OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Een Jongmensch...

Een Jongmensch... is a 1907 Dutch silent film directed by Willy Mullens.

## Plot

The film relates the short story of a young man who is suspended from a tree in Muiden Forest after being rejected by the girl of his dreams and decides to himself to hang from the highest tree in the local park. Soon he is discovered by the park and a great fuss is created for him to come down. The young man survives the ordeal.
In France a film also circulated with the same plot twist called Le Pendu.
# Athletics at the 1987 Pan American Games – Men's 50 kilometres walk

The men's 50 kilometres walk event at the 1987 Pan American Games was held in Indianapolis, United States on 15 August.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Martín Bermúdez | Mexico | 3:58.54 | GR |
| | Raúl González | Mexico | 4:07.27 | |
| | Héctor Moreno | Colombia | 4:18.48 | |
| 4 | Nelson Funes | Guatemala | 4:49.53 | |
| | Querubín Moreno | Colombia | DNF | |
| | José Víctor Alonzo | Guatemala | DNF | |
| | Randy Mimm | United States | DQ | |
| | Dan O'Conner | United States | DQ | |
# SS Köln

SS Köln may refer to one of the following passenger steamers for North German Lloyd:
* SS Köln (1870), in service 1870–1895; scrapped 1895
* SS Köln (1899), lead ship her class; in service, 1899–1917; seized by the United States in 1917; served as troop transport USS Amphion (ID-1888) during World War I; scrapped 1924
* SS Köln (1922), in service 1922–1940
# Edward Davis (bushranger)

Edward Davis (1816–1841) was an Australia convict turned bushranger. His real name is not certain, but in April 1832 he was convicted under the name George Wilkinson for attempting to steal a wooden till and copper coins to the total value of 7 shillings. Sentenced to seven years transportation, he arrived in Sydney on the Camden in 1833 and was placed in the Hyde Park Barracks. Over the next few years he escaped four times: on 23 December 1833 from the Barracks, on 1 December 1835 from Penrith, on 10 January 1837 from the farmer he had been assigned to, and for a final time on 21 July 1838.
In the summer of 1839 he formed a bushranger gang of escaped convicts which roamed in New South Wales, from Maitland to the New England Highway, in the Hunter Region, and down to Brisbane Water near Gosford. They had a main hideout at Pilcher's Mountain, near Dungog. The gang members gained a Robin Hood like reputation, for supposedly giving some of the plunder of the wealthy to their assigned convict servants, and for adopting a gallant air and flamboyant dress, and tying pink ribbons to their horses' bridles. Davis instructed his gang that violence was only permissible in order to escape capture, but in December 1840 a store keeper's clerk was killed by gang member John Shea in the course of a robbery at Scone (Davis was elsewhere in the town at the time). Davis immediately retreated with the gang to a hideout at Doughboy Hollow at Murrurundi, but they were surprised by a posse that had followed them. In the shootout, Davis was wounded in the shoulder. Davis, John Everett, John Shea, Robert Chitty, James Bryant and John Marshall were captured, Richard Glanvill escaped.
They stood trial in the Supreme Court in Sydney, Shea charged with murder and the others with aiding and abetting Shea. They were all found guilty by a jury and condemned to death by Chief Justice Sir James Rowling. There was public sympathy for Davis with many appealing for a reprieve, but the Executive Council confirmed the sentence. Davis was hanged on 16 March 1841. Davis was a Jew, and was referred to later as "Teddy the Jewboy". He was assisted at his execution by the reader of the Sydney synagogue and buried in the Jewish portion of the Sydney Devonshire Street Cemetery.
In June 1995, an opera based on the life of Davis, Teddy the Jewboy, by poet and composer Chris Mann, was performed in Brisbane.
# Atla recondita

Atla recondita is a rare alpine species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. Found in Sweden, it was formally described as new to science in 2015 by Sanja and Leif Tibell. The type specimen was collected from Hamrafjället (Härjedalen Municipality) at an altitude of 1,075 m (3,527 ft); there, it was found growing on calciferous rocks. It is known only from a few locations in this area, collected at an altitude range between 610 and 1,075 m (2,001 and 3,527 ft). The lichen has a thin olive brown-coloured thallus and ascospores with 9–15 transverse septa and 3–4 longitudinal septa. The authors note that it is not possible to distinguish this species from the similar Polyblastia by morphology alone.
# Atlantic (company)

Atlantic was an Italian toy manufacturing company based in Treviglio, being in business from 1966 to 1984. In the 1970s it became widely popular both in Italy and in Europe as a producer of scale models ships, 1:72- and HO-scale toy soldiers, board games.
The original Atlantic company ceased to exist in 1984; in the late 1990s, the "Atlantic" brand and logo were acquired by Nexus Editrice.

