OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1976 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament

The 1976 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament was the fourth edition of the CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament, the quadrennial, international football tournament organised by the CONCACAF to determine which national teams from the North, Central America and Caribbean region qualify for the Olympic football tournament.
Mexico successfully defended their title, and qualified for the 1976 Summer Olympics together with runners-up Guatemala and the host nation, Canada, as representatives of CONCACAF. Cuba was invited after the withdrawal of Uruguay, the refusal of Argentina and Colombia to replace them.

## Qualification

The three berths were allocated as follows:
* The four winners from the second round

### Qualified teams

The following teams qualified for the final tournament.
| Zone | Country | Method of qualification | Appearance | Last appearance | Previous best performance | Previous Olympic appearances (last) |
| North America | Mexico (title holders) | Second round winners | 3rd | 1972 | Winners (1964, 1972) | 5 (1972) |
| Central America | Guatemala | Second round winners | 3rd | 1972 | Final round winner without outright champions (1968) | 1 (1968) |
| Caribbean | Cuba | Second round winners | 1st | 0 (debut) | Debutant | 0 |
    $^1$ Only final tournament.

## Final round

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Mexico (C) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 7 | +4 | 5 | Qualification to 1976 Summer Olympics |
| 2 | Guatemala | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 8 | −2 | 4 | Qualification to 1976 Summer Olympics |
| 3 | Cuba | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 7 | −2 | 3 | Qualification to 1976 Summer Olympics |

## Qualified teams for the Summer Olympics

The following four teams from CONCACAF qualified for the 1976 Summer Olympics, including Canada which qualified as the hosts.
| Team | Qualified on | Previous appearances in the Summer Olympics |
| Canada | 12 May 1970 | 1 (1904) |
| Mexico | 11 March 1976 | 5 (1928, 1948, 1964, 1968, 1972) |
| Guatemala | 11 March 1976 | 1 (1968) |
| Cuba | July 1976 | 0 (debut) |
    $^2$ Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.
# Athletics at the 1934 British Empire Games – Men's 220 yards

The men's 220 yards event at the 1934 British Empire Games was held on 6 and 7 August at the White City Stadium in London, England.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Arthur Sweeney England | Marthinus Theunissen South Africa | Walter Rangeley England |

## Results
### Heats

Held on 6 August
Qualification: First 2 in each heat (Q) qualify directly for the semifinals.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Howard Yates | Australia | 22.4 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Maurice Hintze | England | ??.? | Q, +6 yd |
| 3 | 1 | Chester Lawrence | Newfoundland | ??.? | |
| 4 | 1 | Cyril Williams | Wales | ??.? | |
| 1 | 2 | Walter Rangeley | England | 22.3 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Birchall Pearson | Canada | ??.? | Q, +7 yd |
| 3 | 2 | David Brownlee | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 4 | 2 | Richard Freisenbruch | Bermuda | ??.? | |
| 5 | 2 | G. Hartwell | Southern Rhodesia | ??.? | |
| 1 | 3 | Ian Young | Scotland | 22.4 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Denis Rathbone | England | ??.? | Q, +0.5 yd |
| 3 | 3 | Allan Poole | Canada | ??.? | |
| ? | 3 | Buddy Card | Bermuda | ??.? | |
| ? | 3 | Ronald Vernieux | India | ??.? | |
| 1 | 4 | Robin Murdoch | Scotland | 22.8 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Noel Dempsey | Australia | 22.9e | Q, +2 yd |
| 3 | 4 | Bill Christie | Canada | ??.? | |
| 1 | 5 | Arthur Sweeney | England | 22.5 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Frank Nicks | Canada | 22.5e | Q, +Inches |
| ? | 5 | R. Lovell | British Guiana | ??.? | |
| ? | 5 | Arthur Jones | Jamaica | ??.? | |
| ? | 5 | Archie Turner | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 1 | 6 | Marthinus Theunissen | South Africa | 22.5 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Cyril Cupid | Wales | 22.7e | Q, +1.5 yd |
| 3 | 6 | Jack Horsfall | Australia | ??.? | |
| 4 | 6 | Frank Peniston | Bermuda | ??.? | |

