OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laoshang

Laoshang (Chinese: 老上; r. 174–161 BCE), whose personal name was Jiyu (Chinese: 稽鬻), was a Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire who succeeded his father Modu Chanyu in 174 BCE. Under his reign, the Xiongnu Empire continued to expand against the Yuezhi and the Xiongnu thus gained control of the Hexi Corridor.

## Name

Laoshang in Chinese means "old and elevated', and is probably a translation from a Xiongnu title, but might represent an attempt to phonetically represent a Xiongnu word.

## Life

In 177 BCE or 176 BCE, following direction from his father Modu, Jiyu put an end to the danger of the Yuezhi, made their king's skull into a drinking cup, and chased them from Gansu. The Yuezhi migrated west.
In 174 BCE, Modu died and Jiyu became Laoshang Chanyu.
The Shiji chap. 110 says:
   "Shortly after this, Maodun died and his son Jizhu was set up with the title of Old Shanyu. When Jizhu became Shanyu [in 174 BCE], Emperor Wen sent a princess of the imperial family to be his consort, dispatching a eunuch from Yan named Zhonghang Yue to accompany her as her tutor.
In 166 BCE, Xiongnu forces under Laoshang raided within sight of Chang'an and carried off a large number of people and animals.
In 165 BCE, the Xiongnu returned and raided within sight of Chang'an again.
In 164 BCE, the Xiongnu under Laoshang overran Gansu and the Tarim Basin completely, driving out the Yuezhi and Sakas, who invaded Bactria and occupied Sogdia. The Yuezhi would be pushed out by the Wusun, forcing them further into Sogdia and driving out the Sakas. The Sakas went to Parthia and some to India. A group known as the Lesser Yuezhi fled into southern Gansu and merged with the Qiang population. Laoshang also defeated a group of people in northern Bactria known as the Hathal and turned their chief's skull into a drinking cup. From this western position the Xiongnu conducted yearly raids on the Han.
In 161 BCE, Laoshang died and was succeeded by his son, Junchen Chanyu.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Hulsewé (1979), p. 120, n. 284.
* ↑ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 27. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
* ↑ Watson (1993), p. 142.
* 1 2 Whiting 2002, p. 140.
* ↑ Whiting 2002, p. 141.
* ↑ Loewe 2000, p. 205.
# Dyckia remotiflora

Dyckia remotiflora is a plant species in the genus Dyckia. It is native to Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil.
Four varieties are recognized:
* Dyckia remotiflora var. angustior L.B.Sm. - Rio Grande do Sul
* Dyckia remotiflora var. montevidensis (K.Koch) L.B.Sm. - Entre Ríos, southern Brazil
* Dyckia remotiflora var. remotiflora - Uruguay, southern Brazil
* Dyckia remotiflora var. tandilensis (Speg.) Cabrera - Buenos Aires but probably extinct

## Cultivars

* Dyckia 'Suntan'
# Don Penny

Donald Penny Schneider (April 6, 1933 – May 6, 2024) was an American television actor and comedian.

## Life and career

Donald Penny Schneider was born in Brooklyn, New York, on April 6, 1933, the son of Max and Rose Schneider.
Penny is known for playing the role of Lieutenant Stanley Harris in the American television series The Lieutenant, and Pharmacist Mate Charles Tyler in The Wackiest Ship in the Army. He also worked for 38th president of the United States, Gerald Ford, as a speech writer.
On May 6, 2024, Penny died in Palmetto, Florida, at the age of 91.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1967 | Three's a Crowd | Harvey | TV movie |
| 1975 | Pick-Up | Politician | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1962 | The Brighter Day | Toby Ballard | unknown episodes |
| 1962 | Hennesey | Lt. Bob Alexander/Lt. Bob Anderson | 2 episodes |
| 1962 | The Danny Thomas Show | Cousin Don | 1 episode |
| 1963–1964 | The Lieutenant | Lieutenant Stanley Harris | 14 episodes |
| 1964 | CBS Workshop | | 1 episode |
| 1964 | The Bing Crosby Show | Harold | 1 episode |
| 1965–1966 | The Wackiest Ship in the Army | Pharmacist Mate Charles Tyler | 17 episodes |
| 1965 | 12 O'Clock High | Captain Butcher/Lieutenant Regis | 3 episodes |
| 1966 | Please Don't Eat the Daisies | Sam | 1 episode |
| 1966 | The Monkees | Honeywell | 1 episode |
| 1967 | Bewitched | Barney | 1 episode |
| 1967–1968 | That Girl | Seymour Schwimmer | 2 episodes |
| 1967 | Occasional Wife | Teddy | 1 episode |
| 1968 | Insight | Al | 1 episode |
# Don Luca c'è

Don Luca c'è is an Italian television series. It is the sequel of Don Luca.

