OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aspleniineae

Aspleniineae is a suborder of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is equivalent to the clade eupolypods II in earlier systems; it is also treated as a single very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae. The suborder generally corresponds with the order Blechnales as described by J. L. Reveal in 1993. Aspleniineae includes some important ferns, including Onoclea sensibilis, the sensitive fern, which grows as a virtual weed throughout much of its temperate North American range, and ferns of the genus Thelypteris, a genus that has shown remarkable speciation. It also includes one of the more common horticultural ferns, Matteuccia struthiopteris, the ostrich fern.

## Taxonomy

In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the group is treated as the suborder Aspleniinae, and divided into 11 families. Alternatively, it may be treated as a single, very broadly circumscribed family Aspleniaceae sensu lato, which is then divided into subfamilies. The relationship between the two approaches is shown in the table below.
| PPG I | Christenhusz & Chase (2014) |
| Suborder Aspleniineae H.Schneid. & C.J.Rothf | Family Aspleniaceae Newman |
| Family Cystopteridaceae Shmakov | Subfamily Cystopteridoideae Ching & Z.R.Wang |
| Family Rhachidosoraceae X.C.Zhang | Subfamily Rhachidosoroideae M.L.Wang & Y.T.Hsieh |
| Family Diplaziopsidaceae X.C.Zhang & Christenh. | Subfamily Diplaziopsidoideae Christenh. |
| Family Desmophlebiaceae Mynssen | (The only genus was described after 2014.) |
| Family Hemidictyaceae Christenh. & H.Schneid. | Subfamily Asplenioideae Link |
| Family Aspleniaceae Newman | Subfamily Asplenioideae Link |
| Family Woodsiaceae Herter | Subfamily Woodsioideae Schmakov |
| Family Onocleaceae Pic.Serm. | Subfamily Blechnoideae Hook. |
| Family Blechnaceae Newman | Subfamily Blechnoideae Hook. |
| Family Athyriaceae Alston | Subfamily Athyrioideae B.K.Nayar |
| Family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. | Subfamily Thelypteridoideae C.F.Reed |

### Phylogenic relationships

The following diagram shows a likely phylogenic relationship between the families of Aspleniineae (as eupolypods II), based on Lehtonen (2011), and Rothfels & al. (2012).
# Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is a common species of fern known by the common name black spleenwort. It is found mostly in Africa, Europe, and Eurasia, but is also native to a few locales in Mexico and the United States.

## Description

This spleenwort has thick, triangular leaf blades up to 10 centimeters long which are divided into several subdivided segments. It is borne on a reddish green petiole and the rachis is shiny and slightly hairy. The undersides of each leaf segment have one or more sori arranged in chains.

## Taxonomy

Linnaeus was the first to describe black spleenwort with the binomial Asplenium adiantum-nigrum in his Species Plantarum of 1753.
A chloroplast phylogeny verified the allopolyploid origin of A. adiantum-nigrum, with A. cuneifolium supplying the paternal genome and A. onopteris the maternal genome.

## Native distribution

    Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is native to:

### Africa

* Northern and Southern Africa in: Algeria; Lesotho; Morocco; the provinces of South Africa including Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, and Western Cape; and Tunisia.

### Asia

* Western Asia and Central Asia in - the Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Cyprus; the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt; Kyrgyzstan; Ciscaucasia and Dagestan in Russia; and Turkey.

### Europe

* Albania; Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France (including Corsica); Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy (including Sardinia); the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal, Romania; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine (including Krym); the United Kingdom; and in the Balkan Peninsula (former Yugoslavia)

### Macaronesia

* Macaronesian archipelagoes of: the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands.

### North America

* Southwestern United States – Arizona, Colorado, and Utah

### Oceania

* Hawaii
In Hawaii, this native fern grows on cinder cones and lava flows, and it is present in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
# Astatotilapia tweddlei

Astatotilapia tweddlei is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is found in Malawi and Mozambique. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater lakes.
This species was placed in the genus Astatotilapia by FishBase which while stating that the taxonomy is uncertain, Haplochromis is in their view restricted to the rivers and lakes of the drainage basin of Lake Victoria and they tentatively place this species in Astatotilapia. The IUCN state that until further research is undertaken A. tweddlei should be regarded as restricted to Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta and their drainages, as well as probably through the drainage of the Ruvuma River. The specific name honours the fisheries scientist Denis Tweddle of the Malawi Fisheries Research Unit.
# Ryan St. Anne Scott

Ryan St. Anne Gevelinger (born 1953), also known as Ryan Gevelinger-Scott, formerly known as Ryan St. Anne Scott or Ryan Patrick Scott or Damien St. Anne, and born Randell Dean Stocks or Randall Dean Stocks, is an American self-proclaimed Traditionalist Catholic priest.

## Biography

Holy Rosary Abbey, an independent Benedictine monastery, has had multiple locations in the past decades. He belongs to the Sedevacantist movement which does not recognize the changes and reforms in the Roman Catholic Church following the Second Vatican Council.
Roman Catholic bishops and archbishops in several dioceses across the Midwestern United States have warned Catholics that they do not recognize him as a Catholic priest and have advised "the faithful" not to attend any Masses he performs or to receive sacraments from him. Bishops in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Peoria, Illinois, the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse, Wisconsin, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck, North Dakota, and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis, Missouri, among others, have issued warnings against him in the past decades. He indicated in 2005 that he answers to "Eternal Rome" and not to the current Pope.
He has a 1993 felony conviction for misconduct in public office in Edgerton, Wisconsin, where he served as comptroller and finance director. Accusations of financial misconduct and exploitation have also followed him in his later career as a self-proclaimed priest.
In 2011, he and his followers purchased the former county home in Buchanan County Iowa, and renamed the facility Buchanan Abbey. Since the purchase, he and his organization filed separate bankruptcy filings in both Illinois and Iowa.
In July 2014, he was located in Armstrong, Missouri, where he purchased an abandoned Methodist church. He did some repairs on the church and "held services" there. That building was later sold to another party.
In April 2015, he was charged in Howard County, Missouri with three felony counts of “financial exploitation of an elderly person.” The financial exploitation charges against him were dropped the following December after the complaining party recanted her story. He pleaded guilty to felon in possession of a firearm and received five years of probation and a suspended seven year sentence. He was charged under the name Ryan St. Anne Gevelinger. He apparently assumed this surname after he was legally adopted in 2010 by Roseanna Gevelinger, when she was about 82 and he was in his late 50s. He used the surname Scott in Armstrong and in previous locations. He has also used other names.
Scott's story had been chronicled by journalist Alex Schuman in the podcast, "Smoke Screen: Fake Priest" from Neon Hum Media. As of 2020, Scott lived in Savanna, Illinois. He continued to represent himself as a priest.
# S.M. Dev College, Lakhipur

S.M. Dev College, Lakhipur, established in 1995, is a major and private general degree college situated in Lakhipur, Cachar district, Assam. This college is affiliated with the Assam University.

## Departments
### Arts

* Bengali
* English
* History
* Economics
* Political Science

## Professors

* Shri Tapas Deb (Principal)
* Shri Pravahkar Sinha
* Dr Shimul Paul
* Dr Kalyan Sagolslem
* Shrimati Nomita Devi
# Aston Martin DB4 GT Jet

The Aston Martin DB4 GT Jet is a special model of the Aston Martin DB4 GT.
The car was revealed at the 1961 Geneva Motor Show by Gruppo Bertone and was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro who was only 22 years old at the time. It was based on the Aston Martin DB4 GT and was originally finished in light green and had a grey interior.

## Owners and restoration

According to its most recent auction listing, it was first in Beirut before being sent to the US. It's there that Victor Gauntlett, Aston Martin's Chairman found the car in bad shape and sent it back to the UK for a complete restoration by GTC Engineering under Kingsley Riding-Felce's supervision. The car had suffered an engine fire. The car was purchased by Hans-Peter Weidmann during its restoration which was completed in 1988. The car was offered for auction at Bonhams' "The Aston Martin Works Sale" in May 2013 and sold for £3,249,500 inc. premium. The car's chassis no. is 0201L and engine no. is 370/0201/GT.
# Association for International and Comparative Studies in Labour and Industrial Relations

The Association for International and Comparative Studies in Labour and Industrial Relations (ADAPT) is a non-profit organization that conducts and supports academic research in the field of labour and industrial relations.

## About

ADAPT works in collaboration with national and international partners. It was founded in 2000 by Professor Marco Biagi. and is based in Bergamo, Italy. ADAPT is engaged in research in collaboration with a network of national and international partners. ADAPT’s publications by ADAPT University Press are both online and in print: The Journal of Industrial Relations Law (in Italian), Labour Studies Book Series which is published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing, working papers, International Bulletin, and E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies (in English and Spanish).

## Higher Education

ADAPT offers two international PhD programs: The first is PhD in Labour Law at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in collaboration with the “Marco Biagi” Center for International and Comparative Studies and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and the second is PhD in Human Capital Formation and Labour Relations in collaboration with the University of Bergamo. Since their launch in 2007, the two PhD programs have enrolled 248 students and have graduated 138 PhDs. Since 2007, ADAPT has secured for its doctoral candidates 86 private scholarships through its partners and 85 public scholarships granted by the Italian Ministry of Higher Education and Research under an agreement.
# Astragalus pachypus

Astragalus pachypus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name thickpod milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it is known from many types of open habitat across the southern half of the state. This is a robust perennial herb forming stands of tough, wiry stems up to 80 centimeters tall. Leaves are up to about 16 centimeters long and are made up of many narrow leaflets. The plant flowers in inflorescences of 4 to 28 cream-colored flowers. The fruit is a sharp-beaked legume pod up to about 3 centimeters long which dries to a leathery, mostly hairless texture. There are two varieties of this species. The rarer, Jaeger's bush milkvetch (var. jaegeri), is known mostly from western Riverside County.
# Assessor

An assessor may be:
* Assessor (fish), a genus of fishes
* Assessor (law), the assistant to a judge or magistrate
* Assessor (Oxford), a senior officer of the University of Oxford
* Assessor (property), an expert who calculates the value of property
* Collegiate Assessor, a civil rank in Imperial Russia
* Assessor (Italy), a member of the executive board in Italian local government
* scabinus or its various derived offices, in English translation
* Assessor (horse)
# Astragalus hamosus

Astragalus hamosus, the southern milk vetch or European milk vetch, is a plant in the family Fabaceae.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Astragalus hamosus​. Encyclopedia of Life.
# SB 2500

The SB 2500 (Spezialbombe) was a luftmine or aerial mine in English used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.

## History

The SB series of bombs were designed to be high-capacity bombs that were intended to create the largest lateral blast effect on detonation. This was in contrast to most other German bombs, which were either armor-piercing, cluster bombs, fragmentation or incendiaries. Since the SB series was not designed to pierce armor or to create fragments, the casing of the series was very light, and the ratio of charge to weight was high at 65%, while the majority of general-purpose bombs were up to 50%.

## Design

The SB 2500 was constructed of three parts; a threaded cast steel nose plug, a welded sheet steel center section, and a welded sheet steel tail cone with four alloy tail fins. The SB 2500 was filled through the nose and the tail cone was hollow to increase the bombs charge to weight ratio. There were two transverse fuze pockets; the forward pocket housed the anti-break-up fuze and the rear pocket was for a normal impact fuze. The SB 2500 was fitted with an anti-breakup rod which extended from the nose plug to the forward fuse pocket, which on impact crushed the impact fuze and detonated the bomb. A central exploder tube also ran through the center of the bomb from the forward fuze pocket to the tail. The SB 2500 was suspended horizontally by reinforced H-type lugs. The SB 2500 was filled with either Amatol or Trialen 105. Trialen 105 was a mixture of 15% RDX, 70% TNT and 15% aluminum powder. Due to its thin case and powerful explosives, the SB 2500 was vulnerable to enemy gunfire.
# Astonfields Balancing Lakes

Astonfields Balancing Lakes is a local nature reserve on the north-eastern edge of Stafford, in Staffordshire, England.
The main purpose of the balancing lakes is flood defence; the site has also been developed for wildlife habitats. Its area is about 4 hectares (9.9 acres), and it is designated a Grade 1 Site of Biological Importance.

## History and description

The site of the lakes was once wet meadowland. The balancing lakes were constructed to help protect Stafford from flooding, the northern lake in the late 1970s, and the southern lake in 1990.
At the northern edge of the site is the former line of the Stafford and Uttoxeter Railway, now a cycle route. The Astonfields Industrial Estate, west of the lakes, was formerly a salt works, extracting saline groundwater; the salt-rich waste deposits remain.
The lakes are now important for wildlife, and the site is managed in order to protect and improve it. The northern lake is mostly open water, and has a small amount of vegetation. The southern lake, containing little open water, includes a reed bed and a small area of salt marsh. It provides a habitat for water rail and snipe. There are hedgerows and woodland at the fringes of the site, a habitat for various warblers and other species.
# At the Bier of a Young Artist

Carl Nielsen's At the Bier of a Young Artist (Ved en ung Kunstners Baare) for string orchestra, FS 58, was written for the funeral of the Danish painter Oluf Hartmann in January 1910.

## Background

Oluf Hartmann was the son of composer Emil Hartmann and the brother of Bodil Neergaard, the lady of Fuglsang Manor, a gathering place for musicians and artists on the Danish island of Lolland. Hartmann died on Sunday, 16 January 1910. By the following Wednesday, Nielsen had completed the draft of his "Andante lamentoso". Perhaps originally written for string quartet, the piece was later adapted by the composer for string orchestra.
The four-minute piece in E-flat minor was first performed by the Gade Quartet at Oluf Hartmann’s funeral on 21 January in the chapel at Holmen’s Cemetery in Copenhagen. By April 1912, Nielsen had adapted it for strings in connection with an Easter concert he conducted at the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen. He conducted the piece on several other occasions during his lifetime and it was also played at his funeral on 9 October 1931 by his son-in-law Emil Telmányi's chamber orchestra.
The piece has been known under different names. It was first entitled "Andante doloroso" for the concerts in Copenhagen in 1912 and then it became known as "Andante dolorosa (Ved en ung Kunstners Baare)" or "Andante dolorosa (At the Bier of a Young Artist)".

## Music

Writing in connection with Deutsche Grammophon's recording by the Emerson String Quartet, Anthony Burton writes: "In the dark key of E flat minor, with an initially subdued middle section in D major and a calm major-key ending, it has a poignant intensity quite remarkable for a work of its modest duration".
# Edmund Murray (priest)

Edmund Theodore Murray (16 August 1877 – 16 February 1969) was Archdeacon of Cheltenham from 1943 to 1951.
Murray was educated at Uppingham School and Christ's College, Cambridge, and ordained after a period of study at Leeds Clergy School in 1900. He served curacies at Bedale, Wymondham and Wem. He was Rector of Bourton-on-the-Hill from 1906 to 1946; during which time he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1917 to 1919. He was appointed an Honorary Canon of Gloucester Cathedral in 1938.
# Eden Roc (album)

Eden Roc (1999) is a music album by the Italian pianist Ludovico Einaudi. "Eden Roc" is the name of a number of localities and hotels around the world.
This album features strings by the Quartetto David and guest musician Djivan Gasparyan on duduk.
# Astronidium victoriae

Astronidium victoriae is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Fiji.
# Eduard Knirsch

Eduard Knirsch (1869 – 23 November 1955 in Vienna) was an Austrian doctor/dentist and entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. His collection is in Museum Victoria, Australia and the Field Museum in Chicago.
He published Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Deutsch-Ostafrikas, insbesondere des Matengo-Hochlandes (Contributions to the knowledge of insect-fauna of German East Africa, in particular the Matengo Highlands), based on collections of Hans Zerny (VIII, Coleóptera: 2. Scarabaeidae, subf. Cetoniinae).
# Athi elephant-snout fish

The Athi elephant-snout fish (Mormyrus tenuirostris) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Mormyridae. It is endemic to Kenya. Its natural habitat is rivers.
# SS-42

SS-42, SS 42 or SS42 may refer to:
* BAP Abtao (SS-42), a submarine of the Peruvian Navy
* SS 42 the road over both the Mendelpass and the Tonale Pass in Italy
* USS L-3 (SS-42), a submarine of the United States Navy which saw service during World War I
# Opera in the Heights

Opera in the Heights is a non-profit, regional opera company, which is housed in the historic Lambert Hall at 1703 Heights Boulevard in Houston, Texas.

