OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isabella Offenbach Maas

Isabella Offenbach Maas (March 11, 1817 – February 19, 1891) was an opera singer, pianist and the older sister of composer Jacques Offenbach. She was born in Cologne, Germany and is known for bringing the opera to Galveston, Texas.

## Early life and education

Isabella was one of ten children of Isaac Juda Offenbach, né Eberst (1779–1850) and his wife Marianne, née Rindskopf (c. 1783–1840). Isaac, who came from a musical family, had abandoned his original trade as a bookbinder and earned an itinerant living as a cantor in synagogues and playing the violin in cafés. He was generally known as "der Offenbacher", after his native town, Offenbach am Main, and in 1808 he officially adopted Offenbach as a surname. In 1816 he settled in Cologne, where he became established as a teacher, giving lessons in singing, violin, flute, and guitar, and composing both religious and secular music.
Isabella played piano in a trio with her brothers Jacob (Jacques) cello, and Julius (violin). They performed popular dance music and operatic arrangements at local dance halls, inns and cafés.

## Biography

Maas met her husband, Samuel Maas, during one of her European tours and they were married in Cologne in 1844. Maas and her husband moved to Galveston, her husband's home town, that same year.
Maas's son, Max, built a stage in his home for his mother to perform.
After their fourth child, the couple separated and Maas moved into her daughter's home, living there for nearly 40 years. The home at 1727 Sealy Avenue in Galveston has a Texas State Historical Marker. The house was built in 1886 on the site of another house which had burned down in 1885.
The Galveston Daily News posted that she was "dangerously ill" on February 19, 1891. She died that day.
# Barza

Barza may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Barza, a village in the commune of Dănești, Gorj
* Barza, a village in Crișcior Commune, Hunedoara County
* Barza, a village in Tufeni Commune, Olt County
* Barza, a village in the commune of Budești, Vâlcea

## Other

* Bârza, a commune in Olt County
* Barza, the Hungarian name for Bârsa Commune, Arad County
# 2011 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships – Women's team pursuit

The Women's team pursuit race of the 2011 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships was held on March 13 at 15:30 local time.

## Results

| Rank | Pair | Country | Athletes | Time | Deficit |
| | 1 | Canada | Christine Nesbitt Brittany Schussler Cindy Klassen | 2:59.74 | |
| | 4 | Netherlands | Ireen Wüst Diane Valkenburg Marrit Leenstra | 3:00.43 | +0.69 |
| | 3 | Germany | Stephanie Beckert Isabell Ost Claudia Pechstein | 3:01.82 | +2.08 |
| 4 | 2 | Japan | Eriko Ishino Masako Hozumi Miho Takagi | 3:03.20 | +3.46 |
| 5 | 3 | Norway | Hege Bøkko Ida Njåtun Mari Hemmer | 3:04.26 | +4.52 |
| 6 | 4 | Russia | Yekaterina Lobysheva Yekaterina Shikhova Yevgenia Dmitrieva | 3:05.28 | +5.54 |
| 7 | 2 | Poland | Luiza Złotkowska Natalia Czerwonka Katarzyna Woźniak | 3:06.30 | +6.56 |
| 8 | 1 | United States | Heather Richardson Jilleanne Rookard Rebekah Bradford | 3:10.76 | +11.02 |
# Iridictyon

Iridictyon is a small genus of damselflies in the family Calopterygidae. It contains only two species, both known only from Guyana and Venezuela:
* Iridictyon myersi Needham & Fisher, 1940 – Tepui shinywing
* Iridictyon trebbaui Rácenis, 1968 – White-banded shinywing
# Brian Clarke (disambiguation)

Brian Clarke (born 1953) is a British painter, set-designer and architectural artist.
Brian Clarke may also refer to:
* Brian Clarke (footballer, born 1968), English former footballer
* Brian Clarke (Gaelic footballer) (born c. 1975), Irish Gaelic footballer (Kerry)
* Brian Patrick Clarke (born 1952), American actor
* Brian Clarke (author) (born 1938), English author, journalist and angler
# Brevundimonas aveniformis

Brevundimonas aveniformis is a gram-negative, rod-like, stalk-producing bacterium belonging to the genus Brevundimonas.
# 2011 Empire Trnava Cup

The 2011 Empire Trnava Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament, part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Trnava, Slovakia between 1 and 7 August 2011.

