OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-1052

German submarine U-1052 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was ordered on 5 June 1941, and was laid down on 8 February 1943 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, as yard number 686. She was launched on 16 December 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Friedrich Weidner on 20 January 1944.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-1052 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-1052 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA mines, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between 44 — 52 men.

## Service history

U-1052 collided with the coaster Saude on 13 November 1944, south of Bergen. Saude sank when U-1052 went astern and pulled her bow out of the rupture in Saude's hull.
On 9 May 1945, U-1052 surrendered at Bergen, Norway. She was later transferred to Loch Ryan, Scotland on 30 May 1945. Of the 156 U-boats that eventually surrendered to the Allied forces at the end of the war, U-1052 was one of 116 selected to take part in Operation Deadlight. U-1052 was towed out on 9 December 1945, and sunk by aircraft of the RN's 816 Squadron.
The wreck is located at 55°50′N 10°05′W﻿ / ﻿55.833°N 10.083°W﻿ / 55.833; -10.083.
# Solidago inornata

Solidago inornata is a rare North American plant species in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the states of Minnesota and North Dakota in the north-central United States. It was first described in 1911 from specimens collected near Pleasant Lake in Benson County.
Solidago inornata is a small perennial herb up to 10 cm (4 inches) tall. Leaves are lance-shaped. Flower heads are each about 3 mm high. Leaves are lance-shaped, firm and rigid. The plant produces only a few flower heads compared to other species of goldenrod, the heads borne in branching arrays at the tops of the stems..
# Ojaotsa Springs

Ojaotsa Springs, also known as Serga Springs, is a set of springs in the village of Meremäe in Estonia. It is the source of Tuhkvitsa Creek. The springs might potentially be rising springs forming a travertine deposit. Ojaotsa Springs belongs to the pre-selection of Natura 2000 nature conservation areas; it has 10 groundwater openings and a flow rate of 150 liters per second (5.3 cu ft/s).
# Ellis Stouffer

Ellis Bagley Stouffer (7 November 1884, Melbourne, Iowa – 24 November 1965, Lawrence, Kansas) was an American mathematician specializing in projective differential geometry.

## Biography

Stouffer received bachelor's and master's degrees from Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. In 1911 he received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign under Ernest Julius Wilczynski with thesis Invariants of Linear Differential Equations, with Applications to Ruled Surfaces in Five-Dimensional Space.
Stouffer became at the University of Kansas in 1914 assistant professor, in 1917 associate professor and in 1921 full professor. In 1922 he also became dean of the Graduate School. In 1946–1951 he was dean of the University during its academic expansion program after World War II. He retired as dean in 1951 but continued teaching until 1955.
He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for the academic year 1926–1927. In 1928 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Bologna.
Upon his death he was survived by a wife and daughter. His doctoral students include Wealthy Babcock. At the University of Kansas, the E. B. Stouffer Professorship of Mathematics was established in his honor.

## Selected publications

* Stouffer, E. B. (November 1920). "Semivariants of a General System of Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 6 (11): 645–648. Bibcode:1920PNAS....6..645S. doi:10.1073/pnas.6.11.645. PMC 1084668. PMID 16576551.
* Stouffer, E. B. (September 1921). "Semi-covariants of a General System of Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 7 (9): 273–276. Bibcode:1921PNAS....7..273S. doi:10.1073/pnas.7.9.273. PMC 1084893. PMID 16576605.
* Stouffer, E. B. (1924). "On the independence of principal minors of determinants". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 26 (3): 356–368. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1924-1501282-2. MR 1501282.
* Stouffer, E. B. (January 1926). "A Simple Derivation of Kronecker's Relation among the Minors of a Symmetric Determinant". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 12 (1): 63–64. Bibcode:1926PNAS...12...63S. doi:10.1073/pnas.12.1.63. PMC 1084400. PMID 16576961.
* Stouffer, E. B. (1927). "Singular ruled surfaces in space of five dimensions". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 29: 80–95. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1927-1501377-6. MR 1501377.
* Stouffer, E. B. (1928). "Some canonical forms and associated canonical expressions in projective differential geometry". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 34 (3): 290–302. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1928-04556-1. MR 1561552.
* with Ernest P. Lane: Stouffer, E. B.; Lane, E. P. (1928). "Recent developments in projective differential geometry". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 34 (4): 453–472. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1928-04563-9. MR 1561588.
* Stouffer, E. B. (1932). "On the contact of two space curves". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 38 (6): 415–419. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1932-05411-8. MR 1562410.
* Stouffer, E. B. (March 1932). "A Geometrical Determination of the Canonical Quadric of Wilczynski". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 18 (3): 252–255. Bibcode:1932PNAS...18..252S. doi:10.1073/pnas.18.3.252. PMC 1076202. PMID 16587672.
# Stathmodera truncata

