OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stereopticon

A stereopticon is a slide projector or relatively powerful "magic lantern", which has two lenses, usually one above the other, and has mainly been used to project photographic images. These devices date back to the mid 19th century, and were a popular form of entertainment and education before the advent of moving pictures.
Magic lanterns originally used rather weak light sources, like candles or oil lamps, that produced projections that were just large and strong enough to entertain small groups of people. During the 19th century stronger light sources, like limelight, became available.
For the "dissolving views" lantern shows that were popularized by Henry Langdon Childe since the late 1830s, lanternists needed to be able to project two aligned pictures in the same spot on a screen, gradually dimming a first picture while revealing a second one. This could be done with two lanterns, but soon biunial lanterns (with two objectives placed one above the other) became common.
William and Frederick Langenheim from Philadelphia introduced a photographic glass slide technology at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in London in 1851. For circa two centuries magic lanterns had been used to project painted images from glass slides, but the Langenheim brothers seem to have been the firsts to incorporate the relatively new medium of photography (introduced in 1839). To enjoy the details of photographic slides optimally, the stronger lanterns were needed.
By 1860 Massachusetts chemist and businessman John Fallon improved a large biunial lantern, imported from England, and named it 'stereopticon'.
For a usual fee of ten cents, people could view realistic images of nature, history, and science themes. The two lenses are used to dissolve between images when projected. This "visual storytelling" with technology directly preceded the development of the first moving pictures.
The term stereopticon has been widely misused to name a stereoscope. The stereopticon has not commonly been used for three-dimensional images.
# Al-Awjam

Al-Awjam (often called Lājām locally) is a small village located in the Qatif Governorate, which is affiliated with the city of Safwa in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia on the coast of the Persian Gulf. The village is located in the far northeastern corner of the Eastern Province, west of the city of Qatif, in an oil-rich area near the Ghawar and Qatif fields. It has a population of 16,147 people.
Al-Awjam is located near Qatif, and, like most cities in the region, is home to a large Shia Muslim population. This contrasts with the majority of Saudis, who are Sunni. As a result, sectarian tensions exist, especially during the Shia holy day of Ashura: however, the conflict has reportedly eased since 2005.
# San Blas coralbrotula

The San Blas coral-brotula (Pseudogilbia sanblasensis) is a species of viviparous brotula found in reefs along the Caribbean coast of Panama. This species grows to a length of 6.6 centimetres (2.6 in) SL. This species is the only known member of its genus.
# San Martín River

San Martín River may refer to:
* San Martín River (Bolivia), a river in Beni Department
* San Martín River (Mexico), a river in Jalisco State
# San Fermín de los Navarros

The Church of San Fermín de los Navarros (Spanish: Iglesia de San Fermín de los Navarros) is a church located in Madrid, Spain. It is dedicated to Saint Fermin (who is associated with Navarre), and replaces an earlier church dedicated to the saint which was demolished to make way for the Bank of Spain.
Projected by Eugenio Jiménez Corera and Carlos Velasco Peinado, the building is constructed from brick. It mixes Neo-Mudéjar and Gothic Revival elements. The Gothic style is employed in the interior, whereas the Mudejar elements are more typical of the exterior. It was designed in 1886 and finished in 1890. It was inaugurated on 6 July 1890.

## Conservation

Some of the contents of the church were lost in the Spanish Civil War.
The building was declared Bien de Interés Cultural (asset of cultural interest) on 20 April 1995.
# Bacteriophage scaffolding proteins

In molecular biology, bacteriophage scaffolding proteins are proteins involved in bacteriophage assembly.
The assembly of a macromolecular structure proceeds via a specific pathway of ordered events and involves conformational changes in the proteins as they join the assembly. The assembly process is aided by scaffolding proteins, which act as chaperones. In bacteriophage, scaffolding proteins B and D are responsible for procapsid formation. 240 copies of protein D form the external scaffold, while 60 copies of protein B form the internal scaffold. The role of scaffolding protein D is in the production of viral single-stranded RNA.
# BTCP (disambiguation)

BTCP is benzothiophenylcyclohexylpiperidine, a psychoactive recreational drug.
BTCP may also refer to:
* British Transport Commission Police, former name of the British Transport Police
* Bachelor of Town and County Planning, a British degree abbreviation
* Breakthrough cancer pain, see Pain § Breakthrough
# Elveden Centre

Elveden Centre is a three-tower office building located at 717 7th Avenue Southwest in Calgary, Alberta. Designed by Alberta architectural firm Rule Wynn and Rule and built in three phases between 1959 and 1964, it is one of Calgary's best examples of International-style architecture.