## Cast

* Luca Laurenti: Don Luca
* Nora Amile: Barista
* Stefano Chiodaroli: Angelo
* Gianluca Fubelli: Crocifisso
* Valeria Graci: Laura
# Robert Stephens (historian)

Robert Stephens (1665–1732), who was appointed historiographer royal in 1727, was a public servant and historian. He was the first to publish much of Francis Bacon's private correspondence.

## Life

Born in 1665, Robert Stephens was the fourth son of Richard Stephens of the elder house of that name at Eastington in Gloucestershire, by his wife Anne, eldest daughter of Sir Hugh Cholmeley, bart. His first education was at Wotton school, whence he removed to Lincoln College, Oxford, matriculating on 19 May 1681, but he left the university without taking a degree. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1689, and was one of the founders of the Society of Antiquaries in 1717.
Being a relative of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, whose mother, Abigail, was daughter of Nathaniel Stephens of Eastington, he was preferred by him to be chief solicitor of the customs, in which employment he continued till 1726, when he was appointed to succeed Thomas Madox in the place of historiographer-royal. He died at Grovesend, near Thornbury, Gloucestershire, on 9 Nov. 1732, and was buried at Eastington, where a monument with an English inscription was erected to his memory by his widow (and first cousin), Mary Stephens, daughter of Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet.

## Work

Stephens began about 1690 to transcribe and collect unpublished "letters and memoirs" of Francis Bacon, chiefly in collections. The first result of his labours was his Letters of Sir Francis Bacon published in London in 1702. After this volume had appeared Harley "was pleased to put into my hands some neglected manuscripts and loose papers, to see whether any of the Lord Bacon's compositions lay concealed there that were fit to be published." His investigations induced Stephens to prepare another volume, Letters and Remains of the Lord Chancellor Bacon. The first 231 pages of this volume (it consists of 516), with a preface and introductory memoir, were sent to press by Stephens. The rest were selected from his papers by his friend John Locker, and the whole volume was edited by Stephens's widow.
Among Stephens's collection in the British Library (Addit. MS. 4269) is a catalogue of letters and papers connected with Bacon. Many of these documents cannot now be found, and a list of the missing papers is printed in Spedding, Ellis and Heath's edition of Bacon's Works, 1874, xiv. 590. It is possible that they are still in existence, and may yet be recovered. All the letters and papers described in Stephens's 'Catalogue' were most probably in the hands of Archbishop Tenison at Lambeth as late as December 1682.
# Apantesis blakei

Apantesis blakei, or Blake's tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1864. It is found on the North American Great Plains, and southern prairie provinces of Canada.
The larvae feed on Antennaria dimorpha, Koeleria cristata, Poa sandbergii, Stipa comata, Agropyron smithii, Eurotia lanata, Bouteloua gracilis and Carex species.
This species was formerly a member of the genus Grammia, but was moved to Apantesis along with the other species of the genera Grammia, Holarctia, and Notarctia.
# Donald James Allan

Donald James Allan, FBA (22 December 1907 – 19 June 1978) was a British classical scholar. He was Professor of Greek at the University of Glasgow from 1957 to 1971. Allan was educated at Christ's Hospital School and then at Christ Church, Oxford. During the Second World War he worked at Bletchley Park.

## Selected publications

* Aristotle, De Caelo, 1936. (Editor)
* Plato, The Republic, 1940. (Editor)
* "Mediaeval Versions of Aristotle, De Caelo, and of the Commentary of Simplicius" in Mediaeval and Renaissance Studies, Vol. 2 (1950), pp. 82–120.
* The Philosophy of Aristotle, Oxford University Press, 1952. (Home University Library of Modern Knowledge No. 222)
# Donald Grant (politician)

Donald Arthur Cardross Grant is a South African businessman and politician. He was the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Transport and Public Works from 2014 to 2019 and the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Education from 2009 to 2014. He was a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament from 2009 to 2019. Grant started his political career as a councillor at the Bitou Municipality. Grant is a member of the Democratic Alliance (DA).