## WTA entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| CZE | Sandra Záhlavová | 126 | 1 |
| CZE | Renata Voráčová | 127 | 2 |
| AUT | Yvonne Meusburger | 139 | 3 |
| ROU | Alexandra Cadanţu | 151 | 4 |
| RUS | Ekaterina Ivanova | 174 | 5 |
| POL | Magda Linette | 175 | 6 |
| BUL | Elitsa Kostova | 176 | 7 |
| SVK | Kristína Kučová | 178 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of July 25, 2011.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Klára Fabíková
* Michaela Frlicka
* Veronika Kolářová
* Nikola Vajdová
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Dijana Banoveć
* Viktorija Golubic
* Anna Karolína Schmiedlová
* Romana Tabak

## Champions
### Singles

Yvonne Meusburger def. Elitsa Kostova, 0–6, 6–2, 6–0

### Doubles

Janette Husárová / Renata Voráčová def. Jana Čepelová / Lenka Wienerová, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 6–1
# Norman Whitehead

Norman Whitehead (1915–1983) was a landscape painter, working chiefly around his hometown Alfreton, Derbyshire. Active mainly in the 1930s he was greatly influenced by the works of Paul Nash and the Vorticism movement, experimenting with form and developing a style which was very much his own.

## Biography

Whitehead was encouraged in art by teachers at school, and at the age of 15 joined Alfreton Art Club. However, on leaving school he joined the family haulage business, becoming a driver for the firm, which widened his horizons as he drove around the countryside. He also became the firm's bookkeeper, but lacking training for the task, he made errors, leading to an investigation in 1935 by the Inland Revenue. His mother blamed him, and banished him to the coal-house, where he lived for years.
In the meantime he had started to paint, and through this began to mix with socially liberal people, through whom he became aware of the growing pacifist movement, to which he was attracted. In 1938 Whitehead visited London for the first time, to attend a Peace Pledge Union (PPU) rally at Friends' House, Euston Road. The following year he went to London again, to seek advice from the PPU about registering as a conscientious objector in the likely event of war. While there, he met Mrs Jan Gordon, art critic of The Observer, who illustrated her article in the newspaper with his paintings, describing his work as 'touched by genius'.
Whitehead's pacifism was now confirmed, and in World War II he was registered by the Local Tribunal as a conscientious objector, conditional upon driving an ambulance in Derbyshire. He later regretted his decision not to "stand up to Fascism". This perceived lack of action and the rift with his mother, during which a number of his paintings were destroyed, conspired to frustrate his ambition to become a professional artist and perhaps prevented his being recognised in British Modernist art. After 1947 he never painted again.
The majority of Whitehead's paintings were stored in the loft of the family home until shortly before his death, when he attempted to catalogue them. In 1998 his widow donated his work (1933–1939), a few hundred paintings, to local museums.
Norman Whitehead's paintings are now on permanent display in a dedicated gallery of the Ilkeston Erewash Museum.
# Noni Bhoumik

Noni Bhoumik (Bangla: ননী ভৌমিক; 1921–1996) was a Bengali writer and translator, primarily known for his translations of Russian literature into Bengali.
He was born in Rangpur, Bengal Presidency, in British India, and studied in Rangpur and Pabna before moving to Birbhum. A committed leftist from an early age, he joined the Communist Party and was active in anti-fascist progressive circles. He was arrested and jailed for his political activism. He saw from up close the cataclysmic events that shook Bengal in the 1940s, namely the Bengal famine, the 1946 riots, the Tebhaga movement, etc. His experiences inspired books such as the short story collection Dhankana and the novel Dhulomati. Other books include Choitrodin and Agontuk. He also edited the journal Porichoy, as a result of which he became closely acquainted with the writer Sulekha Sanyal.
However, without advancing the relationship further, Bhoumik left for Moscow in 1957, where he had been hired by Progress Publishers to translate Soviet and Russian books into Bengali. It is in this role that he reached a wide audience in both West Bengal and post-independence Bangladesh. Bhoumik translated or co-translated numerous works of Russian literature, among them works by Pushkin, Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky. He translated John Reed's Ten Days that Shook the World into Bengali. He gained special renown for his masterful translations of Russian children's books, many of which continue to be read to this day. Among the children's writers he translated are:
* Nikolai Nosov
* Arkadi Gaidar
* Pyotr Manteifel
* Anatoly Aleksin
His own original writing suffered as a result of his prolific translation work. However, he did write a book on his Soviet travels, titled Moru o Monjori. He married in Russia and remained there for the rest of his life. It reported that he died in a road accident in 1996.
He was responsible for recruiting the translator Arun Shom to Moscow in 1974. His life and work was commemorated in two editions of the West Bengal literary journal Katharup.
# 2011–12 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship

The 2011–12 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship was the eighth staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2004.
The All-Ireland final was played on 11 February 2012 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Mount Leinster Rangers from Carlow and Middletown Na Fianna from Armagh. Mount Leinster Rangers won the match by 1-13 to 1-11 to become the first Carlow club to claim an All-Ireland title.