### Semifinals

Held on 6 August
Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) qualify directly for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Arthur Sweeney | England | 22.6 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Ian Young | Scotland | 22.9 | Q, +1 yd |
| 3 | 1 | Frank Nicks | Canada | ??.? | Q, +1 yd |
| 4 | 1 | Noel Dempsey | Australia | ??.? | |
| ? | 1 | Cyril Cupid | Wales | ??.? | |
| ? | 1 | Denis Rathbone | England | ??.? | |
| 1 | 2 | Marthinus Theunissen | South Africa | 22.2 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Walter Rangeley | England | ??.? | Q, +3.5 yd |
| 3 | 2 | Robin Murdoch | Scotland | ??.? | Q, +1 yd |
| 4 | 2 | Birchall Pearson | Canada | ??.? | |
| 5 | 2 | Howard Yates | Australia | ??.? | |
| 6 | 2 | Maurice Hintze | England | ??.? | |

### Final

Held on 7 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Arthur Sweeney | England | 21.9 | |
| | Marthinus Theunissen | South Africa | 22.0e | +0.5 yd |
| | Walter Rangeley | England | 22.1e | +0.5 yd |
| 4 | Robin Murdoch | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 5 | Ian Young | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 6 | Frank Nicks | Canada | ??.? | |
# Association for Logic, Language and Information

The Association for Logic, Language and Information (FoLLI) is an international, especially European, learned society. It was founded in 1991 "to advance the practicing of research and education on the interfaces between Logic, Linguistics, Computer Science and Cognitive Science and related disciplines." The academic journal Journal of Logic, Language and Information (JoLLI) is published under its auspices; it co-ordinates summer schools such as the European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI), the North American Summer School in Logic, Language, and Information (NASSLLI), and the International Conference and Second East-Asian School on Logic, Language and Computation (EASLLC); and it awards the E. W. Beth Dissertation Prize to outstanding dissertations in the fields of Logic, Language, and Information.

## Governance

The current president of FoLLI is Larry Moss (since 2020). The current management board consists of Larry Moss (president), Sonja Smets (vice president), Natasha Alechina (secretary), Nina Gierasimczuk (treasurer), Valentin Goranko (senior member), Darja Fiser, Benedikt Löwe, Louise McNally, and Pritty Patel-Grosz.
Past Presidents include Johan van Benthem (1991–1995), Wilfrid Hodges (1995–1996), Erhard Hinrichs (1997–1998), Paul Gochet (1999–2001), Hans Uzskoreit (2002–2003), Luigia Carlucci Aiello (2004–2007), Michael Moortgat (2007–2012), Ann Copestake (2012–2016), and Valentin Goranko (2016–2020).
# Houma

Houma can refer to:
* Houma, Louisiana, city in the United States
* Houma, Shanxi, city in China
* Houma people, a Native American group
* Houma language, a Western Muskogean language
* Houma, meaning cape, the name of some capes in Tonga and villages near them such as:
** Houma (Tongatapu)
** Houma ('Eua)
** Houma (Vava'u)
# Iowa Lake Township, Emmet County, Iowa

Iowa Lake Township is one of twelve townships in Emmet County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 145.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Iowa Lake Township covers an area of 28.66 square miles (74.24 square kilometers); of this, 28.08 square miles (72.74 square kilometers, 97.98 percent) is land and 0.58 square miles (1.5 square kilometers, 2.02 percent) is water.

### Adjacent townships

* Eagle Township, Kossuth County (east)
* Swea Township, Kossuth County (southeast)
* Armstrong Grove Township (south)
* Swan Lake Township (southwest)
* Lincoln Township (west)

### Major highways

* Iowa Highway 15

## School districts

* Armstrong-Ringsted Community School District

## Political districts

* Iowa's 4th congressional district
* State House District 7
* State Senate District 4
# Anna of Lorraine

Anna of Lorraine (25 July 1522 – 15 May 1568) was a princess of the House of Lorraine. She was Princess of Orange by her first marriage to René of Châlon, and Duchess of Aarschot by her second marriage to Philippe II of Croÿ.

