OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-713

German submarine U-713 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 21 October 1941 at the H. C. Stülcken Sohn yard at Hamburg, launched on 24 September 1942, and commissioned on 29 December 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Henri Gosejacob.
Attached to 8th U-boat Flotilla based at Danzig, U-713 completed her training period on 30 June 1943 and was assigned to front-line service.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-713 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-713 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history
### Fate

U-713 was missing since 24 February 1944 in the Norwegian Sea north-west of Narvik.

### Previously recorded fate

While operating against convoy JW 57 on 24 February 1944, U-713 was spotted by a Swordfish from HMS Chaser. The destroyer HMS Keppel was directed towards the U-boat and attacked with depth charges, sinking U-713 in position 69°27′N 4°53′E﻿ / ﻿69.450°N 4.883°E﻿ / 69.450; 4.883.
# Swimming at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metre backstroke

The women's 200 metre backstroke event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held on 8 April at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Commonwealth and Games records were as follows:
| World record | Missy Franklin (USA) | 2:04.06 | London, United Kingdom | 3 August 2012 |
| Commonwealth record | Emily Seebohm (AUS) | 2:05.68 | Budapest, Hungary | 29 July 2017 |
| Games record | Belinda Hocking (AUS) | 2:07.24 | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 27 July 2014 |
The following records were established during the competition:
| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| 8 April | Final | Kylie Masse | Canada | 2:05.98 | GR |

## Results
### Heats

The heats were held at 10:31.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Kylie Masse | Canada | 2:09.12 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | 5 | Hilary Caldwell | Canada | 2:10.27 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | 4 | Kaylee McKeown | Australia | 2:10.45 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | 3 | Jessica Fullalove | England | 2:11.51 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | 4 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 2:11.68 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 3 | Elizabeth Simmonds | England | 2:12.12 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 5 | Taylor Ruck | Canada | 2:12.62 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | 5 | Hayley Baker | Australia | 2:12.71 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 3 | Chloe Golding | England | 2:13.05 | |
| 10 | 2 | 6 | Mariella Venter | South Africa | 2:14.82 | |
| 11 | 1 | 6 | Nathania van Niekerk | South Africa | 2:16.07 | |
| 12 | 2 | 2 | Gemma Atherley | Jersey | 2:16.89 | |
| 13 | 3 | 2 | Bobbi Gichard | New Zealand | 2:17.88 | |
| 14 | 3 | 7 | Aaliyah Palestrini | Seychelles | 2:27.48 | |
| 15 | 1 | 2 | Lauren Hew | Cayman Islands | 2:27.88 | |
| 16 | 2 | 7 | Therese Soukup | Seychelles | 2:36.95 | |
| | 3 | 6 | Kathryn Greenslade | Wales | DNS | |

### Final

The final was held at 19:37.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |
| | 4 | Kylie Masse | Canada | 2:05.98 | GR |
| | 1 | Taylor Ruck | Canada | 2:06.42 | |
| | 2 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 2:06.82 | |
| 4 | 3 | Kaylee McKeown | Australia | 2:07.86 | |
| 5 | 5 | Hilary Caldwell | Canada | 2:09.22 | |
| 6 | 8 | Hayley Baker | Australia | 2:11.28 | |
| 7 | 6 | Jessica Fullalove | England | 2:11.74 | |
| 8 | 7 | Elizabeth Simmonds | England | 2:12.40 | |
# St. Paul Freezers

The St. Paul Freezers were a minor league baseball team based in St. Paul, Minnesota. In 1886, the "Freezers" played as members of the Independent level Northwestern League, placing fourth in the six-team league. The St. Paul Freezers hosted minor league home games at the West Seventh Street Park. The team became known as the "Freezers" after a cold spring forced early season games to be postponed.

## History

Organized baseball in St. Paul was reported in local newspapers as early as 1859. Minor league baseball in St. Paul began in 1877, when the St. Paul "Red Caps" joined the League Alliance, which organized numerous teams under some common opponents. The 1884 St. Paul Apostles of the Northwestern League preceded the St. Paul Freezers in minor league play.
The St. Paul "Freezers" nickname was given to the team by local reporters after cold spring temperatures in 1886 caused the cancellation of some St. Paul games.
In 1886, the St. Paul "Freezers" began play as members of the six-team Independent level Northwestern League, which had reformed after not playing in 1885. The Duluth Jayhawks, Eau Claire Lumbermen, Milwaukee Brewers, Minneapolis Millers and Oshkosh teams joined St. Paul in beginning league play on May 6, 1886.
Playing the season under manager John Barnes, the Freezers ended the 1886 season in fourth place. With a record of 37–43, the Freezers finished 9.5 games behind the champion Duluth Jayhawks when the Northwestern League season schedule ended on September 30, 1886. The league held no playoffs.
Overall, the St, Paul Freezers finished behind Duluth (46–33), Eau Claire (43–36), Oshkosh (39–39) and ahead of the Minneapolis Millers (36–26) and Milwaukee Brewers in the 1886 Northwestern League final standings.
In 1887, the team was renamed and the St. Paul Saints continued play under returning manager John Barnes, with the franchise remaining as members of the Northwestern League. The "Saints" is a nickname that has remained in use in the over one century of play since.
Today, the St. Paul Saints continue minor league play as the Class AAA level affiliate of the Minnesota Twins in the International League.

## The ballpark

The 1886 St. Paul Freezers hosted minor league home games at the new West Seventh Street Park, also called the "St. Paul Grounds." The St. Paul Apostles had played at a nearby ballpark of the same name the previous two seasons. The relocated ballpark was located on Jefferson Street between Toronto Avenue & Warsaw Street, near West 7th Street. Nearby was the Short Line railroad tracks. Today, the St. Clair Playground park is across from the former ballpark site.

## Year–by–year record

| Year | Record | Finish | Manager | Playoffs/Notes |
| 1886 | 37–43 | 4th | John Barnes | No playoffs held |

## Notable alumni

* John Barnes (1886, MGR)
* Elmer Cleveland (1886)
* Billy Colgan (1886)
* Hugh Daily (1886)
* Jesse Duryea (1886)
* Pete McShannic (1886)
* Billy O'Brien (1886)
* Harry Sage (1886)
* Jim Tray (1886)
* Walt Wilmot (1886)
* St. Paul Freezers players
# Gerardo González Vernaza

Gerardo González Vernaza (April 13, 1929 – October 21, 2006) was a Panamanian politician from Veraguas Province. He served as Vice President of Panama and President of the National Assembly, serving in the latter post from 1997 to 1999.

## Political career

From 1975 to 1978, González Vernaza was the Vice President of Panama under Demetrio B. Lakas. In 1979, he helped found the Democratic Revolutionary Party of military ruler Omar Torrijos.
In December 1991, serving as the president of the PRD, he vigorously criticized the administration of president Guillermo Endara, stating that "in 24 months, Endara has lost his political and moral authority, demonstrating his incapability to lead Panama." He also opposed Endara's ultimately successful measures to abolish Panama's armed forces.
González Vernaza opposed the presence of US forces in Panama past the 1999 deadline for withdrawal set by the Torrijos-Carter Treaties for the handover of the Panama Canal. He campaigned in favor of a constitutional referendum that would have allowed President Ernesto Pérez Balladares, a fellow PRD member, to seek a second term in office, calling the measure's opponents "cockroaches and scorpions".
In 2004, González Vernaza was elected as a Panamanian representative to the Central American Parliament.

## Son's murder trial and acquittal

In July 1992, González Vernaza's son Pedro Miguel González Pinzón was accused of the murder of US Army Sgt. Zak Hernandez, who had been shot to death in his Humvee, and a warrant was issued for González Pinzón's arrest. According to a lawyer for the US Embassy, three witnesses stated he was present at the scene, while others saw him and two accomplices in the stolen car used in the shooting. The car was later found on a farm owned by his father. The US Federal Bureau of Investigation matched an AK-47 from the attacks was found on the farm as well, while Scotland Yard and the Panamanian police did not find the AK-47 to match the bullets from the shootings. Though an arrest warrant was issued for González Pinzón shortly after the murder, he evaded arrest for more than two years, reportedly spending part of this time in Cuba. In 1995, he surrendered directly to new President Ernesto Perez Balladares on live national television, accompanied by his father. González Vernaza stated that the unusual circumstances were needed "to avoid an attempt on the kid's life". He accused the previous Endara administration of "judicial terrorism" and stated that under the Perez Balladares administration, his son could receive a fair trial.
González Pinzón was acquitted by a Panamanian court in 1997, though he remained wanted in the US, where he had been indicted by a grand jury. He later followed in his father's footsteps, serving two terms in the National Assembly and becoming its president despite US protest in September 2007.

