OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guido Hermann Eckardt

Guido Herman Eckardt (1873–1951) was a German-language author, musician and journalist from Estonia who used the pseudonym Fritz Geron Pernauhm for his literary works.

## Life

Eckardt was born in Pärnu, Estonia, on 19 September 1873 (7 September Old Style). His father Guido Heinrich Eckardt (1843–1906) was a lawyer who also wrote poetry and journalism in local newspapers.
He studied music in Munich, Geneva, Berlin and Paris. In Munich he was acquainted with German authors such as Thomas Mann, Frank Wedekind and Max Halbe. After a stay in Rome, he returned home to Liepāja (Libau) where he taught Piano.
In 1908 he moved to Riga, working as a journalist for the newspaper Rigasche Neueste Nachrichten and later the Rigasche Rundschau. He mainly write criticism about music, theatre and art. He married poetess and translator Elfriede Skalberg (1884-1964) with whom he would have a daughter. In Riga, he became a central figure of culture.
In 1940 he left Riga, after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact had effectively opened up the Baltic states for Soviet invasion and most Germans were transferred to Nazi Germany.
He died on 26 September 1951 in Überlingen, Germany.

## Works

Apart from his journalistic work, Eckardt remains known for three novels he published in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century, using the pseudonym Fritz Geron Pernauhm. 'Ercole Tomei' (Leipzig, 1900), 'Der junge Kurt' (Berlijn/Leipzig, 1904) and 'Die Infamen' (Leipzig, 1906)) focus on the theme of homosexuality, making him one of the first authors in German literature to openly publish on the theme.

## Sources

* Gottzmann, Carola L. & Hörner, Petra, 'Lexikon der deutschsprachigen Literatur des Baltikums und St. Petersburgs vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart' (Berlin-New York 2007), vol. 1, p. 380
* Digital Text Repository for Older Estonian Literature, Online
* Fritz Geron Pernauhm entry on Männerschwarm
# Freezing rain advisory

A freezing rain advisory was an advisory issued by the National Weather Service in the United States when freezing rain or freezing drizzle was expected to cause significant inconveniences, but did not meet warning criteria (typically greater than 1⁄4 inch or 6.4 millimetres of ice accumulation).
On October 2, 2017, issuance of the freezing rain advisory was discontinued. A winter weather advisory is now issued when the above criteria are forecast to be met. However, ice storm warnings continue to be issued.

## Example

Source:
# Patricia Silva Meléndez

Patricia Elizabeth Silva Meléndez (born 1964) is a Chilean teacher and political scientist. She was caretaker minister during the second government of Michelle Bachelet after Jorge Insunza's resignation.
In 2006, she served as director of labour issues during Bachelet's first government (2006−2010).
# Indian bead

Indian bead is a colloquial American term for a fossilized stem segment of a columnal crinoid, a marine echinoderm of the class Crinoidea. The fossils, generally a centimeter or less in diameter, tend to be cylindrical with a small hole (either open or filled) along the axis and can resemble unstrung beads. The fossils are abundant in certain areas, including parts of the American Midwest where they are present in gravel. They are sometimes also referred to as "Indian money".
The same item is known as Bonifatius pfennige in German ("Saint Boniface pennies") and St Cuthbert's beads in the United Kingdom.

## Gallery

* Rare fossil of a crinoid completely intact
* Calcified in limestone
* Fossils from the Jurassic period
* Intact stem of a crinoid, still embedded
* Small beads shown in comparison to a penny
# Scleronotus angulatus

Scleronotus angulatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1916.
# 1-Hexanol

1-Hexanol (IUPAC name hexan-1-ol) is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_5$OH. This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol. Two additional straight chain isomers of 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, exist, both of which differing by the location of the hydroxyl group. Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C$_6$H$_{13}$OH. It is used in the perfume industry.

## Preparation

Hexanol is produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products. An idealized synthesis is shown:
    Al(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$ + 6C$_2$H$_4$ → Al(C$_6$H$_{13}$)$_3$
    Al(C$_6$H$_{13}$)$_3$ + 1+1⁄2O$_2$ + 3H$_2$O → 3HOC$_6$H$_{13}$ + Al(OH)$_3$
The process generates a range of oligomers that are separated by distillation.

