OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Botany Bay, Derbyshire

Botany Bay is a small hamlet in south Derbyshire near Linton and Coton in the Elms in the National Forest (grid reference SK259154). The appropriate civil parish is Rosliston.

## Toponymy

Unlike the nearby town of Melbourne, Botany Bay does not appear to have a common source with its better known Australian namesake. While Botany Bay in New South Wales was named for the quantity of botanical specimens found there, the history of the naming of the Derbyshire hamlet is unclear. The name is also attached to a farm and a small lake in the area.

## Landlocked

Despite the maritime reference in the hamlet's name, the Ordnance Survey have calculated that a point near Botany Bay, at Coton in the Elms, is the furthest point from the English coastline. The low water line at Fosdyke, on the edge of The Wash in Lincolnshire, is around 70 miles (110 kilometres) away.

## Woodland

Penguin Books together with the Woodland Trust purchased a 96-acre (390,000 m$^2$) woodland near the hamlet in January 2007. The initiative was designed to expand the nearby National Forest and regenerate the historical wildflower and woodland environment in the area.
# Nationalist Left – Youth

Nationalist Left – Youth (in Galician: Esquerda Nacionalista - Mocidade) was the youth wing of Nationalist Left (EN), one of the member parties of the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). It organized the young party members. EN-Mocidade was founded in 1984, and worked within the youth wing of BNG, Galiza Nova.
EN-Mocidade published Manesquerda.
In 2008 the organization dissolved itself and formed the Galician Socialist Youth.
# Jean-François Pouliot

Jean-François Pouliot (born 1957) is a Canadian film director from Quebec.
He was born in Montreal and studied at Concordia University. He worked as an assistant cameraman, while also writing and directing short animated films for the National Film Board. In 1982, Pouliot joined the advertising firm Cossette Communication Marketing, where he twice won the Grand prix du Mondial de publicité francophone, a French language advertising award. In 1988, he began directing television ads. Pouliot directed a number of episodes of the CBC Television series Emily of New Moon. His films have included Seducing Doctor Lewis (La Grande séduction), The Little Book of Revenge (Guide de la petite vengeance), Glimpses/Impressions, Dr. Cabbie, Snowtime! (La Guerre des tuques 3D), Votez Bougon and The 3 L'il Pigs 2 (Les 3 p'tits cochons 2).
# Nationalist Party

Nationalist Party may refer to:

## Current parties

* Bangladesh Nationalist Party
* Basque Nationalist Party
* Cornish Nationalist Party
* Nacionalista Party (Philippines)
* Nationalist Movement Party (Turkey)
* Nationalist Party of Canada
* Nationalist Party of China, another name for the Kuomintang (Taiwan)
* Nationalist Party (Malta)
* Puerto Rican Nationalist Party

## Defunct parties

* Nationalist Party (Australia)
* Nationalist Party (Bolivia)
* Nationalist Party of Bulgaria
* Nationalist Party (Burma)
* Nationalist Party of Cantabria
* Nationalist Party of Castile and León
* Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam
* Nationalist Party (Greece)
* Nationalist Party (Iceland)
* Nationalist Party (Ireland)
* Nationalist Party (Ivory Coast)
* Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)
* Nationalist Party (Panama)
* Nationalist Party (Peru)
* Nationalist Party of Peru (Eguiguren)
* Nationalist Party of Peru (Revilla)
* Nationalist Party (Quebec)
* Nationalist Party of the Rif of Melilla
* Nationalist Party (Solomon Islands)
* Nationalist Party (Thailand)
* Nationalist Party of the Valencian Country
# Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush

Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush is a book of short stories by Ian Maclaren published in 1894. It became a hugely popular bestseller. It is considered to be part of the Kailyard School of Scottish literature. A kailyard or kailyaird (kale) is comparable to a cabbage patch and refers to a kitchen garden as might be found adjacent to a cottage. The title, Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush, references the Jacobite song "There grows a bonnie brier bush in our Kailyard". Publishers Weekly reported it as the bestselling novel in the U.S. during 1895 and the 10th bestselling novel during 1896.
The stories in the book recount some of MacLaren's experiences as a Free Church minister in rural Perthshire and blends humour and pathos with racy Scots dialogue.
Maclaren mentions the Drumtochty Forest in the book.
William Hole illustrated an 1896 Hodder & Stoughton edition of the book. In the U.S., Clifton Johnson illustrated an edition of the book as well as MacLaren's The Days of Auld Lang Syne. He also illustrated works by Scottish author J. M. Barrie.

