OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johan Hjalmar Théel

Johan Hjalmar Théel (14 June 1848 – 20 July 1937) was a Swedish zoologist and university professor.

## Early life

Théel was born on 14 June 1848 in Säter, Sweden. He used to go on hunting trips along the coast of Norway in his youth and became fascinated by the plants and animals he encountered, especially the marine life. He met the zoologist Sven Ludvig Lovén who sparked his interest in sipunculid or peanut worms, especially the genus Phascolion. He studied at Uppsala University and Phascolion was the subject for his thesis, written in 1875. He was also an artist and included his own illustrations in his published articles. In 1875, he accompanied the explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld to the mouth of the Yenisei River in an attempt to find the Northeast Passage. He joined him on a similar voyage the following year and discovered a sea cucumber new to science, which he named Elpidia glacialis. He was inducted into the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1884.

## Career

Théel became a lecturer at Uppsala University and was appointed professor of zoology in 1889. He was curator of the invertebrate department of the Swedish Museum of Natural History from 1892 to 1916 and was involved in cataloguing the large collection of northern and Arctic marine invertebrates. He also became director of the Kristinebergs Zoological Station at Fiskebäckskil in 1892, remaining in this post until 1908.
Théel was asked to classify the sea cucumbers, class Holothuroidea, that had been collected during the Challenger expedition, a British scientific expedition that investigated the deep sea and its fauna. He published his findings in the "Report on the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of HMS Challenger 1873–76". His report came in two parts. The first (1881) deals with the order Elasipodida and is fundamental to the knowledge of this group, and the second (1885) covers other holothurians. Théel died on 20 July 1937 in Stockholm, Sweden.
# James Whipple

James Ray Whipple (October 19, 1873 – November 7, 1914) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of California, Berkeley from 1902 to 1903 and at Hillsdale College in Hillsdale, Michigan in 1907, compiling a career college football coaching record of 18–3–2 .

## Playing career

Whipple attended the University of California, Berkeley and graduated in the class of 1900. He also played on the football team, captaining the team in 1899. During that season, Whipple was banned from playing a match held on Thanksgiving Day due to his academic deficiencies. Whipple however defied the order and participated in the match anyway, and was suspended on December 9, 1899 until January of the New Year.

## Coaching career
### California

Whipple was the head coach of the California football team from 1902 to 1903.

### Hillsdale

Whipple was the head football coach at Hillsdale College in Hillsdale, Michigan. He held that position for the 1907 season. His coaching record at Hillsdale was 4–2.

## Personal life

On May 19, 1898, Whipple married Laura M. Thane. His wife, Laura Thane Whipple was the real estate agent that helped orchestrate the purchase of Moffett Field by the US Navy by 1931.
He later worked in the mining profession in Alaska following his graduation from university. He died on November 7, 1914.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| California Golden Bears (Independent) (1902–1903) ||||||
| 1902 | California | 8–0 |
| 1903 | California | 6–1–2 |
| California: | California: | 14–1–2 |
| Hillsdale Dales (Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1907) ||||||
| 1907 | Hillsdale | 4–2 |
| Hillsdale: | Hillsdale: | 4–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 18–3–2 |
# Pochade

A pochade (from French poche, pocket) is a type of sketch used in painting. As opposed to a croquis, which is line art, a pochade captures the colors and atmosphere of a scene.
Generally, pochades use a small, portable format. Robert Henri and James Wilson Morrice, for example, painted such sketches on small wood panels that would fit in a coat pocket along with oil paint tubes. Others artists, such as landscape painter John Constable, made pochades the size of the intended painting. The French artist Alphonse Chigot produced a series of pochades of the towns people of Valenciennes that he sold from his studio which were later collected and published in two volumes.
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# José Cerviño Cerviño

José Cerviño Cerviño, (August 21, 1920 – April 18, 2012) was a Spanish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
Cerviño was born in Aldán, Spain, and was ordained a priest on April 6, 1946, from the Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela. Cerviño was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela as well as titular bishop of Benepota on June 4, 1968, and ordained bishop on July 28, 1968. On November 8, 1976, Cerviño was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Tui-Vigo where he would serve until his retirement on June 7, 1996.
# Billy James Pettis