## History and design

During the boom following the discovery of Leduc No. 1 on 13 February 1947, the area of downtown Calgary west of 4th Street saw the construction of many new office buildings intended to house the oil companies that had moved into the city. These buildings included the Barron Building (1947), Petro Chemical Building (1956), Triad Oil Building (1956), Britannia Building (1958), Petro-Fina Building (1959), and Dome Oil Building (1959).
Elveden was commissioned by British Pacific Building, a company owned by the Guinness family. The family at that time had interests in the Calgary companies Duke Drilling Investment Company and Seabridge Investments. Albertan architectural firm Rule Wynn and Rule was hired for the project. Construction, done by the Commonwealth Construction Company, began in 1959. Steel was provided by the Dominion Bridge Company. In order for the project to commence, the City of Calgary had to amend a restriction that limited buildings to twelve stories.
The first and central tower, Elveden House, was built between 1959 and 1960. It is named after the Guinness's estate in Suffolk, which itself is named after half of Benjamin Guinness's peer, Viscount Elveden. The second tower, Iveagh House, on the east side, was built between 1960 and 1962 and is named after the other half of Benjamin Guinness's peer, the Earl of Iveagh. The third tower, Guinness House, on the west side, was built between 1962 and 1964 and is named after the Guinness family.
The complex has 447,814 sq ft (41,603.3 m$^2$) of office space, with 172,081 sq ft (15,986.8 m$^2$) in the main tower.
In 2005, the Calgary Heritage Authority added Elveden House to its list as a Category A (top priority) site.
# Badehar Urf Dehlan

Badehar Urf Dehlan is a village situated in Una Tehsil of Una district, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is one of the largest village in Himachal Pradesh.

## Demographics

Badehar Urf Dehlan has a population of 2,487 people out of which 1,221 are males and 1,266 are females according to the 2011 Indian Census.
# Badejo

Badejo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Babafemi Badejo (born 1955), Nigerian diplomat and academic
* Bolaji Badejo (1953–1992), Nigerian visual artist and actor
* Emmanuel Adetoyese Badejo (born 1961), Nigerian Roman Catholic prelate
# Bademli, Akseki

Bademli is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Akseki, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 370 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).
# Sandstream 26

The Sandstream 26 is a Canadian sailboat, that was built in the late 1980s.

## Production

The boat was built by Sandstream Yachts a division of Stanlet Hatch, but it is now out of production. The company built boats from 1985 to 1997 in Stouffville, Ontario, Canada, before going out of business.

## Design

The Sandstream 26 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 4,500 lb (2,041 kg) and carries 1,800 lb (816 kg) of steel ballast.
The cabin has 71 in (1.8 m) of headroom.
The boat has a draft of 47 in (1.2 m) with the standard keel fitted. It is equipped with a Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of 8 hp (6 kW).
The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 243.
# Elliott-Donaldson House

The Elliott-Donaldson House is a historic mansion in Okolona, Mississippi, U.S.. It was built in 1850, a decade prior to the American Civil War of 1861–1865. By the end of the war, in 1865, Confederate States Army General Nathan Bedford Forrest stayed in the house to rest. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 15, 1980.
# Elizabeth Nelson Adams

Elizabeth Nelson Adams (January 22, 1941 – March 2, 2020) was an American visual artist, poet, writer, arts commissioner, and film casting director, born in Columbia, South Carolina.

## Biography

A recipient of a scholarship from The National Merit Scholarship Program, Adams went to The University of South Carolina where she earned her AB degree in 1961. She later earned her Masters in English (1987) and her PhD in creative writing (1989) from The University of South Carolina. She was married to Ambassador Weston Adams (diplomat), and they have four children.
From 1995 to 2000, Adams served on the South Carolina Arts Commission. She served on the Board of Directors of The South Carolina Governor's School for the Arts & Humanities.

