OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-248

German submarine U-248 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 19 December 1942 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 682, launched on 7 October 1943 and commissioned on 6 November under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Bernhard Emde.
In two patrols, she sank or damaged no ships.
She was sunk in mid-Atlantic by US warships on 16 January 1945.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-248 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-248 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-248 was transferred to the 9th flotilla for front-line service on 1 August 1944. She was reassigned to the 11th flotilla on 1 November.

### First patrol

The boat's first patrol was preceded by two short trips between Kiel in Germany and Horten Naval Base and Bergen, both in Norway. Her first sortie began with her departure from Bergen on 18 August 1944. She arrived at Trondheim on 14 October.

### Second patrol and loss

U-248 was sunk by destroyer escorts, the USS Hayter, USS Otter, USS Varian and USS Hubbard north of the Azores on 16 January 1945. Forty-seven men died; there were no survivors.
# Sychnovalva crocea

Sychnovalva crocea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Brazil in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Minas Gerais.
# Altes Schloss (Bad Berneck)

The Altes Schloss ("Old Castle") near Bad Berneck in south Germany is a ruined castle built in the Gothic style as an Amtsburg towards the end of the High Middle Ages. The castle lies on the Schlossberg ("castle hill") of Bad Berneck in the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth in Bavaria. Today the lofty keep is the emblem of this small spa town.
The ruins are open to the public at any time.

## Geographical location

The keep of the Altes Schloss towers above the surrounding houses and market square in the upper part of the Kneipp spa of Bad Berneck. To the west at the foot of the castle the roadbed of the historic road, the Via Imperii still climbs up the hill. A free car park (am Anger) is located on the outskirts of Berneck on the B2 federal road from where the castle is a 15-minute walk along the footpath. The town's open-air stage lies immediately to the north, beneath the castle ruins.
A visit to the Altes Schloss may be combined with a visit to the ruins of Hohenberneck Castle a few metres above the Altes Schlosses and the motte (Turmhügelburg) of Alt-Berneck at the exit to the spa park (Kurpark).

## History of the castle
### The Walpote prelude

In 1168 there is the first indication of a free aristocratic (edelfrei) line in Berneck with the mention of the Walpote, Uodalrich II. It can therefore be assumed that there was already a noble seat here at that time. This "Walpote castle" (Walpotenburg) was not, as is often assumed, on the same spot as the Altes Schloss, but above the old castle on the site of a later castle, Hohenberneck (see Kunstmann). The founding of this castle was rather unfortunate for the Walpotes, since it was built illegally on land belonging to the Bamberg church of Saint James. In 1177 - the year the first Andechs-Meranian prince-bishop, Poppo I was appointed - the Walpotenburg of Uodalrich II had to be enfeoffed by the Diocese of Bamberg. The last mention of a Walpote of Berneck dates to the year 1203.

## Sources

* Johann Theodor Benjamin Helfrecht: Ruinen, Alterthümer und noch stehende Schlösser auf und an dem Fichtelgebirg. Gottfried Adolph Grau, Hof 1795 (online).
* Johann Gottlieb Hentze: Berneck, ein historischer Versuch. Johann Andreas Lünecks Erben, Bayreuth 1790 (online).
* Hellmut Kunstmann: Burgen in Oberfranken, II. Teil. Die Burgen der edelfreien Geschlechter im Obermaingebiet. E. C. Baumann, Kulmbach 1955.
* Gustav Schmidt: Einstige Burgen um Bad Berneck. In: Heimatbeilage zum oberfränkischen Schulanzeiger. Regierung von Oberfranken, Bayreuth 2002.
* Otto Schoerrig: Bad Berneck und seine Umgebung. R. Teichmann, Bad Berneck 1983.
* Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archäologische Streifzüge im Meranierland. Schriften zur Heimatpflege in Oberfranken. Bezirk Oberfranken. Bayreuth 1999, ISBN 3-9804971-4-3.
# Jacksons, New Zealand

Jacksons is a settlement and railway station in the Westland District of the West Coast of New Zealand. The TranzAlpine Express passes through Jacksons.
Jacksons was the railhead for the Midland Line from Stillwater via Moana from 1894, until the line was extended to Otira in 1899. The station opened on 1 March 1894 (using a building from Teremakau on 23 February 1894), and closed on 3 November 1986.
The Jackson’s Accommodation House, now the Jackson Tavern, was bought by Michael Jackson in 1870; Michael and his brother Adam from Scotland had moved there after spending some time on the Otago Goldfields. The hotel was a stop for Christchurch-Hokotika coaches. The hotel was swept away in a flash flood in 1871, and was rebuilt as the Perry Range Hotel. In 1910 it was rebuilt and in 1970 it passed out of the Jackson family, but was renamed the Jackson Tavern. Adam moved to Canterbury, but his eldest daughter Jessie married William Aicken who began the Aickens Accommodation House 10 km away at Aickens.
# Schloss Mosbach

49°21′03″N 9°08′42″E﻿ / ﻿49.3508496°N 9.145065°E﻿ / 49.3508496; 9.145065
Schloss Mosbach (Mosbach castle) is a castle in Mosbach, Neckar-Odenwald district, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, dating back to the 14th century.

## History

The first evidence of the construction of the residence in Mosbach can be traced back to when the town's fortification was erected by Count Palatine Otto I early in the fourteenth century. The context of the castle's first reigning occupant helps amplify its importance today and at the time it was first built.
Through the partition of King Rupert's lands among the four surviving sons at the time of his death, Mosbach came to be the center of power for that portion of the Palatinate inherited by Otto, with Mosbach Castle as the sovereign's residence. Count Palatine Otto I, who was born in Mosbach in 1390 and then chose to have his residence there as the heir to the Palatinate Electorate in 1410, and his son Otto II, had the Castle expanded considerably after 1430, although the work done on the building was not intended to exude grandness.
The most influential period for the Castle came in 1427 when, alongside the duties involved in administering the Palatinate-Mosbach, Otto I assumed the guardianship of his nephew Louis IV (Ludwig IV) and held the regency by default while his brother Louis III was too weakened and ill to rule upon his return from a crusade to Jerusalem in 1427. Otto I's nephew was still a minor and did not reach the age of majority until 1442. Starting in 1448 the sphere of influence of the Palatinate of Mosbach and its residence once again expanded when Otto I inherited half of the territory of the extinct Palatinate-Neumarkt and purchased the other half from his brother Stefan (Stephen), establishing a further residence in Neumarkt.
The castle's present-day appearance largely stems from renovation carried out in 1898, including bay windows, half-timbered walls and transverse gables.
# Domizio Falangola

Domizio Falangola (died 1470) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Sorrento (1442–1470).

## Biography

On 17 Oct 1442, Domizio Falangola was appointed during the papacy of Pope Eugene IV as Archbishop of Sorrento. He served as Archbishop of Sorrento until his death on 8 Jan 1470.
# Tabontebike

Tabontebike is the village on the south end of Abaiang, atoll in Kiribati. There are 379 residents of the village (2010 census).
The village has a medical clinic that is staffed by a Nursing Officer.
The beach crest is at risk of being eroded (breached), which will result in the flooding of the backshore areas. The accelerated erosion at this site appears to be direct result of aggregate mining. Accretion to the coastline is occurring at another location near Tabontebike.
The village is on the extreme point of the cape on the Bingham Channel (these straits is between the lagoon of Abaiang and the Pacific), south of the channel.