## Life

Anna was the daughter of Antoine the Good, Duke of Lorraine and Renée of Bourbon-Montpensier. Her maternal grandparents were Gilbert of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier, and Clara Gonzaga. Her brothers were Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur.
Her father – Antoine, Duke of Lorraine – was originally promised Mary Tudor, the younger sister of King Henry VIII of England, as a bride by King Francis I of France after the death of Francis' predecessor, King Louis XII of France, on 1 January 1515. However, Mary Tudor married Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk instead. After the death of Henry VIII's third wife, Jane Seymour, on 24 October 1537, potential new brides were suggested to him: Christina of Denmark, Louise of Guise, Anne of Cleves, Amalia of Cleves, and Anna of Lorraine.
Hans Holbein the Younger was dispatched to Lorraine to paint a portrait of Anna for the King. Henry VIII chose Anne of Cleves as his new bride, and married her on 6 January 1540, only to have the marriage annulled on 12 July 1540. Henry VIII swiftly remarried Catherine Howard on 28 July 1540, ruling out Anna of Lorraine as a potential bride.
Anna of Lorraine married René of Châlon, Prince of Orange on 22 August 1540 at Bar-le-Duc. They had a single daughter, Maria, born in 1544, who only lived three weeks and was buried in the Grote Kerk at Breda.
René died in 1544, and all of his lands were inherited by William the Silent, his cousin. Anna remarried to Philip II, Duke of Aarschot, on 9 July 1548. They had one son, Charles Philippe de Croÿ, born on 1 September 1549 in Brussels. He was the Prince of Croÿ and in 1580 married Diane de Dommartin (1550 – after 1635), Countess of Fontenoy-le-Château. He died on 25 November 1613 in Burgundy.
She died in Diest.
# Bitam

Bitam is a town in northern Gabon on the N2 road on the border with Cameroon. As of the 2013 census, its population is 27,923.
It is home to a large market and an airport.
A small Jewish community composed of former Christians has developed in Bitam. The community practices Jewish customs, but does not yet have a synagogue.

## Climate

Climate data for Bitam (1961–1990 normals, extremes 1946–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.5 (104.9) | 37.0 (98.6) | 38.0 (100.4) | 38.4 (101.1) | 38.5 (101.3) | 32.3 (90.1) | 38.0 (100.4) | 33.1 (91.6) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.5 (95.9) | 35.0 (95.0) | 40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.4 (86.7) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.6 (85.3) | 28.3 (82.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.8 (83.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.2 (75.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.3 (75.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.4 (75.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.2 (68.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.9 (67.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 13.2 (55.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 14.4 (57.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 15.5 (59.9) | 13.5 (56.3) | 14.8 (58.6) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.0 (62.6) | 13.5 (56.3) | 14.5 (58.1) | 12.0 (53.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42.5 (1.67) | 72.6 (2.86) | 175.3 (6.90) | 119.2 (4.69) | 207.2 (8.16) | 131.8 (5.19) | 48.0 (1.89) | 63.9 (2.52) | 228.6 (9.00) | 282.2 (11.11) | 175.2 (6.90) | 59.7 (2.35) | 1,606.2 (63.24) |
| Average rainy days | 3.8 | 6.8 | 12.5 | 14.4 | 16.1 | 11.1 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 17.8 | 21.3 | 14.8 | 6.1 | 138.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 78 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 85 | 84 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 119.8 | 120.9 | 127.9 | 136.9 | 135.9 | 111.0 | 84.0 | 66.3 | 93.0 | 113.8 | 119.9 | 116.6 | 1,346 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 32 | 36 | 34 | 38 | 36 | 31 | 22 | 18 | 26 | 31 | 34 | 32 | 31 |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (extremes) ||||||||||||||
# Australian Teachers of Media

The Australian Teachers Of Media or ATOM is an independent, not-for-profit, teachers association that promotes the study of media and screen literacy. The membership of ATOM includes a collective of educators from across all subject disciplines at all levels of education, the screen media industry and, increasingly, the general public interested in the media.
ATOM aims to foster and encourage a generation of students who are both media-literate and technologically savvy.
The Victorian chapter is responsible for the ATOM Awards that have been presented annually since 1982. The awards celebrate the best of Australian screen content from and for the education sector and screen industry professionals. ATOM formerly published Australia's longest running film publications, Metro Magazine and Screen Education; creates and distributes education resources including study guides; and hosts professional development for screen and teachers.
Metro Magazine is an international film and screen culture journal specialising in Australasian and Pacific film. The magazine also covers television, video, multimedia, the Internet and radio. It is a refereed journal that has been published quarterly since 1974. The ISSN is 0312-2654.
Through the publishing of the two magazines, and through convening the ATOM Awards and the ATOM Australian International Multimedia Awards, ATOM actively promotes media literacy in Australia and internationally.
# Nellivananathar Temple

Nellivananathar Temple, also known as Thirunellikaa, is a Hindu temple in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The presiding deity is Shiva.
# Blackwater Valley Path

51°14′24″N 0°47′10″W﻿ / ﻿51.240°N 0.786°W﻿ / 51.240; -0.786
The Blackwater Valley Path follows the River Blackwater from its source in the Rowhill Nature Reserve in Aldershot to just beyond the point where it joins the River Whitewater near Swallowfield to become the Broadwater. This long-distance route covers 23 miles (37 km) and closely follows the River Blackwater using public rights-of-way as well as permissive footpaths and is waymarked. It is looked after by the Blackwater Valley Countryside Partnership.
The Surrey Heath section includes informal parks on reclaimed land at Blackwater Park and Watchmoor.
# IQGAP2

Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IQGAP2 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a member of the IQGAP family. The protein contains three IQ domains, one calponin homology domain, one Ras-GAP domain and one WW domain. It interacts with components of the cytoskeleton, with cell adhesion molecules, and with several signaling molecules to regulate cell morphology and motility.

## Interactions

IQGAP2 has been shown to interact with CDC42 and RAC1.
# 1998 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship

The 1998 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 33rd edition of the World Championship The Championship was held as a Grand Prix series over ten rounds.
Alexander Balashov of Russia won his third World title.

## Classification

| Pos | Rider |
| 1 | Alexander Balashov |
| 2 | Kirilł Drogalin |
| 3 | Vyacheslav Nikulin |
| 4 | Vladimir Lumpov |
| 5 | Per-Olof Serenius |
| 6 | Stefan Svensson |
| 7 | Vladimir Fadeev |
| 8 | Juri Polikarpov |
| 9 | Igor Jakowlev |
| 10 | Oleg Chomitsch |
| 11 | Antonin Klatovsky |
| 12 | Jari Ahlbom |
| 13 | Tjitte Bootsma |
| 14 | Aki-Ala Rihimäki |
| 15 | Lars-Olof Jansson |
| 16 | Franz Zorn |
| 17 | Ola Westlund |
| 18 | Antti Aakko |
# Augusta and Florida Railway

The Augusta and Florida Railway (A&F) was incorporated in 1904 and operated a line between Keysville and Midville, Georgia, USA. The railway company was chartered on November 16, 1904, with an initial capital stock of $1 million to build about 60 miles (97 km) of line from Augusta to Midville. Construction began soon after incorporation with 16 miles (26 km) of track completed by December 1904. The A&F was sold in pieces to the Georgia and Florida Railway in 1907 and 1910. Several lines in and around Augusta made connections to the line in 1907 in association with the Georgia & Florida purchase.
# Blace, Croatia

Blace is a small village in Croatia. The village is located in a small bay in the southern side of Neretva Delta. The nearby cities include Ploče and Opuzen. The huge beach, a few kilometers north from the village, is well-known for kitesurfing due to its shallow water.
There is no hotel in the village but a majority of houses offer private rooms for rental.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 273.
# Blace, Prozor-Rama

Blace is a village in the municipality of Prozor-Rama, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 86.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 61 | 70.9% |
| Croats | 25 | 29.1% |
| Serbs | 0 | 0.0% |
| other/undeclared | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | 86 | 100% |
# Nepal at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics

Nepal competed at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway from 12 to 21 February 2016.

## Alpine skiing
### Boys

| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Saphal-Ram Shrestha | Slalom | DNF | DNF | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Saphal-Ram Shrestha | Giant slalom | DNF | DNF | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Nepal at the 2016 South Asian Games

Nepal participated in the 2016 South Asian Games in Guwahati and Shillong, India from 5 February to 16 February 2016. First Gold Medal for Nepal was given by Wushu player Nima Gharti Magar. Similarly, Judo Player Fupu Lahmu Khatri give second success for Nepal winning Gold medal in Judo. Later, Nepal won Men's Football Gold Medal.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

