OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 8116 Jeanperrin

8116 Jeanperrin, provisional designation 1996 HA$_{15}$, is a Florian asteroid and synchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.8 kilometers (3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 17 April 1996, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. The likely stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.62 hours and a nearly round shape. It was named for French physicist and Nobel laureate Jean Baptiste Perrin. A minor-planet moon, a third the size of its primary, was discovered in 2007.

## Orbit and classification

Jeanperrin is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.
It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,233 days; semi-major axis of 2.25 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observations as 1987 WU$_3$ at Anderson Mesa Station in November 1987, more than 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at La Silla.

## Physical characteristics

Jeanperrin is an assumed S-type asteroid, which agrees with the overall spectral type for member of the Flora family.$^{:23}$

### Rotation period

In October 2007, a rotational lightcurve of Jeanperrin was obtained from photometric observations by a large international collaboration of astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.6169 hours and a low brightness variation of 0.09 magnitude, indicative of a nearly spheroidal shape (U=3). Additional observations by Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory in 2007 and 2017, rendered a nearly identical period of 3.6169 and 3.61692 hours with an amplitude of 0.09 and 0.10 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Jeanperrin measures between 3.66 and 4.797 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1841 and 0.437.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE data, that is, an albedo of 0.1841 and a (rounded) diameter of 4.80 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.05.

### Satellite

During the photometric observations in October 2007 (see above), it was also revealed, that Jeanperrin is a synchronous binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon in its orbit. The satellite measures approximately 1.49 kilometers in diameter (d$_s$/d$_p$-ratio of at least 0.33), and orbits its primary at an estimated average distance of 13 kilometers once every 36.15 hours (1.506 days).

## Naming

This minor planet was named after French physicist Jean Baptiste Perrin (1870–1942), who was awarded the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physics for his studies of Brownian motion (also see list of laureates). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 11 February 1998 (M.P.C. 31299).
# John Meredith (baseball)

John Meredith was an American Negro league third baseman in the 1910s.
Meredith played for the West Baden Sprudels in 1914. In three recorded games, he posted five hits in 14 plate appearances.
# John Peale Bishop

John Peale Bishop (May 21, 1892 – April 4, 1944) was an American poet and man of letters.

## Biography

Bishop was born in Charles Town, West Virginia, to a family from New England, and attended school in Hagerstown, Maryland and Mercersburg Academy. At 18, Bishop fell victim to a severe illness and temporarily lost his sight. He entered Princeton University in 1913, at age 21, where he became friends with Edmund Wilson and F. Scott Fitzgerald and was the editor of the Nassau Literary Magazine. He graduated from Princeton in 1917 and served with the army for two years in Europe. He was the model for the character Thomas Parke D'Invilliers in Fitzgerald's first novel, This Side of Paradise.
Upon returning to the United States, he wrote poetry as well as essays and reviews for Vanity Fair in New York City. In 1922 he married Margaret Hutchins, and they soon moved to France, where they lived until 1933, interrupted by a stint for Paramount Pictures in New York (1925–26). While in France they bought the Château de Tressancourt at Orgeval, Seine et Oise, near Paris, where they raised three sons.
In 1931 Mr. Bishop won the $5,000 prize in Scribner's Magazine's long short story contest with "Many Thousands Gone," one of his best known works.
In 1933 Bishop's family returned to the United States, residing first in Connecticut, then New Orleans, and finally in a house on Cape Cod. His novel Act of Darkness, based on the true story of the rape of a prominent Charles Town social figure by a local Charles Town man, caused a scandal in the town when it was published.
He became chief poetry reviewer for The Nation (1940). In 1941-2 he served as publications director in the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, and was then invited to be resident fellow at the Library of Congress. He died within a few months of his appointment, on April 4, 1944, in Hyannis, Massachusetts.

## Selected works

* Green Fruit, poetry, 1917
* The Undertaker’s Garland, with Edmund Wilson, decorations by Boris Artzybasheff, poetry, 1922
* Many Thousands Gone, short stories, 1931
* Now With His Love, poetry, 1933
* Act of Darkness, novel, 1935
* Minute Particulars, poetry, 1935
* Selected Poems, 1941
* The Collected Essays of John Peale Bishop, posthumous, 1948
* The Republic of Letters in America, posthumous collection of letters with Allen Tate, 1981

## Awards

* Golden Tiger Award, Princeton University, 1918
# Muskwe

Muskwe is a Zimbabwean surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Adelaide Muskwe (born 1998), Zimbabwean netball player
* Admiral Muskwe (born 1998), Zimbabwean football forward
# Agents of Chaos

Agent(s) of Chaos may refer to:
* The New Jedi Order: Agents of Chaos, a two-part Star Wars story arc
* Agent of Chaos (Norman Spinrad novel)
* Agents of Chaos (miniseries), a 2020 documentary by HBO Documentary Films
# Peter Boyle (footballer, born 1876)

Peter Boyle (26 April 1876 – 24 June 1939) was an Irish footballer and manager. Born in Carlingford in Ireland, Boyle was a left back whose most successful playing spell was with Sheffield United with whom he reached the FA Cup Final on three occasions, playing on the winning side on two of them. He also played for Sunderland and Motherwell as well as representing Ireland on five occasions. He later had a brief spell as player-manager with York City in 1912.

## Career
### Club career

Boyle moved from his home in Scotland to join Sunderland in 1896, making his Football League debut against Blackburn Rovers in December of that year. After two years at the Wearside club he moved south to the League champions Sheffield United in December 1898 for £175. He became a regular for the Blades in a period when they were a dominant force in English football, finishing runners-up in the league in his first season and winning the FA Cup in both 1899 and 1902 along with another unsuccessful appearance in the 1901 FA Cup final.
Described as a 'robust' player by the local media he was considered a 'fine tackler' and 'superb kicker' during his time at Bramall Lane. By 1903 however his relationship with the club had deteriorated following a dispute after the club failed to award him a benefit match which he believed he was owed. He was twice suspended for 'misconduct' before being transferred for a 'nominal' fee of £100 in 1904.
Having told United that he wished to return to Scotland, Boyle spent only one season at Motherwell before he moved to Clapton Orient who had recently been admitted to the Football League. He then drifted back into the amateur game with brief spells at Wigan Town, Chorley and Eccles Borough where his playing career looked to have come to an end.
After several years out of the game, however, Boyle was appointed as player-manager of newly admitted Midland League team York City in 1912, before being replaced by Tommy Collier later the same season.

### International career

Boyle was capped five times for Ireland during his time with Sheffield United. He would have won several more had he not rejected the call-up on a number of occasions to play for the Blades instead.

## Personal life

Although born in Ireland, Boyle's family had moved to Scotland when he was a child and it was here he began playing football regularly. Following the end of his playing career he worked as a miner at Brodsworth Colliery where he also coached the colliery football team, Brodsworth Main, now Brodsworth Welfare A.F.C. His son Tommy Boyle would also go on to play for Sheffield United with whom he also won an FA Cup winners medal in 1925.

## Honours

Sheffield United
* Football League First Division Runner-up: 1899–1900
* FA Cup Winner: 1899, 1902
** Finalist: 1901
# Alex Dezen

Alex Dezen is a platinum-selling songwriter, producer, mixing engineer, solo artist, and the lead singer and songwriter for the American rock and roll band The Damnwells. He holds an MFA degree in English from The University of Iowa's Iowa Writers' Workshop, where he was a Jeffrey G. and Victoria J. Edwards Fellow. As a platinum-selling songwriter, he has written and released songs for artists such as Justin Bieber, Robin Thicke, JoJo (singer), Matt Hires, Court Yard Hounds, The Veronicas, and others. He has also written for and worked with a number of additional artist such as The Dixie Chicks, Dave Grohl, Gary Louris of The Jayhawks, Sara Bareilles, Christina Perri, Genevieve Schatz of Company of Thieves, Simple Plan, Jesse & Joy, Bun E. Carlos and many others. He is currently signed to Warner Chappell Music.

