OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 543

Year 543 (DXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 543rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 543rd year of the 1st millennium, the 43rd year of the 6th century, and the 4th year of the 540s decade. As of the start of 543, the Gregorian calendar was 2 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Spring – Siege of Naples (542–543): The Byzantine garrison (1,000 men) in Naples surrenders to the Ostrogoths, pressed by famine and demoralized by the failure of two relief efforts. The defenders are well treated by King Totila, and the garrison is allowed safe departure, but the city walls are partly razed.

#### Africa

* The fortress city of Old Dongola (modern Sudan) along the River Nile becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Makuria. Several churches are built, including the "Old Church" (approximate date).

#### Persia

* Summer – Khosrow I, Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire, invades Syria again, and turns south towards Edessa to besiege the fortress city.
* The Hephthalites threaten the Sasanian Empire from the East. They extend their domain in Central Asia (approximate date).
* A Byzantine invasion of Persarmenia is defeated at the Battle of Anglon by a much smaller force from the Sasanian Empire.

#### Asia

* King Pulakeshin I establishes the Chalukya dynasty in India. He extends his kingdom by conquering Vakataka and the west coast of Karnataka, giving him access to the valuable Arabian Sea trade routes.

### By topic
#### Learning

* Approximate date – The Yupian (玉篇) Chinese dictionary is edited by Gu Yewang.

#### Religion

* The doctrine of apocatastasis is condemned by the Synod of Constantinople.
* Barsanuphius, a famous hermit close to Gaza, retreats fully from the world after the death of Seridus, abbot of the nearby monastery, and fellow hermit John the Prophet with whom he wrote over 850 letters to people seeking his advice and guidance. Aelianos follows Seridus as abbot of the monastery.

## Births

* Brunhilda, queen of Austrasia (approximate date)
* Columbanus, Irish missionary (d. 615)
* Jing Di, emperor of the Liang dynasty (d. 558)
* Wu Di, emperor of Northern Zhou (d. 578)

## Deaths

* Octa, king of Kent (approximate date) (b. 500)
* Adolius, Byzantine officer
* John the Prophet, Palestinian hermit and Desert Father
* Seridus of Gaza, Palestinian abbot
# Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts

Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts (PCPA) is a presenting and training professional residential theatre company in Santa Maria, California, offering a two-year acting and technical theatre conservatory program, operating out of Allan Hancock College.

## Degree

PCPA offers a two-year vocational certificate program which combines lectures, labs, and classes with practical hands-on training where students will mount a fully realized production. Conservatory students are mentored by practicing professionals in the classroom.
Performing students are offered no elective subject and have classes six days of the week. Among the classes offered are: acting, voice, movement, musical theater ensemble, Shakespeare, theatre history, stage combat. The technical theatre students examine all aspects of production, enabling them to develop as designers, craftspeople and technicians. Areas of study include stagecraft, lighting, sound, drawing and rendering, costuming and scene painting.

## Alumni

Former members of the school include:
* Robin Williams
* Mercedes Ruehl
* Kathy Bates
* Jeffrey Combs
* Harry Hamlin
* Kelly McGillis
* James Marsters
* Boyd Gaines
* Zac Efron
* Scott Aukerman
* Vincent Rodriguez III
* Powers Boothe
* Richard Riehle

## Support

PCPA receives operating funds from the Allan Hancock College, an endowment, ticket revenue, and the fundraising efforts of the PCPA Foundation to secure corporate and individual donations.
# Schizolaena viscosa

Schizolaena viscosa is a tree in the family Sarcolaenaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.

## Description

Schizolaena viscosa grows as a tree up to 15 metres (50 ft) tall. Its densely hairy filaments are unique in the genus.