## Writer and artist

A prolific poet and writer, Adams is the author of Gathering the Rain (1990), and Five Malawian Writers: An Essay in Personal Exploration (1987).
A successful painter, Adams had shows throughout South Carolina, in Los Angeles, Palm Beach, Nantucket, and Lilongwe, Malawi, Africa. In 2007 and 2009, she had art shows in Los Angeles to raise money for Tippi Hedren’s Shambala Preserve. Shambala is a nonprofit organization founded by Hedren in 1983, which cares for endangered exotic big cats such as African lions, Siberian tigers, Bengal tigers, leopards and other big cats.
Between 1984 and 1986, Adams spent her time painting and writing in Malawi, Africa. Her paintings captured the landscape and the people of the former British colony. During that period she wrote Five Malawian Writers: An Essay in Personal Exploration (1987). She studied the culture of Malawi, from Lilongwe, to the northern Nyika Plateau, to Lake Malawi, and to the southern Zomba Plateau. Her extensive travels through Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and other African countries are reflected in her body of work.
Lithography became a passion of hers in the 1990s, which can be seen in her series of Italian lithographs. She traveled extensively through Italy, from Tuscany to Lake Como, and captured the architecture, landscapes, and people of the country in her paintings, lithographs, sculpture, and poetry.
Adams's art has also been shown at the Piccolo Spoleto Festival, part of The Spoleto Festival USA in Charleston, South Carolina. Adams's poetry has been published in numerous poetry books and reviews across the United States, including From The Green Horseshoe (1987) and others.

## Film work

Adams was instrumental in the development and production of the feature film The Last Confederate: The Story of Robert Adams from Solar Filmworks and ThinkFilm (2007). With her knowledge of the history and nuances of southern culture, Adams impacted the telling of the story in the script phase, the casting, and the production design of the film. She was the casting director for the movie, bringing in such talent as Tippi Hedren, who played Grandmother Adams in the film and Edwin McCain, who played Belcher in the film. Adams also acted in the role of Madame Bonneau.
# Bagayevsky

Bagayevsky (masculine), Bagayevskaya (feminine), or Bagayevskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Bagayevsky District, a district of Rostov Oblast, Russia
* Bagayevskaya, a rural locality (a stanitsa) in Rostov Oblast, Russia
# Elongation factor

Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first to the last peptide bond of a growing polypeptide. Most common elongation factors in prokaryotes are EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G. Bacteria and eukaryotes use elongation factors that are largely homologous to each other, but with distinct structures and different research nomenclatures.
Elongation is the most rapid step in translation. In bacteria, it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second). In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second). Elongation factors play a role in orchestrating the events of this process, and in ensuring the high accuracy translation at these speeds.

## Nomenclature of homologous EFs

Elongation factors :
| Bacterial | Eukaryotic/Archaeal | Function |
| EF-Tu | eEF-1A (α) | mediates the entry of the aminoacyl tRNA into a free site of the ribosome. |
| EF-Ts | eEF-1B (βγ) | serves as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for EF-Tu, catalyzing the release of GDP from EF-Tu. |
| EF-G | eEF-2 | catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of polypeptide elongation. Causes large conformation changes. |
| EF-P | eIF-5A | possibly stimulates formation of peptide bonds and resolves stalls. |
| EF-4 | (None) | Proofreading |
| Note that EIF5A, the archaeal and eukaryotic homolog to EF-P, was named as an initiation factor but now considered an elongation factor as well. |||
In addition to their cytoplasmic machinery, eukaryotic mitochondria and plastids have their own translation machinery, each with their own set of bacterial-type elongation factors. In humans, they include TUFM, TSFM, GFM1, GFM2, GUF1; the nominal release factor MTRFR may also play a role in elongation.
In bacteria, selenocysteinyl-tRNA requires a special elongation factor SelB (P14081) related to EF-Tu. A few homologs are also found in archaea, but the functions are unknown.