## Career

A series of 4 solo EPs, known as "The Bedhead EPs," were released throughout 2014. The first one, titled 1/4, was released on January 21, 2014. The second, titled 2/4, was released on April 22, 2014, and was accompanied by a video, which premiered on the website for American Songwriter magazine. The 3rd EP, titled 3/4, was released on July 22, 2014 The final EP in the series, 4/4, was released on December 30, 2014.
In 2015, he collaborated with the American dance company Pilobolus, composing the music for the dance piece Wednesday Morning, 11:45 (2015), which premiered at The American Dance Festival in Durham, NC, on June 15, 2015.
The Damnwells eponymous fifth studio album, featuring the original four members, was released on April 14, 2015.
On November 3, 2015, Dezen announced a PledgeMusic project of songs written in early 2015 to be released as his first solo album. The project reached its crowdfunding goal in one week. The self-titled album was released by Rock Ridge Music on February 12, 2016, followed by a 9-hour, free internet concert where Dezen performed acoustic versions of every song he has ever released over his 15-year career either with The Damnwells or as a solo artist, including a live, full-band performance of the self-titled solo album live at the High Watt in Nashville, TN. The footage is still available online to view Dezen's YouTube channel.
On August 23, 2016, Dezen announced another Pledge Music campaign for his second solo album, releasing the song and video for "Randolph Tonight" exclusively to Pledgers.
In August 2017, Dezen released the first recording by his new band, Broken Baby, a rock group featuring his long-time partner and collaborator Amber Marie Bollinger on lead vocals.
# Jaime Castro Castro

Jaime Castro Castro (28 March 1938) is a Colombian lawyer and politician, who served as Mayor of Bogotá from 1992 to 1994. A Liberal Party politician, he served as Minister of Government under President Belisario Betancur Cuartas, and as Minister of Justice under President Misael Pastrana Borrero.
# Gerardia

Gerardia may refer to:
* Gerardia L., a plant genus now a synonym of Stenandrium Nees in family Acanthaceae
* Gerardia Benth., a plant genus now a synonym of Agalinis Raf. in family Orobanchaceae
* Gerardia Lacaze-Duthiers, 1864, a genus of cnidarians, now a synonym of Savalia Nardo, 1844
* Common names of several species of Agalinis Raf. formerly in Gerardia Benth., including:
** Agalinis acuta
** Agalinis auriculata
** Agalinis purpurea
** Agalinis skinneriana
** Agalinis tenuifolia
# Pirque

Pirque (Spanish:) is a commune of Chile in Cordillera Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region; it is located 2.8 kilometers southeast of Puente Alto and 21.3 kilometers south-southeast of the center of Santiago. It is situated at the base of the Cajón del Maipo, and is the home of the Concha y Toro wine company.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Pirque spans an area of 445.3 km$^2$ (172 sq mi) and has 16,565 inhabitants (8,384 men and 8,181 women). Of these, 9,651 (58.3%) lived in urban areas and 6,914 (41.7%) in rural areas. The population grew by 45.7% (5,197 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

### Stats

* Population: 20,518 (2006 projection)
* Average annual household income: US$21,537 (PPP, 2006)
* Population below poverty line: 9.1% (2006)

## Administration

As a commune, Pirque is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2012-2016 alcalde is Cristian Balmaceda Undurraga (RN). The communal council has the following members:
* Carlos Miranda Dinamarca (IND)
* Hilda Espinoza Cavieres (IND)
* Patricio Domínguez Warrington (PS)
* Lorena Berrios Gonzalez (RN)
* Pablo Ulloa Riquelme (IND)
* María Mujica Vizcaya (IND)
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Pirque is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Mr. Osvaldo Andrade (PS) and Mr. Leopoldo Pérez (RN) as part of the 29th electoral district, (together with Puente Alto, San José de Maipo and La Pintana). The commune is represented in the Senate by Soledad Alvear Valenzuela (PDC) and Ena Von Baer (UDI) as part of the 8th senatorial constituency (Santiago-East).
# Pisidium pulchellum

Pisidium pulchellum , the iridescent pea mussel, is a minute species of pea clam, a freshwater bivalve in the family Sphaeriidae.

## Description

The 3.5–4 mm shell is tumid (swollen), oblique-oval shell. The umbos are broad well and well behind the midpoint. The surface (periostracum) is glossy with regular concentric ribbing. The colour is grey to cream tinged and pinkvor orange from the animal inside.

## Distribution and conservation status

* Not listed in IUCN red list – not evaluated (NE)
* Germany – critically endangered (vom Aussterben bedroht)
* Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden (not in Faroes)
* Great Britain and Ireland
# Pisidium subtruncatum

Pisidium subtruncatum is a species of pill clam, a minute freshwater bivalve in the family Sphaeriidae.

