# Auroop Ratan Ganguly

Auroop Ratan Ganguly is an American hydrologist, a climate and computational scientist, and a civil engineer of Indian origin best known for his work at the intersection of climate extremes and water sustainability, infrastructural resilience and homeland security, and artificial intelligence and nonlinear dynamics.

## Academics

Ganguly was born in Mathura, India to Shreemoti Deepali Ganguly (née Bhattacharya) and Shree Nirmal Kumar Ganguly. He completed his primary and secondary schooling from St. Xaviers School, Durgapur, and his higher secondary from Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur (now in Kolkata), both in West Bengal, India. He obtained his Bachelor of Technology in civil engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (1993), a Master of Science in civil engineering from University of Toledo, Ohio (1997), and a PhD from the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2002).

## Professional work

Ganguly is a College of Engineering Distinguished Professor at Northeastern University (NU) in Boston, MA, United States, where he has been on the faculty since 2011. He has a joint appointment as a Chief Scientist at the US DOE's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington. He is currently a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Director of the Sustainability and Data Sciences Laboratory, one of the two Co-Directors of the Global Resilience Institute (GRI), and a member of the core leadership team of the experiential AI Institute at Northeastern University. He is or has been a Professor by courtesy of multiple departments, schools, centers, institutes, and colleges at NU, specifically, the Khoury College of Computer Science, the School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, the D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Marine and Environmental Sciences, and Political Science, as well as in the core leadership team of the Experiential Artificial Intelligence (EAI) Institute, and one of two Co-Directors of the Global Resilience Institute. Ganguly is currently a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar and previously a visiting professor at IIT Kharagpur and IIT Bombay.
Prior to his current position at Northeastern University in Boston, he was at the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory for seven years in their Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, at Oracle Corporation for five years in their Time Series Database Kernel and Demand Forecasting E-business groups, and at a startup called Demantra Inc., a demand forecasting company subsequently acquired by Oracle, for a year. In addition, he held joint and visiting faculty positions at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida.

## Entrepreneurship

Ganguly was a co-founder (with his former PhD student Evan Kodra and another NU alumnus Colin Sullivan) and Chief Scientific Adviser of risQ risQ, a Boston-based climate startup focused on cities, with core capabilities in climate risk assessments for the bond markets and environmental justice. This Northeastern-born startup, a spinout from Ganguly's SDS Lab funded by NSF grants and paying customers (but no VCs), was acquired in January 2022 by the Fortune 500 company Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), whose subsidiaries include the New York Stock Exchange. Currently, Ganguly is an adviser of a startup called Zeus AI, which focuses on AI-based weather forecasting, and was co-founded by his former PhD students Kate Duffy and Thomas Vandal with NASA funding while they were both NASA scientists.

## Memberships

Ganguly is member of United Nations Environmental Program review panel and the lead author of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) section of the 2018 Sustained National Climate Assessment of the United States. He is also a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He is currently on the editorial board of Nature's Scientific Reports and PLOS One, a Member of the ASCE Technical Committee on Future Weather and Climate Risks, and the Specialty Chief Editor of the Water and Built Environment section of the journal Frontiers in Water. He was an Associate Editor of the ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. He has previously served as an Associate Editor of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) journal Water Resources Research, on the AI committee of the American Meteorological Society (AMS), and as a co-chair of the Societal Dimensions Working Group at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ganguly is the co-founder and chief scientific adviser at the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based NSF-funded startup risQ. Auroop has been recognized as 2023 ACM Distinguished Member for his pivotal education, engineering, and scientific contributions.

