OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andre Finkelstein

André Maurice Finkelstein (14 May 1923 – 10 September 2013) was a French chemist who served as the deputy director general of the IAEA from 1969 to 1973. He was also a high-ranking official in the Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA), the French government's oversight body civilian and military nuclear activities.

## Biography

Finkelstein was born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés in Paris on 14 May 1923. As a graduate student, he studied physical chemistry, spending two years at the University of Rochester and joined the CEA in 1953 after earning his Ph.D. He originally studied tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, in a CEA lab. When the CEA expanded in 1958, Finkelstein became a senior officer in the department of external relations and programs. While serving in this role, Finkelstein participated in conferences in Geneva on the peaceful use of nuclear energy and served as advisor and alternate to the French representative to the IAEA. In 1967, he was promoted to deputy director in the cabinet of the high commissioner. He also worked in collaboration with the European Nuclear Energy Agency (ENEA).
In 1969, Finkelstein became deputy director general in charge of research and isotopes at the IAEA, where he held until 1973. In 1974, Finkelstein returned to the CEA to become deputy commissioner of the mission for nuclear safety and protection. The CEA promoted him to secretary of the central commission for nuclear installation safety (commission centrale de sûreté des installations atomiques, CSSIA) within the same year. Finklestein later served as coordinator of archives and history at the CEA from 1983 until his retirement on July 1, 1988.
Finkelstein later returned to France, where he died in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés on 10 September 2013, at the age of 90.
# Andre Francis

Andre Francis (born 5 October 1961 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a former cornerback in the Canadian Football League for eleven years. He played college football at New Mexico State University. He wore the number one. Francis was selected to the British Columbia Lions' 2004 50th Anniversary Dream Team.
# 1857 Argyle colonial by-election

A by-election was to be held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Argyle on 17 February 1857 because the seat of John Plunkett was declared vacant due to his appointment as President of the Legislative Council.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 28 January 1857 | John Plunkett's seat declared vacant. |
| 28 January 1857 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 13 February 1857 | Nominations |
| 17 February 1857 | Polling day |
| 24 February 1857 | Return of writ |

## Results

1857 Argyle by-election Tuesday 17 February :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Daniel Deniehy (elected) | Daniel Deniehy (elected) | unopposed | |
# Anderson model

Anderson model may refer to:
* Anderson impurity model, used in physics to describe heavy fermion systems and Kondo insulators
* Anderson model of localization (Anderson localization), in condensed matter physics, the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium
# Anderson railway station, Victoria

Anderson was a railway station on the Wonthaggi line located near Anderson, Victoria. The station operated until the line's closure in 1978. The site of this station is now a carpark and the starting point of the Bass Coast Rail Trail.
38°31′34″S 145°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿38.52611°S 145.44778°E﻿ / -38.52611; 145.44778
* This article about a railway station in Victoria (state) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Helen Verran

Helen Verran is an Australian historian and empirical philosopher of science, primarily working in the Social Studies of Science and Technology (STS), and currently adjunct professor at Charles Darwin University.

## Background

Verran is from New South Wales, Australia. She trained as a scientist and teacher in the 1960s (BSc, DipEd, University of New England) and has a PhD in metabolic biochemistry (UNE, 1972). She then spent eight years lecturing in science education at Obafemi Awolowo University in Ifẹ, southwestern Nigeria. In the 1980s she became a lecturer and later associate professor at the University of Melbourne, working in a unit dedicated to the study of history and philosophy of science. She retired in 2012. On retiring she became adjunct professor at the Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University in Darwin, where she still teaches.

## Scholarship
### Numbers and Enumerated Entities

Verran's book, Science and an African Logic (University of Chicago Press, 2001), received the Ludwik Fleck Prize in 2003. It analyses counting, and its relation to the ontology of numbers based on her lengthy field observations as a mathematics lecturer and teacher in Nigeria. The book draws on her sudden realisation of the radically different nature of Yoruba counting, and discusses how this realisation grounded her post-relativist theorising. Verran continues to nuance analytics of numbers and numbering as social and material practice (e.g. in the 2018 special issue After Numbers? Innovations in Science and Technology Studies’ Analytics of Numbers and Numbering).