Billy James Pettis (1913 – 14 April 1979), was an American mathematician, known for his contributions to functional analysis.
# Billy James (publicist)

Billy James is an American publicist and talent scout, best known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s discovering and developing musical talent for record companies such as Columbia, Elektra, and RCA Records.
As a young publicist for Columbia, James became Bob Dylan's emissary at the label and was reportedly one of the only "suits" Dylan trusted; he conducted for CBS the earliest available taped interview with Dylan, of which a fragment is available.
Sent to the West Coast, James found himself in the middle of the West Coast music scene. He wrote liner notes for The Byrds' first album, Mr. Tambourine Man, and brought artists such as The Doors and Jackson Browne to the attention of Elektra Records. In 1966, he managed the folk singer Penny Nichols, who was hired by The Sandpipers, but sang with them on just one concert at San Diego.
James was respected by artists and his peers for his humor, irreverence, intelligence and integrity in an industry that rarely fostered the latter.
By the early 1980s, James left the record business and worked for a time as an advocate for songwriters at the National Academy of Songwriters and as a board member for the local chapter of NARAS. In the 1990s, James worked as publicist in the high-tech world.
In 2016, James' 2013 interview was featured in Danny Says alongside Danny Fields, Iggy Pop & Alice Cooper.
Semi-retired, he lives with his wife and family in Redwood City, California.
# Puilo

Puilo is a village in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Khawzawl R.D. Block.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Puilo has 96 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 96.92%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 474 | 265 | 209 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 84 | 52 | 32 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 473 | 264 | 209 |
| Literates | 378 | 205 | 173 |
| Workers (all) | 271 | 148 | 123 |
| Main workers (total) | 271 | 148 | 123 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 259 | 137 | 122 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 12 | 11 | 1 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-workers | 203 | 117 | 86 |
# Persio Flacco Theater

The Persio Flacco is an active opera and theater stage in Volterra, Italy.

## History

Volterra still lacked a proper indoor performance stage in the early nineteenth century. In 1816 a group of citizens, including cavaliere Bartolommeo Falchi, cavaliere Mario Maffei, Luigi Ducci, Francesco Cinci, and Luigi Campani, commissioned the architect Luigi Campani (an architect of the Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany). The theater was erected on the site of the palazzo belonging to Marchesi Incontri. Work began in 1816 and the theater was inaugurated in 1820.

### Description

The main curtain (sipario) was painted by Nicola Contestabili, who represented Aulus Persius Flaccus, a Roman satirist and playwright born in Volterra, being led by the muses to the summit of Parnassus, ruled by Apollo. This gave the theater its final name. The ceiling over the seats was painted with Venus in a chariot drawn by swans, and the parapets, with cupids, garlands and vignettes, harmonizing with the curtain. All these beautiful decorations were lost with subsequent restorations.

### Ongoing care

In 1820, a group of 60 prominent citizens formed the Academy of the Riuniti (of the reunited), and purchased the entire theater, assigning to each member property of the individual boxes and seats, and this organization has continuously maintained that theatrical activity.
The theater was closed for physical repairs for 15 years, from 1984 to 1999, before the reopening, members donated their ownerships of seats and boxes to the academy. This availed them of funds to pursue reconstruction.

## Sources

* Theater website
* Guida di Volterra, Benedetto Sborgi, Tipografia Sborgi, 1903, pages 123-124
43°24′10″N 10°51′33″E﻿ / ﻿43.4028°N 10.8592°E﻿ / 43.4028; 10.8592
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# 2021 Lima Challenger II