### Alternative methods

Another method of preparation entails hydroformylation of 1-pentene followed by hydrogenation of the resulting aldehydes. This method is practiced in industry to produce mixtures of isomeric C$_6$-alcohols, which are precursors to plasticizers.
In principle, 1-hexene could be converted to 1-hexanol by hydroboration (diborane in tetrahydrofuran followed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide):
This method is instructive and useful in laboratory synthesis but of no practical relevance because of the commercial availability of inexpensive 1-hexanol from ethylene.

## Occurrence in nature

1-Hexanol is believed to be a component of the odour of freshly mown grass. Alarm pheromones emitted by the Koschevnikov gland of honey bees contain 1-hexanol. It also is partly responsible for the fragrance of strawberries.
# Pete Donnelly (musician)

Pete Donnelly (born October 11, 1972) is an American bass player, singer, songwriter and founding member of The Figgs. Born in Saratoga Springs, New York, Donnelly is based in Philadelphia. In November 2007 Donnelly began playing with keyboardist Terry Adams, a founder of NRBQ, in the Terry Adams Rock & Roll Quartet. Adams rechristened the band NRBQ in March 2011. Donnelly played in the group until September 2012. Donnelly has also worked with Soul Asylum, Tommy Stinson, Mike Viola and the Candy Butchers and others. In 2015, Grammy Winning artist Shelby Lynne released her album, I Can't Imagine, the title track was co-written by Donnelly.
Donnelly released his first solo album Another Day On You in 1999, reissued in 2016 as an expanded edition. He released his second solo album When You Come Home, in December 2011 featuring guest appearances from Britta Phillips, Dave Pirner and Tommy Ardolino. His third solo album, Face the Bird, which features his son on one track, was released in 2013. His latest releases and more information can be found on Pete Donnelly Music.
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre backstroke S12

The men's 100m backstroke S12 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 13 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 09:08.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Raman Makarau | Belarus | 1:03.75 | Q |
| 2 | Maksym Veraksa | Ukraine | 1:04.19 | Q |
| 3 | Albert Gelis | Spain | 1:05.03 | Q |
| 4 | Alessandro Serpico | Italy | 1:08.91 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Alexander Nevolin-Svetov | Russia | 1:00.78 | Q, WR |
| 2 | Sergii Klippert | Ukraine | 1:02.24 | Q |
| 3 | Tucker Dupree | United States | 1:04.14 | Q |
| 4 | Jeremy McClure | Australia | 1:05.95 | Q |
| 5 | Ignacio Gonzalez | Argentina | 1:06.80 | Q |

### Final

Competed at 17:06.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Alexander Nevolin-Svetov | Russia | 59.37 | WR |
| | Sergii Klippert | Ukraine | 1:00.31 | |
| | Maksym Veraksa | Ukraine | 1:02.08 | |
| 4 | Raman Makarau | Belarus | 1:02.83 | |
| 5 | Tucker Dupree | United States | 1:04.08 | |
| 6 | Ignacio Gonzalez | Argentina | 1:06.02 | |
| 7 | Jeremy McClure | Australia | 1:06.32 | |
| 8 | Albert Gelis | Spain | 1:06.66 | |
Q = qualified for final. WR = World Record.
# Tensoku Rock

Tensoku Rock (68°48′S 40°11′E﻿ / ﻿68.800°S 40.183°E﻿ / -68.800; 40.183) is an exposed rock lying on the coast, midway between Flattunga and Tama Glacier in Queen Maud Land. Mapped from surveys and air photos by Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE), 1957–62, and named Tensoku-iwa (observation rock) because the feature served as a point of observation for the JARE survey party.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Tensoku Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Queen Maud Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Iván Salgado López

Iván Salgado López (born 29 June 1991) is a Galician Spanish chess player, who attained the rank of Grandmaster in 2008. He won the Iberoamerican Chess Championship in 2012 and the Spanish Chess Championship in 2013, and again in 2017.
In 2011 Salgado López won the Ciutat de Barcelona round-robin tournament edging Yasser Seirawan on tiebreak score. He played for the Spanish national team which finished tenth in the 41st Chess Olympiad, held Tromsø, Norway in August 2014.
# Hello, Universe

Hello, Universe is a 2017 novel written by Erin Entrada Kelly. The novel is told from the perspectives of four middle school students as one of them becomes trapped in a well. Hello, Universe received the 2018 Newbery Medal.

## The book

The novel is told from four points of view: Virgil Salinas, a Filipino-American boy; Kaori Tanaka, a Japanese-American girl; Valencia Somerset, a girl in Virgil's class who is deaf; and Chet Bullens, the neighborhood bully. The narrative mostly takes place over the course of a single summer day. In an interview, Kelly said it was important to celebrate her Filipino culture: "Filipino culture isn't something that's necessarily prevalent in western literature, especially for kids." Kelly also cited Filipino folklore as an inspiration for the book.

## Reception

The book received a largely positive reception, including several starred reviews. Reviewers noted its well-written and diverse characters and relatable plot. A Kirkus starred review wrote of the "supremely well-crafted perspectives" of the four narrators. In a more mixed review, Sarah Hannah Gomez writing for the Horn Book Magazine stated, "while the ending may be a bit too tidy, the children’s inner lives are distinctive, and each rings true." The diversity presented by the characters and the low-key way this was handled was also praised in several reviews, including by Angie Bayne writing for the Jefferson City News Tribune, "diversity is not treated as a plot point but just a point of fact."
Several reviews commented on the appeal of the book to children. Michelle Shaw writing for School Library Journal, praised its wide appeal, "Readers across the board will flock to this book that has something for nearly everyone" while a starred Booklist review stated, "readers will be instantly engrossed."
Hello, Universe was announced as the 2018 Newbery Medal winner in February 2018. The selection committee noted that the book was "masterfully told through shifting points of view," adding that "this modern quest tale shimmers with humor and authentic emotion." Kelly called winning the Newbery among her proudest moments.
The German edition of Hello, Universe was awarded the 2019 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, the country's highest honor for children's literature.

## Adaptation

On 22 May 2019, it was announced that Netflix will adapt this novel into a feature film.
# Valley Township, Macon County, Missouri

Valley Township is an inactive township in Macon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Valley Township was originally called Loe Township; the present name was adopted in 1872,.
# Portor, Ghana

Portor is a small farming community located in the Kintampo Municipal District in the Bono East Region of Ghana. The town has a population of 3,000. Portor is located on the KIntampo-Buipe highway situated close to the villages Kadelso and Gulumpe.
in 2016, the community went through an unrest as a result of chieftaincy disputes. The town though found in the Bono East Region, is under the Gonja traditional area.
# Scleronotus flavosparsus

Scleronotus flavosparsus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1935.
# Josip Egartner

Josip Egartner (27 March 1809 – 2 May 1849) was a Slovene painter of Austrian origin.

## Life and work

Josip Egartner was born as Josip Pessentheiner on 27 March 1809 in Gmünd, Carinthia.
He was adopted by the painter Leopold Layer (1752–1828), who was married to Marija Egartner, a relative of Josip Egartner. The couple did not have children of their own, and Layer taught Egartner to paint. Egartner's works are primarily of local significance.
In 1834 and 1835 he painted the frescos in the leftmost of the three churches at Rosalnice. His works include many altars and altar paintings, including two altars in the former village of Rupa (between Kokrica and Kranj) in 1838, a painting of Saint Florian in Sostro in 1839, two paintings for the pilgrimage Church of the Nativity of Mary at Trška Gora in 1843, a painting for the main altar of the parish church in Kranj, several paintings for the Church of the Nativity of Mary at Rovišče in 1844, and a painting of Saint Martin in Ig in 1849.
Egartner married Marija Pajer on 7 November 1832. His son Josip Egartner Jr. (1833–1905) was also a painter and sculptor. Egartner died in Kranj on 2 May 1849.
# HD 37811

HD 37811 (HR 1958) is a solitary star in the southern constellation Columba. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.44, allowing it to be faintly seen with the naked eye. Parallax measurements place the object at a distance of 382 light years and it is currently approaching with a heliocentric radial velocity of −8.3 km/s.
HD 37811 has a stellar classification of G6/8 III — intermediate between a G6 and G8 giant star that is currently on the red giant branch. It has 3 times the mass of the Sun but has expanded to 11.7 times its girth at an age of 440 million years. It shines with a luminosity of 86 L$_☉$ from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,139 K, giving a yellow glow. HD 37811 has a solar metallicity and spins leisurely with a projected rotational velocity of about 2.4 km/s.
# Telasi

Telasi is an electricity distribution company of Tbilisi, Georgia. In 1998, the company was privatized to AES Corporation, whose efforts to repair and modernize the electrical grid of Tbilisi were documented in the film Power Trip by Paul Devlin. In 2003, AES sold Telasi to a Russian company Inter RAO UES. The Russian company paid $26 million to AES for Telasi and in return AES paid off $60 million of Telasi debt, in effect paying Inter RAO UES $34 million to take Telasi off their hands. The sale took place less than a year after AES-Telasi CFO Niko Lominadze was found murdered in his apartment and numerous other threats were made to AES-Telasi management. In the end, AES lost more than $300 million on the Telasi episode.
# John G. Cotton

John Gould Cotton (born 1951) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy. He was Chief of the United States Navy Reserve from October 2003 until July 2008. He is currently a member of the Defense Department's Reserve Forces Policy Board.
# Iván Samuco

Ivan Samuco (born Ivan Conradus, February 25, 1957 and also known as Ivan Zamuco) is a former professional boxer from Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. A practitioner also of volleyball and futsal, he is often considered one of the best athletes to be born in those islands and is inducted into the Curaçao sports museum.
During his career, Samuco won the WBC's Continental Americas Super-Featherweight title, beating the largely unheralded Aurelio Mena, 1–3 coming into their bout, by a twelve-round majority decision on December 21, 1979, in Willemstad, Curaçao.

## Bout with Wilfredo Gómez

Samuco had the biggest fight of his career when he confronted the 38-1-1, 38 knockout wins former WBC world Super Bantamweight champion, future International Boxing Hall of Fame member Wilfredo Gómez. Few gave Samuco, coming in with a 17-3-1, 10 knockout wins record, a chance of beating Gomez during their April 23, 1983 bout. He had been a Continental Americas Champion at some point in his career. He was, however, announced as a "former WBC champion from Curaçao" on local posters and flyers promoting the fight, implying, but not actually saying, that he had indeed been a world champion himself at some point in his career.
The fight, held at Ponce, Puerto Rico, was won by Gomez by third-round technical-knockout when the referee Ismael Quinones Falu stopped the bout after a knockdown of Ivan Samuco.

## After the Gomez loss

Samuco boxed four more times, including a bout after which his opponent Miguel Falero had his boxing license suspended for "fraud after a disgraceful performance"-Samuco won by fourth-round knockout-before retiring from boxing with 19 wins, 6 losses and 1 draw (tie) in 26 professional boxing matches. Later, he became a noted boxing promoter and trainer in his home country.
# Helsinki Swimming Stadium

Helsinki Swimming Stadium is an outdoor swimming venue in Helsinki, Finland, located in the Eläintarha area to the northeast of the Helsinki Olympic Stadium.

## History

The Swimming Stadium was designed by architect Jorma Järvi in the Functionalist style, which was prevalent during the 1930s. The stadium was built for the 1940 Olympic Games which were cancelled due to World War II, but it later hosted the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Because of the war, the construction of the stadium was delayed, but it was finally completed in 1947. During wartime, the already finished pools were used to store herring and root vegetables.
According to the International Swimming Federation, the water temperature in the pool needed to be at least 22 °C, nowadays 27 °C. The machinery to heat the outdoor pool was ordered from abroad, and the ship transporting them was sunk immediately after the war broke out.
The stadium has been listed as a significant example of modern architecture in Finland by Docomomo.