## Death

González Vernaza died on October 21, 2006, in Panama City of a disease.
# St. Saviour's Anglican Church (Orono, Ontario)

St. Saviour's Anglican Church Orono is an historic redbrick church building located on Mill Street in Orono, Ontario, Canada. It was built in 1869 by the Orono congregation of the Bible Christian Church in the Gothic Revival style of architecture.
In 1884 the Bible Christian Church merged with the Methodist Church of Canada and the building became redundant and was bought by the Anglican parish which became St. Saviour's.
St. Saviour's Anglican Church is still an active parish in the Trent Durham Episcopal Area of the Anglican Diocese of Toronto. Its current incumbent is the Rev. Augusto Núñez.
# Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell

Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell (born 11 November 1952 in Kapelln) is an Austrian economist who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2003 to 2011. She previously served as vice-governor of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank from 1998 to 2003. She has been a member of the Council of the University of Leoben.

## Career

From 1998 until 2003, Tumpel-Gugerell served as vice governor of Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank. During her time as member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, Tumpel-Gugerell was responsible for market operations, payment systems and market infrastructure as well as human resources, the budget, and organisation.
Currently, Tumpel-Gugerell is an Emeritus Consultant at the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO). From 2013 until 2014, she also served as chairperson of the European Commission's expert group on a debt redemption fund and eurobills; in 2014, she submitted the group's final report to President José Manuel Barroso and Vice-President Olli Rehn. In 2016, the board of the European Stability Mechanism appointed her to assess the financial assistance programmes to Greece, Portugal, Ireland and Cyprus by the ESM and its predecessor, the European Financial Stability Facility; the appointment was made by Jeroen Dijsselbloem, head of the Eurogroup and de facto chairman of the ESM board, in conjunction with Klaus Regling, managing director of the ESM. Tumpel-Gugerell presented her report in June 2017.
In 2018, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Christine Lagarde appointed Tumpel-Gugerell to the External Advisory Group on Surveillance, a group mandated to review the Fund's operational priorities through 2025.
Tumpel-Gugerell is aligned with the Social Democrats (SPÖ).

## Other activities
### Regulatory bodies

* Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA), Member of the Supervisory Board (2002-2003)
* Economic and Financial Committee, Member (1997-2003)

### Corporate boards

* AT&S, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2019)
* OMV, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2015)
* Commerzbank, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2012)
* Vienna Insurance Group, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2012)
* Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB), Member of the Supervisory Board (2011–2018)
* Finanzmarktbeteiligung Aktiengesellschaft des Bundes (FIMBAG), Member of the Supervisory Board (2011-2016)

### Non-profit organizations

* Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board (since 2012)
* International Women's Forum (IWF), Member of the Board of Directors
# Gerald Wells

Gerald Wells may refer to:
* Gerry Wells (1929–2014), British radio enthusiast and collector
* Gerald Wells (Royal Navy officer) (died 1943)
# St. Philip Neri's Church

St. Philip Neri's Church may refer to:

## Italy

* San Filippo Neri, Camerino
* San Filippo Neri, Castelfranco Piandiscò
* San Filippo Neri, Cingoli
* San Filippo Neri, Cortona
* San Filippo Neri, Genoa
* San Filippo Neri, Lodi
* San Filippo Neri, Macerata
* San Filippo Neri, Ragusa
* San Filippo Neri, Recanati
* San Filippo Neri in Via Giulia, Rome
* San Filippo Neri, Spoleto
* San Filippo Neri, Treia
* San Filippo Neri, Turin

## Mexico

* Querétaro Cathedral, also known as St. Philip Neri Cathedral, Santiago de Querétaro

## United Kingdom

* Saint Philip Neri Church, Liverpool
* St Philip Neri Church, Mansfield

## United States

* St. Philip Neri Parish Historic District, Indianapolis, Indiana
* St. Philip Neri's Church (Bronx), New York

## Venezuela

* St. Philip Neri Cathedral, Los Teques
# Sydney Waterlow (diplomat)

Sir Sydney Philip Perigal Waterlow KCMG CBE (22 October 1878, New Barnet – 4 December 1944, Oare, Wiltshire) was a British diplomat, serving as British Minister to Thailand, Ethiopia and Bulgaria before he ended as Ambassador to Greece from 1933 to 1939.