## Description

The 2.7 – 4 mm shell is moderately tumid (swollen). In shape it is a strongly oblique oval. The umbos are prominent and well behind the middle. The surface is silky glossy with fine, irregular ribbing. In colour it is whitish to greyish.

## Distribution

Its native distribution is Holarctic.
* Czech Republic – in Bohemia, in Moravia, least concern (LC)
* Germany – distributed in whole Germany but in 2 states in red list (Rote Liste BRD).
* Nordic countries: Denmark, Faroes, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden
* Great Britain and Ireland
# Pillomena

Pillomena is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Pillomena include:
* Pillomena aemula
# Piotr Gołębiowski

Piotr Paweł Gołębiowski (10 June 1902 – 2 November 1980) was an apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Sandomierz.

## Biography

Gołębiowski was born in Jedlińsk. In 1919, after completing an exam, he was enrolled into the seminary in Sandomierz. After graduating, he began studying theology and philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University, obtaining a doctorate in philosophy in 1925 and a doctorate in theology in 1928. He was ordained on 12 October 1924 by Paweł Kubicki.
In 1929, Gołębiowski was made professor of apologetics and moral theology at the seminary in Sandomierz; he worked as a professor until 1941. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of Sandomierz and titular bishop of Panium in 1957; he was consecrated on 28 July by Jan Kanty Lorek. On 6 January 1967, he was made vicar capitular of the diocese of Sandomierz; he was made apostolic administrator in 1968.
Gołębiowski was called to the 4th session of the Second Vatican Council in 1965. He died while celebrating Mass in Nałęczów in 1980 and was buried at the cathedral in Sandomierz.
# Pine Level, Alabama

Pine Level, Alabama may refer to :
* Pine Level, Autauga County, Alabama
* Pine Level, Coffee County, Alabama
* Pine Level, Montgomery County, Alabama
# Pine Level, Coffee County, Alabama

Pine Level is an unincorporated community in Coffee County, Alabama, United States. Pine Level is located on Alabama State Route 141, 8.2 miles (13.2 km) northwest of Elba.
# Piperic acid

Piperic acid is a chemical often obtained by the base-hydrolysis of the alkaloid piperine from black pepper, followed by acidification of the corresponding salt. Piperic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds such as piperonal, and as-such may be used to produce fragrances, perfumes flavorants and drugs as well as other useful compounds.

## Preparation

Piperic acid can be prepared from the commercially-available alkaloid piperine, a cyclic amide containing a piperidine group, by reacting it with a hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide, then acidifying the formed piperate salt with hydrochloric acid or another acid. The toxic compound piperidine is given off during the base-hydrolysis of piperine and as-such, safety precautions should be taken.

## Reactions

Reaction of piperic acid with strong oxidizers such as potassium permanganate or ozone, or a halogen such as bromine followed by sodium hydroxide causes oxidative cleavage of the double-bonds, yielding piperonal and piperonylic acid. Piperonal has many uses in industry and is itself a precursor to a good subsection of other chemicals. On reduction with sodium amalgam piperic acid forms α- and β-dihydropiperic acid, C$_{12}$H$_{12}$O$_4$, and the latter can take up two further atoms of hydrogen to produce tetrahydropiperic acid.
# Placothelium

Placothelium is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Placothelium staurothelioides.
# 2024–25 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)

The 2024–25 Úrvalsdeild kvenna is the 68th season of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna, the top tier women's basketball league on Iceland.

## Competition format

The league consists of 10 teams with a 8 team playoff tournament. The bottom team will be relegated to the 1. deild kvenna while the team in 9th place will face the teams in 2-4 place in the 1. deild in a playoff for a spot in the Úrvalsdeild.

