OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bale Oak

The Bale Oak was a large oak tree in Bale, a village in northern Norfolk, England that was over 500 years old when it was felled in 1860. It measured 36 feet (11 m) in circumference, and, reportedly, featured branches over 70 feet (21 m) long.

## History

In the middle of the 14th century, All Saints church was erected immediately east of the site of the tree. According to folk legend, the tree had previously been a site for pre-Christian worship and may have been a part of a larger grove.
In 1795, the oak was severely damaged. The oak was heavily pollarded and the removed bark and some of the wood was sold to the Hardys of Letheringsett for tanning.
Norfolk historian Rev. Blomfield recorded use of the oak in the 18th century:
    A great oak at bathele near the church, its hollow so large that ten or twelve men may stand within it and a cobbler had his shop and lodge there of late and it is or was used for a swinestry.
Deemed dangerous by the local populace, the abuse of the tree lead to its destruction in 1860. The Lord of the Manor Sir Willoughby Jones ordered the tree removed and, with much local mourning, the remains taken carted to Cranmer Hall at Fakenham.
The site is now covered by a grove of Holm oaks and is protected by the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty.

## Further sources

* Leaflet: Joyce E. Stone. 1966. As big as Bale Oak..
* Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2015. Riddle of two skeletons found by builders in a former village pub. 8 December.
* Monograph: Bryant, T. H. 1902. Hundred of Holt. The Churches of Norfolk. Vol IX. p 2.
# Baltimore Thunder

The Baltimore Thunder were an American professional box lacrosse team and a member of the National Lacrosse League from 1987 until 1999. They were based in Baltimore, Maryland, and won the first then-Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League championship in 1987. After the 1999 season, the franchise moved three times, becoming the Pittsburgh CrosseFire in 2000, the Washington Power in 2001, and finally the Colorado Mammoth in 2003, where it remains as of 2023.

## Awards and honors

| Year | Player | Award |
| 1987 | Buzz Sheain | Championship Game MVP |
| 1998 | Gary Gait | Most Valuable Player |
| 1999 | Gary Gait | Most Valuable Player |
| 1999 | Jesse Hubbard | Rookie of the Year |

## All time record

| Season | Division | W-L | Finish | Home | Road | GF | GA | Coach | Playoffs |
| 1987 | | 2–4 | 4th | 1–2 | 1–2 | 79 | 82 | Bob Griebe | Won Championship |
| 1988 | | 2–6 | 4th | 2–2 | 0–4 | 98 | 122 | John Stewart | Missed playoffs |
| 1989 | | 4–4 | 4th | 2–2 | 2–2 | 99 | 96 | John Stewart | Missed playoffs |
| 1990 | | 4–4 | 4th | 2–2 | 2–2 | 96 | 95 | John Stewart | Missed playoffs |
| 1991 | American | 6–4 | 1st | 3–2 | 3–2 | 156 | 157 | John Stewart | Lost in semifinals |
| 1992 | American | 3–5 | 3rd | 2–2 | 1–3 | 117 | 147 | John Stewart | Lost in division semifinals |
| 1993 | American | 2–6 | 3rd | 1–3 | 1–3 | 122 | 147 | John Stewart | Missed playoffs |
| 1994 | American | 1–7 | 3rd | 1–3 | 0–4 | 93 | 113 | Skip Lichtfuss | Missed playoffs |
| 1995 | | 3–5 | 5th | 2–2 | 1–3 | 98 | 117 | Skip Lichtfuss | Missed playoffs |
| 1996 | | 4–6 | 5th | 3–2 | 1–4 | 144 | 163 | Skip Lichtfuss | Missed playoffs |
| 1997 | | 2–8 | 6th | 1–4 | 1–4 | 125 | 165 | John Tucker | Missed playoffs |
| 1998 | | 8–4 | 2nd | 4–2 | 4–2 | 184 | 160 | John Tucker | Lost Championship |
| 1999 | | 8–4 | 2nd | 5–1 | 3–3 | 211 | 175 | John Tucker | Lost in semifinals |
| Total | 13 seasons | 49–67 | 49–67 | 29–29 | 20–38 | 1,622 | 1,739 | 1 championship | 1 championship |