## History

Opera in the Heights held its first Gala Opera Evening, a Fledermaus Party, in Lambert Hall on April 12, 1996. A few days later, an arsonist set fire to Lambert Hall, having poured flammables onto the piano and the backstage storage. A neighbor saw the fire in the early morning, and called the fire department, which arrived in minutes and saved the building.
Opera in the Heights held its next performance, a Gala II Concert, on May 11, 1996, with curtains hanging over fire-damaged walls. Clean-up from the fire was financed by this benefit concert, a dinner party, and the generosity of company members and neighbors.
# 1828 in France

Events from the year 1828 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles X
* Prime Minister – Joseph de Villèle (until 4 January), then Jean Baptiste Gay

## Events

* 4 January - Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph, comte de Villèle as Prime Minister of France.

## Births

* 8 February - Jules Verne, author (died 1905)
* 14 February - Edmond François Valentin About, novelist, publicist and journalist (died 1885)
* 15 April - Jean Danjou, French Foreign Legion (died 1863 in Mexico)
* 13 June - Elie Delaunay, painter (died 1891)
* 19 June - Charles Tellier, engineer (died 1913)
* 17 August - Maria Deraismes, author and pioneer for women's rights (died 1894)
* 10 November - Hector-Jonathan Crémieux, librettist and playwright (died 1892)
* 26 November - René Goblet, politician, Prime Minister of France (died 1905)

### Full date unknown

* Amédée Courbet, admiral (died 1885)
* Louise Laffon, photographer (died 1885)

## Deaths

* 10 January - François de Neufchâteau, statesman, poet, and scientist (born 1750)
* 29 January - Ambrose Maréchal, third Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland (born 1764)
* 15 May - Jean-Pierre Maransin, general (born 1770)
* 15 July - Jean-Antoine Houdon, sculptor (born 1741)
* 10 September - Antoine-François Andréossy, general and diplomat (born 1761)
* 3 November - Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles, statesman and Prime Minister (born 1767)
* 31 December - Louis-Benoît Picard, playwright (born 1769)

### Full date unknown

* Joseph Frédéric Bérard, physician and philosopher (born 1789)
* François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas, statesman (born 1756)
# Kępiny

Kępiny may refer to the following places:
* Kępiny, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
* Kępiny, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Kępiny, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Donald R. Herriott

Donald R. Herriott (February 4, 1928 – November 8, 2007) was an American physicist who is known for his contributions to interferometry, and for his efforts towards perfecting the techniques of high-resolution lithography. Herriott also helped bring the first helium-neon laser into operation. He was the president of the Optical Society of America in 1984.

## Life and career

Herriott was born in Rochester, New York to William and Lois (née Denton) Herriott.
During 1945–49, Herriott completed his undergraduate studies in physics at Duke University, and later studied optics at the University of Rochester, followed by electrical engineering at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now part of New York University). From 1949 to 1956 he worked at the Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, while still attending the University of Rochester. His research involved thin films, interferometry, and measurement of the modulation transfer function of lenses.
In 1956, Herriott joined Bell Telephone Laboratories as an optical consultant in the research department. Here, he was involved in development of the flying-spot store, used in the first electronic switching system. He later collaborated with Ali Javan and his colleagues in the development of the first gas laser. Javan had enlisted Herriott specifically to design a resonator for his helium-neon laser. On 12 December 1960, Herriott was adjusting the mirrors of the Fabry-Perot structure he had designed, when the group obtained the first spike indicating lasing on the oscilloscope. In 1965 he proposed the concept of the Herriott cell. In 1968, while at Bell Labs, he became head of the lithographic systems development department. In this post, he worked on electron beam, optical and X-ray lithography systems for integrated circuit fabrication.$^{:46}$
Herriott retired from Bell Labs in 1981, and began to consult as the senior scientific adviser at the Perkin Elmer Corporation. He served on the Board of Directors of The Optical Society of America from 1968-1970, and was subsequently elected as its 1982 vice-president and 1984 president.
Herriott died on 8 November 2007 following a long illness. He had three daughters and a son with his wife Karis Smith Herriott.
# Marcelo Martuciello

Marcelo Andrés Martuciello (born December 22, 1976, in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan footballer.

## Teams

* Deportivo Maldonado 1999–2000
* Querétaro 2000–2001
* Deportivo Maldonado 2002–2003
* Fénix 2003–2004
* Tacuarembó 2005
* Comunicaciones 2006
* Miramar Misiones 2006–2007
* Sporting Cristal 2007
* Miramar Misiones 2008–2011
* Bella Vista 2011–2013
# Rollingwood

Rollingwood may refer to:
* Rollingwood, California
* Rollingwood, Texas