## Teams

| Team | City, Region | Arena | Head coach |
| Aþena | Breiðholt | Smárinn | Brynjar Karl Sigurðsson |
| Grindavík | Grindavík | HS Orku-höllin | Þorleifur Ólafsson |
| Haukar | Hafnarfjörður | Schenkerhöllin | Emil Barja |
| Hamar/Þór | Hveragerði/Þorlákshöfn | | Hallgrímur Brynjólfsson |
| Keflavík | Keflavík | TM Höllin | Friðrik Ingi Rúnarsson |
| Njarðvík | Njarðvík | Ljónagryfjan | Einar Árni Jóhannsson |
| Stjarnan | Reykjavík | Mathús Garðabæjar höllin | Ólafur Jónas Sigurðsson |
| Valur | Reykjavík | Origo-völlurinn | Jamil Abiad |
| Þór Akureyri | Akureyri | Síðuskóli | Daníel Andri Halldórsson |

## Managerial changes

| Team | Outgoing manager | Manner of departure | Date of vacancy | Position in table | Replaced with | Date of appointment |
| Stjarnan | Arnar Guðjónsson | End of contract | May 2024 | Off-season | Ólafur Jónas Sigurðsson | 4 April 2024 |
| Haukar | Ingvar Guðjónsson | End of contract | 24 April 2024 | Off-season | Emil Barja | 2 May 2024 |
| Valur | Hjalti Þór Vilhjálmsson | End of contract | 22 May 2024 | Off-season | Jamil Abiad | 22 May 2024 |
| Njarðvík | Rúnar Ingi Erlingsson | End of contract | 22 May 2024 | Off-season | Einar Árni Jóhannsson | 24 May 2024 |
| Keflavík | Sverrir Þór Sverrisson | End of contract | 22 May 2024 | Off-season | Friðrik Ingi Rúnarsson | 7 June 2024 |

## Notable occurrences

* On 31 May, the board of Fjölnir announced it had withdrawn the team from the league due to financial difficulties.
* On 21 June, Danielle Rodriguez left Grindavík and signed with BCF Elfic Fribourg Basket.
* On 21 June, Sóllilja Bjarnadóttir signed with Grindavík.
* On 8 July, Grindavík signed Isabella Ósk Sigurðardóttir.
* On 17 July, former Úrvalsdeild Foreign Player of the Year, Brittanny Dinkins, signed with Njarðvík.
# 2024–25 İstanbulspor season

The 2024–25 season is the 99th season in the history of İstanbulspor, and the club's first season in TFF First League. In addition to the domestic league, the team is scheduled to participate in the Turkish Cup.

## Competitions
### Overall record

| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| TFF First League | 9–12 August 2024 | 10 May 2024 | Matchday 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | !— |
| Turkish Cup | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | !— |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | !— |
Source: Competitions

### TFF First League
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 10 | Gençlerbirliği | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | +1 | 11 |
| 11 | Iğdır | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 7 | +4 | 10 |
| 12 | Esenler Erokspor | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 10 | +1 | 9 |
| 13 | Çorum | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 8 | +1 | 9 |
| 14 | Boluspor | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 7 | +1 | 9 |

#### Results summary

| Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away |
Source:

#### Results by round

* Round
* Ground
* Result
* Position

#### Matches

The match schedule was released on 24 July 2024.
# 2024–25 Çaykur Rizespor season

The 2024–25 season is the 72nd season in the history of Çaykur Rizespor, and the club's second consecutive season in Süper Lig. In addition to the domestic league, the team is scheduled to participate in the Turkish Cup.

## Transfers
### In

| Pos. | Player | Transferred from | Fee | Date | Source |
| MF | Muhamed Buljubašić | FK Sarajevo | €1,500,000 | 29 July 2024 | |

### Out
## Competitions
### Overall record

| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Süper Lig | 12 August 2024 | | Matchday 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 050.00 |
| Turkish Cup | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | !— |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 050.00 |
Last updated: 17 August 2024 Source: Competitions

### Süper Lig
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 13 | Sivasspor | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 11 | −3 | 8 | |
| 14 | Antalyaspor | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 16 | −6 | 8 | |
| 15 | Rizespor | 8 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 16 | −11 | 7 | |
| 16 | Gaziantep | 7 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 11 | −4 | 5 | Relegation to 2025–26 TFF First League |
| 17 | Kayserispor | 7 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 13 | −7 | 4 | Relegation to 2025–26 TFF First League |

#### Results summary

| Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away |
Last updated: 17 August 2024. Source: Süper Lig

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 |
| Ground | H | A |
| Result | D | W |
| Position | 7 | |

#### Matches

The match schedule was released on 11 July 2024.