## History

Atlantic began producing toy soldiers in the late 1960s, achieving a great popularity in 1971 with the HO scale plastic toy soldier series "Soldati d'Italia" ("Italian soldiers") dedicated to the different branches of the contemporary Italian army. Based on this success, the company began creating series for the World War II armies and other historical periods, including the American Old West, the Roman Empire, and Ancient Egypt. The HO toy soldier line was complemented with a vast series of vehicles, from tanks to heavy bombers, as well as buildings (for example, a miniature Colosseum was created for the Roman Empire toy soldier series). Starting from 1978, Atlantic also commercialized science fiction toy soldier lines, some of which based on Japanese anime such as Captain Harlock and Grendizer.
Besides toy soldiers, Atlantic produced Giocagoal (an association football board game that was a cheaper version of Subbuteo), "Superbasket" (an action figure-based board game of basketball), a series of science fiction action figures known as "Atlantic Galaxy", a few board games, and other minor toy lines.
Atlantic ceased creating new lines in 1978; for a few years, it marketed reprints of its classical lines (mostly in scale 1:72) made with plastic leftovers and sold in cheaper packages. By 1984 all production ceased. Reportedly, most Atlantic toy molds were sold to an Iraqi toy company and later got lost or destroyed during the First Gulf War. A few of the molds were acquired by boardgame and toy manufacturer Nexus Editrice, that began creating quality reprints (mostly for the collectors' market) in 1998 and published the miniature wargame "Atlantic Wars" based on Atlantic toy soldiers. Nexus currently owns the Atlantic brand and logo.
# Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's shot put

The men's shot put competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 8 October at the Busan Asiad Main Stadium.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 8 October 2002 | 12:00 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Randy Barnes (USA) | 23.12 | Los Angeles, United States | 20 May 1990 |
| Asian Record | Sergey Rubtsov (KAZ) | 20.45 | Almaty, Kazakhstan | 15 June 1996 |
| Games Record | Liu Hao (CHN) | 19.26 | Hiroshima, Japan | 14 October 1994 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Result | Notes |
| Rank | Athlete | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Result | Notes |
| | Bahadur Singh Sagoo (IND) | X | 19.03 | X | X | X | X | 19.03 | |
| | Bilal Saad Mubarak (QAT) | 18.98 | X | 18.86 | X | 18.75 | 18.86 | 18.98 | |
| | Shakti Singh (IND) | 17.49 | X | X | X | 18.27 | 18.16 | 18.27 | |
| 4 | Ahmad Gholoum (KUW) | X | 18.05 | 17.97 | X | 18.27 | 17.84 | 18.27 | |
| 5 | Kim Jae-il (KOR) | 17.80 | 17.66 | X | 17.15 | 18.16 | X | 18.16 | |
| 6 | Sultan Al-Hebshi (KSA) | 16.28 | 16.54 | X | X | 17.05 | 16.97 | 17.05 | |
| 7 | Satoshi Hatase (JPN) | 16.79 | 16.09 | 16.26 | 15.88 | 16.10 | 16.34 | 16.79 | |
| 8 | Amin Al-Aradi (KSA) | 14.82 | 16.19 | 16.28 | 16.35 | X | 15.92 | 16.35 | |
| 9 | Ibrahim Al-Mannai (QAT) | X | 15.91 | 15.97 | | | | 15.97 | |
# Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's triple jump

The men's triple jump competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 9 October at the Busan Asiad Main Stadium.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Wednesday, 9 October 2002 | 15:00 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Jonathan Edwards (GBR) | 18.29 | Gothenburg, Sweden | 7 August 1995 |
| Asian Record | Oleg Sakirkin (KAZ) | 17.35 | Moscow, Russia | 5 June 1994 |
| Games Record | Zou Sixin (CHN) | 17.31 | Beijing, China | 3 October 1990 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Attempt | Result | Notes |
| Rank | Athlete | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Result | Notes |
| | Salem Al-Ahmedi (KSA) | 15.74 −0.8 | X | 16.41 +0.8 | X | 16.60 +0.2 | X | 16.60 | |
| | Lao Jianfeng (CHN) | X | 16.57 +0.4 | 16.56 +0.9 | X | X | 16.39 −0.3 | 16.57 | |
| | Takashi Komatsu (JPN) | 15.48 +0.2 | X | 16.34 +1.0 | X | X | X | 16.34 | |
| 4 | Mohamed Hamdi (QAT) | X | 15.89 +0.1 | X | X | X | 16.01 −0.3 | 16.01 | |
| 5 | Lee Kang-min (KOR) | X | 15.91 +0.7 | X | X | 15.88 +0.2 | 15.93 0.0 | 15.93 | |
| 6 | Khaled Al-Bakheet (KUW) | 15.52 +0.2 | X | 15.75 +0.2 | 15.54 +0.2 | X | X | 15.75 | |
| 7 | Wu Ji (CHN) | 15.58 +0.5 | X | — | — | — | — | 15.58 | |
| 8 | Nattaporn Namkanha (THA) | 14.83 +0.6 | X | 15.45 −0.1 | 15.36 +0.3 | 15.24 −0.6 | X | 15.45 | |
| 9 | Sita Ram Mahato (NEP) | 14.20 +0.3 | X | 14.59 −0.5 | | | | 14.59 | |
| 10 | Si Kuan Wong (MAC) | 14.31 +0.1 | 14.02 +0.2 | 14.26 −0.2 | | | | 14.31 | |
# Halden Reactor

The Halden Reactor was a 25MW (thermal) nuclear reactor located in Halden, Norway and dedicated for research. Construction started 1955 and the reactor became operative in 1958 and was operated by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE). The reactor was built into bedrock at 100 metres (330 ft) depth. The Halden Reactor was operational 1958–2018.
In October 2016 media said that it was expected to close at the time, without saying what year it would reopen. In June 2018, the board of directors of Norway's Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) has decided to close the Halden Reactor permanently and to start its decommissioning. The board did not apply to extend its operating licence, which expired in 2020, and the reactor, which was at the time shut down due to a safety valve failure, was not restarted again. Because it was primarily a research reactor, steam production was driven by the research programme rather than demand from the paper factory (the consumer).
The reactor was a boiling heavy water reactor; it was moderated and cooled by heavy water in the primary circuit, producing heavy water steam. The heat was transferred to a closed light water secondary circuit, then to a tertiary system which delivered steam to a neighbouring paper factory The reactor was used for safety-focused research into materials, fuel burnup, and fuel behaviour in prolonged operating conditions in co-operation with organizations from 19 countries.
In 2019 IFE uncovered that research data had been falsified or manipulated at the Halden Reactor.
In August 2019 IFE started an investigation into alleged scientific misconduct in historic Halden Reactor projects involving the possible alterations of research results. Since 2016 IFE has worked to improve the safety culture and processes at Halden. An independent investigation found that the results of several nuclear fuel tests carried out between 1990 and 2005 had been fabricated, and the false results had been supplied to a number of nuclear organisations internationally.
In 2020 it was estimated dismantling the Halden and Kjeller research reactors and restoring the sites to unrestricted use will cost about NOK20 billion (US$2 billion) and take 20 to 25 years.

## Incidents

The research reactor suffered on 24 October 2016 1:45 pm a small leakage of radioactive iodine. No health risk or danger to the environment outside the facility was expected by the NRPA-authority. The reactor was already shut down at the time for routine maintenance.
# Heat storage

Articles on heat storage include:
* Energy storage
* Thermal energy storage
** Hot water storage tank
* Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES)
* Storage heater
* Steam accumulator
* Fireless locomotive
# Tetragraph

A tetragraph, from Greek τετρα (tetra) 'four' and γράφω (gráphō) 'write', is a sequence of four letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not necessarily correspond to the individual values of the letters. In German, for example, the tetragraph tsch represents the sound of the English digraph ch. English does not have tetragraphs in native words (the closest is perhaps the sequence -ough in words like through), but chth and phth are true tetragraphs when found initially in words of Greek origin such as chthonic and phthisis.
Phonemes spelled with multiple characters often indicate that either the phoneme or the script is alien to the language. For example, the Cyrillic alphabets adapted to the Caucasian languages, which are phonologically very different from Russian, make extensive use of digraphs, trigraphs, and even a tetragraph in Kabardian кхъу for /q͡χʷ/. The Romanized Popular Alphabet created for the Hmong languages includes three tetragraphs: nplh, ntsh, and ntxh, which represent complex consonants.