## Distribution and habitat

Schizolaena viscosa is known only from the northern region of Diana. Its habitat is dry forest from sea-level to 500 m (1,600 ft) altitude.
# Patricia Shevlin

Patricia Shevlin (born August 24, 1949) was the executive producer of CBS Evening News from May 2011 until April 2014 when she moved to CBS's 60 Minutes. Before her tenure at Evening News she worked as the executive producer on the weekend edition of the program from 2000. She started at CBS in 1973. Along with colleague Miles Doran, Shevlin produced Voices of the Lost, the story of the disappearance of cargo ship El Faro, including recovered audio from the ship's last 26 hours.
# Paddys River, New South Wales

Paddys River is a locality in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. The locality was previously known as Murrimba. It is south of Canyonleigh.
According to the 2016 census, there were 31 people living at Paddys River. At the 2021 census, the population had increased to 64.
The locality takes its name from the watercourse, Paddys River (Southern Highlands).
This locality should not be confused with another identically-named locality, in the Snowy Valleys Council Local Government Area.
# Savcıbey, Söğüt

Savcıbey is a village in the Söğüt District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 144 (2021).
# Exaeretia buvati

Exaeretia buvati is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Jacques Nel in 2014. It is found in Pyrénées-Orientales in France.
# Richard Shand

Richard Cecil Stevens Alison Shand (11 May 1916 – 23 December 1965) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1938 to 1947.
A middle-order batsman, Shand had his most successful season in 1945–46, when he helped Canterbury win the Plunket Shield. In the first match he made 77, Canterbury's highest score in the match; the score was 48 for 5 when he went to the wicket, but he and Len Butterfield added 172 for the sixth wicket, and Canterbury reached 281 all out and took first-innings points in the drawn match. In the second match, he was again Canterbury's top-scorer, with 75 in the first innings in the victory over Wellington.
Later that season, when Canterbury played the touring Australians, Shand made 60 in 70 minutes in the second innings, the highest score in a losing total. It was one of only five fifties New Zealand batsmen scored against the Australians in their five first-class matches, and the only one by a player who was not subsequently selected in the New Zealand Test team at the end of the tour.
# Sazar

Sazar is a village in Paddar tehsil of Kishtwar district in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Sazar has 102 households. The literacy rate of Sazar village was 45.45% compared to 67.16% of Jammu and Kashmir. In Sazar, Male literacy stands at 60.89% while the female literacy rate was 26.37%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 478 | 265 | 213 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 71 | 40 | 31 |
| Scheduled caste | 68 | 38 | 30 |
| Scheduled tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literacy | 45.45% | 60.89% | 26.37% |
| Workers (all) | 122 | 122 | 0 |
| Main workers (total) | 121 | – | – |
| Marginal workers (total) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
# Phon Songkhram railway station

Phon Songkhram railway station is a railway station located in Phon Songkhram Subdistrict, Non Sung District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is a class 3 railway station located 315.65 km (196.1 mi) from Bangkok railway station. The station was rebuilt in 2019 as part of the double tracking project between Thanon Chira Junction and Khon Kaen.
# PU scope

The PU scope (ПУ, прицел укороченный, 'Scope short-cut' in comparison to PE/PEM telescopic sight) is a 3.5×21 telescopic sight of Soviet manufacture, widely used since 1940 on the SVT-40 rifle for which it was originally designed and since 1942 on the Mosin–Nagant rifle. Before converting the PU for Mosin–Nagant Model 1891/30 sniper rifles these rifles used 3.87×30 PE(M) telescopic sights, a Soviet-made copy of a German Zeiss design, while later rifles used smaller, simpler, and easier-to-produce 3.5×21 PU telescopic sights. The PU telescopic sight has a fixed at 3.5 power magnification. The reticle could be adjusted vertically for range, and the elevation turret is graduated from 0–1,300 m (0–1,422 yd) in 100 m (109 yd) increments. The bullet drop compensation (BDC) adjustment in the elevation turret is free spinning under grease friction. The windage adjustment turret of the telescopic sight features more conventional click adjustments in milliradian increments. The design turned out to be so successful and in demand that production was not stopped after World War II and the sight was converted for and used on other small arms.
While it has been claimed that Soviet optical instrument makers attempted to create a 6× version of the telescopic sight, this has been refuted. An after-market objective lens, known as the PU Magnifier (PUM), is able to give the PU telescopic sight a 6.5× power.