## Playoff results

| Season | Game | Visiting | Home |
| 1987 | Semifinals | Baltimore 14 | New Jersey 9 |
| 1987 | Championships | Baltimore 11 | Washington 10 |
| 1991 | Semifinals | Baltimore 12 | Detroit 14 |
| 1992 | Division Semifinals | Baltimore 12 | Philadelphia 14 |
| 1998 | Semifinals | Rochester 14 | Baltimore 15 |
| 1998 | Championship (Game 1) | Baltimore 12 | Philadelphia 16 |
| 1998 | Championship (Game 2) | Philadelphia 17 | Baltimore 12 |
| 1999 | Semifinals | Rochester 14 | Baltimore 12 |

## Championships

| Preceded byNone | Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League Champions 1987 | Succeeded byNew Jersey Saints |
# Saphenista rhabducha

Saphenista rhabducha is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pastaza Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is about 14.5 mm.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from Greek rhabduchos (meaning carrying a perch).
# Sangwangsimni station

Sangwangsimni Station is a station on Seoul Subway Line 2 in Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.

## Station layout

| G | Street level | Exit |
| L1 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| L2 Platform level | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| L2 Platform level | Northbound | ← Line 2 toward City Hall (Sindang) |
| L2 Platform level | Southbound | → Line 2 toward Chungjeongno (Wangsimni) → |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||

## Accident

On May 2, 2014 KST, two subway cars collided at Sangwangsimni Station, causing 238 injuries.
# Balhinch, Indiana

Balhinch is two-mile-square unincorporated community in Union Township, Montgomery County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. Balhinch includes Rattlesnake Canyon and Weir Cemetery.

## History

The Balhinch area was originally settled by William Offield in February 1821, five miles southwest of Crawfordsville in Section 21 in an area with two streams — Sugar Creek and Rattlesnake Creek. A monument to William Offield stands near Rattlesnake Creek.
It was formally platted in the 1920s and the boundaries legally defined.

## Notable person

* Caroline Virginia Krout, author

## Gallery

* Residence in Balhinch
* Rattlesnake Canyon
* Offield Monument on road near creek
# Emmie de Wit

Emmie de Wit is a Dutch-American virologist. She is chief of the molecular pathogenesis unit at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories. Her research combines pathogenesis studies with detailed molecular analyses to identify molecular determinants of severe respiratory tract disease within the virus and the host.

## Education

Emmie de Wit is from the Netherlands. She received her Ph.D. in virology in 2006 from Erasmus University Rotterdam. Her research focused on the replication, pathogenesis and transmission of influenza A virus. Her dissertation was titled Molecular determinants of influenza A virus replication and pathogenesis.

## Career

In 2009, de Wit moved to Heinz Feldmann's Laboratory of Virology at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) to research in the biosafety level 4 laboratory. Here, she focused on the pathogenesis of and countermeasures against Nipah virus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and the 1918 H1N1 influenza A virus (Spanish flu). In 2012, she received a Fellows Award for Research Excellence (FARE) for her research on modeling the transmission cycle of the deadly Nipah virus. From 2014 to 2015, de Wit spent 4 months in a field lab in Monrovia, Liberia in charge of patient diagnostics for several Ebola Treatment Units in the area, to help contain the Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia. Currently, de Wit's research aims to combine pathogenesis studies with detailed molecular analyses to identify molecular determinants of severe respiratory tract disease within the virus and the host. She is chief of the molecular pathogenesis unit at RML.
In 2020, de Wit was named as a co-recipient of a Golden Goose Award for excellence in federally funded research with Kizzmekia Corbett, Barney Graham and her spouse Vincent Munster.

