn a £2 bonus from the Mayor of Northampton after he and Vallance Jupp skittled Bill Woodfull's Australians, including Donald Bradman, for 93 and made them follow on. Another touring side to fall foul of him were the 1924 South Africans, against whom he claimed 8-96, and Thomas represented the Players against the Gentlemen at Lords in 1928.
An elbow injury, which necessitated surgery, ended his county career in 1933, he was granted a testimonial which didn't amount to much, and turned to the Birmingham League where he sent down many more maidens for Kidderminster, Aston Unity and Old Hill before putting away his boots in 1948.
# Ravinder Nath Bhardwaj

Air Marshal Ravinder Nath Bhardwaj PVSM MVC VM is a retired officer of the Indian Air Force and a recipient of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Maha Vir Chakra (India's second highest gallantry Award) and the Vayu Sena Medal.

## Early life

Air Marshal Ravinder Nath Bhardwaj was born in Lahore, Undivided British India in July 1935. His father is Shri P. N. Bhardwaj.

## Military career

Bhardwaj was commissioned into the Indian Air Force (IAF) on 8 October 1955. He saw action in both the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistan Wars.
In January 1971, he served in an operational training squadron, where he instituted measures bringing about improved flying skills and knowledge of the trainees, for which he was awarded the Vayu Sena Medal.
During the 1971 war, he held the rank of squadron leader in No. 20 Squadron IAF, a fighter bomber squadron equipped with Hawker Hunter aircraft. As senior officer of the squadron, he led a number of deep penetration missions into Pakistani territory attacking heavily defended targets, including airfields, oil refineries and in support of ground operations. For bravery and leadership displayed in combat missions, Squadron Leader Ravinder Nath Bhardwaj was awarded the Mahavir Chakra, India's second highest gallantry award.
After the war, he went on to hold senior responsibilities:
* Director, Plans at Air Headquarters
* Air Officer Commanding of 15 Wing
* Deputy Commandant & Chief Instructor of National Defence Academy, Khadakvasla
* Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at Southern Air Command, Trivandrum
He rose to the rank of Air Marshal, before retiring on 31 Jul 1993.
# Rashtra

Rashtra is the word for "nation" in Sanskrit. Rashtriya is the adjectival form for Rashtra.

## Rashtra

* Gopa Rashtra, a kingdom in ancient India
* Hindu Rashtra (disambiguation)
* Rashtra Sevika Samiti, an Indian women volunteer organization, affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
* Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu?, 1947 book by Bengali Language Movement activist Abul Kashem

## Rashtriya

* National Assembly (Nepal) or Rastriya Sabha
* Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Indian Hindu-nationalist organisation
* Rashtriya Ispat Nigam, Indian steel company
* Muslim Rashtriya Manch, Indian Muslim organization, affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
# Alejo Durán

Gilberto Alejandro Durán Diaz, known to all as Alejo Durán or "El Negro Grande" (the great black Man) (February 9, 1919 – November 15, 1989) was a Colombian vallenato music traditional composer, singer and accordionist.
Duran was born in El Paso, Cesar and for most of his life he worked as a cowboy. He is notorious for lyrically "self-flagellating" himself in his songs. In 1968 Duran gained notoriety for winning the first version of the "Vallenato Legend Festival" in the city of Valledupar and is often cited as one of the best Vallenato musicians of all times. He died in Montería, Córdoba.
Colombian musician Carlos Vives did cover versions of his songs.
Popular songs he wrote include "Altos del Rosario", "Pedazo de Acordeón," "Fidelina," and "La Cachucha Bacana".
# Alessandro Peretti di Montalto