## Technical specifications

* Magnification: 3.5×
* Objective diameter: 21 mm
* Field of view: 4° 30′
* Exit pupil: 6 mm
* Eye relief: 72 mm
* Limiting optical resolution: 17 SOA
* Weight: 0.27 kg
* Length: 169 mm

## Gallery

* The PU 'German style' reticle
* Russian SVT-40 semi-automatic battle rifle with PU 3.5×21 sight
* A 1941 Tula SVT-40 with PU 3.5×21 sight in original sniper configuration
* Russian Model 1891/30 sniper rifle with PU 3.5×21 sight
* Hungarian M/52 sniper rifle with PU 3.5×21 sight
# Schizomeria ovata

Schizomeria ovata, a medium to large Australian rainforest tree, is widespread in warm-temperate rainforest in coastal New South Wales north from Narooma (36° S) and southern Queensland south from Fraser Island (25° S). It is also found in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Common names: (Australian) white birch, crab apple, white cherry, snowberry, humbug, squeaker
Timber is pale blond, and is a commercial species, under the name Australian white birch. The timber was notably used as an interior finish in the Sydney Opera House. Plywood veneered with Schizomeria ovata was used for the ceiling, upper walls, and seating of the Concert Hall, and for wall and ceiling panelling and doors in other internal areas.
# Paterson House (Mobile, Alabama)

The Paterson House is a historic residence in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The 8,000-square-foot (740 m$^2$) Mediterranean Revival style house was completed in 1927. It was designed by local architect Platt Roberts, who later designed Mobile's 16-story Waterman Building. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 15, 1986, based on its architectural significance.
# Paibi

Paibi (Chinese: 排碧; pinyin: Páibì), a village in Paibi Township (排碧乡), Huayuan County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Hunan, China, is the location of the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) which marks the boundary between the third and Furongian epochs of the Cambrian Period on the geologic time scale. Paibi was selected over the Kyrshabakty River section, Malyi Karatau, Kazakhstan, and the GSSP was ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences in late 2003. It established the first formally agreed upon subdivision of the Cambrian. The village gives its name to the Paibian Age in the Cambrian Period.
The Paibi section occurs within the Huaqiao Formation, which consists of a thick succession of carbonate beds deposited in the outer part of the Jiangnan Slope Belt, and extends from the middle Cambrian through the Lower Ordovician. It satisfies all the geological and biostratigraphic requirements for a GSSP, is readily accessible, and includes chemostratigraphic, palaeogeographic, facies-relationship, and sequence-stratigraphic information. The section lies at an elevation of 774 metres.
The evolution of Glyptagnostus reticulatus (an agnostoid trilobite) from more basal species of the genus Glyptagnostus marks the boundary. Other markers which occur near the boundary include the first appearance of the conodont Westergaardodina proligula and the Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion, a large positive shift in carbon-13 isotopes.
# Savchenkoiana

Savchenkoiana is a genus of hairy-eyed craneflies (family Pediciidae) from the Russian far east (Primorskiy kray).

## Species

* Savchenkoiana mokrzhitskae (Savchenko, 1977)
# Exaeretia crassispina

Exaeretia crassispina is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by S.X. Wang in 2005. It is found in China (Qinghai).
# Anderson East Township, McDonald County, Missouri

Anderson East Township is a township in McDonald County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Anderson East Township takes its name from the town of Anderson, Missouri.
# Scolochilus maculatus

Scolochilus maculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1979. It is known from Brazil.
# 2023 Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes

The 2023 Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes was a Belgian road cycling one-day race that took place on 23 April 2023. It was the 7th edition of Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes and the 14th event of the 2023 UCI Women's World Tour. The race was won for the second time by Dutch rider Demi Vollering of SD Worx, who won the triple crown of the Ardennes classics.

## Route

With a route similar to the previous editions of the race, the race started in Bastogne and finished in Liège, at the same location as the men's race. At 142.8 km (88.7 mi), the race was approximately half the distance of the men's event.
The route featured eight categorised climbs: the Côte de Mont-Le-Soie, Côte de Wanne, Côte de la Haute-Levée, Col de Rosier, Côte de Desnié, Côte de La Redoute, Côte des Forges and Côte de la Roche aux Faucons.