## Biography

Donald Grant obtained a Master of Business Administration at the University of Cape Town. He worked for several years in the private sector before he was elected a Bitou Local Municipality councillor.
In April 2009, he was elected as a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament for the Democratic Alliance. He was sworn in as a Member on 6 May 2009. Newly elected Premier Helen Zille announced that Grant would become the Provincial Minister of Education, succeeding Yousuf Gabru. He was inaugurated as Provincial Minister on 7 May 2009 by Constitutional Court Judge Yvonne Mokgoro.
In the general election of 7 May 2014, he was re-elected for a second term as a member of the provincial parliament. Zille announced that Grant would now become Provincial Minister of Transport and Public Works, succeeding Robin Carlisle. He was inaugurated by Western Cape High Court Deputy Judge President Janette Traverso on 26 May 2014. Debbie Schäfer succeeded him as Provincial Minister of Education.
Grant left the provincial parliament after the 2019 elections, although he was elected to another term as an MPP. Newly elected Premier Alan Winde appointed him as a special adviser. In November 2021, he retired from the provincial government.
# Donald R. Lobaugh

Donald Ronald Lobaugh (February 7, 1925 – July 22, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

## Biography

Lobaugh joined the Army from his birthplace of Freeport, Pennsylvania in May 1942, and by July 22, 1944, was serving as a private in the 127th Infantry Regiment, 32nd Infantry Division. On that day, near Afua, Dutch New Guinea, he single-handedly attacked an enemy machine gun emplacement which was pinning down one platoon of his company. Lobaugh was killed in the attack and, on April 17, 1945, posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.
Lobaugh, aged 19 at his death, was buried at Rimersburg Cemetery in Rimersburg, Pennsylvania. In 2004 he was inducted into the Hall of Valor at the Soldiers and Sailors National Military Museum and Memorial in Pittsburgh.

## Medal of Honor citation

Private Lobaugh's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty near Afua, New Guinea, on July 22, 1944. While Pvt. Lobaugh's company was withdrawing from its position on July 21, the enemy attacked and cut off approximately 1 platoon of our troops. The platoon immediately occupied, organized, and defended a position, which it held throughout the night. Early on July 22, an attempt was made to effect its withdrawal, but during the preparation therefor, the enemy emplaced a machinegun, protected by the fire of rifles and automatic weapons, which blocked the only route over which the platoon could move. Knowing that it was the key to the enemy position, Pvt. Lobaugh volunteered to attempt to destroy this weapon, even though in order to reach it he would be forced to work his way about 30 yards over ground devoid of cover. When part way across this open space he threw a hand grenade, but exposed himself in the act and was wounded. Needless of his wound, he boldly rushed the emplacement, firing as he advanced. The enemy concentrated their fire on him, and he was struck repeatedly, but he continued his attack and killed 2 more before he was himself slain. Pvt. Lobaugh's heroic actions inspired his comrades to press the attack, and to drive the enemy from the position with heavy losses. His fighting determination and intrepidity in battle exemplify the highest traditions of the U.S. Armed Forces.

## Recognition

In 1965, a vehicular cantilever bridge across the Allegheny River between Buffalo Township and Allegheny Township, Pennsylvania was named in Lobaugh's honor. Lobaugh was born in the nearby town of Freeport, Pennsylvania.
# Donald Kingdon

Sir Donald Kingdon (24 November 1883 – 17 December 1961) was a British judicial officer who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria from 1929 to 1946. He remains Nigeria's longest serving Chief Justice. He served under Graeme Thomson, Donald Cameron, Bernard Bourdillon, and Arthur Richards. He also served as the Attorney-General of Nigeria, from 1919 to 1925, and edited and composed several authoritative books about West African laws.

## Early life

Kingdon, who was born in November 1883, was the son of Walter Kingdon. He was educated at Eastbourne College, and at St John's College, Cambridge.

## Career

Kingdon worked for the Colonial Service in Gambia as an Inspector of Schools and Legal Assistant, and later was a member of the country's Legislative Council. He was Attorney-General of Uganda, and he was in 1918 appointed as Attorney-General of the Gold Coast. He was a Knight Bachelor.
Kingdon was appointed as the head of a commission to investigate the 1929 and 1930 insurrections against taxation in the Calabar and Owerri Provinces that killed 55 people. The commission report found that inadequate police training and undue restriction on the investigation of criminality contributed to the violations of law.

## Issue

Donald Kingdon married Kathleen Moody, who was the daughter of the businessman Charles Edmund Moody, and who was the granddaughter of Major-General Richard Clement Moody (who was the founder of British Columbia) and of Mary Hawks of the Hawks industrial dynasty. Kingdon and Kathleen Moody had three children:
* 1. Joan Campbell Kingdon (1915 - 1941). She married Hamish Forsyth who died in The Blitz. Joan was killed, in 1941, by a bomb blast, whilst driving an ambulance.
* 2. Richard Donald Kingdon (1917 - 1952). He married Leslie Eve Donnell. He died whilst piloting to Le Mans an aircraft, of which the engines failed, that crashed into the English Channel, whereupon he gave his life jacket to a passenger.
* 3. Elizabeth Kingdon.

