OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leg bye

In cricket, a "leg bye" is a type of extra, a run scored by the batting team without the batsman hitting the ball. Law 23 of the Laws of Cricket specifies that one be scored when the ball is not hit with the bat, but it hits the batsman's body or protective gear.

## Scoring leg byes

If the ball deflects off the batter's body, the batsmen can attempt to score runs in a similar manner as if the ball had been hit. The number of runs scored are scored as leg byes – they are added to the team's total, but not to the number of runs scored by the batter nor to the runs conceded by the bowler. If the ball deflects off the batter's body and travels all the way to the boundary, the batting team immediately scores four leg byes, similar to if the ball had been hit to the boundary for a four.
The only part of the batter's body to which the rule does not apply is the hand or hands (that is, the batter's gloves) holding the bat, which are deemed for the sake of the rules to be a part of the bat. If the ball strikes a hand which for whatever reason is not holding the bat, then leg byes may be scored. However, if the batter deliberately allows the ball to hit a hand which is not holding the bat no leg byes can be scored, and he may on appeal be given out obstructing the field.
Leg byes may only be scored if the ball hits the batter who was:
* attempting to hit the ball with his bat, or
* attempting to evade being hit by the ball.
If the batter was attempting neither of these, and the ball hits his body, it is a dead ball and runs may not be scored. If the batsmen attempt to score runs in this instance, the fielding team may attempt to run either of them out. If the batting pair complete such a "run" when the ball is dead, the umpire signals dead ball, the run is not scored, and the batters must return to their wickets as before the run attempt.
If it appears that the ball would have hit the stumps were it not for the batter's legs, the batter may be dismissed leg before wicket.
Leg byes are the most common form of extras scored in Test cricket. The average number of leg byes scored in a Test match is about 20; in a 50 over game it is about 10. The most leg byes in a single test innings is 35, conceded by England against South Africa in the Proteas' tour of England, on 1 August 2008.

## Scoring notation

The conventional notation for a single leg bye is a triangle with a point at the base and horizontal edge at the top (an inverted bye symbol). If more than one leg bye is taken the number scored is written within the triangle - in practice it is easier to write the number down and then draw the triangle around it.

## Validity

Prior to his retirement from Test cricket Australian captain Steve Waugh called for leg byes to be removed from the sport, commenting: "I don't think you should get runs when you miss the ball."

## Umpire's signal

Umpires signal a leg bye with a hand touching their raised knee.
# Ismael Mengs

Ismael Israel Mengs (1688–1764) was a Danish-born portrait and enamel painter of Jewish ancestry; active mainly at the court of Dresden.

## Biography

His family was originally from Lusatia. He began by studying enamel painting with Benoît Le Coffre, a French artist who worked for the Danish court. In 1709, after further training in Hamburg and Schwerin, he studied oil painting with Paul Heinecken in Lübeck. Following travels in Germany, Austria and Italy, he settled in Dresden and worked as a miniaturist.
Shortly after, he was baptized as a Lutheran. In 1714, he became a Court Painter to Augustus II, the King of Poland and Elector of Saxony.
He made a study trip to Italy in 1718. There, he was impressed by the works of Raphael and Correggio. Later, when teaching his children, he employed the lessons he had learned from examining their works. His best-known offspring, Anton Rafael, was said to consider him a strict and often tyrannical teacher. He also had two daughters who became miniaturists. On several occasions, their training included study trips to Italy.
In addition to painting, he used his knowledge of chemistry to develop colors for the Meissen Porcelain manufactory. For several years, he taught at the drawing school there. In 1764, not long before his death, he was named an honorary professor at the newly established Academy of Fine Arts.

## Selected works

* Self-portrait in Polish Costume (1710s)
* A Woman and her Son in Polish Costume
* An Old Man's Head
* The Aussiger Madonna
# Raurimu

Raurimu is a settlement in Ruapehu District, New Zealand. State Highway 4 passes through it, and the North Island Main Trunk railway line runs to the east. The Raurimu Spiral, which allows the railway to climb 139 metres, is described as an engineering masterpiece by the Institute of Professional Engineers of New Zealand.
Raurimu railway station served the town from 1906 until its closure in 1978.
A life-size driftwood sculpture of a Tyrannosaurus rex stands at the corner of Keitieke Road and State Highway 4.