Nepal won 3 gold and a total of 61 medals.
| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Wushu | 1 | 10 | 1 | 12 |
| Judo | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
| Football | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Taekwondo | 0 | 7 | 3 | 10 |
| Swimming | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Weightlifting | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Triathlon | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Boxing | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Badminton | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Kho-Kho | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Squash | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Table tennis | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Wrestling | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Archery | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Athletics | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Field hockey | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Kabaddi | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Volleyball | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cycling | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Handball | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Shooting | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tennis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Totals (22 entries) | 3 | 23 | 35 | 61 |
# Australian Bank

Australian Bank (ABL) was an Australian retail bank that operated between 1981 and 1989. It was established by Perth businessman Garrick Agnew (its first chairman) and Sydney-based Mark Johnson (its first CEO). Johnson was also a co-founder of Macquarie Group.

## History

At the time of its establishment in 1981, it was the first new trading bank in Australia since 1945.
In the late 1970s, Agnew had expressed concerns that Australian banks were not sufficiently competitive. During a discussion with fellow Western Australian John Stone (then Secretary to the Treasury), Stone suggested (possibly in jest) that, if Agnew were so concerned, he should establish a bank of his own.
The bank opened offices in Perth (190 St George's Terrace), Sydney (17 O’Connell Street) and Melbourne (400 Collins Street, moving to 395 Collins Street from mid 1985).
Whilst initially successful, the bank soon struggled in the wake of the turmoil in the Australian banking environment during the mid to late 1980s, particularly with bad debts arising from overseas loan funding following the floating of the Australian Dollar in December 1983.
The bank downsized through a series of staff redundancies commencing in early 1986, and finally wound up in February 1989 following its purchase by State Bank of Victoria.
# Nelson rules

Nelson rules are a method in process control of determining whether some measured variable is out of control (unpredictable versus consistent). Rules for detecting "out-of-control" or non-random conditions were first postulated by Walter A. Shewhart in the 1920s. The Nelson rules were first published in the October 1984 issue of the Journal of Quality Technology in an article by Lloyd S Nelson.
The rules are applied to a control chart on which the magnitude of some variable is plotted against time. The rules are based on the mean value and the standard deviation of the samples.
| Rule | Description | Problem Indicated |
| Rule 1 | One point is more than 3 standard deviations from the mean. | One sample (two shown in this case) is grossly out of control. |
| Rule 2 | Nine (or more) points in a row are on the same side of the mean. | Some prolonged bias exists. |
| Rule 3 | Six (or more) points in a row are continually increasing (or decreasing). | A trend exists. |
| Rule 4 | Fourteen (or more) points in a row alternate in direction, increasing then decreasing. | This much oscillation is beyond noise. Note that the rule is concerned with directionality only. The position of the mean and the size of the standard deviation have no bearing. |
| Rule 5 | Two (or three) out of three points in a row are more than 2 standard deviations from the mean in the same direction. | There is a medium tendency for samples to be mediumly out of control. The side of the mean for the third point is unspecified. |
| Rule 6 | Four (or five) out of five points in a row are more than 1 standard deviation from the mean in the same direction. | There is a strong tendency for samples to be slightly out of control. The side of the mean for the fifth point is unspecified. |
| Rule 7 | Fifteen points in a row are all within 1 standard deviation of the mean on either side of the mean. | With 1 standard deviation, greater variation would be expected. |
| Rule 8 | Eight points in a row exist, but none within 1 standard deviation of the mean, and the points are in both directions from the mean. | Jumping from above to below while missing the first standard deviation band is rarely random. |
The above eight rules apply to a chart of a variable value.
A second chart, the moving range chart, can also be used but only with rules 1, 2, 3 and 4. Such a chart plots a graph of the maximum value - minimum value of N adjacent points against the time sample of the range.
An example moving range: if N = 3 and values are 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5 then the sets of adjacent points are (1,3,5) (3,5,3) (5,3,3) (3,3,2) (3,2,4) (2,4,5) resulting in moving range values of (5-1) (5-3) (5-3) (3-2) (4-2) (5-2) = 4, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3.
Applying these rules indicates when a potential "out of control" situation has arisen. However, there will always be some false alerts and the more rules applied the more will occur. For some processes, it may be beneficial to omit one or more rules. Equally there may be some missing alerts where some specific "out of control" situation is not detected. Empirically, the detection accuracy is good.