OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bartholomew Gedney

Bartholomew Gedney (June 14, 1640 – February 28, 1698) was a merchant, physician, military officer, and native of Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony. He is best known as one of the magistrates in the Salem witchcraft trials.

## Life

Bartholomew Gedney was born in Salem in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. His father, John Gedney, was one of Salem's founders and leading citizens, and Bartholomew followed in his father's footsteps. He served as a selectman of the town, and was involved in the local militia, rising to the rank of colonel. He was offered command of an expedition against Port Royal, Acadia, in 1690, but refused.
In 1674, while a resident of Yarmouth, Maine, he went into business with Englishman Henry Sayward. They built the town's first grist mill at the First Falls. He also built two sawmills.
Gedney was present at several of the examinations and later served as a member of the Court of Oyer and Terminer. He was present at the examination of his friend John Alden on May 31, 1692, in Salem Village. When Gedney saw how the afflicted girls cried out that Alden tormented them, he told Alden that he had "always look'd upon him to be an honest Man, but now he did see cause to alter his judgment." Alden generously replied that he was sorry for that and hoped in time to recover Gedney's good opinion; the following year Alden, who had escaped from prison and fled, possibly to Duxbury and was declared innocent by proclamation.
The Gedney House, which still stands in Salem, was constructed by his brother Eleazar.
# Olivier Guyon

Olivier Guyon (born 1975) is a French-American astronomer. He is an astronomer at the Steward Observatory of the college of science and professor in the James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, both of The University of Arizona. He is the SCExAO Project Scientist at the Subaru Telescope. Guyon was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship "Genius Grant" in 2012.
Guyon designs telescopes and other astronomical instrumentation that aid in the search for exoplanets planets outside the Solar System. Specifically, coronagraphs and extreme adaptive optics.
Guyon developed the PANOPTES project, a citizen science project that aims to make it easy for anyone to build a low cost, robotic telescope that can be used to detect transiting exoplanets.
# Edward Purcell

Edward Purcell may refer to:
* Edward A. Purcell Jr., American historian
* Edward Henry Purcell (died 1765), English organist, printer, and music publisher
* Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997), American physicist, Nobel Prize winner
* Edward Purcell (musician) (1689–1740), English composer
* Edward Purcell (rugby league) (born 1988), Samoan rugby league international
* Teddy Purcell (Edward Purcell, born 1985), Canadian ice hockey player
# A972 road

The A972 is a major road in Dundee, Scotland. It forms part of the dual carriageway known as the 'Kingsway', that runs through the northern part of Dundee. Its main function is to link the A90 road with the A92.
At its western end, the A972 joins with the A90 at its Forfar Road junction, and with the A929 which heads into Dundee city centre. Running eastward 1⁄3 mile (0.5 km), the road meets with Pitkerro Road, then after a further 1⁄2 mile (0.8 km), with the Mid Craigie Road roundabout. After a further 1⁄4 mile (0.4 km), the road ends at the Scott Fyffe Circle (roundabout), where it meets the A92.

## History

The A972 number used to include a longer stretch of road bypassing Dundee. In 1994 as part of a wider re-numbering, this section became part of the A90.
# Nembrotha chamberlaini

Nembrotha chamberlaini is a species of colorful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae. It was first described in 1997.

## Distribution

This species is known only from the Philippines and Indonesia.

## Description

Nembrotha chamberlaini is white with streaks of orange, yellow, green, or black and occasionally yellow splashed across the upper mantle. It has very distinctive bright red gills and rhinophores. The foot and mouth parts are typically light-purple. This nudibranch has a very characteristic color pattern which is typical of species that display warning coloration to other species.
Nembrotha chamberlaini is easily confused with Nembrotha aurea and Nembrotha purpureolineata. All three species have a similar range of color variation although N. aurea often has orange patches not present in Nembrotha chamberlaini.
N. chamberlaini can reach a length of 100 mm.
* Nembrotha chamberlaini.

## Ecology

This species feeds on ascidians and tunicates. It has been seen feeding on the bright-blue ascidian, Rhopalaea sp, as well as other ascidians Clavelina sp., & Oxycorynia sp. .
# Megachile illustris

Megachile illustris is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by T B Mitchell in 1930.

