OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom

The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 is a book by Herbert G. Gutman that addresses the impact of slavery on black families. It is based on research that Gutman conducted over the course of the decade since the Moynihan Report, which revived the "tangle of pathology" thesis; the claim that black families in the US were incapable of functioning in a healthy way, a rationale previously rejected by critics as racist. The book draws on census data, diaries, family records, bills of sale and other records.
Gutman says that if slavery destroyed the family as white politician Daniel Patrick Moynihan claimed, then family structure statistics should have been worse closer to the time of slavery. He then lays out statistics showing that black families actually had higher legitimacy rates than whites for the first several decades after the end of the Civil War, along with comparable success in various other metrics.
Gutman concludes that black families, rather than having been irretrievably destroyed by slavery, showed great power and resilience, pulling together as slavery ended, with more two-parent households and couples who stayed together longer. He says that black families also remained intact during the first wave of migration to the North after the Civil War (although he remained open to arguments about black family collapse in the 1930s and 1940s). All the way through 1925, black families grew stronger and more successful, increasing in wealth.
# Silver City Raiders

Silver City Raiders is a 1943 American Western film directed by William Berke and written by Ed Earl Repp. The film stars Russell Hayden, Dub Taylor, Bob Wills, Alma Carroll, Paul Sutton and Jack Ingram. The film was released on November 4, 1943, by Columbia Pictures.

## Cast

* Russell Hayden as Lucky Harlan
* Dub Taylor as Cannonball
* Bob Wills as Bob Halliday
* Alma Carroll as Dolores Alvarez
* Paul Sutton as Bart Dawson
* Jack Ingram as Dirk
* Edmund Cobb as Ringo
* Art Mix as Slim
# Hiroyo Harada

Hiroyo Harada (原田 裕代, Harada Hiroyo, born 11 July 1970) is a Japanese former medley swimmer who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Rutela

Rutela is a genus of beetles from the family Scarabaeidae.

## Species

The genus includes the following species:
* Rutela formosa Burmeister, 1844
* Rutela lineola (Linnaeus, 1767)
# James Marshall (director)

James Marshall (born 1962) is a Canadian television producer and director, best known for his work on Smallville, Dead Like Me, The O.C. and Wednesday.

## Career

On the TV series Smallville, Marshall had an important role throughout the history of the show. When Greg Beeman stopped directing high-profile Smallville episodes (due to his commitment to Heroes), series creators Alfred Gough and Miles Millar began to look to Marshall, who first began directing on Smallville during the second half of the first season. After producing Smallville for many years, starting in season seven, Marshall became an executive producer on the show. With this position, Marshall began directing fewer episodes, and in season nine he directed zero episodes, returning to directing once in season 10.

## Filmography

| Television show | Notes |
| Viper | 8 episodes |
| The Sentinel | 4 epsisodes |
| Just Deal | Episode: "Incoming" |
| In a Heartbeat | Episode: "Hero" |
| The Famous Jett Jackson | 3 episodes |
| The Nightmare Room | Episodes: "Camp Nowhere" Parts I and II |
| Caitlin's Way | Episode: "Truant" |
| Charmed | Episode: "The Eyes Have It" |
| Birds of Prey | Episode: "Split" |
| Black Sash | Episode: "Pilot" |
| Dead Like Me | Episode: "Reaping Havoc" |
| Tarzan | Episode: "Emotional Rescue" |
| The O.C. | Episodes: "The Secret" and "The Strip" |
| North Shore | Episode: "Surprise Party" |
| Smallville | Director: 26 episodes; Producer: 149 episodes |
| Charlie's Angels | Episodes: "Bon Voyage", "Angels" and "Black Hat Angels" |
| Falling Skies | Episode: "Collateral Damage" |
| Shadowhunters | Episode: "Malec" |
| Supergirl | Episode: "Survivors" |
| Aftermath | Episodes: "A Clatter and a Chatter" and "Madame Sosostris" |
| The Shannara Chronicles | 6 episodes |
| Into the Badlands | Episodes: "Carry Tiger to Mountain" and "Black Wind Howls" |
| Wednesday | Episodes: "If You Don't Woe Me by Now" and "A Murder of Woes" |
# Odorrana chapaensis

Odorrana chapaensis (Vietnam sucker frog or Chapa torrent frog) is a species of frog in the family Ranidae that is found in southern Yunnan in China and in northern Vietnam. It is likely that it also occurs in nearby areas of Laos.
Odorrana chapaensis lives in or near swift-flowing streams at altitudes of 800–1,700 m (2,600–5,600 ft). In parts of its range it is threatened by habitat loss.
# Thandi Klaasen

Thandi Klaasen (born Thandiwe Nelly Mpambani, 27 September 1931 – 15 January 2017) was a jazz musician from Sophiatown, Gauteng. She was the mother of singer Lorraine Klaasen.