## Books

* The Laws of Ashanti; Containing the Ordinances of Ashanti, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws made thereunder, in force on the 31st Day of December 1919 (1920)
* The Laws of the Gambia in force on the 1st Day of January 1955 (1950)
* The Laws of the Federation of Nigeria and Lagos : in force on the 1st Day of June 1958 (Revised edition, 1959)
# Donald Kinney

Ralph Donald Kinney (5 April 1957 – 4 March 2021) was a businessman and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented York in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003.
He was born in Harvey Station, New Brunswick, the son of Don Kinney. He worked with Capital Insurance Services Ltd. and then M.S.C. Insurance, later becoming owner of the second company, renamed McAdam Insurance Services Ltd. He died in 2021 from cancer at the age of 63.
# Donacaula nitidellus

Donacaula nitidellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1917. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, Alabama, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas.
The length of the forewings is 22–39 mm. The forewings are greyish beige. The hindwings of the males are yellowish grey, sometimes with a longitudinal grey line. The female hindwings are yellowish white, always without the grey line. Adults have been recorded on wing from April to December.
# Donald Ridge

Donald Ridge (79°37′S 83°10′W﻿ / ﻿79.617°S 83.167°W﻿ / -79.617; -83.167) is a narrow ridge extending south from Mount Capley in the Pioneer Heights, Heritage Range. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Donald L. Willson, a meteorologist at Little America V Station in 1958.
# Donbas (disambiguation)

Donbas is a region in eastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia.
Donbas or Donbass may also refer to:
* Donbass (film), a 2018 film directed by Sergei Loznitsa
* Donbass (ship), a Soviet World War II ship
* Donbas (Ukrainian command ship), a ship of the Ukrainian Navy
* Donbass Arena, a sports stadium in Donetsk, Ukraine
* Donbas State Technical University, a university in Alchevsk, Ukraine
* Donbas strategic offensive (August 1943), a Soviet strategic operation during World War II
* 19916 Donbass, an asteroid
* HC Donbass, a Ukrainian ice hockey team
* HC Donbass-2, a former Ukrainian ice hockey team
* Battle of Donbas (disambiguation)
* The Donbas oblasts of Ukraine, collectively:
** Donetsk Oblast
** Luhansk Oblast
* The Donbas republics of Novorossiya (confederation), unrecognized separatist states in parts of the Donbas region:
** Donetsk People's Republic
** Luhansk People's Republic
# Apostolepis christineae

Apostolepis christineae is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Brazil and Bolivia.
# Appleby Talking

Appleby Talking is a collection of detective short stories by the British writer Michael Innes published in 1954. John Appleby, a Golden Age Scotland Yard detective, features in all twenty three stories. The series of novels had run since Death at the President's Lodging in 1936, but this was the first time shorter stories about Appleby's cases had been collected in a single volume. It was followed by a second collection Appleby Talks Again in 1956. It was published in the United States under the alternative title Dead Man's Shoes.

## Stories

* Appleby's First Case
* Pokerwork
* The Spendlove Papers
* The Furies
* Eye Witness
* The Bandertree Case
* The Key
* The Flight of Patroclus
* The Clock-Face Case
* Miss Geach
* Tragedy of a Handkerchief
* The Cave of Belarius
* A Nice Cup of Tea
* The Sands of Thyme
* The X-Plan
* Lesson in Anatomy
* Imperious Caesar
* The Clancarron Ball
* A Dog's Life
* A Derby Horse
* William the Conqueror
* Dead Man's Shoes
* The Lion and the Unicorn
# Donald L. Robertson Park

Donald L. Robertson Park is a public park in Wood Village, Oregon, United States. The park has a playground, an arboretum, a basketball court, and a wetland area.
# Dongyang (disambiguation)

Dongyang (东阳市) is a county-level city in Zhejiang province, China.
Dongyang or Tongyang may also refer to:

## Places

* The Orient, in Chinese (东洋; 東洋; Dōngyáng) and Korean (동양; Dongyang; Tongyang)
* Dongyang, Liuyang (洞阳镇), a town in Liuyang city, Hunan province, China

## Organisations

* Dong Yang Animation Co., LTD, South Korean animation studio
* Tongyang Group, former South Korean conglomerate
** Dongyang Cement, South Korean cement company now known as Sampyo Cement
** Orion Confectionery, established in 1956 as Tongyang Confectionery Corp
* Tongyang Broadcasting Company, former South Korean broadcasting company merged into KBS in 1980
* Dongyang University, university in Yeongju, South Korea
# Aporia hippia

Aporia hippia is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in the Russian Far East (Amur region, Ussuri), Korea, Japan, China, and Mongolia.
The forewing length is 25–40 mm (0.98–1.57 in).
The larvae feed on Berberis species, including Berberis amurensis and Berberis thunbergii.

## Subspecies

There are seven subspecies:
* Aporia hippia hippia
* Aporia hippia crataegoides
* Aporia hippia japonica (Japan)
* Aporia hippia kreitneri
* Aporia hippia occidentalis (Transbaikalia)
* Aporia hippia taupingi
* Aporia hippia thibetana (Manchuria)
Aporia hippia taupingi might be synonym of Aporia hippia thibetana.
# Don't Tread on Me (We the Kingdom song)

"Don't Tread on Me" is a song by We the Kingdom that was released as the third single from their debut studio album, Holy Water (2020), on April 24, 2020. The song was written by Ed Cash, Scott Cash, Franni Cash, Martin Cash, and Andrew Bergthold.
"Don't Tread On Me" peaked at No. 40 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart.

## Background

"Don't Tread on Me" was released by We the Kingdom as the third single from their debut studio album, Holy Water (2020), along with its accompanying lyric video. Ed Cash shared the message of the song, saying:
   It's one of those songs, that for us, is just a powerful thing to proclaim. We've been given authority over the kingdom of darkness by Jesus. When we come together and we proclaim that, it is really powerful.

## Composition

"Don't Tread On Me" is composed in the key of E minor with a tempo of 70 beats per minute and a musical time signature of $^4$ $_4$. The singers' vocal range spans from D$_4$ to C$_5$.

## Commercial performance

"Don't Tread On Me" made its debut at No. 40 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart dated August 22, 2020, following its commercial release.

## Music videos

We the Kingdom released the lyric video of "Don't Tread On Me" on April 24, 2020. The live music video of the song, recorded at Young Life Sharptop Cove in Jasper, Georgia, was released on May 5, 2020, on YouTube. The Church Sessions video featuring an appearance by Maverick City Music was released on October 19, 2020. The Storybrooke Sessions video was released to YouTube on June 9, 2020.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Don't Tread On Me" :
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| US Christian Songs (Billboard) | 40 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | April 24, 2020 | Digital downloadstreaming | Capitol Christian Music Group | |
# Donovan House

Donovan House may refer to:
* Donovan-Hussey Farms Historic District, Houlton, Maine, including the Donovan House/Farm, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Donovan-Mayer House, Helena, Montana, NRHP-listed in Lewis and Clark County
* J. J. Donovan House, also known as Donovan House, in Bellingham, Washington, NRHP-listed
* Donovan House (Washington, D.C.), a hotel
# Donativum (horse)

Donativum is a British thoroughbred racehorse and winner of the 2008 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf.

## Background

Donativum was a grey gelding bred in the United Kingdom by the Stratford Place Stud. He was one of the best horses sired by the sprinter Cadeaux Genereux.
As a yearling in October 1997 Donativum (then described as a "chestnut colt") was put up for auction at Tattersalls and bought for 120,000 guineas by John Ferguson Bloodstock on behalf of Sheikh Mohammed.

## Racing career
### 2008: two-year-old season

As a juvenile, Donativum was beaten in maiden races on his first two starts and then finished seventh in the Windsor Castle Stakes at Royal Ascot in June. After recording his first victory in a maiden at Yarmouth Racecourse he started a 33/1 outsider for the valuable Timeform Million over seven furlongs at Newmarket on 4 October. Ridden by Martin Dwyer, he finished strongly and won by half a length from Crowded House He was then shipped to California for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf at Santa Anita Racetrack three weeks later. After being restrained toward the rear of the field by Frankie Dettori he made rapid progress in the straight, took the lead in the last fifty yards and won by half a length from the Irish challenger Westphalia.

### 2009: three-year-old season

In 2009 Donativum made seven appearances and ran consistently but appeared some way short of top class. His only success came when he won the Listed Prix de Saint-Patrick over 1600 metres at Deauville Racecourse on 4 July. He also finished third in the Challenge Stakes, fourth in the Joel Stakes and fifth in both the Jersey Stakes and the Prix Quincey.