## Distances

(as the crow flies)
* To Tebwanga village: 1 km
* To Marakei atoll: 40 km (over sea)
* To Tarawa atoll: 11 km (over sea)
* To South Tarawa (national capital, on Tarawa): 43 km (over sea)

## Data

* Elevation: < 1 m
* Latitude (DMS): 1° 43' N
* Longitude (DMS): 172° 58' 60'' E
* Languages spoken: English language, Gilbertese language
* Time zone: UTC + 12 h
# Amalgamated Society of Watermen, Lightermen and Bargemen

The Amalgamated Society of Watermen, Lightermen and Bargemen was a trade union in the United Kingdom.
The union was founded in 1889 as the Amalgamated Society of Watermen and Lightermen of the River Thames. In 1901, it merged with the Watchmen's Union of the River Thames to form the Amalgamated Society of Watermen, Lightermen and Watchers of the River Thames. It merged with the Medway Sailors and Bargemen's Union in 1912 when it adopted its final name. It merged with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1922.

## Election results

The union affiliated to the Labour Party, and stood its general secretary in the 1918 UK general election.
| Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Position |
| Uxbridge | Harry Gosling | 6,251 | 37.6 | 2 |
# Revolutionary Mariateguist Party

Revolutionary Mariateguist Party (in Spanish: Partido Mariateguista Revolucionario), was a political party in Peru founded in 1989, through a split in the Mariateguist Unified Party (PUM). Leaders of PMR included Agustín Haya de la Torre, Santiago Pedráglio and Miguel Azcueta. It contested on the lists of IU in the municipal elections 1989 and the general elections 1990. Later PMR was dissolved in internal strife. One sector integrated itself into the Democratic Left Movement (MDI).
* This communist party–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a Peruvian political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Amanda Chadderton

Amanda Chadderton is a British Labour politician and former leader of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council. Prior to becoming leader, she was the deputy leader and cabinet member with responsibilities for neighbourhoods.
First elected to the council in 2012, she was the councillor for the Royton South ward. Chadderton was elected as council leader on 25 May 2022, becoming the town's third leader in just over a year after her predecessor Arooj Shah lost her seat in that year's election after just one year in post.
At the 2023 election Chadderton was defeated, becoming the third deposed leader in three sequential elections.
# Rho Fiera (Milan Metro)

Rho Fiera is a station on Line 1 of the Milan Metro in Rho, Lombardy, Italy. It was opened on 14 September 2005 as a one-station extension from Molino Dorino; Pero station was only added on 19 December 2005. The station provides service to the FieraMilano exhibitition centre and is the current western terminus of the line. It is the westernmost station on the network. The station is outside the urban area of Milan. There is a special ticket, single or return, available for people travelling from Milan in order to visit the exhibitition centre by way of Rho Fiera station.
# Ambo Declaration

The Ambo Declaration was adopted at the Tarawa Climate Change Conference on 10 November 2010 by Australia, Brazil, China, Cuba, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Maldives, Marshall Islands, New Zealand, Solomon Islands and Tonga. The declaration calls for more and immediate action to be undertaken to address the causes and adverse impacts of climate change. The Ambo Declaration, named after the village in Kiribati where parliament sits, was slated to be a non-legally-binding agreement between the nations to present at the larger international climate change summit, COP16 in Cancun, Mexico.
The United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, who also attended the conference, chose not to be part of the declaration by taking Observer status.
The purpose of the conference was to support the initiative of the President of Kiribati, Anote Tong, to hold a consultative forum between vulnerable states and their partners with a view of creating an enabling environment for multi-party negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The conference was a successor event to the Climate Vulnerable Forum first held in November 2009 in the Maldives, when eleven climate vulnerable countries signed the Bandos Island declaration pledging to show moral leadership and commence greening their economies by voluntarily committing to achieving carbon neutrality. Based on the lessons learned in the COP process, the TCCC proposed a more inclusive format of consultations, involving key partners among major developed and developing nations. The ultimate objective of TCCC was to reduce the number and intensity of various fault lines between parties to the COP process, explore elements of agreement between the parties and thereby to support Kiribati's and other parties' contribution to COP16 to be held in Cancun, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010.
# Amaroo railway station