## Biography

Thandiwe Nelly Mpambani grew up in Sophiatown, the daughter of a shoemaker and a domestic worker. When she was a teenager, she was attacked with an acid bomb and her face was permanently scarred. Her career as a singer and dancer began in the mid-1950s.
Klaasen performed with Dolly Rathebe, Miriam Makeba, Dorothy Masuka, and others. She died from pancreatic cancer on 15 January 2017, aged 85, and was given a state funeral.

## Awards

Klaasen was awarded the Order of Ikhamanga in Gold (2006) for "excellent achievement in and contribution to the art of Music". In August 2013, as part of the Women's Month celebrations, Klaasen and four other icons of South African jazz - Abigail Kubeka, Dorothy Masuka, Sathima Bea Benjamin and Sylvia Mdunyelwa - were honoured by Standard Bank with lifetime achievement awards. Other awards she has received include the Woman of Distinction Award received in Canada (1999), and a lifetime achievement award at the 2006 South African Music Awards.
# Hiorth

Hiorth is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Hiorth (1816–1871), Norwegian merchant
* Adam Hiorth (barrister), Norwegian barrister
* Albert Hiorth, Norwegian engineer
* Åse Hiorth Lervik, Norwegian researcher
* Fredrik Hiorth, Norwegian engineer
* Otto Kristian Hiorth, Norwegian physician and politician
# Rutecarpine

Rutecarpine or rutaecarpine is a COX-2 inhibitor isolated from Tetradium ruticarpum, a tree native to China. It is classified as a non-basic alkaloid.
In contrast to synthetic COX-2 inhibitors like etoricoxib and celecoxib, rutecarpine does not appear to cause negative effects on the cardiovascular system.

## Metabolism

Microsome studies suggest that rutaecarpine may be at least a weak inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 enzymes. At the same time, it is believed to be a strong inducer of CYP1A2 and CYP1A1.
Rutecarpine metabolism is complex and proceeds along several routes, primarily involving the addition of a single hydroxyl group by CYP3A4. Six monohydroxylated and four dihydroxylated metabolites have been identified. To a much lesser extent, rutecarpine may be metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP1A2, according to liver microsome studies.

## Supplementation

Rutecarpine has been shown to decrease the overall bioavailability of caffeine in rats by up to 80 percent, likely through induction of enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.
# Superb jewelwing

The superb jewelwing (Calopteryx amata) is a species of damselfly in the family Calopterygidae. It is native to North America, where it is distributed in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States as far south as Tennessee.
The superb jewelwing is about 2 inches long. The male is bright metallic green with amber markings on its wings. The female is bronze-tinged with greenish wings tipped in white. The adult is active in June and July. Adults and nymphs eat smaller insects.
This species lives along clear rivers and streams with vegetation nearby. The males are territorial. This species may be found with dragonflies of the genus Ophiogomphus.
# Haiwei

Haiwei is the Pinyin romanisation of various Chinese given names (e.g. Chinese: 海威; pinyin: Hǎiwēi; or Chinese: 海偉; pinyin: Hǎiwěi). These names are written with various Chinese characters, and may have differences in tone, so neither their pronunciation nor their meaning is identical. People with these names include:
* Kaii Yoshida (born Song Haiwei 宋海伟, 1981), Chinese-born Japanese table tennis player
* Zhu Haiwei (朱海威; born 1991), Chinese footballer
* Chen Haiwei (陈海威; born 1994), Chinese competitive foil fencer
# Joe Frans (politician)

Joe Frans (born Kojo Frans in Takoradi, Ghana) is a Swedish politician of Ghanaian descent, social activist, board professional and former member of parliament.

## Career

Joe Frans came to Sweden to attend university. During his studies he met his wife and became involved with politics. Frans has a diploma in Communications and has been the producer of the TV-show Sweden Today. He has also been CEO of Sweden Now AB and Skandinavisk Video Teknik AB, companies trading TV-broadcast rights.
For many years he worked as a Senior Political Advisor to the Deputy Mayor of Stockholm and as Press Secretary to the Mayor of Stockholm. He then stepped into national political arena and served as a member of the Swedish Parliament 2002–2006. In the Parliament he served on Committee on Justice and European Union Committee. When the Social Democratic Party lost power in 2006, Frans lost his seat in Parliament.