## Personal life

While a PhD student at Erasmus University Rotterdam, de Wit met researcher Vincent Munster, whom she married in 2009. Munster has a separate research lab at Rocky Mountain Laboratories and is also a virologist.
# Sara Al Senaani

Sara Al Senaani is a Paralympic athlete from United Arab Emirates. She is the first female Paralympic athlete to win a medal at the Summer Paralympics for the United Arab Emirates. She represented the country at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and she won the bronze medal in the women's shot put F33 event.
At the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, she finished in 9th place in the women's shot put F33 event. She set a new personal best of 5.33m.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing United Arab Emirates ||||||
| 2016 | Summer Paralympics | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 3rd | Shot put | 5.09 m |
| 2018 | Asian Para Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 3rd | Shot put | 5.28 m |
# Ballykeeffe Wood

Ballykeeffe Wood is a national nature reserve of approximately 137 acres (0.55 km$^2$) located in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It is managed by the Irish National Parks and Wildlife Service, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

## Features

Ballykeeffe Wood or Ballykeefe Wood was legally protected as a national nature reserve by the government in 1980.
The woodland features an abundance of bluebells and brambles amongst pedunculate oak and young ash. The wood is adjacent to the old Ballykeeffe limestone mine, which was refurbished in the 1980s and now features rock climbing and an amphitheatre.
# Englefield (surname)

Englefield is an English surname. Notable people with this surname include the following:
* Cicely Englefield (1893–1970), English artist and author
* Sir Francis Englefield (c. 1520–1596), English Roman Catholic politician
* Frank Englefield (1878–1945), English footballer
* Sir Henry Charles Englefield, Bt (1752–1822), English antiquary and scientist
* Jarrod Englefield (born 1979), New Zealand cricketer
* Ronald Englefield (1891–1975), English poet and philosopher
* Sir Thomas Englefield (c.1455–1514), Speaker of the House of Commons, England
* Englefield baronets
# Englefield, Berkshire

Englefield is a village and civil parish in the English county of Berkshire. The village is mostly within the bounds of the private walled estate of Englefield House. The village is in the district of West Berkshire, close to Reading.

## Toponymy

The place-name 'Englefield' is first attested in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle for 871, where it appears as Engla feld. It appears as Englefel in the Domesday Book of 1086, and as Englefeld in the Feet of Fines for 1196. The name indicates settlement by the Angles in Saxon territory.

## Battle of Englefield

In 870, the village was the site of the Battle of Englefield. This was fought between the Anglo-Saxons, under Æthelwulf, Ealdorman of Berkshire, and the Danes, and resulted in a resounding victory for the Saxons. The battle was the first of a series in the winter of 870–1. The village may have been named after the battle, Englefield meaning "English field".

## Englefield House

Englefield House was the home of the Englefield family, supposedly from the time of King Edgar and certainly until the Elizabethan era when the present building was erected. The house eventually passed to the Benyon family, as part of the largest privately owned estate in West Berkshire.

## Village

In the late 19th century, Richard Fellowes Benyon rebuilt the villagers' houses as a model estate village and provided them with such amenities as a swimming pool, soup kitchen and a new school. Today the estate, owned by a family company, the Englefield Estate, covers some 14,000 acres (5,700 ha). The village relies on and contributes to the amenities and organisations in Theale and Tilehurst, which bound it to the south and east, as well as Reading.
# Ballycarbery Castle

Ballycarbery Castle is a castle 3 kilometres (2 mi) from Cahersiveen, County Kerry, Ireland. The castle is high on a grass hill facing the sea and is a short distance from Cahergall Fort and Leacanabuile Fort.

## History

There was some kind of residence situated on the site of the castle as early as 1398; however, the present ruins are of a castle that was constructed in the 16th century. It was noted as a McCarthy Mor castle by some sources at that time but whether it was occupied by the McCarthy Mors or their wardens the O'Connells is unknown. The castle was passed onto Sir Valentine Browne following the death of its owner Donal McCarthy More. In 1652 it was attacked by cannon fire from Parliament forces during the War of the Three Kingdoms. In the 18th century a house was built on the site using the barn wall and it was inhabited by the Lauder family. This house was demolished in the early 20th century.