### Actor-network theory (ANT)

She contributed to actor-network theory, working with British sociologist John Law. Specifically, she is credited for contributing with postcolonial studies to nuancing STS. Her work is also seen as part of ANT's ontological turn.

### Post-colonial STS

Her work on Yolngu Aboriginal Australians understandings of the world, their use of technology, and their knowledge systems ranges from the 1990s to current engagement. Together with Michael Christie she has theorised digital knowledge technologies.
Starting with work on alternative modes of knowing nature management through fire, Verran's recent work contributed to social studies of ecosystem services.

## Publications

* List of publications
* Downloads at academia.edu
* profile and Download at researchgate
# 1684 in France

Events from the year 1684 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Louis XIV

## Events

* 15 August – Signing of the Truce of Ratisbon
* The Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, designed by Jules Hardouin Mansart, is completed
* The Château de Marly in the Marly-le-Roi commune is completed for Louis XIV
* The Canal de l'Eure with its notable aqueduct, designed by the military engineer Lieutenant Général Vauban to serve Versailles for Louis XIV, is begun; work is abandoned about 1690

## Births
### Full date missing

* Jean Astruc, physician and professor (died 1766)

## Deaths
### Full date missing

* Anne de La Vigne, natural philosopher (born 1634)
* Claude Bazin de Bezons, lawyer and politician (born 1617)
* Marguerite, Duchess of Rohan, noblewoman (born 1617)
* Pierre Corneille, playwright (born 1606)
* François Pallu, bishop (born 1626)
* Peter du Moulin, clergyman (born 1601)
* Antoine Gombaud, writer (born 1607)
* Edme Mariotte, physicist (born c.1620)
* Gabriel de Guilleragues, politician (born 1628)
# Mordellistena discicollis

Mordellistena discicollis is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1891 by George Charles Champion.
# Myristica teijsmannii

Myristica teijsmannii is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Java in Indonesia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Hesperopsis alpheus

Hesperopsis alpheus, the saltbush sootywing, is a species of spread-wing skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Hesperopsis alpheus is 3980.

## Subspecies

These three subspecies belong to the species Hesperopsis alpheus:
* Hesperopsis alpheus alpheus (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
* Hesperopsis alpheus oricus (W. H. Edwards, 1879)
* Hesperopsis alpheus texana Scott, 1981
# Better Off Asleep

"Better Off Asleep" is a standalone single released by the band Magic Eight Ball.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Baz Francis

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Baz Francis - Vocals, acoustic guitar and kazoo

### Production

* Lewis John - Recording, engineering, mixing and mastering
* Baz Francis - Producing
* Phil John - Producing

### Art direction

* Andrea Duarte - Cover photography
# Brendan Guiney

Brendan Guiney is a Gaelic footballer from Listowel, County Kerry. He played with the Kerry intercounty team at all levels during the 2000s.
He played his club football with the Listowel Emmets club and with Feale Rangers.

## Club

He played his club football with the Listowel Emmets club and with Feale Rangers. He won a Kerry Intermediate Football Championship title in 2002. He has also won a number of North Kerry Senior Football Championship titles in 2004, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2015.
With Feale Rangers he won a Kerry Senior Football Championship title in 2007.

## Minor

Guiney first played with the Kerry minor team in 1999. He had little success as Kerry lost to Cork in the Munster final.

## Under 21

He then moved on to the Under 21 team in 2002. He help Kerry overcome Clare to win the Munster title. Guiney's side lost out to Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final.

## Junior

In 2002 Guiney joined the Kerry junior side, his only appearance being the first round Munster in over Limerick.
Guiney made a return to the junior side in 2010 when he won a Munster title after overcoming Limerick in the final. Kerry later qualified for the All-Ireland final, where they had a surprise loss to Sligo.

## Senior

Guiney first joined the Kerry senior team during the 2004 National League, where he played six games. He was part of the panel during that summers championship. He played no part during the championship until a surprise appearance during the All-Ireland final win over Mayo to pick up his first All-Ireland medal.
He again lined out during the 2005 National League during the spring. His only championship game in the Munster championship first-round win over Tipperary.
He played no part during the 2006 National League but was back on the panel for the championship. Like in 2004 his only appearance was in the All-Ireland final win over Mayo, as he picked up his second All-Ireland medal. This was to be his last championship game with Kerry.
He played four games during the 2007 National League. After a few seasons away he made a surprise return during the 2010 National League.