## Summary

In the lead up to the race, Demi Vollering of SD Worx was considered to be the favourite, following victories at Amstel Gold Race and La Flèche Wallonne Féminine. Annemiek van Vleuten of Movistar had not won major events in 2023, but was considered a favourite in light of two previous victories in the event. Outsiders for the win included Silvia Persico of UAE Team ADQ, Elisa Longo Borghini of Trek–Segafredo and Liane Lippert of Movistar.
On the decisive climb of the Côte de La Redoute, Marlen Reusser of SD Worx attacked from a five rider breakaway. She quickly gained a 45 second lead, with a subsequent attack from Annemiek van Vleuten splitting the peloton behind.
On the Roche aux Faucons, Longo Borghini attacked from a chasing group, catching Reusser. Following the climb, Vollering caught them, with Reusser then dropping back to the chasing group. In the closing kilometres, Vollering and Longo Borghini worked together to hold off the small group. In the final sprint, Longo Borghini went first, but Vollering overtook her with 50 metres to go, winning the race. Reusser took third place, winning the sprint of the chasing pack 22 seconds behind.
Vollering's victory was her second Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes, following her 2021 victory. She also became only the second woman to win the Ardennes classics triple - following Anna van der Breggen in 2017.

## Result

Result :
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Demi Vollering (NED) | SD Worx | 3h 50' 47" |
| 2 | Elisa Longo Borghini (ITA) | Trek–Segafredo | + 0" |
| 3 | Marlen Reusser (SUI) | SD Worx | + 22" |
| 4 | Riejanne Markus (NED) | Team Jumbo–Visma | + 22" |
| 5 | Elise Chabbey (SUI) | Canyon–SRAM | + 22" |
| 6 | Annemiek Van Vleuten (NED) | Movistar Team | + 22' |
| 7 | Gaia Realini (ITA) | Trek–Segafredo | + 25" |
| 8 | Liane Lippert (GER) | Movistar Team | + 1' 24" |
| 9 | Soraya Paladin (ITA) | Canyon–SRAM | + 1' 24" |
| 10 | Niamh Fisher-Black (NZL) | SD Worx | + 1' 24" |
# Muryali

Muryali or Muriali is a town and union council in Dera Ismail Khan District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located at 31°49'0N 70°54'0E and has an altitude of 164 metres (541 feet).
# 2015 FEI World Cup Finals (show jumping and dressage)

The 2015 FEI World Cup Finals in Las Vegas was held between April 15 to April 19, 2015. It was to be the final of the Show jumping and Dressage World Cup series. The finals were held at the Thomas & Mack Center. For the first time since 2009 Show Jumping and Dressage World Cup Finals were held in the United States.

## Dressage results
### Grand Prix

* Charlotte DUJARDIN (GBR)
* Edward GAL (NED)
* Steffen PETERS (USA)

### Grand Prix Freestyle to Music

* Charlotte DUJARDIN (GBR)
* Edward GAL (NED)
* Jessica VON BREDOW-WERNDL (GER)

## Show jumping results
### Final Individual Classification

* GUERDAT, Steve (SUI)
* LEPREVOST, Penelope (FRA)
* ALLEN, Bertram (IRL)
# Silver Session for Jason Knuth

Silver Session for Jason Knuth is an EP by American alternative rock band Sonic Youth. It was released in 1998, credited to record label Sonic Knuth.

## Content

The EP's eight tracks consist entirely of guitar feedback with occasional drum machine.
It was dedicated to Sonic Youth fan Jason Knuth, who committed suicide, with proceeds from the record's sales donated to the San Francisco Suicide Prevention Hotline. The liner notes, written by Thurston Moore, contained an explanation of the record:
   Silver Sessions [was] taken from an evening when SY had to do vocal overdubs for A Thousand Leaves – the band upstairs was hammering out some funky metal overdrive and we couldn't "sing" properly (?!). We decided to fight fire with molten lava and turned every amp we owned on to 10+ and leaned as many guitars and basses we could plug in against them and they roared/howled like airplanes burning over the pacific [sic]. We could only enter the playing room with hands pressed hard against our ears, and even then it was physically stunning. We ran a sick, outmoded beatbox through the P.A. and it blew out horrendous distorted pulsations. Of course, we recorded the whole thing, and a few months later we mixed it down into sections, ultra-processing it to a wholly other "piece". In a way, it's my favorite record of ours – I hope Jason [Knuth, to whom the release is dedicated] digs it. Keep on, keep on, keep on.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Jason Birchmeier of AllMusic wrote, "Of the many strange recordings released by Sonic Youth over the course of their long career, few measure up to Silver Session for Jason Knuth". Describing Silver Session as noise rock, he called it "an interesting addition to their catalog, intended mainly for loyal fans."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sonic Youth
# Variable sunbird

The variable sunbird or yellow-bellied sunbird (Cinnyris venustus), formerly Nectarinia venusta, is a sunbird. The sunbirds are a group of small Old World passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed most of the time.
The variable sunbird is a fairly common resident breeder in equatorial Africa. Two eggs are laid in a suspended nest in a tree. This species is found in open woodland and cultivation.
Variable sunbirds are small, only 10 cm long. They have medium-length thin down-curved bills and brush-tipped tubular tongues, both adaptations to their nectar feeding.
The adult male has a glossy green head, throat and nape, and a maroon breast band. In most subspecies, the belly of the male is yellow, but in a few it is orange or white. The female has grey-brown upperparts and yellowish underparts, and an obvious pale supercilium. The eclipse male is like the female, but shows some green, especially on the throat. The call is a clear tew-tew-tew-tew-tew.

## Gallery

* male C. v. venustus, Gambia
* juvenile C. v. venustus, Gambia
* male C. v. falkensteini, Kenya
* female C. v. falkensteini, Kenya
# Palladium(II) nitrate

Palladium(II) nitrate is the inorganic compound with the formula Pd(NO$_3$)$_2$.(H$_2$O)$_x$ where x = 0 or 2. The anhydrous and dihydrate are deliquescent solids. According to X-ray crystallography, both compounds feature square planar Pd(II) with unidentate nitrate ligands. The anhydrous compound, which is a coordination polymer, is yellow.
As a solution in nitric acid, Pd(NO$_3$)$_2$ catalyzes the conversion of alkenes to dinitrate esters. Its pyrolysis affords palladium oxide.

## Preparation

Hydrated palladium nitrate may be prepared by dissolving palladium oxide hydrate in dilute nitric acid followed by crystallization. The nitrate crystallizes as yellow-brown deliquescent prisms. The anhydrous material is obtained by treating palladium metal with fuming nitric acid.
# Bitter

Bitter may refer to:

## Common uses

* Resentment, negative emotion or attitude, similar to being jaded, cynical or otherwise negatively affected by experience
* Bitter (taste), one of the five basic tastes

## Books

* Bitter (novel), a 2022 novel by Akwaeke Emezi.

## Food and drink

* Bitter (beer), a British term for pale ale
* Bitters, an herbal preparation with bitter flavour now used mostly in cocktails
* A category of plants with bitter flavour, many dark leafy greens

## Music
### Albums

* Bitter (Jupiter Apple album), 2007
* Bitter (Meshell Ndegeocello album), 1999

### Songs

* "Bitter" (Fletcher song) (2020)
* "Bitter", by Lit from Tripping the Light Fantastic, 1997
* "Bitter", by Reks from More Grey Hairs
* "Bitter", by Remy Zero from The Golden Hum
* "Bitter", by Freya Ridings from Blood Orange, 2023
* "Bitter", by Shihad
* "Bitter", by Jill Sobule from Happy Town, 1997
* "Bitter", by The Vamps from Cherry Blossom

## Other uses

* Bitter (surname) (including a list of persons with the name)
* Bitter Cars, a German car company