Amaroo is a closed railway station on the Broken Hill railway line in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in 1885 and closed in 1974. No trace now remains of the station.
| Preceding station | Former services | Former services | Former services | Following station |
| Molongtowards Broken Hill | | Broken Hill Line | | Borenoretowards Orange |
# Amblyceps carinatum

Amblyceps carinatum is a species of catfish belonging to the family Amblycipitidae. It is only known from the upper part of the Irrawaddy River basin in Myanmar.
This is a small catfish (up to 36 mm standard length) found in fast flowing streams. The main characteristic which distinguishes it from its congeners is the shape of the adipose fin: in A. carinatum it takes the form of a long low ridge starting just behind the dorsal fin whilst in all other Amblyceps species it is blade-shaped and starts well behind the dorsal fin.
# Reynders

Reynders or Reijnders is a Dutch patronymic surname common in the Limburg area. The form Reinders is more common in the Eastern Netherlands and the flanking regions of Germany. The Dutch given name Reinder is a variation on Reinier (from Saint Rainier) or sometimes Reinhard. Notable people with the surname include:

## Reynders

* Agnes Kay Eppers Reynders, Bolivian road cyclist
* Bennie Reynders (born 1962), South African sprint canoeist
* Didier Reynders (born 1958), Belgian politician
* Henri Reynders (1903–1981), Belgian Roman Catholic priest and humanitarian
* Herman Reynders (born 1958), Belgian basketball player and politician
* John Reynders (1888–1953), British musician and composer
* Joseph Reynders (born 1929), Belgian swimmer
* Kamiel Reynders (born 1931), Belgian swimmer
* Martin Reynders (born 1972), Dutch footballer and manager
* Yvonne Reynders (born 1937), Belgian cyclist

## Reijnders

* Harry Reijnders [de; nl] (born 1954), Dutch architect
* Izaak Reijnders (1879–1966), Dutch Army general
* Peter Reijnders (1900–1974), Dutch photographer, film director and inventor
* Tijjani Reijnders (born 1998), Dutch footballer

## Reinders

* Elmar Reinders (born 1992), Dutch racing cyclist
* Geert Reinders [nl] (1737–1815), Dutch immunologist
* Joel Reinders (born 1987), Canadian football offensive tackle
* Kate Reinders (born 1980), American musical theatre actress
* Trevor Reinders (born 1963), Zimbabwean cricketer
* Uwe Reinders (born 1955), German football player and manager
# Spring Ridge

Spring Ridge may refer to the following places:
* Spring Ridge, Florida, a census-designated place in Gilchrist County, Florida, United States
* Spring Ridge, Louisiana, an unincorporated community in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States
* Spring Ridge, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place in Spring Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States
* Spring Ridge, New South Wales, a town in New South Wales, Australia
# Renzo Ricci

Renzo Ricci (27 September 1899 – 20 October 1978) was an Italian stage and film actor. He was also a noted theatre director. Ricci played the title role in Roberto Rossellini's 1961 film Garibaldi.

## Life and career

Born in Florence, Ricci started acting in a local dramatic society while still being a student of the Istituto tecnico, and made his professional debut in 1915, with the stage company held by Emma Gramatica. Mainly active on stage, he was a member of several companies, notably the Giorgio Strehler's company at the Piccolo Teatro in Milan. In 1957 he won the San Genesio Prize for his performance in Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night. He was married with actress Margherita Bagni with whom he had a daughter, Eleonora "Nora", also an actress. After his first wife's death he married his lover, another stage actress, Eva Magni.