Stathmodera truncata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1896.
# Tahina (disambiguation)

Tahina also known as Tahini is a condiment made from sesame.
It may also refer to:
* Tahina, Iran, a village in Iran also known as Tahuneh, Jahrom, Iran
* Tahina spectabilis, species of gigantic palm tree found in northeastern Madagascar
* Tahina Razafindramary, educationist and teacher from Madagascar
# Alleycat Scratch

Alleycat Scratch was an American glam metal band formed in San Francisco, California, United States, in 1988. The band never gained popularity or commercial success due to the grunge movement of the 1990s. Their music has been considered highly underrated. The band has only released two albums to date. Their debut album, Deadboys in Trash City, has been considered some of the best sleaze rock of the period. Alleycat Scratch disbanded in 1994.

## Past members

* Tommy Haight - lead vocals
* Devin Lovelace - lead guitars and vocals
* Justin Sayne - rhythm guitar and vocals
* Bobby "Boa" Dias - bass guitar and vocals
* Michael Joyce - drums
* Robbi Black - drums
* Michael Michelle - lead vocals
* Eddie Robison - lead vocals

## Discography

* Deadboys in Trash City - 1993
* Last Call - 2009
# Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy

Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy is Leonard Nimoy's second album released shortly after Music from Outer Space. It was released in early 1968 by Dot Records and reached 97 on the US album chart.

## Background

The album is a continuation of the "Spock and Space" sound on which Nimoy embarked on his debut album. Side one showcases the side fans know as Mr. Spock but in a softer light, along with his struggle between being human and Vulcan. Side two represents Nimoy's interests in a variety of songs: novelty, pop, country and love songs.
Side one of this album is presented on the Varèse Sarabande Records 1995 reissue of Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Highly Illogical" (Charles R. Grean, Fred Hertz)
* "The Difference Between Us" (Cy Coben)
* "Once I Smiled" (Grean, Leonard Nimoy)
* "Spock Thoughts" (Grean, Max Ehrmann¹)
* "By Myself" (Howard Dietz, Arthur Schwartz)
* "Follow Your Star" (Grean, Hertz)
* "Amphibious Assault" (Grean, Mason Williams)

### Side two

* "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins" (Grean)
* "Cotton Candy" (Cliff Ralke)
* "Gentle on My Mind" (John Hartford)
* "Miranda" (Bart Howard)
* "If I Were a Carpenter" (Tim Hardin)
* "Love of the Common People" (John Hurley, Ronnie Wilkins)

## Production

* Produced by Charles R. Grean and Tom Mack
* Arranged and conducted by Charles R. Grean
* The lyrics of "Spock Thoughts" are in fact the prose poem "Desiderata" by Max Ehrmann.
# Jan Franciszek Adametz

Jan Franciszek Adametz was a Polish printer of 18th century Wrocław.
He printed for the magazine Schlesischer Nouvellen Courier in the years 1736–1741, previously issued by his father in law, Karl Leopold Bachler. In times of Prussian rule as a result of conflicts with the censors he did not obtain the privilege of publishing grace and had to leave the city.
# German submarine U-104

U-104 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-104, a Type U 57 submarine launched in 1917 and that served in the First World War until sunk on 25 April 1918
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-104, a Type UB III submarine launched in 1917 and that disappeared in September 1918
*** SM UC-104, a Type UC III submarine launched in 1918 and surrendered on 24 November 1918; broken up at Brest in July 1921
* German submarine U-104 (1940), a Type IXB submarine that served in the Second World War until she went missing after 28 November 1940
# Solidago hintoniorum

Solidago hintoniorum is rare Mexican species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It has been found in Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Coahuila in northeastern Mexico.
Solidago hintoniorum is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves are lance-shaped, up to 10 cm (4 inches) long. Flower heads are yellow, in elongated arrays at the tops of the stems.
# Elizur G. Webster

Elizur G. Webster (1829 - October 9, 1900) was an American silversmith and the founder of E. G. Webster & Son, a manufacturer of silverware.

## Life

Webster was born in 1829 in Hartford, Connecticut.
Webster opened a store at Atlantic and Fifth Avenues in Brooklyn in 1859. The firm became known as E. G. Webster & Son in 1873, and more stores were opened in Manhattan, Chicago and San Francisco. His brother, A. A. Webster, was actively involved in the firm until 1886. Webster designed silver holloware, including trays, mirror frames, bowls, and tea or coffee services.
With his wife and four sons (Frederic, George, Hawley and William), Webster resided at Greene and Clinton Avenues in Brooklyn, New York, and he had a second home in Warwick, New York. He died on October 9, 1900, in Warwick, and he was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery. He was worth an estimated $107,000 at the time of his death. The firm was acquired by the International Silver Company in 1928. Webster's son Frederic worked for the firm, and he died in 1941. It was acquired by Oneida Limited in 1981.
A catalogue of E. G. Webster & Son silverware is in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Silverware designed by E. G. and Son can be seen at the Brooklyn Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Birmingham Museum of Art, and the National Museum of American History.
# Gloria Mwaniga

Gloria Mwaniga is a Kenyan writer, educator and columnist for the Daily Nation and The EastAfrican. She is a graduate of the University of Nairobi and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Writing Workshop in Nigeria. In 2019, she was awarded a Miles Morland Writing Scholarship, and in 2022 her story "Boyi" was awarded the inaugural African Land Policy Centre Story Prize. Her story was subsequently included in Finding Ground and other stories: ALPC Anthology of short stories on Land in Africa. Her work has appeared in The Johannesburg Review of Books and The White Review.
# Gmina Lichnowy

Gmina Lichnowy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Malbork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lichnowy, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Malbork and 34 km (21 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
The gmina covers an area of 88.7 square kilometres (34.2 sq mi), and as of 2022 its total population is 4,427.

## Villages

Gmina Lichnowy contains the villages and settlements of Boręty, Boręty Drugie, Boręty Pierwsze, Dąbrowa, Lichnówki, Lichnówki Pierwsze, Lichnowy, Lisewo Malborskie, Parszewo, Pordenowo, Starynia, Stożki, Szymankowo and Tropiszewo.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Lichnowy is bordered by the town of Tczew and by the gminas of Malbork, Miłoradz, Nowy Staw, Ostaszewo, Suchy Dąb and Tczew.
# Paul Herget

Paul Herget (January 30, 1908 – August 27, 1981) was an American astronomer and director of the Cincinnati Observatory, who established the Minor Planet Center after World War II.

## Career

Herget taught astronomy at the University of Cincinnati. He was a pioneer in the use of machine methods, and eventually digital computers, in the solving of scientific and specifically astronomical problems (for example, in the calculation of ephemeris tables for minor planets).
During World War II he applied these same talents to the war effort, helping to locate U-boats by means of the application of spherical trigonometry.
Herget established the Minor Planet Center at the university after the war in 1947. He was also named director of the Cincinnati Observatory. The Minor Planet Center was eventually relocated in 1978 to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where it still operates.
Herget is also credited with helping design the shape of the Pringles potato-based chip.

## Awards and honors

* In 1965 he was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal by the National Academy of Sciences for, "his scientific accomplishments in celestial mechanics and orbit computation, and particularly for his contributions to the knowledge of the orbits of asteroids".
* Asteroid 1751 Herget, discovered by astronomers with the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory in 1955, was named in his honor. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on February 20, 1971 (M.P.C. 3143).
* On August 1, 1978, asteroid 1755 Lorbach, discovered by Marguerite Laugier at Nice in 1936, was named for his wife, Anne Lorbach Herget (M.P.C. 4419).

## Publication of discovery circumstances

In the 1950s and 1960s, Paul Herget compiled a large number of naming citations for minor planets, giving the discovery circumstances as well as background information on the name's origin and on the involved astronomers. His collected work is known as The Names of the Minor Planets and was published by the Cincinnati Observatory in 1955 and 1968. The last publication contains details of the discovery and naming of 1,564 minor planets up to the height of WWII in 1943, and spans from the first discovered minor planet, 1 Ceres, up to 1564 Srbija. Herget's discovery circumstances were later incorporated into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, which was prepared by astronomer Lutz Schmadel on behalf of IAU's commission 20. In this work, citations that originate from Herget's original compilation are marked with the letter "H" and the corresponding page number.
# Alvin C. Eurich

Alvin Christian Eurich (June 14, 1902 – May 27, 1987) was a 20th-century American educator. He was the first president of the State University of New York, and served as president from 1949 to 1951.

## Early life and education

Eurich was born in Bay City, Michigan and pursued degrees in Psychology at North Central College and the University of Maine. He supported himself by working as a speech instructor while in Maine. He earned a Ph.D. in Educational Psychology at the University of Minnesota in 1929, where he worked as a professor and assistant dean of the College of Education from 1927 to 1936.

## Career

In 1937 he left for Northwestern University and a year after that, he left for Stanford University. During World War II, he served in the Navy, returning to take a Vice Presidency at Stanford University. He helped organize the Stanford Research Institute and served as its chairman. He was named acting President of Stanford in 1948 after his predecessor's sudden death, shortly before assuming the Presidency of SUNY.
From 1958 to 1964, Eurich served as Executive Director of the Ford Foundation's Educational Division and in 1961 he co-founded the Academy for Educational Development and served as its chairman for many years. He also served as President of the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies from 1963 to 1972.

## Personal life

He was married to Nell Eurich; they had two children: Juliet Eurich McDonough and Donald Eurich. After his death, his wife married Maurice Lazarus.
# USS Hamilton (1809)

The first USS Hamilton was a United States Navy schooner which served on Lake Ontario from 1812 to 1813 during the War of 1812.
Hamilton was built at Oswego, New York, as the merchant ship Diana in 1809 for the merchant Matthew McNair. On 21 October 1812, the U.S. Navy purchased Diana for use on Lake Ontario. Diana was based at Sackets Harbor, New York. Her name was changed to USS Hamilton on 5 November 1812, in honor of the United States Secretary of the Navy Paul Hamilton (1762–1816).
Hamilton was not a large or specialized warship; instead, she was a simple ship that was pressed into U.S. Navy service. With the conversion of Hamilton to a man-of-war problems came up such as the decks not being strong enough to carry naval guns and the bulwarks not being high enough to provide enough protection for the gun crews. Nonetheless, the 76 tons burthen Hamilton was armed with eight 12-pounder carronades and one swiveling 24-or 32-pounder "Long Tom" cannon mounted amidships.
Hamilton, under the command of a Lieutenant Walter Winter, and the schooner USS Scourge sank during a sudden squall off Fourteen Mile Creek near present-day Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, around 2:00 a.m. on 8 August 1813. Sixteen men survived from the two ships, but the sinkings took more than 80 men to their deaths. Ned Myers, a survivor of Scourge, told his story to James Fenimore Cooper; according to Myers, about eight men from Hamilton were saved and about 42 were lost.
The site of the sunken ships was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1976. The Ontario Heritage Act was amended in 2005 to provide special protection to the wrecks of Hamilton and Scourge because of their historical and cultural significance and because they contain human remains.
# Halolaguna guizhouensis

Halolaguna guizhouensis is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It is found in China (Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou).
The wingspan is 14–15 mm.
# German submarine U-1056

German submarine U-1056 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was ordered on 5 June 1941, and was laid down on 21 June 1943 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, as yard number 690. She was launched on 30 March 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Rudolf Schwarz on 29 April 1944.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-1056 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-1056 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA mines, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between 44 — 52 men.

## Service history

U-1056 was scuttled near Gelting in Gelting Bay on 5 May 1945 as part of Operation Regenbogen. Her wreck was raised and broken.
# Geli (software)

geli is a block device-layer disk encryption system written for FreeBSD, introduced in version 6.0. It uses the GEOM disk framework. It was designed and implemented by Paweł Jakub Dawidek.

## Design details

geli was initially written to protect data on a user's computer in situations of physical theft of hardware, disallowing the thief access to the protected data. This has changed over time with the introduction of optional data authentication/integrity verification.
geli allows the key to consist of several information components (a user entered passphrase, random bits from a file, etc.), permits up to 2 keys (a user key and a company key, for example), and can attach a provider with a random, one-time key. The user passphrase is strengthened with PKCS#5.

## Differences from GBDE

The geli utility is different from gbde in that it offers different features and uses a different scheme for doing cryptographic work. It supports the crypto framework within FreeBSD, allowing hardware cryptographic acceleration if available, as well as supporting more cryptographic algorithms (currently AES, Triple DES, Blowfish and Camellia) and data authentication/integrity verification via MD5, SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384 or SHA512 as Hash Message Authentication Codes.