OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-641

German submarine U-641 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 19 November 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 617, launched on 6 August 1942 and commissioned on 24 September 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Horst Rendtel.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-641 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-641 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's short service career began on 24 September 1942 for training with 5th U-boat Flotilla, followed by active service on 1 March 1943 as part of the 7th U-boat Flotilla. It ended ten months later when she was sunk in the North Atlantic.
In four patrols she sank no ships.

### Wolfpacks

U-641 took part in thirteen wolfpacks, namely:
* Neuland (4 – 6 March 1943)
* Ostmark (6 – 11 March 1943)
* Stürmer (11 – 20 March 1943)
* Seewolf (21 – 30 March 1943)
* Mosel (19 – 24 May 1943)
* Trutz (1 – 16 June 1943)
* Trutz 2 (16 – 29 June 1943)
* Geier 1 (30 June – 14 July 1943)
* Leuthen (15 – 24 September 1943)
* Rossbach (24 September – 9 October 1943)
* Borkum (18 December 1943 – 3 January 1944)
* Borkum 2 (3 – 13 January 1944)
* Rügen (13 – 19 January 1944)

### Fate

U-641 was sunk on 19 January 1944 in the North Atlantic in position 50°25′N 18°49′W﻿ / ﻿50.417°N 18.817°W﻿ / 50.417; -18.817; depth charged by Royal Navy corvette HMS Violet. There were no survivors.
# Hanriot HD.8

The Hanriot HD.8 was a short-lived French fighter prototype of the 1910s.

## Development

A single-seat fighter, it was largely designed to test the experimental Le Rhône 9R engine. It first flew in early 1918, however was plagued by problems from the start, mainly due to its powerplant. As a result, it was never submitted for official testing. The data below are based on Hanriot estimates.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in)
* Wingspan: 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 25.00 m$^2$ (269.1 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 480 kg (1,058 lb)
* Gross weight: 690 kg (1,521 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Le Rhône 9R nine-cylinder air-cooled rotary engine , 134 kW (180 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 200 km/h (124 mph, 108 kn)
* Endurance: 2 hours 0 minutes
# St Helen's Church, Etwall

St Helen's Church, Etwall is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Etwall, Derbyshire.

## History

The church dates from the 12th century with elements from the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.
The church was restored between 1881 and 1882 by Frederick Josias Robinson of Derby. The plastered ceiling was taken down. The stone walls and columns were stripped of their plaster. The chancel arch was cut through, and the square pews were replaced with open pitch pine seating. Minton tiles were laid throughout and central heating installed. A new pulpit was provided by C.E. Newton of Mickleover Manor. It was made by Walker and Slater of Derby with alabaster slabs found in the floor of the church, with columns and medallions of red royal marble. The contractor for the general work was Robert Young of Lincoln.
It reopened on 2 February 1882

## Organ

The organ was by W Hawkins of Walsall Wood and installed in 1976. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. It was replaced by an electronic in 1990. A brand new 3 manual organ made by Viscount was installed in January 2018.

## Parish status

The church is in a joint parish with:
* St Wilfrid's Church, Egginton
# John Firth (folklorist)

John Firth (1838–1922) was a Scottish folklorist. He was born in Redland on Mainland, Orkney. He worked as a joiner and wheelwright and had a workshop in the village of Finstown, in the parish of Firth. He wrote Reminiscences of an Orkney Parish.
# HD 194244

HD 194244 is a variable Be star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. With an apparent magnitude of 6.14, according to the Bortle scale it is faintly visible to the naked eye from rural skies on a dark night.
# Stephen Sloan

Stephen Sloan (born June 24, 1936) is an American political scientist known for studying terrorism and political violence.

## Biography

Sloan received his B.A. from Washington Square College at New York University, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in comparative politics from New York University. He was formerly the Lawrence J. Chastang Distinguished Professor of Terrorism Studies at the University of Central Florida, where he remains a Distinguished Fellow of the Global Perspectives Office. Previously, he was a Professor and Presidential Professor at the University of Oklahoma for almost 40 years. At the University of Oklahoma, he taught the first university class on terrorism in the United States, and became the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Presidential Professor of Political Science before leaving the university's faculty in 2004. In 1999, he was a member of the steering committee that formed the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism. He is the author or co-author of 13 books including A Study in Political Violence: The Indonesian Experience, Simulating Terrorism, Red Teams and Counterterrorism Training with Robert J. Bunker and The Historical Dictionary of Terrorism of Terrorism with Sean K. Anderson. Dr. Sloan pioneered and conducted numerous simulations internationally for military and police forces as well as corporate security entities. He has also consulted on terrorism to the United States military and several United States government agencies.
# Guaianases

Guaianases may refer to:
* Subprefecture of Guaianases, São Paulo
* Guaianases (district of São Paulo)
* Guaianases station, São Paulo's Line 11 (CPTM)
# The Killing Jar

The Killing Jar may refer to;
* "The Killing Jar" (song), a song by Siouxsie & the Banshees
* The Killing Jar (novel), a novel by Nicola Monaghan
* The Killing Jar, a novel by David Docherty
* The Killing Jar (film), a 2010 thriller directed by Mark Young
* Killing jar, a device used by entomologists to kill captured insects
# Sacred Heart Township, Renville County, Minnesota

Sacred Heart Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 277 at the 2000 census.

## History

Sacred Heart Township was organized in 1869.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 51.5 square miles (133.4 km$^2$), of which 51.5 square miles (133.4 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km$^2$) (0.06%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 277 people, 104 households, and 76 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.4 people per square mile (2.1/km$^2$). There were 122 housing units at an average density of 2.4/sq mi (0.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.28% White, 0.72% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.53% of the population.
There were 104 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.2% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the township, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $44,375, and the median income for a family was $49,375. Males had a median income of $30,250 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,963. About 9.2% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 6.4% of those sixty-five or over.
# German submarine U-63 (1939)

German submarine U-63 was a Type IIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that served in the Second World War. She was built by Deutsche Werke AG, Kiel. Ordered on 21 July 1937, she was laid down on 2 January 1939 as yard number 262. She was launched on 6 December 1939 and commissioned on 18 January 1940 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Günther Lorentz.
U-63 was initially assigned to the 1st U-boat Flotilla during her training period, until 1 February 1940. She stayed with that organization until her sinking.

## Design

German Type IIC submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-63 had a displacement of 291 tonnes (286 long tons) when at the surface and 341 tonnes (336 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (250 t), however. The U-boat had a total length of 43.90 m (144 ft 0 in), a pressure hull length of 29.60 m (97 ft 1 in), a beam of 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in), a height of 8.40 m (27 ft 7 in), and a draught of 3.82 m (12 ft 6 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 410 metric horsepower (300 kW; 400 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 35–42 nautical miles (65–78 km; 40–48 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 3,800 nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-63 was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of 25.

## Patrol

U-63 left the German island of Helgoland (also known as 'Heligoland'), on 17 February 1940. She, along with five other U-boats, took part in Operation Nordmark, a reconnaissance mission for the German Battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and Cruiser Admiral Hipper (for what proved to be an unsuccessful sortie). It took place in the vicinity of the Orkney and Shetland Islands between 18 and 20 February.
The boat sank the Santos off Kirkwall, Orkney, on 24 February 1940.

## Fate

U-63 was sunk on 25 February 1940 by a mix of depth charges and torpedoes from the British warships HMS Escort, HMS Inglefield and HMS Imogen and the submarine HMS Narwhal south of Shetland. The approximate location of the wreck site is 58°40′N 00°10′W﻿ / ﻿58.667°N 0.167°W﻿ / 58.667; -0.167.
One man died, there were 24 survivors. Those who survived spent the remainder of the war as POWs.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) | Fate |
| 24 February 1940 | Santos | Sweden | 3,840 | Sunk |
# St. Philip's Seminary

Saint Philip's Seminary is an apostolate of the Toronto Oratory, a Catholic society of apostolic life. It has been authorized to grant degrees by the province of Ontario. It accepts students for the priesthood who are sponsored by their diocese or by their religious order.

## History

The Philosophy Division of Saint Philip's Seminary was founded in 1986, Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter requested Fr. Jonathan Robinson, C.O. to provide a place for the philosophical preparation of seminarians for the Archdiocese of Toronto, especially those in residence at Serra House, the archdiocesan house of discernment. In the fall of 1988, a residential program providing intellectual training, spiritual and personal formation was made available to seminarians from Dioceses and Religious Communities. In 2007, a three-year course of studies with an expanded set of degrees was provided at the request of the Archdiocese of Toronto and St. Augustine's Seminary. The Congregation for Education in January 2011 instituted the three-year course of philosophical studies as the norm for seminarians. From its beginning, St. Philip's Seminary was staffed by the Oratorians from the next door Toronto Oratory; they continues to operate the seminary.