## Legacy

Charles H. Gabriel wrote the music and produced songsheets for the song and dedicated it to Mclaren.
A series of theatrical performances were based on the bestselling book. One involved Kirke La Shelle in 1901. A 1903 play based on the book was Mabel Brownell's debut. A 1905 play included Lettice Fairfax.
In 1921, Donald Crisp directed The Bonnie Brier Bush, a movie adaptation of the book set in Scotland. It is considered lost.
# Paidra

Paidra is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. It's located about 13 km (8 mi) northeast of the town of Võru, by the Võru–Räpina road (nr 65). The Võhandu River passes through Paidra. There's also a lake situated on the eastern side of the village. Paidra has an area of 5.8 km$^2$ and a population of 42 (as of 31 May 2010).
August Sabbe (1909–1978), who is considered the last surviving Estonian Forest Brother, was born and lived in Paidra by the Võhandu River. Later he also lived in a bunker there in Paidra, where he was ambushed and killed at the age of 69.
# Betty Jean Lifton

Betty Jean Lifton was an American author known for her children's books and books about the experiences of adopted children.

## Biography

Lifton née Kirschner was born on June 11, 1926, in Staten Island, New York. She was born to Rae Rosenblatt and adopted at the age of two by Oscar and Hilda Kirschner. She graduated from Barnard College in 1948. In 1952 she married the psychiatrist and author Robert Jay Lifton with whom she had two children.
The couple resided in Japan and Hong Kong for several years the early 1960s. Around this time Lifton began writing children's books including Joji and the Dragon Morrow, 1957, The Dwarf Pine Tree, Atheneum, 1963, and The Rice-cake Rabbit W.W. Norton & Company, 1966.
In 1973 her book Children of Vietnam was a finalist for the National Book Award for Children's Books.
In 1975 Lifton published Twice Born: Memoirs of an Adopted Daughter which was about her search for her birth mother. The book received attention from people who had undergone similar experiences. This, in turn, influenced Lifton to become an open adoption advocate. Lifton wrote two more books about adoption Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience, Dial, 1979, and Journey of the Adopted Self: A Quest for Wholeness Basic Books, 1994.
Her husband Robert further illustrated on her book "Twice Born," and her other activities while both were in Japan as follows: "(Robert Jay) Lifton’s formative experience was the research he did while accompanied by his wife, B.J.—a writer, an adoption therapist, and a leading spokesperson for adoption reform—whom he had married en route to his assignment in Japan, after being caught up in the doctor draft. Soon after arriving in Tokyo, Lifton was dispatched to Korea for six months, leaving B.J. to fend for herself in a culture where everything was the opposite of what she had known in Ohio and New York. In her book Twice Born: Memoirs of an Adopted Daughter, she describes how she moved in with a Japanese family, and found a job as a journalist working for the Japan Times, and then the Tokyo Evening News. She started the East-West Discussion group to give Japanese and Americans a chance to communicate with each other, and this group still exists today. She also began writing children’s books, which were illustrated by Japanese artists. Later, she would collaborate with the renowned Japanese photographer Eikoh Hosoe on the book A Place Called Hiroshima."
In the 1990s Lifton earned a Ph.D. from Union Institute.
She died on November 19, 2010, in Boston, Massachusetts. Her papers are in the Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe.
# Pajacuarán Municipality

Pajacuarán is one of the 113 municipalities of Michoacán, in central Mexico. The municipal seat lies at the town of the same name.

## Localities

The main towns and their population are the following:
| Locality | Population |
| Total | 19,450 |
| Pajacuarán | 9,766 |
| La Luz | 3,689 |
| San Gregorio | 2,384 |
# Pahaoa River

The Pahaoa River is a river of the Wairarapa, in the Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. It winds through rough hill country to the southwest of Masterton, initially flowing southwest before turning southeast to reach the Pacific Ocean 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Martinborough.
# Hydroxyphytanate oxidase

In enzymology, a hydroxyphytanate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    L-2-hydroxyphytanate + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 2-oxophytanate + H$_2$O$_2$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-2-hydroxyphytanate and O$_2$, whereas its two products are 2-oxophytanate and H$_2$O$_2$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-2-hydroxyphytanate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called L-2-hydroxyphytanate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase.
# Binomial process

A binomial process is a special point process in probability theory.

