OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw

The men's hammer throw was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second time the event was held. The competition was held on Monday, August 29, 1904. Six athletes from the United States competed. John Flanagan, the reigning champion, defended his gold medal and set a new Olympic record. John DeWitt took silver and Ralph Rose bronze. It was the second consecutive medal sweep for the United States in the event. Flanagan was the first man to earn multiple medals in the event; he would finish with three consecutive victories, a record not matched by anyone in the hammer throw.

## Background

This was the second appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1896. John Flanagan was the defending Olympic champion and had won at least 10 national titles across Great Britain, Ireland, and the United States; he was a heavy favorite. John DeWitt was a four-time IC4A champion. Ralph Rose was best known as a shot putter, but had been rumored to have thrown a monstrous 190 feet (57.9 metres). The lack of international competition meant that Great Britain's two-time AAA champion Tom Nicolson was absent. Also not competing was American Alfred Plaw, who had beaten Flanagan to win the AAU championship in 1904.

## Competition format

The format of the competition is unclear. The throwing area was a seven-foot circle.

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1904 Summer Olympics.
| World record | John Flanagan (USA) | 52.71$^*$ | New York City, United States | 31 July 1904 |
| Olympic record | John Flanagan (USA) | 51.01 | Paris, France | 16 July 1900 |
$^*$ unofficial - The IAAF didn't begin to recognize World Records in this event until 1912.
John Flanagan bettered the only Olympic record with 51.23 meters.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| Monday, 29 August 1904 | | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Distance | Notes |
| | John Flanagan | United States | 51.23 | OR |
| | John DeWitt | United States | 50.26 | |
| | Ralph Rose | United States | 45.73 | |
| 4 | Charles Chadwick | United States | 42.78 | |
| 5 | James Mitchel | United States | Unknown | |
| 6 | Albert Johnson | United States | Unknown | |
# Java Evolutionary Computation Toolkit

ECJ is a freeware evolutionary computation research system written in Java. It is a framework that supports a variety of evolutionary computation techniques, such as genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolution strategies, coevolution, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution. The framework models iterative evolutionary processes using a series of pipelines arranged to connect one or more subpopulations of individuals with selection, breeding (such as crossover, and mutation operators that produce new individuals. The framework is open source and is distributed under the Academic Free License. ECJ was created by Sean Luke, a computer science professor at George Mason University, and is maintained by Sean Luke and a variety of contributors.
Features (listed from ECJ's project page):
General Features:
* GUI with charting
* Platform-independent checkpointing and logging
* Hierarchical parameter files
* Multithreading
* Mersenne Twister Random Number Generators
* Abstractions for implementing a variety of EC forms.
EC Features:
* Asynchronous island models over TCP/IP
* Master/Slave evaluation over multiple processors
* Genetic Algorithms/Programming style Steady State and Generational evolution, with or without Elitism
* Evolutionary-Strategies style (mu, lambda) and (mu+lambda) evolution
* Very flexible breeding architecture
* Many selection operators
* Multiple subpopulations and species
* Inter-subpopulation exchanges
* Reading populations from files
* Single- and Multi-population coevolution
* SPEA2 multiobjective optimization
* Particle Swarm Optimization
* Differential Evolution
* Spatially embedded evolutionary algorithms
* Hooks for other multiobjective optimization methods
* Packages for parsimony pressure
GP Tree Representations:
* Set-based Strongly Typed Genetic Programming
* Ephemeral Random Constants
* Automatically Defined Functions and Automatically Defined Macros
* Multiple tree forests
* Six tree-creation algorithms
* Extensive set of GP breeding operators
* Seven pre-done GP application problem domains (ant, regression, multiplexer, lawnmower, parity, two-box, edge)
Vector (GA/ES) Representations:
* Fixed-Length and Variable-Length Genomes
* Arbitrary representations
* Five pre-done vector application problem domains (sum, rosenbrock, sphere, step, noisy-quartic)
Other Representations:
* NEAT
* Multiset-based genomes in the rule package, for evolving Pitt-approach rulesets or other set-based representations.
# Brian Donovan

Brian Donovan may refer to:
* Brian O'Donovan, TV journalist
* Brian Donovan (actor), American voice actor
* Brian Donovan (journalist) (died 2018), American journalist
# 1999 Kvalserien

The 1999 Kvalserien was the 25th edition of the Kvalserien. It determined two teams of the participating ones would play in the 1999–2000 Elitserien season and which four teams would play in the 1999–2000 Allsvenskan season.

## Tournament

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1. | Linköpings HC | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 39 | 18 | 16 |
| 2. | Västerås IK | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 36 | 23 | 14 |
| 3. | Mora IK | 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 33 | 26 | 11 |
| 4. | Södertälje SK | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 16 | 23 | 9 |
| 5. | IF Troja-Ljungby | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 20 | 28 | 5 |
| 6. | IF Björklöven | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 19 | 45 | 5 |
# Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metres T52

The T52 category is for wheelchair athletes with damage to spinal cord in the higher parts of the back, substantially impaired or no trunk function, and minimal or no leg function. Pushing power comes from elbow extensions, and appears close to normal except for use of modified gloves to compensate for grip.
The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metres T52 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 9–10 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

## Heats
### Heat 1

10:21 9 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Bib | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 6 | 2359 | Gianfranco Iannotta | United States | 17.20 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | 2053 | Mario Trindade | Portugal | 17.94 | Q |
| 3 | 8 | 2176 | Beat Boesch | Switzerland | 17.94 | Q |
| 4 | 7 | 1309 | Cristian Torres | Colombia | 18.23 | q |
| 5 | 3 | 2135 | Farhan Adawe | Somalia | 18.49 | |
| 6 | 4 | 1745 | Hirokazu Ueyonabaru | Japan | 19.35 | |
| 7 | 5 | 1827 | Kestutis Skucas | Lithuania | 21.03 | |

### Heat 2

10:27 9 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Bib | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 8 | 2363 | Raymond Martin | United States | 17.27 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | 1876 | Salvador Hernandez Mondragon | Mexico | 17.80 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | 1058 | Sam McIntosh | Australia | 17.92 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | 2370 | Josh Roberts | United States | 18.41 | q |
| 5 | 7 | 2231 | Pichaya Kurattanasiri | Thailand | 19.18 | |
| 6 | 5 | 1074 | Thomas Geierspichler | Austria | 19.82 | |
| 7 | 2 | 2001 | Jerrold Pete Mangliwan | Philippines | 20.04 | |

## Final

10:48 10 September 2016:
| Rank | Lane | Bib | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 6 | 2359 | Gianfranco Iannotta | United States | 17.17 |
| | 5 | 2363 | Raymond Martin | United States | 17.25 |
| | 3 | 1876 | Salvador Hernandez Mondragon | Mexico | 17.69 |
| 4 | 8 | 1058 | Sam McIntosh | Australia | 18.13 |
| 5 | 7 | 2176 | Beat Boesch | Switzerland | 18.19 |
| 6 | 4 | 2053 | Mario Trindade | Portugal | 18.19 |
| 7 | 2 | 1309 | Cristian Torres | Colombia | 18.33 |
| 8 | 1 | 2370 | Josh Roberts | United States | 18.39 |
# Irwin Jacobs

Irwin Jacobs may refer to:
* Irwin M. Jacobs (born 1933), co-founder and former chairman and chief executive officer of Qualcomm
* Irwin L. Jacobs (1941–2019), Minneapolis-based investor and chairman of Genmar Holdings
# Brazil, Bossa Nova & Blues

Brazil, Bossa Nova & Blues (also released as Brazil Blues and Jazz Impressions of Brazil) is an album by American jazz flautist Herbie Mann recorded in 1962 for the United Artists label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars stating "A slightly expanded version of flutist Herbie Mann's 1961-62 group performs African-, Cuban- and Brazilian-influenced jazz on this appealing LP".

## Track listing

All compositions by Herbie Mann except as indicated
* "Brazil" (Ary Barroso) - 4:40
* "Copacabana" - 6:55
* "Minha Saudade" (João Gilberto, João Donato) - 5:12
* "B. N. Blues" - 2:50
* "One Note Samba" (Antônio Carlos Jobim, Newton Mendonça) - 4:26
* "Me Faz Recordar" (Bill Salter) - 7:55

## Personnel

* Herbie Mann - flute
* Hagood Hardy - vibraphone
* Billy Bean - guitar
* Bill Salter - bass
* Willie Bobo - drums
* Carlos "Patato" Valdes - congas
* Carmen Costa - maracas
* José de Paula - tambourine
# 2003 Universiade

2003 Universiade may refer to:
* 2003 Summer Universiade
* 2003 Winter Universiade
# 2006 Campeón de Campeones

The 2006 Campeon de Campeones was the 41st edition of this Mexican Super Cup football two leg match played by:
* Apertura 2005: Toluca
* Clausura 2006: Pachuca

## Match details

* Campeon de Campeones 2006 Winners
* Toluca 4th Title
# Nibe

Nibe is a town with a population of 5,604 (1 January 2024), located in Region North Jutland on the Jutland Peninsula in northern Denmark. The town is located in a geographic region known as Himmerland. Nibe was the site of the municipal council of Nibe Municipality. The town is known for hosting an annual music festival called Nibe festival, where big musicians such as Katy Perry, Bryan Adams and Volbeat have performed.

## Notable people

* Jens Peter Dahl-Jensen (1874 in Nibe – 1960) a Danish sculptor
* Otto Fog-Petersen (1914 in Nibe - 2003) a journalist, editor-in-chief of Berlingske Aftenavis
* Louis Jensen (born 1943 in Nibe) an author of flash fiction, metafiction, prose poetry and magical realism
* Ole Thestrup (1948–2018) a Danish actor
* Ole Henriksen (born 1951 in Nibe) a skin cosmetician and manufacturer of skin care products on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, California
* Marie Askehave (born 1973 in Nibe) a Danish actress and singer

### Sport

* Jørn Sørensen (born 1936 in Nibe) a retired football striker, played 31 games and scored six goals for Denmark
* Per Gade (born 1977 in Nibe) a former Danish football player, 126 club caps with AC Horsens
# Nexus of contracts

The nexus of contracts theory is an idea put forth by a number of economists and legal commentators (most notably Michael Jensen and William Meckling as well as Frank Easterbrook) which asserts that corporations are a collection of contracts between different parties – primarily shareholders, directors, employees, suppliers, and customers. It has replaced the legal theory of the corporation.
Proponents of this theory contend that all disputes about the obligations of a particular corporation should be settled by resort to the methods used to interpret contracts, and that courts should not imply the existence of fiduciary duties on behalf of corporate officers and directors. Alternatively, the nexus of contracts theory can also be viewed as a method of enhancing corporate plausible deniability, insofar as it is a way of "passing the buck" down a chain of contractual obligations and losing all semblance of responsibility in the "nexus." This can pose a practical loophole for corporate entities, a theoretical strength for those wishing to forward corporate ideology, and a legal problem for those who wish to take corporate entities to court. Another strength of this theory of the firm is a firm begins to transcend border and defy simple classification when it is really intertwined by its contracts into a number of different countries and with a number of different stakeholders.
# Bonaventure Luo Juan

Bonaventure Luo Juan (Chinese: 雒隽; pinyin: Luò Juàn; 23 December 1917 – 15 March 2007) was a Chinese Catholic priest and bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shuozhou from 1990 to 2007.

## Biography

Luo was born in Shuozhou, Shanxi, on 23 December 1917. He was ordained a priest in 1944. He worked in a number of local churches before he was engaged in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lanzhou in the province of Gansu.
After the founding of the Communist State in 1949, Luo returned to his village and worked as a farmer. In 1954, he started studies in Fenyang and then worked in a hospital. He became a priest in Nanguan in 1986. Next to his usual priesthood, Luo opened an Ophthalmology Department the same year. When he was young, he had learned ophthalmology from German missionaries.
He was consecrated as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shuozhou on 8 July 1990.
After breaking the leg bone in the middle of January 2007, Luo underwent surgery on February 8 with satisfactory results. However, he suffered from renal failure and heart and lung weakness. He was discharged from the hospital on March 4 and returned to the main church to recuperate until he died on the afternoon of March 25.
# India at the 2019 Military World Games

India competed at the 2019 Military World Games in Wuhan from 18 to 27 October 2019. It sent a delegation consisting of 54 athletes competing in nine sports for the event.

## Participants

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Archery | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Diving | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Modern pentathlon | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Boxing | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Artistic gymnastics | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Wrestling | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Tennis | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Track and field | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| Shooting | 8 | 0 | 8 |
Source Archived 2020-01-21 at the Wayback Machine

### Medal by sports

Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Athletics | 1+5 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Shooting | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Shooting | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Tennis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
5 para athletics gold and one bronze tennis not counted at medal table because of demonstration sports.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Shivpal Singh | Track and field | men's javelin throw |
| Silver | DEEPAK | Boxing | |
| Bronze | CHIRAG | Boxing | |
| Bronze | Gurpreet Singh | Shooting | men's 25m center fire pistol |
| Gold | ANEESH KUMAR SURENDRAN PILLAI | Track and field | |
| Gold | VIRENDER | Track and field | |
| Gold | Anandan Gunasekaran | Track and field | men's disabled 100m |
| Gold | Anandan Gunasekaran | Track and field | men's disabled 200m |
| Gold | Anandan Gunasekaran | Track and field | men's disabled 400m |
| Bronze | Sriram Balaji | Tennis | men's singles |
# Indochinese roller

The Indochinese roller (Coracias affinis) or Burmese roller, is a member of the roller bird family. It occurs widely from Nepal, eastern India to Myanmar and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

## Taxonomy

The Indochinese roller was formally described in 1840 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield under the binomial name Coracias affinis based on specimens that had been collected in Assam by the naturalist John McClelland. The specific epithet affinis is from Latin adfinis or affinis meaning "related" or "allied".
McClelland has sometimes been credited as the authority but under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Horsfield now receives the credit. The Indochinese roller was formerly considered as a subspecies of the Indian roller because of a narrow hybrid zone in northeast India but a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that the Indochinese roller was more closely related to the purple-winged roller (Coracias temminckii) than it is to the Indian roller. The Indochinese roller is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
The phylogenetic relationships among the Coracias species are shown below, from the molecular study by Johansson et al. (2018)

## Description

It is a stocky bird. The crown and vent are blue. The primaries are deep purplish blue with a band of pale blue. The tail is sky blue with a terminal band of Prussian blue and the central feathers are dull green. The neck and throat are purplish lilac with white shaft streaks. The bare patch around the eye is ochre in colour. The three forward toes are united at the base. Rollers have a long and compressed bill with a curved upper edge and a hooked tip. The nostril is long and exposed and there are long rictal bristles at the base of the bill. It has a purplish brown and unstreaked face and breast. It has underwing coverts in a deep shade of blue.

## Distribution and habitat

The Indochinese roller is distributed across Asia, from eastern India into Southeast Asia.
# Badamba, Odisha

Badamba is a town and Notified Area Council in Cuttack district in the Indian state of Odisha.
There are 138 villages in 38 (Gram Panchayats) under the Badamba Block. On 24 February 2024, the Government of Odisha upgraded Badamba village to be a NAC.
Badamba is a beautiful historical place located in the middle of Mahanadi River and the mountain ranges. There are many various natural tourist attraction spots along with the ancient temples that attract tourists from far and wide for their beauty and amazing legends.

## History

During the British Raj era, Baramba was the capital of Baramba State, one of several princely states of the Eastern States Agency.
The Bhattarika Temple, located in Sasanga village, Baramba, is believed to have been constructed between the 6th and the 16th century. The major festivals celebrated at this temple are Pana Sankranti in April, Akshaya Tritiya in May, and Dussehra in October.

## Politics

Badamba is part of the Baramba constituency, which includes Baramba block and Narasinghpur block.
# 2003 in webcomics

Notable events of 2003 in webcomics.

## Events

* Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of Penny Arcade founded Child's Play.

### Awards

* Web Cartoonist's Choice Awards, "Outstanding Comic" won by Justine Shaw's Nowhere Girl.
* Ignatz Awards, "Outstanding Online Comic" won by James Kochalka's American Elf.
* Justine Shaw's Nowhere Girl becomes the first webcomic to be nominated for an Eisner Award.

### Webcomics started

* January 1 — A Modest Destiny by Sean Howard
* February 1 — Dinosaur Comics by Ryan North
* February 7 — A Softer World by Joey Comeau and Emily Horne
* February 10 — Least I Could Do by Ryan Sohmer and Lar DeSouza
* February — Idiot Box by Matt Bors
* March — Digger by Ursula Vernon
* April 6 — Girly by Jackie Lesnick
* April 20 — No Rest for the Wicked by Andrea L. Peterson
* May 6 — Station V3 by Tom Truszkowski
* May — Wondermark by David Malki
* June 11 — Count Your Sheep by Adrian 'Adis' Ramos
* June 30 — Badmash by Sandeep Sood, Nimesh Patel, and Sanjay Shah
* June 30 — The Right Number by Scott McCloud
* July 13 — Zap! by Chris Layfield and Pascalle Lepas
* August 2 — Questionable Content by Jeph Jacques
* August 4 — Loxie & Zoot by Stephen Crowley
* September 25 —The Order of the Stick by Rich Burlew
* September — Smithson by Shaenon K. Garrity et al.
* October 22 — Twisted Kaiju Theater by Shin Goji
* October 22 — Twokinds by Tom Fischbach
* October 31 — y2cl by J Horsley III
* Anima: Age of the Robots by Johnny Tay
* El Listo by Xavier Àgueda
* Hetalia: Axis Powers by Hidekaz Himaruya
* Inverloch by Sarah Ellerton
* Is This Tomorrow? by Kelly Shane and Woody Compton
* Li'l Mell and Sergio by Shaenon K. Garrity et al.
* Unspeakable Vault (Of Doom) by François Launet

### Webcomics ended

* Leisure Town by Tristan A. Farnon, 1997 – 2003
* Makeshift Miracle by Jim Zubkavich, September 10, 2001 – March 4, 2003
* Zombie and Mummy by Olia Lialina and Dragan Espenschied, 2001 – 2003
# Ngwalwa HQ

Ngwalwa HQ, which is now called as Pedi, is a village in the Peren district of Nagaland, India. It is located in the Ngwalwa Circle.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Ngwalwa HQ has 117 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 91.42%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 532 | 268 | 264 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 89 | 51 | 38 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 470 | 234 | 236 |
| Literates | 405 | 202 | 203 |
| Workers (all) | 406 | 204 | 202 |
| Main workers (total) | 240 | 121 | 119 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 87 | 66 | 21 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 101 | 17 | 84 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 11 | 5 | 6 |
| Main workers: Other | 41 | 33 | 8 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 166 | 83 | 83 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 32 | 20 | 12 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 94 | 41 | 53 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 36 | 19 | 17 |
| Non-workers | 126 | 64 | 62 |
# Nicolson Calvert (died 1793)

Nicolson Calvert (c. 1724 – 4 May 1793) was an English politician.
He was the oldest surviving son of Felix Calvert of Furneaux Pelham in Hertfordshire. His mother Christian was the daughter of Josiah Nicolson, a brewer from Clapham. He was educated at Bury St Edmunds Grammar School and at Trinity College, Cambridge.
He owned Hunsdon House in Hertfordshire, which he inherited from his grandfather Felix Calvert.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Tewkesbury from 1754 to 1774.
He married Rebecca, the daughter of the Rev. John Goodwin, rector of Clapham, Surrey, but had no children. They lived at Hunsdon House, which his widow rebuilt after his death.
# Nicole Webster

Professor Nicole Webster is an Australian marine scientist who is the Executive Director for the Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania.

## Early life

Nicole Webster gained an undergraduate degree and PhD in marine biology at James Cook University. Professor Webster's research discovered that sponge-microbial associations are fairly uniform throughout large geographic zones and highlighted the specificity of this partnership. She also discovered that the breakdown of this symbiosis may be a good indicator of environmental stress.

## Career

Webster conducted postdoctoral research in Antarctica through the University of Canterbury and Gateway Antarctica. Her research analyzed how microbe symbiosis can be biologically indicative of environmental strain in Antarctic marine ecosystems and also examined how microorganisms trigger the settlement and metamorphosis of coral reef invertebrates.
Webster became a research scientist at the Australian Institute for Marine Science (AIMS) and Principal Research Fellow at the Australian Centre for Ecogenomics located at the University of Queensland. In 2024, she is an Honorary Professor at UQ in the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences.
In 2021, Webster was appointed Chief Scientist for the Australian Antarctic Division, succeeding Gwen Fenton. As such, she took part in the 2022 Australian Antarctic Division Science Symposium in Canberra, speaking on climate science, the Southern Ocean and new technology, as well as the 2023 New Zealand/ Australia Antarctic Science Conference in Christchurch, where she spoke on joint research. She also oversaw two drilling operations in the Antarctic plateau.
In 2024, she was ranked as the number one Australian Antarctic Division scientist.
In January 2024, she was appointed as Executive Director for the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania. She is also part of the committee for the Centre for Marine Socioecology in Hobart.

## Awards

* 2010 Dorothy Hill Medal
# Nicrophorus scrutator

Nicrophorus scrutator is a burying beetle described by Émile Blanchard in 1842. It occurs in South America, with records from Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina.