# Biographers International Organization

Biographers International Organization (BIO) is an international, non-profit, 501 (c)(3) organization founded to promote the art and craft of biography, and to further the professional interests of its practitioners. The organization was founded in 2010 by a committee of noted biographers, led by James McGrath Morris, who served as BIO's first Executive Director. The president of BIO as of 2019 is Linda Leavell. The executive director as of 2020 is Michael Gately.
Each year, the organization presents its highest award, the BIO Award, to an individual who has made notable contributions to advancing the art and craft of biography. BIO's annual Plutarch Award is given to the best biography of the year – as judged by biographers.

## Mission

BIO aims to promote the art and craft of biography, cultivate a diverse community of biographers, encourage public interest in biography, and provide educational and fellowship opportunities that support the work of biographers worldwide.
BIO fulfills its mission by:
* hosting the annual BIO Conference which presents inspiring speakers, opportunities for networking, and instruction about researching, writing, publishing, and marketing biographical work
* hosting additional in-person and online events that encourage biographers to learn from and engage with one another
* publishing a monthly members' newsletter, The Biographer's Craft, which includes news, in-depth features, and advice pertaining to biography
* supporting aspiring and practicing biographers with prizes and fellowships
* honoring outstanding biographers, editors, and librarians with awards
* offering a coaching program in which members receive personalized advice from experienced biographers
* publishing a quarterly newsletter to inform the media and publishing world about BIO's activities and general news related to biography

## History

BIO was granted its corporate charter on May 26, 2010, as a 501 (c) 6. On December 27, 2019, BIO became a 501 (c) 3.
BIO grew from the vision of biographer James McGrath Morris, creator and editor of The Biographer's Craft newsletter. In July 2008, Morris wrote an open letter to biographers, from which a grass-roots organization of practicing and apprentice biographers began to emerge. On March 26, 2009, the first formal organizing meeting took place at the Leon Levy Center for Biography at CUNY, and a temporary 15-member founding committee was formed to function as an Interim Board of Directors.
In February 2010, the Interim Board announced the formation of an Advisory Council composed of leading and noted biographers and agents. The current Advisory Council includes Debby Applegate, Taylor Branch, Robert Caro, Ron Chernow, Tim Duggan, John A. Farrell, Michael Holroyd, Peniel Joseph, Hermione Lee, Andrew Lownie, Megan Marshall, John Matteson, Jon Meacham, Marion Meade, Candice Millard, James McGrath Morris, Andrew Morton, Arnold Rampersad, Hans Renders, Stacy Schiff, Martin J. Sherwin, Gayfryd Steinberg, Will Swift, William Taubman, Terry Teachout, and Claire Tomalin.
BIO convened its first conference in May 2010, at the University of Massachusetts Boston. It has since held its conference annually, at various locations in the United States, including Washington, D.C., New York City, and Los Angeles.