## Principles

* Seminarians need a program of philosophy of a high intellectual calibre, explicitly directed towards the subsequent study of theology;
* Seminarians need a program of formation focussing upon the development of a clear understanding of and a deep love for the priestly vocation.

## Status

The seminary has trained men for Roman Catholic priesthood and provided continuing education courses for adults in matters relating to the Roman Catholic faith since its inception. However, the Ontario legislature officially recognized the seminary as a degree-granting institution through the passage "An Act respecting The Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, 1990".

## Academic programs

* Bachelor of Catholic Thought (2 years)
* Bachelor of Thomistic Thought (3 or 4 years)
* Master of Theology (3 years)
# Pararhopaloscelides

Pararhopaloscelides is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, which contains the single species Pararhopaloscelides sericeipennis. It was described by Breuning in 1947.
# HD 195019

HD 195019 is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Delphinus. The brighter star has a close orbiting exoplanet companion. This system is located at a distance of 122 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −91.3 km/s. Although it has an absolute magnitude of 4.01, at that distance the system is considered too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.87. However, it should be readily visible with a pair of binoculars or a small telescope.
The spectrum of the primary member, designated component A, presents as a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G1V. An older stellar classification of G3 V/IV suggested it may be near the end of its main sequence lifespan and is evolving into a subgiant star. This is an older star with an estimated age of nearly 8 billion years and a low level of magnetic activity in its chromosphere. The abundance of iron is near solar. The star has a mass similar to the Sun but a larger radius. It is radiating 2.23 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,825 K.
The co-moving companion, component B, was first reported by G. W. Hough in 1881. As of 2016, it is located at an angular separation of 3.40″ along a position angle of 334° relative to the primary. This corresponds to a projected separation of 131 AU. This is a K-type star with 70% of the mass of the Sun and is magnitude 10.60.

## Planetary system

In 1998, a planet was discovered at Lick Observatory utilizing a radial velocity method, orbiting around Star HD 195019 A. A search of astrometric observations from Hipparcos suggested this may be a stellar object in a near polar orbit. However, interferometric observations ruled out a stellar companion in this orbit with high likelihood.
The HD 195019 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | >3.69 ± 0.30 M$_J$ | 0.1388 ± 0.0080 | 18.20132 ± 0.00039 | 0.0138 ± 0.0044 | — | — |
# Adetus stellatus

Adetus stellatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2008.
# Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester

Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester, often abbreviated Fura-2AM, is a membrane-permeant derivative of the ratiometric calcium indicator Fura-2 used in biochemistry to measure cellular calcium concentrations by fluorescence. When added to cells, Fura-2AM crosses cell membranes and once inside the cell, the acetoxymethyl groups are removed by cellular esterases. Removal of the acetoxymethyl esters regenerates "Fura-2", the pentacarboxylate calcium indicator. Measurement of Ca$^{2+}$-induced fluorescence at both 340 nm and 380 nm allows for calculation of calcium concentrations based 340/380 ratios. The use of the ratio automatically cancels out certain variables such as local differences in fura-2 concentration or cell thickness that would otherwise lead to artifacts when attempting to image calcium concentrations in cells.
# Tom Fletcher Mayson

Tom Fletcher Mayson VC (3 November 1893 – 21 February 1958) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was awarded the VC for actions during the Battle of Pilckem Ridge of the Battle of Passchendaele.

## Details

He was 23 years old, and a Lance-Sergeant in the 1/4th Battalion, The King's Own (Royal Lancaster) Regiment (part of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 31 July 1917 at Pilckem Ridge, Wieltje Salient, Belgium, when his platoon was held up by machine-gun fire, Lance-Sergeant Mayson, without waiting for orders, at once made for the gun which he put out of action with bombs, wounding four of the team; the remaining three of the team fled, pursued by Lance-Sergeant Mayson to a dug-out where he killed them. Later, when clearing up a strongpoint, this NCO again tackled a machine-gun single-handed, killing six of the team. Finally during an enemy counterattack he took charge of an isolated post and successfully held it until ordered to withdraw and his ammunition was exhausted.