## Structure

The castle was surrounded by a high wall with less than half still remaining. There are arrow slits dotted along the bottom of the remaining wall. A staircase remains inside one part of the wall, but is not easily accessible.
The ground floor of the castle was made up of several chambers but only one chamber is still roofed and walled. It is a large chamber with a quite high roof and in one corner a staircase leading upstairs. There are two different staircases leading to the first floor and there is also a path up the back of the castle since the whole back wall is missing. One of the staircases is up on a height inside the ground floor chamber and is in very good condition. The other is entered from outside the chamber and is slightly damaged. The first floor is covered in grass and has some windows and a few small rooms but is mostly in the open. The first floor is the highest accessible part of the castle as the steps to the second floor must have been attached to the now missing back wall.
Until sometime in 2017, it was possible to walk around the castle grounds and climb on the castle ruins. However, the castle is situated on private land, and the owner of the land has recently eliminated public access to the castle, (legal reasons and prevent being sued for injury’s from climbing the castle.) Consequently, visitors can now only admire the beautiful structure from the small parking area located about 100 metres from the front of the castle.
# Sara Moretto

Sara Moretto (born 28 September 1980) is an Italian politician. She is a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Italia Viva, formerly of the Democratic Party.
# German submarine U-1051

German submarine U-1051 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 8 February 1943 by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel as yard number 685, launched on 3 February 1944 and commissioned on 4 March 1944 under Oberleutnant zur See Heinrich von Holleben.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-1051 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-1051 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 4 March 1944, followed by active service on 1 January 1945 as part of the 11th Flotilla and was sunk just three weeks later on her first patrol.
In one patrol she sank one merchant ship, for a total of 1,152 gross register tons (GRT) and one warship total loss for 1,300 tons.

### Wolfpacks

U-1051 took part in no wolfpacks.

### Fate

U-1051 was sunk on 26 January 1945 in the Irish Sea in position 53°39′N 05°23′W﻿ / ﻿53.650°N 5.383°W﻿ / 53.650; -5.383, by ramming and depth charges from Royal Navy frigates HMS Aylmer, HMS Calder, HMS Bentinck, and HMS Manners. All hands were lost.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 21 January 1945 | Galatea | Norway | 1,152 | Sunk |
| 26 January 1945 | HMS Manners | Royal Navy | 1,300 | Total loss |
# George Coulter House

The George Coulter House (also known as Mapleton) is a historic house located at 420 South Pine Street in Florence, Alabama.

## Description and history

The house was built in about 1827 by George Coulter, a planter, lawyer, and soldier originally from Middle Tennessee. During the Civil War, the house was used as a command post by Union Army Colonel John Marshall Harlan, partially due to its location on a hillside overlooking downtown and the Tennessee River. The house was later owned by W. W. Slaton, who renovated the house in the late 1940s, adding a wing that was originally used as medical offices. The frame house is designed in Federal style, with Adamesque woodwork throughout the interior. Narrow two-level porticoes with Tuscan order columns on the north and south faces were replaced in the 1940s by porticoes with a pair of square columns and a central balcony. The original brick kitchen was formerly connected to the house via a covered breezeway which has since been enclosed.
The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1979, and the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 1982.
# Gallstone ileus

Gallstone ileus is a rare form of small bowel obstruction caused by an impaction of a gallstone within the lumen of the small intestine. Such a gallstone enters the bowel via a cholecysto-enteric fistula. The presence of large stones, >2.5 cm in diameter, within the gallbladder are thought to predispose to fistula formation by gradual erosion through the gallbladder fundus. Once a fistula has formed, a stone may travel from the gallbladder into the bowel and become lodged almost anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Obstruction occurs most commonly at the near the distal ileum, within 60 cm proximally to the ileocecal valve. Rarely, gallstone ileus may recur if the underlying fistula is not treated.
First described by Thomas Bartholin in 1654, the name "gallstone ileus" is a misnomer because an ileus is, by definition, a non-mechanical bowel motility failure (as opposed to a mechanical obstruction by a stone).

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis of gallstone ileus requires radiographic studies. Classic radiographic findings are known as Rigler's triad:
* pneumobilia (air within the biliary tree)
* evidence of small bowel obstruction
* radiopaque gallstone on abdominal radiograph

## Treatment

Initial management involves fluid resuscitation and potentially nasogastric suctioning. Since gallstone ileus constitutes a form of mechanical small bowel obstruction, it can be a surgical emergency and requires open or laparoscopic surgery to remove an impacted stone. The different strategies for surgical management are either enterolithotomy alone, allowing a delayed cholecystectomy after an inflammation-free period of 4–6 weeks (and therefore two-stage surgery) or enterolithotomy in combination with a cholecystectomy and fistula division (one-stage surgery). The different strategies for surgical management are controversial, and depend on factors such as patient fitness for surgery and comorbidities.