## As a target

Elongation factors are targets for the toxins of some pathogens. For instance, Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces diphtheria toxin, which alters protein function in the host by inactivating elongation factor (EF-2). This results in the pathology and symptoms associated with diphtheria. Likewise, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A inactivates EF-2.
# Baggage cart

Baggage carts, luggage carts, luggage trolleys or trolleys are small vehicles pushed by travelers (human-powered) to carry individual luggage, mostly suitcases. There are two major sizes: One for big luggage and one for small luggage. Carts have usually two parts for carrying luggage: A small section (basket) for carry on luggage at the same level as the handle, and a lowered large section for suitcases a small and large bags.
The carts are provided in airports, large bus stations, hotels, or train stations for transporting luggage and may be free of charge. They are sometimes owned by the operator of the establishment. In some facilities carts may be provided by a contractor such as Smarte Carte for a rental fee. Baggage carts are usually built out of steel and equipped with three or four wheels. For safety reasons, they are generally fitted with a brake. Usually, a handle has to be pushed down in order to move the cart, however, in some cases, such as London airports, the handle activates the brake. Very few carts, e.g. in developing countries such as Sri Lanka, do not have this feature.
Where a charge is made, this can be either a deposit, which is returned automatically when the cart is returned; or a rental fee can be charged.

## Parts

In airports, boarding baggage cart parts are:
* Brake and tow arm latch
* Brake assembly
* Bumpers
* Curtains
* Hand holds
* Pintle hook
* Tongue

## Baggage tugs

A baggage tug is a small tractor, sometimes an electric vehicle, used by the airline industry to tow baggage carts to and from the terminal/cargo facility and the aircraft.
# Sandipan Thorat

Sandipan Bhagwan Thorat (6 December 1932 – 31 March 2023) was an Indian National Congress politician who was elected to the Lower House of Indian Parliament the Lok Sabha from Pandharpur, Maharashtra in 1977, 1980, 1984, 1989, 1991, 1996 and 1998.
# Bad Habit (album)

Bad Habit is the second studio album recorded by Canadian singer and songwriter Alee and first to be distributed by a record label. It was released April 21, 2017 through Wax Records and Universal Music Canada. The album includes the top 50 single, "When I Do", as well as three singles previously released from Alee's 2015 EP, Say Hello to Goodbye. Alee co-wrote all nine tracks.

## Singles

"Only the Strong Survive" was released as the lead single from both Bad Habit and Say Hello to Goodbye on October 14, 2014. It reached 32 on the Canada Country airplay chart.
A second single, "Moonshine", was released April 21, 2015. It received generally positive reviews from critics. The song became Alee's first top 20 hit on the Canadian country chart.
"Are You Alone" was initially released to radio August 1, 2016 as the fourth single from Say Hello to Goodbye; it also serves as the third single from Bad Habit.
"When I Do" was released January 27, 2017 as the record's fourth single. It is the album's first single not previously released on the preceding EP. The music video for "When I Do" premiered April 5, 2017 accompanying the announcement of the album's title and release date. The song entered the Canada Country chart at number 50 in April 2017.
The title track, "Bad Habit", was released June 16, 2017 as the fifth radio single.

## Chart performance
### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions |
| Year | Single | CAN Country |
| 2014 | "Only the Strong Survive" | 32 |
| 2015 | "Moonshine" | 20 |
| 2016 | "Are You Alone" | — |
| 2017 | "When I Do" | 46 |
| 2017 | "Bad Habit" | — |
| "—" denotes a recording that failed to chart. |||
# Bahhara Oulad Ayad

Bahhara Oulad Ayad is a small town and rural commune in Kénitra Province of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 27,488 people living in 3722 households.
# Samuel Hirszhorn

Samuel Hirszhorn (1876 – May 28, 1942) was a Jewish Polish writer, journalist, and politician.

