OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1932 in Belgium

Events of the year 1932 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

Monarch
* Albert I
Prime Minister
* Jules Renkin (to 22 October)
* Charles de Broqueville (from 22 October)

## Events

* 27 June to 10 September – Ten weeks of strikes in the Borinage to protest against economic conditions.
* 9 October – Municipal elections
* 18 October – Jules Renkin offers his resignation as prime minister
* 27 November – Legislative election returns Catholic Party majority
* 4 December – Provincial elections

## Publications

* Franz Hellens, Poésie de la veille et du lendemain
* Hergé, Tintin en Amérique (serialised 1931–1932) published as an album

## Art and architecture
### Paintings

* René Magritte, The Universe Unmasked

### Cinema

* La Nuit du Carrefour (France), Jean Renoir's adaptation of Georges Simenon's La Nuit du carrefour (1931)

## Business

* Lotus Bakeries established

## Births

* 17 January – Roger Lallemand, politician (died 2016)
* 11 March – Piet Van Brabant, journalist (died 2006)
* 18 March – Arthur Luysterman, bishop of Ghent
* 23 March – Bettina Le Beau, actress (died 2015)
* 31 March – Jean-Pierre Grafé, politician (died 2019)
* 29 June – Evrard Godefroid, cyclist (died 2013)
* 4 July – Aurèle Vandendriessche, marathon runner
* 20 August – Claudine Wallet, Olympic fencer
* 27 August – François Glorieux, musician (died 2023)
* 4 October – Étienne Davignon, politician
* 6 November – François Englert, theoretical physicist
* 23 November – Solange Berry, singer
* 16 December – Karel Oomen, wrestler
* 20 December – Carla Walschap, writer and teacher

## Deaths

* 17 February – Fredegand Cogels (born 1850), politician
* 10 April – Jean-François Heymans (born 1859), pharmacologist
* 19 April – Edgard Colle (born 1897), chess master
* 24 June – Guy Reyntiens (born 1880), Olympic equestrian
* 25 July – Cyriel Buysse (born 1859), playwright
* 20 August – Émile Mathieu (born 1844), composer
* 27 August – Ursmer Berlière (born 1861), monastic historian
* 29 September – Émile van Ermengem (born 1851), bacteriologist
* 7 October – Eugène Broerman (born 1861), painter
* 28 October – Joseph Dejardin (born 1873), trade unionist
# Nemacerota lobbichleri

Nemacerota lobbichleri is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Werny in 1966. It is found in Pakistan.
# 1938 All-Southern Conference football team

The 1938 All-Southern Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) for the All-Southern Conference football team for the 1938 college football season.

## All-Southern Conference selections
### Backs

* Eric Tipton, Duke (AP-1; UP-1)
* Bob O'Mara, Duke (AP-1; UP-1)
* Paul Shu, VMI (AP-1; UP-1)
* Snuffy Stirnweiss, North Carolina (AP-1)
* Don Willis, Clemson (AP-2; UP-1)
* Loyell Bryant, Clemson (AP-2)
* Art Rooney, NC State (AP-2)
* Marshall Edwards, Wake Forest (AP-2)

### Ends

* Gus Goins, Clemson (AP-1; UP-1)
* Bolo Perdue, Duke (AP-1)
* Larry Craig, South Carolina (AP-2; UP-1)
* Chuck Kline, North Carolina (AP-2)

### Tackles

* Ty Coon, North Carolina State (AP-1; UP-1)
* Steve Maronic, North Carolina (AP-1; UP-1)
* Curtis Pennington, Clemson (AP-2)
* Joe Ochsie, Washington & Lee (AP-2)

### Guards

* Fred Yorke, Duke (AP-1; UP-1)
* Louis Trunzo, Wake Forest (AP-1; UP-1)
* Joe Payne, Clemson (AP-2)
* Red Echols, VMI (AP-2)

### Centers

* Dan Hill Duke (AP-1; UP-1)
* Charlie Woods, Clemson (AP-2)

## Key

AP = Associated Press
UP = United Press
# 1929 Swiss referendums

Five referendums were held in Switzerland during 1929. The first three were held on 3 March on the issues of grain supply (a proposal and counter-proposal) and a federal law on tariffs. The counter-proposal to the grain supply question and the tariffs law were both approved. The fourth and fifth referendums were held on 12 May on popular initiatives on road traffic and banning spirits. Both were rejected by voters.

## Background

The grain supply, road traffic and spirits referendums were popular initiatives, which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half. The tariffs law question was an optional referendum, requiring only a majority of voters in favour.

## Results
### Grain supply

| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 18,487 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Against | 672,004 | 97.3 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Blank votes | 15,926 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 9,446 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 720,983 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,071,934 | 67.3 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||

### Grain supply counterproposal

| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 461,176 | 66.8 | 18 | 6 | 21 |
| Against | 228,357 | 33.1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| No answer | 958 | 0.1 | – | – | – |
| Blank votes | 15,926 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 9,446 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 715,863 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,071,934 | 66.8 | – | – | – |
| Source: Direct Democracy ||||||

### Tariffs law

| Choice | Votes | % |
| For | 454,535 | 66.4 |
| Against | 229,801 | 33.6 |
| Blank votes | 34,359 | – |
| Invalid votes | 2,288 | – |
| Total | 720,983 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,071,934 | 67.3 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||

### Road traffic initiative

| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 248,350 | 37.2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Against | 420,082 | 62.8 | 17 | 4 | 19 |
| Blank votes | 29,684 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 2,163 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 700,279 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,075,950 | 65.1 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||

### Spirits ban

| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 226,794 | 32.7 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Against | 467,724 | 67.3 | 19 | 5 | 21.5 |
| Blank votes | 18,274 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 1,718 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 714,510 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,075,950 | 66.4 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Nemognathinae

Nemognathinae is a subfamily of blister beetles in the family Meloidae. There are about 8 genera and at least 120 described species in Nemognathinae.

## Genera

These eight genera belong to the subfamily Nemognathinae:
* Cissites Latreille, 1804
* Gnathium Kirby, 1818
* Hornia Riley, 1877
* Nemognatha Illiger, 1807
* Pseudozonitis Dillon, 1952
* Rhyphonemognatha Enns, 1956
* Tricrania LeConte, 1860
* Zonitis Fabricius, 1775
# Nemognatha selanderi

Nemognatha selanderi is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.
# Neoplocaederus fucatus

Neoplocaederus fucatus is a species of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

## Distribution

This species can be found in Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of the Congo, São Tomé and Principe and Togo.
# Neoterebra alba

Neoterebra alba is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.
# Nesogobius

Nesogobius is a genus of goby native to the coastal waters of Australia.

## Species

There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus:
* Nesogobius greeni Hoese & Larson, 2006
* Nesogobius hinsbyi (McCulloch & J. D. Ogilby, 1919) (Tasmanian orange-spotted sandgoby)
* Nesogobius maccullochi Hoese & Larson, 2006
* Nesogobius pulchellus (Castelnau, 1872) (Australian sailfingoby)
* Nesogobius tigrinus M. P. Hammer, Hoese & Bertozzi, 2015 (Tiger sandgoby)
# 1944 in Soviet football

The 1944 Soviet football championship was the 12th season of competitive football in the Soviet Union. The season consisted of a short Olympic-style (elimination) tournament played in August.

## Honours

| Competition | Winner | Runner-up |
| Soviet Cup | Zenit Leningrad (1) | CDKA Moscow |
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition

## Soviet Cup

Zenit Leningrad beat CDKA Moscow 2–1 in the Soviet Cup final. The decisive goal was scored by Sergei Salnikov.