## Eponym

Bouveret's syndrome refers to reverse gallstone ileus where the gallstone propagates proximally and causes gastric outlet obstruction by being impacted in first part of duodenum.
# Serres, Meurthe-et-Moselle

Serres (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# AKM Azizul Haque

AKM Azizul Haque (1 February 1923 – 3 September 2002) was a Bangladeshi social worker, development worker and government official. He was an advisor to the Ministry of Agriculture.

## Early life

AKM Azizul Haque was born on 1 February 1923 in Chandla village of Burichang Upazila of Comilla district. He studied in Chandla village primary school and passed secondary from Comilla Zilla School. After graduating from Chittagong College, he passed MA from University of Dhaka in 1944. He received his MPA degree from Harvard University in 1970.

## Career

AKM Azizul Haque started his career in 1944 as a lecturer in the English department of Dhaka Intermediate College. He left the teaching profession and joined the Civil Supplies Department, where he first served as Controller, ADC and Director. After the partition of India in 1947, he served as the Private Secretary to the Minister of Education and Information in the then Government of Pakistan. He became the deputy director of the Department of Supplies in 1949. In 1957 he was appointed director of the Cottage Industries Corporation. In 1958, he was appointed managing director of the then East Pakistan Small Industries Corporation. He was the Chairman of East Pakistan Small and Cottage Industries Corporation in 1962. In 1965 he was appointed director of the East Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation. He was the director of Palli Unnayan Academy from 1968 to 1973.
He served as Minister of Agriculture from 18 June 1976 to 13 April 1979.

## Death

AKM Azizul Haque died on 3 September 2002.
# Bharatiya Navshakti Party

Bharatiya Navshakti Party (Indian New Force Party), was a political party in India. BNP was active in the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and the Adivasi areas in southern and central Gujarat. BNP was led by the Lok Sabha MP from Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delkar Mohanbhai Sanjibhai.
Before launching BNP, Delkar had been involved in the formation of the Indian Federal Democratic Party together with the infamous Pappu Yadav.
In 2000 BNP contested the panchayat elections in Dadra and Nagar Haveli together with the Indian National Congress. The BNP-Congress combine won 10 of 12 seats in the governing body and 2/3 of all village councils.
In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections Delkar won as the candidate in the Dadra and Nagar Haveli seat. The party provides outside support to the UPA government at the centre.
The party was merged with Indian National Congress before 2009 General Election.
# Spiranthes sinensis

Spiranthes sinensis, commonly known as the Chinese spiranthes, is a species of orchid occurring in eastern and southeastern Asia.
Spiranthes sinensis was long thought to be a species complex, and more than 30 names have been synonymized under it; recent molecular and morphological data found that the complex was composed of six distinct species. 'True' S. sinensis sensu stricto is glabrous, blooms in the spring, and has pale blush-pink flowers. This species had formerly been thought to occur throughout Asia and Australia, it is actually restricted to southeast Asia, eastern East Asia, and southern Japan. The other species to be recognized out of this species complex are Spiranthes australis, Spiranthes flexuosa, Spiranthes maokensis, Spiranthes sunii, and Spiranthes suishanensis.
# Fritz Klotzsch

Fritz Klotzsch (16 May 1896 – 9 January 1971) was a German film producer and production manager. He was head of production at Bavaria Film for two years.

## Selected filmography

* All for Love (1933)
* Her Highness the Saleswoman (1933)
* So Ended a Great Love (1934)
* I Love All the Women (1935)
* Tomfoolery (1936)
* The Broken Jug (1937)
* The Muzzle (1938)
* Die Entlassung (1942)
* My Wife Theresa (1942)
* The Court Concert (1948)
* The Divorcée (1953)
* Marili (1959)
* The Hunchback of Soho (1966)
* Dr. Fabian: Laughing Is the Best Medicine (1969)
* The Man with the Glass Eye (1969)