Alessandro Damasceni Peretti di Montalto (1571 – 2 June 1623) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal Bishop. He received the title from his great-uncle Felice Piergentile after the latter was elected Pope Sixtus V on 24 April 1585, in the consistory on 13 May, and was installed as Cardinal Deacon of San Girolamo dei Croati on 14 June 1585; the cardinal was then fourteen years old. The Republic of Venice inscribed him in the Libro d'Oro as a patrician of Venice that same year. Though he was made the permanent governor of Fermo the following year, and was often the papal legate in Bologna, he was not made a bishop until 1620, when he became Cardinal-Bishop of Albano. He served also as Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (1589–1623) and Cardinal Protector of the Kingdom of Poland (named on 19 September 1589 by King Zygmunt III Waza) and of the several religious orders.
Alessandro Peretti was born at Montalto delle Marche, the son of Fabio Damasceni and Maria Felice Mignucci Peretti, who was a niece of the pope on her mother's side. Like his great-uncle before him, Alessandro Peretti was also known as Cardinal di Montalto. His primary works as a great patron were the Villa Lante at Bagnaia, where he contributed to the gardens a casino matching the earlier one, and the church (though not the facade) of Sant'Andrea della Valle in Rome, (begun in 1591), where Carlo Maderno constructed at the Cardinal's personal expense the second-largest dome in Rome, 1608 to 1621.
As a cardinal, Peretti lived an extravagant lifestyle in which he indulged his taste for music and lavish theatrical productions staged in his residence, the Cancelleria palace. He retained several musicians in his service and encouraged the art of monody or solo song.
His portrait bust by Gian Lorenzo Bernini is at the Hamburg Kunsthalle. Surviving books from Cardinal Alessandro's library reflect pride in his relationship to the Pope through elaborate armorials and his perfect taste.
Cardinal Montalto was in turn the uncle of Cardinal Francesco Peretti di Montalto (1597‑1655), raised to the purple in 1641.
# Senator Lynn

Senator Lynn may refer to:
* Evelyn J. Lynn (born 1930), Florida State Senate
* Julia Lynn (born 1957), Kansas State Senate
# Sharp Actius MM10 Muramasas

The Sharp Actius MM10 Muramasas was a laptop computer (subnotebook) developed by Sharp Corporation which started selling in 2003.
It was named after a sword master, Muramasa Tenji, and is one of the thinnest computers in the world at 20 mm thick at its maximum. It had a battery life of 2.5 hours, a 1 GHz Transmeta Crusoe processor, 256 MB of memory, a Wi-Fi module (incorporated into the laptop), a 15 GB hard drive and a $1,499 price tag.
# IArchiver

iArchiver is a software utility for handling file archives on the Apple Macintosh. It was renamed Rucksack, and then simply "Archiver".
iArchiver was designed as a universal tool for working with archives, and can be used to create, extract and convert a large number of common and legacy archive formats with a drag-and-drop interface.
With iArchiver you can: create Zip, DMG, 7-zip, Tar, Gzip, Bzip2, Z and CPIO archives open Zip, RAR, ARJ, LhA, StuffIt, hqx, rpm, PAX, and many other common and not so common formats convert archives from one format to another for example from RAR to ZIP or from StuffIt to DMG.
iArchiver was developed and is currently being maintained by Dare to be Creative Ltd, a software company based in Vienna, Austria.

## Features

* Creating archives in formats common on Apple Macintosh, Microsoft Windows and Linux platforms including zip, DMG, 7-zip and TAR
* Encrypting archives in zip and 7-zip format
* Opening archives in both common and legacy formats such as zip, DMG, 7-zip and TAR, RAR, ACE, ARJ, Cabinet, SIT, HQX and PAX files
* Converting between archive formats, for example converting RAR files to ZIP format or from SIT to DMG
# Lac Bleu de Lesponne

Lac Bleu de Lesponne is a lake in Hautes-Pyrénées, France. At an elevation of 1977 m, its surface area is 0.51 km².
* This Hautes-Pyrénées geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Hrasnica (Ilidža)

Hrasnica is an urban neighborhood located in the municipality of Ilidža, Sarajevo Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 Yugoslav census, it had a population of 12,437 inhabitants, divided in two administrative areas, Hrasnica 1 and Hrasnica 2.