# Arterial tree

In anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries. This article regards the human arterial tree. Starting from the aorta:
the following are the parts

## Ascending aorta

It is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.

### Right coronary artery

* posterior interventricular artery (mostly)
* SA nodal artery (in 60%)
* Right marginal artery

### Left coronary artery

* anterior interventricular
** septal
** diagonal
* circumflex
** SA nodal artery (in 40%)
** posterior interventricular artery (occasionally)
** Left marginal arteries
** posterolateral artery
* ramus intermedius (sometimes)

## Aortic arch
### brachiocephalic artery

* right common carotid artery
* right subclavian artery

### left common carotid artery (directly from arch of aorta on left mostly)
#### internal carotid artery

* ophthalmic artery
** Orbital group
*** Lacrimal artery
**** lateral palpebral arteries
**** zygomatic branches
**** recurrent branch
*** Supraorbital artery
**** superficial branch
**** deep branch
*** Posterior ethmoidal artery
**** meningeal branch
**** nasal branches
*** Anterior ethmoidal artery
**** anterior meningeal artery
**** nasal branches
**** superior palpebral arch
**** inferior palpebral arch
*** Supratrochlear artery
*** Dorsal nasal artery
**** twig to the upper part of lacrimal sac
**** to root of nose
**** dorsum of the nose
** Ocular group
*** Long posterior ciliary arteries
**** Circulus arteriosus major
**** Circulus arteriosus minor
*** Short posterior ciliary arteries
*** Anterior ciliary artery
*** Central retinal artery
*** Muscular artery
* anterior cerebral artery
* middle cerebral artery
** anterolateral central arteries
*** internal striate
*** external striate
* posterior communicating artery

#### external carotid artery

* Arising in carotid triangle
** Superior thyroid artery
*** Hyoid (infrahyoid) artery
*** Sternocleidomastoid artery
*** Superior laryngeal artery
*** Cricothyroid artery
** Ascending pharyngeal artery
** Lingual artery
** Facial artery
*** cervical
**** Ascending palatine artery
**** Tonsillar branch
**** Submental artery
***** superficial branch
***** deep branch
**** Glandular branches
*** facial
**** Inferior labial artery
**** Superior labial artery
**** Lateral nasal branch
**** Angular artery - the terminal branch
** Occipital artery
* Posterior auricular artery
* Terminal branches
** Maxillary artery
*** First portion
**** Deep auricular artery
**** Anterior tympanic artery
**** Middle meningeal artery
***** anterior and posterior
****** ophthalmic artery (very rarely)
****** superior tympanic artery
****** vessels to semilunar ganglion
****** superficial petrosal branch
****** Orbital branches
****** Temporal branches
**** Inferior alveolar artery
***** incisor branch
***** mental branch
***** lingual branch
***** mylohyoid branch
**** Accessory meningeal artery
*** Second portion
**** Masseteric artery
**** Pterygoid branches
**** Deep temporal arteries (anterior and posterior)
**** Buccal artery
*** Third portion
**** Sphenopalatine artery, terminal branch
***** posterior lateral nasal branches
***** posterior septal branches
**** Descending palatine artery
***** greater palatine artery
***** lesser palatine arteries
**** Infraorbital artery
***** orbital branches
***** anterior superior alveolar arteries
**** Posterior superior alveolar artery
**** branches to alveolar canals
**** branches to gingiva
**** Pharyngeal artery
**** Artery of pterygoid canal
** Superficial temporal artery
*** Transverse facial artery
*** Middle temporal artery
*** Anterior auricular branch
*** frontal branch
*** parietal branch

### Left subclavian artery (directly from arch of aorta on left)
#### vertebral artery

* Meningeal branches of vertebral artery
* Posterior spinal artery
** ascending branch
** descending branch
* Anterior spinal artery
* Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
** medial branch
** lateral branch
* Basilar artery
** Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
*** labyrinthine artery
** pontine branches

#### internal thoracic artery

* Mediastinal branches
* Thymic branches
* Pericardiophrenic artery
* Sternal branches
* Perforating branches
* six anterior intercostal branches
** upper branches
** lower branches of the space anastomoses
* Musculophrenic artery
** intercostal branches (three)
** branches to lower part of the pericardium
** branches to diaphragm
** branches to abdominal muscles
* Superior epigastric artery

#### thyrocervical trunk

* inferior thyroid artery
* suprascapular artery
* transverse cervical artery
** Superficial branch
** Deep branch/Dorsal scapular artery (sometimes)

#### costocervical trunk

* Deep cervical artery
* Supreme intercostal artery
** 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery

#### Axillary artery

* Superior thoracic artery
* Thoracoacromial artery
** acromial
** pectoral
** clavicular
** deltoid
* Lateral thoracic artery
* Subscapular artery
* Anterior humeral circumflex artery
* Posterior humeral circumflex artery

#### Brachial artery

* Profunda brachii artery
** radial collateral artery
** medial collateral artery
** branches to the deltoid muscle
* Superior ulnar collateral artery
** Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
* Inferior ulnar collateral artery
** Ascending branches
** Descending branches
* radial artery
** radial branches in the forearm
** Radial recurrent artery
** Palmar carpal branch of radial artery
** Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
** radial branches at the wrist
** Dorsal carpal branch of radial artery
** First dorsal metacarpal artery
** radial branches in the hand
** Princeps pollicis artery
** Radialis indicis
** Deep palmar arch
* ulnar artery
** anterior ulnar recurrent artery
** posterior ulnar recurrent artery
** common interosseous artery
** posterior interosseous artery
*** interosseous recurrent artery
** anterior interosseous artery
*** muscular branches
*** nutrient arteries of radius and ulna
*** branch to volar carpal network
** muscular artery
** volar carpal
** palmar carpal arch
** dorsal carpal
** dorsal carpal arch
** deep volar
** superficial volar arch

## Thoracic aorta

* bronchial arteries
* esophageal arteries
* mediastinal branches
* Lower 9(3rd to 11th) posterior intercostal arteries
* subcostal arteries
* superior phrenic arteries

## Abdominal aorta
### celiac

* left gastric artery
** hepatic branch
** oesophageal branch
* common hepatic artery
** proper hepatic artery
*** Terminal branches
**** right hepatic artery
***** Cystic artery
**** left hepatic artery
*** right gastric artery
** gastroduodenal artery
*** right gastro-omental artery
*** superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
* splenic artery
** dorsal pancreatic artery
** short gastric arteries
** left gastro-omental artery
** Bühler's anastomotic artery

### superior mesenteric

* inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
* middle colic artery
* right colic artery
* intestinal arteries
* ileocolic artery

### renal
#### Anterior and posterior
##### interlobar artery

* arcuate artery
** interlobular artery
*** afferent arteriole
*** efferent arteriole
**** descending vasa recta
**** peritubular capillaries

### gonadal

* testicular artery in males
* ovarian artery in females

### inferior mesenteric

* left colic artery
** ascending branch
** descending branch
* sigmoid arteries
* superior rectal artery

### common iliac
## Common iliac arteries
### Internal iliac artery
#### Anterior division

* obturator artery
* superior vesical artery
* Vaginal artery (females) / inferior vesical artery (males)
* middle rectal artery
* internal pudendal artery
** inferior rectal artery
** perineal artery
** posterior scrotal branches in males/posterior labial branches in females
** urethral artery
** artery of bulb of penis in males / artery of bulb of vestibule in females
** dorsal artery of penis in males / dorsal artery of clitoris in females
** deep artery of penis in males / deep artery of clitoris in females
* inferior gluteal artery
** Accompanying artery of ischiadic nerve
* Uterine artery (females) / deferential artery (males)
** Vaginal artery (sometimes)
* (obliterated) umbilical artery

#### Posterior division

* iliolumbar artery
** Lumbar branch
** Iliac branch
* lateral sacral artery
** Superior
** Inferior
* superior gluteal artery
** Superficial branch
** Deep branch

### external iliac artery

* Inferior epigastric artery
* Deep circumflex iliac artery
* femoral artery
** superficial epigastric artery
** Superficial circumflex iliac artery
** Superficial external pudendal artery
** Deep external pudendal artery
** Deep femoral artery
*** Lateral femoral circumflex artery
**** ascending branch
**** descending branch
**** transverse branch
*** Medial femoral circumflex artery
**** ascending branch
**** descending branch
***** superficial branch
***** deep branch
***** acetabular branch
*** Perforating arteries
**** first perforating artery
**** second perforating artery
**** third/fourth perforating artery
** Descending genicular artery
*** Saphenous branch
*** Musculo-articular branch

#### Popliteal artery

* anterior tibial artery
** post. tibial recurrent artery
** ant. tibial recurrent artery
** muscular branches
** anterior medial malleolar artery
** anterior lateral malleolar artery
** Dorsalis pedis artery
* posterior tibial artery
** fibular artery (sometimes from popliteal artery)
*** communicating branch to the anterior tibial artery
*** perforating branch to the posterior tibial artery
** medial plantar artery
** lateral plantar artery
* sural artery
* medial superior genicular artery
** Branch to vastus medialis
** Branch to surface of the femur and the knee-joint
* lateral superior genicular artery
** superficial branch
** deep branch
* middle genicular artery
* medial inferior genicular artery
** branch to popliteus
* lateral inferior genicular artery