## Current use

The Swimming Stadium is a popular recreational venue for citizens. It is open from the beginning of May until the end of September. During summertime, it is visited by about 5,000 swimmers every day – 290,000 altogether during the summer of 2013. The stadium has three pools: a 50-metre exercise swimming pool, a diving pool and a children's pool, and a small, shallow, round wading pool for small children a little further away. The diving pool has two 1 metre and two 3 metre high springboards, and a 1-metre plateau in front of the diving tower. Use of the diving tower is controlled and requires lifeguard supervision. The 1 and 3 metre springboards are almost always freely usable by customers. However, when swimming teams or clubs come to practice at the Stadium, the 3 metre springboard may be reserved for their use.
The area also has a water slide, a gym, a basketball court, a volleyball field, a table tennis table and a café. The gym is open year-round.
Outside normal opening times, the Stadium is used as a practicing place for other aquatic sports and diving schools use the diving pool as practice pool.
The Swimming Stadium was also the scene for filming the popular Finnish youth television show Summeri during the years 2003–2009 and 2011.
In January 2009, the city of Helsinki initiated a discussion of keeping the Helsinki Swimming Stadium heated throughout the entire autumn and winter, in order to make it accessible for outdoor swimming during the entire year, in honour of the 90th anniversary of the Sports Bureau of Helsinki. However, this idea was abandoned as too expensive.
# Silver Creek, Iowa

Silver Creek is an unincorporated community in Delaware County, Iowa, United States. It is located on County Highway D47, one mile north of Robinson and two miles southeast of Monti.

## History

Silver Creek was also known as Silvercreek. The post office was established under the name Silver Creek on June 13, 1890. The name was changed to Silvercreek on December 1, 1895. The post office closed on October 15, 1900.
Silver Creek's population was just 10 in 1902, and 11 in 1915. Silver Creek United Methodist church still operates in the community.
# Bad Pass Trail

The Bad Pass Trail, also known as the Sioux Trail, was established by Native Americans on the border of present-day Montana and Wyoming as a means of access from the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming to Bison-hunting grounds in the Grapevine Creek area of Montana. Marked by stone cairns, the trail led across Bad Pass and was established in pre-Columbian times. After Europeans arrived in the area it was frequented by fur trappers and mountain men, beginning in 1824. Trappers assembled pack trains at the junction of the Shoshone River and the Bighorn River, using the Bad Pass Trail to avoid Bighorn Canyon. The trail ended at the mouth of Grapevine Creek on the Bighorn, from which the pack train could float down the Bighorn on rafts to the Yellowstone River and then to the Missouri and on to St. Louis.
Approximately three hundred cairns are known to exist along the trail, particularly in Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. The cairns are believed to have been built incrementally, with passer-by placing stones on the pile as a good luck offering. Much of the trail itself has been altered beyond recognition by the construction of an access road for area ranches. The trail runs along the western side of Bighorn Canyon. It is estimated to have been in use for ten to twelve thousand years. The trail features as many as one thousand tipi rings on either side of the trail, some of which have been evaluated by archeologists.
The Bad Pass Trail was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1975.
# Hostalric

Hostalric (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 3.39 square kilometres (1.31 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 4,010.

## The Parish church of Santa Maria

Placed at the foothills of the castle hillock, the church of Santa Maria was first mentioned in 1217. There are no remains of the original church, which was enlarged at the end of the 14th and the middle of the 15th centuries. The present building, which retains a gothic air, was built between the end of the 16th century and the first quarter of the 17th century. It consists on one nave and polygonal chancel, chapels between buttresses and groin vault. On the outside, the standing features are the renaissance and baroque decoration of the facade and the bell tower, with square floor-plan, constructed around 1620 by Master Bernat N. de Mataró. The church was plundered and burned down in 1809, during the Independence War and in 1936, at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

## The Castle of Hostalric

The castle is built on a basalt hill and records of it date back to the twelfth century. Its importance grew because of its strategic position, controlling the Royal Way (Cami Ral) between Barcelona and Girona, and the fact that Hostalric became the administrative capital of the viscountcy of Cabrera. It was the scene of numerous battles in mediaeval times and the old castle virtually disappeared as a result. The original design for the modern fortress was the work of Francisco de Santa Cruz, a military engineer in the service of the Archduke Charles. Work on the construction of the fortress we see today was completed between 1794 and 1795 and it became an important point of resistance against Napoleon's army during the Peninsular War (1810-1814). In 1929 the castle's garrison was transferred and Hostalric ceased to be of military significance. In 1963 the castle and the town's walls and towers were declared a Cultural Site of National Interest.