OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ross Township, Kansas

Ross Township, Kansas may refer to one of the following places:
* Ross Township, Cherokee County, Kansas
* Ross Township, Osborne County, Kansas
# Gaius Vibius Marsus

Gaius Vibius Marsus, whom Tacitus calls "vetustis honoribus studiisque illustris", was a Roman senator active during the Principate. He was consul in 17 AD.

## Biography

Marsus was Suffect consul for the second half of the year 17 with Lucius Voluseius Proculus as his colleague. He was mentioned in the year 19 as one of the most likely persons to obtain the government of Syria, but the post wound up going to Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus instead. In the same year he was sent to summon Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso to Rome to stand his trial. His name occurs again in 26, in the debates of the Senate; and just before the death of Tiberius in 37 he narrowly escaped his own death, being accused as one of the accomplices of the notorious Albucilla. According to Tacitus he was governor of Syria 42-44/45, during the reign of Claudius.
The name of "Gaius Vibius Marsus", proconsul, appears on several coins of Utica in Africa, struck in the reign of Tiberius: they probably relate to this Vibius Marsus; and as he was disappointed in obtaining the province of Syria in the reign of Tiberius, he may have been appointed to that of Africa.

## Family

Marsus was married to a woman named Laelia, they had a daughter named Vibia Laelia together who married Publius Plautius Pulcher.
# Nitroimidazole

Nitroimidazoles are the group of organic compounds consisting of an imidazole ring with at least one nitro group substituent. The term also refers to the class of antibiotics that have nitroimidazole in their structures. These antibiotics commonly include the 5-nitroimidazole positional isomer.

## Synthesis

Imidazole undergoes a nitration reaction with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to give 5-nitroimidazole.

## Nitroimidazole antibiotics

From the chemistry perspective, nitroimidazole antibiotics can be classified according to the location of the nitro functional group. Structures with names 4- and 5-nitroimidazole are equivalent from the perspective of drugs since these tautomers readily interconvert. Drugs of the 5-nitro variety include metronidazole, tinidazole, nimorazole, dimetridazole, pretomanid, ornidazole, megazol, and azanidazole. Drugs based on 2-nitroimidazoles include benznidazole and azomycin.
Nitroimidazole antibiotics have been used to combat anaerobic bacterial and parasitic infections. Perhaps the most common example is metronidazole. Other heterocycles such as nitrothiazoles (thiazole) are also used for this purpose. Nitroheterocycles may be reductively activated in hypoxic cells, and then undergo redox recycling or decompose to toxic products.
# Swaneng Hill School

Swaneng Hill School was the first of three secondary schools that were founded by the late Patrick van Rensburg in Serowe, Botswana, the other two being Shashe and Madiba schools. The groundwork for Swaneng was laid in 1962, shortly after Van Rensburg, already a prominent anti-Apartheid figure, took up permanent residence in the then Bechuanaland Protectorate. At the end of the year, he and his wife Elizabeth along with community supporters received permission to start a secondary school in Serowe. The school was built on what was the eastern fringes of the village at the time, approximately 4-7 miles from the center of the village. By the time the school opened on 11th February 1963, it had 55 applications, even though it only had space for 29 students, so space was given to those who applied first.
Of the school's birth, a later head teacher, Ms. Gabalape Autlwetse, has observed that: “This was the school that nearly built itself. The first students worked to build their own classroom that opened in February 1963.They built many more classrooms, laboratories, and workshops thereafter. The early students also gardened, cooked, cleaned, and did much of the maintenance. By 1967-1968 the school had 20% of all secondary students in the whole country. Two years later, when the building program grew too big and the number of primary school completers jumped, Patrick started the Builders' Brigade. To manage this type of training, he launched the Serowe Youth Development Association, the forerunner of today's community trusts. Soon there were other brigades in Serowe, and not long after, brigades and brigade trusts all around the new nation of Botswana.”
From the beginning, Van Rensburg and other staff members conceived of Swaneng as a centre of development as well as learning. The curriculum included practical subjects like agriculture, building, carpentry, metalwork, technical drawing, and typing. New academic subject matter was introduced as “Development Studies”.
Van Renburg's experience with the schools and Brigades ultimately led to his establishment of the Foundation of Education with Production (FEP) in 1980, which sought to create a new blend of theory and practice in education, to be spread internationally as well as in Botswana.
# Sotresgudo