## Demographics

Raurimu is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement. It covers 0.88 km$^2$ (0.34 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 70 as of June 2023, with a population density of 80 people per km$^2$. It is part of the larger National Park statistical area.
Raurimu had a population of 69 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 6 people (9.5%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 6 people (9.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 27 households, comprising 36 males and 30 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.2 males per female. The median age was 42.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 15 people (21.7%) aged under 15 years, 3 (4.3%) aged 15 to 29, 33 (47.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 15 (21.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 95.7% European/Pākehā, 8.7% Māori, and 4.3% Pacific peoples. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 60.9% had no religion, and 34.8% were Christian.
Of those at least 15 years old, 12 (22.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 12 (22.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $28,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 9 people (16.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 27 (50.0%) people were employed full-time, and 9 (16.7%) were part-time.
# Alburnus zagrosensis

Alburnus zagrosensis is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Alburnus. It is endemic to the Karun River basin in Iran.
# Alakola-ela

Alakola-ela is a village located in Matale District of Sri Lanka's Central Province.

## History

The village contains the ruins of a stupa (dagoba) and carved pillars. As of the writing of Archibald Campbell Lawrie's 1896 gazetteer of the province, the inhabitants of the village were winnowers.
# Alejandro Conde López

Alejandro Conde López (Valladolid, 7 February 1939) is a Spanish painter specialized in figures, landscapes, and abstraction.

## Biography

He was born in Valladolid (Spain). He studied in Valladolid, at the Jesuit school, and later attended drawing and painting classes at the School of Arts and Crafts of Valladolid (1955-1958). In 1956, he began traveling to Paris, where he settled in 1959 and attended the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, making contact with Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí. In Paris, he became part of the so-called École de Paris from 1963 onwards, establishing connections with painters such as Julio Viera, among others. In 1959, he was invited to exhibit at the first world exhibition of young artists by "L'Étoile d'Or" in Paris. He became an exclusive artist of the Art Gallery "Rond Point Élysées" in Paris from 1960 until 1976. In 1964 and 1965, he participated in collective exhibitions in Paris, Munich, and Madrid.
In 1966, he definitively leaves Paris and in 1967, he settles in Madrid, where he continues painting and exhibiting. In 1993, after a period of being away from the art scene, he returns to exhibit on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Joan Miró at the Palacio de Congresos y Exposiciones in Madrid.
Among the artists of his generation who shared reciprocal or mutual influences, Félix Cuadrado Lomas and Fernando Santiago "Jacobo" can be mentioned. They coincided with Alejandro Conde López at the School of Arts and Crafts. Additionally, Gabino Gaona, also a painter from Valladolid, was a member of the Grupo Simancas alongside them. Conde shared with them an interest in landscapes and an expressionist use of color. Despite exhibiting at Fernando Santiago's gallery in Valladolid, Conde first lived in Paris and later in Madrid. Therefore, despite their stylistic and origin affinities with the mentioned artists, he did not follow them to Simancas.

## Work
### Figurative paintings

Alejandro Conde's painting style can be described as post-impressionist, and more specifically, close to Fauvist expressionism. In the treatment of landscapes and still lifes, he displays a naive approach, but at the same time, he exudes a satirical critique reminiscent of the abstract expressionism seen in the works of artists like Willem De Kooning, particularly in many of his portraits and figures.

### Abstract paintings

His abstract work stems from that Fauvism and is inspired by the colored light of church stained glass windows, as well as their ability to create an atmosphere that envelops the viewer, dazzling them initially and then inviting them to contemplation and reflection.
# Ravenscrag, Saskatchewan

Ravenscrag is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of White Valley No. 49, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community is located on Highway 614, along the Frenchman River, 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of the Alberta-Saskatchewan border and about 185 kilometres (115 mi) southwest of the city of Swift Current.