## Research areas

Ganguly's research across the fields on water and climate science, infrastructures resilience and security, as well as machine learning and nonlinear dynamics. He develops fundamental insights about weather extremes and water sustainability, innovative ways to reduce fragility of infrastructures, and new adaptations of data science. Thus, research teams led by him have been among the first to suggest the possibility of persisting cold snaps under global warming, point to growing spatial variability of extreme rainfall during the Indian monsoon, translate scientific understanding of precipitation extremes under climate change to intensity-duration-frequency curves relevant for the design of hydraulic infrastructures, develop efficient recovery strategies for damaged critical lifeline networks, rigorously compare methods to examine nonlinear relations among short and noisy data, develop hybrid physics and data science methods for weather and climate extremes, and new machine learning and network science methods for representing and projecting complex space-time and graphical data. His research informs governments, companies, communities, and people in the broad area of climate adaptation and resilient engineering for urban sustainability and rural development with an emphasis on becoming resilient to changes and extreme events.
Ganguly's research has been cited in United Nations and US assessment reports, highlighted in commentaries in scientific venues such as Nature, PNAS, NASA Tech Briefs, R&D Magazine, US Department of Energy (DOE), and National Science Foundation (NSF) news, while he and his work have been quoted by global media- including by the New York Times, Newsweek, and the Independent (UK)-in the articles on global warming, weather and hydrological disasters, and infrastructure and rebuilding. The startup he cofounded with his former PhD student has been highlighted by the Wall Street Journal.

## Books

* Critical Infrastructures Resilience, with Udit Bhatia and Stephen Flynn, Routledge, 2018
* Knowledge Discovery from Sensor Data, Auroop R. Ganguly, Joao Gama, Olufemi A. Omitaomu, Mohamed Gaber, Ranga Raju Vatsavai (editors), CRC Press, 2008

## Select publications

* Wang, Daiwei; Gouhier, Tarik C.; Menge, Bruce A.; Ganguly, Auroop R. (2015). "Intensification and spatial homogenization of coastal upwelling under climate change". Nature. 518 (7539): 390–394. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..390W. doi:10.1038/nature14235. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25693571. S2CID 4470967.
* Liu, Yumin; Duffy, Kate; Dy, Jennifer G; Ganguly, Auroop R (2023). "Explainable deep learning for insights in El Niño and river flows". Nature Communications. 14 (1). Nature Publishing Group UK London: 339. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..339L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-35968-5. PMC 9860069. PMID 36670105.
* Duffy, Kate; Gouhier, Tarik C. (2022). "Climate-mediated shifts in temperature fluctuations promote extinction risk". Nature Climate Change. 12 (11): 1037–1044. arXiv:2202.12236. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12.1037D. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01490-7.
* Ganguly, A. R.; Steinhaeuser, K.; Erickson, D. J.; Branstetter, M.; Parish, E. S.; Singh, N.; Drake, J. B.; Buja, L. (2009). "Higher trends but larger uncertainty and geographic variability in 21st century temperature and heat waves". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (37): 15555–15559. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10615555G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904495106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2739867. PMID 19805213.
* Ghosh, Subimal; Das, Debasish; Kao, Shih-Chieh; Ganguly, Auroop R. (2011). "Lack of uniform trends but increasing spatial variability in observed Indian rainfall extremes". Nature Climate Change. 2 (2): 86–91. doi:10.1038/nclimate1327. ISSN 1758-678X.
* Khan, Shiraj; Bandyopadhyay, Sharba; Ganguly, Auroop R.; Saigal, Sunil; Erickson, David J.; Protopopescu, Vladimir; Ostrouchov, George (2007). "Relative performance of mutual information estimation methods for quantifying the dependence among short and noisy data". Physical Review E. 76 (2): 026209. Bibcode:2007PhRvE..76b6209K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.76.026209. hdl:2047/d20002073. ISSN 1539-3755. PMID 17930123.
* Bhatia, Udit; Kumar, Devashish; Kodra, Evan; Ganguly, Auroop R. (2015). "Network Science Based Quantification of Resilience Demonstrated on the Indian Railways Network". PLOS ONE. 10 (11): e0141890. arXiv:1508.03542. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1041890B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141890. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4633230. PMID 26536227.
* Vandal, Thomas; Kodra, Evan; Ganguly, Sangram; Michaelis, Andrew; Nemani, Ramakrishna; Ganguly, Auroop R. (2017). "DeepSD". Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. pp. 1663–1672. doi:10.1145/3097983.3098004. ISBN 9781450348874. S2CID 13205911.