## Awards

Each year, BIO presents several awards to honor biographers, editors, librarians and archivists, and their work.
* BIO Award: Since 2010, the BIO Award has been presented to an individual who has "made a significant contribution to the art and craft of biography."
* Biblio Award: Created in 2012, the Biblio Award is presented to an outstanding librarian or archivist. Awardees are selected by the BIO Board of Directors, from nominations submitted by BIO members.
* Editorial Excellence: Beginning in 2014, the BIO Award for Editorial Excellence has been presented to an outstanding editor of biography.
* Frances "Frank" Rollin Fellowship for African American Biography: Established in 2020, the annual Rollin Fellowship is named for Frances Rollin Whipper, the first known African American biographer, and is awarded to promote biographies of African American lives.
* Hazel Rowley Prize: Starting in 2014, the Rowley Prize is awarded annually for the best proposal by a first-time biographer. Winners receive a cash prize and the winning proposal is reviewed by an established literary agent.
* Plutarch Award: Since 2013, the Plutarch Award has been selected by vote and presented for the best biography of the year. The Plutarch is named for the Greek historian who is credited as the father of biography.
* Robert and Ina Caro Travel/Research Fellowship: In 2017 BIO established an annual research and travel fellowship to support the travel of one or two biographers. The Fellowship is named in honor of Robert Caro and Ina Caro, whose work demonstrates the crucial importance of a sense of place in delineating character.
| Year | BIO Award | Biblio Award | Plutarch Award | Editorial Excellence |
| 2010 | Jean Strouse | | | |
| 2011 | Robert Caro | | | |
| 2012 | Arnold Rampersad | Edward Comstock, University of Southern California | | |
| 2013 | Ron Chernow | David Smith, New York Public Library | Robert Caro, The Passage of Power | |
| 2014 | Stacy Schiff | Wallace Dailey and Heather Cole, Curators Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Harvard University | Linda Leavell, Holding On Upside Down: The Life and Work of Marianne Moore | Robert Gottlieb |
| 2015 | Taylor Branch | Thomas Mann, Library of Congress | Hermione Lee, Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life | Jonathan Segal |
| 2016 | Claire Tomalin | Dave Grabarek, Library of Virginia | Rosemary Sullivan, Stalin’s Daughter: The Extraordinary and Tumultuous Life of Svetlana Alliluyeva | Nan A. Talese |
| 2017 | Candice Millard | Karen Alder Abramson & Staff John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum | Ruth Franklin, Shirley Jackson: A Rather Haunted Life | Robert Weil |
| 2018 | Richard Holmes | Michael T. Ryan, VP & Director Patricia J. Klingenstein Library, New-York Historical Society | Caroline Fraser, Prairie Fires: The American Dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder | Tim Duggan |
| 2019 | James McGrath Morris | Nancy Kuhl, Curator of Poetry Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Library | David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom | Ileene Smith |
| 2020 | Hermione Lee | (No award presented due to COVID-19) | Sonia Purnell, A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II | Gayatri Patnaik |
| 2021 | David Levering Lewis | Jeff Flannery, Reference and Reader Services Section in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress | A. N. Wilson, The Mystery of Charles Dickens | Bob Bender |
| 2022 | Megan Marshall | Claudia Anderson, The LBJ Presidential Library | Frances Wilson, Burning Man: The Trials of D. H. Lawrence. | Gerald Howard |
| 2023 | Kitty Kelley | David Ferriero, Archivist of the United States | Jennifer Homans, Mr. B: George Balanchine’s 20th Century. | Michael Korda |
| 2024 | Kai Bird | Stephen Enniss, Harry Ransom Center | Yepoka Yeebo, Anansi’s Gold: The Man Who Looted the West, Outfoxed Washington, and Swindled the World. | |

## Publications

The Biographer's Craft is a monthly online newsletter that active BIO members receive as part of their membership. TBC features original, non-fiction articles of general interest to biographers, writers, and readers of biography. Regular features include interviews with notable biographers, and a listing of biographies sold to publishers, as well as biographies published each month. BIO also publishes a quarterly online newsletter that promotes biography and the organization to members of the publishing community.
The current editor of The Biographer's Craft is Holly Van Leuven.

## Leadership

At the first conference in Boston on May 15, 2010, Nigel Hamilton was chosen to assume the presidency, succeeding Debby Applegate, who had served as interim president. Charles J. Shields was elected vice president, and eleven others were selected to serve one- to two-year terms on the board. In its first actions, the board selected James McGrath Morris to serve as executive director.
Since 2010, BIO's president and vice president have been elected biennially by BIO members. Its Board of Directors are broken into two groups, each of which are also elected biennially. The current Board is composed of 15 members, including the president and vice president.
| Term | President | Vice President |
| 2009 | Debby Applegate (interim) | None |
| 2010–2012 | Nigel Hamilton | Charles J. Shields |
| 2012–2014 | James McGrath Morris | Brian Jay Jones |
| 2014–2016 | Brian Jay Jones | Cathy Curtis |
| 2016–2018 | Will Swift | Deirdre David |
| 2018–2019 | Cathy Curtis | Deirdre David |
| 2019–2020 | Linda Leavell | Karin Roffman |
| 2020–2021 | Linda Leavell | Sarah S. Kilborne |

## Membership

BIO offers varying levels of membership, depending on a member's professional status. BIO is open to professional, amateur, and aspiring biographers and documentarians around the world, and also permits membership for readers of biography, students and corporations.

## Notable Members

* Debby Applegate (2007 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for The Most Famous Man in America: The Biography of Henry Ward Beecher)
* Robert Caro (1975 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for The Power Broker; 2002 National Book Award, 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson)
* Ron Chernow (2011 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for Washington: A Life, 1990 National Book Award for The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance)
* Nigel Hamilton (Whitbread Award for Biography, Templar Medal for Military History for Monty, official three-volume biography of Field Marshal Montgomery)
* David Levering Lewis (1994 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for W. E. B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868-1919, 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for W. E. B. Du Bois, 1919-1963: The Fight for Equality and the American Century)
* Megan Marshall (2006 Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, for The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism, 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, for Margaret Fuller: A New American Life)
* Arnold Rampersad (1986 Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, for Volume I of Life of Langston Hughes, 2007 Finalist for the National Book Award, for Ralph Ellison: A Biography)
* Stacy Schiff (2000 Pulitzer Prize for Biography, for Vera: Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov)