OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ben Scheres

Bernardus Johannes Godefridus Scheres (Ben) Scheres (born 10 July 1960 in Echt) is a Dutch developmental biologist. He is Professor of Plant Developmental Biology at Wageningen University.
Scheres studied phytopathology at Wageningen University, where he received his doctorate in 1990. After a post-doctoral period at the Laboratory of Genetics in Ghent, he became a lecturer at the University of Utrecht, where he became Professor of Plant Developmental Biology in 1999 and Professor of Molecular Genetics in 2005.
Scheres studies the developmental biology of plants and compares them to that of animals, discovering many similarities. He used the thale cress as a test plant. Among other things, he discovered the role of stem cells in the growth and shape development of roots. He specifically switched off individual cells with a laser and blocked individual genes in order to explore their role in development.
In 2000 he received the Siron Pelton Prize from the American Botanical Society. In 2004 he became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2006 he received the Spinoza Prize. In 2007 he was elected to the European Molecular Biology Organization. He received the prize for young chemists from the Dutch research organization NWO.
# Path of the Warrior

Path of the Warrior may refer to
* Shambhala: The Sacred Path of the Warrior, a book concerning the Shambhala Buddhist vision of Chögyam Trungpa
* Art of Fighting 3: The Path of the Warrior, a 1996 video game in the Art of Fighting series
* Path of the Warrior, a 2019 video game
# Bennett Southwell

Bennett Southwell, GC (21 March 1913 – 17 October 1940) was a member of a Royal Navy team carrying out bomb disposal when he was killed during the London blitz. He was awarded a posthumous George Cross.

## Early life

Southwell was born on 21 March 1913, son of George Frederick Southwell, who worked on the railways- at the time of his son's birth, as a porter- and Sarah Elizabeth (née James). Southwell was educated at Meadow Hall Road School in Rotherham, subsequently working as a domestic gardener before taking employment at the hosiery manufacturer N. Corah & Sons. Before the outbreak of war, he married Marion Halford; they had a son, Michael.
Southwell was enlisted into the Royal Navy in 1939. He was called up for training on 8 June 1940 and proceeded to HMS Ganges. He was then posted to HMS Vernon as part of the Land Mine Disposal Section responsible for bomb and mine clearance work.

## George Cross

Southwell was part of a team tackling an unexploded parachute mine on 17 October 1940 during the height of the blitz in Hoxton in the East End of London.
Along with and his companion, Sub-Lieutenant Jack Easton, they were called to a mine in Clifton Street, Shoreditch. The street was deserted and the 1,500 pounds (680 kg) mine could be seen dangling from its parachute, wrapped round the chimney of a terraced house.
The pair had to climb through a window into the bedroom, as the mine was blocking the door wedged between a bedstead and the collapsing chimney. Easton set about defusing the mine with Southwell passing him tools through the window. They were working in this way when the rest of the chimney collapsed, setting off the fuse which began to tick. They ran for cover in a nearby air raid shelter but the mine exploded, destroying six surrounding streets and killing Southwell instantly.
Such was the damage that his body was undiscovered for a further six weeks.
Sub-Lieutenant Easton survived and both men were awarded the George Cross.
In October 1941 his widow Marion Southwell was presented with the George Cross by the King.

### Citation

Southwell's George Cross citation appeared in the London Gazette on 23 January 1941:
   The King has been graciously pleased to approve the posthumous award of the George Cross for great gallantry and undaunted devotion to duty, to Ordinary Seaman Bennett Southwell, P/JX.204557.

## Theft of medal

In 1945, Southwell's George Cross medal was stolen from a fete held by Southwell's former employer, the hosiery manufacturer N. Corah & Sons, who had a replica produced and presented to the family.
In 2003 the original medal appeared for sale as part of a private collection. A member of Southwell's family informed the police and the sale was stopped. The medal was then purchased from the Magor Collection and is now with the family of Southwell.
# John Joseph (actor)

Charlie Parker-Swift (born 13 July 1984) is a British actor. As a child actor, he was known as John Hudson before becoming John J. Joseph and finally settling on Charlie Parker-Swift. Charlie’s first acting role and best known role was in the children's series Grange Hill playing a school bully called Ian Hudson.
Since leaving Grange Hill Charlie has appeared in EastEnders, Wall of Silence and The Bill.
His most recent role has been in Holby City, Sam & Cat and Mighty Med

## Filmography

| Year | Show | Role | Notes |
| 1998–2004 | Grange Hill | Ian Hudson | Series regular (as John Husdon) |
| 2001 | The Bill | Carl Daniels | 1 episode: Promised Land (as John Hudson) |
| 2003 | EastEnders | Yob | 1 episode |
| 2004 | Wall of Silence | James Pearce | |
| 2009 | Holby City | Lee Simons | 2 episodes: A Clean Slate & Just |
| 2013 | Sam & Cat | Clancy | 1 episode: #MommaGooma |
| 2015 | Mighty Med | Mort | 4 episodes |
# Olive-winged bulbul

The olive-winged bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus) is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found in south-eastern Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

## Diet

It eats fruit and insects.

## Taxonomy and systematics

Until 2010, the ashy-fronted bulbul was also considered as a subspecies of the olive-winged bulbul.

### Subspecies

Four subspecies are recognized:
* P. p. porphyreus - Oberholser, 1912: Found on western Sumatra and nearby islands
* P. p. plumosus - Blyth, 1845: Found on Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, Java, Bali and western and southern Borneo
* P. p. hutzi - Stresemann, 1938: Found on northern and eastern Borneo
* P. p. hachisukae - Deignan, 1952: Found on islands off northern Borneo and south-western Philippines
# Philippe Mahoux

Philippe Mahoux (born 26 June 1944), is a Belgian politician and a member of the Parti Socialiste. He was elected as a member of the Belgian Senate in 1990.
# John Hall (cricketer, born 1874)

John Peter Hall (20 August 1874 – 9 November 1925) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire between 1895 and 1897.
Hall was born at Worksop, Nottinghamshire. His cricket career began in the 1895 when Derbyshire entered the County Championship. Hall scored one run in two innings in his debut match which Derbyshire won against Yorkshire and he made little impression apart from taking two catches, in his second game against Nottinghamshire, although the team went on to finish highly in the year's County Championship. Hall appeared only once during the 1896 season when he took a wicket against Warwickshire and played his last match in the 1897 season in an innings defeat to Surrey. He was a right-handed batsman who scored 3 runs in 7 innings and a right-arm medium-fast bowler who took 3 wickets at an average of 37.33.
Hall died at Worksop at the age of 51.
# Bessie Turner

Bessie Turner is an English singer, songwriter and musician from Suffolk.

## Beginnings

Turner was raised in Eye, Suffolk, where she attended Hartismere School. She was given her first guitar by her grandfather when she was 11 years old and began performing her own songs live when she was 18.

## 2017–present

In 2017, Turner began working with musician Benjamin Ward and producer George Perks, recording music for the first time at The Crypt Studios in London. She released her debut single "Big Sleep" in April 2017 on Don't Try Records. Shortly after its online release, the song was picked up by BBC's Introducing in Suffolk, making its way onto Huw Stephens' show on BBC Radio 1 and Tom Robinson's BBC 6 Music Mixtape. A live session for BBC Introducing was aired a week after the single's release, which led to Turner's invitation to play the Latitude Festival 2017.
Turner's second single, "Words You Say", received its radio premiere from Jo Whiley on BBC Radio 2 in September 2017. The single went on to be played by various DJ's across BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, and BBC Radio 6 Music. In December 2017, Turner and her band performed a live session at BBC Maida Vale Studios for Jo Wiley's BBC Radio 2 show.
Turner's third single, "In My Room", and debut EP "22:22", were released in April 2018 on Don't Try Records. Turner and her band performed their own run of headline shows in the UK and mainland Europe, as well as selected dates with Baxter Dury. Summer 2018 saw Turner headline the BBC Introducing Stage at both Latitude Festival and Reading and Leeds. In July 2018 she appeared live on BBC Radio 2's The Zoe Ball Show.
Turner's fourth single, "Nino", was released in October 2018. It was a collaborative release between Don't Try and Lab Records, with a limited edition run of 7" vinyls available via Don't Try's website.
In 2021, Turner released the first single from the Rushing EP, "Rushing" on her new label Luna Sky Recordings.
In June 2022 Turner released a new song called “It Was Nothing” which was described by Jana Jade Williams for When The Horn Blows as “jam-packed with drilling percussion, angelic vocals, and soft harmonies.” Turner noted “It's about the loss of friendships and me trying to find peace and reason in a situation.”