## History

Ravenscrag was once a community of over 100 people. Since the Great Depression, the town's population has dropped to one family.
The settlement gave its name to the Ravenscrag Formation, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, defined in 1918 by N.B. Davis at Ravenscrag Butte. The formation lies north-east of the community.
# Albert Ziegler

Albert Ziegler (born 4 July 1961 in Siebeldingen) is a German psychologist and the Chair Professor of Educational Psychology and Research on Excellence at the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nürnberg.
Ziegler is the Secretary-General of the International Research Association for Talent Development and Excellence (IRATDE); the Vice President of the European Council for High Ability (ECHA).; and Chairman of the European Talent Support Network (ETSN). As of August 2017, he serves as Director of the Sound Research Branch at the World Giftedness Center. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of ECHA's scholarly journal, High Ability Studies.
Ziegler's work is predominantly concerned with gifted education and talent development. To date, he has published over 400 articles, chapters, and books in the field of educational psychology.

## Biography

Ziegler received a Ph.D. in psychology from Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich.
In 2001, Ziegler followed a professorship with the Department of Educational Psychology at Johann Wolfgang von Goethe University with a position at the University of Ulm where he founded and led the Statewide Counseling and Research Center for the Gifted. By 2007, in cooperation with both the University of Ulm and the United Arab Emirates, he led an international team of experts in the development of a “national plan for the gifted.” The project was terminated prematurely due to internal difficulties.
In 2017, while at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ziegler revived the project and, together with the University of Regensburg, entered a relationship with the Hamdan Foundation for Distinguished Academic Performance concerning the development and joint establishment of a World Giftedness Center (WGC). The WGC will open its doors for the first time during the Expo 2020 in Dubai, and will commence operations in close collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

## Honors and awards

Ziegler was endowed visiting professorships at Columbia University in New York City; at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China; the University of Vienna in Vienna, Austria; and at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. In 2017, he received an honorary professorship from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in Lima and an International Fellowship at the Chinese Academy of Sciences
# Mirzaganj, Jharkhand

Mirzaganj is a village in the Jamua CD block in the Khori Mahuwa subdivision of the Giridih district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography
### Location

Mirzaganj is located at 24°23′25″N 86°10′25″E﻿ / ﻿24.390278°N 86.173512°E﻿ / 24.390278; 86.173512.

### Area overview

Giridih district is a part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, with rocky soil and extensive forests. Most of the rivers in the district flow from the west to east, except in the northern portion where the rivers flow north and north west. The Pareshnath Hill rises to a height of 4,479 feet (1,365 m). The district has coal and mica mines. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with small pockets of urbanisation.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Mirzaganj had total population of 2,817, of which 1,506 (53%) were males and 1,311 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 403. The total number of literate persons in Mirzaganj was 2,047 (84.80% of the population over 6 years).

## Education

Langtababa Mahavidyalaya was established at Mirzaganj in 1983. It is affiliated to Vinoba Bhave University.
# The Nels Cline Singers

The Nels Cline Singers are an American free jazz group led by Nels Cline, following his work in the Nels Cline Trio. They have released five albums on Cryptogramophone Records. Despite the name, there are no singers in the group.

## Studio albums

* Instrumentals (Cryptogamophone, 2002)
* The Giant Pin (Cryptogramophone, 2004)
* Draw Breath (Cryptogramophone, 2007)
* The Celestial Septet (New World, 2008 [2010]) - with Rova Saxophone Quartet
* Initiate (Cryptogramaphone, 2010)
* Macroscope (Mack Avenue, 2014)
* Share The Wealth (2020)
# Petar Gburčik

Petar Gburčik (Cyrillic: Петар Гбурчик) (30 October 1931 - 29 October 2006) was a Serbian scientist and a professor of meteorology at the University of Belgrade. He was the author of mathematical models of numerical weather prediction, which were used operationally in the Weather Service of Yugoslavia from 1970 to 1977. In the same period he began modelling the atmospheric diffusion of air pollution and created the first model of the spatial distribution of air pollution. The output of this model was used for the elaboration of the urban plan of Pančevo. For the actual research of the three-dimensional distribution of wind energy (on the territories of Belgrade and Serbia) he applied the integration of classic models with GIS technology.
A special area of his research was intentionally and inadvertently modified climates and their impact on sustainable development. These modifications destabilize the climate system and lead to natural and social damage, due to the lack of possibility of weather control. Gburčik proved this with his scientific papers on weather modifications and climate change.
# A. poeppigii

A. poeppigii may refer to:
* Aechmea poeppigii, a plant native to the West Indies, Costa Rica, Panama, and northern South America
* Angadenia poeppigii, a plant native to the Americas
# Live Inferno