## Results
### Leinster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship

Final

### Munster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship

Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final

### All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship

Final
# Iroquois homeobox factor

Iroquois homeobox factors are a family of homeodomain transcription factors that play a role in many developmental processes. The loci were named for the flies carrying mutations in one of these genes, which are devoid of all bristles in the lateral part of the notum, leaving only a median stripe of bristles, similar to the Iroquois tribes which shaved all but a medial stripe of hairs on the head.
Human genes that encode Iroquois homeobox factors include:
* IrxA sub-group: IRX1, IRX2, IRX4
* IrxB sub-group: IRX3, IRX5, IRX6
* Iroquois-like gene: MKX
# Bart FM Droog

Bartelomeus Frederik Maria (Bart FM) Droog (born 18 February 1966, Emmen) is a Dutch poet, anthologist and researcher.
As a poet, Droog performed on stages inside and outside the Netherlands, notably with De Dichters uit Epibreren, a group consisting of the poets Droog and Tjitse Hofman and the musician Jan Klug, which he co-founded. De Dichters uit Epibreren existed from 1994 to 2011; in 2003 they were awarded the Johnny van Doorn Prize for Spoken Literature. Droog took stage in Iran, Armenia, South Africa and many European countries.
In 2002, the city council of Groningen appointed Droog as the first stadsdichter (city poet), for a three year period. In that period he developed the concept of 'De eenzame uitvaart' (The Lonely Funeral): the city poet writes a poem for the deceased without relatives and reads the poem at the funeral. Poets in other cities in the Netherlands and Flanders adopted this idea. Droog was, from 2008 to 2010, also the city poet of his town of birth.
He established the Stichting Nederlandse Poëzie Encyclopedie (Foundation Dutch Poetry Encyclopedia), of which the main goals are to spread Dutch poetry and the knowledge of Dutch language poetry, including through the online Poetry Encyclopedia, the Nederlandse Poëzie Encyclopedie.
From 2013 onwards, Droog also works as an investigative journalist. Subjects he has published about include:
* An unsolved murder case in Groningen's squatters scene in 1990
* Forged poems by Adolf Hitler
* The probably wrong attribution of a painting to Adolf Hitler by the Dutch Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (NIOD), a study that was widely cited internationally
* Hendrik de Jong ('the Dutch Jack the Ripper')
* The controversy surrounding the admittance of Ad van Liempt to the degree of doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) at the State University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen) in May 2019.
# Isambart

Isambart (died after 806), Count in Thurgau, also known as Isambard the Saxon was an 8th-century count (comes) in the Frankish lands of Saxony and Master of the Palace at Altdorf in Alamannia.

## Life

He was born about 750 AD in Narbonne, France the son of Warin I, documented as count in Thurgau, and his wife Adalindis, a daughter of Duke Hildeprand of Spoleto and his wife Regarde.
Isanbart himself was first mentioned as a Thurgau count in 774 and made significant donations to the Abbey of Saint Gall. He was Greve, Comte, of Altorf and Master of the Palace.
His wife was Thiedrada (Thietrate), of Carolingian origin, and he was the father of
* Hedwig (Heilwig; d. after 833), married Count Welf;
* Adalung, abbot of Lorsch 804–837;
* Adalindis
With a second wife he had Hunfrid I of Istria, Guelph of Andechs and the Brother of Bouchard "the Constable", and Alberic I de Narbonne.
He died after 806 AD in Saxony.
# Irving Sayles

Irving Sayles (1872 – 8 February 1914) was an African-American vaudeville entertainer. He spent much of his life in Australia as a popular minstrel show performer, touring the Tivoli circuit. He performed coon songs and employed a self-deprecating humor involving comic interpretations of plantation slavery that reinforced negative racial stereotypes.

## Early years and work in Australia

Irving Sayles was born in Quincy, Illinois, to Melinda (née Wilson) and Josephus Sayles. He reported his year of birth as 1872. He became a member of Haverly's United Mastodon Minstrels at a young age. In 1888 he traveled to Australia as part of the Hicks-Sawyer Minstrels, the second company that minstrelsy manager Charles Hicks brought to Australia. That September, the group played the Opera House in Sydney, where Sayles performed a solo piece and played the tambourine. Following a leg in Tasmania, Hicks wrote in 1890 that Sayles was the hit of their trip, saying that "[h]is song, 'Father of a Little Black Coon,' gets three and four encores nightly." After the minstrel group broke up in 1890, Sayles went to Melbourne, where he worked for Frank Clark. He met Charlie Pope and the two formed a double act, with Pope playing the straight man. They worked for theatre owner Harry Rickards.

## Later life

Sayles entered Australia prior to the White Australia policy and the Immigration Restriction Act 1901. He participated in amateur races and in 1897 he married Englishwoman Edith Carter in Melbourne. From 1909 until his death he partnered with Les Warton. He made a long run as the cornerman "Tambo" and appeared on the cover of Theatre magazine in 1911.

## Death

Sayles died suddenly from a blood clot on 8 February 1914 in Christchurch, New Zealand, after performing on the Brennan-Fuller vaudeville circuit as part of Fuller's Vaudeville Company. He was 42. He was buried in Linwood.
# Irving Sablosky

Irving Sablosky (March 5, 1924 – August 3, 2016) was an American diplomat, lecturer, and teacher.

## Biography

Sablosky was born on March 5, 1924, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and went to Shortridge High School in 1941. After high school, he attended the Indiana University School of Music. In 1943, he joined the army and was initially sent to Fort Benning, Georgia, and then England for training. Sablosky was in the 106th Infantry Division. His unit was overrun during the Battle of the Bulge and Sablosky was taken prisoner by the Germans and was sent to Stalag IV-B, 60 miles south of Berlin. He was liberated on April 23, 1945 by the Red Army.
Once he returned to the United States, he reenrolled at Indiana University School of Music and wrote for the school paper, The Indiana Daily Student. After graduating in 1947, he became a music critic with the Chicago Daily News. In 1957, he joined the United States Information Agency. In 1958, he was sent to his first diplomatic post in Korea. He was then sent to Hamburg, Germany to be a cultural affairs officer. He went to the University of Chicago for American Studies from 1963 to 1964. He retired from the Foreign Service in 1980 and became an international lecturer. He was the author of American Music. Irving Sablosky died of cancer on August 3, 2016, at his home in Washington, DC.
# 1996–97 Venezuelan Primera División season

The 1996–97 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 12 teams. The national champions were Caracas.

## Torneo Apertura
### Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Minervén | 22 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 33 | 15 | +18 | 43 |
| 2 | Atlético Zulia | 22 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 31 | 20 | +11 | 43 |
| 3 | Unión Atlético Táchira | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 35 | 19 | +16 | 41 |
| 4 | Caracas | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 28 | 20 | +8 | 38 |
| 5 | Mineros de Guayana | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 31 | 24 | +7 | 38 |
| 6 | Estudiantes de Mérida | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 21 | 23 | −2 | 31 |
| 7 | Trujillanos | 22 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 25 | 20 | +5 | 30 |
| 8 | Deportivo Italia | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 28 | 32 | −4 | 28 |
| 9 | Llaneros | 22 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 22 | 32 | −10 | 22 |
| 10 | Atlético El Vigía | 22 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 26 | −9 | 21 |
| 11 | Valencia | 22 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 15 | 29 | −14 | 18 |
| 12 | Nacional Táchira | 22 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 15 | 40 | −25 | 12 |

### Apertura Playoff
## Torneo Clausura
### Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Caracas | 18 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 36 | 18 | +18 | 36 |
| 2 | Unión Atlético Táchira | 18 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 32 | 18 | +14 | 35 |
| 3 | Estudiantes de Mérida | 18 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 21 | 14 | +7 | 29 |
| 4 | Trujillanos | 18 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 19 | 17 | +2 | 25 |
| 5 | Mineros de Guayana | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 30 | 29 | +1 | 25 |
| 6 | Atlético Zulia | 18 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 24 |
| 7 | Minervén | 18 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 20 | 19 | +1 | 23 |
| 8 | Deportivo Italia | 18 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 20 | 28 | −8 | 23 |
| 9 | Llaneros | 18 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 23 | 25 | −2 | 21 |
| 10 | Atlético El Vigía | 18 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 7 | 40 | −33 | 2 |
# Ibn Bibi

Ibn Bibi was a Persian historiographer and the author of the primary source for the history of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rum during the 13th century. He served as head of the chancellery of the Sultanate in Konya and reported on contemporary events. His best known book is Selçukname.

## Family

Ibn Bibi’s father, a native of Gorgan, lived for a time at the court of the Jalal al-Din Kwarezmshah and later worked at the Seljuq chancellery. His mother, Bi Bi Monajemeh Nishaburi, was a famous astrologer from Nishapur invited to Konya by Kayqubad I. The family was part of an exodus of Persian intellectuals from Mongol-dominated Iran.