## Discography

EP’s
* 2018: 22:22
* 2021: Themed Nights
Singles
* 2018: Nino
* 2019: Down 2
* 2020: Stones
* 2020: Donkey
* 2021: Rushing
* 2021: Stranger Things
* 2021: Opaque
* 2022: It Was Nothing
# John Hopwood (artist)

John Hopwood was a British painter. His early work was figurative but his later work is mainly abstraction.

## Early life

John Hopwood was born in Wiltshire on 26 March 1942, and died on 3 January 2015. His parents were Daisy and Fred Hopwood, and he was an only child. The family moved when John was 3 years old to Hare Hatch in Berkshire, where John attended school. His parents worked for Lord and Lady Remnant of Bear Place as their chauffeur and cook. Hopwood studied art at Berkshire College of Art in Maidenhead (1958–1962).

## Career

John Hopwood painted continuously after leaving art school. His work was initially figurative. He lived in Wytham near Oxford for seven years and was briefly married (1970–1972). He left Wytham in 1975 and returned to Holt Cottage in Hare Hatch. He took a part-time job as a gardener for the Remnant family, in order to support himself while continuing to paint. He radically changed his painting style around 1990, towards a "semi-abstract" style. He moved to St Ives in 1997 and married Annie de Boel, in 1999.

## Significant work

Self Portrait in White (1970) (private collection), exhibited at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition in 1974, illustrated in Sir Ernst Gombrich “The Image and the Eye” (1981). His "Portrait of Andrew Logan" (private collection) was also exhibited at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition. Two of his paintings "Apparition: Sun Man" (1991) and "Tunnel of Trees" (2008) are in the National Collection, acquired by Reading Museum.

## Exhibitions

Gallery Five (Reading), Reading Museum and Art Gallery, Borlase Gallery (Newbury), Newman Rooms Gallery (Oxford), Century Galleries (Henley, 1992), In London he had exhibitions at Woodstock Gallery, Piccadilly Gallery, Mercury Gallery, Crane Calman, Pentonville Gallery and Quaker gallery (1992). He held a retrospective of his figurative paintings at the Julius Gottlieb Gallery, Carmel College (1993), exhibition of new work Henley Business school gallery (1993), exhibition of new work painted in St Ives at New Millenium Gallery, St Ives in 2005 and 2008 and Belgrave Gallery, St Ives (2015).
# Calceolaria crenata

Calceolaria crenata is a perennial plant belonging to family Calceolariaceae and native to the Peruvian Andes and the Ecuadorian Andes. The genus Calceolaria has been recently segregated from other members of the Scrophulariaceae, along with Porodittia, and Jovellana into its own family.
Calceolaria crenata can grow to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) high, with a branching habit, and has soft cordate leaves. Calceolaria crenata flowers from spring to summer in its native habitat, with clusters of small (12 millimetres or 0.5 inches in diameter) yellow flowers.
# Ben Schechter

Ben Schechter (born August 26, 1980) is an American artist and filmmaker best known as a partner in Directors Collective Weird Days. He is now based in Los Angeles.

## Career

Ben Schechter established Weird Days with Alex Goldberg and Drew Blatman in 2007. They gained notoriety for their work with Riff Raff, Santigold, Das Racist, Tanlines. and Real Estate. Schechter has directed commercials for MySpace, Nike, Converse, and Levi's.

## Make It Rain

Schechter is the co-creator of "Make It Rain: For the Love of Money." The app was #1 in the iTunes store and has over 50 million downloads.

## Ben's Books

Schechter ran a small independent book store in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. It has since closed.
# Participation in Christ

Paul's theology is considered by some interpreters to center on a participation in Christ, in which one partakes in salvation by dying and rising with Jesus. While this theology was interpreted as mysticism by Albert Schweitzer, according to the New Perspective on Paul, as initiated by E.P. Sanders, it is more aptly viewed as a salvation theology.

## Albert Schweitzer

Albert Schweitzer "argued that redemption for Paul meant deliverance from hostile angelic powers and that justification by faith was but a 'subsidiary' element of his thought. For Schweitzer, the heart of Paul's theology lay in his 'mysticism': redemption takes place when one is united with Christ through baptism, thus participating (in a real, not merely metaphoric, sense) in his death and resurrection.
This "Pauline mysticism" is not about "being one with God or being in God", and sonship to God is not conceived as "an immediate mystical relation to God, but as mediated and effected by means of a mystical union with Christ". According to Schweitzer, Paul saw human beings to enter into relation with God by dying and rising with Christ, being set free from sin and the Law, and possessing the Spirit of Christ.
Paul emphasizes justification by faith in the Epistle to the Romans. Christ's death is portrayed as a sin offering, which erases sin and makes God's forgiveness possible. This "righteousness by faith" is individualistic, and it does not lead to an ethical theory.

## New Perspective on Paul

These views on Paul have been challenged by the so called "New Perspective on Paul", as initiated by E.P. Sanders. According to Sanders, the historical understanding of Second Temple Judaism had been incorrect, drawing a mistaken opposition between "faith" and "works". Paul's insistence of faith stems from this Second Temple Judaism, in which the covenant with God was maintained by observing the Law ("works"), but was given by God to his chosen people as an act of faith. For Paul, Jesus death and rising were a solution to the problem of the inclusion of Gentile Torah-observers into the covenant. By definition, those Gentiles were "sinners", who could not enter the covenant by observing the Law. Yet, God had entered this evil world through Jesus, to redeem it; by faith in, or through, Jesus, and participating in his death and rising, Jews and gentiles alike were redeemed. According to Ellen Charry,
   ...this participation is not union in a cosmic sense, as Schweitzer thought, but a transfer of lordship in which, by belonging to or participating in Christ, one receives forgiveness for past offences, is liberated from the powers of sin, and receives the Spirit. A consequence, but not the goal, of this participation is righteous living.
# Januaria lombardii

Januaria lombardii is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is the sole species in genus Januaria. It a shrub endemic to northern Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.
# Perfect Gentleman

Perfect Gentleman may refer to:
* "Perfect Gentleman" (Helloween song), 1994
* "Perfect Gentleman" (Wyclef Jean song), 2001
* A Perfect Gentleman (1927 film), a Swedish silent drama film
* A Perfect Gentleman (1928 film), an American silent comedy film
* The Perfect Gentleman (film), a 1935 film starring Frank Morgan
* "The Perfect Gentleman" (short story), by Jeffrey Archer
# Olive-winged trumpeter

The olive-winged trumpeter (Psophia dextralis) is a species of bird in the family Psophiidae. It is found in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, but only east of the Tapajós River and west of the Araguaia River. This species was split from Psophia viridis (dark-winged trumpeter) in 2014. As of 2016, this species is listed as an endangered species.

## Behavior

The olive-winged trumpeter lives in dense lowland rainforest away from human contact.

### Diet

The olive-winged trumpeter's diet consists of fruit, small vertebrates, arthropods and carrion.

### Threats

The olive-winged trumpeter is threatened by deforestation and hunting.

### Breeding

The olive-winged trumpeter's breeding is not well documented; all that is known is that its eggs are large.
# Phrynobatrachus stewartae

Phrynobatrachus stewartae, also known as the Stewart's puddle frog or Stewart's river frog, is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found in northern Malawi and south-central and western Tanzania. The specific name stewartae honours Margaret M. Stewart, an American herpetologist who wrote "Amphibians of Malawi" (1967) and collected the type series, originally identified as Phrynobatrachus gutturosus.

## Description

Males can grow to 21 mm (0.8 in) and females to 23 mm (0.9 in) in snout–vent length. The finger and toe tips are not expanded into discs. The toes are broadly webbed. The femoral glands are elongated and flattened, and conspicuous yellow in males. Males have a baggy vocal sac with a clear posterior flap. The upper and lower jaws are barred. The gular region is greyish in males but speckled in females.

## Habitat and conservation

Phrynobatrachus stewartae occurs in marshy areas in dry forest and grassland at elevations of 800–1,200 m (2,600–3,900 ft) above sea level. It is especially found in areas where aquatic vegetation is present. Breeding presumably takes place in marshes and well-vegetated, standing bodies of water. Its habitat in Tanzania is threatened by habitat degradation caused by conversion to agriculture or by overharvesting. While it exhibits a degree of tolerance to modified habitats, it is poorly understood to what extent this species is threatened by expanding agriculture. It is present in the Mulenge Forest Reserve and the Katavi National Park, and it is likely to occur in the Nyika National Park that is close to its type locality.
# Perceptual art

Perceptual art is a form of art that can trace its roots to the art history concepts of perceptualism as well as to twentieth century inventions of conceptual art and performance art.

## Perceptualism

The concept of perceptualism has been discussed in historical and philosophical explorations of art and psychology, thus it forms an innate relationship between the artist and philosopher. Norman Bryson discussed perceptualism in terms of optical truth, as opposed to constructivist interpretations that take into account the social values of any given era's zeitgeist. Ernst Gombrich discussed perceptualism in terms of universal perceptual and psychological responses that govern the reception of images across time and differences in culture. Jack Chambers discussed perceptualism, which he first called "Perceptual Realism," in terms of visual art that is a "profound reflection of primary sensory experience, not simply a reproduction of it."

## Practice

In practice, perceptual art may be interpreted as the engagement of multi-sensory experiential stimuli combined with the multiplicity of interpretive meanings on the part of an observer. Sometimes, the role of observer is obscured as members of the public may unwittingly or unknowingly be participants in the creation of the artwork itself.

## Examples

In the late 20th century, visual artists such as Robert Smithson, with his massive land-based creation entitled Spiral Jetty, began to break down barriers between art medium and subjective interpretation. Christo and Jeanne-Claude's wrapping of the Reichstag was another milestone in this succession. Jack Chambers used "sense combinations [to] complement one another to enrich perception" in paintings such as 401 Towards London No. 1. Andy Kaufman utilized television as his primary medium in the 1980s, creating intentionally unusual and sometimes confrontational situations that left viewers unsure of their nature and meaning (Sometimes Kaufman's intentions were even undisclosed to fellow performers). A new generation of artists have continued stretching definitions and boundaries between performance, intent and meaning, such as Karen Finley, whose controversial performances were criticized by a U.S. senator, Joey Skaggs, who creates artificial news stories that are often reprinted by major media outlets, and Paul Rebhan who charges a fee for his friendship, smuggles his own paintings into museums, and hosts dating events where no one is allowed to speak.
# Perella

Perella is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Joe Perella (c. 1940–2020), American college football coach
* Joseph Perella (born 1941), Italian-American financier
* Marco Perella (born 1949), American actor and author
# Prince Lee Boo

Prince Lee Boo or Lebu (c. 1764 – 27 December 1784) was the second son of Abba Thulle (Ibedul), the ruler of Koror in the Pelew Islands, now called Palau. Prince Lee Boo was one of the first people from the Pacific Islands to visit Great Britain. When the China trader Antelope, on a voyage to China for the East India Company, was wrecked on the island of Oroolong in Western Palau in 1783, its survivors, including Captain Henry Wilson, spent three months on Palau. When the survivors were finally rescued, Captain Wilson agreed to take Lee Boo to London to acquire more knowledge about Europe. He arrived about a decade after the Tahitian Omai, on 14 July 1784, in Portsmouth, aboard the Morse, and was quickly dubbed "The Black Prince" by London society, who were charmed by his poise and intelligence. The Wilson family took him into their home in London, where he attended church ceremonies, dinner parties and European school for several months. However, he died of smallpox on 27 December 1784, some six months after his arrival in London. He was 20 years old.
He was buried at St Mary's Church, Rotherhithe.
Prince Lee Boo's story appeared in a book by George Keate (1729–97), titled: An Account of the Pelew Islands, Situated in the Western Part of the Pacific Ocean. Composed from the Journals and Communications of Captain Henry Wilson, and some of his Officers, who, in August 1783, were there Shipwrecked, in the Antelope, a Packet belonging to the Hon. East India Company. The author's daughter, Georgiana Jane Keate (1770–1850, later Mrs. Georgiana Henderson), painted the portrait of Prince Lee Boo in the book. It was painted from memory, fifteen months after Prince Lee Boo's death.
This book was quite popular. It was translated into over 20 languages between 1789 and 1850.
An abridged version, titled: The Interesting History of Prince Lee Boo, Brought to England from the Pelew Islands, is available online.