## Description

Megachile illustris is a solitary, robust, non-metallic bee. The basal section of tergum is concave towards the front and is without ridges. The species is black in colour and its dorsal metathorax (metanotum) is almost perpendicular with the rear of its propodeum. The margin at the posterior is roughly straight and it has a broad scutellum. The bee's tubercles and pleura are without carinae (elevated ridges). It has linear notaulices. The front coxae of males are often spinose. The two recurrent veins of the front wings are attached to a submarginal cell. The species has dentate mandibles; these are large in females. It has four visible sternites (ventrites) as well as four sternites that are not visible. Megachile species have three maxillary palps, and male specimens have larger tarsi at the front.
A female Megachile illustris takes pollen and nectar to its nest to create a "bee loaf" (saliva, pollen and nectar). Once this bee loaf is substantial, a female will deposit an egg upon this and chew up leaves to form a small, round cavity around the bee loaf and egg. The female will continue doing this until it completely fills its nest with eggs; it will then construct a thick wall around the nest from leaves. When the eggs hatch, the bees will feed on these bee loaves until they reach maturity, and will gnaw at the walls the following spring to leave the nest. Females carry pollen under their abdomina.
As a leaf-cutter bee, females of Megachile illustris may cut sections of leaves in oval or circular shapes to line the cells of its nest. Alternatively, they might use dried plant resin to line nest cells, which it carries in its mandible. The species creates its nests in soil, in stems of plants, in twigs, or will tunnel through rotting wood to create nests. It does not produce honey and has a weak sting which it uses in defence. The species pollinates wild plants and crops and is a small or medium-sized bee. The genus name Megachile comes from Greek words mega (large; μεγας) and cheil (lips; χειλ), which refers to mouthparts of species in the genus.
# Samuel Z. Westerfield Jr.

Samuel Zazu Westerfield Jr. (November 15, 1919, Chicago, Illinois – July 19, 1972, Monrovia, Liberia) was a career foreign services officer who was appointed American ambassador to Liberia on July 8, 1969.

## Early life

Westerfield's parents were Dr. Samuel Z.C. Westerfield and Rachael Weddleton Colquitt. His father was the first black student to graduate with a Ph.D. in engineering from the University of Nebraska.
Westerfield graduated magna cum laude from Howard University in 1939 and continued his education to earn a master's degree from Harvard University in 1949 and his doctorate from Harvard in 1950.

## Career

His career in economics included teaching at Lincoln University and serving as dean of the school of business administration at Clark Atlanta University as well as being a visiting professor in the Harvard Business School. Transitioning to government service, he was associate director of the treasury during the Kennedy administration before he became deputy director of the Treasury Department. He went on to become the deputy director of the Debt Analysis Staff and deputy director of the office of International Affairs.
He was one of the first black economists to join the diplomatic service and was considered an authority on the economic plight of Africa.

## Personal life

In 1945, he married Helene Bryant, an educator and graduate of Spelman College. They had two children, Shelia and Samuel Z. Westerfield III.

## Death

Westerfield had a fatal heart attack on July 19, 1972, at the embassy in Monrovia at the age of 52. He had recently returned from a dinner party when he became ill. Shortly before his death, Westerfield and his wife, Helene, served as official hosts to Mrs. Richard Nixon who attended the inauguration ceremonies of Liberian President William Tolbert. The officially reported cause of death was coronary thrombosis.

## Legacy

The National Economic Association (NEA) awards the "Samuel Z. Westerfield Jr. Award" every 3–5 years to African-American economists in recognition of outstanding scholarship, distinguished service, and overall excellence. This is the most prestigious award of the NEA. The award was presented first, posthumously, to Ambassador Westerfield.
# Emelin Theatre

The Emelin Theatre for the Performing Arts is a 267-seat nonprofit theater located in Mamaroneck, NY. that hosts theatre, family, bluegrass, dance, classical, jazz, rock, folk, tribute, and comedy events, plus a broad range of independent and contemporary films for the community, and is the oldest continually operated performing arts center in Westchester.

## History

The Emelin Theatre was founded in 1972 by a group of Mamaroneck citizens and named after local pharmacist Arthur Emelin, who died in 1978. Its facility originated with a $360,000 gift to the Mamaroneck Free Library by Emelin in memory of his father, Emanuel Joseph Emelin.
The structure of the current theater was built in 1984. In 2013, the Emelin’s lobby underwent a $250,000 renovation to make it more modern and accessible. The New Rochelle-based architecture firm Stoll & Stoll donated their services to the Emelin, which paid no fees for the design of the new facility.
The first theater company to perform in the Emelin was The New England Westchester (NEW) Group theater founded by John Fotia. The first play was "Eh?" by Henry Livings. The second production was also the first musical, "A Funny Thing Happened on the way to the Forum. Both directed by Mr. Fotia.
The Emelin Theatre upgraded film capabilities to a DCP projection system in 2016.

## Events and activities

It hosts music series devoted to rock, folk, classical, jazz, tribute bands, and traditional musical forms from multiple traditions. Its five-time IBMA nominated bluegrass series has existed since 1982. It also features theater, dance, comedy, family films, and a subscription-only film series. Approximately one-third of its programming is family-oriented, and since 1997 its subsidized School Outreach Program has brought children from Westchester County schools to the Emelin for educational programming.
The Emelin has assisted listening devices available, and accessible seating is located in the first four rows of the theatre.
It currently hosts between 80 and 100 performances per year, with a combined attendance of approximately 30,000.
# New South Wales v Fahy

On 22 May 2007, the High Court of Australia handed down a judgment in the case of New South Wales v Fahy. The proceedings were started by Gemma Fahy, a former police officer in New South Wales, who sued the state for (amongst other grounds) failing to provide a safe working environment. The Court also considered whether Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, the main Australian test for a breach of duty of care, should be overturned - in the end, ruling that it remains good law.

## Facts of this Case

The Plaintiff, Gemma Fahy, was a constable in the New South Wales Police Force in August 1999 when, as part of her duties, she attended the scene of a robbery with her partner, Senior Constable Evans. Near the scene, she attended to one of the victims who had suffered multiple injuries and was fearing for his life. Whilst she was attending to him, Senior Constable Evans and another senior police officer had left Fahy on her own.
It was found at trial, and at the New South Wales Court of Appeal, that Fahy had suffered significant psychological trauma as a result of the incident. Some of this she had attributed to the failure of her partner, Senior Constable Evans, or of other officers to come to her aid.
The primary issue before the High Court of Australia was whether non-compliance with this "buddy system" (of having partners, when together, stay together) had resulted in harm to Fahy that was reasonably foreseeable.

## Decision

In a split decision, a majority of the bench ruled that the injuries and trauma suffered by Fahy as a result of being left alone were not reasonably foreseeable - and accordingly, that the decision of the trial judge and the New South Wales Court of Appeal should be overturned.
# Baron Delamer

Baron Delamer is a title that has been created twice in British history:
* Booth baronets, created in 1661
* Earl of Stamford, created in 1796
# Olivier Guyotjeannin

Olivier Guyotjeannin (born 13 March 1959, Suresnes) is a French medievalist and diplomatist.

## Career

Olivier Guyotjeannin graduated as archivist-paleographer from the École Nationale des Chartes in 1981 with a thesis entitled La seigneurie des évêques de Beauvais et de Noyon (Xe-début du XIIIe) which earned him first place of his class. He was a member of the École française de Rome (1983–1986).
First a curator of archives in Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, he was later appointed at the Archives nationales in Paris.
In 1989, succeeding Robert-Henri Bautier, he was elected at the chair of institutions, archives and diplomatics of Middle Ages at the École des Chartes where he also taught medieval Latin.

## Works

* 1986: Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Paris, L’Harmattan
* 1987: Episcopus et comes : affirmation et déclin de la seigneurie épiscopale au nord du royaume de France : Beauvais-Noyon, Xe-début XIIIe, Geneva: Librairie Droz [fr], (Mémoire et documents de l’École des chartes)
* 1992: Archives de l'Occident. Tome 1er, Le Moyen âge (éd.), Paris, Fayard
* 1993: Les Cartulaires : actes de la Table ronde organisée par l'École nationale des chartes et le GDR 121 du CNRS, Paris, 5-7 December 1991, Geneva : Droz (Mémoire et documents de l’École des chartes) (coll.)
* 1994: Diplomatique médiévale, with vec Pycke et Tock, Turnhout, Brepols
* 1995: Salimbene de Adam : un chroniqueur franciscain, Turnhout : Brepols
* 1996: Autour de Gerbert d'Aurillac, le pape de l'an mil : album de documents commentés, Paris, École des chartes (with Emmanuel Poulle)
* 1996: Clovis chez les historiens, Geneva, Librairie Droz (dir.)
* 1998: Les Sources de l'histoire médiévale, Paris, Le Livre de Poche
* 2000: Le Chartrier de l'abbaye prémontrée de Saint-Yved de Braine (1134-1250), Paris : École des chartes (éd. ; dir.)
* 2001: Conseils pour l'édition des textes médiévaux, fasc. 1-2, Paris : CTHS (coord.)
* 2002: Terriers et plans-terriers du XIIIe au XVIIIe, actes du colloque de Paris, 23-25 septembre 1998, Paris, Rennes, Geneva (codir.)
* 2002: Histoire de la France politique, Tome 1 : Le Moyen Age : Le roi, l'Église, les grands, le peuple 481-1514, with Philippe Contamine and Régine Le Jan, Paris, Éditions du Seuil
* 2003: La Langue des actes : actes du XIe Congrès international de diplomatique (Troyes, Thursday 11-Saturday 13 September 2003), Read online
* 2005: Atlas de l'histoire de France, La France médiévale, IXe-XVe siècle, Autrement, Paris (coll.) ISBN 978-2-7467-0727-6 102 p.
* 2005: Le Formulaire d'Odart Morchesne, Paris, École des chartes (éd. ; en coll.)
# Preto River (Itabapoana River tributary)