Sotresgudo is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 645 inhabitants.
# Gregory V

Gregory V may refer to:
* Pope Gregory V, Pope from 996 to 999
* Gregory V of Cilicia 1193–1194
* Patriarch Gregory V of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria from 1484 to 1486
* Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople from 1797 to 1798, from 1806 to 1808, and from 1818 to 1821
# Stroma (fluid)

Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast.
Within the stroma are grana (stacks of thylakoid), the sub-organelles where photosynthesis is started before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma.
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. During the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to fix carbon by capturing and reducing carbon dioxide.
The series of biochemical redox reactions which take place in the stroma are collectively called the Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions. There are three phases: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration.
The stroma is also the location of chloroplast DNA and chloroplast ribosomes, and thus also the location of molecular processes including chloroplast DNA replication, and transcription/translation of some chloroplast proteins.
# Freya Douglas-Morris

Freya Douglas-Morris (born 1980) is a landscape and figurative painter based in London.

## Personal life

Freya Douglas-Morris was born in London 1980. She received a Bachelor's degree in painting from Brighton University and a Master's degree from the Royal College of Art. Douglas-Morris lives and works in London and she has 2 children.

## Career

In her work as a painter, Douglas-Morris predominantly paints landscapes suffused with rich colour.
Her work has been featured in various publications, The Anomie Review of Contemporary British Painting 2, 'Paper' Saatchi Gallery and ‘100 Painters of Tomorrow’.
In December 2023, a book was published to mark her 2023 solo show with Alexander Berggruen Gallery NY titled 'This star I give to you'.
# Tora Bakke Håndlykken

Tora Bakke Håndlykken (born 4 September 1982) is a Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor. Since 2017 she has been news editor of the newspaper Verdens Gang.

## Personal life and education

Born in Porsgrunn on 4 September 1982, Håndlykken studied geography at the University of Oslo and journalism at Volda University College.

## Career

Håndlykken was a journalist for the newspaper Varden from 2004, for NRK in 2005, and for the newspaper Verdens Gang from 2005. In VG she had various positions, and was appointed news editor in 2017.
She was named Editor of the year in 2023 by Oslo Redaktørforening (the Oslo Association of Editors).
From 2023 she chairs the board of the Association of Norwegian Editors.
# P-basis

In algebra, a p-basis is a generalization of the notion of a separating transcendence basis for a field extension of characteristic p, introduced by Teichmüller (1936).

## Definition

Suppose k is a field of characteristic p and K is a field extension. A p-basis is a set of elements x$_i$ of K such that the elements dx$_i$ form a basis for the K-vector space Ω$_{K/k}$ of differentials.

## Examples

* If K is a finitely generated separable extension of k then a p-basis is the same as a separating transcendence basis. In particular in this case the number of elements of the p-basis is the transcendence degree.
* If k is a field, x an indeterminate, and K the field generated by all elements x$^{1/pn}$ then the empty set is a p-basis, though the extension is separable and has transcendence degree 1.
* If K is a degree p extension of k obtained by adjoining a pth root t of an element of k then t is a p-basis, so a p-basis has cardinality 1 while the transcendence degree is 0.
# Snowdoun, Alabama

Snowdoun is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Alabama, United States. Snowdoun is located on U.S. Highway 331 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of Montgomery.

## History

Snowdoun was named by William Falconer in honor of Mount Snowdon in Wales. A post office operated under the name Snowdoun from 1859 to 1957. Snowdoun is located along the route of the Federal Road.
Snowdoun was formerly connected to Montgomery by the Montgomery Southern Railway, a narrow gauge railway.
William Bartram camped near Snowdoun on his expedition through the southern colonies.
# Shaking the Tree (disambiguation)

Shaking the Tree is a 1990 compilation album by rock musician Peter Gabriel, and the name of a song from that album.
Shaking the Tree may also refer to:
* Shaking the Tree (film), a 1990 comedy-drama by Duane Clark
* "Shaking the Tree" (Powers), a 2016 episode of the television series Powers
* Shaking the Tree (song), 1989 song by Youssou N'Dour and Peter Gabriel
# Timorichthys disjunctus