## Honours
### Listowel

* Kerry Intermediate Football Championship:
** Winner (1): 2002
** Runner-up (1): 2007

### Feale Rangers

* Kerry Senior Football Championship
** Winner (1): 2007

### Kerry

* All-Ireland Senior Football Championship:
** Winner (3): 2004, 2006
* Munster Under-21 Football Championship:
** Winner (1): 2002
* Munster Minor Football Championship:
** Winner (0):
** Runner-up (1): 1999
* All-Ireland Junior Football Championship:
** Runner-up (1): 2010
* Munster Junior Football Championship:
** Winner (1): 2010
# Bangladesh–Poland relations

Bangladesh–Poland relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Poland. Poland was the sixth country to recognize Bangladesh. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were officially established on 12 January 1972. While Bangladesh has an embassy in Warsaw, the Polish ambassador to India, who is resident in New Delhi, is also accredited to Bangladesh.

## High level visits

In 1986, former Deputy Foreign Minister of Poland paid an official visit to Dhaka. In 1987 the Foreign Minister of Bangladesh visited Poland. In 1988 former Foreign Minister of Bangladesh paid an official visit to Warsaw.

## Educational cooperation

In 2015, Polish ambassador Tomasz Łukaszuk met with the Vice Chancellor of the University of Dhaka Dr AAMS Arefin Siddique and had a discussion to boost the bilateral cooperation on research and educational sector.

## Economic cooperation

Bangladesh has long imported most of its dairy products as powdered milk from western Europe. In 1987 a 1600-ton shipment from Poland recorded radiation levels over 300 becquerels due to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, causing a nationwide panic.
By 1997 bilateral trade was worth US$34.8 million. Bangladeshi exports were primarily tea (70% by value), but also included plastic products, garments, jute, and fish. High value Polish exports were base metals, dairy products, ships, paper products, machinery, equipment and chemicals.
Bangladesh and Poland have shown their deep interest to expand the bilateral economic activities between the two countries and have been taking necessary steps in this regard. Poland has become one of the new destinations for manpower export of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi ready made garments, pharmaceuticals, jute and jute goods, ceramics and leather and leather goods have been identified as products with huge potential in the Polish market. Besides, Polish firms have expressed their interest to invest in the energy sector of Bangladesh.
In November 2021, Poland donated 3,2 million COVID-19 vaccines to Bangladesh.
# Nocardioides daejeonensis

Nocardioides daejeonensis is a gram-positive, denitrifying, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from a sewage disposal plant in Daejeon, South Korea.
# Barbara Diribe

Barbara Diribe (born 31 October 1976) is a Nigerian handball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# High vacuum

High vacuum may refer to:
* A vacuum with pressure in the range from 100 mPa to 100 nPa
* High Vacuum, the 1957 novel by Charles Eric Maine
See also:
# Heliophorus brahma

Heliophorus brahma, the golden sapphire, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1857.
# Anne Gerritsen

Anne Gerritsen FBA FHEA FRHistS (born 1967) is professor of history at the University of Warwick. Between 2013 and 2018 she held the Kikkoman Chair in the study of Asia-Europe Exchange, with special attention to art, material culture and human dynamics at Leiden University.

## Biography

Gerritsen has a PhD in East Asian Languages and Civilizations from Harvard University in 2001. Gerritsen was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy in 2020. She is also a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy and the Royal Historical Society. She is a member of Academia Europaea.

## Select publications

* Cleetus, B. and Gerritsen, A. (eds) 2023. Histories of Health and Materiality in the Indian Ocean World: Medicine, Material Culture and Trade, 1600-2000. Bloomsbury.
* Gerriten, A. "Reading Late-Imperial Chinese Merchant Handbooks in Global and Micro-History", Journal of Early Modern History 27 (1-2), 132–155.
* Gerritsen, A. and Grasskamp, A. (eds) 2022. Transformative Jars: Asian Ceramic Vessels As Transcultural Enclosures.
* Gerritsen, A. 2022. "The Tiger's Teeth: Local Gazetteers as Sources for Images Related to the Performance of Ritual", Journal of the European Association of Chinese Studies 3.
# Hymenium

The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia (basidiomycetes) or paraphyses (ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore.
The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota.
* In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills.
* In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes.
* In puffballs, it is internal.
* In stinkhorns, it develops internally and then is exposed in the form of a foul-smelling gel.
* In cup fungi, it is on the concave surface of the cup.
* In teeth fungi, it grows on the outside of tooth-like spines.

## Gallery

* Gills of the fly agaric Amanita muscaria
* The bolete slippery jack (Suillus luteus) with bright yellow pores
* Giant puffball Calvatia gigantea
* A stinkhorn, Phallus impudicus
* The cup fungus Sarcoscypha austriaca
* The large angular pores of Polyporus alveolaris, the hexagonal-pored polypore
# National Highway 45 (Myanmar)

National Road 45 or State Highway 45 is a highway of eastern Burma, passing through Shan State. It connects Nansang to Mong Ton and the Thai border in the southeast.
The highway is fed by the National Highway 4 at Nansang at 20°53′N 97°43′E﻿ / ﻿20.883°N 97.717°E﻿ / 20.883; 97.717 just west of Nansang Airport. It passes in a SSE direction through Mong Nai until Langkho when it mostly heads east to Mong Pan and then NEE and southeast to Mong Ton where it connects with National Highway 49 at 20°17′59″N 98°53′44″E﻿ / ﻿20.29972°N 98.89556°E﻿ / 20.29972; 98.89556. It then heads south to the Thai border where it ends just south of Namaklwe at 19°46′13″N 98°57′10″E﻿ / ﻿19.77028°N 98.95278°E﻿ / 19.77028; 98.95278.
# ISO 31-6

ISO 31-6 is the part of international standard ISO 31 that defines names and symbols for quantities and units related to light and related electromagnetic radiations. It is superseded by ISO 80000-7.
ISO 31-6 was initially published in 1980, and amended in 1985. It received a revision in 1992, which was amended in 1998. The standard was ultimately withdrawn in 2008, when it was replaced by ISO 80000-7.

## Definitions

The definitions of ISO 31-6, as defined in 1980, included:
| Quantity | Quantity | Unit | Unit | Unit | Remarks |
| Name | Symbol | Name | Symbol | Definition | Remarks |
| frequency | f, v | hertz | Hz | 1 Hz = 1 s$^{−1}$ | |
| circular frequency | ω | reciprocal second, second to the power of minus one | s$^{−1}$ | |
| circular frequency | ω | radian per second | rad/s | | |
| wavelength | λ | metre | m | | |
| wavelength | λ | ångström | Å | 1 Å = 10$^{−10}$ m | 1 Å = 10 nm |
| wavenumber, repetency | σ | reciprocal metre, metre to the power of minus one | m$^{−1}$ | | The multiple cm$^{−1}$ is often used. |
| circular wavenumber, circular repetency | k | reciprocal metre, metre to the power of minus one | m$^{−1}$ | | The multiple cm$^{−1}$ is often used. |
| velocity (speed) of propagation of electromagnetic waves in vacuo | c, c$_0$ | metre per second | m/s | | c = (2.99792458 ± 0.000000012) × 10$^8$ m/s. Sometimes c is used for the phase velocity in a medium, in which case c$_0$ is used for the velocity in vacuo. |
| radiant energy | Q, W, (U, Q$_e$) | joule | J | 1 J = 1 kg·m$^2$/s$^2$ | |
| radiant energy density | w, (u) | joule per cubic metre | J/m$^3$ | | |
| spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength) | w$_λ$ | joule per metre to the fourth power | J/m$^4$ | | |
| radiant power, radiant energy flux | P, Φ, (Φ$_e$) | watt | W | 1 W = 1 J/s | |
| radiant energy fluence rate | φ, ψ | watt per square metre | W/m$^2$ | | |
| radiant intensity | I, (I$_e$) | watt per steradian | W/sr | |
# Better Off (disambiguation)

Better Off is an American rock band.
Better Off may also refer to:
* "Better Off", a song by Ariana Grande from the album Sweetener, 2018
* "Better Off", a song by Cory Marks from the album Who I Am, 2020
* "Better Off", a song by Sara Evans from the album Slow Me Down, 2014
* "Better Off", a song by Theory of a Deadman from the album Gasoline, 2005
* "Better Off", a song by Ziggy Alberts from the EP Four Feet in the Forest, 2016
* "Better Off (Alone, Pt. III)", a song by Alan Walker, Dash Berlin and Vikkstar123, 2023
# Holly Martin

Holly Martin is a solo sailor and sailing vlogger best known for sailing her 27-foot sloop Gecko as part of her YouTube channel Wind Hippie Sailing.
Martin sails a Grinde 27 foot double ender sloop that she purchased in Connecticut and returned to Maine where she spent over a year preparing to make her seaworthy. Her goal of completing a circumnavigation started in October 2018 when she left Round Pond Maine and headed towards the Panama Canal. After spending time in the Caribbean for a year she transited the Panama Canal and entered the Pacific Ocean in May 2020. After a 41-day solo passage to French Polynesia, which she was unable to leave due to COVID-19 restrictions. While underway Martin is an avid reader, and at anchor she enjoys snorkeling, catching fish, and meeting the new people.
Born in New Zealand, Martin grew up on boats with her parents, first on a Cal 25, as they sailed in the south Pacific and later the Arctic where she spent time being schooled in Iceland, Norway, and Canada. She holds a degree in marine biology and worked aboard an Antarctic research vessel as a research support technician.
# Nakaya

Nakaya (written: 中谷, 仲谷 or 中矢) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Akihiko Nakaya (中谷 明彦, born 1957), Japanese racing driver
* Fujiko Nakaya (中谷 芙二子, born 1933), Japanese artist
* Katsuhiko Nakaya (born 1957), Brazilian sprinter
* Kazuhiro Nakaya (仲谷 一宏, born 1945), Japanese ichthyologist
* Riki Nakaya (中矢 力, born 1989), Japanese judoka
* Sayaka Nakaya (仲谷 明香, born 1991), Japanese voice actress, singer and idol
* Ukichiro Nakaya (中谷 宇吉郎, 1900–1962), Japanese physicist and writer
* Yuhi Nakaya (中谷 雄飛, born 1999), Japanese long-distance runner
# Bergman metric

In differential geometry, the Bergman metric is a Hermitian metric that can be defined on certain types of complex manifold. It is so called because it is derived from the Bergman kernel, both of which are named after Stefan Bergman.

## Definition

Let $G\subset {\mathbb {C} }^{n}$ be a domain and let $K(z,w)$ be the Bergman kernel on G. We define a Hermitian metric on the tangent bundle $T_{z}{\mathbb {C} }^{n}$ by
    $g_{ij}(z):={\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z_{i}\,\partial {\bar {z}}_{j}}}\log K(z,z),$
for $z\in G$. Then the length of a tangent vector $\xi \in T_{z}{\mathbb {C} }^{n}$ is given by
    $\left\vert \xi \right\vert _{B,z}:={\sqrt {\sum _{i,j=1}^{n}g_{ij}(z)\xi _{i}{\bar {\xi }}_{j}}}.$
This metric is called the Bergman metric on G.
The length of a (piecewise) C$^1$ curve $\gamma \colon [0,1]\to {\mathbb {C} }^{n}$ is then computed as
    $\ell (\gamma )=\int _{0}^{1}\left\vert {\frac {\partial \gamma }{\partial t}}(t)\right\vert _{B,\gamma (t)}dt.$
The distance $d_{G}(p,q)$ of two points $p,q\in G$ is then defined as
    $d_{G}(p,q):=\inf\{\ell (\gamma )\mid {\text{ all piecewise }}C^{1}{\text{ curves }}\gamma {\text{ such that }}\gamma (0)=p{\text{ and }}\gamma (1)=q\}.$
The distance d$_G$ is called the Bergman distance.
The Bergman metric is in fact a positive definite matrix at each point if G is a bounded domain. More importantly, the distance d$_G$ is invariant under biholomorphic mappings of G to another domain $G'$. That is if f is a biholomorphism of G and $G'$, then $d_{G}(p,q)=d_{G'}(f(p),f(q))$.