## List of tetragraphs
### Cyrillic script

In Cyrillic used for languages of the Caucasus, there are tetragraphs as doubled digraphs used for 'strong' consonants (typically transcribed in the IPA as geminate), and also labialized homologues of trigraphs.
⟨кхъу⟩ is used in Kabardian for [qʷ], the labialized homologue of ⟨кхъ⟩ [q], in turn unpredictably derived from ejective ⟨къ⟩ [qʼ].
⟨кӏкӏ⟩ is used in Avar for [kʼː], the 'strong' homologue of ⟨кӏ⟩ [kʼ], the ejective (⟨ӏ⟩) homologue of ⟨к⟩ [k]. It is often substituted with ⟨кӏ⟩ [kʼ].
⟨цӏцӏ⟩ is used in Avar for [tsʼː]. It is often substituted with ⟨цӏ⟩ [tsʼ].
⟨чӏчӏ⟩ is used in Avar for [tʃʼː]. It is often substituted with ⟨чӏ⟩ [tʃʼ].
⟨гъӏв⟩ is used in Archi for [ʁʷˤ]
⟨ккъӏ⟩ is used in Archi for [qːʼˤ]
⟨къIв⟩ is used in Archi for [qʼʷˤ]
⟨ллъв⟩ is used in Archi for [ɬːʷ]
⟨ххьI⟩ is used in Archi for [χːˤ]
⟨хъIв⟩ is used in Archi for [qʷˤ ]
⟨хьIв⟩ is used in Archi for [χʷˤ]

### Canadian syllabics

Inuktitut syllabics has a series of trigraphs for ŋ followed by a vowel. For geminate ŋŋ, these are form tetragraphs with n:
    ᙱ ŋŋi, ᙳ ŋŋu, ᙵ ŋŋa
These are literally nnggi, nnggu, nngga.
# Steven and Chris

Steven and Chris is a Canadian television talk show that aired on CBC Television from 2008 to 2015. The show was hosted by Steven Sabados and Chris Hyndman, formerly of the home renovation shows Designer Guys and Design Rivals, who host celebrity guests and talk about topics ranging from entertainment, cooking, fashion, health and home decor.
Sabados and Hyndman were both openly gay. Despite being a longtime couple off-screen, they did not publicly acknowledge their relationship until 2008. Steven and Chris is believed to have been the first daytime talk show in television history hosted by a married same-sex couple.
On March 10, 2009, CBC announced that the show was put on hiatus due to the network's budget cuts. It concluded on April 15, 2009 and continued in reruns in its usual timeslot. The show returned on December 10, 2009 with a prime time holiday special, and regular new episodes began on January 4, 2010.
The show debuted in syndication in the United States through Program Partners in the fall of 2010. In the fall of 2011, it began airing exclusively on Live Well Network.
Hyndman died on August 3, 2015. The circumstances and cause have not been fully disclosed. The day after his death, the CBC suspended production and temporarily withdrew the show from its schedule pending a follow-up announcement of whether the show would be permanently cancelled, or continue in the future with a new co-host.
On August 21, Sabados announced that he would not continue the show, resulting in its cancellation. However, repeat episodes continued to air on the network and on OutTV. In 2016, Sabados announced the new series The Goods, which he cohosted with Jessi Cruickshank, Andrea Bain and Shahir Massoud.
# Kalser

Kalser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Erwin Kalser (1883–1958), German actor
* Konstantin Kalser (1920–1994), American film producer
# Salvia 'Indigo Spires'

Salvia 'Indigo Spires' is a hybrid cross between S. longispicata and S. farinacea. It was a chance discovery at Huntington Botanical Gardens, found growing near the two presumed parents, S. longispicata and S. farinacea. Introduced into horticulture in 1979, and has become a very popular bedding plant.
The spike-like inflorescences reach 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in), blooming from early summer to frost, with small (1.3 cm (0.51 in)) rich violet flowers that are very tightly packed in whorls. The 1.3 cm (0.51 in) calyx is purple, staying long after the flower falls off.
# Ruth Tappe Scruggs

Ruth Eliza Tappe Scruggs (August 4, 1893 – July 2, 1980) was an American clubwoman. She was the sixth national president (Grand Basileus) of the Zeta Phi Beta sorority, in office from 1926 to 1930.

## Early life and education

Ruth E. Tappe was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of James Henry Tappe and Mary Susan Monroe Tappe. She earned a bachelor's degree in education from Howard University in 1919.

## Career

Tappe worked at the Government Printing Office in Washington as a young woman. Scruggs was the sixth national president of Zeta Phi Beta, serving in that leadership role from 1926 to 1930. During her tenure, the sorority joined the National Pan-Hellenic Conference, and its official national magazine, The Archon, began publication.
Besides Zeta Phi Beta, Scruggs was active in church work. In 1950, she helped found the Niagara-Buffalo chapter of The Links, another Black women's service organization.

## Personal life

Ruth Tappe married physician and community leader Ivorite Lorimer Scruggs in 1920. They moved to Buffalo, New York in 1921, where they were socially prominent, and owned an apartment building. Her husband died in 1974, and she died in 1980, in her late eighties, in Detroit, Michigan.
# Hartland Hundred

The hundred of Hartland was the name of one of thirty two ancient administrative units of Devon, England.
The parishes in the hundred were: Clovelly, Hartland, Welcombe, Woolfardisworthy (West) and Yarnscombe.
# Pointe du Grouin du Cou Lighthouse

The Pointe du Grouin du Cou Lighthouse (sometimes called the La Tranche-sur-Mer Lighthouse) is a French lighthouse, located on the eponymous point in the southern part of the Vendée department; it guards the entrance to the Pertuis Breton on the Île de Ré, on the west side of La Tranche-sur-Mer. The lighthouse, constructed in 1953 to a design by Maurice Durand, replaces an earlier tower that was destroyed by retreating German troops during World War II.

## Description

The lighthouse at Pointe du Grouin du Cou is a 52-foot-tall (16 m) Art Deco tower built in concrete; it is octagonal, and has a lantern and gallery as well. The tower is white, while the lantern is painted black. Its focal plane is 95 feet (29 m) above sea level, and it shows a flash of light every five seconds; depending on the direction, the light shown is either white, red, or green. The signal is currently halogen powered.

## History

The first lighthouse on the site was lit on 1 July 1831; it was a small cylindrical tourelle encased in masonry, and showed a fixed white light. A short tower, it stood only 27 feet (8.2 m) tall, and was intended to warn ships' captains off of the treacherous limestone rocks that could be found in the area. A taller light, 46 feet (14 m) tall, was installed in May 1867, and also showed a fixed white light. This was changed in 1893 to a light which flashed every five seconds, and which showed white and red sectors. In 1906 the signal was converted to a mercury-vapor lamp, and in 1931 it received a supplementary green sector. The lighthouse was powered by various means at various points in its career, notably vegetable oil (1831), mineral oil (around 1875), gas (1906) and finally electricity (1953).
The lighthouse at the point was completely demolished on the night of 24 July 1944 by German soldiers. A temporary wooden pylon was erected soon after, being lit on 10 October of the following year; the old lighthouse was not permanently replaced, however, until 1953. On 25 April of that year the new tower showed its light, an electric signal, for the first time; it was tended by a keeper until 1985, when it was automated. Today the lighthouse is controlled automatically from Les Sables-d'Olonne; its property is still owned by the government, and is off-limits to visitors.
# Podocarpus hispaniolensis

Podocarpus hispaniolensis is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to the Dominican Republic.
This tree grows in rainforest habitat with Prestoea montana, Clusia clusioides, Cyrilla racemiflora, Byrsonima lucida, Didymopanax tremulus, Haenianthus salicifolius, and Magnolia pallescens. The population of this plant is fragmented and made up of scattered individuals. The habitat is degraded by logging. The timber of this species has been overharvested for construction wood.
# 2024 World Para Athletics Championships – Women's shot put

The women's shot put events at the 2024 World Para Athletics Championships were held in Kobe.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| F12 | Safiya Burkhanova Uzbekistan | Zhao Yuping China | Xue Enhui China |
| F20 | Sabrina Fortune Great Britain | Poleth Méndes Ecuador | Aleksandra Zaitseva Neutral Paralympic Athletes (NPA) |
| F32 | Wanna Helena Brito Oliveira Brazil | Evgeniia Galaktionova Neutral Paralympic Athletes (NPA) | Maroua Brahmi Tunisia |
| F33 | Gilda Guadalupe Cota Vera Mexico | Wu Qing China | Svetlana Krivenok Neutral Paralympic Athletes (NPA) |
| F34 | Zou Lijuan China | Bhagyashree Jadhav India | Saida Amoudi Morocco |
| F35 | Wang Jun China | Dilafruzkhon Akhmatkhonova Uzbekistan | not awarded |
| F37 | Li Yingli China | Irina Vertinskaya Neutral Paralympic Athletes (NPA) | Mi Na China |
| F40 | Maryam Alzeyoudi United Arab Emirates | Pauleth Mejía Hernández Mexico | Lara Baars Netherlands |
| F41 | Raoua Tlili Tunisia | Kubaro Khakimova Uzbekistan | Mayerli Buitrago Ariza Colombia |
| F46 | Noelle Malkamaki United States | Holly Robinson New Zealand | Yukiko Saito Japan |
| F54 | Gloria Zarza Guadarrama Mexico | Elizabeth Rodrigues Gomes Brazil | Nurkhon Kurbanova Uzbekistan |
| F57 | Safia Djelal Algeria | Xu Mian China | Nassima Saifi Algeria |
| F64 | Yao Juan China | Arelle Middleton United States | Yang Yue China |