## Republican level

Football competitions of union republics

### Football championships

* Azerbaijan SSR – Lokomotiv Baku
* Armenian SSR –
* Belarusian SSR – (see Football Championship of the Belarusian SSR)
* Estonian SSR –
* Georgian SSR –
* Kazakh SSR –
* Karelo-Finish SSR –
* Kirgiz SSR –
* Latvian SSR –
* Lithuanian SSR –
* Moldavian SSR –
* Russian SFSR – none
* Tajik SSR –
* Turkmen SSR – none
* Uzbek SSR – none
* Ukrainian SSR – (see Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR)

### Football cups

* Azerbaijan SSR – none
* Armenian SSR –
* Belarusian SSR –
* Estonian SSR –
* Georgian SSR – Dinamo Sukhumi
* Kazakh SSR –
* Karelo-Finish SSR –
* Kirgiz SSR –
* Latvian SSR –
* Lithuanian SSR –
* Moldavian SSR –
* Russian SFSR – none
* Tajik SSR –
* Turkmen SSR – Lokomotiv Ashkhabad
* Uzbek SSR – KhTU Chirchik
* Ukrainian SSR – FC Dynamo Kyiv (see 1944 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR)
# Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology

The Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology (NBMG) is a research and public service unit of the University of Nevada and the State Geological Survey. NBMG is also part of the Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering at the University of Nevada in Reno. Scientists with the NBMG conduct research and publish their findings around topics which include, mineral and energy resources, engineering geology, environmental geology, earthquakes, groundwater, and geologic mapping in Nevada. In addition, the NBMG provides special services in the field of analytical geochemistry and assay standards, mineral and rock identification. The NBMG provides earth-science education and in-service teacher training and continuing education for professional geoscientists, geologic and geotechnical information.
The NBMG operates the State's abandoned mine lands program, to identify, rank the degree of hazard, and secure mine sites that are no longer operating. Since the inception of the program, over 2,400 sites have been secured. It is estimated that some 50,000 sites in Nevada pose varying degrees of physical safety hazard to the public. Field investigations have also yielded information that will be useful in determining the possibility of sites contributing to surface and groundwater contamination, such as acid mine drainage or excessive arsenic.

## Mine Hazards

Mines in Nevada have produced millions of dollars from a variety of metals, including gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tungsten, and zinc. Many mine openings were developed to explore for metals, but were never operating mines.
Arsenic and mercury, are the biggest threats exposing potentially toxic elements which are often found with deposits of gold and silver, were also produced locally. These toxic elements of local concern include boron, cadmium, selenium, and thallium. There are over 500 historic mining districts throughout the State of Nevada.
The State of Nevada has been studied as a potential location for the disposing of nuclear waste. There is a necessary and respected approach to understanding of problems in the physical sciences and are particularly critical to evaluating the effectiveness of potential nuclear waste isolation sites and strategies facing our Nation. One site in particular is the Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This site studied by the NBMG differs substantially from other potential repositories due to the finding of natural analogues of nuclear material that are currently being studied.
# New Haven, Wisconsin

New Haven is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:
* New Haven, Adams County, Wisconsin, a town
* New Haven, Dunn County, Wisconsin, a town
# New Pranks of Andersson's Kalle

New Pranks of Andersson's Kalle (Swedish: Anderssonskans Kalle på nya upptåg) is a 1923 silent comedy film directed by Sigurd Wallén and starring Gösta Alexandersson, Dagmar Ebbesen and Edvin Adolphson. It is a sequel to the 1922 film Andersson's Kalle which was based on the 1901 novel of the same title by Emil Norlander.

## Synopsis

Kalle a young boy from the working class Södermalm district of Stockholm is adopted by a wealthy family and introduced into the high society of the city. However, he remains fond of practical jokes.