## el-Evâmirü'l-Alâiyye fi'l-umûri'l-Alâiyye

Ibn Bibi’s memoir is written in Persian and covers the period between 1192 and 1280. A single manuscript, produced for Kaykhusraw III, survives in Istanbul (Aya Sofya 2985). An abridged Persian version called Mukhtaṣar was produced during the author's lifetime in 1284-85. An Ottoman Turkish adaptation, sometimes called the Seljukname, is included in the Oğuzname of the early 15th century court historian Yazicioğlu Ali. Several manuscripts of the latter survive in Ankara, Berlin, Istanbul, Leiden, St Petersburg, Moscow, and Paris.
H.W. Duda supplies the definitive text with a German translation in his Die Seltschukengeschichte des Ibn Bībī (Copenhagen 1959). A facsimile of Aya Sofya 2985 with an introduction by A.S. Erzi is published as El-Evāmirü'l-'Alā'iyye fī'l-Umuri'l-'Ala'iyye, Türk Tarih Kurumu Publications I, Serial No: 4a (Ankara, 1957).
# Burgonet

The burgonet helmet (sometimes called a burgundian sallet) was a Renaissance-era and early modern combat helmet. It was the successor of the sallet.

## Characteristics

The burgonet helmet is characterised by a skull with a large fixed or hinged peak projecting above the face-opening, and usually an integral, keel-like, crest or comb running from front to rear. Attached to the skull are substantial hinged cheekpieces which usually do not meet at the chin or throat. A flange projects from the lower parts of the skull and cheekpieces to protect the back and sides of the neck. Though typically a relatively light helmet and open faced, a falling buffe, a sort of visor that was closed by being drawn up rather than down, was sometimes used. Some helmets, often termed "close burgonets", were made which took elements, such as the peak, crest and falling buffe, of the burgonet and combined them with the hinged bevor of the close helmet.

## Use

Commonplace throughout Europe, it first came into use early in the 16th century and had attained its classic form by c. 1550. Accompanied by plate armour, burgonets were mostly worn by cavalry, such as demi-lancers and cuirassiers.
The Border Reivers, of the English-Scottish borderlands, were very fond of burgonets and the morion in Elizabethan times, and as a result reivers were often called steil (steel) bonnets.
Burgonets were also a popular helmet type among the Polish winged hussars, where they merged with types of lobster-tailed pot helmets (Zischägge), often featuring a nasal bar or facial guard.
The burgonet was common among the mercenary Swiss infantry who were pikemen who could defend themselves against cavalry (perhaps taking helmets of this form as trophies). Following the appearance of the Stahlhelm, Adrian, and Brodie helmets during the First World War, the Swiss experimented with a "streamlined" form of the burgonet for their own national helmet, but both designs were rejected.
The factors of utility of the burgonet over older helmets include:
* Cost—The main factor in the decision to wear one; burgonets were significantly cheaper than closed-face helmets due to having fewer hinges and locking mechanisms required to keep typical close helms closed.
* Encumbrance—Close helmets were slightly heavier, and while mobility was roughly similar, it could be hard for the wearer to see, and breathe freely during combat while wearing one. The burgonet, however, was light and had an open face that gave an advantage in close quarters combat.
* Protection—The burgonet was not as protective as heavier helms, but still protected most of the head. Having an open face could be remedied with a falling buffe.
* German burgonet, c. 1560, showing the open face of the helmet.
* Parade burgonet of Henry II of France, 16th century, Army Museum (Paris).
* An ornate parade burgonet, workshop of Filippo Negroli, 1543, Metropolitan Museum of Art
* An ornate burgonet with cheek-guards from the Philippine Moros (c. 18th/19th century), Museo de América.
# Palestine Popular Liberation Organization

Palestine Popular Liberation Organization (in Arabic: المنظمة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين) was a Palestinian political organization. It was formed in 1964, on the eve of the first session of the Palestinian National Council which was held in May 1964. The headquarters of the PPLO had reportedly been in Jordan.
The PPLO comprised three streams: left-wing Arab Nationalists (with its base of Palestinian refugees in Syria), former members of the Arab Socialist Baath Party and the Jordanian Communist Party and elements from the Palestinian communities in Jordan and Kuwait. Muhammad Fayyad and Ibrahim Khraysha were the leaders of the group.
In May–June 1969, the Palestinian Revolutionary Left League and the PPLO merged into the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PDFLP). According to a declassified CIA report, the PPLO broke off from the PDFLP after that, and in February 1970 joined the United Fedayeen Command.