The 2021 Lima Challenger II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Lima, Peru between 25 and 31 October 2021.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| BRA | Thiago Monteiro | 92 | 1 |
| ARG | Juan Manuel Cerúndolo | 102 | 2 |
| COL | Daniel Elahi Galán | 107 | 3 |
| ARG | Francisco Cerúndolo | 116 | 4 |
| ARG | Sebastián Báez | 124 | 5 |
| BRA | Thiago Seyboth Wild | 126 | 6 |
| BOL | Hugo Dellien | 128 | 7 |
| PER | Juan Pablo Varillas | 129 | 8 |
| ARG | Tomás Martín Etcheverry | 138 | 9 |
| CHI | Marcelo Tomás Barrios Vera | 145 | 10 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 18 October 2021.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Nicolás Álvarez
* Arklon Huertas del Pino
* Conner Huertas del Pino
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Gerald Melzer
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Peđa Krstin
* Orlando Luz
* Nicolás Mejía
* Gonçalo Oliveira
* Roberto Quiroz
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Hernán Casanova
* Alexandar Lazarov
* Jaroslav Pospíšil
* Gonzalo Villanueva
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Alexis Galarneau
* Cristian Rodríguez
* Jean Thirouin

## Champions
### Singles

* Nicolás Jarry def. Juan Manuel Cerúndolo 6–2, 7–5.

### Doubles

* Sergio Galdós / Gonçalo Oliveira def. Marcelo Tomás Barrios Vera / Alejandro Tabilo 6–2, 2–6, [10–5].
# Blendio

Blendio is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Sikasso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 369 square kilometers and includes the town and 13 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 18,207. The town of Blendio, the chef-lieu of the commune, is 81 km west-northwest of Sikasso.
# Bechem (disambiguation)

Bechem is a town in Ghana
Bechem may also refer to:
* Bechem United F.C., a Ghanaian football club
* Berekum Chelsea F.C., a Ghanaian football club formerly known as Bechem Chelsea Football Club
* Günther Bechem, (1921 – 2011) was a racing driver from Germany
# Juncus sect. Tenageia

Juncus sect. Tenageia is a section of small annual rushes.

## Species

* Juncus amuricus (Maxim.) V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.
* Juncus bufonius L.
* Juncus foliosus Desf.
* Juncus hybridus Brot.
* Juncus maroccanus Kirschner
* Juncus minutulus (Albert & Jahand.) Prain
* Juncus ranarius Songeon & E.P.Perrier
* Juncus rechingeri Snogerup
* Juncus sorrentinoi Parl.
* Juncus sphaerocarpus Nees
* Juncus tenageia Ehrh. ex L.f.
* --- Juncus tenageia subsp. tenageia Ehrh. ex L.f.
* --- Juncus tenageia subsp. perpusillus Fern.-Carv. & F.Navarro
* Juncus turkestanicus V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.

### Selected Synonyms

* Juncus ambiguus T.A.Cope & C.A.Stace Juncus ranarius
# Pike, New York (disambiguation)

Pike, New York is the name of two locations in Wyoming County, New York:
* Pike (hamlet), New York
* Pike (town), New York
# Birds Directive

The Birds Directive (formally known as Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds) is the oldest piece of EU legislation on the environment and one of its cornerstones which was unanimously adopted in April 1979 as the Directive 79/409/EEC. Amended in 2009, it became the Directive 2009/147/EC. It aims to protect all European wild birds and the habitats of listed species, in particular through the designation of Special Protection Areas (often known by the acronym SPA).
The Birds Directive is one of the EU's two directives in relation to wildlife and nature conservation, the other being the Habitats Directive. The Habitats Directive led to the setting up of a network of Special Areas of Conservation, which together with the existing Special Protection Areas form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000. In the UK the Directive is implemented by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
# Parcani, Prozor

Parcani is a village in the municipality of Prozor-Rama, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 17.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 16 | 94.1% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 5.9% |
| Total | 86 | 100% |
# Puimre

Pwj m Rˁ Puimre in hieroglyphs :
Era: New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC) :
Puimre, also spelled Puyemrê, was an ancient Egyptian noble, architect and Second Priest of Amun during the reign of Thutmose III of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Puia and Lady Nefer-iah, and had two wives: Tanefert and Sensonb. His wife Sensonb was the daughter of Puimre's superior, the High Priest of Amun Hapuseneb and his wife Amenhotep. Sensonb served in the temple of Amun as a Divine Adoratrice.
Puimre's tomb – namely TT39 – is located in El-Khokha, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. A damaged relief from the tomb contains an image of a cat and its name, "Nedjem", the earliest known individual cat name.
# Pilchaca District

Pilchaca District is one of nineteen districts of the province Huancavelica in Peru.

## Climate

Climate data for Pilchaca, elevation 3,586 m (11,765 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.8 (62.2) | 16.8 (62.2) | 17.6 (63.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 18.2 (64.8) | 18.1 (64.6) | 18.1 (64.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.2 (64.8) | 18.7 (65.7) | 17.9 (64.2) | 17.8 (64.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) | 5.7 (42.3) | 5.8 (42.4) | 5.2 (41.4) | 3.7 (38.7) | 2.4 (36.3) | 2.0 (35.6) | 2.8 (37.0) | 3.9 (39.0) | 4.8 (40.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | 5.4 (41.7) | 4.4 (39.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 120.2 (4.73) | 129.3 (5.09) | 96.9 (3.81) | 39.1 (1.54) | 15.8 (0.62) | 7.9 (0.31) | 11.2 (0.44) | 16.6 (0.65) | 36.1 (1.42) | 54.6 (2.15) | 56.7 (2.23) | 93.7 (3.69) | 678.1 (26.68) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru ||||||||||||||
# Perseverance Dam

Perseverance Creek Dam (also known as Perseverance Dam) is a reservoir in Crows Nest, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It creates Lake Perseverance which is the second largest (in terms of storage capacity) and the second oldest reservoir of Toowoomba city's three water supply dams. The other two storages used for Toowoomba are Cooby Dam and Cressbrook Dam which is located downstream of Perseverance.

## History

Construction of this dam commenced in 1962 and was completed in 1965. Perseverance dam is located approximately 35 km Northeast of Toowoomba on Perseverance Creek, which is a tributary of Cressbrook Creek.
On 4 February 1985, a Royal Australian Air Force Chinook helicopter crashed into the dam after striking a power line. The helicopter's pilot was killed, and the other three crew members were injured.

## Amenities

The dam has a lookout with views across the lake, picnic and barbeque facilities, playground, toilets, and walking tracks. Pets are not allowed. Water skiing and canoeing are possible through the Lake Perseverance Centre's activities program.
# Pilot Valley Playa (Nevada and Utah)

The Pilot Valley Playa is a playa and salt pan in Box Elder County, Utah and Elko County, Nevada that is a remnant of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. Located in northwestern Utah and northeastern Nevada, the Pilot Valley Playa varies from five to ten miles wide, and is thirty miles long, with an elevation just above 4200 feet. It is bordered by the Pilot Mountains to the west, and the Silver Island Mountains to the southeast.
Springs are located in the alluvial fans at the base of the Pilot Range, and no water flows from the Silver Island Mountains. Shallow groundwater (e.g., Bettridge Creek, with threatened Lahotan cutthroat trout) along the western edge of the playa varies from fresh water to brine over a distance of about 2,000 feet.

## Pilot-Thousand Springs Watershed

The Pilot Valley Playa gets very little precipitation, experiences extreme temperatures and high wind speeds.
The playa is within the Pilot-Thousand Springs Watershed (USGS Huc 16020307), a 1,780 sq mi (4,600 km$^2$) endorheic area.
# Oryctometopia

Oryctometopia is a genus of moths of the family Pyralidae.

## Species

* Oryctometopia fossulatella Ragonot, 1888
* Oryctometopia venezuelensis Amsel, 1956
# Blendija

Blendija is a village in the municipality of Sokobanja, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 352 people.
# Juncus subulatus

Juncus subulatus, called the Somerset rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Juncus, with a Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Central Asian distribution, and introduced to Great Britain. It typically grows in salt marshes.
# Parastegophilus

Parastegophilus is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Parastegophilus maculatus (Steindachner, 1879)
* Parastegophilus paulensis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
P. maculatus originates from the lower Paraná and Uruguay River basins in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, while P. paulensis is from the upper Paraná River basin in Brazil. Parastegophilus species grow to about 5.4–6.0 centimetres (2.1–2.4 inches) in length. P. maculatus enters the gill chamber of the catfish Luciopimelodus pati and feeds on the gills.
# Parcani, Soroca

Parcani is a commune in Soroca District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Parcani and Voloave.
# A Hole in Texas

A Hole In Texas is a novel by Herman Wouk. Published in 2004, the book describes the adventures of a high-energy physicist following the surprise announcement that a Chinese physicist (with whom he had a long-ago romance) had discovered the long-sought Higgs boson.
Parts of the plot are based on the aborted Superconducting Super Collider project.
Published by Little, Brown and Company, ISBN 0-316-52590-1.

## Literary significance and reception

Kirkus Reviews said that A Hole In Texas was "Ingenious. Absolutely ingenious." Publishers Weekly called it "Occasionally corny but also playful, thoughtful and passionate". The journal Science said that Wouk "accurately depicts science as an often interactive and collegial enterprise", and that the novel offers a "refreshing contrast with the treatments of mad scientists that are so abundant in literature and popular culture." The review in Nature had some criticism, saying that the "scientific explanations are pat and usually come in the form of long e-mails that bog down the plot", that the discussions of the Chinese people "verge on racism", and that the book's ending "falls flat".
# Brand Keys

Brand Keys is a brand research consultancy specializing in predictive consumer behavioral brand equity, loyalty, and engagement metrics. Brand Keys is headquartered in New York, NY and has offices in Dublin, Dubai, London, Madrid, Sydney, and Tokyo.

## Overview
### History

Robert Passikoff founded Brand Keys in 1984 and developed the consumer listening system to show measures of brand equity. The approach identifies what motivates, maintains, reinforces, and drives consideration, engagement, purchase behavior, and consumer loyalty.

### Methodologies

Research conducted by the Advertising Research Foundation indicated that the methodological framework utilized by Brand Keys is the most successful at predicting sales and subsequent changes in real-world consumer behavior. The Advertising Research Foundation also independently validated these assessments via their "First Opinion" Review.
# Perseverance (Rainhill Trials)

Perseverance was an early steam locomotive that took part in the Rainhill trials. Built by John Reed Hill of London and Timothy Burstall of Leith; the name of the locomotive was taken from "Persevere", Leith's town motto.
Perseverance was damaged on the way to the trials and Burstall spent the first five days trying to repair his locomotive. It ran on the sixth and final day of the trials but only achieved a speed of 6 mph (9.7 km/h). Burstall and Hill were awarded a consolation prize of £25.
Burstall and Hill used roller bearings for the axles, an important step in locomotive development. The design, adapted from a road-going steam coach, incorporated 2 cylinders, a vertical boiler and weighed 2.9 tons.
# José Torrubia

José Torrubia was born in 1698 in Spain, professed his vows as priest and as a Franciscan in 1714. He was also a naturalist (interested in Geology and palaeontology).
He volunteered for missionary service in the Philippines, arriving there in 1721. He traveled to Canton. His talents were recognized early and he moved rapidly into significant positions, most notably in 1734 when he was picked to represent the Philippine Franciscans in Spain and Rome.
After almost a decade in Spain, he had become embroiled with the Philippine Franciscans over disputed interpretations of his instructions as their representative.
He went to Mexico with Spanish Franciscans destined for the Philippines, but intuiting that his welcome there would be uncertain but probably hostile, he joined a Mexican group of Franciscans in 1745. The disputes engendered a small mountain of paper as the parties tried to convince the Spanish king, Charles III and the Pope, Benedict XIV of the validity of their competing claims and charges. At one point Torrubia was jailed in Cuba, but ultimately Spanish royal officials, ecclesiastical authorities, and even the Franciscans in Spain and Rome absolved him of all fault and dismissed the charges brought by the Philippine Franciscans. He went on to hold important positions in Rome, dying there in 1761 with a significant body of published work to his credit.

## Honours

In 1825, botanist Vell. published Torrubia (a flowering plant in the family Nyctaginaceae) but it was later classed as a synonym of Guapira. Then in 1885 mycologist, Jean Louis Émile Boudier published Torrubiella, which is a genus of fungi in the family Cordycipitaceae and also named after Jose.
# Oryctolaelaps

Oryctolaelaps is a genus of mites in the family Laelapidae.

## Species

* Oryctolaelaps bibikovae Lange, in Bregetova et al., 1955