## Definition

Let $P$ be a probability distribution and $n$ be a fixed natural number. Let $X_{1},X_{2},\dots ,X_{n}$ be i.i.d. random variables with distribution $P$, so $X_{i}\sim P$ for all $i\in \{1,2,\dots ,n\}$.
Then the binomial process based on n and P is the random measure
    $\xi =\sum _{i=1}^{n}\delta _{X_{i}},$
where $\delta _{X_{i}(A)}={\begin{cases}1,&{\text{if }}X_{i}\in A,\\0,&{\text{otherwise}}.\end{cases}}$

## Properties
### Name

The name of a binomial process is derived from the fact that for all measurable sets $A$ the random variable $\xi (A)$ follows a binomial distribution with parameters $P(A)$ and $n$:
    $\xi (A)\sim \operatorname {Bin} (n,P(A)).$

### Laplace-transform

The Laplace transform of a binomial process is given by
    ${\mathcal {L}}_{P,n}(f)=\left[\int \exp(-f(x))\mathrm {P} (dx)\right]^{n}$
for all positive measurable functions $f$.

### Intensity measure

The intensity measure $\operatorname {E} \xi$ of a binomial process $\xi$ is given by
    $\operatorname {E} \xi =nP.$

## Generalizations

A generalization of binomial processes are mixed binomial processes. In these point processes, the number of points is not deterministic like it is with binomial processes, but is determined by a random variable $K$. Therefore mixed binomial processes conditioned on $K=n$ are binomial process based on $n$ and $P$.

## Literature

* Kallenberg, Olav (2017). Random Measures, Theory and Applications. Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41598-7. ISBN 978-3-319-41596-3.
# Paddy Waters (hurler)

Patrick Waters was an Irish hurler. At club level he played for Mount Sion, winning several Waterford Senior Championship titles, and was sub-goalkeeper on the Waterford senior hurling team that won the 1948 All-Ireland Championship.
# Island night lizard

The island night lizard (Xantusia riversiana) is a species of lizard in the family Xantusiidae. The species is native to three of the Channel Islands of California: San Nicolas Island, Santa Barbara Island, and San Clemente Island. A small population of the island night lizard also lives on Sutil Island, near Santa Barbara Island.

## Etymology

The specific name, riversiana, is in honor of James John Rivers (1824–1913), a London-born physician and naturalist, who was Curator of Natural History at the University of California.

## Subspecies

The San Clemente Island population is a subspecies which is recognized as being valid.
* Xantusia riversiana reticulata H.M. Smith, 1946 – San Clemente night lizard

## Conservation status

The island night lizard was listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the United States since 1977; the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the species as vulnerable. In 2006, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the administrating agency for the ESA, removed the San Clemente subspecies from the ESA. Better control of munitions-sparked wildfires may have been a reason. In March 2014, The US Fish and Wildlife Service removed the species from the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered Wildlife. This removal was attributed to the removal of non-native animals such as cats and goats from the islands and partnering between the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Navy.

## Habitat

The island night lizard's preferred habitat is coastal scrub made up of dense boxthorn and cacti thickets.

## Reproduction

Like other night lizards of the family Xantisiidae, the island night lizard is ovoviviparous, bearing live young rather than laying eggs.

## Description

The island night lizard is much larger than another species in the genus Xantusia, the desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis) of southern California. The island night lizard is typically between 2.6 and 4.3 in (6.6 and 10.9 cm) in length, not including the tail. It typically lives between 11 and 13 years, but some individuals are estimated to have lived 30 years or more. Its color varies from pale ash gray and beige to brown and black. It may have a uniform, mottled, or striped pattern.
# Ibrahim Pur

Ibrahim Pur is a census town in North West district in the Indian territory of Delhi.
# Ikalto, Georgia

Ikalto (Georgian: იყალთო), is a village in the Telavi district of Georgia.

## Demography

| Census Year | population |
| 2002 | 2365 |
| 2014 | 2034 |
# North American (disambiguation)

North American describes any entity, people, group, or attribute of North Americans, especially of the United States and Canada together.
North Americans or North American may also refer to:

## Culture

* North American English, all American English and Canadian English dialects

## Institutions

* North American Aviation, Inc., an aircraft manufacturer from 1928 to 1967
* North American Company, a former holding company for public utilities broken up in the 1940s
* North American Airlines, an airline based in New York, NY
* North American Division of Seventh-day Adventists, a subdivision of the Adventist World Church comprising the United States, Canada and Bermuda

## Media

* North America (TV series), American miniseries
* North America: Growth of a Continent, Canadian miniseries
* The North American, American newspaper published 1839 to 1925
* North American Review, American literary magazine
* North America, a box office territory comprising the United States and Canada

## Other

* SS North American, steamship built in 1913
# Athyrium auriculatum

Athyrium auriculatum is a fern species endemic to Taiwan. This fern characterized by short, erect stems covered with black-brown to black, narrowly lanceolate scales. The leaves are clustered at the top, with leaf stalks measuring 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in) in length and bearing scales at the base similar to those at the stem tip. The leaf blades are triangular, 20–25 cm (7.9–9.8 in) long, 16–20 cm (6.3–7.9 in) wide, with a two-pinnate compound structure. They are papery in texture, and both the leaf and pinna axes are covered with club-shaped glandular hairs. The pinnae are distinctly stalked, and the surface of the pinna axis features hard, short spines. Small pinnae emerge first on the base of the larger pinnae, measuring 15–22 mm (9⁄16–7⁄8 in) in length and 8–10 mm (5⁄16–3⁄8 in) in width, with rounded and slightly lobed tips. The spore membranes are short, linear, occasionally appearing J-shaped, and are located near the small pinna axis. This fern is a terrestrial, growing in semi-shade under the forest or on the edge of the forest.
# Ballinskelligs Castle

Ballinskelligs Castle is a castle located near Ballinskelligs on the Iveragh Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. The castle is situated on the western shore of Ballinskelligs Bay, on a narrow promontory which is subject to heavy erosion. The castle was constructed by the MacCarthy Mórs in the 16th century to protect the bay from pirates, and possibly in order to charge a tariff on incoming trade vessels.
# Bahama warbler

The Bahama warbler (Setophaga flavescens) is an endangered species of bird in the family Parulidae that is endemic to The Bahamas.

## Taxonomy

The taxon was formerly lumped with the yellow-throated warbler (Setophaga dominica), until the Bahama warbler was elevated to full species in 2011, on the distinctions of that the Bahama warbler is restricted to pinewoods, possesses a longer bill, and has small variations in plumage color.

## Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to Bahamian pineyards on Grand Bahama, Little Abaco and Great Abaco islands.

## Behavior

The Bahama warbler forages amidst pine needles in the higher branches of pine forests, occasionally descending to forage in the shrubs of the understory. It also uses its long bill to probe under the bark of tree trunks in search of insects. No other warblers in the region feed along trunks as extensively as the Bahama warbler.
# Baldev Mishra

Jyotishacharya Pandit Baldev Mishra was a prolific writer of Maithili literature in the 20th century who wrote extensively on several topics in his mother language Maithili. Besides Maithili, he also wrote few books in Hindi and Sanskrit covering a range of subjects related to mathematics, astrology, philosophy and history.

## Early life and education

Baldev Mishra was born in 1890 in Bangaon, Bihar in northern India. His father died when he was five years old. He was raised by his maternal grandfather in Bangaon. Due to his exceptional memory and ability to recite Durgasaptshati at a very young age, he was given a scholarship by the queen of the Baniali state to pursue further studies. In 1910, he went to Benaras to study astrology under the tutelage of pandit Sudhakar Dwivedi. During his Benaras stay, he met with Acharya Narendra Deva whose intellect inspired him to study in English medium. This led him to appear in a combined Bengal-Bihar-Orissa matriculation board exam which he passed in the first division in 1916.

## Career

In 1922 he was appointed as a mathematics teacher at the Kashi Vidyapeeth. He worked at the Kashi Vidyapeeth until 1930. After that, he wrote a few books in Sanskrit for high school students on Trigonometry and Algebra. He also edited books on Ellipse and Calculus written by Sudhakar Dwivedi.
In 1933, he started to work as an editor of "Pandit Patra". In 1939, he started working in "Saraswati Bhawan" library in Benaras where he worked on listing the manuscripts of many old articles there. He worked there until 1951. He then returned to his native state of Bihar in 1952 to work as decipherment research scholar in the newly formed K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna. Here, he worked on deciphering many articles related to Pali and Prakrit languages found during the excavations in Bodh Gaya. His work is published in 27 books in Tibbati-Pali-Prakrit series published by the Bihar Research society.

## Makers of Indian literature (Maithili)

Recognizing his contributions to the Maithili literature, the Sahitya Akademi of India published a monograph on him under the Makers of Indian Literature (Maithili) series. One of his essays "sangeet" is included in the high school textbook of Maithili in Bihar state board. The monograph on him was written by Mr Visheshwara Mishra, a contemporary scholar of the Maithili literature. Sahitya academy started the series Makers of Indian Literature to recognize the contribution of eminent scholars who have contributed significantly to the literature of different languages spoken in India. The monograph is published in the original language of the writer and its translations are done in various other languages which are also published by the Sahitya Akademi.
# 2008 Chrono Champenois – Trophée Européen

The 2008 Chrono Champenois – Trophée Européen was the 10th running of the Chrono Champenois - Trophée Européen, a women's individual time trial bicycle race. It was held on 14 September 2008 over a distance of 33.4 kilometres (20.8 miles) in France. It was rated by the UCI as a 1.1 category race.

## Results

| | Cyclist | Team | Time |
| 1 | Karin Thürig (SUI) | Cervélo Lifeforce Pro Cycling Team | 44' 42" |
| 2 | Loes Gunnewijk (NED) | Team Flexpoint | + 1' 40" |
| 3 | Amber Neben (USA) | Team Flexpoint | + 1' 51" |
| 4 | Regina Bruins (NED) | Netherlands national team | + 1' 58" |
| 5 | Mirjam Melchers (NED) | Team Flexpoint | + 2' 05" |
| 6 | Kathryn Watt (AUS) | Team Lot-et-Garonne | + 2' 40" |
| 7 | Ellen van Dijk (NED) | Vrienden van het Platteland | + 2' 49" |
| 8 | An Van Rie (BEL) | Vrienden van het Platteland | + 3' 07" |
| 9 | Pascale Schnider (SUI) | Cervélo Lifeforce Pro Cycling Team | + 3' 50" |
| 10 | Grace Verbeke (BEL) | Lotto-Belisol Ladies Team | + 4' 19" |
Sources
# Paige Butcher (rugby union)

Paige Erin Butcher (born 18 June 1974) is a former Australian rugby union player. She was named in Australia's squad for the 2006 Rugby World Cup in Canada.Wallaroos 10–24 loss to France in their second pool game. She started in the seventh place playoff against Ireland, Australia won 18–14.
Butcher made her test debut for Australia in 2001 against England at Sydney. Her final appearance for the Wallaroos was against Ireland at the 2006 World Cup.
# Paige Compositor

The Paige Compositor was an invention developed by James W. Paige (1842–1917) between 1872 and 1888. It was designed to replace the human typesetter of a lead type-composed printing form with a mechanical arm. In the early 1890s, a group of inventors signed a contract with Towner K. Webster in Chicago to produce 3,000 compositors. However, the machine was not nearly as precise as it should have been and never turned a profit because of its complexity and continual need for adjustment based upon trial and error. As a result, it was the Linotype typesetting machine, which composed in a hot metal typesetting process, that became the new popular typesetting machine.
Writer Mark Twain made a substantial investment into the failed endeavor: $300,000 (~$8,000,000 today). Twain, a former printer, invested not only the bulk of his book profits but also a large portion of the inheritance of Olivia Clemens, his wife. Many point to his over-investment in the Paige typesetting machine and other inventions as the cause of not only his family's financial decline but also the decline of his wit and humor.
Webster Manufacturing made fewer than six machines costing $15,000 apiece, over three times as much as the initial production estimates. One was donated by Cornell University for a scrap metal drive during World War II. The only surviving machine is displayed at the Mark Twain House in Hartford, Connecticut.