The Preto River is a river of Espírito Santo state in eastern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Itabapoana River.
# Nembrionic

Nembrionic was a Dutch death metal band. They were formed in 1991 under the name Nembrionic Hammerdeath as a black metal band; they changed their name to Nembrionic in 1993. The band released three albums on Displeased Records and another together with Osdorp Posse. They split up in 1999.

## Biography

The band started in April 1991, influenced by Venom, Possessed, and Terrorizer, and recorded a demo in that same year. Their 1992 EP sold 1800 copies and garnered the band a record deal with Dutch metal label Displeased Records. They moved toward grindcore and death metal on Tempter, a split with Consolation. The band played about 30 shows to promote the album and went on tour with At the Gates and Consolation.
Hammerdeath was dropped from the name in 1995, and their next album, Psycho One Hundred, led to shows at open air festivals such as Liberation Day, Mundial, and Lowlands, and even a show in Rotterdam Ahoy. In 1996, they joined with Osdorp Posse to record Briljant, Hard en Geslepen, which charted in the Netherlands. Nembrionic played at Dynamo Open Air and Pinkpop Festival, and even opened for Slayer in Paradiso, June 1996.
Their second to last release was Bloodcult, which contained some home recordings and other songs besides almost the entire 1992 EP. Their final effort was Incomplete, "[their] answer to the fading brutality in the music scene."

## Discography

* Lyrics of Your Last Will (demo, 1991)
* Themes on an Occult Theory (EP, 1992)
* Tempter (split with Consolation, Displeased Records, 1993)
* Hardcore Leeft (split EP with Consolation and Osdorp Posse, 1994)
* Psycho One Hundred (CD, Displeased, 1995)
* Briljant, hard en geslepen (with Osdorp Posse; CD, Displeased, 1996)
* Bloodcult (MCD, Displeased, 1997)
* Incomplete (CD, Displeased, 1998)

## Members

* Jamil Beroud - bass
* Dennis Jak - guitar
* Noel Van Eersel - drums
* Marco "Bor" Westenbrink - guitar, vocals
# Eleanor Cabot Bradley Estate

The Eleanor Cabot Bradley Estate is a nonprofit country house and garden ground museum in Canton, Massachusetts. It is operated by The Trustees of Reservations. The grounds are open every day, sunrise to sunset, without charge.

## History

In 1902, Dr. Arthur Tracey Cabot (b. 1852 in Boston to Dr. Samuel Cabot III and Hannah Lowell Jackson Cabot) hired architect Charles A. Platt to design a country house with landscaping and outlying farm buildings. Its formal grounds include lawns, a walled garden, and a parterre. Dr. Cabot had seven siblings, but no children. The estate was passed on to his niece, Eleanor Cabot (daughter of his brother, Godfrey Lowell Cabot), who married Major Ralph Bradley in 1919.
In 1945, she added ponds, a camellia house and greenhouse, and planted specimen trees. Additional land includes more than 60 acres (240,000 m$^2$) of meadows and woods, with some 3 miles (4.8 km) of walking trails.
The property was acquired through a bequest of Eleanor Cabot Bradley in 1991.

## Gallery

* Estate house with stone fences
* Walking trail
* Kitchen garden
* Rear view
# Ellsworth Dougherty

Ellsworth C. Dougherty (July 21, 1921 – 1965) was a biologist who was first to study the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans in the laboratory, with Victor Nigon, in the 1940s. He did most of his studies and medical work in California.

## Tributes

Mount Dougherty is a mountain range in Antarctica named after Ellsworth Dougherty.
The specific epithet given to the nematode species Caenorhabditis doughertyi is also a tribute to E. Dougherty.
# Odontella (diatom)

Odontella is a genus of marine diatoms. Some sources place it in the family Triceratiaceae, others in the family Odontellaceae. It contains the following species:
* Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) C. A. Agardh
* Odontella calamus (Brun & Tempère) H. J. Schrader
* Odontella cornuta (J. Brun) H. J. Schrader
* Odontella granulata (Roper) R. Ross
* Odontella hastata (Greville) J. Fenner ex D. M. Williams
* Odontella litigiosa (Van Heurck) Hoban
* Odontella longicruris (Greville) Hoban
* Odontella mobiliensis (J. W. Bailey) Grunow
* Odontella regia (Schultze) Simonsen
* Odontella rhombus
* Odontella septentrionalis H. J. Schrader
* Odontella sinensis (Greville) Grunow
* Odontella weissflogii (Janisch) Grunow
# Sault Thunderbirds

The Sault Thunderbirds were a professional ice hockey team in the Eastern Professional Hockey League from 1959 to 1962. The Thunderbirds were based in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and played at the Sault Memorial Gardens.

## Players
### Hockey Hall of Fame Members

There are two members of the Hockey Hall of Fame that played for the Sault Thunderbirds. Gerry Cheevers and Phil Esposito played for the Thunderbirds in the Eastern Professional Hockey League (EPHL) between 1959 and 1962.

### NHL Alumni

* Garry Blaine
* Dusty Blair
* Bill Burega
* Alain Caron
* Gerry Cheevers
* Roger Crozier
* Denis DeJordy
* Roy Edwards
* Phil Esposito
* Terry Gray
* Murray Hall
* Duke Harris
* Rich Healey
* Wayne Hicks
* Eddie Kachur
* Merve Kuryluk
* Milan Marcetta
* Jack Martin
* Matt Ravlich
* Doug Robinson
* Cliff Schmautz
* Bill Speer
* Pat Stapleton
* Bob Wilson
# James Marshall (political adviser)

James Marshall CBE (born 1980) is a former director of the Number 10 Policy Unit.
Marshall was educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. Before entering politics, he taught English at Shrewsbury School. In 2016 he was employed as a strategic adviser for the construction company, Mace.
In 2011, Marshall was an adviser to the former Leader of the House of Lords, Lord Strathclyde. He has also been an adviser to three of the chief whips in David Cameron's government: George Young, Michael Gove, and Mark Harper.
Theresa May, the Prime Minister, appointed James Marshall as her Director of Policy in June 2017, following his predecessor John Godfrey's resignation.
In July 2019, he was replaced as Director by Munira Mirza, by new Prime Minister Boris Johnson.
# Preston by-election

Preston by-election may refer to one of several by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Preston, in Lancashire:
* 1903 Preston by-election
* 1915 Preston by-election
* 1929 Preston by-election
* 1940 Preston by-election
* 1946 Preston by-election
* 2000 Preston by-election
# 1937–38 OB I bajnoksag season

The 1937–38 OB I bajnokság season was the second season of the OB I bajnokság, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Five teams participated in the league, and BKE Budapest won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | Goals | Pts |
| 1. | BKE Budapest | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 56:12 | 13 |
| 2. | BBTE Budapest | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 38:11 | 12 |
| 3. | Ferencvárosi TC | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 18:8 | 10 |
| 4. | BKE Budapest II | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8:51 | 4 |
| 5. | Amateur HC | 8 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4:42 | 1 |
# Iron tests

Iron tests are groups of clinical chemistry laboratory blood tests that are used to evaluate body iron stores or the iron level in blood serum.
Other terms used for the same tests are iron panel, iron profile, iron indices, iron status or iron studies.

## Tests

* Serum iron
* Ferritin
* Transferrin
* Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
* Transferrin saturation (Iron saturation of transferrin)
* Unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC)
* Transferrin receptor (TfR)

## Related tests

* Complete blood count (CBC), especially:
** Hemoglobin, EVF or total red blood cells (RBC count)
** Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
** Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) or MCHC

## Diagnosis

| IRON PANEL | Serum iron | Transferrin and TIBC | Transferrin saturation | Ferritin | Transferrin receptor | Related tests | Related tests |
| IRON PANEL | Serum iron | Transferrin and TIBC | Transferrin saturation | Ferritin | Transferrin receptor | Hb | MCV |
| Iron deficiency anemia | | | | | | | |
| Iron overload (hemochromatosis) | | | | | * | Normal | |
| Anemia of chronic disease | | | | * | * | | |
| Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) | | | | | Normal | | |
| Thalassemia | | | | | | | |
| Sideroblastic anemia | | | | | * | | |
| Megaloblastic anemia | | | | | | | |
| Hemolytic anemia | * | * | * | * | | | |
| Pregnancy or use of hormonal contraception | Normal | | | | | | |
* = or normal.