Timorichthys disjunctus is a species of viviparous brotula found in the Timor Sea where it occurs at depths of around 392 metres (1,286 ft). This species grows to a length of 3.9 centimetres (1.5 in) SL.
# Freya Clausen

Freya Christine Clausen (born 17 November 1978), also known as Freya, is a Danish singer/songwriter and television personality, based in Copenhagen. She worked as an MTV VJ, then moved to VH1 in 2010. She has released two solo albums, Tea with the Queen and Chasing My Tale.
Since 2010 she has hosted the pan-Scandinavian TV channel Star!'s broadcasts from Stockholm Fashion Week by Berns.
Freya released a new single called "Into The Fire" on 29 September 2014.
# Torr a'Chaisteal

55°27′32″N 5°17′19″W﻿ / ﻿55.45897°N 5.288585°W﻿ / 55.45897; -5.288585
Torr a'Chaisteal (or Torr a'Chaisteil) is an Iron Age fort (dun), located about 1 mile (2 kilometres) northeast of the village of Sliddery, on the Isle of Arran in Scotland (grid reference NR92172326).

## Description

Torr a'Chaisteal is situated on an isolated grassy knoll on the west coast of Arran.
It was a fortified residence, or dun, of a type common across western Scotland in the later Iron Age. A similar structure can be seen at Kilpatrick Dun 2+1⁄2 mi (4 km) to the north. The turf-covered walls are 0.5 metres high and have an average width of 4 metres. The walls are formed of large sandstone boulders, enclosing an area with a diameter of around 7 metres. A short stretch of wall lies beside the dun to the east, while on the landward approach is a substantial earthwork that may have formed an outer defence.
Antiquarian excavations in the 19th century uncovered human and animal bones, shells, the top stone of a quern, and pieces of haematite iron.
# Duck Season

Duck Season may refer to:
* Duck Season (song), a 2002 song by DJ Babu
* Temporada de patos, known in English as Duck Season, a 2004 Mexican film
# Streptomyces candidus

Streptomyces candidus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia. Streptomyces candidus produces lemonomycin, enterocin, pyrazofurin and avoparcin.
# Intercollegiate Hockey League

The Intercollegiate Hockey League began as an agreement between Harvard, Princeton and Yale to play one another in best-of-three series.

## History

As the Intercollegiate Hockey Association was collapsing, the three top college teams wanted to continue playing games against one another. After Harvard left the IHA in 1911 they scheduled both Princeton and Yale multiple times the following season. After Yale left the next year all three teams agreed to play two games against one another with a third used in case of a tie. After the collapse of the IHA and the suspension of Columbia's ice hockey in 1915, both Cornell and Dartmouth made overtures to join the league but after Cornell was forced to cancel any such plans due to financial constraints, nothing came to fruition for either program.
The league held together for five years before World War I caused both Princeton and Harvard to suspend their programs.

## Members

| Institution | Nickname | Location | Founded | Tenure | Fate | Current conference |
| Harvard University | Crimson | Boston, Massachusetts | 1636 | 1912–1917 | Program suspended | ECAC Hockey |
| Princeton University | Tigers | Princeton, New Jersey | 1746 | 1912–1917 | Program suspended | ECAC Hockey |
| Yale University | Bulldogs | New Haven, Connecticut | 1701 | 1912–1917 | Independent | ECAC Hockey |
# Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metre freestyle

The women's 400 metre freestyle event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games was held on 3 August at the Sandwell Aquatics Centre.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Commonwealth and Games records were as follows:
| World record | Ariarne Titmus (AUS) | 3:56.40 | Adelaide, Australia | 22 May 2022 |
| Commonwealth record | Ariarne Titmus (AUS) | 3:56.40 | Adelaide, Australia | 22 May 2022 |
| Games record | Ariarne Titmus (AUS) | 4:00.93 | Gold Coast, Australia | 10 April 2018 |
The following records were established during the competition:
| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| 3 August | Final | Ariarne Titmus | Australia | 3:58.06 | GR |

## Schedule

The schedule is as follows:
All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)
| Date | Time | Round |
| Wednesday 3 August 2022 | 10:44 | Qualifying |
| Wednesday 3 August 2022 | 20:48 | Final |

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | 5 | Erika Fairweather | New Zealand | 4:07.27 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 4 | Summer McIntosh | Canada | 4:07.36 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | 4 | Ariarne Titmus | Australia | 4:08.25 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | 5 | Lani Pallister | Australia | 4:09.77 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | 2 | Ella Jansen | Canada | 4:11.02 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | 3 | Kiah Melverton | Australia | 4:11.04 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 3 | Eve Thomas | New Zealand | 4:11.50 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 7 | Duné Coetzee | South Africa | 4:14.92 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | 2 | Katrina Bellio | Canada | 4:15.37 | R |
| 10 | 3 | 6 | Freya Colbert | England | 4:16.31 | R |
| 11 | 3 | 7 | Michaela Pulford | South Africa | 4:18.76 | |
| 12 | 3 | 8 | Trinity Hearne | South Africa | 4:26.22 | |
| 13 | 2 | 5 | Harper Barrowman | Cayman Islands | 4:28.02 | |
| 14 | 3 | 1 | Kyra Rabess | Cayman Islands | 4:30.11 | |
| 15 | 2 | 4 | Mollie McAlorum | Northern Ireland | 4:32.31 | |
| 16 | 4 | 8 | Lily Scott | Jersey | 4:35.04 | |
| 17 | 2 | 3 | Jehanara Nabi | Pakistan | 4:36.87 | |
| 18 | 2 | 6 | Raya Embury-Brown | Cayman Islands | 4:41.74 | |
| 19 | 2 | 2 | Kiera Prentice | Isle of Man | 4:48.86 | |
| 20 | 2 | 7 | Tilly Collymore | Grenada | 4:48.97 | |
| 21 | 1 | 4 | Aaliyah Palestrini | Seychelles | 4:59.62 | |
| 22 | 1 | 5 | Poppy Davis-Coyle | Saint Helena | 5:09.83 | |
| 23 | 1 | 3 | Charissa Panuve | Tonga | 5:13.63 | |
| | 4 | 1 | Tamryn van Selm | England | DNS | DNS |
| | 4 | 6 | Freya Anderson | England | DNS | DNS |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 3 | Ariarne Titmus | Australia | 3:58.06 | GR |
| | 5 | Summer McIntosh | Canada | 3:59.32 | NR |
| | 7 | Kiah Melverton | Australia | 4:03.12 | |
| 4 | 4 | Erika Fairweather | New Zealand | 4:03.84 | |
| 5 | 6 | Lani Pallister | Australia | 4:04.43 | |
| 6 | 1 | Eve Thomas | New Zealand | 4:09.73 | |
| 7 | 2 | Ella Jansen | Canada | 4:10.69 | |
| 8 | 8 | Duné Coetzee | South Africa | 4:15.53 | |
# Shatoi Reserve

Shatoi Reserve is the largest reserve in Chechnya. It covers more than 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres) of forest land and adjoins the Vedeno Reserve. The reserve lies between the Chanti-Argun and Sharo-Argun Rivers. The dominant vegetation consists of valuable trees, and berry bushes, nut trees, herbal plants (medicinal and melliferous) and also mushrooms.
# Timorichthys

Timorichthys is a genus of viviparous brotulas so far known from the East China Sea and the Timor Sea.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Timorichthys angustus J. G. Nielsen, Okamoto & Schwarzhans, 2013
* Timorichthys disjunctus J. G. Nielsen & Schwarzhans, 2011
# Gary Chapman (CPSR)

Gary Chapman (1952 – 14 December 2010) was the first executive director of Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR).
Chapman lectured at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs in Austin, Texas where he was Director of The 21st Century Project.
He was the last recipient of the Norbert Wiener Award for Social and Professional Responsibility when the CPSR was dissolved in May 2013.
He died of a heart attack while on a kayaking trip in Guatemala.
# Henry Ashton (architect)

Henry Ashton (1801–1872) was an English architect.
Ashton was born in London, and became a pupil of Sir Robert Smirke. Afterwards, and till death, he was employed by Sir Jeffrey Wyattville. He erected the stables at Windsor and the kennels at Frogmore. In 1838 he was employed by the King of the Netherlands to build the summer palace at the Hague. The project was cancelled and a couple of years later he worked on the new Gothic Hall of Kneuterdijk Palace.
He was the architect of the improvements in Victoria Street and designed the thoroughfare which connects Belgravia with the Houses of Parliament. Some of the best examples of his work are found in Victoria Street. He exhibited many designs at the academy.
He died in Kensington, London on 18 March 1872.
# Ropewalk Dingle

The Ropewalk Dingle Countryside Site is located by the river in the centre of Bridgnorth, in Shropshire. The Grid Reference is SO718934. The site was historically involved in the extension of the Severn Valley Railway that travelled through this area to Ironbridge. The dingle area has many remains of this historic railway left behind which serves as a reminder to the site. One of these features include an abandoned railway tunnel which marks the Southern boundary of the site, and is owned and maintained by British Rail.

## Background

Ropewalk Dingle is part of the prior Severn Cliff House Gardens, and is owned and managed by Shropshire Council.
In 2008 it was officially named Ropewalk Dingle by a public online vote, as it previously had many other names such as The Dingle, Bramble Ridge, and Severn Cliff.

## Access

There are three main paths to get to Ropewalk Dingle.
* Follow a path from Cliffs Road Entrance that leads to Bridgnorth Leisure Centre. This pathway links in with St Leonard's Church, another curious site in Bridgnorth.
* Another access point is one already known most by both tourists and the locals, but this one leads to the Riverside instead.
* Access to Riverside can be found by Friars Street, another route walked by tourists, this travels from the town to the River Severn.
These three entry pathways to the site make it ideal for people to access it at different areas in Bridgnorth.
# Oxneriaria

Oxneriaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Megasporaceae. It has nine species, all of which are saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. The genus was circumscribed in 2017 by Sergey Kondratyuk and László Lőkös to contain species formerly in the Aspicilia mashiginensis species group. This species, now the type of the genus, was first described scientifically by Alexander Zahlbruckner as Lecanora mashiginensis. The genus name honours Ukrainian lichenologist Alfred Oxner, who, according to the authors, "provided important contribution [sic] to taxonomy of aspicilioid lichens and to biodiversity of polar lichens".
Oxneriaria is morphologically similar to Aspicilia, but differs from this genus in its mostly radiating thallus with either a wrinkled or lobate zone around the margins, in its generally smaller ascospores, and in the presence of the lichen product substictic acid. Species in the genus have a polar and arctic–alpine distribution.

## Species

* Oxneriaria dendroplaca (H.Magn.) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria haeyrenii (H.Magn.) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria nikrapensis (Darb.) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria pakistanica M.S.Iqbal, Usman, K.Habib & Khalid (2023) – Pakistan
* Oxneriaria permutata (Zahlbr.) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria rivulicola (H.Magn.) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria supertegens (Arnold) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria verruculosa (Kremp.) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
* Oxneriaria virginea (Hue) S.Y.Kondr. & Lőkös (2017)
# Social Call (Charlie Rouse and Red Rodney album)

Social Call is an album by saxophonist Charlie Rouse and trumpeter Red Rodney which was recorded and released on the Uptown label in 1984.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated "Old friends Rouse and Rodney work off each other very well, and the results are swinging and enjoyable".
The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings called the album "a fine showing from the saxophonist," and praised Dailey's contribution, stating that he is "hugely authoritative... and plays with relaxed power."
David Franklin of Jazz Times noted that Rouse's "appealing, distinctive tone, his clipped, inventive phrasing and his forceful swing-all characteristics" are "clearly in evidence" on the album, and called Rodney "a fine intuitive player" who "never fails to swing infectiously while crafting steadfastly melodic lines."

## Track listing

* "Little Chico" (Charlie Rouse) – 6:20
* "Social Call" (Gigi Gryce) – 5:46
* "Half Nelson" (Miles Davis) – 6:29
* "Greenhouse" (Bobby Porcelli) – 4:44
* "Darn That Dream" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Eddie DeLange) – 9:31
* "Casbah" (Tadd Dameron) – 6:11

## Personnel

* Charlie Rouse – tenor saxophone
* Red Rodney – trumpet, flugelhorn
* Albert Dailey – piano
* Cecil McBee – bass
* Kenny Washington – drums
* Don Sickler – arranger