## Life

Hirszhorn was born in 1876 in Slonim, the Grodno Governorate, Russia to a well-to-do family.
Hirszhorn moved to Warsaw when he was thirteen and received a commercial and religious education. He began his journalistic career with the progressive Polish press, contributing articles and poems that were both originals and translations from French and Russian. In 1903, with the rise of the Jewish national movement, he wrote the first brochure about Zionism in Polish called Co to jest syonizm? (What is Zionism?). He then became a frequent contributor to the Polish Jewish press, including the weekly Głos Żydowski and the Kraków monthly Moriah. He explored Jewish-Polish relations and translated Yiddish poetry. During World War I, he contributed to the Varshever tageblat, a Yiddish daily that was sponsored by the German occupation authorities and espoused a Jewish nationalist–populist orientation. In 1916, he joined the administration of the Warsaw Jewish Writers and Journalists Association and the staff of the Warsaw Yiddish daily Der moment. He regularly committed to the latter paper for over two decades.
In 1916, Hirszhorn was a founder of the Folkspartei in Poland and was elected to the Warsaw municipal council under that party. In the 1919 election, he was elected a delegate of the Legislative Sejm. He contributed to various Jewish periodicals in both Polish and Yiddish. His translations of Jewish poetry included an anthology of Hayim Nahman Bialik's poems in 1917 and a collection of poems by 60 Jewish poems called Anthologia Poezji Żydowskiej in 1921. Among his best-known literary works was The History of Jews in Poland from the Four-year Sejm until the World War, 1788-1914, which was published in 1923 in Polish and was later translated into Yiddish.
Hirszhorn was in the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II. He kept a diary in the Ghetto that was lost. He committed suicide with poison during an Aktion on May 28, 1942.
# Samuel Hoadly

Samuel Hoadly (1643–1705), was a schoolmaster and writer of educational books. His Natural Method of Teaching was the most popular school manual of its time, remaining in print for almost a century.

## Life

Hoadly was born 30 September 1643 at Guildford, New England, whither his parents had fled at the outbreak of the great rebellion. In 1655 his parents returned to Great Britain and settled in Edinburgh, where Samuel was educated, matriculating in 1659 in the university. In 1662 his parents removed to Rolvenden in Kent. Next year Samuel became an assistant-master in the Cranbrook free school. He was in holy orders, but never held any benefice. Hoadly established a private school at Westerham in 1671, whence in 1678 he removed to Tottenham High Cross. In 1686 he removed to Brook House, Hackney. He was appointed in 1700 head-master of Norwich School, an appointment which he held till his death on 17 April 1705. He was twice married; first in 1666 to Mary Wood, who died in childbirth in 1668; secondly, in 1669, to Martha, daughter of a priest called Pickering. By his second wife he had a large family of nine children, among whom were Benjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Winchester, and John Hoadly, Archbishop of Armagh.
Hoadly's Natural Method of Teaching, being the Accidence in Questions and Answers &c., a kind of English and Latin grammar combined (1683), was the most popular school manual of the age, and before 1773 reached its eleventh edition. In 1700 he published a school edition of Phædrus and the Maxims of Publius Syrus. He had some correspondence with Grævius, in which occur notices of Bentley's projected edition of 'Hesychius' and of the controversy upon the Phalaris question. It was probably owing to the recommendation of Grævius that several young foreign scholars became boarders in Hoadly's house in order to learn English.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Hoadly, Samuel". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
# San José de Quero District

San José de Quero District is one of fifteen districts of the Concepción Province in Peru.
One of the highest peaks of the district is Kawituyuq at 4,803 m (15,758 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Challwayuq
* Kunkan Punta
* Liwinayuq
* Marayniyuq
* Pachaqniyuq
* Pinqulluyuq Punta
* Qutu Qutu
* Q'ala Chuku
* Uma Pukyu
* Uqsha Ruruna
* Waman Chuku
* Yana Ulu
# GDF5

Growth/differentiation factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF5 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Mutations in this gene are associated with acromesomelic dysplasia, Hunter-Thompson type; brachydactyly, type C; and osteochondrodysplasia, Grebe type. These associations confirm that the gene product plays a role in skeletal development.
GDF5 is expressed in the developing central nervous system, and has a role in skeletal and joint development. It also increases the survival of neurones that respond to the neurotransmitter dopamine, and is a potential therapeutic molecule associated with Parkinson's disease.