## Cast

* Gösta Alexandersson as Kalle
* Anna Diedrich as Anderssonsskan
* Dagmar Ebbesen as Pilgrenskan
* Albin Lindahl as Graham
* Hilda Castegren as Clövercrona
* Mona Mårtenson as Ruth Graha, direktørns syster
* Edvin Adolphson as Paul Abraham Ceder
* Julia Cæsar as Lövbergskan
* Hildur Skantze as Mrs. Graham
* Carl-Gunnar Wingård as Mogren
# New Jagannath Sadak

New Jagannath Sadak (also known as Nua Jagannath Sadak/Jagannath Sadak )- The road to Jagannath Dham, Puri:
Total length: 96 km, covering three major districts of Odisha - Puri, Khurdha, and Nayagarh.
| Name of the road: | New Jagannath Sadak (ନୂଆ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ସଡ଼କ) |
| Length: | 96 km |
| Place of coverage: | Chandanpur of Puri to Sarankula of Nayagarh (Odisha) |
| Established: | 1996 |
It passes through six assembly segments. Road is from Biranarsinghpur of Puri to Sarankula of Nayagarh.
Road inaugurated: 1996 by Janaki Ballabh Patnaik, former CM, Odisha.
Road work started: 1987
Road completed: 1996 (before Nabakalebara).
Road connecting NH-203 with NH-5, also connects NH-203(A) with NH-224.
It connects Puri with Western Odisha and Southern Odisha; also connecting it with western India and southern India. Most of the road is made from concrete because the road passes through the maximum flood areas. On 9 July 2015 Union minister of Road Transport and National Highway Shree Nitin Gadkari declared New Jagannath Sadak as a National Highway.
The road plays a role in tourism and economic transportation of Odisha.
New Jagannath Sadak is one of those roads in Odisha which passes through paddy fields, rivers, hills, forests, villages, temples, big markets, and ponds.
New Jagannath sadak connects Puri with nearer tourist places like Barkul, Nirmalajhara, Gopalpur, Tara Tarini Temple, Banapur, Odagaon, Sarankul, Maninag Temple. It also connects Puri with Brahmapur, Nayagarh, Balangir, Phulbani, Kalahandi, Sonepur, Boudh and Sambalpur. New Jagannath Sadak passes through Sarankul, Raj-Ranpur, Rameswar, Nirakarpur, Jankia-Gadasahi, Bijipur and Chandanpur town.
Tourists and tourist buses from Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka are going to Puri by New Jagannath Sadak. New jagannath sadak is being developed into a two-lane carriage way for Nabakalebara.
In June 2016, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highway approved the NH declaration of New Jagannath Sadak in principle.
Some parts of this road are MDR (Major District Road) and other parts are ODR (Other District Road).
A new bypass is developed on New Jagannath Sadak to bypass Biranarsinghpur village of Puri District for the smooth flow of vehicles.
# 1943 La Flèche Wallonne

The 1943 La Flèche Wallonne was the seventh edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 23 May 1943. The race started in Mons and finished in Charleroi. The race was won by Marcel Kint.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Marcel Kint (BEL) | 5h 40' 00" |
| 2 | Georges Claes (BEL) | + 10" |
| 3 | Désiré Keteleer (BEL) | + 10" |
| 4 | Armand Putzeys (BEL) | + 10" |
| 5 | Ernest Sterckx (BEL) | + 10" |
| 6 | Jacques Geus (BEL) | + 10" |
| 7 | Jerome Dufromont (BEL) | + 10" |
| 8 | Jules Lowie (BEL) | + 10" |
| 9 | Omer Thys (BEL) | + 10" |
| 10 | Joseph Moerenhout (BEL) | + 10" |
# New Stone Hall

New Stone Hall is a historic school building located at Franklin in Delaware County, New York, United States. It was built in 1855–1856 and is a three-story rectangular building, eight bays wide and three bays deep. It features a slate-covered hipped roof and octagonal cupola. It was built as the main academic building of the Delaware Literary Institute, then later used by the local school system. It was abandoned in 1932. It is located within the Franklin Village Historic District.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# 1953 Stanford Indians baseball team

The 1953 Stanford Indians baseball team represented Stanford University in the 1953 NCAA baseball season. The Indians played their home games at Sunken Diamond. The team was coached by Everett Dean in his 4th year at Stanford.
The Indians won the District VIII Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Lafayette Leopards.

## Schedule

1953 Stanford Indians baseball game log :
Regular season :
March (0–0)
#DateOpponentSite/stadiumScoreOverall recordCIBA record
March 27at Southern CaliforniaBovard Field • Los Angeles, California7–1––
March 28at Southern CaliforniaBovard Field • Los Angeles, California5–2–– :
April (0–0)
#DateOpponentSite/stadiumScoreOverall recordCIBA record
AprilUCLAUnknown • Unknown0–1––
AprilUCLAUnknown • Unknown4–12––
April 24Southern CaliforniaSunken Diamond • Stanford, California11–10–– :
May (0–0)
#DateOpponentSite/stadiumScoreOverall recordCIBA record
MayUCLAUnknown • Unknown2–0––
MayUCLAUnknown • Unknown6–10–– :
Postseason :
District VIII Playoff (0–0)
#DateOpponentSite/stadiumScoreOverall recordCIBA record :
College World Series (1–2)
#DateOpponentSite/stadiumScoreOverall recordCIBA record
34June 11vs MichiganOmaha Municipal Stadium • Omaha, Nebraska0–428–4–210–6
35June 12vs HoustonOmaha Municipal Stadium • Omaha, Nebraska7–629–4–210–6
36June 13vs LafayetteOmaha Municipal Stadium • Omaha, Nebraska3–429–5–210–6 :

## Awards and honors
### Jack Shepard

* First Team All-American American Baseball Coaches Association
# 1948 in El Salvador

The following lists events that happened in 1948 in El Salvador.

## Incumbents

* President: Salvador Castaneda Castro (until 14 December), Revolutionary Council of Government (starting 14 December 14)
* Vice President: Manuel Adriano Vilanova(until 14 December), Vacant (starting 14 December)

## Events
### February

* 14 December – President Salvador Castaneda Castro was deposed in a military coup d'état. The Revolutionary Council of Government was established.

### March

* 2 March – C.D. Sonsonate, a Salvadoran football club, was established.

### Undated

* C.D. Audaz, a Salvadoran football club, was established.

## Births

* 24 June – Armando Calderón Sol, politician (d. 2017)
# Neurogomphus

Neurogomphus is a genus of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It contains the following species:
* Neurogomphus dissimilis
* Neurogomphus featheri
* Neurogomphus pinheyi
* Neurogomphus zambeziensis
# 1951–52 Rangers F.C. season

The 1951–52 season was the 72nd season of competitive football by Rangers.

## Overview

Rangers played a total of 45 competitive matches during the 1951–52 season.

## Results

All results are written with Rangers' score first.

### Scottish League Division A

| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance |
| 8 September 1951 | Partick Thistle | H | 4–1 | 45,000 |
| 22 September 1951 | Celtic | H | 1–1 | 86,000 |
| 29 September 1951 | Dundee | A | 0–1 | 31,000 |
| 10 October 1951 | East Fife | H | 1–1 | 20,000 |
| 20 October 1951 | Heart of Midlothian | H | 2–0 | 35,000 |
| 3 November 1951 | Hibernian | A | 1–1 | 55,000 |
| 10 November 1951 | St Mirren | H | 5–1 | 18,500 |
| 17 November 1951 | Raith Rovers | A | 1–3 | 21,000 |
| 24 November 1951 | Stirling Albion | H | 3–0 | 20,000 |
| 1 December 1951 | Third Lanark | H | 1–1 | 17,000 |
| 8 December 1951 | Morton | A | 1–0 | 14,000 |
| 15 December 1951 | Motherwell | H | 3–0 | 40,000 |
| 22 December 1951 | Partick Thistle | A | 3–1 | 35,000 |
| 29 December 1951 | Queen of the South | H | 3–2 | 30,000 |
| 1 January 1952 | Celtic | A | 4–1 | 45,000 |
| 2 January 1952 | Dundee | H | 1–2 | 35,000 |
| 5 January 1952 | East Fife | A | 1–2 | 18,000 |
| 12 January 1952 | Airdrieonians | H | 1–0 | 35,000 |
| 19 January 1952 | Heart of Midlothian | A | 2–2 | 47,684 |
| 26 January 1952 | St Mirren | A | 5–0 | 32,000 |
| 2 February 1952 | Aberdeen | H | 3–2 | 35,000 |
| 13 February 1952 | Hibernian | H | 2–2 | 45,000 |
| 16 February 1952 | Airdrieonians | A | 1–0 | 24,000 |
| 27 February 1952 | Raith Rovers | H | 1–0 | 20,000 |
| 1 March 1952 | Stirling Albion | A | 5–1 | 14,000 |
| 15 March 1952 | Morton | H | 1–0 | 35,000 |
| 22 March 1952 | Motherwell | A | 1–2 | 22,000 |
| 29 March 1952 | Queen of the South | A | 2–2 | 12,000 |
| 16 April 1952 | Third Lanark | A | 1–1 | 15,000 |
| 19 April 1952 | Aberdeen | A | 1–1 | 20,000 |

### Scottish Cup

| Date | Round | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance |
| 9 February 1952 | R2 | Elgin City | H | 6–1 | 36,324 |
| 23 February 1952 | R3 | Arbroath | A | 2–0 | 13,510 |
| 8 March 1952 | QF | Motherwell | H | 1–1 | 95,000 |
| 12 March 1952 | QF Replay | Motherwell | A | 1–2 | 26,475 |

### League Cup

| Date | Round | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance |
| 11 August 1951 | SR | East Fife | A | 0–0 | 18,500 |
| 15 August 1951 | SR | Aberdeen | H | 2–1 | 60,000 |
| 18 August 1951 | SR | Queen of the South | A | 3–0 | 19,000 |
| 25 August 1951 | SR | East Fife | H | 4–1 | 28,000 |
| 29 August 1951 | SR | Aberdeen | A | 1–2 | 28,000 |
| 1 September 1951 | SR | Queen of the South | H | 5–2 | 40,000 |
| 15 September 1951 | QF L1 | Dunfermline Athletic | A | 0–1 | 20,000 |
| 19 September 1951 | QF L2 | Dunfermline Athletic | H | 3–1 | 45,000 |
| 13 October 1951 | SF | Celtic | N | 3–0 | 82,050 |
| 27 October 1951 | F | Dundee | N | 2–3 | 91,217 |

### St Mungo Cup

| Date | Round | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| 14 July 1951 | SF | Aberdeen | A | 1–2 | 30,000 | Findlay |
# Protomelas taeniolatus

Protomelas taeniolatus (often sold under various trade names: Haplochromis red empress, red empress or spindle hap) is a Haplochromine cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa. The fish is popular in the aquarium hobby due to the bright rainbow-like colors of adult males and its relatively peaceful temperament. Juvenile and female P. taeniolatus, like many Haplochromines, do not display bright coloration.
The red empress is endemic to Lake Malawi and occurs in sediment free, rocky habitats in relatively shallow waters. It mainly feeds on algae growing on the rock surfaces, but also on a variety of small invertebrates. Males can reach a size of up to 11.3 centimetres (4.4 in) TL.

## Fin Profile

The Red Emperor Cichlid has an impressive fin profile to help it survive in its natural habitat: its large body is bristling with spiny fins, which it uses to ward off predators and navigate the water. The anal, dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins are long to help the fish move quickly through the water. Moreover, the front of each fin is made softer to compatible with water dynamics to gain maximum speeds.

## Home Aquarium

Due to the attractive colors of the male, these fish are used in the freshwater home aquarium to add variety and color. When kept in captivity they usually grow to around 15 cm (6 inches) and should be kept in at least a 55-gallon tank. They prefer a pH level of 8.2 and a temperature of 26-28 °C (82.4 °F).

## Territory

The Protomelas taeniolatus is generally a peaceful fish until breeding time. At this time the male will guard quite a large amount of territory and chase away any fish that enters his 'lair'. The males are mostly aggressive to each other unless in a large area of water. When the breeding time is over he will, again, allow any fish to enter his territory and will not guard it