OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Golay cell

The Golay cell is a type of opto-acoustic detector mainly used for infrared spectroscopy. It consists of a gas-filled enclosure with an infrared absorbing material and a flexible diaphragm or membrane. When infrared radiation is absorbed, it heats the gas, causing it to expand. The resulting increase in pressure deforms the membrane. Light reflected off the membrane is detected by a photodiode, and motion of the membrane produces a change in the signal on the photodiode. The concept was originally described in 1947 by Marcel J. E. Golay, after whom it came to be named.
The Golay cell has high sensitivity and a flat response over a very broad range of frequencies. The response time is modest, of order 10 ms. The detector performance is degraded in the presence of mechanical vibrations.
# Robert Everett

Robert Everett may refer to:
* Fats Everett (Robert Ashton Everett, 1915–1969), U.S. representative from Tennessee
* Robert Everett (computer scientist) (1921–2018), American computer scientist
* Robert W. H. Everett (1901–1942), British World War 2 naval pilot and Grand National winner
* Robert W. Everett (1839–1915), U.S. representative from Georgia
* Robert Lacey Everett (1833–1916), English farmer and Liberal politician
* Terry Everett (Robert Terry Everett, born 1937), U.S. representative from Alabama
* Robert Everett (minister) (1791–1875), leader of the Welsh-speaking abolitionist movement
# Siege of Landau (1704)

The siege of Landau of 1704 was the third of four such sieges during the War of the Spanish Succession. It lasted 77 days from 9 September to 25 November 1704, when the French garrison surrendered to the forces of the Grand Alliance.
Following the Allied victory at the Battle of Blenheim on 13 August 1704, the remnant of the French Army of Alsace under Ferdinand de Marsin withdrew towards Strasbourg while the Army of Flanders under the Duc de Villeroy covered its retreat. Villeroy reinforced the garrison of Landau with six infantry battalions and some engineers and artillery officers—about 2,000 men—and provided it with provisions and munitions. The garrison, which had about 5,000 men before reinforcement, was commanded by Lieutenant General Yrieix Masgontier de Laubanie.
The Imperial Army—including Austrian and Prussian contingents and Kreistruppen—under Margrave Louis of Baden numbered some 40,000 at the start of the campaign in June. During the Battle of Blenheim, it had been unsuccessfully besieging Ingolstadt. While the forces of the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy pursued Villeroy south and took up covering positions on the river Lauter, preventing any chance of relief for the fortress, Baden began the investment of Landau by digging trenches on 9 September. The trenches were opened on 13 September. As Marlborough had marched without the siege train, the besiegers were relatively short of artillery. This was augmented, however, by that captured at the fall of Ulm on 10 September, which probably arrived on 20 September. Thereafter, the Allied method was one of "massive bombardment" in the style of Menno van Coehoorn.
On 28 September, Joseph, King of the Romans, arrived and took nominal command of the siege. The rate of bombardment increased in October, while the defenders launched several sorties to disrupt the sappers. On 10 October, Laubanie was blinded during a bombardment, but remained in command. By November, the locks by which the defenders could control the flooding of certain ditches by the river Queich were destroyed and Marlborough had moved from his covering position to attack certain fortresses on the Moselle. On 23 November, following the loss of the covered way, Laubanie held a conference with his officers. The chamade was beaten and the garrison surrendered on 25 November. The garrison marched out the next day. The Imperial Army entered on 28 November.
The defenders inflicted severe casualties on the attackers, who suffered 9,322 casualties of all types. At the capitulation, the garrison had between 2,600 and 5,000 killed, wounded or sick.
# Gimme Back

"Gimme Back" is a single by musician Michael Oldfield. It is from the album Heaven's Open. It was only released in Germany in 1991. Oldfield performs vocals himself.

## Track listing

* "Gimme Back" – 4:12
* "Amarok" (excerpt II) – 3:22
* "Amarok" (excerpt III) – 9:30
# Order-7 heptagrammic tiling

Order-7 heptagrammic tiling :
| Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane ||
| Type | Hyperbolic regular tiling |
| Vertex configuration | (7/2)$^7$ |
| Schläfli symbol | {7/2,7} |
| Wythoff symbol | 7 | 7/2 2 |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Symmetry group | [7,3], (*732) |
| Dual | Heptagrammic-order heptagonal tiling |
| Properties | Vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive |
In geometry, the order-7 heptagrammic tiling is a tiling of the hyperbolic plane by overlapping heptagrams.

## Description

This tiling is a regular star-tiling, and has Schläfli symbol of {7/2,7}. The heptagrams forming the tiling are of type {7/2}, . The overlapping heptagrams subdivide the hyperbolic plane into isosceles triangles, 14 of which form each heptagram.
Each point of the hyperbolic plane that does not lie on a heptagram edge belongs to the central heptagon of one heptagram, and is in one of the points of exactly one other heptagram. The winding number of each heptagram around its points is one, and the winding number around the central heptagon is two, so adding these two numbers together, each point of the plane is surrounded three times; that is, the density of the tiling is 3.
In the Euclidean plane, a heptagram of type {7/2} would have angles of 3π/7 at its vertices, but in the hyperbolic plane heptagrams can have the sharper vertex angle 2π/7 that is needed to make exactly seven other heptagrams meet up at the center of each heptagram of the tiling.

## Related tilings

It has the same vertex arrangement as the regular order-7 triangular tiling, {3,7}. The full set of edges coincide with the edges of a heptakis heptagonal tiling. The valance 6 vertices in this tiling are false-vertices in the heptagrammic one caused by crossed edges.
It is related to a Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron, the small stellated dodecahedron, {5/2,5}, which is polyhedron and a density-3 regular star-tiling on the sphere:
# Stanley Farlow

Stanley Jerome Farlow (born 1937) is an American mathematician specializing in differential equations. For many years he has been a professor at the University of Maine.

## Life

Farlow earned a bachelor's degree in physics at Iowa State University and a master's degree in mathematics at the University of Iowa. From 1962 to 1968 he was a lieutenant commander in the PHS, completing his Ph.D. in mathematics at Oregon State University in 1967. His doctoral supervisor was Ronald Bernard Guenther, and his doctoral dissertation was on Existence Theorems for Periodic Solutions of Parabolic Partial Differential Equations.
He is currently a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the University of Maine.

## Books

Farlow is the author of several books in mathematics, including
* Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers (Wiley, 1982; Russian translation, Moscow: Mir, 1985; Dover, 1993)
* Applied Mathematics for Management, Life Science, and Social Science (with Gary M. Haggard, Random House, 1988)
* Finite Mathematics and Its Applications (with Gary M. Haggard, Random House, 1988; 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, 1994)
* Introduction to Calculus with Applications (with Gary M. Haggard, McGraw Hill, 1990)
* An Introduction to Differential Equations and Their Applications (McGraw Hill, 1994; Dover, 2006)
* Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (with James E. Hall, Jean Marie Mc Dill, and Beverly H. West, Prentice Hall, 2002)
* Paradoxes in Mathematics (Dover, 2014)
* Advanced Mathematics: A Transitional Reference (Wiley, 2020)
He is also the editor of:
* Self-Organizing Methods in Modeling: GMDH Type Algorithms (Marcel Dekker, 1984)
# Franklin Lucena

Franklin José Lucena Peña (Spanish pronunciation:, born 20 February 1981) is a Venezuelan football coach and former player who played as a defensive midfielder.

## Honours

Caracas
* Venezuelan Primera División: 2007 Apertura, 2009 Clausura, 2010 Clausura
* Copa Venezuela: 2009
# Talang Satang National Park

The Talang Satang National Park is a national park in Kuching Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is Sarawak's first marine protected area, and covers the four islands Pulau Talang-Talang Besar, Pulau Talang-Talang Kecil, Pulau Satang Besar and Pulau Satang Kecil and surrounding coral reefs.
Talang Satang is open to nature tourism although its primary purpose is nature conservation. Activities that visitors can engage in are scubadiving and snorkeling, but only outside the area of protection and conservation.

## Geography

Talang Satang National Park is a coastal marine habitat with sandy beaches, mudflats, and rocky shores. Satang Besar and Talang-talang Islands have been identified as breeding grounds for turtles. Coral reefs and seagrass can also be found around these islands.

## Turtle conservation

The park was established to protect marine turtles; four species of marine turtles are known to nest in the park, including green turtles and hawksbill turtles.
Although turtles come ashore all year round, the main nesting season is from April to October.
# Tiny Hearts

Tiny Hearts is an American trip-hop/electronic music trio formed in 2011 from Detroit. Tiny Hearts is composed of producer Waajeed (of Platinum Pied Pipers), producer/composer Tim K (Tim Kvasnosky) and vocalist Deanne Reynolds of DEDE.

## Background

The band met in Detroit. The music features the bombastic, aggressive drum programming of Waajeed, the deep poetic songwriting, vocoder and harmonically intense keyboard playing of Tim K and the icy, haunting tones of singer Dede Reynolds
The music of Tiny Hearts internationally premiered on BBC1 on Benji B's show in late 2012. The show premiered songs "Centerfold", "Monsters" and "Dark Eyes". The band writes and record in an intense and isolated environment, for several weeks at a time. Waajeed is the leader in terms of creative identity. Tim K writes the lyrics and melodies and they mix the music together.
The U.S. radio premiere was in 2013 on KCRW, on the Garth Trinidad show. In October 2013, KEXP added the band's track "Stay" into rotation.
The first video for Tiny Heart's song "Centerfold" premiered on Okayplayer website 9/4/13, directed by Aron Kantor. The song utilizes "melodic and lyrical potency" and "floating" vocals over "thumping bass". Their second video "Stay", directed by Justin Kelly, and shot by DP Chris Blauvelt, premiered on Pigeons & Planes October 1, 2013.
Tiny Hearts performed a Boilerroom.tv show, featuring the tracks from their forthcoming Stay EP, hosted by KCRW DJ Garth Trinidad. Their song "Stay" was selected as "Song of the Week" by Pigeons and Planes September 20, 2013. Their song "Stay" was featured in a Vice magazine underground culture documentary.
The band's song "Snow Cold" was featured on NPR's Here & Now on November 12, 2013. The hosts described the music as a "great electronic sound" with a "cool, surreal mood".
The "Snow Cold" video premiered on Vice Noisey Feb 11, 2014. It was directed by Timothy Shumaker and included Art Direction of lead singer Dede.

## Discography
### EPs

* Stay – (2013, Dirt Teck Reck), mastered by Fab Dupont

### Remixes

* "Reconstruct (Tiny Hearts Remix)" – (2013, Dirt Teck Reck)

### Videos

* "Snow Cold" – (2014, Dirt Tech Reck), directed by Timothy Shumaker
* "Stay" – (2013, Dirt Tech Reck), directed by Justin Kelly, cinematography by Christopher Blauvelt
* "Centerfold" – (2013, Dirt Tech Reck), directed by Aron Kantor
# Robert Everard Woodson

Robert Everard Woodson Jr. (28 April 1904 – 6 November 1963) was an American botanist. He received a degree in biology in 1929 at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The standard author abbreviation Woodson is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
He gave classes in botany at Washington University, and from 1945 to 1963 he was a regular professor. He was also curator of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
# St. Thomas City Council

The St. Thomas City Council is the governing body of the city of St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. It is made up of a mayor and seven aldermen who are elected on an "at-large" basis. Elections for the city council are held every four years.

## 2006-2010 City Council

Elected in the municipal elections of 2006 for St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. It served the city from December 1, 2006 – November 30, 2010.
* Mayor Cliff Barwick
* Heather Jackson-Chapman
* Bill Aarts
* Gord Campbell
* Tom Johnston
* Terry Shackelton
* Lori Baldwin-Sands
* David Warden

## 2010-2014 City Council

Elected in the municipal elections of 2010 for St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada.
* Mayor Heather Jackson
* Lori Baldwin-Sands
* Gord Campbell
* Mark Cosens
* Tom Johnston
* Jeff Kohler
* David Warden
* Sam Yusuf
Alderman Sam Yusuf stepped down from council April 24, 2013. On May 6, 2013, council appointed Cliff Barwick to council to fill the vacancy.
# Ian Johns

Ian Johns is an American professional poker player born in Seattle, Washington and now living in Rossmoor, California. He has won three bracelets at the World Series of Poker. He won his first bracelet in 2006 and won two bracelets in 2016.
Johns first cashed in the World Series of Poker in 2006 and won his first WSOP bracelet that year in the $3,000 Limit Hold'em event. He defeated a final table that included professional poker players Theo Tran and Mark Newhouse, earning $291,755 for his victory.
Ten years later, Johns won his second and third bracelets during the 2016 World Series of Poker. First he won the $1,500 HORSE tournament, earning his second bracelet and the cash prize of $212,604. He defeated well-known professional poker player and WSOP bracelet winner Justin Bonomo heads-up to win the event. Also at that final table were 1998 World Champion of Poker and five-time WSOP bracelet winner Scotty Nguyen, as well as Svetlana Gromenkova and Andre Akkari who are also bracelet winners. Less than two weeks later, Johns won his third bracelet in the $10,000 Limit Texas hold'em Championship tournament, earning an additional $290,635. At that final table were WSOP bracelet winners Brian Rast, Brock Parker, Bill Chen, and David Chiu.
As of 2017, Johns' live poker tournament earnings exceed $1,400,000. His 29 cashes at the World Series of Poker make up over $1,195,000 of his total earnings.

## World Series of Poker bracelets

| Year | Tournament | Prize (US$) |
| 2006 | $3,000 Limit Hold'em | $291,755 |
| 2016 | $1,500 H.O.R.S.E. | $212,604 |
| 2016 | $10,000 Limit Hold'em Championship | $290,635 |
# Jan Szuścik

Jan Szuścik (23 October 1879 in Gułdowy - 1941 in Oranienburg concentration camp) was a Polish teacher, politician and member of the Silesian Parliament.
Jan Szuścik was born in peasant family in Gułdowy near Cieszyn to Paweł and Anna, née Pastuszek.
In 1900 he graduated from secondary school for teachers (Lehrerseminar) in Cieszyn. He worked initially at a school in Łazy, followed by an assignment in Bogumin. In 1922-1930 he was a deputy in the Silesian Parliament. From 1938 to 1939 Szuścik worked as a mayor of Łazy.
After the World War II had broken out, he was arrested by Nazi Germans during the Intelligenzaktion Schlesien and sent to the Oranienburg concentration camp. He was killed there on 18 April 1941.
Szuścik had one daughter Stefania who was married to Feliks Bocheński. They both emigrated to the United States.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Marcoń, Witold (2005). "Jan Szuścik – działacz polityczny, pedagog i pisarz regionalny Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Pamiętnik Cieszyński. 20: 49.
* 1 2 Marcoń, Witold (2005). "Jan Szuścik – działacz polityczny, pedagog i pisarz regionalny Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Pamiętnik Cieszyński. 20: 57.
# Stanley F. Schmidt

Stanley F. Schmidt (January 21, 1926 – August 13, 2015) was an American aerospace engineer who pioneered the Schmidt-Kalman filter used in air and space navigation, most notably in Apollo spacecraft.

## Early life and education

Schmidt was born on January 21, 1926, in Hollister, California, to Fred and Edith Schmidt. He married Meredith Hallenbeck in 1949.
Schmidt began his training in engineering in 1944 in the Navy Air Corps. He received the B.E.E. degree from Marquette University in 1946, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1952 and 1959, respectively.