## Life

Sydney Waterlow was the eldest son of George Sydney Waterlow – the fourth son of Sir Sydney Waterlow, 1st Baronet – and Charlotte Elizabeth Beauchamp. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he gained a first class in the Classics Tripos (B.A. 1900, M.A. 1905).
Waterlow joined the Diplomatic Service in 1900. From 1900 to 1901 he served in the Eastern Department of the Foreign Office. He was an Attaché in Washington in 1901, was appointed Third Secretary in December 1902, and served as such in Washington from 1902 to 1905. Resigning from the Foreign Office, Waterlow become a University extension lecturer until the outbreak of World War I, when he returned to the FO. He rose to be Acting First Secretary in 1919, and participated in the Paris Peace Conference. From 1922 to 1924 he was Director of the Foreign division of the Department of Overseas Trade, and from 1924 to 1926 he was a Counsellor in the Foreign Office. He was Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Bangkok from 1924 to 1926, in Addis from 1928 to 1929, in Sofia from 1929 to 1933, and in Athens from 1933 to 1939.
Waterlow was also an author, editor and translator of several literary and classical works. In 1920 he was appointed as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire and in 1935 appointed as a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Waterlow was also appointed to the Legion of Honour. He died 4 December 1944 at Oare near Marlborough.

## Family

Waterlow married twice. His first wedding was at St Marylebone Parish Church in London on 19 November 1902 to Alice Isabella Pollock (1876–1953), the only daughter of Sir Frederick Pollock, 3rd Baronet. The marriage was annulled in 1912. In 1911, he proposed unsuccessfully to Virginia Woolf. In 1913 he remarried, to Helen Margery Eckhard, a daughter of Gustav Eckhard of Didsbury. There were three children from the second marriage.

## Works

* Shelley, 1900
* (tr. and ed.) The Medea & Hippolytus of Euripides, 1906
* (ed.) In praise of Cambridge, an anthology in prose and verse, 1912
* (tr. with Desmond MacCarthy) The Death of a Nobody, by Jules Romains, 1913
* (ed. with Cora May Williams) The analysis of sensations, and the relation of the physical to the psychical by Ernst Mach, 1914
* Memories of Henry James, 1926
# Syllepte mildredalis

Syllepte mildredalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1927. It is found in the Philippines (Luzon).
# Ghanem Ghubash

Ghanem Ghubash is an Emirati film producer in the United Arab Emirates. He is the creator and producer of the first Emirati science-fiction film in the Arab world called Aerials, and the producer of the Emirati post-apocalyptic science-fiction film The Sons of Two Suns.

## Early life and career

Ghanem Ghubash is the son of journalist, Dr.Mohammad Obaid Ghubash, who was also the chairman of the UAE's chess federation. Ghanem Ghubash was named after his uncle, Ghanem Obaid Ghubash, who was the president of UAE's Football Association in the 1970s, and was considered among the leading intellectuals of United Arab Emirates.
Ghanem studied film-making at UCSD before starting his career as a film producer in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He founded the company Fat Brothers Films with his childhood friend, and UAE based film director S. A. Zaidi. The company was named after them, since they were frequently referred to as the Fat Brothers, or dynamic duo.

## Filmography

* 2013 - The Sons of Two Suns (producer)
* 2016 - Aerials (producer)
# St Annes Monastic House

St Annes Monastic House is an Orthodox monastic house in North Yorkshire, England. The house is from modern times, being founded in 1995 and is located north east of York Minster.
# St Anne's Park railway station

St Anne's Park railway station was a railway station in Bristol, England, on the Great Western Main Line to London. It opened on 23 May 1898, and closed on 5 January 1970.
Recent proposals have been made for the station to reopen as part of the MetroWest project to improve rail transport in the Greater Bristol area. In November 2020, the government announced further funding to investigate reopening the station.

## Accidents and incidents

* On 11 January 1966, an express passenger train ran into the rear of another at St Anne's Park due to a signalman's error. A locomotive was then in a sidelong collision with the wreckage. Nineteen passengers were injured. Diesel-hydraulic locomotive D1071 Western Druid was severely damaged; D 864 Zambesi was slightly damaged.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Bristol Temple Meads | | Great Western Railway Great Western Main Line | | Keynsham |
vteRailways in the Bristol area :
Legend :
# Alexei Karev

Alexei Eremeevich Karev (1879, Shilovka – 1942, Leningrad) was a Russian painter and graphic artist.
Karev studied icon-painting studio under Fyodor Korneyev in Saratov in 1896 and then until 1898 he attended the Alexei Bogolyubov School of Drawing there, before moving to Penza where he studied under Konstantin Savitsky at the Nikolai Seliverstov School of Art. In 1901 he moved to Kiev where he studied for two years at the Kiev Private School of Art. In 1903 he then moved to St Petersburg and attended the Free Studio of Art.
He was influenced by the French Symbolists and Post-Impressionists. He is noted for his cityscapes of Petrograd/Leningrad from the late 1910s to the 1930s.
He became a member of the Mir Iskusstva (World of Art group) in 1917 and in 1918 was appointed Commissar of the Petrograd State Free Art Studios. He was also appointed to the board of worked for IZO-Narkompros (1918–19).
Alongside Nathan Altman and Aleksandr Matveyev he was on the Commission of the Museum of Artistic Culture which in December 1918 set out to draw up a list of 143 painters whose work they wished to acquire for the museum. The list was published in Iskusstvo kommuny, and the museum was opened on 3 April 1921.
He was responsible for transforming the existing schools of art into Svomas, state free art studios, in Penza (1919) and Saratov (1920–21) (where he also taught), and the Central School of Technical Drawing (1921–22).
From 1922 until 1941 he taught at Vkhutein (Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture of the All-Russian Academy of Arts), being appointed professor in 1940.
In 1942 he died of starvation during the Siege of Leningrad.

## Gallery

* (1921)
* (1922)
# Necklaced barbet

The necklaced barbet (Psilopogon auricularis) is an Asian barbet species occurring in Laos and southern Vietnam, where it inhabits subtropical, lowland tropical moist forests and montane forests up to an altitude of 2,700 m (8,900 ft).
Cyanops franklinii auricularis was the scientific name proposed by Herbert C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss in 1919 for a barbet collected at the Langbian Plateau in southern Vietnam.
# Rivadavia Department

Rivadavia Department may refer to several departments in Argentina:
* Rivadavia Department, Buenos Aires
* Rivadavia Department, Mendoza
* Rivadavia Department, Salta
* Rivadavia Department, San Juan
* Rivadavia Department, Santiago del Estero
# Senna atomaria

Senna atomaria, the flor de San Jose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia, and Venezuela. A shrub or small tree, it is considered a multi-purpose species; fuel, wood, biomass, soil improvement, medicine, and ornament.
# Benner & Benner

Benner & Benner is a Finnish legal drama television series set in Helsinki. It first aired on the Finnish MTV3 channel on 15 October 2001 and last aired in 2002, after 18 episodes of 45 minutes.
The series was written by Kirsti and Katri Manninen.
The lead actress Milka Ahlroth played Silja Benner, a strict lawyer who balances managing her decaying marriage and various legal cases. The program also had a supernatural side: Rafael Mustavuori, the law office cleaner played by Kristo Salminen, fell in love with Silja during the series and later turned out to be an angel. The program garnered both praise and criticism.
In 2002, Benner & Benner received an honourable mention for the fiction series at the television and radio education fund Koura's award ceremony.
# Senator Carlson (disambiguation)

Frank Carlson (1893–1987) was a U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1950 to 1969. Senator Carlson may also refer to:
* Don Carlson (politician) (born 1938), Washington State Senate
* Jim Carlson (Minnesota politician) (born 1947), Minnesota State Senate
* John Carlson (Minnesota politician) (born 1953), Minnesota State Senate
* Martin R. Carlson (1877–1971), Illinois State Senate
* Tom Carlson (born 1941), Nebraska State Senate