Live Inferno is the third live album by Norwegian black metal band Emperor. It was filmed during the band's sold out 2005-2007 reunion performances. It was released in Europe on 20 April with several editions available. It is available as a 2CD slipcase with 16pg booklet, a limited edition Digibook featuring 2 CDs & DVD with an enhanced 24pg booklet, a single DVD, and two limited edition double vinyl gatefold sets. The audio portion of the "Live Inferno" series features exclusive recordings from the band's headlining performances at Norway's Inferno festival and Germany's Wacken Open Air festival. The video portion, titled "Live at Wacken Open Air 2006 - A Night Of Emperial Wrath", has a running time of 70 minutes and includes footage professionally filmed at the Wacken Open Air festival with additional on-stage and exclusive backstage footage filmed and compiled by the band.
"It looks like these releases will be the final nail in the coffin for Emperor," says guitarist Samoth. "They are a testimony of the live reunion that took Emperor to even new heights; unique events like Wacken where Emperor headlined in front of 60,000 people. We had a great run of shows and feel lucky that we were able to come back even bigger and perform songs from our complete catalogue for a lot of dedicated fans old and new. There will be several cool formats and limited editions coming that should be a nice treat for the fans and a worthy representation of the Emperor legacy. Emperor is dead, long live the Emperor!"

## Disc 1 - Inferno Festival (CD)

* Infinity Burning (medley)
* Cosmic Keys to My Creations & Times
* Thus Spake the Nightspirit
* An Elegy of Icaros
* Curse You All Men!
* Wrath of the Tyrant
* With Strength I Burn
* Towards the Pantheon
* The Majesty of the Nightsky
* The Loss and Curse of Reverence
* In the Wordless Chamber
* Inno a Satana
* I am the Black Wizards
* Ye Entrancemperium
* Opus a Satana

## Disc 2 - Wacken Open Air (CD)

* Infinity Burning (medley)
* Cosmic Keys to My Creations & Times
* Thus Spake the Nightspirit
* An Elegy of Icaros
* Curse You All Men!
* With Strength I Burn
* Towards the Pantheon
* The Majesty of the Nightsky
* The Loss and Curse of Reverence
* In the Wordless Chamber
* I Am the Black Wizards
* Inno a Satana

## Disc 3 - Wacken Open Air 'A Night of Emperial Wrath'(DVD)

* Infinity Burning (medley)
* Cosmic Keys to My Creations & Times
* Thus Spake the Nightspirit
* An Elegy of Icaros
* Curse You All Men!
* With Strength I Burn
* Towards the Pantheon
* The Majesty of the Nightsky
* The Loss and Curse of Reverence
* In the Wordless Chamber
* I Am the Black Wizards
* Inno a Satana
* Behind the Scenes
* Live Bootleg Videos

## Credits

* Ihsahn - Guitar and Vocals
* Samoth - Guitar
* Trym - Drums
* Secthdaemon - Bass and Backing Vocals session
* Einar - Keyboards and Backing Vocals session

## Production

* Produced By Thorbjorn Akkerhaugen & Emperor
* Both CD's mixed at Akkerhaugen Lydstudio & Symphonique Studios, 2008
* Christophe Szpajdel – logo
# Perry Hall

Perry Hall may refer to:
* Perry Hall, Birmingham, whose grounds are now Perry Hall Park
* Perry Hall Mansion in Baltimore County, Maryland, named after the above
* The district of Perry Hall, Maryland, name after Perry Hall Mansion
* Perry Hall High School, Baltimore County, Maryland
* Perry Hall (baseball) (1898–1993), American Negro league baseball player
* Perry Hall, London, a place in the London Borough of Bromley, United Kingdom
# Pete Morgan

Colin Peter Morgan (7 July 1939– 5 July 2010) was a British poet, lyricist and television documentary author and presenter.
Born in Leigh, Lancashire, Morgan began his career as a poet in the mid-1950s when he was 16 and living alone in London. He entered the British Army and rose to the rank of infantry platoon commander while serving with the Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) in West Germany, but began to question this career choice. By the mid-1960s he had become a pacifist and resigned his commission. In 1964 he moved to Edinburgh, where he started to publish his poems and to perform recitals in public. He returned to the North of England in 1971, but this time to Yorkshire's North Riding, to live and work in the fishing village of Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby.
Over the years Morgan emphasised the oral tradition of poetry and song. Some of his poems have been set to music and have been recorded by such artists as Al Stewart ("My Enemies Have Sweet Voices" on the 1970 Zero She Flies album), the McCalmans and most recently the Levellers, by 'Is This Art'. (During his 1999 UK tour, Al Stewart invited Morgan to read the lyrics as he performed the above song in the City Varieties music hall show at Leeds on 7 November).
Morgan's BBC Television series A Voyage Between Two Seas (1983) presented a journey across Northern England via the region's waterways. His later TV programme The Grain Run was about the Roman supply route from East Anglia to the Yorkshire town of Aldborough.

## Works
### Poetry collections

* 1973: The Grey Mare Being the Better Steed, Martin Secker & Warburg
* 1979: The Spring Collection, Secker & Warburg
* 1980: One Greek Alphabet, including a sequence of poems commissioned by the Ilkley Literature Festival; illustrated by Hella Basu; Ceolfrith Press
* 1983: A Winter Visitor, Secker & Warburg
* 2005: August Light ISBN 1-904614-23-X

### Other

* 1968: "A Big Hat Or What?", his first pamphlet, the Kevin Press
* 1971: work included in Poetry: Introduction 2, part of Faber & Faber's "Poetry: Introduction" series
* 2001: Talking Cello, writer, researcher and presenter for the programme on BBC Radio 4 in collaboration with the cellist Tony Moore, featuring a number of Morgan's poems
* The Other Wittgenstein, writer, researcher and presenter for the programme on BBC Radio 4
* Away, pamphlet published in 2003 by Driftwood Publications, 44a Merrilocks Road, Blundellsands, Liverpool L23 6UW
# Personality of the year

Personality of the year is a title awarded by a number of organisations or publications, such as:
* BBC Sports Personality of the Year
* RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
* IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award
* Indian Telly Award for Best Television Personality of the Year
* Radio Music Awards
* Radio and Records
# Peter Fischer

Peter Fischer may refer to:
* Peter Fischer (skier) (born 1954), German former alpine skier
* Peter Fischer (politician) (born 1958), Minnesota politician
* Peter M. Fischer, Austrian-Swedish archaeologist
* Peter S. Fischer, American writer and television producer
# Peter Fischer-Møller

Peter Fischer-Møller (born 29 June 1955 in Charlottenlund) is a Danish prelate who served as the Bishop of Roskilde from 2008 until 2022.

## Education

Fischer-Møller became a high school student in 1973 at Øregaard Gymnasium and specialised in mathematics and physics. He went to Oxford to study English literature. Although Fischer-Møller's father wanted him to become a lawyer, he chose to study theology at the University of Copenhagen. In the summer of 1983, he completed his studies. Peter Fischer-Møller gained a cand.theol. specializing in N. F. S. Grundtvig.

## Priesthood

In 1984 Peter Fischer-Møller was ordained as priest and became the parish priest of Terslev and Ørslev Sogne north of Haslev. In 1999 he also became the parish priest of Ringsted-Sorø. At the same time, Fischer-Møller worked as a lecturer at Haslev Seminary and Preschool.

## Bishop

Jan Lindhardt retired as Bishop of Roskilde in 2008 and choose Peter Fischer-Møller as one of five candidates to succeed him. At the first election, Fischer-Møller and Henrik Wigh-Poulsen, editor and head of the Grundtvig Academy, received the majority of votes with 562 each. Poul Joachim Stender received twelve votes less and protested over the election results, as there were more voters than ballot papers. Church Minister Birthe Rønn Hornbech joined the case, and the election board left the election. Peter Fischer-Møller received 693 votes and Poul Joachim Stender received 669 votes. Henrik Wigh-Poulsen received 625 votes, but only two candidates passed on to the decisive ballot. At the 2nd round, Fischer-Møller received 1174 votes while his opponent Poul Joachim Stenders 1055 votes. On 27 April 2008 Peter Fischer-Møller was consecrated bishop in Roskilde Cathedral and became the 7th bishop of Roskilde. On 1 May 2008 he was formally installed and took office as a bishop after Jan Lindhardt. On 1 January 2010 he became Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog.