OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Milford Mills, Pennsylvania

Milford Mills was a village that was located in the Marsh Creek Valley of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was inundated by the construction of the Marsh Creek Dam in 1972.

## History

Milford Mills was one of several farming villages that were settled in Upper Uwchlan Township by Welsh, Scots-Irish and English during the first quarter of the eighteenth century. Like nearby Lyndell and Dorlan, Milford Mills grew during the nineteenth century as paper and textile manufacturing flourished. Later bypassed by large-scale industry, the region reverted to an agricultural economy until after World War II when the Pennsylvania Turnpike brought suburban development to northwestern Chester County.
In 1961, the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters selected the Marsh Creek Valley as favorable location for a flood control and drinking water reservoir to serve the Brandywine River Valley. Despite protests from some residents, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania acquired thirty-four properties throughout the region for the project, razing the village and nearby woodlands. In 1972, the earthen Marsh Creek Dam was completed, standing at 89 feet (27 m) high and 990 feet (301 m) long.
Today, the site of Milford Mills lies beneath the 530-acre (2.1 km$^2$) Marsh Creek Lake, and is part of a water management project operated by the Chester County Water Resources Authority and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Abandoned roads and traces of houses, barns and other structures can be seen on the shores of the lake and in adjacent recreation areas in Marsh Creek State Park.

## Gallery

* The Larkin Covered Bridge was once located in Milford Mills.
* Milford Mills is currently under Marsh Creek Lake.
* Marsh Creek Lake where Marsh Creek Valley and Milford Mills once stood
* Larkin's Covered Bridge at its original location on Covered Bridge Road
* Map of Milford Mills from an 1883 Atlas
* A portion of Milford Road abandoned following the construction of the Marsh Creek dam.
# Kılıçaslan, Suluova

Kılıçaslan is a village in the Suluova District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 165 (2021).
# Radio relics

Radio relics are diffuse synchrotron radio sources found in the peripheral regions of galaxy clusters. As in the case of radio halos, they do not have any obvious galaxy counterpart, but their shapes are much more elongated and irregular compared to those of radio halos. Their energy distribution is steep (much more energy at low radio frequency than at high radio frequency), with hints of a distribution of different ages for the emitting electrons across the whole dimension of the emitting region.
Radio relics can be divided into two main groups: cluster radio shocks or radio gischt are large elongated, often Mpc-sized, radio sources located in the periphery of merging clusters. They probably trace shock fronts in which particles are accelerated via the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. Among them are double-relics with the two relics located on both sides of a cluster centre. Their integrated radio spectrum usually follows a single power law. Radio phoenices are related to radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN). Fossil radio plasma from a previous episode of AGN activity is thought to be compressed by a merger shock wave which boosts both the magnetic field inside the plasma as well as the momenta of the relativistic particles. As a result, the radio plasma brightens in synchrotron emission. In contrast to the radio gischt, the phoenices have a steep curved spectrum indicating an old population of electrons.
The sizes of relics and the distances to the cluster centre vary significantly. Examples of radio relics with sizes of 1 Mpc or larger have been observed in Coma (the prototypical relic source 1253 + 275), Abell 2255, and Abell 2256, which contain both a relic and a halo (as do Abell 225, Abell 521, Abell 754, Abell 1300, Abell 2255, and Abell 2744). The cluster Abell 3667 contains two very luminous, almost symmetric relics with a separation of more than 5 Mpc, as does ZwCl 2341.1+0000, Abell 2345, Abell 1240, and ZwCl 0008.8+5215. The relic with the best evidence for shock acceleration found to date is located in the northern outskirts of the merging galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301. This relic has been nicknamed the sausage and has been discovered by Reinout van Weeren and Marcus Brüggen using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in India.
# Palmer Bus Service

Palmer Bus Service (and Palmer Charter Services) is a bus company serving Minnesota and Wisconsin, founded by Floyd Palmer in 1974 in St. Clair, Minnesota. It is the 36th largest privately run bus company in the nation. Palmer runs over 500 buses and vans.

## Awards

It received a 2001 National School Transportation Association Golden Merit Award "In recognition of excellence of service, safety and outstanding demonstration of community responsibility." The award was one of six presented to school bus operators across the U.S. and Canada at the NSTA convention in Philadelphia, July 2001.
# The Last Sea

* A location within the fictional setting of Narnia.
* A location within the fictional Dark Sun setting.
# Paul Chue

Paul Chue (born 1947) is a former Papua New Guinean national representative rugby league player. Chue captained Papua New Guinea in their first ever test match against England in 1975. He is regarded as Kumul number one.

## Biography

Chue was born in Papua New Guinea and took up rugby union in his school years at St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill in Sydney. He was the first boy of Asian heritage to make that school's rugby first XV when selected in 1963. Following school he studied commerce at the University of New South Wales.
Back in New Guinea Chue took to rugby league and in 1973 captained a Rabaul representative side. He made his sole national representative appearance for the Kumuls in their debut international match against England in Port Moresby in 1975. That match was played to celebrate the new nation's independence.
Chue's business career was with the PNG soft drink firm Pacific Industries Ltd founded by his father Gabriel Achun Chue. Paul Chue ran that business from 1968 and was later succeeded by his son Everett.
# Pizzo di Campedell

Pizzo di Campedell is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. It lies on the range south of Torent Alto between the valley of the Ticino and the Val Calanca.
# Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus

Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name sculptured popcornflower. It is native to Oregon and northern California, where it grows in moist woodland and grassland habitat. It is an annual herb growing mostly erect to a maximum height near half a meter. The leaves along the stem are 4 to 8 centimeters long and the herbage is coated in rough hairs. The inflorescence is a series of small white flowers with rounded five-lobed corollas 2 to 9 millimeters wide. The fruit is a nutlet about 2 millimeters wide with a rough, tubercled or ribbed surface visible on magnification.
# Planchonella sandwicensis

Planchonella sandwicensis is a species of flowering tree in the sapodilla family, Sapotaceae, that is endemic to the main islands of Hawaii. Names for this species in the Hawaiian language include ʻĀlaʻa, Āulu and ʻĒlaʻa.

## Description

ʻĀlaʻa inhabits dry, coastal mesic, and mixed mesic forests at elevations of 240–980 m (790–3,220 ft). ʻĀlaʻa reaches a height of 15 m (49 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.4 m (1.3 ft). The thick bark is grey and fissured, with an orange inner layer. The leaves are alternate, thick, leathery, oblong or elliptical, and measure 6–14 cm (2.4–5.5 in) long and 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 in) wide. The upper surfaces of the leaves are glabrous and shiny green, while the lower surfaces are dull and may feature bronze or reddish brown pressed hairs. The hairs are sometimes found only on the tips of new leaves (see photo gallery below). Inflorescences with one to four bell-shaped flowers are found at the bases of leaves. The fruit, a berry, is 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) in diameter and yellow, orange, or purplish black. Each fruit contains one to five seeds, which are about 2 cm (0.79 in) long and yellow brown.

## Uses

The wood of ʻālaʻa is yellow with black streaks, extremely hard, and close grained. Native Hawaiians used it in house construction and to make the pale (gunwales) of waʻa (outrigger canoes), ʻōʻō (digging sticks), and ihe (spears). The sticky, milky sap was used as a kolū (glue) for weapon and tool handles and as kēpau (birdlime), much like papala kepau (Pisonia spp.).
* Planchonella sandwicensis trunk
* Pouteria sandwicensis (leaves)
# Planchonella myrsinifolia subsp. howeana

Planchonella myrsinifolia subsp. howeana is a subspecies of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to Lord Howe Island.

## Description

It is a small tree growing to 6 m, occasionally 10 m, in height, with a watery, white latex. The alternate, oval leaves are usually 40–80 mm long and 20–40 mm wide. The inconspicuous green flowers, 8 mm long, appear from May to July. The pointed, egg-shaped fruits are 13 mm long.

## Distribution and habitat

The subspecies is found on Australia's subtropical Lord Howe Island. It is a common tree at low elevations.
# Planchonella obovata

Planchonella obovata is a species of tree in the family Sapotaceae. The common name in Australia is the northern yellow boxwood. It occurs in many parts of south-east Asia, Micronesia, and on islands of the Indian Ocean, and has local common names there.
Planchonella obovata grows as a bushy-crowned tree reaching a maximum height of 10 to 20 metres (33 to 66 ft). The leaves hairy when young, with upper surfaces becoming smooth and shiny. They are roughly oval- to spear-shaped and measure 6–24 cm (2.5–9.5 in) long, and 1.5–15 cm (0.59–5.91 in) wide. Appearing from August to October, the tiny greenish-white flowers grow in clusters. Flowering is followed by round red or blue berries 1–1.5 cm (0.39–0.59 in) in diameter. Each berry contains one to five seeds which are yellow when ripe.
The tree was first described as Sersalisia obovata by Robert Brown in his 1810 work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. before being moved to its current binomial name Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre in 1890. It is also known by the synonym Pouteria obovata. The specific epithet obovata refers to the reverse ovate shape of the leaf. A genetic analysis of material found that material from Papua New Guinea was isolated and was a sister to a group comprising material from Australia and Indonesia. Indumentum was present on the leaf surface of the Australian and Indonesian samples, and absent in material from Papua New Guinea.
It can be grown in conditions with good drainage with sunny aspect, and can be propagated by seed. The wood is used for turning and cabinet-making.
# Planchonella povilana

Planchonella povilana is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. As with other species in the same genus, it possesses stamens that are located below (and rarely in) the tube orifice; a multi-seeded fruit, as well as foliaceous cotyledons embedded in endosperm.
# Plesiotrygon

Plesiotrygon, the antenna rays, is a small genus of freshwater stingrays in the family Potamotrygonidae endemic to the Amazon basin in South America. They are found in large rivers and the lower part of their tributaries. The maximum disc width is up to 58 cm (23 in), but both species are very long-tailed (tail length typically at least twice the disc width).
Plesiotrygon are occasionally kept in aquariums and both species have been bred in captivity, but they are sensitive and the tail is easily damaged.

## Species

There are two recognized species:
* Plesiotrygon iwamae R. de S. Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987 (long-tailed river stingray, antenna ray)
* Plesiotrygon nana M. R. de Carvalho & Ragno, 2011 (black-tailed antenna ray, dwarf antenna ray)
# Platys

Platys may refer to:

## Species

* Anaplasma platys, bacterium
* Cacosternum platys, species of frog

## Other uses

* Staurakios Platys, Byzantine officer
* Platys Gialos (disambiguation)
# Pliny the Younger (beer)

Pliny the Younger is a triple IPA brewed by Russian River Brewing Company. It is released annually in February in a two-week event that draws international attendees and generates millions of dollars for the local community.

## History

Russian River Brewing Company debuted Pliny the Younger in 2005 as a winter beer complement to their double IPA, Pliny the Elder. It is named after Pliny the Younger. At the time it was brewed, it was the first triple IPA.
In 2010, it landed on the number 2 spot on beer rating websites Beer Advocate and RateBeer; the result was all 620 gallons brewer Vinnie Cilurzo had made were gone in eight hours. Since then, Russian River Brewing Company has created a controlled release over a two-week period beginning the first Friday in February. Until 2020, it was only available on tap, in 10-ounce glasses, with a limit of three per person at the pub. As it became popular, people began camping outside the pub and waiting hours in line to get a pour. A handful of bar and restaurant accounts also receive kegs, and tap them typically in conjunction with San Francisco Beer Week activities.
In 2020, Russian River sold 510 ml bottles of Younger for the first time at their pub locations. In 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic forced the release online; it sold out in 5 minutes. Russian River co-owner Natalie Cilurzo says they had previously avoided bottling it for fears of a black market online, but found in 2020 that there were a few sales but not as many as she'd feared. In 2022, the pandemic delayed the release at the brewery until March 25, but it was available in both bottles and on tap at both pub locations.

## Beer

Pliny the Younger is an expanded version of Russian River's double IPA Pliny the Elder, with more hops, malt, and higher alcohol; typically, Younger's ABV is around 10.25%. It is dry hopped.

## Economic impact

The Sonoma County Economic Development Board studies the impact of the February release of Pliny the Younger every year.
In 2018, the study determined the Younger release brought an economic impact of $3.36 million to Sonoma County from visitors who traveled to the county specifically for the release. According to the report, people came from 17 countries and 40 states.
In 2019, the study found the Younger release brought $4.16 million in economic impact, helped by the addition of a second location: the original bar in Santa Rosa and the new larger brewing facility in Windsor. Visitors came from 14 countries and 42 states, according to the report.
In 2020, the number rose to $5.1 million. More than 23,000 visitors came from 14 countries and 47 states.
# Poa compressa

Poa compressa, the Canada bluegrass or flattened meadow-grass, is a perennial flattened meadow grass, similar to common meadow-grass, Poa pratensis. It is native to Europe but it can be found nearly worldwide as an introduced species. It grows in old wall tops, pavement cracks, dry stony grassland, and many types of wild habitat. It has a flattened stem, 23–30 cm tall, a close one sided panicle of grey green, with purple florets.
The ligule is rounded.
# Plywood saw

A plywood saw is a saw that has a fine-toothed blade that minimizes tearing of the outer plies of a sheet of plywood. An extra set of teeth on the curved upper edge of the blade allows starting of a cut on the inside of a panel (away from the edge) without having to drill a starting hole. The standard plywood saw blade is 11 inches long and has 14 tpi (teeth per inch).
# Polaki

Polaki may refer to:
* Polaki, Iran, a village in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
* Polaki, Kočani, a village in North Macedonia
* Polaki, Poland, a village in Poland
* Polaki, Srikakulam, a village in India
# Polak model

The Polak model is a monetary approach to the balance of payment published by J. J. Polak in 1957. It seeks to model a small, open economy operating under fixed nominal exchange rate. Polak suggest explicit links between the monetary and external sectors. Polak results continue to form the theoretical bases on which the IMF Financial Programming are carried out.
The Polak Model is based on the following four equations:
$M_{d}v=Y$
$Z=mY$
$\Delta M_{s}=\Delta R+\Delta DC$
$\Delta R=X-Z+\Delta F$
Where $M_{d}$ is the demand for money, $v$ is the velocity of money (here considered constant), $Y$ is the output, $Z$ is the imports, $m$ is the marginal propensity to import, $M_{s}$ is the money supply, $R$ is the amount of foreign reserves, $DC$ is the Domestic Credit, $X$ is exports, and $F$ are other net foreign currency flows.
In the model the following variables are seen as exogenous:
Real Output $(Y)$, Exports $(X)$, other foreign currency inflows $(\Delta F)$ $\Delta F=NTR-INT-\Delta NFA$.
They have to be projected during the IMF Financial Programming exercise in order to set the desired levels for the target variables which are:
Level of International Reserves $(R)$ Inflation, of change in price for the domestic sector $(\Delta P_{d})$ and, Credit extended to the private sector $(\Delta DC_{p})$.
The model also assumes that sooner or later the market will clear meaning that demand and supply of money will equal, or:
$\Delta M_{d}=\Delta M_{s}$
# Plymouth Cabana

The Plymouth Cabana was a 1958 concept car built by Plymouth. It was a station wagon that featured a unique glass roof for the rear portion of the car.
# 2024 SEA Women's V.League

The 2024 SEA Women's V.League is the fourth edition of the SEA V.League, contested by four women's national teams that are the members of the Southeast Asian Volleyball Association (SAVA), the sport's regional governing body affiliated to Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC).
The first leg is currently held in Vĩnh Phúc, Vietnam on 2–4 August. The second leg will take place in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand on 9–11 August.

## Teams

* Indonesia
* Philippines
* Thailand
* Vietnam

## Venues

| First Leg | Second Leg |
| Vĩnh Phúc, Vietnam | Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand |
| Vĩnh Phúc Gymnasium | Korat Chatchai Hall |
| Capacity: 3,000 | Capacity: 5,000 |

## Results and standings

| Leg | Date | Location | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | 4th place | Winner's share ($) |
| 1 | 2–4 August 2024 | Vĩnh Phúc | Thailand | Vietnam | Philippines | Indonesia | 17,000 |
| 2 | 9–11 August 2024 | Nakhon Ratchasima | Thailand | Vietnam | Philippines | Indonesia | 17,000 |
# 24 Lyncis

24 Lyncis is a single star in the northern constellation of Lynx. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, white-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.96. The distance to this star, as determined from its parallax measurements, is around 274 light years. It is moving further away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of about +9 km/s.
This object has a stellar classification of A3 IVn, matching an A-type star with a subgiant luminosity class. The 'n' suffix indicates "nebulous" absorption lines due to rapid rotation. The star is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 233 km/s, giving it an equatorial bulge that is 17% larger than the polar radius. Zorec et al. (2012) estimate the star is actually 88% of the way through its main sequence lifetime. It is 262 million years old with 1.89 times the mass of the Sun. 24 Lyncis is radiating 61 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,786 K.
There is a magnitude 11.15 visual companion at an angular separation of 55″ along a position angle of 324°, as of 2010.
# Podocarpus glaucus

Podocarpus glaucus is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Solomon Islands.
# Politikon

The politikon coinage is a series of Byzantine billon coins, struck around the middle of the 14th century, which are distinguished by the Greek inscription +ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΝ ("of the city, civic").
The iconography of many examples, with the legend surrounding a large cross or a bust of the Virgin Mary, follows Western European models rather than those of traditional Byzantine coinage, and most of them do not identify the Byzantine emperor under whom they were struck. They conform, however, to the general type of the widespread tornese coins, with a weight of 0.6–0.8 grams, a diameter of 17 mm and silver content of 0.200–0.250. Initially they were concave but later issues are flat. They apparently form the continuation of the Byzantine tornese issue (known in Greek as tournesion) of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328), and like them were probably rated at 96 to the gold hyperpyron. Some bear the name of Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341) and can thus be dated to the 1330s, the anonymous series could be dated to the 1340s (marked by a destructive civil war), and the last issues, featuring John V Palaiologos (r. 1341–1376 and 1379–1391) would date to the 1350s, after which time the type was discontinued. There are a few exceptions however. A politikon currently in the Cabinet des Médailles in Paris weighs 1.4 grams and has a silver content of 0.785, far higher than the ordinary tornese but still below the main Byzantine silver coin, the basilikon. A few others conform to two of the billon politikon types, but are large, thick, and heavy (circa 2 grams) copper coins, whose function is unclear.
The meaning and rationale behind the unique +ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΝ inscription, as well as the place where the coins were minted, have been long debated. It seems that the inscription indicates that these coins were struck to pay some public need (like contemporary French coins marked BVRGENSIS). Earlier scholars, starting with Gustave Schlumberger, advocated a use as tickets for the bread dole, but today they are seen as true coinage. The coins are generally considered to have been minted at Constantinople, but due to their "Western" appearance it has been variously suggested that they were struck at a provincial mint in the vicinity of the Frankish states of southern Greece. The type, however, is entirely absent from local finds in this area, and its Constantinopolitan origin seems secure.
# Point Atkinson Lighthouse

Point Atkinson Lighthouse is a lighthouse erected on Point Atkinson, a headland in southwestern British Columbia named by Captain George Vancouver in 1792, when he was exploring the Pacific Northwest in the ship Discovery. The first wooden lighthouse went into service in 1875 and was replaced by a reinforced concrete structure in 1914.

## History

The first lighthouse at the site was a wooden structure with an attached keeper's house, built by Arthur Finney of Nanaimo in 1874. It did not go into service until the following year because initially the wrong light was sent from England. The beacon was lit for the first time 17 March 1875.
The light was 95 ft (29 m) above the sea and was visible for 14 mi (23 km). When the visibility was poor, ship captains would sound their foghorn three times, prompting the lightkeeper to pump a horn by hand until the vessel signalled that it was safe to desist.
In 1889, Canadian Pacific Steamships demanded that a fog alarm be added. This was located in a separate building to the west of the lighthouse. It had a rotating drum which was driven by steam to make an audible sound. In 1902, this was replaced by a diaphone fog alarm in which a slotted piston moved inside a similarly slotted cylinder.
The present lighthouse was built in 1914 on granite boulders jutting out into Burrard Inlet in West Vancouver, Canada. The concrete structure was considered at the time innovative in lighthouse design. It is now automated and still in use.
The Point Atkinson Lighthouse may be reached by hiking the Valley Trail in Lighthouse Park.

## Keepers

* Edward Woodward 1874–1877
* Robert G. Wellwood 1877–1880
* Walter Erwin 1880–1910
* Thomas David Grafton 1910–1933
* Lawrence Walter Grafton 1933–1935
* Ernest Charles Dawe 1935–1961
* Gordon Odlum 1961–1976
* James Barr 1976–1978
* Oscar Edwards 1978–1980
* Gerald D. Watson 1980–1996
* Donald Graham 1980–1996