## Current Appointments

Today has several public appointments. He is a member of the University of Stockholm board and the Swedish National Police Board.
Joe Frans is also the Chairperson of Forumsyd, the Social Democratic party in Vällingby district, Broderskapdistriktet (a Christian Socialdemocratoc organization) and Rinkeby folketshus.
Frans is the founder and CEO of Next Generation Africa and NGA Novum AB. He has also served as an Independent Expert for the United Nations Human Rights Council, Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent. Frans initiated the Swedish Martin Luther King Prize [sv] in 2005.
# North Albany Clubhouse

The North Albany Clubhouse stands by itself in rural Albany County, Wyoming. It was built in 1928 as a community meeting center by local residents. It continues to serve as a community social center. The clubhouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1998.
# The Bodysnatchers (novel)

The Bodysnatchers is an original novel written by Mark Morris and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

## Plot

The Doctor, Sam and an allied professor work together to stop alien bodysnatchers, grave-robbers and much worse plaguing London.

## Continuity

* The Zygons appear for the first time since the 1975 television serial Terror of the Zygons. They have also appeared in the Tenth Doctor novel Sting of the Zygons and the Big Finish audio play The Zygon Who Fell to Earth, which references the events of this novel. In 2013, The Zygons appeared in the Eleventh Doctor TV story The Day of the Doctor, to mark 50 years of Doctor Who.
* This story also reunited the Doctor with Professor George Litefoot from The Talons of Weng-Chiang.
* It is revealed in this story that Sam's room (given to her by the Doctor in the previous novel) is actually Nyssa's old room.
* Leela is mentioned, and implied to have children.
* When the Zygons destroy the Doctor's Sonic Screwdriver he comments on how long it took him to build another the last time, referencing the fifth Doctor story The Visitation where the Terileptils destroyed the original.
* The Zygons' home planet is named as Zygor.
* Tuval claims Zygor was destroyed when the Zygons enemies, the Xaranti caused a stellar explosion, probably by destroying its sun.
* The HADS (Hostile Action Displacement System) is mentioned.
* The State of Temporal Grace is mentioned as the Doctor has repaired it, preventing the Skarasen from acting aggressively.
* The way the Doctor changes the subject when asked about Sam in the epilogue implies that this occurs during the period they are separated between Longest Day and Seeing I; the latter novel also implies this.
* The Doctor is still searching for a copy of The Strand in the next novel, Genocide.
# St Anne's Church, Edge Hill

St Anne's Church is in Overbury Street, Edge Hill, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It is an active Roman Catholic parish church in the Archdiocese of Liverpool. In 1999 its parish was combined with that of the Church of St Bernard. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## History

St Anne's was built between 1843 and 1846, designed by Charles Hansom, and built by the monks of Downside Abbey. It was enlarged in 1888–89 by Pugin and Pugin, who added a chancel, an apse, and two transepts, and in 1893 by Peter Paul Pugin who added a baptistry. At an unknown date its care passed from the monks of Downside Abbey to those of Ampleforth Abbey, and in 1950 the church became part of the Archdiocese of Liverpool. In 1969 the interior of the church was reordered, with the removal of the baldacchino and altar rails, and the installation of an altar.

## Architecture
### Exterior

The church is built in red sandstone, and has a slate roof. Its style is early Decorated. The plan consists of a six-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles with lean-to roofs, north and south transepts, an apsidal three-bay chancel, and a west tower. The tower is supported by angle buttresses, and has an octagonal stair turret on the southeast corner. It has a west entrance with four orders, above which is a four-light window and a canopied niche. The bell stage contains pairs of two-light louvred bell openings. Pollard and Pevsner comment that the tower is prominent, but that it looks as though it is "sliced"; this is because the intended spire was not built from fear of subsidence. The aisles have two-light windows along the sides, and three-light windows at the west ends. The clerestory contains quatrefoils under pointed arches. In the transepts are two-light west windows, and five-light north and south windows. The windows contain geometric tracery.

### Interior

Inside the church, the arcades are carried on quatrefoil columns. Between the chancel and the chapels on one side, and the organ loft on the other side, the arcades are carried on a double row of columns. Around the apse is an arcade containing lancet windows. In the church is a three-manual pipe organ built originally by Henry Willis and Sons and Lewis and Company. This was rebuilt and modernised in 1958, again by Willis and Sons.

## Associated features

In the churchyard is a stone memorial to two members of the Linford family who died, respectively, in 1849 and 1855. It was designed by A. Murphy, and consists of an octagonal pillar standing on a plinth. It contains a niche under a canopy, and at the top are two sculpted figures, considered to be the Virgin Mary and St John. It is listed at Grade II. Attached to the northwest of the church is a large presbytery, built in 1893 and designed by Peter Paul Pugin. This is also listed at Grade II.
# Hioki District, Kagoshima

Hioki (日置郡, Hioki-gun) was a district located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
As of July 1, 2005, the district had an estimated population of 7,927 and the density of 109.72 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 72.25 km$^2$.

## District Timeline

* April 1, 1889 - Due to the municipal status enforcement, the villages of Kushikino, Nishiichiki, Higashiichiki, Shimoijūin, Nakaijūin, Kamijūin, Kōriyama, Hioki, Yoshitoshi and Nagayoshi were created within Hioki District. (10villages)
* March 29, 1896 - The district absorbed Ata District and added the villages of Izaku, Tabuse and Ata. (13 villages)
* April 1, 1922 - The village of Nakaijūin was elevated to town status to become the town of Ijūin. (1 town, 12 villages)
* December 1, 1922 - The village of Izaku was elevated to town status to become the town of Izaku. (2 towns, 11 villages)
* April 1. 1930 - The village of Nishiichiki was elevated to gain town status to become the town of Ichiki. (3 towns, 12 villages)
* April 1. 1935 - The village of Kushikino was elevated to town status to become the town of Kushikino. (4 towns, 11 villages)
* April 1. 1937 - The village of Higashiichiki was elevated to town status to become the town of Higashiichiki. (5 towns, 10 villages)
* October 1, 1950 - the town of Kushikino was elevated to city status.
* April 1, 1955: (6 towns, 8 villages)
** The villages of Hioki and Yoshitoshi were merged into the town of Hiyoshi.
** The village of Izaku and the town of Nagayoshi were merged into the town of Fukiage.
* September 30, 1956: (7 towns, 1 village)
** The village of ShimoIjūin was splite into the towns of Higashiichiki, Ijūin, Hiyoshi and Kōriyama (respectively).
** The village of Kōriyama was elevated to town status to become the town of Kōriyama.
** The villages of Tabuse and Ata were merged into the town of Kinpō.
* April 1, 1960 - The village of Kamiijūin was elevated to town status to become the town of Matsumoto.(8 towns)
* November 1, 2004 - the towns of Kōriyama and Matsumoto, along with the town of Kiire (from Ibusuki District), and the towns of Sakurajima and Yoshida (both from Kagoshima District), were merged into the expanded city of Kagoshima.
* May 1, 2005 - the towns of Fukiage, Higashiichiki, Hiyoshi and Ijūin were merged to create the city of Hioki.
* October 11, 2005 - the town of Ichiki was merged with the city of Kushikino to create the city of Ichikikushikino.
* November 7, 2005 - the town of Kinpō, along with the city of Kaseda, and the towns of Bonotsu, Kasasa and Ōura (all from Kawanabe District), was merged to create city of Minamisatsuma. Hioki District was dissolved as a result of this merger.
# George Carlin: 40 Years of Comedy

George Carlin: 40 Years of Comedy (1997) is comedian George Carlin's tenth HBO special. It was broadcast live from the Wheeler Opera House in Aspen, Colorado, as part of the US Comedy Arts Festival. Unlike Carlin's other stand-up specials, this contains only 27 minutes of stand-up performance. The rest is a retrospective celebrating Carlin's 40th anniversary in entertainment, with clips of his television appearances and an interview with the host Jon Stewart. Some of Carlin's material was repeated in his next special, You Are All Diseased.
# Sparsitubus

Sparsitubus is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Sparsitubus nelumbiformis, found in Hainan and Yunnan, China. Molecular analysis suggests that Sparsitubus is in a clade of white rot polypores and may be closely related to the Ganodermataceae.
# James Francis Fulloon

James Francis Fulloon (12 August 1840 – 22 July 1865) was a New Zealand interpreter and public servant. He was born in Whakatāne, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand on 12 August 1840.
# United States Post Office (Demopolis, Alabama)

The U.S. Post Office in Demopolis, Alabama is a historic post office. It was built in 1914 in a Jeffersonian Neoclassical style. The facade is granite and brick with five arched bays, the three central bays feature Palladian windows. The roof line is crowned with a vasiform balustrade. The interior is marble. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1984, due to its architectural significance.
# Tilly of Bloomsbury

Tilly of Bloomsbury may refer to:
* Tilly of Bloomsbury (play), a 1919 play by Ian Hay
* Tilly of Bloomsbury (1921 film) directed by Rex Wilson
* Tilly of Bloomsbury (1931 film) directed by Jack Raymond
* Tilly of Bloomsbury (1940 film) directed by Leslie S. Hiscot
# Oe District, Tokushima

Oe (麻植郡, Oe-gun) was a district located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 46,231 and a density of 320.63 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 144.19 square kilometres (55.67 sq mi).

## Towns and villages

* Kamojima
* Kawashima
* Misato
* Yamakawa

## Merger

* On October 1, 2004 - the towns of Kamojima, Kawashima and Yamakawa, and the village of Misato were merged to create the city of Yoshinogawa. Therefore, Oe District was dissolved as a result of this merger.
# The Bog, Charlottetown

The Bog is a former neighbourhood in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. The community was settled in the early 19th century by Black people who were enslaved, who had been brought to the colony by their Loyalist enslavers after the American Revolutionary War. The neighbourhood was bounded by Euston, Pownal, Richmond, and West streets, and by Government Pond. The neighbourhood was demolished for a redevelopment project in the early 20th century.

## History

On 11 August 1812, Samuel Martin (c. 1750–16 November 1863), a freed slave known as "Black Sam", petitioned the Charlottetown government for a parcel of land in the city's west end, adjacent to Government Pond and across from land set aside for the future Government House. While Martin was never formally granted the parcel, the low-lying, marshy land was seen as undesirable by the city's wealthy residents, and a group of freed slaves eventually settled in the area. The land's low value also attracted other impoverished people of Prince Edward Island, and over time the area became a mixed-race slum with a peak population of about 100 residents.
A central feature of the Bog was the Bog School, constructed in 1848 on Kent Street on land donated by Royal Navy Captain John Orlebar. Local legislation did not require the Bog School to be a racially segregated school, due to the small Black population. After renovations in 1868, the school was expanded and renamed the West End School. African-Canadian teacher Sarah Harvie was the school's only teacher, and the school closed upon her retirement in 1903. By the time of the school's closure, the demographics of the neighbourhood had evolved, as the original Black residents intermarried with white families or migrated to more robust Black communities in the United States. According to P.E.I.'s 1881 census, there were only 84 Black residents living in the neighbourhood. The Bog was shortly after demolished for a redevelopment project. Today, the geographical area consists of government buildings, a parking lot from the 1960s, and residential housing. The Bog has never been recognized as part of Black Canadian heritage by the government.
Another prominent community gathering place was the Victoria Jubilee Club, which was created in 1887. Government Pond was a site the community used for skating, shinny, and ice hockey.

## Notable people

* George Godfrey, former World Colored Heavyweight champion boxer
* George Byers (boxer born June 25, 1872), former World Colored Middleweight and World Colored Heavyweight champion boxer
* James Bagnall
# St Peter's Church, East Bridgford

St Peter's Church is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in East Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England.

## History

The church was dates from the 11th century. It was restored in 1671 and 1686. The tower was rebuilt in 1778 by Francis Moore. The chancel windows were renewed in 1862. The organ chamber and lady chapel were rebuilt in 1862. There were 3 periods of restoration work in the early 20th century by C.E. Pointing - in 1901, 1903 and 1914.
The church is in a joint parish with St Helen's Church, Kneeton.

## Churchyard

The churchyard contains 3 headstones dating from 1775, 1777, and 1810 which are Grade II listed. In slate, they are to the Caunt family.
* That to the left has shouldered round head, with foliate borders. Dated 1775 it is signed "Brown, Whatton".
* The central stone has double shouldered round head, with foliate borders, cartouche containing globe, and inscription. To Joseph Caunt, 1810. Signed "Jones Sculp."
* That to the right has stepped round head and Adam style border with urns. Cartouche with Divine Monogram and angels. To Thomas Caunt, 1777. Signed "R. Brown Sculp."

## Organ

The church contains an organ dating from 1875 by Wordsworth and Maskell. This has been subsequently restored by Peter Conacher in 1906, Roger Yates in 1937 and Alan Douglas in 1983. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.