## The Medal

His Victoria Cross was on loan to Whicham Church from where it was given to the Kings Own Royal Regimental Museum. in Lancaster, Lancashire
# The Killing House (novel)

The Killing House is a 1997 thriller novel. It is the final novel of the British writer Derek Lambert and features a plot set against the backdrop of the Northern Irish peace process.
# Saia Maior

Saia Maior also known as Saia Maggiore was a Roman era civitas of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis.
The ancient city is tentatively identified with ruins at Henchir-Simidia, Tunisia
The city was also the seat of an ancient bishopric, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Carthage. Only two documented bishops Saia Maggiore are known. The Catholic Donato intervened at the Council of Carthage (411), at that time the seat had no Donatist bishops.
Another bishop named Donato has lived at the time of Pope Leo I, and is mentioned in his letters. Today Saia Major survives as a titular bishopric and the current bishop is Antonio Bonifacio Reimann Panic.
# Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 200 metre individual medley SM11

The Men's 200 metre individual medley SM11 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 16 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Heats
### Heat 1

10:31 16 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Chenquan Lou | China | 2:34.66 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Bozun Yang | China | 2:35.11 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Tharon Drake | United States | 2:37.93 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | Oleksandr Mashchenko | Ukraine | 2:40.39 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Yunerki Ortega | Cuba | 2:48.98 | |

### Heat 2

10:37 16 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 4 | Israel Oliver | Spain | 2:27.67 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Viktor Smyrnov | Ukraine | 2:31.78 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Hryhory Zudzilau | Belarus | 2:34.53 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | Keiichi Kimura | Japan | 2:36.31 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Brayan Urbano Herrera | Colombia | 2:44.46 | |

## Final

18:51 16 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 4 | Israel Oliver | Spain | 2:24.11 |
| | 5 | Viktor Smyrnov | Ukraine | 2:26.57 |
| | 2 | Bozun Yang | China | 2:27.82 |
| 4 | 7 | Keiichi Kimura | Japan | 2:28.76 |
| 5 | 3 | Hryhory Zudzilau | Belarus | 2:30.72 |
| 6 | 6 | Chenquan Lou | China | 2:32.42 |
| 7 | 8 | Oleksandr Mashchenko | Ukraine | 2:33.76 |
| 8 | 1 | Tharon Drake | United States | 2:35.08 |
# Order-7 heptagonal tiling

Order-7 heptagonal tiling :
| Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane ||
| Type | Hyperbolic regular tiling |
| Vertex configuration | 7$^7$ |
| Schläfli symbol | {7,7} |
| Wythoff symbol | 7 | 7 2 |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Symmetry group | [7,7], (*772) |
| Dual | self dual |
| Properties | Vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive |
In geometry, the order-7 heptagonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {7,7}, constructed from seven heptagons around every vertex. As such, it is self-dual.

## Related tilings

Uniform heptaheptagonal tilings vte :
| Symmetry: [7,7], (*772) | Symmetry: [7,7], (*772) | Symmetry: [7,7], (*772) | Symmetry: [7,7], (*772) | Symmetry: [7,7], (*772) | Symmetry: [7,7], (*772) | Symmetry: [7,7], (*772) | [7,7]$^+$, (772) |
| {7,7} | t{7,7} | r{7,7} | 2t{7,7}=t{7,7} | 2r{7,7}={7,7} | rr{7,7} | tr{7,7} | sr{7,7} |
| Uniform duals ||||||||
| V7$^7$ | V7.14.14 | V7.7.7.7 | V7.14.14 | V7$^7$ | V4.7.4.7 | V4.14.14 | V3.3.7.3.7 |
This tiling is a part of regular series {n,7}:
Tiles of the form {n,7} :
| Spherical | Hyperbolic tilings vte | Hyperbolic tilings vte | Hyperbolic tilings vte | Hyperbolic tilings vte | Hyperbolic tilings vte | Hyperbolic tilings vte | Hyperbolic tilings vte | Hyperbolic tilings vte |
| {2,7} | {3,7} | {4,7} | {5,7} | {6,7} | {7,7} | {8,7} | ... | {∞,7} |