## Career

From 1946 to 1961, Schmidt worked with NASA Ames Research Center, where he discovered the utility of the Kalman filter as applied to data processing for the nonlinear navigation equations of the Apollo crewed lunar missions. While at Ames, he developed piloted motion simulators, designed nonlinear compensation techniques for saturation effects in control systems, and served as branch chief in charge of all analog simulation work. During 1961 and 1962, Schmidt was with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, applying filter theory and model identification techniques and developing digital computer programs to process tracking data and give postflight evaluation of launch vehicle guidance and propulsion systems.
From 1962 to 1966, Schmidt was a senior staff scientist with Philco's Western Development Laboratory. There he directed studies of navigation and guidance systems for space vehicle systems and development of digital computer programs for analysis and design of space vehicle systems. Also at Philco, he conceived the fan beam navigation satellite technique and pursued studies to prove the feasibility and accuracy of this concept. He also developed a formulation of the Kalman filter which was named the Schmidt–Kalman filter in his honor.
In 1966, Schmidt joined Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., where he was vice president and technical director of their western division. At AMA, Schmidt developed a special Kalman filter formulation for a navigation system, applied control theory to improve NASA piloted flight simulators, and developed several on-board navigation systems which incorporate square-root formulations of the Kalman filter.
As a consultant to Northrop from 1992-2001, he led a team in the first aircraft application of a Kalman filter for the C-5A navigation system. Continuing to consult to Northrop, he led the design of the Kalman filter for the navigation system in the B-2 bomber.

## Organizations

* Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* Member, Eta Kappa Nu
* Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
* Member, Tau Beta Pi
# Fernando Navarro

Fernando Navarro may refer to:
* Fernando Navarro (Spanish footballer) (born 1982), Spanish football left-back
* Fernando Navarro (Mexican footballer) (born 1989), Mexican football right-back
# St. Paul's High School

St. Paul's High School may refer to:

## India

* St. Paul's High School, Belgaum
* St. Paul's High School, Dadar, Mumbai
* St. Paul's High School, Hajipur
* St. Paul's High School, Hyderabad
* St. Paul's High School, Veliyanad

## Other countries

* St. Paul's High School (Winnipeg), Manitoba, Canada
* St. Paul's High School, Rangoon, Myanmar
* St Paul's High School, Dunedin, New Zealand
* St Paul's High School, Bessbrook, Northern Ireland
* St Paul's English High School, Karachi, Pakistan
* St Paul's High School, Glasgow, Scotland
* St. Paul's High School, Musami, Zimbabwe
# Francis Wise

Francis Wise (3 June 1695 – 5 October 1767) was an academic, archivist, librarian and antiquarian at the University of Oxford.

## Life

Francis Wise was born in Oxford on 3 June 1695. His father, Francis Wise, was a mercer. After being educated at New College School he matriculated at the University of Oxford as a member of Trinity College in 1711. He became a fellow of the college in 1718 and was ordained deacon and priest in 1721. Within the university, he served as under-keeper of the Bodleian Library from 1719, trying but failing to become Bodley's Librarian in 1729 and President of Trinity College in 1731. He did, however, win the election for the position of Keeper of the Archives in 1726, in which he was the only Whig candidate. He carried out no new work with the archives, unlike his predecessors. His final success was to become the first librarian of the Radcliffe Library in 1748 – a sinecure post, since it was an institution that at the outset had "few books and even fewer readers".
His parish appointments were aided by Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford, the father of one of his pupils: Wise became curate of Wroxton, Oxfordshire (1723), to which were later added the parish of Harlow, Essex (briefly, in 1726, before his election as Keeper of the Archives) and the parish of Elsfield near Oxford (1726 onwards). Trinity College appointed him rector of Rotherfield Greys in 1745, and he resigned his fellowship at this time. He improved the house and garden in Elsfield, and was visited there by the writer and lexicographer Samuel Johnson and the poet and critic Thomas Warton in 1754. Wise helped to ensure that Johnson was awarded an honorary degree by the university later that year.
Wise worked in areas including as numismatics and Anglo-Saxon studies, attempting the first scholarly edition of Asser's Life of Alfred the Great and endeavouring to sift the genuine medieval text from the later additions. He also worked with others on publishing an illustrated edition of the Junius manuscript, but the cost of production was prohibitive and the plan was not completed. He catalogued the coins in the Bodleian and left his own collection to the Radcliffe Library. He died on 5 October 1767 at Elsfield, where he was buried without a gravestone. A memorial was erected in the church 70 years later by Trinity College.
# Thomas Coulson (rugby union)

Thomas Coulson (1898-1948) was an England rugby union player.