## Selected filmography

* Before the Jury (1931)
* La Wally (1932)
* Nini Falpala (1933)
* Disturbance (1942)
* Nero and the Burning of Rome (1953)
* Casta Diva (1954)
* Garibaldi (1961)
* I am Semiramis (1963)
* Sandra (1965)
# Jacksons Lake (Lennox and Addington County)

Jacksons Lake is a small lake in the Moira River and Lake Ontario drainage basins in Addington Highlands, Lennox and Addington County, Ontario, Canada.
The lake is about 380 metres (1,247 ft) long and 110 metres (361 ft) wide and lies at an elevation of 214 metres (702 ft) about 5.5 kilometres (3 mi) west of the community of Kaladar and 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of Ontario Highway 7. The primary inflow at the northwest and outflow at the southeast is an unnamed creek that is a right tributary of Little Skootamatta Creek. That creek flows via the Skootamatta River and Moira River into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario at Belleville.
# Black room

A black room is part of a communication center (e.g. a post office) used by state officials to conduct clandestine interception and surveillance of communications. Typically, all letters or communications pass through the black room before being passed to the recipient. This practice had been in vogue since the establishment of postal and telegraph services, and was frequently used in France by the ministers of Louis XVIII and his followers as the cabinet noir (French for "black room").
In modern American network operations centers, optical splitters divert a percentage of the laser light from all incoming and outgoing fiber-optic cables to the secret room. An example is Room 641A in the SBC Communications building in San Francisco.
The term black room or black chamber has also been used to refer to any place or organisation dedicated to code-breaking.
# 1967 Menzel

1967 Menzel (prov. designation: A905 VC) is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 November 1905, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and later named after American astrophysicist Donald Howard Menzel.

## Classification and orbit

Menzel is a stony S-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,219 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first used observation at Goethe Link Observatory in 1965, or 60 years after its official discovery, with a number of unused observations previously made at Heidelberg.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after American astrophysicist Donald Howard Menzel (1901–1976), who was the director of the Harvard College Observatory and a pioneer in theoretical and observational astrophysics. Menzel, a mentor of several prolific astronomers, calculated Atomic Transition Probabilities, analysed the composition of stars from their spectra, studied the physics of gaseous nebulae and the Sun's chromosphere, observed solar eclipses, and measured the rotation period of Uranus and Neptune by means of spectroscopy. Menzel was also popular for debunking UFO sightings. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 April 1977 (M.P.C. 4158).

## Physical characteristics

Between September 2005 and November 2015, a total of least 10 rotational lightcurves were obtained for this asteroid from photometric observations from several observatories all over the world. They all gave a concurring, well-defined rotation period of 2.83–2.84 hours with a brightness variation between 0.24 and 0.39 magnitude.(U=3/3/3/3/3/3/3/3/2+/3).
According to the space-based survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Menzel measures between 9.6 and 10.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.21 and 0.25. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives a typical albedo for stony asteroids of 0.21 and a diameter of 10.1 kilometers, with an absolute magnitude of 12.25.
# Robert Popelka

Robert E. Popelka (born November 20, 1949) is a former American football player.
Popelka was raised in Temple, Texas, and played college football as a defensive back for Southern Methodist University. Popelka played tailback in high school but was converted to defense at SMU. In 1971, he intercepted a pass and returned it 76 yards for a touchdown to help SMU to an 18–17 upset victory over Texas Tech. He was a consensus first-team selection to the 1972 College Football All-America Team. He was also twice selected as an All-Southwest Conference player. SMU coach Hayden Fry said of Popelka: "Robert is the best defensive back in America. He has the tools and equipment to do it all. He has 9.7 speed, great quickness, and excellent judgment and timing." He also won the Southwest Conference's Kern Tips Memorial Award in 1972 as the conference's outstanding senior football player.
Popelka was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the 14th round of the 1973 NFL draft, He was considered to be too small and too slow for the NFL.
Popelka was inducted into the SMU Hall of Fame in 1983.
# Glenn Steelman

Glenn L. Steelman is an American film and television director.
He worked as an assistant director on a number of independent films namely Cyborg 3: The Recycler (1995), The Nature of the Beast (1995), The Expert (1995) and other films. In 1997, he began working in television working as an assistant director on the television series Women: Stories of Passion, Lizzie McGuire, Close to Home, Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, Hung, Revenge and Make It or Break It, making his head directorial debut on the latter series.
Prior to directing, Steelman had a small acting role as Cop #2 in the 1989 film Psycho Cop.